B— HS JH HBi WM Hi IBH1 ■HMOS mm Oral E 158 .T162 Hi HI9! BOH «i Hi ■ BH Hi H m HE hHmSH ^^^HHHhHhHh aHt&iilSii&ili H BIHIIlilSHi TMHHBMf MfflM i ilM MiHnHBmflwflHTi Bniiff m wlfflmm fli HffilraH waHBHIW — miuii wwwM roam LIBRARY CONGRESS D00D37D2^35 HUB IHmllEHBHnRi ■HhhUI :•■.'■•■■.:.■■..,■■ HSniliffi I I I -'■> » • A * .A O. * „ © * aO t ^> > SISAL* ^ *$> *V '" A o * a V . •.L./w'* O- .A ***** \> < i ' * * 3k9*7\ A * Vy V « * © 9"^ • ^*^ ^V^ >^-2<£^72- THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER; OR THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. CONTAINING BRIEF NOTICES OP THE SEVERAL STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS, CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. WITH ®aWt8 of Mstmm, BY STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES. The whole Alphabetically arranged, with direct Reference to the accompanying Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railways of the United States. SIXTH EDITION. BIT H. S. TANNSEc PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, NO. 309 MARKET STREET. 1840. t~ ! jo Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, By H. S. Tanner, In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. JOSEPH AND WILLIAM KITE, PRINTERS. PREFACE. Encouraged by an increased demand for the American Traveller, I have been induced to prepare an enlarged and greatly improved edition of the work ; which now includes a great amount of fresh information regarding the Western States and Territories. This will be found to be the case, not only with respect to the recently organized Territories of Wisconsin and Iowa, but also, to a large extent, with nearly all the Western and South-western States, comprehending the entire Valley of the Mississippi. In some instances the old descriptions have been either greatly modified or written anew. New tables of distances have been added ; fresh accounts of Rail-roads and Canals have been inserted, and those of an early date corrected. The entire work, in short, has been subjected to a thorough and careful revision, and is thus brought down to the present time, and rendered, I trust, worthy of that approbation of which the rapid sale of the pre- vious editions affords the most gratifying evidence. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION". Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading object of the present work would admit. I have therefore omitted all such details and extraneous matters as would only serve to augment the size of the volume, without producing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to consist of little else than very concise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, their population, number of (iv) counties, area, forms of government, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of the traveller. Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to place, carefully noted. A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity in or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head of each. With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United States, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather more into details than in the other parts of the work. Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of those works which will be found under the heads of the respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commence- ment and termination, and such other facts, as are considered important in reference to the general system of internal im- provements in our country. The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all the leading towns, roads, canals, &c with the distances from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by the inter- secting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to corresponding numbers in the descriptive volume. By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for in the other can be found with great facility. In addition to the information contained in the body of the map, there are appended to the same sheet, the following sup- plementary maps, plans, &c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Wash- ington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Niagara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Of Pottsville, Pa. 13. Pittsburg. 14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louis- ville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description of each of those places in the volume. H. S. TANNER, THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. *»*©««<« EXPLANATION. To find the position of any place on the map, observe the number in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the name in the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map and within the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, figures which refer to the index ; thus reciprocally tending to facilitate their use and application, one to the other. Abbreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. "Ver- mont, ft', ass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connecticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. D. Dela- ware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia. N. 0. North Carolina. S. C. South Carolina G. Georgia. F. Florida. Al. Alabama. Miss. Mis- sissippi. L.Louisiana. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. Tennessee. K.Ken- tucky. Mo. Missouri. 11. Illinois. In. Indiana. Mic. Michigan. O. Ohio. Wis. Wisconsin. Io. Iowa. Can. Canada. C. H. Court- house. R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given, according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed. The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road from Washington to New Orleans be required, turn to the article " Wash- ington," where will be found the route to Richmond, Va. then to that of" Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on. Alabama, state of, (247,) is divided into forty -nine counties, and contained in 1830, a population of 300,527, including 117,549 slaves. Area 52,000 square miles. Capital, Tusca- loosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. 11° 12' W. 1* O ALABAMA. General Election, first Monday in August. Legislature meet, fourth Monday in October. Constitution formed, 1819. Government. — The Governor is elected for two years ; salary $3500. Secretary of State, $1000 and fees. Treasurer and Comptroller of Public Accounts, — salary of each, $1000 ; all elected by the Legislature. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two branches, a Senate and Ilouse of Representatives, which toge- ther are styled the General Assembly of the state of Alabama. The representatives are elected annually, and are appor- tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number can- not be more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth the number of the representatives. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the General As- sembly may, from time to time, direct or establish. The Judges are elected by joint votes of both houses of the General Assembly, every six years. The supreme court, which has appellate jurisdiction only, consists of one chief justice and two associate judges : each receives a salary of $2,500 per annum. It holds its sessions at the capital of the state on the first Mondays of January and June. The circuit court has original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals from inferior courts; it is composed of nine judges, one for each of the nine circuits into which the state is divided. Each of the judges receives $2000 a year, except the judge of the fifth circuit, whose salary is $1,500. This court is invested with chancery powers, each judge is chancellor in his particular district. Education. — In addition to the numerous common schools established by the legislature, there are many academies dis- tributed throughout the state, in which the Greek and Latin languages are taught along with the higher branches of an English education. The University of Alabama, incorporated in 1820, is situated near Tuscaloosa, and is now in successful operation. La Grange College, established by the Methodists, is in the nor- thern part of the state, a few miles from Florence on the Ten- nessee river. Incorporated in 1830. College of Spring-Hill, a Catholic institution, occupies a pleasant situation a few miles ALABAMA. 7 west of Mobile. South Alabama Institute in Perry county, was opened in 1835. Military Force — Consists of ten divisions, each under the command of a major-general ; twenty brigades and eighty-one regiments. All able-bodied white men, with some exceptions, from the ages of 18 to 45, are required to perform military duty. The militia assemble four times a year, two days for drill, one for regimental muster and one day for battalion muster. A new organization of the militia of this state is contemplated. Physical Structure. — In the northern part of Alabama, mountains of considerable elevation occur between the valley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombecbee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &c. The central and southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of mountains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but interspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp oak, holly, &c. the immense forest which still exists there. Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Cahawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &c. Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar. Gold has been found in the northern part of this state. Internal Improvements. — Consist of a rail-road from Tuscum- bia to Decatur on the Tennessee river, length 47 miles. One from Pensacola in Florida to Montgomery on the Alabama : length 190 miles. One from Montgomery to West Point on the Chattahoochee in Georgia. Length 90 miles. Of a canal from Huntsville to Triano on the Tennessee : of a canal from the head of the Muscle Shoals to Florence on the Tennessee. Length 37 miles. Rail-roads are proposed to extend from Daleville to Greensboro, 50 miles. From Erie to Greensboro, 17 miles. From Mobile to the Tennessee river, about 450 miles. From Demopolis to Woodville. From Livingston to Moscow. From Benton to Haysville, 18 miles. Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tusca- loosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, &c. Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.) Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C. Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.) gia, (304.) Albion, II. (166.) Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York, 8 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. contains a population of about 35,000. The principal build- ings are : the Capitol in State-street. Academy, in which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. City Hall near the capitol, and about 20 churches, some of which are hand- some edifices; theatre, museum, public library, several banks, &c. The canal pier, and basin, deserve particular attention. Steam-boats, stages and canal-boats depart in every direction almost hourly. ROUTES FROM ALBANY. To New York by Steam Boats. Coeymans, Coxackie, Hudson, Catskill, (thence to Pine Orch- ard 14 miles,) Red Hook Landing, Kingston, Hyde Park, Pokeepsie, Newburg, West Point, Peekskill, Singsing, Phillipsburg, New York, Miles. 13 7 20 8 28 6 34 11 45 10 55 10 65 5 70 15 85 8 93 10 103 10 113 16 129 16 145 To Utica by Rail-Road. Schenectady, Amsterdam, Caughnawaga, Palatine Bridge, Little Falls of Mo- hawk, Herkimer, Utica, 16 15 31 9 40 12 52 20 72 7 79 17 96 To Buffalo by Erie Canal. Troy, 7 Junction, 2 9 Schenectady, Amsterdam, Schoharie Cr. Caughnawaga, Canajoharie, Little Falls, Herkimer, Frankfort, Utica, Whitesboro, Rome, New London, Canistota, New Boston, Chitteningo, Manlius, Syracuse, Geddesburg, Canton, Jordan, Weedsport, Montezuma, (Lake Port) Clyde, Lyons, Lock vi lie, Palmyra, Fairport, Pittsford, Rochester, Ogden, Adams, 28 46 53 57 69 88 95 5 100 10 110 4 114 125 132 14 146 19 18 7 4 12 19 7 11 7 4 150 4 154 8 162 9 171 2 173 12 185 6 191 6 197 9 206 11 217 9 226 6 232 9 241 11 252 8 260 10 270 12 282 3 285 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. 9 Brock port, 5 290 Beekmansville, 19 45 Holly, 5 295 Cherry Valley, 7 52 Albion, 10 305 Cooperstown, 12 64 Lock port, 28 333 Burlington, 10 74 Pendleton, 7 340 Smyrna, 20 94 Tonnewanta, 12 352 Deruyter, 21 115 Buffalo, 11 363 Truxtun, 10 125 Cortlandt, 13 138 To Buffalo by Stage. Ithaca, 21 159 Schenectady, by R. R. 16 Amsterdam, 16 32 To SacJcefs Harbor, by Caughnawaga, 11 43 Stage. Palatine Bridge, 11 54 Utica, 96 Manheim, 13 67 Rome, 16 112 Little Falls, 7 74 Fish Creek, 11 123 Herkimer, 7 81 Redfield, 20 143 Utica, 15 96 Lorain, 16 159 Manchester, 9 105 Adams, 8 167 Vernon, 8 113 Sacket's Harbor, 10 177 Lenox, 9 122 Sullivan, Manlius, 8 130 6 136 To Ballston and Saratoga by Rail Road. West Hills, Skaneateles, Auburn, 12 148 14 162 7 169 Schenectady, Ballston, 16 14 30 Cayug-a, Waterloo, 9 3 78 8 186 Saratoga, 6 36 (thence to Lake George Geneva, 6 192 32 miles.) Canandaigua, 16 208 Bloomfield, 9 217 To Whitehall, by Champlain Lima, 9 226 Canal. Avon, 7 233 Troy, 7 Caledonia, 8 241 Junction, 2 9 Leroy, 6 247 Water ford, 2 11 Batavia, 10 257 Mechanicsville, 8 19 Pembroke, 14 271 Stillwater, 4 23 Ransom's Grove, 8 279 Bemus Heights, 3 26 Williamsville, 8 287 Schuylersville, 9 35 Buffalo, 10 297 Fort Miller, 5 40 — __ Fort Edward, 8 48 To Ithaca, by Stage. Kingsbury, 5 53 Hamilton, 8 Fort Ann, 7 60 Duanesburg, 12 20 Narrows, 6 66 Esperance, 6 26 Whitehall, 6 72 10 ALB ALL To Whitehall, by Stage. Troy, Lansingburg, Waterford, Mechanicsville, Stillwater, Schuylcrsville, Northumberland, Fort Miller, Fort Edward, Sandy Hill, Kingsbury, Fort Ann, Whitehall, 6 3 9 1 10 8 18 2 20 13 33 35 38 8 46 3 49 5 54 4 58 14 72 To Montreal, by Stage and Steamboat. Whitehall, as above, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Basin Harbor, Essex, Burlington, S. Hero, Plattsburg, Chazy, Isle au Noix, St. Johns, La Prarie, by Stage, Montreal, by Steam Boat, a o pa S ni o W i 72 23 95 14 109 12 121 9 130 15 145 9 154 8 162 li 176 15 191 9 200 17 217 8 225 To Burlington, Vt. via Ben- nington, Middlebury, §c. by Stage. Sand Lake, 11 Berlin, Warm Spring, Pownall, Bennington, Shaftsbury, Sunderland, Manchester, Tinmouth, Rutland, Pittsford, Brandon, Middlebury, Vergennes, Charlotte, Burlington, 10 8 4 8 8 8 21 29 33 41 49 57 8 65 18 83 17 100 8 108 9 117 16 133 14 J 47 9 156 13 169 To Boston, by Union, Lebanon Spring, Pittsfield, Dalton, Peru, Worthington, Chesterfield, Northampton, Hadley, Belchertown, Western , Brookfield, Spencer, Worcester, Farmington, Brookline, Boston, Stage. n 25 32 37 46 55 60 74 78 14 7 5 9 9 5 14 4 10 88 14 102 5 107 8 115 9 124 21 145 17 162 4 166 Allegheny Portage Rail R. see Pennsylvania, (130.) Aldboro Bay, U. C. (75.) Aldie, Va. (176.) Allegheny R. Pa. (103.) Allentown, Pa. (133.) A village situated on the right bank of the Lehigh, in Lehigh county, six miles S. W. from Bethle- hem, and fifty-five N. N. W. from Philadelphia. Population about 1800. ALTON. 11 Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.) Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) Alexandria, Me. (42.) Alexandria, II. (93.) Alexandria, Pa. (128.) Alexandria, Mo. (142.) Alexandria Canal, see Colum- bia, (176.) Alexandria, D. C. (176.) A neat and pleasant city and port of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies the south- ern angle of the District of Columbia. Population about 9,000. The public buildings are, a Court house, six churches, two banks, &c. (For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C.) Alexandria, L. (294.) Alfred, Me. (63.) Alton, II. (163.) A thriving town of Illinois, on the left bank of the Mississippi, three miles above the mouth of the Missouri. Population about 3,000. Its chief buildings are the state penitentiary, market-houses, several extensive hotels, six churches, masonic lodge, &c. ROUTES FROM ALTON. To St. Louis, by » Steam Boat. Ramsay's Creek, 28 67 Missouri River, 3 Clarksville, 8 75 Chateau Island, 9 12 Louisiana, 12 87 St. Louis, 11 23 Saverton, Hannibal, 18 105 7 112 To New Orleans , by Steam Wyaconda, 28 140 Boat. R. des Moines, 22 162 St. Louis, 23 Fort Armstrong, 117 279 Carondelet, 6 29 Prairie Du Chienne, 149 428 Harrison, 23 52 Herculaneum, 1 53 Stage Route to Vandalia. St. Genevieve, 31 84 Upper Alton, 2 JBainbridge, 61 145 Cahokia River, 15 17 Cape Gerardeau, 10 155 Shoal Creek, 20 37 Ohio River, 41 196 Vandalia, 21 58 New Orleans, 1077 1273 . To Carlisle. To Prairie Du Chienne, by Edwardsville, 13 Steam Boat. Troy, 9 22 Peasau Creek, 9 Clifton, 14 36 Illinois River, 10 19 Shoal Creek P. O. 8 44 Cuivre M 20 39 Carlisle, 9 53 12 ALS To Springfield. Woodburn, 16 Carlinsville, 20 36 Girard, 12 48 Springfield, 26 74 ARKANSAS. To CarroUton. Lurton's, Jerseyville, 7 Kane P. 0. 5 CarroUton, 9 12 19 24 33 Alston, S. C. (274.) Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) Amboy, N. J. (134.) Amelia I., F. (318.) America, II. (185.) Amoskeag Canal, see New Amesville, O. (151.) Hampshire, (62.) Amhurst, U. C. (74.) Alachua, F. (315.) Amhurst, N. H. (85.) Anastatia I., F. (330.) Amhurst, C. H. Va. (195.) Annapolis, Md. (177.) Capital of the state, and seat of jus- tice of Anne Arundel county ; is situated on the Chesapeake Bay, and contains the State House, St. John's College, &c. Population about 2750. Distant from Washington 40 miles. Andover, Mass. (85.) Angelica, N. Y. (78.) Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) Anson, Me. (40.) Antwerp, N. Y. (34.) Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) Andersonville, S. C. (252.) Applington, G. (271.) Arkansas, state of, (220) is divided into 35 counties. Popu- lation in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves ; in 1835, 58,134. Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis, Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Longf. 14° 21' W. General election in August. Legislature meef every two years. Constitution formed, 1836. Government — The Governor receives $2000 per annum, is elected for four years, but is not eligible more than eight years out of any period of twelve years. Legislature. — Consists of a Senate and House of Represen- tatives, styled the General Assembly ; meets on the first Mon- day in November. The Senate can never consist of more than 33 nor less than 17 members. The House of Representatives of not less than 54, nor more than 100 representatives. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, (3 judges,) whose jurisdiction is appellate ; circuit courts, county courts, and justices of the peace. The official term of the judges of the supreme court, is eight years ; and those of the circuit court four years. Justices, who are elected by the people, hold their offices for two years. The judges of county courts are chosen by the justices of the peace. ARK BAL 13 Physical Structure. — In the eastern part of the territory it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country becomes mountainous, though level and elevated plains of considerable extent occur between the ridges. Rivers. — Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red, &c. Productions. — Cotton, Corn, Wheat; the Peach, Grape, Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance. Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Francis, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, Lewisburg, Helena, Jefferson, Scotia, &c> Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Arlington, Vt. (60.) Armagh, P. (129.) Ash, Va. (176.) Assateague L, Md. (178.) Asheville,N. C. (232.) Ashboro, N. C. (235.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.) Athens, P. (106.) Athens, O. (150.) Athens, II. (164.) Athens, T. (230.) Athens, Ala. (247.) Athens, G. (270.) Atkins, Va. (213.) Atlas, II. (142.) Auburn, N. Y. (80.) Augusta, K. (170.) Augusta, Miss. (297.) Augusta, G. (272.) Aurora, N. Y. (80.) Aurora, II. (145.) Aurora, O. (101.) Austenville, Va. (214.) Autauga, Ala. (284.) Averysboro, N. C. (236.) Avon, Me. (39.) Avon, N. Y. (79.) B. Balcony Falls Canal, see Vir- ginia, (195.) Balize, Lou. (325.) Back Bay, Va. (219.) Bainbridge, O. (149.) Bainbridge, G. (303.) Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are re- sorted to by many invalids and others. The waters resemble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impregnated with the mineral ingredients. There are several good hotels and private boarding houses, reading rooms, &e. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the most pleasant and salu- brious places of resort in the country. 2 14 BALLSTON. BALTIMORE. ROUTES FROM BALLSTON. Saratoga Springs, 6 Saratoga Lake, 6 Schenectady, by Rail R. 14 Albany* « 30 Waterford, by Stage, Glenn's Falls, Lake George, 22 25 38 Ballsrille, Va. (196.) Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, and the third in point of population in the United Stat s. It occu- pies a favourable position, and appears to much advantage on approaching it from the west. The country immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently elevated to afford an ex- tensive view of the city and its environs, and to render the entire landscape particularly attractive. Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of attention, are Washing- ton Monument, at the intersection of Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a colossal statue of Washington, elevated 163 feet. Battle Monument in Calvert street. Ex- change in Gay street. City Spring in Calvert street. Peni- tentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral ; Custom House ; two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House; Court House; two Theatres; Museum; Water Works, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE, To Philadelphia, by R Road, Philadelphia, 1 95 via Havre Dc Grace Sfc. . Depot, 1 To Philadelphia, by S. Boat Back R. 4 5 and Rail Roac I. Gunpowder R. 11 16 Fort M'Henry, 3 Bush R. 7 23 Sparrows Pfc. 6 9 Havre De Grace, 12 35 North Pt. 3 12 Charleston, 6 41 Pool's Island, 13 25 Northeast, 3 44 Turkey Pt. 23 48 Elkton, 6 50 Frenchtown, 16 64 Newark Road, 6 56 N. Castle, by R. R. 16 80 Newport, 8 64 Chester, by S. Boat, 17 97 Wilmington, 4 68 Philadelphia, 18 115 Marcus Hook Road, 9 77 Chester, 4 81 To Philadelphia, by Steam Gray's Ferry Viaduct, 9 90 Boat and Canal, Philad'a. R. R. 4 94 Turkey Pt. as above, 48 _l J I L I J I J I n i — i r^n izj-q — DCEDHOLT \ ~3j .—i n n r~] i -i ^ ! — gi r=i c 1 CD L3 ^v_?S I ansrsna 5 771 c^l^Eg 177] \7— lb 3 rrSi i — 1 1 — ■ — l W~\T\ "1 -J |-'* l |qaaifcflral I ^1 era C3 cj] rrsii^zg — *1 : *l (— & fT^l I "ft I S - ^-flJ I £i I &l I 1 hngnsa V I T^oif^l Efi 00 Q — -1 "\ ~i\ >. I — I ~~1 l~sl "31 !~l fvfl — | % K.TTTT71 —1 — | — 1 — 1 Igosc^nBing. rug g ^^^ ,-q ^ ^ ~H — :i +n till "^ ira n TK-^ - 1 ~!l ~'1 — ' ~R 71 1'l ~~9 Vj'TI ~i n n -i ITi 7~l^n 2.1-1^1 pi |rg ipn~n - a £ 5 ixwiirtfrnirinr ^1 -^y rgflm ^]^ hsb .n.niffif i7^w ^ iiainn imii 1117^^5=^5^'^' l -^>- 'ci- i K \ '/s\ £\C\\ — I .-in , — i — l — i — \ \ 23 Gfl g :-— l ^1 3?S^3§H ~ C3gat3 n~iTi m m □ ^1 v .& ^ r— i r-B naia Lll 11 ll I Ls I ^\\ > 7 CF^> <~f%^ 3|E| |;|!>>i^---a,Jl/.^^ S5f nnnRHRSHniTi ■ JJH -qJ 1 SI 1 SI I J BALTIMORE. 15 f Bohemia, 10 58 •3 1 Deep Cut, 5 63 g { St. George's, 4 67 ^ J Delaware City 5 72 I New Castle, 6 78 Philadelphia, 35 113 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Gunpowder V. 14 Abingdon, 10 24 Havre De Grace, 10 34 Elkton, 16 50 Wilmington, 20 70 Chester, 13 83 Philadelphia, 15 98 To Washington, by Stage. Elkridge Landing, 8 Waterloo, 5 13 Vansville, 10 23 Bladensburg, 8 31 Washington, 6 37 To Washington, by Boat. Steam Bodkin Pt. 13 Herring Bay, Patuxent, 32 45 32 77 Pt. Lookout, 20 97 Washington's B. P. 31 128 Matthews Pt. 18 146 Cook's Ferry, Mt. Vernon. 23 169 18 187 Alexandria, 9 196 Washington, 8 204 To Wheeling, Va. by Rail Road and Stage. . f Deep Cut, 2 ^ J Washington road, 3 5 j§ j Still house run, 1 6 -jj j Patapsco river, 4 10 |g j Ellicott's, 2 12 I Eagle Factory, 2 14 *i 12 3 f Crossing of Patap- sco, Sykes, Gillets run, 6 Parrsville, 5 New Market, 6 Monocacy river, 9 Frederick, 4 (Thence to the Pt. of Rocks, 11 miles.) Middletown, 9 Boonsboro, 7 (Thence to Hagerstown, 11 miles.) Williamsport, 12 Big Spring, 10 Hancock, 17 114 Prattsville, 18 132 Cumberland, 21 153 Mt. Pleasant, 10 163 Petersburg, 25 188 Smythfield, 4 192 Union, 21 213 Brownsville, 12 225 Hillsboro, 11 236 Washington, 12 248 W. Alexandria, 15 263 I Wheeling, 16 279 26 29 35 40 46 55 59 68 75 87 97 H3 O To Frederick, by Stage. Ellicotts, 10 Lisbon, 12 22 Poplar Spring, 5 27 Parrsville, 4 31 New Market, 5 36 Frederick, 11 47 To Annapolis, by Stage. Patapsco R. 7 Indian Landing, 14 21 Annapolis, 9 30 To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage. Hookton, 6 16 BAL BED Reisterstown, Westminster, Petersburg, Gettysburg 1 , 11 17 12 29 15 44 10 54 To York, Pa. by Stage. Govanston, Towsenton, Golden Ho. Hereford, Wisebiiry, Strasburg, York, 2 7 7 14 7 21 2 23 11 34 14 48 Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.) Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.) Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.) Baltimore and Washington R. Road. See Md. (156.) Bangor, Me. (41.) Banister, Va. (216.) Barataria Bay, Lou. (3Q3.) Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.) Barbourville, K. (211.) Bardstown, K. (189.) Bargaintown, N. J. (158.) Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) Barnesville, O. (151.) Barnstable, Mass. (112.) Barnwell, S. C. (272.) Bartonville, Mo. (162.) Batavia, N. Y. (55.) Batesville, Ark. (223.) Bath, N.Y. (79.) Bath Rail Road. See New York, (79.) Bath, Va. (154.) Bath, N. C. (238.) Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.) Bays T., N. C. (231.) Beaufort, N. C. (258.) Beans Station, T. (211.) Beaver, P. (128.) Beaufort, S. C. (290.) Beardstown, II. (118.) Beck's Settlement, II. (144.) Bedford, N. Y. (109.) Bedford, P. (130.) County town of Bedford Co. Pa. is situ- ated among the Allegheny mountains, on the main road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg; 200 miles from the former, and 98 miles from the latter place. Population about 1000. Bedford has long been celebrated for its mineral .springs, and is a favorite resort for invalids and others in search of health or pleasure during the summer season. These springs, which are used in chronic diseases, generally, contain carbonic acid, magnesia, sulphate of lime, muriate of soda, carbonate of iron, lime, &c. The water possesses laxative and sudorific powers in a high degree, and often act as an emetic. The accommo- dations here are upon an extensive and respectable scale, and afford to visiters every convenience found in similar establish- ments elsewhere. BEL BLA 17 Bellair, Md. (156.) Belle Fontaine, O. (125.) Belleville, II. (164.) Bellville, K.(187.) Bellefonte, P. (131.) Belfast, Me. (40.) Bclfont, Ala. (248.) Belgrade, II. (186.) Beelersville, F. (312.) Bellows Falls Canal. Vermont, (61.) Belmont, P. (107.) Belpre, O. (151.) Belvedere, N. J. (133.) See Bennetville, S. C (255.) Bennington, Vt. (83.) Benton, Vt. (60.) Benton, Mo. 185. Benton, Miss. (280.) Berkshire, Vt. (37.) Berlin, P. (154.) Berges, N. C. (236.) Berwick, P. (106.) Berkshire, O. (126.) Bertrand, Lou. (277.) Bethany, P. (107.) Bethania, N. C. (214.) Bethlehem, P. (133.) In Northampton county, 50 miles north of Philadelphia. Its inhabitants consist chiefly of Moravians, whose most extensive establishment is fixed here. The town is characterized by a degree of neatness and order, seldom surpassed, which the peculiar regulations and habits of the people enable it to maintain. It is supplied with water from the Lehigh, by means of a forcing pump, erected nearly 80 years since. Beverly, Va. (173.) BigHatcheeR., T. (225.) Big Spring, K. (188.) B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.) Binghamton, N. Y. (81.) Blacksburg, Mich. (70.) Blacksburg, Va. (194.) Black's R. Ark. (204.) Black's Bluff, Ala. (299.) Blackwater, Va. (218.) Blakely.G. (301.) Blakely,Ala. (311.) Blandford, Mass. (84.) Block I., R. 1.(111.) Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.) Bloom field, K. (189.) Bloomfield, Ind. (146.) Bloomington, Ind. (146.) Bloomington, II. (120.) Blountville, T. (212.) Blountsville, Ala. (248.) Boardman, O. (102.) Boat Yard, or Kingsport, T. (212.) Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.) Bolivar, Miss. (265.) Bolivar, T. (226.) Bolton, Mass, (85.) Boonville, N. Y. (58.) Boonville, Mo. (161.) Boonsville, Ind. (166.) Bordentown, N. J. (131) Boston, Me. (19.) Bellows Falls Canal. See Vermont, (61.) Belle-plain Rail Road, See Virginia, (176.) Blackstone CanaL See Mas- sachusetts, (85.) §* 18 BOSTON. Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, and the fourth in magnitude in the United Stages. It is situated on a peninsula, which extends in a north-east direction from the main land, with which it is connected by several bridges, in addition to the "neck" so called. Its outline is about five miles in extent. There are several thriving villages in the neigh- bourhood of Boston, which may be considered as parts of the city, though under different municipal regulations. The principal of these villages are Charlestown, Lechmere point, the Neck, and South Boston. The objects of interest in and about Boston, are — Tremont house, in Common st., an immense hotel, containing 202 apartments. State house, oppo- site the common, (western part of the city.) Old State house, Court st. Faneuel hall, in Chatham st. Theatre, Federal st. Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of Washington in the state house. Navy Yard, and Breed's hill, rendered memora- ble by the battle between the British and American forces, on the 17th of June, 1775, commonly called the battle of Bunker's Hill. Besides the buildings devoted to public uses there is in Boston, an usual proportion of splendid private dwellings, churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union. ROUTES FROM BOSTON. To Albany by Stage. Brook! ine, Farmington, Westboro, Worcester, Spencer, Brookfield, Belchertown, Hadley, Northampton, Chesterfield, Peru, Dal ton, Pittsfield, Lebanon Springs, Albany, 17 10 11 9 8 19 10 4 14 106 14 120 9 129 5 134 7 141 25 166 4 21 31 42 51 59 78 88 92 To Hartford, by Stage. Brookline, 4 Dover, Medway, Mendon, Douglass, Thompson, Ash ford, Willington, Tolland, Ellington, Hartford, 11 15 12 27 9 36 12 48 14 62 20 82 2 84 7 91 5 96 14 110 To Providence by Stage, and thence to New York by Steam Boat. Roxbury, 5 Dedham, 5 10 Wrentham, 18 28 Attleboro, 7 35 Pawtucket, 7 42 ROUTES FROM BOSTON. 19 Providence, 3 45 Pawtuxet, 5 50 Newport, 20 70 Point Judith, 14 84 New London Harb. 35 119 (Thence to New London, 4 miles.) Connecticut R. 14 133 Falkner's Is. 19 152 New Haven Harb. 12 164 (Thence to N. Haven, 4 miles.) Blackrock, 19 1S3 Southport, 5 188 Oldwell, 8 196 West Greenwich, 16 212 Throgs Pt. 19 231 New York, 16 247 To Taunton, by Stage. Dorchester, 7 Bridge water, 15 22 Taunton, 12 34 To Barnstable, by Stage. Quincy, Weymouth, Hanover, Kingston, Plymouth, .Sandwich, Barnstable, 9 6 15 9 24 11 35 6 41 18 59 13 72 To Concord, N. H. and thence to Montpelier, Vt., by Stage. Medford, Stoneham, Andover, Methuen, Londonderry, Hookset Falls, Concord, Boscawen, Andover, Vt. Grantham, Dartmouth Col. Stratford, Chelsea, Barre, Montpelier, 4 11 4 16 19 8 10 14 22 114 11 125 16 141 9 150 15 165 9 174 6 10 21 25 41 60 68 73 92 To Portland, Me, Saugus, Danvers, Topsfield, Rowley, ! Newburyport, ! Hampton, Portsmouth, I York, Wells, i Kennebunk, Pt. Saco, Portland, To Rutland, Vt. Cambridge, Concord, Groton, Townsend, New Ipswick, Keene, Bellows Falls, Chester, Cavendish Rutland, by Stage. 4 14 18 14 32 by Stage. 10 7 17 6 23 8 31 5 36 9 45 13 58 9 67 15 82 6 88 10 98 16 114 To Newburyport, via Salem, by Stage. Chelsea, 5 9 41 i Lynn, 5 10 12 53 ! Salem, 5 15 27 80 Beverly, 2 17 20 100 ' Wenham, 4 21 13 113 Hamilton, 2 23 12 125 j Ipswich, 5 28 26 151 [ Newburyport, 10 38 20 BOS ERU m Boat. York Harb. 5 77 4 Kennebunk H. 12 89 6 10 Fletcher's Neck, 12 101 6 16 Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 3 19 Portland, 10 124 Miscellaneous Rovtes by 8 r, 27 Steam Boats. Fort Warren, 2 Fort Independence, 3 10 37 Long Island, 6 16 53 Pt. Alderton, 10 7 60 The Brewster?, 10 12 73 To Portland, by Steam Boat. Point Shirley, Nahant, Marblehead, Salem Harbor, (Thence to Salem, 5 miles.) Gloucester Harb. (Thence to Gloucester, 4 miles.) Cape Ann, Newbury Harb. Boar's Head, Portsmouth Harb. Boston and Lowell Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Providence Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Worcester Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston, O. (101.) Boston, N. Y. (78.) Bowling-green, Va. -(176.) Bowling-green, Mo. (141.) Bowling-green, K. (188.) Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) Bowerbank, Me. (19.) Bow Canal. See New Hamp- shire, (62.) Boydtown Va. (216.) Brandon, Vt. (60.) Brandon, Miss. (280.) Brattleboro, Vt. (84.) Brasstown, N. C. (230.) Brashears, Miss. (280.) Bridge Town, Md. (157.) Brunswick, N. J. (134.) An incorporated city, and seat of jus. tice for Middlesex county, on the west bank of the Raritan river, 34 miles S. W. of New York, and 26 N. E. from Trenton ; population about 7000. Public buildings are, a Court house, Bridgetown, N. J. (157.) Bridgetown, Me. (63.) Bridge Town, D. 178.) Bridgetown, Va. (198.) Bridgewater, Ala. (247.) Bristol, R. I. (111.) Brockport, U. C. (34.) Brockport, N. Y. (55.) Brookfield, Mass. (84.) Brooklyn, C. (111.) Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) Brookville, Ind. (148.) Brookville, Md. 156.) Brownington, Vt. (37.) Brownstown, Mich. (73.) Brownsburg, T. (225.) Brownsville, P. (120.) Brownstown, Ind. (168.) Brownsville, II. (185.) Browns, G. (250.) Brownsburg, Miss. (295.) Brunswick, Me. (63.) Brunswick, N. J. (134.) BUFFALO. 21 College, seven Churches, two Academies, a Lancasterian school, two Banks, &c. and a fine bridge over the Raritan. The Raritan canal has its eastern termination here, which, with rail and turnpike roads in all directions, affords extensive facilities for commercial purposes. Brunswick, N. C. (256.) Buckstown, Me. (41.) Bryan C. H., G. (281.) Buffalo, Va. (172.) Buchannan, Va. (152.) Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Pop- ulation about 16,000. The public buildings are a court-house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &c. Stages, steam- boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from Buffalo almost every hour. ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. To Albany, by the Canal. Erie Schenectady, Troy, 18 335 21 356 Tonnewanta, Pendleton, 11 12 23 Albany, 7 363 Lockport, Albion, 7 30 28 58 To Albany, by Stage. Williamsville, 10 Holly, Brockport, Ogden, 10 68 5 73 8 81 Ransoms, Pembroke, Batavia, 8 18 8 26 14 40 Rochester, 12 93 Leroy, 10 50 Fairport, 18 111 Avon, 14 64 Palmyra, 11 122 Lima, 7 71 Lyons, 15 137 Bloomfield, 9 80 Montezuma, 20 157 Canandaigua, 9 89 Jordan, 15 172 Geneva, 16 105 Syracuse, Manlius, 20 192 9 201 Cayuga, Auburn, 14 119 9 128 New Boston, 12 213 Skaneateles, 7 135 Canistota, 4 217 Westbills, 14 149 Rome, 21 238 Manlius, 12 161 Whitesboro, 11 249 Lenox, 14 175 Utica, 4 253 Vernon, 9 184 Herkimer, 15 268 Utica, 17 201 Little Falls, 7 275 Herkimer, 15 216 Canajoharie, 19 294 Little Falls, 7 223 Caughnewaga, Amsterdam, 12 306 11 319 Palatine Bridge, Amsterdam, 20 243 22 265 22 ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Schenectada, 16 281 Albany by R. Road, ] 6 297 To Niagara Falls, by Stage. Blackroek, 1 Chippewa, 16 17 Niagara Falls, 2 19 To Niagara Falls, by Stage, via Manchester. Blackroek, 1 Tonnewanta, 8 9 Schlosser, 10 19 The Falls, 2 21 To Rochester, by Stage. Batavia, as above, 40 Bergen, 13 53 Rochester, 17 70 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Hamburg, 11 Cattaraugus, 19 30 Dunkirk, 15 45 Westfield, 15 60 Burget's town, 16 76 Erie, 14 90 To Erie, and thence to De- troit, by Steam Boat. Cattaraugus, 28 Dunkirk, 13 41 Westfield, 15 56 Erie, 30 86 Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.) Bulitown, Va. (173.) Burksville, K. (209.) Burgettstown, P. (77.) Burlington, Vt. (36.) Burlington, N. Y. (81.) Burlington, N. J. (134.) Burlington, K. (148.) Falrport, 74 160 Cleveland, 30 190 Sandusky, 60 250 Detroit, 75 325 To Hamilton, by Stage. Hamburg, 11 Boston, 12 23 Springville, 10 23 Ellicotville, 16 49 Hamilton, 20 69 To Ithaca, by Stage. Aurora, 15 Warsaw, '26 41 Perry, Moscow, 8 49 7 56. Geneseo, 4 60 Dansville, 18 78 Conhocton, 8 86 Bath, 20 106 Jersey, Salubria, 10 116 15 131 Ithaca, 20 151 To Ithaca, via Batavia and Cayuga Lake. Cayuga, as above, 119 Union, by Steam B. 6 125 Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132 Milton, do. 7 139 Ludlowsville, do. 10 149 Ithaca, do. 8 157 Burlington, Ind. (146.) Burlington, O. (171.) Burnthorn, Ala. (299.) Bushville, P. (108.) Butler, P. (120.) Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.) Byron, G. (302.) Byron, Mich. (73.) CAB CAT 23 C. Canfield, O. (J 02.) Canton, N. Y. (34.) Canton, Ind. (145.) Canton, O. (127.) Canton, Ala. (283.) Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) Cantwell, D. (157.) Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.) Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) Cape Flenlopen, D. (178.) Cape May, N. J. (179.) Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.) Cape Charles, Va. (199.) Cape Henry, Va. (199.) Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) Cape St. Bias, F. (326.) Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) Cape St. George, F. (327.) Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) Cadiz, K. (207.) Cadiz, O. (127.) Cahawba R., Ala. (267.) Cahawba, Ala. (283.) Calcasiu R., Lou. (306.) Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) Caledonia, Mo. (184.) Calhoun, T. (230.) Cambridge, 0.(127.) Cambridge, Md. (177.) Cambridge, S. C. (253.) Camden, Me. (40.) Camden, N.J. (157.) Camden and Amboy Rail Road. See New Jersey, (134.) Camden, S. C. (254.) Campbellsville, K« (189.) Campbells T. (230.) Campbells, N. C. (255.) Campbelhon, G. (269.) CanandaigUa, N. Y. (79.) Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) Canadea, N. Y. (78.) Carrollton, II. (142.) Seat of justice of Greene county, is pleasantly situated on the borders of Spring Prairie — is a thriving place, and is surrounded by a beautiful and fertile country. Population about 1500. Carrolton, G. (268.) Carlinville, II. (143.) Carlisle, Penn. (131.) Carlisle, Ind. (166.) Carlisle, K. (170.) Carlyle, II. (164.) Carmi, II. (165.) Carman, N. Y. (136.) Carnesville, G. (251.) Carney, G. (305.) Cartersville, Va. (196.) Carthage, N. C (235.) Carthage, N. Y. (58.) Carthage, T. (209.) Casco Bay, Me. (63.) Castine, Me. (41.) Catskill, N. Y. (83.) Catskill and Canajoharie R. Road. SeeN. Y. (82.) Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) Catletsburg, K. (171.) Catawba R., N. C. (233.) 24 CAT CHARLESTON. Catawba Canals. See S. Ca- rolina, (254.) Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.) Cavendish, Vt. (61.) Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) Cayuga Lake, N. Y, (80.) Cedar Bay, N. J. (168.) Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) Central Rail Road. See Pennsylvania, (132.) Centreville, O. (150.) Centreville, Md. (157.) Centreville, Va. (176.) Centreville, K. (187.) Centreville, Ala. (283.) Centreville, Pa. (103.) Centre, N. Y. (81.) Centre, P. (103.) Ceres, P. (104.) Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Champlain Canal. See New York, (60.) Chambersburg, P. (155.) Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) Chaplin T., K. (209.) Charleston, N. H. (61.) Charleston, Va. (155.) Charleston, Ind. (168.) Charleston, Va. (172.) Charleston, S. C. (291.) The metropolis of the state of South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, includ- ing 15,534 slaves. It is situated on the point of junction of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Almshouse in Mazyck street ; the Orphans' Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church ; Court-house .and City Hall in Broad street ; Medical College in Short street ; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina Society's Hall ; Hospital in Back street, and about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid. ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. To Hamburg, by S. C. Rail Road. To Woodstock, Summersville, Branchville, Midway, Black sville, Aiken, Hamburg, To Columbia, by Stage. Dorchester, 20 Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 Kerrs, 14 51 15 7 22 40 62 10 72 8 90 30 120 16 136 Orangeburg, Conheim, Columbia, 25 76 25 101 13 114 To Savannah, Ga. by Stage. Guerin's Ferry, H Parker's, 17 28 Pocataligo, 32 60 Coosawhatchie, 6 66 Hoggstown, 17 83 Savannah, 23 106 ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 25 To Savannah, by Steam Boat. Fort Moultrie, 4 Coffin Land, 6 10 Stono Inlet, 11 21 So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48 St. Helena So. 3 51 Truncard's Inlet, 21 72 Hilton Head, 4 76 Bloody Point, 18 94 Savannah, 17 111 To Wilmington, N. C. via Georgetown. Jones', 33 N. Santee R. 12 45 Georgetown, 14 59 Gr. Pedee R. 26 85 Conwayboro, 15 100 Lit. River Inlet, 27 127 Brunswick, C. H. 24 151 Brunswick, 17 168 Oldtown, Wilmington, 8 176 8 184 To Fayetteville, N. C. by Stage. Quinby Br. Santee R. 19 Black Cr. 15 Port's F. 34 L. Pedee R. 30 Lumberton, 34 Fayetteville, 32 25 44 59 93 123 157 189 To Cheraw, by Stage. Bedheimer's, Monk's Corner, Gpurdine's F. Kingstree, Lynch's Cr. Darlington, Society Hill, Cheraw, 9 25 14 28 19 14 13 24 33 58 72 100 119 133 146 Chardon, O. (101.) Charlottsville, Va. (175.) Charlotte, N. C. (234.) Charlotte, T. (207.) Chataugay, L. C. (15.) Chattahochie, G. (269.) Chattahochie River, Ala. (301.) Chattahochie R., G. (250, Chatham, Mass. (112.) Chaumont, N. Y. t33.) Chagrine, O. (101.) Chehaw, G. (286.) Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) Chelsea, Vt. (61.) Cheeks, T. (211.) Chemung Canal. See York, (80.) Chenango Canal. See York, (80.) Cheraw, S. C. (255.) Cherokee, G. (249.) Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) Chester, N. Y. (60.) Chester, Vt. (61.) Chester, N. H. (85.) Chester, Pa. (157.) Chester T., Md. (156.) Chesterville, Me. (39.) ) Chesterville, S. C. (253.) • Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. See Md. (157.) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, See Md. (157.) Chicago, 11. (95.) New Chickasaws, Miss. (245.) Chichis, Texas, (293.) New Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) Chillicothe, 0.(149.) Chipola F. (314.) 3 26 CHI CINCINNATI. Chippewav, U. C. (54.) Chowan Navigation. See Chiswell, Va. (198.) ^ Virginia, (218.) Chittenango Canal. See New Christianburg, Va. (194.) York, (80.) Christianvilie, Va. (216.) Cholsonville, Va. (217.) Church, N. C. (257.) Cincinnati, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (1839,) is about 42,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public build- ings consist of, a Court-house in Tenth street ; four Market- houses ; Bazaar in Third street ; Theatre in Second street ; Banks ; College in Walnut street ; Atheneum in Sycamore street; Medical College in Sixth street; Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street; two Museums, one in Main, and the other in Fourth street ; Hospital in Plum street ; Lunatic Asylum ; High school, and about thirty churches. ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. To Louisville, by Steamboat. Guyandot, 7 151 Lawrenceburg, 24 Gallipolis, 34 185 Aurora, 4 28 Pt. Pleasant, 3 188 Rising Sun, 7 35 Letart's Is. 29 217 Fredericksburg, 20 55 Belville, 30 247 Vevay, 10 65 Parkersburg, 17 264 Fort William, 10 75 Marietta, 13 277 Madison, 13 88 Newport, 16 293 Westport, 21 109 Sistersville, 17 310 JefFersonviile, 22 131 Elizabethtown, 35 345 Louisville, 1 132 Wheeling, 13 358 Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 Warrentown, 8 366 Miles. See Louisville. Wellsburg, 6 372 Steubenville, 7 379 To Pittsburg, by S. Boats. Favvcetstown, 22 401 New Richmond, 21 Beaver, 19 420 Pt. Pleasant, 5 26 Economy, 9 429 Moscow, 6 32 Middletown, 9 438 Mechanicsville, 3 35 Pittsburg, 11 449 Augusta, 6 41 Ripley, 9 50 To Dayton, by CanaL Maysville, 7 57 Reading, 12 Manchester 10 67 Hamilton, 16 28 Portsmouth, 36 103 Middletown , 14 42 Burlington, 41 144 Franklin, 6 48 ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 27 Miamisburg, Dayton, 6 54 14 68 To Columbus, by Stage, Reading - , Sharon, Lebanon, Waynesville, Xenia, Charleston, London, Georgesville, Columbus, 10 5 15 16 31 9 40 15 55 18 73 11 84 12 96 13 109 Brookvrlle, Somerset, Rushville, Indianapolis, 17 40 11 51 14 65 40 105 To Louisville, by Stage. Lawrenceville, 23 Madison, 34 57 Louisville, 38 95 ' To Greenville, by Stage. Mt. Pleasant, 11 Hamilton, 12. 33 New comb, 18 41 Eaton, 8 49 Greenville, 28 77 To Indianapolis, by Stage. Miami, 15 Harrison, 8 23 To Lexington, by Stage. Newport, 1 Gaines, 12 13 Theobolds, 12 25 Georgetown, 29 54 Lexington, 13 67 To Chillicothe, by Stage. Newton, 8 Batavia, 15 23 Williamsburg, 8 31 Hillsboro, 28 59 Bainbridge, 22 81 Chillicothe, 18 99 Cinthiana, K. (169.) Circleville, O. (150.) Claiborne, Ala. (299.) Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Clarksburg, Md. (155.) Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clarksville, T. (207.) Cleveland, O. (101,) is a place of considerable trade, being situated on the northern termination of the Ohio and Erie Canal. ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND. Clarksville, G. (251.) Clarksville, Ala. (298.) Clarktown, N. Y. (109.) Claytonville, G. (251.) Clearfield, Pa. (104.) Clermont, N. Y, (83.) To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. Fairport, 30 Erie, 74 104 Westfield, 30 134 Dunkirk, 15 149 Cattaraugus, 13 162 Buffalo, 28 190 To Detroit, by Steam Boat. Huron, 50 Sandusky, 10 60 Detroit, 75 135 28 cli COLUMBIA. To Portsmouth^ by Canal. Coshocton, 26 133 Akron, 38 Newark, 40 173 New Portage, 9 47 Bloomfield, 52 225 Massillon, 21 68 Circleville, 11 236 Bolivar, 12 80 Chillicothe, 20 256 New Philadelphia 14 94 Piketon, 24 280 Gnadenhutten, 13 107 Portsmouth, 27 307 Clinton, N. Y. (58.) Clinton, T. (210.) Clinton, K. (206.) Clinton, Lou. (308.) Clinton, G. (270.) Clover Ball, Va. (174.) Clubfoot Canal. See North Carolina, (258.) Coal M., Pa. (104.) Codorus Navigation. • See Pa. (132.) Colchester, C. (110.) Coldcamp, N. C. (256.) Cochecton, N. Y. (107.) Coleman, Lou. (307.) Coleraine, Pa. (148.) Coleraine, N. C. (218.) Coleraine, G. (317.) Coles, Va. (215.) Coles, N. C. (218.) Colington, F. (327.) Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two counties. Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capi- tal, City of Washington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria. Rivers. — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im- provements. — Alexandria Canal, extends from the point of termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at Georgetown to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Chio Canal. See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail Roads. See Maryland. Columbia, N. H. (38.) Columbia, Me. (42.) Columbia, P. (132.) Columbia, Mo. (161.) Columbia, Ind. (1G6.) Columbia, K. (189.) Columbia, Va. (186.) Columbia T. (227.) Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capital of the state of South Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. college, are the chief buildings. ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. To Charleston, by Stage, via. Orangeburg. Gran by, 1 Conheim, 12 13 Orangeburg, 25 38 Kerrs, 25 63 COL COLUMBUS. 29 Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 Fayetteville, 24 148 Dorchester, 17 94 Charleston, 20 114 To Yorkville, by Stage. Round Top, 10 To Augusta, Ga., by Stage. Winnsboro, 19 29 Lexington, C. H. 12 Chesterville, 25 54 Leesville, 17 29 Yorkville, 22 76 Lumkins, 6 35 (Thence to Salisbury, N. C. Lotts, 12 47 74 miles.) Edgefield, 10 57 Augusta, 15 72 To Greensville, by Stage. Lexington, C. H. 12 To FayeltevUle, N. C, by Saluda R. 14 26 Stage. Newberry, 17 43 Colonels Cr 16 Belfast, 16 59 Ferry over Wateree, 14 30 Huntsville, 8 67 Camden, 2 32 Laurensville, 9 76 Debrules, 12 44 Reedy R. 19 95 Sanders, 12 56 Greenville, 19 114 Black Cr. 9 65 ■ Che raw, 22 87 To Winsboro, 29 Boundary, 15 102 — Ruff's Ferry, 39 Laurel Hill 13 115 — N. Edisto River, 22 Lumber R. 9 124 — M'Cord's Ferry, 33 Columbia, N. C. (238.) Columbiana, O. (128.) Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.) Columbus, O. (141.) Capital of the state, founded, in 1812. Population, about 7,000, and rapidly increasing. Public build- ings : state-house ; court-house ; state offices ; penitentiary ; deaf and dumb asylum ; theological seminary, &c. ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS. To Cincinnati, by Stage. Georgeville, London, 12 13 25 Charleston, 11 36 Xenia, 18 54 Waynesville, Lebanon, 15 9 69 78 Sharon, 16 94 Reading, 5 99 (Cincinnati, 10 109 To Portsmouth, by Stage. Bloomfield, 17 Circleville, 9 26 Chillicothe, 19 45 Piketon, . 19 64 Lucasville, 13 77 Portsmouth, 13 90 3* To Athens, by Stage. Lythopolis, 21 «su CONCORD. Green Castle, 4 25 Mt. Vernon, 20 47 Lancaster, 7 32 Loudonville, 24 71 Logan, 17 49 Wooster, 22 93 Nelsonville, 16 65 Jackson, 12 105 Millville, 4 69 Medina, 12 117 Athens, 7 76 Cleveland, 27 144 To Wheeling, Va. by the To Portsmouth, by Canal. National Road. Junction, 10 Hebron, 28 Bloomfield, 7 17 Zanesville, 27 55 Circleville, 11 28 Cambridge, 25 80 Chillicothe, 20 48 Fairview, 21 101 Piketon, 24 72 St. Clairsville, 24 125 Portsmouth, 27 99 Wheeling, 10 135 To Cleveland ,by Canal. To Portland, by Stage. Hebron, 34 Worthington, 9 Newark, 10 44 Delaware, 17 26 Coshocton, 40 84 Norton, 11 37 Gnadenhutten, 26 110 Bucyrus, 26 63 Bolivar, 26 136 Portland, 55 118 Massillon, 12 148 Akron, 33 181 To Cleveland, by Stage. Cleveland, 37 218 Granville, 27 '85.) Columbus Canal . See Ohio, Columbus, G. (S (149.) Competition, Va . (215.) Columbus, K. (206.) Coombsville, K. (189.) Columbus, Miss. (265.) Compte, Lou. (293.) Cornells, Ala. (285.) Concord, N. H (62.) Capital of the state of New Hamp- shire. ROUTES FROM CONCORD. To Boston, by Stage. To Montpelier, Vt. by Stage. Hookset Falls, 8 Boscawen, 10 Londonderry, . 19 27 Andover, 14 24 Methuen, 16 43 Grantham, 22 46 Andover, 4 47 Dartmouth Col. 11 57 Stoneham, 11 58 Stratford, 16 73 Med ford, 4 62 Chelsea, 9- 82 Boston, 6 68 Barre, ' 15 97 CONNECTICUT. 31 Montpelier, 9 106 To White Hills, by Stage. Boscawen, 10 Bristol, 22 32 Plymouth, 13 45 Thornton, 12 57 Peeling, 11 68 Bethlehem, 19 87 Mt. Washington, 15 102 To Portsmouth, by Stage. Deerfield, 18 Nottingham, 6 24 Denham, 10 34 Newington, 5 39 Portsmouth, 7 46 Ceudersport, Pa. (104.) Cornwall, Can. (14.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.) Conneaught, O. (102.) Connecticut R. (38.) Concord, N. Y. (83.) Concord, N. C. (234.) Concordia, L. (295.) Conestoga Navigation. See Pennsylvania, (132.) Covington, N.Y. (78.) Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. Population in 1830, 297,711. Area, 5,100 square miles. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New Haven. Lat. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General Election, first Monday in April ; Legislature meet first Wednesday in May ; Constitution formed, 1818. Government. — The Governor is elected annually ; salary $1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum. The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and con- sists of twenty-one senators, and 208 members of the House of Representatives, elected annually, The pay of the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day. The General Assembly has one staled session every year, alternately at Hartford and New Haven. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior courts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of seventy years. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1,1 00 per annum. The four Associate Judges $1,050 each. Physical Structure.— The State of Connecticut is naturally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and Housa- tonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, having but few, if any elevations deserving the name of mountains. The middle section, or that portion of the state lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the Housatonic on the west, 32 COF CRO is strictly a mountainous region, especially on the N. W. part of it. The third, or western section is, with the exception of the southern portion of Fairfield county, composed almost entirely of hills and mountains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,500 feet. Rivers. — Honsatonic, Saugatuck, Connnecticut, Farming- ton, Thames, Quinebaug, and Shetucket. Towns. — Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Bridgeport, Guilford, Killingworth, Newton, Stamford, Stonington, Waterbury, &c. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small grains; flax, hemp, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. — Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the north boundary of the state. It is proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further distance of 22 miles; entire length so far as completed 56 miles; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut river. Length 5J miles. New York, Providence and Boston Rail Road from Stonington in Connecticut to Providence; length 47 miles. Worcester and Norwich Rail Road ; length 48 miles. Hartford and New Haven Rail Road, via. Meriden, 35 miles long. Rail-roads are proposed to extend from Hart- ford to Springfield ; Hartford to Worcester, &,c. &c. CofFeeville, Ala. (298.) Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Coteau da Lac, Can. (14.) Conwayboro, S. C. (274.) Connecuh R., Ala. (300.) Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Connelsville, Pa. (129.) Conyngham, P. (106.) Constant, N. C. (218.) ' Covington, II. (164.) Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Coupee, Lou. (308.) Corydon, (167,) formerly the seat of government of the state of Indiana. Coopersport, P. (104.) Covington, P. (105.) Cote Saus dessein, Mo. (162.) Coeymans, N. Y. (83.) Coosa, Ala, (267.) Cox's, II. (185.) Coosa watch ie, S.'C. (290.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) Coosa R., Ala. (267.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.) Cotton port, Ala. (248.) Coshatta Village, Ark. (277.) Covington, G. (270.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.) Covington, Lou. (309.) Craftsbury, Vt. (37.) Covington, T. (225.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.) Covington, II. (164.) Crocket, N. C. (254.) CRO DELAWARE. 33 Croghanville, 0. (99.) Crooked Lake Canal, see N. York, (79.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) Croton, N. Y. (109.) Crown Point. N. Y. (60.) Crow Town, Ala. (249.) Crugers T., Md. (155.) Cuffey T., S. C. (271.) Culbreaths, S. C. 271.) Cumberland, Md. (154.) Cumberland, Va. (197.) Cumberland, R., K. (207.) Cumberland R., K. & T. (209.) Cumberland I., G. (318.) Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.) Cumberland and Oxford Canal, see Maine, (63.) Cunningham Id. O. (100.) Currituck Inlet, N. C. (219.) Curwinville, P. (104.) Cuthbert, G. (302.) D. Duguidsville, Va. (195.) Dalesville, Ala. (30.1.) Dallas, T. (229.) Damascus, O. (98.) Damascus, P. (107.) Dan Navigation, see Virginia, (215.) Danbury, C. (109.) Danbury, N. C. (215.) Danby, Vt. (61.) Dandridge, T. (231.) Danielsville, G. (251.) Danville, P. (132.) Dansville, N. Y. (79.) Danville, Vt. (37.) Danville, II. (121.) Danville, K. (190.) Danville, Va. (215.) Darlington, S. C. (255.) Darlington, C. H., S. C. (256.) Darien, G. (305.) Davidsonville, Ark. (204.) Davis, Va. (217.) Dayton, O. (148.) Decatur, II. (144.) Decatur, G (269.) Dedham, Mass. (85.) Defiance, O. (98.) Delaware, state of, (157,) is divided into three counties. Population, 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; Lat. 39° 44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General election, first Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, bien- nially. Constitution formed, 1792. Government. — Governor, term of office four years ; elected by the people; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of Representatives composed of twenty-one members. Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal; a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphans' court ; a court of oyer and terminer ; and some other minor courts. Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this state are level. In the northern part of New Castle county 34 DEL DETROIT. hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most remark- able features in the natural geography of the state, is the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and Delaware on the East. Rivers. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion Duck, Brandywine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, Nantikoke river which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay-Hook Islands. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buck- wheat, &c. Toions. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City, Milfoid, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c. Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware Canal from Delaware to Bohemia; length 13 63-100 miles. New Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road extends from New Castle to Frenchtown ; length 16 I9rl00 miles. A rail-road to ex- tend from Wilmington to Downingtown in Pennsylvania, and one from Wilmington through the centre of the state to its southern border, are proposed. Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) Delaware R., P. (134) Delphi, Ind. (122!) Pelaware Bay, N. J. (157.) Demopolis, Ala. (283.) Delaware, Va ; (198.) Demints, II. ( 1 65.) Delaware and Raritan Canal, Denton, Md- (1?8.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Denny ville, Me. (42.) Delaware and Raritun Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.) Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.) Detroit, Mich. (74.) This is the present capital of the state of Michigan. Its population is now (1839,) about 10,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The public buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, stale peni- tentiary, theatre, museum, &c. ROUTES FROM DETROIT. To Cincinnati, by Stage. Hardin, 31 136 R. Rouge, 6 Bellefontaine, 22 158 Brownstown, 10 16 West Liberty, 8 166 Monroe, 19 35 Urban a, 11 177 Perrysburg, 30 65 Springfield, 14 191 Finley, 40 105 Yellow Springs, 9 200 ROUTES FROM DETROIT. 35 Xenia, Waynesville^ Lebanon, Reading-, Cincinnati, 9 209 15 224 9 233 21 254 10 264 To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. Sandwich, Fighting Island, Grosse I. Amherstburg, Middle Sister, Bass I. Sanduskyj Cleveland, Fairport, Erie, Pa. Westfield, Dunkirk, Cattaraugus, Buffalo, 5 7 4 20 17 19 15 19 39 56 75 60 135 30 165 74 239 30 269 15 284 13 297 28 325 To Chicago, by Stage. R. Rouge, Ypsilanti, Jackson, Jonesville, Factory, Post O. St. Joseph's River, Edvvardsville, Calamic River, Chicago, 10 18 28 11 39 47 86 16 102 50 152 20 172 81 253 14 267 To Chicago, via Montcalm. Schwartzburg, 20 Dexter, 29 49 Montcalm, 25 74 Kalmazoo, 63 137 Mouth of St. Joseph, 47 184 Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 To Chicago, by Boat. Grants Pt. Horsons I. Cottrellvillej Palmer, Bunceville, Fort Gratiot, White Rock, Pt. au Barques, Thunder Island, Middle I. Presque I. Mackinaw^ Beaver I. Manitou I. Chicago* Steam 18 12 6 7 12 30 38 50 56 63 42 105 35 140 30 170 25 195 60 255 55 310 45 355 35 390 250 640 To Ft. Howard, Green Bay, by Steam Boat. Beaver I. as above, 355 I. Brule, 30 385 G. Traverse, 10 395 Chambers I. 25 420 Green I. 15 435 Fort Howard, 40 475 To Saginaw, by Stage. Pontiac, 24 Indian Vil. 35 59 Saginaw, 34 93 To Fort Gratiot, by Stage. Mt, Clemens, 20 Palmer, 26 46 Bunceville, 6 52 Ft. Gratiot, 7 59 Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) Dismal Swamp Canal. See Va. (218.) Dittos, Ala. (248.) Dixmont, Me. (40.) Dixon's F., II. (93.) 36 DOA EASTON. Doaks, Miss. (280.) Dobson,N. C. (214.) Doby Inlet, G. (305.) Doctortown, G. (305,) Dagsboro, D. (178.) Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.) Dorchester, S. C. (290.) Dorchester, L. C. (15.) Dover, N. H. (63.) Dover, capital of the state of Delaware, (157.) Dover, Va. (197.) Dover, T. (207.) Downing T., Pa. (133.) Doylestown, Pa. (133.) Drehr's Canal See S.C. (253.) Drummondton, Va. (199.) Dresden T. (206,) Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) Dublin, G. (288,) Duerville, N. Y. (36.) Duktsburg, P. (133.) Dumfries, Va. (176.) Dumfries, Ala. (298.) DundaiF, P. (107.) Dunkirk, Va. (197.) Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.) Dunn, Ala. (266.) Duplin, C. H.,N.C. (257.) D wight, Ark. T. (221.) Dyersburg, T. (225.) E. Eastport, Me. (42.) Earleysburg, Pa. (13 1 .) East Andover, Me. (39.) Easton, Pa. (133,) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of Northampton county, situated at the junction of the Lehigh with the Delaware, 56 miles N. of Philadelphia. It contains a court house, jail, academy and two banks, five churches, Lefayette college, academy, bridges over the Delaware and Lehigh, library, &c, with a population of about 4000. ROUTES FROM EASTON. To Mauch Chunk, by Canal. Bethlehem, Allentown, Berlin, Lehighton, Mauch Chunk, 5 11 14 4 12 17 28 42 46 To Bristol, by Penn. Canal. Raubsville, 5 Monroe, 6 11 Erwentown, 9 20 Lumberville, 9 29 New Hope, 6 35 Taylorsville, 8 43 Yardleyville, 3 46 Morrisville, Tullytown, Bristol, 4 50 5 55 5 60 To Jersey City, by Morris Canal. Hacket's, N. J. Dover, Boon ton, Paterson, Newark, Jersey City, 26 20 46 10 56 16 72 14 86 14 100 To Reading, by Stage. Bethlehem, 10 EAS EXE 37 Allentown, Trexlersville, Kutztown, Reading - , 6 16 8 24 9 33 17 50 To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. Wind Gap, 13 Stoddartsville, 27 40 Wilkesbarre, 18 58 To New York, by Stage. Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26 Morristown, 21 47 Newark, 19 66 New York, 10 76 Easton, Md. (178.) East Fork, Irid. (167.) Eaton, O. (148.) Eatonton, G. (270.) Ebenezer, G. (280.) Ebensburg, P. (130.) Edenton, N. C. (218.) Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) Edgefield, S. C. (272.) Edington, Me. (41.) Edinburg, G. (252.) Edisto R., S. C. (273.) Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.) Edwardsville, II. (164.) Eddy ville, K. (187.) Egnice, N. C. (215.) Elba,N. Y. (36.) Elberton, G. (252.) Elizabeth L, Mass. (112.) Elizabethtown, N.J. (134.) Elizabethtown, K. (189.) Elizabeth, Mo. (162.) Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) Elkton, T. (227.) Elkton, Md. (157.) Elkton, K. (207.) Elkhart Grove, II. (143.) To Philadelphia, by Stage. Ottsville, 17 Doylestown, 15 32 Willow Grove, 11 43 Philadelphia, 13 56 To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. Bloomsbury, N. J. 8 Flemmington, 19 27 Pennington, 16 43 Trenton, 8 51 Ellicott, Md. (156.) Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.) Ellis, N.C. (256.) Ellisville, Miss. (297.) Edisto I., S. C. (290.) Elms, S. C. (290.) Elmore, Vt. (37.) Elyria, O. (100.) Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) Elyton, Ala. (267.) Emporium, Pa. (104.) Enfield Canal, see Ct. (110.) Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.) Epels, S. C. (254.) Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.) Erie, Ala. (283.) Ernesttown,U.C.(33.) Erie, Pa. (76.) Errol, N. H. (38.) Essex, N. Y. (36.) Estelsviile, Va. (212.) Etowah, G. (250.) Etowah R., G. (250.) Euphrata, Pa. (132) Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) Evansville, Ind. (166.) Evansham, Va. (21-3.) Exeter, N. H. (86.) 38 FLORIDA. F. Fairfield, C. (109.) Farmville, Va. (196.) Fairfield, 11. (165.) Fayetteville, N. C. (236.) Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fayetteville, T. (228.) Fairfax, Va. (1 75.) Fayetteville, Ala. (266.) Fairfax, Va. ( 1 76.) Fayetteville, G. (269.) Fairhaven, O. ( 1 00.) Finley, O. (99.) Fairview,0.(127.) Fmcastle, Va. (195.) Falmouth, K. (169.) Fish house, N. Y. (59.) Falmouth, Mass. (1 12.) Fishkill, N. Y. (109.) Fannetsburg, Pa. (131.) Fisher's I., C. (110.) Farmington, Ct. (1 10.) Flat Rock, Pa. (153.) Farmington Canal., See Ct. Flemington, N. J. (134.) (108.) Flemingsburg, K. ( 1 70.) Farmington, Mo. (1 84.) Flint River, G. (302.) Farringtcn, II. (118.) Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 20 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 55,680 square miles. Government — The governor is appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent of the seriate : — salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500. The legislative council consists of twenty-seven members, elected annually by the people, on the second Monday in Octo- ber, and meets annually (at Tallahassee,) on the first Monday in October. Judiciary. — There are five judges, appointed by the Presi- dent and Senate — one for each of the five districts into which the territory is divided. The salary of the judges is $1800 per annum, each, except the judge of the Southern District, who receives $2,300 a year. Physical Structure.— The entire Territory of Florida, with the exception of a small portion west of the Appalachicola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. No elevation deserving the name of mountain, nor any hill exceeding 300 feet in height, is to be found. In the vicinity of Toloso, a limestone ridge occurs, merely sufficient to give motion to the waters. Natural bridges, common to limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. Proceeding southward, the ridge just mentioned becomes more depressed, until it reaches the source of the Oclawaha, where it disappears entirely, though si:nilar geological features may be traced several miles further 8-Uth. All below the 28° of N. lat. consists of flat lands, sub- FLO FRA. 39 ject to occasional, and a large portion of it, to constant sub- mersion. Rivers. — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Choctawhat- chie, Appalachicola, Oclackonnee, Suwannee, St. Mary's, With- lacooche, &c. Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. Andrews, Appalachee, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gallivans, and Chatham on, the Gulf. No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &,c, resemble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely expanded rivers, and cannot with propriety be called bays. Productions.— Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, Indian corn, &c, together with a great variety of garden vegetables. Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital ; Pensacola, St. Augustine, Alaqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monlicello, Jack- sonville, &c. Florida, F. (312.) Florida, Ala. (298.) Florence, Ala. (247.) Fords, Miss. (297.) Forsyth, G. (270.) Forlin, Lou. (309.) Fort Gratiot, Mich. (51.) Fort St. Mary, O. (124.) Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Recovery, O. (124.) Fort Portage, O. (99.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) Fort Dearborn, II. (95.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) Fort Erie, U. C. (77.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) Fort Early, G. (286.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.) Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.) Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) Fort Lawrence, G. (286.) Fort Minims, Ala. (299.) Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.) Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) Fort James, G. (304.) Fort Gaines, G. (301.) Fort Scott, G. (315.) Fort Barrington, G. (305.) Fort Boy er, Ala. (311.) Fort St Philip, Lou. (324.) Fowl, T. (314.) Francestown, N. H. (85.) Franconia, N. H. (38.) Franklin, Pa. (103.) Franklin, Va. (174.) Franklin, Ind. (147.) Franklin, K. (208.) Franklin, T. (228.) Franklin, N. C. (231.) Franklin, G. (269.) Franklin, Miss. (295.) Franklin, Lou. (322.) Frank! intown, Lou. (309.) Franklinville, G. (316.) Frankfort, II. (186.) 40 FRA GALENA. Frankfort, Ind. (122.) Frankfort, Va. (194.) Frankfort, capital of Ken- tucky, (169.) Franktown, Va. (199.) Fraser, N. G, (2i7.) Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) Fredericksburg, Va. (176.) Fredericktown, Md. (155.) Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) Fredericktown, O. (126.) Fredonia, N. Y. (77.) Fredonia, O. (167.) Freehold, N.J. (134.) Freeport, Pa. (129.) Freeport, Me. (63.) Frenchmans B., Me. (41.) French T., Miss. (311.) Friendsville, Pa. (106.) Fulsoms, Miss. (265.) Fryburg, Me. (62.) Foxboro, Mass. (85.) G. Gainsville, G. (251.) Galvezton, L. (309.) Galena, 11.(66.) Seat of justice of Jo Davies county, and the centre of an extensive lead region, in Illinois. Population about 2,000. ROUTES FROM GALENA. To St. Louis, by Steam Boat. Mississippi River, 4 Apple Creek, 14 18 Rush Creek, 8 26 Plum Creek, 10 36 Maradozia, 10 46 Fort Armstrong, 24 70 Copper Creek, 26 96 Fort Edwards, 100 196 Hannibal, 41 237 Louisiana, 25 262 Illinois River, 72 333 Missouri River, 17 351 St. Louis, 20 371 To Prairie du Chi en. N. boundary of II. Gallipolis, O. (171.) Gallatin, T. (208.) Gandysville, Va. (153.) Gap, N. H, (38.) Garland, Me. (40.) 17 L. Platte, Cr. Grant, Cr. Cassville, Prairie du Chien, 7 24 6 30 14 44 24 68 To Fort Winnebago, by land. Gratiot's Grove, 15 Dodgeville, 30 45 Moundville, 14 59 Fort Winnebago, 54 113 To Chicago, by land, 169 To Vandalia, by land. Rock River, 65 Peoria, 76 141 Springfield, 65 206 Vandalia, 55 261 Gasconade, Mo. (162.) Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) Gasaways, II. (186.) Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) Gatewoods, 11. (166.) GEORGIA. 41 Genereau, Mich. (49.) Georgetown, O. (170.) Geneseo, N. Y. *(79.) Georgetown, D. (178.) Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.) Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, G. (271.) Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, K. (169.) Georgetown, D. C. (176.) Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety- nine counties. Population, 516,567, including 217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital Milledgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, Lat. 32° 03' N., Lon. 4° 03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Legislature meet first Monday in November. Constitution formed, 1798. Government. — -The Governor is elected by the people, for two years ; salary $4,000. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the General Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday in November. One senator is elected for each county, and the number of representatives is in proportion to population, including three-fifths of all the people of colour ; but each county is entitled to at least one but not more than four. Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of which are elected by the legislature, for three years, and receive annually $2,100 each. The justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the people. Physical Structure. — Nearly two-thirds of the state, on the south-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of moun- tains. North-west of the great road leading from Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which con- tains the gold region, is suddenly terminated by the Blue Ridge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those of the Coosa, &.c. Rivers. — Coosa, Chattahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, Alatamaha, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogechee and Savannah. Productions. — Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, and fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold and some other minerals. Internal Improvements, consist of a Rail Road partly fin- ished, and in use from Savannah to Macon, length about 200 miles. One from Macon to Forsyth, now in progress, length 25 ; an extension of this road of 60 miles, to meet the 4* 42 GER GRE Western and Atlantic rail-road is contemplated. One from Decatur, in De Kalb county, to Chatanooga on the Tennessee, now progressing, length 120 miles. One from Augusta to Athens, Madison and Greensboro, respectively; 84 miles of this road, from Augusta to Greensboro, are now in use, and in a short time 20 miles more to Madison will be completed. This road will be extended from Greensboro, and united to the Western and Atlantic rail-road at Decatur. A rail-road; from Macon to Columbus, and thence to West Point, on the Chattahooche ; one from the head of steam-boat navigation of the Ocmulgee, to that of Flint river ; and one from Brunswick on the Atlantic coast, to a point in Florida not yet determined, are proposed. The canals are the Savannah and Ogechee canal, which commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee a short distance above the mouth of the Cannouchee. An extension of this work of 60 miles is proposed to the Alata- maha ; and one from Brunswick to the Alatamaha, length 12 miles. Towns. — Savannah, Milledgeville, Augusta, Darien, Macon, Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greensboro, Sparta, &c. Germantown, Pa. (133.) German town Va. (195.) Germantown, N. C. (238.) Germantown, N. C. (214.) Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (54.) Gibsonport, Miss. (295.) Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) Gilead, II. (142.) Gilford, N. H. (62.) Gilmantown, N. H. (62.) Gloucester, Mass. (86.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) Glasgow, K. (189. Golconda, II. (186.) Goldboro, Me. (41.) Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me. (63.) Goshen, N. Y. (108.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (21.) Grand Id., U. C. (33.) Grand R., Mich. (71.) Granger, O. (101.) Granville, Mass. (84.) Gratz, Pa. (132.) Gr. Egg Harbour, N. J. (158.) Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) Gr. Ogechee R., G. (285.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Greensburg, Pa. (129.) Greensburg, Ind. (147.) Greensburg, K. (189.) Grecnupsburg, K. (171.) Greenville, II. (164.) Greenville, Miss. (295.) Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville, O. (124.) GRE HAR 43 Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Mis. (295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Ind. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Greensville, Va. (213.) Greensville, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187.) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N. Y. (81.) Greencastle, Ind. (146.) Greencastle, P. (155.) Greenock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (294.) Guildhall, Vt. (38.) Guyandot, Va. (171.) H. Haddam, Con. (110.) Haddensville, Va. (196.) Hadley (south) Canal. See Massachusetts (84.) Hagerstown, Md. (155.) Halifax, P. (132.) Halifax, N.C. (217.) Hallowell, Me. (40.) Halls, N. C. (235.) Hamburg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, Pa. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O. (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Hamilton, Lou. (278.) Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton, N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) Hanbyville, Ala. (267.) Hancocks T., Md. (154.) Hannas,N.C. (235.) Hanover, N.H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (197.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (188.) Hardinsville, (226.) Hardwich, Mass. (84.) Hartford, Md. (156.) Hargroves, Ala. (267.) Harlaem canal, see N. Y. (135.) Harlaem Rail Road, see New York, (135.) Harleesville, S. C. (255.) Harmony, Me. (40.) Harmony, Pa. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) Harperfield, N. Y. (82.) Harpersfield, O. (101.) Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.) Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, Pa. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (225.) Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville, II, (163.) Harrodsburg, K. (190.) Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state ; popu- lation 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches, •II HARTFORD. IUHJTHH L'KOM IIAKTFOIil). I a (VffU I lit rr n, hi/ .SYii.'w . INI «• w 1 1 1 • ■ 1 1 »i i. Win lliuivlim, IMci iilrn, Walllngfbrdj Noilli I limn, New MllVill, 6 L9 is :ti 86 '/;. IViru iiivn rl in 1 1 1 , 7 98 Northftod, h 8J NOW llavrii, 10 II '/;» Boiton, by Stagtt I -1 1 1 1 !-• ton. Tollund, VV Llllngton, -\ ■ . 1 1 1 , > i « i , "homo ■•i»n, DlHI^'lllNH, IMcihIuii, !Mr,lu., N , Dover, Ivitiiiklvilf, Doilon, 7 12 "it II L9 !l I ' II I I I l!l B6 88 18 c > ■< i 83 95 106 110 'lh 1'inndnicr, hi/ Stnr;r. A -III, M.I, U ;lU>\r, Pomfrot, ll ti> Kill. ,.,.>, (j |S Providence, 98 71 '/;> \,tr l.i>n,ii>ti,h,/ St, ir.r. < llai itonbui \ , 7 Marlboro, 1 1 is < »olohoit< i , 8 96 NVw Salem, Cheiterfield, New Londoi)| 8 : 7 48 'l)> Spring/it Id, hi/ Wmir. Wni.l.oi, 7 Warohouia Pfc. 7 14 Enfield, i is Springfield, io 128 '/'a Wmri sin , hi/ $ltt!> r, Tolland, 8tuttbrd Spr. H Stafford Oh, 12 Slurbrldgo, 123 Charlton, 10 Worooiter, io 7b S,ilishui i/, hi/ Stnyr. I!) 97 99 59 69 712 Northington, i lanton, V\ Inited, Norfolk, iM. ( ianaan, Salisbury, 19 10 !) II 96 86 ll is To I itrhjicld, hi/ Stag*, Firmington, 10 Burlington, 9 19 ii.hu 'in ton, 7 96 Litohfleld, 8 84 7(» Ihinhury, hy Sluor. Farmington, Drlatol, 7 Plymouth, (» Watortown, 7 Woodbury, < i\c\\ (own, l. r > Danbury, u 10 17 123 so 37 59 ii a it ILL 45 Hartfbrd, K. (1880 Hogton, N. O,(fl370 Hartford, N. C, (218.) Hollldayiburg, Pa. (180.) Hartibrd, G. (287 I Hoimee, P, (814,) Harteville, T. (80s I Holmeeville, Mi« (908.) Harwiek, Man, (J 120 Holmeiville, <; (804.) Hauppage, N. v. (185.) Holeton, R,, V;.. (918.) Havana, a i.i. (246») Hooktet Oanal t aee N. Hanip Haverhill, N. n. (37.) ihiro, (82 I Havre Dc Grace, Md. (158.) Hoof Inn, N. O. (288.) Hay*boro,T. (208.) Hope, N.J, (184 ) Hyatt*, \,. ('. (17.) Uopetown, N. Y. (80.) Haali patch, i\. (191.) Hopkinton, N. V. (85 ) Helena, Ark, (244.) Hopkinton, N. n. ((J2 ) Hempatoad, N. y. (135.) Hopkinaville, K, (207.) Henderaon, I!. (118 ) Horn T., Va, (190.) Henderaon, IC (187 | Horne, N. O, (250.) H< ndt raon, N, O, (234.) Horry, G, (286 ) Hennepin, II. (93.) Hot Springe, Ark, (241.) Hi nry C. H., G (200 ) Howarda, I.C, (855.) Herculaneum, Mo, (103.) Hudeon, N. v. (63 ) Hcroford Inlet, n. .f. (158.) Hudton nnti. Delaware Canals Hi rkimer, n. v. (50.) ice New Kork, (1080 Hick*, ' ; (240 ) Hughaville, v.,. (914 ) Hickitown, F, f :tl fl.; Hulineburg, Pa, (103.) Hiekeford, v... (217.) Hunwe,'S, O, (974.) Hickory Hill, B.C. (280.) Hunteri rille, v*. (1780 Hii koi / T., Pa. (108.) Huntingdon, Pa, (130.) High Pt, U. C, (74.) Huntingdon, T. (900.) Hill, N. 0.(217.) Hunt*, N. ^.(70.) if. ii. Wcat, N.C.(80.) Huntaville, N.C, (914.) Hillaboro, Fnd. 'M.'i.j Huntaville, Ala. (948.) EJillttboro, O. rl4fJ.) Ilunlimilh: tJamd, mcu Alu Hillaboro, N. C. (215.) bam«« (948 ) Hillaboro, N. n. (102 , Huntaville, s. C, (958.) Hilton Head, 8, 0. (900.) Huaton, N. <:. (254.) Hindoetan, Ind, (107.) Huttonerille, v... (178.) [. iiiir,.,i -., itate '-f, (180,) Ii divided Into 82ootttitfe#i The population in 1830, waa 157,445, but ha* greatly ineffaeed aince, Area, 57,000 aquarc mile*. Capital and metropoHf, Vandalia, lai, 88° 5& N,,lcn, 11° W w. Springfield in Sangamon county, i* to be the teat of government in 1840, General election, finf. Monday in AhmmhI,, Inumnjlly. Ii«:j/i» 46 ILLINOIS. lature meets first Monday in December every second year. Date of constitution, 1818.. Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary $1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former are elected for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the first Monday in December. General election, first Monday in August, biennially. Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Im- prisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by the constitution. Physical Structure. — -The whole state is remarkably level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial change in the sur- face is perceptible ; the country is somewhat broken and undu- lating, but its level character is maintained throughout the whole. The "American Bottom" so called, celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left bank of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskaskia, nearly ninety miles. Prairies and barrens abound to a great extent in this state; probably one half of its surface consists of these natural meadows. Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskaskia, Ohio and Wabash. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, &c. Internal Improvements. — These with partial exceptions are merely prospective. An extensive system of improvements has been adopted by the state legislature, and several of the proposed works are in active progress, though but little, com- paratively, is yet in actual use. The following rail-roads are among the state works : — a rail-road from Cairo, at the conflu- ence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to the western terminus of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, passing through the towns of Vandalia, Shelby ville, Decatur, and Bloomington, and thence to Galena, Length about 435 miles. One from Alton to Mount Carmel, via Edwardsville, Carlisle, Salem and Albion; INDIANA. 47 length 145 miles. One from Edwardsville to Shawn eetown, via. Lebanon, Nashville, Frankfort, and Equality ; length 140 miles. One from Quincy, via. Columbus, M. Sterling, Marad- sia, Jacksonville, Springfield, Sydney, and Danville, to the state line ; length 225 miles. One from the Central R. R. to the state line in the direction of Terre Haute; length about 75 miles. One from Peoria, via. Canton, Macomb, Carthage, to Warsaw on the Missisippi; length 105 miles. One from Alton to the Central R. R. ; length about 75 miles. One from Belville, via. Lebanon, to intersect the Alton and Mt. Carmel R. R. ; length 22 miles. One from Bloomington to Mackinaw, with a branch to the Peoria and Warsaw R. R., and a branch to Pekin. The following rail-roads, undertaken by joint stock compa- nies, will probably be merged in and form parts of the state works : — From a point opposite to St. Louis to the coal mines at the Bluffs, 6 miles. From Jacksonville to Augusta, 22 miles. From Chicago to Dcs Plaines, 12 miles. From Naples to Jackson, 22 miles. The Illinois and Michigan Canal, from Chicago to Peru, via Juliet, Dresden, and Ottowa; length 100 miles. Towns. — Vandalia, Edwardsville, Belleville, Carrollton, Al- bion, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Springfield, Beardstown, Ottowa, Galena, and many others. Illinois R., II. (94.) Illinois R., Ark. (200.) Illinois Canxl. See II. (94.) Indiana, Pa. (129.) Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-eight counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 343,031. Area, 36,500 square miles. Capital, Indianapolis; metropolis, New Albany. Lat. 38° 19' N., long. 8° 44' W. Date of Constitution, 1816, General election, 1st Monday in August. Legislature meet, 1st Monday in December. Government. — The Governor is elected for three years ; salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is president of the senate, and receives three dullars per day during the ses- sion of the legislature. The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indiana, and is composed of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of representatives, whose members are elected annually. The number of the former is at present 30, and the latter 75. Pay of members of both houses is three dollars a day each. Judiciary.— The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the 48 INDIANA. general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of three judges, and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold their office for seven years, if not removed for improper conduct. The judges of the supreme court receive $1500 each per annum, and are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legislature, and the associates are elected by the people. There are nine presiding judges of circuit courts, who receive each a salary of $1000. Physical Structure, — The country along the Ohio, from the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, presents a broken and hilly appearance ; it is not, however, hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, commonly so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and in the north no moun- tains or hills of any magnitude exist. Rivers.—^ Ohio, Wabash, White Water, Laugherry, Silver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, &c, many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. Internal Improvements. — A wide range of improvements by canals and rail-roads has been commenced under the auspices of the legislature. Several of the most important works are now in course of construction. They embrace an aggregate of 840 miles of canals, and 90 miles of railroads. Included in this estimate, is the Wabasli and Erie Canal, 80 miles of which are now in use. The canals and rail-roads authorized by the state are as follows '.—^Wabash and Erie Canal, extending from the town of Lafayette on the Wabash, via Delphi, Logansport, Peru, Wabash, Huntingdon and Wayne, to the eastern boundary of the state, and is thence extended by the state of Ohio, to the outlet of the Maumee near the town of Toledo ; length from Lafayette to the Ohio boundary, 127 miles. Central Canal commences at a point on the Wabash and Erie Canal, between Wayne and Logansport, and passes along the valleys of Mississincwa and White Rivers, and through Indianapolis to Evansvilleon the Ohio; length 180 miles. White River Canal, from the intersection of White Water river with the National Road in Wayne county to Lawrence-- INDIANA. INDIANAPOLIS. 49 burg; length 76 miles. This canal is to be extended ultimately so as to unite with the Central Canal. Terre Haute and Eel River Canal, will unite the Wabash and Erie, and the Central Canals ; length 40 miles. Madison and Lafayette Rail Road. Length 160 miles, about 50 miles of this road, from Madison to Columbus, are now in use. New Albany and Crawfordsville Rail Road. Length 158 miles. A communication by canal or rail-road is proposed to connect the head of Lake Michigan with the Wabash and Erie Canal, and thus complete the connection between that lake and Lake Erie. Towns. — Indianapolis, the capital ; Vincennes, Lawrence- burg, Aurora, Vev;iy, Madison, JefFersonville, New Albany, Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Logansport, La- fayette, &c. &c. Indianapolis, (146.) ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. To New Albany i by Stage. Spencer, 24 54 Franklin, 20 Bloomfield, 23 77 Edinburg, 10 30 Vincennes, 45 122 Columbus, 12 42 Brownstown, 25 67 To Vandalia, 11. by Vallona, 3 70 Stage. Salem, 19 89 Belville, 20 Greenville, 24 113 Grcencastle R. 17 37 N. Albany, 9 122 Terrehaute, 33 70 (Thence to Louisville, K. Embarrass R. . 45 115 3 miles.) Ewington,- 25 140 To Cincinnati, b v Stare. Vandalia, 30 170 Rushville, 40 Somerset, 14 54 Brookeville, 11 65 Harrison, 17 82 Miami, 8 90 Cincinnati, 15 105 To Vincennes, by Stage. Port Royal, 16 Martinville* 14 30 To Covington, by Stage. Crawfordsville, 50 Covington, 29 79 To Wayne, by Stage. Connerstown, 17 Noblesville, 4 21 Strawtown, 7 28 Wayne, 83 111 50 IOWA TERRITORY. To Columbus, O. by Stage. Greenfield, Centreville, Richmond, Infield, N. C. (217.) tage. 14 64 6 70 Lewisburg, York, Springfield, Columbus, 17 87 16 103 26 129 43 172 Instantur, Pa. (104.) Iowa Territory, (117,) is divided into 20 counties. Popula- tion about 25,000, which is rapidly increasing. Area, 90,720 square miles. Capital and metropolis Burlington. N. Lat. 40° 52'. W. Long. 14° 4'. Organized as a Territory, July 4th 1838. Government. — The governor is appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the consent of the senate ; he is also superintendent of Indian affairs. Term of office three years. Salary $2500 per annum. Judiciary. — The judges (three in number) like the governor, are appointed by the President and Senate, for four years, and perform circuit duties. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in the gover- nor and assembly, which consists of a council of thirteen members, elected for two years, and a house of representatives of twenty-six members, elected annually. Pay of members $3 a day during the sessions of the legislative assembly. Land Offices, are established at Burlington and Dubuque. Physical Structure. — The vast extent, north and south, of this Territory, which occupies nearly nine degrees of latitude, must impart to it a great diversity of climate and soil. The southern, and especially that portion of the territory which borders on the Mississippi, consists of an undulating and fertile country, mostly prairie, but, along the streams, well supplied with timber. To this part of Iowa emigrants and others at present chiefly direct their steps. The population is, however, extending rapidly towards the west and north. Beyond the region just mentioned, the country becomes more broken and undulating, with an abundance of lakes, ponds and stagnant pools. The only elevation of any importance, yet discovered, is the famous " Coteau de Prairie," an elevated table land, which divides the waters of the Missouri on the west, from those running into the St. Peters and Red rivers on the east. Iowa is supposed to be entirely destitute of mountains, pro- perly so called. Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Des Moines, Iowa, Wabsipi- nicon, Moquockity, Turkey, Upper Iowa, St. Peters, branches IPS KENTUCKY. 51 of the Mississippi and James, Sioux, Nashnebatona and Nan- doway of the Missouri, and Red river, with its numerous branches, which discharges itself into Lake Winnipeg - . Productions.— Lead, coal (bituminous), iron, Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, &c. &c. Ipswich, Me. (86.) Irvine, K. (191.) Ithaca and Owego Rail Road. See N.York. Ischua, N. Y. (78.) Isle of Wight, Va. (218.) Jackson, Mich. (73.) Jackson, O. (150.) Jackson, Mo. ( 1 85.) Jackson, T. {226.) Jackson, capital of Miss. (280.) Jackson, Ala. (298.) Jacksonville, II. (142.) Jacksonville, G. (303.) Jacksonville, F. (318.) Jacksonburg, O. (148.) Jackson boro, G. (289.) Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.) Jacksonboro, T. (210.) Jaffrey, N. H. (84.) Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) James River Canals, see Virginia, (197.) James R., Va. (197.) Kalamazoo R., Mich. (71.) Kanawha Navigation, see Virginia, (172.) Kanawha R., Va. (172.) Kankakee R., Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia R., II. (144.) Kaskaskia, Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, II. (185.) Keene, N. H. (84.) J. James and Jackson R. Canal, see Va. (196.) James I., S. C. (219.) Jamesville, S. C. (273.) Jasper, T. (229.) Jay, Me. (39.) Jefferson, O. (102.) Jefferson, P. (103.) Jefferson, Mo. capital of the state, (161.) Jefferson, Va. (176.) Jefferson, N. C. (213.) Jefferson, Miss. (246.) Jefferson, G. (251.) Jefferson, G. (318.) Jeffersonville, Ind. (168.) Jeffersonville, Va. (193.) Jericho, N. Y. (81.) Jonesboro, II. (185.) K. Kempsville, Va. (218.) Kelleyvale, Vt. (37.) Kenjua, P. (103.) Kennard, G. (302.) Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) Kennebeck R., Me. (64.) Kennebunk, Me. (63.) Kent I., Md. (177.) Kentucky R., K. (191.) ' Kentucky, state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Po- pulation in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. Area, 52 KENTUCKY. 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville. Lat. 38° 18/ N. Long. 8° 46' W. General election first Mon- day in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. Government. — Governor's term of office, four years. Salary $2500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $6 per day, as presi- dent of the senate ; secretary of state, $1000 ; auditor, register, and treasurer, each $1,500. The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are chosen for 4 years ; those of the latter annually. The senate consists of 38 members; and the house of representatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $3 per day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a chief justice and two other judges; salary of each $2000. Circuit courts; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts for holding circuit courts. There is a judge for each circuit, who has jurisdiction of law cases over $50, and of chancery cases over £5, and holds three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary of the judges of the circuit courts is $1500 per annum. County courts are also held by three or more justices of the peace. Their jurisdiction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the decisions of single justices. Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this state borders upon the Allegheny ridge of mountains, some of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a considerable distance into it. That part of the state is consequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording landscape views of uncom- mon boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio river, and extend- ing from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the " Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of the state, through which they extend, a very rough appearance. They arc covered with lofty forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The allu- vial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the richest kind. Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, .) M'Connelstown, P, (154) M-Clair, Miss. (880.) ^A & MEMPHIS. 67 M'Intoshs, G. (286.) Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) M'Intoshs C. H., G. (305.) Medina, O. (100.) M'Daniels, Lou. (307.) Medway, Me. (85.) MeadvilJe, P. (102.) Meigsville, O. (151.) Memphis, Tenn. (224,) occupies the site of old Fort Picker- ing, on the left bank of the Mississippi ; situated on the great road from Nashville to Little Rock in Arkansas. Memphis ia advancing in commercial importance. Its present population is about 1500, which is rapidly augmenting in number. ROUTES FROM MEMPHIS. To New Orleans by Steamboat. Louisville, 42 573 Arkansas river 172 Vicksburg, 284 456 To Little Rock, Ark. Natchez, 103 559 Marion 10 St. Francisvilie, 139 698 St. Francis, 30 40 Baton Rouge, 34 732 Walnut Camp, 34 74 New Orleans, 131 863 Cache P. O. 19 93 Bayou Meteau, 54 147 To Louisville, by Steamboat. Little Rock, 12 159 Greenock, 12 Randolph, 30 42 To Nashville Fulton, 6 48 Summerville, 43 Little Prairie, 57 105 Bolivar, 24 67 New Madrid, 36 141 Jackson, 28 95 Columbus, 44 185 Huntingdon, 38 133 Mouth of Ohio, 17 202 Reynoldsburg, 29 162 America, 11 213 Charlotte, 39 201 Shawneetown, 108 321 Nashville, 39 240 Carthage, 19 340 Mt. Vernon, 12 332 To Florence, Al. Hendersonville, 22 374 Raleigh, 9 Evansville, 11 385 Summerville, 34 43 Owensberg, 35 420 Bolivar, 24 67 Rockport, 8 428 Purdy, 30 97 Stephensport, 53 481 Savannah, 16 113 Leavenworth 33 514 Florence, 50 163 Northampton, 17 531 | Meredith, N. Y. (82.) Metcalf boro, T. (229.) Mercer, P. (102.) Mexico, Mo. (162.) Mercersburg, P. (154.) Micanopy, F. (329.) Meridianviile, Ala. (248.) Miccoton, F. (316.) Merrittsville, S. C. (232.) OS MICHIGAN. Michigan, state of ^-V is divided into 40 counties. V lation in 1830,31,639. Area, 59,700 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Detroit, let t#° 80 N. long. 60° l W, Gen- ere] election, first Monday in October. Legislature meets, first Monday iu January. Constitution formed May 11th, 13 • r e governor Hilary $2000 end lieute arnor arc elected for twc yea rs. lue present fed lieutenant governor are to bold thftU offices until the 1st Monday in January, I83& S :.ie. — The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former for twc years, one half of them every year, and to S neatly as may be, of one-third of the number of ..lives, who art* chosen annually, and cannot be lej*s ore than 100. Donsists of a supreme court end sew courts as me legislature may establish. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor and senate years « circuit and probate w end these of iv. - ..ted by the people for a term S :cturt. — The southern part of tl - koryis ! .ntly undulating. The northern part is more Uong 1 . - tore of Huron there are, in pieces, very high blurts; and along the cast shore of 1 akc Michigan, are in many places, immense hills of pure send of from fifty to ' hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by the .. 5 -slant western winds, swe. - the lake . margin on its eastern - Rivers. — Maumee, Rastn, Huron, G W .-. ! 1 a. /'•. ':..-: ":.••:.< — Corn, w:\v.t, rye, buekw' ..'. vegetables, grov a ie great ubuu- . Freneluev • . B owl stown, IV- v • Arbour, Byton, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury-port, & ' e , Port SIk St Joseph, a e >• — Graft i Detroit : ■ v . fast st shore of l eke Michigan; 197 miles . » em am Detroit to Ann Arbour, 40 mi M ami Pvttuc Rail Road, 25 miles long MIC Mississippi. 69 Eric and Kalamazoo Rail Road, commences at Toledo in Lucas county, Ohio, and is completed from thence to Adrian 33 miles. Branch of Ditto to Havre, 13 miles. Southern Rail Road, from a point on the river Raisin, near Monroe, to New Buffalo, via Hillsdale, Mason, Ccntrevillc, Edwardsburg, &.c. ; length ahout 187 miles. Detroit and Shelby Rail Road, 23 miles long. Palmyra and Jackson Rail, Road, 46 miles long". River Raisin and Lake Erie Rail Road, 50 miles. Ypsilanli and Tecumseh Rail Road, 25 miles. A canal, about 18 miles long, connecting the waters of the Saginaw and Grand rivers; one from Mount Clemens to Sin- gapore, via Pontiac, Howell, Hastings, &c, about 220 miles in length ; and one designed to overcome the Falls of St. Mary, arc in course of execution. Michigan, Ind. (96.) Milford, P. (108.) Middle T., Mich. (71.) Millcdgevtlle, capital of Middle T., N. J. (134.) Geo. (270.) Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.) Middle T., O. (149.) Millgrove, S. C. (274.) Middle T., Pa. (132.) Milhaven, G. (289.) Middle T., K. (168.) Millheim, Pa. (131.) Middlctown, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.) Middletown, Con. (110.) Millvillc, N. J. (158.) Middlctown, Va. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.) Middletown, Pa. (128.) Milton, Vt. (36.) Middlebury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. II. (62.) Middicburn, Va. (152.) Milton, Pa. (106.) Middleboro, Mass. (112.) Mineral Point, Wis. (67.) Mifflin, Pa. (131.) Mines, lead, Mo. (184.) Mikasukie, F. (316.) Miram, Ind. (145.) 10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi It. (92.) Milford, D. (178.) Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 56 counties. Population, 1830, 136,621, including 65,659 slaves. Area 47,680 square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez. Lat. 31° 35' N., Long. 14° 33' E. General election, first Mon- day and Tuesday in November. Legislature meets, first Monday in January biennially. Constitution formed, 1817. Government. — The governor is elected for two years — salary $3,000 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, and auditor receives each $2,000 per annum, and the attorney- general. $1,000. 70 MISSISSIPPI. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, styled 77/e General Assembly cf the state of Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for three years, and the representatives annually. The number of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one-fourth nor more than one-third, as many as there are representatives. Judiciary. — High Court of Errors and Appeals, one chief, and two associate judges, salary of each $2,000 per annum. Superior Court of Chancery. Chancellor's salary $2,000. The circuit court consists of a chief justice and eight associate judges — the salary of each $2,000. The state is divided into nine districts, in which the judges of the supreme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts have original jurisdiction in cases where the sum in dispute exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction however, does not supersede that of the circuit court. Every organized county has a probate court, and a county court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of offences committed by slaves, &c. The judges hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years. Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this stale, except in cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his property from his creditors. Physical Structure.-^- Along the Mississippi river, at various distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 feet in height. The portions which are contiguous to the river, are called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, Grand-Gulf- blurl's, Natchez Bluffs, White Cliffs, and Loftus' Heights, &c. The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high, beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro- ductive. Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from south to north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, an extensive district of country, of various soils, but possessing much that is alluvial and fertile. The southern, middle and northern parts of this state, may be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous ravines and streams. MISSISSIPPI. — MISSOURI. 7 1 In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still is, it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, magnolia, sweet gum, ash, maple, yellow poplar ; cypress in the swampy alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &c. &c., with a great variety of underwood, grape-vines, paw-paw, spice wood, &c. Ritiers. — Mississippi, Yazoo^ Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha, Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, Pearl, Pascagoula, &c. Productions.—^ Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, f g, and fruits are abundant. Towns. -^Jackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington, Vicksburg, Warrenton, &c. Internal Improvement. — St. Francisville and Woodville Rail Road, 27 miles in length. Vicksburg and Clinton Rail Road, length 54 miles. JSalchez and Canton Rail Road, 150 miles. Jackson and Brandon Rail Road, 14 miles. Grand Gulf and Port Gibson Rail Road, 7 miles long. The New Orleans and Nashville Rail Road will pass through this state, Missisinewa, Ind. (123.) Missouri, state of, (115,) is divided into 62 counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 140,455, including 25,091 slaves. Area, 65,500 square miles; capital, Jefferson; metropolis, St. Louis; latitude 38° 37' north, longitude 13° 14' east. General election, first Monday in August, biennially ; legislature meet first Monday in November, every second year; constitution formed, 1820. Government. — Governor, term of office four years — salary $1500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of representa- tives. The members of the former body are elected for four years ; the members of the latter, for two years. Every county is entitled to one representative ; but the whole number can never exceed 100 members. The senators are chosen by districts. The constitutional number is not less than 14 nor more than 33. The elections for senators and representatives are held bien- nially ; and for governor and iieutenant-governor once in four years, on the first Monday in August. The legislature meets 72 MISSOURI. every second year (at the city of Jefferson,) on the first Mon day in November. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years. The supreme court consists of a presiding judge and two associate judges; the salary of each $1,100 per annum. There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The salary of each is 1,000 per annum. Physical Structure. — The surface of this state is greatly diversified. The alluvial bottoms are level. In the middle part rises a hilly region, extending from St. Genevieve south- westward into Arkansas, and is the commencement of the Ozark Mountains of that state. The northern part is undu- lating, but no where approaching what may, with propriety be called mountainous. Extensive prairies stretch out on the western and northern parts of this state. Even the St. Gene- vieve hills are marked with this character, and have the appearance, in places, of extensive uncultivated fields. The mine region, which lies about 70 miles south-west of St. Louis, is hilly, and a considerable portion of the state lying south of the Missouri and Osage rivers, is of the same character, and is in many places, marked with flint knobs of consi- derable elevation. The country between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers is delightfully undulating and variegated. The prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile. The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land. Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. Fran- cis, White, &c. Towns. — Jefferson, the capital, St. Louis, New Madrid, Perryville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Palmyra, Hannibal, Wyaconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Franklin, Boone- ville, Chariton, &c. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, tobacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. The forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, cypress, yel- low pine, cedar, &c. Internal Improvements. — Rail-roads are projected — From MISSOURI MOBILE. 73 St. Louis to Fayette ; from St. Louis to Bellevue and Mara- ttiec ; from Hannibal to Huntsville ; from St. Louis to Potosi ; and one from Louisiana in Pike county, to Columbia, in Boone county. Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.) Missouritoni (139.) Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county, has a population of about 4,000; several handsome churches, cathedral, &c. and is a place of considerable trade. ROUTES FROM MOBILE. To New Orleans. Dumfries, 15 62 Springhill, by stage, 6 St. Stephens, 31 93 Portersville, 24 30 Coffeeville, 18 111 (Thence to New Orleans Demopolis, 87 198 by steamboat and rail- Erie, 30 228 road, 123 miles.) Tuscaloosa, 57 285 To Montgomery, by Stage. To Montgomery, by Steam Taitsville, 35 Boat. Burnt Corn, 52 87 Tombeckbee R., 51 Fort Dale, 45 132 Fort Mimms, 8 59 Montgomery, 48 180 Claiborne, 45 104 = Black Bluff, 26 130 To Leakesville, by Stage. Canton, 50 180 Escatappa R. 28 Portland, 14 194 Chickasawhay R. 20 48 Cahawba, 22 216 Leakesville, 11 59 Selma, 15 231 Vernon, 44 275 To Tuscaloosa, by Stage. Washington, 16 291 Florida, 31 Montgomery, 10 301 Dumfries, 15 46 " St. Stephens, 24 70 To Pensacola, by Steam Clarksville, 14 84 Boat. Choctawcorner, 28 112 DogR., 10 Whitehall, 40 152 Fowl R., 6 16- Greensboro, 25 177 Fort Bowyer, 18 34 Tuscaloosa, 31 208 Perdido R., 30 64 — , — Barancas, 15 79 To Tuscaloosa, by Steam Pensacola, 10 89 Boat. Fort Stoddart, 47 74 MONTREAL. To Pensacola, by Stage, Sfc. Blakely, by Steam B. 11 Bellefontaine, by Stage, Pensacola, 26 37 37 74 Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.) Mobile Ft., Ala. (312.) Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) Monks Corner, N. C. (273.) Monroe, Mich. (99.) Monroe, 0.(100.) Monroe, G. (270.) Monroe, T, (209.) Montaug Pt., N. Y. (111.) Montcalm, Mich. (72.) Montezuma, N. Y. (57.) Montezuma, Ala. (300.) Montevalo, Ala. (267.) Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) Montgomery, T. (210.) Montgomery, Ala. (284.) Monticello,N. Y. (108.) Monticello, K. (210.) Monticello, G. (270.) Monticello, Miss. (296.) Monticello, Ala. (301.) Monticello, F. (316.) Montpelier, capital of Ver- mont, (37.) Montpelier, Ala. (312.) Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British America ; by the census of 1 825, it contained 24,787 inhabi- tants ; this number has greatly increased since that time, and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief objects of interest in and about Montreal, are "the mountain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, baths, &c, in St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nelson's monument, convents, seminary of St. Sulpice, and several churches, public walks, &c. (See map of Montreal.) ROUTES FROM MONTREAL. To Quebec, by Steam Boat, To Albany, by Steam Boat (the distances by land are and Stage. nearly the same.) La Prairie, by Stage, 8 St. Sulpice, by Stage, 27 ' St. Johns, 17 25 La Valtrie, 5 32 Isle au Noix, 9 34 La Norayc, 10 42 o Chazy, 15 49 William Henry, 11 53 W Plattsburg, 14 63 Three River, 43 96 S * S. Hero, 8 71 Gentilly, 14 110 cd -2 Burlington, 9 80 St. Anne, 15 125 m Essex, 15 95 Pt. aux Trembles, 38 163 Bason Harbor, 9 104 Quebec, 17 180 1 „ Crown Pt. 12 116 MONTREAL. 75 5 S Ticonderoga, 5 r Til Whitehall, 'Fort Ann, Sandy Hill, Fort Miller, Stillwater, Troy, I Albany, 14 130 23 153 14 167 9 176 11 187 18 205 14 219 6 225 To Boston, by Stage, via Burlington, Vt. St. Johns, 25 PhiJlipsburg, 23 48 St. Albans, 16 64 Milton, 13 77 Burlington, 12 89 Richmond, 14 103 Montpelier, 26 129 Chelsea, 24 153 Dartmouth Col. 25 178 Shaker's Vil, 11 189 Andover, 22 211 Concord, N. H. 24 235 Hookset Falls, 8 243 Londonderry, 19 262 Montrose, Pa. (107.) Morristown, N. J. (134.) Mooneys, Ark. (243.) Moore, N. C. (256.) Moorfield, O. (127.) Moorfields, Va. (153.) Moosehead lake, Me. (19.) Moscow, Mo. (162.) Moosetocmaguntic Lake, Me. (39.) Moundville, Mich. (44.) Mount Holly, N. J. (158.) Mount Joliet, II. (94.) M'Coy, Mich. (48.) Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.) Mt. Desert Id., Me. (41.) Mt. Maria, Fa. (107.) j Andover, Boston, 20 282 21 303 To the Falls of Niagara, by Steam Boat, Sfc. La Chine, Cascades, 16 Les Cedres 7 Coteau du Lac, 7 Lake St. Francis, 4 Head of ditto. 22 Cornwall, Long Saut I. Chrysler's Field, Hamilton, 6 10 17 1 18 8 24 31 38 42 64 70 80 97 98 116 Prescot, Elizabethtown, 14 130 Kingston, 48 178 Oswego, ' . 58 236 Coburg, 74 310 Port Hope, 36 346 Toronto, (York), 66 412 Niagara Vil. 30 442 Queenston, 7 449 Falls of Niagara, 6 455 Mt. Pleasant, K. (211.) Mt. Carmel, II. (166.) Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) Mt. Vernon, Me. (39.) Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) Mt. Vernon, II. (165.) Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.) Mt. Vernon, K. (190.) Moscow, Mo. (163.) Mullins Ford, G. (251.) Munfordsville, K. (189.) Monroe, Lou. (278). Munrows, N. C. (235.) Munsee T., In. (123.) Murfreesboro, T. (228.) Murcellas, G. (305.) 76 NASHVILLE* Murphy, N. C. (215.) Muskingum R., O. (127.) Miamisport, Ind. (123.) Miami R., O. (148.) Maysville, K. (170.) Maysville, Va. (196.) Morgan, N. C. (256.) Morganfield, K. (187.) Morgantown, Va. (152.) Morgantown, K. (188.) Morgantown, N. C. (233. Morganville, Va. (196.) Moulton, Ala. (247.) N. Natchitoches, Lou. (293.) Natural Bridge, Va. (195.) Natural Bridge Va. (212.) Natural Bridge, F. (314.) Nacogdoches, (292.) Nantucket, Mass. (112.) Nantucket I., Mass. (112.) Natches, Miss. (295.) Nashville, T. (2(8), the capital and most important town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remarkably beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public buildings are : a court-house, market-house, college, academy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churehes, penitentiary, water- works by which the city is supplied with water from the Cumberland, &c. ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE. To Florence, Ala. by Stage. Franklin, Columbia, Mt. Pleasant, Lawrenceburg, Florence, 23 11 22 41 18 41 52 74 115 To Memphis, by Stage. Charlotte, Reynoldsburg, Huntingdon, Jackson, Bolivar, Summerville, Memphis, 39 29 38 28 24 43 39 78 107 145 173 197 240 To Knoxville, by Stage. Lebanon, 28 Alexandria, 18 46 Liberty, 8 54 Sparta, 32 86 Crab Orchard, Kingston, Loveville, Knoxville, 38 154 20 144 23 167 14 181 To Hvntsville, by Stage. Nolensville, Gideonville, Farmington, Fayetteville, Hazel Green, Huntsville, 21 12 27 17 12 17 38 50 77 94 106 To Lexington, K. by Stage. Haysboro, 6 Franklin, K. 29 35 Bowlinggreen, 22 57 Monroe, 51 108 New Market, 31 139 Harrodsburg, 34 173 Lexington, 29 202 NEW 2VEW HAMPSHIRE. 77 To New Orleans \ by Steam l To Louisville, by Steam Boat. Boat. Hillsboro, 20 Ohio River, as above, 203 Clarkesville, 49 69 1 Rock Haven, 34 237 Palmyra, 6 75 Shawneetown, 27 264 Dover, 32 107 Carthage, 19 283 Eddyville, 55 162 Mt. Vernon, 12 295 Ohio River, 41 203 Hendersonville, 27 317 America, 47 250 Rockport, 54 371 Memphis, 225 475 Leavenworth, 86 457 Vicksburg, 456 931 Louisville, 59 516 Natchez, 103 1034 New Orleans, 304 1338 New Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road, see Delaware, (157.) New Jersey Rail Road, see New Jersey, (134.) Nash C. H., N. C. (236.) Nashua, N. H. (85.-) Nelson, K. (169.) Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.) Neuson, S. C. (255.) Neuse River, N. C. (236.) New Alexandria, Pa. (129.) Newark, O. (126.) Newark, N. J. (134.) New Berlin, Pa. (131.) New Berlin, N. Y. (81.) New Bedford, Mass. (112.) Newberne, N. C. (237.) Newberry, S. C. (253.) Newburn, Va. (194.) Newburg, N. Y. (108.) Newbaryport, Mass. (86.) Newbury port, Mich. (70.) New Castle, Pa. (102.) New Castle, Ind. (147.) New Castle, K. (168.) Newcastle, D. (157.) New Columbia, Miss. (297.) Newcomers, O. (127.) New Geneva, Pa. (153.) New Hampshire, (62,) is divided into eight counties. Popu- lation in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. long. 6° IP E. General election, second Wednesday in March. Legis- lature meet, first Wednesday in June. Constitution formed, 1792. Government.— Governor, salary $1,200. Five counsellors, all elected annually. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, the General Court. The members of both are elected annually by the people, on the second Wednesday in March. Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, salary $1,400 and two associate judges, $1,200 each. Court 7* 78 NEW HAMPSHIRE. of Common Pleas, consists of 16 justices, who act in conjunc- tion with the judges of the supreme court. Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central part of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional mountain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moosehillock, Monad- nuc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the state, a rugged and broken aspect. Rivers. — Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, Pis- cataqua, &c, Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Dover, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Claremont, Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock, provisions, &c. Internal Improvements. — Nashua and Lowell Rail Road, 15 miles long, to be extended to Concord, N. H. Concord Rail Road. Bow Canal, near Concord, around Bow falls, three quarters of a mile long. Hookset Canal, at the Hookset fall of Merrimac, 825 feet in length. Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeig in the Merrimac. Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Merrimac ; length, including pools, nine miles. Sewalls Falls Canal. New Haven, O. (100.) New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square in the centre of the town, stand the public buildings, state-house, Yale College, and several very handsome churches. The other places worthy of attention are, the observatory, museum, alms- house, and various factories, and the cemetery. ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN. To New York, by Stage Stamford, 9 44 Milford, 11 West Greenwich, 7 51 Stratford, 5 16 Rye, 4 55 Black Rock, 6 22 Mamaronec, 6 61 Southport, 5 27 West Chester, 8 69 Saugatuck, 4 31 New York, 15 84 Norwalk, 4 35 •■ ROUTES PROM NEW HAVEN. ")£ To New York, by Steam Southington, 6 22 Boat. Farmington, 11 33 Black Rock, 23 Northington, 7 40 Southpoit, 5 28 Simsbury, 7 47 Old well, 8 36 Granby, 5 52 Stamford Harb. 8 44 West Greenwich, 8 52 To Hartford, by Stage. New York, 35 87 North Haven, 5 Wallingford, 9 14 To Providence, by Steam Meriden, 4 18 Boat. Worthington, 6 24 Faulkner's Island, 16 Newington, 6 30 Connecticut R., 19 35 Hartford, 6 36 New London Harb. 14 49 . ,* — (Thence to N. London To Hartford, via Middle- 4 miles ) town. Point Judith, 35 84 Northford, 10 Newport, 14 98 Durham, 8 18 Pawtuxet, 20 118 Middletowh, 7 25 Providence, 5 123 Stepney, 8 33 Hartford, 8 41 To Danbury, by Stage. Derby, 10 To Newport, by Stage. Honsatonic Ferry, 3 13 Branford, 8 New Strafford, 4 17 Guilford, 10 18 Newton, 8 25 E.Guilford, 4 22 Danbury, 9 34 Westbrook, 9 31 Connecticut R., 6 37 To Granby, by Canal. New London, 17 54 East Plains, 6 Mystic, 8 62 Hamden, 2 8 Newport, 39 101 Cheshire, 8 16 New Hope, Pa. (134.) New Inlet, N. C. (239.) New Ipswich, N. H (85.) New Iberia, Lou. (322.) New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 17 counties. Population in 1830, 320,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 7,500 square miles. Capital, Trenton ; Metropolis, Newark, lat. 40° 44' N. long. 2° 45' E. General election, second Tues- day in October. Legislature meets, fourth Tuesday in Octo- ber. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote of the council and assembly ; salary, $2,000 per annum ; he is 80 ni:w JERSEY. president of the oouncil. The governor, in conjunction with the oounoili form a court of appeals, Legislature is composed of a Initiative council, consisting of I I memhers, mid gonerul assernoly > r ><> members ; the members of both houses' are elected annually. Judiciary, — Supreme 1 court, composed ofa chief justice, sal* iiiy $1900 per annum, and two associate judges, $1100 per annum eaohi The judges are appointed by the legislature; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for n v< - years. Physical Structure, — All that part of the state which lies south ofa lino extending from Bordentown to Amboy, is level, partly oomposed of sea sand, which is entirely destitute of vegetationi Immediately north of this line, an improvement hi the surface and general oharadter of (he soil becomes visible ; hills appear in rapid BueoessiOn, fbrming steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex counties. These, and tin; adjoining counties are muoh broken \>y the ridges of the Alio- gheny mountains, which intersect this part of the state, ranging in a direction from north-east to south-west. Riven, — Delaware, Hudson, Passaio, Raritan, Millstone, Efaokensaok, Sohencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, Mau- rice, Ranoocus, Musooneoung, Pawlings, Sac, Productions, —Wheat, rye, oorny buckwheat, &c Towns.-- Newark. Patersori, New Brunswiok, Trenton, Elizabethtown, Belvidere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, iMount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &o. Infernal linpiovrmruts — Delaware ami litirittm Canal, commenoes at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New Bruns* wick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder ~ I miles long 1 has been constructed along the east hank of the Delaware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Trenton. — Morris Canal, commences at Jersey City, opposite New York, and terminates on ihc Delaware at Phillipsbutg, opposite Easton. Length 101 miles. Salem Canal, extends from Salem creek to the Delaware. Length, fbnr miles. — Mamasouatn and Ihn- negat ('anal., (proposed), — Washington Canal, CUti off a con- siderable bend in Mannlapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to (he; Raritan river. Length, one mile. — Camden and Amboy Rail Road, commences at Camden, oppo- siie Philadelphia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length (il miles. — Paterson and Hudson Jiiiur Hail, Road, from Jersey city opposite New York, to Putcrson, on the Paasiuc. Length Ni:w ORLEANS. 81 1G 30*100 rnil<;. n if proposed to extend this road to iht Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commencef on the ln>i'rc/.vA. N<:w Jcr- iey and Hudson Rail Road, Delaware and Atlantic Rait Road. And the Morris and Eeeex, Burlington and Mi. Holly* Belvidere and Delaware, Camden and Mi. Holly Rail Road$ t ate proposed, and the necessary measure! have been taken to ensure their execution! Now Echota, a. (2490 London, ( 'on, (1 10.) Now London, Mo, (141.) New Lexington, Ind. a 68.) Now Lisbon, O. (128.) Now Lebanon, N.C, (218.) Now Milford,Con. (109.) Newmarket, "/a. (175.) Madrid, Mo. (205.) New Mexico, Miss. (27ft.) New Portland, M. (390 Now Richmond, 0.(1500 Orleans, L. (3240 4 - n ' : great commercial emporium of the Mississippi valley, wai founded in 1719, and has about 6*0,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest ore the cathedral in Chartres itreet, College iri St. Oloude street, Ursulino Con von t in L'rsulino hl.root, OrloariH thoatro, St. Anno street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, City HalL Condc itreet, churches, almi house, &c< Five miles below the centre of the city if the ground, rendered memorable by the battle of the 8thof January, 1815. ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. To lMui.Hr/dLc, by Steam lioal. Arnaads Point, Red Church, DcHtrotohons I't. Bonnet Q. Bend, B. Quarre Church, Cantrelf \><>. Hampt Donaldson ville, St.. Gabi iels, Plaquemine, Baton Rouge, Thomas Pt. Thompson*! Cr. 9 12 2 5 19 8 24 6 18 JJ 13 22 34 36 41 60 68 73 78 i 02 108 126 1 37 12 149 St. FrancisrUle and i't. Coupee, jo 159 Tunica, 27 186 Red Itivor, 22 208 Fort Adams, 9 217 Homocbitto R. 10 227 White Cliffs, 27 2. r >4 Natchez, J7 271 Coles Crook, 22 2!;.** Rodney, 19 'M-i Broinsburg, 4 316 Grand Gulf*, and ln> Blacb River, 14 890 Pt. Pleasant, 10 340 Palmyra. n :i 5 :^ 82 ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. Warrenton, 14 367 To St. Louis, by Steam Boat. Vicksburg, 10 377 Mouth of Ohio, as above, 991 Yazoo River, 12 389 Tyawappita B. 29 950 Tompkins, 32 421 Cape Girardeau, 13 963 Providence, 26 447 Bainbridge, 9 972 Princeton, 8 455 Muddy R. 13 985 Old River, 48 503 Kaskaskia R. 31 1016 Pt. Chicot, 12 515 St. Genevieve, 17 1033 Arkansas River, 59 574 Chartier I. 11 1044 White R. 9 583 Herculaneum, 19 1063 Helena, 60 643 Maramec R. 11 1074 St. Francis I. 14 657 Carondelet, 12 1086 35° N. Lat. 48 705 St. Louis. 6 1090 Noncona R. 10 715 Memphis, 4 719 To Balize and Gulf of Mexico, Greenock, 12 731 by Steam Boat. 3rd Chickasaw Bluff, 18 749 Battle Ground, 5 Randolph, 12 761 English Turn, 6 11 Fulton, 6 767 Fort St. Leon, 5 16 Plum Pt. 11 778 Poverty Pt. 18 34 Needhams Cut-off, 26 804 Grand Prairie, 27 61 Little Prairie, 20 824 Fort St. Philip, 9 70 Riddle's Pt 23 847 S. W. Pass, 9 79 New Madrid, 13 860 South Pass, 2 81 Mills Pt. 28 888 Pass a* Loutre, 2 83 Columbus, 16 904 Balize, 4 87 Mouth of Ohio, 17 921 Gulf, 5 92 America, 11 932 Tennessee R. 36 968 To Natchitoches , by Steam Cumberland R. 11 979 Boat. Rock Cave, 41 1020 Red River, as above, 208 Shawneetown, 20 1040 Ouachita, 36 244 Carthage, 19 1059 Bayou Saline, 20 264 Mt. Vernon, 12 1071 Alexandria, 54 318 Hendersonville, 22 1093 Bayou Cane, 60 378 Evansville, 11 1104 Natchitoches, 24 402 Owensburg, 35 1139 Rockport, " 8 1147 To Little Rock, by Steam Stephensport, 53 1200 Boat. Leavenworth, 33 1233 Arkansas R. as above, 574 Northampton, 17 1250 Arkansas, 27 601 Louisville, 42 1292 Harrington's, 43 644 (For continuation to Cin- Vaugines, 23 667 cinnati, Pittsburg &c. Little Rock, 81 748 See "Louisville." ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 83 To Mobile, by Steam Boat and Stage. L. Ponchartrain, by Rail Road, 'Pt. Aux Herbes, 15 GG Ft. Coquilles, L. Borgne, Grand Island, St. Joseph's Isl. g <{ W. Marianne, E. Marianne, Cat Island, Deer Island, Krebsville Har. ^Portersville, Mobile, by stage, 7 11 9 4 6 5 10 17 5 20 27 38 47 51 57 62 72 89 18 107 16 123 30 153 To St. Stephens, by Stage. Madisonville, 32 Jacksonville, 40 72 Leakesville, 66 138 Chickasawhay R. 17 155 St. Stephens, 24 179 To Natchez. Madisonville, by St. Bt. 32 Liberty, by Stage, 69 101 Natchez, " " 50 151 New Orleans and Lake Pont- chartrain Canal, see Lou- isiana, (309.) New Orleans and Pontchar- train Rail Road, See Lou- isiana, (309.) New Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) Newport, N. H. (61.) Newport, Ind. (145.) Newport, R. 1.(111.) To Berwick's Bay, and thence to Opelousas. Donaldsonville, 78 Veret Canal, 14 92 S. end Canal, 7 99 Lake Palourde, 13 112 Berwick's Bay, 10 122 Franklin, 21 143 Fausse Pt. 27 170 St. Martinsville, S 178 Opelousas, 36 214 To Nashville, by Stage, via Florence, Ala. L. Pontcbartrain, 5 Madisonville, 27 32 Covington, 7 39 Jacksonville, 33 72 Columbia, ' 30 102 Ellisville, 48 150 Old Church, 47 197 Koomsha, 45 242 Columbus, 68 310 Pikeville, 64 374 Russelville, 30 404 Florence, 22 426 Lawrenceburg, 41 467 Mt. Pleasant, 22 489 Columbia, 11 500 Franklin, 23 523 Nashville, 18 541 Newport, Mo. (162.) Newport, O. (151.) Newport, T. (231.) N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) Newtown, Mich. (48.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.) Newtown, N. J. (108.) Newtown, II. (143.) Newville, Pa. (131.) New York, Va. (175.) 84 NEW YORK. New York, state of, (78,) is divided into 56 counties. Popu- lation in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 49,000 square miles. Capital, Albany ; metropolis, New York; lat. 40° 43' N., long. 2° 55' E. : general election at such time in October or November, as the legislature may provide. Legis- ture meet, first Tuesday in January ; Constitution formed, 1821. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay, $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate consisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one-fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives, consists of 128 members, elected annually. Pay, $3 a day. Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $2,500 per annum ; register, &,c. The eight circuit judges are vice- chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — chief justice, $2,500 a year, and two associate judges, each 2,500 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight judges, salary of each, $1,600. Supreme court of the city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is greatly diversified : the Allegheny mountains pass through this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There arc mountains of great elevation west of lake Champiain, some of which are 3000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undu- lating, being entirely destitute of such mountains as mark its eastern section. Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Sus- quehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Osvvegatchie, Raquctte, Saranac, &c. Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several kinds of grasses, vegetables and fruit. Iron is found in great abundance, gypsum, limestone, marble, slale, and lead occur in many places. in the centre of the state, salt is made in im- mense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well known, the chief of which, those at Saratoga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. NEW YORK. 85 Cities and Towns. — New York, (city) 5 Albany, the capital, Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hudson, New- burg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a large number of incorporated villages, and others not incorporated, having names different from their respective townships. Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to Buf- falo, length, 363 miles. Navigable feeder, 8 miles. — Cham- plain Canal, from the Erie Canal to Whitehall, length inclu- ding feeders and river navigation, 79 miles. — Hudson and Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, length, 82£ miles. — Oswego Canal, from Salina to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, length 21 miles.— Chemung Canal, from Elmyra to Seneca lake, 23 miles; feeder 16 miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from Penyan to Seneca lake, 8 miles. — Tonnawanta Canal, from the Erie Canal, near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. Harlaem Canal, on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East River, length 1 J miles. Chenanga Canal, from Binghamton to Erie Canal length 97 miles. — -Black River Canal, from Rome to the falls of Black river, 35 miles, and feeders 11 miles. — Sodus Canal, from Sodus Bay to Seneca river. Genesee Valley Canal, 107, and feeders 15 miles. Rail-Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail-Road, from Albany to Schenectady, 15 miles. — Schenectady and Saratoga Rail- Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 21 ^ miles. — Catskill and Canajoharie Rail-Road, from Catskill to Canajo- harie (now in progress,) 70 miles. — Ithaca and Owego Rail- Road,^ miles. — Harlaem Rail-Road, on Manhattan Island, 5 miles. — Rochester Rail- Road, (now in progress,) from Roches- ter to a point below the falls of Genesee 3 miles. — Schenectady and Utica Rail-Road, length 78 miles. — Bath Rail-Road, from Bath to Crooked lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail- Road, (in progress) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballston Rail-Road, 24^ miles. — Brooklyn and Jamaica Rail-Road, 12 miles. — Buffalo and Black Rock Rail-Road, 3 miles. — Buffalo and Niagara Falls Rail-Road, 23 miles. — Lockport and Niagara Falls Rail-Road, 20 miles. — Hudson and Stockbridge Rail- Road. Several other rail-roads are proposed in various parts of the state, portions of some are now in use. New York city, (134.) The commercial emporium of the United States, and metropolis of the state of New York,, is 8 86 NEW YORK. situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Man- hattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaem, York- ville, and some other villages, is under the jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York. The city, together with the suburbs just mentioned, contained in 1830, upwards of 30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at this time (1839) may be estimated at 288,000. The densely settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet or ten miles, nearly. Its principal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail business is transacted, Greenwich street, Pearl street, Broad, Wall and Chatham streets, the Bowery, Maiden-Lane, &c. &c. , The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city hall, in the park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, college, hospital, Clinton hall, in Broadway ; battery, castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms-house, three the- atres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy of Design, masonic hall, in Broadway, house of refuge, or- phan's asylum, lunatic asylum, besides many others, and about 100 churches, some of which are very splendid and capacious. The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United States. ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. To Albany, by Steam Boat. Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 29 Fort Ganeswort, 2 Sparta &. State Prison, 3 32 Hamilton's Monument, 2 4 Tellers Point, 2 34 Manhattanville, 3 7 Haver straw & Croton, 1 35 Fort Lee, 3 10 Stony Point, 3 38 Spuyten Duyvel Cr. 2 12 Verplank's Point, 1 39 Phillipsburg, 4 16 Peekskill, 2 41 Dobb's Ferry, 6 22 St. Anthony's nose, 2 43 Tappan Landing, 3 25 Fort Clinton, 1 44 Tarry town, 1 26 West Point, 7 51 * Since the first edition of this and 470 other huildings, have been work was issued, the Exchange, destroyed by fire. Port Canes ty fe N * 1 Mil AuH^ | -Ui U ......'y/ v :vXCs-\V J ^_ -#fw4^ GOVEEKOTtS IV 4 & ^ rfN^uUuH T|^/^\)jJJi -- ; ( 2 134 Castleton, 1 135 Albany, 10 145 For routes from Albany, see article " Albany." The stage route from N. York to Albany, does not differ materially from the above. To Boston, by Steam Boat. Newtown Creek, 4 Hell Gate, 5 9 Flushing Bay, 4 13 Throgs Point, Cow Neck, New Rochelle L. West Greenwich, Stamford, Old well, Southport, Black rock, Stratford Point, New Haven harb., 3 16 2 18 6 24 11 35 8 43 8 51 8 59 5 64 7 71 12 83 (Thence to N. Haven, 4 miles.) Falkner's Is. 12 95 Hammonasset Pt., 8 103 Connecticut River, 11 114 New London harb., 14 128 (Thence to N. London, 4 miles,) Fishers Is. 5 133 Point Judith, 30 163 Beaver Tail, (Narragan- setbay,) 9 172 Newport, 5 177 Bristol Harb., 10 187 Pawtuxet, 10 197 Providence, 5 202 Boston, by land, 43 245 QD To Philadephia, via Amboy, fyc. f Castle Williams, Bedlow's Is. Kills, Ryers Ferry, c ^ Newark bay, Elizabethtown pt Rahway River, Perth Amboy, t South Amboy, . C Spotswood, «j | West's, *? -{ Rocky Brook, 'IS J Centreville, P3 ^ Bordentown, South 1 2 5 7 8 12 16 25 27 36 4 40 8 48 4 52 9 61 88 NEW ' STORK. f Bristol, 10 71 Kingston, 13 47 B3 J Buriington, 1 72 Princeton, 3 50 ^ j Point no point, L Philadelphia, 14 86 Trenton, 10 60 5 91 Bristol, 11 71 Holmsburg, 11 82 To Philadelphia by Rail Road Frankford, 4 86 via Trenton. Philadelphia, 5 91 Jersey City, 1 Hackensack river, 4 5 To Easton, Pa. by Stage. .Newark, 5 10 Newark, 10 Bound Brook, 3 13 Morristown, 19 29 Elizabeth town, 3 16 Chester, 13 42 Rahway, 3 19 Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50 Matauchin, 6 25 Mansfield, 11 61 New Brunswick, 5 30 Easton, 15 76 Sand Hills, 9 39 Williamsburg-, 7 46 To Ithaca, N. Y. Clarks, 3 49 Newark, 10 Trenton, 8 57 Pompton, 21 3t Tyburn, 3 60 SnufFtown, 12 43 Tullytown, 3 63 Deckertown, 12 55 Bristol, 4 67 Milford, 17 72 Dunksville, 4 71 Wilsonville, 24 96 Pennepack Cr. 4 75 Rixes Gap, Pa. 15 111 Frankford, 4 79 Montrose, 34 145 R. R. Depot, 43 ^4 83| o£ S Owego, c^ ( Ithaca, 32 177 State H. Phila. 2 85| 30 207 To Philadelphia, via New To New Haven Con., by Brunswick, Sf m Stage. Perth Amboy, S. Bt. 25 West Chester, 15 New Brunswick, " 12 37 Mamaronec, 8 23 o I Kingston, 14 51 Rye, 6 29 §° < Princeton, 3 54 West Greenwich, 2 31 at f Trenton, 10 64 Stamford, 7 38 ^ S Bordentown, 02 f Philadelphia, 6 70 Norwalk, 9 47 30 100 Saugatuck, 4 51 Southport, 4 55 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Fairfield, 3 58 Newark, 10 Bridgeport, 4 62 Elizabethtown, 6 16 Stamford, 4 66 Rah way, 5 21 Milford, 5 71 New Brunswick, 13 34 New Haven, 11 82 NIAGARA. 89 To Montauk Pt., by Stage, i Morriches, 10 68 Jamaica, 11 ! Quag, 9 77 Dix Hills, 18 29 S. Hampton, 14 91 Smithtown, 11 40 B.Hampton, 7 98 Carman, 18 58 Montauk Pt. 23 121 Niagara, U. C. (54.) Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and unequalled work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters from the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cataract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls themselves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice. The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its troubled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the great falls, when viewed in connexion with the rapids above. The high grounds in the rear of Forsyth's hotel, affords such a view. In addition to the falls, there are several interesting objects in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet of Chippewa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer's cave just below the falls; mineral spring \ mile below; the battle fields of Chip- pewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's monument, Welland canal, and the villages of Chippewa, Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora indians, &c. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. To Montreal, via Lake Onta- rio, by Steam Boat. Sfc. Queenston, 6 Niagara Vil., 7 13 Toronto, (York,) 30 43 Port Hope, 66 109 Coburg, 36 145 8* Oswego, 74 219 Duck's Island, 23 242 Kingston, 35 277 Elizabeth town, 48 325 Prescot, 14 339 Hamilton, 18 357 Long Saut I., 18 375 90 NIC NOR Cornwall, 10 385 Lake St. Francis, 6 391 Foot of do. 22 413 Coteau du Lac, 4 417 Les Cedres, 7 424 Cascades, 7 431 La Chine, 16 447 Montreal, 8 455 To Lockport, by Rail Road. Cayuga Cr. 11 Cambria, 3 14 Lockport, 6 20 To Rochester, by Stage. Lewistown, 7 Cambria, 15 22 Hartland, 11 33 Oak Orchard, 14 47 Gainesville, Clarkson, Parma, Rochester, 7 54 16 69 7 76 11 87 To Buffalo, by Stage, Canada side. Chippawa, 2 Waterloo, 15 17 Black rock, 1 18 Buffalo, 1 19 To Buffalo Am. side by Rail Road. Schlosser, 2 Tonnewanta, 11 13 Black Rock, 9 22 Buffalo, 1 23 Nicholasburg, Pa. (129.) Nicholasville, K. (190.) Nickojack, G. (249.) Noblesboro, Pa. (128.) Noblesville, Ind. (123.) Norfolk, Va. (218.) Norridgewock, Me. (40.) Norristown, Pa. (133.) Northampton, Mass. (84.) Northampton, C. H., Va. (199.) Norfield, Mass. (84.) Northwood, N. H. (62.) North West Canal, see N. Carolina, (218.) Northumberland, Pa. (132.) North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 counties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves. Area, 49,500 square miles ; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, Newburn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General election, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776, amended, 1835. Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary $2,000 ; is chosen by the qualified voters biennially ; is not eligible more than four years in any term of six years. Secre- tary of state, salary, $800 and fees. Treasurer $1500 per annum : and council of state, who are to continue in office two years. Legislature, — consists of a senate composed of 50 members, and a house of commons, of 120 members; all chosen bienni- ally ; meet every two years. Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per NORTH CAROLINA. 91 annum. Circuit Court consists of seven judges. AH the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected by the people. Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find immense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp and other alluvious matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the Atlantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &cc. Riters. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Famplico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad, &c. Productions — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. Towns. — Raleigh, the capital; Newborn, Salisbury, Wil- mington, Fayetteviile, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, Halifax, Alilton, «£c, Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Vir- ginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the preceding, extends from lake Drummond to the summit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West Canal, connects 2N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke, above the towns of Welden and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal, extends from the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Harlow creek, near Beaufort, length lg miles. The navigation of the Roanoke from tbe Weldon Canal, to the town of Salem in Tirsrinia, a distance of 232 miles. The Cape Fear, the Yadkin, tne Tar, Xew and Catawba rivers have been greatly improved by joint stock compart =. The Rail Roads are, — One from Raleigh to Gaston on the Roanoke 56 miles in length. One from Weldon on the Roanoke to Wilmington on Cape Fear river, length 170 miles. The proposed Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Rail Road, will pass through the western part of this state. Several other rail-roads, are proposed, and surveys for some have been made. 92 OHIO. (For an account of the Rail-road extending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respectively, see Virginia.) Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.) Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.) Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) O. Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.) Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.) Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) Oeklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.) Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 76 counties; population in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capital, Co. lumbus; metropolis, Cincinnati, in lat. 39° 06' N. long. 7° 31' W. General election second Tuesday in October. Legis- lature meets first Monday in December. Constitution formed in 1802. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $1,500; secretary of state; treasurer, and auditor. Senate ^consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of represen- tatives consists of 72 members, elected annually. Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges — salary, $1,500 each. Courts of Com- mon Pleas. The state is divided into 12 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1,200; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during their attendance at court, All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for the term of seven years. The supreme court sits once a year in each county, and the court of common pleas three times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first degree. There is no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraudulent withholding of property. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of ohio. 93 the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous aspect. The western half of the state is in general remarkably level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to assume a very monotonous appearance. The central parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake Erie, may be compared, as regards level character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lancaster by the main turnpike road. Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hock- hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abundance. Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phila- delphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chillicothe, Circlesville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairville, Hillsboro, Ra- venna, Athens, and many others. Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends from Portsmouth on the Ohio river, to Cleveland on Lake Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton, 68 miles ; the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in progress; entire length when completed, 268 miles. Sandy and Heaver Canal, unites the Ohio Canal with the Pennsylvania Canal. Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, 89 miles. Columbus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal to Lancaster, 9 mile3 ; and the Zanesville Canal, from the same to Zanesville, 14 miles. Wabash and Erie Canal, an extension of the Indiana Canal, which intersects the Miami Canal at Defiance. Chippe- way Canal. Billeville and Bolivar Canal. Franklin and Nevj Lisbon Canal. Walhonding Canal, 28 miles. Warren county Canal. Though a vast number of rail-roads are proposed in this state, but little progress has yet been made towards their exe- cution. Portions of the Sandusky City and Monroeville Rail Road, and Mad River and Lake Erie Rail Road, are completed and in use. The legislature, at its session in 1837, incorporated eleven Rail-road Companies, which with those previously incorporated, make upwards of fifty, for the construction of as many rail-roads in various parts of the state, Some of these 94 OHI PEE projects have been abandoned and others suspended, owing to the pecuniary difficulties of the times. Others however, are progressing and will speedily be completed. Ohio and Erie Canal, see Ohio, (171.) Old Agency, Miss. (282.) Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) Onslow, N. C. (257.) Onslow Bay, N. C. (257.) Opelousas, Lou. (307.) Opilacloy, F. (329.) Orange, C. H., Va. (175.) Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) Orwigsburg, Pa. (132.) Osage, Mo. (162.) Osbom, Va. (197.) Ossipee, N. H. (62.) Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) Oswego, N. Y. (57.) Painesville, O. (101.) Painesville, Va. (196.) Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) Palatine, N. Y. (59.) Palestine, II. (] 45.) Palestine, Ind. (167.) Palermo, Me. (40.) Pallachuchee, Ala. (285.) Palmyra, Me. (40.) Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) Palmyra, Mo. (141.) Palmyra, Miss. (279.) Paoli, Ind. (167.) Pamlico Sound, N. C. (238.) Pamlico R., N. C. (238.) Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) Paris, K. (169.) Paris, Me. (39.) Paris, T. (206.) Parkman, O. (101.) Parker, N. C. (218.) Parkers, S. C. (210.) Oswego Canal, see N. Y. (57.) Ottawa, U. (94.) Ottawa, or Grand R., L. C. (13.) Ottsville, Pa. (133.) Ovid, II. (185.) Ovid, N. Y. (80.) Owego, N. Y. (SO.) Owenton, K. (169.) Owenboro, K. (187.) Owingsville, K. (170.) Oxford, N. H. (61.) Oxford, N. Y. (81.) Oxford, II. (166.) Oxford, N. C. (216.) Oyster Bay, N. Y. (135.) P. Parkers, Miss. (264.) Parkersburg, Va. (151.) Parrishville, N. Y^ (35.) Parry ville, II. (164.) Parrots, S. C. (254.) Parsonfield, Me. (63.) Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.) Pascagoola Bay, Miss. (311.) Pass Marian, Lou. (311.) Pater son and Hudson River R. Road, see N. J. (134.) Patterson, N. Y. (109.) Paterson, N. J. (134.) Patesville, K. (188.) Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) Patton, N. C. (236.) Pawtucket Canal, see Mass. (85.) Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pearl R., Miss. (296.) Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Peedee R., S. C. (255.) PENNSYLVANIA. 95 Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Penobscot R., Me. (20.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.) Pembroke, Mass. (86.) Pensacola, F. (312.) Pemmaquid Pt., Me. (64.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) Pennsboro, Pa. (106.) Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 54 counties. Population in 1830, 1,347,672, including 3S6 slaves. Area, 47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg ; metropolis, Phila- delphia, in N. lat. 39° 57 E. long. 1° 47'. General election, second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in January. Constitution formed, 1790. Amended, 1838. (rOtfernrnent-'— Governor, term of office three years, salary $4,000 ; ineligible after an official term of nine years ; secretary of state; treasurer; auditor-general; surveyor-general; and attorney-general. Legislature. — Senate, members elected for three years, — * one-third chosen annually. House of Representatives, mem- bers elecled annually. Judiciary — There is a supreme court, consisting of a chief justice and four associate judges, appointed by the governor and senate for a term of 15 years. This court holds its sessions in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each county. The judges of the supreme court receive a salary of §2,000 per annum; the judges of the common pleas, 81,600 ; and the associates, 8200. The latter hold their offices for five years. Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass obli- quely across the central part of the state, ranging, generally, from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which con- stitute the system here are known by local names, differing in many cases, from those generally adopted by writers on geo- graphy. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively, the following ridges : Mine Hill ; South Mountain ; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill ; Tussey's Mountain ; Dunning's Mountain ; Will's Mountain ; Allegheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The Allegheny is by far the most elevated among the group ; it is here that the waters which run east- ward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than 96 PENNSYLVANIA. mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridge ; the valleys as well as the ridges, becoming more and more elevat- ed, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet; the mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water. Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in the Delaware and Susquehannah, there is none within the borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna are, Duncan's island, at the mouth of the Juniata ; Hill island, near Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Pettys, Biles, &c. Lakes. — Erie, which borders the N. W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swa- tara, Juniata, West Branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Cone- maugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Youghiogeny, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &c. Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis ; Harris- burg, the capital ; Pittsburg, Erie, Lancaster, York, Reading, Bethlehem, Easton, Potts vilie, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &c. &c. Internal Improvements : — State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Columbia to Hollidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to Pittsburg, length 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Pennsyl- vania Canal, extends from the central division on Duncan's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 60J miles. An ex- tension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, extends from Bristol to Easton, 59 3-4 miles. Pittsburg and Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles of this work is completed. Canals constructed by joint stock companies. — Schuylkill Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near Read- ing to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 82-08 miles. Pine PENNSYLVANIA. 97 Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easton to Mauch Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carty's point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from Lancaster to Safe Harbor, on the Susquehanna, 18 miles. Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the western abutment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 500 yards in length. Columbia and Tide Canal, 45 miles. Bald Eagle Navigation, 25 miles. Mauch Chunk and Wright's Creek Canal, 26 miles. State Rail Roads, — Columbia Rail Road, extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Hollidaysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central and western divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal, length 36-69 miles. Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — Mauch Chunk Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles. Room Run Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuyl- kill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 miles. Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, from Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mill Creek, length, including branches, 7 ms. Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hill, length including 2 branches, 20 miles. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuylkill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles. Beaver Meadow Rail Road, 26J miles. Lackawaxen Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carbondale, 16J miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia Rail Road to West Chester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Rail Road, from Philadelphia to Norristown, with a branch to Germantown. Lyken's Valley Rail Road, from Broad Mountain to Millersburg. Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Road, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of Pottsville to Sunbury, 44-54 miles. Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length, 51-54. Oxford R. Road, now in progress, extends from the Columbia Rail Road. Reading Rail Road to extend to Port Clinton. Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road, 54 miles. Philadelphia and Wilmington Rail Road, 27 miles. Catawissa and Tamaqua Rail Road, 38J miles. Wil* liamsport and Elmira Rail Road, 73 J miles. Lancaster and 9 98 PHILADELPHIA. Harrisburg Rail Road. — Harrisburg and Chambersburg Rail Road, 50 miles. Downingtown and Norristown Rail Road, 20 miles. Marietta and Columbia Rail Road, 3 miles. Strasburg Rail Road, 5 miles. Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, II. (164.) Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Perrysville, T. (227.) vania, (132.) Person C. H., N. C. (215.) Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (131.) Peoria, II. (119.) Petersburg, P. (153.) Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, P. (155.) Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.) Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg, Va. (197.) Perrysville, O. (126.) Petersburg and Roanoke Rail Perrysville, P. (128.) Road, see Virginia, (217.) Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va. (194.) Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Penn- sylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the U. S. Present pop. about 220,000. It is favorably situated between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Delaware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west, Vine st. on the north, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the jurisdiction of the corpora- tion. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regulations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These regulations, being merely local in their operation, are unim- portant in reference to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embrac- ing the adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liber- ties, Spring Garden, Southward Moyamensing, &c. The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an outline of about 8£ miles. The principal streets of the city proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sassa- fras, Vine, Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, &c. up to Thirteenth, which is succeeded by Broad street, &c. Those of the Northern Liber- ties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coates, Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts., Old York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &c. In Spring Garden, are Marshall, Law-* and ESPIj^iXd TIOJV. . C. CUjf S . Southirark BT.I*. Northern Liberties Kensington Jloramensina Passvitnk ' tf Spring Garden * K II. P. S.G. I. WlJJij^ JP^FJJ_J]J_| ijjiffi L^'tl ^r<* Street J'"■" .-jL_u_jjjjj_i:d_i3i3_s J|™^,' ' F- 5:1 iiii" I =| ir,.„i,.,.v.i ' i i — \. — , — — , , -jf — ' *»-l-»relJa — I JiOvww/ ■*«■„*.' , «1" r 'frJJJJJ . I S -JJJJjtj^JjVaJla^, :. S r-JJJjJ_El4"nVdj i! UJJ._J -^ '-" —J a -J*-l -UJ>!!_I idJiPHa _J J ifl^i;,/ .i ,;,„. PHILADELPHIA. 99 renee, Eighth, Ninth, &c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring-Garden, Washington streets, &c. In Southwark, Shippen, Plum, German, Catharine, Queen, Christian, Carpen- ter, Prime street, &c. And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitz- water, Catharine, Tidmarsh, Prime and Federal streets. In addition to the above, each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of which are well built. Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the city are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the various courts are held, Bank of the United States, Philadelphia Bank and contiguous buildings, Theatre, Arcade, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint ; all the above are in Chesnut street. Pennsylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Blockley Township ; Orphans' Asylum, in Cherry street ; Wills's Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street; Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Race street; Orphan's (Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph's, in Spruce street ; Widow's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets; Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and Walnut streets ; Custom-house, in Second street ; City Library, and Philosophical Hall and Atheneum, in Fifth street near Chesnut ; Hall of the Franklin (mechanics') Institute, in Seventh street; Academy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jefferson Col- lege, in Tenth street ; Musical Fund Hall, in Locust street ; Adelphi, in Fifth street ; Washington Hall, in Third street ; Theatre, in Walnut street ; Theatre, in Arch street ; Museum, Ninth and Sansom streets ; Prisons, on Passyunk Road ; Eastern Penitentiary, and House of Refuge, in Coates' street ; Fair Mount Water Works, on the Schuylkill, N. W. of the State-house ; Marine Asylum, and United States Arsenal, on the Schuylkill, S. W. of the State-house; Navy Yard on the Delaware ; Friends' Lunatic Asylum, near Frankford ; about 80 churches, 16 banks ; Alms-house, west side of the Schuyl- kill ; Girard College, N. W. of the State-house, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. . f Spread Eagle, 5 16 ^ | Paoli, 5 21 pg { Warren, 1 22 To Pittsburg. ^ r Fair Mount, 1 o J Viaduct over the # | Schuylkill, 2 3 tf (.Buck Tavern, 8 11 pj | Valley Creek, 7 29 LDowningtown, 3 32 100 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. *< o bo -5 1 w. " Coatesville, Gap Tavern, Mine ridge, Mill Creek, Soudersburg, Lancaster, Mt. Pleasant, ..Columbia, fYorfc, Abbotstown, Gettysburg, Chambersburg, M'Connelstown, Bedford, Shellsburg, Stoystown, Laughlintown, Greensburg, „ Pittsburg, 11 1 5 3 9 8 5 11 15 40 51 52 57 60 69 77 82 93 108 14 122 25 147 19 166 31 197 9 206 19 225 16 241 23 264 32 296 tf 12 15 To Pittsburgh via Harris- burg. Lancaster, Mountjoy, Middletown, Harrisburg, 5 ^ Carlisle, Stough's T. Shippensburg, L Chambersburg, Pittsburg, as above, 9 105 18 123 13 136 7 143 11 154 147 301 To Pittsburg, by Pennsylva- nia Rail Road and Canal. Columbia, as above, 82 r Marietta, 3 85 Bainbridge, 6 91 Falmouth, 4 95 Middletown, 4 99 g <{ Highspire, 3 102 $ Harrisburg, 6 108 Blue Mt. Gap, 5 113 Port Dauphin, 3 116 Duncan's Isd. 9 125 O f Newport, 10 135 Thompsontown, 11 146 Mexico, 7 153 Mifflintown, 4 157 Lewistovvn, 14 171 Waynesburg, 14 185 Aughwich Fs, 12 197 Huntingdon, 17 214 Petersburg, 7 221 Alexandria, 7 228 Williamsburg, 12 240 Frankstown, 10 250 ^Hollidaysburg, 3 253 Johnstown, by R. R. 37 290 f Laurel Hill, 7 297 Lockport, 10 307 Chesnut Hill, 5 312 Blairsville, 8 320 Saltzburg, 16 336 Warrentown, 12 348 Leechburg, 10 358 Allegheny aqua. 3 361 Logan's Ferry, 15 376 I Pittsburg, 18 394 To Erie, Pa. Manyunk, Norristown, Trap, Pottstown, Warrensburg, Exetertown, Reading, Hamburg, Orwigsburg, Pottsville, Sunbury, New Berlin, Milheim, Belle fonte, Phillipsburg, Curwinville, Brookville, Shippensville, by Stage. 16 25 35 40 45 52 67 78 8 86 36 122 11 133 25 158 21 179 27 206 19 225 37 262 27 289 9 9 10 5 5 7 15 11 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA, 101 Franklin, 18 307 Meadville, 25 332 Waterford, 23 355 Erie, 15 370 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Canal, Manyunk, Flat Rock, 7 1 8 Spring Mills, Norristown, 3 11 5 16 Phenixville, 12 28 Pottstown, 15 43 Unionville, 3 46 Birdsboro, 6 52 Reading, 12 64 Hamburg, Port Clinton, 23 87 4 91 Tunnel, 7 98 Schuylkill Haven, Mount Carbon, 3 101 4 105 Pottsville, 1 106 Port Carbon, 2 108 To Bethlehem, Pa by Stage. Sunville, 3 German town, 3 6 Flowertown, 5 11 Spring, Montgomery, Lexington, Sellersville, 6 17 4 21 4 25 7 32 Quakertown, Fryburg, Bethlehem, 5 37 6 43 8 51 To Easton, by Stage. Shoemakertown , 9 Jenkintown, 1 10 Abington, Willowgrove, Newville, 1 11 2 13 7 20 Doylestown, Ottsville, Easton, To New York, by Frankford, Holmsburg, Bristol, Trenton, Princeton, Kingston, New Brunswick, Milton, Elizabethtown, Newark, New York, 4 24 15 39 17 56 Stage. 5 4 9 11 20 11 31 10 41 3 44 13 57 13 70 5 75 6 81 10 91 To New York, by Steam Boat and Stage. Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 Bristol, do. 1 20 Bordentown, do 10 30 Trenton, by S. B. 6 36 Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 New Brunswick, do. 17 63 Perth Arnboy, by S. Boat, 12 75 New York, do. 25 100 To New York, by Steam Boat and Rail Road. Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39 Spots wood, 16 56 South Amboy, 9 64 Perth Amboy, by S. Boat, 2 66 New York, 25 91 To Baltimore by Rail-Road via Wilmington, Sfc. Wilmington Rail-Road, 1 [02 ROUTES PROM PHILADELPHIA. Gray's Ferry viaduct, Chester, Marcus H. Road, Wilmington, Newport, Newark Road, Elkton, Northeast, Charleston, Havre De Grace, Bush River, Gunpowder R. Back River, Depot, Baltimore P. O. 4 5 9 14 4 18 9 27 4 31 8 39 6 45 6 51 3 54 6 60 12 72 7 79 11 90 94 95 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat ond Rail.Road. „. f Fort Mifflin, 8 g j Lazaretto, 5 13 °3 «{ Chester, 5 18 | | Marcus Hook, 4 22 « j Christiana Cr. 8 30 w I New Castle, 5 35 Frenchtown, byR. R. 16 51 Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120 To Baltimore, by Stage. Darby, " 6 Chester, 9 15 Wilmington, 13 28 Elkton, 20 48 Havre De Grace, 16 64 Baltimore, 34 98 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat and Canal. New Castle, as above, by Steam Boat, 35 Delaware City, 6 41 St. George's, by Canal, 5 46 Deep Cut do. 4 50 Bohemia, do. 5 55 Turkey Point, by S. Boat, 10 65 Baltimore, do. 48 113 To Cape May, by Steam Boat. Delaware City, as above, 41 Reedy Island, 5 46 Alia ways Creek, 5 51 Bombay Hook, 12 63 Egg Island, 17 80 Light Ho. C. May, 20 100 Cape Island, 2 102 To Cape May, by Stage. Woodbury, 9 Jonesboro, 10 19 Malaga, 10 29 Millville, 13 42 Port Elizabeth, 6 48 Dennis Creek, 14 62 Goshen, 4 66 Cape May, C. H. 4 70 Cold Spring, 9 79 Cape Island, 2 81 To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by Stage. Pensauken Creek, 9 Hampton, F. 17 26 Washington, 9 35 Tuckerton, 14 49 To Long Branch. Bordentown, by S. B. 30 Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 Monmouth, do 18 55 Eaton, do. 10 65 Long Branch, do 4 69 PHI PITTSBURG. 103 Philadelphia (West) Canal, see Pennsylvania, (157.) Philadelphia, Germanlown $f JSorrislown Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Philadelphia, K. (188.) Fhillipsburg, L. C. (16.) Phillipsburg, P. (130.) Pickensville, S. C. (252.) Pickensville, Miss. (280.) Picolata, F. (330.) Pierces, Ga. (289.) Pike, N. Y. (78.) Pikeville, K. (192.) Pikeville, T. (229.) Pikeville, Ala. (246) Piketon,0. (150.) Pickneyville, S. C. (253.) Pine Bluff, Ark. (242.) Pine Log, Ga. (250.) Pittston, Pa. (107.) Pineville, S. C. (273.) Pine Grove Rail-Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) Piscatawav, Md. (177.) Piqua, O. (124.) Point Au Tremble, L. C. (15.) Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (69.) Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.) Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) P. DuRocher, II. (164.) P. Frederick. Md. (177.) Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded in 1765 ; and now contains a population of about 38,000 including the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmingham, &c. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manufactories. The public buildings are, a court-house, exchange, college, moni- torial school house, several hotels, museum, banks, market- house, many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various deno- minations. ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. To Cincinnati, O. by Steam Elizabethtown, 13 104 Boat. Sistersville, 35 139 Middletown, 11 Newport, 17 156 Beavertown, 18 29 Marietta, 16 172 Fawcetstown, 19 48 Parkersburg, 13 185 Steubenville, 22 70 Bellville, 17 202 Wellsburg, 7 77 Letart's rapids, 30 232 Warrenton, 6 83 Point Pleasant, 29 261 Wheeling, 8 91 Gallipolis, 3 264 104 ROUTES FROM PITTSBURGH. Guyandot, Burlington, Portsmouth, Manchester, Maysville, Ripley, Augusta, Point Pleasant, Cincinnati, (See Cincinnati.) 34 298 7 305 41 346 36 382 10 392 7 399 9 408 15 423 26 449 To Philadelphia, Stage , Sfc. East Liberty, Wilkinsburg, Howardsville, Stewartsville, Adarnsburg - , Greensburg, Youngstown, Laughlin, Stoystown, Bedford, M'Connels T. f Chambersburg, K | Gettysburg, ra | York, p- -{ Columbia, >, j Lancaster, ^ j Downingtown, L Philadelphia, by 3 3 8 6 7 10 13 16 28 11 19 25 32 42 55 71 99 31 130 19 149 25 174 29 203 11 214 13 227 37 264 32 296 Pittsboro, N. C. (235.) Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) Pleasant River Bay, Me. (42.) Plymouth, N. H. (62.) Plymouth, Mass. (112.) Plymouth, N. C. '238.) Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) Point Alderton, Mass. (86.) To Philadelphia, by and Rail Road Allegheny Aqueduct, Blairsville, Johnstown, Hollidaysburg, R. R. 73 f Huntingdon, g j Lewistown, O -\ Duncan Island, jg 4 | Middletown, ^Columbia, Philadelphia, by R. R. Canal 41 30 37 39 23 74 104 141 180 43 223 46 269 26 295 17 312 82 394 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Woodville, 18 Butler, 9 27 Centreville, 18 45 Mercer, 15 60 Georgetown, 15 75 Meadville, 15 90 Waterford, 23 113 Erie, 15 128 To Wheeling, by Stage. Findlaysville, 13 Washington, 11 24 Martinsburg, 5 29 Claysville, 4 31 W. Alexander, 6 39 Wheeling, 16 55 Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) Pompion, N. J. (108.) Pontiac, Mich. (73.) Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) Portage, N. Y. (57.) Portage, O. (101.) Port Deposit Canal, see Maryland, (156.) Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.) Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) Port Bar net, Pa. (103.) POR Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) Port Williams, K. (168.) PORTLAND. Port Royal, Va. (176.) 105 Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches, 6 banks, &c. ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. To Boston, by Stage. Saco, Kennebunk port, Wells, York, Portsmouth, Hampton Falls, Newburyport, Rowley, Tops field, Danvers, Sangus, Boston, To Boston, via Salem, by Stage. Rowley, as above, Ipswich, Hamilton, Wenham, Beverly, Salem, Lynn, Boston, 16 10 26 6 32 15 47 9 56 13 69 9 78 5 83 8 91 6 96 7 104 10 114 83 88 93 95 99 102 107 10 117 To Eastport, by Stage. Freeport, 18 Brunswick, 9 27 Bath, 7 34 Wiscasset, 15 49 Waldoboro, 18 67 Warren, 9 76 Thomastown, 4 80 Camden, 11 91 Belfast, 18 109 Castine, (by water,) Bluehill, 9 118 10 128 Elsworth, 14 142 Franklin, 12 154 Cherryfield, Columbia, 20 174 12 186 Machias, 15 201 Whiting-, Eastport, 15 216 15 231 To Quebec, by Stage. Brunswick, 27 Bodoinham, 13 40 Gardner, 11 51 Hallowell, 4 55 Augusta, Waterville, 3 58 17 75 Norridgwock, Solon, 16 91 20 111 Moscow, 13 124 Ferry over Kenne- beck river, 17 141 Monument, 48 189 St. Joseph, St. Henry, Quebec, 54 243 28 271 12 283 „ — „ 1UG POR - RALEIGH. To Alfred. Mt. Washington, 47 88 Buxton, 15 Alfred, 14 29 To Paris. Windham, 15 To White Hills. Raymond, 11 26 Standish, 17 Otisfield, 11 37 Hiram, 14 31 Paris, 13 50 Boundary line, 10 41 Portland, N. Y. (77.) Portland, Ala. (283.) Portersville, Ind. (167.) Ports, S. C. (274.) Portsmouth, N. H. (63.) Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, see Va. (218.) Portsmouth, O. (171.) Potatoe F., S. C. (274.) Potomac, Md. (154.) Potomac R., Md. (177.) Potomac Navigation, see Virginia, (155.) Potosi,Mo. (184.) Pottsdam, N. Y. (35.) Pottstown, Pa. (133.) Pottersville, Pa. (102.) Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.) Powelton, Ga. (271.) Prairie du Chien, Wis. (66.) Prairie Bluff, Ala. (283.) Prattsville, Md. (154.) Prestonburg, K. (192.) Prescott, U. S. (34.) Presque I., U. C. (56.) Presque Is., Pa. (76.) Princeton, N. J. (134.) Princeton, Ind. (166.) Princeton, K. (187.) Princess Anne, Md., (178.) Prophetstown, Ind. (122.) Providence, R. 1. (111.) Providence and Norwich Rail Road, see R.I. (Ill) Provincetown, Mass. (86.) Prudhomme, Lou. (293.) Prunty, Va. (152.) Puckna, Ala. (267.) Pughtown, Va. (154.) Pulaski, T. (227.) Pultneyville, N. Y. (56.) Purdy, T. (226.) Paris, S. C, (2S9.) Putnam, Ind. (146.) Q. Quapaw Villages, Ark. (242.) Queenstown, Md. (177.) Quincy, Mass. (86.) Quincy, II. (141.) Quincy, F. (315.) R. Raleigh, T. (225.) Racoon Spring, K. (191.) Reasville, Ga. (271.) Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, contained m 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public houses are, a state- ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. 107 house, court-house, jail, market-house* theatre, two or three banks* two churches, &c. ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. To Richmond, Va. by Stage. Louisburg, Warrenton, Lawrenceville, Petersburg 1 , Richmond, 23 38 35 58 96 50 146 21 167 Wilmington, 61 158 To Edenton, by Stage. Wakefield, 20 Tarboro, 46 66 Williamston* 34 100 Jamestown, 11 111 Plymouth, 13 124 Edenton, 14 138 To Newbern, by Stage. Smith field, 30 Waynesboro, 24 54 Kingston, 26 80 Newbern, 47 127 To Wilmington, by Stage. Fayetteville, " 58 Elizabeth, 39 97 To Columbia, S. C. Fayetteville, 58 Laurel Hill, 33 91 Cheraw, 28 119 Evans Ford* 22 141 Lit. Lynches Cr. 21 162 Camden, 12 174 Columbia, 32 206 20 34 To Knoxville, T. by Stage. Branthys, Pittboro, Ashboro, Salisbury, Statesville, Morgantown* Ashville, Warm Springs, Newport, T. Dandridge, T. Knoxville, T. 16 36 70 32 102 27 129 38 167 62 229 36 265 28 293 15 308 32 340 Raleigh's Bay, N. C. (258.) Ravenna, O. ( 101 .) Rantales, S. C. (290.) Raymond, Me. (63.) Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) Reading, N. Y. (80.) Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county* Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c* The inhabitants are mostly Germans* or descendants of Ger= mans. ROUTES FROM READING. To Philadelphiai by Stage. Exetertown, 7 Warrenburg, 5 12 Pottstown, 5 17 Trap, 10 27 Norristown, 9 36 Manayunk* 9 45 Philadelphia * 7 55* 108 RHODE ISLAND. To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- kill Canal. Birdsboro, Unionville, Pottstown, Phenixville, Norristown, Manayunk, Philadelphia, 12 18 21 To Pottsville, by Canal. Hamburg, Port Clinton, Schuylkill Haven, Pottsville, Port Carbon, 15 36 12 48 9 57 7 64 Schuylkill 23 4 27 10 37 5 42 2 44 To Pottsville, by Stage. Maiden Creek, Hamburg, 8 Port Clinton, 5 Orwigsburg, 6 Pottsville, 8 To Middletown, by Union Canal. Berneville, 15 Womelsdorf, 10 25 Stouchstown, 3 28 Myerstown, Lebanon, Tunnel, Swatara river, Quittapahilla R. x\liddletown, 5 33 8 41 1 42 7 49 11 60 19 79 To Lancaster, by Stage. Adamstown, 9 Rearastown, 5 14 Ephrata, 4 18 Lancaster, 13 31 To Harrisburg, by Stage. Sinking Spring, Womelsdorf, Myerstown, Lebanon, Millerstown, Palmyra, Hummelstown, Harrisburg, 4 9 13 20 26 31 37 43 52 To Easton, by Stage. Kutztown, 17 Trexlerstown, 9 26 Allentown, 8 34 Bethlehem, 5 40 Easton, 10 50 Reading, O. (148.) Red River, Lou. (294.) Red Church, Lou. (323.) Redheimers, S. C. (273.) Reister, Md. (156.) Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.) Reynoldsburg, T. (207.) Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five counties. Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capi- tals, Providence and Newport; metropolis, Providence; lat. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General election, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednesday in May and last Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles II.) 1663. Officers of the government for one year ; governor, salary RHODE ISLAND. i09 I; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney-general, fees. General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor, lieu- tenant-governor, and eight senators. House of representatives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. Judiciary, — is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of a chief justice ($650 per annum,) and two associate judges ($550 each,) and a court of common pleas, composed of five judges for each county of the state. All the judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation exist in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of considerable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals ; the substratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which frequently exhibit themselves not only on the hills, but in the valleys also. These give to this part of the state a rugged and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occasioned by low hills ; these, however, diminish in number and importance as the sea board is approached, and within a few miles of which they terminate altogether. Lakes. — Watchogg and Charles in the south-w T est. Paw- tuxet and several smaller lakes on the north-west. Rivers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Pawtucket,. Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles rivers, &c. Islands.— -Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence and some smaller islands. Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vege- tables, cattle, &.c. &c. Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Paw- tucket, Burrelville, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, &c. Internal Improvements.— Blackstone Canal, (see Massachu- setts.) Stonington Rail Road, extends from StoningtOn in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company has been incorporated to construct a Rail Road from Provi- dence to Norwich, in Connecticut* Rhodes,- T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109,) Richmond, N. Y. (1 34.) Rieeboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.) Kichardsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond, C. H., Va, (1 77.) Richfield, N.Y. (81.) Richmond, Va. (197,) capitai and metropolis of Virginia? Population in 1830, 16 T 085. Public buildings, stale-hoase> 10 110 ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. penitentiary, court house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 8 or 10 handsome churches. ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. T l ^ •'•• -V J *v 4* *« ■y Mi ♦ Vy ^ : lfiilr e <^^ vW^^* aV*v bwhS IH BfiS9 imii w i SB BH mm HHi itffii ffl WSMMmSmm mSm