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REDFIELD'S 
 
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 TRAVELER'S GUIDE 
 
 CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 With a Map. 
 
 
 "^vTash; 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 J. S. REDFIELB, PUBLISHER 
 
 140 FULTON STREET 
 
 1871. 
 
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 Entered, according to Act of Congres?, in the year 1S71, by 
 
 J. S. REDFIELD, 
 In the OflBco of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 Ml 
 
 o\-m'i3 
 
 E. O, Jenkins, Printer, 20 North William Street, New York. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 A stranger who visits a metropolitan city for the first 
 time, naturally feels no little anxiety as to how he shall 
 avoid being surrounded by the land-sharks who will beset 
 him on his arrival, and dog his footsteps in the city, if 
 he should manifest the least evidence of being a stran- 
 ger. He will also desire to know something of the com- 
 parative expense of living at the diflferent hotels, boarding- 
 houses, lodging-houses and restaurants, and where to find 
 them. He will want to know where to find the princi- 
 pal churches, and where to look for the diflferent places 
 of amusement, the jDrices of admission, and how to reach 
 them ; where the public buildings worth seeing are lo- 
 cated and the best way to get to them ; where to look for 
 picture galleries, libraries, colleges, public institutions, 
 cemeteries, &c., &c., and where he shall find the finest 
 drives around the city. 
 
 If he should be going abroad he will need all the in- 
 formation he can get about the different lines of steam- 
 ers, and their rates of passage, letters of credit, pass- 
 ports, etc., etc., and all this information, and a great deal 
 more, it is the purpose of this little book to give, in the 
 most condensed manner, and at an inconsiderable cost. 
 
NOTICE 
 
 In collecting the various details of information con- 
 tained in this little book, some imperfections and inac- 
 curacies may be discovered when printed. New editions 
 will be printed from time to time as they may be called 
 for, and in every new edition corrections and additions 
 will be made with the view of keeping it up with its 
 date. The Publisher will be obliged therefore to any 
 one who will peint out errors or suggest improvements. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Chapter I. — Preliminary Suggestions —1. Baggage Express 
 2. Carritiges. 3. Public porters. 4. Horse-car routes. 5. 
 Omnibus routes. 6. Ferries. 7. Location of Piers. 8. 
 Hotels. 9. Restaurants. 10. Boarding and Lodging-houses. 
 11. Table of distances in the city. 12. Telegraph offices. 
 
 Chapter II. — Description of the City. — 1. Description of the 
 city and harbor. 2. Historical sketch of the city. 3. San- 
 itary provisions. 4. Population — present and past. 
 
 Chapter lll.—Impromments in Progress. — 1. Improvements 
 in Docks. 2. The Viaduct Railway. 3. The Brooklyn Bridge. 
 
 4. Union Railroad Passenger Depot. 
 
 Chapter lY.— Public Parks and Squares. — 1. Central Park. 
 
 2. The Battery. 3. The Bowling Green. 4. City Hall 
 Park. 5. Washington Square. 6. Tompkins Square, 7. 
 Union Square. 8. Madison Square. 9. Mount Morris 
 Square. 
 
 Chapter v.— Pu6?4C Buildings.— \. Trinity Church. 2. The 
 Post Office. 3, U. S. Treasury Building. 4. Custom House. 
 
 5. The City Hall. 6. The New Court House. V. The Coop- 
 er Institute. 8. The National Academy of Design. 9. The 
 Y. M. C. A. Building. 
 
 Chapter Y1.— Public Wo?'Jcs.—l. The Croton Aqueduct. 2. 
 The Old Receiving Reservoir. 3. The New Receiving Res- 
 ervoir. The Distributing Reservoir. 
 
 Chapter Yll.— Notable Streets and Sights.— I. Broadway 
 
 3. Wall street. 3. Fifth avenue. 4. The Bowery. 5. The 
 Five Points. 
 
 Chapter YUl.— Places of Amusement.— I. Booth's Theatre. 
 2. The Grand Opera House. The Academy of Music. 4. 
 WaUack's. 5. Fifth Avenue Theatre. 6. Fourteenth Street 
 Theatre. 7. Olympic. 8. The Globe. 9. Niblo's Garden. 
 10. Wood's Museum. 11. The Bowery Theatre. 12. The 
 Stadt Theatre. 13. Union Square Theatre. 14. Lent's 
 Circus. 
 
6 CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter IX. — Drives. — 1. To Jerome Park. 2. To Kings- 
 bridge. 3. To Fordham. 4, To Greenwood Cemetery. 5. 
 To Coney Island. 6. To Staten Island. 
 
 Chapteu X. — Public Markets. 
 
 Chapter XI. — Public Libraries.— \. The Astor Library. 2. 
 The Mercantile Library, 3, The N. Y. Society Library. 
 
 4. Library of the N. Y. Historical Society. 5. Cooper In- 
 stitute Library. 6, The Apprentice's Library. 7. The 
 Law Library. 8. The City Library. 9. The Mott Memo- 
 rial Library. 10. The Medical Library. IL The Printers' 
 Library, 12. The Women's Library. 13. Library of the 
 Y. M. C. Association. 
 
 Chapter XIT. — Principal ChiircTies. 
 
 Chapter Xlll. — Public Institutions. 
 
 Chapter XIV. — Picture Galleries and Artists' Studios. 
 
 Chapter XV. — Principal Charitahle Institutions. — 1, Insti- 
 tution for the Deaf and Dumb. 2. Tiie Blind Asylum. 3. 
 Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane, 4, The Leake and 
 Watts Orphan House, 5. N, Y. Orphan Asylum. 6, N. Y. 
 Juvenile Asylum. 7. The Sailors' Snug Harbor. 8. The 
 Five Points House of Industry. 
 
 Chapter XVI. — Colleges— Literary and Medical.— \. Colum- 
 bia College, 2. N. Y, University. 3. College of the City 
 of New York. 4. N. Y, College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
 
 5, University Medical College, G. Bellevue Medical Col- 
 lege, 7. N, Y. Medical College and Hospital for Women. 
 8. The Homoeopathic Medical College. 9. Eclectic Medical 
 College. 
 
 Chapter XVII. — Principal Cemeteries in and around the 
 City. — 1. Greenwood Cemetery. 2. Cypress Hills Ceme- 
 tery. 3. Cemetery of the Evergreens. 4. Trinity Cemetery. 
 5. The Marble Cemetery in Second street. 6. Calvary 
 Cemetery, 
 
 Chapter XVIII. — Departure of Coastwise and River Steam- 
 ers and their Rates of Fare. 
 
 Chapter XIX.— Principal Railroad Stations and how to find 
 them. 
 
 Chapter XX. — The Suburbs. 
 
 Chapter XXI. — Foreign Travel. — 1. Passports. 2. List of 
 Foreign Consuls residing in the City. Foreign steamers — 
 their days of sailing, etc. 
 
THE 
 
 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PRELIMIlSrAEY. 
 
 1. Preliminary Suggestions.— 2. Baggage Expresses.— 3. Carriages.— 
 4. Public Porters.— 5. Horse Car Routes. — 6. Omnibus Routes.— 
 7. Ferries.— 8. Location of Piers.— 9. Hotels.— 10. Restaurants. — 
 11. Boarding and Lodging-Houses.— 12. Table of Distances. — 13. Tel- 
 egraph Offices, 
 
 § 1. PreliiKiinsiry Suggestions. 
 
 The accounts which appear almost every day in the 
 newspapers of the robbing of strangers on the steamers 
 or cars, orjust after landing in the city, ought to be seen 
 and read, one would think, by almost every one, either 
 in the city or country, yet to-morrow's " Tribune " or 
 " Herald " will probably record the experience of anoth- 
 er victim to these robberies. For the benefit, therefore, 
 of those who do not read the papers, as well as of those 
 who think themselves too "smart" to be caught by 
 sharpers, we hereby inform them that on all the great 
 lines of travel, either by rail or steamer, there are par- 
 ties constantly traveling, educated to their profession, 
 whose sole business it is to " fleece " the stranger in 
 some way. They generally travel in companies of two 
 or three, and when they club together to " do " a man, 
 he will be smart indeed if they do n't accomplish their 
 purpose. We deem it the first duty of a guide-book to 
 warn the traveler to be at all times on his guard, and to 
 
 (7) 
 
8 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 help him, we recommend him to observe the follow- 
 ing rules, strictly : 
 
 I. Never to play euchre or any other game of cards or 
 
 chance with a stranger, either on the boat or cars. 
 
 II. Never make an exhibition of your money, nor let 
 
 any one know you have any about your person. 
 IIL Remember always that you are in danger from pick- 
 pockets. Think of it before starting out, and pro- 
 tect yourself accordingly. 
 
 IV. Never exchange your greenbacks for anybody's 
 
 check, no matter how large a balance may 8ee?n to 
 be in your favor. 
 
 V. Never exchange your greenbacks for gold (or what 
 
 appears to be gold), no matter Tioio much distress 
 the party may appear to suffer who wants it. 
 
 VI. If you have money or valuables on your person and 
 
 arc obliged to be out over night in steamer or 
 cars, get a state-room or section in sleeping car, at 
 whatever cost, where you can lock out the thieves. 
 
 VII. If you have a state-room never leave it a moment 
 
 unlocked. 
 Vni. Never buy a railroad or steamer's ticket from a 
 stranger unless at a responsible ticket oflBce. 
 
 IX. Never employ a hackman until you have seen the 
 
 license number on his carriage and taken it down 
 in your memorandum book. 
 
 X. If you have money or valuables about you when 
 
 you arrive at your hotel, hand them over to the 
 proprietor or to his representative, and take his 
 receipt tlierefor. 
 
 XI. If you should be going abroad, go to some well- 
 
 known and responsible bankers, and nowhere else, 
 
 and get a draft or circular notes. Take no more 
 
 gold and silver with you than you may need for 
 
 pocket money. 
 
 Xn. If you need any information about your route after 
 
 you arrive in the city, ask it of a policeman, or 
 
 at some respectable-looking store. 
 
BAGGAGE EXPRESSES. 
 
 § 3. Bag:g:age Expresses. 
 
 The baggage express man is a comparatively modern 
 institution. He is a sort of anxiety-saving macliine ; 
 one which, for a small consideration, relieves the 
 traveler from all care and thought about his baggage on 
 his arrival. He travels on all the principal railroads and 
 steamers (except foreign) bringing passengers to the city 
 and it is his business to solicit your baggage checks, for 
 which he will give you a receipt or check, which binds 
 his employers, who are regarded as perfectly responsible, 
 and he will get your baggage for you and deliver it at 
 your resideuce or hotel, either in the city or any of its 
 suburbs, or at any other depot or steamer, to which you 
 may be goiug, at a stipulated time. 
 
 [That a piece of baggage might happen to get mislaid, 
 or that some employee of the company might be care- 
 less and deliver a piece of baggage at the wrong place, 
 or might not deliver it at th«e time promised, is among 
 the probabilities, as every one must know, who has ever 
 had anything to do with a large business like this ; but as 
 the success in business of these express companies de- 
 pends upon the faithful performance of their promises, 
 we think they will be found trustworthy ; and in case 
 of accident prompt to redress it.] 
 
 Relieved from the care of his baggage, and not in- 
 clined to walk, the traveler may step into an omnibus 
 or horse-car — some one of which he will always find in 
 the vicinity of the depot or landing — and proceed at 
 once to his hotel or lodgings ; he may have to ride on 
 more than one route to reach his destination, but on in- 
 quiry the conductor will inform him whether he must 
 change cars or route, and where. 
 
 The baggage express business is mainly done by two 
 companies — Daddy's and WestcoWa — who have offices in 
 New York and Brooklyn. 
 
 Dodd''s Express takes the baggage of the N. J. Cen- 
 tral, the New Jersey and the New Haven Railroads ; and 
 of the following steamers : the Mary Powell, the Peo- 
 ple's Line, and the Stonington Line. 
 
10 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 DodiTs Prices. 
 
 For delivering a piece of baggage anywhere in 
 
 the city below 50th street - - - - 40 
 In Yorkville and Harlem - - - - 1 00 
 
 Brooklyn 50 
 
 Brooklyn from New Haven R.R. . - - 60 
 
 Williamsburg -- 75 
 
 Jersey City and Hoboken . . . . 75 
 
 WestcoWs Express takes the baggage of the Hudson 
 River, the Harlem, the Delaware and Lackawanna, and 
 the Morris and Essex Railroads. 
 
 WestcotVs Prices. 
 
 Anywhere in the city below 40th street - - 40 
 Above 40th and not above 60th street - 50 
 
 Yorkville and Harlem 76 
 
 Brooklyn or Williamsburg - . . - 50 
 
 Jersey City or Hoboken 75 
 
 The price is the same for taking apiece of baggage to 
 the station or steamer as for delivering it. 
 
 On leaving the city or Brooklyn, the traveler can go 
 to either of these baggage express offices and pro- 
 cure his railroad or steamer tickets, and have his bag- 
 gage checked at his house or hotel to his destination, 
 which will save him a vast \ deal of trouble. He of 
 course pays the same for his ticket that ho would pay at 
 the steamer or depot, and the usual charge of the bag- 
 gage express man who calls at the house or hotel and 
 takes his baggage. 
 
 %* The Erie Railroad Company have a baggage ex- 
 press of their own. Travelers by that road may leave 
 their checks at the office at the depot, and their baggage 
 will be duly forwarded to them, at the foregoing 
 rates. 
 
 N. B. The hack proprietors have recently formed an 
 association among themselves, and agreed to a scale of 
 prices to carry passengers, and to deliver baggage by an 
 express, which they call the "Association Baggage Ex- 
 press." They deliver baggage for 25 cents each piece. 
 
CARRIAGES. 11 
 
 Their agents will be found at the various depots and 
 landings, and wear Association badges on their hats. 
 As they do not go on the cars or steamers, travelers who 
 would employ them must retain their checks till they 
 arrive. 
 
 § 3. Carriages. 
 
 If the traveler have ladies with him arid require a car- 
 riage, he will always find one at the depot or landing, 
 without the trouble of hunting for it, and he will be 
 subject to running a gauntlet through a bedlam which 
 he will remember as long as he lives. To many travel- 
 ers carriages are an indispensable convenience, and for 
 the benefit of those who are obliged to employ them, we 
 subjoin the legal rates of fare which licensed hackmen 
 are allowed to charge. Each carriage is required to have 
 its license number conspicuously painted on its lamps, 
 and the legal rates of fare printed and posted up within 
 it in plain sight ; and no hackman whose carriage is not 
 so furnished, can collect any fare from his customer. 
 Any stranger who may be overcharged or otherwise out- 
 raged by a licensed hackman, can have his grievance 
 promptly redressed by making his complaint at the office 
 of the Mayor of the city at the City Hall. But partic- 
 ular care must be taken to report the correct number 
 painted on the coach. 
 
 Fare for Hackmen^ Coaches and Ca/rriages. 
 
 1. For conveying a passenger any distance not exceed- 
 ing one mile, fifty cents ; for conveying two passengers 
 the same distance, seventy-five cents, or thirty-seven and 
 a half cents each ; and for every additional passenger, 
 thirty-seven and a half cents. 
 
 2. For conveying a passenger any distance exceeding 
 a mile, and within two miles, seventy-five cents ; and for 
 every additional passenger, thirty-seven and a half 
 cents. 
 
 3. For the use of a hackney coach or carriage, by the 
 day, with one or more passengers, five dollars. 
 
 4. For the use of a hackney coach or carriage, by the 
 hour, with one or more passengers, with the privilege of 
 
12 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 going from place to place, and stopping as often as may 
 be required, one dollar an hour. 
 
 5. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney coach or 
 carriage is not, at the time thereof, specified to be by the 
 day or hour, it shall be deemed to be by the mile. 
 
 6. For children between two and fourteen years of 
 age, half price is only to be charged ; and for children 
 under two years of age, no charge is to be made. 
 
 7. Whenever a hackney coach or carriage shall be de- 
 tained, excepting as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall 
 be allowed at the rate of seventy-five cents an hour. 
 
 8. Every driver or owner of a'hackney coach, carriage, 
 or cab, shall carry, transport, and convey in and upon 
 his coach, carriage, or cab, in addition to the person or 
 persons therein, one trunk, valise, saddle-l^ag, carpet- 
 bag, portmanteau, or box, if he be requested so to do, 
 for each passenger, without charge or compensation 
 therefor ; but for every trunk or such other articles above 
 named, more than one for each passenger, he shall be 
 entitled to demand and receive the sum of six cents. 
 
 9. In case of disagreement as to distance or price, the 
 same shall be determined by the Mayor. 
 
 10. The owner of any hackney coach or carriage shall 
 not demand or receive any pay for the conveyance of 
 any passenger, unless the number of the carriage, and 
 the rates and prices of fare, shall be fixed and placed in 
 the manner hereinbefore described. 
 
 11. The owner or driver of any hackney coach or car- 
 riage, shall not be entitled to receive any pay from any 
 person from whom he shall have demanded any greater 
 price or rates, than he may be authorized to receive as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 12. No owner or driver of any hackney coach or car- 
 riage in the city of New York shall ask, demand, or re- 
 ceive any larger sum than he or they may be entitled to 
 receive, as aforesaid, under the penalty of ten dollars for 
 every such otfence, to be sued for and recovered from the 
 owner or owners, or driver of any such hackney coach 
 or carriage, severally and respectively. 
 
 Some hackraen have recently formed an Association 
 
HORSE-CAR ROUTES. 13 
 
 among tliemselves, and agreed upon a tariff of prices 
 "which they say shall be uniform and permanent. Their 
 runners will be found at the depots and landings, and 
 may be known by their wearing the Association badges 
 upon their hats. Their prices are fifty cents each for 
 carrying passengers any distance between 27th street and 
 the Battery; twenty-fi^e cents additional if they go 
 above 37th street. Baggage carried free of charge. 
 
 § 4. Piftbfiic Porters. 
 
 Sometimes a traveler has occasio'n for the services of 
 a porter, either on his arrival, or during his stay in the 
 city. We herevrith give the legal rates he is entitled 
 to charge. 
 
 1. For the carrying or conveyance of any article any 
 distance within half a mile, twenty-five cents, if car- 
 ried by hand ; fifty cents if carried on a wheelbarrow^ 
 or hand-cart: if the distance exceed half a mile, one 
 half the above rates in addition thereto, and in the same 
 proportion for any greater distance. 
 
 2. No public porter or hand-cartraan shall be entitled 
 to recover or receive any fare, from any person, for the 
 transportation of any article or articles, unless he wears 
 a badge with his name and the number of his license en- 
 graved thereon. 
 
 § 5. Horse-Car Hontes. 
 
 The fare on all the horse-car routes, with the follow- 
 ing exceptions, is five cents. The Fourth Avenue road 
 is six cents for any distance, and if you go above o4tii 
 street, it is eight cents. On the Third Avenue, the fare 
 is six cents if you go above 65th street. On the Eighth 
 Avenue, it is eight cents above 59th street, and ten cents 
 above 72nd street. On the Second Avenue, if one goes 
 above 63d street, the fare is six cents. 
 
 Second Avestte.— /fecjfc Slip to Harlem.— From Peck Slip to Bowery, 
 via South, Oliver and Chatham streets, thence to Harlem, via Grand, 
 Chrystie and Second Avenue. Retuen, via Second Avenue to East 
 23rd street, thence to Peck Slip, via East 23rd street, First Avenue, 
 Allen and Grand streets. Bowery, Chatham and Pearl streets. 
 Cars run from 63rd street to Peck Slip and return, all night. 
 Last Car leaves 63rd street for Harlem at 12.30, A. m. 
 " " Harlem for 63rd street at 1, a. m. 
 
 2 
 
14 GUIDE TO NEW YOEK. 
 
 Third AvENTTB. — Park Row to Z/ar^em.— 'Ra Chatham street, Bowery 
 and Third Avenac. Ketckn, same route. 
 Cars run all night. 
 
 FotTRTir AvKNUK AND Haf.lem.— From Park Eow to Centre, Grand, 
 Bowery, Fourth Avenue to 42nd street, Madison Avenue to East S6th 
 street ; also from East 32ad street to Lexington Avenue, East 84th 
 street, and Hunter's Point Ferry. Returning, same route to Park 
 Eow. 
 Last car leaves 34th street Ferry at 10.50, p.m. 
 
 " " Astor House at 11.30. P.M. 
 
 Madison Avenue Branch.— Last car leaves Ast^r House at 7.30, p.m. 
 " " East 86th street at 9, " 
 
 Sixth A.VE.WF..—Frnm Astor House to Central Park.— Via Vesey, 
 Church and Chambers 'streets. West Broadway, Canal, Varick and 
 Carmine streets and Sixth Avenue. Return, hy same route, to 
 Ohambora street, thence via Collcj:e Place and Vesey street, to corner 
 Broadway. Branch diverges via Canal street to Broadway. 
 Cars run all night on Astor House route. 
 Canal street Branch. — Last car leaves 43id street at 10.15, p.m. 
 
 " *' Canal and Broadway at 10..50, p.m. 
 
 Seventh Avenue.— i^om Astor House to Central Park.— Via Barclay, 
 Church and Chambers streets. Wost Broadway, Canal, Thompson, 
 West 4th. Macdousal and bth ttreets, Greenwich Avenue and Seventh 
 Avenue to West 59th street. Return, by same route, to Chambers 
 street, thence via College Place and Barclay street, to corner of 
 Broadway. 
 Last car leaves Central Park at 11, p.m. 
 
 '• " Broadway and B-irclay at 11,45, p.m. 
 
 Seventh Avenue and Broadway.— From Astor House to Central 
 ParA:.— F7a Barclay. Church and Chambers streets, West Broadway, 
 Greene street, Clinton Place, Univer.sity Plac-, B-oadway and 
 beventh Avenue, to West 59th street. Return, via same route, to 
 University Place, thence via Wooster, Canal, West Broadway and 
 Barclay streets, to corner Broadway. Branch diverges via Bioome 
 street to Broadway. 
 Last car leaves Central Park at 11, p.m. 
 
 '' '* Broadway and Barclay at 11.4,5, p.m. 
 
 Broome St. Branch. — Last car leaves Central Park at 11, p.m. 
 
 " " Broome St. ajdB'way at 11.80 p,m. 
 
 Eighth Avenue.— i^?*o»i Astor House to 31anhattanviUe.— Via Vesey, 
 Church and Chambers streets, West I^oadway, Canal and Hudson 
 streets, and Eighth Avenue, to West l'25th street. Kkturn, via same 
 route, to West Broadway, thence via College Place ard Vesey street, 
 to corner Broadway. Branch diverges via Canal street to Broad- 
 way. 
 Curs run every 15 minutes all night on Astor House route. 
 Canal street Branch.— Last car kaves 49Lh street Depot at 10.30, p.m. 
 " " Canal and Broadway at 11, '' 
 
 Ninth kvEHUK.— From Broadway and Fulton street to and vp Ninth 
 Avenue.— Via Fulton and Greenwich streets and Ninth Avenue to 
 West 54th street. Return, via Ninth Avenue, Greenwich, Ganse- 
 voort, Wa.«hington and Fulton streets, to Broadway. 
 Last car leaves .o4th street Depot at 9 p.m. 
 " '' Fulton and Broadway at 10 p.m. 
 
HOESE-CAE EOUTES. 15 
 
 Tenth Avrnuk, oe West Side.— i^ro/w South Fen^ to Central Park. 
 — Via Whitehall street, Battery Place, Weet street, Tenth Avf nue, 
 and West 59th street, to corner of Fifih Avenue. Retcrn, by same 
 route, to Battery Piace, thence via State and Whitehall streets to 
 South Ferry, 
 
 Last car leaves 59th St. and Tenth avenue at 10.30 p.m. 
 South Ferry, 11.30 p.m. 
 
 East Si-dv:..— South Ferry to Grand street Ferry and to Central 
 Park. — Via Whitehall and Water streets, Old Slip, South tind Cor 
 lears streets, to Grand street, thence via Grand, Goerck and Houston 
 streets, Avenue r>. East 14th street. Avenue A, East 23rd street, First 
 Avenue and East 59th street, to corner Fifth Avenue. Return, via 
 East 59th street, First A,venue, East 23rd street. Avenue A, East 14th 
 street. Avenue D, Houston and Manein streets, to Grand street, 
 thence via Monroe, Jackson, Front, South, Front and Whitehall 
 streets, to South Ferry. 
 Last car leaves 59th street and Fifth avenue at 10.15 p.m. 
 South Ferry at 11.15 p.m. 
 
 Blt.ecker Street and Fulton Ferry.— ^rom Fulton Ferry to West 
 Fourteenth Street, near Tenth Avenue (Green Line).— Fea Fulton, 
 William and Ann streets, Park Row, Chatham. Centre, Leonard, Elm, 
 Howard, Crosby, Bleecker, Macdouffal. West 4th, West 12th, Hudson, 
 and West 14th streets. Return, via West 14:h. Hudsou, Bleecker, 
 Crosby, Howard, Elm, Reade, Centre, Park Row, Beekman and 
 South streets, to Fulton Perry. 
 
 Yellow JjIS^.— Between same points.— Via Fulton and Water streets. 
 Peck Slip, and Pearl streets, New Bowery, Bowery, Canal, Elm, 
 Howard, Crosby, Bleecker, Macdougal, West 4tb, West 12th, 
 Hudson and West 14th streets. Return, via. West 14th, Hudson. 
 Bleecker, Crosby, Howard, Elm and Canal streets. Bowery, New 
 Bowery, Pearl and Ferry streets, Peck Slip, South and Ful'.on streets, 
 to ferry. 
 Last car leaves 14tli street and Eleventh avenue at 12,30 p,m. 
 " " Fulton Ferry at 1 a.m. 
 
 CROSS TOWN ROUTES. 
 
 Dry Dock and East Broadway Line.— Via Chatham street. East Broad- 
 "wav, Grand and Columbia streets, Avenue L), East 14th street. Ave- 
 nue A. Return, via same route, to Avenue D, thence via Stb, 
 Lewis and Grand streets, East Broadway, Chatham street and Park 
 Row, corner Ann street. 
 Last car leaves Avenue A and 14th street at 11.30 p.m. 
 " " corner Broadway and Ann street at 12 p.m. 
 
 Park Row to Hunter's Point Ferity {East Thirty-fourth Street.)— Via 
 Chatham street. East Broadway, Clinton street, Avenue B, East 14th 
 street, Avenue A, East 23rd street, First Avenue, and Ea&t 34th 
 street, to ferry. Return, via East 34th street, to depot, thence via 
 Avenue B, Chatham street and Park Row, to corner Ana street. 
 Last car laaves ferry, 34th street and E. R. at 11.15 p.m. 
 " " corner Broadway and Ann street at 12 P.M. 
 
 Grand Street Ferry to Cortlandt Street Ferity.— Via Grand street, 
 ^East Broadway, Canal, Walker, North Moore and Washington 
 
16 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 streets, to Cortlandt street. Retiten, via Cortlandt, Greenwich, 
 Beach, Lispenard, Canal and Grand streets. 
 Last car leaves Grand street Ferry at 10 p.m. 
 '■ " Cortlandt street at 10.30 p.m. 
 
 Thirty-fourth and Deslrosses Streets Line. — Via First avenue, 23rd 
 street, Avenue A, 14th street. Avenue D, Columbia street. Grand 
 street, Sullivan sti-eet. Vestry street, Washington street, to Drs- 
 brosses street and ferry. Reti:ex, by same route to Grand, Lewis, 
 Eighth, Avenue D, to starting point over same route. 
 Last car leaves 34th street at 10.30 p.m. 
 
 " " Desbiosses street at 11.20 P.M. 
 
 Grand Street Ferry to Desbrosses Street Ferry.— Via Grand, Sullivan, 
 Vestry, Greenwicli, and Desbrosses streets, to ferry. Return, via 
 Desbrosses, Washington, Vestry, Sullivan and Grand streets, to ferry. 
 Last car leaves Grand street Ferry, E. R. at 11.40 p.m. 
 " "■ Desbrosses street and N. R. at 12.10 p.m. 
 
 Grand Street Ferry and Weehawlcen Ferry {Forty-second Street).-— 
 Via Grand, Goerck, East Houston and 2nd streets, Avenue A. East 
 14ih street. Fourth Avenue, '23rd street, Broadway. West .34th street, 
 . Tenth Avenue, and West 4'2nd street, to ferry. Return, via West 
 42nd street, Tenth Avenue, West 34th street,'Broa(iway, 23rd street. 
 Fourth Avenue, East 14th street. Avenue A, Houston, Cannon, and , 
 Grand streets, to ferry. 
 Last car leaves Ferry, foot of 42nd street and N. R. at 11.30 p.m. 
 *• Grand street ferry, E. R. at 12.25 p.m. 
 
 Avenue C. — From Fourth Avenue, cor. Ea«t 42nd street to Lexington 
 Avenue, 85tn street. First Avenue, East 23rd street. Avenue A, East 
 17th street. Avenue C, Third street. First Avenue, East and West 
 Houston to West and Chambers street ferries. Return, via West, 
 Charlton, Prince, Stanton. Pitt, Avenue C, East ISth, Avenue A, East 
 23rd, First Avenue, East 86th, Lexington Avenue, to corner East 42nd, 
 and Fourth Avenue. 
 
 Cars run from 5.30 a.m. to 12 p.m. 
 
 § O. Omnibuses. 
 
 From many portions of the city and, especially, fi-om 
 almost any part of Broadway, the omnibuses afford the 
 readiest means of reaching the principal ferries to the 
 suburbs of the city. The routes are always designated 
 upon the outside of the coaches, and the stranger who 
 takes the precaution to look before he leaps, never need 
 make a mistake. 
 
 [The fare on all the omnibuses is 10 cents a ride — 
 whatever the distance]. 
 
 1. Fifth Avenue and Fulton Ferry Line (Blue Stages). Route, from 
 cor. 43d St and 5th av., down the avenue to 12th st., to University pi., 
 to 11th St., to Broadway, to Fulton St.. and to the Ferry. 
 Last stage leaves 43rd street and Fifth avenue, at 11, p. M. 
 " "• Fulton Ferry at 12, p. m. 
 
FERRIES. 17 
 
 2. Madison Avenue and Wall St. Ferry Line. Eonte, from 40tb st. and 
 Madison av. to Broadway, to Wall st , and to the Ferry. 
 
 Last stage leaves 40th street and Madison avenue, at 10.15 p.m. 
 " " Wall street Ferry, at 11.30 p.m. 
 
 3. Fourth Avenue and Broadway Line. Eoute, from 42d st. and 4th av., 
 (New Union Depot.) down the avenue to Broadway, to South Ferry. 
 
 Last stage leaves Union Depot, 42nd st. and Fourth avenue, at 10.30. 
 South Ferry, at 11.30 p.m. 
 
 4. Broadway, Twenty-third St. and N nth avenue Line. Route, from 
 80th St. (Hudson R. R. Depot) and 9th av. to 23d St., to B.oadway, and 
 to South Ferry. 
 
 Every two minutes a stage leaves South Ferry for 30th st. Erery 
 eight minutes one leaves for E'erry foot of 23rd street. 
 Last stage leaves 29th street and Ninth avenue, at 10.20. 
 " " South Ferry, at 11.30 P.M. 
 
 5. Broadway and Eighth St. Line. Route, from foot of East 10th st. 
 (Greenpolnt Ferry)," to 8th st., to Broadway, and to South Ferry. 
 
 Last stage leaves foot East, 10th street, Greenpoiui Ferry, at 10.30. 
 " " South Ferry, at 11.15 P.M. 
 
 6. Broadway and Second St. Line. Route, from foot of Houston st,, E. 
 R. (Williamsburg Ferry), to 2d st., to Bleecker St., to Broadway, to 
 Cortlandt St., and to .Ter.sey City Ferry, 
 
 Last stage leaves Houston street Ferrv, E. Pi, at 10 p.m. 
 Cortlandt Ferry, at 10.45 p.m. 
 
 Connecting the city with its suburbs : — 
 Ead River Side. 
 Astoria, from foot of 92d st. Fare, 4 cents. 
 Long Island City (late Hunter's Point), from James'' slip every half 
 
 hour. Fare, 6 cents. 
 From foot of 34th st., in the forenoon, every 15 minutes, in th^ 
 
 afternoon, every 7 minutes. Fare, 4 cents. 
 [These ferries connect with the Long Island and Flushing Railroads.] 
 Greenpoint, from foot of 23d st. and 10th St., from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m., every 
 
 15 minutes. Fare, 4 cents. 
 Brooklyn, E. D. (Williamsburg), from foot of Houston st. to Grand st. 
 
 Fare", 3 cents. 
 — From foot of Grand st. to Grand st., and to South 7th st. Fare, 
 
 3 cents. 
 From foot of Roosevelt st. to South 7th St., from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., 
 
 every 10 minutes. Fare 3 cents. 
 [The South Side, L. I. Railroad depot is at South 7th street ferry.] 
 Brooklyn, From foot of New Chambers st. to Bridge St., Brookljn, 
 
 every 15 minutes, from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. Fare 2 cents. 
 Brooklyn, Union Ferrt Compant. [Fare on all these ferries, 2 cents ; 
 
 17 tickets for 25 cents. Between the hours of 5 and 7.30, morn'nzand 
 
 evening, the ferriage at all the ferries of this Company is one cent. 
 
 Tickets good at all the Company's ferries.] 
 Catharine Ferry, from foot of Catharine st. to foot of Main st. 
 
 from 5 A.M. to 9 p.m., every 10 minutes; from 9 p.m. to 12 p.m., every 
 
 20 minutes. S 
 
 2* 
 
18 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Brooklyn, Fulton Ferry, from foot of Fulton sL to Fulton st., 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 This is the principal Ferry hetween New York and Brooklyn. There 
 are four boats employed from T a. m. to 7 p. 3i., and two are running 
 all night. Trips during the day are made as rapidly as a boat can 
 cross. From 7 P. ai. to 12 p. M., trips are made every 12 minutes, 
 from 2 P. M. to 7 A. M., every 15 minutes. 
 
 [At the landing on the Brooklyn side, more than a dozen different horse 
 car routes have their termiai. There is scarcely any part of Brooklyn 
 which cannot be readily reached by one or the other of these cars. 
 The stranger has only to inquire of the car-starter at the Ferry to as- 
 certain which car he mubt take to reach his destination.] 
 
 Wall st. Ferry, from foot of Wall st. to Montague St., from 5 A.M. 
 
 to 8 P.M., every 10 minutes; and -every 20 minutes, from 8 p.m. to 12 
 
 P.M. 
 
 South Ferry, from foot of Whitehall st. to Atlantic st., from 5 a. 
 
 M. to 11 p. M., every 12 minutes; from 11 p. m. to 5 a. m., every half 
 
 hour. 
 Hamilton Avenue Ferry, from foot of Whitehall st. to Atlantic 
 
 Dock, from 7 am. to 6^ p.m.. every 10 minutes ; from 6i p.m. to 9 I'.M., 
 
 every 15 minutes ; from 9 p.m. to 7 a m., every half hour, 
 llarlem and Astoria, from Peck Slip at almost every hour in the day, 
 
 stopping at Astoria. Fare, ten cents. 
 
 and Morrisiana. from Fulton Slip — east side— almost every hour 
 
 in the day. Fare, 10 cents. 
 
 Bay Ilidge, from foot of Wall St., six trips a day. Fare, 15 cents. 
 Staten Island, to Tompkinsville, Stapleton, and Vanderbilfs Landing, 
 
 from foot of Whitehall st. every hour, from 6 A.M. to 9 p.m., and a last 
 
 boat at 11:45 p. m. Fare 10 cents. 
 [This ferry connects with the Staten Island Railroad.] 
 
 Korth River Side. 
 
 Staten Island, North Shore, to New Brighton, Sailors' Snug Harbor, 
 West Brighton, Port Kichmoud, and Elm P^rk, from pier 19, from G 
 A.M. to 8 P.M., every hour, except at 1 p.m. Fare, 12 cents. 
 
 Jersey City, Communipaw, from foot of Liberty st. to N. J. Central R.R. 
 every 20 minutes. Fare, 3 cents. 
 
 from foot of Cortland t st. to foot of Montgomery st., from 7 a.m. 
 
 to 10 p. M. every 10 minutes ; from 10 to 12 p. m., every 15 minutes ; 
 from 12 P.M. to 4 a.m., every 30 minutes ; from 4 to 7 a.m., every 15 
 minutes. Fare, 3 cents. 
 
 From foot of Desbrosses st. to same landing. Fare, 3 cents. 
 
 [These two ferries connect with the New Jersey Railroad.] 
 
 Long Dock (Pavonia). from foot of Chambers St., trom 1 a.m. 
 
 to 7 P.M., every 15 minutes ; from 7 p.m. to 1 a.m., every half hour. 
 
 Fare 3 cents. 
 
 Long Dock (Pavonia), from foot of 23d st. Fare, 3 cents. 
 
 [These ferries connect with the Erie, the Northern New Jersey, and the 
 
 Hackensack Railroads.] 
 
LOCATION OF PIERS. 
 
 19 
 
 Hobcken, from foot of Barclay st. 
 
 From foot, of Christopher st., from 5 a.m. to 
 
 P.M., every 15 rnin 
 
 utes; from 8 to 12 p.m., every 20 minutes. 
 
 [These ferries connect with the Morris and Essex, tha Delaware and 
 Lackawanna, and the Bloorafield and Montclair Eailroads.] 
 
 Bull's Ferry and Fort Lee, from pier 51. Fare, X2 cents. 
 
 Weehawken, from foot of 43d st., from 6 a.m. to 7 pjff.^ every 4ft min- 
 utes. Fare, 12 cents. 
 
 § §. liOcation of Piers. 
 
 By reference to tbe following, the stranger who ap- 
 proaches the city by steamboat, or who is to leave it by 
 the same means, will be able to ascertain, not only on 
 which side of the city — whether E. R. or K R.— but 
 also, at the foot of what street the Pier to which he is 
 to go may be found. Remembering of course that E. R. 
 means East River, and N. R. North River. 
 
 No. 
 
 north 
 
 River. 
 
 
 1, foot Battery pi. 
 
 No. 33, 
 
 foot Jay 
 
 2, 3, bet. Battery pi. and Mor- 
 
 '^ 84, 
 
 '• Harrison 
 
 ris 
 
 " 35, 
 
 "■ Franklin 
 
 4, foot Morris 
 
 - 36; 
 
 " N. Moore 
 
 5, 6, 7. bet. Morris and Eector 
 
 '" 37, 
 
 " Beach 
 
 8, foot Rector 
 
 " 38, 
 
 " Hubert 
 
 9. 10, bet. liector and Carlisle 
 
 '' 39, 
 
 '' Vestry 
 
 11, foot Carlisle 
 
 " 40, 
 
 " Watts 
 
 12, foot Albany 
 
 " 41, 
 
 " Hoboken 
 
 13, bet. Albany and Cedar 
 
 " 42, 
 
 " Canal 
 
 14, foot Cedar. 
 
 " 43, 
 
 " Spring 
 
 15, foot Liberty 
 
 " 44. 
 
 bet. Spring and Charlton 
 
 16, bet. Liberty and Cortlandt 
 
 " 45, 
 
 foot Charlton 
 
 17, IS, fAot Cortlandt 
 
 " 46, 
 
 " Kins 
 
 19, bet Cortlandt and Dey 
 
 " 47, 
 
 " W. Houston 
 
 20, foot Dey 
 
 " 48, 
 
 " Olarkson 
 
 21, "■ Fulton 
 
 " 49, 
 
 " Leroy 
 
 22, bet Fulton and Vesey 
 
 " 60, 
 
 " Morton 
 
 23, foot Vesey 
 
 " 51, 
 
 " Christopher 
 
 24, bet Vesey and Barclay 
 
 " 52. 
 
 " W. 10th 
 
 25, foot Barclay 
 
 " 53, 
 
 " Charles 
 
 26, bet. Barclay and Kobinson 
 
 '• 54, 
 
 " Perry 
 
 27, foot Kobinson 
 
 " 55, 
 
 " Hammond 
 
 28, " Murray 
 
 " 60, 
 
 " WMSth 
 
 29, " Warren 
 
 " 61, 
 
 '■ W. 17th 
 
 30, " Chambers 
 
 " 62, 
 
 " V^^. 18th 
 
 31, " Duane 
 
 " 63, 
 
 " W.19th 
 
 82, bet. Duane and Jay 
 
 
 
20 
 
 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 East River. 
 
 No. 1, 
 " 3, 
 
 " 4, 
 
 " f>, 
 
 '' 6, 
 
 " 9, 
 
 *' 11, 
 " 13, 
 
 " 14, 
 " !•% 
 " 17, 
 " IS, 
 " 19, 
 " 20, 
 " 22 
 *' 23' 
 
 " 25, 
 
 " 27, 
 " 28, 
 
 2, foot Whitehall 
 
 " Moore 
 bet. Moore and Broad 
 bet. Broad andCoenties slip 
 7, S, Coenties slip 
 
 10, bet. Coenties and Old 
 
 slips 
 
 12, Old slip 
 
 bet. Old slip and Gouverneur 
 
 lane 
 
 foot Jonei lane 
 
 IG, foot Wall 
 
 font Pine 
 
 " Maiden lane 
 
 " Fletcher 
 21, foot Burling slip 
 foot Fulton 
 
 " Beekman 
 bet. Beekman and Peck slip 
 20, foot Peck slip 
 foot Dover 
 
 bet. Dover and Roosevelt 
 foot Roosevelt 
 bet. Roosevelt and James 
 slip 
 
 32, foot James slip 
 foot Oliver 
 
 35, foot Catharine sl'p 
 bet. Catharine slip and Mar- 
 ket 
 
 No. 37, 38, foot Market 
 " 39, bet. Market and Pike 
 " 40, 41, foot Pike 
 *' 42, bet. Pike and Rutgers 
 " 43, 44. foot Rutgers 
 " 45. bet. Rutgers and Jefferson 
 " 46, foot JetlVrson 
 " 47, bet. Jefferson and Clinton 
 •' 4S, foot Clinton 
 " 49, bet. Clinton and Mont- 
 gomery 
 " 50, foot Montgomery 
 " 51, 52, foot Gouverneur 
 " 53, foot Jackson 
 "54 '• Corlcars 
 "55 " Cherry 
 " 56, 57, foot Broome 
 " 5s, 59, " Delancey 
 " GO, f(.ot Rivington 
 " (51, be";. Rivington and Stanton 
 " G2, foot Stanton 
 " 63, " E. Houston 
 '• 64, " Fifth 
 " 65, '• Sixth 
 '' 66, " Seventh 
 " 67, " Eighth 
 " 68, " Ninth 
 " 69, '' E. 10th 
 " 70, " E. 11th 
 
 § 9. Hotels. 
 
 The first-class Hotels of New York city Lave long en- 
 joyed tbe reputation of being the best in the world. 
 They are numerous and well distributed throughout the 
 city, and oftentimes occupy structures which are archi- 
 tectural ornaments to the city. They are spacious, 
 some of them having a capacity to accommodate four or 
 five hundred guests — and sumptuously furnished and 
 supplied with every appointment which can in any way 
 contribute to the comfort of the guest. Many of the 
 hotels have adopted the European plan of charging sep- 
 arately for rooms and meals, others adhere to the old 
 time American custom of including both items under 
 one head. We subjoin a list of some of the hotels of 
 each class, with their charges, in order that the traveler 
 who desires to count the cost beforehand may have an 
 
HOTELS. 21 
 
 opportunity of doing so. Some travelers prefer on© 
 plan and some the other. 
 
 Numerous and spacious as the hotels of the city are^ 
 there are seasons of the year when they are crowded^ 
 and when it is extremely difficult for a strang'er arriving 
 at night, especially — who has not engaged his room be- 
 forehand — to find sleeping accommodations. Persons 
 visiting the city between the middle of August and th© 
 middle of October, will do well to take heed. 
 
 At the following hotel9 the prices named include 
 rooms and meals. 
 
 Fifth Avenue Hotel, corner 23rd street and Fifth avenue. Charges $5 
 
 per day. Suites of rooms are extra. 
 St. Nicholas Hotel, Broadway and Spring street, $5 per day. Suites of 
 
 rooms extra. 
 Clarendon Hotel, corner of Fourth avenue and ISth street. $5 per day.. 
 
 Suites of rooms extra. 
 Metropolitan Hotel, 582 Broadway. $4.50 per day. Suites extra. 
 Neio York Betel, Broadway, from Washington to Waverley Place.. $4 
 
 per day. Suites extra. 
 Prescott House, North-west comer of Broadway and Spring street. %t 
 
 per day. Suites extra.. 
 Sturtevant House, 11S6 Broadway. $3.50 per day. 
 Ashland House, corner of Fourth avenue and 24th street. $8' per day.. 
 Union Square Hotel, Union Square. $3 per day. 
 Merchants'' Hotel, 35, 37, 89' and 41 Cortlaudt street. $3; per day. 
 Western Hotel., 9, 11, 13 and 15 Covtlandt street. $3 per day, 
 
 .^% As a general thing at the principal hotels, break- 
 fast may be had until 10 or 11 a.m. Dinner from 2 to- 
 7 P.M., and Supper from 9 to 12 p.m. 
 
 Hotels conducted on the European plan. Up-town., 
 
 The Brevoort House, corner of 8th street and Fifth avenue. Bachelor's 
 
 rooms, $2 per day and upwards. Suites $12 per day and upwards. 
 Madison Square Hotels corner of Broadway and 2l3t street, Bachelor'^s- 
 
 rooms, $2 per day and upwards. Suites extra. 
 50jfm«n .ffozwfe, corner Broadway and 24th street. Bachelor's rooms, 
 
 $2 per day and upwards. Suites from $5 to $30. 
 St. James Hotel, corner Broadway and 26th street. Bachelor's rooms, $2r 
 
 per day and upwards. Suites from $5 to $15. 
 Colnxan House, Broadway corner of 2Tth street. Bachelor's rooms^ frook 
 
 $1 per day upwards. Suites $5 and upwards. 
 The QiUey House, Broadway corner of 2Tth street. Bachelor's rooms^ 
 
 $2 and upwards. Suites extra. 
 
22 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Grand Central, 671 Broadway, liooms from $2 upwards. 
 
 Grand Hotel. Broadway between 29th and 30th sts. Bachelor's rooms 
 $1 50 and upwards. Suites, $8 and upwards. 
 
 Everett House, North-west corner of 17th stre«t and Fourth avenue 
 Bachelc.r's moms, $1 50 per day and upwards. 
 
 Westmoreland Hotel, South-west corner of 17th street and Fourth ave- 
 nue. Bachelor"'s rooms from $1 upwards. Suites fro'U .$5 to .$10. 
 
 St. Denis Hotel, corner of Broadway and 11th street. Bachelor's rooms 
 $1 and upwards. Suites extra. 
 
 Brandreth House, cor. Broadway and Canal at. Rooms from $1 to $5. 
 
 Down town. 
 
 Tfie Astor House, Broadway, from Vesey to Barclay streets, Bachelor's 
 rooms from $1 to $5. Suites $10. 
 
 United States Hotel, corner of Fulton and Water streets. Rooms from 
 $1 upwards. 
 
 National Hotel. 3, 5 and 7 Cortlandt st Rooms from $1 to $5 per day. 
 
 Cosmopolitan Hiel. corner of Chambers and West Broadway. Bache- 
 lor's rooms $1 per day. Double rooms $4. 
 
 Sweeney's Hotel, cor. Chatham and Duane sts. Rooms $1 to $3 per day. 
 
 French's Hotel, corner of Chatham and Frankfort streets. Rooms $1 
 and ^\.m per day. 
 
 Park Hotel, cor. Beekman and Nassau sts. Rooms $1 and $1.50 per day. 
 
 Belmont Hotel, 135 Fulton street. Rooms 50 cents to $1 per day. 
 
 § 10. Restaurants. 
 
 If the number of people in the City of New York— 
 strangers and citizens — who eat at least one meal a day 
 every day at some eating-house could be arrived at, 
 the figures, we apprehend, would startle the most indif- 
 ferent inquirer. From the purlieus of the markets, 
 where many a poor fellow makes a square meal on twen- 
 ty-five cents — and even less — all the way up through 
 the different grades of eating-houses till you arrive at 
 Dclmonico's where a man may, if he choose, pay $25 for 
 a meal,_the stranger will find the tables in all of them 
 filled with crowds of people for five or six hours during 
 the middle of the day, and some of them equally crowd- 
 ed from daylight in the morning till a late hour at night. 
 The quality of the fare, as well as the prices, will be 
 found to vary considerably. 
 
 It is rare to find two persons equally well pleased with 
 the same place ; we, therefore, abstain from recommend- 
 ing any particuhir houses, and have no hesitation in say- 
 ing that there are, probably, hundreds of eating-houses 
 
BOABDma AND LODGING HOUSES. 23 
 
 quite as good as those we have named. The only "way 
 for a stranger to do is to try till he is suited. 
 
 We give, herewith, the address of a few of the res- 
 taurants where the stranger will find good fare; and, 
 among them, will be found those of different nationali- 
 ties, where the foreigner will find dishes served as he has 
 been accustomed to have them at home — probably at a 
 somewhat higher price, however. 
 
 DELMONICO'S, No. 2 S. William st., No. 22 Broad st., Corner Broad- 
 way and Chambers st., and Cor. of Fifth av. and 14th st. 
 
 MAILLAKD, No. 619 Broadway. 
 
 BANG, HENKT J., Nos. 231 and 398 Broadway. 
 
 KTJDOLPH^S, Nos. 162 and 411 Broadway. 
 
 NASH & FULLER, No. 40 Park Row. 
 
 SUTHERLAND, JNC, No. 64 Liberty st. 
 
 D. H. GOULD, No. 35 Nassau st. 
 
 SMITH & GREENE, No. 14 Cortlandt st., and 14 Beekman st. 
 
 JOHN H. CURRIER, No. 144 Fulton st. 
 
 ANTONIO LUCETTI, No. 1383 Broadway. 
 
 EMANUEL SOLARI, No, 44 University pi. 
 
 HENRY MOUQUIN, No. 141 Fulton st. 
 
 LOUIS HECKMAN, No. 122 William st. 
 
 ATLANTIC GARDEN (German), next door to Bowery Theatre. 
 
 FRANCESCO MARTINELLI, No. 49 Third av. (Italian restaurant, 
 much frequented by artists), Table d'hote, 6 p. m. Prices moderate. 
 
 Lovers of good oysters would scarcely forgive us, if 
 we did not give the address of the celebrated Fulton 
 Market oyster house which is 
 
 DORLON & SCHAFFER, No. 243 and 244 Fulton Market. 
 
 § 11. Boarding sasid liOdg^ing Koiiiges. 
 
 The stranger who may wish to locate himself in lodg- 
 ings, or in a boarding house, is recommended to take a 
 little time to look about him — going first to a hotel — 
 and not make choice of a house until after a personal ex- 
 amination, or upon the recommendation of a friend. 
 The number of lodging and boarding houses in the city 
 is legion ; many of them are all that can be desired, and 
 others — are not. We do not propose to give a list, but 
 we can assure the stranger that, in a very large number 
 
24 
 
 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 of these houses, he may live as comfortably as at a ho- 
 tel, and at veiy considerably less expense. 
 
 Bachelors may find hall-bedrooms, with board, from 
 $8 per week, upward— larger rooms in proportion— and 
 a gentleman and his wife will find accommodation 
 from $20 per week, upward, 
 
 § 12. Table of Distauces. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 .. i.. 
 .. i.. 
 .. i.. 
 .. 1 .. 
 ..U.. 
 .. U .. 
 ..H.. 
 .. 2 .. 
 ..2i.. 
 .. H .. 
 ..2i.. 
 .. 3 .. 
 .. 3i.. 
 ..3*.. 
 ..8i.. 
 .. 4 .. 
 ..4J.. 
 ..H.. 
 ..4i.. 
 .. 5 .. 
 ..Bi .. 
 ..5i .. 
 .. 5f .. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 . I .. 
 . 1 .. 
 . li.. 
 
 . u .. 
 
 . U. 
 . 2 .. 
 . 2i.. 
 
 . n .. 
 
 . 2i.. 
 . 3 .. 
 
 . 3i .. 
 .PA .. 
 . 3f .. 
 . 4 .. 
 
 . 4J.. 
 .U.. 
 . 4i.. 
 . 5 .. 
 . 5i .. 
 
 Rector st. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Leonard. 
 
 Canal. 
 
 Spring. 
 
 iious^ton. 
 
 4th St. 
 
 9tli. 
 
 14th. 
 
 17th. 
 
 24th. 
 
 29ih. 
 
 34th. 
 
 SSth. 
 
 4nh. 
 
 49th. 
 
 54th. 
 
 5?th. 
 
 63(i. 
 
 6Sth. 
 
 73d. 
 
 78th. 
 
 83d. 
 
 1 FBOM THE 
 
 FROM THB 
 
 BATTERY 
 
 CITY HALL 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 .. 6J.. 
 
 .. 5i .. 
 
 .. H.. 
 
 .. 5i.. 
 
 .. 6f.. 
 
 .. 6 .. 
 
 .. 7 .. 
 
 .. 6i.. 
 
 .. 1i.. 
 
 .. 6i.. 
 
 .. 7i.. 
 
 .. 6J.. 
 
 . . n .. 
 
 .. 7 .. 
 
 .. 8 .. 
 
 .. n.. 
 
 .. 6i.. 
 
 .. 7i.. 
 
 .. SK. 
 
 .. 7}.. 
 
 .. 8i.. 
 
 .. 8 .. 
 
 .. 9 .. 
 
 .. Si.. 
 
 .. 9i.. 
 
 .. 8i.. 
 
 .. H .. 
 
 .. 8}.. 
 
 .. 9i.. 
 
 .. 9 .. 
 
 ..10 ., 
 
 . . 91 . . 
 
 ' ..m .. 
 
 .. n.. 
 
 .- Wi .. 
 
 .. 9}.. 
 
 ..10^.. 
 
 ..10 .. 
 
 .. 11 .. 
 
 .. lOi.. 
 
 .. lU.. 
 
 ..m.. 
 
 .. m.. 
 
 ..10}.. 
 
 ..11}.. 
 
 .. 11 .. 
 
 SSth St. 
 
 y3d. 
 
 97th. 
 10-2d. 
 lOTth. 
 112th. 
 117th. 
 l-ilst. 
 12Cth. 
 130th. 
 136th. 
 140th. 
 14.5th. 
 150th. 
 l.')4th. 
 lf)9th. 
 Ifi4th. 
 169th. 
 174th. 
 .ITnth. 
 lS3d. 
 ISSth. 
 193d. 
 
 § 13. Teleg:ra5>h Cmces. 
 
 Telegraph Offices, (Domestic).— Most travelers have frequent oc- 
 casion to use the telegraph, and they will find branch offices at nearly 
 every hotel in the city, and at the various railroad depots. 
 
 Telegrapu Offices, (Foreign).— Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Com- 
 pany's Offices: Produce Exchange, 31 and 33 Broadway; No. 2 Astor 
 House; No. 60 Wall street; No. 11 Broad street; corner Broadway 
 and Howard street ; corner Broadway and 42nd street ; and at 1278 
 Broadway. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 KEW YOEK— DESCEIPTIYE AND HIS- 
 TORICAL. 
 
 1. Description of the City and Harbor.— 2. Historical Sketch of the 
 City.— 3. Sanitary Provisions.— 4. Population of the City, Past and 
 Present. 
 
 § 1. ©escriytlon of the City aaid Harbor. 
 
 N"ew York City, the commercial metropolis of the New 
 World, is situated on Manhattan Island, at the conflu- 
 ence of the Hudson and East Rivers, in Lit. 42°, 42', 42" 
 west from Greenwich. This city enjoys by Nature, al- 
 most every advantage that could be desired to build up 
 a great emporium. Its chartered limits embrace the en- 
 tire island, and are of the same extent as those of the 
 county, running from the Battery at the south point of 
 the Island, north to Kingsbridge, a distance of thirteen 
 and a half miles — with an average breadth of something 
 less than two miles. Its greatest width is about 88th st., 
 where it is two and a half miles wide'. It is bounded on 
 the north by the Harlem River, or Strait, which in its 
 western portion was called, by the Dutch, Spuyten Duy- 
 vil Creek, on the east by the East River, or Strait, whicb 
 separates it from Long Island, on the south by the har- 
 bor, and on the west by the Hudson or North River, 
 which separates it from New Jersey. The width of the 
 Hudson River is here quite uniform, being something 
 more than a mile ; while that of the East River varies, 
 in some places being not more than two-fifths of a mile. 
 
 The city is connected with the main land on the north 
 by several bridges ; and with Long Island, New Jersey, 
 and Staten Island by numerous ferries. The harbor is 
 spacious and commodious, and has a circuit of not less 
 than twenty-five miles. Its shores are covered with va- 
 riegated scenery and numerous villages, and it embraces 
 several beautiful islands. It is of easy entrance, and has 
 sufficient capacity to accommodate the entire navies of 
 the whole world. Dense forests of masts, bearing the 
 flags of all nations, are crowded around the wharves of 
 the city and its suburbs. The currents of the rivers are, 
 3 (25) 
 
26 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 at all times, very strong ; keeping the harbor open in 
 the winter sometimes when other harbors farther south 
 are frozen. In very severe winters, the East River is 
 occasionally obstructed for a short time at high tide by 
 the ice, sufficiently to suspend navigation. 
 
 There is, besides, an outer harbor extending from the 
 Narrows to Sandy Hook, on which point is a lighthouse 
 eighteen miles from the city. At the bar, here, there are 
 twenty- seven feet of water at high tide, and twenty-one 
 feet at low tide. At the wharves of the city the tide 
 rises and falls between four and five feet. 
 
 The inner harbor may also be entered by the way of 
 Long Island Sound ; and, it is almost certain that, when 
 the obstructions, now being removed at Hell Gate, shall 
 be entirely swept away, some of the European lines of 
 steamers will come to the city by the way of the Sound, 
 and have their landing at or above 8()th st. — and it is 
 quite possible that, whoever lives to see the new century 
 come in, will see the commercial centre of the city on the 
 upper end of the Island. 
 
 The islands within the harbor are Governor's, Bed- 
 loe's, and Ellis's Islands, which are all fortified — in a 
 very antique manner however — and Blackwell's, 
 Ward's, and Randall's Islands in the East River. At 
 the Narrows (a strait which separates Long Island from 
 Staten Island), is Fort Lafiiyette ; and, opposite to this, 
 on the Long Island shore, is Fort Hamilton — a modern- 
 built fortress. The width of the Narrows is less than a 
 mile. On the Staten Island shore are Forts Tompkins 
 and Richmond : modem-built fortresses of considerable 
 strength. The entrance to the harbor by the way of 
 Long Island Sound is defended by Fort Schuyler at 
 Throgg's Point, and Fort Wads worth at Willett's Point. 
 
 The city is accessible also from the sea, by the way of 
 the Kills ; a strait which separates Staten Island from 
 the New Jersey shore, and connects the waters of Rari- 
 tan Bay with those of New York harbor. 
 
 The Island was, originally, very rocky and uneven — a 
 ledge of rocks running from the south point to the 
 north and branching off in various directions culminat- 
 ed, finally, at Washington Heights. These ridges are 
 
NEW YOEK CITY AND HAEBOE. 27 
 
 composed of primitive gneiss mixed with granite, horn- 
 blende, slate, and mica — all bearing evidence of violent 
 upheaval. The dip of strata varies from 10° to 60° ; the 
 ranges being frequently broken laterally. The southern 
 part of the Island and the shores in some places are al- 
 luvial sand-beds. The few swampy places are rapidly 
 disappearing before the march of the man who opens 
 and grades the new streets. Those who remember the 
 old skating-ponds on the " Collect," and where Canal st. is 
 to-day, will realize some of these changes. 
 
 Owing to the natural shape of the island, to the fact 
 that it was first settled at its southern extremity, and to 
 the eligibility of that section for the purposes of trade 
 and commerce, it has resulted that the growth of the 
 city has, with successive years, been manifested by a 
 large increase of houses and stores in a northerly direc- 
 tion. In the business portion of the city, the number of 
 dwelling-houses has decreased, yearly ; the old houses 
 suffering demolition, and their places being occupied by 
 new and elegant warehouses. Therefore, in this lower 
 section of the city, the number of inhabitants instead 
 of increasing, or even remaining stationary, has de- 
 creased — while the northern section is rapidly increasing 
 in numbers. The projected Viaduct Railroad will afford 
 facilities for a rapid transit from the upper end of the 
 Island to the City Hall Park, and then this change will 
 become still more noticeable. 
 
 The general plan of the city is regular. In the old or 
 southern part, now almost wholly devoted to business, 
 the principal streets were generally laid out to conform 
 to the shape of the Island, and hence its plan is not con- 
 tinuously uniform ; although each of its large divisions 
 is comparatively regular. The uniform plan of avenues 
 and streets begins at Houston street — one mile above the 
 City Hall. Above this point, the Island is divided lon- 
 gitudinally by parallel avenues 100 feet wide, which are 
 crossed by streets numerically designated, and generally 
 eighty feet wide — in most cases, running from river to 
 river. A few of these streets are 100 feet wide. 
 
 The following graphic picture of some of the striking 
 features of the city is from the pen of Mayor Hall, 
 
28 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 who, in his annual message to the Common Council, 
 says : — 
 
 " New York Island has an area of twenty-two square 
 miles and twenty-nine miles of water front, about three- 
 fourths of which stretches along the Hudson and East 
 Rivers, and the remaining one-fourth upon the Harlem 
 River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The streets, roads, 
 and avenues measure 4G0 miles. 291 miles of these are 
 paved ; 109 miles are unpaved. 19,000 gas-lights are 
 burned every night at the public exi3ense to light this 
 area, water front, and extent of streets. Beneath the sur- 
 face of the city, there are 340 miles of Croton-water 
 pipes and 275 miles of sewers. If we accept the last 
 FedeVal census, the number of our constituents is 942,- 
 252. 1000 horse railway cars, 267 omnibuses, about 
 1,200 licensed vehicles, and quite as many more private 
 vehicles continually traverse the thoroughfares, and sub- 
 ject them to increasing vrear. It is claimed that 40,000 
 horses are constantly stabled or used within the city 
 limits. On the 2Gth day of May last, relieving officers of 
 the ordinance squad, stationed on Broadway, opposite 
 the City Hall, were instructed to report the number of 
 vehicles that, from 7 o'clock a. m. until 7 o'clock p. m., 
 passed and repassed ; and they reported 1G,246, exclu- 
 sive of omnibuses. These specimen statistics imply how 
 great a city we have to care for, keej) in repair, sustain 
 by taxation, protect by policemen, firemen, or sanitary 
 regulations, and make provision for, in respect to its 
 more important future. During' the ten months pre- 
 ceding ]\Iay 1st, 1871, $284,000,000 worth of foreign 
 merchandise, exclusive of s])ecic. was imported into this 
 city. During the same period, New York City paid the 
 government $120,000,000 for duties on imports, and the 
 value of exports, exclusive of specie, was $251,000,000. 
 
 " Certain peculiarities of the city and its people may be 
 serviceably recalled. New York is the cosmopolitan 
 city of the globe. People of all nationalities, many 
 jealousies, and diverse creeds inhabit it. Every good 
 and bad habit of human nature is illustrated within its 
 limits. Every development of misfortune, poverty, vice, 
 and crime is here to be found. To the evil manifesta- 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY. 29 
 
 tions, as well as the excellent ones of our city life, every 
 clime contributes. It is a misfortune to New York pop- 
 ulation that, contributed to as it is by all parts of the 
 world, local pride develops within our city under in- 
 creasing difficulty. Every other city seems to have its 
 pulpit and its citizens more prone from motives of local 
 loyalty, if not to apologize for, or screen, at least to act 
 kindly toward the defects and faults of fellow-citizens 
 and rulers. Topographically, our city is peculiar; be- 
 cause it is long and narrow, and lacks circumference of 
 immediate rural suburbs. The suburbs are really trib- 
 utary cities divided from New York by wide rivers. 
 Nearly sixty per cent, of the daily business inhabitants 
 of New York own or rent their residences in the adjoin- 
 ing country ; and, while their wives and children are 
 practically under the government of other cities and 
 counties, and even States, the business interests and se- 
 curity of person and property of the family men are 
 practically under the government of New York City — 
 and they are more impressed to blame where they have 
 no domestic interests. Thus, while the city possesses, as 
 will be inferred from many of the foregoing references, 
 great advantages for development of commerce and 
 wealth, other references imply how difficult it is to 
 frame, and how vexatious it is for rulers to try and de- 
 velop, a perfect or universally acceptable municipal gov- 
 ernment." 
 
 § 2. Historical Sketch of the City. 
 
 The following succinct historical sketch of the city 
 we quote from " Appleton's Cyclopedia," vol. xii., page 
 284, et seq. 
 
 " Henry Hudson discovered Manhattan island, Sept. 12, 
 1609. A temporary settlement was made by the Dutch 
 in 1612, and a permanent one in 1623, when a small 
 fort was built. The same year the first white child was 
 born in the colony, Sarah Eapalje. Peter Minuits, the 
 first Dutch governor, arrived in 1626, and purchased 
 Manhattan island of the Indians for $24. A new fort 
 was begun in 1633, on the present site of the Battery." 
 
 8* 
 
30 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Wouter van Twiller became governor in 1633, and Wil- 
 liam Kieft in 1638. Tobacco was cultivated and slavery 
 introduced before 1638. In 1644 a city ball was built 
 in Coenties slip, and in 1647 Gov. Stuyvcsant arrived ; 
 he was the last of the Dutch governors, ruling for 17 
 years. In 1653 a wall was built across the island at Wall 
 street, for defence against Indians and the expected 
 troops of Cromwell. In 1656, the city bad 120 bouses 
 and 1,000 inhabitants. Wharfs were built in 1658, and 
 a windmill in 1662. Charles II., having come to the 
 English throne, assumed the Dutcli occupancy in North 
 America to be a usurpation, and on ]\Iarch 12, 1064, 
 granted the entire territory to his brother the duke of 
 York. A small fleet arrived in August, and the city 
 surrendered without resistance, Col. llichard Nicolls as- 
 suming the office of governor. The name (New Am- 
 sterdam) v,-as changed to New York, and an English 
 form of government was established, which lasted 9 
 years ; when, in July, 1673, the Dutch recaptured the 
 city, named it New Orange, made Anthony Colve gov- 
 ernor, rfnd drove out the English. Their triumph was 
 short, for by the peace between England and the states- 
 general, the city was restored to the British crown, and 
 once more called New York, and the Dutch power was 
 finally ended, Nov. 10, 1074. For the remainder of the 
 i7th century, the progress of the city was rapid. The 
 old Dutch charter was replaced in 1686 by a more par- 
 ticular and liberal grant from the crown known as the 
 Dongan charter. The only untoward event of the pe- 
 riod was the unsuccessful rebellion of Jacob Leisler in 
 1689. At the close of the century. New York had 
 about 750 dwellings, and 4,500 white and 750 black in- 
 habitants. The first Trinity church was built in 1696. 
 In 1702 a pestilent fever was brought from St. Thomas, 
 from which nearly 600 persons died, or about 1 in 10 of 
 the population. Some Huguenot families arrived, and, in 
 spite of the state, freedom of religion was practically se- 
 cured. Wall and other streets were paved, watchmen 
 employed, and in 1711 a regular slave market was es- 
 tablished. In 1719 the first Presbyterian church was 
 ■built. The ' New York Gazette,' the. fifth newspaper 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY, 31 
 
 in the colonies, was begun in 1725, and Zenger's ' Week- 
 ly Journal' in 1733. Stages ran to Boston in 1732, 
 being 14 days on the journey, and infectious fever pre- 
 vailed with great fatality. In 1735 occurred the first 
 attack upon the freedom of speech. By the death of 
 Gov. Montgomerie, the duties of the office devolved until 
 the appointment of a new governor upon Rip van Dam, 
 the oldest member of the council. Van Dam officiated 
 a year, when Grov. Cosby arrived, and claimed half the 
 fees collected by Van Dam. A suit followed ; and by 
 the suppression of almost all the forms of justice. Van 
 Dam was beaten. The people took np the quarrel, which 
 was really the first step of separation or distinction be- 
 tween the people of Great Britain and those of the 
 colony; lampoons, satires, and libellous ballads were 
 rife, and the two newspapers joined in the controversy 
 — the 'Gazette' supporting Cosby and the 'Journal' 
 violently opposing him. The council directed certain 
 copies of the ' Journal' to be burned, and ordered the 
 mayor and magistrates to attend the ceremony ; they 
 refused, and the general assembly sympathized with 
 them. Zenger was imprisoned for libel, and Cosby's 
 party strained every nerve to convict him, going so far 
 as to dismiss from the bar eminent lawyers who took 
 his part. Against this, and in the face of the most out- 
 rageous rulings of the court, a jury declared Zenger not 
 guilty. The year 1741 was remarkable for fire, pesti- 
 lence, and insurrection ; the Dutch church in the fort 
 and^a part of the fort itself were burned; yellow fever 
 prevailed to a considerable extent ; and the imaginary 
 negro plot occurred. This so-called plot, which was 
 never proved, created the greatest alarm ; the fire in the 
 fort was charged to the negroes ; arrests were made, 
 and upon the testimony of a single servant girl a num- 
 ber were executed. The most important victim was 
 John Ury, a Roman Catholic priest, doubtless perfectly 
 innocent, who was hanged in August. Within 6 months 
 154 negroes and 20 whites were imprisoned, of whom 
 55 were convicted, 78 confessed, 13 negroes were burned 
 at the stake, 20 were hanged, 78 were transported, and 
 the remainder were discharged. The evidence in any of 
 
32 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 the cnscs would now be considered wortliless. In 1743 
 a pestilence carried off 217 persons, chiefly from marshy 
 localities. In 1750 a theatre was established. In 1755 
 St. Paul's church was built. In that year began the 
 stamp act excitement, and a colonial congress assembled 
 in New York ; figures of the governor and the devil 
 holding the stamp act were burned in public. In 1765 
 the sons of liberty were organized to oppose the stamp 
 act, a committee was appointed to correspond with other 
 colonies, and the governor was burned in etfigy. In 
 1770 a meeting of 3,000 citizens was held, who resolved 
 not to submit to oppression, and a slight collision with 
 the troops occurred ; a committee of 100 was appointed 
 to resist the importation of obnoxious goods, subse- 
 quently restricted to tea only ; the statue of George ILL 
 in the Bowling Green was destroyed, and a marble statue 
 erected to Pitt, for his exertions in the repeal of the 
 stamp act. In 1772, Pitt having become Lord Chatham 
 and changed his course, this statue was mutilated ; it 
 was removed in 1788, and the torso is now at a hotel in 
 West Broadway. In 1773 the vigilance committee agreed 
 to resist the landing of tea, and in 1774 a ship thus laden 
 was stopped at Sandy Hook and sent back to England, 
 18 chests secretly landed being destroyed. The same 
 year, at a great meeting on the common, strong revolu- 
 tionary resolutions were passed. On April 3, 1775, the 
 colonial assembly finally adjourned ; on July 25, dele- 
 gates were elected to the continental congress ; and on 
 Aug. 23 congress ordered Capt. Lamb to remove the 
 cannon from the city forts to the highlands ; resistance 
 was offered from the Asia man-of-war, but 21 pieces, all 
 that were mounted, were secured. On Aug. 26, 1776, 
 by the result of the battle of Long Island, the city fell 
 into the hands of the British, and so remained until the 
 close of the war. On Sept. 21, 1776, a fire destroyed 
 493 houses, all the west side of Broadway from White- 
 hall to Barclay street (one eighth of the city) being laid 
 in ashes. On Aug. 7, 1778, another fire destroyed 800 
 buildings around Cruger's wharf, on the East river. 
 The winter of 1780 was very cold ; ice covered the bay, 
 and heavy teams and artillery crossed to Paulus Hook 
 
mSTOKICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY. 33 
 
 (Jersey City). On Nov. 25, 1783, the British finally 
 evacuated the city, and Gen. Washington marched in ; 
 the day is still annually celebrated under the name of 
 Evacuation Day, During the war the British had nearly 
 destroyed all the churches except the Episcopal, making 
 prisons, riding schools, and stables of them; the college 
 and schools had been closed. In 1785 the first federal 
 coDgress organized at the city hall on the corner of Wall 
 and Nassau streets ; the next year the first Roman Cath- 
 olic church (St. Peter's, Barclay street) was built, and 
 the first divorce suit was brought. The adoption of 
 the federal constitution was grandly celebrated in 1788 ; 
 and the inauguration of President Washington took 
 place at the city hall, April 30, 1789. In 1788 a serious 
 riot occurred at the hospital, in consequence of the care- 
 less exposure of dissected bodies. The doctors were 
 mobbed, their houses invaded, some of them w^ere com- 
 pelled to fly from the city, and others took refuge in the 
 gaol. A census in 1790 showed a population of 29,906. 
 In 1791 yellow fever carried off 200 victims. The city 
 now just reaching the lower corner of the park, began 
 to extend along the Boston road (Bowery) and Broad- 
 way ; an almshouse was built in the park, and had 622 
 inmates in 1795. The park theatre was begun this year 
 and opened in 1789. In the latter year 2,086 persons 
 died in 3 months from yellow fever, wdiich returned at 
 intervals until 1805, but with diminished virulence. 
 The Manhattan company, for supplying the city with 
 water, was chartered in 1799. On Sept. 20, 1803, the 
 comer stone of the city hall was laid by Mayor Living- 
 ston ; the hall was finished in 1812, when the old one in 
 Wall street was sold. In the winter of 1804, 40 stores 
 in Wall and Front streets were burned. The free school 
 society, the germ of the present board of education, was 
 incorporated in 1805. The city had now 78,770 inhabi- 
 tants, and streets were extending across the Canal street 
 marsh, while the collect or swamp where the city prison 
 now stands was being filled up. The spread the popula- 
 tion was stimulated by the yellow fever, which drove a 
 third of the people from their dwellings below the park to 
 the woods and fields north of the fresh water. In 1807 
 
34 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Robert Fulton navigated the first steamboat from near 
 New York to Albany. In 1812 Fulton leased the Brook- 
 lyn ferries for $4,000 a year to run by steam. A great 
 fire in Chatham street in 1811 consumed nearly 100 
 houses. The war of 1812 with Great Britain tempora- 
 rily checked the city's growth, the census in 1814 show- 
 ing a decrease of 2,312 from 1810. In Aug. 1812, exper- 
 iments with gas lights were made in the park. Fulton's 
 steam frigate was launched in Oct, 1814. In 1821 the 
 survey and laying out of the island north of Houston 
 street was completed after 1 years' lal)or. In the winter 
 of this year the Hudson river was frozen over for the 
 first time in 41 years. Yellow fever reappeared in 1822, 
 occasioning a great panic ; the city south of the park 
 was fenced off and nearly deserted, families, merchants, 
 banks, and even the city government removing to Green- 
 wich (now the 9th ward) and upper Broadway ; yet the 
 mortality was not comparatively great, fewer than 200 
 IDersons being victims. This panic materially improved 
 property north of Canal street, and corresi^ondingly ex- 
 panded the city. In 1823 interments south of Canal 
 street were forbidden, Washington square was regulated, 
 and a gas company was organized — gas being first gen- 
 erally used two years later. The city now had 12 wards, 
 and was growing at the rate of 1,000 to 1,500 houses 
 per year — a growth occasioned by the completion of the 
 Erie canal, the first boat from which arrived Xov. 4, 
 1825, The canal celebration was the grandest affair ever 
 known in the country. In the next decade New York 
 received some severe blows from pestilence, fire, and 
 financial disaster. The cholera appeared in 1832, car- 
 rying off" 8,513 persons, and again in 1834, taking 971. 
 On Dec. 16, 1835, the most disastrous fire known to the 
 city swept the 1st ward east of Broadway and below 
 "Wall street, destroying 648 of the most valual)le stores, 
 the merchants' exchange and the South Dutch church, 
 and property valued at more than $18,000,000. With 
 almost miraculous energy the city was rising from these 
 ashes, when the financial explosion of 1837 came, with 
 suspension of specie payments, failures, and bankruptcy 
 throughout the country. Even this, however, but mo- 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY. 35 
 
 mentarily checked the progress of the city, her popula- 
 tion increasing from 202,600 in 1830 to 312,700 in 1840. 
 In 1842 the Croton water was introduced. On July 19, 
 1845, a great fire occurred between Broadway, Exchange 
 place, Broad and Stone streets, destroying over $5,000,000 
 worth of property. Within 40 years theatres have been 
 burned as follows: the Park in 1821 and 1848; the 
 Bowery in 1828, 1836, 1838 and 1845 ; the Mount Pitt 
 circus in 1828; La Fayette in 1829; the National in 
 1839 and 1841 ; Niblo's in 1846 ; the Franklin in 1849. 
 In 1849, by legislative act and vote of the people, radi- 
 cal changes were made in the city charter, the selection 
 of leading officers being opened to popular suffrage, and 
 the police partially (since wholly) taken from the con- 
 trol of the mayor. The most serious popular disturb- 
 ance of recent times was the Astor j)lace riot in May, 
 1849, growing out of the assumed hostility of two 
 prominent actors. Cholera came again in the summer 
 of 1849 and carried off 5,071 persons; and lastly in 
 1854, when 374 died. The first city railroad was built 
 in 1852, in anticipation of the projected industrial ex- 
 hibition, which opened with great ceremony (the presi- 
 dent of the United States officiating) July 14, 1853, in 
 a magnificent crystal palace in the form of a Greek 
 cross, built of iron and glass, 365^ feet in diameter each 
 way, with galleries, and a dome 123 feet high and 100 
 wide, the flooring covering 5f acres. This building was 
 burned in 1858. In 1857 occurred another financial 
 panic, but its consequences were not extensively disas- 
 trous. In the same year the radical change in the con- 
 trol of the police made by the legislature, and the 
 resistance to the act by Mayor Wood, resulted in 
 popular disturbances in June and July. The first se- 
 rious trouble was on June 9, when a conflict occurred for 
 the possession of the street commissioner's office — the 
 governor having appointed a new head, and the mayor 
 refusing to deliver the keys. An order was issued for 
 the arrest of the mayor, and a detachment of the new or 
 metropolitan police went with the officer to serve it. 
 They were resisted by the old or municipal police, who 
 adhered to the mayor, and a savage tight ensued on the 
 
36 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 steps of the city hall ; many were hurt, but none killed* 
 The 7th regiment chanced to be on parade for a visit to 
 Boston, and were summoned to the city hall. The gov- 
 ernor of the state came to the city, but the whole matter 
 was soon transferred to the courts in the form of a suit 
 for possession of the disputed office. There was no fur- 
 ther disturbance until July 3, when the decision of the 
 court ot appeals sustaining the new police law was an- 
 nounced. This law had been violently denounced by 
 the mayor, and the more turbulent and dangerous of the 
 people openly resisted it. Under pretence of obedience 
 to the court of last resort, the mayor disbanded his 
 police on the eve of the national celebration. On the 
 4th the usual license of a holiday led to various disturb- 
 ances, resulting finally in a serious conflict known as the 
 ' dcatl rabbit riot.' The dead rabbits were a faction of 
 the rowdy and vagabond boys and young men of the 
 Five Points, mostly composed of thieves and convicts. 
 On the night of the 8d they attacked the police patrol- 
 men in the Bowery, but were driven off by another fac- 
 tion known as Bowery boys. The next day an assault 
 was made upon the police in Jackson street, and in the 
 evening there was a series of fights in the Five Points, 
 where even the women threw bricks, stones, pots and ket- 
 tles at the police from the tops of the houses. The Bowery 
 boys mingled in the fight also, and for hours there was 
 a running contest over most of the Gth ward. There 
 was some pistol firing, and the mob got possession of a 
 howitzer, but did not use it. Order was restored by 
 calling out a detachment of the militarj^ who marched 
 to and fro over the ground, where they found piles of 
 bricks and stones, ready for use by the mob. Some of the 
 l^olice were badly bruised, and one died from his 
 wounds; 11 persons in all lost their lives through this 
 riot. — The original charter of New York city was 
 granted by James II. in 1G86, amended by Queen Anne 
 in 1708, further enlarged by George IT. in 1730, con- 
 firmed by the general assembly of the province in 1732, 
 and specially athrmed after the revolution by the state 
 legislature. This charter was of the most liberal na- 
 ture ; it made Xew York practically a free goverumeni, 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY. 6i 
 
 establisliecl an elective council, and gave unusual privi- 
 leges to the people. The most important property 
 grants were the exclusive possession and control of the 
 waters to low water mark on all the shores opposite 
 Manhattan island, with the ownership of the ferries for 
 all time, and the proprietorship of all waste and unoc- 
 cupied lands on the island. The 'mayor, aldermen, 
 and commonalty ' were made a perpetual corporation ; 
 municipal officers were created ; an annual election was 
 ordered, at which all freeholders and those made free- 
 men by act of the city might vote ; full power was con- 
 ferred to make roads, bridges, and ferries, establish 
 markets, regulate the sale of merchandise, make free 
 citizens, hold courts and administer justice, erect and 
 own wharfs, grant licenses for all manner of retail trade, 
 and to all necessary acts for the establishment and 
 maintenance of the government. The mayor was ap- 
 pointed by the provincial governor and council until 
 the revoluti(m ; by the state governor and council of 
 appointment until 1821 ; by the common council until 
 1834; and thenceforward by the people in general elec- 
 tion. No direct changes were i^iade in this charter for 
 100 years ; but much of the judicial power had been 
 transferi^xl to regular courts, and the number of mem- 
 bers of the common council had increased with the 
 growth of the city. In 1829 the people in city conven- 
 tion prepared, and the legislature adopted, the amended 
 charter of 1830. It divided the common council into 
 two boards of concurrent powers, gave the mayor a 
 veto, and provided against extravagance by prohibiting 
 the drawing of money from the treasury except upon 
 previous specific appropriations. The next amendments 
 were made in 1849, when the government was divided 
 into 7 departments, the head of each being elected by 
 the people ; the mayor's term was extended to two 
 years ; and further checks were put upon hasty or 
 VN-asteful expenditures by requiring previous publicity 
 and prohibiting members of the common council from 
 being interested in city work. In 1853 the board of 
 a'^sistant aldermen was changed to a board of 60 coun- 
 cilmen, the term of aldermen extended to two years, and 
 
38 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 city works and property were ordered to be let or sold 
 by contract or at auction; the aldermen were displaced 
 from the court of sessions and the oyer and terminer, 
 and the appointment of policemen (up to this time 
 made practically by the aldermen) was confided to the 
 mayor, city judge, and recorder. The last and most im- 
 portant changes were made by the amendments of 1857; 
 the city was redistricted for aldermen, reducing the 
 number from 22 to 17 ; the GO councilmen were reduced 
 to 24 ; the aldermen were no longer supervisors, a new 
 county board being created ; the mayor and common 
 council were entirely dissevered from the police; the 
 salaries of aldermen and councilmen were abolished 
 (but have since been restored), and their powers were 
 materially restricted, particularly in the license for sell- 
 mg liquors, that duty going to a special commission ; 
 the mode of choosing heads of departments was changed 
 in several instances from election to appointment by the 
 mayor and aldermen ; some departments were abol- 
 ished ; and still further safeguards were enacted against 
 reckless expense, by requiring a nearly unanimous vote 
 to exceed certain specitied appropriations, and making 
 malfeasance on the part of a member of the common 
 council an indictable olfense. But with all these changes, 
 the charter of 17l!0, known as the ' Montgomerie char- 
 ter,' is recognised as the fountain head of city govern- 
 ment, and upon its liberal provisions rest the vast public, 
 and private interests of the municipality." 
 
 In 1800, Abraham Lincoln, the Rei^ublican candidate, 
 was elected President of the United States. The result 
 of this election so exasperated the South, believing, as 
 they did, that it was a declaration of determined hostil- 
 ity on the part of the North, that they began at once to 
 demand secession, and it was but a few weeks before 
 eleven of the States seceded from the Union. In the 
 attempt by the Government to provision Fort Sumter, 
 April, 1801, the first gun w^as tired by the Confederate 
 troops, assembled at Charleston, and the rebellion was 
 fully inaugurated. The excitement in the city of New 
 York, when the telegraph brought the news of the 
 firing upon Fort Sumter, was intense. Immediately the 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CITY. 39 
 
 city prepared for war. Money was freely voted^ and 
 troops sent forward ; barracks were thrown up on all the 
 public squares, and Broadway formed a portion of the 
 highway for all the northern and eastern troops on their 
 way to Washington. Business of every kind, except that 
 which was connected with furnishing supplies to the Gov- 
 ernment, was paralysed. Fortunes were rapidly lost in 
 one direction and made in the other. In July, 1863, the 
 great riot occurred — resistance to the draft being the 
 nominal occasion, though many believed it to be foment- 
 ed by Southern emissaries, especially as its greatest fury 
 was mainly directed against the negroes. For a few days 
 the city seemed to be given up to the demon of misrule, 
 owing to the inefficiency of the rulers, and people were 
 murdered, houses were pillaged and burned, and proper- 
 ty to a very large amount destroyed, but it was finally 
 arrested, as such riots only can be, by a free discharge of 
 grape shot; the most merciful and effective remedy 
 for such a disease. 
 
 In November, 1864, Mr. Lincoln was re-elected Presi- 
 dent by a very large vote, and in the spring of 1865, he 
 was assassinated in the theatre at Washington,, by John 
 Wilkes Booth, The whole country was stunned at the 
 news, and in the city of New York the hearts of men, 
 women and children, were bowed in grief. The day of 
 the funeral ceremonies will be remembered by every one 
 who witnessed them. Every house, every church, and 
 in fact, every building and every street in the city, was 
 draped in black. A month or two later the war was 
 brought to a close ; and Broadway was again the march- 
 ing ground for the soldiers ; but now, it was for home 
 they were bound. They were welcomed with salvos of 
 artillery, and what was better, with -plentifully sujjplied 
 tables ; the barracks disappeared, and the city again 
 assumed its normal air. The total number of troops 
 furnished to the war by the city was 116,382. 
 
 In 1866 the city was threatened with another visita- 
 tion of cholera, but nothing serious came of it. In May 
 of this year the Academy of Music was burned. 
 
 In 1870, a new charter for the city was passed by the 
 legislature. Under it, the Mayor and Common Council, 
 
40 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 (consisting of Aldermen and Assistant Aldermen,) are 
 elected by the people at large, the Aldermen being 
 chosen on a general ticket. The Street and Aqueduct De- 
 partments are consolidated in one, called the Depart- 
 ment of Public Work<5, and a Department of Docks, De- 
 partment of Public Parks, a Fire Department, a Health 
 Department, and a Police Board are created, the heads 
 of which are all appointed by the Mayor. TJie old Board 
 of Supervisors was abolished by another bill. This 
 charter took effect in May, 1870. The year 1871 will be 
 memorable to the city on account of the great ri )t oc- 
 casioned by the parade of the Orangemen, July 12, 
 which was only suppressed after the loss of a number 
 of lives ; and also for the fearful destruction of human 
 life by the explosion of the Staten Island Ferry steamer, 
 Westlield, on Sunday, July 80— by which more than a 
 hundred people were killed, and a large number wound- 
 ed. 
 
 § 3. Sanitary Provisions^ 
 
 Strangers will be interested in knowing what public 
 provisions are made here for the safety and comfort, not 
 only of the inhabitants of the city, but also, what se- 
 curity against accident there may be, and what treatment 
 they are likely to receive themselves in case of any acci- 
 dent or of sudden illness. From the first report of the 
 newl3'-organized Board of Health, and from the Report of 
 the Superintendent of Buildings, therefore, we make the 
 following extracts, which will go to show that security 
 against accident and the care of the public health are in 
 the hands of intelligent and faithful oflicers, and that, 
 to secure this end, all known means are provided ; such 
 as security against unsafe buildings; fire-escapes; the 
 ambulance system, for saving life and lessening suffer- 
 ing; and 25ublic urinals and drinking hydrants: 
 
 Unsafe Buildings, — " 1,073 buildings reported to 
 be unsafe have been examined, and of these, Gl have 
 been taken down and entirely removed, 730 have been 
 made safe and secure — the balance being either in pro- 
 cess of removal or being made secure." 
 
SANITAKY PEOVISIONS. 41 
 
 FiRE-EscAPES. — "3,678 fire-escapes Lave been pro- 
 vided for buildings reported as requiring means of es- 
 cape in case of fire, during the year ending April 5tb, 
 1871. Daring the year several instances have occurred, 
 where life would, undoubtedly, have been sacrificed but 
 for the means of escape thus provided. 
 
 " In regard to hotels, proceedings have been institut- 
 ed to render them more secure in this respect — and, with 
 a single exception, all the owners and proprietors of 
 these buildings have expressed their willingness to co- 
 operate with the Department as soon as proper plans 
 can be adojoted which will insure safety. On some of the 
 hotels, these improvements are already in progress." 
 
 The Ambulance System. — The ambulance system, 
 established in 1869, has been found of inestimable value 
 as a means of saving life and reducing suffering. Six 
 ambulances have been provided, and, under the rules 
 established, horses stand harnessed day and night, ready 
 to be attached for the conveyance of persons wounded 
 or taken ill in the public streets. The ambulances are 
 equipped with surgical instruments, bandages, restora- 
 tives, etc. ; and, on notice by telegraph from a police 
 station of the occurrence of a casualty, an ambulance 
 is dispatched in charge of a surgeon, who applies such 
 remedies as may be required, and determines, from the 
 condition of the patient, whether he may be safely 
 removed to his home, or to Bellevue, or the Reception 
 Hospital. During the past year there have been 1,401 
 patients thus removed; of whom, 1,066 were received 
 from the several police precinct stations, 297 transferred 
 from the Reception Hospital to Bellevue Hospital, and 
 38 from private residences. By the demolition of the 
 New York Hospital, the city was deprived of hospital 
 accommodation below Twenty-sixth street. The area 
 south of that street comprises six square miles, and con- 
 tains a resident population of 300,000 persons ; but, 
 throughout the business hours of the day, it may safely be 
 assumed, the population gathered from all parts of the 
 city and the adjacent country is at least three-fold, or, 
 nearly 1,000,000 — besides containing three-fourths of the 
 
42 GUIDE TO KEW YORK. 
 
 shipping of the port. In that crowded and busy portion 
 of the city, the hirger number of casualties occur. To 
 atone for the great public loss by the destruction of the 
 New York Hospital, the Legislature of 18G8 directed the 
 Commissioners to provide a Reception Hospital at some 
 point south of Grand street; but, because of an error in 
 the language of the act, the law was inoperative. The 
 Legislature, at the last session, corrected the error ; and 
 the Commissioners endeavored, though unsuccessfully, to 
 find a suitable site, till the Commissioners of the Public 
 Parks generously assigned them the temporary use of a 
 building in the City Hall Park. The urgent need of re- 
 ception hospitals has been demonstrated during the j)ast, 
 summer. Since the 27th of June last to the 1st of Jan- 
 uary, there have been receiveil at the Reception Hospi- 
 tal in the Park, 723 patients who had been wounded or 
 taken seriously ill in the streets. Of this number, ac- 
 cording to tbe testimony of the physician in charge, 72 
 patients would have died in the ambulance, had the at- 
 tempt been made to convey them to Bellevue Hospital 
 or to their homes. 
 
 § 3. Population of the City, Present aucl 
 Pai^t. 
 
 Full returns of the census of 1870 give a grand total 
 of 942,292, as the popuhation of this municipality; of 
 this number, 510,553 are native whites, 418,646 are 
 whites of foreign birth, and 13,093 are colored. 
 
 The following table shows the increase in the number 
 of inhabitants since 1790 : 
 
 Years. ' Pop^ilation. Year. 
 
 1790 23,133 ■■ 
 
 1800 : 60,529 
 
 1810 96,373 
 
 1820 123,706 
 
 1830 197,091 
 
 1840 312,710 
 
 1850 512,547 
 
 1860 813,663 
 
 1870 942,293 ] 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 IMPOETANT IMPROYEMENTS IN 
 PEOGEESS. 
 
 1. Improt-ement in Docks and Piers. — 2. The Viaduct Railway.— 3. The 
 Brooklyn Bridge.— 4, The Great Union Passenger Railroad Depot. 
 
 § 1. SmprovemeiBt in I>oelis. 
 
 When the present Commission of the Department 
 of Ducks was organized by the Legislature, tliey found 
 the property committed to their care utterly inade- 
 quate to accommodate the immense commerce of the 
 port, all the existing wharves, piers, and bulkheads be- 
 ing built of perishable materials, in a very imperfect 
 manner; the piers being too narrow to allow vessels to 
 load or discharge cargo at both sides thereof simultane- 
 ously, and of insuiScient length to afford accommodations 
 for large steamers engaged in the European trade. In 
 consequence of this w^ant of accommodation, several 
 lines of steamers now occupy wharves in New Jersey, 
 which doubtless would have come to New York had 
 the proper provision been made for them here. 
 
 The greater number of existing piers and bulkheads 
 were found to require extensive repairs, and many of 
 them to be wholly or partially rebuilt, their condition 
 being such as to render them totally unfit for commer- 
 cial purposes. 
 
 After advertising for plans for improvem.eiits, and 
 maturely considering all that have been laid before 
 them ,the following is, in brief, the plan they propose : 
 
 First. To construct a permanent river wall of Beton 
 and masonry, or masonry alone, so far outside of the 
 existing bulkheads as to give a river street 250 feet wide 
 along the North Kiver, 200 feet wdde on the East River, 
 from the Battery to Thirty-first Street, and 175 feet 
 wide north of that point. 
 
 Second. To build piers projecting from the river wall, 
 of ample dimensions, adequate construction, and, so far 
 
44 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 as possible, affording an unobstructed passage for the 
 water. 
 
 Third. Whenever it is necessary, to cover these piers 
 with substantial sheds suitable to the requirements of 
 each case. 
 
 In carrying into execution the proposed improve- 
 ments along the water front of New York, it is obvious 
 that they should be extended only as the requirements 
 of commerce demand. 
 
 The commerce of New York is now accommodated 
 by the following extent of wharf facilities, viz: 
 
 North River, from the Battery to Sixty-first Street, a 
 bulkhead with an ajrgregate length of 23,1^'3 feet, and 
 an ag.aregatc length of piers of 31,229 feet, with a pier 
 area of 1, HOG, 024 square feet. 
 
 East River, from the Battery to Fifty-first Street, 2G,- 
 494.feet of bulkhead, and an aggrecate length of piers 
 of 10,139 feet, with a pier area of 7in,G44 square feet. 
 
 Thus tlie bulkhead and piers together give a wharf 
 line of 150,208 feet, or 28^ miles, with a pier area of 
 2,322,6G8 square feet. By wharf line is meant all that 
 portion of the river wall and piers that vessels can ap- 
 proach. Considerable portions of this wharf liue are 
 practically useless from insufficient depth of water and 
 other causes. Tlie proposed arrangement of the water 
 front, including the new river wall, and a far better dis- 
 position of the piers, gives, on the North River, from 
 the Battery to Sixty-first Street, a river wall line of 25,- 
 743 feet, and a pier length of 37,529 feet, with a pier 
 area of 3,325 COO square feet; and on the East River, 
 from the Batterv to Fifty-first Street, a river wall line of 
 27,995 feet, and'a jjier length of about 28,000 feet, with 
 a pier area of about 1,780,009 square feet. 
 
 Thus in the proposed system the piers and river wall 
 together will give a wharf line of about 195,000 feet, or 
 about 37 miles, and the piers alone will have an area of 
 about 5,105,000 square feet, sufficient, it is safe to say, 
 to accommodate a commerce vastly greater than thats 
 which now finds its wav to the water front of New 
 York. 
 
 The proposed arrangement will give, between Grand 
 
THE VIADUCT RAILWAY. 45 
 
 Street and West Eleventh Street, a wliarf line of 21 43- 
 100 miles (greater than the whole existing quay line of 
 Liverpool, including the new constructions at Birken- 
 head, which amount in all to about 20f miles), against 
 an existing line within the same limits of 20 7-100 
 miles, and from the superiority of the arrangement in 
 the increased width of the piers, slips, and river streets, 
 and the greater depth of water making every foot 
 available for use, will accommodate with ease a much 
 greater commerce than now exists. 
 
 § 2. The Vladtict Ksiilivay. 
 
 The Act of the Legislature authorizing this Company 
 is as follows : 
 
 " The Company is authorized to construct two Via- 
 duct Railways or branches through the city of Kew 
 York, on the east and west sides thereof, from a common 
 starting point at or near Chambers street, between 
 Broadway and Chatham street : also across the Harlem 
 River and through Westchester County : with power to 
 build additional lines of railway or branches, from time 
 to time, in any part of the City or Westchester County. 
 Tlie property acquired hy the Company is exempted from 
 taxes and assessments during the period allowed for the 
 final completion of the railway in the city. The Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and Commonalty of New York are author- 
 ized and directed with the approval of the Commis- 
 sioners of the Sinking Fund, to subscribe for Five Mil- 
 lions of dollars of the stock of the Company, whenever 
 one million of dollars thereof has been subscribed for by 
 private parties. [ This conditional ajnount of stock has 
 heen wholly suhscrited for and taken hy the Directors of 
 the Company.] On the completion of either of the lines 
 of railway to the line of Westchester County, the Super- 
 visors of that County are authorized to issue the bonds 
 of the County to such amount as the Supervisors shall 
 deem expedient, to aid in the construction and exten- 
 sion of the railway in and through that County. For 
 the proper equalization of the interest of shareholders 
 who may subscribe, and pay in moneys at different 
 
46 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 times, {he Directors are authorized to issue scrip for 
 interest on such payments, payable out of the earn- 
 ino:s." 
 
 The want of some means of rapid transit between the 
 lower, business portion of the city, and the upper end 
 of the Island and Westchester County, has already dri- 
 ven hundred? of thousands of Ne^v Yorkers to seek 
 domicils across the rivers, on Long Island and in New 
 Jersey. Various plans to accomplish this transit have 
 been proposed, discussed, and abandoned as impractica- 
 ble, until at last, the Viaduct Railway has been pro- 
 jected, approved, authorized, and the execution of the 
 project is committed to some of the wealthiest and most 
 prominent men in the city, who are so sanguine of its 
 feasibility and completion that it is already looked 
 upon as an accomplished fact. 
 
 § 3. The Brooklyn Bridg^c. 
 
 This long-needed means of additional facilities ot 
 commnnication with its principal suburb, is now in a 
 fair way of being realized by the City of Kew York. 
 The new bridge will be of more importance perhaps to 
 Brooklvn than to New York, if we regard tliem as dis- 
 tinct cities; but, in fact, Brooklyn is as much a part of 
 New York as Ilarlem is. ]More than 100,000 of its male 
 inhabitants cross over the ferries to New York every 
 day to their business ; their bedrooms and their busi- 
 ness being much nearer together than they would be if 
 they lived above Twentictli street, in New York City. 
 The day is probably not far distant when the two cities 
 will be incorporated under one government. 
 
 The work ou the bridge is progressing rapidly. The 
 abutment on the Brooklyn side already towers above 
 the surrounding objects, and the work of dredging is 
 going on on the New York side, preparatory to laying 
 the caisson. The landing place on the New York side 
 will be near that of the Viaduct Railway, in the vicinity 
 of the City Hall Park. The Brooklyn terminus it is ex- 
 pected will be s<jmewhere in the vicinity of the corner 
 of Sands and Fulton streets. But, it will take several 
 years to complete the work. 
 
THE GREAT RAILROAD PASSENGER DEPOT. 47 
 
 § 4. The Untosa Hailroad Passengea* Bepot, 
 
 The Great Uuion Railroad Passenger Depot at Forty- 
 second street is at length completed ; and the passenger 
 trains of the New York and New Haven, the Harlem 
 and the Hudson River Railroads are all now accommo- 
 dated with a depot under one roof. 
 
 This magnificent structure, the largest of its kind, and 
 incomparably the most elegant in the couiitrj^, the most 
 complete, and the best adapted for its purposes of any 
 in the world, is a nol)le and fit monument to the fore- 
 sight of its eminent projector, and is well worth a visit 
 and careful inspection by any stranger. 
 
 The building extends from Forty-second street to 
 Forty-fifth street, 692 feet; and, from Fourth avenue to 
 a new street on the west side, which runs from Forty- 
 second to Forty-fifth street, 240 feet, and has an average 
 height of 60 feet. On three sides the walls are of brick, 
 with iron trimmings. The Forty-fifth street front is 
 cast-iron. The roof is wrought-iron, supported by semi- 
 circular trusses 199 feet span, and has a clear height of 
 90 feet, covered with galvanized iron and glass. The 
 building is in the Renaissance style of architecture, and 
 is supplied with every necessary appointment. 
 
 The basement story is occupied by two large restau- 
 rants for gentlemen, and two for ladies and gentlemen ; 
 and has five large stores for general business purposes. 
 The ground floor on the Forty-second street front is oc- 
 cupied b}^ the New Haven Company for waiting and 
 baggage-rooms ; the side on the new street by the Har- 
 lem and Hudson River Companies for the same purposes ; 
 the trains entering at the Forty-fifth street front. The 
 second story furnishes business offices for the three com- 
 panies. 
 
 The car-house has capacity to contain 150 passenger- 
 cars. Passengers for the trains are admitted by way of 
 the waiting-rooms. City horse-cars will be admitted to 
 the depot on the arrival of trains, for the accommodation 
 of passengers. In each waiting-room is a telegraph office 
 and a newspaper stand. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 PUBLIC PAEKS AIS^D SQUARES. 
 
 1. The Central Park.— 2. The Battery.— 3. The Bowliag Green.— 4. The 
 CiiyKU Purk.--5. Watlnniiton Square.— 6. Tompkins Square. — 7. 
 Uniou Square.— 8. Madison Square.— 0. Mount Morris Square. 
 
 § 1. The Central Park. 
 
 [One of the departments orsranjzed under the ncAv charter of the city, 
 is the Dep'trtment of IvUic Pinks. The comtnissionera appointed 
 under tbis act have charge ot all the parks, squares, and boulevards of 
 the' city ; and, under their adiuinistrution, a vigorous and radical im- 
 provement lias been, or is now, making in every park or square in the 
 city.] 
 
 ^ If that oliject be entitled to be called the most attrac- 
 tive which has the most visitors. Central Park may be 
 fairly pronounced New York City's chiefest attraction. 
 
 It is centrally located on the island ; being bounded 
 by oOch street on the south and 110th street on the 
 north, by the 5th avenue on the east and the 8tli avenue 
 on the vv^est. In form, it is an elongated parallelogram 
 —about two and a half miles in length, and half a mile 
 in -widtl). The southern boundary t)f the park is about 
 the same distance from the Battery, as the northern is 
 from the extreme northern point of the island ; to wit, 
 about live and a half miles. 
 
 Access. — The Park is readily accessible from every 
 ortion of the city; having several gates of entrance 
 at each end, as well as along its sides. 
 
 The Eighth ave. street cars will drop visitors at the 
 south-west corner of the Park, which is an entrance for 
 pedestrians, equestrians, or carriages. These cars also 
 stop at all the entrances on the west side of the Park 
 above this entrance. The Sixth ave. street ctirs run to the 
 o9th street gate, which is an entrance for pedestrians 
 and equestrians. 
 
 The Broadway street cars will drop passengers at the 
 7th ave. gate, which is for pedestrians only. The Belt 
 
CENTRAL PARK. 49 
 
 Line street-cars drop Tisitors at cither of these 59th street 
 gates. 
 
 The principal carriage entrance is at 59th street and 
 Fifth ave, ; the entrance gates on this avenue are most 
 easily reached from the Third ave. street cars. The 
 gates are at 72d, 79th, 90th, 96th, 102d, and 110th 
 streets : the last is the carriage entrance from the north- 
 east. 
 
 The fare on all these street cars to 59th street is five 
 cents ; on the Eighth ave. line, above 59th street, to 
 72d street, 8 cents; above that, 10 cents; and on Third 
 ave. line above 65th street, 1 cent. 
 
 Having landed at either of these entrances, the visi- 
 tor has three different ways before him to see the Park. 
 He may, if a good walker and have the time, see it best 
 on foot. If he would ride, and at the same time study 
 economy, he may get into one of the Park carriages, 
 which will be found at the south-west corner of the 
 Park at Eighth ave., and, for 25 cents, he will be carried 
 the whole circuit of the Park to the starting place. We 
 would recommend him, however, to be let out of the 
 carriage on the west side of the Ramble, which he may 
 then visit ; after which, he can go to the Terrace by way 
 of the Lake, and then on by way of the Mall to 
 any one of the 59th street gates. This would, how- 
 ever, give but a limited idea of the things to be seen in 
 the Park, as he will readily discover, if he will buy a 
 Park guide (Miller's is probably the best), before he goes 
 there. The third plan is, to take a carriage from your 
 hotel, or hire one at some of the gates, when as much 
 time may be given to the excursion as the visitor pleases 
 — but, bear in mind that, to see many of the most inter- 
 esting things in the Park, one must spend a great deal 
 of time on liis feet. 
 
 The total area of the Park is . . 862 acres 
 
 Length of carriage drives, completed . . 9^ miles 
 bridle roads '' . . 5^ " 
 
 " " walks " . . 28 " • 
 
 The most interesting portion of the Park to many vis- 
 itors will be the Bamtle^ which can only be seen while 
 5 
 
50 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 on foot. Then, there are the Terrace, the Mall^ the Cen- 
 tral Lalce^ the Museum, the Zoological Garden, the Res- 
 ervoirs, the Belxedere, the Bridges, etc.. etc. ; all objects 
 of interest. The skating season, -which begins about 
 Christmas, but is of uncertain duration, is a favorite time 
 for many people to visit the Park. Visitors must bear 
 in mind that the scene changes every month- -that the 
 flowers and foliage of June give place to those of later 
 dates; and, if they would see all there is to be seen in 
 the Park, they must visit it frequently and at diiierent 
 seasons of the year. 
 
 The plan of our Guide-Book does not admit of a de- 
 scription of the various interesting objects to be seen in 
 the Park. To point out and describe them would re- 
 quire a volume larger than we propose to make. Our 
 task is done when we give tlie location, means of access, 
 and advise how best to see it. 
 
 The PEorosED Art Museum in Central Park. — 
 By a recent act of the Legislature of the State, which 
 has received the approval of the Governor, the Board of 
 Commissioners of Public Parks are authorized to erect 
 and maintain upon that jjoriion of Central Park known 
 as Manhattan Square, a suitable building for the use of 
 the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The same act also 
 authorizes the city authorities to issue bonds to the 
 amount of a million of dollars, the proceeds ^of which 
 are to be appropriated to the erection of two buildings 
 — one for the Museum of xVrt, the other for the Museum 
 of Natural History. Already a large sum has been sub- 
 scribed by our wealthy citizens for the purchase of pic- 
 tures, and negotiations arc proceeding for the acquisition 
 of a valualjle collection of European pictures. Works 
 of art of all kinds will be provided for; coins, vases, 
 l>ronzes, manuscripts, etc., etc. ; and it is the intention 
 of the trustees, amongwhom are some of our most pub- 
 lic-spirited citizens, to establish an institution that shall 
 take rank among the first in the world. 
 
THE BOWLING GREEN. 51 
 
 § 2. The Biittei-y. 
 
 The old New Yorker who remembers the Battery fifty 
 years ago ; when around it were congregated the most 
 fashionable residences and the wealthiest people of the 
 city ; when it was the great fashionable promenade and 
 flirting ground of the city; will scarcely believe now, 
 that there is any longer such a place. Fashion deserted 
 it years ago, and the once elegant residences of the 
 city's nabobs are now turned into stores, and emigrant 
 boarding-houses. Castle Garden has become the emigrant 
 landing place, and the Battery a sad reminiscence of 
 better days. But the Battery, in its natural advantages, 
 has attractions as a place of recreation, unsurpassed, 
 probably, by those of any similar public place in the 
 world. The magnificent view of the harbor, al ways alive 
 with the movement of ships and steamers and the scenery 
 of its surrounding shores, the fresh invigorating sea breeze 
 combine to make it at once the most wholesome and 
 the most inspiriting means of bodily and mental re- 
 freshment within the immediate reach of our citizens. 
 The Battery, with the improvements which have been 
 I3ut upon it, has been rendered a delightful place for the 
 wearied toilers in its vicinity, and an attractive resort 
 for the stranger. The sea wall has been completed, and 
 a large space filled in ; the grounds laid out in plots, 
 elegant and picturesque in appearance, and over a thou- 
 sand trees and bushes have been planted. When the 
 stranger is on the Battery, let him not forget to look at 
 the house at the S. W. corner of Broadway and State 
 street, called now the Washington Hotel. This, in Rev- 
 olutionary times, was the Kennedy House, where Wash- 
 ington and Lee had their head-quarters, and is one of 
 the very few houses left in the city which can date so far 
 back as the days of the Revolution. 
 
 § 3. The Bowling: Green. 
 
 This spot has always been a prominent point of in- 
 terest to the New Yorker as well as to the stranger vis- 
 itor. Here, in 1780, was erected an Equestrian statue of 
 
52 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 George III., made of lead ; a few years later, soldiers 
 and citizen? joined in pulling it dov/n, and the lead was 
 run into bullets which were used by the soldiers in the 
 American army. Several attempts at improving this 
 .,pot have been made within the last half century. A 
 few New Yorkers will remember the first fountain erec- 
 ted theTe — denounced by some as an unsightly pile of 
 stones — and the two beautiful flamingoes which were 
 kept there. The railing around the Green, a relic of 
 Revolutionary times, has been repaired and painted, and 
 the gates and coping reset. The fountain has been put 
 in good order, and is kept playing, the ground sodded, 
 new walks luid out, with posts and chains guarding 
 them, and neat settees provided for the comfort of way- 
 farers, and of those who may desire to frequent this con- 
 veniently situated little spot. New trees have been 
 substituted for those which were dead or dying, and 
 slirubbery, and flowers added, and it has been made one 
 of the most beautiful and attractive places iii the city. 
 
 § 4. The City Hall Park 
 
 Is becoming so encumbered with buildings that it re- 
 quires some stretch of the imagination to call it a park. 
 The city hall, new court-house, old court-houses and re- 
 cord othce we have already l)ecome familiar with, and 
 now comes the new post-office, which appropriates a 
 large slice of the southern end of the park. But with 
 all these drawbacks the City Hall Park will always be an 
 attractive point in the city. The new commissioners 
 have vastly improved this park during the past year in 
 every respect. They have added to the width of the 
 carrfage-way in Broadway, the space formerly used for 
 walks ; removed the old iron railing, repaired all the 
 sidew^alks with the improved asphaltun pavement, 
 and the present condition of the City Hall Park, with 
 its cultivated enclosures, its trees, shrubbery, fountains 
 and leaved walks, commands universal approval. 
 
TOMPKINS' SQUAKE. 53 
 
 § 5. Wasliingtoii Sawarc. 
 
 [Bounded by Macdougal street on the west, "Wayerley 
 Place on the north, University Place on the east, and 
 Fonrth street on the south.] 
 
 Washington Sc^uare has an area of about ten acres. It 
 was used, until within forty or fifty years, as a Potter's 
 Field. In 1832 it was converted into a park. It has 
 long been a popular breatliing-place for the section of 
 the city in which it is situated. It is surrounded by 
 houses which were once considered elegant, and were 
 occupied by the wealthy and fashionable people of the 
 city; now they are rapidly coming into use for board- 
 ing-houses ; wealth and. fashion having traveled farther 
 north. 
 
 Fifth avenue hasjust been opened through this square, 
 connecting with Laurens street on its south side, and the 
 Square has undergone similar treatment at the hands of 
 the commissioners, which the other squares and parks 
 have been subjected to, and in consequence, its appear- 
 ance is vastly improved. On the east side of the Square 
 the visitor will notice the JST. Y. University, a very ele- 
 gant marble building in the Gothic style, 180 feet by 
 100, completed in 1836. 
 
 § 6. Tompkins' Square. 
 
 [Bounded by Avenue A on the west, Tenth street on 
 the north. Avenue B on the east, and Seventh street on 
 the southu] 
 
 This Square is located in a thickly settled portion of 
 the city, and is surrounded by densely occupied tene- 
 ment houses. It has long been used as a parade ground 
 by the First Division of militia, and the improvements 
 made upon it are subordinate to this use, A new grass 
 plot forty feet in width has been laid around the interior 
 border, and within this a walk of twenty-five feet for 
 promenading. On the outer side of this walk rows of 
 deciduous trees have already been planted, interspersed 
 with lamps and benches, and settees, in order that per- 
 
 5* 
 
54: * GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 sons may have places of rest to enjoy the reviews of the 
 military or the promenade afforded by the walks. De- 
 ciduous trees h?.ve also been planted all around the 
 square; the exterior sidewalk has been covered with 
 asphalt pavement; two large public urinals, sufficient- 
 ly protected by evergreens, have been placed in the 
 Square, and two keepers' houses. Lideed, the whole 
 place has been made inviting. 
 
 § 7. XJniOEi §qi!Sirc, 
 
 [Bounded by Broadway on the west, Seventeentli st. 
 on tlie north, Fourth avenue on the cast, Fourteenth st. 
 on the south.] 
 
 The visitor will remark that all sorts of flexures re- 
 ceive the name of squares in the city of New York, and 
 Union Square is no exception. This square is an oval 
 in shape, and is one of the prettiest parks in the city. It 
 is, however, undergoing transformation, and will, doubt- 
 less, soon be far more attractive than it is now. The 
 iron railing is to be removed, and the walks covered 
 with asjDhalt. The statues of "Washington and Lincoln 
 are to be surrounded with handsome railings and orna- 
 mental lamps, and urns filled with flowers during the 
 warm season, will be erected at short distances. 
 
 The statue of Washington at the south end of the square, 
 which the visitor will not fail to remark, is the work of 
 H. K. Brown. It is of a rich bronze, and weighs four 
 tons, and is fourteen feet in height, standing on a pedes- 
 tal of the same height, and is generally regarded as an 
 admirable work of art. At the western angle of the 
 square is a bronze statue of ]VIr. Lincoln. 
 
 § §. Madison Square. 
 
 [Bounded by Broadway and Fifth avenue on the 
 west, by Twenty-Sixth street on the north, by JMadison 
 avenue on the east, and by Twenty-Third street on the 
 south.] 
 
 Under the new regime has been completely trans- 
 formed. The railing has been taken away, and it re- 
 
MOUNT MOEEIS SQUAKE. 55 
 
 mains open on all sides like Washington Square and the 
 City Hall Park. Sufficient space has been taken off the 
 Broadway and Fifth avenue sides of the square to widen 
 those throughfares seventy-five feet. The sidewalk sur- 
 rounding the Worth monument is in the form of a small 
 circle, and seat-room and shelter are provided for those 
 who wish to rest there. Another small plot of ground 
 just below the Worth monument, has been laid out and 
 handsomely ornamented. The walks in the Square, 
 while being so planned as to please the eye, by an ap- 
 parent variety of serpentine windings, are yet so laid 
 out as to give access in almost a straight line across the 
 Square from the streets from one side to the other. The 
 centre of the square is laid out as a lawn, on which there 
 is a handsome stand for the musicians. At each ead of 
 the square there is a new and beautiful fountain. There 
 is a " ladies^ cottage " erected in the northeastern cor- 
 ner, and all the conveniences found in the other parks 
 and squares, will be found here. The square will be 
 thickly studded with the improved street lamps, like 
 those used in Washington Square, and will be surround- 
 ed with trees. 
 
 On this square stands the monument to Gen. Worthy 
 above alluded to, erected by the city in 1857. The 
 monument is four-sided, each side having inscriptions 
 with bronzie reliefs in memory of the deceased. A hand- 
 some equestrian figure of the General, in high relief, with 
 armorial insignia, may be seen on the southern side, and 
 the names of several of the celebrated battle-fields in 
 which the General distinguished himself; and on the 
 other sides will be found the names of other battle-fields, 
 date and place of the GeneraFs birth, etc. 
 
 § 9. Mount Morris Square, 
 
 [Bounded by 124th st. on the north, Madison avenue 
 on the east, 120th st. on the south, and by a street be- 
 tween Fifth and Sixth avenues on the west.] 
 
 Is the great public park of Harlem, and one of the 
 most eligible locations on the island for capabilities of 
 
50 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 ornamentation. The roads rising far alDOve the grades of 
 the adjacent streets, make it an agreeable place of resort 
 when the atmosphere is clear, and a walk up the hill is 
 inviting. That portion of this park on the grade of 
 the surrounding streets is already completed, and is not 
 mferior to any other park in the city. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 1. Trinity Church.— 2. The Post-Office.— 5. U. S. Treasury BulMiiig-. 
 —4. The Custom House.— 5. The City Hall.— 6. The New Court 
 House.— 7. The Cooper Institute.— 8. The National Academy of 
 Design.— 9- The Y. M» C. Association Building. 
 
 § 1. Trmity Cfoaircli 
 
 Is probably the most elegant church edifice at pres- 
 ent in the city. It stands on Broadway directly oppo- 
 site Wall St., and its steeple, like the dome of St. Pe- 
 ter's at Rome, is the most prominent object the stran- 
 ger sees as he approaches the city. The parish of Trini- 
 ty church is probably the oldest, as it is certainly the 
 wealthiest. Episcopal church in the country. " In the fifth 
 year of the reign of William and Mary, 1697, by act of 
 Assembly, approved and ratified by the Governor of the 
 province, a royal grant and confirmation were made of 
 a certain church and the steeple, lately built in the city 
 of New York, together with a certain piece of ground 
 without the N. gate of the city, commonly called and 
 known by name of Broadway, with the parish of Trin- 
 ity church." 
 
 Rehgious services, in the Episcopsl form, had been 
 held in the ehapel within the fort many years before this. 
 date. A lively old Dutch traveler, who once attended 
 service in the fort, thus describes the clergyman : 
 " This 8chaats then preached. He had a defect in the left 
 eye, and used such strange gestures and language, that I 
 think I never^ in all my life, have heard anything more 
 miserable ; indeed, I can compare him with no one bet- 
 ter than with one Do. Van Ecke, lately the minister at 
 Armoyden, in Zeeland, more in life, conversation and 
 gestures than in person. As it is not strange in these 
 countries to have men as ministers who drink, we could 
 
58 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 imagine nothing else than thatlhe had been drink- 
 ing a little this morning. His text was ' Gome unto me 
 all ye,'' etc., but he was so rough that even the most god- 
 less of our sailors were astonished."* 
 
 To return to the church. It was twice enlarged, once 
 in 1735, and again in 1737. In 1776 it was destroyed 
 by fire, and a new edifice was completed only in 1790. 
 In 1839 this building was taken down and the present 
 church was begun, and completed in 1846, The ma- 
 terial of which the church is built is New Jersey sand- 
 stone. The building is 192 feet in length by SO feet in 
 width ; height of walls GO feet. The style is Gothic ; 
 the spire, one of the most beautiful in the country, 
 reaches an altitude of 284 feet. In the tower is a chime 
 of bells. The tower and spire are open to visitors ^ra7y 
 except on Sunday, and during morning and evening 
 seiwices, which are held in the morning from nine o'clock 
 to half-past, and in the afternoon from three to half-past 
 three. Fee for admission to the tower and spire 12^ 
 cents each. Visitors ascend a spiral staircase to the 
 height of 250 feet, and the view to be had here of the 
 city and its surroundings is the finest one can get from 
 any known point. Ko traveler who desires to see the 
 city should leave it without ascending Trinity church 
 steeple. In a clear day almost every object within a 
 distance of from five to ten miles from the city, is dis- 
 tinguishaljle. 
 
 The visit to Trinity church must not conclude with 
 only seeing the edifice and the view from the steeple. 
 Pass into the churchyard ; there are no monuments here 
 a thousand or two years old, but there are some worth 
 any visitor's while to look at ; some which will be al- 
 ways venerated by Americans. 
 
 The grave of " Don^t give up the Ship," Lawrence,°the 
 hero of the Chesapeake, is here, near to the main en- 
 trance. Another spot of interest will be the tomb of 
 Alexander Hamilton, whose life was sacrificed in the 
 duel with Aaron Burr. Still another, will be the monu- 
 ment erected to the memory of the Americans who died 
 
 * Memoirs of L. I. Hist. Sec, vol. 1. (Jouraal of a Voyage to N.Y. in 
 1679-80.) p. 113. 
 
THE POST OFFICE. 59 
 
 in the British prisons. The visitor will find many oth- 
 er graves which will interest him, and he can while 
 away an hour in these grounds very profitably. 
 
 § 2. The Post-Olfice. 
 
 The present Post-ofiice is not noteworthy for its archi- 
 tecture, though it is for its history. It is the oldest 
 church edifice now remaining in the city. It was formerly 
 the Middle Dutch church, and wrs erected before the 
 Revolution. Portions of its interior woodwork and its 
 steeple were brought from Holland. At the time of the 
 Revolution it was on the extreme northern boundary of 
 the city. When the British took possession of the city 
 in 1776, they occupied it for a barracks for their soldiers. 
 Afterwards it was converted into a hospital; finally the 
 pews were removed, and it was used for a riding school. 
 It was again occui3ied as a church in 1790. It was pur- 
 chased by the Government for a Post-office in 18G1. 
 
 It is located in Nassau st., east side, and covers the 
 width of the block from Liberty to Cedar sts., and is 
 one block east from Broadway. It is open at all hours, 
 day and night, the night window on Nassau st, being 
 open to callers from 6.30, p. m., to 7.30, a. m. Sundays 
 the office is open only from 9 to 11, a. m. 
 
 ENTRANCE TO APARTMENTS. 
 
 Newspaper, Registry and Money Order Departments, 
 Nassau Street, first door from Liberty Street. 
 
 Stamp Department, Wholesale and Retail, Nassau 
 Street, second door from Liberty Street. 
 
 Ladies' Department, Nassau Street, third door from 
 Liberty Street. 
 
 General Delivery and Advertised Letter Department, 
 Nassau Street, fourth door from Liberty Street. 
 
 Letter Drops for Domestic and City Mails, Nassau 
 Street, fifth door from Liberty Street. 
 
 Box Delivery Department, Cedar Street, corner Nas- 
 sau Street. 
 
 Foreign Department and Drops for Foreign Letters, 
 Cedar Street, last door from Nassau Street. 
 
60 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Dead Letter Department (hours 10 to 3,) Cedar Street, 
 Up -Stairs. 
 
 Postmaster's, Assistant Postmaster's, and Cashier's 
 OiRces (hours 10 to 3,) Cedar Street, Up-Stairs. 
 
 Carriers' Department, Cedar Street, fourth door from 
 Nassau Street. 
 
 STATIONS OR BRANCH POST-OFFICES, 
 
 Station A is located at - No. 100 Spring Street. 
 
 Station B " - - No. 382 Grand Street. 
 
 Station C " - - No. 627 Hudson Street. 
 
 Station I) " No. 12 Bible House, Astor Place. 
 
 Station E " - - No. 465 Eighth Avenue. 
 
 Station F " - - No. 342 Third Avenue. 
 
 Station G " - - No. 735 Seventh Avenue. 
 
 Station H " - - No. 978 Third Avenue. 
 
 Station K '' Yorkville, 86th Street, near 3d Ave. 
 
 Station L '' Harlem, 1,922 3d Ave, near 124th St. 
 
 Station M *' Washington Height:;, 10th Ave. near 
 158th Street. 
 
 The stations are open from 6.30 a. m. to 8 p. m., with 
 the exception of stations " G," " H " and "K" which 
 close at 7.30 r. m. On Sundays the Stations are open 
 from 8 to 9.30 a. m., for the sale of postage stamps and 
 the delivery of letters. 
 
 Strangers are recommended to have their letters ad- 
 dressed to the care of their bankers or merchant friends, 
 or to the hotel where they intend to stop. In case they 
 are going to a private house they can have their -letters 
 addressed to the street No. of the house. If properly 
 directed they will not fail to reach them in due time, as 
 there are several deliveries of letters a day all over the 
 city by letter carriers. 
 
 %* It may not be out of place here to caution people 
 never to send money in a letter-send money order or 
 check, payable to order. 
 
 The Government is now erectin:^ a splendid building 
 on the south end of the City Hall Park for a new Post- 
 oiBce. which will be an architectural ornament to the city, 
 
THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 61 
 
 aud sufficiently spacious to accommodate tlie largely in- 
 creasing business of the Department. 
 
 § 3, JJ. S. Treasury Buiadingr 
 
 Stands on the corner of Wall st. and Nassau, extend- 
 ing through to Pine st., and was built for the Custom 
 House. It occupies the site where the old Federal 
 Hall originally stood, in the open gallery of which Gen. 
 Washington was inaugurated first President of the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 The material of which this edifice is built is white 
 marble, and the style of architecture is purely Doric, and 
 is in imitation of the Pantheon at Athens. The build- 
 ing is in the form of a paralellogram, 200 feet long, and 
 90 feet wide ; its height 80 feet. On Wall street is a porti- 
 co with eight Doric columns 32 feet high and five feet 
 ten inches in diameter, which is reached by a flight of 
 eighteen granite steps. The rotunda is 60 feet in diam- 
 eter, and is lighted from the dome which is suj^ported 
 by sixteen Corinthian columns, adorned with caps of 
 exquisite workmanship. The roof is of granite. It may 
 be seen from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. 
 
 § 4. The Custom House. 
 
 The building now used for the Custom House was 
 built for the Merchants' Exchange, and occupies the 
 entire block between Wall, William, and Hanover 
 streets and Exchange Place, It is built of Quincy 
 granite, and is fire proof. It is 200x171 feet, 77 feet to 
 the cornice, and 125 to the top of the dome. In the 
 portico which fronts on Wall street are 18 columns, 38 
 feet high, and 4 in diameter at their base. Each of the 
 columns weighs nearly 45 tons. The rotunda is the 
 principal room, and is in the centre of the building. Its 
 diameter is 80 feet, and its height is the same. It is 
 surmounted by a dome in which there is a large sky- 
 light rising from the centre, and resting on 8 fluted 
 Corinthian columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and 
 5 feet in diameter. It is open to visitors from 10 a. m. 
 to 3 P. M. 
 
 6 
 
62 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 § 5. The City Hall 
 
 Stands nearly in the centre of the City Hall Park, 
 facing the south. The front and the ends of the build- 
 ing are of white marble, the rear is of l)rown free-stone. 
 The building is 216 feet long, 105 wide, and 65 high, 
 Its style is a combination of three ditferent orders of 
 architecture : the Ionic, Corinthian and Cimiposite. 
 The building is crowned with a cupola which overlooks 
 a large portion of the city. On the toj) of this cupola is 
 a figure of justice, directly under which is a four dial 
 clock, which is illuminated at night. 
 
 The flavor's office is in the S. W. corner of this hall, 
 the Chambers of the Board of Aldermen, Councilmen, 
 and other i)ublic offices occupying the rest of the build- 
 ing. The Governor's Room as it is called, will be a 
 place of iuterest to many strangers, from the fact that it 
 contains portraits of many distinguished -statesmen and 
 other public functionaries — of greater or less merit — 
 and a desk on which Washington wrote his first mes- 
 sage to Congress. The chairs used in the first Con- 
 gress arc in the Aldermanic Chamber, and the chair used 
 by Washington when he was inaugurated first President 
 of the United States is in the Mayor's oliicc. 
 
 § 6. The New Court House. 
 
 In the rear of the City Hall and fronting Chambers 
 street stands the New Court House, now in course of 
 erection, although so far completed as to be already in 
 part occupied. It is the most expensive and altogether 
 the most pretentious public building the city can boast. 
 It is built of marble, with iron beams and supports, iron 
 staircases, iron doors (outside), and black walnut doors 
 (inside) ; the floors of the halls are tiled with marble, 
 laid on iron beams, covered with concrete. The order 
 of architecture is mainly Corinthian. The length of 
 the building 250 feet, and the width 150 feet: the 
 height to the top of the pediment is 97 feet, to the top 
 of the dome when erected will be 225 feet. The dome 
 when finished will resemble that of the Capitol at 
 
ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 63 
 
 Washington. The portico on the front of the building 
 on Chambers street will merit careful examination, as it 
 is probably the best specimen of the kind of work in 
 the_country. 
 
 § 7. Tlie Cooper Institute 
 
 Is a large brown stone building, situated at the junc- 
 tion of Third and Fourth avenues, and occupies the 
 entire block between those avenues, and Seventh and 
 Eighth streets. It was erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, a 
 merchant of this city, and devoted by him " to the mor- 
 al, intellectual and physical improvement of his fellow- 
 citizens, and dedicated to science and art." In the base- 
 ment of the building is one of the largest public halls 
 in the city, and the first and second stories are occupied 
 for stores and offices, the rents from which, it is suppos- 
 ed, will be sufficient to meet the current expenses of the 
 Institute. The third and upper stories are occupied for 
 the Union or Institute. The third story is ajopropriated 
 to an exhibition room, 125 feet long by 82 feet wide. 
 In the fourth story is a series of galleries with alcoves for 
 works of art. In the fifth story are lecture-rooms, and 
 the library, which, with the reading-room attached, is 
 entirely free, and has a very large number of regular 
 readers. There is a School of Design for women in this 
 Institute, and a school for instructing women in tele- 
 graphing, both of which are doing great good in the 
 community. 
 
 § S. The National Academy of Desig^n 
 
 Is on the N. W. corner of Twenty-Third street and 
 Fourth avenue. It is a building which would attract 
 the attention of the visitor were he to meet with it in 
 any part of the world. The design of its exterior is said 
 to be copied from an old Venetian palace, and is the only 
 specimen of the style in the country. The building ex- 
 tends about 100 feet on Fourth avenue and 80 feet on 
 Twenty-Third street. The main entrance is on Twenty- 
 Third street. It is on a level with the second story, and 
 is reached by a double flight of steps, which, by the 
 
64 GUIDE TO NEW YOEK. ' 
 
 skillful manipulation of the arcliitect, have been made an 
 ornament to the buildinej. On entering, the visitor finds 
 himself in a spacious hall, extendinor almost the whole 
 length of the building. From this hall, the grand stair- 
 case leading to the exhibition-rooms will be noticed as 
 one of the most prominent' features of the building. 
 The third story, which is lighted from the roof, is en- 
 tirely devoted to exhibition-rooms. The wood-work used 
 in the interior of the building is the various hard woods 
 oiled and polished to show the natural grain and color 
 of the woods. The pavement of the vestibule at the 
 main entrance is of variegated marbles, and the floor of 
 the great hall is laid in walnut and maple. The lower 
 story walls are gray marble, with intervening courses oi 
 North River blue-stone ; the entire elevation being thus 
 variegated. 
 
 The regular exhibitions of the academy are, 1. TTie 
 Spring Exhilntion^ which opens in April and closes 
 about July 4. At this exhibition no pictures are admit- 
 ted Wliifh have been exhibited here before. Another 
 exhibition is held from July to November ; and still an- 
 other from November to March. Admission 25 cents. 
 Season tickets one dollar. Catalogue 25 cents. 
 
 § 9. The Y. M. C. Association Btiildiiigr 
 
 Is on the S. W. corner of Fourth avenue and Twenty- 
 Third street. It is quite an imposing edifice, and is a 
 fine specimen of the Rennismnce order of architecture. 
 The first floor is occupied by stores; the second and 
 third for the purposes of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association; a lecture-room, library, and reading-rooms, 
 and the floor above these, for artists' studios. Strangers, 
 especially young men, who may be staying in that part 
 of the city, will find attractions in these rooms which 
 render them an agreeable place in which to spend an 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 . The Croton Aqueduct.— 2. The High Bridge.— 3. The Old Receiv- 
 ing Keservoir.— 4. The New Eeceiving Reservoir. —5. The DiBtrihut- 
 ing Reservoir, 
 
 § 1, The Croton Aqueduct, 
 
 The Croton Aqueduct was designed to supply the city 
 of New York with an abundance of pure and whole- 
 some water. It commences about six miles above the 
 mouth of the Croton river, where a dam has been con- 
 structed to elevate the water of the river forty feet, to 
 the level of the head of the aqueduct, or one hundred 
 and sixty-six feet above mean tide. The course of the 
 aqueduct passes along the valley of the Croton to near 
 its mouth, and thence into the valley of the Hudson. 
 At eight niiles from the Croton dam it reaches the village 
 of Sing Sing and continues south through the villages 
 of Tarry town, Dobbs' Ferry, Hastings, and Yonkers. 
 
 At the latter place it leaves the bank of the Hudson, 
 crosses the valley of Sawmill river and Tibbits' brook, 
 thence along the side of the ridge that bounds the south- 
 erly side of Tibbits' brook valley, to within three and a 
 half miles of the Harlem river, where the high grounds 
 of the Hudson fall away so much as to require the aque- 
 duct to occupy the summit of the country lying between 
 the Hudson and East rivers. 
 
 This formation of country continues to and is termi- 
 nated by the Harlem river, at the point where the aque- 
 duct intersects it, which is one mile north-westerly from 
 McComb's dam. 
 
 The length of the aqueduct, from the Croton dam to 
 Harlem river, is 32.88 miles, for which distance it is an 
 uninterrupted conduit of hydraulic stone and brick ma- 
 sonry. The high ground that bounds the northerly side 
 of the Harlem river valley is very near the level of the 
 aqueduct at that place, and the width of the valley at 
 
 6* 
 
66 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 the aqueduct leve is about 1,450 feet, or a little over one 
 quarter of a mile, over which the High Brid.o;e is built, 
 at an elevation of 114 feet above the level of high tide 
 in the Harlem river, on which iron pipes are laid to con- 
 vey the water across the valley. 
 
 The shore on the southerly side of the river is a bold, 
 precipitous rock, rising at an angle of about 30 degrees, 
 to a height of 220 feet, or about 100 feet above the level 
 of the bottom of the aqueduct. 
 
 After crossing this valley, the aqueduct of masonry is 
 resumed, and continued 2.015 miles, to the termination 
 of the high ground on the north side of Manhattan val- 
 ley. 
 
 This valley is .792 mile wide at the level of the aque- 
 duct, below which it descends 103 feet. The conduit 
 of masonr}' here gives place to iron pipes, which de- 
 scend into the bottom of the valley, and rise again to 
 the proper level on the opposite side ; from which point 
 the masonry conduit is again resumed, and crossing the 
 asylum ridge and Clendinning valley, is continued 2.173 
 miles, to the receiving reservoir at York hill, now em- 
 braced within the Central Park. 
 
 In 1835 ground was first broken and the work of 
 building this magnificent aqueduct was begun. It was 
 completed in 1842, and cost over $12,000,000. Besides 
 supplying the city proper, Blackwell's Island is also 
 supplied from this source. At the present time 85,000,000 
 gallons of water are delivered into the city by the aque- 
 duct every day, which is about 85 gallons to each inhab- 
 itant, 
 
 § 2. The High Bridgrc. 
 
 This is a work every visitor to the city should find 
 time to see. It may be reached by difierent routes. The 
 IDleasantest but most expensive will be by private car- 
 riage by way of Central Park (route described in chap- 
 ter on " Public Drives," p. — ). A very pleasant route 
 in the summer season is by the Harlem boats from Ful- 
 ton slip or Peck slip to Harlem Bridge ; thence by small 
 steamer to High Bridge. Fare to Harlem 10 cents: 
 thence to the Bridge — cents. Harlem may also be 
 
RECEIVING RESERVOIR. 67 
 
 reached by the Second, Third and Eighth avenue horse- 
 cars. The sail up the Harlem River on the little steam- 
 er is a very charming one. The surrounding scenery is 
 fine, and tlie Bridge is constantly in view. Arrived at 
 the Bridge, good hotels and delightful walks and drives 
 will he found. The Bridge is built of granite, and is 
 1,450 feet long, and rests upon semi-circular arches 
 which are supported by fourteen piers of substantial 
 masonry. Eight of these arches have a span of 80 feet 
 and six of 50 feet. The height is 114 feet above the or- 
 dinary high-water line of the river. Between the para- 
 pets the water pipes, properly protected from frost, are 
 laid, and over all is a magnificent promenade for pedes- 
 trians. 
 
 § 3. Tlie Old RcceDVing Reservoir in Cen- 
 tral Park. 
 
 This reservoir is 1,826 feet long and 836 feet wide, 
 and including its embankments, contains 35.05 
 acres, and its area at the top-water line, 31 acres, 
 divided into two divisions ; the northern divison is 
 designed to contain 20 feet depth of water, and the 
 southern 30 feet in depth. But they are not fully 
 excavated in some parts, where rock occurs, it not be- 
 ing deemed sufficiently important to incur the expense 
 of excavation in rock for the increased capacity that 
 would be obtained. The reservoir has a capacity for 
 150,000,000 imperial gallons. The reservoir is formed 
 with earth banks, the interior having regular puddled 
 walls to render them impervious to water ; the outside 
 protected by a stone wall, laid upon a slope of one hori- 
 zontal to three vertical, the face laid in cement mortar 
 and the inside dry ; the inside is protected by a dry 
 slope wall, laid on the face of the embankment, which 
 slopes li horizontal to one vertical. The embankments 
 are raised four feet above the top of water line, and are 
 18 feet wide on the top, excepting the high banks on the 
 southern division and the western bank of the north- 
 ern division, which are 21 feet wide. The greater part 
 of the embankments for the northern division are of mod- 
 erate height ; but a portion of the eastern and western 
 
68 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 banks of the southern division are 38 feet high above 
 their base. Vaults or brick archways are constructed, 
 in which iron pipes are laid, so arranged that the pipes 
 from the northern division connect with those from the 
 southern division, and thence pass off to the distributing 
 reservoir, and to supply the adjacent districts. 
 
 The main vault is on the eastern side ; it is 540feet 
 long and is IG feet span ; that on the western side is 400 
 feet in lengtli, and 8 feet sj^an ; designed for supplying 
 at a future day the districts on the North river side 
 above Fort3^-second street. The pipes are all provided 
 with stop-cocks, and so arranged that they can receive 
 the water from either division ; except one pipe from 
 each division,'* that leads to the distributing reser- 
 voir. It carries three lines of pipes to the distributing 
 reservoir, and the arrangement allowing two pipes to be 
 drawn from either division, so that in the event of 
 emptying one of the divisions for repairs, the other 
 would supply two pipes for the distributing reservoir, 
 and all other pipes having a connection with each di- 
 vision would be in full supply, notwithstanding the sus- 
 pension of one division. A pipe is put through the di- 
 vision bank, with a stop-cock, to allow the water or not, 
 as may be desired, to pass from one division to the 
 other. 
 
 The aqueduct intersects the reservoir at right angles 
 with its westerly line, and 352 feet south of the north- 
 westerly corner. 
 
 At this point a gate-chamber is constructed, with one 
 set of gates to pass the water into the northern division 
 and another set to pass it into a continued conduit of 
 masonry constructed within the embankment of the re- 
 servoir to the angle of the southern division, where it 
 enters by a brick sluice into this division. 
 
 This arrangement gives the power of directing the 
 water into either division, or both, at the same time, as 
 may be desired. 
 
 In the division bank, a waste weir is constructed to 
 carry off the surplus water from either division, when 
 it rises to the proper height. 
 
DISTRIBUTING RESERVOIR.' 69 
 
 § 4. Tlie New Receiving: Reservoir in 
 Central Park. 
 
 The new Reservoir is a vastly larger work than the 
 old one, and was only completed in the autumn of 1861. 
 The water was formally introduced April 19, 1862. It 
 is north of the old Reservoir, and extends from 86th to 
 96th streets, and is of nearly the whole width of the 
 park. The total area is 106 acres, and its capacity is 
 one thousand millions of gallons. 
 
 § 5. Tlie Distributing Reservoir. 
 
 This reservoir is on the west side of Fifth avenue, ex- 
 tending from Fortieth to Forty-second streets. It is 
 built in the Egyptian style of architecture with massive 
 buttresses. Its form is square, and it measures 420 feet 
 on each side. It has an area of four acres, and like the 
 Receiving Reservoir, is separated into two divisions. It 
 occupies the highest ground in the vicinity, and ishigh- 
 er than any other part of the city south of it. It has an 
 average elevation of 45 feet above the neighboring streets, 
 and a capacity to contain 20,000,000 imperial gallons. 
 It is designed for 36 feet of water, and when full will 
 stand 115 feet above mean tide. The walls rise four feet 
 above the water line. Upon the top is a fine prome- 
 nade, to which the visitor will find ready access, and from 
 which he will obtain a fine view of the city and sur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 [The Fifth avenue and Fulton Ferry line of omnibuses 
 pass the Reservoir every few minutes.] 
 
CHAPTER yn. 
 NOTABLE STEEETS AND SIGHTS. 
 
 1. Broadway.— 2. Wall Street.— 3. Fifth Avenue.— 4. The Bowery.— 
 5. The Slums. 
 
 § 1. Broadway. 
 
 [The visitor will receive material assistance in finding his way 
 about the city, or recovering it when lost, by observing the corner 
 street-lamps. Two of these lamps at the intersection of every two 
 streets have the names of the streets conspicuously painted on them.] 
 
 Broadway, as everybody knows, is the principal street 
 in the city. It runs the whole length of the island, and 
 forms its backbone. From the Battery to Union Square, 
 a distance of two miles and a half, for the most part of 
 the day, its sidewalks and shop windows present a 
 panorama which, for beauty, variety, and interest, is 
 scarcely to be paralleled in the world. The throng of 
 people on the walks, the rush of vehicles in the street, 
 the bustle and noise which greet one's ears, are sufficient 
 to make a nervous person wish himself a thousand miles 
 away ; and yet, without Broadway, New York would 
 lose a large part of its attractions for the stranger. All 
 the greal retail shops seek Broadway, and many of the 
 wholesale ones. Hero are Stewart's, McCreery's, Lord 
 & Taylor's, and Arnold & Constable's, among the dry 
 goods trade ; Ball, Black & Co., and Tiffany & Co. of 
 the jewelers ; Appleton's and Scribner's of the book- 
 sellers, not to mention hundreds of others. Many of the 
 leading hotels, too, are on Broadway ; the Astor, St. 
 Nicholas, Metropolitan, Grand Central, Fifth Avenue, 
 the Hoffman, St. James, Coleman, Gilsey and Grand 
 hotels, etc., etc. In the lower part, wholesale stores, 
 banks and insurance offices predominate. Prominent 
 among these, and worthy of notice, are the Park Bank, 
 opposite St. Paul's church ; the " Herald " office adjoin 
 ing ; the Equitable Life Insurance building, corner of 
 Cedar st. ; the N. Y. Life Insurance building, corner of 
 Leonard st., and the new stores corner of Warren st, and 
 those at the corner of Park Place. It was said by a shrewd 
 
WALL STREET. 71 
 
 New York politician, years ago, that it required more 
 talent to cross ]3roadvvay at Fulton street without ^^etting 
 one's neck broke than it did to get to be a member of 
 Congress ! But for the benefit of the nervous stranger 
 we will advise him that he will now find, during the 
 busy hours of the day, a policeman at that point, whose 
 duty it is to see him safely across the street, and, how- 
 ever intricate the path may seem to be or desperate the 
 undertaking, he will do it. At this point the visitor will 
 find himself in front of Saint PauVs church (Episcopal), 
 and grave-yard. In a niche over the portico is a small 
 figure of Saint Paul, and below in the front is a 
 rural monument to Gen. Montgomery, who fell at the 
 storming of Quebec. On the Yesey st. side of the yard 
 is a monument to Dr. McJVevin, a distinguished Irish 
 patriot of '98, for many years a practicing physician of 
 the city ; on the other side there is one to Thomas Ad- 
 dis Emmett, another Irish exile, and brotlier of the cele- 
 brated Robert Emmett. Between the Battery and Union 
 Square there remain at present, but three churches, 
 Trinity, St. Paul's and Grace. This last is a beautiful 
 edifice and spire, near Tenth street, which may be seen 
 for a long distance, up and down the street. Above 
 Union Square, Broadway for a long distance, presents 
 the same general features ; elegant stores and immense 
 stocks of the finest goods, invite the attention of all 
 passers-by. 
 
 § 2. Wall Street 
 
 Is scarcely a quarter of a mile in length, but it is the 
 great money centre of the country, and its influence is 
 potent in every quarter of the globe where mercantile 
 transactions are known. Few strangers visit the city 
 who have not some business to transact in Wall st., and 
 those who have none, will do well to visit the street dur- 
 ing the busy hours of the day, say from 12 m. to 3 p. m. 
 One line of Broadway omnibuses passes through the 
 street, and three other lines pass the head of the street 
 at Trinity church every few minutes, rendering it easy of 
 access from all parts of the city. Several of the public 
 buildings elsewhere described, are in this street, but be- 
 
i2 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 sides these, there are many other buildings, banks, in- 
 surance offices, banking offices, and stores in the street, 
 or in its immediate yicinity, well worthy of notice. 
 See, for instance, the new Seamen's Bank for Savings, 
 corner Wall and Pearl ; the Bank of New York, corner 
 Wall and William ; and the banking-house of Brown 
 Brothers & Co., 59 Wall st. But what will attract the 
 attention of the visitor more than anything else will be 
 the rushing of men and boys in and out of offices and 
 through the street; the haste with which everybody 
 seems to be infected ; the anxiety stamped on every 
 one's face; the clicking of the telegraph in almost ev- 
 ery office you pass ; the knots of men on the street cor- 
 ners talking and gesticulating like mad, and the scream- 
 ing bedlam of the Gold Exchange. If the visitor has 
 not been accustomed to noise and bustle in other places, 
 the hour he spends here will seem to be tripled, and he 
 will soon wish himself out of it. It is, however, one of 
 the city's most interesting features, and no stranger 
 should go away without visiting' it. ^ 
 
 § 3. Fifth Avenue, ; 
 
 Fifth Avenue is the " west end" of New York city. It 
 begins at Washington Square, and ends at Harlem river, 
 and is about midway between the North and East rivers. 
 It is built up continuously between three and four miles, 
 and on it reside many of the city's w^ealtliiest families 
 whose houses are far more elegant and costly thancan be 
 found in any other city in the country. Could the stranger 
 obtain entrance into some of these dwellings, he would 
 be astonished at the evidences of wealth and culture 
 that would meet his eye. Probably the most expensive, 
 and by far the most luxurious residence on the avenue, 
 is that of Mr. A. T. Stewart, corner of Thirty-fourth st. 
 It as far exceeds those of his neighbors, as his dry goods 
 palace, corner of Broadway and Tenth st., does those of 
 the other dry goods merchants. This house is said to 
 have cost more than two millions of dollars. The vis- 
 itor, if he is a careful observer, will note the changes in 
 the style of building as he wends his way up the avenue. 
 
FIFTH AVENUE. 73 
 
 Houses which were COE si clered to be "just the thing" 
 ten years ago, are out of date to-day. Observe the style 
 of the houses about Fourteenth st., for instance ; then at 
 Twenty-fifth to Thirtieth streets, and again, those which 
 are now being erected ten or twenty streets farther 
 up. Between Fifly-fifth and Fifth-sixth streets, for ex- 
 ample, a block of houses has just been built of Ohio 
 stone — a material fast coming into use, and destined to 
 supplant brownstone. These houses are finished with 
 mansard roofs, and are vastly more attractive than the 
 houses of ten years ago. The visitor will notice a new 
 feature of the fashionable house of to-day, that the iuside 
 wood-work as well as the outside doors, are of mahog- 
 any. Another block that will attract attention is just 
 finished, between Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth streets. 
 These houses are of white marble, and when one is a lit- 
 tle distance away, the effect has been so contrived that 
 the block may very well be mistaken for a church. On 
 that portion of the avenue which is on Central Park, 
 fabulous prices have been obtained for building lots, the 
 position being beyond all question the finest in the city. 
 Some of the most fashionable churches are located on 
 this avenue, and if the visitor should be in the city of a 
 Sunday, he is recommended to take a walk on this pop- 
 ular promenade after the morning services are over, 
 if he would see one of the city's most elegant and char- 
 acteristic exhibitions. The churches most worthy of no- 
 tice on the avenue are St. Thomas's, corner of Fifty- 
 third street ; the Jewish Temple, comer of Forty-third 
 street ; the Roman Catholic Cathedral (now building), 
 between Fifty-first and Fifty-second streets, and Dr. 
 Ghapin's Church, corner of Forty-fifth st. 
 
 Several of the old and wealthy club houses are on this 
 avenue, and on the corner of Fourteenth street is Del- 
 monico's celebrated restaurant. We already begin to 
 see houses converted into stores in the lower portion of 
 the avenue and business driving residences further away. 
 
 A man need not be more than sixty years old to re- 
 member when the Battery was, to the fashionable world, 
 what Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street are to-day. If this 
 old fellow should live twenty-five years longer where 
 shall he look to find the centre of fashion ? 
 7 
 
74 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 § 4. The Bowery 
 
 Is by no means a fashionable promenade. Still it is 
 wortli one's while to see it, especially of an evening. It 
 has always been a great thoroughfare, and remains so 
 still. That portion of the city east of the Bowery is 
 largely inhabited by Germans, and on the Bowery are a 
 great nmnber of the most extensive lager bier saloons in 
 the city, a German theatre, concert saloons, etc., etc. 
 Besides these, however, are a large number of retail 
 shops, all of which are open and brilliantly lighted in 
 the evening. The Bowery begins at Chatham Square, 
 and extends to the Cooper Institute at the junction of 
 Third and Fourth avenues. The Bowery Theatre is an 
 object of interest, too. Scarcely any one would believe 
 that this was once a fashionable theatre ; that Malibran 
 sang there; that Gilfert was the manager; that its 
 boxes were thronged with the elite of New York, and 
 the streets in that neighborhood with their carriages ! 
 But that was forty years ago ! Some half a dozen thea- 
 tres which have stood on this place have been burned. 
 The present building has stood longer than any of its 
 predecessors. Next door to the theatre is the attrac- 
 tion which will prove the strongest, probably, for the 
 stranger. This is the Atlantic Garden, the greatest 
 German lager-bier saloon of the city. If you have not 
 been there, reader, go there some Saturday evening if 
 you can, and you will get an idea of the way the Ger- 
 mans enjoy themselves, and you will see sights that will 
 be new to you. 
 
 *' St. Mark's Church in the Bouerie," as it is called, 
 though not in the Bowery as we know it to-day, was so, 
 when it was built, in 1799, when it must have been a 
 long distance from the city. The old Stuyvesant man- 
 sion was then standing, and the " Bouerie Lane " and 
 the old Boston Road were the nearest highways. It 
 was in this mansion that Peter Stuyvesant spent the 
 later years of his life. His remains were buried in a 
 vault in St. Mark's Church. The church stands in what 
 is now called Stuyvesant street near the Second ave. 
 
THE SLUMS. 75 
 
 § 5. The Five Points. 
 
 This chapter would hardly be complete without some 
 directions by which a stranger, who was so inclined, 
 might be able to see the lowest depths of the city with- 
 out running much risk of either life or limb. To any 
 one who has plenty of nerve, who is not sensitive to 
 offensive smells, and who wishes to see the foulest and 
 most repulsive sights, we advise that he make up a party, 
 and get his landlord or some friend to secure the ser- 
 vices of a policeman for the night, who is accustomed to 
 go on these expeditions. Before going out, empty your 
 pockets of everything valuable, and take a bottle of 
 smelling salts with you. Tell your policeman where 
 you want to go and what you desire to see. If you have 
 read Dickens's American Notes, you will have some idea 
 of what is before you ; if you have not, you will, proba- 
 bly, after you have been through, around and under the 
 Five Points at night. 
 
CHAPTER Ylir. 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 1. Booth's Theatre— 2. Grand Opera House— 3. Academy of Music — 4. 
 Wallack's— 5. Fifth Avenue Theatre— 6. Fourteenth Street Theatre 
 — T. Olympic— 8. The Globe— 9. Niblo's Garden— 10. Wood's Muse- 
 um— 11. Bowery Theatre— 12. Stadt Theatre— 13. Union Square The- 
 atre — 14. Lent's Circus. 
 
 § 1. Booth's Theatre. 
 
 (Cor. Sixth Avenue and Tw enty-tlaird Street). 
 
 This theatre is one of the architectural ornaments to 
 the city ; and, taken as a whole in all its appointments, 
 it is the most elegant and the best contrived theatre in 
 the whole country. Its two fronts are built of New 
 Hampshire granite, and the edifice is in the Renaissance 
 style of architecture. The front on Twenty-third street 
 is 150 feet ; on the avenue, 100 ; and the height is 95 
 feet. The stage is 75x55 feet. On the Twenty-third 
 street front are three large doors which can be instantly 
 opened in case of fire ; affording ample facility for emp- 
 tying the house of spectators in five minutes. 
 
 Access. — The Sixth Avenue cars, and the Broadway 
 and 23d street line of omnibuses pass the theatre every 
 few minutes. 
 
 Admission, $1.00; reserved seats, $1.50; family cir- 
 cle, 75c. 
 
 § 2. The Orand Opera House, 
 
 (Cor. Eighth Avenue and Twenty-third Street). 
 
 This is an elegant and imposing edifice in the Italian 
 style of architecture. Its two fronts are of white mar- 
 ble — that on the avenue is 115 feet in length ; the one 
 on Tweuty-third street is 100 feet. The building seen 
 from the street, however, is not the theatre ; that is a 
 separate building in the rear, to which the other sup- 
 plies means of ingress and egress. The main entrance 
 is on the avenue ; it is spacious and leads by a grand 
 stairway to an immense vestibule, from which smaller 
 stairways lead directly into the theatre. The interior is 
 very handsome, and is admirably arranged with capao- 
 
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 77 
 
 ity to seat a very large audience. The stage is unusually 
 large, and is provided with all the appliances for the 
 production of showy spectacles. 
 
 Access :— The Eighth Avenue cars, and the Broad- 
 way and 23d street line of omnibuses pass the door e very- 
 few minutes. 
 
 Admission, $1.00 ; reserved seats, $1.50; family cir- 
 cle, 50c. 
 
 § 3. The Academy of Music, 
 
 (Cor. Fourteenth Street and Irving Place). 
 
 This is the opera house proper of the city. It is a 
 large and unpretending building, with a very elegant 
 interior. It was intended for musical purposes, but for 
 several years the Italian opera has not been a success, 
 and it is now frequently used for public meetings, when 
 a large place is wanted. 
 
 Access :— It is one block east of Fourth avenue, on 
 which there is a line of horse cars and an omnibus line ; 
 and one block west of the Third avenue cars. A cross- 
 town horse car line passes the door. 
 
 Admission varies with the attraction. 
 
 §4. Wallack^s Theatre, 
 
 (Cor. Broadway and Thirteenth Street). 
 
 For any one who appreciates a theatrical perform- 
 ance, in which the subordinate characters are counted 
 for any thing more than sticks, Wallack's is the theatre 
 to go to. The stock company at the regular theatrical 
 season numbers among its members some actors and ac- 
 tresses who would be " stars " at most of the other the- 
 atres. It is an exceedingly comfortable, capacious, and 
 well-arranged theatre, and their plays are always admir- 
 ably put upon the stage. 
 
 Access : — The Broadway and Fourth avenue, and the 
 Broadway and 23d street lines of omnibuses pass the 
 door ; and the Fourth avenue and the University Place 
 lines of cars pass within one block of the theatre. 
 
 Admission, 75c., stalls, $1.50, family circle, 50c. 
 
 7* 
 
78 aUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 § 5. Fiftb Avenue Theatre, 
 
 (No. 4 West Twenty-fourtli Street.) 
 
 This is a very pretty theatre, and, in the manner of 
 putting its plays on the stage, more nearly resembles 
 Wallack's than any other theatre in the city. It usu- 
 ally has a good stock company. 
 
 Access : — The Broadway and University Place cars, 
 the 42d street and Grand street ferry cars, and the 
 Broadway and Fifth avenue omnibuses pass the corner. 
 
 Admission, 11.00; reserved seats, $1.50; family cir- 
 cle, 50c. 
 
 § 6. The Fourteenth St. Theatre, 
 
 (On Fourteenth Street, between Fifth and Sixth 
 Avenues), 
 
 Was originally the French Theatre. The whirligig of 
 time has brought several changes to this theatre, and it 
 has so far been considered " unlucky." Mr. Charles 
 Fechter has now leased it, and it is said will soon open 
 it with a new company, among whom is Miss Leclerc. 
 
 Access : — The Sixth avenue line of cars, and the 
 Broadway and Fifth avenue line of omnibuses pass the 
 corner of the streets near the theatre. 
 
 Admission, $1.00 ; reserved seats, $1.50. 
 
 § 7. The Olympic^ 
 
 (Broadway, between Houston and Bleecker Streets — 
 East Side). 
 
 This theatre used to be known as " Laura Keene's" 
 but it has borne its present name for several years. Un- 
 der its new management, it is celebrated for its bur- 
 lesques — such as " Humpty Dumpty," etc. ; G. L. Fox 
 being the great attraction. 
 
 Access: — Most of the Broadway omnibuses pass the 
 door, and the Bleecker street line of cars passes the cor- 
 ner above. 
 
 Admission, 75c., reserved seats, $1.00; family cir- 
 cle, 50c. 
 
PliACES OF AMUSEMENT. iV 
 
 § 8. The Olobe, 
 
 (Broadway, between Fourth Street and Aster Place), 
 
 Is a small affair in a building which was, formerly, the 
 Church of the Messiah, (Dr. Osgoocrs). 
 
 Access : — All the Broadway stages pass the door. 
 
 Admission 50c. ; reserved seats, $1.00. 
 
 § a Niblo's Garden^ 
 
 (Broadway, bet. Prince and Houston Streets). 
 
 There are but few New-Yorkers, or very few stran- 
 gers, who have ever visited New York, who have not, at 
 some period of their lives, been to Niblo's Garden. For 
 many years the Ravels were the great attraction, and 
 were there frequently — and everybody went to see them 
 — and more recently " The Black Crook " and such-like 
 spectacles have drawn everybody and his wife. The 
 theatre is centrally located, is near to the hotels, and 
 easily accessible from all parts of the city and its sub- 
 urbs. 
 
 Access: — All the Broadway lines of omnibuses pass 
 the door, and the Bleecker street cars will leave passen- 
 gers at the corner of Prince and Crosby streets. 
 
 Admission, $1.00; reserved seats, $1.50; family cir- 
 cle, 50c. 
 
 § 10. Wood^s Museum, 
 
 (Broadway and Thirtieth Streets). 
 
 This establishment inherits all there was left of Bar- 
 num's Museum, which is the name only. Its attractions 
 are theatrical almost entirely. They present some of 
 their showy spectacles very creditably, and it is well 
 attended. 
 
 Access : — The Broadway and University Place, and 
 the 42d street and Grand street ferry lines pass the door. 
 
 A-DirissiON 30c. ; to different circles, different prices. 
 
80 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 § 11. The Bowery Theatre, 
 
 (In the Bowery [West Side], bet. Bayard and Canal 
 Streets). 
 
 This is now the oldest theatre in the city. The first 
 theatre built on this site nearly fifty years ago, was de- 
 stroyed by fire, and a similar fate has happened to some 
 half dozen of its successors. It is frequented by the 
 commoner classes, and for them it is a favorite resort. 
 It is one of the sights a stranger should see, who wants 
 to see life in New York in all its phases. 
 
 Access : — The Second avenue, the Third avenue, and 
 the yellow Bleecker street lines of cars pass its doors. 
 
 Admission, from 15c. to $1.00. 
 
 § 12. The Stadt Theatre (German). 
 
 (In the Bowery [East Side], bet. Bayard and Canal 
 Streets). 
 
 This is the German Theatre of the city. It is nearly 
 opposite the Bowery Theatre. It has a respectable exte- 
 rior, and a large and well adapted interior. There is 
 generally a good company, and the place is largely fre- 
 quented by Germans. 
 
 Access :— The Second avenue, the Third avenue, and 
 the yellow Bleecker street lines of cars pass the doors. 
 
 Admission, from 10c. to $3.00. 
 
 § 13. Union Square Theatre, 
 
 (Cor. Broadway and Fourteenth Street). 
 
 This is a new theatre just completed on the site of 
 the Union Place Hotel. The position is an admirable 
 one for a theatre ; very central, and readily accessible by 
 horse cars and omnibuses from any part of tlie city. The 
 interior is said to be very elegant and commodious. 
 
 Access : — The Broadway and Fourth avenue, and the 
 Broadway and 23d st. lines of omnibuses pass the doors, 
 and the Fourth ave., and 42d st. and Grand st, ferry 
 lines of cars pass very near the doors. 
 
 Admission, from 15c. to $1.50. 
 
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. , 81 
 
 § 14. liCiit's Cia'cus, 
 
 (Fourteenth Street, bet. Third and Fourth Avenues — 
 South Side). 
 
 Access : — Fourth and Third avenues, and the 42d st, 
 and Grand st. ferry lines of cars. 
 Admission, 50c. and $1.00. 
 
 § 15. Minstrels, 
 
 Bryant's Minstrels, 23d street, between Stxth and Sev- 
 enth avenues. 
 
 Newcomb & Arlington s, 28th Street Opera House, cor- 
 ner Broadway and 28th street. 
 
 San Francisco Minstrels, 585 Broadway, opposite Me- 
 tropoUtau Hotel. 
 
 Tony Pastor's, 201 Bowery. 
 
 Kelley & Leon's, '720 Broadway. 
 
 A general theatre-ticket office is at 114 Broadway, 
 basement, kept by PULLMAN, where tickets or re- 
 served seats may be obtained at theatre prices ; which 
 will be convenient for business men who have no time 
 to run around. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 DEIVES. 
 
 1. To Jerome Park— 2. To Kingsbridge— 3. To Fordham— 4. To Green- 
 wood Cemetery— 5. To Coney Island— 6. To Staten Island. 
 
 For the great majority of travelers it would be un- 
 necessary to give the drives described in this chapter. 
 Central Park will afford driving ground enough. But 
 occasionally a stranger would like to take a longer drive 
 and to see more of the surrounding country. For the 
 benefit of such strangers, therefore we give here several 
 routes which are the favorite drives of those who keep 
 good teams, and are fond of long drives. 
 
 § 1. To Jerome Park. 
 
 Assuming a convenient point of departure, say corner 
 of Fourteenth street and Fifth avenue, you drive by way 
 of the avenue to Central Park ; there take the East side 
 drive to Sixth avenue, to 125th street, to Harlem bridge ; 
 cross the bridge, turn to the right to the Southern 
 Boulevard and on to Fordham and Jerome Park. 12 
 miles. 
 
 Retitrn. By Central avenue and High Bridge street 
 to High Bridge ; then back to Central avenue to Ma- 
 comb's Dam, and by the lane to Eighth avenue, to St. 
 Nicholas avenue, to Seventh avenue and to Central 
 Park, and by the West side drive to Fifth avenue and 
 Fourteenth street. 
 
 § 2. To KlNGSBRIDGE. 
 
 By same route as the first to and through the Park, 
 then to St. Nicholas avenue, to West side Boulevard on 
 through Manhattanville, Carmansville, Fort Washington 
 to Spuyten Duyvil and to Kingsbridge. 12 miles. 
 
 Return. Cross Kingsbridge and on by Central av- 
 enue as per route 1. 
 
 § 3. To Fordham. 
 
 To Central Park and through it as in route 1, to St. 
 Nicholas avenue, to Sixth avenue, to 125th street and 
 to Harlem Bridge. Cross the bridge and go on by the 
 
DEIVES. 83 
 
 old Boston post road via Melrose, and Tremont to Ford- 
 ham. 
 Return. By the same route. 
 
 § 4. To Greenvtood Cemetery. 
 
 [Tickets of admission can be obtained at the office of 
 the Cemetery Company, 30 Broadway, free of charge.] 
 
 Cross the South Ferry to Brooklyn, up Atlantic av- 
 enue which is paved with wood to Fourth avenue which 
 is macadamised, to 24th or 25th streets, then turn to the 
 left and you will see the entrance gate. Several hours 
 will be occupied with the drive inside the cemetery, if 
 the stranger desires to see all the works of art and the 
 fine scenery of the place. 
 
 Return. Pass out of the cemetery by the gate back 
 to Fourth avenue to Fifteenth street to Ninth avenue to 
 the gate. Enter Prospect Park, and through the Park out 
 by the Flatbush avenue gate, down the avenue to 
 Livingston street, through that street to Clinton street, 
 to Jerolamen street to Henry street, to Fulton street to 
 the ferry. 
 
 § 5. To Coney Island. 
 
 Cross the Fulton ferry and up Henry street to Jerola- 
 men to Clinton to Schemerhorn or Livingston to Flat- 
 bush avenue to the main entrance of Prospect Park ; 
 through the Park by main drive, to new Boulevard, 
 thence by the Coney Island Road to the Island. 
 
 Return. By way of way of Bath, Fort Hamilton and 
 Shore road to Bay Ridge to Fourth avenue, to Atlantic 
 avenue to the ferry. 
 
 § 6. To Staten Island. 
 
 The finest drives around the city perhaps, are on 
 Staten Island. No where else is there such variety in 
 the scenery, nowhere else are there more elegant and 
 expensive residences. The following will be found a 
 delightful drive, and the visitor who drives out there 
 once will probably not need urging to go again : 
 
 Leave the city by the North Shore Ferry, at Pier 19 
 
84 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 N. R., land at New Brighton, or at West N". Brighton ; 
 take Richmond terrace to Davis , or Bard avenue, to 
 Castleton avenue to Serpentine road : cross Richmond 
 Road at Silver Lake, follow Serpentine Road to Ocean 
 View; passing the residences of Geo. Law, W. B. 
 Duncan, E. Cunard, Dutihl, Brown, Jacob Vanderbilt 
 and Van Duzer to Clove Road, follow Clove Road to 
 Vanderbilt avenue, to Clifton, to Vanderbilt Landing 
 and theu take the other ferry to the citv, landing at 
 Whitehall. 
 
THE PUBLIC IVIAEKETS. 85 
 
 CHAPTER. X. 
 THE PUBLIC MAEKETS. 
 
 There is little to be s^en at any of t^ae markets of 
 the city to interest the stranger. The two principal 
 markets, Washington and Fulton, are a couple of tumble- 
 down shanties, encumbered with every nuisance which 
 it is possible to concentrate around a market. If, how- 
 ever, the visitor should be interested in farm produce, 
 and would like to see such quantities of it as he probably 
 never dreamed of, he is recommended to rise early some 
 Saturday morning and go down to Washington market. 
 Go all through both the regular and the outside 
 markets; then go around the intersecting streets for half 
 a mile each way and count, if he can, the farmers' 
 wagons he will find there, loaded down with produce ; 
 then let him calculate the quantity, and imagine where 
 there are people enough to eat it all. The city markets 
 are located as follows : 
 
 1 . Washington MarJcet^ where a vast deal more pro- 
 duce is sold than any where else in the city, is on North 
 River, at the foot of Vesey and Fulton streets. 
 
 2. Fulton Marhet^ is on East River at the foot of 
 Fulton and Beekman streets. 
 
 3. CatJie)'ine Marlcet, is on the East River at the foot 
 of Catharine street. 
 
 4. Centre MarJcet, is on the block bounded by Grand, 
 Centre, Broome and Baxter streets. 
 
 5. Essex Market, is on Grand and Ludlow streets. 
 
 6. Tomplcins Marhet, is on Third avenue. East side, 
 extending from 6th to 7th street, 
 
 7. Jefferson Marlcet^ is at the junction of Sixth and 
 Greenwich avenues. 
 
 8. Clinton MarJcet, is on North River foot of Canal 
 and Spring streets. 
 
 9. FranMin Market, is on East River at Old Slip. 
 
 10. Union Market^ is at the junction of Second and 
 Houston streets. 
 
 11. Governeur Market, is on East River, corner of 
 Water and Governeur streets. 
 
 8 
 
GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRAEIES. 
 
 1. The Astor Library— 2. The Mercantile Library— 3. N. Y. Society Li- 
 brary— 4. Library of the N. Y. Historical Society— 5. Cooper Institute 
 Library— C. The Apprentices' Library— 7. The Law Library— 8. The 
 City Library— 9. The Mott Memorial Free Medical Library— 10. The 
 Medical Library— 11. The Printers' Library— 12, The Woman's Li- 
 brary— 13. Library of the Young Men's Christian Association, 
 
 § 1. The Astor Libraky 
 
 Is located in Lafayette Place, on the east side, between 
 Fourth street and Astor Place, and is very near to 
 Broadway. The present library building is about 150 
 feet wide and 100 feet deep. Its architecture is of the 
 Byzantine order, with brown stone trimmings, and a 
 handsome entablature. The rooms occupied by the li- 
 brary are on the second floor; they are spacious and 
 well-lighted, and are reached by means of a fine mar- 
 ble staircase. The library numbers at present about 
 150,000 volumes ; and, among them, are some of the 
 rarest books to be found anywhere. It is open to the 
 public — free to eveiy one to consult or read its books — 
 from 9 A.M. to 5 p.m., daily. 
 
 § 2. The Mercantile Library 
 
 Is located on Astor Place, between Broadway and Fourth 
 avenue, and is the largest circulating library in the 
 country, and has the largest income. It has branch of- 
 fices at 76 Cedar street, 1456 Third avenue, and at Yon- 
 kers, Norwalk, Stamford, Elizabeth, Paterson, and Jersey 
 City.' It has a very large reading-room — better sup- 
 plied, probably, with magazines, reviews, and papers 
 than any other ; the number at j^reseut being 452. 
 
 Strangers are allowed to consult books of reference in 
 the alcoves of the library hall ; and, if they should be 
 introduced by a member, they will receive a card enti- 
 tling them to the privileges of the reading-room for one 
 month. It is open from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. _ 
 
PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 87 
 
 § 3. The Society Library 
 
 Is located at 67 University Place, east side, between 
 12th and ISth streets. It is, perhaps, the oldest public 
 library in the United States. It was incorporated in the 
 year 1700 under the name of "The Public Library of 
 New York." In 1754, its corporate name was changed 
 to " The New York Society Library." The building 
 which belongs to the Society is about 50 feet front, very 
 plain and unpretentious, but being designed for the li- 
 brary, is well adapted to its purpose. The number of 
 volumes in this library is about 45,000. Some of them 
 are very rare. The library is open week-days, from 8 
 A.M. till sunset, and the reading-rooms until 10 p.m. 
 Twenty-five dollars is the fee for membership, and six 
 dollars per annum, the dues. 
 
 Access : — The Broadway and University Place cars, 
 and the Fulton ferry line of stages pass the library ev- 
 ery few minutes. 
 
 § 4. Library of the N. Y. Historical Society 
 
 Is located on Second avenue, corner of 11th street. 
 This Society is in the possession of a large collection of 
 rare books and manuscripts, pamphlets, maps, charts, 
 and files of newspapers which, for historical purposes, 
 are invaluable. Its rooms are open daily, and strangers 
 are admitted on the introduction of a member. 
 
 §. 5 The Cooper Institute Library. 
 
 This, like the Astor Library, is a library of reference ; 
 books cannot be taken out, but both library and reading 
 rooms are free to the public. The number of volumes 
 in the library is limited, but additions are making to it 
 all the time. The books are generally of a scientific 
 character, and the reading-room is well supplied with 
 magazines and newspapers. Open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. 
 
 § 6. The Apprentices' Library. 
 
 This library is located at 473 Broadway, and nunbers 
 about 50,000 volumes — free to all apprentices waether 
 
88 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 male or female, who can bring a certificate of good char- 
 acter from parents, guardian, or employer. The library 
 was founded by the " Society of Mechanics and Trades- 
 
 § 7. The Law Libhary. 
 
 This library is located at No. 41 Chambers street, and 
 is open only to members. 
 
 § 8. Tnb City Library 
 
 Is a very small collection of books kept at Room No. 12, 
 City Hall. Open to the public, daily, from 10 a.m. to 4 
 p. M. 
 
 § 9. The Mott Memorial Free Medical Library 
 
 Is located at No. 64 Madison avenue and is intended 
 mainly for the benefit of medical students. It has some 
 2,500 volumes on its shelves, and is open from 9 a.m. to 
 
 9 P.M. 
 
 § 10. The Medical Library and Journal Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Is also at No G4 Madison avenue. The library numbers 
 about 3000 volumes, chiefly medical — and they have a 
 reading-room well su])plied with the medical journals of 
 this country and Europe. For members only. Open 
 from 9 A.M. to 9 p.m. 
 
 § 11. The Printers' Library. 
 
 The Printers' Society hold their meetings at No. 3 
 Chambers street, where they have collected a small libra- 
 ry of miscellaneous books and books relating to the art 
 of printing, which are free to the craft whether mem- 
 bers of the Society or not. It is open only on Saturday 
 afternoons. 
 
 § 12. Woman's Library 
 
 Is a young institution at No. 38 Bleecker street, espe- 
 cially intended to benefit women. It is open daily from 
 9 a.m. to 4 P.M. 
 
PRINCIPAL CHURCHES. 89 
 
 § 13. Library of the Y. M. C. Association. 
 
 Is the new building of the Association, corner Fourth 
 and E. 24th street. The reading-rooms are very well 
 supplied with papers and magazines, and with every 
 other convenience necessary to render them attractive, 
 especially to young men. 
 
 CHAFER Xir. 
 
 PEINCIPAL CHURCHES IN THE CITY. 
 
 [Strangers who are in the city over Sunday will miss 
 the Broadway omnibuses and the facility they afford for 
 getting around the city. The street cars, however, run 
 on Sundays, and by looking over the routes, the stranger 
 will readily discover whether either of them will carry 
 him to the particular church to which he desires to go. 
 If for instance, the visitor wishes to go to Brooklyn 
 to hear Mr. Beecher, by looking at the horse-car routes, 
 p. 15, he will find that the Bleecker street cars run to 
 Fulton Ferry ; the Belt Line cars pass the ferry ; 
 the Second avenue line cars stop one block above the 
 ferry. By the other lines one can come to the Park or 
 Astor House ; thence to the ferry via Fulton street is not 
 a long walk. Cross the ferry, up Fulton street to Hicks, 
 which is but a short distance, turn to the right, at the 
 fourth street turn to the left, and you will find the 
 church. An equally safe direction would be to follow 
 the crowd from the ferry. 
 
 Services at Mr. Beecher's are held in the morning and 
 evening at the usual hours.] 
 
 § 1. Protestant Episcopal. 
 
 Trinity, Broadway, corner Rector, and opposite to 
 Wall street. 
 
 St. Paul's, Broadway corner Fulton street. 
 
 St, John's, Varick street opi)osite H. R. R. Depot. 
 
 Grace, No. 800 Broadway. 
 
90 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 St. George's, Kutherford Place, corner Sixteenth. 
 St. Bartholomew, Lafayette Place, cor. Gt. Jones st. 
 St. Thomas's, Fifth avenue corner 53d. 
 Trinity Chapel, No. 15 W. 25th. 
 St. Al ban's, 47th street near Lexington avenue. 
 Transfiguration, East 29th street near Fifth avenue. 
 St, Mark's, Stuyvesant street, near Second avenue. 
 Du St. Esprit, (French) No. 30 West 23d. 
 Ascension, Fifth avenue corner W. 10th. 
 
 § 2. Presbyterian. 
 Brick Church, corner Fifth avenue and W. 37th street. 
 Fifth avenue, corner E. 19th street. 
 First, corner Fifth avenue and W. 11th street. 
 Fourth avenue. No. 288 Fourth avenue. 
 Madison Square, Madison avenue, cor. E. 24th street. 
 Scotch, No. 53 W. 14th street. 
 Thirteenth street, No. 145 W. 13th street. 
 University Place, corner E. 10th street. 
 West, No. 31 W. 42d street. 
 French Evangelical, 9 University Place. 
 C4erman, No. 290 Madison street. 
 
 § 8. Baptist. 
 Amity street, W. 54th street near Eighth avenue. 
 Fifth avenue. No. 6 W. 46th street. 
 First, Park avenue, corner E. 39th street. 
 ISIadison avenue, corner E. 31st street. 
 Sixteenth street. No. 257 W. 16th street. 
 Stanton street. No. 36 Stanton street. 
 Tabernacle, No. 166 Second avenue. 
 Antioch, No. 278 Bleecker. 
 First German, E. 14th street near First avenue. 
 
 § 4. Congregational. 
 Tabernacle, corner Sixth avenue and 34th street. 
 New England, Madison avenue corner E. 47th street 
 Church of the Pilgrims, No. 365 W, 48th street. 
 
 § 5. Friends' Meetings. 
 East Fifteenth, corner Rutherford Place. 
 Twentieth street, E. 20th street near Third avenue. 
 Twenty-seventh street, 43 W. 27th street. 
 
pre^cipal churches in the city. 91 
 
 § 6. Jewish Synagogues. 
 
 The Temple, corner Fifth avenue and 43d street. 
 Shaari Tephila, No. 127 W. 44th street. 
 Shearith Israel, W. 19th street near Fifth avenue. 
 Bnai Jeshurum, No. 145 W. 34th street. 
 Shaari Zedeck, No. 88 Henry street. 
 
 § 7. Methodist EpiscopAii, 
 
 Allen street, No. 126 Allen street. 
 Central, No. 58 Seventh avenue. 
 Washington Square, No. 137 W. 4th street. 
 Trinity, No. 248 W. 34th street. 
 Seventh street, No. 24 Seventh street, near Third are. 
 St, Paul's, Fourth avenue corner E. 22d street. 
 Rose Hill, No. 221 E. 27th street. 
 Eighteenth street, No. 307 W. 18th street. 
 John street, No. 44 John between Nassau and William 
 streets. 
 
 § 8. Reformed Dutch. 
 
 North Dutch, William street corner of Fulton, 
 
 [This is the church in which the celebrated Fulton 
 street week-day prayer meetings originated, and next 
 door to the church, No. 103 Fulton street, they are 
 still held every week day at 12 o'clock.] 
 
 Access. The Fifth avenue stages and the Bleecker 
 St. cars pass the door. It is very near also to Broadway . 
 
 Lafayette Place, corner E. 4th street. 
 
 Fifth avenue, corner W. 29th street. 
 
 St. Paul's, W. 40th near Sixth avenue. 
 
 Washington Square, corner Washington Place. 
 
 South, Fifth avenue corner W. 21st street. 
 
 § 9. Lutheran. 
 
 Holy Trinity, No. 47 W. 21st street. 
 St. James, No. 216 E. 15th street. 
 St. Luke's, No. 318 W. 43d street. 
 St. Matthew's, No. 354 Broome street. 
 St. Peter's, No. 45 E. 50 th street. 
 
92 guide to new york. 
 
 § 10. Roman Catholic. 
 St. Peter's, corner Barclay and Church streets. 
 St. Patrick's (cathedral) corner Mott and Prince. 
 St. Stephen's, No. 149 E. 28th street. 
 Holy Cross, 335 W. 42d street. 
 St. Ann's, No. 112 E. 13th street. 
 St. Francis Xavier, No. 36 W. 16 th street. 
 St. Mary's, No. 438 Grand street. 
 St. Vincent de Paul, No. 127 W. 23d street. 
 ■■ St. Joseph's, Sixth avenue cor. Washington place. 
 
 § 10. Unitarian. 
 All Souls', Tenth avenue corner 20th street. 
 Messiah, corner Park avenue and E. 34th street. 
 
 § 11. Universalist. 
 Fourth, (Dr. Chapin's), corner Fifth av. and 43d st. 
 Third, Bleecker corner Downing. 
 Our Saviour, No. 65 W. 35th street. 
 
 § 12. Reformed Presbyterian. 
 First, No. 123 W. 12th street. 
 Second, No. 167 W. 11th street. 
 Third, No. 238 W. 23d street. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The traveler who comes to the city by way of the East 
 River will not fail to notice the elegant and extensive 
 public buildings on Ward's, Randall's, and Blackwell's 
 Islands, opposite the upper end of the island. These are 
 all city institutions, such as Alms-houses, Hospitals, Nur- 
 series, Penitentiary, Idiot asylum, Insane asylum, Ine- 
 briate asylum, Prisons, &c., &c. 
 
 They are all under the direction of the Department of 
 Charities and Correction. Office, N. W. corner of Third 
 avenue and 11th street. 
 
 Any stranger who may wish to visit either or all of 
 these institutions, must call at the office of the Depart- 
 ment, where he may obtain a pass, and learn on what day, 
 and how, he can reach the particular institution. 
 
PICTURE GALLEKIES. 93 
 
 CHAPTER XrV. ' ' 
 
 PICTURE GALLERIES AND ARTISTS' 
 STUDIOS. 
 
 The National Academy of Design, corner of Fourth 
 avenue and 23d street, holds the principal exhibition of 
 pictures in the city. The Spring Exhibition opens 
 usually in April and closes about July 4th. The Fall 
 Exhibition opens in November, and there is sometimes 
 an intermediate one in the summer. Admission, 25 
 cents. Season tickets, $1. Catalogues, 25 cents. The 
 academy has schools for drawing from the antique and 
 from the living model. 
 
 GaupWs — Knoelder's, corner Fifth avenue and 22d 
 street. This establishment imports largely of pictures 
 and engravings, and always has a large number of 
 pictures by native and foreign artists for sale. A portion 
 of their establishment is devoted to the exhibition of 
 their best paintings, which is open at all times to the 
 public, free. 
 
 Sehaus's, 749 Broadway, opposite to Astor Place, is 
 a establishment similar to Goupil's. There is always 
 something there worth going to see. 
 
 Snedicors, 768 Broadway, is another place where 
 there are usually some good pictures. 
 
 At the rooms of N. F., Historical Society, (Second 
 avenue comer of 11th street,) there is a collection of 
 pictures of considerable value ; together with what is 
 left of the celebrated collection of Egyptian curiosities 
 made by Mr. Abbott. The stranger must obtain a card 
 of admission from a member in order to see them. 
 
 The Artists' Studios. 
 
 The studios of the principal artists of the city, are 
 open to visitors generally during the Autumn and 
 Winter months, on Saturday afternoons. We give 
 herewith the location of the buildings where many of 
 the studios will be found. 
 
 West Tenth street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues. 
 
94 GTHDE TO NEW YOEK. 
 
 N. Y. University Building on Washington Square. 
 Somerville Building, cor. Fifth avenue and I4th st. 
 No. 213 Fifth avenue. 
 Broadway, corner of 30th street. 
 Corner of Broadway and 37th street. 
 Corner of Fourth avenue and 24th street. 
 N. Y. Y. M. C. A. building, Fourth av. and 23d st. 
 Dodworth's Building, 806 Broadway, and at 786 
 Broadway. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 PRINCIPAL CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 1. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.— 2. The Blind Asylum.— 3. 
 Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane.— 4. The Leake & Watts Or- 
 phan House.— 5. N. Y. Orphan Asylum.— 6. N. Y. Juvenile Asy- 
 lum.— 7. The Sailors' Snug Harbor.— 8. Five Points House of In- 
 dustry. 
 
 § 1. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 This institution is located on the southern slope of 
 Washington Heights, just above Carmansville. The 
 buildings are spacious and so situated as to com- 
 mand a splendid view of the surrounding country. The 
 grounds comprise some forty acres. Pupils of both sex- 
 es are received. Yearly expenses, $150. 
 
 Access. — By Hudson River railroad to Carmansville 
 depot. 
 
 § 3. N. Y. Institution for the Blind. 
 
 This institution is located on the block bounded by 
 Eighth and Ninth avenues and 33d and 34th streets. 
 Visitors are received on Tuesdays. 
 Access. — By Eighth or Ninth avenue cars. 
 
 § 3. Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane. 
 
 This institution is located between 115th and 120th 
 streets, just below Manhattanville. The buildings are 
 extensive and the grounds — about forty acres — are laid 
 out with taste, and abound in shrubbery and flowers. 
 
 Access. — By Eighth avenue horse-cars, or by Hudson 
 River Railroad to Manhattanville. 
 
CHAEITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 95 
 
 § 4. The Leake & Watts Orphan House. 
 Was founded in 1827 by a legacy of Mr. J. G. Leake. It 
 is located on tbe block bounded by Ninth and Tenth 
 avenues and 111th and 112th streets. The income of 
 the institution is able to support two or three hundred 
 orphans. Access. — By Eighth avenue cars. 
 
 § 5. N. Y. Orphan Asylum 
 Is on the Bloomingdale Road, between 7^d and 74th 
 streets. Its grounds extend to the river and comprise 
 about fifteen acres. It is supported by private bequests. 
 
 Visitors are received on week days. 
 
 Access. — By Eighth avenue cars. 
 
 § 6. N. Y. Juvenile Asylum 
 Is located on 176th street, near Tenth avenue. This is. 
 one of the most useful institutions in the city. It is 
 beautifully situated, enjoying a commanding view of the 
 river and the surrounding country. A house of reception 
 connected with this institution is at 61 W, 13th street. 
 
 Access. — By Hudson River Railroad to Fort Washing- 
 ton station. 
 
 § 7. The Sailors' Snug Harbor. 
 
 OflBce 156 Broadway. The institution is at New 
 Brighton, Staten Island. It has several fine buildings well 
 located, with extensive grounds, roaming over which 
 will always be seen a large number of "old salts." 
 
 Access. — The North Shore Staten Island Ferry, from 
 Pier No. 19, N. R., to second landing. 
 
 § 8. Five Points House of Industry. 
 
 As its name would intimate to any one who knows 
 anything about New York, is located in the immediate 
 vicinity of the most filthy and degraded neighborhood 
 in the city. The building is at 155, 157 and 159 Worth 
 street. The amount of good this institution has done in 
 feeding the hungry and clothing the naked is incalcu- 
 aable. The house is well worth visiting, and is open 
 during the day at all hours, to strangers. 
 
 Access. — It is a short distance distance east of Broad- 
 way, on Worth street. The Fourth avenue cars pass 
 Worth street at Centre. 
 
96 GUIDE TO NEW YOEK. 
 
 s 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 COLLEGES— LITERARY AND MEDICAL. 
 
 1. Columbia College.— 2. N. Y. University.— 3. College of the City of New 
 York.— 4. N .Y. Collegre of Physicians and Surgeons.— 5. University 
 Medical College.— 6. Bellevue Medical CoUege.—T. N. Y. Medical 
 College and Hospital for-Women.- 8. The Homcepathic Medical Col- 
 lege. — 9. Eclectic Medical College. 
 
 Columbia College is now located on Fourth avenue 
 and E. 49th street. It was for many years in Park 
 Place. It was originally chartered by the British Gov- 
 ernment, under the title of " King's College ;" the char- 
 ter bearing date 1754. In 1784 its name was changed 
 Jbo Columbia College. Alexander Hamilton, John Ran- 
 *dolph of Roanoke, De Witt Clinton, and many others of 
 the leading men of this country liave been among its 
 graduates. In 1857 the College was removed to its 
 present site. The Columbia College Law School is at 
 37 Lafayette Place. 
 
 N. Y. University, on the east side of Washington 
 Square, between Washington and Waverley Places, was 
 founded in 1881. It has a Department of Law and one 
 of Medicine. The present edifice is an elegant white 
 marble building, which was completed in 1836. Be- 
 sides accommodating the classes, it has a large and very 
 fine chapel, which is generally used as a church on 
 Sundays, and it also affords studios for a number of 
 artists. 
 
 College op the City of New York. — This institu- 
 tion, formerly the Free Academy, is located on Lexington 
 avenue and 2od street. It is intended only for the gradu- 
 ates of the public schools, and was established in 1847. . 
 
 Medical Colleges. 
 
 New York College op Physicians and Sukgeons, 
 is on Fourth avenue, corner E. 23d street, and is the 
 oldest Medical College in the city. It has a good library 
 and physiological museum, and among its graduates will 
 be found the names of some of the most distinguished 
 IDhysicians in the country. 
 
PRINCIPAL CEMETERIES. 97 
 
 University Medical College, is connected with the 
 N. Y. University, but is located at the Bellevne Hospi- 
 tal, at the foot of E. 26th street. It ranks among the 
 highest medical schools, and graduates a large class every 
 year. 
 
 Bellevue Hospital Medical College, is also at the 
 foot of E. 26tli street. 
 
 The New York Medical College and Hospital 
 FOR Women, is located at 187 Second avenue, and grad- 
 uates a class of female physicians every year. 
 
 The Homoepathic Medical College is at 151 E, 20th 
 street, and the Eclectic Medical College at 223 E. 
 2Gth street. 
 
 CHAPTER XYir. 
 
 PRINCIPAL CEMETERIES IN AND 
 AROUND THE CITY. 
 
 1. Greenwood Cemetery.— 2, Cypress Hills Cemetery.— 3. Cemetery 
 of the Evergreens. — 4. Trinity Cemetery.— 5. The Marble Cemetery 
 in Second street. — 6. Calvary Cemetery. 
 
 § 1. Greenwood Cemetery. 
 
 This cemetery was incorporated in 1838. It is the most 
 extensive and most beautiful burying-ground in the 
 country. Its area is 413 acres. Length of drives is 17 
 miles ; of foot-imths, 76 miles. It is located in South 
 Brooklyn, about three miles from Fulton ferry, and two 
 and a half from South ferry. The grounds are undulat- 
 ing, and at some points offer some of the finest views of 
 tlie harbor, the ocean, islands and other surrounding 
 scenery, which are to be had anywhere about; and this 
 cemetery furnishes one of the finest drives around the 
 city. 
 
 Access, — By horse-cars from Fulton, Wall street, or 
 South ferries. 
 
 § 2. Cypress Hills Cemetery 
 Is located on that elevated ridge of land on the north side 
 of the Brooklyn and Jamaica turnpike, usually known 
 9 
 
98 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 as " the back-bone of Long Island." Its distance from 
 the Williamsburgh ferries is about tive miles, and from 
 the Brooklyn ferries about six miles. No location in the 
 vicinity of New York embraces a gr. ater variety of land- 
 scape, or more splendid and pictu esque views. The 
 carriage roads laid out and projected have an extent of 
 over fifty miles Its area is between three and four hun- 
 dred acres. 
 
 Access, — By horse-cars from Brooklyn or Williams- 
 burg to East New York, where omr.ibuses will be found 
 to take visitors to the ground. Visitors going in their 
 own conveyances are recommend -d to cross by the 
 Williamsburg ferries, there inquire the best road to the 
 Williamsburg and Cypress Hills Macadamized road 
 which runs from Williamsburg to the New Western en- 
 trance, passing by the great Reservoir of the Brooklyn 
 water- works. 
 
 § 3. Cemetery op the Evergreens 
 
 Is on the Bush wick road, about three miles east of 
 Brooklyn. The grounds possess man; natural advantages 
 for the purpose for which they are ised, and the ceme- 
 tery is one of the largest around the city. 
 
 Access.— By horse-cars from Wildamsburg or Brook- 
 lyn to East New York. 
 
 § 4. Trinity CEMETr^Rv 
 
 Is on the upper end of the Island, cictending from 153d 
 to 155th streets; its western boundary being the 
 Hudson River Railroad. The groaids are beautifully 
 situated and have been laid out with great taste. The 
 remains of Audubon, the naturalist, repose in this 
 cemetery. 
 
 Access. — By Hudson River Railroad to Carmansville 
 station. 
 
 § 5. Marble Cemetery in Second Street. 
 
 Almost the last remaining buriil-place within the 
 city proper, is the Marble Cemetry in Second street, 
 between First and Second avenues, north side. It is a 
 pretty little spot laid out and ornamented with good 
 
COASTY/ISE STEAMERS. 99 
 
 taste, and in its vaults repose the remains of many 
 whose names have been honored in the city. 
 
 Access. — The Broadway and Jesey City ferry omni- 
 buses pass it ; and the Second avenue cars pass the cor- 
 ner next to it. 
 
 § 6. Calvary Cemetery. 
 
 This is the principal Cemetery consecrated to the Ro- 
 man Catholics. It lies between East Brooklyn and 
 Newtown, is.prettily situated and tastefully laid out. 
 
 Access. — By horse cars from South Seventh st. ferry. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIir. 
 
 DEPARTURE OF COASTWISE AND RIVER 
 STEAMERS & THEIR RATES OF FARE. 
 
 FOR NEW^ ORLEANS. 
 
 The Merchants'' Steamship Line. — ^Every Saturday at 3 
 p. M., from Pier 13, N. R.. office, No. 40 Broadway. 
 Cabin Passage, $50 ; Steerage, $25. 
 
 The Cromwell Line. — Every Saturday from Pier 9, N. 
 R, office 86 West street. Cabin Passage, $50 ; Steerage, 
 $25. 
 
 Southern Line. — Every other Saturday from Pier 21, 
 E. R., office 153 Maiden Lane. Cabin passage, $50 ; 
 Steerage, $25. 
 
 FOR GALVESTON. 
 
 The Texas Line. — Weekly from Pier 20, E. R., office 
 153 Maiden Lane. Cabin passage, $65 ; Steerage, $35. 
 
 FOR KEY "WEST. 
 
 The Texas Line. — The steamers for Galveston touch 
 at Key West. Cabin passage, $40 ; Steerage, $25. 
 
 FOR SAVANNAH. 
 
 Atlantic Coast Mail Steamship Line. — Thursdays from. 
 
100 GUIDE TO NEW YORK. 
 
 Pier 3G, N. R., oflBce corner Reade and West streets. 
 Cabin passage, $20 ; Deck, $10. 
 
 Blaclc Star Independent Line. — Saturdays from Pier 
 13 K R., office 93 West street. Cabin passage, $20 ; 
 Deck, $10. 
 
 Empire Line. — Saturdays at 3 p. m., from Pier 8, K 
 R., office No. 5 Bowling Green. Cabin passage, $20 ; 
 Steerage, $10. 
 
 Murray's Line. — Thursdays at 3 p. m,, from Pier 16, 
 E. R.. office No. 62 South street. Cabin passage, $20 ; 
 Deck, $10. 
 
 FOR CHARLESTON, 
 
 New YorTc and Charleston Steamship Company. — 
 Tuesdays, Thursday and Saturdays at 3 p. m., from Pier 
 5, N. R., office corner West and Warren streets. Cabin 
 passage, $20; Deck, $12. 
 
 FOR NORFOLK AND RICHMOND, 
 
 Old Dominion Steamship Company. — Tuesdays, Thurs- 
 days;and Saturdays from Pier 37, N. R., office 187 Green- 
 wich street. Passage to Norfolk $10, to Richmond $12, 
 including meals and room. 
 
 FOR BOSTON. 
 
 Fall River and Newport Line. — Daily from foot of 
 Chambers street, ticket office on the dock. Fare $5 ; 
 meals and state-room extra. 
 
 Stonington Line. — On week days at 5 p. m., from 
 Pier 33, N. R. Fare $5 ; meals and state-room extra. 
 
 Norwich and Worcester Line.— On week days at 5 p. 
 M., from Pier 40, N. R. Fare $5 ; meals and state-room 
 extra, 
 
 [Late in the Autumn the Boston boats change their 
 hour of departure from 5 p. m. to 4 p. m,] 
 
 FOR PROVIDENCE. 
 
 Neptune Line of Steamers. — On week days at 5 p. m., 
 from Pier 27, N. R. Fare to Providence, $3 ; meals audi 
 state-room extra. 
 
PRmcrPAL EAILROAD STATIONS. 101 
 
 FOR HARTFORD. 
 
 NeiD Torh and Hartford Steaniboat ii?2e.— Week days 
 at 4 p. M., from Peck Slip, E. R. Fare $1.50 ; meals and 
 state-room extra. 
 
 FOR NEW HAVEN. 
 
 New Yorlc and NeiD Hanen Steamboat Line. — At 3:15 r. 
 M., and at 11 p. M., on week days from Peck Slip, E. R. 
 Fare. $1.25 ; meals and state-room extra. 
 
 FOR ALBANY- 
 
 Day Boats. — Daniel Drew and Chauncey Vibbard, at 
 8:45 A. M., from Pier 39, N. R. Fare, $3.00 ; meals extra. 
 
 Peoples' Line^ Evening Boats. — St. John and Drew at 
 6 P.M., from Pier 41, N.R. Fare, $3.00 ; meals and state- 
 room extra. 
 
 The Mary Powell — For Rondout and intermediate 
 landings at 3:50 p. m., from Pier 39, N. R. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 PKLNCIPAL RAILROAD STATIOISTS AND 
 HOW TO FIND THEM. 
 
 1. The N. Y. and New Haven, N. Y. and Harlem, and 
 the Hudson River JRailroads have the New Depot in 
 common at 42d street and Fourth avenue.* 
 
 Access^, — The Fourth avenue cars,and the Broadway 
 and Four{h avenue omnibuses. 
 
 2. The Morris and Essex, the Delaware and Lackawa- 
 na, and the Bloomfield and Montclair Railroad Depots 
 are at Hoboken. 
 
 Access. — Feriy-boats from foot of Barclay and Chris- 
 topher streets. 
 
 * Owing to some blundering on the part of the engineers in building the 
 road connecting the Hudson River liailroad with the Harlem, the trains 
 on the former road will not be able to come to the new depot at present. 
 New York, Oct. 2. 
 
 9* 
 
102 GUIDE TO NEW YROK. 
 
 3. The Erie R. R., the Northern New Jersey, and the 
 Hackensack R. R. Depots are at Long Dock, Pavonia, 
 Jersey City. 
 
 Access. — Ferries from foot of Chambers street and 
 foot of 2ad street. 
 
 4. The New Jersey R. R. Depot is at Jersey City. 
 Access. — Ferries from foot of Cortlandt street and 
 
 Desbrosses street. 
 
 5. The New Jersey Central R. R. is at Communipaw. 
 Access. — By ferry from foot of Liberty steet. 
 
 6. South Side, Long Island R. R. Depot is at Williams- 
 burg. 
 
 Access. — By ferries from foot of Roosevelt and Grand 
 streets. 
 
 7. Long Island R. R. Depot is at Long Island City. 
 Access. — By ferry from James slip and from 34tb st. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 THE SUBURBS. 
 
 § 1. Brooklyn. 
 
 Brooklyn, the city of churches, the third city in point 
 of population, the jirincipal suburb of NevA^ York, con- 
 tains more than 400,000 inhabitants ; and Brooklyn peo- 
 ple believe, that ere many decades elapse, tlieir city will 
 be more populous than New York. The following table 
 sbows its growth : 
 Years. Population. Tears. Population, 
 
 1802 86 
 
 1814 3,805 
 
 1816 4,492 
 
 1820 7,475 
 
 1825 10,795 
 
 1830 15,295 
 
 1835 24,310 
 
 1840 30,233 
 
 1845 59,574 
 
 1850 96,838 
 
 1855 2;05,250 
 
 1860 266,714 
 
 1865: 296,112 
 
 1870 406,097 
 
 as^every one knows, probably, Brooklyn is a city of 
 
THE SUBUBBS. 103 
 
 clwelling-liouseB, occupied by people who do business in 
 the city of New York. It is more readily accessible to 
 the lower portion of the city than the upper part of the 
 Island is, and house-rent is cheaper. It counts among 
 its attractions a large number of churches, with some 
 few very distinguished clergymen, and a larger number 
 of very sensational ones. It has a very fine opera house, 
 several theatres, and is just completing an art-building 
 which, for architectural beauty, will compare favorably 
 with any building in the country. Prospect Park, about 
 two-thirds the size of Central Park, has a location which 
 commands far more extensive and picturesque views 
 than are to be had at the latter Park; and Wash- 
 ington Park, the late Fort Greene, is a beautiful little 
 breathing place. Greenwood cemetery, elsewhere de- 
 scribed, is one of Brooklyn's chief attractions. Its Mer- 
 cantile Library on Montague street, and the Long Island 
 Historical Library, corner of Court and Jerolamen streets 
 are thriving institutions, have a large number of mem- 
 bers and readers, and offer all the attractions common 
 to first-class libraries. Another of Brooklyn's attractions 
 is 
 
 The Nayy Yard. 
 
 This is a place of interest to many travelers, and the 
 Brooklyn yard is one of the best appointed in the coun- 
 try. It is located on Wallabout bay, about a mile from 
 Fulton ferry. Cars from this ferry pass the Yard, which 
 is open to visitors daily from 10 a. m. to 3:80 p. m. On 
 Tuesdays and Fridays visitors may be admitted on 
 board the Receiving Ship. 
 
 Brooklyn now embraces what used to be known as 
 WilliamslDurg. Travelers approaching New York by 
 any of the principal lines will find that the Baggage 
 Expressmen will take their baggage to any part of 
 Brooklyn, and by reference to p. 10 they will learn the 
 rates. 
 
 Access. — Passengers arriving or departing l)y steam- 
 boat will find the Belt Railroad convenient. From the 
 Forty-second street Depot, the Fourth avenue onmibus 
 line runs to South Ferry ; the Madison avenue line to 
 Wall street ferry ; the Fifth avenue line to Fulton ferry. 
 
104 guide to new york, 
 
 Staten Island 
 
 Ts, at its nearest point, about five miles soutli of the city. 
 It is about fifteen miles long-, from two to six wide, and is 
 divided into several townships. The surface is undula- 
 ting and from some parts the views to be obtained are 
 magnificent. There are a large number of elegant resi- 
 dences on thelsland and several villages. Like all the 
 suburbs of the city, the population is rapidly increasing. 
 
 Access. — By ferries. The North Shove ferry from 
 Pier No. 19, N. R., goes to New ^Brighton, West New 
 Brighton, Poit Richmond, and Elm Park. The other 
 feiTy is from foot of Whitehall street, and goes to the 
 East Side, to Quarantine Landing, to Stapleton, and 
 Vantlerbilt's Landing, and connects with the Staten 
 Island Railroad. . 
 
 Jeksey City. 
 
 Jersey City is an important suburb of New York. It 
 is the throroughfare by railroad to the South and West 
 and is connected with New York by several ferries. The 
 population in 1870, was 84,546, made up, like Brooklyn 
 of New Yorkers almost exclusively. Within a few 
 years the increase in population on the Jersey side by 
 emigration from New York has been enormous. Villages 
 on the line of the different railroads have sprung up like 
 mushrooms, in a night. 
 
 Hoboken 
 Which a few years ago was merely a little hamlet, and 
 was frequented only as romantic place for a Sunday af- 
 ternoon walk, has fallen into line with all the other su- 
 burbs of New York, and has sprung into the proportions 
 of a city. Two important railways"have their depots here, 
 and the Hamburgh and Bremen lines of steamers sail 
 from her docks. Population in 1870, 20.297. 
 
 Governok's Island 
 
 Is a military station of some importance, and may be 
 reached by ferry from foot of Whitehall street every 
 hour from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Fare 15 cents. The last 
 boat leaves the Island after evening parade. 
 
FOREIGN TRAVEL. 105 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 FOREIGN TRAVEL. 
 
 1. List of Foreign Consuls.— 2. Steamers to foreign ports ; their days of 
 sailing, etc. 
 
 § 1. Passports. 
 
 [Are issued by the Department of State free of expense, 
 on ai^plication properly made. The a23plicant must, 
 however, make his application in regular form, and it 
 must be sworn to before a notary public. Notaries 
 public are supplied with these forms and will fill them 
 up and obtain passports for a fee of two dollars. If the 
 applicant should not be known to the Notary, he must 
 find some one to identify him. If he procures his own 
 blank, and fills it properly, he can save something, but 
 he must swear to it before a Notary, who is entitled 
 therefor, to a fee oi twenty-five cents.'] 
 
 The traveler intending to go out of the country should 
 provide himself with a passport from the State Depart- 
 ment, which he can obtain without charge. Although 
 he may never have occasion to show it, it might happen 
 from contingencies which cannot be foreseen, to be in- 
 dispensable. He should then procure from well known 
 and responsible bankers, letters of credit on their corres- 
 pondents at the principal city to which he may be go- 
 ing. It is convenient also to provide a small supply of 
 pocket money in the coin of the country to which he 
 may be going. Take as little baggage as possible ; the 
 great mistake Americans who go abroad make, is to take 
 too much baggage. 
 
 In order to aid the traveler who is going abroad, we 
 give a list of Foreign Consuls residing in the city and 
 their places of business, and a list of steamers to foreign 
 ports ; their days of sailing ; the piers from which they 
 sail ; the offices for securing passage ; and the rates of 
 fare. 
 
106 guide to new york. 
 
 § 2. List of Fokeign Consuls in New York City. 
 
 Argentine Eepublic— E. F. Davidson, 12S Pearl. 
 
 Austria— C. Boleslawski, 83 Broad. 
 
 Baden— L. Schmidt, 68 Broadway, 
 
 Bavaria — George H. Siemon, 85 Nassau, 
 
 BelKinm— Chare's H. Mali. 45 Worth. 
 
 Bolivia— J. M. Munoz 63 Pine. 
 
 Brazil— Louis H. F. D'A^uiar, 13 Broadway. 
 
 Chile— Stephen Eogers, 249 W. 42d, 
 
 Colombia — Juan de Dios Restrepo, 25 William, 
 
 Costa Rica— A. C, Garcia, 19 Broad. 
 
 D«nmark— C. T. Christensen, 112 Front, Henry Braem, Y. C. 
 
 Dominica— D. A. De Lima, 23 William. 
 
 Ecuador — Nicholas R. Ansado, 7 Broadway. 
 
 France— Bollaigue de Bughas, acting ; George Kobb, V. C, 4 Bow- 
 ing Green. 
 
 Great Britain— E, M. Archibald ; Pierrepont Edwards, V. C. 17 
 Broadway. 
 
 Greece— D. N. Botassi, 47 Exchange pi. 
 
 Guatemala— B. Blanco, 13 S. William, 
 
 Haiti— C. A. Vanbokkclen, 29 Front. 
 
 Hawaiian Id .nds— S. U. F. Odell, 24 Beaver. 
 
 Hesse — Darmstadt — F. W. Keutgen, 5S Beaver. 
 
 Honduras— E. G. Squier, Res. Min. 139 E. 39lh. 
 
 Italy— Ferdiaando de Luca; A. P. Bajnotti. V. C, T Broadway. 
 
 Liberia— H. M. Schieflfelin, 42 Bible h. 
 
 Mexico (Republic) — Juan Navarro, 52 Exchange pi, 
 
 Monaca— H. Rouhaud, 2 Bowling gr. 
 
 Netherlands— R. 0. Burlage ; J. E. Zimmerman, V. C, 45 Exchange 
 
 Pl. 
 
 Nicaragua — 
 
 North German Union— Johannes Eoesing ; W. Zach, Y. C, 117 BVay 
 
 Norway— C. Bors, IS Exchange pl, 
 
 Paraguay — II. Mullowney, 91 Wall. 
 
 Peru— J. C. Tracy, 26i Broadway. 
 
 Portugal— Antonio M. da Cunha Pereira de Sotto Maior ; L. E. Am- 
 
 sinck. V. C, 14S Pearl. 
 Paissia— R. O&tensacken, 52 Exchange pl. ; R. Schultz, V. C, 25 Old si 
 Salvador— Jose Jerman Ribon, 63 Pine. 
 
 Spain- Hipolito de Uriarte; F. Granados, Y. C, 29 Broadway. 
 Sweden— C. Bors, 18 Exchange pl. 
 Switzerland— Louis P. Luze. f, 
 
 Turkey— C. Oscanyan, 66 Broadway. 
 Uruguay— Edwin C. B. Garsia, 19 Broad. 
 Yenezuela— T. Hernandez, 121 Front. 
 Wurtemberg— Leopold von Bierwirth, 69 Pine. 
 
 § 3. Foreign Steamers — Their Sailing Days ; from 
 what Piers; Business Offices; Rates of Passage. 
 
 FOR LIVERPOOL. 
 
 CUNARD LINE.— Every Wednesday for steamers 
 not carrying steerage passengers, from Jersey City, office 
 No, 4 Bowling Green. Fare by the Scotia and the 
 Russia, $130 gold, 1st cabin ; $80 gold, 2d cabin. For 
 
FORMGN STEAMERS. 107 
 
 the other "Wednesday steamers, |100 gold, 1st cabin ; $80 
 gold, 2d cabin. Per Saturday's steamers carrying steer- 
 age passengers, cabin, $80 gold ; Steerage, $30 gold. 
 
 INMAN LINE. — Saturdays and Thursdays, from 
 Pier No. 45, N. R., office 15 Broadway. Passage, First 
 Cabin, $75 gold ; Steerage, $30 currency. 
 
 NATIOi^AL LINE.— Saturdays from Pier No. 47, N. 
 R., office 69 Broadway. Passage, $65 and $75, curren- 
 cy ; Steerage, $38, currency. 
 
 LIVERPOOL AND GREAT WESTERN CO.— Wed- 
 nesdays, from Pier No. 40, N. R., office 63 Wall street. 
 Cabin Passage, $80, gold; Steerage, $30, currency. 
 
 WHITE STAR LINE.— Every Saturday from White 
 Star Dock, Pavonia, Jersey City, office 19 Broadway. 
 Cabin Passage, $80, gold ; Steerage, $33, Currency. 
 
 FOR GLASGOW. 
 
 ANCHOR LINE.— Wednesdays and Saturdays from 
 Pier 20, N. R., office No. 7 Bowling Green. Cabin Pas- 
 sage, $65 and $75 ; Steerage, $28, currency. 
 
 FOR HAVRE. 
 
 GENERAL TRANSATLANTIC COMPANY.— Sat- 
 urdays from Pier No. 50, N. R., office No. 58 Broadway. 
 Passage, 1st Cabin, $125 ; 2d, $75, gold, including wine. 
 
 FOR HAMBURG. 
 HAMBURG-AMERICAN PACKET COMPANY.— 
 
 Wednesdays from Hoboken, office for passage. No. 6 
 Barclay street, ^ssage, First Cabin, adults, $120 ; 
 Second Cabin, $7» Steerage, $30. Children and Ser- 
 vants at reduced rates. 
 
 FOR BREMEN. 
 
 NORTH GERMAN LLOYD STEAMSHIP COM- 
 PANY. — Days of sailing not regular. Eight or ten 
 times per month, from Hoboken, office, 68 Broad street. 
 Passage, First Cabin, $120 ; Second, $72 ; Steerage. $40 
 
 FOR STETTIN. 
 
 BALTIC LLOYD MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 Days of sailing, Saturdays, from Pier, 13, N. R., office, 
 40 Broadway. Cabin Passage, $80 ; Steerage, $30. 
 
108 GUIDE TO NEW YOEK. 
 
 FOR BERMUDA. 
 
 Days of sailing, every third Thursday from Pier No. 
 21, N. R., office 54 Exchange place. Passage, $30, gold. 
 
 FOR ST. THOMAS, W. I., AND RIO JANEIRO 
 UNITED STATES AND BRAZIL MAIL STEAM- 
 SHIP COMPANY.— Days of sailing, the 23d of every 
 month, from Pier No. 33. N. R., office ,No. 5 Bowling 
 <^r('r-n. Passage to St. Thomas, $100 ; to Para, $150 ; 
 to Peruambuco, $200 ; to Bahia, $210 ; to Rio Janeiro, 
 $225. Children under 12 years, half price. 
 
 FOR ASPINWALL, via., Kingston, Jamaica, Panama 
 South and Central American ports, China, and Japan. 
 
 THE PACIFIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY.— Sailing 
 
 days, 15th and 30th of each month, from Pier 42, N. R, 
 Passage to Kingston, Jamaica, $70 or $75, currency ; 
 Steerage, $35. To Aspinwall, $90 or $100, currency ; 
 Steerage, $41. To Panama, $25 gold additionah New 
 York to San Francisco, $125 or $150, according to loca- 
 tion of berth ; Steerage, $G0, currency. San Francisco, 
 to Yokohama, $250 gold and $5 currency. To Hong 
 Kong, Shanghai, Hiogo, or Nagasaki, $300 gold and $9 
 currency. 
 
 FOR HAVANA. 
 
 THE ATLANTIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 — Calls at Nassau monthly. Days of sailing, Thursdays 
 from Pier No. 4, N. R., office 5 Bowling Green. Fare 
 to Havana on steamers Columbia and. Moro Castle, $70, 
 currency; on steamer Missouri, $60, currency. To 
 Nassau, on all the steamers of the line, $50, gold. 
 
 NEW YORK AND MEXICAN S. S. COMPANY.— 
 Every ten days from Pier 17, E. R., office 33 Broadway. 
 
 Passage $65, currency. 
 
 FOR VERA CRUZ AND PROGRESO. 
 
 NEW YORK AND MEXICAN S. S. COMPANY.— 
 Every twenty days from Pier 17, E. R., office, 33 Broad- 
 way. Passage to Progresso, $80, gold. To Vera Cruz, 
 $100 gold, First Cabin ; $60 Second Cabin. 
 

 MULTUM IN PARVO. 
 
 
 
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 /. *S^ REDFIELD, FUBLISHEM 
 140 FULTON STREET 
 
 1871. 
 
 
 PRICE •ao lEXTS 
 
LIST OF BOOKS 
 
 Published by 
 
 J. S. FLEDF'iELID. 
 
 140 Fulton Stiieet, New York. 
 
 I. Jlodci'ii Women and What is Said of 
 
 Them : A Reprint of a iSeries of Articles in the Saturiaij 
 Review, with an Introduction by Mrs. Lucia Gilbert 
 Caluoun, Fird Series. 
 
 Contents— The Girl of the Period, Foolish VirgiiiB. Little Women, Pinchbeck, 
 Feminine AO'ectations. Ideal Women, Woman and the World, Unequal Marriages, 
 Husband Huntini;. Perils of "'Paying Attention." Women's Heroines, Interference. 
 Plain Girls, A Word for Female Vanity, The Abuse of MatchMakin^^, Feminine 
 Influence. Pigeons, Pretty Preachers, Ambitious Wives, Platonic Women, i\lan 
 and his Master, The Goose and the Gander, Engagements, ^ oman in Orders, 
 Woman and her Critics, Mistress and Maid, or Dress and Undress, ^Esthetic 
 Woman, What is Woman's Work ? Papal Woman, Modern Mothers, Priesthood 
 of Woman, The Future of Woman. La Femme Passce, The Fading Flower, 
 Spoilt v\ omen. Costume and its Morals. 
 
 In one Volume, 12mo, liundsomely printed and bound in cloth, beveled 
 boards, Price Two Dollaks. 
 
 II. Modem Women and What is Said of 
 
 Tjie.m : a Series of Articles Repiinted from The Saturday 
 Ri'cu'io. Second Series. 
 
 Conteaits.— The Fashionable Woman, Man and his Disenchanter, Nymphs, 
 Old UirJs Feminine Amenities, Grim Fg»^es, '^idows. Charming Women, 
 Apron -t rings. Bored Husbands, Flattery ,'^^MJig Mth Women, Women's Weap- 
 ons, The An of Coaxing, The Wild WorflBbesofivrement, Governesses. The 
 Shrieking Sisterhood, Pretty Women, Th^^ircli^n the Boudoir, Pumpkins, 
 The ^ocial Lady-Bird, Buttercups, Beauty and Brains, Mesalliances. W'eak Sisters, 
 ^emi-l)etached Wives, Mature Sirens, Dolls, Dove Cotes, Fine Feelings, Flirting. 
 Chaperons, First Love, Sweet Seventeen, Wasp Waists, Friendship, Shrews. Ex- 
 clii^iveness of Women, Popular Women, Men's Favorites, Womanliness, Falling 
 In Love, The Loudon Season. 
 
 In one vol., 12mo, 400 pp. Price Two Dollars. 
 
 III. Conjugal Sins against the Laws of 
 
 Life and Health, and their Effects upon the Father, 
 Mother and Child. By A. K. Gardnek, A.M., M.D. 
 
 Couteuts.— The Modern Woman's Physical Deterioration; Local Disease in 
 Children, and its Causes; At What Age should one Marr/; Is Continence Physi- 
 cally Injurious? Personal Pollution: ^Phe Injurious Results of Physical Excess; 
 Methods Used to Prevent Conception, and their Consequences • Infanticide ; 
 Conjugal Uelations during the Period of Menstruation; Conjugal Relations be- 
 tween the Old; Marriage between Old Men and Young Girls; What may be 
 imvit^i^^alth in View, and the Fear of God before us. 
 
IV. Tribune JEssays, Leading Articles contributed 
 to Tlie New York Tribune, from 1857 to 18G3. By 
 Charles T. Congdon, with an Introduction by Horace 
 Greeley. 
 
 Contents,— Prefatory Notice, Introduction, Perils and Besetting Snarea, 
 Inaugural Glories, Mr. Benjamin Screws, Mr. Mason's Manners, The Great Rog- 
 ersville Flogging, Mr. Mitcheirs Desires, Mr. Mason's Manners Once More. Pre- 
 sidential Politejaess, William the Conqueror, lieujamin's Second .Notice. The 
 Reveries of Reverdy, i he Fores.irut of Mr., Fielder, Mi-. Mitchell's Commercia/ 
 Views, Father Ludovico's Fancy, Mr. Ghoate on Dr. Adams's sermons, Universitj 
 Wanted, Mr, Pollard's '' Mammy," A Church Going into Business. A New Laugh 
 Ing-Stock. A Cumberland Presbyterian Newspaper, Nil Nisi Bouum, Two Tomb 
 6tones, The Perils of I'edago^y, Josiah's Jaunt, A Biographical Battle, Mr. Ban 
 croft on the Declaration of Independence, Modern CMvahy— A Manifesto. Mr 
 Fillmore :takes a View, A Banner with a Strange Device, A Southern Diarist, Dr 
 Tyler's Diagnosis, The Montgomery Muddle — A Specimen Day, Ready-madj 
 Unity and the Society for its Promotion, A Private Battery, Southern Notions ot 
 the North, Alexander the Bouncer. Roundheads and Cavaliers, Wise Convalescent 
 Slaveholder's Honor, No Question before the House, Bella V.olita- Soft War 
 The Humanities South, The Charge of Precipitancy, The Assassination, Strikino 
 an Avera^ze, The Coming Despotism, Abolition and .-ecession, A Bacchanal ol 
 Beaufort, Concerning Shirts, Fair but Fierce. Bobbing Around, Niobe and 
 Latona, Secession Squabbles, ''Biblius," Cold Comfort, Extemporizing Produc- 
 tion, Very Particular, Prudent Fugacity, Extemporizing Parties, Platform Nov- 
 elties, Prophecies and Probabilities "Drawing it Mild" in Memphis, Loyalty 
 and Light. Hedging, The Trial of Toombs, The Council of Thirty Five, Davis a 
 Despot, All Means to Crush! Northern Independence, The Constitution— Not 
 Conquest, Train's Troubles, The Slaveholding^Utopia, Twelve Little Dirty Ques- 
 tions, Democracy in Loudon, Laughter in N|w Hampshire, Slaveholdiug Virtues, 
 Roland for an Oliver, Historical Scarecrows', The Other Way, Saulsbury's Senti- 
 ments, Jeflerson the Gentleman, The Contagion of Secession, Davis to Mankind, 
 Union for the Union, The Necessity of servility. What shall we do with Them?, 
 Pocket Morality, Waiting for a Partner, At Home and Abroad, Mr. Davis pro- 
 noses to Fast, Mr. B, Wood's Utopia, Mr, Buxton Scared, Charleston Cozy, The 
 Twin Abominations, Victory and Victuals, Sua. Per Coll. 
 
 W.KLT. Wiiii\m.\n's Books. 
 
 V. Leaves of Gh'US.^ A new Edition, with addi- 
 tions and revisioili. i'%ol. ]2mo, paper, uncut $2.50. 
 
 VI. Passage to India, A Sequel to " Leaves of 
 Glass." i vol. l2nio, paper, uncut. ll.OO. 
 
 VII. Democratic Vistas (Prose), l vol. i2mo, 
 papej", uncut. 75 cents. 
 
 VIII. Oft the Uses of Wines in Health a^id 
 
 Disease. By Francis E. x\nstie, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 Paper, 50 cts. 
 
IX. Modem Palitiistry ; or the Book of the 
 
 Hand. Chiefly according to the systems of D'Arpentigny 
 and DesbarroUes, with some aceount of the Gipsies. 
 By A. R. Craig, M. A., witli ilhis. Cloth extra. $1.75. 
 
 Contents.— Palmistry as a Science, Ancient Palmistry, The Modern Science 
 and its Hicrh Priest, Si^^ns attached to the Palm of the Hand, The Thumb, Hard 
 and Soft Hands, The Hand in Children, The Spatuled Hand, English Hands, The 
 North American Hand. The Artist Hand, The Useful Hand. Chinese Hands. The 
 Baud of the Philosopher, The Hand Psychical, ^^ixed Hands, The Female Hand, 
 M. DesbarroUes and the Advanced School. Palmistry in relation to the Future. 
 The Three Worlds of Chiromancy. The Mounts and Lines. The Line of the Head, 
 The Liuo of Life— of Saturn— of the Liver— of Venus. The Line of the Sun. The 
 Kascette. The Seven Capital Sins, Power of Interpretation, The Astral Fluid. 
 The Children of the Ruling Planets— their Characters, Headings of the Hands of 
 Celebrated Men and Women. M. DVArpentigny and the Gipsies— Mr. Borrow's 
 Researches, Gipsy Chiromants, The Hand as affected by Marriage, Conclusion. 
 
 X. Hand- Booh of Progressive Philosox>hy. 
 
 By Edward Schiller. One vol. 12mo, extra cloth, ^^1.75. 
 
 XI. The Kidney ; its Struct are , Functions 
 
 and Dlseases. Bright's Disease ; the Uiine — its Constit- 
 uents ; Chemical tests for the vaiious Diseases ; their 
 Symptoms and Treatment ; adapted to popular compre- 
 hension. By Edward H. Dixon, M. D. Paper, .25 
 
 XII. The Lover's Library ; or Tales of Sentiment 
 and Passion. A collection of Love Stories by the best 
 authors. Paper, .50 
 
 XIII. liedfteld's Half-Dime rest-Pocket City 
 
 Maps. New York City, now ready. .05 
 
 XIV. Little-Brceches, By John Hay, Illustrated by 
 J. T. Engel and photohthographed by the American 
 PhotoHthogTaphic Co. (Osborn's Process.) .25 
 
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