^oV '^Q> 'oV / ^^ _ , yr'%^ *h^ ■f^r.'i ^v-'^Bk'- .^ov* :£M^^: '-^r.^ 4 /iV V, ^ C^*/ V^v %'^*/ V- o > • SALES SUGGESTIONS FOR PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS A Practical Book, Designed Particularly for the Purpose of Offering Suggestions to Paper Box Manufac- turers for Promoting New Business. By ROBERT F. SALADE Author of " Hoiv Paper Boxes Are Made," "Plate Printing and Die Stamping," "How Cutouts Are Made," " Electrotyping and Stereotyping," Etc. With 68 Illustrations LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. SHEARS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1922 ,$^^ Copyright, 1922, BY The Shears Puelishixg Company JUL -1 !922 ©CI.A677440 -i oi^ C' i LIST OF CONTENirS ►>»s«^^ Chapter I Thk mtidern paper box factory. Great progress of the iii(lustr\- dur- ing the last few years. The passing of the old "fire-trap." Interior of the modern plant. New-style fire towers. Steel equipment. Labor-saving conveyor systems and their advantages. Pneumatic air tube system. A remarkable "all-on-the-gronnd-floor" plant. The chute system for waste paper and trimmings. Mechanical equipment of the modern paper box factory. Special grouping of machines and operators to increase production. The modern cutting and creasing department. Sequential machine arrangement. Increasing shoulder output. The business offices. The display room. Dining room for employes. Greater improvements to follow. — I'ages 7 to 18 Chapter II Judicious advertising for paper hox manufacturers. An unusual news])aper display advertisement. Suggestions for ad\ertising ])aper boxes. Various mediums of advertising that box manufacturers can use to advantage. Inspiration not hard to find. An impressive "double-spread" magazine advertisement. An interesting full-page display advertisement. Op])ortunities for efi^ective advertising cam- paigns in business magazines. Direct-by-mail advertising literature. Moving picture advertising. Advertising by means of (Hspla\s at conventions. Souvenir advertising. Remembrance advertising. — Pages J() to 31. Chapter III Utili'i'y of l)eauty in set-up boxes. A romantic scene on the lludson river. Pretty, decorated paj^er boxes useful after the original con- tents have been removed. The paper box manufacturers' o])|)i)rtunitv to sell. Makers of package goods always ready for new ideas in at- tractive packages. How one paper box manufacturer hel])ed a con- fectioner to increase sales. Some beautiful styles of candy boxes. What a little colored ribbon will do. Cabinet boxes for fine writing jiaper. A wide field for writing paper boxes. De luxe ptipt-r l)oxes for high grade candy. Odd-shaped candy boxes. Descriptions of sev- eral out-of-the-ordinary paper boxes. Methods of doming tops for large-size round, oval and odd-shaped boxes. — Pages 32 to 42. Chapter IV Attractivenkss will sell goods. The mission of the paper box manufacturer. How box manufacturers can help create new busi- ness for otber manufacturers. A simple idea that sold tons of fine candy. Carnival box tops. New fields for plain paper boxes. New- fields for attractive paper boxes. "Flashy" candy boxes for carni- vals, fairs, etc. "je'Clair, the Package Beautiful." Two unique candy packages that have scored big hits. Opportunities for paper box manufacturers to work up complete advertising campaigns for large producers of package goods. Paper boxes that are works of art. — Pages 43 to 55. Chapter V Nkw fields for folding boxes. The new-school paper box manufac- turer. The wonderful utility of folding boxes. A new-style ff)lding box for 1)rick ice cream. Selling methods of one successful box manufacturer. Folding boxes for books, catalogues, magazines, etc. How folding boxes helped a national advertising campaign. Folding boxes for medical talilets. Folding boxes for tooth paste, shaving- cream, etc. An interesting case. Folding boxes for jars of com- plexion cream. Suggested improvement for Easter egg boxes. — Pages 56 to 05. Chapter VI Selling goods with unique folding l)oxes. Modern manufacturer of folding boxes a business promoter. The art department as a business builder. Advantages of first class printing and lithograph- ing departments in paper box factories. Some big orders for folding- boxes. "Share Thy Knowledge." The kinds of folding boxes that sell goods. A cake box with the utility feature. 100,000,000 folding boxes for raisins. Other lines of merchandise that could be sold in small-size paper boxes. Unique display containers. Folding boxes and cartons for window displays. Opportunities for paper box manufacturers to plan and sell new ideas in folding boxes. A cylin- der cutter and creaser. — Pages 66 to 76. Chapter VII Improved methods of cutting and creasing. The demand for all kinds of folding boxes increasing. Brief outline of cutting and creasing work. Suggestions for building an extra-strong die. Sim- ple method of preventing a steel die from warping. Advantages of printers' brass rule as scoring rule. Brass feeding guides with self- contained fenders. Out-of-the-ordinary method of making ready a cutting and creasing form. Best methods of corking forms. A "bender," or spring, made of binders' board. — Pages 'j'j to 85. Chapter VIII Cutouts paper box manufacturers can produce. Meaning of the term, "Cutout." Partitions and "set-ins" for holiday boxes. How the "set-ins" are made. How the cutout work is done. Practical facts about making the cutting dies. The make-ready ft)r cutout work. Cutouts for Christmas. Easter, Valentine Day and other holi- days. Odd-shaped candy boxes for holiday occasions. Fancy paper ba.skets, bon-bon holders, etc. Unusual color effects. Advertising signs and cutouts. xA.dvertising novelties. Cardboard fans, wall pockets, calendars, and i)aper caps. Display cards for buttons, ])ins, etc. Other kinds of cutouts. — Pages 86 to 99. Chapter IX Suggestions for new designs in tops. lal)els and wrappers. Future bright for progressive l)ox manufacturers. Excellent sales-promotion work being done l)y many box men. A box wrapper with a blue-bird design. Printing patterns for box wrappers on a cylinder jiress. The imitation marble effect. A checker-board design. The stripe effect in wrappers. (3ut-of-the-ordinary box tops. Type-and-border forms for ])ox tops. Helps for printing on highly glazed paper. Labels for the inside of box lids. How one paper 1:)ox manufacturer gained an important order.^ — Pages 100 to 108. Chapter X Keeping the box manufacturer's ])rint shop I)us}-. ( )pportunities for l)roducing jol) and comiuercial ])rinting. How to keep the printing- plant profitably employed during all seasons. Kinds of work pro- duced in one box manufacturer's ])rint shop. Factory forms, time sheets, loose leaf forms, etc. Business cards, letter heads, envelopes, statements and bill heads. Labels of many different kinds. Fancy labels cut out to odd shapes. Gummed labels and advertising stickers. How the paper l)ox manufacturer may produce his own advertising- matter. A telephone list booklet. Wall calendars, blotters, motto cards, ft)lders and circular letters. Large-size wall calendars. A sug- gestion for a motto card. — Pages 109 to 115. Chapter XI Important engraving processes every box manufacturer should know. Steel-die-stamped wrappers for fine paper boxes. The utility of die-stamped box wrappers. Steel die stamping — what it is. The difference between engraved copper plates, engraved steel plates and engraved steel dies. The automatic die and plate press. Engraving a steel die or steel ])late. Hardening a steel die or steel plate. En- graving by means of acid. A popular formula for deep etching. The engraving machine. Master plates for engraving lettering. Ruled engraving, ornamental borders, etc. Making a counter-die for steel die stamping. Completion of the make-ready. — Pages Ii6 to 129. Chapter XII Thk making of solid hl)re containers. Remarkable advantages of solid fibre shi])]iing containers. Uses for solid fibre containers mul- tiplving rapidlw How container board is made. How solid fibre shipping barrels are made. Printing blanks for solid fibre containers. The Swift fibre container-making and printing machine. Regular container-making machines. Different styles of containers. Wire stitching solid fibre containers. New uses for solid fibre container board. La])-boards. game boards, etc. Advertising signs, odd-shaped signs and large-size cutouts. Novelty boxes. — Pages 130 to 140. ClIAPlKK XIII Methods of silicating and i)araffining paper l)oar(l. The modern farmer, or dairyman, and his selling methods. A business building idea for manufacturers of paraffined paper boxes. Opportunities for box manufacturers to teach farmers how to sell farm products by parcel post. The modern housewife prefers food products packed in cartons. Silicated paper board ready for use. The Knowlton coat- ing machine. The p.ractical work of coating paper board for use in cartons. The roll coating machine. Printing sheets of paper board before applying the coating. Paraffin — what it is. Silicate of soda. Coating paper board with silicate of soda. Method of coating sheet stock with two different solutions. Paraffining stock for folding boxes and other kinds of containers. — Pages 141 to 150. •■•#€ CHAPTER I >'•• THE MODERN PAPER BOX FACTORY -«ia<'^^i>- HAT wonderful changes have occurred in the jjaper box industry (hn-ing the last few years! Remarkable changes for the better. The old. dilapitated building of some twenty years ago has been replaced by a handsome, mod- ern, tire-proof structure, designed particularly for the purposes of a paper box manufacturer. Modern factory buildings of this class are being erected in many ditTerent parts of the country and many of them are of beautiful architecture in addition to being lOO per cent useful. It is not simply these handsome new buildings that have marked the great progress of the paper box industry during the last few decades. The buildings themselves have had much to do with this ])rogress, l)Ut so has modern mechanical equipment, skilled labor and efficient management. Moreover, the proper arrangement of mechan- ical equipment in modern factory ])uildings has made increased pro- duction possible in numerous cases. If you put old. worn-out machinery in a modern building you have not solved the production pro])lem. The conditions are not much better in a case where new mechanical equiiMncnt has been mstalled in an old. dingy building where p-ure air and natural light are almost unknown. tIic modern pai)er box plant must l)e complete in every detail of its equipment and organization else it would not be truthful to call it a modern plant. For the pur])ose of compiling data for this subject the writer vis- ited a considerable number of ])a])er box plants, including factories devoted exclusively to each of the following products: vSet-up paper boxes, folding boxes and cartons, pill and powder boxes, corrugated containers, and sohd fibre shipping cases. Plain facts about the con- struction, equipment, arrangement of the equii)ment and the general management of these various plants will be given in the following paragraphs. This information has been taken from the original sources and for that reason should be heli)ful and suggestive to any 7 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufaeturers reader who is interested in the subject. Several of the finest paper box plants in the world are referred to in this article — concerns that are noted for quality, service and genuine efficiency — and the splendid examples set by these firms should be closely studied b}- other paper box manufacturers who desire to improve their plants. While it is true that extraordinary improvements are l)eing made in the paper box industry throughout the country, it is likewise a fact that some of the paper box manufacturers are not participating in this grand march of progress. Among the plants that were visited by the writer was one that was nothing more than a "fire-trap." It was an ancient, five-story brick building. The old, wooden floors were actually oil- soaked. The stairways, pillars and partitions were all of wood. There was only one elevator, operating at a "snail's pace," and used principally for carrying stock to the various floors. It was necessary for the employes to climb the stairs to reach the different de])art- ments. Some of the wt)rkers had to climb as many as four flights of stairs. The entire place was dark and dirty. If ever a fire l)reaks out in that building there will probably occur a heavy loss of life. Yes. we still have with us a number of old-time buildings like the one just described, but happy to say. they are passing away rapidly, and the time is soon coming when such a l)uilding will l)e rare, in- deed. Let us aU help in bringing about this l)etterment as quickly as possible. The dingy, unsanitary, fire-menace type of factory has no place in the paper box industry of today. THK M()np:RN PAPER BOX FACTORY The nn)dern paper l)ox factory is built of In'ick. stone or re-in- forced concrete. The sides of the 1)uikling are of steel and glass, allowing an al)undance of natural light to reach all departments of the plant. The floors, stairways, partitions and pillars are all formed of concrete, although in some cases the floors are made of solid wood blocks which have l)een treated with certain chemicals to make them fire-proof. It is almost impossible for a l)uilding of this kind of construction to take fire and burn. The stock and materials inside of the building may catch fire and Inirn, l)ut in such an event the "inhab- itants" of the structure would have ample time to make their escape. The new-style, double fire-tower-escapes are so constructed that they do not become congested as hundreds of persons rush into them from the various floors. As the workers from the ninth floor (for example) are running into one tower, the workers from the eighth floor are rushing into the other tower. This system allows ])lenty of room in the double towers for all of the emploves. and those from the TJw Modern Paper Box Factory lower floors are out on the street while the workers from the upper floors are descending the towers. The interior of the modern paper hox factory — the walls, pillars and ceiling of every work-room — is painted in mill white, finished with a coat of gloss-white. The walls and pillars have a dado of gray, or dark olive green, about 4 feet high from the floor. The doors, metal window sash, steel doors leading to the fire towers, etc., are painted either gray or dark olive green. STEEL EQUIPMENT The modern paper hox factory has steel equipment in practically all of its various departments. In one well-known plant even the office furniture is of pressed steel, finished in dark olive green. The Group of Aiitonuitic Wrapping Machines. This photograph was taken in one of the larger paper box factories in the Middle West. imposing tables upon which cutting and creasing forms are built are of pressed steel with planed steel. tops. The work-tables, material cabinets and lockers in the different departments are also of pressed steel. If the modern paper box factory is operating its own printing de- partment, as many of the leading 1k)x manufacturers are doing today, the type cabinets, roller cabinets, make-ready tables, and other equip- ment of this variety are all made of pressed steel. The steel equip- ment is as close to being indestructible as anything could be, and its handsome appearance enhances the beautv of the entire plant. Sales Siiijgcstinns for Paper Box Manufacturers LABOR-SAVING CONVEYOR SYSTEMS The conveyor system is an important feature of the modern paper box plant. In several of the larger plants the conveyor system is so efficient that the finished product is automatically carried from the various departments to the shipping- department. By this system it is possible to "shoot" finished product directly into freight cars, or motor trucks, as the case may be. The conveyor system is also used for the purj^ose of carrving stock and products in process of manufacture from one department to another. For example, and in the case of a factory devoted to the manufacture of set-up paper l)oxes. the blanks first go to the cutting and scoring machine. From this machine the blanks are carried to the corner-cutter machine. The blanks then pass on to the flange bender, on to the staying machine, and finally on to the automatic wrapping machine. It is one continuous o])eration. As the finished boxes and lids come from the wrapping machines, the boxes and fids are assembled, and then on down the chute they travel directly on their way to the shipping department. In one large plant devoted to the manufacture of solid fibre ship- ping cases, the conveyor .system carries the printed and folded boxes directly through the automatic wire stitching machine. As the ends of the containers are wire-stitched together, the finished product is carried on to the shi])ping department. The owners of this plant have their own private railroad siding, and at times the completed containers are conveyed directly from the wire stitching department to the freight cars standing on the railroad outside. The conveyor system is something that deserves the deepest study of any pa])er ])()x manufacturer who may be planning to have a new factory erected. The right kind of a conveyor system will make it unnecessary for em])l()yes to carry stt)ck or product in process of manufacture from one department to another, tlnis saving a great deal of time and labor in every department of the plant. The con- veyor system now in practical service can be improved upon, of course. One improvement always leads to another. THE PNEUMATIC AIR Tl^BE SYSTEM The larger, modern pa]:»er box factory has a pneumatic air tul)e system running from the general business offices to each and every department of the plant. By this system orders, written instructions, samples of stock, telegrams, bills of lading, etc.. are "shot" to the proper department in less than five seconds' time. This tulje system in conjunction with a i)lant telephone system makes it practically un- 1© The Modern Paper Box Faetory necessary for a foreman to leave his department. The time-saving advantages of this plan may he illustrated hy the fact that in one large plant several thousand orders and other articles jxiss through the tuhes every day. A REMARKABLE "aLL-()N-TIIE-GR()UND-FLOOK" PLANT The plant of the Fil)re Container Company, ^lanayunk, Philadel- phia, is remarkahle in several particulars. This jilant consists of a numher of modern, "saw-tooth" huildings. ])uilt of hrick and con- Typical or till' iikhIiih imih; \h-\ pliiiit is^ this recreation and first aid room in the r'actoiy ot W. ('. ilitchie ik Co.. I'bieago. Here the employees gather to enjoy themselves, buy candy and soft drinks. \ nurse always in attendance with two cots for emergency. Crete, and so arranged that the entire ])]anl is laid out on the ground floors of the various l)uildings. This means tliat there are no stairs to climh ; no elevators are essential, and all of the machinery is set on an ahsolutelv solid hase of concrete. As this |)lant is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of solid iihre shi]:)ping containers, extra heavv machinery is required, thus the advantages of the "all- on-the-ground-tloor" plan can he readil}' mulerstood. Talk ahout a complete i)aper hox manufacturing factory! The Fihre Container Company not only makes its own container hoard, l)ut it even manufactures the jute and chip papers from which the container hoard is made. One entire huilding is devoted to the paper- making processes, and here are Icicated the mammoth paper making machines whicJT can he used, if desired, for making any kind of 11 Salt's Siiyyestions for Paper Box Manufacturers paper. In the next Iniilding is the great container-board making machine which spreads warm, hqnid socHum sihcate between three, four or more sheets of chip paper, and which pastes a sheet of jute paper on top and bottom of the completed board. This machine looks much like its brother, the paper making machine. The finished board is delivered in large, flat sheets, ready to be cut, slotted and scored for making up into solid fibre containers. In the other "saw-tooth" buildings of this big plant are installed the special printing presses, cutting, slotting and scoring machines, wire stitching machines, giant paper cutters, corner cutters, special two-color printing presses for printing on the heaviest kinds of solid fibre shipping cases, and special machines which print in two colors, cut, slot and score the container board all at the one operation. In addition to the conveyor system in this ])lant. there are also about lialf a dozen miniature motor trucks wliich are used for carry- ing stock and product from one department to another. Tons upon tons of solid fibre containers are made in this plant every dav, and the mechanical equipment is laid out in such a manner that the work passes rapidly from one department to another, and finally to the shii)ping department. bVeight cars and motor trucks are in close I^roximity to the shi])ping department. There is no waste material in this plant. The paper and lioard trimmings are simply re-convertcd into ])ulp. and tliis pul]) evcntuallv is rolled into new chip paper. THE c'lirri': system for w.\sri. p.aper In a number of modern paper box factories wliere stiff or set-U}) paper boxes are made there is a chute system leading from the cut- ting and corner-cutting departments to a section of the liasement where the balers are located. The waste trims from the cutting and scoring machines, and also the waste stock from the corner-cutting machines, is immediately thrown down the chutes referred to. and soon after reaching the basement the waste is pressed into bales ready to be sent to the paper mills. This chute system not only saves a great deal of time and labor, but it also helps in the maintenance of a clean plant. MECHANICAL EQriPNHiNT OF THE MODERN PLANT It goes without saying that the mechanical equipment of the mod- ern paper box factory should all be of the newest designs, and should l)e kept in first class working condition so that the highest degree of production may be maintained. Every machine should be operated 12 Tlw Modern Paper Box Factory by individual motor. (Overhead belts and sbafting- are out of place in the plant of these times. The machines should be arranged in a scientific manner so that work in the plant may be handled as a continuous operation, and this does not mean putting each group of machines in a separate department. For example, by having several gluing machines operat- ing in connection with a number of cutting and creasing presses, it Fig A. Grouping of machines antl operators to cut cost of production. .Job: Tight- wrapped boxes with flyleaves ; staying, gluing, wrapping, lacing and stacking. Note the arrangement of the portable jilatforms and inclined chutes. 13 Salt's Suyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers is possible to turn out large quantities of folding boxes witbout wast- ing: time and labor in carrying tbe stock from oiie room to anotber. THE MODERN CUTTING AND CREASING DEPARTMENT In tbe modern cutting and creasing department tbe ]:)laten cutting and creasing presses are lined u|) in sucb positions tbat natural ligbt u z > °d o ^ Fig. B. Another special grouping ot macliines and operators for shoulder stripping and turning in, box gluing and inserting shoulders, pressing and turning. Note the positions of the inclined chutes. 14 Till' Modern Paper Box Factorx coming in from the windows at the end of the room illuminates the inner side of the side guide on each press. This makes it possil)le for the feeder of the press to clearly see the side of the side-gtiide which is most important in the matter of close register work. Were the presses to be turned the opposite way. the natural light would fall upon the side-guide in such a way as to cause the side-gitide to cast a shadow at the point where the .sheet is to be fed. making it difficult for the feeder to do close-register feeding. The printed sheets are first sent to the cutting and creasing pres.ses where they are cut and scored to the required sizes and shapes. As the sheets come from the cutters and creasers. they are conveyed to the "stripping" de])artment nearby where the trims, or waste material, are removed. The blanks are then passed on to the gluing depart- ment, where two ends of each ])lank are glued together thus forming a complete folding l)ox. SEQUENTIAL MACHINE ARRAN(;i:MENT Floor space can be economized and production can be su])stan- tially increased by the sequential machine arrangement — something that is being done in manv of the modern jiaper box plants. For example, in a number of ])lants the machines for making a tight- wrapped candy box with fly-leaf; staying, gluing. wrap])ing, lacing and stacking are grouped and handled as follows : By this arrangement of machines, the stayer, the wrapi)er and the lacer, are on three different elevations. Portable platforms are used for the purpose, and the reason for the different elevations is to take advantage of the i)ower of gravitation which is utilized as a natural conveyor between the machines, the work sliding down inclined chutes from one machine to another. The staying machine is on the highest elevation; the wrapping machine is on the next elevation, and then comes the fly-leafing machine'. The force on this job — tight-wra])])ed candy box with fly leaf; staying, gluing. wrap])ing. lacing and stacking — consists of five skilled operators, one for each machine, and one to inspect and pack the finished work. The boxes are passed down the inclined chute from the staying machine to the operator of the wrap])ing machine who registers them to the glued wraps. The operator of the gluing machine takes the glued wra])s from the machine and places them upon a revolving- table within convenient reach of the wrapping machine o];)erator. From the wrapping machine, the second elevation, the wrapped boxes are "chuted" to the fly-leafing machine where the fly-leafs are inserted. 15 Sales Siiciyt'Stions for Paper Box Manufacturers Machines such as the stayer, the lacer, etc.. should he mounted on rollers and should he equipped with individual motor so that they may easily he moved to anv i)art of the huildinc;- to work in connec- tion with other machines. INCREASINC; SHOULDER-BOX oriPlT One of the most comjjlicated johs in set-up ])aper hox manufac- ture is as follows: Shoulder stripping and turning in, box gluing and inserting shoulders, pressing and lacing. By handling this work in a seciuential, uninterrupted course, the production cost is decreased to a large extent. The group plan calls for seven o])erators, and all .seven stages of the work are accomplished withdut unnecessary hand- ling. From the shoulder-stripping machine operator the boxes are within easy reach of the operator for turning in. This operator then hands the boxes to the operator who does the inserting. By means of an inclined chute the boxes are passed from the gluing machine to the operator who inserts the shoulders. The boxes are then passed on to the presser operator. Another inclined chute conveys the boxes to the lacing machine operator. Still another chute carries the boxes to the operator attending to the closing and ])acking. The two time and labor-.saving plans mentioned in the last few ])aragraj)hs were perfected bv the vStokes &• vSmith Company, of Philadelphia. The.se plans have been tried out successfully by muner- ous box manufacturers and thev may be ado])ted by others with good results. I'IME-S.WINC M.XCIIINES The modern paper box factory is not complete without time-saving machines of the newest type. Among the great time-savers for set- up box work are the douljle cutting and scoring machine, the auto- matic wrapping machine, and the double corner cutter. The new- style cylinder cutter and creaser is a l)ig time-saver on various kinds of folding boxes and cartons. For the ])rinting de])artment there are automatic feeders for both cylinder and ]:)laten ])resses. Only a few of the principal time-saving machines have l)een men- tioned, and there are many others that belong to this class, but enough have been quoted to illustrate the point intended. The ordi- nary machines have their advantages, too, like the single cutting and scoring machine, the single corner cutter, the topper and the standard covering machine, all for example. Genuine economy is effected by utilizing the right machine for each ])articular class of work. 16 The Modern Paper Box Factory THE BUSINESS OFFICES The l)usiness offices of the modern j^aper l)ox factory are on a par with those of other high class industrial plants. The general offices are spacious, well-lighted and neatly furnished. The comfort of the visitor is carefully considered. The lohhy is provided with easy chairs, a library table, and a well-stocked bookcase, and copies of the leading business magazines are spread upon the table. "Miss Infor- mation" is a pleasant, intelligent girl, who is courteous to visitors and who knows how to give each caller the proper attention. The private offices are handsomely furnished, and whenever a customer is ushered into one of these offices he is made to feel ])erfectly "at home." There is also a special consultation room in connection with the business offices where the customer is escorted in a case when an important order for ])a])er bo.xes is to be placed. Here the matter may be talked over and planned under the most favoral)le conditions for all concernecl. ITIE DISPLAY ROOM The display room is an important feature of the modern ])aper box factory. It is usually equipped with glass cases on all sides of the room, and in these ca.ses are specimens of the box-maker's best product. Some of the larger firms have displays of decorated candy boxes that are exceedingly attractive. The display cases are illum- inated by electric lights. The room is nicely furnished for the con- venience of customers. DININC; ROOM FOR I'lll'- EMPLOYES Nearly all of the larger paper box factories now have private din- ing rooms for the convenience of tlie workers, and some plants have first-class ".self-service" restaurants where meals are served to the emi)loyes at nominal cost. In a number of plants hot cotTee. tea or milk is given free to workers who prefer to eat their own lunch m the dining room of the iactory. The modern plant also has private rest rooms for the female work- ers and a smoking room for the males. The dressing rooms are com- modious and .sanitary and each worker is provided with an individual steel locker for his or her clothing and other personal belongings. In a number of the larger factories is a small but complete emergency hospital, in charge of a trained nurse. In this chapter we have attempted to give merely a rough outline of the modern paper box factory in the eft"ort to show the remark- 17 Salt's Suygcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers able advancements which have been made in the paper box manufac- turing industry during the last few years. It is safe to say that even greater improvements than those which have been mentioned will be made in the future. The conditions brought about bv the great World War resulted in luany l)etterments in the industry that are bound to remain permanently, and many other improveiuents will surely follow. 18 ■H. CHAPTER II > JUDICIOUS ADVERTISING FOR PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS *- ts^sc -!► HILE glancing over the pages of a big daily newspaper the writer's attention was attracted by a full-page display advertisement which was unusual in several ways. First, it was a handsome piece of typography, exceptionally well arranged, and having plenty of white space between the type- matter and border on all sides. Second, a number of illustrations were incorporated with the reading matter — illustrations of ship- ping containers made of corrugated paper board. Third, the copy- matter was exceedingly interesting, telling about the great utility of the shipping containers referred to. and cxi)laining the advertisers' facilities for making paper-board containers of all kinds. The main reason why this advertisement was unusual was be- cause of it being a full-page newspaper display advertisement of a paper box manufacturing concern. We do not often see advertise- ments of this kind in the daily news])a])ers. Why? Simply for the reason that paper box manufacturers in general have not yet awak- ened to the wonderful possibilities of newspaper advertising, but the time is soon coming when ne\\s])aper and magazine advertisements of paper box makers will be (juite ninnerous. The display advertisement referred to was placed b)' one ot the nationally-known paper box mamifacturing firms, a concern that has been utilizing newspaper space for some time ])ast, and it goes with- out saying that this ])ublicity is helping to boost the sales of ])a])er- board shipping containers in many new fields. Manufacturers, mer- chants, storekee|)ers and business men in general, all read the daily newspapers, and when they see an out-of-the-ordinary advertise- ment in the news|)aj)ers in re the economy of fibre shi])i)ing contain- ers, they are bound to be interested. One day the writer was talking with the head of a large manufac- turing concern when the fact was mentioned that this concern is now using fibre containers for sliii)ping its product instead of the old- fashioned wooden boxes which that firm has been using for many 19 Sail's Siicfgcstiuns for Paper Box Manufacturers years past. This is pr()l)ahiy only one of many similar cases where manufacturers are now utilizing paper-hoard shipping containers in place of wooden hoxes. But, think of the vast field that still remains for the manufacturers of paper boxes ! Powerful propaganda on the l)art of the box-makers in general is certain to place countless num- bers of paper boxes in entirely new fields. \Vc' arc not s])eaking merely of fibre ship])ing containers — we refer to all kinds of pajjer boxes, from the smallest-size \)\\\ l)()x to the largest-size solid fibre container. Judicious advertising is what the average i)a])er l)ox manufacturer needs more than anything else. The pa])er l)()x makers, as a class, have not been advertising in the same pro])ortion as manv of the other manufacturers in various lines are advertising. I low often do you see a ])aper Ijox manufacturer's adverti.sement in a standard maga- zine, in a daily newspaper, or on a billboard? Three of the large manufacturing stationery firms of Thiladelphia are using big painted signs for the publicity of their l)usiness. These signs are of extra- large size; are attractively painted in colors, and are .set uj) at ])rom- inent points on the main streets of the city. Some of these signs are brilliantly illuminated with electric lights at night. Now it a manufacturing stationer can use ])ainted sign ])ul)licit\- to advantage, so can a ])a])er box manufacturer. Things like corru- gated and solid libre shij)ping containers can l)e pictured as well on billboards, or ])ainted signs, as blank books or other stationerv spe- cialties. The business man who buys commercial stationer\- should also be a good prospect for ])aper-board ci)ntainer>. Keallv, the larger manufacturers of paper boxes .should devote close studv to the question of bill-board ])ublicitv. -A. recent issue of a well known moiUhU- adxertising magazine con- tained more than a dozen ful]-])age display advertisements of ])rint- ing concerns, about the same number of the same size advertisemenrs of paper manufacturers, and a large number of other full-page dis- l)lay advertisements re])resenting ])hoto-cngravers, advertising agen- cies, lithographers, commercial arti.sts, newsi)ai)er ])ul)lishers, etc. In the entire collection was only one advertisetuent of a ])aper box manu- facturing firm, but this happened to be an attractive "double-spread." handsomely illustrated, and having reading matter of the most inter- esting kind. Does it not seem strange that only one ])a])er box manufacturing concern was represented in the advertising pages of that magazine — a publication which is widely circulated among die leading Inisiness hou.ses of the United States? Mind, more than a dozen printing firms alone were featured in that journal, but only one. lone i)a])er 20 Judicious Advertising fur Paper Box Mannfacturcrs l)ox making company! Surely, this does not look well for the paper box industry as a whole. There is no reason at all why the paper box manufacturers should not use "printed salesmanship" in the same ])roportion as printers, paper manufacturers, photo-engravers, and others of the allied print- ing trades, ^'es. the time has arrived when the larger i)a])er box manufacturer must consider all the various advertising medimns now being used by manufacturers in other lines, including the lollowing: Trade Journal Advertising. Business Magazine Advertising. News])a])er Advertising. Poster and vSign Advertising. Direct-by-mail Advertising. Remembrance Advertising. Moving Picture .Advertising. In these da\s when a larger manufacturer of ])ackage goods is l)laiming a national advertising campaign for his product, particular attention is devoted to subjects like folding boxes, cartons, fancy ])a])er boxes, and shi])ping containers. What kind of container> will the manufacturer decide upon for his new ])roduct it he has never seen a ])ai)er concern's advertisement? l'ossibl\- he ma\- decide upon (//a.sw jars, or //';/ boxes, for the merchandise, and xeoodcii boxes for the ship])ing containers. The paper box manufacturer should l)e in a ])osition to of^er other manufacturers exi)ert advice on every phase of ])ackage merchandis- ing, and this service should be em])hasized in all the box-maker's advertising. 'Phis advertising should be placed in trade journals, business magazines, newspapers, etc.. and should be ])lanned lo catch the attention of manufacturers, merchants, jobbers, dealers, adver- tising specialists, and ;ill others who are interestt'd in i)a])t'r boxes of anv variety. IXSI'IR.AI ION Nor Il.AKl) K) FIND There are so manv good things to say about ])aper boxe> that it is a comparatively easy matter to write an attractive, alluring adver- tisement about them. iMir exam])le. it does not re([uire a stretch of the imagination to write truthfully about the great economy and utility of corrugated, or solid fibre shii)ping containers. .And, when it comes to writing an advertisement about the selling (jualities of beautiful set-uj) paper boxes, one does not have to seek hard for in- spiration. Paper boxes of all kinds are a(la])ted to the most attrac- tive kind of (lis])lay advertising — more so than many other lines of ]>ro(luct which are being constantly and nalitinall\- advertised. 21 Sales Siicjcjt'stions for Paper Box Manitfactiirfrs ' O ir X . I 1 1 i g 1 1 1 ;'r5£ ^ :;■* Sl^ u s ~ ■S- j; i; p 5 p «c •-£. c Est. S €5 . 3 E t 3 S 2 „ it- •S » £ $i % E E 2' f"i .Si III I J^i' E O £ 5 i E I g = ■ f £ g : • 5 » s s I I £ s. 1 ^ ■0 c c ; •< E i = a g i ■s „ o. S T3 £ c. Z ^ i o i o a 3 u £ 2 u ^ § =H E 5 j ^ 4 c n J o "O -Q ._ 'I I I I ■ 2 E. = S O « " E '. X- S ° 1 -^ 2^ !S „ ^ .£ ^- - :; §■•5? M ^ 3 C ^ raS;xi:sf?o'a' c — CO !E An impressive "clouble-spread" display advertisement of a nationally known paper box manufacturing concern, which appeared in a recent issue of a prominent business magazine. 22 Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Alaniifactiirers We are not losing sight of the fact the many manufacturers of paper l)Oxes are advertising their prochict in trade journals such as those devoted to the confectionery industry, textiles, drugs, hosiery. etc. Some of the candy magazines seem to he overcrowded with box-makers' advertising, and many of the advertisements are beau- tifully illustrated in colors, featuring lectures of fancy candy boxes. This class of advertising has long proved its value to the box manu- facturers who are making use of it. but it is a medium of printed salesmanship that ought to be extended to many other trade journals in other fields. For instance, why would it not be a good plan for certain paper box manufacturers to advertise in the printing trade journals? Many Announcing Our New Line o UR new line embracing the latest in fancy candy boxes, also a complete line of folding candy boxes, bon bon cups, candy bags, sundae cups, paper doilies, gold seals, labels, etc. \ :\\\ ^TYir? The Pictorial Paper Products Corporation GENERAL OFFICES. AURORA. ILL An interesting double-column display advertisement of a paper box manufacturing firm, which api)eared in a recent issue of a magazine devoted to candy manufacturers. ])rinters |)ack letterheads ruid other ])rinte(l matter in paper boxes. Many of the large printing concerns are using corrugated, or solid fibre shi])ping c(.ntainers. The great majority of printers, however, seem to be tollowing the ancient method ot 1)nndling printed matter witli ordinary wrapping ])a])er and twine, and here is a big ()])por- tunily for the ])aper box manufacturers to do some desirable propa- ganda work. One. only one. advertisement of a ]:)aper box concern was noticed in the trade journals devoted to the tobacco field. It was a remarkably- good adverti.sement in every ])articular. incorporating illustrations which show the time-saving advantages of corrugated filjre shipping cases. The text matter ex]:)lained how tobacco manufacturers can reduce their sliipping ex])enses. prevent I)reakage of package goods. 23 Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Mauufaclurcrs Is the small retail candy maker going to put the large manufacturing con- fectioner out o^ the package goods business ? Manufacturers of package goods depending up- on National distribution must either sell their goods over the retail counter at 60c a pound or go out o^ the package goods business. UNLESS The package that sells for $1,50 is so vastly SU' perior to the 60c package in appearance, that it will be worth $1.50 to the buyer. will sell your candy for you at $1.50 per pound R. C. TAFT CO., 223 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago \n interest ins lull page adverti.sement which ai)peartd in a candy-trarte magazine. 24 Judicious Jdvt'rtisiny for Paper Box Maniifcictiircrs and avoid pilfering claims by using filire containers instead of wooden boxes. This is the kind of advertising that brings inquiries and creates sales. A number of ])aper box manufacturers are specializing in suit boxes for merchant tailors, ready-made clothing concerns, depart- ment stores, retail clothiers, women's wear specialty sho])s. dress- makers, etc. The merchant tailors, for example, could be "reached" by display advertising placed in the trade journals devoted exclusively to their business, and the other interests mentioned could be "talked to" with advertising placed in trade magazines devoted to their par- ticular fields. Here is an o})])ortunity for the box-makers to advocate the use of a higher quality' of suit boxes thaia those which are now being used in most instances. Here. also, is a wonderful o])])ortunity for the pa])er l)ox luen to conduct direct-bv-mail advertising campaigns, designed to appeal to merchant tailor>. dressmakers, dealers in ready-made clothing, and others engaged in the clothing business. The direct-I)y-mail adver- tising mav include booklets, folders, form-letters, mailing cards and miniatm"e sani])les of the kinds of suit boxes referred to in the adver- tising matter. Ivach ])iece of advertising literature should follow soon after another. sa\- at monthly intervals. \\ hile the advertising- campaign is on in full swing, personal calls should be ma. The custom among milliners of placing an exi)ensive hat in a common paper bag is gradually passing, and il is now regarded as good taste on the ])art of a milliner when she ])nls a woman's bonnet in an artistic paper box. The large-size, round pajjcr boxes, covered with decorative ])a])er of ])rett\- colored patterns, are becoming more l)op- ular every day. .\ s])lendid opportunitN' here for some ])aper box manufactmx'rs to inaugm-ate a live-wire advertising cam])aign among the milliners. Attractive booklets, folders and mailing-cards can be made to ])ut the box-maker's message "across" to excellent advantage. Doubtless man\- of the luilliners who are now putting bonnets in paper bags can easil\- be persuaded to order su])])lies of high grade liat boxes. Dis])lay advertising in the milliners' trade magazines can also be made to sell (piantities of decorated ])aper hat boxes. Xot long ago the writer studied the pages of a well-known busi- ness magazine which circulates exclusively among the whoU'sale drug 25 Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Mannfaclitrcrs Bisler's Built Best Boxes 49 Years G.A.BISLER.'Ic BEST CANDY BOXES Quality ^^'^ Service Plants in Three (Cities at ^ Our Ser\ice UKSIGNING and PROOIJCING DISTINCTIN K and POIHI.AR CANDY BOXHS <;KNKRAI. OFFICFS .and main PLANT: 245.55 Norih r,,|, Str«i PHILADELPHIA NEW ■iORK KACrORV: PITTSKCRGII FACTORY: (iO-S2 ^Va^hinKloll Strtct 3rd Avtiiut and Rom Slreel BROOKLYN, N. V. PI ITSBL'RGH, I'ENNA. QUALLFY rilAT corN rs SERVICE riiAr SA IISFIES Good example of a jjuper box advertisement which aiJiieared in a business magazine. 26 Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Manufacturers trade. This journal carried a large amount of display advertising, and tucked away in one corner of a page was a small-size advertise- ment concerning folding boxes, cartons and pill and powder boxes. This was the only paper box advertisement in the entire magazine, and it was not interesting enough to accomplish much in the way of real sales work. Manufacturers of drugs and pharmaceutical preparations are using vast quantities of pill boxes, powder boxes, folding boxes, cartons, set-up boxes and shipjjing containers, and the demand for these lines is constantly increasing. In this field, particularly, the tendency is towards a better quality of paj^er boxes, and the box manufacturers themselves can help to further this tendency by advertising better- quality paper boxes in the trade magazines circulating among the wholesale pharmaceutical field. It is a field, in fact, that is open for a strong, direct-by-mail advertising campaign — a campaign designed to increase the demand for more attractive folding boxes, cartons, n j)ill boxes, and so forth. The magazines devoted to the jewelry trade contain ])ractically no advertising al)()ut pa])er boxes, and yet the more than 35.000 retail jewelers of the United States are large users of paper boxes of the set-up variety. Many of the smaller-size paper boxes, used for hold- ing scarf-jiins, bar-pins, society emblems, and other kinds of jewelry, are of excellent quality, and are consumed in large numbers. The large-size set-u]) boxes are general]}- used in the "gift (le])artment" of a jewelrv store, holding things like cut-glass, siK-erwari'. clocks, fancv china, and smokers' articles. The retail jewelry trade presents an in\iling field for any paper box manufacturer who is in a position to cater to tliat trade, and who will advertise his ])roduct in a way (hat will ap])eal to jewelers. The jewelry magazines offer an advertising medium which should not be overlooked by the ])aper Ixix makers. Direct-by-mail adver- tising literature, illustrating beautiful set-up boxes suitable tor jew- elry and accessories, should also hv distributed among the jewelry trade. MoviNc; picrrKi". .\in iki ising Moving ])icture .advertising could be used to advantage by some of the paper box manufacturers who are oi)erating model ])lants. The idea would be to have moving ])ictures taken of the various departments of the ])lant. sliowing the many ditTerent operations necessary to produce set-up boxes, folding boxes, fibre shipping containers, etc. "The Making of a Candy l>ox" would serve as a title for a moving picture reel ])hotographed in a factory devoted to 27 Sales Suyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers the manufacture of candy l)Oxes. Other interesting pictures of this class could he taken, designed to interest candy manufacturers, hosiery manufactin-ers and others who ])uy pajjcr hoxes for their products. Camel Cartons Cut backing CoSt, Sejton Fixed it So Ifo Times loft These scienlifically ilfsiKncd carl(in> >ave unluld mil- lions of hand operations at the Camel Cigarette Kar- tory every year Millions of these Camel cartons made and printed by Seflon in l)eautiful colors and perfect register i>rove the ability and dependability of Sefton service The next time yuu are thinking of folding carton- or corrugated shipping cases, there is just one thing to do — In thi- field »e ^rM' R. I Reynolils Company Wtyman Brulon Company Liegett t Meyet Tobacco Co Independent Snuff Company Spaulding t Merrick P Lorrillard Company, Inc. Geo W Helm Company We make lolding Meat Products Coffee. Tea, Si Butler, Ice Crc rugaled ,hip|ii Sendjor SEFTON Botllei Clothing Flower. Millmery Bread, Cake SEFTON MANUFACTURING CORPORATION. 1301 W 35th Street. Chicago— Also Anderson, Ind . and Brooklyn, N. Y A beautiful display advertisement, exploiting paper cartons for cigarettes, which appeared recently in a business magazine. 28 Judicious Advfrtisinij for Paper Box Manufacturers A moving picture of the kind suggested could be staged as an in- structive feature at a National or State convention of a business association, like the National Confectioners' Association, for ex- ample. The motion picture could also be shown along with other entertainment features at meetings, banquets and outings of busi- ness associations. In certain instances, a reel of this character could be show at local moving picture theatres as a general education proposition. It is safe to say that the average person would enjoy seeing a motion ])icture showing the various operations in a paper box factory. ADVKR'IISINC; Willi DISPLAYS AF CONVENTIONS Some of the leading manufacturers of pai)er boxes have adopted the plan of arranging attractive exhil)its of their products at national conventions of l)usiness associations, like the National Confectioners' Association, and these exhibits have always proved successful from an advertising standpoint. The exhibits are arranged in booths and Ijeautiful samples of ])aper boxes are featured, also samples of wraps, ribbons, and other decorative materials. Merelv by way of suggestion, it might be a good ])lan for a paper box manufacturer to install a miniature box-making plant in con- nection with one of the exhibits referred to. Why not a couple of cutting and creasing ])resses running in actual operation, and turn- ing out folding boxes or cartons? Certainly, an "industrial show" of this character would attract crowds of conventionites and would prove exceptionally interesting. It would also be practicable to have a small plant installed for making tine quality set-up boxes, in which case the blanks could be cut, scored and cornered in the reg- ular ])lant, onl\' the sta\ing and covering being done in the minia- ture factory. S()itvp:nir ADVKKrisixc; At a recent convention of candy manufacturers a number of paper box concerns distributed souvenirs consisting of beautiful paper boxes filled with fine confections, paper weights in the form of a miniature l)ronze Liberty Bell, sets of colored box wraps, memoran- dum books. telei)hone message pads, loose-leaf note books, folding rulers, blue pencils, and Eversharp pencils. At a banquet of the same Association additional souvenirs were given out by paper box manufacturers, including "Pal" pencils, fancy paper boxes filled with chocolates, pen and pencil holders for desks, unicjue paper weights and cigars tied with colored ribbons. (u)od-will advertising of this variety is always acceptable and is appreciated bv tlie recipients. The average conventionite thinks more 29 Sales Siigycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers of a useful souvenir than he or she thinks of something more ex- pensive, and the paper box manufacturers should pay more atten- tion to this class of advertising. Here is a couple of suggestions for souvenirs to be distributed at some big banquet: For the ladies, a beautiful, round, decorated paper box in the form of a work-box, filled with first quality bon bons. For the men, an odd-shaped, deco- rated paper box containing either good cigars or cigarettes. The manufacturers of fancy set-up boxes are naturally in a position to PIONEERS^ .EST I8T5 v r ^ y ^ w A y ^ y ^ T ^ W A W w y ^ y A ^^^ ^^ T & N -^^^ ^^^^w^w^y^w ^ T ^ W A T A W ^ y ^ w TELEPHONE ^'^^^^ MAIN 6500 CELLULAR CASES AND FOLDING CORRUGATED FIBRE BOXES Parcel Post and Shipping Containers For Freight and Express Everything of Corrugated Paper Corrugated Paper Cellular Board Carpet Lining Cellular Folding Freight Boxei Cellular Expreu Boxe< Bottle Packing Bottle Wrappers Bottle Boxes Silk Wrappers Inflexible Envelopes Photo Mailers Mailing Tubes Corrugated Combination Boxes Sq. Cornered Corrugated Carton Standard Sizes Car Stock THE THOMPSON &NORRIS CO. M.in Offic e and Work CONCORD & PRINCE STS. BROOKLYN, N. Y. Other F.c.orie. Boston, Mais- Brookv lie, Ind. Montreal, Csnsda Toronto, Csnadd London England The ideal box, combining the greatest strength with the lightest weight. Made of the T. & N. Cellular Board f,.9^W^W^W^W^9^W^W^W.W^W^WM.^^W^^jiWSWS^, This advertisement, which was featured in a prominent trade journal, was declared to have been fruitful of profitable returns. 30 Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Manufacturers invent gift l)oxes of original styles which could he sold to other manufacturers who may desire to distrihute such articles as souvenirs at conventions, l)anquets. outings, etc. REMEMBRANC E ADVERTISING Rememhrance advertising includes ])rinted matter such as pic- torial wall calendars, desk calendars, illuminated wall cards, hlotters, illuminated greeting cards, pencils, rulers, hook-marks, memorandum books, paper weights, and other useful novelties of this group. In numerous instances, the box manufacturers can produce these things in their own printing departments. Send the novelties to your cus- tomers and prospectives, and you are bound to gain compensation. 31 -^ CHAPTER III ]H*- UTILITY OF BEAUTY IN SET-UP BOXES -i«^Ri^ X \hv llud^on Ki\cr rt'cenlly onv of the great trans- atlantic liners was j)rei)aring to sail for I'^rance. Excited passengers were hnrrying aboard, and on the docks was a crowd of men. women and children awaiting to bid farewell to relatives and friends. It was an old and comnwnplace scene, and yet there is always something intensely interesting in watching a steamshi]) start otT on a long voyage. There is always an element of sadness in the pictnre. too. Among the last-minnte ])assengers to reach the main deck of the vessel was a beautifnl young woman of the dashing American type. In one hand she carried a big bunch of roses, and under her right arm was a pretty ])a])er box; heart shaped, covered with decorative paper, and tied with blue silk ribbon. Slowly the boat steamed down the river on its way to the Atlantic Ocean while the ])assengers stood upon the decks waving handkerchiefs, hats and other articles. The ])retty girl referred to seemed to stand out more ])rominently than most of the other travelers. She occupied a graceful i)ositi()n at the railing, and as the boat gained speed she was seen to ])lace the heart- shai)ed paper box on the railing: o])en the lid. take out a piece of candy, and as she ate the piece of candy she lifted up the paper box and wa\ed it towards a certain young man standing on the wharf. It was a moving ])icture story without any words being necessary; The young man on the wharf had evidently given the girl that box of sweetmeats, and from all indications, she thought more of that gift than any of the other things in her possession at that time. It was a striking example of the utility of a beautiful ])a])er box. Doubt- less that girl took that gift box along with her to bVance. and ])rob- ably brought it back home when she returned. That ])a])er box by reason of its l)eauty was useful in more than one way. It was useful in helping the confectioner sell several pounds of expensive candy; it was useful in assisting the young man to show his regard for the girl; it was useful in making the girl happy on her long journey, and 32 Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes now, doubtless, the b(jx is still useful as a work-l)ox. jewelry case, or general utility box. In the average home can usually be found a lumiber of attractive paper boxes of the set-up type which originally had been used for holding candy, writing paper, linen collars, jewelry, toilet articles, neckties, handkerchiefs, stockings, hats, or other articles of merchan- dise. Women, particularly, delight in saving paper boxes of these Candy Box. Heart-shape, shouldered, e.xtension top and bottom, two Sold trims. Padded top covered with lithographed jiaper jjicturing beautitul flowers in colors. (By .lesse .Jones Paper lio.x Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.) kinds, and such containers are often used to advantage long after the original contents of the boxes liave In-en consumed. Every woman treasures beautiful i)aper boxes of the kinds that are used for hold- ing fine varieties of confectionery, and many a girl thinks more of such a box than she does of the candy in it. The utility of beautiful ])aper l)oxes is demonstrated every morn- ing on trains and trolley cars in the cities. Numerous women can be seen on the trains or trolleys using attractive pai)er boxes as lunch containers, work baskets, etc. The round and oval .shapes of .set-up boxes are exceedingly jxtpular with the tair sex as work- holders for knitting, embroidery and sewing. 'iMiese boxes usually 33 Sales Sucjgcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers come in 2-pound, 3-ixnind and 5-poiind sizes, and as a rule, are covered with lithographed paper having flower patterns in colors. THE BOX manufacturer's OPPORTUNITY TO SELL Never were there more favoral)le opportunities for the paper hox manufacturers to sell new ideas in paper hoxes than at the present time. The candy manufacturing held is jiarticnlarlv inviting, and Candy Box. Hexagon, shouldered, dome ioyi. (extension top and bottom, two gold trim.?. covered with white laid paijei. Beautiful floral design handpainted on top of lid. (By Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) there are many other promising fields including those devoted to stationery, writing paper, collars, handkerchiefs, garters, suspenders, jewelry, toilet articles, rul)l)er goods, face powders, and neckwear. Only a few of the hig fields for set-up paper hox manufacturers have heen mentioned in the ahove paragraph, hut enough have heen quoted to illustrate the point that new styles of stiff hoxes are con- stantly in demand. One of the largest candy manufacturing con- cerns in the world is now using more than 200 different styles of paper boxes for marketing its various lines of confections, and at frequent intervals, this concern is adding other new styles of set-up boxes to its already large assortment. Another well-known candy 34 Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes manufacturer is using nearly 50 different styles of paper l)oxes, and is continually planning additional numbers. Progressive manufacturers of package goods are always in the market for new and beautiful styles of paper l)oxes, and when some- thing exceptionally attractive in the way of a set-up box is offered, these manufacturers will not hesitate in buying it. The package goods field is so vast that it offers rich opportunities for every good box maker to develop new business, and it is a field that is growing larger every day. What the package goods manufacturers want and need more than anvthing else today is beautiful paper boxes — not "fiashy" paper boxes, but the kind that are aesthetically beautiful. We are not say- ing a word against the flashy styles of paper boxes, for they have their particular, use like everything else that is flashy in appearance. But we are speaking of the kinds of package goods which are de- signed to appeal to the refined class of liuyers. To sell goods of this character to the right ])e()ple it is necessary to pack the goods in beau- tiful paper boxes. There is quite a number of tilings which go to make a paper box beautiful, including the shape of the box, the quality of the paper products used in its construction, the design of the wra])per. the stvle of the printed matter on the box to]), and the decorative fea- tures, such as the ribbon, glassine i)aper. seals, string, etc. Vou can easily spoil the beauty of a shapely ])ai)er box by putting on a ribbon f)f the wrong color. A'ou can also make a 1»ox look cheap l)y trim- ming it with too much decorative material. ( )riginal designs for fancy paper boxes sliould be prepared by persons who thoroughly understand the principles of art. The time has come for ])a])er box manufacturers to sell beautiful set-up boxes for all kinds of package goods. Tlie plain, low-priced paper boxes are no longer in strong demand. HOW ONE BOX MANUFACTURER HELPI.l) A CONFECTIONER INCREASE SALES (3ne of the larger confectionery firms liaving a national distriliu- tkm of expensive brands of chocolates had been ex])eriencing difii- cultv in moving some of its fine package goods. This same line of chocolates had sold easily and heavily during the i)eriod of the World War. but soon after the war had closed the sales of these products rapidly diminished. The candy packages in question were in half- pound, one-])ound and two-pound sizes, and the line was carried in first-class drug stores, grocery stores, and other retail estal)lishments. 35 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Alanitfacturers Many of the retail dealers began complaining to the confectionery firm about the goods being" hard to sell. In many instances the re- tailers returned packages that had remained on the shelves for months and demanded fresh goods in exchange for the old. Sev- eral of the retailers declared that the package goods referred to were Candy I!ox. Oblong, telescope type, extension top and bottom, covered with far.cy litho graphed and embossed paper. Padded top. Beautiful medallion in rich colors and gold attached to top of lid. (By ,Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) not as attractive as some of the other lines of boxed candy on the market, and for that reason these dealers refused to place additional orders for the slow-selling line. Said one ])rominent retailer to the general manager of the confectionery concern at fault: "It reallv does not pay me to handle your line of boxed goods as the sales are too slow. The (juality of your chocolates is excellent; I have no complaint to make on that score, but the packages are not .sufficiently attractive, 'inhere is the 'X' line, and the 'D' line. Both are .selling actively, and at higlier prices than your goods. Why? Because thev are packed in handsome packages. I know what I am talking al)out. b'very day 1 see j^eople enter the store. i)ass by the (lis])lav of vour goods, and then stop to buy either an 'X' or a 'D' Candy Box. Oblong, shouldered, extension top and bottom, covi iid with fine white laid paper. Padded top and beautiful design hand-painted on top of lid. Two white satin ribbons and double bows on top of lid. (By Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) 36 Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes package. Use attractive paper l)oxes for your chocolates and you will help us retailers to sell more of your product." It was the hlunt statement of that dealer that finally persuaded the confectionery firm to seek the advice of a certain paper hox manu- facturer who had earned a reputation for making exceptionally fine candy hoxes. This hox expert listened to the confectioner's tale of woe. and after a conference in regard to ])rices. time of delivery and other matters, the hox man promised to have a numher of samples ready by the following morning. The new samjjles, which were ready at the time mentioned, were real works of art. There were several standard sizes, and all of the sizes were made in the same style: Low. oblong; shouldered: wide extension top and bottom, padded toj) ; covered with Xile green ])a])er having an embossed, all-over pattern ; two gold edges. Tlie name of the chocolates was to be die-stamped in gold on the box to]), and the box was tied with silk ri])])on of the same shade of green as that of the covering paper. Tlie ribl)on was tied across the lid on an angle leaving a medium-size bow on toj) of the ])added lid at one end. So well pleased with these samples was the general manager of the confectionery firm that he immediately ordered large cpiantities of the various sizes. \\ ithin a month after the new style boxes had been delivered they were being packed and s]ii])])e(l. The retailers were delighted with the beautiful i)ackages. and they were not slow in arranging them in attractive window and store exhibits. Sales of the goods immediately increased, and soon the candy manufacturers were handling double the amount of business that they had been doing in the jiast. The entire problem of s])eeding u]) sales had been solved by the use of beautiful ])aper bo.xes. The writer was recently engaged in conversation with a well known druggist who is conducting one of those remarkal)le "general stores" where you can buy almost anything from a ])ostage stam]) to an electric cooking utensil. 'Phis druggist carries among manv otlier tilings a complete assortment of boxed candy, and he reported that the deiuand for attractive ])ackage goods is constantl\- growing. He recently bouglit a new stock of fine hard candies packed in decor.'ited pa])er boxes of artistic design. Window and store displavs of the new stock were arranged. In three days' titue more than loo of those packages were sold. 'Tt was i)robably the colored silk riblion on the boxes that helped to sell the candy so rapidly." laughed the ajjothecary. "The public certainly 'fall" for a little ])it of color." 37 Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Maniifactiirfrs CABINET BOXES FOR FINE WRITING PAPER Among the most accei)tal)le gifts for any intelligent man or woman is a cabinet box of writing paper, envelopes and correspondence cards. Fine writing paper is now being made in many ditTerent tints with envelopes and correspondence cards to match each tint. The paper, envelopes and cards are neatly packed in beautiful ])aper boxes, many of them being as large as i8x 12 inches, and equipped with hinged lids. Some of the larger manufacturers of writing paper are sjiecializ- ing in the j)roduction of the finest grades of boxed stationerv, and Candy Box. Square with round corners ; dome top, extension top and bottom, three gold trims. Covered with lithographed paper picturing flowers in colors. (By Jesse Jones Paper Bo.\ Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) many of the cabinet sets sell at retail for as high as $25 each. Pape- teries of this variety are sold in jewelry stores, stationery stores, art shops, drug stores, etc. In some instances the dealer's busines card is die-stamped on the box tops. Many of the j^aper boxes used for the cabinet .sets of writing paper are tied with satin ribbons. Paper boxes of this type are often covered with tinted paper to match the tint of the paper in the box, and the ribbons are of the same color. ()ne exceedingly attractive box was lined with shell-pink paper and was covered with rose-pink paper containing an embos.sed 38 Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes all-over pattern that suggested a basket-weave. The edges of the box and lid were trimmed with white glazed paper. The box w'as tied with narrow, rose-pink silk ribbon, leaving two rosettes on top of the lid. Another box of this same design and tint had a large-size ribbon bow on top of the lid. Other cabinet boxes were covered with delicately-tinted papers such as turquoise Ijlue. primrose, sea-green, corn, pearl-grey, cream and fawn. The dainty appearance of these boxes can easily be imag- ined. Papeteries of this magnitude appeal to the discriminating class of buyers, and are a])propriate for numerous gift occasions. The larger-size cabinet boxes are usually fitted with partitions, forming compartments for holding the various sizes of writing ])aper. envelopes and correspondence cards. In some cases are also com- partments for holding pens, pencils and blotters. Manufacturers of set-up paper boxes can readily make cabinets, or cases, of the kinds described in this article. Many of the leading stationers, as well as the manufacturers of writing paper, are always in the market for new-style pa])er ])oxes of this group. Beautiful cabinets of original designs can be sold in large quantities in the right field. It is a field, of course, that needs to be cultivated. The field for regular writing pa])er l)oxes is still larger. We refer to the telescopic style of boxes, size about () x 7}^ x 2 inches — the kind that is largely sold in department stores, drug stores and sta- tionery shops. Many of these boxes have telesco])e lids covered with fancy lithographed pa])er featuring colored ])ictures of pretty girls' heads, landscapes, marines and other ])leasing subjects. Large numbers of box-tojis are of tinted glazed pajx'r. and contain die- stamped designs instead of pictures. The better grades of boxes are lined with white paper. The die-stamped designs are usually done in several colors, although some are done in gold, silver, or a single color. \\ riting ])ai)er boxes offer the I)()X trade unlimited opportunities for introducing new effects in wrappers. ])ictures, embossed designs, and colors. The offset process of lithography is especially adapted to art color work for ]xi])er box wra])pers. including reproductions of oil paintings and water colored pictures. DE l.VXE PAPER B().\ES FOR FINE CONFECTIONS Practically all of the larger confectioners are using de luxe paper boxes for their highest grades of products, and the majority of the smaller manufacturing confectioners are also using boxes of this class for the convenience of their retail trade. We refer to beautiful 39 Sales Siiiiijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers art boxes, of various odd shapes, and made in two-, three- and five- I)Ound sizes. The shapes inckide round, oval, hexagon, octagon, heart and diamond. Boxes of this variety are packed by the kirger candy manufacturers and are then shipped to jobbers and retailers. The smaller manufac- turing confectioners, who oi)erate their own retail stores in addition to selling goods wholesale, generally use the de luxe boxes as calls for them come in their stores. The em|)ty boxes are kept in cabinets (.'aiKly Box. Oval, shouldered, dome top. e.xtension top and bottom, lour gold edges. Beautiful design of roses hand-painted on top of lid and covered with pink paper of a delicate tint. (By Jesse .Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) and show cases, and whenever an order is received for a special gift occasion, one of the art boxes is selected and is filled with fresh sweets. The buyer pays an extra sum. over the regular price of the candy, for the box. The de luxe boxes make exceedingly attractive window and store displays for confectioners, and are appropriate for numerous gift occasions in addition to the great holidays of Christmas. New Year. St. Valentine's Day, Easter and Thanksgiving Day. Some of the leading paper box manufacturers, who s])ecialize in the production of de luxe candy boxes, have quantities of popular numbers made up during slack periods in their factories, and have them put into stock ready for immediate delivery as orders come. There is a steady demand from the confectionery trade for the finest kinds of art boxes, principally in the two-, three- and five-pound sizes. Some time ago the writer enjoyed the privilege of visiting the plant of a nationally-known paper box manufacturing concern that is mak- ing a specialty of fine candy boxes. Several departments of this plant 40 Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes are devoted exclusively to the production of de luxe candy l)oxes, and the writer spent consideral)le time in these departments where he saw the actual processes of making art hoxes of many ditlerent varieties. Among the most heautiful numhers were the following : Three-])ound square with round corners ; shotildered ; dome top ; three gold rims. Covered with lithographed paper picturing flowers in heautiful colors. Extension top and hottom. Three-pound heart-shape : shouldered ; dome top ; extension top and bottom gold trimmed. Covered with lithographed paper illus- trating orchids in natural colors. Two-pound oblong ; telescope type ; extension top and hottom ; ])added top ; covered with fancy lithographed and embossed paper. Beautiful medallion in rich colors and gold attached to the to]i of the lid. Three-pound oblong; shouldered: padded top; extension top and bottom; covered with heavy white laid pa])er ; hand-painted spray of flowers on top of lid. Top trimmed with two white satin ribbons and double bows. Five-pound oval; shouldered; dtime top; foiu" gold trims; cov- ered with ])ink paper of a delicate tint; beautiful picture of roses hand-i)ainted on to]) of the lid. Three-pound hexagon; shouldered; dome top; extension top and jjottom; four gold trims; covered with white laid jiaper ; beautiful de- sign of flowers hand-])ainted on top of the lid. Two-poimd round; shouldered; doiue top; four gold edges; cov- ered with lithographed ])a|)er ])icturing an all-o\er ])attern of flowers in ])leasing colors. Illustrations of these seven difterent numl)ers are shown on images ^<'^- ?>3- 34- 3'^*- 3'^- 4^^ 'I'l'l 4-- Only a few of the man\- different kinds of candy ])oxes being manufactured b\- ibc firm referred to have been mentioned. ])ut the brief descriptions will give the reader an idea of the s])len(lid work being done by this concern. All of the larger-size ])a])er ])oxes. and those having odd sha])es like the heart, hexagon and S(|uare with round corners, for example, are made entirely by hand. Special forms are utilized for making sha])es like the round, oval, heart, hexa- gon and octagon. The covering is done I)\' women wlio have bad long experience in this ])articular line of work. The tops and bottoms for odd-shaped boxes like the heart, oval, round, sc^uare with round corners, diamond, etc., are ])ro(luced on a cutting and creasing jiress with cutting dies made of steel cutting rules. The shape of each die is marked and sawed in a |)iece of laminated board of the necessarv size. 'J'he sawing is done with a 41 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers power jig saw. The steel cutting rules are l)ent to tlie shapes desired and are then inserted in the crevices sawn in the laminated board. An extra-heavy doming press, heated by steam or electricity, is used for doming the tops for the larger size boxes. The tops are domed after the covering paper has been applied to them, so that the covering ])aper will l)e "ironed" smooth without showing wrinkles. The female die for a domed top is made of solid brass, and the male die. or counter die is made of any of the standard embossing com- pounds, like sodium silicate and carbonate of magnesia, for example. Candy Box. Round, sliouldered. dome top, extension top and bottom, three gold trims. Covered with lithographed paper having a beautiful all-over pattern of flowers in colors. (By .(esse .Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) Another method of doming tops for large-size paper boxes is as follows: After the boxes and lids have been covered and finished the boxes are laid out in rows on spacious tables. The lid for each l)ox is then inverted, and is laid upside dozm over the top edges of the box, A piece of muslin is dampened and is s]:)read over the inner side of the lid. A (juantity of fine l)uck-shot is then poured over the dampened piece of muslin inside the lid. The boxes and lids are then allowed to stand in this manner for several hours, the weight of the buck-shot causing each lid to dome as .shapely as though embossed with a male and female die on a hot press. 42 ••^>C CHAPTER IV }<>• ATTRACTIVENESS WILL SELL GOODS -»«^»t> WL'FACrL'KKRS of paper boxes in general have an ini])ortant mission to perform, a duty which strange to sav has not yet been recognized by some of the paper box makers. This mission is nothing less than that of sludving and solving the merchandising problems of other manufac- turers who are selling package goods. In fact, this mission even ex- tends to large numbers of manufacturers who are not yet putting package goods on the market. It is true, of course, that many of the leading manufacturers of paper boxes are helping to solve the merchandising ]:)roblems of candy makers, hosiery manufacturers, wholesale jewelers, stationers, and other manufacturers l)y supplying such concerns with the right kinds of paper boxes, but it is likewise true that some box producers are not following the business-building i)ractice of suggesting new ideas to customers and prospectives. It lies within the power of the average paper 1)()X manufacturer to create thousands of dollars worth of new business for the ])roducers of merchandise such as confectitniery, writing i)aper, haberdashery, toys, toilet articles, rubber-goods, jewelry, tobacco, cigars, cake, per- fumes, stockings, handkerchiefs, novelties, fountain pens, etc. Only a few of the most ])opular lines of merchandise have I)een named to illustrate the great variety of fields which are open to all paper box manufacturers. II ow may the ])a])er box manufacturer hel]:) all of these other manufacturers? P)y suggesting new ways of selling, and by furnishing attractive containers for the different kinds of mer- chandise. vSoiue of the leading paper l)ox concerns are constantly doing promotion work of this character. A SIMPI.I-: IDKA III.\r SOl.n tons of fink (WNDV One of the well known confectionery firms was recently visited by a progressive manufacturer of set-u]) ]:)aper boxes who had a business-building plan to present. The box man was ushered right 43 Sales Siigyest'wns for Paper Box Manufacturers into the private office of the head of the tnrm as soon as that gentle- man learned that the hox man had an idciv to offer. This idea was simple enough, and yet the candy manufacturer admitted tliat he had THE -HAREM GIRL" Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. never thought of it hefore, and he was not slow in recognizing its selling possibilities. Here is the idea referred to : Two attractive paper boxes, each of the one-pound size, were to l)e filled with sweet-meats, and then were to be packed in a ])lain. inexpensive pa]:)er box. the whole to 44 A ttractivcncss Jf^ill Sell Goods be sold at retail as a "special combination" at a tempting- price. Fo*- example, one of tbe attractive paper boxes contained a pound of assorted chocolates, and the other Ixsx contained a pound (»f l)on-bons. THE -WIXTER GARDEN GIRL" Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Uox Co., St. Louis, Mo. The "special conil)inati(ins," with the lids of the common contain- ers remc'.'ed temporarily, were to be displayed in tbe windows and sales-rooms of retail stores. The special offer was to ])e advertised in the newspapers, and the ])lan was to be tried out only in the larg-er towns and cities where thousands of jiersons are fre(|uently l)uying 45 Sales Suyycst'wns for Paper Box Alanufactitrers candy. The name of the confectionery concern referred to is na- tionally known for qnality. and this would make the special comhina- tion box have a particularly strong appeal to all classes of candy buyers. THE ■TEXTURY ROOF GIRL" Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. After the paper box expert had exhibited neat samples of the pro- posed styles of containers, and after he had minutely explained his selling idea, the candy man awarded him a large order for the three different kinds of boxes in question. Within the next three weeks 46 Attractiveness Will Sell Goods the special combination sets of packaged sweets were on display in retail stores of many large towns and cities. Several of the big department store concerns bonght extra heavy qnantities of the com- THK -PALAIS ROYAL GIKL" Carnival box top by tbi> .\L A. Urowii Pajier liox Co., St. Loui.-<. Mo. binations and featnred the sj)ccial offer in their dis])lav newspaper advertising. It is no exaggeration to say that the combinations sold like "hot cakes." Of course, the price of each comI)iiiati()n was modest, but every purchaser bought two l)oxes of candy instead of the usual ])ound-size l)ox, and this meant a (juick turn-over of many 47 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers thousands of dollars for the confectionery firm. Moreover, it was excellent advertising for the candy concern. The fine quality of its product is now known to thousands of persons who in the past had not heen Imying this particular hrand of confectionery. THE ■HIPPODROME GIRL' Carnival box-top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. The idea of packing two one-pound-size hoxes of candy in a ])lain paper hox is something new. and it is an idea that could be adopted by other manufacturing confectioners with profitable returns. The plain paper box protects the fancy paper boxes from possible injury 48 Attractiveness Ji^iU Sell Goods (luring- transit, and it also makes a neat and substantial package — a far JDCtter one than could be made by wrajiping two fancy paper boxes with ordinary wrapping paper. A NKW FIELD FOR PLAIN PAPER BOXES While the purpose of this chapter is to talk mainly about the selling qualities of beautiful pa])er boxes, yet we must not lose sight of the fact that the demand for plain paper boxes is constantly growing, and in luany instances the box manufacturers can make new business for themselves in this line by suggesting new uses for the ])lain i)aper boxes. At least a dozen of the larger manufacturing confectionery con- cerns are now using ])lain paper boxes as containers for their fine candv boxes. Every box of candy sent out by these firms is packed in a plain paj^er box of the necessary size. 'Phis is done, of course, to protect the edges, ribbons and wrap])ers of the fancy ])ai)er boxes. The plain jxiper boxes are made of a chea]) grade of ]:)ulpboard : the corners are strongly stayed, but no covering jjuper is a])])lied to them. A square-shape container of this kind is ust'd for holding a round, fancy box; an oblong is used for holding a fancy, oval box. The plain, oblong containers are also used for all styles ot fancy oblong boxes. The plain boxes are made in different sizes to ])rovide for all the different sizes of the fancy boxes. Anv paper box mamifacturer who is in a position to produce large quantities of the ])lain paper boxes should find it easy to gain orders for such boxes from manufacturing confectioners. In some cases it may l)e necessary to ])r()ve to a confectioner the advantage of packing; expensive paper boxes in plain ])a])er bo.xes. but it should not require a long argument. The retail dealers as well as the buyers of package candy will certainly appreciate the advantage of having beautiful paper bo.xes placed in substantial containers. ^Iany other lines of package goods, like writing pa])er for example, should be i:)rotected by phxm ]>ai)er boxes. The wholesaler or the manufacturer should supplv the retailers who handle their goods with the plain i)aper boxes to protect the fanc\' ])ackages. NEW FIELDS FOR AITRACI l\ E PAl'I.K BOXES Printers and lithographers to some extent ru"e using ])lain. set-up ]iaper boxes as containers for letter-heads, bill-heads, statements, business cards, etc. Usually. 500 letter-heads are i)acked in a box. Cards are also packed 500 in a box. It is a fact, however, that the majority of ])rinters and lithogra])hers are not using ])a])er bt)xes of any kind for their finished ])roduct. 49 Sales Siic/ycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers Why not attractive paper boxes for letter-heads, etc.? Good, sub- stantial boxes, covered with colored paper, and containing the print- er's or lithographer's business card on the lids? It remains for some progressive box salesman to visit the printers and lithographers and to boost the merits of attractive set-up paper boxes. The Delightful "Bruiutte" and 'Hlomle" Package of Stei)hen F. Whitman & Son. Inc., Philadelphia. Soft collars for the men folks are becoming more pojiular every day, especially during the hot weather season. All soft collars seem to be packed in indi\idual glassine envelopes. \\\\\ not a half-dozen soft collars packed in a good-looking ])aper box? it may lie possible for the ])aper box men to interest some of the collar manufacturers in this suggestion. vShow the collar mamifacturers a cc)m])lete dummy box having an ai)pr()])riate design or jiicture on its cover. "fL.ASHY" CAXDV B().\ES for t'AKNIVALS, FAIRS, ETC. Among the leading manufacturers of paper boxes who are suc- cessfully following the ])ractice of suggesting new selling ideas to Two Exceedingly Beautiful Round Boxes Used by Stephen F. Whitman & Son, Inc., Philadelphia. 50 Attractrccncs.^ If^ill St^II Goods customers and prospectives is the ^I. A. Brown Paper Box Com- pany, of St. Louis, Mo. This concern had a splendid exhibit of its products at a recent convention of the National Confectioners' Asso- ciation, including a wide assortment of lithographed box wrappers. Visitors to the exhibit were presented with useful souvenirs consist- ing of miniature Liberty Bells and complete sets of the M. A. Brown Company's special line of box wrappers to be used for candy boxes at carnivals, for fox trot contests, fairs, circus candy booths, etc. The box wrappers referred to are lithographed in six dilTerent colors, and the pictures and ornamental designs on them are em- bossed. vSome of the pictures represent scenes at a circus. There are also colored pictures of pretty girls, such as the "Trapeze Girl," the "Century Roof Girl," the "Winter Garden Girl.", the "Harem Girl," the "Hippodrome Girl," etc. These wrappers are designed to cover the lids of large-size, flat, candy boxes — the "flashy" kind of candy boxes that are sold at carnivals, fairs and other gala occasions. The boxes have individual compartments for each piece of candy. They also have extension tops and bottoms and are covered with colored paper to harmonize with the colors of the box-tops. It shcnild be understood that these wraps and boxes are designed exclusively for the purpose of ])leasing a certain class of trade — a Mardi dras crowd for example. They may not be beautiful, but certainly they are exceedingly attractive, and without question they "sell the goods." The M. A. Brown Pa])er Box Comi)any will supply manufactm-- ing confectioners with either the comi)lete carnival l)oxes. or with the lithographed wrappers separately. Some of the confectioners are specializing in package candies for carnivals, fairs, etc., and are using large quantities of the wrappers and, boxes mentioned. The .M. A. Brown Company is manufacturing all kinds of attractive set-uj) ])a])er boxes in addition to those described, and in many instances this con- cern is originating big orders for ]iaper boxes ])y suggesting new styles of paper boxes to manufacturing confectioners and other jiro- ducers of package goods. "je'cLAIR, rHE PACKAGE BEAUTIEI'L" The R. C. Taft Company, of New York and Chicago, recently de- signed a new style paper box for candy whicli was called "Je'Clair. The Package Beautiful." It was indeed a beautiful container, artis- tically trimmed with silk ribbon of a color that matched perfectly the color of the box, and it was sold in large (juantities to manufac- turing confectioners. The R. C. Taft Company is continually pro- ducing new things in the way of beautiful paper l)oxes. but of course 51 Salt's Siiciyt'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers this company advertises the new things immediately as they are read\' for the market. Without the proper advertising, new things hke the '"Je'Clair" hne woukl not prove highly successful. Paper hox manufacturers in general should use more advertising than they have keen using in the past. The kusiness magazines ot+er one of the l)est advertising mediums for the kox-makers. With the husiness papers you can often talk to an audience that could l)e reached bv no other form of magazine advertising. Direct-hv-mail The Popular "l'le;i8ure Island" Package by Ste|)lien K. Whitman i^ Son. Inc.. Philadelphia. advertising, like catalogues, booklets. sam])le sets of wrappers, etc., can also he used hv ever\ ])aper hox manutacturer to excellent ad- vantage. jwo c■.\.\l)^ Hoxi.s iii.Ai" ii.A\i. M.ADi': hk; mrs The beautiful cand\- packages wliich are being distributed all over the world by v^te])hen l'\ Wliitman «!<; v^on, of Philadelphia, are familiar to the public in general. Why? Because the Whitman pack- ages are (lisi)layed in the .show-rooms and windows of retail stores in many ditTerent ])arts of the world. So wide is the distribution of these goods that you can stroll the business section of j^ractically any town or citv and see a number of store windows containing exclu- sive di.splays of them. This statement applies to many foreign coun- tries as well as to the L'nited States. The \\ liitman line of ])ackage goods consists of a wide variety of beautiful ])a])er boxes filled with special selections of chocolates and confections. Some of the boxes are round in shape and have prett}' pictures in colors on their lids. ( )thers are of oblong tyix\ with ex- 52 Attyucti-ccHCSS fVill Sell Goods tension tops and l)ottoms, and are trimmed with silk ril)l)()ns. Others still are of oblong form and are equipped with hinged lids. There is about a dozen different styles of these packages which have become extremely popular, and among these are the Whitman's "Sampler." and the Whitman's "Pleasure Island Chocolates." Any paper box manufacturer may gain ideas for new business by studying the mer- its of these two remarkable ])aper boxes. By originating new types of paper boxes that would have the "human interest appeal" like that possessed by the Whitman ])ackages. the box manufacturer will have no difficulty in getting all the business that he can handle. The Wdiitman's "v^ampler" is designed to contain ten different kinds of chocolates and confections, selected from ten of the most ]K;])ular Whitman ])ackages. The "vSami)ler" is a one-pound-size, flat, oblong box. shouldered and equipped with a hinged lid. Inside the box are a numl)er of trays of different sizes to hold the different kinds of candv referred lo. Roth the box and the lid are covered with lithograi)hed ])ai)er having a samjjler design in colors — that i-, a reproduction of a ])iece of ornamental needlework like grand- mother used to make. The bottom of the box, as well as the sides and to]\ are covered witli this lithographed ])aper. The effect is verv artistic. The beauty and utility of these containers are so great that thousands of women use them as work-boxes after the sv^'eet- meats have been consinned. The design of this box is patented. The Whitman's "Pleasure Island" box is a one-pound size, of high, oblong shape like that of an old-time treasure chest. It is ecjuii^ped with a Hat, hinged lid. The hinge is made of muslin. ( )n the inside of the lid is a panel of box-board, covered with white ])aper, this i)anel serving to make the flat lid stronger. Inside the box are three tra\'s, two >(|uare ones at the bottom, and an o])long one above. The lid and sick's of the box are covered with litho- graphed paper having colored pictures ot scenes .suggested by Robert Potiis Stevenson's famous book on "'Preasure Island." Kindly note that the W'hitman's ])ackage is called "Pleasure Island," not "Treas- ure Island." This design is also ]xitente(l. Upon opening the "Pleasure Island" chest the buyer tirsl tnids a tempting assortment of chocolates in the oblong tray at the toj). When this trav is r(.'ino\ed. the buver then tinds two small sacks hlled with chocolates, each sack placed in a s(|nare tray. The idea of the sacks, of course, is to suggest monev bags, like one would ex])ect to see in an old ])irate's treasure chest. Xo wonder that the tbou- -ands of ]:)ers()ns who are bnN'ing these packages are delighted over them. The "Pleasure Island" ])ackage made an instant hit as soon as it was i^laced on the market because it was uni(|ue as well as attractive. Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers The Whitman's hne is being nationally advertised, principally in the standard magazines, and illustrations of the popular Whitman packages are incorporated with the advertisements. This national advertising is linked with handsome window displays of Whitman's packages in all parts of the country. The company supplies the retail V^- The "fiiilv ni I', t t'eption" Package of Stephen F. Whitman & Son, Inc., Philadelphia. dealers with c()m])lete window trims, consisting of empty containers and advertising cutouts. The main cutout is of large size, and is lithogra])hed in colors, forming an attractive background for the dis- play of packages. National advertising of this magnitude is bound to sell the goods. The retail dealers are anxious to handle nationally advertised lines of merchandise, j^articularly l)eautiful package goods, because sales-win- ning window and store displays of such things can easily be arranged ; new patrons are drawn to the store, and they often buy other articles in addition to the packages in question. Many of the paper box manufacturers are capable of planning complete advertising campaigns for confectioners, hosiery makers 54 Attractiveness JVill Sell Goods and other manufacturers — advertising campaigns which would in- clude out-of-the-ordinary window and store display of packages. Empty paper hoxes are used for such displays, and for this purpose alone the hox manufacturers could sell thousands of fancy paper hoxes. New ideas for window trims, featuring beautiful paper hoxes, are wanted by many large manufacturers of package goods. The box- maker who is in a position to plan such exhibits should offer his ideas to advertising agencies as well as to the manufacturers direct. PAPER BOXES THAT ARE WORKS OF ART In the following paragraphs brief descri])tions are given of some of the beautiful paper boxes now being used by Stephen F. Whit- man & Son. All of these boxes have proved successful in selling to the highest class of the confectionery trade. Large-size round box; shouldered; extension top and Ijottoiu; cov- ered with white glazed paper; and containing two colored i)ictures of blue birds on the lid. "The simplicity of beauty" is clearly expressed l)y the appearance of this box. Medium-size flat, oblong box, aptly called the "Pink of Perfec- tion." Shouldered, and containing nine separate trays ; extension top and bottom; covered and lined with fancy pink paper. Cover trimmed on one corner with ribbon and bow of ])ink silk. Whitman's name, trade-mark and a plain, heavy rule Ixirder ])rinted and em- bossed in gold on the box-top. Medium-size round box; shouldered; covered with white glazed pa])er ; extension toj) and I)()tt()iu; two gold edges. Wlutman's name and trade-mark printed and emijossed in gold on the cover. Lid decorated with ribbon and double bow of light-blue silk. Medium-size round box; shouldered; extension to]) and bottom; two gold edges; covered with lavender paper. Beautiful picture of orchid in natural colors on the lid. Decorated on the side with lavender silk ril)bon and bow. Large-size round box; shouldered; side covered with white glazed paper; extension to]) and bottom; two gold edges; side-view picture of pretty girl's head, with dark hair, in colors, on the lid. Large-size round box; shouldered; side covered with while glazed j)aper ; extension to]) and bottom; two gold edges. vSide-view of ])retty blonde girl's head, in colors, on the lid. These are the kinds of candy ]^ackages that the men buy for tlieir best girls, and the girls buy them also. These are the kinds of ])a])er boxes that all matuifacturing confectioners need in their business. 55 •^ CHAPTER V ><• NEW FIELDS FOR FOLDING BOXES -«ic<'3SV»»' \'.\\ tU'lds lor loldiiii;' boxes and cartons are open on e\ery side for ])ro<^rcssive pap.er box mannfactnrers who are willing to enter them — new fields of tremendous pro- portions, rich in virgin soil, and ready for immediate planting. The old helds are by no means overworked, and are grow- ing more productive every day, l)nt llie new helds otter still greater possibilities for business. The new-school paper box manutacturer is one who is capable of developing entirely new lields for his product. Me tlrst carefully selects a ])r()mising lield tor tolding ])oxes or cartons. Me then "tills the soil." and plants good "seeds," by means ot advertising and salesmanshi]). Xew business in the wav of orders tor folding boxes and cartons soon s])rings up, and it then becomes necessarv to "cultivate" the new business by giving the ctistomers who ])lace the new business prodtict and service of the highest order. Stud}' the working methods of the modern farmer: \\']K'ne\er he l^lants a new line of i)rodtice in a new held he devotes ])articular care and attention to the new field. Me studies the nature of the soil, and often he changes the condition of the soil to meet tlie retjuire- ments of the plants that are to be grown. So it is with the modern American business man. Me never tackles a new selling field ])efore he is fully pre])ared to work it to the limit of his resotirces. It has been well said that a man can make a great business success of a modest peanut stand if he will give the right attention to such a btisiness. By the way, why not have peanuts packed in attractive folding boxes? We mention this in lighter vein, but there may be something in the suggestion just the same. Only a comparatively few manufacturers of folding boxes and cartons seemed to have recognized the large number of new fields for their product which aboimd in all directions. These mantifacturers Usually have busy plants when man_\- other ])a]:)er box makers are waiting for orders. These manufactiu'ers are always "on the job," 56 Nc'zv Fields for Fold'nuj Boxes planning new things in folding boxes and cartons for concerns that may never have nsed snch things before. In not a few instances cer- tain box concerns have gained exceedingly large orders nierel\' Iiy sng- gesting desirable changes in old-style paper boxes. Any live manufacturer of folding l)oxes or cartons is ca])able of opening new markets for his i)rodnct by suggesting new uses for paper boxes to manufacturers in general. At the ])resent time htui- dreds of different lines of merchandise are being sold in loose form in retail stores, and practically nil of this merchandise could be ])acked to advantage in folding Ixixes. 'I'he box-maker, by studying the great variety of mercliandise on display in the big department stores, can see manv an op])ortum'ty for folding boxes. Whenever you see a good article on sale in a store that could be packed to advantage in a folding l)ox. go after the manufacturer of that article and sIkuv him a sample of the ])a])er box wliich vou think should be used for his goods. Do not fail in making yom" sam])les attractive. Pretty pictures, beautifully colored, and handsome ty])ogra])hic forms printed in colors, lia\f much lo do in making a folding box attractive. 'I'he old-time folding boxes and cartons were plain and far from being ])leasing to the eye, but many of the new-st)le pa])er l)oxes are fine specimens of the ])rinting art. The time has arrived when it is necessary for the ])aper box manufacturer to i)ay closer attention to the ])rinted matter that i> placed on folding boxes and cartons. With tlu' ru'd of good color ])rinting it is possible to make a ])lain. low-priced carton, or a folding bo.x. exceptionall\' attracti\e. Xo other manufacturer has a stronger selling argument to otter citstomers and ])rosp('cti\('s than the manufacturer of folding boxes, and every ])oint in this argument is absolutely true. I'^or instance: Folding boxes are inex])ensive : the\- help in kee])ing merchandise fresh, and ]:)revent it from bt'coming soiled ; they make it easy for the dealer to keep account of stock, and the\- hel]) the dealer in handling sales cpiickly ; folding boxes, liandsomeK- ])rinted. help the dealer in making attractive window and store disi)lays: folding boxes hel]) the manufacturer in ])romoting a national market for trade- marked goods; folding boxes hel]> the buying ])ublic in keeping \arious articles of merchandise fresh and clean in tlu' home. Here are the rough notes for an argument that ought to be the means of selling many a manufactiu"er a large (piantity of folding boxes. The facts mentioned in the remaining portion ot this chapter con- cern several uses for folding boxes, and the reader is kindly asked to study these facts from a student's ])oint of view with the idea of thinking oiu other new fields for folding boxes. vSome of the facts may not be new to the reader, but possiblv they will lead up to other 57 Sales Suggestions fur Paper Box Manufacturers suggestions of a busiiiess-bnilcHng character. Xow is the time for paper l)Ox manufacturers in general to sell their product in new fields, but at the same time the old fields should not be neglected. FOLDING BOXES FOR ICE CREAM Folding paper boxes for l)ricks of ice cream are com])aratively new. and are now being successfully used l)y several of the larger ice cream manufacturers. These boxes are made in pint and (|uart sizes, and Oiif of the new model folding bo.xes for holding a brick of Ice Cream. The advertising advantage of such a box is obvious. are made in two different shapes — s(|uare and oblong. The name of the ice cream manufacturer and other advertising matter is printed on the flaps and sides of the box. The bricks of ice cream are first neatly wrapj)ed in butter-wrapper ])aper. and the bricks are then placed in the folding bo.xes. The ]:)rinted matter for one line of the folding boxes referred to includes stripes running vertical on the sides of the boxes. This ])rinting is done in lavender on manila stock and the eifect is de- cidedly interesting. The printed matter, particularly the stripes, .seems to ])ut these boxes out of the ordinary class of folding boxes, and it is a fact that these boxes have hel])ed in increasing sales of the ice cream contained in them. 58 Nezv Fields for Folding Boxes Large numbers of druggists, grocers, cigar dealers, confectioners, etc., are handling the various makes of Ijrick ice cream referred to, and before the advent of the folding boxes it had been tiresome work for the dealers to sell the frozen delicacy in loose form. Often during the hot weather months customers would have to stand in line waiting for the dealer or his clerks to measure the ice cream. It was slow and unpleasant work for all concerned, and frequently a patron would receive either short measure or over measure, as it was diffi- cult to s])oon and ])ack exactly the right quantity in everv case. Valuable time was lost by ])oth the dealer and his customers. The new method of packing the bricks of ice cream in folding boxes not only saves time for the dealer and his ])atrons, but also insures the correct measure for each customer. The buyer asks for a pint, quart, or for several joints and quarts of ice cream, and the dealer sim])ly opens an ice chest, lifts out the required inimber of boxes, wra])s the boxes in a sheet of pai)er, and then liands over the ])ackage to the buyer. Xo longer is it essential for a group of worried patrons to stand waiting while the dealer tries to till glass or china dishes with the right portions, of loose ice cream. Many of the larger manufacturers of ice cream are not yet using folding boxes for I)rick ice cream, but are literally waiting for some enterprising box-maker to call and sell them on this idea. ()ut-of-the- ordinary sha])es, and attractive designs for printing, will help greatly in landing a big order for ice cream containers. THl". SKLLINCJ MiyillODS OF ONE Sl'CC KSSFCL P.APKR BOX MANUFAC rrKI.K One of the leading manufacturers of folding boxes, cartons and advertising novelties is following modern methods of selling whicli could be ado])ted by many other ])aper box manufacturers with good results. The box man referred to has been successful in selling new lines of his paper products to numerous manufacturing con- cerns that previously had not used such materials, and in most cases business was ])rocured after he had called on the manufacturer and presented his ideas. Not so long ago this box-maker sold a baking company a large order of folding boxes, handsomely printed in three colors, to be used for marketing a s])ecial brand of cake. That brand of cake met with such a hearty rece])tion in grocery stores, delicatessen stores, etc.. that the bakers decided to ])ut out several other kinds of cake, in i)ound sizes, and packed in individual folding boxes. Today this baking concern is marketing some half-a-dozen different kinds of cake, all packed in i)aper boxes, and all are having heavy sales. 59 Sa/i's Sugiji'stions for Paper Box Manufaclitrcrs This lx)x manufacturer has originated various kinds of folding l)oxes for medicine hottles, toilet water bottles, soaps, tooth ])rushes. tubes of tooth paste, and other merchandise of this variety. He has also originated a large number of advertising novelties of the paper cut- out grouj), some of them in the form of ()(ld-sha])ed folding boxes. Practically all of the cutouts were sold to large manufacturers who distributed the cutouts among their customers and i)r()spectives in the forni of good-will a printed in two colors — tint brown and black — on light-weight stock, and wlien coni])]eted One of the I'opulai- Styles of Folding Boxes Used for Holding a Tube of Shaving Cream. each cutout formed a small-size tapered basket with the figure of a white rabbit standing up at the back part of the basket. 'Phe cutout was of one ])iece of stock, folded on two sides and the two side ends j)asted together, thus forming the basket. Several hundred thousands of these advertising no\eltii's were dis- tributed by the I)aking company to the homes of customers and pros- l)ectives during the week ])reccding the blaster .season. The kiddies were delighted with the cutouts and made ])roper use of them by hlling the paper baskets with straw and candy eggs. The baking concern received hundreds of requests for additional copies of the novelties, and all of sucli recjuests were granted of course. The nov- elties were inex])ensive. but what made them so ])o])ular was their unicjue sJKqie and pleasing appearance, .\notlier thing, cutouts of exactly the same kind could not be bought in stores, and that made the combination Kaster bunny and basket a genuine noveltv despite its low cost. Cutouts of this same variety can easily l)e made and sold by any manufacturer of folding boxes. Special paper novelties, in the way 60 Nezv Fields for Fold'incj Boxes of odd-shaped folding boxes, and printed in l)right colors, can be made to provide for all the different holidays of the year. Original novelties of this gron]:) can often be sold in large quantities to manu- facturing concerns who know the value of good-will advertising. It remains for the pa])er box manufacturers to originate and sell the ideas for new things in folding boxes, cartons and advertising nov- elties. FOLDIN(; HOXKS F(JR BOOKS, CATALOGUES, MAGAZINES, ETC. Several well-known ])a]X'r box manufacturing concerns are special- izing in })atented fonus of folding boxes to be used for mailing- books, catalogues, magazines, etc. The boxes are tuade to order to suit the particular size of a publication, and the fronts of the boxes are printed in the usual manner. Xo wra])|)ing ])a]K'r or labels are needed when mailing books, catalogues, etc., in these patented fold- ing boxes, as the addressing is done on the fronts of them. Labels, howe\i'r, ma\- be u>ed if desired, biu no wrapping ])apc'r or string are needed. The bo.x folds tightly at two ends: firmly holds the })ub- lication, and ])revents the edges of the pul)lication from becoming damaged in transit. Tvarge (juantities of these mailing boxes are purchased by book and magazine publishers, advertising agencies, mailing concerns, and by many manutactiu'ing concerns for mailing out copies of general catalogues. vSome ot the orders tor folding boxes to be used for catalogues run from lo.ooo to so.ooo, and e\en higher. The field for mailing boxes of this class is constantly ex])anding. There is ])lenty of room for new ideas in this line. now lOLDixc; ho.xes helped a xaiio.xal ai)\ i.riisixg CAMPAIGN The manufacturers of a po])ular brand of toilet soap recently con- ducted a national advertising campaign which subsecjuentlv was the means of selling thousands of dollars' worth of the soap in (juestion. Displav advertising concerning the merits of this soap was carried in ])rominent magazines and newspa])ers, and with each advertisement was incorporated a coui)on. I'pon presenting a cou])on and ten cents at an}- store where the soap was carried, the ])urchaser was entitled to two cakes of the soap. The newspaper and magazine advertising was linked u]) with window displav adxertising in towns and cities throughout the country. The window displays were j^lanned and fm"nished b\- the soap manufacturers, and were shown l)y a great nuniljcr ot retail storekeepers. ivich window display was made up of a large-size. lithograi)hic- ctilored cutout which formed the l)ackground. and of a considerable Sales Siiyyestions for Paper Box Mannfaetiirers number of bars of soap packed in folding boxes and cartons. The folding boxes were printed in two colors and contained individual cakes of soap. The cartons were also printed in two colors, and each carton contained a dozen of the boxed cakes of soap. The folding boxes and cartons were arranged in such a wav as to make an ex- i \\ i Ml (i^iy'' EAT rj^^^^ libertV BUTTER-KRl^^ french vienna breao Cutout of a Conibiiiation Easter liaskit ami Rabbit that iiuule a big hit as an advertising novelty. ceedingly interesting window trim. Some of the small-size paper boxes were shown with opened ends revealing the contents tempt- ingly. Several of the larger jirinting and lithographing companies, who are operating cutting and creasing departments in their plants, are planning complete advertising campaigns, like the one just referred to, for great merchandising concerns. In not a few cases the adver- tising campaign includes colored posters for stores and bill-boards, colored street car cards, colored cutouts for window displays, and also folding boxes and cartons printed in colors. The printing and lithographing concern planning such a campaign naturally receives the orders for the different kinds of paper products mentioned. 62 New Fields for Folding/ Boxes FOLDING BOXES FOR MEDICAL TABLETS The increasing uses for folding l)Oxes is clearly illustrated by the fact that many of the standard l)rands of medical tablets are now packed in folding boxes in addition to being packed in glass bottles. One brand of Aspirin tablets, for example, is now being sold in both paper boxes and glass bottles. One dozen tablets are packed in a small folding box. Larger quantities of the Aspirin are ])acked in l)ottles, and the bottles are then placed in folding boxes of the proper size. Both the small-size and the larger-size paper l)oxes for the Aspirin are printed in colors. The pharmaceutical field offers unlimited possibilities for manu- facturers of folding boxes and cartons. FOLDING BOXES FOR TOOTH PASTE, SHAVING CREAM, ETC. Other successful advertising campaigns which were recently con- ducted in a large way featured tooth paste and shaving cream. The tooth pastes and shaving creams are put into metal tubes which in turn are packed in folding boxes. About a dozen of the folding boxes containing the tubes are packed in a carton. Merchandise of this group is becoming more popular every day. and no wonder when we consider the old-time methods of selling tooth jiowder and shaving soap in loose form. Tlie modern methods ol tubing tooth paste and shaving cream, and of packing the tubes in attractive folding boxes, are meeting with great favor among the buying jniblic. The numerous new lines of tooth paste, shaving cream, cold cream, toilet preparations, headache salves, and other tubed materials of this variety, have opened entirely new fields for folding boxes and car- tons. Think of the millions of paper boxes which are now being used for these new-style prejiarations. where only a few years ago you bought things like shaving soap in absolutely "nude" form. In these days even a bar of common soa]:) is packed in a neat folding box. The majority of manufacturers of tooth ])astc. shaving cream, toilet preparations, etc.. have learned bv ex])erience that it i)ays to pack the tubed goods in attractive folding boxes. Xot all of the tubed lines of merchandise, however, are ])acked in folding Txjxes. and here are glowing opportunities for the box-makers to build new business. Visit some of the first-class drug stores and nt)te the number of tubed prei)arations which are not ])acke(l in folding boxes. Buy samples of such goods. Take them to the factory and plan attractive containers for them. Also plan cartons for holding the smaller-size boxes. Do not neglect to have the ])rinted matter, or rather the "layouts" for the ])rinted matter, done in pleasing, colorful 63 Suit's Suyycstions for Paper Box Maniifcicturcrs style. Then get busy with the inanufactiirers who duyht to he using- the proposed paper l)oxes. A CASE IN POINT B\)r a long period a certain manufacturer of a hair tonic had been marketing the pre])aration in plain glass hottles without using fold- ing boxes for holding the l)t)ttles. Time came when an enterprising box-maker visited the hair tonic man and suggested a bottle of more graceful shape than the one being used, and also suggested that the bottles be inclosed in neatly-printed folding boxes. The l)ox-man had a sami)le of the new-style bottle suggested, and a dummy of the new folding box in (juestion. The hair tonic maker was a hideboimd individual, and while he liked the idea of the sha])ely bottle, he could see no reason for ])acking the bottles in ]>ai)er containers. The box manufactin-er was a real salesman, nevertheless, and during the course of argmnent he spnnig the strong i)oint of the paper boxes keeping the bottles and labels ])erfectly clean while the bottles stood for a long- time on the shelves of stores. It was i:)r()l)al)ly this point that finallv sold the man on the folding box idea, but the suggestion /';; re the new-st}le bottle also helped. F()LI)I\(; HOXI.S I'OK JARS OF C OMIM.KXION C'KK.AMS, I':T(\ vSome ot the expensive lines of complexion creams, salves, etc.. are not only packed in art glass or china jars, but the jars are packed in beautifully colored paper l)oxes. One of the boxes referred to is lithograi)hed in colors, the completed design suggesting ])ur])le satin ribbon tied around the 1k)x. There are also pictures of flowers in natural colors. Another paper box (tf this tyjje is delightfully printed in the oriental style of covering, the design ])icturing flowers of dif- ferent species. These facts are mentioned to illustrate the possi- bilities ol hue color j)rinting for folding boxes of thi> \arietv. SlCXiKSlKI) IMPKO\ KMF.Xr FOR FASIFR V.i]i] BOXES The average reader would be astonished were he to learn of the actual num1)er of Easter egg folding boxes that are used throughout the country every year. Many of the larger candy manufacturers buy many thotisands of such boxes every year ])receding the Easter holidays. We refer to the well-known line of folding boxes used for holding decorated chocolate eggs which sell retail for 25c. 50c. 75c. $1. $1.50. $2. $3. and $5 apiece. Paper boxes are also made for candy eggs .selling at 5c. loc, 15c. and 20c apiece, but this chapter is more concerned over the various sizes of boxes used for holding the 64 Nezv Fields for Folding Boxes higher-priced eggs, such as the sizes used for the 50c. 75c, $1. etc. The same old-fashioned printed designs that have been seen on the Easter egg boxes for the last few decades seem to be used today for the majority of such boxes; plain, one-color designs of chicks and rabbits printed on the sides of the container^. Why is it not a good sales opportunity for some progressive box-maker to put out a new and attractive line of these popular boxes? Why not pictures on the sides of the boxes printed, or lithographed, in bright colors? The pictures could be made highly suggestive of the Easter season. The main thing would be to have the pictures done in j)leasing colors in a style that would be interesting to grown-ups as well as children. Practically all of the candy manufacturers buy substantial c[uan- tities of the Easter tgg boxes in all of the standard sizes, and cer- tainly the candy-makers would ])refer paper boxes of this variety that are more attractive than the old kind. We all know that beauti- fully-colored boxes of this type would help in selling greater cjuan- tities of candy eggs. II ere is a field that is wide oj>en for some box mamifacturer with new ideas. Some of the larger candy manufacturing concerns are now using colored folding boxes for the cheaper grades of candy, such as talTy. ])eanut brittle, and so forth, and here. too. is another new field for ])aper box manufacturers with ideas. Some of the folding boxes used for special makes of candy are of the pleasing high-chest shape, the stock printed with an all-over pattern in three or more colors. The color effect is rich, and puts an ordinarv folding box out of the common class. 65 ■*->€ CHAPTER VI J^- SELLING GOODS WITH UNIQUE FOLDING BOXES X many ways the modern manufacturer of folding boxes and cartons is more than simply a manufacturer of such product. P'irst of all. he is a business promoter for many (tther manufacturers of merchandise. In many instances he is planning advertising and selling ideas which when put to actual use will be the means of creating thousands of dollars' worth of new business for the manufacturers who may utilize these ideas. Visit some of the larger plants devoted to the production of fold- ing boxes and cartons, and you will understand how the owners of those plants are creating l)usiness for other manufacturers. In any one of the larger plants you will find a special department in charge of experts who are constantly planning new designs for folding- boxes and cartons — planning new uses for folding boxes and car- tons—thinking out new merchandising ideas to be used in connection with folding boxes and cartons. These experts do not sit around waiting for prospective customers to come in the office and place orders for containers. No ; they go right after prospective custom- ers and present ideas and suggestions which often result in opening up entirely new fields of business for the concerns that are wise enough to adopt the ideas and suggestions. In the modern plant where folding boxes and cartons are being made you will find an art department where new i)ictures, designs and patterns for folding containers are being originated. These pic- tures, designs and patterns are to be lithographed or printed on the containers after the original sketches have been -approved. These artists are capable of making colored efl^ects for containers that will raise the attractiveness and lieauty of the containers far above those of the ordinary class. The modern plant is equipped with a first-class printing depart- ment, of course, usually with batteries of both platen and cylinder printing presses, and in some cases there is a battery of ofi^-set litho- graphic presses. The finest grades of color work are produced in 66 Selling Goods with Unique Folding Boxes these printing departments, and in many instances the pictures, de- signs or patterns for folding l)oxes are printed or lithographed in four or five dilTerent colors. The printing or lithographing is done on the large-size sheets of hoxboard, often as many as ninety-four (94) complete forms for folding boxes being printed or lithographed at one time on a single sheet. Not long ago the writer had the pleasure of visiting one of the largest factories in the world where nothing but folding boxes, dis- play containers and cartons are being produced. The containers for many of the nationally known lines of merchandise, which are to be bought in> every good general store, are being manufactured in this plant. The orders for these containers frequently run into the mil- lions. It seems almost unbelievable, but it is a fact, nevertheless, that some of^ the orders for folding boxes handled in this plant are for 50,000,000, 75,000,000 and even 100,000,000. In one of the special departments of this factory alone several millions of a cer- tain kind of folding box are completed every day. The printing and lithographing departments of this plant are worthy of being featured in one of the educational picture films. Each department is an exceedingly long and wide room with an extra high ceiling. The walls and ceiling are done in white. There are windows on three sides. The presses are lined up in two long rows. The floor is of concrete. In the printing department a large num- ber of cylinder presses are installed. In the lithographic department are about a dozen large-size off-set lithographic presses of the new- est models. Two of these machines are built to lithogTa]jh four dif- ferent colors simultaneously. Both departments are constantly busy on color work for containers. Another plant which the writer visited also possessed big printing and lithographing departments, Ix)th departments used exclusively for lithographing or ]^rinting on large-size sheets of hoxboard for folding boxes, cartons and display containers. The cutting and creasing departments of this factory are remarkable. There are more than fifty platen cutters and creasers of \arious makes and sizes. There are also about two dozen cylinder cutters and creasers of different makes and sizes, including a number of the new-style automatic piling cutters and creasers which automatically deliver the flat sheets, cut and creased, on trucks ready to l)e carried away in big piles to the stri])]iing department. The writer is not at lil)crty to mention the names of the two plants referred to, nor is he in a position to descril)e the special kinds of work which are being done in these plants, but enough has been said to give some idea of the e(|uipment and efficiency of the plants. The 67 Salt's Siiyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers owners of these great factories are manufacturers in the true sense of the term; they are not merely paper box makers. They are oper- ating their business on a genuine manufacturing basis, and therefore are capable of handling the largest and most difficult classes of fold- ing box product on a profitable foundation. Moreover, these manu- The familiar Cake Ho.x distributed by the Ward liaking Co.. Xew York City. Printed in two color.s — red and blue. This container can be used a.s a lunch box for ^ picnics, outing.s, etc., after the original contents have been removed. facturcrs are contiiuially j)romoting new I)usiness for both them- selves and other manufacturers bv inventing new j)urposes for fold- ing boxes. Would that all paper box makers were conducting their business in this same manner. Is it not a fact that many a box concern is not paying attention to the important matter of suggesting new ideas in folding boxes to prospective customers? Is it not true that numerous box-makers are ojierating plants that are not modernly equipped or efficiently managed? You do not have to own a mammoth plant to originate new ideas in folding boxes, and a small-size plant can be just as modern and efficient, in proportion to its size, as anv of the larger plants. "Share Thy Knowledge" is the motto of the International Asso- ciation of Printing House Craftsmen. This organization is made up 68 ScUiny Goods zcitli Vniqiic Folding Boxes of many clubs formed of printing house executives. Every memlier of any one of these clubs must be willing to share his technical knowl- edge with any of his fellow craftsmen. It is the old Golden Rule applied to a modern purpose. The paper box manufacturers should have an organization of this character, and the paper box men could learn, a great deal by visiting one another's plants. You will never lose anything by sharing your technical "secrets" with your l)rothers in the trade. "Co-operation, not com])etilion. is the life of commerce." THE KINDS OF FOLDING HOXFS THAT SELL (JOODS There are manv different kinds of folding Ijoxes on the market which are automatically selling large (juantities of merchandise by reason of their attractiveness and utility. 'J'hese are the kinds of containers which manufacturers in various fields are always looking for. If you can show a progressive manufacturer something new and attractive in the way of a folding box. a disjjlay container, or a car- ton, he will be ready to talk business with you on your own terms, and whv not when vou have something that would ])ossil)ly make a fortime for him ■ Yes, there are numerous folding boxes on the market which have earned large fortunes for certain manufacturers who are using them for their products, and there are just as many op])ortunities for other new-style containers that have not yet been invented. Because there are numerous patented containers already on the market it does not mean that there is no more need for other styles of patented con- tainers. In fact, the need for out-of-the-ordinary containers is greater every da}-. Who has not seen one of those famous folding boxes which are being used as cake containers by the Ward Piaking Comj^any. of New York City? These boxes are not beautiful in a])pearance. but cer- tainly they are attractive, and they have a utility feature which makes them useful as hmch boxes after the original contents have been re- moved. These bo.xes are made in various sizes, and are used as containers for jxjund cake. s])onge cake. etc. The ])opular size o\ these boxes is 7]% x y^A x 3 inches. This is the size that may be used as a lunch box. and thousands of ])ersons are using them as lunch boxes. 'I'he idea is to wra]) up the lunch box in plain ])aper, and to throw away the box after the lunch has been removed. Boxes of this kind are apj^ropriate as lunch containers for picnics, boat tri])s and other outings. There is nothing really startling or new about the Ward cake boxes, with the exception of the ])rinted line on the top fla]) ot each 69 Sitli's Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers box reading. "Keep this handy knich box — when empty." That line of reading matter puts each one of the Ward folding boxes in the special utility class, and buyers of the cake packages are reminded of the fact that the boxes may still serve a useful purpose after the cake has been consumed. The point is that the Robert Gair Com- pany, of Brooklyn, N. Y., the company that is manufacturing the folding boxes for the Ward Baking Company, was progressive enough to "play up" the utility feature possessed by these containers. Practically any kind of a folding box carton that is made in the same style, and about the same size as the Ward cake box, has the same utility feature as the Ward box. But. who ever thought of ■M\\ c^'' TRADE MARK RI.O ,\\\ IV » .|- CALIFORNIA SUN MAID HEEDLESS RAISINS The famous ."jc raisin i)ackage. Lithograi)hed in four colors and varnished. 70 Selling Goods zvitli Unique Folding Boxes advertising this, utility feature until tlie Robert Gair Company tried it out? The folding boxes which are being used as containers for breakfast foods, coffee, teas, etc., may be utilized as lunch boxes after the original contents of the boxes have been disposed of. but to make any of these containers popular in this respect, it would be essential to print instructions on each box. id A LITTLE BIT OF PURE CANDY Belle Mead SAveets CHOCOLATE COATED Brittle-Nut Bar 5 Cents Display Container, made from a single piece of boxboard by the Brooks Bank Note Co., of Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in one color. There is an opportunity for some paper box manufacturer to pro- duce a beautiful folding box- — something out of the ordinary, and liaving special utility features. For example, a handsomely-printed folding box that could be used as a "doll house" by children, ought to prove popular for some brand of cereal. There is a growing demand for more attractive folding boxes having designs, pictures or patterns printed or lithographed in warm colors. 100,000,000 FOLDING BOXES FOR RAISINS After having passed through a woefully dull business period, brought about by national prohibition, the California raisin industry is now enjoying the most prosperous times in its history. Every- l)ody is now eating raisins. Why? Because the raisin growers' Asso- ciation in its national advertising tells everybodv to eat more raisins. 71 Sales Suyyt'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers Probably the most interesting side of this great national advertis- ing campaign is the five-cent package of raisins which can now be pnrchased in many dilferent retail stores in all sections of the United USE McGRAWS Butterfly ©ratvcl SfioeLaces^ jfcVpPERFECTTlPS W'^f Superior Quality Display Contaiini, iindt- I'rom a single piece of boxboarrl by the Drooks Hank Note Co., of Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in two colors. States. Wm may see these jiackages even in the chain cigar stores, drug stores, candy shops, etc. According to relial)le reiM:)rts. more tlian loo.ooo.ooo of these five-cent raisin packages have already been 72 Sclliug Goods zvith Unique Foldiny Boxes placed on the market, and arrangements are being made to distribnte additional millions of these packages. Like all good things this original five-cent raisin package was quickly counterfeited, but the imitations are so mean-looking as to the style of the packages that they have no chance at all of competing with the original. The original package is a folding box, size i-)4 >^ 13^x2^ inches. It is Ijeauti fully lithogra])hed in four dififerent colors, incorporating a pretty i)icture of the "Sun-Alaid" on one side, and the entire surface of the box is finished in varnish. These pack- ages are packed two dozen in a handsome display container which is also lithographed in four colors and varnished. Think of it. 100,- 000,000 of these packages have already been distributed to the retail trade, and millions more are to follow ! Were ever the advantages of a l)eautiful folding l)ox demonstrated more forcibly than in this case .'' You have probably bought one or more of these five-cent raisin ])ackages yourself, and, if so, you have doubtless admired the attractive (jualities of the folding box. \Ve do not know whether it was a i)ai>er l)ox manufacturer who originated this idea of putting raisins in five-cent ])ackages or not, ])ut we ho])e that it was a box manufacturer. Many other lines of mercliandise could be sold in larger cpiantities by packing them in small-size folding boxes. Why not have salted peanuts packed in small-size five-cent jxickages instead of ])acking them in glassine bags? This is merely a suggestion, of course, to show how new fields for folding boxes may be developed. There are unlimited oi)portunities for new styles of folding boxes for candy, cakes, bottled goods, cofi'ee. sugar and many other lines. The wonderful success of the five-cent raisin packages should serve as an inspiration to manufacturers of folding boxes. Attrac- tive folding boxes, cartons and displav cases will helj) manv a manu- facturer in solving his merchandising ])rol)lems. UNIQUI-: DISPLAV CON lAINKKS Several of the larger manufacturers of folding boxes, including the Brooks Hank Note Company, of vSpringfield, Mass.. are making patented dis])lay containers for various lines of merchandise. These display containers are usually formed of a single sheet of boxboard, lithographed in colors, and cut and creased in such a manner that when the completed sheet is properly folded it forms an attractive display case of the set-u]) box type, the l)ox raised uj) on an angle at one end, and an advertising card standing up at the back. Display containers of this type are generally used for holding small-size folding boxes filled with candw chocolate bars wrapped 73 Salt's Sitgyi'stions for Paper Box Manitfactnrt'rs in tin foil, packages of chewing gum and other sweets of this variety. Some of these containers, however, are being used for holding packages of shoe strings, braid, cough drops, seeds, and other things which can be conveniently sold in small-size packages. The display containers illustrated in this chapter were manufac- tured by the Brooks Bank Note Company, a well known concern that is ])roducing many varieties of folding boxes, cartons and dis- play containers, in addition to doing all kinds of fine lithographing. fi ijQ crnPFKFF PE R- -PUSH UP thc bottom or box *no MR. STUntRttrcn -T-uojj^v _, .crs goods on ah INSERT TAB IN SLOT ON LID WHICH Pl.*ct»uu ANGLI THUS GIVING BtTTtB O'fP^*^- J"'* p. »ct !■ THE OOOOS. RINOLY PUT IT IN < PROMINENT Pt»C[ J^ Display Container, made of one piece of boxboard by the Brooks liaiik Note Co., of Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in one color. The display containers referred to are unique in constrnction. When the filled container goes to the retailer it looks much like a regular set-up paper box. but when the cover is raised and thrown back, it forms an attractive advertising placard standing u]) at one end of the box. The box is then pushed \\\) from the bottom of the con- tainer so that i1/ will rest on an angle, thus displaying the goods in- side the box to great advantage. The display containers are to be placed on cases and counters of stores, and thev may also be placed in show-windows of stores. 74 St'lliny Goods -zvit/i U)iujiic Foldincj Boxes These unique disi)lay containers certainly help in selling the goods that are packed in them. In many retail stores it is surprising to see how rapidly the small-size packages move from these containers. One dealer remarked that the profits earned on popular five-cent packages of chocolates, mints. dro])s. nut-hars. etc.. easilv paid the rent of his store. Manufacturers of folding hoxes should pay closer attention to the many different lines of merchandise which could he sold to ad- vantage in smaller-size packages. Vou can prohahly think of numer- ous good lines which could he sold in live-cent i)ackages. Why not interview the manufacturers of those lines on this important suhject? FOLDIXC; BOXES AND C .AKIOXS lOK WIN'DOW DISPL.'WS Large numhers of the retail drug stores recently arranged window trims of a nationally known hrand of tooth paste which were excejv tionally interesting. In each display were a mnnher of lithographed cartons of extra large size — enlargements of the regular-size cartons which are used for holding a certain number of the smaller-size fold- in.g boxes containing the tubes of tooth paste. In each display were also about a dozen good-size folding boxes. lithograj)hed in siich a manner as to resemble the real carton, opened, and showing the smaller-size ])ackages within. Window displays of this kind wc-rc al>o arranged b\ nmnerous grocery stores, only the large-size cartons and the "imitation" pack- ages represented a well known brand of breakfast food. The re- tailers like to have these window dis])la\s. of course, as they not only make the show-windows attracti\i'. but they make it unnecessarv for the dealers to put the genuine ])ackages in the windows, thus pre- venting the original packages from becoming "sunburned" or soiled. Any manufacturer of folding boxes is capable of making window displays of this variety without it being essential for him to add special meclianical e(|uipment to his plant. The displavs are made in the same way as regular folding boxes and cartons. The designs for the large-size cartons and "imitation" packages ma}- be printed or lithographed. There is a wonderful and growing Hekl for window di.sj)lavs of the kinds reterred to — a field that is waiting for "live" pa])er box manu- facturers to develoj) it to greater proi)()rtions. Right now beautiful and out-of-the-ordinary window disjilays. made n\^ of folding l)oxes. cartons and display containers, are needed by many manufacturers of package goods. Suggest your ideas to these manufacturers and show them sketches or models of the new subjects that you have in mind. 75 Salt's SiKjcjest'wns for Paper Box Manufacturers The large advertising agencies, and the larger printing and litho- graphing concerns, are constantly planning new things of the kinds which have been referred to in this article. But, only a compara- tively few of the paper box manufacturers seem to be following this powerful method of business promotion. Now is the time for the paper box men to sell nc%c ideas in folding l)oxes that will speed up their industry to full capacity. All of the different kinds of folding l)oxes, cartons and disj)lay containers which have been mentioned in this chai:)ter can be pro- duced on either platen cutters and creasers, or on cylinder cutters and creasers, from dies made of steel cutting and creasing rule. In this connection the writer desires to say a few words about the new Babcock Automatic Piling Cutter and Creaser, made by the Babcock Printing Press Manufacturing Company, of New London, Conn. When visiting a number of large folding box i)lants the writer saw a number of these devices in operation. In one of these ]:)lants the machine was equi])])ed with an automatic feeder. These machines are particularly adapted to large-size sheets and extra-long runs. In one case the writer saw a form running that was made up of more than 200 small-size cutting and creasing dies. The coiu])leted sheets were automatically delivered and piled u]) on a movable platform which was moved away on a truck when the pile reached a certain height. in the luodern plant the different kinds of work are handled on cutters and creasers of the sizes and styles best adajfted to each class of work. The ])laten cutters and creasers, for exami)le. are i)articu- larly ada])ted to certain kinds of ])roduct. The ordinarv cylinder cutters and creasers are suited to certain kinds of work. 'J'he Bab- cock cutter and creaser is now being made in a number of different sizes to suit all classes of cutting and creasing work. The designs, ])ictures or patterns for the various kinds of folding boxes referred to in this chapter could be j^rinted or lithographed \vith about the same results. We are not saying a word against the excellent work l)eing profluced for folding boxes by the lithographic process, l)ut it is only fair to state that the same beautiful color effects can be produced on printing |)resses with the use of the proper plates. 76 ■^>l CHAPTER VII }^- IMPROVED METHODS OF CUTTING AND CREASING I{ PORTS concerning the paper l)()x manufacturing- in- dustry, from various sections of the United States, re- veal the interesting fact that the demand for all kinds of folding hoxes and cartons is constantly increasing, and in some instances, is increasing more rapidly than the demand for the "set-up" style of jmper hoxes. This is prohahly due to the com- ])arativelv low cost of folding l)oxes and cartons, and also to the new uses which are constantly heing found for these containers. By this statement the writer does not mean to imply that folding boxes are taking the places of high grade set-up hoxes. There will always he a growing demand for first quality jiaper boxes of the set-up variety, but in some instances, commonly-made stiff boxes are being replaced by folding ])oxes on account of the folding boxes being less expensive. For example, some of the candy dealers are now using folding boxes in packing popular sweets like peanut brit- tle. "Yellow Jack." cocoanut stri])s. broken candies, etc. These facts are mentioned merely for the ])ur])ose of illustrating the increasing demand for folding boxes. The time is soon coming when almost every article of merchandise sold in a retail store will be packed in a paper box of some kind, and many things which are now being sold in "loose" form will be packed in folding boxes. As time advances the manufacturers of folding boxes will gradually improve the (juality and ai)pearance of their product, up to a point where a good folding box will l)e almost as attractive as a good set-up box. At the present tiiuc many folding boxes are commonly made and present a cheap appearance which is not altogether in their favor. Why not a handsomely-covered folding box — one that is highly pleasing to the eye of the average person ? Let us now turn to the practical side of making folding boxes. In the following paragra])hs the writer shall attempt to give some information on the subject of cutting and creasitig for folding boxes which we ho])e will prove hel]:)ful to an\- person interested in this 77 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers work. When high grade folding boxes are desired, first class cutting and creasing are essential, of course, and it is the writer's purpose to tell how the best cutting and creasing may be done on either a cylin- der press or a platen press. BRIEF OUTLINE OF CUTTING AND CREASING WORK For the information of a reader who may not be familiar with the process of making folding boxes, the following brief outline of cut- ting and creasing work is offered : A folding box is made from a single piece of Manila tag board, or folding bristol board, scored, cut, folded and glued together in such a manner as to form a com- plete box. A folding box, is glued together at two ends, usually at Carton for holding 10 packs of cigarettes. Dotted lines represent scoring rules, plain lines represent cutting rules. Same plan is used for both box and lid, but lid is made about i/s inch larger inside scoring rules so as to enable it to slide down over the box. When box and lid are folded, the smaller flaps are glued on the inside of the larger flaps. No staying is necessary. This style carton looks much like a telescopic setup paper box. the side, and at the top and bottom are flaps which fold and inter- lock. One of the flaps at the toj), and one at the bottom, have slits into which the ends of the covering flaps are inserted. The dies for cutting and creasing the stock for folding boxes to the different shapes required are made of steel cutting rule, and steel creasing rule. The steel rules are cut and bent to the necessary sizes and shapes, and are then built into a complete die by means of wood or metal furniture. Black cherry wood is used to a large extent for blanking out steel dies of this class, but regular printers' furniture, of steel, iron or lead, is also used for the same purpose. After the steel die has been properly filled in with furniture, it is then locked up in a chase. The chase containing the die is then placed on either a cylinder or platen press. The make-ready is done in such a way as to cause all of the sharp steel cutting rules in the form to cut into the stock sharply, and all of the scoring rules in the form to 78 Improved Methods of Cutliny and Creasing score the stock in the proper places. After the make-ready has been completed, on each impression of the press a folding box is cut out and scored simultaneously. In many cases several complete cutting and creasing dies are locked up together in the same chase, and sev- eral folding boxes are cut and scored on every impression. Finally, the cut and scored sheets are run through a gluing machine, each sheet being folded and glued together at two ends. The folding boxes are then ready for the customer. SUGGESTIONS FOR BUILDING AN EXTRA-STRONG DIE While it is true that many die makers are using 2-point hard steel cutting rule, and 2-point steel scoring rule for the great majority of all steel die work, it is likewise a fact that some die makers are using 6-point steel rules for the heavier class of work. The 6-point cutting and scoring rules are particularly adapted to heavy-weight Manila tag stock, and also to exceedingly long runs of both light and heavy forms. On the other hand. 2-point cutting and creasing rules are apt to break down to some extent on extra-thick stock, or on long runs of any kind. The standard height of steel cutting rule is .923" which is slightly higher than printers' brass rule. The standard height of steel scor- ing rule is .918". The standard height of all printers' type is .918". Every box maker should be familiar with all of these figures, as they will often be required when ordering materials for cutting and creas- ing dies. Steel cutting and creasing rules are also made in other heights to suit special requirements. All of, the blanking out material in a die whicli comes directly in contact with the steel cutting and scoring rules should be at least -34 of an inch high so as to make the steel rules stand up as firmly as possible. This is one of the most important points in die l)uilding. The idea is to have the furniture, or blanking-oul material, which is placed on either sides of the steel cutting and scoring rules h'ujh enough to prevent the rules from bend'uuj under lieavy impression. The high furnilure ( '^4 of an inch ) also helps in maintaining sharp, even cutting, for tlie reason that it prevents the top portions of the cutting rules from moving slightlv under heavy -impression. The blanking-out furniture cannot be much higher than -v^ of an inch for the reason that some space must be left for attaching corks along the surface of furniture which is placed on either side ot cutting rules. Printers' labor saving furniture, of wood, steel, iron or lead — the kinds which are to be found in any well-e(|ui]^l)e(l printing office — 79 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers may be used in conjunction with "high" blanking-out material in steel dies, but pieces of printers' furniture should never be placed next to steel cutting or scoring rules on account of printers' furni- ture being considerably lower in height than regular box-makers' furniture which is about Y4 of an inch high. Printers' labor saving steel, iron or lead furniture makes excellent material for the die- builder on account of its accuracy and the large number of convenient sizes in which it is made. The die-maker "tills in" the blank spaces in the die with ])rinters' furniture — that is, the blank spaces which have not already been tilled with black cherry wood Y^ of an inch high. In other words, "high" material, say about one inch wide, is placed on either side of all steel rules in the form, then the remain- ing blank spaces are filled in with printers' labor saxing furniture, of wood, steel, iron or lead. Printers' standard lock-up furniture is made lower than -'^4 of an inch high for two reasons: First, so that the furniture will be low enough to escape jxjssible inkings from the inking rollers, thus pre- venting ink markings in the blank portions of printed sheets. Second, to allow si)ace for feeding guides and "fenders" on platen presses. The majority of printers and box-makers use feeding guides made of brass, hardwood or lead, about 12 points high ( )/f, of an inch high). The fenders, j^laced on one side of each guide to prevent the sheets of box-board from extending over the tops of the guides, stand up even higher than ]/(, of an inch. These facts mean that the outside sections of a steel die, or series of dies, cannot be en- tirely blanked out with high furniture (-M or an inch high), as this high material would not allow sufficient sjjace for the feeding guides and fenders. If the high furniture was used in places where the guides and fenders strike, the guides would "smash" into the high furniture. The average steel die, or series of dies, will allow for at least one- inch margin of stock on all four sides for cutting purposes, and therefore, the die-maker should keep this fact in mind when placing high material on the outside sections of the die. A good rule to fol- low is to place high material, which is only about -^^ of an inch wide, on the outside sections of all steel rules, then blank out the remain- ing space in the chase with printers' wood furniture. Perfectly square pieces of black cherry. -Ki of an inch square, will serve ad- miral)lv for the outside sections of a steel die. SIMPLE METHOD OF PREVENTING STEEL DIE FROM WARPING Even in cases where all of the blanking-out material used in a steel die is perfectly accurate, so far as the term "perfect" may be 80 Improved MctJiods of Ciittim/ and Creasing used, often the die will warp decidedly when the lock-up squeeze is applied. In some instances, the lock-up pressure causes the surface of the die to take on a "toric" form. This is apt to result in difficult make-ready, as for the hest conditions of make-ready the entire sur- face of the die should he perfectly level. Warps may l)e easily avoided in all cutting and creasing forms, no matter how large or small the dies may he. hy the following sim])le method : From Manila paper, of ahout 80 ])()imd weight, or from any kind of good quality heavy wrapping pa])er. cut a numl)er of strips, ahout 18 inches long and ahout 3/16 of an inch wide. The length of the strips is not important, as they can he cut or pieced out to any length wanted, hut the width of tlie strips. 3 iT) of an inch, is very impor- tant. At the hottom end of the form, hetween two of the strips of blanking-out furniture, insert one of the strips of ])a])er. I'lace the strip of paper at the hottom of the strips (_)f furnitiu'e. and make sure that the strip ot ])aper is ])laced horizontallv even, not higher at one end than at the other. Xow repeat the same ()]ieration at the left-hand side of the f oriu ; that is. place a stri]) of the pa])er hetween two strips of fin-nitnre. in the same manner as at the bottom of the form. Then lock up the form with slow, gradual turns of the (|Uoin key, rather than by ra])id turns, and the die and all of its material will lie perfectly flat and even. The two strijjs of paper between the furniture, at the bottoiu, and on the left-hand side, have a remark- able influence u])on all material in the form. Have a ninnber of the ])aper strips in the drawer of the im])o>ition table readv for use. ADVANTAGES OF PRINTKR's BRASS Rll.i: AS SC'ORINCJ MV LV. Some box-makers are using ])rinters' labor-saving brass rule for scoring instead of steel scoring rule, for the reason that the ])rinters' brass rule comes in many assorted si/.e> ready for immediate use. i'\:)r example, the brass rule comes in a case, made expressly for the pur])ose, and in each compartment of this case are several ])ieces of rule of the same size. ( )n account of the brass rule coming in many different lengths, from 1 em long to C)0 ems long, with half-em-sizes, like I and ^4 ems. in between, it is possible for the box-maker to make \\\) from the wide assortment scoring rules of any length de- sired. For exam]:)le. the box-maker may want five ( 5 ) scoring rules, each five-and-one-half inches long. This would mean five brass rules, each one 33 ems long, and if these sizes were not at the time to be found in the case. the\- could easilv be made u]) from smaller pieces of rule, h'or exam])le. one ])iece of brass rule 17 ems long, and another piece i() ems long, would make, when put together, a strip 7^T^ ems long, or tlve-and-a-lialf inches long. 81 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Mciniifacturers We refer to full-face brass rule .918" lii?h, in j-point. 3-poiut. 4- point and 6-point. The great advantage of the i)rinters' labor-saving brass rule over steel scoring rule is in the l)rass rule being cut to so many diiTerent sizes, while it would be necessary for the die-maker to cut the steel rule to the various sizes needed. The brass rule will last for a life-time, and may 1)e used over and over again as scoring rules without sliowing serious signs of wear. BRASS FEEDINC; GUIDES WITH SELF-CONTAINED FENDERS Many pressmen who are working on regular cutting and creasing presses prefer brass feeding guides to those made of wot)d or lead. These brass guides are about % of an inch thick and al)out 1^2 inches square. They are attached to the i)laten. or rather to the sheet of box-board on tlic platen. I)y means of LePage glue. The Brass Feed Guide with Self-contained "Fender."' .Vote the undercut. This is done with an ordinary tile. side of the guide which is to l)e glued to the i)laten is first rul)bed on emerv paper which roughens the surface of the brass sufficiently to make it hold the glue firmly. Some pressmen take brass guides of this same size and undercut them at one end with a file or brass saw. so as to make a guide with a self-contained fender. 'I'lie undercutting is done to a point about 3/16 of an inch dee]), leaving an extension above about 1/32 of an inch thick. With brass guides of this shape none of the ordinary fenders are required, each guide having its own "fender" at the top. At first, this style of guide is a little difficult for the feeder, but within a sliort space of time the feeder becomes used to it. and thereafter will ])re- fer it to the ordinary guide and separate fender. OUT-OF-THE-ORDINARY METHOD OF MAKING READY A CUTTING AND CREASING FORM The regular method of making ready a cutting and creasing form, on either a cylinder press, or a platen ]:)ress, is as follows: xA-fter the form has been put on the ])ress, a sheet of chi])-b()ard. news-board, or strawl)oard is glued to the cylinder of a cylinder press, or to the platen of a platen press. All creasing rules in the form are inked by 82 Improved Methods of Ciittiny and Creasing means of a printers' hand roller and printers' black ink. An impres- sion of the form is then taken on the sheet of lx)x-board which has been glued on the cylinder, or platen, of the press. This causes all of the creasing rules in the form which have been inked to print in the sheet of box-board. Then, with a sharp make-ready knife, the pressman cuts out of the box-board all lines xvhich have been marked b\ the inked creasing rules. This is tedious work and calls for skill on the part of the pressman. If the scoring rules are of 2-point W'idth, the pressman cuts only about the same size line from out of the box-board; when the scoring rules are of 4-point width, the pressman cuts away only about the same size line on the foundation l)oard, and so on with other widths. After the make-ready has been completed, with all creasing lines cut out clean and even, and all cutting rules made perfectly level, the press is then ready for opera- tion. On each impression the cutting rules cut sharply into the sheet and cut out the necessary sha])e, while the scoring rules merely force the stock into the grooves which have been made for the scoring rules. Here is an out-of-the-ordinary method of making ready the scor- ing rules in a cutting and creasing form: Instead of cutting out the creasing lines form the foundation board, take stri])s of l)ox-l)oard, about one-inch wide, and any convenient length, and glue on these strips to the foundation board, on both sides of all lines marked l)y the scoring rules, it will be essential, of course, to glue on these strips accurately, leaving the right amount of space between each two strips. For example, for a 2-])oint creasing rule it will be necessary to space the two strips of box-l)oard only al)out ■■_'-])oints" apart, and so on. With this method of make-ready no cutting out work of any kind is needed on the foundation board, and the stri])s of l)ox-boar(l make possible more even grooves than those that are cut out of the founda- tion board with a knife. This ])lan saves a great deal of time over the ordinary method of make-ready, as it is a comparatively sinijile matter to have the strips of box-board cut on a ])a])er-cutting ma- chine, and to glue theiu in the pro]:)er ])ositions. After a little prac- tice, the press feeder will experience no trouble in feeding over the edges of the strips, but it is a good ])lan to bevel all edges which may interfere with tiie feeding. Some pressmen, after finishing the make- ready for a cutting and creasing form on a ])laten ]>ress. take a large sheet of thin Manila ]:)ai)er and glue it over the entire surface of the make-ready. This ])rotects the make-ready to some extent, and makes the work of feedinir easier. 83 S(i/('s Suijgcst'wns for Paper Box Maviifcicturcrs THE BEST METHODS OF "c'()KKIN(i" FORMS One ot the best methods of "corkini^" a eutting and creasing form, on either a cylinder ])ress or ])]aten ])ress, is in nsing the pat- ented strip cork which is now on the market. 'I'his form of cork comes in long stri])s. of various widths and lliicknesses. and is rounded on the sm-face which comes in contact with the sheets of I)ox-hoard. \\ illi this cork, the ])ressman simply cuts stri])s to the required lengths, and then glues them on the top of wood furniture on either side of the steel cutting rules. 'i'here are strips of rnl)l)er. made in various sizes, which can he used in the same way as the strips of cork. Some pressmen ])refer using individual corks, and have large quantities of the corks, cut to required sizes, ready for immediate use. The great advantage of the -Strip cork, however, is in its being of uniform height, while it is hardly j)ossil)le to cut a large number of separate corks bv hand to exactly the same height. vSome pressmen would claim that various sizes of corks would not matter in the work of cutting and creasing but the writer is of the o])inion that corks of irregular heights often cause break-downs in the make-ready, h'or exam])le. if a spacious cutting and creasing form on a ])laten press is corked to a greater extent on the left-liand side tlian on tlie riglit-hand side, it seems natural that the cutting rules on the right-hand side will be subjected to more pressure than the rules on the other side. This would mean that the rules on the right-hand side would we.ar down more ra])idly than the rules on the left-hand side. The same argument aj)i)lies to using indixidual corks of various heights in ditferent parts of the form. Place corks, >4 i'l^-'li liigli. '" one ])lace, and corks 's inch high, in another place, and there will result irregular impressions which will cause the tine cutting surface of certain rules to wear more than the cutting .surface of other rules. The effects will be noticeable on a long run. and frequent repairs to the make-ready will be necessarv. In all cases ot corking cutting and creasing forms the corking- material should all be of uniform height, so that everything in the make-ready will be as even as ])ossible. In a well-regulated folding box manufacturing ])lant all of the "high" blanking-out material which is placed either side of cutting rules should be of uniform height, say 34 of an inch high, and all cork>, rubber and stri]) cork, should be of uniform height, say ^k; of an inch high. This ])lan would be the means of saving a great deal of make-ready time during the course of a year, and would help in training efficient apprentices. When running large cutting and creasing forms which contain 84 Improved Methods of Culthnj and Crcasincj much l)lauk space inside the main cuttint; and creasing rules, card- l)oard "henders," or s])rings. may often he used in the hlank spaces in addition to the corks near the rules. A l)ender may he made of folding l)ristol l)oard. or of a light-weight l)in(lers' l)oard. Some "henders" are folded from l)inders' hoard pieces as large as 8x5 inches, and when glued to the surface of furniture, inside cutting and creasing rules, appears like this rough diagram: ••Bender " or -spring, made of binders' board, or lolding bristol. Iscl lor ••pushing" cut stock from off the steel rule die. The bottom of the spring is glued to a piece of blanking-out wood inside the die. A "hender" of this type will help greatly in "pushing" sheet^ from off cutting and creasing rules, and yet it does not imi)o.se a severe ta.x on the impression. It should he understood that corks are essential on hoth sides of cutting rules, even in cases where large-size "hend- ers" are used. XOTE • (Complete instructions for the making of all kinds of paper boxes, making steel dies making readv forms for cutting and creasing, and other inlormation ot this character mav be "found in the book entitled. ••How Paper Boxes Are Made, published by the Shears Publishing Company, of LaFayette. Indiana. The price ot this book is $2. .50 per copy, and every box-maker should have a copy.l 85 •^>C CHAPTER VIII >*• CUTOUTS PAPER BOX MEN CAN PRODUCE \'I^R^' paper box manufacturer who is operating a cut- ting and creasing department in his plant is naturally in a position to make all kinds of cutouts in addition to manufacturing all varieties of folding boxes and cartons. This is a statement which doubtless will be deeply interesting to many readers, but we sliall make this statement still more interesting by adding that in this chapter an attempt will be made to ex])lain how this class of work is done. What do we mean by the term "Cutouts?" Xo doubt the ma- jority of ])aper 1)ox makers are familiar with this term, but there may be some who are not acquainted with it, so for that reason it may be well for all concerned to have this a])])ellation minutely ex- plained. Under the heading. "Cutouts," come fancy ])artitions for set-up paper boxes, odd-shaped fans of cardboard, photograph folders, leather novelties, cardboard toys, fancy cardboard pictures for Christ- mas, St. \'alentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day. Kastcr. New Year, etc. ; all kinds of odd-shaped advertising signs and novelties made of card- board ; and a wide variety of cardboard "set-ins" for garter boxes, necktie boxes, collar-button boxes and combination holiday boxes used for liolding suspenders, garters, sleeve-holders, etc. The term. "Cutouts," also ajiplies to a large number of display-cards used for holding w^atch-chains, soft-collar pins, made-uj) neckties, watch fobs, souvenirs, and so forth. One Philadelphia paper Ixix manufacturer for many years has been specializing in the production of fancy holiday boxes, many of which contain partitions, or "set-ins," of orinigal design and con- struction. This manufacturer is continually ])lanning new things in Christmas boxes, Easter boxes, candy boxes, and other paper boxes of this variety, many of which have proven exceedingly ])opular. In some instances the orders for special holiday boxes run as high as from 50,000 to 100.000. On several occasions the orders for certain 86 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box JManiifactiirers "l)ig numbers" were so heavy that the manufacturer found it impos- sible to handle all of them. Among the many diiTerent specialties produced by this manufac- turer are fancy necktie boxes, shirt-waist boxes, and combination gift boxes, the latter designed to hold a pair of suspenders and a pair of men's garters. These gift boxes have made a big hit with many haberdashers and dry goods dealers for the reason that the boxes and their contents can be attractively disi:)layed in the show windows and sales-rooms. A "set-in" for one of these novelty boxes is made in the same shape as a lid for a plain set-up box. with four corners cut out of the blank. But. in addition to the four corners, "windows" of vari- ous forms are also cut out of the Ijlank to conform with the shapes of articles that are to be placed in the box. For example, the set-in for the coml)ination gift box. which is to hold a pair of suspenders and a pair of men's garters, has four windows — two long and nar- row, and two shaped like the shield-shaped i)ads on men's garters. The pair of susjjenders is ])ut in the box and folded like a large-size "X," and between the "X." are placed the garters, one at the top and the other at the bottom. When the completed "set-in" is placed inside the box, and overtop of the suspenders and garters, portions of these articles are shown through the windows of the set-in. As mentioned, the set-in is usually made on the same j^lan as a lid for a set-up box. the four sides bending over aliout -)8 of an inch. The corners are not stayed. 'Phe set-ins are made of various kinds of folding cardboard, "Litho," coated-one-side, being excellent for color printing and embossing. The printed matter usually consists of floral designs reproduced in colors, and borders done either in colors or gold. Often the floral designs are handsomely embossed, and in some cases the borders also are embossed. The main purpose of the printed matter appearing on the set-ins is to reflect the holiday spirit, and this may be admir- ably accomplished bv the employment of the right designs and colors. The beautiful poinscttia flower, faithfully re])roduced in its natural red. and its deep green leaves as background, makes a splendid sub- ject for the Christmas season. A small bunch of oj'chids. re])r()duce(l in their delicate tints, offers an ideal suggestion as a set-in decora- tion for the Easter season. As a general rule, no advertising matter of any kind aj^jiears on the set-ins for gift boxes us'ed for shirtwaists, suspenders, neckties and combinations. The manufacturer of the complete gift l)Oxes sells tliem to large wliolesalers in haberdashery, dry goods, etc., who 87 Sales Suggestions for Pcipcr Box Maniifacliiycrs A "Set in" for a holiday gift box to hold a pair of suspenders. Printed in red. green and gold and then embossed. Cut out and scored. Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce jxick the boxes witli p()i)ulai" things hke suspenders, garters and neckties, and who then sell the boxes and their contents, in gross lots, to the retailers, v^ome of the larger retailers buy the holiday boxes and set-ins direct from the i)aper l)ox makers and then pack the boxes themselves with desirable specialties. One of the big depart- ment stores recently featured gift l)oxes. equipped with attractive set-ins. and ]Kicked with a "combination" consisting of a man's scarf, Attractive "Set-in" for holiday sift box to hold a pair of men".'* garters and iiair of suspenders. Printed in three colors, gold and enitsossed. Cut out and scored. 89 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers pair of pad garters and a pair of suspenders. Thousands of these "specials" were purchased by both men and women for gift purposes. HOW THE CUTOUT WORK IS DONE All cutout work for set-ins, folding boxes, advertising novelties, fancy holiday boxes, fans, valentines, etc., is done after the sheets have been printed or lithographed. The cutting is done with dies made of steel cutting rule, and cutting of this kind can be done either r <^ Another attractive "Set-in" for holiday gift box to hold a pair of men's garters and pair of suspenders. Printed in three colors, gold and embossed. Cut out and scored. 90 Cutouts Paper Box Men Ccin Produce on a platen printing press, or on a standard cutting and creasing platen press. It is also possible to do all kinds of cutout work on cyl- inder presses, but for tbe diiTerent kinds of product referred to in this chapter a standard cutting and creasing platen press is recommended. In the case of a cutting die for a set-in. both cutting rules and scoring rules are essential. The cutting rules, of course, cut all the way through the stock, but the scoring rules merely score the stock for bending purposes. Four sides of a set-in are scored, leaving a folding margin of about ^ of an inch. At each of the four corners formed by the four scoring rules are two pieces of steel cutting rule, placed at right-angles, for cutting out the four corners. A steel die for cutting out a set-in therefore accomplishes three dilTerent things on a single operation: First, the cutting out of the "windows," or openings; second, the scoring of the four lines for folding ; third, the cutting out of the four corners. As many as four complete set-ins can be cut out and scored simul- taneously on a large-size cutting and creasing platen press. In the construction of all odd-shaped steel cutting dies such as circles, semi-circles, half-moon, heart, shamrock, flowers, etc.. only laminated board, 5-ply, and 11/16 of an inch thick, should be used for holding the rules. A cardboard model of the subject to be cut and scored is made, and this model is then laid over the face of the piece of laminated board, held temporarily at the four corners by pins stuck into the board. All places where cutting rules and scoring rules are to be inserted are then plainly marked with a pencil on the board, following the shape of the model. The model is removed, and then all lines which have been marked with the pencil on tlie board are carefully cut out with a jig saw. Standard steel cutting rule is .923-incli in height, and standard steel scoring rule is .y 18-inch in height. For all sections of a steel cutting die which involve curves and odd-l)endings, soft steel cutting rule is u.sed. Hard steel cutting rule is used for all straight line forms such as a square, oblong, diamond, etc. After the pieces of soft cutting rule have been bent to the re- quired shapes, they ave hardened bv means of heating to a cherrv red in a furnace or gas-flame, and by then immersing the heated I)ieces in fish oil. After the steel rules have been firmly fixed in the proper positions in the laminated board, the die is complete and ready to be locked in a chase. The make-ready for forms of this class is comparatively simple, and yet it is essential to have an al)solutely even impression. Exces- sive impression, and uneven impression, are responsible for first-class 91 Sales Suyijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers cutting and creasing dies flattening out within a short space of time. In the make-ready of a steel cutting and scoring form, the smooth surface of the steel platen plate acts as a counter-die, except in places where the scoring rules are to strike. The counter-die for the scor- ing rules is made simply of stri])s of heavy l)ox-l)oard, each strij) A ("utout lor Kaster in the t'onn of a rabbit. al)out one-inch wide, and lung enough to ])rovide for the full length of the scoring rule it i> to work with. A stri]) ot hox-hoard is glued to the platen ])late on either side of each scoring rule, in this manner forming the counter-die. In the case of light-weight Litho stock the strips are not even necessary, as the scoring rule heing lower in height (.918-inch) than the cutting rule (which is .923-inch), the scoring lines are made liglitly without extending so deeply into the stock as to hreak it. Strips of cork, or pieces of corks about ^ of an inch in height are glued to the blank ])ortions of the die, on either side of all cutting rules. This is done for the ])ur])ose of removing cut sheets of stock from the forn.i. 92 Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce CUTOUTS FOR CHRISTMAS, EASTER, VALENTINE DAY AND OTHER HOLIDAYS During- the last few years fancy cutouts for Christinas. Easter, X'alentine Day and other holiday occasions have become more pop- ular than ever before, and at the present time numerous ])rinting and lithographing' ]:)lants are busy on large orders for these novelties. Many l)ox manufacturing ])lants are also active in this class of work. Among the most ]:)opular numbers of the cutouts are figures of girls and boys, dolls, comical men and women, birds, animals and so '*>• » A pretty Cutout in the form of a ■WalkiiiK Doll. " The figure is equipped with a wheel having five "legs," and when a wheel is turned it appears as though tlie doll walks. forth, all ])rinted or lithographed in ])right. warm colors. B^ach figure is cut out to shajH-. and is (.'(luipped with a folding brace of cardboard at the back so that it can be made to sta.nd. v^ome of the funny pictures of girls have imitation gems inserted as car decora- tions, hat pins or other marks of ornamentation, and the effort is very pleasing. Unique paper novelties of this varictv are always in strong de- mand in stationery stores, toy shops, department stores, drug stores and in manv other sho])s. vSome of the larger novelty ])aper box concerns have traxeling salesmen on the road taking advance orders 93 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers for the cutouts from wholesalers as well as from retailers. It is a line that sells in towns of all sizes in all parts of the country. :\Iore- over. it is a line that can be exi)orted advantageously to numerous foreign countries. Stock of inexpensive but durable grades is used for the cutouts, the printing or lithographing being done on the full-size sheets. Process color printing is well adapted to picture work of all kinds for folding boxes, novelty boxes, and cutouts, but in most instances the new offset process of lithography is now being used. Some of A plain Cutout for Easter in the form of a chick. the paper box manufacturers have the color printing or lithograph- ing done by trade concerns, but attend to the cutout part of the work in their own plants. It is an interesting fact that even a small cutting and creasing plant, devoted to the production of folding boxes and cartons, is also adapted to the production of all varieties of cutouts such as cardboard fans, wall-pockets, advertising novelties, etc. We mean by this state- ment that any manufacturer of folding boxes may immediately enter the business of making cutouts without finding it necessary to install additional mechanical equipment. We take it for granted that the average manufacturer of folding boxes is also operating a printing 94 Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce department, and even a small printing department can l)e made to produce colored picture work of the kind required for cardboard novelties. In the case where the paper lx)x manufacturer would like to enter the field of fancy cutouts, but would not care to i)roduce the colored picture work in his own plant, arrangements can be made with a printer or lithographer to do all the picture work. It would be well, however, for the box maker to originate his own designs and subjects, and to have them copyrighted. The demand is for new ideas in paper novelties — new shapes, unique figures, and beautiful color etTects. It is not such a costly proposition as it may seem for a box manufacturer to have a good commercial artist prepare a few dozen original subjects for cutouts. The more attractive the novelties as to forms and colorings, the greater the amount of sales. In these days it is easier to sell high grade cutouts than it is to sell those of the common grade. ODD-SHAPED CANDY BOXES FOR HOLIDAY OCCASIONS The writer enjoyed the privilege of visiting a large ])a])er box factory where many different kinds of odd-shaped jiaper l)oxes were being made. These included small heart-shaped boxes for St. Valen- tine's Day; small shamrock-shaped boxes for vSt. Patrick's Day; chimney-shaped boxes with Santa Clans at the top for Christmas; hatchet-shaped boxes for Washington's birthday, and "L'ncle Sam hats" for Memorial Day and Independence Day. There were also "Irishmen's hats." covered with black paper and trimmed with green ribbon; boxes shaj)ed like a book, and folding boxes in the form of small Colonial churches of red l)rick. The "Uncle Sam hat" was ])articularly attractive, shaped like an old-fashioned silk hat, and covered with colored pai)er in such a man- ner as to have white stars with a field of blue at the top. and red- and-white stripes on the sides of the crown and on the brim. The wide brim consisted of a cardboard cutout. A small round paper box was glued to the brim, and the crown of the hat slipped over this box, forming the lid. These boxes which are exceedingly popular, are used for holding candv of the "button" variety, and are bought by candy manufacturers and retailers in large quantities. The "Irishmen's hats" are made on the same i)lan as the "'Uncle Sam hat." and are used as candy boxes for holding green sweets of various kinds. Only a few of the most ])o])ular odd-shai)ed ])ai)er boxes have been mentioned to indicate the wonderful field for this line of product. 95 Sales Sitgqcstions for Paper Box IManufactnrcrs Any paper box maker, by studying over tlie familiar types of boxes now on the market, can obtain ideas for new types of boxes. A cut- ting and creasing press, and the proper material for building steel dies, enables the box manufacturer to produce anytliing in flic zvay of a faiicv cutout, and by using out-of-the-ordinary cutouts in the con- struction of odd-shaped Ixtxes. many unique effects may be obtained. The hatchet-shaped boxes for Washington's l)irthday is a cutout proposition with the exception of the tube, and the assembling and I'M AT IT AGAIN M t >i V Chr i A pleasing Cutout in llie lorni of a ("liristnias carci. Fisurc has iniitalion jewel set in one ear. covering must be done l)y hand operators who have had long experi- ence in such work. Fancy jxiper baskets, l)on-bon holders, cones, etc.. used as favors at banquets and parties, are comparatively easy to make, and with the aid of odd-shaped cutouts, such novelties can be made excep- tionally attractive. For exam])le. at one banquet the ice cream was served in fancy round ])aper boxes, the side of the box consisting of a printed series of dancing figures, the upper portions of the 96 Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce figures cut out to form. The figures were printed in Ijright colors, and the completed hox. equipped with a hall of ice cream, presented a pleasing offering. To obtain l)eautiful eft'ects in cutouts, printing or lithographing is not always essential for color. With the great variety of fancy colored glazed jiapers that the hox makers now have at their com- mand, it is possible to make an endless number of designs and color effects. For example, one large-size candy l)ox is covered with embossed paper of robin's-egg blue tint. The shape of the hox is oval, extension top and bottom and domed top. 'I'he sides of the hox contain about a dozen silhouettes, which were cut from dark-blue glazed paper and then ])asted on. The box is tied with heavy satin ribbon of the same shade as the silhouettes. Is it any wonder that high-class candv dealers have little trouble in selling expensive sweets in boxes like this .'' Al)\ KKTISING SKiXS .AND CllOl IS The field for advertising signs and novelties is so vast that we can merely give an outline of the work in this chapter. It is a field that has been developed liberally during the last few years, but there is still room for thou.sands of new '■pros])ectors." and there is no reason at all why many of the ])a])er box manufacturers cannot enter it with profitable returns. Many of the larger wholesalers of food products are sui)])lying the retailers who handle their goods with handsome cutouts for window and store displays. These cutouts, along with samples of the gotxls advertised, are usually planned to link the window trim with a national advertising cam])aign, with the result that the retailer using the display benefits in the way of gaiifing new business; that is, new business created l)y the national advertising cam])aign. In niunerous instances a large printing concern not only plans the national advertising caiupaign for a maufactiu-er or wholesaler, but also i)roduces for the c;;mnaign beautiful paper boxes, colored pos- ters, booklets, catalogs, and attractive cutouts for window dis])lays. This explains why some of the larger printing concerns are operat- ing paper l)ox making departments, or at least, cutthig and creasing departments. It also explains why many ])rogressive ])ai)er l)()x manufacturers are operating first-class printing departments in con- nection with their ])lants. One of the large candv concerns is using a beautitul illustrated cutout for advertising specialties. This cutout is lithographed in colors and it pictures a nunil)er of pretty candy boxes in addition to 97 Sales Siiyyi'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers a fine landscape. These cutouts are placed in the display windows of drug stores, stationery stores and other sh()])s where the hetter grades of boxed candy are sold. Aini.K riSI NG \()\KLTIKS Among the many different kinds of advertising novelties coming under the head of cutouts are odd-shaped fans of cardboard, fancy wall calendars, wall ])ockets. paper drinking cups, and ])aper caps for workingmen. All of these things are designed to contain advertis- ing matter, and are distributed gratis bv the purchasers of the adver- tising matter. The advertising fans usually contain colored i)ictures on one side and advertising matter on the other side. Fans of this ty]K' are fitted with wood handles, wire stitched or tacked on. The wood handles are su])j:)lied by any of the: larger paper houses. In addition to the l)()pular i)ear-shaped, many cardboard fans are also cut out in the forms of ovals, circles, square with round corners, and octagonal. All of these shapes require wooden handles. Why not a wing-shaped fan of heavy cardboard, printed and cut out to resemble a small-size feather fan? .\ fan of this shape would recjuire m* wooden handle and would a|)])eal j^articularly to the fair sex. Cardboard fans of the kind referred to are cut out as many as ten at a time on a large-size cutting* and creasing ])ress. 'J'he dies are made of steel cutting rule, bent to the necessary forms. A wall ])ocket is hung upon a wall in a pantry or kitclien, and is useful for holding brushes, papers, matches, etc. Some cardboard wall pockets are cut out of a single piece of stock and then folded to the proper shape, while others are made of two or more pieces of cardboard. Not a few wall ])ockets have "filigree." or fancy open work, involving intricate steel die building, but it is possible to make an attractive wall pocket, without anv open work, by having all edges (){ the stock used in its construction nicely scallo])ed. Many of the best pictorial wall calendars are lithographed or printed in colors; are then embossed and tlnall\- are cut out into fancy shapes on a cutting and creasing press. Calendars of this variety are sold in lots of from loo to i.ooo or more to retail storekeej^ers in almost every line of business. The storekeepers have their adver- tisements neatly printed on the face of the calendars which are pre- sented to customers as well as to pros])ective ])atrons. Pajier caps f(;r workingmen. made in both oval and scjuare shapes, and containing ad\ertising matter, are given out by the advertisers at labor meetings. ])icnics, conventions, excursions, etc. In much 98 Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce the same way are the (h-inking cups distrihuted. The paper drink- ing cups are cut, pasted and fokled in such a manner that a dozen or more may he phiced in a man's coat pocket. DISPLAY CARDS FOR HmONS, PINS, ETC. Display cards for hokhng chains, soft-collar pins, huttons. and so forth, are made of a thick grade of paper hoard, covered with white or tinted glazed paper. Holes, or slits, are cut in the card for hold- ing the articles which are to he displayed. Dies for cutting the holes or .slits are made of 2-point steel cutting rule, and the cutting work may he done on any kind of a platen i)ress. .Advertising matter is printed on the face of the dis])kiy cards which are set on top of show ca.ses in retail stores. oriii.R Ki.NDS OF crrouTS Among the many other kinds of cardhoard cutouts that any pai)er box maker can readily produce are set-ins for hat l)oxes. cut with a round or oval hole for holding the crown of a hat; set-ins for ]K'r- fumery and jewelry l)oxes; and ".sanitary" hoxes, e(|ui])ped with a slot at one side, for holding adhesive tape. 99 -H. CHAPTER IX > SUGGESTIONS FOR NEW DESIGNS IN TOPS, LABELS AND WRAPPERS •^ «li;*!il> rr> RllJJ.Wr is the fiiturt' for tliosc paper box manufac- turers who are capal)le of olTeriug the l)uying public new ideas in the form of attractive packages. The public is ever on the watch for new things that are pleasing to the eye and a l)eautiful paper l)ox immediately wins favor. Progressive paper box manufacturers have long recognized this truth, of course, and are profiting bv originating new designs in box-tops, labels and wrappers as well as the boxes themselves. It always pays for a manufacturer to plan new things in his line. The paper box manufacturer who merely works on regular orders and who never offers liis customers, or prospectives. new sugges- tions for boxes, box-toj^s, labels or wrappers, is "cheating" himself out of a lot of good business. The box manufacturer should not be satisfied with the ordinary orders that come to his office during the regular course of business. These are the same orders which might easily go to a competitor, lie should make it a practice to think out new designs in paper boxes, wrappers, etc.. for the benefit of the merchandising field in general. When you originate something new and attractive in the form of a paper box. box-top. label or wrapper, you can usually sell quantity orders at your own figures. This is not always the case when the customer gives you a common-place order. -An interesting book of luany hundred pages could be written on the scUing pmvcr of beautiful packages, btit here we must content ourselves with a few ])ages on this subject. Think of the millions of dollars worth of merchandise that is sold yearly in this country with the aid of attractive paper boxes! Paper boxes have played an exceedingly important part in the development of many of the great American industries ; they have contributed to the business success of many of the best known manufacturing concerns ; and, there is not a retail store in the entire community that has not gained new busi- ness with the help of ])aper boxes. 100 New Dcs'ujns in Tops, Lahi'ls and Ifnippcys The average ])a])er l)(»x niaiuifacturer is certainly a modest person. He does not seem to realize the splendid work that he is doing in the way of develoj^ing hnsiness for the commercial world in general. Whenever he designs a new paper box. label or wrapper, he has probably produced something that eventually will help increase busi- ness for an endless miiuber of wholesalers and retailers. So much for the romantic side of this subject. Xow we shall take up the practical side with the intention of suggesting money- making ideas for any box manufacturer who will give these sugges- tions the essential study, h'ortunatel)-. the writer is in a ])osition not only to offer some helpful suggestions but also to tell how the practical work may be ])roduced. 'I'his statement is not meant in an egotistical sense. 'Phe fact is that the writer has had ojjportunities of seeing nianv new things ])roduced in certain ])lants, and this infor- mation is now being ])asscd on to the rea book. Kindly note. howe\er. that the information about new designs, etc., ofifered in the following ])aragra])lis. is changed in such a man- ner as not to infringe ui)on the originators' rights. The reader is res])ectfully re(|uested to make use of his own imagination and is advisedj to change things around somewhat so that the various sug- gestions may be adopted to the reader's best advantage. For in- stance, why not a "blue (lower" (k'sign lor a wrai)i)er instead of a "blue bird" design ? .\ BOX WK.Al'IM.K Willi A Ki-ll. HIRD DI.SKiN The blue bird is regarded as the symbol ol hap])ines>. I )r. Henry \'an Dyke, poet and author, has adopted "The lUue J*'lower." in his book of that name, to "signify ha])i)iness. the sat is taction of heart." We see, then, that gracefullv-tornuul cand\' boxes. wra])ped with paper containing pictures ot either blue birds or blue Howers. have more than ordinar\- significance, and we can understand whv a thoughtful lover would prefer bming caiid\' lor bis lad\' in boxes of that variety. One ]ia])er box manulacturer ])lanned a blue ])ird di'sign for a box wrapper that subsecjuentK' scored a "hit" among candy makers. Several manufacturers of line handkerchiefs and neckwear also adopted the same st\le ol wrapper lor ibeu' luu' ol ])aper boxes. The design was made up of a large mnnber of small-size tigiu'cs of l)lue birds. ])rinted on white glazed ])a])er. Tlu' breasts of the birds were ])rinte(l in a vellowish-bulT lint, the balance of the figures being ]>rinte(l in a warm tone of blue. This color scheme was ])leasing to the eye of the average i)erson. anx manufacturers' printing plants to print all kinds of box wraj^pers on platen presses, and this custt)m is all right in cases where the runs do not exceed from To.ooo to 20,000. With longer runs, say from 25,000 to loo.ooo, it is more economical to print tlie \vrai)pers. four u]) on a sheet, on a cylinder press than to print tliem .single on a ])laten ])ress. Special designs like the blue I)ird pattern referred to can l)e ])r()(luced on a cylinder press, four or more on a sheet, to excellent adxantage. After the original design for a box \vra])per has been drawn and l)assed upon, the drawing is sent to a ])hoto-engraver who makes a ])late of the desired size from the drawing. Hy moving the position of his big camera backward or forward the })hoto-engraver can pro- duce a printing ])late with detail larger or smaller than the detail of the original drawing. When a design is to be i)rinted in two or more colors, it is necessary for the photo-engraver to make a sepa- rate printing plate for each color. The one drawing will serve the photo-engraver in etching two or more .seimrate ])lates for colors. After a photo-engraving of a design had been completed, the photo- engraving is sent to an electrotyper who is instructed to make as many electroty])es of the engraving as may ])e rec|uired. For a long nm of wrai)])ers on a cylinder press — a run which will ])robably have re])eat orders in the future — from four to eight electrotypes are usually made. In one i)rinting office the writer saw running at high speed a large cylinder ])ress with a form containing eight (8) electro- types of an "all-over" ])attern for box wrappers. The "all-over" pattern suggested an imitation grained leather effect. ])rinted in dark green ink on glazed paper of primrose tint. When ])aper boxes were neatly covered witli tliis jirinted paper the etTect was handsome in- deed. THE IMITATION MAR B Li". EEFEC I" Here is an idea for an out-of-the-ordinary ])ox wrap])er which was thought out by a well-known paper l)ox manufactiu'er and which proved to be a "big number" : First, the box manufacturer had made an original drawing sug- gesting a photographic reproduction of beautifully formed marble, or stone. The drawing was done on white cardboard, and from this sketch a spacious half-tone plate was etched l)y a])hoto-engraver. The half-tone plate was large enough to completely cover a sheet of glazed pai)er which in turn was large enough to cover a good-size set-up paper box. A smaller size half-tone plate was made from the same drawing to serve for the wrapper for the lid of the box. 102 New Dcsiyns in Tops, Labels and Jf^rappcrs Second, four electrotypes were made of the larger-size half-tone for the box wrappers, and four electrotypes were made from the smaller-size half-tone for the lid wrappers. Third, all of the eight electrotypes were locked uj) together in a chase to be run on a cylinder press, about i i() of an inch space be- ing allowed between the edges of the ])lates to provide for trimming after the sheets had been printed. Fourth, the sheets were then printed in various tints, white glazed stock being used. One lot of sheets was printed in shell-pink tint, another lot was done in turquoise blue tint ; still another lot of stock was printed in pale pea green. The ditTerent effects were strikingly beautiful, and the delicate coloring made it appear as though the paper had originally, been made with the marble pattern instead of the backgroimd having been printed on the pa])er. On account of the design ])eing printed in such light shades of ink the fine screen of the half-tone plates was ])ractically in\isible. yet the detail of the pattern could readily be seen. After a su])ply of these \vra])pers had I)een ])rinted and cut apart to required sizes, the manufacturer had srunples of the wra])])ers mailed to a carefully selected list of customers and pros]K^ctives, along with a form letter calling attention to the new line. 'I'he letter also explained that the manufacturer would gladly furnish sample I)oxes covered with the uni(|ue wrapping i)aper. on recjuest. This manufactiu'er employs a munber of traveling salesmen and samples of the "marl)le" wrappers, along with samples of other new-style wra|)]iers. were placed in the hands of these salesmen. It was not long before the manufacturer bad received a dozen or more sul:)stantial orders for paper Ixixes covt'red with the specially- designed wrapi)ers mentioned, and in several instances the orders came from new customers- former "prospectives" that the manu- facturer had been trying to win for some years ])ast. These new patrons liad been gained simply because the bo.x-maker had demon- strated to them a business-l)uilding idea which they could use to advantage, and there was no higgling oxer the ((ueslion of ])rice. A CUKCKER-HOAKI) DI.SKJX ■ Another enterprising ])ai)er box manufacturer ])laimed a series of new-designed box wra])pers which eventually led to substantial orders for paper lioxes. ( )ne of tlie most {popular designs of the series was a miniature checker-l)oard pattern. 'IMiis ]iattern. consisting of solid l)locks about ]4, cf an inch s(|uare. was printed in two colors on plain white label jiaper. Se\er.'il different color schemes were used like 10.3 SaUs Siiyycstwns for Paper Box Manufacturers pale pink and tint green, pale blue and buff, yellow and black, etc. Tbe effect was delightful, suggesting a "Mardi-Cxras" atmosphere. These checker-board wrappers were applied to odd-shaped boxes of various kinds. An oval-shaped box, used for holding two pounds of an expensive ])rand of candw presented a particularly handsome appearance. Another novelty was a round box with extension top and bottom, covered with the checkered paper in pale pink and tint green. J'llK STRIFE KFFECr IN' WRAPPERS Doubtless the reader has often seen large-size hat l)oxes covered with strii)ed i)ai)er of various colors, the stri])es usuallv as wide as half-an-inch and printed in black, dark blue or ])ro\\n. This is the design which probably led one box manufacturer to a])ply practically the same pattern to a series of wrap])ers for smaller-size boxes, and the idea turned out (piite successful. These strii)ed wrappers were printed in large sheets on a c\linder press from electrot\'pes containing M)lid lines about ' ,s of an inch wide, and these lines spaced ai)art ' s of an inch. The printing was done on ])lain white label ])aper in dift'erent coIims like i)earl gray, burnt-orange, bronze blue, olive green, dark ])ro\\n and emerald green, \\ith the striped pajjer ap])lied to the boxes with the strijies running \ertical. the effect was highly satisfactory. One da}' the foreman of the press-room where a large order of these stri|)ed wra])pers were being ])ro(luce(l. sto])ped to inspect one of tbe ])rinted sheets, and while glancing at the rows of long lines on the sheet he suddenly thought of a unique idea for a two-color effect. The thought was to use the same form which was on the ])ress for ])rinting a second color after the brst color had been ap- ])lie(l. This idea was carried out with gratifving results. ( )ne form was ])rinted in bronze blue on plain white ])a])er. The ])ress and rollers were then writhed up for a >econd color — a delicate tint blue made by mixing a \ery small (|uantity of the bronze blue with a (juantity of mixing white ink. Tlu' feeding guide on the press was then moved so that the second color would ])rint and register be- tween the white spaces formed by the rules, or lines, on the first printing. ( )ther pleasing coUtr schemes were dark brown and light brown tint, dark green and light green tint. etc. The main advantage of this simple-two-color ])lan is that a com- parativt'l}' inex])ensive grade of white label ])aper may be used, and ot course, any kind of color or tint can be ])rinted on white ])aper without ditffculty. Practically the same color effects — dark blue and pale blue stripes, dark brown and tint brown stripes, etc. — may be obtained with one 104 New Di'siyns in Tops, Labels and JFrappcrs printing l)y using stuck of the desired tint, although it is not always an easy matter to buy. an inexpensive grade of label paper made in assorted tints. Print stripes in bronze blue on light blue paper ( for example j. and the effect will be almost as good as though the light blue "stripes," formed l)y the light blue paper, had been printed on. OUT-()F-rHi:-()KDINAKV BOX TOPS Some paper box manufacturers are making a si)eci{dtv of color printing as applied to wrappers for lids of set-up paper boxes, and in many instances the box-tops, as they are often termed, are the means of making the paper boxes exceedingly attractive. The ]x)x tops usually consist of white or colored glazed paper, cut to a size that will adequately cover the top and sides of the box lid, and printed in one or more colors. Frequently the printed subject is a beautiful picture, done in three or four colors, and then embossed. Often the l)icture is framed in a gold-leafed, or bronzed border which is also embossed. The writer is i)ers()nall}- acipiainted witli several paper ])ox manu- facturers who are continually producing fancy box-to])s of this variety, and tads are offered herewith technically exj)laining how some of the color effects are produced. One of the most successful designs was the picture of a buncli of lilacs, faithfully reproduced in the ])ale. pinkish-purple color of this flower on white glazed paper. It recjuired four (4) separate half- tone plates and four successive printings — yellow, red, blue and black — to complete the colored i)icture, but the results were worth the time and trouble. Absolute close-register feeding was essential, and process cok)r printing inks of fme ([uality were also neces.sary. Alter the pictures had l)een printed and allowed to dry, the subject was embossed so as lo form a buncli of lilacs in has relief. The quality and beauty of this box-top were so excellent that ui)on seeing a few samjjjes a certain manufacturer of toilet articles imme- diately placed an order for many thousands of set-up l)oxes to have lids covered with wrappers like the samples. Many other large orders for [)a])er lioxes ha\e been "created" with the help of handsome box-tops like the lilac design referred to. Among some of the ])opular mnnbers were the following: Pictin-e ot three American IJeautv roses, printed in true colors with process color ])lates (yellow, red. blue and dark grev). This design was embossed. I'lcture of bunch ot violets, done in process colors and enilxissed. Picture of two orchids, beautifully rein-oduced in natural colors and embossed. 105 Sdlt'S Sucjcic'stions for Paper Box Manitfactiircys Picture of three po'niscttia ('"Christmas flower"), t^racefully grouped and shar])ly eml)ossed. This numher proved immensely popular during the Christmas season as wrap]:)ers tor handkerchief boxes, neckwear hoxes, candy boxes, etc., and judging from this record, this design will maintain its pt)])ularity for years to come. A well-known manufacturer of candy desired an unusual design for a i)aper l)ox wrap])er — a design that woukl advertise the name of his product to good advantage — and with this purpose in mind he went to a certain ])aper box man and asked for his advice. After a short conference the box-maker suggested a design for the wrapper which subsequently was adopted, and which is now familiar to buyers of candy in many ])arts of the United States. This design, originally outlined with a lead ])encil by the ])a])er box man referred to. consists of an "'all-oNer" pattern formed by hun- dreds of reproductions of the candy manufacturer's name, written in a heavy toned scrij)!. This pattern is first prmted in gold size; rich-gold bronze powder is dusted over the size, and after the print- ing is dry. all of the detail is sharply embossed, (ilazed paper of primrose color is used, and the gold embos.sed pattern on this back- ground makes a rich appearance. TVPK-.\M>-li()RllI.K FORMS FOR B()\-I"()PS It is surprising what an artistic typographer can j^-oduce in the way of type-and-border designs for box-tops. Handsome effects are produced from display type series like Ho(k)ni Bold. Cheltenham Bold. Caslon Bold. Goudy Bold, and other i)()]nilar ty]ie faces of this varietv. The typograj)hic design is usuall\" framed in a decorative type border, of design and tone to harmonize' with the style of type used. Combination borders are made bv combining several different kinds of l)orders into one. and the tasteful com])()sit()r can easily produce work of this class in a comparatively short space of time. In some cases a large-size combination border is ])rinted in two different col- ors, like dark green and bright red, for exam])le. thus adding interest to the reading matter displayed on the wrapi)er. Dealers in glazed papers offer a wide assortment of tints and col- ors, such as primrose, corn, goldenrod, ])ink, turquoise, buff, pea- green, gray, light brown and pale blue. With this delightful assort- ment of colors the ])rinter of box tops can readily combine ty])e de- signs and colors of ])rinting ink that will be adai)table to every piu'- pose of a box-top. b"or e\ami)le, print a neatly composed ty])e-and- border form in bronze blue ink on pale blue glazed paper; bronze green on primrose ; dark bronze red on corn color stock, and so on. 106 Ni'w Dcsiyns in Tops, Labels and Ji^rappcrs Many other good cok)r schemes of this kind will douhtless suggest themselves to the reader. When ])rinting forms containing lines of extra-heavy type like 4• KEEPING THE BOX MANUFAC- TURER'S PRINT SHOP BUSY tt -a^^fHD* tt> I\1M.\1\IL\. the i)ai)er box niannfacturcr's i)rintint( ])lant is U) l)e used for the {)r()(hicti()n of printed matter Hke l)ox wrappers and labels which yoes into the work of makini^ i)ai)er boxes. In normal times the average ])ox manufacturer's print shop is usually l)usy on orders of wrap- pers, embossing, labels, bronzing, gold-leating. and printed forms for folding boxes and cartons, and when the i)lant is running to capacity on work of this variety, there is no occasion for doing work- classed as "job" and commercial printing. In the second ])lace. however, during a period when a bcjx manu- facturer's ])rint shop may not liave enough "regular" work to keep all the presses running, there is o])portunity to consider at least the plan of keeping the de])artment active on other kinds of work. For instance, there seems to l)e no reason for iiol rinming the box- maker's printerv on orders for job work when orders for box wrap- pers and other work of that class are exceedingly low. Every j)ai)er box manufacturer wlio is o])erating a printing de- partment in connection with his box factory is doubtless ojx^rating the printing department for the i)urpose of making money. The well-equip])ed and carefully-managed printing (lei)artment is bound to earn profits for the box maker. ])rovided that there is sufficient work to keep it busy, but sometimes it is not rm easy matter to kee]) the plant busy, and in such a case the l)ox manufacturer should be willing to study the problem with the intention of solving it in the best way possible. This is an important cha])ter for the reason that it is designed to tell the ])aper box manufacturer how he may keep his printing ])lant profitably employed during all seasons of the year. ( )nly plain facts will be mentioned in the following ])aragraphs — information which should prove of helpful suggestion to any manufacturer of paper boxes who is operating a ])rinting department — and these facts have 109 Sales Siigycstions for Paper Box Maiiiifaetiirers been gained by tbe writer tbrougb personal visits to paper box fac- tories having first-class printing plants. It is not the writer's purpose to advocate the plan of the box manu- facturer using his printing department in competition with exclusive printing concerns, although in some instances this has ])een success- fully done by paper box manufacturers. Let us be clearly under- stood on this point: The box maker should stick close to his own field and the printer should keep to his field. Nevertheless, there is a naturally close relationshi]) between the pa])er box making and printing industries, and to a large extent each one of these two great industries benefits from tlie other. Numerous ])rinting plants are constantly liandling ])ig orders for printed wra])])ers, box to])s, labels, and other work of this group for ])aper box manufacturers who have no printing plants of their own. ( )ii the other hand, some box makers are producing set-u]) ])aper boxes, >hi])])ing containers, fold- ing boxes and cartons for ])rinting concerns. The writer knows of several printing firms who are operating small- size printing plants almost exclusively on work for ])ai)er l)ox manu- facturers ; of several printing concerns who are operating folding box making de])artments in connection with their ])rinting ])lants ; and. of several box manufacturers who are oijcrating ])rinting ])1ants in com])etition witli "regular" printers, tso alter all has been said and done, it is merely a matter of ojiinion as to whether ])aper box manufacturers and ])rinters should compete with one another or not. But. there are small ])ossibilities of com])etition between these two interests for the simple reason that box makers and printers usually have enough of their own ]:)articular work to keep them hustling, and there is little time to s|)are for investigating other industrial fields. The ])a[)er box manufacturer who ])()ssesses a well-equipped ])rint- ing ])lant is in a ])osition to ])roduce all kinds of ])rinted matter in addition to box wra])s. box tops, labels and printing on folding boxes and cartons. With the same type and mechanical eciuipment. used for box wra])pers. etc.. it is possible to ])rint all kinds of job and commercial work, office stationery, factory forms, and advertis- ing literature. KINDS OF WORK PRODUCED IN ONE BOX MANUFACTl' RER's PRINT SHOP Located in the city of Philadelphia is a certain ])aper box maiiu- facturing firm that ])ossesses a first-class ])rinting })lant. and it is in- teresting to see the many difi'erent kinds of printed matter which are continually being produced in this shop. The major portion of 110 Keeping the Box Manufuctiirer' s Print Shop Busy this work is for the company's own requirements, l)ut the other por- tions are for patrons of the firm who are l)uying the printed matter in addition to purchasing paper boxes. To give the reader an idea of the versatihty of this printing office, among the many uni(jue j()l)s which were recently prochiced was a large order of clock dials, printed in aluminum ink, the numerals being left white so that they could be filled in, after the printing, with a patented "radium," or luminous preparation. These dials are used for a well-known line of illuminated clocks, the kind that have luminous figures on the dials which can be read in absolute darkness. With the entire surface of the dial printed in aluminum ink, with tlie exception of the numbers, the efifect is beautiful. Factory forms, time slieets, and loose leaf forms of manv dift'erent kinds are printed in this shop, and in some cases the orders have been for as many as 50,000 coi)ies of a i)articular form. These forms are of bond or ledger ])aper, ruled on pen-ruling machines before the printing is done. The type matter consists of small sizes of tyjx'. set and s])aced in such a manner that the various headings and sub- headings will strike accurately in the ruled "boxes," or columns on the .sheets, it recjuires a good compositor to set intricate forms of this class, and the feeding of tlie sheets in the ])ress-work must be done carefully. All things considered, however, il is a comparativelv simple class of printed matter and could readily ])e handled in the average box manufacturer's ])rinting ofiice at a high rate of speed. The use of factory forms and loose leaf fctrms of many different kinds is raj)idly increasing in all lines of ])usiness. This means that the paper box manufacturers them.selves are using more ])rinted forms in their factories and business offices than in the ])ast. and it is safe to say that these forms often are the means of saving time, labor and money. The modern system of keei)ing track of factory costs with the aid of printed loose leaf forms designed especially for dififerent jjiu-poses, is an excellent system, and is one that should be adopted by every manufacturer. Box manufacturers having their own i)rinting departments can have all factory forms and ofiice forms i)rinted in their own ])lants, and if they care to do so, there is no reason whv thev cannot i)rint forms of the same class for other business concerns. There is always an op])ortunity to design new factory and office forms for the purpose of simplifying the work of I)ookkee])ing and accounting, and printed forms of this kind are constantly needed in everv line of business. To return to the subject of the printing jilant referred to. among other things ])roduced in this ofiice are business cards, letter heads, 111 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers envelopes, statements, and bill heads. Some of this work is printed in plain black or dark blue ink. while some is done in two or more colors. One order was for lo.ooo letter heads. 8^^ x ii inches, 24- pound bond paper; the printed matter consisted of a beautifully de- signed heading, done in three colors, bronze green, pale green and bright red. This design was ]M-inted in close register, making accurate feeding essential, and the completed work was up to a high point of perfection. Corner cards for sizes 6, 6j4. 6]/2, 6^. 9 and 10 envelopes are composed and i)rinted in large numbers in this sho]:). and many "runs" of the smaller sizes of envelojjes. like size 6}<, for example, range all the way from i.ooo to 25.000. The box manufacturer has large numbers of these envelopes printed for use in his own business offices, while other orders are produced for his customers. For the information of those who may not be familiar with the fact, all kinds of envelo])es should be printed witli their flaps ojxmed flat so as to prevent the glue on the flaps from injuring type or plate during the printing. Some printers follow the ])ractice of first hav- ing the flai)s of the envelopes opened, and then having the ])erson feeding the envelopes close the flaps as the printed envelopes are taken from the j^ress. This is easy work for any experienced press feeder, and it is a plan that saves some time. The box maker referred to also has all kinds of business stationery that is used in his own of^ces printed in his own plant. This line of work includes business cards for the traveling .salesmen, letter heads, done in two colors; bill heads, statements and vouchers. All of this work is ])rinted from type, composed in a neat style. The paper stock is of good quality; the' printing ink is of high grade, and the press work is above the average. In this way. the box maker's lousi- ness stationery compares favorably with lithographed, die-stamped or plate-])rinted stationerv. and reflects the character of his house in the right light. Every paper box manufacturer should make it ai rule to use only first-class business stationery, whether it be type printed, litho- graphed, steel plate j^-inred or die-stamped, for the reason that his letter heads, bill heads. envelo])es. etc.. often enter the best-a])i)ointed business establishments in the country, and when the stationery fails to present "a nice front." it is apt to lose orders for the box maker. The character of your house, the quality of your product, is often judged by the appearance of your Inisiness stationery, and under no circumstances can a manufacturer of high grade pa])er boxes aflford to use cheap-looking letter heads, business cards, etc. If you have your own printing plant, select one of the most artistic compositors 112 Keeping the Box Manufacturer' s Print Shop Busy for the composition of all work that is to he used in your own office. Insist on the paper stock, the printing- ink and the ])ress work all l)eing of excellent quality. With the proper attention to fine details, it is possible to i)roduce from type forms letter headini^s, hill heads. ])usiness cards, envelopes and so forth, so handsome in appearance as to win approval from your hest patrons and prospective customers. Among the many different lines of work now being turned out in this hox maker's jirintery are labels in almost every size imaginal)le. Some of these labels are printed on gummed i)aper. t)thers are printed on plain label stock. vSome forms are printed in a single color, such as ])lack. blue, green, red or ])rown ; other forms are ])rinted in two colors, like green and brown, red and black, orange and blue. etc. Jn some instances colored pictures are printed on either gummed l)aper or plain stock. In other cases the design for the label was first beautifully done in colors and gold, and afterwards the ])rinted de- sign was embossed. 'J'hese lal)els are used for \arious purposes, including to])s for toilet boxes, the sides of i)a])er boxes and inside the lids of sel-up boxes. Alany of the fancy labels are for perfumer)' bottles, face ])ow(ler boxes, small size soap ])oxes and other articles of this variety. Some of the larger size labels are used as to])s for ])aper ])oxes — the kind which are often made for holding fountain syringes, medical goods, instruments and fine writing ])a])er. The reader is to understand that the great majority of these labels are not like the ordinarv run of box labels which are ])rinted in the average box manufacturer's printing office, but are of the kind that may be seen u])on bottles, jars. tins, and tanc\' boxes in lirst-class drug stores. Some of the tancv lal)els are cut out into odd shapes to fit odd-shaped paper Ixtxes. These technical ])oints are mentioned to demonstrate the great variety of labels that can ])e ])r()(luced in any box manufacturer's print sho]) under efficient management, (aunmed labels, and even the so-called "advertising stickers," can also be printed in the box maker's ])rintery without great diUiculty. now TMK PAPKK IJOX MANUFAC rTKHK MA^ l'R( )I)l'(,'K HIS OWN ADVKRTISINC; MATIKR This is a subject which deserves a long article in itself, but there is onl\' sufficient space in this cha])ter to touch u])on this subject in a general way. The first ])oint is that our friend, the box maker, who is operating such a successful printing plant, is ])ro(lucing a lot of good advertising matter for his own ])ul)licit_\'. This advertising- matter has been well received and has resulted in substantial orders lor both paper boxes and priufiiuf. 113 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers One of the most popular pieces of advertising matter which this hox maker ever distril)nted was in the form of an eight-page hooklet, entitled "Telephone List." On the cover page of this hooklet was the hox maker's advertisement, neatly composed and printed. The inside pages of the hooklet were ruled with lines in such a manner that telephone numhers along with names and addresses of lousiness firms could be written on the lines in al])hal)etical order. F'or ex- am])le, there w^ere about a dozen lines under the printed heading A ; about a dozen lines under l>, and so on all through the al])habet. The size of each page was 41/ x 1 1 inches. The booklet was ])unched and corded near the top so that it could be hung u]) in a jilace near the telephone. 'i'his "Telephone List" bocjklet made a I)ig hit immediately as it was distributed among the business men of the city, and it was not long before the box maker received requests for additional copies. He was quick to recognize the ])owcrful selling force of this adver- tising, and he instructed the printers to make up additional lots of the booklets as the demand for them increased. It proved to be rcuicm- brance advertising of a most useful and lasting nature ; it created good will among the recipients, and eventiiall\- led up to ])rotitable new business for the box manufacturer. ])oth in orders for printed matter and orders for i)aper boxes. Wall calendars, blotters, motto cards, folders, and circular letters are among the other kinds of publicity matter which this box maker is sending out from time to time, and all of which are ])roduced right in his own ])rintery. The wall, calendars are of the class that are most wanted by business men — those ecjuipped with monthly leaflets printed in large size figures which may be easily read from a distance. These calendars contain no ])ictorial subjects, but merely the box maker's advertisement printed attractively in colors, yet they are serving a far more useful purpose than some of the fine illus- trated calendars equipped with small figures that are hard to read. Personally, the writer is in favor of large size wall calendars con- taining colorful pictures of modern factories, machine shops, work- rooms, etc., for the reason that pictures of this class always convey a message in the business office where the calendar is to hang for an entire year. W hat could be more interesting in the way of pictorial subjects for advertising calendars than busy scenes from a paper box plant? A scene showing the new style automatic wrapping machines in operation would certainly mean something more than a picture of a pretty girl's head. Now is the time for the l)ox manufacturer, having a well-organ- ized print shop, to prepare a handsome new wall calendar for the 114 Kci'p'nuj the Box Maniifactiirt'r s Print Shop Biisx new year. Have the work done during slack periods, and have the calendars ready hy next Decemher for distrihution among customers and prospectives. Make it an artistic piece of printing with bright, warm colors, and with monthly leaflets that may easily be read. A calendar of this character will bring you new business. The advertising blotters which were sent out by the box maker referred to were ditferent from the ordinary advertising blotter in several respects : First, the size was 4;^ x 8 inches — a size that is wider than the average blotter, making it difficult for the user of this larger size blotter to "file" it away in a pigeon hole of a desk. Sec- ond, the printed matter, done in dark green and ])rig"ht red, was set the narrow way of the blotter — the 4-j4 inches way — presenting an unusual appearance, as most blotters are printed the long wav for no ])articular reason. Third, a new st}le blotter stock was used, stock having a fairly smooth surface on both sides and both sides having absorl)ent qualities. Blotters of this kind serve a doublN-useful i)m'])ose as either sick- may be used for blotting fresh ink, yet the surface of the stock is smooth enough to permit of the printing of half-tone illustrations. P)lotter stock that is enameled on one side to allow for half-tone ])rinting is not popular aiuong business men in general for the reason that only one side of the stock mav be used for blotting, and fre- (juently a busy person is apt to use the enamelecl side b\- mistake, thus causing a blurred signature. The motto cards referred to consisted of famous (|uolations of great i:)oets or writers, i)rinled on white or tinted card I)oard, about 7x5 inches in size. An ornamented initial letter and border, printed in colors, helped in making the cards attractive. In the lower left- hand corner of the card, printed in small ty])e was the box maker's advertisement. These cards were mailed to customers and prospec- tives, to be hung upon the walls of business ofiices, sales rooms, work rooms, etc. Here is a suggestion for one of the motto cards: It is our true policy to steer clear of f^criinuieiit alliances Zi.'ith any portion of the foreign xcorld. ( jIvORC.i: W ash I XC.TON. This is merely a suggestion for an interesting wall card, and it is an easy ])ro])osition tor anv advertiser to find hundreds of other well-known ([notations from the standard works of literatm'e. One of the best books for this ])urpose is "Familiar Ouotations," by John Bartlett, which ma\- be consulted in anv ])ublic library. Enough has been written on this subject to pro\e that the paper box manufacturer's printing office can l)e made to produce many other things in addition to printed wrappers and cartons. 115 ■'^H[ CHAPTER XI ><• ENGRAVING PROCESSES BOX MANUFACTURER SHOULD KNOW "lai^fsre" "", X you see at close range how a certain tliint;" is manu- tactured, yoiu" respect for that thing' is greatly increased. Take an electrotype plate, for exani])le. Douhtless you are familiar with the process of electrotyping, hut if you have never had an opportunity to visit an electr()t\])e foundrv vou should arrange to do so. After you ha\e seen the some twentv or more different ])rocesses that are essential in the making of a hrst- class electrotype plate, you will never again look at an electrotv])e without having a high regard for it. So it is with man\- well-known ])rocesses such as steel and cop])er plate engraving, steel die engraving, j^late printing, steel die stamp- ing, emhossing, etc. These various processes are heing used in the paper hox industr\' to no little extent, and it hehooves the paper hox manufacturer, who may not he acquainted with these ])rocesses. U) learn as much practical knowledge ahout them as j^ossihle. It will ])ro\e ])leasing, interesting and instrnctix'e to anv ])a])er hox manufacturer to visit a high class commercial engraving estahlish- ment and to see there the actual processes of steel and copper plate engraving, steel die engraxing. ])late ])rinting. steel die stamping and emhossing. We refer ])rinci|)allv to the kinds of die-stamped prodtict which are used e\ten>ively for hue ])a])er hox to])s. Some folks call them '"hox to])s." while others term them "hox wra])])ers." Be that as it may. it is an interesting fact that manv of the most heautiful designs produced in the steel engraving held are applied to wrajDpers for paper hoxes. Among the wide \ariety ot die-stam])ed to])s. or wra])pers, which are now heing used for different lines of ])a])er hoxes of the set-up type, are those designed for the following kinds of merchandise: Confectionery, jewelry, soaj), ]:ierfumery. silverware, toilet articles, stationerv. haherdasher\-. etc. We have mentioned nierelv a few of Note. — Tlie beautiful examples of die-stamped box-tops illustrated in this chapter are shown through the courtesy of the Vose-Swain Engraving Co., Boston, Mass. 116 Engraving Processes Box NIanitfaclitrcr Should Knozv the numerous specialties which are packed in fine paper hoxes, and boxes of this group are particularly adapted to beautiful die-stamped wraps. Many of the leading confectioners are now using die-stamped wrappers for their candy boxes, and in numerous instances the en- graved design is embossed in two or more colors. Fancy papers, of original tints and of s]:)ecial patterns, are frequently used in connec- tion with tlie die-stamped designs, and the effects are delightful when the correct color harmony is obtained between the colors of the paper and the colors of the design. THE rrii.irv of die-si ampkd box wrappers Suppose that vou wanted a colored design for a ])ai)t'r ])ox wra])per — a design that would be of the fniest ([uality that mone\- could l)uy — the w'rappers to be used tor tlie tmest kind ot ])a])t'r boxes, and the l)o.xes to be used for holding a s])ecial brand ol candy, jewelry, perfumery bottles or something else in the wav of hrst grade mer- chandise. Yotir want would be su])plied ])y ordering the colored de- sign reproduced by the ])rocess of steel die engra\ing. ])rovided of course that the original design be made by a genuine artist, and the engraving and ])ress work be done by ex]^erts in their ])articular lines. Die-stamped product is Ix'tter from both artistic rmd mechanical stand]:)oints than either tyi)ogra])hic printing or lithograi)hy. The latter two processes are all right for the major portion of all paper box wrappers produced, but the die-stam])ed \\ra])pers are for occa- sions where the finest art designs are a])pro])riate. b'or e.\am|)le. a confectioner mav be catering to an exlusive class of trade — discrim- inating men and women who bu\' onlv tlu' choice brands of candy. A ])erson of this class is (|uick to recogni/.e the difterence between a ty])e-])rinted box wra])])er and a die-stam])ed box wra])])i'r. There is something charming about a handsome die-stamped ])aper bt)x to]) that a])peals to a person of rehnement. The detail of a die-stamped design stands up shar])l\ above the surface of the i)aper. \'ou like to rub your hngers o\er the raised characters and "feel" the excellent (juality of the work. Paper bo.x manutacturers who are specializing in tine ])aper l)o.xes for jewelers. ])erfumers. confectioners, etc.. should \y.i\ closer atten- tion to the matter of die-stam])ed l)ox to])s. In many instances you can "create" substantial orders for expensive pai)er boxes liy show- ing your pers])ectives original designs for the box to])s. ex])laining to the prospects that vou are in a ])osition to ha\'e the designs en- graved and die-stamix'd on special order. As a ])rogressi\'e paper 117 Sales Suyycstions for Paper Box Alaiiiifactiiti'is box manufacturer y(Hi should be capable of ex])laining to customers and prospectives the advantages of die-stami)cd box tops over printed or lithographed box tops, and in this connection you can often work up a profitable business. Several of the leading manufacturers of line paper boxes have their own com])lete engraving and die-stamping departments for the production of die-stamped l)Ox tops, but the great majority of paper l)ox makers who are doing work of this same character are having niustration (1) Steel iJieStamped liox Wrapper the die-stam]X'd wra]ii)ers ])roduccd by trade engraxing concerns. Personally, we are of the oj)inion that it would be unwise for the average paper box manufacturer to install his own engraving and stamping plant, but doubtless there are at least a few box makers who could install such a i)lant to great advantage. In all of the larger cities of the United vStates as well as in many of the larger towns, are located trade engravers who will gladly han- dle all kinds of engraved work for the ])ai)er box manufacturing trade. These concerns will not only make engraved copper and steel plates, and steel dies, for the trade, but they will also attend to all the presswork that is to be done from tlie ])lates or dies. Here is a 118 Engraviny Processes Box Maniifucturer SJioiild Know unique service available tor any box manufacturer who niav care to take advantage of it. The main reason why it would not pay the average paper box manufacturer to install a complete engraving and die-stamping de- partment is because highly skilled craftsmen would be essential for the successful operation of such a ])lant. A steel and copper plate engraver is a high-priced man, and it would require a large amount of work to keep him steadily em])loyed. An efficient plate printer *^Z^late. before each impression is taken. A ])ower ])ress ot lliis type will average from 1. 000 to 1.500 im])ressions per hoiu" on tlie regular run of work. Two ()])erators are usually retjuired for a ])ress. one doing the teed- ing. and the other laying tlie printed sheets on trays as the sheets are taken from the machine. I:\(;K.\\ IN(J A STKKL niF, OR STF-RI, PLATI- The process of engraving a steel die or a steel plate is practically the same with the exception that tlu' detail for the steel die is cut deeper. The steel "blanks" for ])lates or dies are furnished in any size and thickness wanted b\- tlu- engravers' sujjply concerns. Before being engraved the block of steel is "soft" enough to ])er- mit of easy cutting. The piece of steel is hardened after having 121 Sales Siiyycstiotis for Paper Box Mani(factiircrs been engraved, and the process of hardening will be described later on in this chapter. First, the original design that is to be engraved is painted or drawn upon a sheet of smooth white cardboard, the design to be of exactly the size desired for the completed subject. If several colors are wanted, it is necessary to have the colors painted on the original exactly as they are to appear in the die-stamping. A separate die will be essential for eacli color. TA»Tr CnCAM CLWTCR Illust lalion ( T. i Slol I lie Si ani|jcil Mox Wrapper vSec(»nd. we will su])])()se that an original (k'sign in two colors has been completed. Over the original is laid a sheet of gelatin held firmly to the original at the corners with pins. The engraver now takes a tool called a burin, and with the point of this tool scratches a rough but distinct outline of the original design in the surface of the gelatin. Keep in mind tlie fact that two ( 2 ) dies are to be made of this design, which means in this case that the engraver first scratches on the gelatin only the detail of the design which will appear in the first engraving, and afterwards he will take a second sheet of gelatin for the detail that is to appear in the second engraving. • Third, with the proper detail that is to appear in the first engrav- ing scratched on the sheet of gelatin, the engraver removes the sheet of gelatin, and he then rubs ])owdered vermilion in all the crevices which have been cut in the surface of the gelatin by the burin. Fourth, the engraver covers the surface of the steel block that is to be engraved with a thin coating of engravers' wax. 122 Engraving Processes Box Mcuiiifactiirer Should Knozv Fifth, the engraver then turns the sheet of gelatin upside down and presses the scratched surface of the gelatin against the waxed surface of the steel hlock. With a tool like the wooden handle of a hodkin the engraver ruhs the back of the sheet of gelatin firmly but carefully, this action causing the vermilion which was placed in the crevices of the gelatin sheet to transfer to the waxed surface of the steel die. The engraver now has a plain outline of the design to be eno-raved on the surface of the steel die. and with a set of engravers' NUTSf, FRUITS SPECIALTIES NO CREAM ^ niustnition (6) Steel Die Slaiiipt'cl liox Wrapiier tools he proceeds with the work of engraving, cutting the detail as deeply as his judgment directs. Sixth, after the first die has been engraved in the manner de- scribed, the tracing for the second color is made on another sheet of gelatin; vermilion is rubbed over the crevices; the design is trans- ferred to the second waxed ])late. and the engraving is done after the manner of the first plate. 'i'hese two engraved steel dies will be in ])erfect register, or rather the completed two-color design will be in close register when printed, for the simple reason that the two gelatin transfer sheets have made accurate register possible. HARDENING A STKKI, DIi: OR STKKL PLArK There are several efficient hardening furnaces on the market, and all of them work u])on the same principle. The steel die, or plate, is thoroughly cleaned after having been engraved. The die is then wired, leaving a loop at one end so that the die may be handled with 123 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Alanitfaetiirers a rod while hot. Cyanide is placed in the oven of the furnace, the heating heing done with either gas or electricity. The die is im- mersed in the cyanide and remains in the l)ath for about twenty-five minutes, or until it is brought to a cherry-red heat. The die is then removed and is first dip])ed in sperm oil and afterwards is dipped in cold water. Finally the die is cleaned, oiled and polished on the sur- face, and is then ready for the press. KNGRA\'IN(; BY MEANS OF AC IP Ivngraving a steel die or jilate with the aid of an acid solution is done as follows : Milk Chocolate Selections Illustration (7) Steel Die Stamped Hox Wrai)i)er First, the surface of the die is cleaned with a solution of carbonate of ])otash, and the siu'face of the ]:)late is tlien l)urnishe(l with the aid of any kind of a steel tool suital)le for the purpose. Second, the surface of the ])late is coated with an acid-resisting ground. A good "resist" ground is made from this formula: Melt 2 oinice^ of wliile wax in a can. Add and stir i ounce of powdered gum mastic. Add and stir i oiuice of ])()wdered l)itumen. When the mass is nearly cold. sha])e it into a l)al] with wet hands, and then tie the ball in a silken bag. Third, heat the ])late over a gas flame mitil it is uncomfortable to the touch, then ml) the silk ])ag containing the resist over the surface of the warm plate until plate has taken an even coating of the ground. Fourth, transfer the original design to the waxed surface of the plate by means of a sheet of gelatin, scratched and ]:)owdered with vermilion, like the same process of transferring that has been de- scribed for hand engraving. 124 Engraving Processes Box Manufacturer Should Knozv Fourth, with a graver, or hurin, scratch the detail of the design, which has lieen marked hy the verniihon, on the surface of the plate so that all (jf the tracing extends through the resisting ground, show- ing the polished surface of the plate wherever the tracing occurs. Fifth, a wall is formed around the margins of the design to he acid-engraved, the wall composed of red sealing wax dissolved in pure alcohol. This wall may he applied with a hrush, and the wall should l)e ahout 1-16 of an inch hitrh. ,E3Tjr ^'^ NUT ^TrH-AK' I ) end ( ]]r.\\'Y Illustration IS) Steel Die-Stainix'd Hnx WiapixT Sixth, the acid solution is now to he ])oured on the surface of the ])late, the solution heing held in position hy the walls. There are a niunher of good acid solutions in use hv various engrax'ers. hut one of ihe most popular formulas for deep etching is made as follows: 1 l\(lrochloric acid 100 grammes Chlorate ot ])i)tash 20 grammes Pure water 880 grammes Heat the water: add the chlorate of ])otash and stir until it is tlioroughly dissolved, then add the h\iier Some engravers use the mixture of sealing wax and alcohol as a resisting ground, j^ainting on the surface of the steel plate, around the edges of characters that are to be etched, with the mixture and a camel's hair brush. Till-: en(;ramng machine Many dififerent kinds of engraving, on copper plates, steel plates and steel dies, are now being done on engraving machines. One of the most successful devices of this class is called the ]\Iodel C En- graving Machine, made by the Engravers' and Printers' ^lachinery Co.. of Sag Harbor, X. \'. This machine works on the same prin- ciple as the pantograph. One point of the machine follows the lines of a master plate while the other point, which is equipped with a diamond, traces the lines to be etched on the surface of the steel plate. This machine is supplied with a wide varietv of master ])lates. each master plate containing the complete alphabet of a certain style of lettering, such as script. Engravers' Roman. Astor Text. Black Old English, Shaded ( )ld English. Gothic, Outline Gothic, etc. The machine can l)e adjusted to reproduce lettering from the master plates either smaller or larger than the lettering in the master plates. 126 Engrav'uiy Processes Box NlaniifactHrer Should Kno%v When engraving by machine, the surface of the plate to be en- graved is first coated with an acid-resisting ground, and then the letters are cut tlirough this ground l)y the diamond point of the machine. An etching solution is then a])])lied to the surface t)f the engraved plate, the solution "biting" out the exposed parts of the metal to the depth desired. After the etching process the engraver finishes the intaglio work with a Ijurin. All kinds of ruled engraving can be done by this same process, such as cloud effects, gray shadows, ornamental borders, screen back- grounds, stippled l)ackgrounds, etc. Etching is done after the ruled work has been scratched u])on the resist ground on the plate. niustration (10) Strel Die-Stamped Box Wrapper Illustration (11) Steel Die-Stamped Box Wrapper 127 Sales Suc/yt'stions for PaptT Box Manufacturers MAKING A COUNTER-DIE FOR STEEL DIE STAMPING The make-ready work on either a hand stampin<; press or a power die and plate press is practically the same. The make-ready for a steel die-stamping^ job consists of a connter-die. or a "male" die. This counter-die is for the double j)urpose of havinq- the engraved design print and emboss sharply on the paper stock. The four edges of the surface of the steel die should be rounded so that these edges will give no impression during eacli printing operation. A first-class counter-die for steel die-stamping is made as follows : First, the foundation is made of a ])iece of medium weight tar board. This jiiece ot tar board should he a])out the same size as that _ ^ :'-- ^. ^%i|^ c»„;;rrrc:.T.o vl:%^ llliislratioii (I-) Sti'fl Die Staiii|M(l Hox Wiai>|jei' of the full face of the steel die. and it is glued to the counter-block on the press with Le Page glue. Second, over the top of the j)iece of tar board is glued a j^iece of medium weight bristol. or "wedding" stock, having a soft kid finish. Third, the counter is now struck a dozen or more times with the steel die. this action bringing out the engraved design on the counter in relief. h'ourth, weak, or low places that may show in the raised detail on the counter are "spotted u])" with small bits of thin gummed paper. Fifth, the counter is again struck about a dozen times with the steel die for the purpose of bringing up the relief work more sharply. Sixth, the steel die is inked and wiped, and an impression of it is taken on a sheet o\ wedding stock. vSeventh, with knife or scissors all blank edges around the printed subject on the sheet are cut away, and the remaining section of the 128 Enyrciviny Processes Box Aldniifactiircy Should Knoiv printed subject is glued in true position over the raised detail on the counter. In the case of extra-deep steel dies, several cutout make-ready sheets, like that just described, will be essential for l)uilding' up a high counter-die. Eighth, after the cut-out sheet (or several cut-out sheets) has been pasted on the counter, additional impressions are taken of the steel The Model C Engr;! viiii^ i die. i*'inall}-. aflcr the raised deiail ap])ears to be sufticienlly ^harp and lirm. the pressman takes a shar]) make-readv knife and carefully cuts away all blank parts of the counter-die, working as close to the edges of the relief work as possible. 'JMie cutting at the edges of the raised detail is done on a bevel, extending all the way to the tar- board base. The make-ready is completed by covering the top of the counter-die with a piece of rubber sheeting, leather, or thin kid-skin. 129 -•^>C CHAPTER XII ><• THE MAKING OF SOLID FIBRE CONTAINERS "•(»i?t!iJ)»' OTHIXCi is more romantic lliaii llie story alxnil llu' solid ihre shi])])in!L;' container and its remarkable growth. The solid tihre shipi)ini;- container is a conijiaratively new thini;-. ( )ver nij^lit it leaped into ])o])nlarity, and no won- der, lor Keen business men and mannfactnrers were not slow in recoi;nizinj4- its many excellent (jnalities. The old-fashioned wooden shi])pin|^- boxes sim])ly had to i(o. in the same way that the horse and drav had to move aside for the powerful motor truck. vSjK'akins^- about motor trucks, one was recently seen ])iled hi,<;h with thousands of flat solid libre ship])ing- containers. It was a rush order which had to be carried a distance of nearly lOO miles in a short s])ace of time. The motor truck was used simply because the railroads were too slow. Xow had the order been for wooden boxes, it would have recjuired a whole fleet of motor trucks to carry it to its destination. With /'/(// solid fibre cases, however, it was ])os- sible to handle the (.'ntire order with a single motor truck. This is only one of the numerous advantages posses>e(l by the solid fibre ship])in_t^ container over the old-style wooden box. -V manufacturer mav order loo.ooo large-size solid fibre shi])ping con- tainers, which are delivered flat, and which can be stacked u]) in the basement in that condition until goods are packed for shi|)ment. Think of the amount of s])ace that would be required by the same number of wooden boxes! Floor space is worth so much ])er s(juare foot. A large mamifactnrer can save large sums of money on floor space alone by using flat solid fibre boxes instead of wooden boxes. One of the largest canning concerns in the world is now using solid fibre shipping containers for canned goods in place of wooden boxes which it had been using for the same pur])ose for many years past, livery time this firm sends out a carload of the canned goods, packed in the paper-board boxes, it .saves something like $50 in freight rates over the same amount of goods packed in wooden boxes. Moreover, on account of the solid fibre containers being- ISO The Makiny of Solid Fibre Containers sealed tight with gummed tai)e. the common practice of pilfering during transit of goods has heen practically eliminated. Many of the larger manufacturers of candy are now using solid fibre shipping cases for transporting fine package goods. Corrugated shipping containers are used for the same purpose, of course. The paper-hoard cases not only help to hold down freight rates, hut they serve to protect the corners and edges of fancy set-up boxes used for holding candy. It seems strange, but it is a fact, nevertheless, that a set of fancy candy boxes can ])e injured more readily in a wooden box than in a paper-board shi])ping container. The latter will stand exceedinglv rough treatment during transit without caus- ing damage to the goods inside of it. The uses for solid fibre shi])ping containers are multii)lying every hour. Heavy copper wire and loom are now being packed in fibre containers. I'rinted matter, books, magazines, catalogues, etc.. are now being packed in solid fibre containers. Sugar. cotTee. breakfast foods, salt, tobacco, cigarettes, and hundreds of similar things are first packed in pa])er cartons, and the cartons are then ])lace(l in libre ship])ing containers. vSome of the orders for solid fibre shipping cases, used for holding packages of starch, sugar, dried fruits. soa])s, powders, etc.. run into hundreds of thousands, and the demand tor such cases is constantly increasing on every side. Fresh fruits, such as a])])les. oranges. i)eaches. lemons and grape- fruit, are now being ])acked in fibre containers, instead ol wooden l)oxes. resulting in great savings in materials and freight rates, and j)reventing many acres of forests from being dotroyed. A new-style collapsible basket, made of solid fibre, was recently invented, and there is no limit to the ])ossil)ilities of this basket as a chea]) but stibstantial carrier for farm ])ro a tube 30 inches in diameter, but it is possible, of course, to use mandrels of larger diameter. As the completed tubes come from the s])iral tube-winding ma- chine, they are carried away to another dei)artment where they are stood up on their en(l> to dry. 'i'he tubes are then ])ut through a tube-cutting machine, a lathe-like device equipped with a circular saw which saws the long tubes into lengths suitable for the ])arrels. The inside of each barrel is fitted with a ])a])er tube of slightly smaller diameter than that of the barrel itself, and this second, or "inner-tube" is cut about two inches shorter tlian the length of the barrel. The inner-lube is for the jnu'pose of su])])orting the roimd heads at the top and l)ottom of the barrel, and it also serves to make the body of the barrel stronger. The l)arrel can be made l)otli air- and water-tight b\- sealing the edges of the heads with paraffin. 133 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Maniifaetitrers The heads of the l)arrel are made of sohd tihre board, 5-ply, and tlie round disks are cut out. one at a time, on a (he-press of power- ful construction. \'arious sizes of steel cutting, dies can he used on this press. Eacli, head for a barrel is provided with a strong brass ring, placed out of center, this ring making it an easy matter to pull the head from the ])arrel when necessary. In some instances, paper barrels of the kind described are not i)eing fitted with wooden hoops, and some of the barrels are not fitted with inner lu1)es. It is ol)vious, ]u)\ve\er. tliat a })aper barrel having an inner-tube and a numl)er of wooden hoo])s on the outside Container Making and Two-Color Printing Machine. A machine that cuts, slots and creases the container blanlv and then i)rints it in two colors. Picture by courtesy of George W. Swift Jr.. Inc.. Hordcntown. .\. J. is far more durable than an ordinary paper barrel not ])ossessing such advantages. A machine of special construction is used for making the wooden lioo])s, and the hoops are attached to the sides of the barrels by means of wire stitches. A special wire-slitcliing machine is essential for such work. It occurred to tlie writer, as he was watching the operation of putting the wooden hoo])s on pa])er barrels, that dura1)le hoo])s could be made of solid filjre instead of wood. Tbi^ is merelv a sugges- tion, and it may be tliat fibre hoops are alreadv bi'ing used for this purpose. PRINTINC; BL.'\NKS FOR SOLID FIBRE (X)NTAINFRS The blanks for solid fibre shipping containers are usually printed on special rotary ])rinting i)resses. designed cx])resslv for the pur- 134 The Making of Solid Fibre Containers pose. The larger-size j^rintiiig presses of this type will take a hoard as wide as 64 inches, which means that as many as four l)lanks for large-size containers can be printed simultaneously, the sheet being- cut apart after the printed matter has been ajiplied. Some of the rotary printing presses are equipped with cutting attachments for cutting a large-size board into two or more separate pieces after the board has been printed. The printing is done from curved electroty])es which are attached to the printing cylinder by means of adjustable screws, or register hooks. Some of the special rotary ])resses have two ])rinting cvlin- ders. and are designed for printing two colors in close register on container board. As container-board is made in various tliicknesses, ranging from 60 to 120 ]);)ints, it is necessary to adjust the cylinders of the press to pro\i(k' for each different thickness of stock. For printing in red ink, or other colors of printing ink. nickeltvi)es will be found more serviceable than ordinary electrotypes, for the reason that nickelt}])e will not be affected by the chemical action of colored printing ink. .\ nickeltype is consi(U'ra])lv harder than an electrotype, and consecjuently, will last longer than an electrotype on heavy runs of work. When either electrotypes or nickeltypes are to be used for ])rinting on container-I)oru"(l. the electrotvper should be instructed to make extra-thick shells for the ])lates, as the ordinary shell would soon break down on such heavy work as printing on container-board. Standard cylinder printing jiresses of all the well-known makes are also used for printing on light-weight t'lbre-board, but ])resses of this t\pe cannot be used for printing on extra-heavy container- board. As the printed blanks come from the rotar\- printing ])ress they are stacked up, almost in a vertical j^osition, on trucks to dry. The vertical ]M)sition of the freshly-printed sheets prevents offset of the ink on the backs of the siieets. Alter the ])rinting has dried, the sheets are fed through a fibre container-making machine — a combination slotting and creasing machine — which delivers the containers ready "for the wire stitcln'ng machine. rilK SW'IFl" riHKE CUNrAINi:K-M.\RINC; AND PRINTING MACIIINK Several well-known manufacturing concerns are specializing in the production of all kinds of niachinerv usecl for the manufacture of solid fibre containers, and one of these concerns is the C.eorge W. Swift, jr., firm, of fJordentown. N. J. This coni])any has per- 135 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Mauiifaetiirers fected a new-style fil)re container-making and printing" machine which is a remarkable device in numerous ways. This machine is a rotary, designed to take a sheet of hhre hoard, trim the ends of the board, slot it. crease ])oth ways, and cut out the board for a staple flap. When this machine is equipped with the printing press attachment, it will print the blank in two colors and deliver it cut. creased and slotted readv to be completed on the wire stitcher. When tliis machine is not equipped with the special print- ing press attachment, it can ])e e(iuip])ed with a small printing de- vice, to be used for printing the classihcation stamp on the container- blanks as they travel through the machine. Postum Cereal. View of .solid fibre boxes in grocer.s' warehouse, Chicago. Note the interlocking stack of various sizes jiiled to the roof. Step piling or levelling is a convenient method of facilitating the "breaking down" of the stack as needed. The.se machines are built in .several different sizes, with cvlinders of 12. 16, or 20 inches, and in widths of 84. lOO. 112. or 120 inches. The larger-size machines can be furnished with double equipment for making two complete containers from one sheet simultaneou^lv. Any ot these machines will handle board ranging from 60 to 120 j)oints. REdlL.AK C'()X1AI.\KK-M.AK1.\(; M.ACIIINKS There are a number of different makes of container machines on the market, operating on the rotary ])rincii)le. and designed to make complete solid fibre .^hip])ing containers ready to be wire stitched. The.se machines are not usually equipped with printing attachments. 136 The Making of Solid Fibre Containers the blanks being printed in the regular way before being sent through the container-making machines. The standard container-making machines are })r()vi(le(l with punches and dies which can be adjusted to make various sizes of containers, 'i'he cutting, slotting and creasing are all done with one operation as the printed blanks travel through the rollers containing the punches and dies. It requires a trained machinist-o])erator to change the |)unches and dies on the machine, and at all times the work of feeding the machine must be under the watchful care of a man who thoroughly understands every part of the machine. in the larger ])ox-making plants the container-making machine is operated in connection with a wire stitching machine, an automatic conveyor carrying the boxes to the jaws of the stitching machine as they come from the (Uher machine. In one large i)lant the con- veyor system not only carries the boxes to the stitching machines, but it also carries them to the shipping department after thev are wire stitched. It should be understood that convevor svstems of this character need constant watching, as the boxes do not alwavs travel along the tai)es in exactly the right positions, but it is a fact, nevertheless, that conveyors of the kind referred to are saving time, labor and money in many plants. The principal advantage of a con- veyor system in a paper box factory is in it making continuous ])ro- duction pc>ssil)le. It would be impossible to gi\e descri])tions of all the man\- ditter- ent kinds of solid hbre ship])ing containers which are now being- manufactured. The great majority of the shijiping cases are oblong and have eight flaps, four at the to]) and four at the bottom. A case of this style is held togethrr with half-a-dozen wire stitches, or staples, at one corner, the blank ])eing cut out to a shape allowing for a flap where the wire stitches are inserted. The telescopic style of container is in two parts, the box and the overlapping lid. The box and lid are cut out to a shape which makes it possible to fold over the edges of the bl.ank. on all four sides, and then have the folded-over sections "held down with wire stitches. Telescope containers of this kind are now being used to a great extent by de])artmcnt stores. Other styles ot solid hl)re shi])ping containers include the s((uare shape, and the flat, oblong shape, both of which have eight flaps, fom* at the top and four at the bottom. The ship])ing containers are made in many difi'erent sizes, and are built to conform with all the require- ments of the ex]:)ress concerns, freight handlers, steamshij) com- panies, etc. On each container is ])rinted the classitication stamp. 137 Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers and the old, familiar warning. "Use No Hooks." The regular ad- vertising matter is printed on the sides of the hoxes. WIRE STITCHING SOLID FIBRE (CONTAINERS In certain instances the l)()ttom flaps of a solid fihre shipping con- tainer are stapled together on a wire stitching machine. Heavy hrass or copper wire is used for sta])les which are made automatically as the hoxes pass through the jaws of the wire stitcher. The stitches are made in ra])id succession. There is one s])ecial stitching machine which will a|)])ly as many as i() heavy wire sla])les at a single opera- tion. 1'here are on the market a numher of wire stitching machines, huilt ])articularly for the use of paper hox manufacturers. Work like solid Whva containers re(|uires a wire stitcher of i)Owerful con- struction, one designed exclusively for such work. NEW USES FOR SOI. ID FIBRE COXIAINEK BOARD It is an interesting fact that solid lihre container hoard may he utilized for manv other ])urposes in addition to heing used for the construction of shi])ping cases. Among other things are game hoards of various kinds — game boards like those used for clicckers, cards, etc.. made usually of t20 point container hoard of tlie kind that is covered on both sides with jute paper. i{> x 23/ inches; two pieces, size S/'^ '^ ^H inches; and four ])ieces. size i x 3'4 inches. When pro])erly glued together these 7 pieces of board form a neat, upright case, having a base and three comiiartments. each compart- 139 Sales Siiyyi'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers ment having the size of i x i inch square and 3>4 inches deep. This case is covered with hinders' cloth of any color desired. It forms a useful "top-o'-the-desk" receptacle for holding pens and pencils, and it is as strong and durahle as a similar case made of wood. Solid fihre container hoard can also he used in the construction of other kinds of cases having slotted partitions. A small-size case of this type will he extra strong, and can he used as a container for many different articles. Kxtra-heavy covers for hooks of the invoice variety can he made of solid hhre container hoard. In fact, the covers for check hooks. Salmon from Alaska. These solid fibre containers were made in ralifornia. .^hipped by boat to Alaska, there filled with the canned salmon and returned by boat to Seattle, Wash. Fifteen thousand cases were comprised in the shipment. dictionaries, scrap-hooks, etc.. may also he made of the container board, and the cost of this material is comparatively low. 'I'he in- voice hooks, for example, usually have about 230 ])ages of Manila jDaper, size 10x15 inches, and the board covers are covered with canvas duck. A book of this construction will last for a life-time witliout showing much \ear. 'riie uses for solid hhre container board are constantly multi]:)ly- ing. The manufacturers of solid fibre shipping containers, particu- larly those who are manufacturing their own container board, should study the new fields for this board immediately as thev develcqx as a new field may often offer a golden opportunity for profitaI)U' Imsi- ness. 140 ■••^>C CHAPTER XIII >*• METHODS OF SILICATING AND PARAFFINING PAPER BOARD l\( )(iRKvSSl\'l*' fanners and dairymen in many different sections of the United States are now following the prac- tice of selling eggs and other farm products direct to the ^ consumer. In numerous cases these farmers and dairy- men are conducting an extensive "mail order" business, the goods being sent to the buyers via i)arcel post. X'arious kinds of farm products. inclu(h'ng ])(iultry. eggs, cheese, and bunched asparagus, are sold in large quantities throughout the country in this way, and it is a business which is constantly growing. The modern farmer, or dairyman, wlio is selling his food stocks direct to the consumers has recognized the advantage of having things like eggs, cheese and asparagus i)acked in sturdy paper cartons, and in some instances farmers are making good use of paper cans for mailing bunches of fresh cut asparagus, flowers, bulbs, etc. In not a few cases farmers and dairymen are packing butter and lard in damp-])roof folding cartons wliich have the farmer's or dairyman's name and address neatly ])rinted on the outside. I'requently a trade- name of the I)Utter or lard is also printed on the cartons. A BUSINESS lUII.DINC IHIA Manufacturers of i)araftined cartons, such as are used for butter and lard, should readily "see" a good business building idea in the two ])aragrai)hs which have just lieen written. Think ot the great number of farmers and dairymen who are not, as yet. followmg the practice of selling direct to the consumer. Would it not be possible for the manufacturers of the cartons to interest many of these farm- ers in the i)lan? Would it not be jjowcrful advertising for the manu- facturers of butter and lard cartons if they were to send samples of the cartons to farmers and dairymen, along with some printed mat- ter advocating the idea of selling farm i)roducts direct to the con- sumer ? It is a fact thai many American farmers and dairymen are m a 141 Sales Siiijijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers position to sell their stocks direct to the consumer. l)nt have not vet been made to recognize the advantage of the j^lan. It is safe to say that some farmers and dairymen have not even thought of the idea of mailing farm ])r()ducts to buyers in the cities bv means of paper cartons. Here is where the manufacturers of cartons have an excellent opportunity to try some good missionary work. The results are boinid to be i)rotital)lc for all concerned. We understand, of course, that some manufacturers of ])araftined cartons are selliui' ihe cartons direct to farmers and dairxnien. but Kiiowlton Sheet Coating Machine. For applying silicate oT soda. i)arartin, or other liquid coating material, to one or both sides of flat sheets of jiaper board. the fact remains that this unicjue form of business could easily be develo]:»ed to greater ]>r()porti()ns. At the cost of a little time and money the manufacturers could "comert" many a farnu-r and dairy- man to the plan of packing various kinds of farm ])roducts in car- tons and selling them by parcel post. At the ])resent time only a ci)m])aratively few lines of farm prod- ucts are packed in paper cartons, but the day is coming when farm- ers and dairymen in general will use cartons. ])aper cans and corru- gated boxes in large quantities, and for many difi'erent kinds of farm products which today are being sent to the markets in baskets. This field offers wonderful p()ssil)ilities for the manufacturers of cartons, solid fibre containers, paper cans and corrugated shipping containers. It is a new, fertile field wherein the soil, as yet, has scarcely been touched. 142 Methods of SUicatincf and Payajf'nuny Paper Board THE MODERN HOUSEWIFE PREFERS FOOD PRODUCTS PACKED IN CARTONS Today when the average housewife goes to the grocery store or the hiitter and tgg store, she prefers to huy things hke eggs. Initter. lard, cheese, shced dried l)eef, etc.. packed in cartons, rather than buying such goods in loose forni. Many of the large wholesalers of food products know this fact and for that reason are now packing butter, lard. eggs, cheese, and ()t]:er foods of this varietv in paper cartons. In the majority of cases the folding boxes used for butter and lard are made from paper board which has been coated on both sides with parafhn. These same kinds of folding boxes, or cartt)ns. are also used for other food products. The cartons not only enable the dealer to kee]) and handle the food under the most sanitary con- ditions, but they also help the housewife in keeping the food fresh and clean. The cartons insure full weight for the jnu'chaser, and during ])usv j^eriods in the store, ihcy are the means of saving time for both the dealer and the patron, for the reason that the goods are packed and ready to be ])assed right over to the customer. For a long time the larger manufacturers of breakfast foods. cakes, crackers, and many other food products have been ])acking such goods in folding boxes or cartons. In some cases these ])aper boxes are lined on the inside with a thin coating of either ])aranin or sodium silicate to protect the contents from atmospheric conditions. In other cases the boxes are lined on the inside with thin coatings of both sodium silicate and paraffni. in still other instances the boxes are not lined with any protective coating ol' an\- kind, waxed ])ai)er l)eing ])laced loosely on the inside of the boxes instead of a coating of anv of the luaterials mentioned. In this chapter the writer will attem])t to e\])lain the i)ractical work of coating pai^er board that is used for making certain kinds of folding boxes and cartons, b'.very effort shall be made to ex])lain the newest methods of coating as ap])lied to both rolls and flat sheets of stock, and it is ho])ed that the intormation so given will i)rove of value to those readers who ma\- not be familiar with this class of work. SILK AIED PAPER BOARD RE.ADV lOR USE Some of the larger ])a]:)er board manufacturers are su])])lying the makers of grease-proof or water-resisting cartons with pa])er stock already coated for tlu' ])m-pose in (|uestion. This ])repared paper board is coated either on one side or both sides with a thin coating of sodium silicate. -A number of ])aper bo.ard manufacturers also su])])ly slock con- 143 Sali's Sucfc/i'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers taining a coating of jjaraffin on either one or both sides. This kind of paper board is fnrnished only on special order. It is not a diffi- cult matter, however, to procure silicated board, as it is known in the trade, from many of the larger manufacturers of paper board. Some manufacturers of folding boxes and cartons are making a specialty of silicated and paraffined folding l)oxes. and these con- cerns generally have their own mechanical ec^uipment for coating the paper board. Other makers of folding" boxes and cartons, in some cases, have special departments devoted to the making of sili- cated and paraffined ])aper boxes, and these concerns as a rule also have tlieir own ecjuipment f(ir the silicating and i^araffming. FiGi. Blank WITH Uncoated Strip. Fig. 1. Sheet of coated paper board with uncoated strip left in center so as to provide for the i)roper gluing of the folding boxes. It g(ies without sa\ing that am- box manufacturer who may want to s])ecialize in the making of silicated and ])araffined i)aper boxes should liave his own plant for doing the coating. .\ i)lant of this class is not exceedingly costly, and the o])eration of such a plant is very simple. The major portion of the coating work can l)e handled easilv l)v bovs or girls, under the supervision of a man or woman \\h(> tliorouijhlv understands all technicalities of the business. THE KNOWLTON COATINCJ M.AC HINK The M. D. Knowlton Com])any. of Rochester. X. Y.. is manufac- turing coating machines and all other devices which are necessary for the operation of a complete sheet coating plant. The Knowlton Sheet Coating Machine is being successfully used in many paper box making factories, as well as in numerous paper board mills, for coating flat sheets of box board with water-proofing, vermin resist- ing and other liquid solutions such as silicate of soda and paraffin. Damp-proof board of different kinds, to be used for folding boxes or cartons for food products, millinery, etc.. is coated on this machine. This machine consists of a pair of smooth steel rollers like those on a laundry mangle, between which the stock that is to be coated 144 Methods of Silicatiucj and P a r a jj nil ncj Paper Board runs. The lower roller dips into a trough which contains the solu- ti(tn of silicate of soda or paraffin. The upper roller also is pro- \ided with a reservoir from which it receives the coating" material when the stock is to l)e coated (ui l)oth sides. Roth reservoirs are connected to heating a])p<'n-atus which is to he used when paraffin is Ijeing applied. THE PRACTICAL WORK OF COATING PAPER BOARD FOR USE IN CARTONS The coating solution is inn'formly a])i)lie(l to either one or l)oth sides of the sheet, as mav he desired, hy a single passage of the sheet through the Knowlton machine. The machine is e(iuip])e machine. Adjustment for eacli different thickness of ])aper or hoard can he made easily witlioul a wrench or other tools. When this adjustment is made the u])per coating roll and its re>er\dir are raised as a unit so that the setting which controls the lhiikne>s of the a])])lied coating is not disturhed. In most cases of sheet coating a thin, even coat of solution will serve as well, and sometimes hetter, than a thick coat, hut in some instances a thick coat is re(|nired. In any case, the machine can readily he adjusted to give any thickness of coating de- sired, ranging from an exceedingly thin coat to an extra-heavy coat. The machine is regularly fitted for steam heat, hut on order can he equij^ped for either gas or electric heating. The machine is fitted with a feed tahle and a recei\ing hank, the latter ;idjustahle in or out to suit the length of stock. On order from the Knowlton Company, this machine may he pro\i(led with a special attachment whicli allows an uncoated strip to he left in the l)od\- of tlie otlierwise coated sheet. This uncoated strij) is for the purpose ot making gluing eas\- when tlie stock is cut apart and made up into lolding ])oxes. An inicoaled strip can also he left on one edge of the coaled sheet without the use of the special attachment referred to. When the entire smM'ace of the sheet is coated with jmraffin it is a dilVicnlt i)ro])osilion to a])i)ly glue for folding hoxcs afterward, and for that reason it is well to leave the uncoated stri]) in the center, or on one end of the large sheet of ])a])er hoard when the coaling is done. The special attachment is adjustahle so that one hlank stri]), or a series of ])arallel uncoated strips can he left on the coated sheets in any ])osition desired. When a series of ]iarallel uncoated strips are desired, the same numher of special attachments are essential. 145 Sdh'S Siiqcji'stiojis for Paper Box Mciuiifacturcrs THE KNOWLION ROLL COATIN'C; NLACMIINK This machine' is altogether different from the Knowlton sheet coatiui;" machine inasmuch that it handles large continuous rolls of paper board, or ])a]^er. instead of flat sheets. In the case of printing on the rolls of stock, on a rotary ]^rinting ]iress, for cartons, the printing is done in most cases before the roll of stock is run through the roll coating machine. In some cases, however, the ]M-inting is done after the roll has been coated. Fig. 2. Knowlton Roll Coatins Mncliine. The large roll of slock, either ])lank. or printed. i> ])laced on one end of the roll coating machine, and in i)assing through the coating rollers it r(.'cei\es the coating material on one side or both sides as desired. PKINTINC; rilL SIILKTS OF PAPKR HoARI) 151. FORI. APPLYING THE COATING In the making of damp-proof folding boxes or cartons for butter, lard, and other food products, the ])rinting on the containers is done before the coating material is ap])lie(l. The large-size sheets are usually i)rinted on flat-bed cylinder presses in the same way that any kind of letter-press ])rinting is done. As many as a dozen complete printed forms for containers are printed at one time on the large sheets, and after the ])rinted matter is dry. the large sheets are then run through the coating machine. After the sheets have been coated they are either cut into smaller sections and ])ut through a platen cutting and creasing ])ress. or are run full size through a cylinder press equipped with a number of cutting and creasing forms. Butter and lard containers, of the pound size, often have the printed matter done in bright green or red ink. and after the coating of paraffln has been applied over the ])rinted matter, the colored iifl\ presents a beautiful a])pearance, looking much like ])rinting on cel- luloid. 146 Methods of SUicdtiny and Pan/If itiim/ Paper Board It would lie (lifticult lo print on paper stock which contains a heavy coating of i?araftin, I)nt it would l)e less difficult to print on stock which has heen coated with silicate of soda. However, it is advis- ahle to have all printing done hefore any kind of coating is applied. PARAFFIN Paraftin is a white, translucent, crystalline suhstance. tasteless and inodorous, and is ohtained from the distillation of mineral and vege- tal)le tar. It fuses from 120" to 13(^1° h'ahrenheit. When used as a coating for paper hoard it is ap])lied hot, and it sets immediately hy cooling. Its use makes ])aper water-])roof , hut not grease-])roof. SIl.RAIl-: OF SOIIA vSilicale of soda, or sodium silicate, is manufactured hy fusing to- gether silica ( sand ) and an alkaline soda salt, such as soda ash, to form a kind of glass. I'y special ])rocesses this glass can he made to dis- solve in water, hence one well known name for silicate is "water glass." vSilicate of soda is made in ditterent grades to suit various re(|uirements. and the grades which are used in the |)aper and paper hox industries are made iiarticularly for the ])ur])oses in ([uestion. The Philadelphia (Juartz Companw of Philadel])hia. is one of the largest manufactiu'ers (tt silicate of soda in the world, and this com- ])any is su])])lying the ]xai)er and ])a])er hox industries with great quantities of silicate of soda, in various hrands. for adhesives. coating material for paper hoard, etc. The "X" hrand of silicate is recommended hy this com])any as an inexpensive, (juick-drying, min- eral li(|uid, odorless and colorless, non-corrosive, non-]M)isonous, yet strongly repellent to \ermin. \\"lu'n (lr\- this preparation is resistant to moisture, hut is not ahsoluteK' \\ater-])roof . It is not softened hy heat, and is im])er\ious to all kinds of oils and greases. ("()Ari\(; I'AIM.K HOARD W I 1 1 1 SlI.KAri: OF soix\ When the "X" hrand ot silicate of soda is ]H"operl\' applied as a coating to ])a])er hoard, it lends to make the hoard hoth moistiu'c resistant and grease-proof. \\\ this process a great deal of cracker shell stock tor cartons i> made grease-prool and sulticientlv damp- ])rool. \\\ treating the stock for ])a])er ])lates, hutter and lard hoxes, and containers for oils and greases, with a coating ot silicate of soda, they are made impervious to grease. vSome manufacturers of cartons for hutter. lard. etc.. are making the cartons water-jiroof as well as grease-]iroof 1)\- ha\ing the paper hoard first coated with silicate of soda and then having the stock 147 Sales Sugycstiom for Paper Box Manufacturers coated again with paraffin. Paper milk l)ottles and other paper ves- ses for commodities containing a considerable quantity of water will serve then- purpose to the best advantage when the^stock from which they are n.ade has hrst been coated with silicate of soda an !!^raffin ii 'if""';' , '"" "'"'^' '^^'^^ "^'^ ''''' ^'■--^- '-'-'-^ ^he paiaffin itselt. and the paraffin holds the moisture wJr" '''!"• '-'''''"^^ '"'■^'•' ^'"^' *'*^'' ^^o'^tainers need only to be water-pro,.t, it is sometimes economical to first apply a coating of 148 Method.^ of SUicat'nnj and Para§in'nuj Paper Board silicate before applying the paratlin, as this saves some of the par- affin. The silicate seals the surface pores in the paper, and when the paraffin is api)lie(l only a thin coating is essential for the reason that it will not soak into the paper. When the paper board has first been coated with silicate of soda, a thin coating of paraffin will do just as well as a thick coating. Coating ]\a])er board with silicate can be done on the same kinds of coating machines as are used for ])aranining — for exam])le, fiat sheets may be coated on the Knowlton sheet' co\ering machine, and rolls of pa])er or Ixiard m'i_\- l)e coated on the Knowllon roll coating machine. These machines are very simple in construction and opera- tion. There are two rollers which are adjusted to pinch the board, or ])ai)er. between them, a])])lying the coating solution to one or l)oth sides of the stock, as desired. It is not necessarv to heat silicate of soda for coating, although the tem])erature of the room should not lie too low. Xevertheless. when the silicate i> run warm it spreads somewhat further than when run cold. To insure an e\eu coating of the silicate and to prexent it trom hardening on the rollers the machine should be kf])t running con- tinuously The machine should be kept clean, and when sto])ped tor a period, the rolls should be washed with hot water or with live steam. When silicate hardens on the rollers it is difficult to remove. Either steel or hard rubber rolls will give good results on the machine, but for rough stock rubber rollers will produce the best results. The {|uantity of silicate of soda to be applied varies according to kind of .stock and the purpo.se of the coating. Porous stock naturally requires a larger quantitv than close-grained paper. .\ thin coating, averaging about five ]X)un(ls of silicate to i.ooo square feet of stock, is sufiicient for cracker shell ])a]ier, or as an under coat for paraOni. For st(»ck which is to resist oils and greases, a heavier coating is re- (juired. The i)roper .strength of the silicate dei)en(ls a great deal on the kind of stock. The aim is to have the silicate ])enetrate the surface I)ore,s of the i)ai)er and thus form a continuous film o\er the entire surface cf the stock, if ust'd too hea\\- it might lie on the surface of the paper and tend to crack or i)cel oil. ( )r. if