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THE RUGBY 
 
 HANDBOOK 
 
 OF THE 
 
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 — ON THE — 
 
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THE RUGBY 
 
 HANDBOOK 
 
 •OF THF • 
 
 English-American Colony 
 
 ■ON THE- 
 
 Plateau ofthe Cumberland Mountains, 
 
 -)IN ( 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 •\KrxrrTT. 3^iiste: E:^<r(3-i2..A.-^iaiT(3-s .A-isris .a. i^.£^f. 
 
 RUGBY 
 
 CINCINNATI; 
 
1-444 
 
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INTIOIDILGTDIT. 
 
 // is ah) 10 St safe to assinne tJiat the Anglo- Americaii settle- 
 ment of Rnghv, on the Platean of the Cumberland n/onntains, 
 in East Te)inessee, is so loidcly hunvn as scarcely to require 
 further introduction to the reading and traveled public. So 
 ■much has been said and ivritten of its start, ayid all its varied 
 fortunes and prospects, that it may be thought tJu^re ca)i be but 
 little nwre to say upon what may seem to nuiny a rather 
 threadbare subject. There is, Junvever, a very great deal to 
 say about Rugby ; not about the past, now, biit about the present. 
 We have no intention of saying this very great deal, but shall 
 rest content to put into print Just so much informatio)i as zvill 
 serve the visitor and the outside enquirer zcith a souvenir 
 of, and a guide to, the zuell-knoivn setilcment. We shall be 
 brief as possible, aiming only to convey to our traders an ac- 
 curate description of the place. Parties seriously meditating 
 a move to Rugby should invariably, if possible, co7ne and see 
 for theniselves before pulling up stakes at home. 
 
 »¥l^W©fe¥:a':©l 
 
RUGBY 
 
 ITS ORIGIN. 
 
 In December, 1877, a company of New England gentle- 
 men, prompted to attempt some relief of the agricultural 
 distress of the time, was organized at Boston, and entitled 
 "The Board of Aid to Land Ownership." Its work was 
 to " promote associate migration to fertile unoccupied lands, 
 etc." After careful and prolonged investigation as to the 
 site for settlement, the conclusion of the Board was as fol- 
 lows: "That the mountain plateau of East Tennessee, in 
 consideration of its climate, soil, elevation, sufficiently level 
 surface, timber, water, mineral resources, accessibility, 
 natural mechanical facilities, and attractive aspects ; its 
 proximity to a refined civilization, educational advantages, 
 and markets, with the kindly disposition of its present pop- 
 ulation, — offers greater opportunity for the accomplishment 
 of the design of this Board, than any other tract visited, 
 in travel for six months, and over a distance of more than 
 twenty thousand miles, in Western and Southern States." 
 
 Negotiations were at once commenced for the purchase 
 of extensive tracts in Morgan, Scott, and Fentress coun- 
 ties ; during which Mr, Thomas Hughes, the well known 
 English author and philanthropist, and Mr. John Boyle, 
 barrister-at-law, of London, were so favorably impressed 
 with the objects of the Board, and the locality for settle- 
 ment, that they, with other English capitalists, entered into 
 co-operation with the Boston Board in their work ; the main 
 
 (5) 
 
object of which, however, owing to more prosperous times, 
 had partially disappeared. From this date the corporation, 
 under the presidency of Mr. Thomas Hughes, has operated 
 from London. 
 
 ■^ "^ 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MRS. HUGHES. 
 From Queen and Crescent Route's " Rambles for Summer Days." 
 
 On October 5th, 1880, the colony was formally opened by 
 Mr. Hughes, and named "Rugby," in honor of that gentle- 
 man's scholastic and literary connection with the Rugby in 
 England. A large number of American and English settlers 
 and visitors witnessed the day's interesting proceedings. 
 
The Board at once commenced and carried out a large 
 amount of useful work, and necessary and attractive im- 
 provements, and with the aid of settlers soon so changed 
 the face of nature that all could see the proposed colony 
 was to be a success. Among these improvements were — 
 the Tabard Hotel, the Newbury House, Vine and Pioneer 
 Cottages, besides many other necessary dwellings — the 
 turnpike road, a path to the meeting of the waters, etc., 
 etc. 
 
 It is unnecessary to go further into the past, or detail the 
 various difficulties so common, as to be almost the rule, to 
 new communities ; all of which difficulties, it is enough to 
 say, Rugby shared, and has well survived. 
 
 THE BOARD OF AID. 
 
 The Board of Aid to Land Ownership (Limited) is a 
 London company, owning 35,000 acres in Morgan, Scott, 
 and Fentress counties. We have above briefly described 
 its main object, but we would further say, towards allaying 
 a rather common impression that the Board exercises dis- 
 criminatory powers as to settlers and the conduct of par- 
 ticular affairs, that the company exercises no jurisdiction, 
 over and above that of any citizen. Any one is free to 
 come ; all are welcome. We mind not if it is the law-abid- 
 ing citizen of some other section of this country, or the 
 order-loving immigrant from across the water. Rugby 
 is not a " brotherhood " community, nor a sectarian 
 settlement. The objects of the Board are to dispose of 
 their lands, develop their investments, and take part gen- 
 erally with the residents in the progress of the colony. 
 (The local office of the Board is on Central Avenue, and 
 the Board's representative and attorney in fact is Mr. 
 
8 
 
 Robert Walton, who will most cheerfully give enquirers 
 and intending settlers the fullest particulars of the lands, 
 etc., for sale.) 
 
 THE .SOIL AND I'JS I'KODUCTS. 
 
 Colonel Ivillebrew, a late very able Commissioner of 
 Agriculture for Tennessee, says, in a carefully prepared 
 report of the soil and productions of this part of the 
 Plateau, that: " It is not claimed that the soil of Rugby, 
 or the Cumberland Plateau, is rich. On the contrary, it is 
 generally poor, or at most only of medium quality. It is a 
 rare thing in the United States to find rich soil, plenty of 
 timber, perfect healthfulncss and desirableness of climate, 
 cheap land, convenient markets, and easy access to means 
 of transportation, all combined. That Rugby possesses all 
 these essentials to a happy home, except rich soil, no one, 
 it is believed, will deny. It is equally true that the soil, 
 by proper culture and liandling, can be improved and made 
 to yield remunerative crops." 
 
 The Commissioner then divides the soil into five classes 
 as follows: ist. "Thin sandy soil" which " does not oc- 
 cui)y a large area." 2nd. " Sandy soil, light but deep," 
 growing the most succulent and nutritious grasses ; furnish- 
 ing a large amount of excellent pasturage." 3rd. "Sandy 
 soil, incumbent upon a mulatto clay. This, by reason of 
 its clayey foundation, which enables it to catch and preserve 
 fertilizing material, is the best of all upland soils of the 
 mountain, and covers by far the largest area, especially on 
 the lands belonging to the Rugby Colony." 4th. "The 
 alluvium along the water courses, which is black in color, 
 friable, and productive. The amount of this, however, is 
 inconsiderable." 5th. ".Glebe lands." 
 
"The most important, because, the most abundant 
 in quantity, is the third-class mentioned. Though com- 
 paratively thin and infertile, nothing is risked in saying that. 
 
 A BACHELOR S KITCHEN. 
 From Harper's Weekly. Copyright, 1880, by Harper & Brothers. 
 
 in original strength and productiveness, it is far superior to 
 any soils found in New England outside the valleys, and not 
 one-half the expense need be incurred in bringing it to a 
 
10 
 
 higher degree of fertility," for reasons that the Commissioner 
 goes fully into. 
 
 Grasses of all kinds grow well, but the Plateau is not os- 
 tensibly a corn or wheat country. With careful cultivation, 
 however, good crops may be obtained. Of vegetables 
 and all kinds of fruits, the very finest specimens and crops 
 are easily raised. The soil seems to be the natural home 
 of the potato, Irish and sweet. Grapes do well, as practi 
 cally shown in this county, at Wartburg and elsewhere. 
 Apples, peas, peaches, tomatoes, sorghum, strawberries, 
 etc., find a soil and climate at Rugby eminently suited to 
 profitable culture. For other and fuller particulars, we 
 would refer the enquirer to Colonel Killebrew's Report 
 published in Mr. Thomas Hughes, "Rugby, Tennessee," and 
 to be had of Mr. Geo. Munroe, 27 Vandewater street, New 
 York. The number of the book is 1041. 
 
 FRUIT AND THE GRAPE. 
 
 These are what we claim as the strong points of excel- 
 lence of the Plateau soil. The apple crop is sure, never 
 having been known to fail. Both early and late varieties 
 do well, but the winter apple is considered the best pro- 
 duct. It will command a price equal to Northern apples 
 in the Southern markets. The best varieties are Wine Sap, 
 Ben Davis, Rauls Jennette, Limbertwig, Northern Spy, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 The Plateau is the natural home of the wild summer 
 grape of the South (Southern yEstivalis), which is now much 
 in favor and so highly esteemed for its wine making qualities. 
 
 Mr. Letory's vineyard, of this family, at Wartburg, con- 
 taining Cynthiana, Norton's Virginia, Herbemont, and Her- 
 
11 
 
 man has proved a complete success. The wines he has 
 made from these varieties equal the best French wines 
 of the Bordeaux District. The Labrusca, wines made from 
 Concord, Catawba, and Isabella, by the German settlers at 
 Wartburg, have also established for themselves a more than 
 local fame. 
 
 At Rugby vineyards have been started on both these 
 different lines and with results so far extremely encouraging. 
 This place, which is free from both rot and mildew to a much 
 larger extent than the great Catawba regions of Ohio and 
 the North generally, promises, with the intelligence and 
 energy which are being shown in that direction to develop a 
 field which shall invite the attention of all wine growers 
 east of the foot hills of California. 
 
 While the Board of Aid prohibits the manufacturing of 
 liquors, it does not restrict wine making, but on the con- 
 trary will offer every encouragement for that purpose. 
 
 No one could desire better fruits or vegetables than we 
 have seen produced in the gardens of our residents ; 
 some splendid samples of which were exhibited at a late 
 Exposition at Cincinnati. 
 
 We must not omit to say that the lovers of foliage and 
 flowers will find the soil of Rugby quite a gardener's para- 
 dise, while the woods abound with botanical specimens dear 
 to every student. 
 
 CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 
 
 Of the climate of the section of the Plateau upon which 
 Rugby stands, taken as a whole, nothing but praise can be 
 expressed. While it is that of Tennessee, generally, it has 
 the great advantages of less heat in summer and less cold 
 in winter than usually experienced in other parts of the 
 
OUR ENGLISH MAIL. 
 From Harper's Weekly. Copyright, 1880, by Harper ct Brothers. 
 
 State. The plateau has a double climate, one resulting 
 from latitude and the other from elevation. Rugby is 1.410 
 feet above the sea level, and is in N. lat. T,ff 21', W. long. 
 84° 44'- The summer air is seldom close, being constantly 
 moved by gentle and refreshing breezes, while the nights are 
 delightfully cool compared with those of lower lands- 
 
13 
 
 Mosquitoes are rare, indeed, and bars at night quit6 
 unknown. 
 
 In winter the number of open, bright, days, is large, but 
 little snow usually falling, and when it does, remain- 
 ing upon the ground seldom longer than forty-eight or sixty 
 hours. We have a good share of rain, it must be admitted, 
 but the character of the soil is such that it is soon absorbed, 
 and the roads dry up. There would be no danger of a 
 flood should the doors of Heaven be opened for forty days 
 and forty nights, our two streams running some 200 feet 
 below the level of the town. 
 
 From observations made during 1883, the highest heat 
 registered was 94° Fahr., and the lowest cold, for a few hours, 
 upon one occasion, two degrees below zero. So low a 
 temperature is quite unusual upon the Plateau. The mean 
 temperature of the year was 55° Fahr. The rainfall during 
 the year was 56 inches. The last frost in spring was on April 
 27th., and the first frost in the fall, on November ist. 
 Reckoning the growing season for the various crops by the 
 number of days which elapse between the last and first 
 frosts of the year, we find'the season composed of 187 days. 
 See copy of meterological observations for 1883. 
 
 For general healthfulness the Cumberland Plateau has a 
 character that is quite proverbial The recent United 
 States Census shows it to be almost the only district, east of 
 the Rocky Mountains, entirely free from malarial, pulmon- 
 ary, and intestinal diseases. Instances are very numerous 
 where persons troubled with malarial fevers, and chest com- 
 plaints, contracted in other sections, have been entirely 
 cured by the fine climate of the Plateau, with a general 
 restoration of strength as agreeable as, in many cases, it was 
 
H 
 
 surprising. Several cases both of asthma and chronic hay- 
 fever have been permanently benefited by a residence 
 here. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 There is no sectional animosity, or hard feeling, or bitter 
 remembrance whatever among the people ; on the contrary, 
 Northerners are welcomed with open arms, and are living 
 upon the Plateau in hundreds. The war hatchet is buried 
 and lost past all recovery, so that no one need for a 
 moment entertain any "shot-gun policy." 
 
 RUGBY TOWN SITE. 
 
 The Rugby site is very picturesque and striking, oc- 
 cupying broad ridges at a point near the junction of two 
 mountain streams — the Clear Fork and the White Oak. 
 The roads are cut out of the forest, but not laid down upon 
 the right-angle plan of American cities. The road system 
 is a compromise between that of the cities of this country 
 and England. Central Avenue, running east to west, about 
 equally divides the town plot ; and right and left out of it, 
 somewhat circuitously, run other streets, many of them 
 named after English localities, familiar to the Hughes fam- 
 ily, while others take names from local surroundings. Many 
 of the streets at present are upon paper only, but of Central 
 Avenue any town might well be proud, wide and regular 
 as it is, and shaded by noble forest trees. 
 
 CHURCH AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 Christ Church on Central Avenue, is a large and quite 
 a handsome frame building, surmounted with a neat belfry, 
 from which on Sunday morning and evening a good-toned 
 
^5 
 
 bell peals over the surrounding forest. The building, com- 
 pleted in 1 88 1, cost nearly ^5,000. The services are held 
 upstairs in a lofty, spacious room, seating about 200 peo- 
 ple. It is furnished with a fine organ, a presentation 
 bible, chairs, reading table, desk, communion table, etc., 
 and a small vestry. A handsome chandelier has been 
 recently erected. 
 
 The Sunday morning service is that of the American 
 Episcopal Church, which is identical with the English Na- 
 tional Church. In the evening a Union service is held ; 
 Rev. J. H. Blacklock officiating upon both occasions. 
 
 The hope expressed by Mr. Hughes, at the opening of 
 the colony, that Christians of different doctrinal views 
 would be enabled to meet for worship in one building, upon 
 a common platform of essentials, has been largely realized. 
 
 A very successful " Union " Sunday School is held up- 
 stairs every Sunday afternoon, with Mr. Tucker as Super- 
 intendent, assisted by an excellent staff of teachers. The 
 average attendance is about forty. 
 
 The public school rooms are in the lower part of the 
 Church building, and are roomy, light, and comfortable, and 
 fitted with desks, maps, etc. School mistress, Miss Wells. 
 The school is open all the year round, with the ex- 
 ception of the summer vacation, and is managed by the 
 Rugby School Board. •* 
 
 It is also proposed to open a school for boys, in affiliation 
 with the University of the South, at Sewanee. The use of 
 a suitable building and ample ground attached has been 
 given for five years by the Board of Aid. Subscriptions 
 for the outfit of furniture have been received in the East- 
 ern cities, and contributions in money or land are needed 
 
i6 
 
 toward establishing an endowment fund. The name is to 
 be the Arnold School, and the Head Master, the Rev. J. 
 H. Blacklock, A. C. P. Mr. Blacklock is a man whose 
 success as a teacher is a guarantee that the students placed 
 under his care will receive a thorough, sound, and scholarly 
 education. The curriculum will be comprehensive, and 
 the advantages of the physical situation need hardly be 
 pointed out. We bespeak for the school a hearty patron- 
 age. The Easter Term will begin January 1885. 
 
 THE HUGHES PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 The Hughes Free Public Library, an engraving of which 
 appears on the opposite page, is on Central Avenue, and 
 justly esteemed the "lion " of the place. This valuable 
 acquisition of 6,000 volumes was presented to the town by 
 the publishers of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, 
 " as a token of respect for Thomas Hughes." It is only 
 just to say that the originator and promoter of the noble 
 work was Mr. Dana Estes, of Boston. The foundation 
 stone was laid by Mrs. Hughes, the venerable mother of 
 Mr. Thomas Hughes, on June 5th, 1882, and on Oct. 5th, 
 of the same year, the library was declared open to the 
 public. The building is well and very completel}' fitted up, 
 and altogether forms quite a bijou or pocket library. The 
 total cost of the building was between two and three thou- 
 sand dollars, defrayed by local and general subscriptions. 
 The library is open upon the afternoons of Tuesdays and 
 Saturda}'s and Thursday evening, and is free to all residents 
 and visitors of Rugby. The Librarian is Mrs. Percival. 
 
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17 
 
 HOTEL. 
 
 Rugby has an excellent hotel. The Tabard, named 
 from the old Tabard Inn in Southwark, London, from 
 whence Chaucer's imagination conducted a party of pilgrims 
 to the shrine of St. Thomas a'Becket, at Canterbury, stands 
 in a commanding position overlooking the woods upon both 
 sides of the Clear Fork river. It is a large and attractive 
 building, with double verandas running around three sides 
 of the house. Standing within four or five acres of grass, 
 cropped by pet deer, making what is called, somewhat eu- 
 phuistically, perhaps, a "deer park," the hotel, the scenery, 
 and the general and genial surroundings strike the observer 
 as being very far above the average of pleasant country 
 resorts. It is almost unnecessary to say that the Tabard 
 is a first-class and most comfortable hotel. The proprietor 
 is Mr. C. W. Jefferson. 
 
 An interesting relic of the elder Tabard Inn, over in 
 Southwark, is carefully preserved at the Board office on 
 Central Avenue. It is one of the original banisters of the 
 staircase of that " gentil hostelrye, that highte the Tabard." 
 This chip from the Middle Ages might well form the begin- 
 ning of a local museum. It was presented to the colony 
 by Dr. C. R. Agnew, of New York. 
 
 STORES. 
 
 There are three general stores and a drug store in the 
 colony. The oldest, known as the " Commissary," a name 
 which clings to it from the days when the Board sought to 
 provide the early comers with all requirements, is on Cen- 
 tral Avenue. It is a very commodious building, and full 
 of a most varied and extensive stock. It is now the pro- 
 
" THE TABARD " HOTEL. 
 From Harper's Weekly. Copyright, 1880, by Harper & Brothers, 
 
19 
 
 perty of a joint stock company, and does a large ' trade.' 
 being well known for many miles around — Manager, Mr. 
 N. H. Tucker. A picture of the old Commissary and post 
 office from which the present handsome premises sprung is 
 found on the front cover. 
 
 Lower down is the feed and provision store of Messrs. 
 Lumley and Mallory, where nearly everything that will 
 support life can be purchased. The supply of feed is quite 
 an extensive business. The owners make every effort to 
 supply the wants of their new and growing connection, and 
 by the success already obtained bid fair to hold a first place 
 among the merchants of this section. 
 
 Upon the other side of the street is the store of Mr. 
 Landon Rich, an old and well known resident of the 
 plateau. He commands a good share of patronage. 
 
 THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 Tho post office is in the Commissary building. Mr. N. 
 H. Tucker, Postmaster. The mails for the North are sent 
 out at 7 a.m., and for the South at 3 p.m. There i.s also a 
 mail to and from the counties directly west of Rugby and 
 Morgan ..County, arriving and departing at noon daily. 
 Mails arrive twice a day, at 1 1 a.m. and 7 p.m. 
 
 MEDICAL MEN, AGENCIES, ETC. 
 
 The medical profession is well represented by Dr. C. F. 
 Kemp and Dr. A. Jones, both gentlemen of experience 
 and skill. Mr. Charles Skene, has a real estate ofifice on 
 Newbury Road, and knowing the country and the people 
 well, is the man a new comer would always do well to con- 
 sult, either in the way of advice or business negotiation. He 
 has a list of very eligible property, consisting of houses 
 
20 
 
 town lots, farms, timber, and cattle lands, it would pay a 
 prospector to well look over. 
 
 Mr. Otis Brown represents the Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company, and the Continental Fire Insurance Office, of 
 New York city. 
 
 Mrs. Lumley, on Donnington Road, has classes for 
 instruction in French, German, Italian, and Spanish. 
 
 THE STABLES. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin's stables, on Donnington Road, have some 
 good riding and driving horses. He can also fit out com- 
 fortable buggies and wagons. As the proprietor of the 
 hack line between Rugby and Rugby Road Station, Mr. 
 Baldwin carries the mails, and conveys travellers to and 
 from the railway station, making two trips daily, at 7 a.m. 
 and 3 p.m. His residence is on Central Avenue, where he 
 has recently started a feed business. 
 
 THE GARDENS. 
 
 The gardens, an illustration of which is on the opposite 
 page, are now owned by Mr. C. P. Dixon. 
 
 These gardens have quite a notoriety, owing to their 
 being first cultivated with the object of instructing settlers 
 as to the products suitable to the plateau. Our picture 
 shows a somewhat too ideal state of affairs, for the days 
 when it was engraved, but visitors and residents have been 
 more than satisfied with the excellent specimens and crops 
 produced. 
 
 BUILDERS, PAINTERS, BLACKSMITH, ETC. 
 
 Among the businesses in Rugby should be mentioned 
 those of Mr. F. Taylor, Mr. Onderdonk, Mr. Wells, and Mr. 
 Riddell, builders and contractors ; Mr. Berry, painter and 
 
SNaaavo aHX 
 
21 
 
 decorator ; Mr. Dimling, blacksmith ; Mr. York, photo- 
 grapher ; Mr. F. Moore and Mr. Dorehill, general con- 
 tractors ; Mr. A. Blacklock, Mr. Frasher, and Mr. Laven- 
 der, haulers and teamsters, and Mr. Dyer, Mr. Fletcher, 
 and Mr. T. Taylor, gardeners. 
 
 THE NEWSPAPER. 
 
 The Rugby Gazette, published every Thursday, is a live 
 and energetic recorder of all that passes of a public inter- 
 est to Rugbeians, and the very wide circle of outside read- 
 ers interested in the doings and the welfare of the colony. 
 Not only as a collector of news, and the advocate of Rugby 
 interests, the Rugby Gazette seeks, and with some success, 
 to bring before the public the resources of the great Cum- 
 berland Plateau, and its advantages to home-seekers. 
 
 SALOONS. 
 
 There are no saloons in Rugby, and the traffic in intoxi- 
 cating liquors is absolutely prohibited. This desirable end 
 is obtained by two means, ist. The Four- Mile Law of 
 Tennessee, which prohibits the sale of liquors within four 
 miles of a public school, in a non-incorporated town. 2d. 
 The Board of Aid, by a restrictive clause in all original 
 deeds, which is binding upon all subsequent purchasers of 
 property. 
 
 THE CEMETERY. 
 
 The Cemetery is about half a mile north of town, and 
 beautifully situated on a hillside. It was consecrated two 
 years ago by Bishop Quintard. 
 
 THE CANNING COMPANY. 
 
 The Rugby Canning Company was organized in 1883, 
 meeting with quite a cordial support from many of Rug- 
 
22 
 
 by's most reliable supporters. An admirable building was 
 secured, and adapted to the purposes of the business, and 
 fitted with the necessary and most complete machinery. 
 The company are sanguine that the soil and the locality, 
 and the room there is in this section of the South for the 
 industry, will in time, build up a prosperous manufactory. 
 
 THE TELEPHONE. 
 
 That great modern convenience, the telephone, has re- 
 cently been erected by the Board of Aid, between Rugby 
 Road railway station and their office on Central Avenue. 
 Thus visitors and residents can communicate with any part 
 of the country, arrangements having been made with the 
 Western Union Telegraph Company to have messages 
 sent on at once from Rugb\- Road to the colony, or any 
 point desired. 
 
 THE RAILWAY STATION, ETC. 
 
 Rugb\' Road, the station for Rugby, is seven miles from 
 the village, and on the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, also 
 known as the Queen and Crescent Route. This is one of 
 the finest lines in the country, and has been the one agency 
 towards the development of the great and important dis- 
 trict it intersects. Running from the Ohio River to the 
 Gulf of Mexico, in a bee line, it will at once be seen how 
 grand and important an artery of communication it is. 
 Persons wishing to know more of the line, and the man}' 
 places of interest along its route, should send to Mr. E. P. 
 Wilson, of Cincinnati, for the company's book, "Rambles 
 for Summer Da)s." 
 
 Rugby Road, where passengers alight for the colony, is 
 221 miles from Cincinnati, and 1 14 miles from Chattanooga. 
 
HMid Asona aHX no awaos 
 
It is a telegraph station and an office of the Adams Ex- 
 press Company. The station agent is Mr. H. A. Haines. 
 
 Although a somewhat unpromising looking place, Rug- 
 by Road does quite a large freight business, serving Rugby 
 and a very extensive country beyond. A good pottery 
 clay is found here, and when once developed and worked, 
 cannot but originate a most lucrative manufactory. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin's pair-horse hack meets the morning and 
 evening trains for travelers and the mail to Rugby. The 
 ride to the settlement is quite one of the features of a visit 
 to the Plateau. The road was early built by the Board of 
 Aid, under the directions of Mr. R. Walton, C. E., and is a 
 well-executed and graded piece of work, with an excellent 
 bridge over the picturesque White Oak stream at the foot 
 of Rugby hill. For a dirt road, it is considered the best in 
 Tennessee, or perhaps any other Southern State. The 
 greater part of the country, right and left, is an unbroken 
 forest, with here and there a clearing, and the residence of 
 some pioneer of civilization. The telephone poles and 
 wire along the roadside, however, suggest communication 
 with the world outside. 
 
 LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Among local institutions not previously named, we 
 should mention the Masonic Lodge, meeting in their large 
 room over the Commissary, and in a very flourishing con- 
 dition. The School Board, too, composed of six ladies 
 and gentlemen, meeting every fortnight, and well looking 
 after the efficiency of the public school. 
 
 LAND TITLES. 
 
 Titles are absolutely secured, the Board of Aid, in addi- 
 tion to sparing no trouble or expense in procuring good 
 
deeds, guaranteeing every purchaser complete security in 
 his holding. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The resident population of Rugby is between two hun- 
 dred and three hundred, with a large number of persons 
 residing just beyond the boundaries of the settlement, who, 
 however, use it as their social and market center. The 
 population is somewhat fluctuating, owing to the numerous 
 visitors during the summer months. 
 
 RUGBY HOMES. 
 
 The houses of the residents, a visitor will at once notice, 
 are not the ephemeral buildings too generally "run up" in 
 the rush attending new settlements, but, with few excep- 
 tions, are very substantial, roomy, and elegant, and sur- 
 rounded by well tended lawns and gardens, and the little 
 rural knick-knacks the lover of home influences is ever apt 
 to devise. We must be excused mentioning names, from 
 fear of a shadow of invidiousness, but (q\v communities of 
 the size of Rugby can show so much assistance given to 
 Nature by Art. 
 
 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION. 
 
 The Rugbeians, remembering that "all work and no play 
 makes Jack a dull boy," have not neglected to supply some 
 of the means of entertainment — and natural surroundings 
 have well seconded their eflbrts — every one at times requires. 
 
 The Lawn Tennis Club have excellent grounds on Aller- 
 ton road — grounds almost as famous and as well known as 
 the Coliseum at Rome. We all know how the early te- 
 diousness of tree-felling and land-clearing was relieved by 
 occasional lawn tennis. The game is well maintained by 
 
■ASOA ^vano NO 'miw s.Mona 
 
^5 
 
 the present members, who have at home, and in neighbor- 
 ing cities, quite a reputation for skill and expertness. 
 
 The Rugby Social Club have been very successful in se- 
 curing local talent and support, and at their weekly meet- 
 ings have many interesting and entertaining hours. They 
 occasionally give public dramatic entertainments, when full 
 houses attest full appreciation. 
 
 The Rugby Cornel: Band, composed of some ten or 
 eleven gentlemen, has well maintained its position, acquir- 
 ing quite a reputation for musical ability, adding much to 
 the enjoyment of private and public occasions. 
 
 The bathing facilities afforded by the Clear Fork stream 
 are excellent and much appreciated. There is also, occa- 
 sionally, some good fishing in both rivers, but for fear of 
 relating "fish stories" and losing our reputation for veraci- 
 ty, we forbear telling all we have heard. 
 
 Hunting and shooting are largely followed, deer, turkeys, 
 quail, and squirrels, in their respective seasons, being quite 
 plentiful. 
 
 The public school recreation ground, on Jackson street, 
 neatly fenced, and fitted with swings, vaulting bars, strides, 
 &c., all presented by the kind thoughtfulness of Mrs. 
 Hughes, to the children attending the school, is a safe and 
 a happy resort of the younger Rugbeians. 
 
 In the woods around Rugby are opportunities for study- 
 ing geology, botany, entomology, zoology, and, in fact, all 
 the ologies few other places can more abundantly give ; 
 and a student of specimens can, during a summer's visit, 
 collect a very rich cabinet. 
 
 Finally, the walks and drives around Rugby, with the 
 quiet and, to most people, the novel scenes of primeval 
 
26 
 
 forest life, touched by distant peeps of mountain ranges, 
 and the near tumbling, or smooth-flowing streams, all give 
 an ever-recreative strength to mind and body. 
 
 buck's mill, meeting of the waters, and beacon hill. 
 
 The attractions of the Clear Fork stream, with its rush- 
 ing waters, o'erhanging foliage of oaks, pines, hemlocks, 
 kalmias, magnolias, and rhododendrons, innumerable ferns, 
 mosses, and creepers, growing in wild confusion among the 
 rocks, and looking down from bluffs two hundred feet 
 above, are such as never to tire the lover of Nature in her 
 various moods of frowning countenance or smiling features. 
 At the opening of the colony the Board cut out an excel 
 lent path along the banks, half way down the rocks, from 
 an entrance opposite the Tabard, right away, past the bath- 
 ing pool, the picturesque old grist-mill, called Buck's Mill, 
 and the broken waterfall, and on around the high o'erhang- 
 ing rocks, where the Clear Fork is joined by the White 
 Oak stream, and henceforth becomes one river, and runs on 
 to New River and the Cumberland River. The view at 
 this point, which is somewhat represented by our engrav- 
 ings, is very beautiful, the water flowing smoothly, and in 
 even banks, running high to right and left, a very gem of a 
 mountain lake. Paddling about or fishing from one of the 
 homely boats, generally to be found moored under the 
 rocks, is very enjoyable. The walk may be continued by 
 taking the winding path to the top of the bluff, or up the 
 rustic staircase, and back to Rugby through the woods, the 
 field of dead trees, and past the cemetery. Another walk 
 is around Beacon Hill, just off Central Avenue. This is a 
 fine site for building. Going north from the hill, along 
 
THE MEETING UF THE WATERS, 
 from Harper's Weekly. Copyright, 1880, by Harper & Brothers, 
 
28 
 
 Cumberland Avenue and Offler street, Mr. Thomas Hughes' 
 large fruit and vegetable gardens are reached, most admira- 
 bly cared for by Mr. Dyer. 
 
 NEIGHBORING VILLAGES. 
 
 EAST RUGBY. 
 
 East Rugby, on the Huntsville road, about one and a 
 half miles northeast of the church, may be reached by a 
 very pleasant walk or drive through the woods, and a steep 
 dip into the valley, through which the White Oak winds. 
 Here are the Board of Aid steam saw-mills, under the care 
 of Mr. S. H. Giles. Across the river, high on the hill-top, 
 we can see Mr. Wood's house and a portion of his farm. 
 Colonel Isaac Riseden and his two sons own a considerable 
 quantity of land here, the former gentleman well cultivat- 
 ing a very rich piece of land. During the first days of 
 Rugby, many of the gentlemen early on the ground found 
 a very hospitable home for a number of weeks beneath 
 the Colonel's roof. A colored Sunday-school, in connec- 
 tion with the Rugby Sunday-school, has recently been es- 
 tablished here, and promises to be quite successful. 
 
 Himtsville, the county seat of Scott county, is fourteen 
 miles from Rugby, by a truly forest road, as rough in some 
 places as the veriest mountaineer could desire. The pop- 
 ulation of the village is small, but a good deal of legal busi- 
 ness is done every four months by its resident and visiting 
 lawyers. » 
 
 Robbins, a railway station two miles north of Rugby 
 Road, originally the station for Rugby, does a large lum- 
 
29 
 
 ber trade, the timber being brought down by a narrow- 
 gauge railway running fifteen miles up the Brimstone valley. 
 
 Glen Mary, on the railroad, seven miles from Rugby, is 
 widely known as a coal-mining village. The Glen Mary 
 Coal and Coke Company are successfully working very ex- 
 tensive seams upon lands purchased of the Board of Aid, 
 about four years since. 
 
 Sunbright, situated in a picturesque valley, is the station 
 below Glen Mary. West of the village are some eligible 
 lands belonging to the Board of Aid. The population is 
 about 200, and there are two hotels, six stores, and a news- 
 paper. 
 
 Wartburg, the county seat, by road is a fine but rather 
 rough drive of 30 miles. The station for the town is 
 Lancing, where a hack meets the train to convey travelers 
 the intervening four miles. Wartburg is a very pretty 
 mountain town and widely known for its fruits and grapes. 
 Mr. Letory, a gentleman of means and great intelligence, 
 has a very fine farm close by, upon which he has demon- 
 strated that grapes, equal to those of France and Spain, 
 may be successfully cultivated. There is considerable legal 
 business done here,, md the county officials are courteous 
 and capable men. 
 
 About three miles east of Glen Mary, near the head of 
 Wolf Valley, a very rich and fertile district, is an extensive 
 tract of coal and timber land, with a considerable extent 
 cleared and cultivated. This farm is known as Brandau 
 Place, and is owned by a number of gentlemen, principally 
 Rugbeians. Some magnificent views are obtained from 
 Griffith's Mount and other points in this neighborhood, 
 making a drive to Brandau Place a delightful outing. 
 
30 
 
 Skene, about seven miles southwest of Rugby, is quite 
 a settlement of Tennessee and Northern men, with many 
 farms being most energetically cultivated. Mount Vernon 
 Church, a widely known religious edifice, is a quaint log 
 building very picturesquely set on a hill among oaks and 
 pines, about two miles this side of the settlement. 
 
 West Rugby, just beyond the town plot, on the James- 
 town road, must not be omitted in our description of Rugby 
 surroundings, as here are the well tended fields and hos- 
 pitable homestead of Mr. Blacklock, who, besides being a 
 gentleman filling several local offices, has, for the past four 
 years, conducted the Episcopalian and Union services in 
 Christ Church, giving a very substantial and appreciated 
 aid to the settlement. 
 
 There are other small settlements in the neighboring 
 country well worth a visit. Across the Brewster ford, a 
 lovely and romantic bit of nature, Fentress County is 
 reached. Here, too, the sun of progress has arisen, as seen 
 in the young but vigorous German-American settlement of 
 Allardt, where quite a number of Northern men and emi- 
 grants from Germany are clearing and making homes in the 
 forest. A delightful trip may be made by driving to this 
 village, and on to Buffalo Cove, and the immense cave be- 
 neath it, with a view of the cove, over the tree tops and rich 
 farms hundreds of feet below, not easily to be equalled 
 off the Plateau. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 There can be no conclusion to the subject of our hand- 
 book, for the young Rugby of 1880 is daily growing in 
 strength, beauty, and intelligence ; slowly, perhaps, but 
 
31 
 
 surely, putting on the dress and ways of the older world 
 outside ; to hold in the future, let us hope, a position pic- 
 tured and prayed for by its parents and god-parents. Our 
 written work has, however, come to an end. While know- 
 ing it to possess many shortcomings, we feel that we have 
 honestly endeavored to convey to the sincere enquirer some 
 just estimate of our subject. Do not, however, let us en- 
 tirely judge for you, but come and judge for yourselves. 
 
32 
 
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 TEMPERATURE 
 
 A N D 
 
 RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 AT 
 
 Rugby, Tenn., for 1883. 
 
 TXaiOI^j&.S IF'.^I^XSOiT, OTsser-wo*. 
 
 <s 3 
 
 M a C Wi > «H <Lh g s» g hrj «-( 
 «« S"^W^3^:::i ^ a-3 
 
 Oi C:- 00 Qo GO -:£> 'X to 00 -;J ^1 ^- 
 
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 en en en en o> Cn 
 
 iL4-4COi4^bo*atococ^tcer«ao 
 
 toacc;icj»cnoien»**.rfi»-tcwtc 
 
 O^ Ol I— 1 to 1:0 O "X* CO CO ^ •— ' CJ ' 
 
 
 l-O CO 01 C?i L>i' U* *^ 'CC ^n .f- O '-" 
 
 I<i!p».OiCnc5CO(X>oct>o-at-'o 
 
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 K-* oi en ec CO ^ — t-c- 00 ci io b-- 
 
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 •saqouj 
 
 JO 
 93l!.l3AV 
 
At Rugby, Tenn., for 1884. 
 
 C. ONDERDONK, OBSERVER. 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June (18th to 30th 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Year 1884 
 
 THER^rOMETERS. 
 
 Monthly Means. 
 
 Max. 
 
 37.1 
 54.2 
 56.6 
 63.4 
 80.2 
 85.8 
 82.5 
 81.8 
 79 8 
 72.5 
 57.2 
 47.5 
 
 Min. 
 
 14.8 
 32.0 
 32.4 
 37.2 
 47.3 
 58.8 
 58.2 
 53.7 
 53.2 
 46.6 
 30.6 
 30.4 
 
 Mean. 
 
 25.9 
 42.9 
 44.3 
 50.3 
 63.8 
 72.3 
 70.4 
 67.8 
 66.5 
 59.5 
 43.9 
 38.9 
 
 53.8 
 
 Hygrometer 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 Dry 
 Bulb. 
 
 39.0 
 52.5 
 52.5 
 48.3 
 
 76.4 
 75.2 
 71.6 
 70.3 
 62.0 
 46.1 
 42.0 
 
 Wet 
 Bulb. 
 
 37.8 
 51. H 
 49.6 
 46.8 
 
 71.1 
 71.9 
 67.4 
 97.0 
 57.9 
 41.9 
 40.8 
 
 Rainfall. 
 
 Inches 
 
 Aver- 
 age of 
 
 State. 
 
 6.47 
 9.47 
 7.12 
 4.93 
 3.00 
 2.41 
 5.14 
 3.92 
 0.70 
 2.77 
 1.58 
 5.40 
 
 52.91 53.72 
 
 9.49 
 4.68 
 5.71 
 6.41 
 3.29 
 4.78 
 5.27 
 4.03 
 3.17 
 2.98 
 4.27 
 4.19 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Rugby, Morgan County, Tenn., is in N. Lat. 36° 21^, W. Long. 84° 44^. 
 Instruments used : a Si.xe max. and min. thermometer, wet and dry bulb, 
 and rain-gauge, all by A. S. Aloe & Co. St. Louis. Elevation, 1,410. Mr. 
 T. Fardon was observer to May 30th, and Mr. C. Onderdonk took charge 
 .June ISth, since which time not a single day's observation has been lost. 
 Maximum of the vear, 02°, on .lulv 25. iVLiniinum of year, — 16°, on .Ian. 6. 
 Last frost of si)ring, 31°, on Apri'l 25. First fmst of fall, 27° on Oct. 16. 
 Observations taken at 6 p. ^r. daily. The wet and dry bulb observations 
 were omitted for temi)eratures below freezing. Oltservations of 1884 
 charted and coMii)Uted in tlie office of the Board of .Vid to I^and Owner- 
 ship (Limited) by C. H. Wilson, Assistant Surveyor to the Board, 
 
Rugby 
 
 Stables. 
 
 WILLIAM BALDWIN, Proprietor. 
 
 Horses and Buggies for Hire 
 
 HACK MEETS TRAINS AT RUGBY ROAD STATION 
 
 Twice on week days, all through the year, and on 
 
 Sundays during the months ot July, August, 
 
 and September, to convey 
 
 PASSEmERS Am MAILS TO RUGBY. 
 
Ql-|E/\^p- P/\Rr-|l[x!G • |jA[NlDS 
 
 ox THE 
 
 BOARD OF AID ESTATE 
 
 ON THE 
 
 CUMBERLAND PLATEAU. 
 
 COMPARATIVE ELEVATION. 
 
 CINCINNATI, 550 Feet above Sea Level. 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, 685 Feet above Sea Level. 
 
 KUGBY, ..---. i,4lo Feet above Sea Level. 
 
 TJie Bocifd of Aid Estate, centralltf situated on this Plateati, eonsistft of 
 
 35,000 Acres of Gi'azinf/, Favinina, Emit Raisiuij, 
 
 and Vine Gfowin.y Lands. 
 
 It skirts ten miles of frontage on the Cincinnati Soutliern R. K., and has five 
 depots located on it. 
 
 The titles are amons the oldest and be.^t in Tennessee anil ha oc been leiinUy 
 tented and proved by the Board. 
 
 The lands enumerated below are being offered in tracts suitable to all pur- 
 chasers at LOW FIGURES and with deferred payments. 
 
 Board lands on the Cincinnati Southern R. R., west of Glen Mary Station. 
 About 3,000 acres of very desirable land fronting on the Cincinnati Southern 
 R. R., is here laid out in 100 acre farms. No farm is more than three miles from 
 cither Sunbright or Glen Mary Depots ; to the latter are adjacent the Crook Coal 
 Mines, employing 200 men and with an output of twelve car loads per day. 
 <jrlen Mary has 200 inhabitants, three stores, telegraph station, and post-office, and 
 is stopped at by all trains — four passenger and four freight daily. Good and 
 ready market, with best shipping facilities for either agricultural produce or 
 timber and tanbark. 
 
 Also, several fine tracts of land fronting and lying on the east side of the Cin- 
 cinnati Southern R. R., and half a mile south of Glen Mary. 
 
 Board Lands on the Cincinnati Southern R. R., west of Sunbright. These 
 lands lie directly south of the above and are close to the thriving town of Sun- 
 bright, with 200 inhabitants, two hotels, Masonic Lodge, six stores, and post-office. 
 They are well watered and timbered, and have excellent market, shipping, and 
 especially lumbering facilities. 
 
 The Rugby Lands comprise several tracts lying west of Rugby, in Morgan and 
 Fentress counties, as well as all their territory between Rugby and Rugby Road 
 and Robbin's Depots on the Cincinnati Southern R. R. These lands are traversed 
 by the Rugby Pike, a graded road, seven miles long and pronounced the best dirt 
 road in Tennessee, and are, on account of the superior communications, as acces- 
 sible to the railroad as the less remnte lands of the Board. They are situated on 
 the direct and in winter, only line of traffic from Cincinnati Southern R. R. to 
 Jamestown Livingston, Celina, and Byrdstown. respectively the county seats of 
 Eentress, Overton, Clay, and Pickett counties. 
 
RUGBY. 
 
 /^HE town i8 beautifully laid out and ])icturesquely situated 
 between the gorges (jf Clear Fork River and White Oak 
 Creek The streets are clean and dry, and invalids will find no 
 difficulty in taking exercise, even in the worst winter weather. 
 They ai-e bordered by, for the most part, good houses, standing 
 in well kept, neatly fenced gardens, and by several very attract- 
 ive villa residences. Several bored wells strike mineral waters 
 containing sulphur and iron constitueuts, which are highly 
 esteemed. Choice l)uildiug lots are ncjw being o9erd at very 
 reasonable prices ; also, small tracts on the town .site suitable 
 for viujeyards. 
 
 The site of RiTgby Road is laid out in town lots and the 
 Board is prepared to offer lil)eral inducements to j^ersons settling 
 thei-c for manufacturing or business purposes. 
 
 The Board have arrangements with tlie Cincinnati Southern 
 R R. by which they can furnish settlers with }'edueed rate cer- 
 tificates from Cincinnati and Chattanooga to Rugby Road, on 
 api)lication to the undersigned. Maps and plans can be .seen 
 at the Board's Office on Central Avenue. Intending Settlers 
 will be mo.st liberally dealt wdth, and any information cheerfully 
 given by the Board's Agent — 
 
 ROBERT WALTON. 
 
 RUGBY, MORGAN COUNTY, TENN. 
 
Rugby Commissary 
 
 FURNISHES FOR TIIF. 
 
 People of Rugby 
 
 AND VICINITY A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 MERCHANDISE 
 
 OF NEARLY EVERY DESCRIPTION AT 
 
 iiO"WEsa7 nyn.A.:RK:ET frioes. 
 
 A Full Supply of- 
 
 J)rsy and F^an^y Good^, 
 
 LADIES', GENTS', AND CHILDREN'S 
 
 ^ooti^ ansl %\p^'s^ of all ^rade*^. 
 
 A FINE ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 CLOTHING AND HATS FOR ALL AGES, 
 
 Crockery and Glassware, Hardware and Farming 
 Implements, Woodware, Tinware, &.c. 
 
 WHICH TOGETHER WITH A FULL LINE OF 
 
 Makes tlie largest and best assortment to be found on the 
 Cu niberland M( )untai 1 1 . 
 
 N. H. TUCKER, Manager. 
 
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