INDUSTRIKS 
 
 ■OK- 
 
 COIvUMBUS 
 
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 GEORGIA. 
 
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 OOLDMBUS, GA,: , 
 
 
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 Thos. Gilbert, Pi-inter, Book-Binder, and Paper Box Manufact n-er. 
 
 
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 1887. 
 
 
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Class r^^V 
 
Rankin House, 
 
 COLUMBUS, GA. 
 
 ifnder ]\[eW JVEanageirieiit 
 
 l^he Leading jiotel in the City. 
 
 Remodeled, Refui'nished § Equipped through- 
 out with all Modern Improvements. 
 
 RATES— $2.50, $3.00 and $3.50 per Day. 
 
 G. B. DUY, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 (i) 
 
183S ESTABLISHED 1838 
 
 J. KYIvE & CO. 
 
 JOBBERS OK 
 
 ]N[otioiis aridjiats. 
 
 THE NIANUKACTURE OE 
 
 JKANS PANTS 
 
 A SPKCIALTY! 
 
 Orders Promptly and Carefully Filled. 
 
 1106 & 1108 Broad St., 
 
 Columbus, = = Gkoroia. 
 
--THE- 
 
 INDUSTRIKS 
 
 —OK— 
 
 COLUMBUS 
 
 QEORGIA. 
 
 ^kr^ufadtui'iii^ L(0dk]it3^ kqd 
 9ekltl\ful fikbitktioj 
 
 
 COLUMBUS, GA.: 
 Thos. Gilbert, Printer, Book-Binder, and Paper Box Manufacturer. 
 
 18 8.7. 
 
ooisra?:EnNrTs. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Introductory 7 
 
 The City as it Was and is Now 12 
 
 Echoes from our Mills 14 
 
 Eagle & Phenix Mills 15 
 
 Columbus Bagging Factory 16 
 
 Swi ft Manufacturing Company '. 17 
 
 Columbus Iron Works 18 
 
 Muscogee Mills 19 
 
 The Clegg Mills 21 
 
 Our Rivers 22. 23, 24, 25 
 
 Population, Products and Values of Chattahoochee Valley 26 
 
 Population, Products and Values of Flint River Valley 27 
 
 Georgia Central Railroad System 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 
 
 Georgia Midland and Gulf Railroad 33, 34, 35 
 
 Columbus Markets, Churches 36, 37 
 
 Educational, City Government, City Assets, etc 38, 39, 40 
 
 Electric Lights, Fire Department, Water Works, Bank'gFacilities,etc.41 
 
 Other Enttn-prises, etc 42 
 
 Advertisements of Prominent Business Houses 44 to 80 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 It is only intended to give a brief report of our city in this 
 pamphlet. We wish to induce you to come and see us ; to 
 inspect our advantages, both as to trade, commerce and manu- 
 factories. With a population noted for its culture, enterprise 
 and hospitality ; with railroad, steamboat and agricultural back- 
 ing, we claim to have all that is required to give wealth, health 
 and happiness to man. 
 
 Columbus, Ga.. Oct. 1, 1887. 
 
POST-OFFICE. 
 
 THOMA.S J. WATT, Postmaster. 
 
 John S. Matthews, - - - Assistant, and Registry Clerk. 
 
 Chakles R. Burnham, Mailing Clerk. 
 
 George A. Robinson, - General Delivery and Stamp Clerk. 
 Walter Mimms, - Porter and Special Delivery Messenger. 
 
 FREE DEIilVERY DIVISION. 
 
 JAMES D. SLADE, Superintendent. 
 
 CARRIERS 
 
 W. H. Boynton, W. II. Johnston, A. E. Wilson. 
 The aggregate of mail matter handled for the month of August: 
 
 RECEIVED. 
 
 Letters. Postal Cards. Newspapers, Circulars, &c. 
 
 78,929 26,860 54,585 
 
 MAILED. 
 87,038 23,885 64,940 
 
 The free delivery system was inaugurated July 1st, and is as 
 prompt and efficient as any service in the country. The follow- 
 ing is the report of the Superintendent for the month of Augnist: 
 
 DELIVERED. COLLECTED. 
 
 Ijetters, Postal Cards, Nevvspiipers, &c. [ Letters, Postal Cards, Newspapers, &c, 
 
 24,243 7,440 10,535 I 21,532 5,971 1,324 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 We believe we could not more properly introduce ourselves to 
 you than to do so through the medium of the following chaste 
 address, delivered on the occasion of the meeting, in May, 1887, 
 of the Chattahoochee Valley Convention. The speaker — the 
 Hon, Mr. Samford, from our sister State across the river — has so 
 filicitously acipiitted himself of his duty, we accept his statements 
 as our own : 
 
 Mr, President : — In responding to the welcome that has been 
 so eloquently and cordially tendered to this Convention by the 
 ' Mayor of this City and the distinguished Congressman from this 
 District, I might offer a good excuse for the poverty of my 
 brief remarks, but I have heard, somewhere, that a maker of 
 good excuses is generally good for nothing else. I frankly ad- 
 mit the embarrassment of the novelty of my position is somewhat 
 relieved by a pleasure personal to myself. The Chairman of 
 your Committee, at whose earnest solicitation I unadvisedly, 
 perhaps, accepted this honor, was a comrade of mine during the 
 dark days of war, while one of the honorable gentlemen to whose 
 words of welcome I am replying, was a classmate of mine a few 
 years ago in the stately halls of your own University. On our 
 first acquaintance I took a liking to him, which soon grcAv into 
 esteem, and as years rolled by, ripened on my part into a friend- 
 ship which I shall not be the first to relinquish or forget. But 
 there is another pleasure — a thrill of pleasant emotion is awak- 
 ened by the fact that I stand on Georgia soil. In a county near 
 this spot I was born, and while my boyhood and manhood have 
 been passed in another State, while I love Alabama, her and 
 homes and her people, while the splendid strides she is making 
 towards the proportions of a great State awaken a glow of pride 
 in my breast, and every whirr of her machinery is music to my 
 
INTEODUCTORY. 
 
 ear, and tlie blasts of her furnaces on a thousand hills are roseate 
 hues to my enraptured vision ; still, as I stand on the soil of my 
 native State, there comes unbidden to my lips the exultant clans- 
 man's shout, " My foot is on its native heath, and my name is 
 MacGregor." 
 
 I ask pardon for this slight personal allusion. You are here, 
 o-entlemen of the Convention, not to listen to mere sentiment, but 
 as business men, to consider business projects for practical results. 
 
 The object of this convention is to consider the best mode of 
 opening up to safe and easy navigation the Chattahoochee and its 
 tributaries. 
 
 A philosophical consideration of the rivers of this Continent 
 Avill lead the reflecting mind to a recognition of the wisdom of 
 that Providence that gave these good gifts to man. They are 
 the drainage-ways of the land, thereby fertilizing the soil and 
 looming up the harvests of the thrifty husbandman. They induce 
 the early and the latter rains, and bring the abundance of the ' 
 golden fields. And then they furnish, free, the natural highways 
 to bear the pi'oductions of the farm and the loom to distant 
 markets. To the accomplishment of these wise ends, they are 
 located at convenient distances throughout the land. A¥ith almost 
 matliematical regularity Ave find them situated wherever they can 
 be useful to man, leaving skepticism lost in a maze to account for 
 them on anv other hypothesis than that the hand that fashioned 
 them is divine. But just now, they rise up for the accomplish- 
 ment of a purpose of great utility to this country. The increas- 
 ing productions of the farm and iactory have induced the build- 
 ing of artificial highways of commerce that were ordered to aid 
 the government in providing for the interests of the people. But 
 these great railway corporations, grown rich and powerful by the 
 colossal fortunes tliey have amassed, have become dangerous to 
 the interests of individuals and connnunitics, and hence the gov- 
 ernment has been forced to grap})le with the transportation prob- 
 lem, and attempt a solution by legal enactments. I shall not stop 
 to discuss the wisdom of the recent interstate commerce law. Its 
 administration lias been confided to men who Avill not betray the 
 o;reat trust confided to them. ]iut 1 venture the assertion that 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 the location of the navigable streams of this country will be 
 found, in the last analysis of this great i|uestion, the grand con- 
 servative factor in solving the transportation problem. Look at 
 the map and you will find in the States of South Carolina, Geor- 
 gia, Florida, Alabama and i\ii3sissippi, more than twenty navigable 
 streams, situated almost e.pii-distant from one another. Each of 
 these Providential highways will be a check, if properly opened 
 up to navigation, upon the greed and rapacity of artificial high- 
 ways. 
 
 Another fact I have heard, which your superior information 
 will contradict or verify, there is not in the United States, a 
 single city located off of navigable water that has reached 100,000 
 population. This emphasizes the value to commerce of water 
 transportation. 
 
 But you are not here to talk of water-ways generally. You 
 are interested in the Chattahoochee, the Flint and the Apalachicola. 
 What of them ? 
 
 I speak from a general knowledge when I say there are about 
 thirty counties bordering on these streams, going no higher up 
 the Chattahoochee than this city. 
 
 These counties embrace an area about ten times as large as 
 some of the States of this Union. Again, the value of the 
 farms and live stock of these counties is at least $20,000,000, 
 and when you add the value of the cities and towns, and the 
 splendid factories of this Lowell of the South, the aggregate 
 goes up to near $40,000,000. The annual products of these 
 farms and looms and foundries is at least $30,000,000. The 
 annual cotton crop numbers nearly a half million bales. And in 
 these counties alone, more than 800,000 active working citizens 
 of this government are striving for honest bread. Tliink of these 
 figures, and remember they will be doubled when you take in the 
 territory adjoining the bordering coun*.ies that is also largely iiuer- 
 ested in the navigation of these streams. Present these facts and 
 figures to the able Senators and Representatives from Georgia, 
 iVlabama and Florida, and they will see to it that you are not 
 neglected. 
 
 I have lived thirty miles from this river, in one of the grooving 
 
10 INTr.ODUCTORY. 
 
 cities of Alabama. That city has grown in spite of the harsh 
 exactions and grinding processes of a relentless railroad policy. 
 If this river shall be made safe and regular in its transportation 
 we are sufficiently near to reap the great benefit of the low rates 
 of river traffic. And so it is with wide scopes of country on 
 both sides of the stream. 
 
 Gentlemen, it would be unpardonable for me to detain you 
 much longer. You have great interests involved in tlie enterpi-ise 
 you have undertaken, and I doubt not the wisdom and foresight 
 and energy of tiiis Convention will be e<j^ual to the task. 
 
 As to the power of the General Government to open up to 
 navigation the water-ways of the country, I shall not now stop to 
 discuss. I question the claim that Congress gets this power from 
 the "General Welfare" clause. That is the most abused of all 
 the clauses of that sacred instrument. It is stretched to cover a 
 multitude of sins. If the latitudinarians are correct in their con- 
 struction, that Congress has the power to do anything which, in 
 its discretion, provides for the general welfare, then it is simply 
 a waste of ink and paper to have another word in the Constitution 
 other than that clause. No, I would rather look for the authoiity, 
 as the honorable President of this Convention said a few minutes 
 ago, on the jvuijdiction of Congress over the regulation of inter- 
 state commerce. But it would be inappropiiate in responding to 
 this welcome, for me to be groping among dry Constitutional 
 enigmas, hunting for an honor that no one questions intlie practi- 
 cal statesmanship of this day. It is not now an open question, 
 and no time c;ni be more propitious for urging this great work on 
 the attention of Congress than now. The Federal Treasury is 
 literally oversowing with revenue. Statosman;^hip fatigues itself 
 to find proper objects on which to expend tlie public money. It 
 seems to be o.ie of the strange impossibilities to lessen the col- 
 lection of tiixation that is not needed. The money keeps on 
 increasing in the Treasury, and tlien, tlie South is just now c.ial- 
 leno-inoi; the attention of the country to her wonderful and limitless 
 resources, and in the mind and hearts of Northern statesmen there 
 is beginning to be a recognition of the justice of the demands of 
 the South. Yes, the demands of the Old South, for I am not 
 
INTRODUCTORY. U 
 
 one of that school that on all occasions canonizes the New South 
 at tiie expense of the Old. I am proud of the ancestry that gave 
 the Old South such a splendid name in the history of this country, 
 and the evidences of strength and progress that she is now dis- 
 closing is the natural outgrowth of the grand old principles of an 
 old-time honesty, honor and integrity implanted by the noble men 
 and women of the Old South. From their brain and hearts was 
 wrought out the civilization which to-day constitutes the glorious 
 heritage we enjoy. The New South 1 honor is the Old South 
 developing- There are in process of development three great 
 civilizations, forming on this Continent the Eastern, Western and 
 Southern. The first embraces New England audits dependencies. 
 The Western lies North and West of St. Louis, and with covet- 
 ous eyes on the Canadian provinces, is flaunting itself around the 
 great lakes. While South of a line extending from Baltimore, 
 by St. Louis, to the Pacific, sweeping down the Cordilleras and 
 Andes, around Cape Plorn, embracing the great Gulf and the 
 Caribbean Sea, lies the seat of the grandest empire of wealth, 
 commerce, and civilization the world ever saw. With the eye of 
 prophecy behold here the New South, robed in the fabulous 
 splendors of Oriental magnificence, going down to the seas with 
 the incalculable treasures of her mountains at her back, and tlie 
 golden harvests of her deltas. She has cast away her robe of 
 mourning, and g03s down to the seas with shouting more glorious 
 than the Greek hero's war song or the Persge of iEschylus be- 
 fore the victory of Salamis. On to the Gulf, will be the rallying 
 cry of commerce for the future. In that splendid sea Avill ren- 
 dezvous the merchant marine of the world. Their white wings 
 will bring the good ships from all nations, and freighted with rich 
 cargoes of commerce they will go to the North, and East, and 
 West, and South, and to the isles of the sea. 
 
12 
 
 bird's eye view of COLUMBUS. 
 
 BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF COLUMBUS. 
 
 THE CITY AS IT WAS AND AS IT IS NOW. 
 
 Old Ways and Old Notions Give Place to the Age of Progress — Annual Re- 
 view of the City's Business — Facts About Our Finances — Magnificent 
 Wealth in Water Power — OtJier Interests of the City Presented. 
 In 1827 thu site of Columbus was a dense, unbroken, lowland forest. 
 Where some of onr finest buildin;,rs now stand was at that time marshes 
 and ponds, from wliieh many of those who are now residents have often 
 angled the trout and perch. From one block north of where the Perry- 
 House now stands, all south and east was a muddy swamp, filled with 
 briers and vines, and small undergrowth among the larger Irces, so that 
 in many places it was difficult to get through. Between Oglethorpe 
 street and the river the land was gfnerally high and dry, interspersed 
 \\ith pretty groves of fine shade trees, but east of that street was wet 
 swamp land. Wliere the court house stands was a large pond, and not 
 long since we heaid an old resident say that he has seen the water there 
 almost sufficiently deep to swim a horse. The place was laid out as a 
 trading town in 1827. and an act of the Legislature provided for the 
 appointment by the Governor of five commissioners to select the most 
 eligible site and appropriate an oblong square of 1,200 acres for the town 
 and commons, which was to be called and known by the name of Colum- 
 bus. Tiiey were to lay out not less than 500 building lots of half an acre 
 each, and to make a reservation of ten aci'es for the public buildings of 
 the county of Muscogee. 
 
 At tliat time there were but few comfortable house.s, there being a few 
 log houses, some board houses or tents, and a few Indian huts. This, in 
 brief, is how the Queen City of the Chattahoochee had its origin. 
 
 the COLUMBUS OF TO-DAY 
 
 is very diffeient from what it was in tliose early days. The locality is 
 almost an unbroken level, and the wide streets, elegant residences and 
 magnificent business houses have given her the title of the "Queen City 
 of the Chattahoochee," and her cott(m mills and other manufacturing in- 
 terests justly eutith' her to the proud distinction of the ''Lowell of the 
 South.'' The principal part of the business is done on Broad street, 
 though some of our laigist l)visincss houses are on other streets. The 
 residences are to he found on every street in the city. The residences 
 also stretch out to the north and east, climbing the ascent and reaching 
 far away into the country. There are no narrow streets to interrupt the 
 view or check the breezes as they arc wafted to the city. In the trcction 
 of tlie buildings the i)lans have originated from no set architectural 
 fashion. There are stately liomes whioh stand back iVom the streets 
 with imposing columns ; elegant jialaces with marble stairs and carved 
 architraves; more modem, but yet equally elegant cottages, with man- 
 
bird's eye view of COLUMBUS. 13 
 
 sard roofs and cosy grounds ; the good old-fashioned Southern residence, 
 with its airy rooms and marvelous verandahs, and hundrerls of designs in 
 little, well-kept cottages, where the sweat of toil is cooled and the aching 
 muscle calmed in repose. These homes, with their wealth of shruhbery, 
 flowers and luxuriant shade, furnish the eye with an almost endless pan- 
 orama of beauty. It is not surprising that the Columbus of to-day has 
 been christened the "Queen of the Chattahoochee." 
 
 THK POPULATION 
 
 of Columbus are the people who came here with a fixed purpose, and not 
 as an experiment. No city in America can boast more law-abiding and 
 honorable inhabitants. They work, and expect a living by the sweat of 
 the brow. Men do not get so rich that they retire on a competency. 
 The drones must get out of the way or be run over. It is this that gives 
 us one of the liveliest and most progressive cities in the Soutli. No 
 enumei'ation has been taken since 1880. but there has been an increase of 
 at least 20 per cent, since that time. On the first day of October, 1886, 
 we estimate that the number of people living within a radius of one mile 
 of the court house, and who trade in the city and carry on business here, 
 to be between 24,000 and 25,000, and this population is constantly increas- 
 ing. Every new enterprise, every new railroad, every new industry, im- 
 l^lies an increase to our population. Our new industries and railroads 
 are springing up so rapidly that it is not only possible, but probable, that 
 the United States census for 1890 will give Columbus between 30.000 and 
 40,000 inhabitants, perhaps neai'er the latter figure than the former. 
 With an 
 
 INCREASE OP NEW ENTERPRISES 
 
 and population, there comes also an increase of wealth. Some of the 
 costliest and tastiest houses in the South are being built in Columbus by 
 citizens of the town. Some of the finest equipages in all the land are to 
 be seen traveling our streets. With this increase of wealth and luxury, 
 however, there has been no development of shoddy elements among them. 
 The increase of wealth has been normally slow, and has been marked by 
 a corresponding degree of culture. The society of Columbus is at once 
 its piide and its fame. In it character, intellect, merit and wealth are 
 prismatically blended. It ostracises no man without cause, and admits 
 no man without merit. What it cannot assimilate it ejects ; and yet no 
 man or woman has ever suftered unjustly at its hands. 
 
 THE HISTORIC ASSOCIATIONS 
 
 that cling about Columbus, like the scent of roses to a shattered vase, are 
 many and interesting. About the city are the battle ground of the 
 Indian and Confederate wars, to both of which Columbus contributed 
 her quota of heroes and blood. Some of our unassuming families bear 
 the names and inherit the blood of the greatest statesmen the new world 
 has ju-odnced. Citizens yet living in our midst have been honored with 
 the highest offices the commonwealth of Georgia could bestow. Taken 
 
14 
 
 ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS, 
 
 all in all, there is nothing — neither prestige, commerce, associations or 
 advantages of society, education and politics — in which Columbus is not 
 the equal of any city in Georgia. Her adopted citizens love her as a 
 bride, like tlie natives do as a mother, and each one is ever alert to defend 
 her fame and interests. In the unwritten and undeveloped future there 
 is not a prospect more radiant with promise than the prospect that hangs 
 over Columbus. And it only rests with us, her citizens, as to whether or 
 not this i^rospect and hope shall become a glad fruition and a lasting 
 reality. 
 
 ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS. 
 
 SOME OF THE LARGEST MANUFACTORIES IN THE SOUTH, 
 
 Georgia Lends the South and Columbus Leads Oeorgia — Short History of 
 the fjargest Textile .Wannfnctoyy in the Southern States — Other Textile 
 Institutions trJiich Set as Coronets in Columhus'' Crown — Industries in 
 Other Lines inhieh Add a Full Share to the Success of the City. 
 
 Columbus has long since been specially noted as a manufacturing town. 
 It has l)een thought by many tliat our cotton factories alone give the city 
 this distinction. This is not tlie case, though cotton manufactuiing is 
 the principxl industry, as a careful perusal of this paper will demnustrate. 
 It will also show beyond all controversy that the industries of tlie city 
 are as diversified as those of any city in the Southern States. Columbus 
 has the largest iron foundry in tlie South. Here we have as complete a 
 fertilizer factory as can be found anywhere. Our oil mills are equal to 
 any. More enterprising institutions tlian scores of otliers ai'e not to be 
 found anywhere. 
 
 A round of the cotton factories of the city by an Enquiker-Sun repre- 
 sentative shows an eminently satisfactory condition of the labor which 
 these mills liave to do. The cotton mills of every city employ tlie larger 
 proportion of its factory labor. A Hour mill, witii $100,000 capital, will 
 employ twenty or twenty-five hands, an iron foundry double as many, 
 while a cotton mill of tliat capital would give employment to 250 or IIOO. 
 All the mills are running full time, and are selling all the goods they can 
 make. The labor generally is at present in better condition than at any 
 time heretofore in the city, and better than that of any other manufac- 
 turing city in all the country. The basis of this is tlie high maximum of 
 wages paid, the high rate of health and morals, the home surioundiiigs 
 and personal apjiearance of the operatives. 
 
 In the pages following will be found more particular mention of some of 
 the leading institutions of the city. 
 
ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS. 15 
 
 EAGLE AND PHENIX MILLS. 
 
 The Largest Textile Mamifaeturing Company in the South — Something 
 About Its Organization and Its Present Work. 
 
 The cut of this leading industry of our city, which is given elsewhere, 
 fails to represent the magnitude of their work, many of the important 
 buildings being hid from view, and others built subsequent to its execu- 
 tion. Tliis company was organized in 1866, almost immediately succeed- 
 hig the war, the first mill being built on the ruins of the Eagle Manufac- 
 turing Company, destroyed by the torch of the Federal troops. The 
 long period of profitable manufacturing by the Eagle Manufacturing 
 Company established the fact that textile manufacturing in the South 
 was not only a business to be sought as a meaus of profitable investment, 
 but a most important factor in promoting the general prosperity of the 
 communities where established. 
 
 The Eagle and Phenix Manufacturing Company, rising, phoenix like, 
 from the ashes of its predecessor, has continued to grow in magnitude 
 and importance, covering now seven acres of ground within its walls. 
 
 ITS MANUFACTURES 
 
 embrace nearly one hundred different styles of goods, the quality and 
 saleal)leness of which are not surpassed by the longest established mills 
 of the East and North. 
 
 THEIR TRADE 
 
 embraces every Soutliern State, and includes the great Northwest and 
 California, while many of their fabrics are sold direct to the merchants 
 of New York. One of the mqst promising features of an increasing trade 
 is found in tlie constantly growing demand by the West for their manu- 
 factures. Tliat section of our country, teeming with its millions of 
 people, buys with such avidity their goods that it has been impossible to 
 supply tlie demand from tliat section. 
 
 THE INCREASE OF POPULATION 
 
 by these immense works is estimated at fully 10,C00 per.sons. of which 
 about 6.000 are dependent for their living through employment furnished 
 them and heads of families ; besides which it has influenced merchants, 
 bankers, professional and other business men, and all classes of artisans 
 and mechanics, to locate in our midst. The trade of the city is immeas- 
 urably benefited by the necessarily large amount of wages distributed by 
 such extensive works, and hardly an individual, from the mechanic to the 
 banker, through all giades of business, but feel the beneficent effects of 
 the largest manufacturing company South located in our midst. 
 
 ITS ANNUAL PRODUCT, 
 
 varying from $1,590,000 to $1,750,000, and according to market prices, is 
 returned to circulate among our people. 
 
 THE SAVINGS DEPARTMENT , 
 
 of this institution is a notable feature. The unequalled security offered 
 
16 
 
 ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS. 
 
 depositors, and its proper management, has rendered it a complete 
 success. 
 
 It has attracted the attention of far distant communities, the deposits 
 being represented by seventeen States and Territories. The depositors 
 compose all classes, the thrifty negro, the sensible and careful among our 
 operators, mechanics and laborers, trust moneys and the capitalist. It is 
 an educator of economy and thrift in our midst. 
 
 THE RAW MATERIAL 
 
 wrought into marketable fabrics is equal to 15,000 commercial bales of 
 cotton and several hundred thousand pounds of wool. Those manufac- 
 tures are planned with regard to the demands of the trade over three- 
 fourths of the Union, and executed with such perfection that no mills 
 making the same class of goods can claim a superiority of manufacture. 
 The mills contain 45.646 spindles and 1,531 looms. It was found neces- 
 sary, to meet the existing demand for their popular goods, to order addi- 
 tional looms, which will soon be in position. 
 
 In the year 18R6 tlie presideut of this company, Mr. W. H. Young, 
 stood on the spot where these mills are now located and expressed the 
 opinion that it was the proper place to locate a manufacturing company. 
 Subsequently, in 1849, he organized- and operated the Eagle Manufac- 
 turing Company, and was a principal and active organizer of the Eagle 
 and Phenix Mills. 
 
 THE ONLY ONE IN GEOR«IA. 
 
 A Peep at the Columbus Bagging Factori/, which Shows Up a Large and 
 Prosperous Institution . 
 
 Columbus has the honor of having the only bagging factory in the 
 State. Besides being the only one in tlie State, it is the largest institu- 
 tion of the kind in the South. Tlie members of the firm, Messrs. Hinde, 
 Freer & Ulges, are among the best business men of the city, and are 
 making a great success of the business. The factory has been in opera- 
 tion here about eight years, and has been paying well from the start. 
 The capital used is $75,000, all of it being their own. The mill has eight 
 looms, and daily converts 6,000 pounds of jute into 3,000 yards of bag- 
 ging. These goods find I'e idy sale in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and 
 other States in the cotton belt, and the factory here finds no trouble in 
 competing with Noithern prices. 
 
 The factory employs on an average about sixty-five hands, most of 
 whom are females. They work ten hours a day. and are paid well. The 
 firm furnislu'S bagging for thousands and thousands of bales of cotton 
 which find their way into this market. The enterprising members of the 
 firm do all that is possible to accommodate their patrons, and the -success 
 with \j'hich they have met is a monument to their integrity and enter- 
 prise. The history of this I'actory proves that manufacturing of this kind 
 
ECHOES FROM OUU MILLS. 17 
 
 can be profitably done in the South ; and moreover, it proves the eminent 
 fitness of Columbus as a manuCacturing point. We take just pride in 
 our bagging factory, and wish there were a hundred other factories as 
 well and successfully conducted as this one. 
 
 SWIFT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 An Illustration of what Pluck, Energy and Brains can Accomplish — One of 
 the Successes of the Sout/i. 
 
 Consiiicuous among the manufacturing institutions of Columbus — 
 indeed, we may say of the South — is that of the Swift Manufacturing 
 Company, which sprang into active existence a number of years ago. No 
 institution of the kind over opened its doors to the world under brighter 
 or better auspices, and in the entire history of Southern cotton mills there 
 can be found not one that has risen more rapidly into prominence and 
 high standing in the mercantile world. The monumental success of the 
 mills is no source of wonder to those who know the men who are the 
 leading spirits in the enterprise. Mr. W. A. Swift, its president, is a 
 man whose business vocabulary contains no such humiliating word as 
 fail. To him this word is a stranger. Nature and study have endowed 
 him with every qualification which characterizes a proficient business 
 man. In Mr. G. M. Williams, the secretary and treasurer, he has an able 
 second. He is a man with brain power enough to propel any business 
 enterprise which he undertakes, and the marks of his skill and experience 
 are everywhere perceivable about the mills. 
 
 To give an idea of the magnitude and extent of their trade, we mention 
 that it requires 22y-horse power to drive their spindles, and over a thou- 
 sand mouths are fed by their weekly pay-roll. They manufacture 
 checks, ijlaids and cottonades of every description. The quality of these 
 goods is well known to the trade, and no words of commendation which 
 we may say will enhance their well-deserved reputation. They make 
 also, the celebrated and beautiful Micheline Bedspreads in the richest and 
 loveliest designs. The company has sold enormous quantities of these 
 spreads in all parts of the country, and on every one of them is imprinted 
 the stamp of excellence and beauty. 
 
 They are also manufacturing many elegant novelties in window cur- 
 tains. The designs in these goods are very rich, and the colors are fast 
 and do not fade. 
 
 The immense ti-ade which is carried on by this company is a fitting 
 tribute to the worth of the gentlemen who have the factory in charge. 
 We feel safe in predicting for them a bright and unclouded future. The 
 Swift Manufacturing Company is a luminous gem in Columbus' coronet 
 of jewels. 
 
18 
 
 ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS. 
 
 COLUMBUS IRON WORKS. 
 
 One of the Jewels of Columbus — The Largest and Most Successful Establish- 
 ments of the Kind in the Country — What it is Doing for Itself and for 
 Columbus. 
 
 It lias been said of Columbus that she makes a great deal of noise about 
 the jewels which adorn the coronet of her aggressive enterprise, and those 
 which are constantly being added to this circlet of her glory and never- 
 sated ambition. Tliis may be very true in one sense of the word, but 
 any city in America should be proud to boast of such an enterprise and 
 such a jewel as the 
 
 COLUMBUS IRON WORKS. 
 
 Time and again have we written that "Columbus has the largest Iron 
 Works south of Richmond," and while we were able to say this eight 
 years ago, these works have since reached such proportions that they to- 
 day lead all the South in their particular line. The history of the Colum- 
 bus Iron Works is thoroughly identified with progress and success; nor 
 could it be otherwise than successful under its able management. Mr. 
 W. R. Brown, the President, is one of Columbus' most substantial and 
 solid business men, and the other Directors or stockholders are also 
 among the best citizens of Columbus. 
 
 Tlie Enquirer-Sun representative went through the establishment a few 
 days ago, and found over 200 hands engaged in working in the iron, steel 
 and wood. The pay roll amounts each week to over $2,000, thus giving 
 support to about 1,300 people. Of this number of machinists there are 
 about 175 wlio are in ttie iron department, while about sixty are engaged 
 in the wood department, or the department of builders' supplies. 
 
 WHAT THEY MANUFACTURE 
 
 Would be a long and tedious tale, and would take whole volumes in folio 
 to enumerate. Almost anything in the world that is made of iron would 
 come nearer answering the question. They own the Southern Plow Com- 
 pany, and their manufactures find their way to all the States in the South 
 and West. The imi)roved machinery used enables the firm to turn out 
 work so rapidly that the great expense of labor is saved, and a corres- 
 ponding benefit can be derived by all who patronize them. The quantity 
 of work done is equal to that done anywhere, and their expensive and 
 
 IMPROVED MACHINERY, 
 
 and experienced and competent workmen, enable them to turn out a 
 better class of work than is done in a majority of the Southern planing 
 mills. Rival establishments cannot compete successfully with their 
 improved and expensive machinery. This institution allows no trouble or 
 expense to interfere with their upward strides af progress. They 
 believe in 
 
 LIGHT RATHER THAN DARKNESS, 
 
 and are agents for the United States Lighting Company. The Iron 
 
' ECHOKS FROM OUR MILLS. 19 
 
 Works have one of their incandescent plants of one hundred lights in 
 their establishment, and are prepared to furnish estimates. There is no 
 safer firm to deal with in the Union. In making 
 
 A PRACTICAL APPLICATION, 
 
 one cannot fail to observe the great amount of good that is done the coun- 
 try by this grand establishment, and many will coincide with us that the 
 institution is a necessity. We do not refer to the hundreds to whom it 
 gives steady employment with remunerative wages, nor to tlie thousands 
 who are sujiportcd thereby, but to tlie fact that it so cheapens labor that 
 the improved implements and substantial and ornamental house material 
 is placed within the reach of all. Their machinery is of such a character 
 that the work of days on the old plan is now but the work uf a few 
 minutes. They furnish such articles as are in demand all over the coun- 
 try, and furnish them at such low figures that it is really cheaper to buy 
 a house of them ready made than to make it yourself and count the labor 
 as nothing. The Columbus Iron Works is a great institution, and we are 
 proud to class it among the gems of Columbus. 
 
 THE MU8C0GEE MILLS. 
 
 An Excellent Reputation Honestly Eiirned and Well Deserved — Facts About 
 the Institution — The Men who Manage It. 
 
 Among the many manufacturing exterprises that have risen in Colum- 
 bus, great and small, no industrial establishment has achieved larger 
 success lor the capital invested than the Muscogee Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, whose mills are situated at the head of the rock dam, near the 
 upper bridge. Many handsome improvements have been recently made, 
 and a large amount of first-class machinery added. The productive 
 capacity of tlipse mills may be briefiy summed up as follows : Looms, 
 258; spindles, 6,000; cotton consumed per week, 40 bales, and 13,000 
 yards of cloth per day, containing 35,280,000 yards of thread. The num- 
 ber of operatives employed is about 400. The goods produced are cotton- 
 ades, checks, stripes, plaids, rope, etc. The goods turned out are 
 universally popular, and find large sales in every section of the Union. 
 But they are better known throughout the Southern States, with Louis- 
 ville, New Oileans and St. Louis as the principal markets. 
 
 The decided success of the Company is largely due to the ability and 
 experience of the otiicers. Col. Geo. P. Swift, its President, has had a 
 life-long manufacturing experience, and his executive ability and general 
 alertness for the interests of the stockholders, have been of vast service 
 to the corporation. Mr. W. A. Swift, Secretary and Treasurer, is known 
 far and wide as a business man whose tact and energy are invaluable to 
 any enterprise that may be lucky enough to secure his services. Mr. 
 William Parker, the able and eflicient Superintendent of the Muscogee 
 Mills, is an element in the prosperity of the Company that could not be 
 
20 
 
 ECHOES FROM OUK MILLS. 
 
 dispensed witli. His argus eyes watch every move and turn and change. 
 The interests of the Company will never suffer in his hands. Mr. Louis 
 M. Lyn(!h, the salesman of the Muscogee Manufacturing Company, is a 
 man that the entire Company have learned to look upon as a sine qua noti. 
 His tact, suavity and steam-like energy have been worth many thousands 
 of dollars to the Company. 
 
 The Muscogee Mills certainly make a most gratifying showing, an 
 fairly illustrate the manufacturing spirit of Colunilius. The mills i. 
 enclosed in magnificent structures of brick. The buildings are la;, 
 well ventilated and lighted, and the operatives are well paid, healthy ^ 1 
 cheerful. This enterprise, taken in its concavity and convexity, all in . 
 is a benefit to Columbus and the State of Georgia, and an honor to ^I.j 
 South, whose enterprise it so well illustates. In all its dealings with it^s^ 
 many thousands of customers, no breath, either of suspicion or complaint, 
 have ever been breathed against it. It is an institution upon which people 
 rely with limitless confidence, like Englishmen do on the Fank of Eng- 
 land, It has honestly earned, and it deserves its reputation. 
 
 Factories and Cotton. 
 
 Every one knows that our cotton factories are huge institutions, but 
 there are few outside of those directly interested, who are aware of what 
 it takes in the way of motive power to turnover 20,000 looms and 60 003 
 spindles. It requires eigliteen wheels with 3,088 horse-jwwer, besides 
 four steam engines with 345 horse-power, and eleven boilers with 975 
 horse-power. The bands on the wheels go at the lightning speed of about 
 a mile a minute, but in order to drive them at this rate for eleven hours a 
 day, it takes 38,000 pound of coal per day, besider the water-power used 
 by the eighteen wheels. Daring the day there are 266,000 pounds of 
 water converted into steam. 
 
 Speaking of the factories reminds us that cotton is a great thing, but 
 the process of converting a bale of cotton into a square inch or so of 
 domestic is a very simple one, and amazingly easy and rapid. As in so 
 many other cases, the first step is half the journey. The person who, 
 with bent and aching back and cramped fingers, pulls the fleecy locks 
 from the burr on the stalk, expends more effort and consumes more physi- 
 cal tissue than does any other one of the small army of individuals 
 through whose hands, or under whose eyes, it passes on its way to the 
 counter and into your possession. Once in the picker's bag, human 
 fingers are well nigh done with it. From the gin to the loom it knows 
 no touch softer than steel, and is torn and stretched and carded and beaten 
 and ]n-essed and pulled and twisted and reeled and banged and washed 
 and starched and stretched and brushed and baked and lanned and wound 
 and unwound and measured and rolled and stamped and pressed and 
 baled and worried and hauled about after a fashion tliat falls to the lot of 
 perhaps no other material or element under the sun. And yet all this 
 
ECHOES FROM OUR MILLS. 21 
 
 process is, as said, an amazingly easy and rapid one, when you are prop- 
 erly prepared to undertake it. When it is given to a factory like thoserof 
 ours, who have all the latest and most improved machineiy, it is a matter 
 of course, and of very few minutes. 
 
 THE CLEGG MILLS. 
 
 ^ ' Institution that Banks Among the Healthiest in the State — So7ne of the 
 
 ^ Particulars Concerning It. 
 
 , -Che reporter's veins always thrill with pleasure when he begins to write 
 about the institutions and industries which make Columbus what she is. 
 He loves to linger over them caressingly, and finally, to bring them into 
 prominence before the people, well knowing that the highest terms of 
 praise he can bestow, is no more than they merit. .Just now our attention 
 is turned to Clegg's Manufacturing Company, an extended notice of 
 which appears elsewhere in these pages. While this factory is com- 
 paratively a small one, there is none in the Soutli that is in a healthier 
 condition, or which manufactures a better quality of goods. In fact, the 
 product of their looms is a marvel of beauty and excellence, and the demand 
 for them is so great that it is impossible, with the present capacity, to 
 keep it supplied. So fiattciing is the outlook for the future of the mills 
 that capitalists are eager in their overtures to form a joint stock company, 
 knowing that their money could not be more judiciously invested. 
 
 Mr. Clegg is one of the best mill men in the South. One has only to 
 go through the establishment and examine the fruits of its looms to find 
 this out. He has had many years' experience in the manufacturing busi- 
 ness, and is a live, progressive man, who keeps fully abreast with the 
 times. The mills are equipped with all the latest and most approved 
 improvements in machinery. The factory building itself is new and 
 attractive in ai)pearance, and is very desirably located near the depot, on 
 Second avenue. 
 
 Among the products of the mills are the magnificent Micheline bed- 
 spreads, which are in such huge demand just now. Eiglit looms are con- 
 stantly engaged in the exclusive manufacture of these goods, which are 
 turned out in every conceivable variety. They have four looms which 
 make exclusively rare arul fancy designs in Turkish tosvels. 
 
 The quality of the checks manufactured by these mills are noted from 
 the mountains to the seaboard for tlieir supei;iority aud beauty. The 
 retail dealers throughout the country can find no better place to buy 
 everything they need in this line. 
 
 The live and progressive spirit of enterprise which has characterized 
 the history of this factory in the past foreshadows for it an intensely 
 brilliant future. Time will add to its magnificence and enhance its 
 already spotless reputation. 
 
 (2) 
 
22 OUR RIVERS. 
 
 OUR RIYERS. 
 
 For a full and complete analysis of our shipping by water, we 
 submit the re})ort of our Board of Trade at their annual meeting 
 in May, 1887, during the session of the Chattahoochee Valley 
 Improvement Convention : 
 
 Tbe census ol 1880 gives for the counties bordering on Flint 
 
 river, as valuation of real and personal property $17,461,898 
 
 On Cliattalioocbee river 3^,815,482 
 
 On Apalachicola river 2,356,101 
 
 $53,633,481 
 
 And a total yearly taxation of Flint river counties $ 156,016 
 
 Chattahoocliee river counties 271,573 
 
 Apalachicola river counties 40,994 
 
 $ 468,583 
 We do not ask our Government to make for us a navigable 
 stream to connect our cities of Georgia and Alabama with the 
 Florida railroads and our natural port of entry on the Gulf 
 (Apalachicola), but desire to show our rivers in boating order 
 through all the year, with only the difficulties of low water and 
 shifting sand-l)ars to impede navigation; and proofs that what little 
 work has been done by the Engineer Corps of the United States 
 Army has beeir well done, considering the small amount of 
 appropriations applied, and has effected great results toward 
 rendering less difficult the navigation of these three important 
 streams. 
 
 The Chattahoochee, the dividing line between Georgia and 
 Alabama, with a navigable length of 223^ miles; the Flint, with 
 a length of 261 miles; and the Apalachicola, 137 miles, have 
 shown each year a prompt return in the increase of commerce as 
 the work of improvement went on; and what has been done in 
 the y)ast is but a slight indication of what will be the result 
 when, with navigation unimpeded, and schedules of our boats as 
 reliable as they will be, the country bordering our streams 
 settled with an industrious population, and all our country receiv- 
 ing the full benefit of these water-ways so favorabh' placed for 
 our use and benefit. In order to prove the good work already 
 done l)y the United States Engineer Corps, we offer the follow- 
 ing tables taken from the Chief Engineer's report for 1886, show- 
 ing the condition of named })oints at the time work was begun, 
 as contrasted with the present time: 
 
OUR RIVERS. 
 
 23 
 
 FLINT RIVER. 
 
 Name of Place, 
 
 Lambert's Island. . 
 
 Bob's Rock 
 
 Broadax Rock. . . . 
 Bryant's Rock . . . . 
 Three Rock Reach 
 Winding Shoals. . . 
 
 Buck Shoals 
 
 Newton 
 
 Luckie's Island. . . 
 
 Present 
 Width. 
 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 
 And this im})rovenient has been effected at an expense of 
 $94,919.87 to the ])resent time, and an estimated expense of 
 $83,000 more will carry out the original plan of improvement and 
 give uninterrupted navigation between Montezuma, Ga., and the 
 mouth of the river. Is not this a matter woth}^ of consideration 
 by all the cities and citizens on that stream? Albany and Mon- 
 tezuma need competing lines; can a railroad be built for that 
 amount? And bear in mind a river puts you in communication 
 with and offers you the advantage of each railroad that crosses 
 or approaches any of our three rivers. 
 
 To show the marked improvement to the navigation of the 
 Chattahoochee river we show from the Engineer's report of 1886 
 as follows; 
 
 Name of Place. 
 
 Original 
 Depth. 
 
 Present Original Present 
 Depth. Width. ; Width. 
 
 Abercrombie's Bar H feet 
 
 Woolfolk's Bar ; l| feet 
 
 Upatoie 3 feet 
 
 Little Uchee Shoals I 2 feet 
 
 Middle Rock Shoals ] 1^ feet 
 
 Cody's Rocks 1 1 foot 
 
 CulpepiJer's Island j 2 feet 
 
 Hardridge's Slioal 2 feet 
 
 4 feet 
 
 4 feet 
 
 4 jfeet 
 
 4 feet 
 
 4 feet 
 
 4 feet 
 
 4 f-et 
 
 4 feet 
 
 35!) feet 
 500 feet 
 300 feet 
 
 29 feet 
 
 30 feet 
 40 feet 
 
 400 feet 
 35 feet 
 
 150 feet 
 150 feet 
 150 feet 
 65 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 100 feet 
 
 This great improvement has been effected at a cost to the 
 present time of $188,857.40, and that its benefit has been great, 
 the increase of our river business proves. Our boats, of no less 
 draught than those of former years, run with almost railroad 
 regularity, and schedule time has been adopted by all, lower 
 freights have been charged, and all our country around us has 
 felt the benefits of it. 
 
 The amount required for completion of existing proj(!ct is 
 $I()9, 228.69. Is it worth it? Let our showing of increasing- 
 business, as work progresses prove ; we do not believe our Gov- 
 
24 
 
 OtJR RIVERS. 
 
 eminent is inditt'erent to us and to our interests-, proper efforts 
 will attain for us the recognition and aid given toother sections; 
 our want of success in securing increased appropriations will be 
 due to our lack of united eifort, and will be simply a reproach to 
 us. Our statistics have shown the total amounts of business for 
 the three rivers, and as each has been equally benefitted by the 
 work done, each is equally entitled to their share of the increase. 
 
 Rivers' business for 1879 $ 2,760,000 
 
 ISSO 4^08,000 
 
 1S81 5,787,140 
 
 1882 11,460,084 
 
 188S 10,563,434 
 
 1884 11,140,587 
 
 1885 11,485,659 
 
 1886 12,232,412 
 
 The receipts of cotton at Columbus, Ga., from the rivers are as 
 
 follows: 
 
 Cotton received in 1867 3,0&0 
 
 1869 5,204 
 
 1871 7,485 
 
 1874 8.415 
 
 1876 15,044 
 
 l88^) 19,292 
 
 1881 26,392 
 
 1883 23,220 
 
 Thus showing a rapid increase as the work of improvement 
 progressed. Since 1881 our local receipts of cotton by the river 
 have fallen oif, due solely to the fact that the better condition of 
 our rivers enabled railroad points l)elow to offer competing rates 
 to eastern points, and while our receipts declined, the benefit 
 accrued to our planters below, who took advantage of lower rates 
 to ship their cotton direct. 
 
 During the years 1885-86 competition on our rivers was at its 
 highest point, Florida railroads gave us by this means an 
 extremely low rate of freight from northern ports, and much profit 
 resulted to our merchants from this fact. 
 
 The following rate was oftered and was used, taking effect in 
 May, 1886: 
 
 "Florida Railroad and Navigation Company and Mallory 
 Steamship Company, from New York to all Chattahoochee river 
 landings. Class 1, 45c.; class 2, 41c.; class 3, 33c.; class 4, 2Tc.; 
 class 5, 21c,; class 6, 18c." 
 
 Great reductions were made by our local railroads to meet this 
 competition, and the gain was direct and very large to all who 
 shipped by either route during that time. This marked reduction 
 of through rates we can reasonably claim was made possiljle by 
 the improved condition of our rivers, which allowed our boats to 
 
OUR RIVERS. 25 
 
 run with regularity in connection with these foreign railroads. 
 
 INSURANCE RATES CHEAPENED. 
 
 As to the effect of improvement upon the rate of insurance on 
 our rivers, we have the authority of one of our ablest insurance 
 agents in saying the rate in 18(55 was H per cent, and is now ^ 
 of 1 per cent., and as the improvement of the rivers has progressed 
 the rate has steadily declined, retarded only by ocqasional acci- 
 dents of a serious nature to the boats, and that at present a risk 
 on our river is taken at the prevailing rate with as much eager- 
 ness as one for a similar amount would be taken on real estate. 
 
 The country to he benefited by this improvement is large. 
 "With an e.xtent of 62 H miles, our rivers pass through the best 
 farming lands in Georgia, Alabama and Florida, and as yet but 
 sparsely settled. Give them speedy and certain communication 
 by water with our larger cities and their productiveness would 
 be greatly increased and the benefit be felt by all three states. 
 We have compiled from the United States census of 1880 a table 
 of values and population, and in our rapidly growing country thev 
 but feebly represent the present condition. 
 
 OUR RIVER VALLEYS. 
 
 , The tables on the following pages show the population, pro- 
 ducts, and values of our river valleys; 
 
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28 
 
 GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 
 
 The foreg'oing tables show the values, extent and population of 
 the counties lyin.a- directly on. and dependent upon, our three 
 streams for commercial use. Were we to include those other 
 counties lying- adjacent to, but yet depending on them for the 
 shipment of their products and supplies, the totals would be 
 greatly inci-eased. 
 
 Office of IT. S. Local Inspector op Steam Vessels, ) 
 Apalachicola, Fla., January 31, 1887. ) 
 
 The number of steamers inspected and licenses to masters, mates, pilots 
 and enijineers during the year endincr December 31, 1872 : 
 
 1872 — Steamers inspected, 10; net tonnatre, $1,609.88; masters license, 
 13; mates license, 5; pilots, first-class, 12; i:)ilot,s, second and special, 3; 
 en<Tineers. chief and first, 12, en<jineers, second and special, 4. 
 
 Tlie number of steamers inspected and licenses to masters, mates, 
 pilots and engineers durinj^ the year ending December 31, 1886: 
 
 1886 — Steamers inspected, 45; net tonnage $3,002.47; masters license, 
 75; mates license, 12; pilots, first-class, 32; pilots, second and special, 17' 
 engineers, chief and first, 58; engineers, second and special, 43. 
 
 GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 
 
 THE NET WORK OF RAILWAYS THAT SPAN THE STATE. 
 
 Origia, Oroicth and AcMevements of tJie Central Railroad — Its Past, Pres- 
 ent and Future — The Pioneer in Ruiliciy Transj)ortation in Georgia — 
 The Men Who are at the Head of the System. 
 
 The transportation lines of a State are the arteries through which its 
 life blood courses. 
 
 In this city, when our railroad prospects are so flattering, it is not only 
 w(mderfnl and instructive, but it is also amusing to look back to the time 
 when the jjeople were disposed to look with doubt upon these great 
 agents of civilization, and were afraid tliey would destroy the trade of 
 Colundms. It was always a superstition with thn people of olden time 
 that evejy new invention or idea had its origin with the devil, and people 
 who had the courage to push forward such new ideas and inventions were 
 l)ei"secuted as witches, or persons of unclean spiiits possessed of devils. 
 Tliis was no more fallacious than tlie idea that took pos.session of tlie 
 retail merchants of Columbus when they bent their energies to defeat the 
 Ihst railroad scheme, for fear it would destroy their trade. The old 
 superstition of the Chinese, who were afraid to offend the spirits of wind 
 
GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 29 
 
 and water by building a railroad, was not more ridiculous than the fear 
 of some of the early Columbusites, that the building of a railr(»ad from 
 here to Macon would take away their wagon trade, which was then the 
 only boast of the town. 
 
 Georgia's material civilization 
 has been more developed by railroads than by any other influence. 
 Among the pioneer railroads the Central stands first, and it is largely due 
 to the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia that Columbus 
 is to-day one of the most flourishing cities in the South. Instead of tak- 
 ing from Columbus her retail trade, the Central railroad has enabled 
 Columbus to become the great manufacturing centre that it is. It has 
 given her prominence over other places to which she never could have 
 attained with the miles of iron track, reaching out like so many arteries 
 from the heart over which course the pulses of trade as measured by the 
 country. With only river advantages tliis could not have been accom- 
 plished. 
 
 a short history op the central 
 will not be out of place in this review of our city's prosperity, and it will 
 be read with interest. The Central railroad proper was the fust road 
 built in Georgia. In 1872 the Central Railroad Company was formed 
 by the consolidation of the Central railroad, chartered in 1835 and com- 
 pleted in 1843, and the Macon and Western, chartered in 1833 and com- 
 pleted in 184(5. The Milledgeville branch, originally the Milledgeville 
 and Gordon railroad, was chartered in 1837 and opened in 1852. Of this 
 system the line first built was from Savannah to Macon, a distance of 191 
 miles. Colonel Cruger made the experimental survey as far back as 1834. 
 the exi)ense being bom by the city of Savannah. The Company organized 
 in 1835, and the work actually began in 1836. At this time the railroad 
 excitement in Macon and Savannah was at fever heat. In a short time 
 over one million dollars were subscribed in Savannah to the line between 
 that city and Macon, and Macon took several hundred sliares. The line 
 from Macon to Forsyth, known as the Monroe railroad, also claimed its 
 share of public attention, and in a few days a subscription was raised in 
 Macon to the amount of $200,000. When the intelligence of the passage 
 of the Central railroad bill was received Macon was stirred from centre to 
 circumference. There was a grand public demonstration. The public 
 buildings and private residences were illuminated, bonfires were kindled, 
 the church and steamboat bells rang out their clanging music, and the 
 thunders of cannon shook the very earth. The Monroe line, under the 
 management of President L. L. Griffin, was rapidly pushing forward, and 
 its charter was amended «o as to extend it to the banks of the Chattahoo- 
 chee. The first train on this road ran from Macon to Forsyth on the 10th 
 of December, 1838. The event was commemorated at a public dinner in 
 the fiillowing toast: "The Monroe Railroad — The first finished link in the 
 great chain that will connect the western with the Atlantic waters. To 
 its opponents we would say, are we not all Georgians'?" 
 
30 
 
 GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 
 
 The enthusiasm aroused by the completion of this link was so great 
 
 that contracts were soon made for its extension to Atlanta. 
 
 THE FIRST TRAIN FROM SAVANNAH. 
 
 On the 1st of August, 1843, the first passenger train from Savannah 
 reached Macon, stopping at McCall's mill, two and a half miles from the 
 city. On tlie 13tli of October a grand festival took place in celebration 
 of the enterprise. The Central was then famous, and was known for 
 years afterwards as the longest railroad in the world built and owned by 
 a single company. Honors were heaped upon the surviving originators 
 of the project, and the master spii-it of the enterprise, Mr, William W. 
 Gordon, was hailed as the greatest public benefactor of his generation. 
 In 1845 the bankruptcy of the Monroe road, then completed from Macon 
 to Jonesboi'O, necessitated its sale. It was knocked down to Mr. Jere. 
 Cowles, representing a Nortliern party, for $155,100, which, when certain 
 liens were jjaid off, enabled the creditors to realize $205,100 for a property 
 costing over $2,000,000. In October, 1846, the road was completed to 
 Atlanta, where the event was celebrated by a big mass meeting. 
 
 GROWTH OP THE CENTRAL. 
 
 The Central has always been exceptionally fortunate in its managers. 
 Looming up all through its history like a statue of granite stands Colonel 
 Wililam M. Wadley, a veritable railroad Bismarck. Colonel Wadley 
 entered tlie service of the road in an humble capacity, but his restless 
 activity, energy and foresight soon brouglit him to the front, and from 
 his assumption of tlie duties of tlie presidency to the day of his deatli he 
 directed the destinies of his great system with wonderful prescience and 
 unerring judgment. He was elected president .Tune 1. 1S()8. and was 
 re-elected at eacli succeedinu' annual eleection until his deatli. which 
 occurred in August, 1882. Undc^r his able administration gradually the 
 Central grew into a magnificent system concentrating sonie of the strong- 
 est lines of the State, stretchinti' beyond its borders, linking Savannah 
 with the yreat seaports of the Nortli by a splendid line of ocean steam- 
 ers, and holding in its grasji Chai leston and the great marts (jf AlaV)ama, 
 Mississippi and the West. 
 
 THE SYSTEM PROPER. 
 
 The total Central system proper is 1,643 miles long, divided as follows: 
 
 Miles. 
 
 From Savannah to Macon 192 
 
 Macon to Atlanta 104 
 
 Milledgeville to Gordon 17 
 
 Columbus and Western 80 
 
 Columbus and Rome 50 
 
 Augusta and Savannah 53 
 
 Eatonton brand) 22 
 
 Southwestern and branches 321 
 
 Montgomery and Eufaula 80 
 
 Mobile and Girard 85 
 
 Port Hoyal and Augusta 245 
 
 Upson Cininty 16 
 
 Savannah and North Alabama 60 
 
 Ocean Steamship 250 
 
 Making total 1,643 
 
GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 31 
 
 THE central's INTEREST. 
 
 The Central owns jointly with the Georgia railroad the Western rail- 
 road of Alabama from West Point to Selma, 138 miles. The Georgia's 
 half interest is included in the lease, and is turned over to the lessees. 
 In the lease of the Georgia railroad the Central owns a one-half interest 
 in the net results. This lease interest embraces the Georgia and 
 its brandies, 307 miles; a one-half interest in the Western railroad of Ala- 
 bama; a one-fifth interest in the Port Royal railroad, 112 miles; a five- 
 eighths interest in the Rome railroad, 20 miles, and $440,800 in stock and 
 $140,900 in certificates of indebtedness of the Atlanta and West Point 
 railroad, 87 miles, equal to a one-third interest. 
 
 In addition to the interest carried in the Port Royal railroad by the 
 Georgia raili'oad lease, the Central owns $900,000 of the Port Royal income 
 bonds and $50,000 of the stock of the Company. This is equal to an own- 
 ership of three-fifths of the road. 
 
 OFFICERS, 
 
 E, P. Alexander, President Savannah, Ga. 
 
 H, B, HoUins, First Vice-President New York, N. Y, 
 
 E. E. Denniston, Second Vi(!e-President Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 William Rogers, Assistant to President Savannah, Ga. 
 
 M. S. Belknap, General Manager Savannali, Ga. 
 
 W. F. Sliellman, Traffic Manager Savannali, Ga, 
 
 G A. Whitehead, Gen-ral Freight and Passenger Agent. .Savannah, Ga, 
 
 E. T. C'harlton, General Freight and Passenger Agent Augusta, Ga. 
 
 Central Railroad Bank, Treasurer Savannali, Ga, 
 
 Edward ^Iclntyre. Comptroller Savannah, Ga, 
 
 F. n. Thomjisou, Auditor of Disbursements Savannah, Ga. 
 
 J, G. Robinson. Audilor of Receipts .Savannah, Ga. 
 
 R. E. i\Iimms, Pay Master Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Lawton tt Cunningham, General Counsel Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Levi Hcgc, Superintendent Main Stem Division Savannah, Ga. 
 
 T. D. Kline, Supei'intendc nt Sauth western Division Macon, Ga. 
 
 W. W. Starr, Superintendent South Carolina Division Augusta, Ga, 
 
 W, H. iMcClintock, Superintendent Columbus and Western 
 
 Division Columbus, Ga. 
 
 C. H. Carson, General Store Keeper Savannah, Ga. 
 
 COLUMBUS AND WESTERN. 
 
 One of the Acenues icMch will Latd to the Further GrowtJi of Golwnbus. 
 
 The Columbus and Western Railroad has been purchased by the Cen- 
 tral, and formally deeded several years ago. It is at present eighty-nine 
 miles in length, and extends from Columbus to Goodwater. Ala, This 
 road is now being extended from Goodwater to Birmingham, Ala., and 
 when completed, will form a connection with the Birmingham, Memphis 
 and Atlantic Railway, thus making the shortest line from Kansas City to 
 New York, It will connect us with all the great markets of the North- 
 west on a direct line, 
 
 THE CONNECTION BEYOND. 
 
 A bit of very interesting information, furnished us by Capt. Raoul a 
 
32 GEORGIA CENTRAL SYSTEM. 
 
 few weeks ago, was that the entire line from Kansas City to New York 
 via Memphis, Birmingham, Columbus and Savannah, will be under the 
 exclusive management of only two roads — the Kansas City, Springfield 
 and Memphis, and the Central of Georgia. The i-oad between Birming- 
 ham and Memphis is called the Birmingham, Memphis and Atlantic, but 
 the ownership is in the Kansas City, Springfield and Memphis road. We 
 have the authority of Capt. Raoul that this is the first time anything 
 tangible has been presented to the Central so far as securing connections 
 north of Birmingliam is concerned. 
 
 THE SHORTEST TO NEW YORK. 
 
 The extension of the Columbus and Western, and the new line between 
 Birmingliam and Memphis, gives the shortest line that can be had between 
 Kansas City and New York. The beauty of it is that Columbus is on the 
 direct line, and a rule placed on the ma]) will show tliis city to be almost 
 on an air line between Kansas City and Savannah, wliere the line counects 
 with the Ocean Steamship Company for New York. The distance is: 
 
 From Kansas City to Memphis 487 miles 
 
 From Mempliis to Birmingham . . 250 miles 
 
 From Birmingham to Columbus. KiO miles 
 
 From Columbus to Savannah 300 miles 
 
 Making length of railroad 1,197 miles 
 
 To tliis add SHO miles, the prorating distance between Savannali and 
 New York, and you have the freight and passenger distance between 
 Kansas City and New York, which is 1,447, or add 7.10 miles, tlie actual 
 distance from Savannah to New York, and it gives the distance from 
 Kansas City to New York, which is 1,947 miles. 
 
 THE ADVANTAGES. 
 
 of this new line will be of untold benefit to Columbus. Aside from 
 placing us on the shortest line between Kansas City and New York, it 
 gives us a straiglit shoot to all the markets of the Norttiwest, and puts us 
 in direct connection with tiie greatest coal and iron fields of the South. 
 That the road will be built is as absolutely certain as anything not a 
 reality can be. 
 
 MOBILE AND (URARD. 
 
 Leased to the Central for a Period of Ninety- Wine Years. 
 The Mobile and Girard Railroad is one of the most important tribu- 
 taries to the trade of Columbus. It is embraced in the Central system, 
 and only a few weeks ago was leased to tlie Central for a period of ninety- 
 nine years. Tliis road extends frt)m Columbus to Troy, Ala., a distance 
 of 8.") miles, and in as good condition as any road in the country. The 
 Mobile and Girard has been under the control of tlie Central for a number 
 of years, and while this has been the case, the people of Columbus have 
 much cause for congratulation in the liberal policy adopted. Since the 
 road has been leased there is none other than the highest commendation 
 
GEORGIA MIDLAND AND GULF. 33 
 
 for the course pursued, as it is believed that it will be for the best interest 
 of the stockholders, the Central Railroad, Columbus and all concerned. 
 There is a clause in the lease which gives the Central authority to extend 
 it, if so desired, and as a commercial move it will be to the interest of the 
 Central to extend it. Whether or not this will be done remains to be 
 developed. 
 
 COLUMBUS AND ROME. 
 
 A Narrow Gauge Into the Mountains of MeriwetJier. 
 This line is a narrow gauge, and extends from Columbus to Greenville, 
 in Meriwether county. The road was originally contemplated to be built 
 to Rome, Ga., a distance of 125 miles. The road is now operated to 
 Greenville, and brings more cotton to Columbus annually than any of the 
 other roads. It was asserted some time ago tliat this road would be ex- 
 tended to Atlanta, but if such a thing was ever contemplated it seems to 
 have been abandoned. And this will, no doubt, be conceded a good 
 thing for Columljus, as well as a wise one for the Central Railroad, as all 
 the cotton in the sections of country contiguous to the line now finds its 
 way to tliis market, and aids materially in swelling our receipts. The 
 road is in splendid condition, and the amount of business done over it is 
 enormous. It is an exceedingly popular road, is run under the right kind 
 of management, and is a blessing to Columbus. 
 
 GEORGIA MIDLAND AND GULF. 
 
 A MONUMENT TO THE PLUCK AND ENTERPRISE OF COLUMBUS. 
 
 Great Things Promised for Georgia in this New Railroad — Population, and 
 Production of the Counties Contiguous to the Road — History of the Road 
 and Its Contemjilated Connections. 
 
 For several months past Columbus' business men have been all aglow 
 with satisfaction over the fact that the Georgia Midland and Gulf Rail- 
 road has become an assured reality. While many men have done nobly 
 in support of this great scheme, there is one man to whom Columbus 
 owes a debt which may be paid in gratitude, but cannot easily be esti- 
 mated in dollars and cents, for the consummation of this gigantic enter- 
 prise. This man is G. Gunby Joidan, president of the Georgia Midland 
 Construction Company, and by common consent the head and heart and 
 energy of the entire undertaking. 
 
 THE GEORGIA MIDLAND AND GULF 
 
 has been built by the Georgia Midland Construction Company, which is 
 chartered from the State of Georgia, and has an authorized capital of 
 $1,000,000. 
 
34 GEOllGIA MIDLAND AND GULF. 
 
 The construction company was organized especially for the construc- 
 tion of this railroad, and is managed by the following officers : 
 
 G. Gunby Jordan, President Columbus, Ga. 
 
 J. E. Grauniss, Vice-President New York. 
 
 M. E. Gray, Treasurer Columbus, Ga. 
 
 W. S. Greene Chief Engineer 
 
 The Georgia Midland and Gulf Railroad officers are r 
 
 Seaton Grantiund, President Griffin, Ga. 
 
 John F. Flournoy, Vice-President Columbus, Ga. 
 
 Charles L. Davis, Treasurer. Warm Springs, Ga. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Dr. N. J. Bu.'sey Columbus, Ga. 
 
 John F. Flournoy Cohimbus, Ga. 
 
 Charles L. Davis Warm Springs, Ga. 
 
 Seaton Grantland Griffin, Ga. 
 
 A. Illges Columbus, Ga. 
 
 B. T. ilatcher Columbus, Ga. 
 
 J. W. WooU'olk Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 W. J. Kincaid Griffin, Ga. 
 
 Theo. M. Foley Columbus, Ga. 
 
 This line of railway commences at Columbus, Ga., and the first divi- 
 sion runs east northeast through the counties of Muscogee, Harris, Tal- 
 bot, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding and Henry, to a connection with the 
 East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad, about 100 miles. The 
 road will eventually connect direct with the Georgia, Carolina and North- 
 ern at some point on the line near Muuroe, Ga. 
 
 On March 27, 1886. a contract was made by the railroad company with 
 the Georgia Midland Construction Company, a company with a large 
 capital and amjjle facilities, to build and equip the first division of the 
 road to a point of junction with the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 
 Railroad. Work began on the grading in May, 188G, and was all com- 
 pleted in twelve months. All the road-bed and eipiipment is 
 
 FIRST-CLASS IN ALL PARTICULARS. 
 
 At Columbus, Ga., this road will connect with the Alabama Western 
 for IVIontgomery, Mobile, New Orleans and Texas, Columbus and West- 
 ern for Birmingham, with the Mobile and Girard for Eastern and Central 
 Alabama ; and with the extension of this line to Albany, Ga., will connect 
 at that point with the Georgia Central to Savannah, Ga., with the Bruns- 
 wick and Western to Brunswick, Ga., and witli the Savannah, Florida 
 and Western to Savannah, Fernandina and Jacksonville ; at Jacksonville 
 with the Florida Railway and Navigation Company to Cedar Keys, and 
 the Jacksonville, Tampa Bay and Key West Railway to Tampa Bay, and 
 thence by ocean steamer to Key West and the West Indies. 
 
 On the northeast a connection with the Georgia Central at Griffin, Ga., 
 to Atlanta, and near there makes a competing connection via the East 
 Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia to Atlanta, with 
 
 COMPETING CONNECTIONS 
 
 at that point for the East, West and Northwest. At Covington, Ga., a 
 
GEORGIA MIDLAND AND GULF. 35 
 
 connection with the Georgia Railway to Augusta, Ga., and thence to 
 Cliarleston and Port Royal, S. C, at some point on the Georgia, Carolina 
 and Korthern, and thence to Richmond, Washington, Baltimore, Phila- 
 deljjhia. New York and Boston. It would be difficult to locate a line of 
 the same length in any section of the country that would command as 
 numerous and valuable connections as this road. Nowhere else can 
 there be found a line making more valuable through connections and im- 
 portant local or side lines than is here ottered. 
 
 THE ELEVEN COUNTIES 
 
 penetrated by the Georgia Midland and Gulf embrace the most populous, 
 productive and wealthiest agricultural district in the State. The follow- 
 ing iigures are almost absolutely correct, and they give the total of the 
 population, products and value of these counties traversed by the Georgia 
 Midland Railroad: Total population, 164,401; number of farms, 13,653; 
 improved land, 858,481 acres; unimproved land, 1,132,833 acres; grand 
 total, 1,991,314; cash value of farms, $12,688,243; bushels of corn pro- 
 duced annually, 2,181,345; bushels of oats, 439,534; bushels of potatoes, 
 328,252; bales of cotton, 106,659; pounds of butter, 951,409; value of farm 
 products, $8,135,633; value of orchard products, $101,275; total value of 
 farm and orchard products, $8,236,908; head of live stock of all kinds, 
 195,546; value of live stock, $2,421,853; assessed value of real and personal 
 estate, $28,676,241; total value of real and personal estate, $47,350,000. 
 These figures were taken as far back as 1880, and it would require that 
 12 or 15 per cent, be added to them in order to reach the correct figures 
 now. Besides, the fact must be taken into consideration that there is 
 always a decided difference between the assessed and the real value of 
 property in favor of the latter. 
 
 IT IS THE BEST BUILT ROAD 
 
 to-day in the South, and has been constructed with such economy as to 
 astonish even expert contractors. It has standard steel rails, iron bridges 
 throughout, and is the smoothest road-bed and best equipped road in the 
 South. It traverses the garden spot of Georgia, and a section of country 
 that has only needed railroad facilities to develop the finest couutry in 
 the South — a country of excellent water, exhilarating climate, productive 
 lands and fine timber. Hundreds of people will locate along its line, and 
 the Georgia Midland will prove a blessing to Columbus and to Georgia. 
 There is no country tliat offers greater advantages in the way enumerated, 
 and already the population has begun to increase, and before a twelve 
 months shall have passed it will be 50 per cent, greater than it is now. 
 
 For the future, the South is the inviting field for capital ; Georgia is 
 the progressive State in the South, and the Georgia Midland and Gulf 
 runs througli the most desirable section. 
 
36 
 
 OUR MARKET. 
 
 OUR MARKET. 
 
 Nothing is so essential to life as something to eat. We may deny our- 
 selves the pleasure of high living in any department except that of 
 healthful food. To have it served in an appetizing manner on your table 
 is only second in importance to have it exhibited for sale in a convenient 
 and cleanly way, both to him who buys and he who sells. We reproduce 
 the following: 
 
 MEAT SOLD IN MARKET. 
 
 Statistics Showing that We Use 31,^27 Animals, Weighing 2,594,660 Pounds 
 — Some of the Live Men Who Deal at the Market. 
 The market is a necessity to Columbus. Besides the revenue it brings 
 into the City Treasury by the rents for the various stalls, it gives our 
 citizens a place where they can find just what they want in the way of 
 meats and vegetables. The proprietors of the stalls are butchers, who 
 make it a business and understand exactly the demands of the trade, as 
 well as the track gardeners, who raise an ample supply of vegetables of 
 all knids. Those in search of sometliing to eat aie sure to hud it at the 
 market, and they can always find sometliing nice. In order to show how 
 much fresh meat the city of Columbus consumed in a year, we have 
 compiled the statistics for the year. We find the amount as follows : 
 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Weight 
 
 Kach. 
 
 Aggregate 
 
 Weight. 
 ... .- 
 
 
 5,475 
 7.8UU 
 
 4,y.so 
 
 17,155 
 
 250 
 
 ■60 
 
 100 
 
 1,458,750 
 
 Mutton 
 
 2iy,ooo 
 
 Hoo-s 
 
 4^8,000 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 380 
 
 2,115,750 
 
 
 
 We thus find that there were 17,155 animals killed, and 2.115,750 
 pounds of fresh meat used from the market, and besides, there is a large 
 quantity of fresh meat sold between the market hours. A large quantity 
 of fresh meats is sold across the river, in Browneville and Girard. The 
 actual figures gives the following for the year : 
 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 Beeves 
 
 Mutton 
 
 Hogs 
 
 ToLnl 
 
 Number. 
 
 Weight 
 
 Each. 
 
 1,015 
 
 1,822 
 1,335 
 
 250 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 4,272 
 
 380 
 
 Aggregate 
 Weight. 
 
 281,750 
 
 54.G(iO 
 
 143,500 
 
 478,910 
 
CITY CHURCHES. 
 
 37 
 
 Thus we find that the combined statement shows that there were 
 used during the yeai', in this city and across the river, 21,427 animals, 
 weighing in the aggregate 2,594,660 pounds. 
 
 For the privilege of selling, the batchers pay an annual rental of from 
 $75 to $100 a stall, which nets the city a revenue of $1,525. Tlie stalls 
 are the property of the city. 
 
 The amount of vegetables consumed in a year is simply incalculable, 
 and the cheapness with which they are sold makes one wonder liow the 
 truck farmers can afford to raise them. These stalls also bring in quite a 
 revenue to the city, as they rent from $18 to $20, and aggregate $656 for 
 the Treasury of the city. 
 
 CITY CHURCHES. 
 
 Statistical Information Concerning the Places of Worship in the City. 
 
 Columbus takes just pride in her churches. No city in the South 
 affords better religious opportunities. The buildings are large and com- 
 fortable; are well ventilated in summer and heated in winter. The 
 churches have been peculiarly fortunate in the selection of ministers, as 
 they are all fine speakers and enjoy the highest moral and religious char- 
 acter. They have endearetl themselves to their churches, and have won 
 the respect and admiration of the public at large. Under the ministry of 
 such able gentlemen, our cluirclies could not be otherwise than popular. 
 
 Great interest is also being taken in the Sunday Schools, whicli are ably 
 superintended and managed. Parents who leel an interest in the futui'e 
 of their children should send them to Sunday School regularly, or, better 
 still, go themselves, and take their children with them. 
 
 Below we append a table giving the names of the pastors of the various 
 churches, and statistical information concerning the difierent clmrclies 
 and Sunday Schools, which show that all are in fine condition in every 
 i-espect: 
 
 Names of Churches. 
 
 First Presbvteritiu 
 
 First Baptist 
 
 Second Baptist 
 
 St. Luke, IMetliodist 
 
 St. l'aul,Mptli(i(list 
 
 Trinity, Episcopal 
 
 BniartSt., Mettiorli.st 
 
 Name of Pa,stors. 
 
 Rev. W. A. Carter 
 
 Robert H. Harris 
 
 J. W. Howard 
 
 Rev. G. U. N. MacDoiiclI. 
 
 Rev. Walker Lewis 
 
 Rev. W. C. Hunter 
 
 Rev. .1. B. K. Smith 
 
 Holy Family, Catholic i Rev. Fatlier Schienke.. 
 .Jewish Synagogue JRabbi Weiss 
 
 
 0! 5 
 
 c i2 
 
 
 
 
 Se 
 
 t ? 
 
 "s § 
 
 '-'^H 
 
 o 
 
 
 3.51 
 
 177 
 
 575 
 
 200 1 
 
 269 
 
 125 
 
 675 
 
 400 
 
 4-24 
 
 125 
 
 293 
 
 245 
 
 (i75 
 
 220 
 
 50U 
 
 loO 
 
 300 
 
 164 1 
 
 
 >^ 
 
 8 43,500 
 45,000 
 0,000 
 3;!,500 
 25,000 
 19,000 
 4,100 
 25,000 
 24,000 
 
 (3) 
 
 3..500 
 4,000 
 600 
 3,500 
 4,000 
 4,495 
 1,500 
 
 1,200 
 1,300 
 200 
 1,200 
 600 
 400 
 300 
 525 
 500 
 
38 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL 
 
 Statistics which Show Columbus to be a City of Schools 
 
 The Public Schools for Fifteen Years — A Steady Increase in Interest and 
 Attendance — A Fine Exhibit for the Female Seminary — Otlier Schools. 
 
 Columbus is iudeed the city of schools, and we have no information of 
 any better place for procuring an education. It has been said, and we 
 have no inclination to dispute it, that the schools of Columbus have done 
 as nuxch in the progress of building up the city as our great manufactur- 
 ing enterprises. Every advantage that a parent may desire for the educa- 
 tional advancement of the child — wliether it be daughter or son, young 
 lady or young man — may be found in this city, and it is encumbered with 
 the fewest number of disadvantages so often found in a city of the size. 
 The people of all the surrounding country recogn;Z3 this fact, and come 
 here to receive the advantages. Their children educated, they still re- 
 main, and among them are many of our best citizens, who have fully 
 identified themselves with the city's interest. Our citizens appreciate 
 this fact, and it is the interest they take in the schools that has caused 
 them to prosper, and bring us pupils from a dozen States. Columbus 
 believes that in a free country like this, ignorance has no rights, except 
 the right to get out of the way. It is the theory of her citizens to believe 
 in the educational theory, and it does not claim that men are equal in 
 capacity or attainment, but tliat every citizen is capable of being raised 
 to a moral and an intt llectual level which will fit him to take an intelli- 
 gent interest in public atfairs. In this our city is eminently correct. We 
 believe in the capacity of human nature for educational improvement of 
 a direct and rapitl sort. The old idea of advance only through slow and 
 and prolonged stages of cumulative experience has long since been ex- 
 ploded, and in our institutions of learning are to be found all the modern 
 appliances and apparatus. We have seminaries, and high schools, and pub- 
 lic schools, with all the departments that entitle an institution to that 
 comprehensive title. These institutions stand open ten mouths of every 
 year, inviting young men and women of this country to prepare thoroughly 
 for life's earnest work. We give statistics to show what Columbus is 
 doing in the way of educating the youth of the country: 
 
 Number of teachers in grammar department, white 7 
 
 Number of teachers in primary department, white 8 
 
 Number of assistant teachers 1 
 
 Superintendent teaches part of each week 1 
 
 Teacher in music department, white 1 — 18 
 
 Number of teachers in grammar school, colored 6 
 
 Number of teachers in primary department, colored 10 — 10 
 
 Supernumerary teachers, white 1 
 
 Supernumerary teachers, colored 3 — 4 
 
 Totil teachers and supernumeraries 38 
 
 Number of male teachers, white 1 
 
 Number (tf female teacher, white 17 — 18 
 
 Number of male teachers, colored 2 
 
 Number of female teachers, colored 17 — 19 
 
OUR CITY GOVERNMENT. 39 
 
 SCHOLARS. 
 
 Enrollment in boys' school, Prof. Battle, principal 373 
 
 EnruUraent in ijirls' sceool, Miss M, H. Birdsoug, jninc'pal 413 
 
 Enrollment in colored schools, Prof. W. H. Silencer, principal (girls 
 
 610, boys 4.^0) 1,066 
 
 Normal class (colored), males 3, females 22 25 
 
 Normal class (white), males 3, females 21 23 
 
 Total enrollment 1,900 
 
 AVERAGE ATTENDANCE. 
 
 Boys' school, Prof. Battle, principal 296 
 
 Girls' school. Miss Birdsong, principal 360 
 
 Colord schools, Pj-of. Spencer, principal 674 
 
 Normal class, white 20 
 
 Normal class, colored 22 
 
 Total average attendance 1,372 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 Hon. B. F. Coleman, President, Hon. Jno. Peabody, Vice-President. 
 
 A. O. Blackmar James Smith, B H. Crawford, 
 
 C. A. Redd, Dr. N. J. Biissey, W. S. Needham, 
 
 Jno. King, N. N. Curtis, I. I. Moses, 
 
 A. P. Mooty, Superintendent and Secretary. 
 
 OUR (ITY GOVERNMENT, 
 
 CITY OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1887 — ELECTION HELD SECOND SATURDAY 
 IN DECEMBER, 1886. 
 
 Mayor — CliflF. B. Grimes. 
 
 Akiermen First Ward— .J. S. Garrett, E. S. McEachren.* 
 Aldermen Second Ward— A. M. Ellcdge, R. T. Hatcher.* 
 Aldermen Third Ward— i^. P. Dozier, Wm. H. Br;inn<.„ * 
 Aldermen Fourth Ward— Theo. M. Foley, Frank McArdle.* 
 Aldermen Fifth Ward— N. N. Curtis, Isaac Joseph.* 
 Aldermen Sixth Ward — G. W. Dillingham, RoUin Jeiferson.* 
 *Tiaie expires December, 1887, balance in December, 1888. 
 
 Mayor pro t€m., Wm. H, Brannon ; Clerk of Council, M. M. Moore; 
 Treasurer, John N. Bariiett ; Marshal and Chief of Police, John H. 
 Palmer; First Lieutenant of Police, James A. Roberts; Second Lieu- 
 tenant of Police, W. Z. Pickett ; Overseer of Street Hands, John Foran ; 
 City Engineer, B, H. Hudson; City Attorney, S. B. Hatcher; City Fhy- 
 siciaii, J. E. Gillespie; Hospital Keeper, Catherine Andeison; Clerk of 
 Market and Magazine, Thomas O. Douglass; Sexton, A. Odom. 
 
 Port Wardens— Thomas Chaffin, R. A. Carson, E. L. Wells, Dan 
 Joseph and L. Meyei'. 
 
 Assessoi-s of Real Estate — B. H. Crawford, James Smith, G. E. Gager. 
 
 Chief Engineer o'" Fire Department— George J. Burriis. 
 
 Superintendent of Fire Alarm Telegraph— E H. Jenkins. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES, 1887. 
 
 Accomiift—Jor,e\)h, Foley and Curtis. Bvidg'S and TI'Artr/— Jefferson, 
 Elledge and McArdle. Cemetery and Park— Y.Wci.h^i'. P.ramion and Dil- 
 lingham. City Improvements and Commons — Dozier, McArdle and Bian- 
 nt>n. Cisterns, Fire Department and Water Works— ¥oh-\, McEachern 
 and Garrett Co«^rrt«<»— McArdle, Jefft-r.son and Dozier. Finance— 
 Brannon, Curtis and Hatcher. l/(/s;jt<a^— Dillingham, Dozier and Jeffer- 
 
40 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 son. Market and Magazine — Garrett, Dilliiiy;ham and Josepli. Police and 
 Gas — Hatcher. (Jai-rett and McEacliern. Public Schools — Curtis, Hatcher 
 and Foley. Streets and Sewers — McEachern, Joseph and Elledge. 
 
 Board of Fire Wardens— (ity Assets— Bonded Debt. 
 
 BOARD OF FIRE WARDENS. 
 
 Georse J. Biurus, C. L. Torbett, James A. Calhoun, 
 
 W. H. Brannon, E. H. Jenkins, Dan A. Joseph. 
 
 ASSETS OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS^ GA., JANUARY 1, 1887. 
 
 Value ol" real estate in city limits $(5,536,130 
 
 Non-taxable 570,600 
 
 Commons Ijelonging- to the city, surveyed, and lots ready to be 
 
 put on the market 40,000 
 
 Wharf 40,000 
 
 Two bridjies 50,000 
 
 Market— Meat and Vegetable 12,000 
 
 Public Buiidiuiis — Engine Houses, Council Chamber, School 
 
 Houses, Hospital and Magazine 88,000 
 
 Stock in Mobile and Girard Railroad Company 40,000 
 
 Stock in Gas Light Company 11,500 
 
 BONDED DEBT OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS, GA., JANUARY 1, 1887. 
 
 Due 1804 $ 1 1,300 Due 1900 $ 19,000 Due 1906 $ 10,000 
 
 1895 500 1901 11,000 1907 10,500 
 
 1896 37,400 1902 8,500 1908 11 ,000 
 
 1897 24.400 1903 25,000 1909 266,000 
 
 1898 17,000 1904 10,.500 
 
 1899 16,000 1905 17,500 Total $495,600 
 
 All of the above were issued 1876 to 1879, for redemption of other 
 bonds issued at various times and for various purposes. Principal and 
 interest is payable at office of City Trcasuier. All bear interest at 5 per 
 cent., coupons due J muary and July, excepting $36,800 of 7 per cent, 
 bonds due in 1896 and 1897, coupons of which are payable April and 
 October. Until 1894 about $10,000 of bonds will be retired annually by 
 purchase. Tax on real estate, 1 per cent. 
 
 OUR mVER STEAMERS. 
 
 The following is our show ior a navy. They ply all the year, and run 
 to the Gulf : 
 
 Name. Capacity. Master. 
 
 Naiad 500 bales cotton T. J. Whiteside. 
 
 Amos Flays 700 '' " T. A. Marcrum. 
 
 ThronauH'ska 700 " " W. A. Kandlette. 
 
 Fanny Fearn 800 " " G. L. Lapham. 
 
 M. H'. Smith 600 " " C. E. Hobart. 
 
 W.D.Ellis... 400 " " Henry Long. 
 
 Pactolus 800 " " W. A. Jones. 
 
 Aid 300 " " James Wells. 
 
 Ruby 200 " " Dan Collins. 
 
 STREET RAILROAD. 
 
 Not to be behind the progressive ideas of advanced civilization, our 
 city boasts of a complete and well-e(iuippcd street railroad, propelled at 
 present by horse power, but with the i)rivilege, by special legislation, to 
 use steam. The road has (our miles of track, reaching through the city 
 and to suburbs. The road is in a highly prosperous condition, with a 
 liberal charter and prospective extensions. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 41 
 
 ELECTRIC LIGHTS. 
 
 The city is lighted on its tlioroiighfiires by the Brusli Electric Light 
 system, the same being used by our leading hotels, mills and steamers. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Two steam fire engines ; 2 liand engines ; 1 hook and ladder track ; 7 
 hose carriages ; 3,600 feet good leather hose; 9 mules ; fire dei)irtnient 
 consists of 215 volunteers, 10 men paid part time ; fire alarm tehgraph, IG 
 stations. 
 
 WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 Twenty-six cisterns, capacity 400.000 gallons ; 1^ miles street mains ' 
 capacity of reservoirs, 100,000,000 gallons daily ; pressure, 50 pounds ; 105 
 hydrants. 
 
 WATER WORKS. 
 
 No city in the Union has a better su]iply of water than our own. Tliey 
 have been com])leted five years, and furnish water by gravitation a dis- 
 tance of four miles. They get their supply from the mountains west of 
 the city, and have two reservoirs, containing in the aggregate nearly four 
 hundred million gallons of pure water. A 12-inch main conducts the 
 water to the city, connecting with the distributing mains, covering ten 
 miles of pipes, fitted with double fire hydrants, which, under pressure, 
 can throw water over highest building. Iiieorpoiated, 1880. Capital, 
 $175,0>10. B. F. Archer, President ; T. W. Lynnot, Treasurer ; George 
 W. Baily, Secretary. 
 
 OUR BANKING FACILITIES. 
 
 The Chattahoochee National Bank. — 
 Capital $100,000 | Surplus $ 75,000 
 
 Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank. — 
 Capital $150,000 | Surplus $ 50,000 
 
 The National Bank of Columbus. — 
 Capital $100,000 | Surplus $ 40,000 
 
 Eagle and Phenix Savings Bank. — 
 Capital $1,250,000 | Surplus $650,000 
 
 The Georgia Home Insuil-^nce Comp.\ny. — 
 Capital and Assets $750,000 
 
 OUR WHOLESALE TRADE. 
 
 Hardware. — Frazer & Dozier. 
 
 Grocers.— Jones Bros. & Caverly, W. J. Watt, J. H. Gabriel & Co., 
 Kern & Loeb, Garrett & Sons, M. Kaufman. 
 
 Dry Goods.— J. Kyle &: Co., J. K. Orr ■k Co., M. .Joseph, Lewis & 
 Gregory. 
 
 Drugs. — Brannon & Carson. 
 
43 
 
 OTHEU ENTERPRISES. 
 
 Some of Oiir Enterprises not Included in the Cotton Mills, 
 Railroads or River Lines. 
 
 The Columbus Barrel Factory, whose product is displayed at Section 
 D, Main Building, Piedmont Fair. — This factory makes auythino- in the 
 shape of a barrel or keg. Has a paid up capital of $20,000. Its daily 
 capacity is 300, with the following corps of officers: President, Charles T. 
 Porter; Secretary and Treasurer, M. M. Hirsch. 
 
 The Bottling Works of E. M. Walsh & Co., run in connection with 
 their wholesale beer and liquor business. It is the only enterprise of the 
 kind in the city, and is one of our best pajing industries. 
 
 The Empire Flour Mills. — This old and strong house has an exhibit 
 of their own in Section D, ]Main Building, and in their regular advertise- 
 ment in this pamphlet, gives the capacity and output of their mill. The 
 proprietor of tlie mill is Geo. W. Woodruft", assisted by his two sons, H. 
 L. and Ernest Woodruff. Their mill is the largest in this section. See 
 advertisement. 
 
 The Columbus Southern Railroad, though not in sight, is an 
 assured fact. This is the connecting link between Florida and Columbus. 
 The right of way is secured, $150,000 good subscrii)tions signed up, and 
 all awaiting a few m(n-e details to go on to a rapid completion. 
 
 Pearce's Cotton Mills — Making checks and plaids. 
 
 Brown's Cotton Mills — Making yarns. 
 
 The Chattahoochice Knitting Company — Making hosiery. 
 
 Planing Mills. — Dudley ifc Harvey. T. L. Gruzard, Ernest Abshe- 
 gan, England & Snyder, Columbus Iron Works. 
 
 Cotton Warehouses. — Swift & Hamburger, Flournoy & Epping, 
 Slade & Farisli, F. J. Jenkins & Co., B. T. Hatcher & Co., Blanciiard, 
 Humber & Co.. Carter Sc Bradley. 
 
 We might go on and till a directory with these stauncli enterprises, but 
 we will group a list of tliem to show the diversity of our talent and labor: 
 
 G. J. Peacock, Manufacturer Clothing; (^olumbus Ice and Refrigerating 
 Company, IMusci)gee Oil Company, several Building and Loan companies. 
 The Columbus Gas Companj', The Columbus Fertilizing Comjiany, South- 
 ern Telegraph Company, Western Union and Telejilione Company, a 
 handsome Opt ra House, a Public Library, Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation. Two large C'ompresses run by the Central Railioad, and one by 
 private capital, for direct shipments to Europe. 
 
 Our Daily Papers. — For almost all thi' foregoing matter we are 
 indebted to the files of tiie Columbus Enquirer-Sun and the Evening 
 Ledger. These two dailies are our jewels. They come to us each day 
 laden with the best and brightest of news — always ready with their pens 
 or their means to push on the progress of theii' city. The business fea- 
 tures of each can be ascertained by reference to their advertisement else- 
 where in this book. In this place and time we desire to return our 
 thanks to their respective staffs for indispensable aid in getting together 
 the matter of this book. Without the use of their files ami daily publica- 
 tions we would have been lost. 
 
 J. A. n'ALK£R, roiiipiler. 
 
REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND PRODUCE. . 43 
 
 Joel A. Walkeb. Robt. W. Walker. 
 
 Walker Bros., 
 
 OO LXJJS/IBXJS, G^A. 
 
 ^ '-1^ ^rr^ ^le^" tot^^ =i^ 
 
 9) -^^^*^ ^5^==^ :=»b^^ r5^/ Jai^^^ y^S5 9 
 
 REAL ESTATE, INSURANCEIPRODUCE. 
 
 Local Agents for 
 
 THE LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, 
 THE FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Buy and Sell Real Estate. 
 
 Sell Meats, Grain, Flour, and all 
 Mill Products. 
 
 Have 100,000 Acres Timber Lands. 
 
 Have 10,000 Acres Mineral Lands. 
 
 'Call on us at Section "D," Main Building, Piedmont 
 Fair, during two weeks in October. 
 
44 
 
 GROCERIES. 
 
 m 
 
 WHOLESALE uHOGJ^K^ 
 
 1211 BROAD STREET, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. 
 
 5 
 
 WHOLESALE MCERS. LIQUOR DEALERS AND TOBACCONISTS. 
 
 0<3XjXT3VL:OTJS, CS-ES0I^C3-I-<SL- 
 
 The Largest Wholesale Grocery House at Columbus,Ga. 
 
 Office and Store Rooms 1201 aud 1203 Broad Street. 
 
 Storag-e Warehouse with side-track near the General Freight 
 
 Depot. 
 
BANKING AND INSURANCE. 
 
 mssB 
 
 45 
 
 rr 
 
 BE w\m 
 
 h 
 
 7 nr 
 
 COLU^IBXJS, GA. 
 
 wiTms, $ too, 000, gwmp&vrr& $3 0,000, 
 
 J. RHODES BRO\A/^NE, Pres't. 
 
 GEO. W. DILLINGHAM, Cashier. 
 
 COLLECTIONS SOLICITED AND MADE A SPECIALTY. 
 
 rr 
 
 nit I Li 
 
 GMIilA m llSiiffl CO. 
 
 COLUIVIBUS, GKORGIA. 
 
 J. RHODES BROWNE, Pres't. 
 
 WM. €. COART, Sec'y. 
 
 Capital and Assets, f 733,5(>6.17. 
 
 J. Hhodes Browne, 
 N. N. Curtis, 
 (x. M. >Villaiiis, 
 
 DIRECTORS : 
 
 Aniorv Dexter. 
 
 Chas. Wise, 
 
 (lieo. W. Dilliiighiim, 
 
 J. S. (iiirrett, 
 
46 
 
 FLOUE MILIi — COTTON WAREHOUSE. 
 
 Largest Flour and Meal Mills in the South. 
 
 DAILY CAPACITY 
 
 600 Barrels Flour. ^,000 Bushels Meal. 
 
 FULL ROLLKR PROCESS. 
 
 Employing the Celebrated Gradual Reduction Porcelain Koller 
 System, manufacturing- the following popular brands: 
 
 KING OF PATENTS, SILVER LEAF, 
 
 STANDARD PATENT, SWEET HOME, 
 
 SNOW FLAKE, OUR FAVORITE. 
 
 Send for Samples and Prices. 
 
 Geo. W. Woodruff, Prop. 
 
 PLANTERS' WARKHOUSK. 
 
 Geo, P, SwiEnr, 
 
 Louis Han^buroer. 
 
 Geo. p. Swift & Hamburger 
 
 Successors to GEO. P. SWIFT & SON, 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 
 
 Coluin^bus, Georgia. 
 
 Liberal Advances on Consignments of Cotton, and Special Atten- 
 tion given to Sale and Storage of same. 
 
BAGGING MILLS. 
 
 c 
 
 47 
 
 LS. 
 
 rV It 
 
 mmi 
 
 
 m 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 jute: ba^g^ghjVCJ^. 
 
 3/ ii 
 
 4 
 
 S. S ly.lbs. to 
 
 star ^ 1 
 
 Live Oak ... A, 2 
 Live Oak ... X, 2' 
 
 i(, (4 
 
 a a 44 
 
 44 44 
 
 44 
 
 THE ONLY MILL IN GEOROIA MAKING 
 
 CAPACITY. ■ - 3,000 YARDS A DAY. 
 
 See Siimple on Exhibition at Section "D," Main Building-, During 
 Piertmout Fair. 
 
 OOXLiTJlVtrOTTS, - 
 
 - oiEsortG-i^a^. 
 
48 CROCKERY, ETC. 
 
 [ESTABLISHED IN 1844.] 
 
 L L. COWDERY i CO. 
 
 'ff- 
 
 IMPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN 
 
 CHINA, CROCKKRY, 
 
 Foreign G'assware and Fancy Goods. 
 
 1044 Broad St., - Coliiiiibus, Georgia. 
 
 GRIGSBY E. THOMAS, Jr., 
 
 Attorney at La\^^. 
 
 Office Nos. 3 and 4 Georgia Home Building. 
 
 Special attention given to Land Titles, Char- 
 tei's and Corporation Franchises. 
 
 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. 
 
GROCERIES. 
 
 49 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 ? 
 
 » 
 
 Columbus, Ga. 
 
 The largest Country Trade of any mer- 
 chant in the city. 
 
 Ample Capital to accommodate the 
 Needy. 
 
 Attentive Clerks to wait on you, and 
 prices to match the lowest. 
 
 AI.SO AOEXT FOR 
 
 HATCHER'S FAMOUS IRON WAGON. 
 
 Call at Machinery or Agriciiltiu-al Hall at Piedmont Fair, and at 
 Macon Fair, to see a Sample of this Celebrated Wagon. 
 
50 
 
 GROCEKIES— COTTON MILL. 
 
 THEO.M. FOLEY 
 
 Successor to F J. SPRINGER <St CO., 
 
 —DEALER IN- 
 
 PROVISIONS, FINE LIQUORS, ETC. 
 
 'OLD MILL" WHISKY A SPECIALTY 
 
 Orders by Mail Promptly Executed. 
 
 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. 
 
 JL 
 
 in 
 
 bb 
 
 y 
 J 
 
 m 
 
 bb 
 
 COLXJIMBUS, OEORGIA. 
 
 PLAIDS, CHECKS, COTTONADES, 
 
 MITCHELINE-MARSAILLES 
 
 BKD SPRKADS 
 
 111 all colors, sizes and designs. 
 135 LOOMS, 100 0P»ERATI\^ES. 
 
 CAPITAL STOCK $50,000. 
 
 A. CLEGG, Pres't. 
 
 JOHN F. CLEGG, Sec'y & Treas. 
 
ICE, BEER AND MINERAL WATERS. 
 
 51 
 
 K M. WALSH a 
 
 V 
 
 Columbus and Griffin, Ga. 
 
 rr 
 
 m 
 
 U 
 
 n 
 
 lie in LiKcsi films m yrafiiia 
 
 D 
 
 FOR THE MANUFACTURE OP 
 
 ICE Am pj|pER,A\L WATER^S 
 
 AGENTS FOB 
 
 LJ 
 
 a 
 
 
 Ui 
 
 AND 
 
 WHOLESALE LIQUOR DEALERS, 
 Dublin Stout, Bass Ale, Ginger Ale, Etc., 
 
 Coluuibiis and Cirifnii, Ga. 
 
 FIRST PREMIUM WHEREVER EXHIBITED. 
 
 Sample of Ice at Section ^' D,'^ Main Building, 
 
 Atlanta. 
 
53 
 
 JEWELRY — CLOTHING. 
 
 C. SCHOMBURG. 
 
 Watchmaker and Jev/eler, 
 
 HAS JUST EECEIVED A VERY HANDSOME LINE OF 
 
 Royal Copper and Bronzr Goods, Vases, Statues, 
 
 Pitchers, Candlesticks, Mirrors, Tables, 
 
 Plaques, Trays, Clocks, Jardiniere. 
 
 Will be ready in a few days to wait on you with a stock of SPEC- 
 TACLES and EYEGLASSES superior to any ever brou<i;ht to our beau- 
 tiful city, and will charge but a reasonable profit on the money invested; 
 will not charj;e for his skill and knowledge in fitting you; will sell you 
 real Stone "Pebble" Lenses, if you want them, and are able to buy them, 
 and otherwise will sell you the best ground and polished Glass Lenses in 
 the market, put in any kind of frame you want. So when you want 
 Glass Lenses, ask for Glass Lenses; when you want Pebble Lenses, ask 
 for Pebble Lenses. Let "hifalutiu" names alone, as humbug. 
 
 A. C. Chancellor. T- -T. Pearce. 
 
 ^1 
 
 J 
 
 111 1!'0 
 
 ' AI 'oil *^P 
 
 1135 Broad Street, 
 
 CC 
 
 >Ll]MB 
 
 us, - - - GA. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 HATS and 
 
 The Largest Fine Retail Busi- 
 ness in Georgia. 
 
 MERCHANT TAILORING 
 
 A Specialty. 
 
HARDWARE. 53 
 
 L. O. FRAZER. D. P. DOZIBR. 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 H .4. R^ r> ^V^ ^^ Pt E , 
 
 Guns and Sporting Goods. 
 
 We are the largest jobbers of Hardware in Southwest Georgia, and invite 
 A. COM:i»A.PtI©OIV OF miCJKS. 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 
 DuPonfs Celebrated Sporting and 
 
 Blasting Powder, Starr's Hames 
 
 and Traces, Howe Scales. 
 
 BUILDERS' SUPPLIES, 
 
 COLUMBUS, ....... GEORGIA. 
 
 (4) 
 
54 
 
 GROCERS — STABLES. 
 
 C. A. RBDD. 
 
 W. A. REDD. 
 
 C. A. REDD & CO. 
 
 "Wholesale iji^ocex's, 
 
 1036 Broad Street, - - - - Columbus, Ga. 
 
 Stock always complete for Store or Plaiita- 
 tation Trade. Prices guaranteed as low as 
 any in the city. We make 
 
 A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Six Splendid BUILDING LOTS For Sale near Business Centre 
 and Street Car. 
 
 J. M. FLETCHER & SON, 
 
 I=>^L^CE1 STABLES, 
 
 OoBiiiubns, Clicorgia. 
 
 liivery First-Class Tluougiioiit. Accoumiodations for Drovers 
 
 Unsurpassed. 
 
 FINE 
 
 Heafses aad Caifiages 
 
 Furnished for Funerals. 
 
 We are also connected with the 
 firm of 
 
 HERRING & FLETCHER. 
 
 Undertakers. 
 
 Funerals personally conduct- 
 ed by Mv. C. II. Herrin<,% whose 
 reputation is second to none. 
 
PRINTING AND BOOK-BINDING. 55 
 
 1854. 1887. 
 
 THOS. GILBERT, 
 
 Printer, Book-Binder, 
 
 AND 
 
 MANUFACTURER PAPER BOXES. 
 
 18 and 17 Twelfth St , Columbus, Ga. 
 
 MERCANTILE WORK A SPECIALTY. 
 
 oxjX3 33eoo2s:&> fi x: ^b o xr ixr xs. 
 
 Georgia and Alabama BLANKS Always on Hand. 
 
 I^^PAPER BOXES on Exliibition at Section D, 
 Main Building, Piedmont Fair. 
 
56 
 
 DKY GOODS — OPEKA HOUSE. 
 
 TIHE 
 
 -:'-.t^-^- ■■ . 
 
 COJ .UMBUS, GEORGIA^. 
 
 THE LEADING DRY GOODS HOUSE 
 
 IN WESTERN GEORGIA 
 
 Leaders of Low^ Prices. 
 
 STEiBl I LO[W[i[RZ. 
 
 SPRINGER OPERA house" 
 
 Columbus- Cjreorgia. 
 
 Willi its 2f),000 iiiliabitants Columbus is one of the- best theatri- 
 cal cities in the Southern circuit. First-class attractions only. 
 Write for open time and terms to 
 
 THKO. HI. FOI.KY, Manager. 
 
MANUFACTURING. 
 
 57 
 
 Manufacturing Co., 
 
 Oolimibvis, Cijra. 
 
 Capital Stock $157,500 
 
 Spindles, 
 
 Looms, 
 
 Operatives, 
 
 6,000 
 
 400 
 
 - 400 
 
 PLAIDS 
 
 ^5; 
 
 G. P. SWIFT, 
 W. A. SWIFT, 
 
 - - President. 
 Sec'v and Treas'r. 
 
58 
 
 DAILY NEWSPAPER — REAL ESTATE. 
 
 DAILY LEDGER. 
 
 10 Gents a Week 
 
 CoLUMBus, Georgia. 
 
 Advertisements and Subscriptions taken by 
 applying, during the Piedmont Fair, at Sec- 
 tion ''D," Main Building, Atlanta. 
 
 A STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS LITERARY JOURNAL, 
 
 W.J. WOOD. 
 
 W. S. GREEN. 
 
 Real Estate Brokers. 
 
 oc> i_.xjjv::b'cjs. 
 
 We have on our list some good property, 
 consisting of lousiness Houses, Residences, 
 Vacant Lots, Subiu'ban Property, also Timber 
 Lands in Southern Geoi'gia and Mineral Lands 
 in Noi'thern Georgia. Oiu' business houses will 
 pay from 6 to 8 per cent. net. 
 
 OFFICE CORNER BROAl) AND ELEVENTH STREETS. 
 
59 
 
 1872. 1872. 
 
 CAPITAL, - - $150,000. 
 
 W. H. BRANNON, Pres't. A. 0. BLACKMAR, Cash'r. 
 
 W. R. BROWN, 
 
 W. H. BRANNON, 
 
 C. E. HOCHSTRASSER. 
 
 C. A. REDD, 
 
 W. L. CLARK, - 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 President Columbus Iron Works Company, 
 of Peabody &. Brannon, Attorneys. 
 
 Grocer. 
 
 of C. A. Redd &, Co. 
 
 Railroad Superintendent. 
 
 !1 
 
 immii m mmmi nn, 
 
 Columbus, Ga. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY CORRESPONDENT: 
 
 American Exchange National Bank. 
 
 No charges made for collecting Local Paper payable 
 
 with Exchange, and on other points only 
 
 what we pay for collecting. 
 
60 LIVERY STABLE — KEAL ESTATE. 
 
 EMPIRE STABLES. 
 
 Successors to 
 
 JOHN DISBRO^A^ & CO. 
 
 East Side First Avenue, between 12th and 13tli Streets. 
 
 NEW AND NOBBY TURNOUTS, 
 
 SAFK AND SHOWY HORSES, 
 
 CAREFUL AND EXPERIENCED DRIVERS. 
 
 Funerals Personally Conducted and Properly Attended 
 to. The Finest Hearses in the City. 
 
 PRICES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TIMES. 
 
 Ample Accommodations for Live Stock. 
 Headquarters for Dealers. 
 
 REEDY ^ MAHONE, 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGENTS. 
 Next Door to the Fost-Office. 
 
 BUY AND SELL PROPERTY 
 
 In or out of the City. 
 
 COLLECT RENTS, NEGOTIATE LOANS, 
 
 Aucl make ourselves generally useful to those 
 who buy, sell or boi'i'ow. 
 
GROCERS. 
 
 61 
 
 ones Eros, &Ura 
 
 AVHor^ESA^i^xi: 
 
 GrOCERC!5, 
 
 947 Broad Street, 
 
 COLUMBUS, 
 
 _ _ - GEORGIA. 
 
 3^0 C3-OOIDS 
 
 ATRBTAIL 
 
62 GROCERS — PIPING. 
 
 Opposite Central Hotel, 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCEHS. 
 
 WE DEFY COMPETITBON. 
 
 WILL DUPLICATE ANY OUTSIDE BILL. 
 
 GRAIN, FLOUR, MEAT, TOBACCO, 
 
 CASE AN1> CA^JXED GOODS. 
 
 Honest Measurement! Honest Weights! Low Prices! 
 Polite Attention! 
 
 AMORT DEXTER, Pres't. E. H. JENKINS, Treas'r. 
 
 STEAM AND GAS PIPE CO,, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 Steam, Gas I Wafer Pipe li Fillings, 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT SUPPLIES, 
 
 Iron FuixLps, Hose of ^11 Kinds, 
 
 Terra Cotton Drain and Sewer Pipe. 
 
 Contractors and Builders of Gas and Water Works. 
 
 1035 IJroiul Stroof, Coliiinbiis, {in. 
 
ICE MACHINES. 
 
 63 
 
 COLUMBUS mOlT WOUKS 
 
 AND 
 
 The Stratton Ice Machine Co. 
 
 Can be Seen at Section ""'D," Main Building. 
 
 H. D. STRATTON $ CO. 
 
 COLUMBUS, - - - - GEORGIA, 
 
 Contractors and Builders of 
 
 Of any Capacity. 
 
 35 Machines Now in Operation! 
 
 Twelve Machines Erected During tiie Past Year. 
 
 The following (Sea Coast) Cities have them in operation 
 against Northern Ice : Wihriington, N. C. ; Savan- 
 nah and Brunswick, Ga. ; Jacksonville, St. 
 Augustine, Apalachicola, and Pensa- 
 cola, Fla., and Mobile, Ala. 
 
64 
 
 BROKERS — FURNITURE. 
 
 SOIJLE RE1>D. 
 
 J. C. HAILE. 
 
 We Buy and Sell Bonds, Stocks, Etc., 
 
 Strictly on Co ni mission. 
 
 We Write Insurance Policies in the very Strongest 
 Companies with Gieat Care. 
 
 We Buy, S3II snd Rent M EMe with Promptness, 
 
 We solicit a share of patronage. 
 
 T. T. EDMUNDS, 
 
 THE FURNITURE MAN, 
 
 Coliainbus, Georgia. 
 The Best Selection, the Handsomest Designs. 
 
 THE LOWEST PRICES IN THE STATE. 
 
 PARLOR, BEDROOM AND BRIDAL SETTS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 8i4d-k-Sfad dkfcpet^, Window glrdde.s. etc. 
 POLITE ATTENTION AND NEW GOODS. 
 
MANUFACTURING. 
 
 65 
 
 If! 1 
 
 n 
 
 J,. 
 
 D 
 
 % HPT 
 
 OOT^U31I^tJS, C^.^. 
 
 COTTONADES 
 
 AND THE 
 
 CELEBRATED MITCHELINE 
 
 m 
 
 CAPITAL STOCK, - - - - $200,000 
 
 Spindles, 
 Looms, - 
 Operatives, - 
 
 8,000 
 330 
 300 
 
 W. A. SWIFT, President. 
 Q. M. Williams, Sec'y and Treas'r. 
 
66 GROCERIES — LIQUORS AND TOBACCO. 
 
 I. L. POLLARA 
 
 1235 B:E^0-A.X3 STK^EIO?, 
 
 I. L. POLLARD & CO, 
 
 CROCKEY, GLASS and TABLEWARE, 
 
 loss BnO-A.3D STI^EEX, 
 O O Xj XJ 3Vt lO XJ S, O 3E3 O 11 C3- 1 -A.- 
 
 Both establishments run on Strictly First-Class principles. 
 Prices to meet anybody. 
 
 I. L. POLLARD. 
 
 LOUIS BlIHLER* CO. 
 
 WHOLESALE, CIGARS, TOBACCOS and LIQUORS. 
 
 Next Door South of Central Hotel, 
 cot-mTJ 3va: :]^ xj s, ca- is o 3Ft oi- x .^k. . 
 
 Sole .Agents for 
 ANHEUSER-BUSCH STANDARD BOTTLED BEER. 
 
 IMPERIAL WEDDIN& WHISKY, BRAND REPUBLIC CIGARS. 
 
REAL ESTATE AGENT, ETC. 67 
 
 ESTABLIwSHEU 1874. 
 
 Real Estate Agent, 
 
 Columbus, Ga. 
 
 For a reasonable Commission, I buy and sell all kinds of 
 
 STOCKS, BONDS, U. S. LAND WARRxlNTS AND 
 rtEiVL ESTATE. 
 
 8 IPer Ooiit. I>Ioi*tg'ag-e Loans 
 
 (One-half to two-thirds of value), 
 
 Effected on Centrally Located City Real Estate. 
 
 If you have money paying you only 5 or per cent., write or call on me. 
 
 FOR SALi:: 
 $100,000 FIR8T-CLA88 SECURITIES, 
 
 AMONG THEM 
 
 $5,000 (jeorgia ih per cent. 30-year Bonds, due 1915. 
 $5,000 City of Coluinbiis 5 per eeiit. Bonds, due lOOO. 
 Southwestern Railroad guaranteed 7 per cent, Stock. 
 Central Railroad and <ieorgia Railroad Stock. 
 Aniericus, Preston and Lumpkin Railroad First Mortgage 7 
 per cent. Bonds at 102^ and interest. 
 
 Circular giving full particulars mailed to any 
 
 Address. 
 
68 GKOCERIES — CLOTHING. 
 
 HOCHSTASSER. 
 
 ORANGES BY THE BOX OR CAR LOAD. 
 
 in x_, O lE^ I XD ^^ 
 AT WHOLESALE. 
 
 IMPORTED FRENCH AND GERMAN 
 
 Table Ltjixutries. 
 
 Native and Foreign Wines. 
 
 "BAKER RYK: 1868" a Specialty. 
 
 1877. 1887. 
 
 G. J. PEACOCK, 
 
 Clothing Manufacturer, 
 
 1200 & 1202 Broad St., Columbus, Ga. 
 
 A Lai'ge Line of 
 
 ENGLISH, FRENCH AND AMERICAN CASSIMERES 
 
 Always on hand. 
 
 COTTONADE SUITS A SPECIALTY. 
 
COTTON FACTORS — HOTEL. 69 
 
 S. A. Carter. W. C. Bradley. 
 
 CARTER & BRADLEY, 
 Cotton Kactors, 
 
 (UEBSTKB WAREHOllSF) 
 
 935 Broad Street, - - - - Columbus, Georgia. 
 
 We have increased the storage capacity of our house two tliousand 
 bales, and have made otiier imiu-ovements to lower the rate of insu- 
 rance on cotton stored with us. and are now ])re|)Mred to offer to the 
 farnaers of this section more convenience, clieaper insurance by 50 
 per cent., and better service than ever in each department of our 
 business. ij^Give us ONE trial and see that this is true. 
 
 ALWAYS ON IIANU. 
 
 Storage and Sale of Cotton a Specialty. Liberal Ad- 
 vances made. 
 
 HOTEL RIDDLE 
 
 Columbus, Georg^ia. 
 
 Up-Town Hotel, Cor. 1st Ave. and 13th St. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY FEATURE. 
 
 Only Hotel in City with Rooms on First Floor. 
 
 TR4^\SIEKT AND RKCiULAR BOARDERS TAKEN. 
 
 OMNIBUS FREE— Meets all Trains. 
 
 TRANSIENT BOARD, ------ $2.00 per day. 
 
 Mm. A. E. RIDDLE tk SON, Prop's. 
 CARL K(>E( HLIN, Clerk. 
 
 (5) 
 
70 
 
 BANKING. 
 
 H. H. EPPING, Pres't. E. H. EPPING, Cashier. 
 
 Statement of the Coudition 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COJ^UMBUS, OEORGI^, 
 
 x\t the Close of Business, 13tli May, 1887, as Made to the 
 
 Comptroller. 
 
 RESOURCES: 
 
 Loans and Discounts $353,557 87 
 
 Oveidiafts (Advances on Cotton, etc.) 13,(J93 16 
 
 United States Bonds (4i % ) to secure circulation 100,000 00 
 
 Other Stocks, Bonds and Mort-^ages 5.940 00 
 
 Due from approved Keserve xlgents, New York 21,230 33 
 
 Due Ironi other Natinnal Banks 5,759 71 
 
 Due from Stair Banks and Bankers 8,831 09 
 
 Real Estate, Furnituie and Fixtures 19.143 26 
 
 Cui rent Expei ses and Ta.'ces paid 3.901 07 
 
 Preniinnis on United States Bonds 5.981 61 
 
 Cash on hand. 43,660 27 
 
 lledenii/tidii Fund with United States Treasurer 4.500 00 
 
 Due iVom United States Treasurer 978 80 
 
 $587,176 17 
 
 LIABILITIES: 
 
 Capital Stock paid in $100,000 00 
 
 Surplus Fund 75,000 00 
 
 Undivided Profits 25,383 74 
 
 National Bank Notes outstanding 89.300 00 
 
 Indivi(hial Deposits '. 274.224 94 
 
 Ceitifieates of D.^josit 5,500 00 
 
 Due to State Banks and Bankers 17,767 49 
 
 $587,176 17 
 
 State (if Georgi'i, City of Columbus: 
 
 I, E. H. Eppinj;, Cashier of the above named Bank, do solemnly swear 
 that tlie above Statement is true, to the best of my knowUdge and belief. 
 
 '■ E. 11. EPPING, Cashier. 
 
 Subscribe*! and sworn to before me, this 17tli May, 1887. 
 
 J NO. F. Lloyd, Notary Public. 
 Correct — Attest: Jos. Kyle, i 
 
 A. Illges. [ Directors. 
 
 II. M. Ei'i'iN(i, ) 
 
DRUGS — BROKEK. 71 
 
 BRANNOU & CARSON, 
 
 COMJMBIJS, GA., 
 
 AND 
 
 HEADaXIARTERS for all Popular Patent Medicines. 
 
 Prices to compete with any house in the 
 United States. 
 
 L. H. CHAPPELL, 
 BROKBR, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance 
 ..^ o IE isr T, 
 
 Colianribuis, ----- Georgia. 
 
 IBstetlDllslxod 187^4. 
 
 Reference: NATIONAL BANK. Columbus, Ga, 
 
DUY aOODS. 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN COLUMBUS, GA., 1852. 
 
 M. JOSEPH, 
 
 Importer and Jobber of 
 
 DRY" GOODS, 
 
 NOTIONS, MILLINERY, HATS, CAPS, Etc. 
 
 Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in 
 
 ALL KINDS OF TRUNKS. 
 
 Headquarters for Georgia Manufactured 
 
 Of every Grade aind Description. A large stock and 
 
 complete assortment always on hand 
 
 at Bottom Prices. 
 
 A full corps of Trav'eling- Salesmen who travel in Alabama, 
 P"'lori(la. (Jcor^ia, Mississippi and South Carolina, etc. 
 
 COMPETITION DEFIED 
 
 INFORMATION PROMPTLY FURNISHED 
 
 In Reference to Goods, Prices or Terms on Appli- 
 cation. 
 
 Nos. 1131, 1133, 1135 and 1137, 
 BROAD ST., COLUiVIBUS, GEORGIA. 
 
 p. O. BOX 274. 
 
WHISKY AND TOBACCO — COTTON BUYER. 
 
 73 
 
 Gaffett 8- Sons, 
 
 Corner BROAD and ELEVENTH STS. 
 
 V^^HOLESALE 
 
 GROCERS AND LIQUOR DEALERS. 
 
 Importers, Jobbers and Manufacturers 
 
 -OF- 
 
 CioARS AND Tobaccos. 
 
 j,bVhqlst &Ga 
 
 
 :, ©E0IR13IA. 
 
74 POUNDERS, ETC. — BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 GOLDEN BROS., 
 
 COLXJMBUS, a^., 
 
 FOUNDERS <m MACHINISTS, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Hangefs, Pullejs, Couplinp, Shaftings and Collafs, 
 
 Adapted for Cotton Mills, 
 
 All Light, Durable, Substantial and of Improved Designs. 
 
 (Steam or Horse.) 
 
 Cane Mill?, Cotton Screws, Gin Gearing, Mill Gearing and Castings 
 
 Of every description made to order. 
 
 J. K. ORR & CO., 
 
 85 and 87 Eleventh Street, Columbus, Ga. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS and WHOLESALE DEALERS 
 
 —IN— 
 
 BOOTS, SHOKS 
 
 And rubbers. 
 
 We havp the exclusive sale of the popular 
 
 "COLTJI^/^BXJS BELLE," 
 
 A WARRANTED SHOE, 
 
 To RETAIL for ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENTS. 
 
 i^SEND FOR SAMPLE..^ 
 
BROKERS — PHARMACISTS. 75 
 
 'Yonge & Grimes, 
 MERCHANDISE BROKERS, 
 
 RKAL KSTATK 
 
 AND 
 
 Kirk Insurance) 
 
 JL a- E isr T s. 
 
 11371 Broad Street, - Columbus, Ga. 
 
 HALL & WHEAT 
 
 PHARMACISTS. 
 
 Proprietors of ttie '"City Dri Store," 1142, aM tlie "New Dm Store," 
 1016 Broafl Street, Coliiiiiis, da. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FINE AND RARE CHEMICALS. HOLIDAY CtOODS. 
 
 HAIR, TOOTH, NAIL, BATH AND BLACKING BRUSHES, 
 
 Cut, Pressed and Plain Cologne Kottles. 
 
 Surgical Supplies, Sponges and Gold Leaf 
 
 A SPKCFALTY. 
 
 'Mail Orders promptly and correctly attended to. 
 
76 COAT, ANB WOOD. 
 
 ESTABI.ISHED 1868. 
 
 PHILIPS' 
 
 COAL AND ^A^OOD YARD. 
 
 The Celebrated 
 
 Monievallo, Jellioo and Hsnryellen 
 
 ANTHRACITE and BLACKSMITH COALS. 
 CHOICE OAK AND PINE WOOD. 
 
 TERRA COTTA DRAIN and SEWER PIPE. 
 
 Fire Brick and Clay, 
 
 Ornamental Border Brick, 
 
 Grate Brick, Urns, 
 
 Chimney Tops, 
 
 Stove Flues, etc. 
 
 iiPiicETami siTisFicTiai Eiia?jmii! 
 
 Telephone 98. Yard Next to Swift Cotton Mill. 
 COLUMBUS, . - - - GEORGIA. 
 
GROCEKIES — BAKBEL FACTORY. 77 
 
 W. J. AVATT, 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCER, 
 
 1000 Broad Street, Columbus, Georg-ia. 
 
 With a large and commodious Brick Ware- 
 house on raih'oad side-track, we claim superior 
 facilities for handling goods in large quanti- 
 ties. Bayers will find it to their interest to 
 see me before buying. 
 
 W. J. WATT. 
 
 COLUMBUS BARREL FACTORY, 
 
 Columbus, Georgia. 
 
 Makes Barrels, Kegs, Staves, Headings, etc. 
 
 WORKS : On Central Railroad, near Depot. 
 
 IT^See sample of our work at Section "D," 
 Main Building, Piedmont Fair, Atlanta, Ga. 
 (6) 
 
78 HOTEL— MARBLE WORKS. 
 
 Central Hotel, 
 
 Columbus, Georgia. 
 SIMEON O'NEAL, Proprietor, 
 
 Successor to J. W. RYAN. 
 
 Good Sample Rooms on First Floor for Commercial Men. 
 
 GAS LlfrHTS and ELECTRIC BELLS in EACH ROOM. 
 Accommodations First-Class. 8^.00 a day. 
 S. O ' IsT E A. Xj. 
 
 STEAM MARBLE WORKS. 
 
 MONUMENTS, TOMBS, Etc, Etc. 
 
 Best ITALIAN and AMERICAN MARBLE. 
 
 Wrou|hl Ifoo Railing k Fences |j Ceinelef| Eaclosures 
 
 Home Office, 700 T?»-<>!id Street, 
 Coliiiiibus, Georgia. 
 
 Importing Office, 427 West Fourteenth St., New York. 
 
 A. M, ELLEDGE, Proprietor. 
 
DAILY PUBLICATION — LAND COMPANY. 
 
 79 
 
 •nPXIES 
 
 DAILY. WEEKLY and SUNDAY. 
 
 A Live ]J)emocratic Jouiiial, Devoted to the 
 Interests of the ''New South." 
 
 The Cheapest Daily in the SouTH-Eight Large Pages. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIOIV RATKS: 
 
 DAILY— One Year $7.00 
 
 WEEKLY— One Year $1.00 
 
 SUNDAY— One Year $1.00 
 
 Advertising rates and sample copies free. Adress: 
 
 THE ENQUIRER-SUN, 
 
 t<»liiinl>ns, (Teorg'ia. 
 
 COLUMBUS 
 
 U 
 
 m m 
 
 OOLTJIMISXJS, - OEOI^OIA., 
 
 Information for the purchase and sale of 
 Improved and Unimproved property in and 
 out of this city fui'nished, 
 
 Oorrosipoiadoiioe Solicited 
 
 D. R, BIZE, President. 
 E. H. EPPING, Sery and Tieas'r. 
 
80 FURNITURE. 
 
 CHAS.A.KLINK 
 
 KurniturE, 
 
 CARPETS, Etc. 
 
 THE LARGEST STORE, MORE FLOOR SPACE. 
 
 FINER GOODS, LOWER PRICES, 
 
 Than any House in the City. 
 
 We are prepared to supply anything necessary to make a 
 
 HOME SWEET and HAPPY. 
 
 ^^S^Opposite Central Motel. ^ 
 
W. H. YOUNG, Pres't. 
 
 A. I. YOUNG, Tr-eas'r. 
 
 CAPITAL $1,250,000. 
 
 Ik Eagle d hm iij. 
 
 URGESTCOTTOHMO WOOLEN MILLS IMTHE SOUTH. 
 
 1500 Looms, 48,000 Spindles, 1800 Operatives, 
 
 Making 100 Yarieties Colored Goods, and sold all 
 over the Union. 
 
 Manufacture Plaids and Stripes of every variety and weight, 100 patterns; 
 Dyed Duckings and Osuaburgs; Standard Dress and Fancy Ginghams, Ticking 
 in five grades, twenty varieties of beautiful Cottonades, new styles; Fancy 
 Cheviot Stripes and Plaids, in all weights; C^otton Diaper, Rope, Brown Goods; 
 Hickory Shirtings, Cassiraeres, Jeans; Woolen and Cotton Convict Goods; 
 Fancy Striped and Plain Turkish and Family Towels; THE CELEBRATED 
 COTTON BLANKET; Table Felting and Colored Curtain Hangings; Hosiery 
 Yarns, colored and white; Seersuckers. 
 
 PERFECT BALIx SEWING THREAD, 
 
 Made by a special process. 
 
 Our goods are unexcelled for perfection in manufacture, beauty and variety 
 of Patterns, Fast Colors, Durability and Lowest Prices on all goods. 
 
/ 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 ilium i 
 
 
 Tli5 Georfia- MiU I Ul 1 1 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 ATLANTA_^^ COLUMBUS 
 
 Shortest Line! Quickest Time! 
 
 Most Elegant Equipment! 
 gteel gails and (Iron (Bridges! 
 
 1^=- Close connection made in Union Depot, Atlanta, 
 with Through Sleepers for Washington, New \ork, and 
 all points North and East. 
 
 |^=-This IS the quickest and best route to and from 
 I Oolnrnbus, Troy, Union Springs, and Eufaula. 
 CALL FOR YOl R TICKETS VIA 
 
 THE GEORGIA MIDLAND RAILROAD. 
 
 O. W. CHEAES, 
 
 tJeu'l Tiisseiiger Agent. 
 
 M. E. (U^AY, 
 
 SuiHriiiteiMleut. 
 
ubraby'of congress I