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TICONDEROGA 
 
 PAST AND PRESENT 
 
 xMIXED; 
 
 A Companion to "Lake George, Illustrated." 
 
 Being a History of Ticonderoga — Illustrated with Etch- 
 ings, AND containing A MaP OF THE RuiNS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 / 
 
 S. R. STODDARD. 
 
 A 
 
 ALBANY: 
 WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY, PRINTERS. 
 
 iS73. 
 
Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and 
 seventy-three, 
 
 By S. R. STODDARD, 
 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 WEED, PARSONS* CO., 
 
 PRINTERS AND STEREOTYPERS , 
 
 ALBANY, N. V. 
 
 .-^^ 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 OVERLAND 5 
 
 The Model Stage Man 6 
 
 Baldwinianisms 7 
 
 Barnum = 7 
 
 Pippins 7 
 
 A Passage at Arms 8 
 
 The Upper Falls 9 
 
 Alexandria 10 
 
 Lord Howe 1 1 
 
 TiCONDEROGA : Roads 13 
 
 " A Great Natural Curiosity " 14 
 
 Another 15 
 
 Village of Ticonderoga 15 
 
 The Old French Lines 16 
 
 Abercrombie's Defeat 17 
 
 The Muddy Little Boy 19 
 
 Baldwin Again 20 
 
 His Great Affliction 21 
 
 A Blissful Future Foreshadowed 22 
 
 Discoveries : A Retrospect 23 
 
 Adam 23 
 
 Noah 23 
 
 The Magi 24 
 
 The Northmen 24 
 
 Chris 24 
 
 Other Discoverers 25 
 
 The Pocahontas-Smith Affair 26 
 
iv Contents. 
 
 Discoveries — (Concluded) : Page. 
 
 Puritans Discovered 27 
 
 Henry Hudson 28 
 
 Samuel Champlain 29 
 
 Early Battle — 1609 30 
 
 Carillon 34 
 
 Fort Ticonderoga 34 
 
 Meaning of the Name 35 
 
 History previous to the Revolution 35 
 
 The Green Mountain Boys 37 
 
 Ethan Allen 38 
 
 Allen's Narrative .• 39 
 
 Capture of Ticonderoga by Allen 41 
 
 Mount Defiance 46 
 
 Capture of Ticonderoga by Burgoyne 47 
 
 Peace 49 
 
 Fort Ticonderoga Hotel 50 
 
 Map of the Ruins, 1873 51 
 
 Present State of the Ruins 52 
 
 The old Fort Well 52 
 
 The old Soldier 52 
 
 The Covered Way 53 
 
 The Barracks 53 
 
 A Difference of Opinion 54 
 
 Grenadier Battery 55 
 
 Mount Independence 55 
 
 The Underground Rooms 56 
 
 Outer Defenses 58 
 
 A Picture 59 
 
 The Parade 62 
 
 The Sally Port 62 
 
 A Tradition 63 
 
 Tremble Meadow 64 
 
 Good Night 65 
 
 Contents of Lake George. Illustrated 67 
 
TICONDEROGA 
 
 OVERLAND. 
 
 ANDERERS still, we have threaded 
 the silvery pathway of the Horican, 
 and are drifting idly toward the gray 
 old ruins of the forest stronghold, 
 venerable in its departed grandeur, 
 crowned with the wild legends and 
 historical associations that cluster around its 
 crumbling battlements and telling its story of loves 
 and hates, of hopes and fears, of the glittering 
 pomps of warfare, of booming cannon and the roll- 
 ing drum, of glad pasans of victory, the solemn dirge, 
 of death. Of earthly plans, of ambitions wild, of the 
 arrogant assumption of puny man, and the love of 
 forgiving Nature, who tenderly covers over the scars 
 and hides the ruined hopes under a mantle of living 
 green. 
 
 The trip overland from Lake George to Lake 
 Champlain cannot, strictly speaking, be called a 
 green spot in the memory, for my recollection of 
 the place is that it almost always rains, or has just 
 been doing so, in which case the spots are a decided 
 
6 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 clay color ; but they who fail to take it in are, to 
 say the least, unfortunate, and miss one of the finest 
 features of a trip to Ticonderoga, for there are more 
 recollections piled into the hour occupied in cross- 
 ing than days spent elsewhere. 
 
 Five great box-like stages, one baggage wagon, 
 twenty-two horses and six drivers waited for us at 
 the foot of Lake George, as the little steamer came 
 to rest against the dock, and we passed out over 
 the plank to the clay-bespattered platform, where 
 stood the driver-in-chief, with always a pleasant 
 word or a happy retort at his tongue's end, and a 
 fund of information at the disposal of any who might 
 take the trouble to ask for it ; a genial, obliging, 
 gentlemanly man ; the joy of seekers after knowl- 
 edge ; the terror of those who know too much, and 
 the admiration of unprotected females, Avho, blessed 
 with a multitude of years and bundles, have been 
 robbed and execrated everywhere else in conse- 
 quence thereof; one who transports his passengers 
 with safety and wit, and actually seems to think 
 them possessed of privileges which a stage driver 
 is bound to respect. In short, it is " Baldwin," and 
 that tells it all, for every body knows him. 
 
 " Mr. Baldwin, I presume," said a young man, 
 with a smart air, approaching the veteran. 
 
 "At your service, sir." 
 
 *' My name is Smith.' 
 
Baldwinianisms. 7 
 
 ''Ah! Your fame has preceded you, sir; you 
 are spoken of at some length in the city directory. 
 Hope you are feeUng well." 
 
 " Quite so, thank you. May I venture to inquire 
 how the animals are getting along?" 
 
 " Certainly ; quite naturally. They are doing 
 very well, considering the depth of the mud. I 
 have been very fortunate so far, sir; never have 
 lost an animal yet, although they often get in out 
 of sight, in which case we take their bearings, and 
 raise them at our leisure." 
 
 " I do not refer to your horses,'" said the young 
 man, with a quizzical look at the great, red stage, 
 and coming to the point at once : '' But do you 
 know, sir, that you and your caravan remind me of 
 Barnum with his cages of wonderful wild animals." 
 
 " Can't see the least resemblance, my dear sir," 
 said Baldwin; "for Barnum carries his animals 
 inside, while mine usually ride on top. Climb up, 
 if you please." 
 
 After we were fairly under way a gentleman 
 asked Mr. Baldwin if he was any relation to the 
 Baldwin apple. 
 
 " Yes, sir : we are first cousins." 
 
 "Ah! I am delighted to know it. I'm Mr. 
 Pippin." 
 
 " Proud to make your acquaintance, sir," said 
 the Baldwin; " happy to know that we both belong 
 
"8 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 to the same great family ; but I have noticed, I am 
 sorry to say, that pippins, while outwardly fair to 
 behold, are usually rotten at the core." 
 
 Pippin was dried apples for the rest of the 
 journey. 
 
 Immediately after the close of the late unpleas- 
 antness at the south the country was full of 
 shoulder-straps and bullion, and almost every little 
 hamlet boasted its General — a Brigadier at least. 
 One day, at Ticonderoga, one of these titled gentle- 
 men might have been, and was, seen taking posses- 
 sion of a top seat on one of Baldwin's stages, 
 considerably elevated, spiritually as well as bodily, 
 and evidently anxious to match his wit against that 
 of the noted joker. He opened the engagement by 
 inquiring if Phil Sheridan had not passed that way 
 in his recent trip through the country, and was 
 told that he had. 
 
 " Well," said he, '' how was the General at the 
 time? he's rather given to the demi, isn't he? " 
 
 " Do you mean diQuii-john ? " 
 
 '' Yes ! " 
 
 " Well, I don't know, but he may be," said Mr. 
 Baldwin, " its a common affliction among my mili- 
 tary passengers." 
 
 "Come, come!" said the General, producing a 
 pocket-flask, and offering it, evidently feeling that 
 
A Passage at Arms. 9 
 
 his opponent's remarks were rather ponited, ** take 
 a drink, and let's call it square." 
 
 "No, sir!" said he, "I do not use the stuff; 1 
 propose to live without it, and die with my wits 
 about me." 
 
 " Very good, if a man can't stand it, he'd better 
 not try. Von are a good man ; a moral man ; and a 
 xQ-markably good-looking man, I must confess ; but, 
 say, how is it, does it take a YQ-markably good-look- 
 ing man to make a stage-driver?" 
 
 "Yes, sir!'' said the remarkably good-looking 
 man, evidently on his mettle, " It takes a man for a 
 stage-driver, but any thing under heaven will do 
 for a General, now-a-days ! " 
 
 We mount to the top of the hill, where we must 
 bid adieu to the silvery waters, and a lovely scene 
 of sloping hillside, valley and mountain, opens up 
 before us. Then down the road we go to the 
 corner, where, turning to cross the bridge, above 
 the falls, we pause a moment and look around. 
 
 Here the waters of the lake that have moved 
 sluggishly along between their low banks begin to 
 ripple and gurgle as if they heard the music, and 
 were hurrying gleefully onward to join in the glad 
 anthem of the sounding waters below, and pass- 
 ing under the bridge, rest a moment in their 
 course, then, flashing and foaming, plunge down- 
 ward, in a succession of leaps, until they rest under 
 
lO TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 the cloud of spray at the bottom. Now, singing 
 through the meadows, dancing over the stones, 
 sweeping around to the right, they go, ever hurry- 
 ing, never resting, until they gather for their final 
 leap over the outcropping ledges at the lower falls 
 that separates the mass of water into threads of 
 shining silver and myriads of glittering pearls. 
 
 Here is one of the best mill privileges in the 
 world, furnished with a uniform supply of Avater, 
 through drouth or flood, from the never failing 
 reservoir above, making a descent of over two 
 hundred feet in going a little more than a mile, 
 while large vessels can be brought up to the 
 very foot of the lower falls, and laid against the 
 mills from which to receive their cargoes. 
 
 At one time quite a village existed here, rejoicing 
 in the name of Alexandria, but the land was owned 
 by an Englishman, who refused to sell without 
 exacting onerous terms, such as a reservation of all 
 ores, minerals, etc., to himself and heirs for all time 
 to come, which has kept it comparatively unoccu- 
 pied. Once, a good many years ago, men came to 
 look at the falls, with intent to build, but, not con- 
 sidering the title good, they went to Lowell and 
 commenced the erection of these immense factories 
 which have made the place what it is ; and thus 
 Ticonderoga lost its chance of ranking among 
 cities where Lowell does to-day. Within a year 
 
Alexandria. ii 
 
 or two, however, a company from that city has 
 erected a cotton factory at the foot of the falls, 
 which will give employment to nearly two hundred 
 operatives, which state of affairs causes great joy 
 in the breasts of the young men thereabout, and 
 Alexandria is looking up once more. 
 
 Toward the north, down where the waters of the 
 lake, circling around, are joined by those of Trout 
 Brook from the valley on the west, the gallant Lord 
 Howe — the life and actual leader of Abercrombie's 
 unfortunate expedition of 1758 — was killed. He 
 is described as having been the very personification 
 of boldness and enterprise ; having but few equals 
 physically, and perfectly at home whether in the 
 halls of royalty or among the sturdy colonists — 
 the life of every movement with which he was con- 
 nected — and seeing, not the dress or grade, social 
 or military, but the man, whether robed in royal 
 purple or clothed in homespun. He had conceived 
 a great liking for Rogers, admired him for his 
 daring and skill as a woodsman, and often joined 
 him on his expeditions to master the mysteries 
 of bush fighting, and match himself against the 
 wily red men in their native forests. 
 
 A letter written by one who accompanied the 
 expedition states that Lord Howe was with Put- 
 nam, at the head of the rangers, pressing through 
 the thick forests toward Ticonderoga, when they 
 
12 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 came suddenly upon a detachment of 300 French, 
 who, in attempting to retreat to the fort, had lost 
 their way. 
 
 " Keep back, my lord," said Putnam, as they 
 advanced tOAvard the enemy ; ''j^ou are the idol 
 and soul of the army, while my life is worth but 
 little." 
 
 '' Putnam," was Howe's answer, " your life is as 
 dear to you as mine is to me. I am determined to go.'' 
 
 At the first fire Lord Howe fell, and the whole 
 English army was thrown into confusion, the regu- 
 lars pressing back on those behind in a way that, 
 for a time, threatened a complete rout. The 
 rangers, taking refuge behind trees, fought on 
 after the Indian fashion, until the main body ral- 
 lied and returned to the charge, this time sweeping 
 the French before them with great slaughter, kill- 
 ing one-third of their number and taking about 
 one hundred and fifty prisoners. 
 
 The death of Howe seemed to paralyze the 
 men for a time, who, confused and disheartened by 
 their loss, returned to the landing or bivouacked on 
 the field until the next day, when they advanced 
 upon the French lines. 
 
 Crossing the bridge we proceed on our way, and, 
 soon turning again toward the north, commence 
 descending the long hill that leads down to the 
 village of Ticonderoga. 
 
TiCONDEROGA ROADS. 1 3 
 
 Many admire the surrounding country, but no 
 one goes into ecstacies over the roads. We are 
 not, apparently, educated up to it ; but if the 
 lamented Captain Jack could come here when the 
 clay has hardened into rock, and gaze down into 
 the yawning depths of the cavernous ruts, his 
 bones would leap for joy, thinking that they were 
 once more among the lava beds of the Modoc 
 country. Then, when it has been raining, and the 
 rock softens, all idols have feet of clay, and it does 
 not require such a wonderful stretch of faith to 
 believe that you are actually made of the dust of 
 the earth, for there is indisputable proof all over 
 you. 
 
 Clay to the right of them ; 
 Clay to the left of them ; 
 Front, back and top of 'em. 
 Slippery and squashy. 
 
 Sticky doesn't half express the agony — it meets 
 you half way every time ; it works steadily up 
 your legs ; it clings to your boots, building out 
 at the sides, piling up and roUing over on top, 
 in front, behind — every way. Occasionally, when 
 you are exerting yourself to lift a foot, it will 
 break off in great masses so unexpectedly 
 that you nearly go over on the other side ; then 
 load up again, and increasing in size and weight 
 until in general appearance and style of handling 
 (if a person may be properly said to handle his 
 2 
 
14 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 feet) they resemble those of the agile elephant, and 
 you cease to wonder that flies walk fearlessly on 
 the ceiling, if the suction on their pedal extremities 
 is any thing like that of yours in Ticonderoga clay. 
 Great masses revolve ponderously over on the 
 wheels; the coaches are painted, striped and var- 
 nished with it, the drivers are covered, and the 
 horses look like clay models of that noble beast. 
 
 The stages halted in a cluster when part way 
 down the hill, and looking around to see the cause 
 of the stoppage we beheld a Websterian form 
 (some suggested that it was more Clay than Web- 
 ster — from the knees down) mounted on a ros- 
 tral pile of stones, and thus the orator spake : 
 
 *' Ladies and gentlemen, you will see, if you 
 please, on your left, a great natural curiosity — an 
 oak and an elm growing from one stump ; you can 
 see by the bark and by the leaves that there is no 
 mistake about it ; it is truly a g-r-e-a-t n-a-t-u-r-a-I 
 c-u-r-i-o-s-i-t-y ; and what God has joined together 
 let not man put asunder ; drive on your horses." 
 
 "■ Hold on !" shouted a confident young blood, who 
 saw a chance of turning the laugh on the renowned 
 joker. 
 
 " Woa ! woa ! what's up ?" 
 
 With a majestic wave of the hand, m imitation 
 of the speaker who had preceded him, he said : 
 
 " You will behold, if you please, on the rigJit, 
 
.A Great Natural Curiosity. 15 
 
 another g-r-e-a-t n-a-t-u-r-a-1 c-u-r-i-o-s-i-t-j ; a 
 juvenile specimen of the bovine race — " 
 
 ''Young man," said Baldwin, sternly "that's a 
 calf. No great curiosity to any one who has seen 
 you. Drive on, George." 
 
 This curious tree spoken of has a smooth, round 
 body, which, a little above the surface, separates 
 into two distinct species, as stated by Mr. Baldw^in, 
 who, on being asked how he accounted for the 
 phenomenon, allowed that it was " because it grew 
 on good union soil." 
 
 " Ruins I ruins ! Let us roam," said a gentleman 
 who seemed to be afflicted with a defective vision 
 and a poetic temperament. " Fit emblem of the 
 poor, weak mortals who here strove for fame, and 
 now forgotten lie in unknown graves ; while Time, 
 the great leveler, passes, and the mighty walls of 
 Ticonderoga crumble away into the dust ; — and, I 
 say, driver, can you show us the underground pas- 
 sage that we hear so much talk about?" 
 
 '* Yes, sir, when we get there ; I should be very 
 happy. This is not the ruins, however, but the 
 thriving little village of Ticonderoga. A little 
 dirty, I must admit, owing to the conditions of the 
 roads, but a pretty little village, indeed, when it 
 gets washed up." 
 
 The village has a thrifty look ; contains about 
 1,500 inhabitants, three or four churches, schools, 
 
l6 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 an academy, woolen factory — noted for producing 
 a remarkably good quality of cloth — two hotels, 
 several stores, black lead mill, etc. ; soil very pro- 
 ductive and roads — characteristic. 
 
 We pass through the village, across the bridge, 
 turn toward the right, descend a steep little pitch 
 to the flat below, and circling around to the other 
 side climb the hill, halting at intervals that the 
 panting horses may get breath for a fresh pull at 
 the heavy stages. 
 
 Glancing backward we see the lovely little 
 village ; its white houses and church spires gleam- 
 ing through the dark green foliage of oaks, shut in 
 by mountains that come down round about on 
 every side ; the divided falls flashing and foaming 
 white, with a foreground of waving grasses and 
 lily -pads ; while through the reedy flat comes the 
 stream, winding gently onward to where it mingles 
 with the waters of Champlain, under the gray walls 
 of Ticonderoga. 
 
 Arriving at the top of the hill we find a broad 
 plateau, along which, in a south-easterly direction, 
 we go, and entering a field through a gate, which 
 is opened by a muddy little boy, are upon the 
 bloody battle ground in front of the old French 
 Imes. 
 
ABERCROMBIE'S DEFEAT. 
 
 LITTLE after noon, on the 8th of 
 July, 1758, the order was given to 
 advance, and the Enghsh army swept 
 forward " into the jaws of death " to 
 attack the French, who were securely 
 entrenched behind high breastworks ; 
 while extending out in front for a hundred yards 
 oak trees had been felled, and lay with the branches 
 sharpened, and pointing outward. Up to this the 
 English marched, and endeavored to force theif 
 w^ay, while a steady fire from the enemy cut lanes 
 and alleys through their columns, and swept them 
 away like leaves before the whirlwind. 
 
 Three times did the Scotch Highlanders cut their 
 way to the very summit of the ramparts, and while 
 some, toppling over, pierced with many wounds, 
 fell fighting to the last, the rest borne back by the 
 furious storm of iron which flew from that line 
 of fire, retreated sullenly to re-form for another 
 advance. 
 
 For four hours, under the hot July sun, this 
 unequal contest lasted, the English columns 
 advancing like waves of the ocean, to dash in 
 
l8 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 impotent fury upon that terrific shore of death, 
 and, breaking, recede in rivulets of blood. The 
 recall sounded at last, and they retreated in dis- 
 order — frightened when no man pursueth — to 
 their boats at Lake George, where they re-em- 
 barked, and returned to Fort Wilham Henry with- 
 out bringing a cannon to bear on the enemy. 
 
 Abercrombie reported 588 killed and missing, 
 and 1,356 wounded. Of this number the Forty- 
 second Highlanders alone lost, killed and wounded, 
 over 600, including all but two of its officers. 
 The loss would have been much greater if there 
 had been a force of Indians for Montcalm to set 
 after the fugitives ; but, luckily, there were but 
 sixteen in the fort at the time. The French force 
 engaged was 3,458; loss, 271 wounded; 197 killed 
 and missing. 
 
 At its close Montcalm, who had stood with his 
 coat off throughout the entire engagement, direct- 
 ing the movements of his men, made the proud 
 boast that, with a half dozen guns and two mortars, 
 he could take Carillon without the loss of a man, 
 thinking, probably, of Mount Defiance ; but Aber- 
 crombie did not seem to think of that, although he 
 had that very day sent an engineer to reconnoitre, 
 and Gen. Johnson, with 600 Indians, occupied, and 
 from its summit were silent spectators of the scene 
 below. 
 
The Muddy Little Boy. 19 
 
 When Abercrombie ordered the advance, he 
 took up his position at the saw-mills, a mile in the 
 rear (a post of great danger in case the roof should 
 happen to fall in), where he valiantly remained 
 until a retreat was decided upon, when, with un- 
 paralleled bravery, he gallantly lead the advance 
 toward home. 
 
 The muddy little boy who opened the gate for 
 us was not there at that time. It is to be deeply 
 regretted that such was the case ; for, if he had 
 been, and firmly refused to allow them to enter 
 without a permit from the Pell heirs, thereby com- 
 pelling the brilliant General to take some other 
 road to reach the battle-ground, we would not now 
 be called upon to chronicle the sad event ; but the 
 M. L. B. was not there. There were no reliable 
 guide-books out at the time, and as Baldwin utterly 
 refused to carry the army over for a single cent 
 less than the regular fare, they waded ; and the 
 result should be a warning to any Avho are base 
 enough to insinuate that the hills are not the only 
 steep things on the route. 
 
 We cross the ''old French lines," full of angles, 
 fronted by a deep ditch, and extending through the 
 woods to the water on either side, past two or 
 three redouts, and, where the cars shoot through 
 the hill beneath us, come in sight of the ruins, a 
 quarter of a mile distant. 
 
20 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 What memories cluster around the gray old 
 promontory? What a history is thine, oh, crumb- 
 ling Ticonderoga ? Enough for another chapter ! 
 So, let us hasten to the hotel, down among the 
 locusts, where a good dinner is awaiting, after 
 which w^e can moralize, and paw among the ruins 
 to our heart's content ; but, stop ! Behold a tower- 
 ing form standing, proudly erect, on that pile of 
 stones, and vSnufifing in inspiration by the quart! 
 Baldwin is himself once more! and the very 
 heavens seem to stoop down to listen, to his fare- 
 well flights of fancv. How magnificently he 
 spreads his wings, and soars away from the sor- 
 rowful past into the glorious future, mounting away 
 up, up, among the glittering constellation of stars 
 — and stripes, one and inseparable — of America's 
 coming greatness — at, including the ride, seventy- 
 five cents per head. 
 
 And right here let us pause in our gayety to 
 drop a silent tear for one whose life has been 
 overshadowed by a great earthly affliction. Many 
 anecdotes are told illustrative of his readiness to 
 reply. The only instance on record w^here he 
 failed was on the occasion of General Sherman's 
 passage through the lake in 1871. He had enter- 
 tained the company with his usual historical flights 
 of fancy along the road, and was introduced to the 
 General, by Captain Babbitt as " Captain Baldwin." 
 
A Great Affliction. 21 
 
 As the boat moved away, he proposed three 
 cheers for the " Hero of Atlanta ! " General Sher- 
 man, not to be outdone, stepped out from the com- 
 pany, and said : 
 
 '' Captain Baldwin ! I promote you to Colonel 
 for meritorious conduct on the old battle-ground." 
 
 The great stage man was not prepared for //laf. 
 The unexpected honor was too much for him, and, 
 for the first time in his life (when talking with a 
 man), he failed to get in the last word. The horrid 
 conviction of the fact forced itself upon him when 
 too late, and he stood, gazing helplessly at the 
 departing boat, until his faithful drivers, gathering 
 near, asked, in tones of sweet sympathy, whether 
 he intended to ride back or wade. Then they 
 gently led the stricken man to the waiting stages, 
 and bore him back to his home. Tenderly they 
 put him in his little bed; lovingly they watched 
 over him, while pitying neighbors gathered tear- 
 fully around the sufferer, whose spirit, for many, 
 many days, seemed just hovering between this 
 world and Ticonderoga ; then he was snatched 
 away from the fell destroyer, and once more 
 appeared in the old, familiar places ; but, alas ! he 
 went forth a changed man. He had learned the 
 lesson of life ; and since that fearful day has ceased 
 to be surprised at any thing. Even when he offered 
 President Grant a handful of cio:ars, and he took 
 
22 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 but one, the shock was but momentary, and he soon 
 recovered from its effects. Alas ! No more shall 
 we hear his ringing shout of joy ! but the sad, 
 SAveet smile, that illumines his face, grows more 
 spirituel as the years drag slowly by. Ah ! 
 
 " Few know how great a thing it is to suffer, and be strong ! " 
 
 Soon, very soon, will he be done with his earthly 
 wanderings, and his spirit looks forward with a joy 
 that few can know to the happy moment when, 
 bidding adieu to the well-remembered scenes of 
 his pilgrimage here below, he will brush the clay 
 from off his garments, and, with a new song in his 
 mouth and a punch in his hand, soar away over 
 the Lake George and Ticonderoga Railroad, a 
 blissful, free conductor. 
 
DISCOVERIES. 
 
 A RETROSPECT. 
 
 S the distance to a certain star 
 is ascertained by the science of 
 triangulation — finding its rela- 
 tive position in the heavens as 
 viewed from different places in 
 the earth's orbit, so must we 
 go back a little way and note a 
 few important points in history 
 to enable us understandingly 
 to place in time the history of 
 
 this particular locality. 
 
 In the year one Adam and Eve discovered the 
 
 garden of Eden and began business. 
 
 A few hundred years later Noah built an ark-itec- 
 
 tural craft, and, combining business with pleasure, 
 
 went on a voyage of discovery, being the first man 
 
 of whom we have any record as traveling with a 
 menagerie. He was not very well patronized, 
 however, on account of the Black Crook, which 
 
24 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 was having an unprecedented run at that time ; 
 and although he advertised it extensively for a hun- 
 dred and twenty years, he only got together an 
 audience of seven beside himself, and all dead- 
 heads at that. So one time, when he accidentally 
 got aground, he was discouraged (Barnum wouldn't 
 have been, but he was), gave up the show business, 
 settled on Mount Ararat, and went into the liquor 
 trade. 
 
 .^--^Sr'-^^ The next discovery (let us say 
 
 _ it reverently, for the bright an- 
 .fc gels assisted, and beside it all 
 :g others are as naught) was made 
 by the wise men of the east, who 
 found in a manger a little baby 
 form, within which trembled 
 the sweet spirit of the Savior of mankind. 
 
 Then a thousand years went by, and, tradition 
 says, the northmen came to the shores of the west- 
 ern continent, and sailing as far south as Rhode 
 Island attempted to settle there ; then they drifted 
 back again, and the country was as though it had 
 never been seen. 
 
 In 1492 America was discovered some more by 
 C. Columbus, who attained to considerable local 
 notoriety thereby. All young men should copy 
 after this great and good man — now, alas, deceased 
 — and discover new countries. 
 
Columbus. 25 
 
 It is true, all do not possess the advantages which 
 he did, and cannot expect to do as well ; but all 
 can try. It is a subject to which the author has 
 given considerable, deep, exhaustive study, and, 
 while he venerates the old chap hugely for what he 
 did, justice to another compels him to say that 
 Chris, has been greatly over-honored, and that the 
 actual discoverer of America w^as his mother-in- 
 law. Not that she really saw it ivitJi her ozvn eyeSy 
 
 but histor}^ positively states that she ^'gave him the 
 privilege of examining the charts and journals of 
 her deceased husband," which led to the glorious 
 results above mentioned, and for which she should 
 have the credit. This point seems to have escaped 
 the notice of all other historians. To a reflecting 
 mind it affords food for serious contemplation, con- 
 veying, as it does, a great, double-barreled lesson ; 
 for, while it should induce all young ladies to aim 
 at the honorable distinction of becoming what she 
 Avas — viewing from a distance, which always 
 lends enchantment to the view (of mothers-in-law) 
 — it should teach us the lesson ot greater toleration 
 toward that interesting class. 
 3 
 
26 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 In 1497 John Cabot saw Labrador or the island 
 of '' New-found-land." 
 
 In 1524 Verrazani explored the Atlantic coast 
 from Delaw^are to New Foundland, and gave it the 
 name of "New" France." 
 
 In 1534 James Cartier entered the mouth of the 
 St. Lawrence, and the following year sailed up the 
 river to a larsre Indian settlement, called " Hoche- 
 laga;" but the hotel accommodations being no 
 better, if as good as at present, he returned to 
 France, naming the place Mount Royal — now 
 Montreal. 
 
 In 1607 the first permanent English settlement 
 on the new continent was commenced, the 
 original and only true John Smith assisting, and it 
 was called Jamestown. Smith, who seems to have 
 been quite a tourist in his day, and given to 
 wandering about making discoveries, had, on one 
 of his excursions, a little misunderstanding with a 
 wealthy native land-owner, named Powhattan. Mr. 
 P., being endowed with a large heart and very 
 liberal ideas, and thinking to settle the difficulty in 
 the easiest manner possible, at the same time dis- 
 seminating knowledge by scattering said Smith's 
 well-stored brains, had him placed in the position 
 best adapted to the satisfactory accomplishment of 
 the same. At this very interesting juncture, his 
 daughter, the youthful Pocahontas, cast an implor- 
 
The Pocahontas-Smith Affair. 27 
 
 ing look on her father and her protecting form on 
 Smith. The old gentleman was touched, and con- 
 
 sented to forego his little joke to please the fair 
 girl, who had but just made her debut. Smith re- 
 turned to his home, since which time every body 
 has been naming their children after him as a pro- 
 tection against Indians. Pocahontas ought to have 
 married him to make the romance complete, but 
 she did not. She became the wife of an English 
 gentleman, and, under that severe affliction, joined 
 the church, taking the name of Rebecca. Her 
 descendants are now found among the F. F, V.'s. 
 
 December 21, 1620, the pilgrims were discovered 
 sitting on Plymouth Rock, apparently lost. Winter, 
 which, in that favored locality, commences on the 
 first of August and continues until the latter part 
 of July, had fairly set in, and the rock was very 
 cold ; so they got down and skirmished around for 
 something to eat. Luckily they found a quantity 
 of corn, which Providence, assisted by some of the 
 
28 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 natives, had concealed in the sand near by, and 
 which enabled them to worr}/ through (As a 
 
 proof of Darwinianism, it may be well to state 
 here that they came from the Mdiyflozver, which is 
 going further back than the monkey even, and out- 
 Darwins Darwin himself) They were so exces- 
 sively liberal-minded as to insist on every body else 
 being liberal, also, which occasioned a misunder- 
 standing with one Roger Williams, who promul- 
 gated the pernicious doctrine that the '' civil power 
 had no right to control the religious opinions of 
 men." This was too much bigotry for them to 
 swallow, and they very properly invited him to go. 
 He accepted the invitation, and fenced in a little 
 farm further south, which (Rodge was a plain man, 
 and easily satisfied) has since been known as Rhode 
 Island. 
 
 Eleven years before the pilgrims landed, Henry 
 Hudson, an English captain of a Dutch junk 
 called the " Scmi-luna," discovered and ascended 
 
Champlain's Battle, 1609. 29 
 
 the river that now bears his name ; whereupon 
 En,2^1and laid claim to the country because of his 
 being an Englishman, and the Dutch on the 
 strength of the ship in which he sailed. Between 
 the two it grew to be an English colony, with 
 Dutch inhabitants, who gave its largest tow^i the 
 name of Neiv Avistcrdani ; afterward changed to 
 New York. It still stands. 
 
 The same year a representative of the French 
 nation, Champlain, accompanying a war party of 
 Hurons and Algonquins against the Iroquois, 
 sailed south on the lake which he named after 
 himself, then called by a jaw-breaking Indian title, 
 which, interpreted, means '' the lake that is the 
 gate of the country." We copy his graphic 
 account of the first battle that occurred near this 
 place in which Europeans took a hand : 
 
 " I left the rapids of the river of the Iroquois on 
 the 2d of July, 1609. "^ - ^ On coming within 
 two or three days' journey of the enemy's quar- 
 ters, we traveled only by night and rested by 
 day. ^ * * 
 
 ''At nightfall we embarked in our canoes to con- 
 tinue our journey, and, as we advanced very softly 
 and noiselesslv, we encountered a war party of 
 Iroquois on the 29th of the month, about ten o'clock 
 at night, at the point of a cape which puts into the 
 lake on the west side. They and we began to shout, 
 
30. TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 each seizing his arms. We withdrew toward the 
 water, and the Iroquois repaired on shore and 
 arranged all their canoes, the one beside the other, 
 and began to hew down trees, with villainous axes, 
 which they sometimes got in war, and others of 
 stone, and fortified themselves very securely. 
 
 " Our party, likewise, kept their canoes arranged 
 the one alongside the other, tied to poles so as not 
 to run adrift, in order to fight all together, should 
 need be. We were on the water, about an arrow- 
 shot from their barricades. When they were armed 
 and in order, they sent two canoes from the fleet to 
 know if their enemies wished to fight ; who 
 answered that they ' desired nothing else,' but that 
 just then there was not much light, and we must 
 wait for day to distinguish each other, and that they 
 would give us battle at sunrise. This was agreed 
 to by our party. Meanwhile the whole night was 
 spent in dancing and singing, as well on one side as 
 on the other, mingled with an infinitude of insults 
 and other taunts, such as the little courage they 
 had, how powerless their resistance against their 
 arms, and that when day would break, they should 
 experience this to their ruin. Ours, likewise, did 
 not fail in repartee ; telling them they should wit- 
 ness the effects of arms they had never seen before, 
 and a multitude of other speeches as is usual at a 
 siege of a town. After the one and the other had 
 
Champlain's Battle, 1609. 31 
 
 sung, danced and parliamented enough, day broke. 
 My companions and I Avere always concealed, for 
 fear the enemy should see us, preparing our arms the 
 best we could, being, however, separated, each in 
 one of the canoes. After being equipped with light 
 armor, we took each an arquebus and went ashore. 
 I saw the enemies leave their barricade ; they were 
 about 200 men, of strong and robust appearance, 
 who were coming slowly toward us, with a gravity 
 and assurance which greatly pleased me, led on by 
 three chiefs. Ours were marching in similar order, 
 and told me that those who bore three lofty plumes 
 were the chiefs, and that there were but these three, 
 and they were to be recognized by those plumes 
 which were considerably larger than those of their 
 companions and that I must do all I could to kill 
 them. I promised to do what I could, and that I 
 was very sorry they could not clearly understand 
 me, so as to give them the order and plan of attack- 
 ing their enemies, as we should indubitably defeat 
 them all; but there was no help for that; that I 
 was very glad to encourage them, and to manifest 
 to them my good will when we should be engaged. 
 '' The moment we landed they began to run 
 about two hundred paces toward their enemies, 
 who stood firm, and had not yet perceived my 
 companions, who went into the bush with some 
 savages. Ours commenced calling me in a loud 
 
32 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 voice, and making way for me, opened in two, and 
 placed me at their head, marching about twenty 
 paces in advance until I was within thirty paces 
 of the enemy. 
 
 '* The moment they saw me they halted, gazing 
 at me and I at them. When I saw them preparing 
 to shoot at us I raised my arquebus, and aiming 
 directly at one of the three chiefs, two of them 
 fell to the ground by this shot, and one of their 
 companions received a wound, of which he died 
 afterward. I had put four balls in my arquebus. 
 Ours, in witnessing a shot so favorable to them, set 
 up such tremendous shouts that thunder could not 
 have been heard ; and yet there was no lack of 
 arrows on one side and the other. The Iroquois 
 were greatly astonished, seeing two men killed so 
 instantaneously, notwithstanding they were pro- 
 vided Avith arrow-proof armor w^oven of cotton 
 thread and wood. This frightened them very 
 much. Whilst I was reloading, one of m}^ com- 
 panions in the bush fired a shot which so aston- 
 ished them anew, seeing their chiefs slain, that 
 they lost courage, took to flight and abandoned 
 the field and their fort, hiding themselves in the 
 depths of the forest, whither pursuing them I 
 killed some others. Our savages also killed sev- 
 eral of them, and took ten or twelve prisoners. 
 The rest carried off the wounded. Fifteen or six- 
 
Champlain's Battle, 1609. 33 
 
 teen of ours were wounded by arrows ; they were 
 promptly cured. 
 
 "After having gained the victory they amused 
 themselves plundering Indian corn and meal from 
 the enemy ; also their arms, which they had thrown 
 down in order to run the better. And having 
 feasted, sung and danced, we returned, three hours 
 after, with the prisoners. 
 
 " The place where the battle was fought is 43 
 degrees some minutes latitude, and I named it 
 Lake Champlain." 
 
 It is probable that " the point of a cape which 
 puts into the lake on the west side," was Ticonder- 
 oga, and the place where the battle occurred the 
 flat just north of the old promontory, which is 
 situated about 43 degrees, 35 minutes, N. latitude. 
 
CARILLON. 
 
 lESKAU moved from Fort St. Fred- 
 erick in the summer of 1755 to fortify 
 Ticonderoga, as a protection against 
 Johnson's force, then marching toward 
 Crown Point ; but, hearing that he was 
 then at the head of Lake George with 
 the greater part of his force, leaving Fort Lyman 
 (Edward) in a defenseless condition, the brave old 
 baron, whose motto was '^ valor wins," decided to 
 advance upon it at once. The result of the move- 
 ment is detailed in the account of the battle of 
 Lake George. At that time he commenced a forti- 
 fication, which was completed the ensuing year, 
 and called " Carillon," meaning music, racket, 
 a chime of bells, perhaps suggested b}" the per- 
 petual chiming of the '' sounding waters" near by. 
 The Indian name of Ticonderoga has been vari- 
 ously spelled, owing, probably, to the known diffi- 
 culty of finding just the right letter to express a 
 certain sound in a different tongue from our own. 
 The word seems to mean the meeting of waters, 
 rather than the explanation usually given of '' sound- 
 ing waters," which may have been the name of the 
 falls above, but not of the old promontory, for the 
 
Fort Ticonderoga. 35 
 
 [ndians always gave names that meant something, 
 and had some peculiar fitness to the thing named. 
 Tio-gen meant " the junction of two waters ;" Deca- 
 riade7'oga "the junction of lakes of two different 
 qualities." In Pownell's map, published in London 
 in 1774, it is marked Chconderoga^ and the explana- 
 tion given is "three rivers." Colden, writing in 
 1765, says: " These names, though supposed to be 
 proper names of places, are, really, common names 
 in the Indian language, signifying a river or hill, 
 or fall of water. Thus Tienderoga, though to us 
 the proper name of the fort between Lake George 
 and Lake Champlain, signifies the place zvhcre tzvo 
 rivers meet, and many places are called by that name 
 in the Indian language." 
 
 In 1757 Montcalm went out from the stronghold 
 to the attack of Fort WiUiam, and returned victo- 
 rious, but the leaves in his crown of laurel dripped 
 with the blood of helpless women and children. 
 
 In 1758 General Abercrombie made his unsuc- 
 cessful attack, and the following year Amherst 
 entrenched before the old French Hues, and pre- 
 pared to lay seige to the fort. The French, finding 
 that they could not hope to successfully resist, 
 abandoned the works on the night of the twenty- 
 sixth of July, setting fire to them as they went. 
 The flames soon communicated with the shells and 
 loaded guns, which kept up a continuous discharge 
 
36 
 
 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 for some time ; then the English advanced and took 
 possession, finding- no enemy to resist, save the fire, 
 which was soon extinguished. The French re- 
 treated down the lake, leaving Fort St. Frederick 
 also in possession of the English, who enlarged 
 and strengthened them on a scale of great magnifi- 
 cence, but never a shot or shell sped from the 
 costly embrasures against an advancing enemy ; 
 while time passed, and, touching the massive walls, 
 they, piece by piece, fell away, and for want of an 
 object were never repaired, so that, when the 
 cloud which had so long threatened, burst, and the 
 colonies were at war with the mother country, they 
 scarcely afforded protection for the company of lazy 
 red coats composing the garison at the time. 
 
ETHAN ALLEN. 
 
 HE question as to who originated the 
 idea of capturing Ticonderoga has 
 provoked much discussion, and it is 
 not to be wondered at, if the same 
 thought was suggested to the minds 
 of several at the same time ; but John 
 Brown seems to have been the first to make a 
 movement in that direction. He had passed 
 through the New Hampshire settlements about 
 the beginning of March, 1775, and wrote to 
 Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren at Boston: 
 " One thing I must mention, to be kept as a pro- 
 found secret: The fort at Ticonderoga must be 
 seized as soon as possible, should hostilities be 
 committed by the king's troops ; the people of the 
 New Hampshire grants have engaged to do the 
 business, and in my opinion they are the proper 
 persons for the job." 
 
 The " Green Mountain Boys " were, without 
 doubt, '' the proper persons for the job." Ethan 
 Allen's was the voice that called them together, 
 and to him is due the credit of carrying the design 
 to a successful termination, notwithstanding the 
 views of quite a noted writer on the subject, who 
 divides the honor between him and Benedict 
 4 
 
38 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 Arnold, generously giving the latter the lion's 
 share, as being the ''duly commissioned" officer 
 of the expedition. Arnold luas duly commissioned 
 by the Massachusetts committee of safety to raise 
 men and proceed to take the fort in question, and 
 he conceived the briUiant idea of raising a lot that 
 were gathering around Ethan Allen at Castleton. 
 So, hastening forward alone, he arrived as they 
 were preparing to march, and applied for the 
 command by virtue of his commission, which 
 modest request was not granted. Even after this 
 unjust treatment, with a generosity truly commend- 
 able, he was willing to allow Allen to accompany 
 him as an equal, in consideration of the compara- 
 tively unimportant fact that the men would not go 
 under any other commander. '' By the judicious 
 course of Arnold harmony was restored," and they 
 proceeded on their way, having entered into an 
 arrangement whereby they Avere to hold joint com- 
 mand — a sort of double-headed military monstros- 
 ity — one armed with aiitJwrity^ the other power. 
 To an American, Ethan Allen and Ticonderoga 
 seem as one, and the history of the fort would be 
 incomiplete without that of the Green Mountain 
 leader. He was born in 1738 in Connecticut, re- 
 moving thence at an early age, and settling on the 
 New Hampshire grants. A man of strong, natural 
 endowments, energy and decision of character ; an 
 
Ethan Allen. 39 
 
 unyielding advocate of what he considered right. 
 Beloved by friends and feared by foes he naturally 
 became the leader of the settlers on the western 
 slope, and took a prominent part in resisting the 
 demands of New York, which State, claiming juris- 
 diction to the summit of the Green mountains, 
 ejected settlers who did not receive a title from 
 them, punished those who resisted, and declared 
 Allen an outlaw, with a price set upon his head. 
 At the breaking out of the rebellion he raised a 
 company of men and started to attack the fort, 
 accompanied by Arnold, who was probably endured 
 because of the commission which he held, while his 
 presence made no difference in the movement of the 
 men. From Allen's "Narrative," written in 1779, 
 the following account of the capture is taken : 
 
 " Ever since I arrived at the state of manhood, 
 and acquainted myself w^ith the general history of 
 mankind, I have felt a sincere passion for liberty. 
 The history of nations, doomed to perpetual slavery, 
 in consequence of yielding up to tyrants their natu- 
 ral-born liberties, I read with a sort of philosophical 
 horror; so that the first systematical and bloody 
 attempt at Lexington, to enslave America, thor- 
 oughly electrified my mind, and fully determined 
 me to take part with my country. And, while I 
 was wishing for an opportunity to signalize myself 
 in its behalf, directions were privately sent to me 
 
40 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 from the then colony (now State) of Connecticut, to 
 raise the Green Mountain Boys, and, if possible, to 
 surprise and take the fortress of Ticonderoga. This 
 enterprise I cheerfully undertook ; and, after first 
 guarding all the several passes that led thither, to 
 cut off all intelligence between the garrison and the 
 country, made a forced march from Bennington, 
 and arrived at the lake opposite to Ticonderoga 
 on the evening of the ninth day of May, 1775, with 
 two hundred and thirty valiant Green Mountain 
 Boys ; and it was with the utmost difficulty that I 
 procured boats to cross the lake. However, 1 
 landed eighty-three men near the garrison, and sent 
 the boats back for the rear guard, commanded by 
 Col. Seth Warner ; but the day began to dawn, and 
 I found myself under a necessity to attack the fort, 
 before the rear could cross the lake ; and, as it was 
 viewed hazardous, I harangued the officers and 
 soldiers in the manner following : 
 
 " ' Friends and fellow soldiers, you have, for a 
 number of years past been a scourge and terror 
 to arbitrary power. Your valor has been famed 
 abroad, and acknowledged, as appears by the ad- 
 vice and orders to me from the General Assembly 
 of Connecticut, to surprise and take the garrison 
 now before us. T now propose to advance before 
 you, and in person conduct you through the wicket- 
 gate; for we must this morning either quit our 
 
Ethan Allen. 41 
 
 pretensions to valor, or possess ourselves of this 
 fortress in a few minutes ; and, inasmuch as it is a 
 desperate attempt, which none but the bravest of 
 men dare undertake, I do not urge it on any con- 
 trary to his will. You that will undertake volun- 
 tarily, poise your firelocks.' 
 
 " The men being, at this time, drawn up in three 
 ranks, each poised his firelock. I ordered them to 
 face to the right, and at the head of the center file, 
 marched them immediately to the wicket-gate 
 aforesaid, where I found a sentry posted, who 
 instantly snapped his fusee at me ; I ran immedi- 
 ately toward him, and he retreated through the 
 covered way into the parade within the garrison, 
 gave a halloo, and run under a bomb-proof. My 
 party, who followed me into the fort, I formed on 
 the parade in such a manner as to face the two bar- 
 racks which faced each other. 
 
 '' The garrison being asleep, except the sentries, 
 we gave three huzzas, which greatly surprised 
 them. One of the sentries made a pass at one of 
 my officers with a charged bayonet, and slightly 
 wounded him. My first thought was to kill him 
 wdth my sword ; but in an instant I altered the 
 design and fury of the blow to a slight cut on the 
 side of the head ; upon which he dropped his gun, 
 and asked quarter, which 1 readily granted him, 
 and demanded of him the place where the com- 
 
42 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 manding officer kept ; he shewed me a pair of stairs 
 in the front of a barrack, on the west part of the 
 garrison, which led up a second story in said bar- 
 rack, to which I immediately repaired, and ordered 
 the commander, Capt. De La Place, to come forth 
 instantly, or I would sacrifice the whole garrison ; 
 at which the captain came immediately to the door 
 with his breeches in his hand ; when I ordered him 
 to deliver me the fort instantly; he asked me by 
 what authority 1 demanded it ; I answered him, 
 ^ In the name of the Great Jehovah, and the Conti- 
 nental Congress.'' The authority of the Congress 
 being very little known at that time, he began to 
 speak again ; but I interrupted him, and with my 
 drawn sword over his head, again demanded an 
 immediate surrender of the garrison ; with \vhich 
 he then complied, and ordered his men to be forth- 
 with paraded w^ithout arms, as he had given up 
 the garrison. In the mean time some of my officers 
 had given orders, and in consequence thereof, sun- 
 dry of the barrack doors were beat down, and 
 about one- third of the garrison imprisoned, which 
 consisted of the said commander, a Lieut. Feltham, 
 a conductor of artillery, a gunner, two sergeants, 
 and forty-four rank and file ; about one hundred 
 pieces of cannon, one thirteen inch mortar, and a 
 number of swivels. This surprise was carried into 
 execution in the grey of the morning of the tenth 
 
Ethan Allen. 43 
 
 of May, 1775. The sun seemed to rise that morn- 
 ing with a superior lustre ; and Ticonderoga and 
 its dependencies smiled on its conquerors, who 
 tossed about the flowing bowl, and wished success 
 to Congress, and the liberty and freedom of Amer- 
 ica. Happy it was for me, at that time, that the 
 then future pages of the book of fate, which after- 
 ward unfolded a miserable scene of two years and 
 eight months imprisonment, were hid from my view. 
 "But to return to my narration: Col. Warner, 
 with the rear guard, crossed the lake, and joined 
 me early in the morning, whom I sent off, without 
 loss of time, Vvdth about one hundred men, to take 
 possession of Crown Point, which was garrisoned 
 with a sergeant and twelve men, which he took 
 possession of the same day, as also upwards of one 
 hundred pieces of cannon." 
 
 In September of the same year Allen joined Maj. 
 John Brown in an expedition against Montreal, 
 was captured and sent to England, where the 
 populace looked upon the tall American as a great 
 curiosity ; but the government found that they had 
 drawn an elephant, and did not know how to get 
 rid of him. He clearly deserved hanging, but, 
 unfortunately, the Yankees held too many loyal 
 Englishmen to make it safe to inaugurate such a 
 course of proceedings. 
 
44 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 He was carried about to various places until 
 January, 1777, when he was put aboard an English 
 vessel, and spent most of the time until November 
 sailing up and down the American seaboard, then 
 allowed to go ashore on his parol. While await- 
 ing in New York to be exchanged he was offered a 
 colonel's commission and a large tract of land in 
 either the New Hampshire grants or Connecticut 
 if he would espouse the royal cause and help to 
 subdue the rebels. His characteristic reply was : 
 
 " That, if by faithfulness I had recommended 
 mvself to Gen. Howe, I should be loth, by unfaith- 
 fulness, to lose the General's good opinion ; besides, 
 that I viewed the offer of land to be similar to that 
 which the devil offered Jesus Christ, ' To give him 
 all the kingdoms of the world, if he would fall 
 down and worship him ;' when, at the same time, 
 the damned soul had not one foot of land upon 
 earth." 
 
 In May, 1778, he was exchanged. He visited 
 Washington at Valley Forge ; was received by him 
 with marks of approbation and esteem, and, after 
 offering his further services in behalf of his countr}^ 
 returned to Bennington, where he arrived on the 
 last day of May, with health much impaired by the 
 trials he had undergone, and which, probably, 
 hastened his death, which occurred February 13, 
 1789. 
 
Burgoyne's Expedition. 45 
 
 It is claimed by some that he was engaged in a 
 treasonable movement, the object of which was to 
 attach Vermont to Canada. It is not reasonable to 
 suppose that this man, who, in the darkest days of 
 the rebellion, sick and in prison, refused wealth and 
 a title, would have plotted treason to his country 
 at a time when light was breaking, and the recol- 
 lection of Bennington and Saratoga still fresh in 
 the hearts of the people. Rather let us consider it, 
 what the result seemed to prove, a master stroke 
 of diplomacy, which effectually stopped all military 
 operations of the army under Haldiman, then at 
 Ticonderoga, and for a long time protected the 
 northern frontier from the depredations of the 
 enemy. Then came peace and rest to the soldier, 
 who, had he been less a partizan, might have made 
 fewer enemies, but not what he was, ^^ Ethan Allen, 
 the hero of Ticonderoga, the idol of the Green 
 Mountain men." 
 
 1776 passed quietly at Ticonderoga, with the 
 exception of an alarm caused by the approach of 
 Sir Guy Carleton, who came as far south as Crown 
 Point, and then withdrew into Canada again ; but, 
 with the summer of 1777, came, sweeping from the 
 north, the brave, the accomplished, the conceited 
 Burgoyne, bringing, in his train, 7,500 men, who 
 prepared to attack Ticonderoga. St. Clair, then in 
 command, had barely sufficient troops to man the 
 
46 
 
 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 principal works, let alone the outposts. So, on the 
 approach of the Enghsh, he abandoned his position 
 outside, and retired within the old French lines. 
 Burgoyne advanced and took possession; erected 
 
 MOUNT DEFIANCE 
 
 a battery on the rocky bluff, just north of where 
 the village of Ticonderoga now stands, thereby 
 cutting off all communication with Lake George, 
 and, elated by the advantage gained, called it 
 *' Mount Hope." From this point a brisk cannon- 
 ading was commenced, under cover of which a 
 road was cut to the summit of Sugar Hill, and on 
 the night of the 4th of July several cannon were 
 conveyed to its summit, which they then named 
 " Mount Defiance." When the morning of the 5th 
 
Burgoyne's Expedition. 47 
 
 broke, the garrison of St. Clair beheld, with aston- 
 ishment and dismay, the guns of the English on 
 the top of the mountain, across the valley, scarcely 
 two miles distant, from which they could easily 
 throw shot and shell right down into the midst of 
 the fortification. A council of war was called, and 
 an evacuation decided upon ; but, as every move- 
 ment w^ithin the fort could be distinctly seen from 
 Mount Defiance, the men were not told of the 
 decision of the commandant until after dark. 
 " Then there was hurrying to and fro ;" all that 
 could be removed was taken. Guns that could not 
 be taken were spiked ; and shortly after midnight 
 the stars looked down on a throng moving silently 
 away across the chain-bridge. Then, once more, 
 the grim old fortress was left silent and alone. 
 
 Contrary to express orders, one of the soldiers, 
 on abandoning Mount Independence, set fire to a 
 house, and the light streaming far out, across the 
 water, revealed the retreating Americans to the 
 watchful foe. They hastened their flight, and the 
 greater part, taking the road toward Castleton, 
 were followed and engaged by the English, who 
 complained that " the Green Mountain Boys took 
 nghtr The result was a victory for the English, 
 with a loss of nearly ten to one of the Yankees. 
 ■ The others, retreating up Wood creek to Skeens- 
 boro', were pursued by Burgoyne, who broke 
 
48 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 through the chain bridge and reached the landing 
 nearly as soon as they, capturing most of the 
 stores and ammunition, the men escaping to Fort 
 Ann. 
 
 St. Clair was removed from his command, but 
 at an after-investigation justified and honored for 
 the moral bravery displayed in choosing to sacri- 
 fice his own reputation rather than the lives of his 
 soldiers. Then came the story of 
 
 " The Green Mountaineer — the Stark of Bennington. 
 
 When on that field his band the Hessians fought, 
 Briefly he spokg before the fight began : 
 
 ' Soldiers ! those German gentlemen are bought 
 For four pounds eight and seven pence per man, 
 
 By England's king ; a bargain as is thought. 
 Are we worth more ? Let's prove it now we can ; 
 
 For we must beat them, boys, ere set of sun, 
 Or Mollie Stark's a widow.' It was done.^^ 
 
 Then '' Saratoga," bringing humiliation to the 
 English and joy to the struggling patriots, and the 
 garrison at Ticonderoga dismantling the old fort, 
 retired into Canada. 
 
 It was occupied again in 1780 by the forces 
 under General Haldiman, and was the scene of 
 those bloodless battles of diplomacy where Allen 
 plotted treason with such consummate sagacity 
 that his bitterest enemy could find nothing to jus- 
 tify their suspicions of wrong ; all of which goes 
 to prove him a very subtle villain indeed. Mean- 
 while the enemy of his country rested on their 
 
Peace. 
 
 49 
 
 arms along the northern frontier, " and peace 
 reigned throughout her borders." 
 
 Then once again an enemy attacked the old fort. 
 Coming not with the sound of martial music and 
 the gay trappings of the soldiery, but with ban- 
 ners of trailing cloud and drifting mist, with music 
 of wind and rain and echoing thunder, while 
 frosts rack and tempests beat upon the frowning 
 walls, which crumble and fall away, and nature, 
 reclaiming her own, tenderly covers it over with 
 springing grass and creeping vines, hastening the 
 time when nothing shall remain to tell the story of 
 the past but the sounding name that the Red ^len 
 gave it long ago. 
 
50 
 
 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 cHT^^J^ HE Fort Ticonderoga Hotel was built 
 in 1826 by William F. Pell for a sum- 
 mer residence, and first occupied as 
 a hotel in 1840, when the grounds 
 were thrown open to the public. 
 
 The central portion is two stories 
 high ; the front sustained by massive 
 columns, around which vines cling 
 and climb to the very top. On each 
 side extends long, low wings, with suits of rooms 
 at the extreme ends, which can be entered from the 
 outside or through the glass-enclosed verandah 
 from the main building. The hotel faces the east, 
 is fronted by a tree-covered lawn, through which 
 a plank walk leads down to the steamboat dock, 
 and a road runs through the fields to the depot 
 a little to the north, over which a free carriage 
 conveys guests to and from all trains. The house 
 is open day and night ; the principal business is 
 the dinners, which are first-class, and partaken of by 
 hungry travelers while waiting for the boats ; and, 
 altogether, it is a very enjoyable place, unless it 
 rains, in which case (to use a strong word, and one 
 with a smack of profanity about it, perfectly 
 plain to those who have been thereabouts at such 
 times) it is simply " Ticonderoga." 
 
52 
 
 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 THE liAKKA 
 
 PRESENT STATE OF THE RUINS. 
 
 'ROM the south end of the hotel a path 
 leads across the field, where, at its out- 
 skirts, we climb over the stone wall, 
 and, following along- under the locusts, a 
 little way to the south come to the " old 
 fort well," a never failing spring, the 
 green, slimy home of the frog and the lizard, nearl}" 
 filled with stones and clinging alders. Crossing 
 the road we follow along up the stone fence over 
 the very road pursued by Allen on that May morn- 
 ing nearly a century ago. There is little doubt 
 about it. 
 
 Allen's narrative, the various traditions, and the 
 testimony of Isaac Rice, whose brother was with 
 Allen at the time, establish this fact, as well as that 
 of the place where the commandant slept, and 
 where he stood when the tall Vermonter demanded 
 the surrender. The old soldier, who, himself, per- 
 
The Underground Passsage. 53 
 
 formed garrison duty, under St. Clair, for many 
 years acted as a guide at the ruins, and was buried, 
 at his own request, within the fortress,"^ there to 
 sleep until the great reveille shall sound, and he 
 rises to answer at roll-call, in a world that has no 
 ruins. 
 
 A great pile of stones mark the spot where once 
 existed the entrance to the covered way {protected 
 way would be better understood among unmilitary 
 people, as it protected a person within it from an 
 enemy at the sides only, being open at the top), 
 where the sentry snapped his fusee at Allen. The 
 walls are thirty-three inches apart, and can be 
 easily traced to where they seem to enter the fort 
 at the south-east corner of the parade-ground. The 
 walls of the barrack, on the west, where the com- 
 mandant slept, are still standing ; those on the 
 south are nearly gone, while the cellar only shows 
 where the east line stood. Along the north side is 
 what was probably the bomb-proof, under which 
 the soldier ran when pursued by Allen. The 
 foundation can be traced along the front and across 
 the ends. On the side toward the parade are the 
 remains of four heavy piers or columns of mason 
 work, which supported the roof. Under this men 
 could retire, and, through the embrasures that 
 
 *Cook. 
 
54 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 looked out toward the north, bring guns to bear on 
 an enemy approaching from that direction. 
 
 I am aware that this statement is not in accord- 
 ance with any other given ; but I consider the 
 proof sufficient to carry me out in the assertion. 
 The outHne of all the walls are perfectly plain. 
 The foundation of this one is well preserved ; the 
 corners sharp, and unmistakably made so, as w^ell as 
 the piers built on the inside for the (probable) sup- 
 port of the roof. If this ever had a fourth wall, 
 why should all trace of it be wanting at the present 
 day, when others are so plainly defined ? The fact 
 that the retreating soldier ran into the parade first 
 is presumptive evidence that he had to do so to 
 reach the bomb-proof. Allen says : " My party, 
 who followed me into the fort, I formed, on the 
 parade, in such a manner as to face the two bar- 
 racks, whicJi face each other'' It is evident that 
 Allen meant, by that sentence, to describe the 
 position that his men occupied ; but if the barracks 
 faced each other on the north and south, as well as 
 on the east and Avest, the sentence would be mere 
 foolishness, and express nothing. The idea that 
 there w^ere barracks on the four sides, probably, 
 grew out of the fact that there were four buildings, 
 but two of the four were on the south side, and 
 between them the main entrance to the parade. 
 
The Grenadier Battery. 55 
 
 Let us go to the place where Allen entered, at 
 the south end of the east line of barracks, which is 
 here cut off on a line Avith the parade by a descend- 
 ing alley, looking out toward the old well, and con- 
 tinued in the trench and double line of walls Avhich 
 was the covered way. We wonder at the peculiar 
 shape of the foundation on the extreme point of 
 this corner, like in shape to the head of an Indian 
 arrow, the point extending outward. Half way 
 down to the point of the promontory a rocky ledge 
 crops out. Extending beyond is the remains of an 
 old battery or covered Avay. On the brow of the 
 promontory, commanding the lake for quite a dis- 
 tance, as it circles around, is the grenadier battery, 
 a substantial looking, stone and earth fort, designed 
 for heavy guns, having seven angles, the side front- 
 ing the water curved inward. It is said to have 
 been the one commenced by Baron Dieskau in 
 1755. The chain or floating bridge extended from 
 near the steamboat landing to the point on the 
 opposite shore where you will find, near the foot 
 of the hill, the Avater battery, and, higher up, lines 
 of breastAvorks ; Avhileon the summit is the ruins of 
 Avhat, in '']6, Avas a picket fort, surrounding a square 
 of barracks. Here are the graves of many soldiers, 
 their last resting place marked by little, rough 
 headstones — "nameless, all but one, and that a 
 name unknoAvn." 
 
56 
 
 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 Returning to the old fort, we find at tlie south- 
 west corner, just outside of the barracks, the sur- 
 face broken and thrown up into grassy mounds, 
 
 marking the position 
 of one of the three 
 underground rooms 
 which existed at the 
 time Amherst took 
 possession of the 
 fort; the second is 
 found in a similar 
 condition to the first, 
 a t the north-west 
 corner ; the door and 
 entrance from the 
 cellar of the officers' 
 ([uarters being quite 
 \vell preserved now. 
 Following along the 
 hollow that seems to 
 mark the course of 
 an underground passage to the north-east corner, 
 you stand over the third, which is one of the best 
 preserved portions of the ruins. To enter you 
 climb down into the cellar, now nearh^ filled with 
 broken stones and overrun with vines, and, stoop- 
 ing low, make your way through the opening 
 before you. 
 
 THE BARRACK WINDOW. 
 
The Magazine. 
 
 57 
 
 THE MAGAZINE. 
 
 At one time a man could enter erect, but now 
 stones stop the way, and earth and stones half fill 
 the room beneath. You find it is bomb-proof, 
 about twelve feet wide by thirty long, with arched 
 roof; the entrance at the south-west corner; at 
 the south is a large sky-light; at the east end a 
 small, chimney-like aperture ; at each corner of 
 this end are small circular rooms, with arched 
 roof, one about seven, the other ten, feet in diam- 
 eter. At the Avest end the side wall has fallen in, 
 where, apparently, an underground passage led off 
 toward the room at the west barrack, the indica- 
 tion of which can be traced along the surface. 
 What this was for is a matter of supposition. Some 
 say that this was the bakery, and it is generally 
 
58 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 spoken of as such. But was it necessary to have 
 the bakery so well protected ? Military men gen- 
 erally say that it was the magazine. " You pays 
 3-our money and you takes your choice." 
 
 Come out and stand once more on the rounded 
 top. At our feet is a deep ditch ; in the center, on 
 the north and west, are two high bastions com- 
 manding the approach from these directions ; 
 around them also flows the trench in which troops 
 could be marched and massed at any desired point 
 within the circuit. Outside of the ditch, following 
 its various angles, is the outer wall, once breast 
 high, but now almost level with the plain, and the 
 glacis slopes off toward Champlain on the north, 
 and upward toward the old French lines at the 
 north-west. 
 
 Turning toward the sunrise we look down over 
 the old camp well, the waving locusts and grove, 
 where stands the hotel with its double guard of 
 spectral looking poplars, and the field to the north, 
 which is probably the scene of Champlain 's battle 
 with the Iroquois over two hundred 3'ears ago. 
 
 A long bridge stretches away across the lake, 
 and a huge, Avhite, floating draw swings open and 
 shut as the steamers come and go. Just a little 
 north, on the further shore, is the place where, on 
 the evening of the 9th of May, 1775, the Green 
 Mountain Boys gathered, with eyes set toward the 
 
Ethan Allen. 59 
 
 old fort ; while away beyond, where the mountains 
 slope toward the west, from their blue summit to 
 the water's edge, lies the disputed territory — the 
 New Hampshire grants. 
 
 Turn back a hundred pages in the book of time. 
 It is night — one of those bright, dewy ones that 
 heralds the approach of a day of uncommon love- 
 liness. Knowing all things, we understand the 
 thoughts of those who gather on that further shore, 
 and as the stars, slowly rising above the eastern 
 mountains, proclaim the coming morn, we see the 
 dusky throng come up out of the water, and stand 
 silently on this side. Now a tall form steps out 
 from among the little band; we hear the brief 
 harangue, and see every gun poised in token of 
 their w^illingness to follow where Ethan Allen 
 leads. We follow their stealthy march across the 
 lowland, past the old fort well, and up the path to 
 the wicket-gate. The startled sentry raises his 
 gun at the leader, but no sound follows the motion. 
 Perhaps it was not loaded ; the lazy red coats were 
 not expecting an enemy so soon. Now the attack- 
 ing party follow the retreating soldier through the 
 covered way into the parade, and hastily form in 
 two lines, facing the barracks, which face each 
 other, not ruins now, but grim and stately they 
 stand — east, Avest and south — with a balcony on 
 a line with the second floor, across the front of each. 
 
6o TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 The gray of the May morning is turning into 
 crimson, and the chimney tops are penciled with 
 gold, as the loud huzzas of the Green Mountain 
 men wake the echoes of the old fortress. A sentry 
 makes a pass at one of Allen's officers. Like a 
 gleam of light the sword of the leader describes a 
 circle in the air, and descends on the head of the 
 rash man ; but the fierce flash of anger that gave 
 fury to the blow is tempered with mercy, and 
 turns it aside in its descent. The musket falls to 
 the ground, and the frightened soldier begs for 
 life, which Allen grants, demanding to be shown 
 where the commandant sleeps. He is directed to 
 a stairway that leads up to the gallery of the west 
 line of barracks, and up this he goes, while the' 
 sound of crashing doors break on the ears of the 
 half-awakened garrison. When near the south end 
 of the building he thumps loudly on a door with 
 the hilt of his heavy sword. Captain De La Place 
 appears with astonishment on his face, and his 
 small clothes in his hands, while his young wife 
 stands tremblingly behind him. He has no time 
 to parley, for the giant form of the Yankee leader 
 towers up before him, demanding the surrender by 
 authority higher than he had ever dreamed ; he 
 hasn't even time to find out whether Allen is duly 
 commissioned or not. A man is never wholly a 
 man with his boots off; so what can a poor little 
 
Ethan Allen. 6i 
 
 British officer, with only one garment on, do, but 
 surrender when that great sword is suspended 
 threateningly above his head. The order is given, 
 the garrison parades w^ithout arms, and the rising 
 sun shines on the first English prisoner of the revo- 
 lution. 
 
 But where is that gold-laced, duly commis- 
 sioned brain w^hich contributed so much to the 
 success of the enterprize, " without whom the expe- 
 dition possibly might have failed?" If Arnold 
 entered first, as he claims, why did the sentry at 
 the wicket gate pay that delicate little attention to 
 Allen instead of him ? Bancroft says of Allen : 
 " Placing himself at the head of the center file, 
 Arnold keeping emulously at his side, he marched 
 to the gate." 
 
 In a late work on Lake George the author quotes 
 a part of the above, but in such a manner that the 
 reader is left in doubt, while he rather inclines to 
 the opinion that Alien is the emulous individual 
 referred to. 
 
 Imagine for a moment the stupendous Benedict 
 sweeping majestically onward, with the little Ver- 
 monter trotting emulously along at his side. Ar- 
 nold claims, in his report to the committee on 
 safety, that he was " the first who entered and took 
 possession of the fort ;" probably in the same man- 
 ner that he took command of the men at Castleton, 
 6 
 
62 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 concerning which Bancroft says, when Arnold 
 claimed command by virtue of the commission 
 given him by this same committee, it " was disre- 
 garded, and the men unanimously elected Ethan 
 Allen their chief." 
 
 "Arnold's bravery was never questioned.'* 
 Neither was his assurance ; but the position that 
 he occupied on this occasion seems to have been 
 that of a sort of ornamental figure-head — a mili- 
 tary necessity, in shape of a magnificently gotten 
 up uniform, which would have answered every 
 purpose if the occupant had been dropped out 
 somewhere on the road and lost. 
 
 But, to return once more to the ruins of to-day. 
 We cross the parade, which is about fifty paces 
 long, and twenty-two broad, to the south-west 
 corner ; pass through the alley, out over the fallen 
 bomb-proof room, down into the ditch, and, cross- 
 ing at the left of the west bastion, go up the 
 inclined plane (which was the entrance and sally- 
 port), toward the north, noticing that the walls lap, 
 one past the other, hke those of a snail-shell, the 
 inleading path circhng around until it enters the 
 parade on the south. Beside the natural defenses 
 on this unexposed side a narrow wall was con- 
 sidered sufficient protection. Toward the west the 
 surface of the promontory breaks suddenly away, 
 descending nearly a hundred feet in its slope to the 
 
A Tradition. 63 
 
 water's edge. That ditch, in which stands the 
 great, wavy ehn, is said to have been a covered 
 way to the lake. Alders and thorn-trees grow on 
 the hillside ; the red-plumed sumachs press up the 
 steep, and clinging ivy, mounting upward, where 
 an enemy could not hope to climb, covers the gray 
 rocks with a robe of living green. Across the val- 
 ley is Mount Defiance, sloping gently to the north, 
 up which, on that anniversar}' prospective, many 
 years ago, Burgoyne's men went, dragging the 
 heavy cannon which greeted St. Clair, as he looked 
 toward its summit, the morning after. 
 
 Of the many traditions that cluster around the 
 place we will repeat but one — found in Cook's 
 ^' Ticonderoga," and apparently well authenticated: 
 An Indian girl, of remarkable beauty, was confined 
 in this fortress by one of the French officers. Fright- 
 ened by his coarse attention, her life became a con- 
 tinual torture, and escape at any price was prefer- 
 able to remaining there in his power. Walking, by 
 compulsion, with him one night upon the western 
 wall, preferring death to dishonor, she sprang 
 away, over the giddy parapet, meeting her death 
 upon the rocks below, but with the wild spirit, as 
 it left the mangled, bleeding form, went up a savage 
 cry for vengeance, that descended, swift and sure 
 on the head of him who had driven her across the 
 dark river. 
 
64 TiCONDEROGA. 
 
 Seated here, on the western wall, of a summer 
 afternoon the mind is entranced, and the spirit held 
 captive, by the exquisite beauty of the scene. What 
 harmonious combinations of strength and delicacy 
 in the brilliant, rocky foreground, and dreamy, ten- 
 der distance ; what sparkling bits of light, of broad, 
 sweet shadow, down in the depths of that radiant 
 sea of haze, out of which gleams glittering gems, 
 and bits of fallen sky. The sun, sinking behind the 
 wooded summit of Mount Defiance, pencils long 
 lines of gold through an atmosphere of misty white, 
 tipping the tree tops with light, while the hillside, 
 sloping toward us, is resting all in cool, gray 
 shadow. The river comes Avinding down through 
 reedy flats, and patches of bright and sombre green, 
 under the long bridge, stretching away across to 
 the south, past the belt of graceful elms and clumps 
 of alders that fringe the meadoAv, over which a flock 
 of sheep are wending their slow way homeward, 
 nipping, here and there, a tender bit of grass as 
 they go. 
 
 The trees cast long shadows across the meadow, 
 lengthening out toward us, until overtaken and 
 absorbed by that of the mountain. Slowly the last 
 crirmson ray retreats before the advancing shadows ; 
 slowly it climbs the steep hillside, glorifying the 
 rocks, shining among the thorn-apples, lingering in 
 the masses of dark green, outlining their shadowy 
 
Good Night. 6$ 
 
 forms, with edges of light, rests lovingly upon 
 the sumacs, whose brilliant plumes glow with an 
 added fire, then burning a moment on the grey 
 wall, die out, while the shining bars rise up higher 
 and higher, and streaming away out over our heads 
 across the valley to the east, kiss the summits of 
 the distant mountains good night, and mount 
 upward into the world of light from whence they 
 came. 
 
 As the shadows of night come down over us, 
 the twitter of little birds settling to rest is heard ; 
 the circling night hawk, with his lonesome cry, 
 comes sweeping past ; the voice of the whippoor- 
 will is in the thicket ; the cricket chirps among the 
 stones ; the sound of waves plashing on the beach 
 is borne faintly on the odor-laden air ; a monoto- 
 nous song comes up from the swamp, and the 
 m3^riad voices of a summer night all blend together 
 in inexpressible harmon}^, while one by one the 
 eternal stars come out and look pityingly down 
 on the dim old walls and darkling battlements of 
 Ticonderoga. 
 
iH4Mf lAIl if 14M11I 
 
 ''VERMONT," 
 "ADIRONDACK," - 
 "UNITED STATES," 
 "OAKES AMES," (Ferry) 
 
 Captain WILLIAM H. FLAGG 
 " WM. ANDERSON 
 " GEO. RUSHLOW. 
 " B. J. HOLT. 
 
 Wonday, 
 
 Ttwsdny, - 
 Wcfliu'uday 
 Thiirsdiiy, - 
 Friday, 
 Saturday, ■ 
 
 Monday, 
 
 Tuesday, 
 
 Wednesday, 
 
 Thursday, 
 
 Friday, 
 
 Saturday, 
 
 SUMMER ARRANGEMENT 
 
 BAIT BdA.^® 
 
 NORTH. 
 - ADIRONDACK. 
 
 ZTNITED STATES. 
 
 - VERSION I. 
 
 TIN IT ED STATES. 
 
 - ADIROSDAi K. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 NORTH. 
 YEKMOXT. 
 ADIUOXDACK. 
 AIUKOXDACK. 
 TKHMOXT. 
 VEUMOXT. 
 - Xcne. 
 
 1878. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 VERMONT. 
 ADIRONDACK. 
 ADIROy HACK. 
 VERMONT. 
 VERMONT, 
 ADIRONDACK. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 UXITED STATES. 
 VEKMOXT. 
 UXITEI) STATES. 
 ADIUOXDACK. 
 UXITED STATES. 
 Xone. 
 
 oon^n^zBCTionNTS. 
 
 WHITEHAX.!.,— R. andS. E. K. TICONnEKOGA,— Stages, and Steam- 
 erg through Lake George. BURLINGTON,— Vt. Central R. R. PORT 
 KENT,— Stages for Keeseville and the Adirondacks. PEATTSBUKGH, 
 — N. Y. and Canada R. R. ROUSE'S POINT,— O. & L. C. and Grand 
 Trunk Railroads. 
 
 DAY BOAT — (Gr)iNG South) — Leaves Rouse's Point on the arriviil 
 of train fr)n. Montreal and Ogdensbur<y, 8.15 a, m., breakfast on 
 board; Phittsburgli, (ferry) 8.00 a. m.; Port Kent, 8.45 a. m.; arrive 
 at Biirliniilon, 10.45 a. m.; Ticonderoga, 2.30 p. m.; Whiteliall, 4.45; 
 Saratoga,' (via R. R.) 6.35; Albany, 8.30 p. m.; New York, 6.00 a. m. 
 
 NIGHT BOAT— (Going South)— Leaves Rouse's Point on the arrival 
 of trains from Montreal and Ogdensburg 5.40 p. m., supper on board; 
 l^lattsburgh, 7.45 P. M.; Port Kent, 8.45 p. m.; arrive at Burlington, 
 9.30 p. m.; Ticonderoga, 2.30 A. m.; AYhitehall, 5.45 A. M.; Saratoga, (via 
 K K.) 7.45 A. M ; Albany, 9.45 a. m.; New York, 2.30 p. M. 
 
 DAY l^OAT — (Going North) — Leaves Whitehall on arrival of trains 
 frcMii New York, Troy, Albany .and Saratoga, 10.45 a. m., dine on 
 board, and arrive at Tieonderog-a, 12,45; Burlingtou, 5.00; Port Kent. 
 5 -iO; Plutt>burgh 7 00 Rouse's Point, 9.00; St. Johns, (via R. R.) 10.00; 
 .Montreal, 11.00 P M 
 
 NIGHT BOAT— (Going North)— Leaves Whitehall on arrival of 
 trains from New York, Troy, Albany and Saratoga, 8.20 p. m.; supper 
 on boivrd, and arrive at Ticonderoira, 10.15 p. m.; Burlington, 3.00 a. m.; 
 i'ort Kent, 3.40; Plattsburgh, 5.00; Rouse's Point, 7.00; St. Johns, (via 
 H. R ) 8.30; Mottreal, 10.00; Malone, 10.07; Potsdam, n.35 A. m.; 
 Ogdcnsburg, 12.35 p. m. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Ego ; 3 
 
 " Off for Lake George," 6 
 
 Glen's Falls : 
 
 The village, hotels, falls, caves, etc 9 
 
 On the Plank : Our party 16 
 
 Pond Lillies 20 
 
 The Half-way House 21 
 
 Williams Monument 25 
 
 Bloody Pond 26 
 
 Arrival at the Lake 29 
 
 Lake George : 
 
 Discovery, name, some information, references, etc. 30 
 
 Lo ! the poor Indian 32 
 
 Caldwell, hotels, etc 37 
 
 Crosbyside 41 
 
 Old Fort William Henry •. . . 43 
 
 The Garrison 44 
 
 Fort 'George : An adventure 45 
 
 The Historian Rises to Explain 48 
 
 Topographical 50 
 
 Battle of Lake George 51 
 
 Vaudreuil's expedition 53 
 
 Capture of Fort William Henry 54 
 
 The massacre 55 
 
 Ringing the changes 56 
 
 Steamboats — past and present 57 
 
 Small boats 59 
 
 Fishermen, their terms, information, etc 60 
 
 Game laws 60 
 
 Excursions 61 
 
 Table of distances 62 
 
 Down the Lake : 
 
 Tea Island 64 
 
 Diamond Island 66 
 
68 Contents. 
 
 Down the Lake — (Concluded) : Page, 
 
 The Coolidge House 67 
 
 " Alpha, Delta, Phi " 68 
 
 Kattskill Bay, hotels, etc 69 
 
 Dome Island 70 
 
 Recluse Island 71 
 
 Bolton 73 
 
 The Mohican House 75 
 
 The Bolton House, others 'j'j 
 
 Church of St. Sacrament 79 4|^ 
 
 From Shore to Shore : Shelving Rock 80 
 
 Fourteen Mile Island 81 
 
 Personal 82 
 
 Hen and Chickens,Huckleberry and Refuge Islands, 83 
 
 Shelving Rock Falls 84 
 
 The Narrows 85 
 
 Through the Narrows 86 
 
 Black Mountain, "As You Were Island " Z6 
 
 The Harbor Islands ; Parker's Expedition Zj 
 
 Epicurean 88 
 
 Captain Sam as a Sailor 90 
 
 The Deer's Leap 92 
 
 The Elephant 93 
 
 Hulett's Landing 94 
 
 The Bosom 95 
 
 Sabbath Day Point 96 
 
 Hague loi 
 
 Anthony's Nose , 102 
 
 Rogers' Slide 103 
 
 Prisoners' Isle 104 
 
 " Good bye," 106 
 
 Appendix 107 
 
 The hotels, their situation, attractions, accommo- , 
 
 dations, terms, etc 109 
 
 Steamboats and stages, their officers, fares, time 
 
 tables, etc., for 1873 114 
 
 Probabilities 115 
 
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