ciass_HBnx51 Book__J A5^ or-iriciAi, uoNA^-rioN. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS S, N. D. NORTH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 14 PROPORTION OF THE SEXES IN THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/proportionofsexeOOunit DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR i.,s. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS S. N. D. NORTH, DIRECTOR «?// BULLETIN 14 PROPORTION OF THE SEXES IN THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 ,N^ 7 AUG 1905 D.ofD, CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal 5 Summary of results - - 7, 8 Sex 8-21 Definition of terms 8, 9 Margin of error 9 The United States 9, 10 Continental United States 10 Geograjihic divisions 10, 11 States and territories 11 Counties 11-14 Physiographic divisions 14, 15 City and country 15-21 Sex and age 21, 22 Sex and race 22-24 Sex and school attendance. 24-28 Sex and death rate 28, 29 GENERAL TABLES. Table 1. — Total population, population living in cities of at least 25,000 inhabitants, and population living in smaller cities and country districts, classified by sex, with per cent male and female: 1900 30, 31 Table 2. — Population of cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants, classified by sex, with per cent male and female: 1900 31, 32 Table S.^Classification, by sex, of the population living in cities within specified limits of size and in country districts: 1900 34, 35 Table 4. — Classification, by sex, of the population living in cities within specified limits of size and in country districts: 1890 36, 37 Table 5. — Per cent male and female in the total population and in the population living in cities within specified limits of size and in country districts: 1900 38 Table 6. — Per cent male and female in the total population and in the population living in cities within specified limits of size and in country districts: 1890 39 Table 7. — Classification, by sex, of the population living in cities which had at least 2, .500 inhabitants in 1890 and were within specified limits of size in 1900: 1900 40, 41 Table 8. — Classification, by sex, of the population living in cities which had at least 2,500 inhabitants in 1890 and were within specified limits of size in 1900: 1890 ^ 42, 43 Table 9. — Population under and at least 5 years of age, classified by sex, and per cent distribution li\- sex, in cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants and in smaller cities and countr}- districts: 1900 44, 45 Table 10. — Male and female population, by jihysiographic divisions, for continental United States and for main and minor geo- graphic divisions: 1900, 1890, and 1880 4ti, 47 Table 11. — Per cent male and female in the population, by physiographic divisions, for continental United States and for main and minor geographic divisions: 1900, 1890, and 1880 48,49 Tal)le 12. — Population at least 15 years of age attending school during the sensus year classified by sex, and per cent distribution by sex : 1900 and 1890 50 Table 13. — Per cent of the population 5 to 24 years of age attending school during the census year classified by sex and race for continental United States; 1900 and 1890 51 MAPS. Map 1. — Per cent male in total population, for states and territories: 1900 13 Map 2. — Per cent male in total population, for states and territories: 1890 13 Map 3. — Counties having an excess of females: 1900 14 Map 4. — Counties having an excess of females: 1880 14 Map 5. — Counties with majority of rural population male or female: 1900 17 Map 6. — Counties with majority of ur))an iwpulation male or female: 1900 IS Map 7. — States and territories having an excess of females in the population attending school: 1900 24 Map 8. — States and territories having an excess of females in the jiopulation at least 15 years of age atteiuiing school: 1900 25 , (3) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C. , Navemier 15, 1904- Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith Bulletin li of the )>ureau of the Census, presenting a discussion of the "Proportion of the Sexes in the United States." The derivative tables it contains have been prepared under the supervision of Professor Walter F. Willcox, of Cornell Universit}', special agent of the Census Bureau, and he has written the accompan3'ing text. Certain conclusions reached herein are of much scientific and practical importance. Thus it is shown that, notwithstanding the great excess of males in the United States as a whol«, the cities of the country contain a marked and increasing excess of females; that the reported excess of females at ages of 16 to 25 is probably illusory and due to a preference for that age period on the part of women, which leads to erroneous returns in enough cases to produce this result; that the reported excess of females at ages above 83 is probably due in the main to, and an evidence of, their greater average length of life; that some thousand foreign born Chinese were erroneously reported as natives of the United States, probablj' in the desire to avoid the stringent provisions of the exclusion law; that school attendance is increasing more rapidly among girls than among boys, and that the difference is most marked above the age of 15, at which age more than half the youth in school now are young women, while in 1890 more than half were young men; that the death rate of males in the registration area (19.0 per thousand) is about one-seventh greater than that of females (16.6 per thousand); and that this difference between the sexes, which is almost or quite absent between 10 and 20 years of age, is greatest in infanc}' and old age. Navy respectfully, Hon. Victor H. Metcalf, Director. Secretary of Commerce and Labm'. (5) PROPORTION OF THE SEXFS IN THE UNITED STATES. By Walter F. Willcox. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. In continental United States there are 1,638,321 more malos tlian females, or about 2 in each 100 people. Probably in the population of the world as a whole, and certainty in that half of it which has been counted with distinction of sex, there are several million more males than females. In continental United States, however, the relative excess of males is greater than the average for all countries. Europe has an excess of females; every other conti- nent, so far as known, has an excess of males. The whole population of continental United States was first counted with distinction of sex in 1820. During- the seventy years from 1830 to 1900 the absolute excess of males was greater at each census than at any preceding census with one exception, that of 1870, when the excess of males was less than in 1850 and I860.. This reduction of the excess of males between 1860 and 1870 by about 300,000 was doubtless due to the deaths in the Civil War and the diminished immigration during the decade. The greatest relative excess of males was in 1890, when in each 10,000 people there were 212 more males than females. By 1900 this excess had decreased to 216 in 10,000, less than the relative excess in 1890 and 1860, but greater than that at each other census. The divisions of continental United States with the smallest proportion of males are the District of Colum- bia (47.4 per cent), Massachusetts (48.7 per cent), and Rhode Island (49.1 per cent); those with the largest are "Wyoming (62.9 per cent), and Montana (61.6 percent). As a rule sparsely settled regions have an excess of males and densel}^ settled regions an excess of females. Between 1890 and 1900 the divergence among the several states in this respect decreased and the propor- tion of males and of females in different sections became more nearly equal. In 1880 about one-fourth and in 1900 lews than one- sixth of the American counties had an excess of females. American cities as a rule have more females than males. In the 1,861 cities, each liaving in 1900 at least Bull. No. 14—04 2 2,500 inhabitants, there were 201,969 more females than males, and this notwithstanding the many western cities which contained more males than females and the enor- mous number of foreign born in the country, five- ninths of them male and a large proportion of them living in the cities. This tendency of American cities to develop a pre- ponderatingly female population had increased since 1890 when, in the 1,490 cities, each having at least 2,500 inhabitants, there were 6,929 more males than females. While the excess of 6,929 males in American cities in 1890 became an excess of 3iO,959 females in American cities in 1900, the excess of 1,519,559 males in country districts in 1890 became an excess of 1,840,280 males in 1900. Or, expressing the facts in ratios, of each 1,000 inhab- itants of such cities in 1890, 500 were males and in 1900, 497 were males; of each 1,000 inhabitants living out- side these cities in 1890, 519 were males and in 1900, 520 were males. The difference thus in the number of males or of females between an average thousand of city and of country population in 1890 was 19 and in 1900, 23. This conclusion is not materially modified when a more accurate method is emploj'ed and a comparison made between the figures in 1890 and 1900 for the same list of cities, namely, all which had at least 2,500 inhabitants at each date. A marked and increasing dissociation of the sexes between city and country like that in the United States has been noted also in the leading countries of western Europe. On the other hand, there is a large excess of males in the principal cities of Russia and India, and in Hong- kong and Manila. This excess of females in the cities of western Europe and eastern United States is probably due mainly to the greater opportunity' for women to find employment in those cities and to their migration citj-ward in conse- quence. But even among children under 5 3'ears of age, a slight difference appears between cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants and the rest of the country. In such cities there are 503 males to each 1,000 children; outside of them there are 506 males to each 1,000 children. (7) 8 These tigures support but do not prove the theory that the proportion of male children at birth is slightly less in cities than in country districts. Notwithstanding the great excess of males in the total population of the United States, there are 2 periods of life at which the reported number of females is greater. One, extending from about 83 years of age to the end of life, is probably due mainly to the longer average life of women; the other, from 16 to 25, is probably apparent rather than real, and due mainly to the greater number of women who claim, eri-oneously, to belong to this age period. Among the negroes there are a few more females than males; among the Indians, a few more males than females. The marked excess of males among whites and Mongolians is doubtless due to the influence of immigration. Among the Chinese said to have been born in the United States, nearly three-fourths are male, an incredi- ble proportion, which is probably due to the false return of several thousand immigrant Chinese as native in the efi'ort to elude the provisions of the exclusion laws. At each of the last 6 censuses there has been an ex- cess of males among native white population ranging, at each census except that of 1870, from one-quarter to three-quai'ters of a million. These figures are probably swollen by an indeterminate amount as a result of the return of a certain number of foreign born as native. In 1900, among the 13,367,147 persons attending school, 499 in each 1,000 were male and 501 female; in 1890, in the same class, 510 per 1,000 were male and 490 female. Among the whites attending school there is still a slight excess of males; among the Indians and Mon- golians, a very marked excess of males. The slight ex- cess of females in the total population reported in 1900 as attending school is due to a very decided excess of females among the negro school attendants. In all races and in all parts of the country there has been a decided increase since 1890 in the proportion of females among persons attending school. This increase is due mainly to the increase in the proportion of 3'oung women among persons at least 15 years of age attending school, the increase at this age period being nearly five times as great as at any other and more than three times as great as the average increase for all ages. In 1890, among each 1,000 persons at least 15 years of age attending school, 528 were male; in 1900 only 490 were male. No important change took place in the large cities. The change for the whole country was due to a rapid decrease outside of the cities in the proportion of young men among the persons at least 15 years of age attend- ing school, the figures for the country districts ap- proaching rapidly the proportion found in cities in 1900 and 1890. When the school attendants of a specified class are compared with the total population of the same age and class, a noticeable contrast between the negro and the foreign born white population appears, the per cent of female negroes attending school at each age being larger than that of male negroes, and the per cent of female foreign born whites attending school at each age smaller than that of male foreign born whites. Even for the age period 10 to 14 there has been, during the last decade, a slight decrease in the propor- tion of males attending school to male population, somewhat more than counterbalanced bj^ an increase in the proportion of females attending school to female population. The death rate of males in the registration area of the United States in 1900 was 19.0 per 1,000, and that of females 16.6 per 1,000, the former having a death rate higher by about one-seventh than the latter. In the 346 registration cities the death rate of males was 20.0 and that of females 17.2 per 1,000, the male rate exceeding the female by one-sixth. In the rest of the registration area the male death rate was 15.8 and that of females 15.0 per 1,000, the male rate exceeding the female by one-nineteenth. The difference in the death rate of the sexes is appar- entl^' least between the ages of 5 to 14 and greatest at the 3'oungest and oldest ages. Life tables for Massachusetts, England, Prussia, and Norwaj^ confirm these conclusions and make them pre- cise. Thej' indicate that male children under 3 years of age have uniformly a higher death rate than female children. There is a period between 5 and 21 j'ears of age in which the death rate of females is slightly higher than that of males. According to the Massachusetts life table this period covei's seventeen years, 5 to 21; accord- ing to the Norwegian life table, eleven years, 6 to 15; according to the Prussian life table, nine years, 8 to 16, and according to the English life table, eight years, 14 to 21. According to all the life tables the death rate of women between 20 and 30 years of age, at which ages probably four-fifths of the childbirths occur, was less than that of males. SEX. Definition of tei'ms. — There are no words in common use for human beings of the male sex and the female sex regardless of age, the words man and woman being confined to adults, and the words male and female including not merely the human but all animal species, the former being, therefore, too narrow, and the latter too broad. To modify the popular meaning of either set of terms was far easier than to attempt the intro- duction of a new pair. Census practice has chosen the second pair, and for census purposes the word male means a human being of the male sex and of any age; the word female a human being of the female sex and of any age. Margin, of error. — In this field of census work there is no ambiguity of terms, and in the United States there is no unwillingness on the part of any race, age, or class of the population to give correct answers to the ques- tion of sex. Hence the amount of conscious and inten- tional error in the answers is probably infinitesimal. But the census returns are obtained by enumerators who inquire from dwelling house to dwelling house throughout the United States regarding the families there residing. A small minority of the population have ho dwelling house even in the loose sense in which that term is defined by the Bureau of the Census, namely, the place where a person regularly sleeps.^ Such persons without habitation are somewhat likely not to be counted, and also are likely to be predomi- nantly males. Hence failures of enumerators to reach this class are likely to result in the omission of males more commonh' than of females. These reasons for anticipating a greater proportion- ate omission of males are not confirmed, however, by the results of a recount in Maryland. In 2 counties of the state and 11 of the 19 enumeration districts in a third county, a careful reenumeration was made soon after the original count, in the effort to gather evidence , upon which indictments of the enumerators for false and fraudulent returns might be based. The work was done under the direct and personal superintendence of officials trained in the Bureau, and there is no reason to doubt the accuracy of their conclusions. The reenu- meration showed a population of 60,934, and of these 1,564 or 2.6 per cent had been omitted b^^ the enumer- ators. It included 31,762 males, and of these 817 or 2.6 per cent had been omitted; it included 29,172 females, and of these 737 or 2.5 per cent had been omitted. Thus the difference in the per cent of omissions accord- ing to sex was insignificant. But in the case in hand a strenuous effort was made, for political reasons, to make the first enumeration absolutely complete. The political henchmen employed as enumerators and their superiors doubtless had fuller information regarding the male population, and especially the potential voters than regarding the females. This maj' perhaps account for the disagreement between the theoretical considerations and the results of a recount. On the whole, the results of this slight experimental test are believed to be insuf- ' Twelfth Census, Instructions to Enumerators, Sec. 9i). ficient to outweigh the reasons already given for believ- ing that males are more usually omitted. The homeless class and the class whose homes or sleeping places are so ill-defined and unrecognizable as to escape the enumerators' attention constitute perhaps a larger proportion of the population in cities and towns than they do in any but the most sparse!}^ settled coun- try districts. If so, the omissions due to this cause would be more frequent in cities and towns than in country dis- tricts and majr be a factor in producing the excess of females in the urban districts of the United States. But this cause of error, if it exists, is probably a slight one, and exercises little influence upon the figures. As there seems to be no means of determining with certainty whether it exists, much le.ss is there any means of meas- uring its magnitude. There is no reason, therefore, to believe that misstatements of fact or omissions in the count, or the two combined, play a significant part in accounting for the sex composition of the population of the United States and its several parts. The reported facts may be deemed a correct mirror of the reality. The United. States. — The sex composition of the popu- ulation is known for 80,047,376, or 95.0 per cent of the 84,233,069 persons in the United States in 1900. The facts for the several divisions appear in the following table: Table I. — Sex composition of the population of the United States about 1900. Date of census. POPULATION. DIVISION. Total. Male. Female. Per cent male. Per cent female. Total 80,047,376 40,911,759 39,135,617 51.1 48.9 ContinentalUnited States 1900 1900 1900 1900 1899 1896 75,994,575 63, 592 154,001 91,219 953,243 2, 790, 746 38,816,448 45, 872 106,369 90,553 472, 261 1,380,256 37, 178, 127 17, 720 47, 632 666 480,982 1,410,490 51.1 72.1 69.1 99.3 49.5 49.5 48.9 27.9 30.9 0.7 50.5 50.5 Alaska Hawaii Military and naval. Porto Rico 1 Philippines- I War Department, Census of Porto Rico, 1899, page 164. •Philippiiii' Commission. Report for 1900-1901, Part ni, page 593. The census of the Phili[.piinN lakrn in 1903 has not yet progressed far enough to make it possible to iiitroducf li^'ures here. \ Table i shows that in Alaska and Hawaii about 7 persons out of 10 are male, but in continental United States there are about 2 more males than females in an average 100 of the population, and in Porto Rico females are somewhat more numerous than males. As the sex composition of less than half the population of the Philippine Islands in 1896 is known, and as accord- ing to the Spanish census of 1887 the archipelago then showed a slight preponderance of males, little weight is to be given to the apparent preponderance of females in the enumerated population. 10 For purposes of comparison with the figures of con- tinental United States, the following- per cents from a trustworthy secondary authority have been introduced: Table II.— .fe composition of enumerated population in the m-eral continents.'^ POPULATION ABOUT 1890. CONTINENT. Total. Male. Female. Percent male. Per cent lemale. Total 793,668,722 399, 301, 857 394,366,805 50.3 49.7 Europe 345, 732, 680 82, 183, 775 13, 765, 424 347,917,223 4,069,620 170, 818, 561 41,643,389 6,994,064 177, MS, 044 2,197,799 174,914,119 40, 540, 386 6,771,360 170,269,179 1,871,821 49.4 50.7 50.8 51.1 54.0 60.6 America Africa 49.3 49.2 48.9 Australia 46.0 'Data from Karl Biicher, "Ueber die Verteilung der beklen Geschlechter auf der Erde," in Allgemcines Statistisches Archiy, Vol. II, page 374. So far as has been determined by enumeration (and in Africa only about one-twelfth and in Asia about two- fifths of the estimated population have been enumerated with distinction of sex) every continent except Europe has an excess of males, and in the total enumerated population of the earth there is a slig-bt excess of per- sons of that sex. About one-half of the total estimated population of the earth has been counted with distinc- tion of sex, and of this half 50.3 per cent were males and 49.7 per cent were females. In every continent except Australia the number of the two sexes approaches close to equality. The relative excess of males in the United States is thus seen to be slightly greater than the prob- able excess in the world as a whole. Where the pop- ulation of countries little touched by civilization or reached by it only in recent years has been enumerated, and the proportion of the sexes has not been materially affected by immigration or emigration, it is usually found that the male population is somewhat in excess of the female. This is true in India and Japan and war- rants the inference that the same is probably true of the main bodies of unenumerated population, such as China and most of Africa. For this reason it seems not im- probable that the excess of males in the total population of the earth is somewhat greater than that indicated by the preceding figures. Continental United States. — For the first three cen- suses the sex composition of the negro population was not reported. On this account the earliest figures in Table iii are those for 1820. Tablk III. — Population of continental United States classified by sex: 1S20 to 1900. POPULATION. NUMBER OF SEX SPECI- FIED IN EACH 10.000. CENSUS. Total. Male. Female. Excess of males. Male. Fe- male. E.X- cessof ^males. 1900.. 76, 994, .576 38, 816, 448 37,178,127 1,638,321 5, 108 4,892 216 18901. 62, 947, 714 32,237,101 30, 710, 613 1,526,488 5,121 4,879 242 1890=. 62, 622, 250 32,067,880 30,554,370 1,613,510 6, 121 4,879 242 1880.. 50,155,783 25,518,820 24,636,963 881,857 5,088 4,912 176 1870. . 38,558,371 19, 493, 665 19,064,806 428,769 5,056 4,944 112 I860.. 31,443,321 16,085,204 15,358,117 727, 087 5,116 4,884 232 1850.. 23,191,876 11,837,660 11,354,216 483,444 6,104 4,896 208 1840. . 17,069,463 8,688,532 8, 380, 921 307, 611 5,090 4,910 180 1830. . 12,866,020 6,532,489 6,333,531 198,968 5,077 4,923 164 1820.. 9,638,453 4,896,605 4,741,848 151,757 5,080 4,920 160 1 Includes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. ' Excludes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. Table iii .shows that the numerical excess of males in 1900 was more than ten times what it was in 1820; that the excess increased steadily and rapidly from 1820 to 1860, but decreased between 1860 and 1870 to a smaller amount than it was in 1850, a decrease due probably botli to the excess of deaths among males caused by the Civil War and also to the check upon immigration in that decade. The excess in 1880 was more than double that in 1870, and that in 1890, 70 per cent greater than that in 1880. During the last decade the increase in the excess of males has been less than for many decades. But this steady increase in the numer- ical excess is due mainly to the increase of population. The last two columns of the table show that the excess relative to population has been far more nearly con- stant. The relative excess of males decreased slightly- from 1820 to 1830, and then increased rapidly for thirty years until the eve of the Civil War. The decade between 1860 and 1870 reduced this excess by more than one-half, but from 1870 to 1890 the excess of males again increased so rapidly that in the lattei' year it was greater than at any other census, even that of 1860. During the last decade there has been a slight decline in the relative excess of males, but the propor- tion at the end of the century was greater than at anv other census year except 1890 and 1860. Geogru2.>Mc divisions. — The number and per cent of males and of females in each state and territory and in each main division are given in the Abstract of the Twelfth Census, Table 38. The following table gives the .same information for the 11 minor divisions: Table IV.— SEX BY MIXOR GKOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS 1900 AND 1890. POPULATION. DIVISION. 1900 1 1890 Per cent male. Per cent female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 1900 1890 1900 1890 38, 816, 448 37,178,127 32,237,101 30, 710, 613 51.1 51.2 48.9 48.8 2,763,796 7,761,081 2, 240, .576 2,982,019 8,177,308 .5,412,014 3, 809, 666 3, 372, 256 700,953 239, 085 1,3,57,694 2,828,221 7, 693, 597 2,223,905 2, 996, 980 7,808,273 4,935,409 3, 738, 091 3,160,034 531, 689 202, 930 1,0,58,998 2, 313, 759 6,366,898 1,925,411 .2,493,360 6,916,423 4,702,167 3,241,635 2,457,789 518,882 192, 749 1,108,028 2,386,990 6, 339, 322 1,934,638 2,504,513 6,561,882 4,229,945 3, 187, 619 2, 283, 194 348,676 153, 628 780,306 49.4 50.2 50.2 49.9 51.2 52.3 60.5 51.6 56.9 64.1 66,2 49.2 50.1 49.9 49.9 .51.3 52.6 50.4 51.8 59.8 55.6 .58.7 .50.6 49.8 49.8 50.1 48.8 47.7 49.5 48.4 43.1 45.9 43,8 60.8 Southern North Atlantic . . 49,9 50.1 Southern South .\tlantic 50.1 Eastern North Central Western North Central . 48.7 47.4 Eastern South Central 49.6 Western South Central 48.2 40.2 Basin and Plateau 44.4 Pacific 41.3 11 Table iv shows that in each of the 11 divisions of the United States, except New England and the Southern South Atlantic, there was an excess of males in 1900, and that this excess reached its maximum in the Rocky Mountain states and territories where the males were nearl}^ 57 per cent of the entire population. It shows also what has appeared already from various points of view that the statistical differences between different parts of the United States have decreased in ten years. Thus in 1890 the males in New England were only 49.2 per cent of the total population, while in the Rocky Mountain states they were 59.8 per cent, a difference of 10.6 per cent. In 1900 the per cent of males in New England had slightly increased and that in the Rocky Mountain states had decidedly decreased; the differ- ence between the two extremes, therefore, declined from 10.6 to 7.5 per cent. States and ter'ritories. — In the following table the states and territoi'ies are arranged in two columns in the order of increasing per cent of males at each of the last two censuses: Table V. — States and territories arrartged in order of increasing proportion of males: 1900 and 1S90. STATE OR TERRITORY. District of Columbia Mfls.sfichusetts Rhode Island Maryland North Carolina South Carolina New York Georgia New Hampshire Virginia Connecticut New Jersey Alabama Louisiana Mississippi Maine Tennessee Ohio Kentucky Pennsylvania Delaware Vermont Indiana Utah Illinois Missouri Arkansas Michigan Wisconsin Iowa Texas Florida West Virginia Kansas Nebraska Minnesota Indian Territory New Mexico Oklahoma South Dakota Colorado California North Dakota Oregon Idaho Arizona Washington Nevada , Montana Wyoming 1 Per cent male: 1900. 47.4 48.7 49.1 49.6 49.6 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 49.9 60.0 50.0 50.1 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.6 50.8 1 50.8 i 51.0 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 51.6 51.8 51.8 52.1 52.1 52.3 52.9 .53.2 53.3 53.4 53.8 53.8 54.7 65.3 55.6 56.3 57.7 .58.4 58.7 60.5 61.6 62.9 STATE OR TERRITORY. District of Columbia Massachusetts Rhode Island North Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Hampshire New York South Carolina Virginia New Jersey Louisiana Alabama Georgia Maine Mississippi Tennessee Ohio Kentucky Pennsylvania Delaware Vermont Indiana West Virginia Illinois Florida Missouri Arkansas Wisconsin Iowa Michigan Texas Kansas Utah Minnesota Indian Territory New Mexico Nebraska South Dakota Norlh Dakota OKlahoma Arizona Oregon California Colorado Idaho W'ashington Nevada Wyoming Montiina Per cent male: 1890. 47. 48. 48. 49. 49. 49. 49. 49. 49. 49. 49. 50. 50. 50, 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 51. 51. 51. 51. 51. 51. 51. 52. 52. 52. 52. 53. 53. 53. 53. 54. 54. 55. 65. 67. 57. 57. 59. GO. 62. 63. 64. 65. The interpretation of Table v will be aided by a glance at two maps on page 13, the upper one grouping the states in the order of the per cent of males in 1900, the lower grouping them as they stood in 189U. From either table or maps it is apparent that the excess of males in the far Western states, while well marked at each census, was less conspicuous in 1900 than in 1890. The proportion of males in the states and territories at the head of the two columns changed little, but the proportion in those at the foot of the two columns fell notably: Montana, 3.6 per cent; Wyoming, 1.4 per cent; Nevada, 2.9 per cent; Washington, 3.3 per cent. The states in 1900 show a range of 15.5 per cent between the highest and lowest, while in 1890 thej' had a range of 17.6 per cent; moreover, the mean departure of the per cents from 50 was 3.3 for 1890 and only 2.7 for 1900; both of these facts show that the changes have been in the direction of establishing a closer approach to equality in the proportion of the sexes and reducing the differences among the states and territories. Perhaps the most noteworthy fact revealed by Table V or the two maps is the position of Utah. In 1890 it had a smaller excess of males than any other state or territory in the Western division and 6 of the 12 states or territories of the Central divisions west of the Mississippi. By 1900 the excess of males had been still further reduced, so that its position in Table v rose from 34 to 24, with a per cent of males less than in 5 states east of the Mississippi and all states west of that river except Louisiana. In West Virginia and Florida, both having an excess of males in 1890, the excess so increased that in 1900 the rank of West Virginia is 9 and that of Florida 6 lower. Table v shows that the proportion of males in the District of Columbia is fulh' 1 per cent less than in any state or territory. From a table showing the densitj^ of population' it appears that the District of Colum- bia is much the most densely settled of the fifty divi- sions of the United States. Its very high density and the marked excess of females in its population may have some connection. Table v also shows that Rhode Island and Massachusetts, the second and third states in order of density of population, are third and sec- ond in the order of the preponderance of females, both of them differing not a little from the nearest states, a fact that would be in general conformitj'^ with the hj'pothesis. The most sparsely settled states and ter- ritories, moreover, have as a rule, the largest excess of males. These may be mere coincidences due to the fact that the sparsely settled regions are the states and territories of the far West to which men have migrated more than women and the densel}'^ settled regions are in the East, from which enough men have departed to affect the proportion of the sexes. Counties. — To ascertain whether densely settled com- munities in the United States generally have a pro- portion of females larger than that of sparsely .settled districts in their vicinity, the analA'sis has been ex- tended to the counties hy means of Table vi, in which the per cent of males is shown for the most 'Twelfth Cen.?us, Abstract, Table 35. 12 densely settled and the most sparsely settled county in each state and territory. Table VI.— Per cent of males in counties of greatest and least density of poprdation, by states and territories: 1900.^ STATE OR TER- RITOEY. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorafio Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . . North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island South Carolina . . South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia . . . Wisconsin Wyoming County of great- est density of population. Jefferson Santa Cruz Pulaski San Francisco Teller New Haven... Newcastle Duval Fulton Latah Cook Marion Polk Wyandotte Jefliersou Orleans Androscoggin Baltimore city Suffolk Wayne Ramsey Adams St. Louis city . Silverbow Douglas Ormsby Hillsboro Hudson Santa Fe New York iVew Hanover , Grand Forks.. Hamilton Oklahoma. Multnomah .. Philadelphia. Providence Charleston Minnehaha... Davidson Galveston Salt Lake Chittenden . . . Alexandria... King Otiio Milwaukee ... Albany 132. 6 3.8 80.2 7,293.2 52.6 439.8 252.8 48.3 674. 5 12.1 1,851.7 493.1 143.4 478.6 626.8 1. 457. 4 113.0 16, 965. 2 11, 988. 6 557.2 991.6 70.4 9,430.1 46.8 412,3 24.1 129.0 8, 977. 9 6.6 32, 649. 2 129.6 17.1 1,011,1 36,3 240,5 9. 951. 5 799.7 128.1 29.8 236.2 100.7 101.2 76.9 654.9 53.7 432.6 1,447.4 3.0 Per cent male. 53.5 54.0 51.0 53.9 68.9 50.3 60.9 49.9 47.0 54.8 50.9 49.6 50.7 62,2 49,1 47.4 48.3 47.8 49.0 49.3 61,9 47.5 60.1 69.9 54.4 54,9 48,3 .50.6 52.7 49.7 46,8 54.2 48.5 54.1 58.3 49,0 48,9 47.2 53.5 49,0 50.1 49.7 49.5 64.6 62.5 49.2 50.0 67.3 County of least density of population. Baldwin Monave Poinsett Inyo Cheyenne ToJand Sussex Lee Charlton Custer Putnam Jasper DicKinson Morton Leslie Cameron Piscataquis... Garrett Dukes Oscoda Cook Greene Reynolds Dawson MePherson... Nye Coos Ocean Chaves Hamilton Dare Billings Geauga Beaver Harney Pike . .'. Washington . . Horry Armstrong ... Van Buren . . . Bailey San Juan Essex Bath Franklin Pocahontas... Forest Natrona Den- sity, 8.3 0.3 9.7 0.4 0,3 59.1 46.4 0.7 3,4 0,4 27,0 25,3 20,1 0,4 17,0 2.7 4.7 26.8 45.6 2.6 0.5 8.3 9.8 0.2 0,3 0.1 16.3 33,9 0.4 2.8 11,7 0,2 36,8 0,5 0.3 14,1 73.0 21.7 (=) 11,4 (=) 0,1 11,6 10,2 0,4 10.0 1.0 0.3 Per cent male. 51.4 62.3 56.1 61.0 59.5 49,5 51.3 5.5,1 62.5 66,9 63.9 62,6 53,3 .59.2 50,9 52.0 62,7 52,4 47,9 65,3 64,8 54,4 51.9 61.2 57.1 60.4 53.8 60.5 57,0 58.2 52.3 62.2 62,2 57.0 61.8 50.8 49.5 50.4 60,0 51,8 25,0 63.9 63,3 52,2 64,2 56,0 58.8 64.8 ' The District of Columbia and Indian Territory are omitted in the table because they do not contain county divisions. - Less than one person to 10 square miles. Examination of Table vi shows that in 39 of the 48 states and territories the most densely settled couutj' has a smaller per cent of males than the most .sparsely settled count}'. The hypothesis that there is some con- nection between a dense population and a preponder- ance of females as well as between a sparse population and a preponderance of males seems to be confirmed. Some instances are worthy of note. New York state contains the most densely settled county in the country, and also, in Hamilton county, one of the most sparsely settled east of the Mississippi. New York county has more females than males, wliile in Hamilton county nearly three-fifths of the population are males. In Fulton county, Ga. , which includes Atlanta, there are six more females than males in each hundred of the population, while in Charlton county, of the same state, much of which consists of Okefinokee swamp, there are five more males than females in every hundred of the population. Careful study of the preceding table shows that al- most without exception sparsely settled counties have a per cent of male population above the average. As a rule densely settled counties have a per cent of male population below the average, but there are a few exceptions. The character of the prevailing occupa- tions, such as mining and iron working in Jeflfei'son counter, Ala., may explain several of them. In the discussion of the figures for sex by states and territories it was shown that the differences in the pro- portion of the sexes among the several states have been decreasing. It would probably be ti'ue for counties also that the range between the extremes was less in 1900 tlian in 1890, but the per cent of males in the total population of each county in 1890 has not been com- puted, and therefore this comparison can not be made. It is true, however, that while the total number of counties in continental United States has been steadily increasing in the last twentj' years, the number with excess of females has been steadily declining. In 1880, of 2,568 counties, 617, or 24.0 per cent; in 1890, of 2,789 counties, 505, or 18.1 per cent; and in 1900, of 2,850 counties, 161, or only 16.2 per cent, had an excess of females. The proportionate number of counties with excess of females in 1900 was thus only two-thirds of what it was in 1880. Two causes may be suggested as probably cooperating to explain the change: First, the normal proportion of the sexes, which was disturbed by the Civil War, has been gradually reestablished by the balance of births and deaths, and secondly, the decrease in the western migration of men has left fewer eastern sections with an excess of women. The total number of counties and the number and per cent of them with excess of females are given for the main and minor geographic divisions in the following table: Table VII.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF COUNTIES WITH EXCESS OF FEMALES: 1900, 1890, AND 1880. DIVISION. TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTIES. COUNTIES WITH EXCESS OF FEMALES. PER CENT OF COUNTIES WITH EXCESS OF FEMALES. 1900 1890 ISSO 1900 1890 1880 1900 1890 1880 2,850 2,789 2,568 461 605 617 16.2 18.1 24.0 216 67 149 520 201 319 1,025 435 590 772 366 416 317 136 55 126 215 67 148 496 183 313 1,046 434 612 750 356 394 282 116 49 118 215 67 148 484 181 303 957 423 534 693 351 342 219 74 45 100 90 31 69 225 64 161 42 35 7 100 86 14 4 97 35 62 237 70 167 36 33 '2 133 117 16 3 119 44 75 288 83 , 206 32 31 1 176 161 15 2 41.7 46.3 39.6 43.3 31,8 60,5 4,1 8,0 1,2 13,0 24,2 3.4 1.3 45,1 62,2 41.9 47,8 88,3 53,4 3,3 7.6 0,3 17,7 32.9 4.1 1.1 55.3 65.7 60.7 69.5 45.9 67.7 North Central division .. , 3.7 7.3 Western North Central 0.2 South Central division . 25.4 Eastern South Central 45.9 Western South Central . 4.4 Western division 0.9 Basin and Plateau 4 3 2 7.3 6.1 4,4 13 Map 1.— per CENT MALE IN TOTAL POPULATION, FOR STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1900. Map 2.— PER CENT MALE IN TOTAL POPULATION, FOR STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1S90. [lis At least 50 per cenl Male 14 Table vir shows that in the five divisions west of the Mississippi and also in the Eastern North Central divi- sion the counties with excess of females are in no case as many as 1 in 10, while in the other five divisions such counties constitute from more than 2 in 10 in the East- ern South Central to 5 in 10 in the Southern South At- lantic. The South Atlantic division at each census also has had a larger proportion of counties with excess of females than the North Atlantic division at the corre- sponding- census. The same is true when the two Eastern Central divisions and the two Western Central divisions are compared with each other. This differ- ence between North and South is probably connected with the greater effect of immigration upon the North. When the two sections are compared as wholes, ex- cluding the Western division, it appears that in 1890, 51.0 per cent of the population of the North and 60.5 per cent of that of the South were male, the North hav- ing 5 more males than the South in each 1,000 people. In 1900 the per cent of males was 50.9 in the North and 50.6 in the South, showing at that census in the North only 3 more males in each 1,000 people.^ The distribu- tion of the sexes in the United States is being equalized not only as between East and West, but also as be- tween North and South. To illustrate further this decreasing number of coun- ties having an excess of females, two outline maps for the region east of a line from North Dakota to Texas have been prepared, showing the regions where the females exceeded the males in 1880 and in 1900. In the western half of the country not shown on these maps almost everj^ countj^ had an excess of males at each census. 1 For figures from which these per cents have been derived, see Twelfth Census, Abstract, Tables 35 and 38. Comparison of these two maps shows that in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan, there were a few more coun- ties in 1900 than in 1880 with an excess of females. These three states in 1880 had only two such counties, while in 1900 they had 13. In Ohio the number had fallen from 21 to 14; in Kentucky, from 20 to 10; in Tennessee, from 51 to 18; in Alabama, from 51 to 28. The two maps bring out much more clearlj' than Table VII the decreasing area in the eastern United States in which the female population outnumbers the male. Physiograpluc divisions. — In Table viii the popu- lation of the physiographic divisions in 1900 has been given with distinction of sex and with per cent of males and of females. Table VIII. — Sex by physiographic divisions. PHYSrOGRAPHIC DIVISION". Continental United States . New England hills Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mis- sissippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region . , . Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Rocky mountains Colinnbian mesas Great basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges population: 1900. Total. 75,994,575 10, 260, 163 1,865,962 6,427,635 6, 809, 103 4, 499, 072 6, 070, 246 9,671,215 8, 129, 760 1,227,094 1:^,300,970 1,203,880 1,974,677 1,052,719 592, 972 366, 758 375, 345 201,669 995, 363 1,079,992 Male. 38,816,448 5,081,974 938, 699 3,217,201 3, 369, .547 2, 260, 992 3, 120, 1S7 4, 918, 303 4,119,189 631,749 6, 916, .649 021,772 1,016,654 677, 116 346, 476 203,786 199,040 117, 3.66 579,839 681, 170 Female. 5,178,179 927, 253 3,210,434 3,439,556 2, 238, 080 2, 950, 109 4, 652, 912 4, 010, .671 596, 345 6,385,421 682, 108 958, 123 475, 604 246, 490 152, 972 176, 305 84, 313 415, .524 498, 822 Per cent male. 49.5 50.3 50.1 49.5 60.3 61.4 61.4 50.7 51.6 .52. 51.6 .51.5 54.8 58.4 57.1 53.0 .68.2 58.3 .53.8 Per cent fe- male. 48.9 50.5 49.7 49.9 60.5 49.7 48.0 48.6 49.3 48.6 48.0 48.4 48. 5 45.2 41.6 42.9 47.0 41.8 41.7 46. 2 "^^--^ l^- Map 3. — Counties having an excess of females: 1900. j[ \P 4. — Counties having an excess of females: ISiO. 15 Table viii shows that in onlj- 2 of the 19 phj'sio- g-raphic divisions, namely, the New England hills and the Piedmont region, did the females outnumbei' the males, and that the excess of males rises to its maximum in the Rocky mountains. Pacific valley, and the Plateau ]-egion, in all three of which it is over 58 per cent. In the Columbian mesas it is 57.1 per cent, while nowhere else does it reach 55 per cent. In the following table the per cent of male popula- tion for each of these physiographic divisions at the last three censuses is given, two series of per cents be- ing given for 1890, one including and the other exclud- ing the specially enumerated Indian population, the former being suitable for comparison with the figures of 1900, the latter with the figures of 1880. The full figures on which the per cents are based will be found in Tables 10 and 11 of this bulletin. Table IX. — Per cent male in the total population, for j^hysiographic divisions: 1900, 1890, and 1880. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Continental United States. New England hills Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Rocky mountains Columbian mesas Great basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges PER CENT MALE IN TOTAL POPU- LATION. 1900 18901 1890= 18S0 51.1 49.5 60.3 50.1 49.5 60.3 51.4 51.4 50.7 51.5 52.0 51.6 61.5 64.8 58.4 57.1 53.0 68.2 58.3 53.8 49.3 49.9 50.0 49.4 60.4 51.0 61.8 50.6 51.7 62.3 51.7 51.7 66.8 60.8 58.8 65.5 68.6 60.5 66.9 51.2 49.3 49.9 50.0 49.4 60.4 51.0 51.8 60.6 51.7 52.3 61.4 61.7 57.2 61.1 69.1 55.6 61.7 60.5 56.9 50.9 48.9 49.3 49.7 49.0 49.7 50.4 61.8 50.6 51.5 52.5 51.3 51.5 61.2 65.3 62,8 57.6 68.4 61.8 57.6 1 Includes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. - Excludes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. For all regions east of the Mississippi the two series of figures for 1890 agree. The table shows that in the New England hills and the Piedmont region, the only two regions having an excess of females in 1900, the proportion of males has been slowly increasing for twenty years. Three other phy.siographic divisions, namely, the Coast lowlands, the eastern Coastal plain, and the Appalachian valley, had an excess of females in 1880, but not in 1900. On the otiier hand, the per cent of males in the Rocky mountains has declined from 66.3 in 1880 to 58.4 in 1900, and in the Plateau region the decline has been yet more rapid, from 68.4: to 58.2 per cent, although there, as a result of the spai'seness of the population, the Indians present and counted in 1900, but not in 1880, have exerted more influence upon the total figures. In the Pacific valle}', on the other hand, the decrease in the proportion of males has been less rapid, so that this physiographic division, which ranked fourth in order of excess of males in 1880, Bull. No. 14—04 3 ranked second in 1900. In 1880 the diilerence between the extremes was 19.5 per cent and in 1900 it was only 8.9, or less than half as great. City and country. — The fact has already been noticed that as a rule the most densely settled states and coun- ties have a larger proportion of females than the sparseh' settled ones in the same region. Especially noteworthy in this respect is the District of Columbia, the onlj^ distinctly urban member of the state and terri- tory group. It has 13 more females in 1,000 of its pop- ulation than any other state or teri-itory, and 22 more than any other except the two most densely settled states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. (See Table v.) It may be that cities generally, like this particular city of Washington, have a larger proportion of females than the country districts in their vicinity. As previously explained, the line between city and country has been drawn for the purposes of this report at a population of 2,500. The sex distribution of the urban and rural population at the last census was as follows: T.ABLE X. — Population of continental United States living in cities having at least S,500 inhabitants and in country districts, classified by sex and per cent distribution by sex: 1900. population: 1900. Total. Male. Female. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Continental United States. 75,994,575 38,816,448 37,178,127 51.1 49.7 62.0 48.9 Cities having at least 2,500 in- 30,583,411 45,411,164 15, 190, 726 23,625,722 15, 392, 685 21,785,442 50.3 48 The preceding figures show that in 1900 among 1,000 inhabitants of cities there were 23 more females than among 1,000 inhabitants of countiy districts. On com- paring this difference with the figures in Table v, it will be seen that in the matter of sex distribution the differ- ence between city and country in 1900 was equal to that between New Jersey and Kansas, or taking Southern states for comparison, to that between North Carolina and Texas. It is clear, therefore, that in the United States the distribution of the sexes in city and country is very unlike. A similar difference between the proportions of the sexes in urban and rural districts appears in most of the countries of western Europe, and probalily indeed in most countries of the civilized world. Two note- worthy exceptions are found in the cities of Russia and India. Thus, of the three cities of Russia having over half a million inhabitants in 1897, in St. Petersburg there were 545 males to each 1,000 of the population; in Moscow, 567 males; and in Warsaw, 503. For all Russia the number of males in a thousand of the total population was 500. In India the preponderance of males in the great cities seems far greater than in Russia. In Calcutta, 16 according- to the preliminaiy report for the census of 1901, there were 643 males in everj^ 1,000 of the popu- lation, in Bomba}' there were 616, and in Madras 505. In Hongkong in 1901 there were 726 males to 1,000 population and in Manila in 1887 there were 682 males in 1,000 population. Apparently- the population of ori- ental cities as a rule has an excess of males and that of occidental cities as a rule an excess of females. This concentration of the female population in cities and of the males in country districts, when taken in con- nection with the facts that four-fifths of the urban popixlation of continental United States live in the North or West (for figures see Twelfth Census Bulletin No. 149, Table 21), and that in those regions the foreign born are very numerous, are predominautty male, and abound especially in the cities, seems unexpected enough to invite further analysis. For the figures on which the ratios of Table xi are based, see Tables 3 and 5 of this bulletin. Table XI. — Males in each 1,000 total population of cities having at least 2,500 inhabitants and of country districts, and excess of males in country districts, for main and minor geographic divisions: 1900. MALES IX EACH 1,000 TOTAL POP- ULATION: 1900. Excess of males Of cities. 01 cotm- try dis- tricts. try dis- tricts. 497 B20 23 493 488 49.5 478 481 472 .501 499 807 515 513 516 .506 .511 .503 526 .522 629 614 .508 621 .579 585 5.55 580 22 25 21 28 Northern South Atlantic 30 Southern South Atlantic 31 North Central division 24 23 AVestern North Central ... 22 South Central division 488 485 491 26 23 30 537 534 508 541 RopVy MnimtfliTi 61 47 Table xi shows that in each of the five main divisions and each of the eleven minor divisions the males are more numerous in countiy districts than thej- are in cities. The greatest difference is in the Rockj- Mountain division; the least in the Southern North Atlantic states — New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. The difference is greater in the South than in the North, suggesting that the influence of immigration, while not powerful enough to overcome the tendency, may reduce the differences that otherwise would be found. When the comparison between the sex distribution of the population of the cities and the country districts is carried down to the several states and territories, as in Tables 3 and 5 of this bulletin, it appears that there were only two states, namelj', North and South Carolina, in which the female population outside of cities having at least 2,500 inhabitants outnumbered the male popu- lation. But when attention is confined to the urban population, females were in the majoritj' in every state east of the Mississippi and in the three Southern states west of the Mississippi, the only two southern divisions of which it was not true being Oklahoma and Indian Territory. West of the Mississippi the generalization holds true also of Iowa, Kansas, and Utah. The two accompanj'ing maps (Maps 5 and 6, pages 17 and 18), one for the urltan and the other for the I'ural population, show the sex which is in the majority in each county. They have been limited to the territory in the eastern half of the country where alone the facts have enough significance to merit presentation in this form. Considering first Map 5 it appears that north of Mason and Dixon's line in the Atlantic states and north of the southern boundaiy of Tennessee in the Central states there are only a few scattered counties in which the females outnumber the males in the rural popula- tion. Most of such counties are found in the agricul- tural area of the Southern states from Virginia to Mis- sissippi, inclusive. Examination of a map showing the distribution of cotton growing,' or of one showing the counties in which negroes outnumber the whites,*^ indi- cates that there is a rough coincidence between the cot- ton belt, the black belt, and the counties in which a majority of the rural population is female. That female negroes in the United States outnumber the male has already- been mentioned. That female labor, especially of negroes, is employed in agriculture in the South to a degree unparalleled in the North is well known. These facts throw some light upon the areas in which the female i^opulation is in excess in the rural districts. Turning now to Map 6, that for urban population, one notices that north of Mason and Dixon's line and the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi river there are few large regions of contiguous counties no one of which contained any place of at least 2,500 inhabitants, with the exception of areas in northern Michigan and Wis- consin. Outside of the North Atlantic and Eastern North Central states, where the great majority of urban population is found, it is rather the exceptional county that contains any incorporated place of that size. The counties with a majority of males in their urban popu- lation lie mainly in the lumbering regions of northern New England, in the anthracite coal mining regions of eastern Pennsylvania, and the coal mining and iron working regions of western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. There is also a noticeable belt of such counties in a line stretching across northern Illinois to the INIis- sissippi river and eastward into Indiana and Michigan. But notwithstanding these exceptions, the marked pre- dominance of an excess of females in the urban popu- lation of the eastern half of the United States appears 1 Twelfth Census, Statistical Atlaa, Plate 165. - Censu.s Bulletin 8, Map 5. 17 Map 5.— counties WITH MAJORITY OF RURAL POPULATION MALE OR FEMALE: 1900. Map 6.— counties WITH MAJORITY OF URBAN POPULATION MALE OR FEMALE: 1900. 19 clearly from Map 6 and the contrast between this and the excess of males in the rural population comes out from a comparison of the two maps. The fact that in the matter of sex distribution the diflferences between the several states were less in 1900 than in 1S90 has already been mentioned. Whether the corresponding differences between city and country are decreasing is shown by the following table:' Table XII. — Per cent distribution by sex of the urban and the rural po2mlation of continental United States: 1900 and 1890. TOTiL POPULATION. 1000 1890 Per cent male. Per cent female. Per cent male. Per cent female. ■ Continental United States 51.1 48.9 51.2 48.8 Cities having at least 2, 500 inhabitants. 49.7 52.0 50.3 48..0 50.0 51.9 50.0 48.1 The preceding per cents show that the difference between city and country increased for both the male and the female population, from 1.9 in 1890 to 2.3 in 1900. The absolute figures contained in Tables 3 and 4 bring out this fact even more clearly. In the country districts in 1890 there was an excess of 1,519,559 males; in 1900 the corresponding excess was 1,840,280, so that the excess of males in the country districts of the United States increased between 1890 and 1900 by nearly a third of a million (320,721), while the excess of males in the total population of the United States (see Table iii) increased by onlj^ 111,833. On the other hand, in the total population of the cities in the United States in 1890 there wei'e 6,929 more males than females. But in 1900 in these cities there were 201,959 more females than males. Accordingly, while the excess of males in the country districts in- creased (1890 to 1900) by nearly a third of a million, the excess of females in the cities increased by over one- fifth of a million. These figui'es show clearly the in- creased separation of the sexes between city and coun- try, females congregating more and more in the former and males in the latter. To the foregoing argument it might be objected with apparent force that there were 1,861 places which had at least 2,500 inhabitants in 1900 and only 1,490 above that limit of size in 1890, and that it is illegitimate to compare the sex pi'oportion in these two different groups. It may be conjectured in advance that the objection is more specious than substantial, because the 371 small places which entered this class between 1890 and 1900 probably had nothing like as much influence upon the figures as did the changes which went on dur- ing the same decade in the 1,490 cities, many of them large and populous. But the objection is too weighty to be put aside without examination. To meet it the comparison has been limited to the places which had 'For detailed figures see Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this bulletin. at least 2,500 inhabitants in 1890 and the population of which in 1900 was known with distinction of sex. Even this method is not theoretically perfect, for it ignores the influence of changes in municipal bounda- ries between 1890 and 1900. But this influence may be disregarded as probabh" negligible in amount and cer- tainly incalculable from the available data. The results reached by this refined method are given in Tables 7 and 8 of the present bulletin. They show that in 1890 the cities which had at least 2,500 inhabitants at each of the last two censuses had an excess of 956 males, and that in 1900 the same cities had an excess of 223,702 females, a gain of 224,658 more females than males in the decade. By the other method the gain shown was 208,888. The country outside these cities had in 1890, 1,525,532 more males than females, and in 1900, 1,862,023, an increase of 336,491 more males than females in the decade as compared with one of 320,721 indicated by the less accurate method. The initial surmise is thus verified, since it appears that the conclusions drawn by the first method are not modified in any important way by the more refined analysis to which the figures are subjected in Tables 7 and 8. It was onlj' in 1890 and 1900 that the population of all places having at least 2,500 inhabitants was given with distinction of sex, and it is only for that ten-year period, therefore, that one can get a measure of the dissocia- tion of the sexes between city and countrj^ and of its increase. This dissociation is characteristic of the civilization of western Europe and of the countries into which it has expanded. The explanation usually offered for it is the greater demand for female labor in cities, espe- cially in domestic service, and the greater demand for male labor in country districts, especially in agriculture. There is no doubt that this fact explains most of the difference revealed by the figures. Whether it is a complete explanation may be indicated by ascertaining whether the excess of females in the cities and of males in the country districts appears only at and after the age at which the individual becomes self-supporting. To get light upon this fact the figures for sex vn&y be combined with those for age. The age classification of the population of the United States has been carried for the last two censuses only for the several states and territories and for the cities having at least 26,000 inhabitants. In introducing this refinement of analysis it is necessary, therefore, to draw the lino between city and country population at 25,000 instead of 2,500, and thus to class with the truly rural districts nearly 11,000,000 persons living in places of between 2,500 and 25,000 inhabitants. But as these constitute less than one-fifth of the entire population living outside of cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants, it is probable' that what is true of the latter class would hold true also for the really rural population. The results of this analysis of sex in combination with age an^ shown in Table 9 of this bulletin. In 1900 among children under 5 years of age living in cities of 20 at least 25,000 inhabitants, 503 in 1,000 were male; among children of the same age living outside of these cities, 506 were male. Inspection of this table shows that in 37 states and territories the child population could be thus analyzed. In nearly three-fourths of these (27 of the 37) the proportion of male children without the large cities was greater than that within them. This smaller proportion of male children in cities is found in each of the five great divisions of the country except the Western and in all the eight minor divisions east of the Rocky mountains except New England. These facts indicate that minor influences probably co- operate with that of migration to establish the marked excess of females in the urban population of all ages and that some at least of these influences act upon young children. Among the population exclusive of infants under 5 years of age, 33 states and territories out of 37 have a smaller proportion of males in the cities than outside of them; 23 of 37 have an actual excess of females in the large cities, while only 4 of the 49 have an actual excess of females outside of the large cities. At the censuses of Rhode Island and Massachusetts in 1895 the age and sex classification of the population Was tabulated and published for all towns and cities, and it is therefore possible to give for those states in 1895 the per cent of males among children in the urban and the rural districts. The number of children living in Rhode Island in places of less than 2,500 inhabitants is so small that a per cent based upon them would be untrustworthy. For this reason the Rhode Island figures have been combined with those of Massachu- setts. In the rural districts of those two states 50.8 per cent of the children under 5 years of age were male and 49.2 per cent female, while in the towns having at least 2,500 inhabitants only 50.2 per cent were male and 49.8 per cent female.' The Michigan census of 1894 makes it possible to get comparable results for that state. In the incorporated places having at least 2,500 inhabitants, among children under 5 years of age 50.8 per cent were male and 49.2 per cent, female. In the rest of the state among the chil- dren 51.3 per cent were male and 48.7 per cent female." The figures from these states indicate that where it is possible to carry the anal_ysis down to the lowest limit of population employed by the Federal Census as a dividing line between city and country- there is a larger proportion of male children in the country districts than in the cities and towns. Whether these facts point to a larger proportion of male births in the country districts, as is sometimes alleged, the figures at hand do not enable one to judge. The inference " 'The figures were: lu the rural districts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, total children under 5 years of age, 20,664; male, 10,506; female, 10,158. In places having at least 2,500 inhabit- ants, total children under 5 years of age, 252,197; male, 126,626; female, 125,571. ^The figures were: In the rural districts of Michigan, total children under 5 years of age, 166,963; male, 85,594; female, 81,369. In places having at least 2,500 inhabitants, total children under 5 years of age, 97.016; male, 49,237; female, 47,779. is warranted, however, that the proportion of males among j^oung children in the rural districts in the United States is slightly higher than in the cities and towns, and that this is one cause, although a minor one, in explaining the preponderance of females iu cities and of males in the country districts. In Table xiii the 160 cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants in 1900 are arranged in the order of de- creasing pel' cent of male population. The figures on which the per cents are based may be found in Table 2 of this bulletin. Table XIII. — Cities having at least 35,000 inhabitants, in order of decreasing per cent male in total population: 1900. Seattle, Wash South Omaha, Nebr Butte.Mont ^.. Portland, Oreg Spokane. Wash Superior. Wis Duluth, Minn Tacoma, Wash St. Joseph, Mo Pueblo, Colo East St. Louis, 111 San Francisco. Cal Schenectady, N. Y Sacramento, Cal Johnstown, Pa Gloucester, Mass Joplin, Mo Omaha, Nebr Youngstown, Ohio McKeesport, Pa Newcastle, Pa Joliet,IIl Kansas city, Kans St. Paul, M'inn Bayonne, N.J Lincoln. Nebr Pittsburg, Pa Allegheny, Pa — .. South Beiid, Ind New Britain, Conn Peoria, III Sioux City, Iowa Memphis,' Tenn Birmingham. Ala Council Bluffs, Iowa Fort Worth, Tex Hartford, Conn Minneapolis, Minn Chicago, 111 Houston, Tex Racine. Wis Elizabeth, N. J Hoboken, N.J Trenton, N. J Kansas City, Mo Springfield, Ohio Cleyeland, Ohio Columbus. Ohio Jersey City, N. J Waterbury, Conn Erie, Pa Little Rock, Ark Chattanooga, Tenn Scran ton. Pa Wilmington, Del Elmira, N. Y' St. Louis, Mo Dubuque, Iowa Akron, Ohio Chester, Pa Worcester, Mass Bridgeport, Conn New Hayen. Conn Auburn, N. Y Des Moines, Iowa Toledo, Ohio Dallas, Tex Brockton, Mass Denyer, Colo Atlantic City, N. J Buffalo, N.Y New Y'ork, N.Y' Dayenport, Iowa Reading. Pa Galyeston, Tex Dayton, Ohio Altoona. Pa Indianapolis, Ind Taunton. Mass Fitchburg, Mass Per cent male in total popula- tion: 1900. Paterson, N. J Los Angeles, Cal Milwaukee. Wis Jackson, Mich Canton, Ohio Chelsea, Mass Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Easton. Pa Philadelphia, Pa Bay City, Mich Cedar Knpids, Iowa Boston. Mass San Antonio. Tex Camden, N. J W^heeling, \y. Va Rockford. Ill Eyansville, Ind Detroit, Mich \\'ilkesljarre. Pa Norfolk, \'a Allentown, Pa Louisyille. Ky Lynn, Mass York, Pa Fort Wayne, lud Springfield, 111 Terre Haute, Ind G rand Rapids, JI ich Harrisburg, Pa Syracuse, N.Y Proyidence, R. I Cambridge. Mass Lawrence, 5Iass Saginaw, Mich Yonkers, N. Y' Knoxyille, Tenn Woonsocket, R.I La Crosse, Wis Quincy. Ill Salt Lake City, Utah Pawtucket. R. I Jacksonyille. Fla Cincinnati, Ohio Topeka, Kans Newport. Ky Passaic, N. J Fall Eiyer. Mass Oshkosh, Wis Albany, N.Y Baltimore, Md Sayannah, Ga Coyington, Ky Someryille, Mass Springfield, Mass Rochester. N. Y' -. Utica, N.Y Haverhill, Mass Holyoke, Mass New Bedford, Mass Nashville, Tenn Salem. Mass New Orleans, La Washington, D. C Lt)wcll, JIass Portland, Me Richmonrl, Va Lancaster, Pa Binghamton, N. Y' Lexington, Ky Mobile. Ala Manchester. N. H Maiden, INI ass Wil lianisitort. Pa Augusta, Ga Troy.N.Y' Atlanta, Ga Jlontgoraery, Ala Charleston, S. C Newton, Mass 21 That the prevailing' occupations have a very impor- tant influence upon the distribution of the sexes is strilj:ing-l3' illustrated by the diverse proportions in the adjacent cities of Troy and Schenectady, N. Y. Troy is engaged very largely in the manufacture of collars and cuffs, an industry that employs, in the main, female help. Probably in consequence of this fact there are only four cities in the United States in which the proportion of females in population is greater than it is in Troy. Schenectady, on the other hand, owes its recent rapid growth very largely to the elec- trical indu.stry. In that industry the wage-earners are mainly men. In consequence, Schenectadj' has a larger proportion of males in its population than in anj^ other city east of the Mississippi river except Superior and East St. Louis. The table also suggests that the demand and supply of domestic service is, perhaps, the most important single factor in dissociating the sexes. This is illus- trated by the fact that the three cities with the largest proportion of females in their population are Newton, Mass. (552 per thousand); Charleston, S. C. (541 per thou.sand); and Montgomery, Ala. (540 per thousand). These three cities, especially the first, are primarily well to do residential centers and less notable for man- ufacturing or trade. The large number of southern cities with a very high proportion of females in their population appears clearl}^ in Table xiii. Of the en- tire li.st less than one-fifth (29 of 160) are in the South, but of the 20 with largest per cent of females half are in the South. SEX AND AGE. As there were nearly one and two-thirds million more males than females of all ages in continental United States,' it naturally would be expected that there would be more males than females at each age. That this is not the case appears from Table xiv, which shows the proportion of males and females in each 1,000 of the total population of the specified age.^ Table xiv shows that notwithstanding the marked excess of males in the entire population there are two periods of life^^namely, from 15 to 24 and from 80 to the close of life — in which the reported females are more numerous than the males. A more exact statement regarding the ages at which the number of females exceeds that of males may be derived from Twelfth Census, Vol. II, page xxxvi. Table XVI. This shows that in continental United States the females at the ages of 10 to 25 (except 21), 70, 75, 80, 82, and 84 to the end of life were more numerous than the males of corresponding age. The greater number of females reported at ages over 83 may be accepted as correct and explained by the greater longevit}' of the female population. The greater number of females at the ages of 70, 75, and 80 is due probably to the greater concentration on round numbers on the part of aged women in stating their ages. 'Table m. ^For fifiures from which these proportions have been computed, see Twelfth Census, Abstract, Table 11. Table XIV. — Number of males mid females in 1,000 of each specified age group of the p)opulation of continental United States: 1900. QUINQUENNIAL AGE PERIOD. number in each 1,000 popula- tion: 1900. EXCESS of— Males. Females. Males. Females. All ages 511 489 22 Age known 510 605 605 605 496 494 509 522 527 531 532 532 518 512 512 509 503 486 460 411 386 363 635 490 495 495 495 604 506 491 478 473 469 468 468 482 488 488 491 497 614 540 689 614 637 365 20 10 10 10 Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 8 12 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 18 44 64 62 64 64 36 24 24 18 6 30 to 34 vears 36 to 39 years 40 to 44 yeare 45 to 49 years 50 to 64 vears 60 to 64 years 66 to 69 vears 70 to 74 years 80 to 84 years 28 80 178 228 274 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 vears 95 to 99 vears 100 years and over Age unknoAvn 270 Whether this concentration was greater also on the part of women under 70 years of age can not be deter- mined from these figures. It may have been, and j^et not sufficiently so to make the reported number of women greater than that of men. To compare the sexes in this respect a measure of concentration is needed. It ma_y be found by the following method: Subtract from the number of persons reported at each multiple of 5 one-fifth of the total number of persons reported for the five-year period of which the multiple of 5 is the middle year. The remainder is the estimated number whose age was reported erroneously at the mul- tiple of 5. This would vary with the total population reporting and with the degree of inaccuracy. By com- puting the per cent it makes of the total number in the five-year period the former cause of variation is elimi- nated and the result is an approximate measure of con- centration on round numbers. The results reached by this comparison between the sexes for continental United States are stated, as follows:'' UOUSD NUiMBEK. MEASURE OF CON- CENTRATION ON SPECIFIED ROUND NUMBER IN AGE RETURNS. For males. For females. 25 1.1 4.7 3.0 5.2 4.5 6.4 3.3 7. 7 3.2 5.7 3.4 4.6 1.3 4.6 1.4 4.3 2.5 5.0 3.9 7.0 3.6 8.7 4.2 7.4 4.7 7.1 5.S 8.6 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 65 70 76 SO 85 90 'For figures from which the oomputation has been made, see Twelfth Census, Vol. II, Table xvi. 22 The preceding statement shows that at the ages of 30, 35, 40, and 45 erroneous replies, as indicated by concen- tration on round numbers, are more conmion among males than among females; that at the ages of 25, and of 60 and over, the concentration on round numbers is more marked in the case of females; and that the differ- ence between the sexes increases with advancing age. As contributing to explain this greater concentration on round numbers in the statements of the ages of men 30 to 45 years of age, it may be mentioned that the enu- merators, who visit the houses mainly during the work- ing hours, are met and answered by women more com- monly than by men. In consequence the proportion of men of working age, whose ages are reported by other persons than themselves, must be greater than the pro- portion of women. As to the general rule that errone- ous answers to the age question are made more often by women, it maj^ be noted that errors are made in larger proportion by illiterates than by persons possess- ing the rudiments of education, and the female sex is more illitei'ate than the male. Perhaps a larger propor- tion of women are unwilling to state their age. In such cases either the incorrect answers received or the estimated age entered bj^ the enumerators would be probably a multiple of five. But neither the greater longevity of women nor the greater tendency to state their ages in round numbers can be used to explain the greater number of women between 16 and 25 years of age. It is most improbable that when the reported number of persons in the country between 6 and 15 years of age at any one census shows, as it uni- formlj' does, a decided excess of males, the survivors of this gi'oup ten years later, namely, those reported as from 16 to 25 years of age at the following census, should really have a decided excess of females, or that the immigrants of that age coming into the country should be so pi'edom- inantly female as to explain the difference. About 54 per cent of the immigrants of all ages are male. The onljf tenable explanation of the excess of females at ages 16 to 25 is that it is an error. It may arise from a tend- ency on the part of men 16 to 25 j-ears of age to state their age as below or above those years, or from a tend- ency on the part of women or girls not of those ages to return their age l)etween those limits or from both. The first hypothesis is improbable, and the best explanation is that a certain number of women not between 16 and 25 years old report themselves at ages between those limits. The probable reason is that manj- women prefer to pass as at the age at which marriage is most common. It has been pointed out in the English census that there is an excess in the reported number of English women 21 to 25 years of age. ' In Cuba it was found by the census of 1899 that there was a decided excess in the number of women 15 to 19 j^ears of age, and that this was miich more marked at the ages 15 to 17 than for the ages 18 and 19.^ The difference between results in England and ' Census of England and Wales, 1891, General Report, page 28. ^ War Department, Census of Cuba, 1899, pages 95 and 96. those in Cuba may be connected with the later average age at which women marry in England. The explana- tion suggested is supported somewhat b}"- the facts that among the non-Caucasian population of theUnited States, over nineteen-twentieths of which is negro, and in which the males for all ages outnumber the females, the excess of females appears as earl}' as the age of 14, and is main- tained for everj^ age except that of 21 years from 14 to 26, inclusive, while among the white population the excess of females does not manifest itself until the age of 18 is reached. One ma}' perhaps note an ascending scale in this particular roughly connected with the age of mar- riage. The excess of females among the total colored begins at the age of 14; that among the native white of foreign born parents, at the age of 15; that among the foreign born white (notwithstanding the marked excess of males in the total foreign born white of ail ages), at the age of 16; and that among the native white of native parents, at the age of 18. SEX AND RACE. Of the four great races in the United States — white, negro, Indian, and Mongolian — each except the negro has an excess of males." AVith Mongolians and whites this is due mainly if not entirely to immigration, but the number of immigrant Indians is so small — less than 1 per cent of the entire number in the country — that the excess of male Indians can hardly be ascribed to that cause. If attempt be made to exclude its influence by confining attention in each case to the natives, it appears that among native whites, native Indians, and native Mongolians, there is an excess of males.' But among the 9,010 Chinese reported as born in this country nearlj^ three-fourths (73.9 per cent) were re- ported as male. This is an incredible proportion. Either the sex or the birthplace has been erroneously reported, or if correctly reported, erroneously tabu- lated. That the former is the more probable hypothesis is indicated b}' the fact that in one case in which 202 errors in the ultimate results were traced to ascertain their source it was foiuid that 181 or alx)ut nine-tenths were made in the enumeration and 21 or only about one-tenth were made in course of tabulation.^ This a priori probability is confirmed b}^ evidence to be pre- sented later (page 23), that many foreign born Chinese in the United States have a strong motive for reporting themselves as native. It is likely, therefore, tliat the errors thus revealed in the results were errors made in the enumeration and not errors made in the office. In reporting nativity there seems to be more chance of error than in reporting sex. If it be assumed that the errors which certainly exist were made by the enumer- ators in reporting nativity, then several thoti.sand male Chinese really born abroad were reported as natives of the United States. If this be accepted, some clew to 'Twelfth Census, Abstract, Table 3. 'Twelfth Census, Abstract, Table 5. ^See "Ncte on American Census Practice" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. LXIV, page 529 (September, 1901). 23 the magnitude of the error maj' be found by aid of two assumptions: (1) That the true number of Chinese born in the United States and remaining alive and in this country until June, 1900, was equall}' divided between the two sexes. (2) That the tendency to report foreign born Chinese as native applied equally to each sex. On these assumptions the number and per cent of errors in reporting the nativity of the Chinese are easily computed. The former is found to be 4,548 and the latter 5.3.' A satisfactory explanation of these erroneous figures is found in the last report of the Commissioner of Immi- gration. He shows that perhaps the most important way which Chinese immigrants have devised for evading the exclusion laws is for the foreigner to enter the country from Canada or Mexico, submit to arrest for violation of the law, and on trial to present Chinese testimony that he was born in the United States and is thus bj' birthright a citizen to whom the exclusion law has no application. A special report on the subject to the Commissioner of Immigration in 1903 says: "B}^ ' The following solution of this interesting mathematical prob- lem has been kindly furnished b}' Professor James McMahon, of Cornell Universit}-. The numerical data will be found in Twelfth Census, Abstract, Tables 3, 4, and 5. Let F = true number of foreign born Chinese in the United States in 1900; N = the true number of Chinese native of and resident in. the United States in 1900; r = the per cent of F who falsely claimed nativity; and7i = the per cent of females in F. Then from the census figures, by aid of the two assumptions already given, the following four equations may be written down: (1) F+N=89,863, the number of resident Chinese; 7' (2) FXrnQ+N=9,010, the number claiming nativity; )i N (3) FXTQQ-fo" =4,522, the number of female residents; (71 \ r !N FXjQQ j jgQ+2 =2,353, the number of females claiming nativity. By subtracting (2) from (1) and (4) from (3) we liave (5) f(i (6) (fxj;^o)( and dividing (6) by (5) 4) =80,853 T^) =2,169; )t=2.68. Multiplying (3) by two and subtracting the product from (1) gives W hence =80.82. F=85,401, N=4,462, 7'=5.325, and the total number of foreign born Chinese who were erroneously returned by the census enumerators as natives of the United States was 4,548, of whom 4,426 were males and 122 were females. Bull. Xii. 14—04 4 this method thousands of Chinese — upon the admission of the Chinese themselves — have been allowed not only to enter and remain in the United States, but declared to be native born citizens thereof, each with a vote and qualified to participate in the political affairs of this countrv." This IN doubtless the true explanation of the incredi- ble figures of the census. Many Chinese immigrants, knowing that it would be to their advantage to pass as native Americans, falseh' reported themselves as born in the United States. The foregoing indications that a considerable propor- tion of Chinese born abroad were erroneouslj' returned as born in the United States suggest that a similar ex- planation may account for the excess of males in the native white population. It is a noteworthy fact shown in the following table that at each census for which the information has been reported the males outnumbered the females in the native white population of the United States. Table XV. — Native loldte population of continental Untied Stales classified by sex: 1850 to 1900. 1900 1890 1880, 1870 1860 1850 NATIVE WHITE POPULATION. 56, 59.5, 379 ib, 862, 023 36, 813, 291 28, 095, 665 22,869,805 17,279,875 Male. Female 28, 686, 450 23,2.51,474 18,609,265 14,086,509 11,643,081 8, 765, 352 27, 908, 929 22, 607, 549 18,234,026 14,009,156 11,226,724 8,514,523 Per of males. cent male. 777,521 50.7 646, 925 50.7 375,239 60.5 77, 353 50.1 416,3.57 50.9 2.50,829 50.7 Per cent fe- male. 49.3 49.3 49.5 49.9 49.1 49.3 If the census returns on this point may be accepted as correct. Table xv indicates that among the native white population the males have decided!}^ outnumbered the females for half a century. Even the decimation of the male population bj' the Civil War was insufficient to bring the number of native white males in 1870 down to that of the native white females, and since that date the excess of males has apparently increased until in 1900 it was in absolute numbers ten times as great as in 1870 and far greater than ever before and relative to popu- lation greater than at any previous census except that of 1860. The present writer in analyzing the figures of pre- vious censuses on this subject reached the following conclusion in 1899: " It seems probable that a certain number of foreign born residents were reported as natives, and that this was more common among males than among females, either because they were more numerous, less informed, or less veracious, or because they were less likely to be seen personally by the enu- merators. * * * This tendency to call oneself a 24 native apparentlj- increases with age and the progress- ive Americanization it involves."' The new evidence brought to light by the figures for the Twelfth Census corroborates the conclusions reached at that time. Notwithstanding the prima facie evidence of the figures, one can not afiirni with confidence that there is any tendency to an excess of males in the na- tive white any more than there is in the native Chinese population of the United States. The negroes and the Indians, the two races practically unaffected b.y migra- tion, are the onlj^ ones about which the census returns on this point may be deemed trustworthy. Among them, as alreadj- indicated, we find an excess of females among the negi'oes and of males among the Indians. SEX AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. In 1900 there were 13,367,147 persons reported as attending school in continental United States. Of these 6,668,823 were male and 6,698,324 were female.' These figures show that among each 1,000 persons of all ages in school, 499 were male and 501 were female, a slight excess of females. The difference between the two sexes in 1900 was so slight as to be insignificant, but the trend of change during the preceding ten years and therefore the probable direction of the present movement are more important. In 1890 there were 11,674,878 persons in school, of whom 5,954,142 were male and 5,720,736 were female.^ In other words, at that date, 510 persons out of every 1,000 attending school were male and 490 were female. In 1890, there- fore, among each 1,000 persons in school there were 20 more males than females; in 1900, in a gi'oup of the same size, there were 2 more females than males. Or, stating" the same change in terms of increase, the male school population increased from 1890 to 1900 bj^ 12.0 per cent; the female by 17.1 per cent. This change seems important enough to deserve more detailed anal3'sis. In 1890 an excess of males among persons in school was found in each of the five main divisions of continental United States. Indeed, at that date there were, besides the District of Columbia, only four states, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Nevada, in which the female school population outnum- bered the male.* By 1900 the number of such states and territories had increased to 27.'^ Their location appears on the following map: 'American Economic Association, New Series, No. 2, "The Federal Census, Critical Essays b}- Members of the American Economic Association," page 17. ^Twelfth Census, Abstract, Table 16. 'Eleventh Census, Population, Part II, page xxvii. * Eleventh Census, Population, Part II, Table 18. =■ Twelfth Census, Abstract, Table 56. Map 7. — States and territories having an excess of females in the popu- lation attending school: 1900. This map shows that in every Southern state except West Virginia, Kentuckj^ and Oklahoma the female school population outnumbers the male; that in five North Atlantic states, including the four most populous ones, the same is true; and that the largest area with excess of males in its school population is in the North Central group. This decrease between 1890 and 1900 in the propor- tion of males among persons in school applies to all distinguishable races. T.\BLE X\'I. — Proportion of males in the school population of conti- nental United States classified by race: 1900 and 1890. MALES IN EACH 1,000 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL. KACE. 1900 181I0 Decrease: 1890 to 1900. White .502 465 532 512 485 568 10 20 Indian and Mongolian 36 The decrease appears in each of the three classes, but it has been much greater among negroes, Indians, and Mongolians than among whites. These figures show that among whites there were 4 more males than females in each 1,000 persons in school in 1900, and that the slight excess of females in the school population of all classes is due to the great excess of females in the negro school population counter- balancing the slight excess of males among the white school population and the great excess of males among the Indian and Mongolian .school population. Among 1,000 negi'oes attending school there are 70 more females than males. It is possible that this ma}' be a geograph- ical rather than a racial difference; in other words, the excess of females might be characteristic of the South 25 rather than of the negro. To test this the white school population has been divided into northern and south- ern; the re.sult shows practically no geographic differ- ence within that race. Among 1,000 whites attending school in the North 602 are male; among 1,000 in the South 504 ai'e male. The tendency to an increased proportion of females is equally marked in each section, the proportion of males having fallen in the South from 514 in 1890 to 504 in 1900 and in the North from 512 in 1890 to 602 in 1900. The difference then is not merely geographical. Among 1,000 negroes attending school the females are in excess by YO; among 1,000 southern whites attending school the males are in excess bj' 8. The decrease in the proportion of males in school, which is true of all races, is true also of the four age classes for which comparable returns for 1890 and 1900 are to be had. This is shown by Table xvii. Table XVII. — Proportion of males in the school jiopulation of conti- nental United States classified by age periods: 1900 and 1890. MALES IN EACH 1,000 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL. AGE PERIOD. 1900 1890 Decrease: 1890 to 1900. All ages - 499 510 11 .502 505 498 490 510 607 505 528 8 5 to 9 vears 2 1-5 vears'and over . 38 These figures indicate that up to the age of 10 years more boys than girls are in school. But the slight dif- ference is no more than can be explained by the fact that in each 1,000 children 5 to 9 years old there are 10 more boys than girls. The notable decrease between 1890 and 1900 in the proportion of males among school children is due mainl}^ to the disproportionate increase of school girls 15 years old or more. In 1890 in each 1,000 persons of this age period in school there were 56 more boys than girls; in 1900 the sex proportion had so changed that there were 20 more girls than boj'S. To show the almost complete universality of this change in the sex composition of the population at least 15 years of age attending school, Table 12 has been prepared. If persons of this age attending school ma}' be regarded as receiving what may be looselj' termed higher education, then the number of j'oung men receiving higher education increased, 1890 to 1900, 3.7 per cent and the number of young women increased dur- ing the same decade 20.5 per cent. In several states, especially of the Western division, the change in the per cent of females was very great — New Mexico, 7.5; Idaho, 6.3; Iowa, 6.2; Washington, 6.1. In the fol- lowing map the states in which more than half the per- sons seeking higher education by attending school after the age of 15 were women, are indicated by hatching. Map S. — Stales and territories having an excess of females in the popu- lation at least 15 years of age attending school: 1900. The summaiy of results of Table 12, by main geo- graphic divisions, shows the following figures: DIVISION. MALES IN EACH 1,000 PER- SONS AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL. 1900 1890 Decrease; 1S90 to 1900. 490 528 38 North Atlantic division 481 478 500 493 478 512 505 545 524 520 31 27 45 South Central division 31 42 The greatest decrease in the proportion of males among those pursuing what maj' I'oughly be termed higher education was in the North Central division, which is the one in which the proportion of males in 1890 was greatest. The net result of all the changes was to reduce the difference between the extremes in 1900 to little more than half that in 1890. The detailed figures for the minor divisions and the states and terri- tories of continental United States will be found in Table 12. It shows that in all but four of the states and territories — District of Columbia, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Nevada — the proportion of males among persons at least 15 }'ears of age attending school was less, and in most cases much less, in 1900 than in 1890. The tables of the Eleventh and Twelfth censuses make it possible to carrj' the analysis one step farther bj' dis- tinguishing the sex of school attendants in cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants and in the rest of the country. The following table summarizes the results: 26 Table XVIII —POPULATION AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL DURING THE CENSUS YEAR CLASSI- FIED BY SEX AND PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY SEX, IN CITIES HAVING AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS AND SMALLER CITIES AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS: 1900 AND 1890. POPULATION AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL DURING THE CENSUS YEAR ll'OU 1S90 Per cent male. Per cent female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1900 1890 1900 1890 2,605,426 1,276,810 1,328,616 2,333,146 1,230,863 1,102,293 49.0 52.8 61.0 47.2 434,465 2, 170, 961 205,774 1,071,036 228, 691 1,099,925 275,935 2,067,211 129,502 1,101,361 146,433 965,860 47.4 49.3 46.9 63.5 62.6 60.7 53.1 46.6 The table shows that the per cent of males among the older scholars in large cities has slightlj^ increased, but that outside of the cities it has greatlj^ decreased. The difference between city and country in this respect in 1900(1.9 per cent) was less than one-third of what it was in 1890(6.6 per cent). The great change therefore is one that has been at work outside of the large cities, but not in them. To determine whether this change has occurred in all parts of the country, the analysis has been made for each of the five main divisions. MALES IN EACH 1,000 PERSONS AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION. In cities hav- ing at least 25,000 inhab- itants. In smaller cities and country districts. I ncrease(-r) or de- crease (-) in ten years. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and 1900 1890 ISOO 1890 country districts. Continental United States. 474 469 493 635 + 6 -42 North Atlantic division South Atlantic division North Central division South Central division 487 451 473 441 448 484 440 468 422 462 477 480 604 496 486 622 511 562 628 631 -1- 3 +11 + 5 -1-19 -14 -45 -31 -48 -32 -45 In each of the five divisions except the AVestern the proportion of males among the older scholars in the large cities increased between 1S90 and 1900, while outside the large cities the proportion of males de- creased in every division. Onlj' in the smaller cities and country districts of the North Central states do the males outnumber the females among the persons at least 15 3'ears of age attending school. The figures indicate that in this matter conditions outside of the large cities, during the decade from 1890 to 1900, have been rapidlj' approaching those within them. The decreasing proportion of males among persons in school, and the fact that thej^ now constitute a minor- ity of the school population, may be further illustrated by comparing the number of either sex in school with the number of the same sex and of age to attend school. This may be done by dividing the number 5 to 20 years of age in school by the total number of persons 5 to 20 years of age inclusive. Among male children the per cent attending school in 1900 (50.2) was slightly less than that among female children (50.9). One reason for this slight difference is suggested by the following table: Table XIX. — Per cent attending school in the population of continental United States of each sex in specified age period: 1900.'- AGE PERIOD. PER CENT ATTEND- ING SCHOOL OF TOTAL POPULA- TIONINSPECIFIED AGE PERIOD: 1900. Male. Female. 60.2 48.1 78.8 39.7 12.1 60.9 48.1 81.0 44.0 18 to 20 vear'^ 11.2 ' The figures on ivhlch these per cents are based may be found in Twelfth Census, Abstract. Tables 14 and 15. At ages below 10 the proportion of boj^s and of girls attending school is the same, from 10 to 17 the propor- tion of girls is larger, and from 18 to 20 the proportion of boys is larger. The explanation probably is that at ages when earning mone3' is possible the proportion of boj^s kept from school for that purpose is rather greater than the proportion of girls. But of those boys who attend school a larger proportion go on to get a higher education in order to fit themselves for a more remunerative occupation. This explanation derives some support from an examination of the numbers at- tending school after reaching the age of 21 ^-ears. The males of voting age reported as attending school were 11.3 per cent as manj^ as the males 16 to 17 years of age attending school. The females at least 21 years of age reported as attending school were onl}- 5.9 per cent as many as the females 15 to 17 j^ears of age attending school. The slightly larger proportion of girls of all ages in school is due, then, to the fact that a larger pro- portion of them remain in school after the age at which the earning of money usually' begins, offset parth^ but not entirely, by the larger proportion of boys who go on to some form of higher education involving school attendance after the age of 18 is passed. ]n the following table the computation has been extended to the two main races in the United States, the white and the negro: 27 Table XX. — Per cent' attending school in the while and tlie negro popidalion of continental United Stales of each sex in each specified age period: 1900.^ AGE PERIOD. 5 to 20 years . 5 to 9 years . . 10 to 14 years l.T to 17 vears 18 to 20 years PER CENT ATTENDING SCHOOL OP TOTAL POPULATION IN SPECIFIED AGE PE- RIOD: 1900. White. Male. Female. 63.4 52.0 42.0 13.0 53.9 51,9 84.8 45.7 11.8 Negro. Male. Female. 29.2 23.2 50.6 23.8 6.2 32.7 24.2 57.0 32.9 7.8 ^The figures on which these per cents are based may be found in Twelfth Census, Vol. II, Tables .xvi and Li. These figures show that the difference Vjetweeu the sexes in the per cent of children 5 to 20 years of age attending school was slightl}' less for the whites and much greater for the negroes than the average for the entire population. The differences between the sexes among whites correspond closelj^ to those for the entire population, but among negro children at each age the per cent of girls attending school is larger than that of boys. The difference with children under 10 years of age is comparatively^ slight, but above that age it is marked. Among children 15 to 17 years of age, for example, less than one-fourth of the negro boys are attending school, while nearlj^ one-third of the negro girls were thus reported. The analysis ma}' be carried one step farther by dis- criminating between native white and foreign born white, as is done in the following table: T.vBLE XXI. — Per cent attending school in the native and the foreign born white pojndation of continental United Slates of each sex in each specified age period: 1900. ' AGE PERIOD. 5 to 20 years. 5 to 9 years. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 vears PER CENT ATTENDING SCHOOL OF TOTAL POPULATION IN SPECIFIED AGE PERIOD: 1900, Native white. Male. 54,6 51.9 83,7 43,9 14,3 Female. 55.2 51,8 85.4 48.1 13.1 Foreign born white. Male. 32.2 58,4 73,4 16,4 2,9 Female. 30.1 57.9 72.6 15.8 2.4 'The ligures on wliich these per cents are based may be found in Twelfth Census, Vol. II, Tables ,\vi and i.i. Here, again, tlic figures for the native white agree in the main with those for the entire population and the white population. But among the immigrant white population, by a noticeable anomaly, the projiortion of children in school is greater for boys than for girls, and this holds for every age. Whether the fact is due to the greater demand for the labor of girls in the North and in cities where immigrants are most numerous, or is due to the more crying need of Americanization on the part of foreign Ijorn boys, who in later years will more inevitably be subject to the competitive struggle for a place and for advancement in the industrial system, can not be learned from the figures. The age classification in the statistics of school attend ance in 1890 differed from that employed in 1900. Con- sequently, in the following table only the first two age periods are comparable with those in the preceding tables: Table XXII. — Per cent attending school in the population of continental , United Stales of each sex in each specified age period: 1890.^ AGE PERIOD. 5 to 19 years . 5 to 9 years . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears PER CENT ATTEND- I.NG SCHOOL OF TOTAL POPULA- TION IN SPECI- FIED AGE PE- RIOD: 1890. Male. Female. 54.7 49,3 79.2 34,2 63.8 49.1 80.3 31.5 1 The figures on which these per cents are based may be found in Eleventh Census, Population, Part II, Tables 1 and 10. In 1890 the proportion of male children 5 to 19 years of age attending school was slightlj' greater than the proportion of female children of the .same age; in 1900, as already shown, the reverse was true of the age period 5 to 20. The difference may be due entirely, as it cer- tainly was partly, to the fact that in 1900 relative!}' fewer boys and more girls 10 to 14 years of age were reported as in school. Some further light is thrown on the situation b}- car- rying together the age and the race classification. In doing so, however, it is necessary to combine the figures for negroes with those for Indians and Mongolians, the reason being that in 1890 the age classification Mas not i-eported for the negroes alone. In computing the per cents it has been assumed that all persons attending school were less than 25 j'ears of age. Table XXIII. — Per cent attending school, in the total, the white, and the negro, Indian, and Mongolian population of continental United States of both sexes, and of each sex in each specified age period: 1900 and 1890.^ PER CENT ATTENDING SCHOOL OF TOTAL POPULA- TION OF SPECIFIED RACE, SE.X, AND AGE: 1900 AND 1890. RACE AND AGE. Total. Male. Female. 1!)00 18i)0 WOO 1S90 1900 1800 Total: 41.8 48.1 79.8 17.5 44.4 52.0 84.0 18.4 25.9 23.9 54.0 11,6 42.6 49.2 79.7 18.3 45.2 53.4 84.6 19.2 26.7 24.2 51.7 12.4 41.7 48.1 78.8 17.3 44.4 52.0 83,2 IS, 4 24,6 23.4 60.9 10.1 43.2 49.3 79.2 19.4 46.0 53.6 84.3 20.5 26.1 23.8 49,9 11.7 42.0 48.1 81.0 17.7 44.4 51.9 84.8 18.4 27.2 24.3 .57.) 13,0 5 to 9 years 49 1 15 to 24 years . . . 17 ■' White— 5 to 24 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 21 years Neprro, Indian, and Mongolian— 5 to 2 1 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 44.4 53.3 S4.9 17.8 27.3 24.6 53.6 13.0 1 For nb.soUite figures see Tnble 13. 28 The preceding table shows that the decrease between 1890 and 1900 in the per cent of population 5 to 24 years of age attending school applied to both races but not to both sexes, there being no decrease for the total female or the white female population and onlj' a very slight decrease for the non-Caucasian female. For the age period 5 to 9 there was a slight decrease for each race and sex; for the age period 10 to 14 there was a slight increase for the total, which was the resultant of a slis'ht deci'ease among whites and a decided increase too ^ among non-Caucasians. The decrease among whites 10 to 14 resulted from a decrease of 11 per 1,000 among white males and 1 per 1,000 among white females. The decided increase among non-Caucasians was due to an increase of 10 per 1,000 among males and 35 per 1,000 among females. For the age pei'iod 15 to 24 there was a decrease for each race, the decrease for whites being the resultant of a decrease of 31 per 1,000 among males and an increase of 6 per 1,000 among females, and the decrease for non- Caucasians being the resultant of a decrease of 16 per 1,000 among males and no change among females. All available evidence points to the conclusions that the tendenc}' to seek an education and especially a higher education through school attendance is stronger with girls than with bo}" s, that this difference pervades nearly all distinguishable areas and quite all distinguishable classes, and that it is producing a slight increase in the proportion of females attending school at all ages and a decided increase in the proportion among those at least 15 j^ears of age. SEX AND DEATH RATE. The only trustworthy information regarding the death rate of the sexes in the United States, obtained at the Twelfth Census, is derived from figures for the registration area, which included in 1900 a popula- tion of 28,807,269, or 37.0 per cent of the population of continental United States. This area included 14,393,332 males, among whom, during the census year, ^72,819 deaths were reported, indicating a death rate for males of 19.0 per 1,000. In the same area there re- sided 14,413,937 females, among whom, in the census year, 239,850 deaths were reported, showing a death rate for females of 16.6 per 1,000. These figures indi- cate that the death rate of males in the registration area, and therefore probablj'- in the entire United States, was about one-seventh higher than that of females, a difference which corresponds closely, with that between the death rates of the two sexes in most of the countries of Europe. The following table shows the population, deaths, and death rates, with distinction of sex, for the registra- tion cities — that is, the 346 cities having at least 8,000 inhabitants for which the registration of deaths under local laws and ordinances was found to be sufficiently accurate for use b}" the Bureau of the Census — and also for the rest of the registration area. Table XXIV. — Population, deaths, and dcatli raie per 1,000 for each sex in the 346 registration cities and in the rest of the registration area: 1900. POPULATION: 1900. 346 registration cities. . . ' 10, 743, 374 Rest of registration area . 3, 649, 958 Female. 10,917,257 3, 496, 680 DEATHS: 1900. Male. Female. 215,115 57, 704 187,551 62,299 DEATH . rate: 1900. Male. Fe- male. 20.0 15.8 17.2 15.0 In the registration cities the male death rate exceeds the female by 2.8 per 1,000, while in the registration area outside of these cities the male death rate is in excess b\' onl}' 0.8 per 1,000. In the cities the male death rate is to the female as 116 to 100; outside the cities the ratio is only 105 to 100. This marked differ- ence in the ratio of the death rate of the two sexes in cit}^ and country is probably not compensated b}^ an equivalent difference in the ratio of the birth rates of the two sexes. If so, it probablj^ contributes to main- tain the large and growing excess of females in cities and of males in country districts alread}' revealed by the figures. Some additional light is thrown upon this difference hj considering the influence of age as well as that of sex. Results are shown in the following table: Table XXV.— POPULATION, DEATHS, AND DEATH RATE PER 1,000 IN THE REGISTRATION AREA, BY SEX AND AGE PERIODS: 1900. population: 1900. deaths: 1900. death bate: 1900. AGE PERIOD. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Ratio of male death rate to fe- male death rate=100. The registration area: Under 1 year 617, 918 2, 945, 368 .5,471,791 5, 445, 689 6,243,793 4,046,663 4,309,590 1,267,355 311, 672 1,481,843 2,734,692 2,601,992 2,641,381 2,108,518 2, 174, 131 697,890 306,246 1, 463, 525 2, 737, 099 2, 843, 597 2, 602, 412 1,937,345 2, 135, 4.59 669, 465 102,220 153,571 23, 630 34,780 47,121 46, 619 95, 303 109, 781 57,251 84, 028 12,046 17,489 24, 977 26,190 52, 483 54,479 44,969 69, 543 11,584 17,291 22, 144 20,509 42, 820 55,302 165.4 62.1 4.3 6.4 9.0 11.5 22.1 86.6 183.7 56.7 4.4 6.7 9.5 12.4 24.1 9L1 146.8 47.6 4.2 6.1 8.6 10.5 20.1 82.6 126 119 105 110 112 118 120 110 Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years : 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 29 Table xxv shows that for each age period for which the Bureau of the Census has returns, the death rate for males is decidedly higher than that for females. The last column of the table shows, however, that this difference is least at the ages of 5 to 14, greatest during the first year of life, and increases with the remoteness of the age period in either direction from the minimum at 5 to 14. The census figures do not allow any classification by sex and smaller age groups, but those for Massachu- TABLE XXVI.— DEATH KATE PER 1,000,000 FOR MALES AND FEMALES CLASSIFIED BY SINGLE YEARS OF AGE IN MASSACHUSETTS, ENGLAND AND WALES, PRUSSIA, AND NORWAY, BASED ON THE MORTALITY AT THE DATES SPECIFIED. setts'and for certain foreign countries have been made the basis for the construction of life tables showing the death rate by sex for each year of age. T3"pical results of these compilations appear in the following table, showing the death rate for males and females at each year of age, taken from a recent life table of Massachusetts prepared by the secretarj^ of the state board of health, from the last English life table, from a Norwegian, and from a Prussia'n life table: YEAR OF AGE. year . . 1 year-. 2 years . 3 years . 4 years , 5 years . 6 years . 7 years . 8 years . 9 years . 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years 21 years 22 years 23 years 24 years 25 years 26 years 27 years 28 years 29 years 30 years 31 years 32 years 33 years 34 years 35 years 36 years 37 years 38 years 39 years 40 years 41 years 42 years 43 years 44 years 45 years 46 years 47 years 48 years 49 years 60 years 61 years 62 years 63 years Massachusetts: 1893 to 1897. Males. Fe- males. 17, 233 4,221 2,009 1,401 1,078 812 653 535 446 385 325 292 277 296 361 427 4S8 529 575 619 065 708 749 789 821 847 869 888 908 928 946 961 973 983 99G 1,012 1,032 1,052 1,073 1,095 1,117 1,143 1,173 1,208 1,247 1,294 1,350 1,419 1, .502 1,596 1,693 1,792 1,891 2,003 14, 699 4,005 1,915 1,392 999 834 661 548 456 395 348 306 307 335 399 472 538 571 608 645 081 714 730 753 770 788 809 828 846 866 886 906 923 945 957 979 995 1,018 1,038 1,059 1,077 1,103 1,122 1, 145 1,169 1,193 1,247 1,292 1,357 1,421 1,502 1,583 1,660 1,744 England and Wales: 1881 to 1890. Prussia: 1867, 1868, 1872, and 1875 to 1877. Norway: 1881- 82 to 1891-92. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 16,104 13,113 22, 846 19,885 10,492 8,974 5,730 5,271 7,599 7,227 3,697 3,483 2,383 2,300 3,952 3,860 2,197 2,145 1,539 1,513 2,633 2,564 1,644 1,093 1,141 1, 102 1,849 1,871 1,362 1,327 832 786 1,423 1,412 1,077 1,090 600 652 1,160 1,163 869 891 432 385 942 929 704 749 316 273 746 773 611 641 239 204 615 624 515 668 195 167 531 534 471 529 177 166 461 483 464 484 181 167 419 452 441 473 203 197 393 447 450 481 240 241 400 455 453 606 287 295 428 474 605 M3 338 351 505 514 6.52 527 386 401 594 537 651 546 425 441 668 669 775 560 456 469 686 587 864 564 480 489 818 632 912 694 502 506 853 662 958 624 526 524 925 706 1,006 635 657 650 921 763 987 640 694 683 899 812 936 680 636 621 891 844 913 710 679 658 894 871 905 709 719 694 919 902 884 753 758 728 936 968 862 773 794 760 988 976 832 757 829 789 983 1,033 801 775 864 818 950 1,001 796 791 900 845 1,015 1,050 803 840 937 872 1,062 1,092 784 853 977 898 1,110 1,122 729 830 1,019 924 1,167 1,165 775 877 1,062 950 1,194 1,187 855 883 1,107 975 1,249 1,226 832 872 1,155 1,000 1,313 1,2.59 834 887 1,206 1,026 1,458 1,314 849 883 1,260 1,053 1,545 1,358 872 886 1,315 1,082 1,406 1,217 912 918 1,373 1,114 1,574 1,325 906 900 1,434 1,149 1,620 1,303 900 889 1,497 1,189 1,756 1,360 1,002 940 1,563 1,235 1,829 1, 362 1,001 950 1,634 1,285 1,765 . 1,303 978 932 1,710 1,343 1,896 1,363 1,045 924 1,793 1,409 2,026 1,451 1,127 974 1,880 1,483 2,223 1,649 1,172 1,0.36 1,978 1,.565 2,368 1,776 1,256 1,083 2,083 1,655 2,102 1,602 1,295 1,138 2,197 1,7.52 2,438 1,855 1,337 1,186 2,321 1,856 2,595 1.998 1,392 1,183 YEAR or Massachusetts: 1893 to 1897. England and Wales: 1881 to 1890. AGE. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 54 years 2,117 1,856 2,455 1,968 65 years 2,242 1,969 2,602 2,090 66 vears 2,387 2,085 2,763 2,223 57 years 2,650 2,207 2,940 2,369 58 vears 2,720 2,336 3,138 2,530 59 years 2, 925 2,482 3,355 2,707 60 years 3, 122 2,647 3,592 2,902 61 years 3,310 2,795 3,848 3,116 62 years 3,494 2,964 4,121 3,351 63 vears 3,715 3,150 4,412 3,608 64 years 3,967 3,351 4,723 3,890 65 years 4,239 8,580 5,057 4,199 66 years 4,551 3,847 5,417 4,637 67 vears 4,892 4,152 5,809 4,906 68 years 5,280 4,502 6,235 5,309 69 years 6,692 4,892 6.697 5,748 70 years .-..- 6,130 5,290 7,200 6,225 71 years 6,669 5,698 7,748 6,744 72 years 7,048 6,132 8,344 7,306 73 years 7,537 6,565 8,991 7,915 74 years 8,045 7,018 9,694 8,671 75 years 8,691 7,492 10, 458 9,279 76 years 9,145 7,980 11, 284 10,040 77 years 9,749 8,500 12, 178 10, 856 78 years 10,409 9,031 13,143 11,729 79 years 11,085 9,592' 14, 183 12, 662 80 vears 11,850 10, 166 15, 301 13,657 81 years 12,643 10, 791 16, 500 14, 715 82 years 13,510 11,418 17, 783 15,837 83 vears 14,456 12, 085 19, 152 17, 025 84 years 16,444 12,806 20, 609 17,280 85 vears 16,546 13, 610 22, 155 19,602 86 years 17, 632 14,477 23,791 20, 991 87 years 18, 797 15, 434 25, 618 22, 449 88 years 20, 131 16, 526 27,334 23,974 89 years 21, 593 17,683 29,238 25, 665 90 years 23,037 18, 972 31, 228 27, 222 91 years 24,626 20, 393 33, 301 28,943 92 years 26,3.54 22,011 35,454 30, 726 93 years 28, 431 23, 601 37, 681 32,568 94 vears 30,137 25, 478 39, 976 34, 467 95 vears 32,353 27,564 42, 334 36,419 96 vears 34,783 29,499 44,747 38, 420 97 years 36,667 32,218 47, 206 40, 460 98 years 40, 351 33, 951 49. 703 42,5.52 99 years 44,118 37,383 52, 227 44, 674 100 years 47, 368 40, 299 54, 770 46. 825 67,319 4.S, 999 102 years 69, 863 .51, 192 103 years . 62, 392 ,53, 395 104 vears 65, 603 105 vears 57,808 60,003 Prussia: 1867, 1868, 1872, and 1875 to 1877. Males. 2,785 2,987 3,039 3,136 3,431 3,828 4,332 3,688 4,356 4,810 6,241 5,632 5,913 6,520 7,093 7,665 8,248 7,895 9,224 9,919 10, 902 11, 982 12,635 13,811 16,567 16, 583 17,519 15, 407 18, 043 20,443 22, 386 24, 107 24, 709 25, 672 29, 985 31, 719 30, 377 23, 007 25, 393 28,839 27, 429 29. 661 ,924 24, 802 26, 103 29. 662 Fe- males. 2,161 2,296 2,377 2,517 2,796 3,260 3,669 3,150 3,784 4,241 4,734 5,088 5,228 5,805 6,514 7,347 7,980 7,207 8,829 9,499 10, 431 11, 692 12, 144 12, 783 15, 595 16, 839 17, 663 14, 761 17, 385 20, 263 22, 430 23, 209 21, 761 23, 231 26, 623 28, 921 31, 980 21,437 24, 828 27, 573 24,812 27, 299 20,281 19, 666 23,369 21, 015 Norway: 1881- 82 to 1891-92. Males. 1,549 1,669 1,681 1,714 1,847 1,988 2,135 2, 275 2,506 2,773 2,837 3,133 3,602 3,674 3,968 4,211 4,600 6,033 5,508 6,173 6,810 7,319 8,081 8,724 9,344 10, 206 11,361 12, 175 13,115 14, 673 16, 100 17,716 19,016 20, 452 21, 843 22, 668 24, 753 24,647 26, 179 28,778 30, 000 33, 471 32, 792 33,333 44, 628 49, 206 62, 158 66, 287 68, 604 62, 120 65, 847 100, 000 Fe- males. 1,289 1,403 1,364 1,399 1,627 1,647 1,791 1,907 2.136 2,434 2, 537 2,793 3, 050 3,185 3,467 3,685 4,013 4,270 4,671 5,226 6.953 6. .515 6.923 7,638 8,368 9,181 10,338 11,177 11,939 13, 3.53 15, Oil 16, 268 17, 009 18, 805 20, 260 20, 439 22, 567 23, 787 26. 633 27,290 27, 2.50 31, 676 32, 358 36,800 44, 978 42, 538 45,090 47, 795 50, 663 63, 703 56, 925 60, 341 100, 000 The preceding table suggests certain inferences: 1. The differences between the death rates of males and females are much affected by age. 2. The differences are not uniform in the different countries. 3. Male children under three years of age have uni- formly a higher death rate than female children of cor- responding age. 4. In England and Wales the male death rate is higher than the female except for the eight years, 14 to 21, inclusive. 5. In Massachusetts the male death rate is higher than the female except for the seventeen years, 5 to 21, inclusive. 6. In Prussia and Norway there are two main periods of life in which the females have a higher death rate; in Prussia these periods are S to 16 and 30 to 34; in Norway they are 5 to 15 and 32 to 41, inclusive. Y. In all four countries the death rate of women be- tween 20 and 30 years of age and so at the age when probably four-fifths of the children are born is almost uniformh^ below that of men of the same age. The perils of childlnrth, therefore, are not so great as to overcome the higher vitality of the female sex during those years. 30 T.iBLE 1.— TOTAL POPULATION, POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES OF AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS, AND POPULA- TION LIVING IN SMALLER CITIES AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, WITH PER CENT MALE AND FEMALE: 1900. population: 1900. STATE OR TERKITOKY. Total. In cities having at least 26,000 inhabitants. In smaller cities and country districts. Total. In cities having at least 26,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and country districts. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Per cent male Per cent fe- male. Per cent male Per cent fe- male. Per cent male Per cent fe- male. United States 76,303,387 39,069,242 37,244,145 19,757,618 9,835,644 9, 921, 974 66,546,769 29,223,598 27,322,171 51.2 48.8 49.8 60.2 51.7 48.3 Continental U. S 75,994,575 38,816,448 37,178,127 19,718,312 9,810,898 9, 907, 414 56,276,263 29,005,550 27,270,713 51.1 48.9 49.8 50.2 51.5 48.5 North Atlantic division. 21,046,695 10,624,877 10,521,818 10,098,696 4,983,332 5, 115, 364 10, 947, 999 6, 541, 545 5,406,454 50.0 50.0 49.3 60.7 60.6 49.4 5,592,017 2,763,796 2,828,221 2,318,058 1,129,017 1,189,041 3,273,969 1, 634, 779 1,639,180 49.4 50.6 48.7 51.3 49.9 50.1 694,466 4U,588 343,641 2.805,346 428,556 908,420 15, 464, 678 350,995 205,379 175, 138 1,367,474 210,516 454,294 7,761,081 343,471 206, 209 168,503 1,437,872 218, MO 454, 126 7,693,697 60,145 66,987 23,714 26,603 26, 431 30,384 644,321 354, 601 343.641 1,168,182 185, 624 577, 690 7,674,040 327,281 178,776 175,138 572, 744 92, 878 287,962 3, 906, 766 317,040 175, 825 168,603 696, 438 92,646 289, 728 3,767,274 50.5 49.9 61.0 48.8 49.1 60.0 50.2 49.5 50.1 49.0 61.2 50.9 50.0 49.8 47.3 46.7 52.7 53.3 50.8 50.4 51.0 49.0 50.1 49.9 50.9 49.2 49.6 49.0 51.0 49.9 60.1 49.1 New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island 1,637,164 243, 032 330, 730 7,780,638 794, 730 117, 638 166, 332 3,854,315 842,434 126,394 164, 398 3,926,323 48.6 48.4 60.3 49.5 51.5 51.6 49.7 50.6 Southern North At- lantic New York 7,268,894 1,883,669 6,302,115 10,443,480 3, 614, 780 941, 760 3,204,541 5,222,595 3,654,114 941, 909 3,097,574 5,220,885 4,457,033 906, 747 2,416,858 1,302,528 2,202,428 451,702 1, 200, 185 620,154 2,264,605 456, 045 1,216,673 682,374 2,811,861 976, 922 3,885,267 9, 140, 962 1, 412, 352 490,058 2, 004, 356 4,602,441 1,399,509 486,864 1,880,901 4,638,611 49.7 60.0 60.9 50.0 50.3 50.0 49.1 50.0 49.4 49.8 49.7 47.6 60.6 50.2 50.3 52.4 50.2 60.2 61.6 50.3 49.8 49.8 48.4 49.7 Pennsylvania South Atlantic division . Northern South At- lantic 4,464,481 2,240,676 2,223,905 1,034,736 495,318 539,417 3,429,746 1,745,268 1,684,488 50.2 49.8 47.9 52.1 50.9 49.1 Delaware . 184, 735 1,188,044 278, 718 1,854,184 958,800 5,978,999 94, 158 589,275 132,004 926, 897 499,242 2, 982, 019 90,577 598, 769 146, 714 928, 287 459,558 2, 996, 980 76, 508 508,957 278, 718 131, 674 38,878 267, 793 38,383 243, 280 132, 004 62,640 19, Oil 124,836 38,125 265, 677 146,714 69,034 19,867 142, 957 108,227 679, 087 55,775 346,996 62,452 333, 092 51.0 49.6 47.4 49.9 52.1 49.9 49.0 50.4 52.6 60,1 47.9 50.1 60.2 47.8 47.4 47.6 48.9 46.6 49.8 52.2 52.6 52.4 61.1 63.4 51.6 61.0 48.5 49.0 Marvland District of Columbia. Virginia 1, 722, 610 919,922 6, 711, 206 863,257 480,231 2,867,183 859,253 439, 691 2,854,023 60.1 52.2 50.0 49.9 47.8 50.0 West Virginia Southern South At- lantic North Carolina 1,893,810 1,340,316 2,216,331 528, .542 26,333,004 938, 677 664, 895 1,103,201 275.246 13,589,322 955, 133 675, 421 1, 113, 130 253,296 12,743,682 1,893,810 1,284,609 2,032,774 500,113 20,235,120 938,677 639,303 1,017,674 261,529 10,515,716 965,133 646, 206 1,016,100 238, 684 9,719,404 49.6 49.6 49.8 52.1 51.6 50.4 50.4 50.2 47.9 48.4 49.6 49.8 50.1 52.3 52.0 South Carolina 55,807 183,657 28, 429 6,097,884 25, 592 85,527 13, 717 3, 073, 606 30,215 98,030 14, 712 3,024,278 45.9 46.6 48.2 50.4 54.1 63.4 61.8 49.6 50.2 49.9 47.7 48.0 Florida North Central division . Eastern North Central . 15,985,581 8,177,308 7,808,273 4, 339, 130 2, 171, 978 2, 167, 162 11,646,451 6,006,330 5, 641, 121 51.1 48.9 50.1 49.9 51,6 48.4 Ohio . . . 4, 157, 645 2,516,462 4, 821, 650 2,420,982 2, 069, 042 10, 347, 423 2, 102, 655 1,285,404 2,472,782 1,248,905 1,067,562 5, 412, 014 2,054,890 1,231,058 2, 348, 768 1,172,077 1,001,480 4, 935, 409 1, 206, 918 345, 958 1, 915, 145 468,422 402, 687 1,768,764 600, 168 170, 483 972, 733 228, 148 200,446 901, 628 606, 750 175, 475 942, 412 240, 274 202, 241 857, 126 2, 950, 627 2,170,504 2,906,405 1, 952, 560 1,666,355 8, 588, 669 1,502,487 1, 114, 921 1,600,049 1,020,767 867, 116 4,510,386 1, 448, 140 1, 056, 683 1,406,356 931,803 799,239 4,078 283 50.6 51.1 51.3 51.6 61.6 62.3 49.4 48.9 48.7 48.4 48.4 47.7 49.7 49.3 50.8 48.7 49.8 51.3 50.3 60.7 49.2 61.3 50.2 48.7 50.9 51.4 51.6 52.3 52.0 62.5 49.1 48.6 48.4 47.7 48.0 47.5 Indiana Illinois . Michigan Western North Central. Minnesota 1, 751, 394 2,231,863 3, 106, 665 319, 146 401,570 1, 066, 300 1,470,495 14,080,047 932, 490 1,156.849 1,595,710 177,493 216, 164 664,592 768,715 7,181,922 818, 904 1,075,004 1, 510, 955 141, 653 185, 406 601, 708 701,779 6,898,125 418, 752 218,259 867, 992 217,411 109, 323 441, 380 201,341 108,936 426, 612 1,332,642 2,013,594 2, 238, 673 319, 146 401,570 897, 675 1,385,469 12,894,022 715, 079 1,047,626 1,154,330 177,493 216, 164 473, 902 725, 892 6,605,179 017, 663 966, 068 1,084,343 141, 663 185, 406 423, 673 659,577 6,288,843 51.9 50.1 50.9 48.1 49.9 49.1 53.7 52.0 51.6 55.6 53.8 52.8 52.4 51.2 46.3 48.0 48.4 Missouri 61.4 55.6 53.8 63.0 62.3 51.0 48.6 44.4 46.2 47.0 47.7 49.0 North Dakota South Dakota 46 2 168,725 85, 026 1,186,025 90, 690 42,824 676,743 78,035 42,202 609,282 63.8 50.4 48.6 46.2 49.6 51.4 47.2 47.6 48.8 Kansas South Central division . Eastern South Central. 7,547,757 3, 809, 666 3,738,091 655,545 319,067 336,478 6, 892, 212 3, 490, 599 3, 401, 613 50.5 49.6 48.7 51.3 50.7 49.3 2, 147, 174 2, 020, 616 1,828,697 1,651,270 6,532,290 1,090,227 1,021,224 916, 764 781,461 3, 372. 256 1, 056, 947 999,392 911, 933 769,819 3,160,034 302, 339 245,976 107, 230 145,957 121, 653 51,557 156, 382 124,423 55, 673 1,844,835 1. 774, 640 1,721,467 1,551,270 6,001,810 944, 270 899,671 865, 207 781,451 3,114,680 900, 666 874, 969 856,260 769, 819 2,887,230 50.8 50.5 50.1 60.4 51.6 49.2 49.6 49.9 49.6 48.4 48.3 49.4 48.1 51.7 50.6 51.9 51.2 50.7 50.3 50.4 51.9 48. S 49.3 49.7 49 6 Tennessee Mississippi Western South Central. 630, 480 257,676 272,804 48.6 61.4 48.1 1,381,625 1,311,664 392,060 398, 331 3,048,710 694, 733 675, 312 208, 962 214,3.59 1,578,900 686,892 636, 252 183,108 183, 972 287, 104 38,307 136,068 151,036 1,094,521 1,273,257 392, 060 398,331 2,843,641 558,665 656, 041 208, 962 214, 359 1,476,563 535,856 617, 216 183,108 183, 972 1,367,078 50.3 51.6 53.3 53.8 61.8 49.7 48.5 46.7 46.2 48.2 47.4 50.3 52.6 49.7 51,0 61.5 53.3 53 8 49.0 48.5 Indian Territory Oklahoma dR O Texas 1,469,810 205, 069 102,337 102,7.32 i 49.9 50.1' 51.9 48! i 31 Table 1.— TOTAL POPULATION, POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES OF AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS, AND POPULA- TION LIVING IN SMALLER CITIES AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, WITH PER CENT MALE AND FEMALE: 1900— Continued. population: 1900. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants. In smaller cities and country districts. t Total. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and country districts. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Western division 4, 091, 349 2,297,732 1,793,617 1,033,179 557,063 476, 116 3,058,170 1,740,669 1,317,501 56.2 43.8 53.9 46.1 56.9 43.1 Kocky Mountain 1, 232, 642 700,953 631, 689 192,486 100,113 92,373 1, 040, 156 600,840 439,316 56.9 43.1 52.0 48.0 57.8 42.2 243,329 161, 772 92,531 539,700 195, 310 442,015 149, 842 93,367 .58, 184 295,332 104,228 239,085 93,487 68,405 34,347 244,368 91,082 202,930 30,470 18,171 12,299 212, 859 161, 772 92, 531 377, 684 195, 310 388,484 131,671 93,367 58,184 213,390 104, 228 213,236 81,188 68,405 34, 347 164, 294 91, 082 175,248 61.6 57.7 62.9 54.7 53.4 54.1 38.4 42.3 37.1 45.3 46.6 45.9 59.6 40.4 61.9 57.7 62.9 56.5 53.4 54.9 38.1 42.3 37.1 Colorado 162,016 81,942 80, 074 50.6 49.4 43.5 46.6 Basin and Plateau 53, 531 25,849 27,682 48.3 51.7 45.1 122,931 276, 749 42,335 2,416,692 71,795 141,687 25, 603 1,357,694 51, 136 135,062 16 732 122, 931 223,218 42, 335 1,629,530 71,795 116,838 25,603 926,593 51, 136 107, 380 16, 732 702,937 58.4 51.2 60.5 56.2 41.6 48.8 39.5 43.8 58.4 51.1 60.5 56.9 41.6 Utah 53, 531 25,849 27,682 48.3 51.7 48.1 39.5 Pacific 1,058,998 787.162 431,101 356,061 54.8 4.5.2 43.1 , , 1 , 518, 103 413,536 1,485,053 63,592 154,001 91,219 304, 178 232, 985 820, 531 45,872 106,369 90,553 213,925 ISO, 551 664,522 17,720 47, 632 666 155,233 90,426 541,503 93, 920 53,128 284, 053 61,313 37,298 257,450 362,870 323, 110 ■ 943,550 63,592 114, 695 210,258 179, 857 536,478 45,872 81,623 152,612 143,253 407, 072 17, 720 33,072 58.7 56.3 55.2 72.1 69.1 99.3 41.3 43.7 44.8 27.9 30.9 0.7 60.5 58.8 52.5 39.5 41.2 47.5 57.9 55.7 56.9 72.1 71.2 42.1 Oregon 44.3 43.1 27.9 Hawaii 39, 306 24, 746 14, 560 63.0 37.0 28.8 Military and naval T.iBLE 3.— POPULATION OF CITIES HAVING AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, WITH PEE CENT MALE AND FEMALE: 1900. ALAE.\MA. Birmingham 38, 415 MobUe 38,469 Montgom ery 30, 346 ARKANSAS. Little Rocli 38, 307 CALIFORNIA. Los Angeles 102,479 Oakland 66,960 Sacramento 29,282 San Francisco 342,782 COLORADO. Denver 133, 859 Pueblo 28,157 CONNECTICUT. Bridgeport 70, 996 Hartford 79,850 New Britain 25, New Haven 108,02^ Waterbury 45,859 DELAWARE. Wilmington 76,508 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington , 278, 718 FLORIDA. Jacksonville 28,429 GEORGIA. Atlanta I 89, 872 Augusta 39, 441 Savannah I .54,244 population: 1900. Male. Female, 19, 626 17, 973 13, 958 50, 519 32,921 15, 747 184,866 66, .592 15, 350 35, 381 40, 695 13,333 53,842 23, 081 38,383 132, 004 13,717 41, 377 18,226 2.5,925 18, 789 20, 496 16,388 19, 036 51,960 34, 039 13, 535 157, 916 67,267 12,807 35, 615 39, 1.55 12,665 .54, 185 22, 778 48,495 21,216 28,319 Per cent male. 51.1 46.7 46.0 50. 49.3 49.2 53.8 53.9 49.8 54.5 49.8 51.0 51.3 49.8 50.3 46.0 46.2 47.8 Per cent female. 48.9 .53.3 54.0 50.7 .50.8 46.2 46.1 50.2 4.5.5 .50. 2 19.0 48.7 50.2 49.7 .54.0 .53. 8 52.2 HAWAII. Honolulu ILLINOIS. Chicago East St. Louis . . . Joliet Peoria Quincy Eoekford Springfield INDIANA. Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute IOWA. Cedar Rapids . . . Council Bluffs . . Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City KANSAS. Kansas Citv Topeka KENTUCKY. Covington Lexington L 21,046,695 10, 524, 877 10,521,818 13,806,019 6,803,758 7,002,261 7,533,280 3, 728, 829 3,804,451 Ne'w Enerland s 5,592,017 2,763,796 2, 828, 221 4, 163, 547 2, 036, 438 2, 127, 109 1,067,800 523, 178 544, 622 4 694, 466 411,688 343,641 2,805,346 428,556 908,420 15, 454, 678 360, 995 205, 379 175, 138 1,367,474 210, 516 464, 294 7,761,081 343, 471 206,209 168, 503 1,437,872 218, 040 454,126 7,693,597 282, 879 217,894 88,429 2, 552, 181 386,057 636, 107 9, 642, 472 136, 674 105, 116 43, 101 1, 245, 985 188,808 316, 754 4,767,320 146, 205 112, 778 45, 328 1, 306, 196 197, 249 319,363 4,876,152 li fi 7 784, 176 176,697 108, 027 6, 465, 480 384, 264 86,072 53,842 3, 205, 661 399, 912 90, 525 64,185 3,269,829 S q in Soutbern Nortli Atlantic New York 1 7,268,894 1, 883, 669 6,302,115 10,443,480 3,614,780 941,760 3,204,541 5,222,595 3,654,114 941,909 3,097,574 5, 220, 885 5,228,444 1,171,889 3,242,139 2,094,127 2,572,545 580, 628 1, 614, 147 999,489 2,655,899 691,261 1,627,992 1,094,638 4, 060, 571 557,674 1,847,235 787,675 2, 010, 694 276,943 918, 014 375,284 2, 049, 877 280, 731 929,221 412,391 ■2 3 + Northern South Atlantic S 4,464,481 2,240,576 2,223,905 1, 379, 685 663,203 716,482 787,675 375, 284 412, 391 Delaware (i 184,735 1,188,044 278, 718 1,8.54,184 958,800 5,978,999 94, 158 589,275 132,004 925,897 499,242 2,982,019 90,577 698, 769 146,714 928, 287 459,558 2,996,980 83, 217 685,499 278, 718 327,748 104,603 714, 442 41,641 280,452 132, 004 157, 466 51, 660 336, 286 41,576 305, 047 146,714 170, 292 52,863 378, 156 7 508, 957 278, 718 243, 280 132,004 265; 677 146, 714 S 9 W n Southern South Atlantic 22 1,893,810 1,340,316 2,216,331 528,512 26, 333, 004 938, 677 664,895 1, 103, 201 276,246 13,589,322 955,133 676, 421 1,113,130 253, 296 12, 743, 682 149,790 142,858 318, 776 103,018 9,565,507 70, 312 67,036 148, 191 60,747 4,790,425 79,478 75,822 170,585 62,271 4,775,082 23 South Carolina 24 25 Florida 26 \orth Central division 4,714,117 2,374,597 2,339,620 Eastern North Central 27 15,985,581 8, 177, 308 7,808,273 6, 834, .506 3,408,293 3, 426, 213 3,403,810 1,705,370 1,698,440 Ohio 28 4,157,545 2,516,462 4,821,550 2,420,982 2,069,042 10, 347, 423 2, 102, 655 1,28.5,404 2, 472, 782 1,248,905 1,067, .562 5,412,014 2,0.54,890 1,231,068 2,348,768 1,172,077 1,001,480 4,936,409 1,919,784 785, 630 2,472,686 908, 968 747,439 2,731,001 962, 773 388, 528 1,247,081 449, 193 370, 718 1,382,132 967,011 397, 102 1, 226, 604 459, 775 376, 721 1, 348, 869 966,052 169, 104 1,698,575 285, 704 285, 315 1,310,307 478,661 83, 523 863,408 139, 242 140,636 669,227 4.86, 391 86, 641 835, 167 146, 462 144,779 641,080 29 10 Illinois a 12 Wisconsin J3 Western North Central J4 1,751,394 2,231,853 3, 106, 665 319, 146 401,570 1,066,300 1,470,495 14, 080, 047 932, 490 1,156,849 1, 595, 710 177,493 216, 164 564,592 768, 716 7,181,922 818,904 1,075,004 1,510,955 141, 653 185,406 501,708 701,779 6,898,125 560, 339 497, 333 1,098,914 17, 241 30,833 238,885 297,456 1,946,307 283, 876 246, 782 654, 706 8,759 16, 214 126,408 147,387 946, 928 266, 463 261,661 844, 208 8,482 14, 619 113,477 150, 069 999,379 365,783 187,527 178,256 io i6 841,969 427,607 414,362 i7 North Dakota i8 South Dakota J9 Nebraska 102, 655 64, 093 48,462 40 Kansas Jl 594,165 287,883 306, 272 Eastern South Central )2 7, 547, 757 3, 809. 666 3,738,091 1,016,745 491,674 626, 071 307,051 151,815 156,236 13 2, 147, 174 2,020,616 1, 828. 697 l,55i;270 6,. 532, 290 1,090,227 1,021,224 916, 764 781, 451 3,372,266 1,0.56,947 999, 392 911,933 769,819 3,160,034 442, 783 299, 795 187,001 87, 106 928,562 214, 290 147, 283 89, 891 40,210 454,264 228, 493 152,512 97, 110 46,956 474,308 204, 731 102,320 99,531 62, 284 106,200 50, 036 i4 Tennessee lb Alabama 46 Mississippi 47 Western South Central 287,104 136, 068 151,036 Louisiana 48 1,381,625 1, 311, 564 392,060 398,331 3,048,710 4,091,349 694.733 676,312 208, 9.52 214,3.59 1,578,900 2,297,732 6.86,892 636, 252 183, 108 183, 972 1,469,810 1,793,617 346, 6.52 92, 300 166, 192 46, 362 181,460 46, 938 287,104 136, 068 151,036 [9 Arkansas DO Indian Territory 3l Oklahoma 20, 043 469,567 1,500,860 10, 771 232,929 804,459 9, 272 236,638 696,401 W Texas ... ■iS 579, 120 301,977 277,143 M 1,232,642 700, 963 531,689 332,433 176,845 155,588 133,859 66,592 67, 267 Montana ^5 243, 329 161,772 92, 531 .539,700 195,310 442, 015 149,842 93, 367 68,184 295, 332 104,228 239,085 93,487 68, 405 34,347 244,368 91,082 202,930 72, 767 42,670 30, 197 % W Wyoming 26, 657 221,168 11,841 108,931 15, 206 112,859 6,210 54, 130 11,451 108, 309 5,631 54,801 nS 133,859 66,592 67, 267 W New Mexico 60 Basin and Plateau 61 Arizona 122,931 276, 749 42,335 2, 416, 692 518, 103 413,536 1,485,063 71,795 141,687 25,603 1,357,694 51,136 135, 062 16, 732 1, 058, 998 13, 075 88, 661 7,195 1,059,496 6,929 43, 306 3,896 673,484 6,146 45, 366 3,299 486, 012 m Utah 63 Nevada 6'l Pacific 446, 261 235,385 209,876 Washington fifi 304, 178 232,985 820,531 213,925 180,651 664,522 186, 776 •123,052 749,668 112, 061 71,696 389, 727 74,715 51,356 359,941 66 Oregon 67 California 445, 261 235,385 209, 876 41 LEAST 2,500 INHABITANTS IN 1890 AND WERE WITHIN SPECIFIED LIMITS OF SIZE IN 1900: 1900. population: 1900— continued. Living in cities having at least 2,500 inhabitants in 1890 and in 1900 having— Living outside of cities having at least 2,600 inhabitants in 1900 and 1890. 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. 8,000 to 25,000 inhabitants. 4,000 to 8,000 inhabitants. 2,600 to 4,000 inhabitants. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 5, 509, 965 2,742,328 2,767,637 6, 126, 990 2,534,271 2,592,719 2, 986, 131 1,468,586 1, 517, 545 1,080,387 530,304 660,083 47,082,765 24,472,389 22,610,366 1 2,565,416 1, 254, 503 1,310,913 2,131,627 1,045,434 1,086,193 1,139,736 600,992 578,744 435,960 214,000 221,960 7,240,676 3,721,119 3,519,557 2 1,250,258 605, f 39 644, 419 1,001,447 491,225 510,222 598, 902 293, 595 305, 307 245,140 122, 601 122,539 1, 428, 470 727,358 701,112 3 50, 145 56, 987 23, 714 26,603 26, 431 30,384 114,494 101,933 38, 587 507,402 86, 693 152, 338 1,130,180 54,643 49, 700 18, 784 250, 599 43,304 74,195 554,209 59,851 52,233 19, 80S 256.803 43, 389 78, 143 575, 971 82,667 33,320 33, 461 305,371 44, 617 99,466 640,834 40, 650 16,000 16, 0-52 149,611 21,980 49, 302 267, 397 42,017 17,320 17, 409 165, 760 22, 637 50, 164 273,437 35,573 25,654 16,381 102, 244 11, 715 63, 573 190, 820 17, 667 12,813 8,265 61,046 5,886 26,925 91, 399 17,906 12,841 8,116 61, 199 5,829 26,648 99,421 411,687 193,694 255,212 253,165 42,499 272, 313 5,812,206 214, 321 100,263 132,037 121,489 21,708 137,540 2, 993, 761 197,266 93,431 123,175 131, 676 20,791 134, 773 2,818,416 4 6 852, 988 67,435 222,703 1,315,158 410, 466 32, 566 112,490 648, 664 442, 522 34,869 110, 213 666,494 7 i c IC 396,462 349, 073 569, 623 514, 853 191,734 174, 759 282, 171 244,870 204, 728 174,314 287,452 269,983 523,009 167,128 440, 043 475, 098 249, 696 81,858 222, 655 228, 302 273,313 85,270 217, 388 246, 796 185,778 70, 786 284, 270 230, 450 91,149 33,905 142, 343 109,373 94, 629 36,881 141, 927 121,077 62, 624 27,228 100,968 86,051 29,272 13, 163 48, 964 41,660 33,352 14,065 52,004 44,391 2,040,450 711,780 3,059,976 8,349,363 1,042,235 361,132 1,590,394 4,223,106 998,216 350,648 1,469,582 4,126,247 11 i: la 14 247,060 120,034 127, 026 223,286 108,661 114, 625 75, 969 36,956 39,013 45, 695 22,268 23,427 3,084,796 1,577,373 1,507,423 It 76, 508 38, 383 38, 125 6,709 12,704 3,258 6,151 3,451 6,553 101, 518 602,545 52,517 308,823 49,001 293,722 If 48,540 23, 609 24,931 15,298 7,412 7,886 r 1.' 131,674 38,878 267, 793 62, 640 19,011 124,836 69, 034 19,867 142,957 140,021 34, 725 251,812 68,260 IB, 792 119, 641 71,761 17,933 132,171 33,534 27, 137 154,481 15,592 13,952 72,417 17,942 13,185 82,064 22,519 3,763 40,356 10,964 1, 895 19,392 11,565 1,868 20,964 1,526,436 854,297 5,264,567 768,441 447,592 2,645,733 757,996 406,706 2,618,824 i< 2( 2] 96, .537 44, 363 60,212 50, 700 1,915,258 45,270 21,318 27, 682 25, 371 954,159 51,267 23,045 :32, 530 25,329 961,099 42,603 42,688 64, 918 4,272 1,171,472 20,087 20, 126 30,232 1,972 576,823 22,516 22, 562 34,686 2,300 594,649 10,650 4,955 5,695 1, 744, 020 1,197,468 1, 897, 655 425, 624 16,767,497 868,365 597, 859 956,010 224, 499 8,798,897 875, 655 699, 599 942,646 201,025 7,968,600 2' 55,807 183, 557 28,429 1, 383, 767 25,592 85, 527 13,717 699,009 30, 215 98,030 14,712 684,758 ?.: 10, 089 19,617 380,893 4, 7.50 9,687 185,837 5,339 9,930 195,066 2' a. 2( 935,320 466, 608 468, 712 1,490,046 742, 832 747,214 762, 597 375,251 387,346 242,733 118, 232 124,501 9,151,075 4, 769, 015 4,382,060 2 241,866 176, 794 216,570 182, 718 117, 372 448,447 121, .507 86, 960 109, 325 88,906 59, 910 232,401 120, 3-59 89, 834 107,245 93,812 57,462 216, 046 392, 922 248,926 337,536 278, 912 231,750 425, 212 195, 614 124,295 166,756 140, 844 11.5,323 211,327 197,308 124, 631 170, 780 138,068 116, 427 213,885 237,663 149, 440 169,091 130, 777 75,626 408, 875 116,523 73, 604 83, 097 64,871 87, 156 201, 572 121,140 75, 836 85,994 66, 906 38,470 207, 303 82,281 41,306 50,913 30,857 37, 376 138,160 40, 468 20, 146 24,495 15, 330 17, 793 67, 605 41,813 21,160 26,418 15, 527 19, .583 70,5.55 2,237,761 1,730,832 2, 348, 866 1,612,014 1,321,603 7.616,422 1, 149, 882 896, 876 1,226,701 799, 712 696, 844 4,029,882 1,087,879 833,956 1,123,164 712,302 624,769 3,686,540 2i 2 3( 3 3! 3; 52, 969 218,259 26,023 29,884 109, 323 13,773 23, 085 108,936 12,250 51,294 1.56,466 87,571 9,589 10,266 26, 003 77, 405 43,737 4,907 5,306 25, 291 79,061 43,834 4,682 4,960 66, 431 76, 612 124, 130 7,652 14,422 52,968 66, 660 293,401 33,456 36, 977 60, 320 3,852 7,727 26,098 33, 142 142,020 32,975 39,635 63,810 3,800 6,695 26,870 33,518 151,381 13,862 45, 996 19, 221 7,006 22,077 9,269 6,866 23, 919 9,952 1,201,0.55 1,734,520 2,007,751 301,905 370, 737 827, 415 1,173,039 12,134,740 648,614 911,067 1,041,004 168, 734 199, 950 ■139,184 621,329 6,235,994 552,441 823, 453 966, 747 133, 171 170,787 388,231 561, 710 5,898,746 3- 3i 3 3 6,145 17,192 35,744 94,675 3,181 8,620- 17,462 44,954 2, 964 8,672 18,292 49,621 R 66, 170 85,026 591,870 36,597 42, 824 288,860 29,573 42, 202 303,010 3< 110,026 371,306 53, 969 182,211 56, 057 189,095 4( 4] 348,494 167,252 181,242 152,132 72,784 79, 348 152,694 73,296 79,398 66, 374 26,527 29, 847 6,631,012 3,317,992 3,213,020 4: 97,608 143,656 107,230 46,426 69,269 51,557 51, 182 74,387 .55, 073 60, 620 23,942 26, 476 41,094 219,174 30,042 11,477 12, 358 18,907 109,427 30,578 12,465 14,118 22, 187 109,747 60, 687 15,968 43, 686 32,353 140,707 29,207 7,802 21,271 15, 016 68,724 31,480 8,160 22,415 17,337 71,983 19,137 13, 909 9,609 13, 719 38,201 9,084 6,4.51 4,705 6,287 18,427 10,053 7,458 4,904 7,432 19,774 1,704,391 1,720,821 1,641,696 1,464,104 5,603,728 875,937 873,941 826,873 741,241 2,918,002 828,454 846,880 814,823 722,803 2,685,726 4; 4> 4( 243,376 121,608 121,768 4 27,282 33,056 13, 575 16,046 13,707 17, 010 28,676 14,525 13,812 7,188 14,864 7,337 3,590 6,412 1,7:57 2,867 1,853 3,555 1,034,973 1, 219, 264 392,060 378,288 2,579,143 2,690,489 529,641 629, 950 208,9.52 203, 588 1,345,971 1,493,273 605, 432 589,314 183, 108 174,700 1,233,172 1,097,216 4J 38, 307 19,271 19,036 4< 5( 20,043 138,793 233,701 10,771 69,035 124, 165 9,272 69,758 109, .530 5 205, 069 454, 059 102,337 255,086 102, 732 198, 973 97, 606 1.51, 072 47, 724 79, 378 49,782 71,694 28,199 82,908 13,833 43,863 14,366 39,055 5' 5- 58,627 33,521 25, 106 90,987 60, 465 40,522 32,065 17,013 15,052 16,895 9,254 7,641 900,209 524,108 376,101 6- 30,470 18,171 12,299 35,153 20,353 14,800 4,366 2,398 1,968 2,778 1,648 1,130 170,562 161,772 05,874 318,532 183,469 333,084 107, 272 93,367 42, 978 182,473 98,018 184,955 63,290 68,405 22,896 136,059 85,451 118,129 51 5 22,294 33,540 12, 422 17, 690 9,872 15,850 4,:363 11,495 11,841 29,211 2,784 5,621 6,210 14,996 1,579 5,874 6,631 14,215 5 28, 157 15,350 12,807 14,117 7,606 6,511 6 53,531 25,849 27, 682 16,313 8,190 8,123 . 9,876 5,095 4,781 6 13,075 11,636 4,500 89,796 6,929 5,573 2,494 47,369 6,146 0,063 2,006 42,427 109,856 188, 088 35, 140 1,357,196 64,866 98,382 21,707 784,210 44,990 89,706 13,433 572, 986 6 53,531 25,849 27, 682 16,313 8,190 8,123 7,181 2,695 56,137 3,693 1,402 29,504 3,488 1,293 26,633 6' 6 341,901 195,716 146, 185 126,401 65,510 60,891 6 155, 233 90, 426 96,242 93,920 53, 128 48,668 61,313 37,298 47,674 10,049 8,381 107,971 6,359 6,327 53,824 3,690 3,054 64,147 11,062 11,069 67,665 6,109 6,314 34,946 4,9.53 4,756 32,719 10,432 13, 176 32,529 5,673 6,927 16,904 4,759 6,249 15,626 331,327 290,484 735,386 192,117 161,289 430,804 139,210 129, 195 304,. 581 6 6 6 42 ; Table 8.— CLASSIFICATION, BY SEX, OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES WHICH HAD AT STATE OR TERRITORY. population: 1890. Total. Male. Female. Living in cities having at least 2,600 inhabitants in 1900 and 1890. Living in cities having at least 2. .500 inhabitants in 1890 and in 1900 having— At least 100,000 inhabitants. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1 62, 947, 714 32,237,101 30, 710, 613 22, 364, 212 11, 182, 584 11, 181, 628 10, 702, 584 5,356,048 .5, 346, 536 Nnrth Atlantip division 17,406,969 8,680,657 8,726,312 10,687,043 5, 249, 294 6, 437, 749 5,695,354 2, 809, 012 2,886,342 - 3 4, 700, 749 2, 313, 759 2,386,990 3,299,103 1, 602, 518 1,696,586 820,974 399,769 421,205 4 6 6 7 8 y 601,086 376,530 332, 422 2,238,947 345, 506 746, 258 12, 706, 220 332, 590 186, 566 169, 327 1,087,713 168, 025 369,538 6,366,898 328, 496 189, 964 163,095 1.151,234 177,481 376,720 0,339,322 254,431 174, 863 72,170 1,980,784 322,337 494, 518 7, 387, 940 123,948 83, 713 35, 809 969,173 156, 175 243,700 3,646,776 130,483 91,150 36,361 1,021,611 166, 162 250,818 3,741,164 607, 530 132, 146 81,298 4,874,380 295,763 63,569 40, 437 2,409,243 311, 767 68,577 40,861 2, 465, 137 New York 6,003,174 1, 444, 933 5,268,113 8,8.57,922 2,979,690 720, 819 2,666,389 4,418,771 3,023,484 724. 114 2,591,724 4,439,151 3,980,302 879,619 2,528,019 1,709,462 1,952,092 434, 609 1,260,176 819,705 2,028,210 445, 110 1,267,844 889,767 2,985,117 423, 180 1,466,083 664,831 1,473,363 209,301 726, 679 316, 698 1,611,754 213,879 739,-504 349, 183 ^ Northern South Atlantic . 3,860,049 1,925,411 1,934,638 1,151,986 552,754 599,232 664,831 316, 698 349,133 168, 493 1, 042, 390 230, 392 1, 655, 980 762, 794 4,997,873 85, 573 515,691 109,584 824,278 390, 285 2,493,360 82, 920 526, 699 120, 808 831,702 372, 509 2,504,513 68, 602 495,702 230. 392 276,026 81,365 557,476 34,337 235,468 109, 584 133, 010 40, 365 266, 951 34, 165 260,244 120,808 143,015 41,000 290, 525 Maryland 434,439 230, 392 206, 114 109,584 228, 325 120,808 9 Wpst Virffinift _^ 1,617,949 1,151,149 1,837,353 391,422 22,410,417 799, 151 572, 337 919,925 201,947 11,618,590 818, 798 578, 812 917, 428 189, 175 10,791,827 112,852 112, 650 267,472 74, 502 7, 323, 945 63, 929 53, 190 122, 293 37, 539 3,719,435 58, 923 69, 460 135,179 36, 963 3, 604, 610 6 3,418,631 1,760,003 1, 068, 628 13,478,305 6,916.423 6,561,882 5,042,747 2,539,219 2,503,528 2,313,475 1,186,210 1,167,265 3,672,329 2,192,404 3, 826, 352 2,093,890 1,693,330 8, 932, 112 1, 855, 748 1,118,347 1,972,309 1,091,781 878, 238 4, 702, 167 1,816,581 1,074,057 1,854,043 1, 002, 109 815,092 4,229,945 1,487,140 683, 991 1,697,247 716, 837 657,532 2,281,198 739, 590 290, 918 865, .533 362, 870 280, 308 1, 180, 216 747, 550 293, 073 831, 714 353,967 277,224 1, 100, 982 727,845 105, 436 1,099,850 205,876 204, 468 1,076,156 297,894 363, 434 52,303 668,402 101,298 100, 773 563,793 364,411 53, 133 531,448 104,578 103, 695 511,363 Indiana 1,310,283 1,912,297 2, 679, 185 190,983 348, 600 1,062,6.56 1,428,108 11,170,137 699,355 994, 667 1,385,239 105, 639 189,913 574, 707 752, 647 5,699,424 610, 928 917, 630 1,293,946 85,344 158, 687 487, 949 675, 461 5,470,713 439, 681 399, 966 846,862 10, 643 25,320 291,641 267, 086 1, 522, 488 233, 489 201, 452 431,701 5,617 13,400 159, 865 134,692 751,992 206, 192 198,513 416, 161 5,026 11, 920 131, 776 132, 394 770, 496 157,204 140, 690 Iowa 636,810 326, 481 310, 329 North Dakota South Dakota .... 140,462 80,108 60,344 467,663 224,667 243,096 6,429,154 3, 241, 635 3, 187, 619 811,891 396, 962 414,929 226, 624 161, 129 64, 495 111,100 114,524 3 1,858,635 1,767,518 1,. 513, 401 1,289,600 4, 740, 983 942, 758 891,585 757, 605 649,687 2,457,789 916, 877 875,933 765,796 639,913 2,283,194 356,713 235,675 149,537 69, 966 710,597 174, 119 117, 177 72, 932 32,734 365,030 182,694 118,498 76,605 37,232 365, 567 i 78, 612 32,488 82,617 32, 007 4 Tennessee h .6 Mississippi . t7 Western Soutii Central . 242, 039 113,467 128, 572 Louisiana . . . . . :S 1,118,588 1, 128, 211 180, 182 78, 475 2, 236, 527 3,102,269 659,351 585, 7X7 96,586 43, 509 1,172,656 1,819,659 559,237 542, 424 83, 596 34, 966 1,062,971 1,282,610 283,845 73, 159 133, 979 37,248 149, 866 35, 911 242,039 113,467 128,672 19 in M Oklahoma 6,939 346, 654 1,121,274 4,243 179, 660 642,158 2,696 167, 094 479, 116 V2 Texas ia 456, 105 256,768 199, 337 Rockv Mountain i4 867, 558 618,882 348, 676 246,134 144,366 100,768 '. 106,713 60,744 45,969 55 142,924 88,548 62,655 413, 249 160,282 346,377 88,243 210,779 47,355 1,888,334 93, 117 53, 346 40,2.53 245, 765 86, 401 192, 749 • 49, 807 35,202 22, 302 167,484 73,881 153,628 38,787 24, 982 13,805 56 Idaho 57 21, 484 174,893 9,970 95,531 13, 041 101,070 .5,273 52, 183 8.443 73,823 4,697 43,348 58 Colorado 106, 713 60, 744 45,969 59 60 Basin and Plateau Arizona 61 50,743 111, 975 30, 031 1, 108, 028 37, 500 98, 804 17,324 780, 306 8,302 76,155 12, 074 780,609 4,772 40,413 6,998 445, 609 3,530 34,742 5,076 335, 000 62 Utah 63 Nevada R4 Pacific 349, 392 196,024 153,368 Washington 65 357,232 317,704 1, 213, 398 221, 666 183,683 702, 779 135,666 134,021 610,619 124,410 69, 432 586, 767 79, 620 42, 759 323,230 44,790 26,673 263, 537 1 66 Oregon 67 j 349, 392 196,024 153, 368 43 LEAST 2,500 INHABITANTS IN 1890 AND WERE WITHIN SPECIFIED LIMITS OF SIZE IN 1900: 1890. population: 1890— continued. Living in cities having at least 2,500 inhabitants in 1890 and in 1900 having— Living outside of cities having at least 2, 5(H) inhabitants in 1900 and 1890. 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. 8,000 to 25,000 inhabitants. 4,000 to 8,000 inhabitants. 2,500 to 4,000 inhabitants. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 4,177,671 2, 101, 540 2, 076, 131 4,025,149 2,007,671 2, 017, 478 2, 452, 975 1,216,758 1,236,217 1,005,833 500, 567 505,266 40,583,502 21,054,517 19, 528, 985 1 1,904,671 927,744 976,927 1,696,271 828,784 867,487 978,522 481,711 496, 811 412,225 202,043 210,182 6,719,926 3,431,363 3,288,563 2 918, 043 440,740 477,303 797,283 385, 887 411,396 528, 572 259,774 268,798 234,231 116, 348 117,883 1,401,646 711,241 690, 405 3 36,425 44, 126 16,994 19,864 19,431 24, 262 101,028 80,888 26,975 375,665 82,184 130,543 898,988 48, 646 39,529 13,435 180, 338 40,469 63, 470 442,897 52, 382 41,359 13,540 195,327 41,715 67,073 456,091 78,841 27,269 27, 775 261,259 47,542 85, 886 449, 950 39, 346 13,054 13,518 128,334 23, 227 42, 295 221, 937 39,495 14,215 14,257 132, 925 24,315 43,591 228,013 38,137 22,580 17,420 94,562 12,002 49,530 177,994 18, 962 11,266 8,856 46, 591 5,973 24,700 85, 695 19, 175 11,314 8,564 47, 971 6,029 24,830 92, 299 406, 655 201,667 260,262 268,163 23,169 251,740 5, 318, 280 208,642 102,853 133,518 128,540 11, 850 125,838 2. 720, 122 198, 013 98,814 126, 734 129,623 11,319 125, 902 2,598,158 4 5 641,768 48,463 147, 261 986,628 308,147 22,937 72,798 487,004 333,621 25, 526 74,463 499,624 7 8 9 10 343,577 242, 299 400, 752 426, 390 165,668 121, 332 200, 104 203,999 178,009 120,967 200, 648 222,391 425,180 128,668 345, 140 369, 774 203, 616 62, 937 176,344 180,886 221,564 65,731 168,796 188,888 162,857 61 , 001 226,092 170,859 79, 574 28,972 113,391 80, 757 83,283 32, 029 112, 701 90, 102 63,571 24, 471 89,952 77, 608 29,971 11,967 43,757 38,365 33, 600 12, .504 46, 196 39,243 2,022,872 565,314 2, 730, 094 7, 148, 460 1, 027, 598 995, 274 286,310 ' 279,004 1,406,214 1,323,880 3, 599, 066 3, 549, 394 11 12 13 14 212,212 102,596 109, 616 174,057 85,431 88,626 59,007 27,975 31,032 41,879 21,054 20,825 2,708,063 1,372,657 1,335,406 16 61,431 30,814 30,617 7,071 11,718 3,523 5,623 3,548 6,095 99,991 546,688 51, 236 48- 7.55 38,644 18, 455 20,189 10,901 5, 266 5,635 280,233 266, 455 17 116, 259 34, 622 214, 178 54,843 16, 939 101, 403 61,416 17,583 112,775 110, 155 25,268 195,717 54,291 12, 685 95,455 65,864 12, 673 100,262 29,091 19, 015 111,852 13, 368 9,341 62, 782 15,723 9,674 59,070 20,520 2, 570 35,729 10,508 1,400 17,311 10, 012 1,170 18,418 1,379,955 681,429 4,440,397 691, 268 349,920 2, 226, 409 688, 687 331,509 2, 213, 988 19 20 21 73,704 29,504 57, 147 35,362 1,508,187 35,617 14,305 27,312 18, 221 761,069 38,087 15, 199 29,835 17, 141 747,118 29,277 28,191 49,642 4, 742 977,335 13, 677 13,280 23, 601 2,324 486,222 1,5,600 14, 911 26, 141 2,418 492,113 9,871 4,635 5,236 1,505,097 1,038,499 1,579,881 316,920 15,086,472 745,222 519, 147 797, 632 164,408 7,899,155 759,875 519,352 782, 249 152,512 7,187,317 oo 54,955 142, 022 17,201 1,074,141 25,605 67, 395 8,403 552,757 29, 350 74,627 8,798 621,384 o^ 8,661 17, 197 345, 651 4,085 8,691 170,384 4, 576 8,606 175,267 24 25 26 713,968 361, 520 352,448 1,149,963 580,357 .569,606 614,896 303,088 311,808 220,445 108,044 112,401 8,435,558 4,377,204 4, 058, 364 27 180, 125 138, 185 159, 498 155,237 80,923 360,173 90,283 69,401 81, 198 78,598 42,040 191,237 89,842 68,784 78, 300 76, 639 38,883 168,936 305, 618 186,681 261, 835 222, 412 174,417 358,224 152,038 93, 504 129, 713 116,191 88,911 180,712 153, 580 92, 177 132, 122 106,221 85, 606 177, 612 198, 969 117,063 128,157 107,069 63,638 362,439 97,046 57, 198 62,998 63,622 32, 224 182,134 101,923 59, 865 65, 159 63,447 31,414 180,305 74,583 37,626 47, 907 26,243 34,086 125,206 36,789 18,512 23,222 13, 161 16,360 62,340 37,794 19, 114 24, 685 13,082 17, 726 62,866 2,185,189 1,608,413 2,129,105 1,377,053 1,135,798 6,650,914 1,116,158 827,429 1,106,776 728, 911 597,930 3,521,951 1,069,031 780,984 1, 022, 329 648,142 537,868 3,128,963 28 29 30 31 32 33 33,115 184,576 9,943 20,975 95,201 5,340 12,140 89,375 4,603 45, 992 117, 178 76, 756 5,664 10, 177 23,632 58,328 39,126 2,866 5,595 22, 360 58, 850 37, 630 2,798 4,582 43,534 59,203 105,266 4,979 9,433 73,515 60, 509 214,911 24,678 28, 847 51,925 2,751 4,953 38,310 30, 670 106,887 24,856 30,356 53, 341 2,228 4,480 35, 205 29,839 108,024 13, 146 39,008 18, 087 7,000 19, 076 8,829 6,146 19, 932 9,258 870, 602 1,512,332 1,832,323 180, 340 323,280 771,015 1,161,022 9,647,649 465,866 793,215 ■953,538 100, 022 176,513 414, 842 617,955 4,947,432 404, 736 719, 117 878, 785 80,318 146, 767 356, 173 643,067 4,700,217 34 35 36 S7 5,710 14,468 34,797 84,651 2,852 7,360 17, 223 40,782 2,858 7,098 17,574 43,869 ^S 63,216 69,323 472,127 34,087 35, 634 237, 691 29, 129 33,689 234, 436 39 102, 457 283, 136 51, 165 142,065 51,292 141,071 40 41 290, 796 142, 195 148, 601 124,840 60,295 64,545 119,564 46,669 12,865 36,483 23, 657 95,347 59, 111 60,453 51,067 24,261 26,806 5,617,263 2,844,673 2,772,590 42 83,856 127, 803 79, 137 40,431 63,804 37, 960 43,425 63, 999 41,177 47, 164 17,963 25,615 34,098 168,296 23, 184 8,645 12,620 15, 946 81,770 23,980 9,318 13, 095 18, 152 76,526 23,211 6,436 18,241 11, 223 47,776 23, 358 6,419 18,242 12, 434 47,571 17,995 12,559 8,302 12,211 33,584 8,681 5,804 4,211 6,565 16,521 9,314 6,756 4,091 0, 646 17,063 1,501,922 1,531,843 1,363,864 1,219,634 4,030,386 768, 639 774,408 684,673 616,953 2, 102, 759 733,283 757, 436 679,191 602,681 1,927,627 43 44 45 181,331 95,496 85,835 47 22,457 29,349 11,126 15,429 11, 331 13,920 16,127 11, 6.59 7,798 6, 802 8,329 6,857 3,222 6,277 1,588 3,056 1,634 3,222 834,743 1,055,052 180, 182 71,636 1,888,873 1,980,995 425,372 548,639 96,586 39,266 992, 996 1,177,501 409,371 506,513 83,596 32,270 895, 877 803,494 4S 25,874 12,962 12,912 49 5(1 6,939 99,551 167,781 4,243 50, 972 94,867 2,696 48,579 72,914 51 155, 467 300, 342 82, 634 179,349 72,923 120,993 67, 661 111,348 34, 176 02, 181 33,385 49, 167 24,085 85,698 11,878 48, 993 12,207 36, 705 52 53 35,281 22,926 12,355 61,390 36,693 24, 797 25,656 14,457 11,198 16,095 9,646 6,449 622,424 374,516 247,908 54 . 10,723 7,169 3,554 21,788 13,800 7,988 3,426 2,214 1,212 2, 850 1,799 1,051 104, 137 88,548 41,071 238, 366 150,312 250,846 68,135 63,346 27,212 144,695 81,128 140,566 36,002 35,202 13,8.59 93, 661 69, 184 110, 280 55 56 18,078 21,. 524 10,742 12,051 7,336 9,473 3,406 8,863 9,970 21,589 2, 299 4,671 5,273 11,604 1,107 ■1,182 4, 697 9,985 24,658 15,757 8,801 13, 246 7,847 5,398 38 59 44,843 24,322 20,521 14,889 8,234 6,655 14,210 8,023 6,187 60 8,302 9,724 3,563 64,104 4,772 4,774 2,058 36,120 3.530 4,930 1,505 27,984 79, 941 135,624 36,281 1,107,725 45,971 71,562 23,033 662,419 33,970 64,062 12, 248 445,806 61 44,843 24,322 20,621 14,889 8,234 6,655 5, 699 8,611 55,393 3,083 4,940 31,324 2,616 3,671 24,069 62 63 220,218 98, 765 46,385 75,068 132, 101 88,117 91, 502 50,040 41,462 64 63,024 29,051 40, 026 35, 741 17,334 35,042 4.709 0,184 SO, 609 2,574 4,2.3-1 43,212 2, 135 1,930 37,397 8,135 6,110 50,859 5,879 2,9,55 27,286 i— 2,256 2,166 23,673 12,801 11,763 30, 839 8,143 6,499 16, 682 4, 658 5,25-1 14,1.57 2.32,822 248,272 626, 631 141,946 140,924 379, .519 90,876 107,348 247,082 63 66 07 44 Table 9.— POPULATION UNDER AND AT LEAST 5 YEARS OF AGE, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, AND PER CENT DISTRI- BUTION BY SEX, IN CITIES HAVING AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS AND IN SMALLER CITIES AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS: 1900. POPULATION UNDEB 5 YEARS OF AGE: 1900. POPULATION AT LEAST 5 YEARS OF AGE: 1900. STATE OK TEKRITOKY. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants. In smaller cities and country districts. In cities having at least 26,000 inhabitants. In smaller cities and country districts. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Continental United States 2, 054. 790 1,033,836 1,020,954 7,116,838 3,599,776 3.516,062 17,663,522 8, 777, 062 8,886,460 49, 160, 425 25, 405, 774 23, 764, 651 North Atlantic division 1,100,319 652,820 647,499 1, 144, 002 576, 186 567,816 8, 998, 377 4, 430, 512 4, 667, 865 9, 803, 997 4,965,3.59 4, 838, 638 New England 241, 133 120, 940 120, 193 313,121 157, 160 156,961 2,076,925 1,008,077 1,068,848 2, 960, 838 1,477,619 1, 483, 219 4,292 6,120 2,105 2,981 2,187 3,139 61,398 32,111 32, 852 111,330 18,856 56, 674 830,881 30,842 16,097 16,536 66,956 9,467 28,262 419,026 30,656 16, 014 16, 816 55, 374 9,389 28, 312 411,856 45, 863 50,867 21,609 23,622 24,244 27,245 582, 923 322,490 310, 789 1,056,852 166, 668 521, 116 6, 843, 159 296, 439 162, 679 158, 602 616,788 83, 411 259, 700 3,487,740 286,484 159,811 152,187 540, 064 83,267 261,416 3,355.419 New Hampshire 170,907 24,596 35,218 859,186 86,817 12,307 17,730 431, 880 85,090 12, 289 17,488 427,306 1,466,257 218,436 295,512 6,921,452 708,913 105, 331 148,602 3, 422. 435 757, 344 113, 105 146,910 3,499,017 Southern North Atlantic . . New York .... 498,451 104, 960 255,775 122, 974 260,670 52,822 128, 388 61,524 247, 781 52, 138 127, 387 61, 460 256, 039 101,486 474, 356 1, 324, 605 128,454 51, 144 239,428 667, 607 126, 685 60, 342 234, 928 667,098 3, 958, 682 801, 787 2,161,083 ' 1, 179, 554 1,951,7.58 398,880 1,071,797 558,630 2, 006, 824 402, 907 1,089,286 620, 924 2, 556, 822 875,436 3, 410, 901 7,816,347 1, 283, 898 438,914 1,764,928 3,934,934 1, 272, 924 436,522 1,645,973 3,881,413 Pennsylvania South Atlantic division Northern South Atlantic . . 97,540 48, 797 48, 743 464,510 234,898 229,612 937, 195 446, 521 490, 674 2,965,236 1,. 610, 360 1,454,876 DelaAvare 7,644 60,517 23,160 12,328 3,901 25, 434 3,762 26, 157 11,683 6,179 2,016 12,727 3,882 25,360 11,467 6,149 1,885 12,707 12,162 84,067 6,127 42, 396 6,025 41,671 68,864 458,440 255, 568 119,346 34, 977 242, 359 34,621 218, 123 120,321 56,461 16, 995 112, 109 34, 243 240,317 135, 247 62,885 17, 982 130,260 96,075 595, 020 49,648 303, 599 46, 427 291,421 District of Oolnmhia . . Virginia 236,727 131, 664 860, 095 118, 968 67,407 432, 609 117. 759 64, 157 427,486 1, 485, 783 788,368 4,8.51,111 744,289 412,824 2, 424, 574 741, 494 375,534 2, 426, 637 Southern South Atlantic .- North Carolina 283, 712 198,365 308, 065 69,953 2,404,846 143.488 99,380 154,313 35,428 1,219,100 140,224 98, 985 163,752 34,525 1,185,746 1,610,098 1,086,144 1,724,709 430,160 17,830,274 795, 189 .539.923 863, 361 226,101 9,296,616 814 909 South Carolina 5,286 17,408 2,740 633,807 2,644 8,686 1,397 319,642 2,642 8,722 1,343 314,165 60, 621 166, 149 26, 689 5,464,077 22, 948 76,841 12, 320 2, 753, 964 27,573 89,308 13,369 2, 710, 113 546, 221 861, 348 204,059 8,533,658 Georgia. North Central division Eastern North Central 460, 913 232,080 228,833 1,313.123 664,990 648,133 ■a, 878, 217 1,939,898 1,938,319 10,333,328 5,340,340 4, 992, 988 Ohio 119, 404 32,123 211, 851 48,780 48, 7.55 172, 894 60,064 16, 247 106,383 24, 662 24,724 87, .562 59, 340 15,876 105, 468 24,118 24, 031 85, 332 812,406 242, 676 338, 184 211,878 207.979 1,091,723 1.58,332 123, 285 170,868 107, 2.56 105, 2.50 654, 110 154,074 119.391 167,316 104,623 102, 729 537,613 1,087,514 313,835 1, 703, 294 419,642 353, 932 1,585,860 640, 104 164,'236 866,350 203, 486 175,722 814,066 547,410 169,599 836,944 216, 156 178,210 771, 794 2,638,221 1,927,828 2,568,221 1,740,682 1,458,376 7,496,946 1,344,166 991, 636 1,329,181 913, .502 761,866 3, 956, 276 1,294,066 936, 192 1,239,040 827, 180 696, 510 8,540,670 Illinois Michigan Wisconsin . Western North Central Minnesota 43,993 21, 339 83,055 22, 269 10, 773 42, 169 21, 724 10,566 40,886 184, 297 242,083 280, 981 47,783 55, 217 117, 759 163, 603 1,901,348 93, 807 122.848 142, 409 24,238 28, 072 59,762 82,974 963, 783 90,490 119, 235 138, 572 23, 5 15 27, 145 ,57, 997 80,629 937,565 374,759 196, 920 784,937 195, 142 98,560 399,211 179,617 98, 370 385, 726 1, 148, 345 1,771,511 1,957,692 271,363 346, 3.53 779,816 1,221,866 10,992,674 621,272 924, 678 1,011,921 153, 255 188, 092 414, 140 642, 918 5,641,396 627, 073 846, 833 945, 771 118, 108 158,261 365, 676 578,948 5, 351, 278 Missouri North Dakota South Dakota 16,988 8,519 114,730 8,074 4,277 57, 730 7,914 4,242 67, 000 1.52, 737 76,507 1,071,296 82, 616 38,517 519,013 70, 121 37,960 652,282 Kansas South Central division Eastern South Central 60, 611 30, 557 30,054 995, 293 504, 638 490, 655 594, 934 288,510 306,424 6, 896, 919 2,985,961 2, 910, 958 Kentucky . . 27, 841 22,805 9,965 13,990 11, 675 4,992 13,851 11,230 4,973 266, 389 252, 118 267, 336 229, 451 906,055 130, 3.59 128, 340 130, 153 115, 786 459,145 126, 030 123, 778 127, 182 113,665 446,910 274, 498 223, 171 97, 265 131, 967 109,978 46, 565 142,631 113, 193 50, 700 1,5,88,446 1,622,522 1, 464, 132 1,321,819 5,095,756 813,911 771,331 735,054 665, 665 2, 655, 435 774, 535 751, 191 729, 078 Alabama Western South Central 54, 119 27, 173 26,946 476,361 230,503 246,858 2,440,320 30,064 3,482 15,084 1.773 14, 980 1,709 169, 342 186, 329 69, 985 68, 530 431,869 341,037 85, 582 94, 162 30,256 29,630 219,515 173, 200 83, 760 92, 167 29, 729 28,900 212,354 167, 837 257,040 34,825 120, 984 17,498 136,056 17,327 925,179 1,086,928 332,075 339,801 2,411,772 2, 717, 133 473,083 561,879 178,696 184,729 1,2.57,048 1,. 567, 469 462, 096 625,049 Indian Territorv Oklahoma 156, 072 1,154,724 1, 149, 664 Texas . 20, 573 82, 960 10,316 42, 120 10,257 40,840 184, 496 950,219 92, 021 514, 943 92,475 435, 276 Western division Rocky Mountain 17,211 8,778 8,433 126,074 63,936 62, 138 176,275 91,335 83, 940 914, 082 536,904 377 178 2,976 1,473 1,503 24, 003 21,660 10,620 42, 764 27, 227 53,817 12,175 11,035 5,351 21,590 13,786 27,564 11,828 10, 525 6,169 21,174 13,442 26, 253 27,494 16, 698 10, 796 188, 856 140, 212 82,011 334, 920 • 168,083 334,667 119,496 82, 332 52, 833 191,800 90, 443 185, 672 69,360 57,880 29, 178 143, 120 77,640 148, 995 Idaho Wyoming Colorado 14,235 7,305 6,930 147, 781 74, 637 73,144 New Mexico Basin and Plateau 6,674 3,356 3,218 46, 957 22,493 24,464 Arizona 14, 785 36, 278 3,754 161,146 7, 615 18,021 1,928 81, 700 7,170 17, 267 1,826 79,446 108, 146 187, 940 38,581 1,468,384 64,180 97, 817 23, 675 844, 893 43, 966 90, 123 14 906 Utah 6,574 3,366 3,218 46, 957 22,493 24,464 Nevada Pacific 59,175 29,986 29,189 727,987 401, 115 326,872 623, 491 11,670 6,348 41.257 5,848 3,251 20,887 5, 722 3,097 20, 370 41,673 34. 793 84, 680 21,247 17,619 42, 834 20,426 17,174 41,846 143, 663 84,078 500, 246 88,072 49, 877 263, 166 55,591 34,201 237, 080 321,197 288, 317 858, 870 189,011 162, 238 493,644 132, 186 126, 079 866,226 Oregon California ... 45 Table 9.— POPULATION UNDER AND AT LEAST 5 YEARS OF AGE, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, AND PER CENT DISTRI- BUTION BY SEX, IN CITIES HAVING AT LEAST 25,000 INHABITANTS AND IN SMALLER CITIES AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS: 1900— Continued. FOPULATION UNDER 5 YEARS OF AOE: 1900. POPULATION AT LEAST 5 YEARS OP AGE: 1900. STATE OR TERRITORY. POPULATION UNDER 5 Y-EARS OF age: 1900. POPULATION AT LEAST 6 YEARS OF AGE: 1900. STATE OB TERRITORY. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and country dis- tricts. In cities having at least 26,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and country dis- tricts. In cities having at least 26,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and country dis- tricts. In cities having at least 25,000 inhabit- ants. In smaller cities and' country dis- tricts. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Per cent male. Per cent fe- male. Continental United States 60.3 49.7 50.6 49.4 49.7 50.3 61.7 48.3 Western North Central- Continued. 50.8 49.2 60.7 50.7 50.8 50.7 50.7 60.7 49.3 49.3 49.2 49.3 49.3 49.3 50.9 49.1 .51.7 50.2 49.8 50.4 49.6 49.2 50.8 50.6 49.4 New England 50.2 49.8 50.2 49.8 48.6 51.5 49.9 60.1 South Dakota 54 3 ! dn 7 50.5 60.2 50.3 49.5 49.8 49.7 54.1 50.4 48.4 46.9 49.6 53.1 52.6 46.9 47.4 49.0 48.7 51.0 51.3 .60.2 50.1 50.3 60.3 60.2 50.0 50.4 49.8 49.9 49.7 49.7 49.8 60.0 49.6 47.1 46.4 62.9 63.6 60.9 50.4 61.0 48.9 60.0 49.8 51.0 49.1 49.6 49.0 61.1 60.0 50.2 49.0 Kansas South Central division Eastern South Central.... Kentucky .. New Hampshire 48.7 Massachusetts 60.2 60.0 50.3 50.3 49.8 50.0 49.7 49.7 48.3 48.2 50.3 49.4 51.7 51.8 49.7 50.6 50.4 49.6 60.7 49.3 48.5 51.5 50.6 49.4 50.2 60.8 50.1 49.8 49.2 49.9 50.8 50.9 50.6 50.5 60.7 49.2 49.1 49.4 49.6 49.3 48.1 49.3 47.9 61.9 51.2 60. 7 50. 7 4$ 8 Southern North Atlantic . . Tennessee 49 3 49.8 49 6 New York 60.3 50.3 50.2 50.0 49. 7 49.7 49.8 60.0 60.4 50.4 60.5 50.4 49.6 49.6 49.5 49.6 49.3 49.7 49.6 47.4 60.7 60.3 60.4 52.6 60.2 50.1 51.7 60.3 49.8 49.9 48.3 49.7 50.4 New Jersey Western South Central . . . Louisiana 50.2 49.8 48.4 51.6 ' 52.1 47.9 South Atlantic division 50.2 50.9 49.8 49.1 60.6 60.6 60.4 50.6 50.8 50.8 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.4 49.2 49.2 47.1 50.2 52 9 .61 1 48 9 49.8 51.7 53.8 54.4 52.1 57.7 48.3 46 2 Northern South Atlantic . . 50.0 50.0 50.6 49.4 47.6 62.4 60.9 49.1 Indian Territory . 46.6 47 9 Delaware 49.2 49.8 50.5 50.1 51.7 50.0 50.8 50.2 49.5 49.9 48.3 50.0 .50.4 60.4 49.6 49.6 50.3 47.6 47.1 47.3 48.6 46.3 49.7 62.4 52.9 52.7 51.4 53.7 51.7 61.0 48.3 49.0 Texas 50.1 60.8 49.9 49.2 49.9 54.2 60.1 46.8 Maryland 42.3 50.3 51.2 50.3 49.7 48.8 49.7 50.1 52.4 60.0 49.9 47.6 50.0 West Virginia 61.0 49.0 50.7 49.3 52.1 47.9 58.7 41.3 Montana Southern South Atlantic. 49.5 50.5 60.7 51.2 50.9 50.5 50.6 51.2 49.3 48.8 49.1 49.5 49.4 48.8 60.7 39.3 63.3 58.7 64.4 57.3 53.8 55.5 36 7 41.3 35.6 42.7 46.2 44.5 North Carolina -. . . 50.6 50.1 50.1 50.6 50.7 49.4 49.9 49.9 49.4 49.3 '45.' 4' 46.2 48.0 50.4 'bi'.h' 63.8 62.0 49.6 49.4 49.7 50.1 52.6 52.1 .50.6 50.3 49.9 47.4 47.9 South Carolina 50.0 49.9 51.0 50.4 60.0 50.1 49.0 49.6 51.3 48.7 50.5 49.5 Georgia Florida Basin and Plateau 61.0 49.0 47.9 52.1 51.5 61.1 61.4 60.7 48.6 48.9 48.6 49.3 59.3 52.0 61.4 57.6 40.7 48.0 60.4 49.6 50.6 49.4 60.0 60.0 61.7 48.3 Utah 61.0 49.0 47.9 52.1 38.6 50.3 60.6 50.2 50.6 50.7 60.6 49.7 49.4 49.8 49.4 49.3 49.4 60.7 .50.8 60.5 60.6 50.6 60.8 49.3 49.2 49.6 49.4 49.4 49.2 49.7 49.1 50.9 48.5 49.6 51.3 60.3 50.9 49.1 61.6 60.4 48.7 60.9 51.4 51.8 62.5 52.2 52.8 49.1 48.6 48.2 47.5 47.8 47.2 Pacific 60.7 49.3 65.1 44.9 Indiana 42 5 Washington 50.5 51.2 50.6 49.5 48.8 49.4 51.0 50.6 50.6 49.0 49.4 49.4 61.3 69.3 52.6 38.7 40.7 47.4 58.8 56.3 57.5 41.2 Oregon 43.7 California 42 5 Western North Central .... Minnesota 60.6 60.6 49.4 49.5 50.9 50.7 49.1 49.3 52.1 50.0 47.9 50.0 54.1 52.2 45.9 47.8 Iowa 46 Table 10.— MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION, BY PHYSIOGEAPHIO DIVISIONS, FOR CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND FOR MAIN AND MINOR GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1900, 1890, AND 1880. Continental Uniteci States. New England hills Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . . Piedmont region Appalaehian valley .' Allegheny plateau Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) . Great plains Rocky mountains Columbian mesas Great basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges North Atlantic division . New" England hills Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Lake region New England . New England hills . . . Southern North Atlantic . New England hills Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalacliian valley Allegheny plateau Lake region South Atlantic division . Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Northern South Atlantic . Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Southern South Atlantic . Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley North Central division . Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain ( west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Eastern North Central Lake region Interior timbered region . Prairie region POPULATION. 1900 Male. 38,816,4-18 10, 524, 877 5, 081, 974 218, 104 1,094.472 1,433,906 2, 129, 616 5B6. 805 2, 763, 796 2, 763, 796 7,761,081 2, 318, 178 218, 104 1,094.472 1,433,906 2, 129, 616 566, 805 5, 222, 595 550, 504 1. 654, 805 1,947,754 574, 062 495,470 2, 240, 576 162, 367 508. 275 737, 763 336,701 495, 470 2,982,019 388, 137 1, 146, 530 1,209,991 237, 361 13, 689, 322 Lake region 4, 351, 498 Interior timbered region 2, 907, 942 " ■ 50,924 5, 788, 187 241,572 27, .536 221, 663 ., 177, 308 3, 725, 213 2, 857, 371 1,.W4,724 Female. 37,178,127 5,178,179 927, 253 3,210,434 3, 439, 556 2, 238, 080 2, 960, 109 4,662,912 4, 010, 571 595, 345 6, 385, 421 682, 108 958, 123 475, 604 246, 496 152, 972 176, 305 84, 313 415, 624 498, 822 10, 521, 818 2,828,221 2, 828, 221 7, 693, 597 2, 349, 958 217, 815 1, 118, 092 1,413,189 2, 021, 607 572, 936 5, 220, 885 534, 884 1,654,683 2. 004, 820 573,622 452, 976 2, 223, 906 151,4.59 511,953 770,566 336, 951 452, 976 2, 996, 980 383, 425 1, 142, 730 1,234,254 236, 571 12, 743, 682 1890 Male. 4, 108, 084 727, 549 2,719,706 2,886,267 1,884,989 2, 623, 508 3, 893, 502 3, 687, 074 511,666 6, 839, 680 493, 371 784, 995 467, 709 251,846 139, 610 170, 449 82, 728 481,341 484, 027 8, 680, 657 4,108,084 185, 489 917, 572 1,161,737 1,828,482 479, 293 2,313,759 2, 313, 759 6,366,898 1, 794, 325 185,489 917, 572 1,161,737 1, 828, 482 479,293 4, 418, 771 ■ 424,690 1,406, .552 1,704,010 505, 837 377, 782 1,925,411 120, 071 454, 694 674, 234 298, 630 377, 782 2, 493, 360 304, 619 951,858 1,029,776 207, 207 11, 618, 690 3,414, 2, 608, 37, 5, 126, 212, 18, 202, 6, 916, 423 2,936,546 2,564,874 1,416,003 Female. 30,710,613 4,220, 729, 2,717 2,951 1,858 2, 515, 3, 616 3,604, 478 5,331 461 734, 355, 162 97 136 58, 314 366, 8, 726, 4, 220, 185, 939 1,142, 1, 758, 480: 2,386, 2, 386: 6, 339, 1,833, 185, 939 1, 142 1,758 480: 4, 439, 416, 1, 405, 1, 756, 603, 366, 1,934, 112, 458, 709, 297, 356 2, 504: 304, 946, 1, 047, 206, 10, 791 3, 136, 2, 542, 32 4, 697 201 16 165, 6, 561 2,723, 2, 500, 1,337, General enumeration. = Male. 4,107,405 727,400 2, 719, 705 2,685,265 1,884,989 2,622,424 3, 886, 270 3,687,062 511, 666 5, 785, 514 435, 600 784, 960 452,472 247, 449 137, 085 168, 002 64, 273 479,910 480, 429 8, 677, 798 4, 107, 405 185, 489 917, 572 1,161,737 1,827,398 478, 197 2,313,755 2, 813, 765 6, 364, 043 1,793,650 186, 489 917, .572 1,161,737 1, 827, 398 478, 197 4, 418, 769 424, 590 1, 406, 562 1,704,008 505,837 377, 782 1,926,411 120, 071 454. 694 674, 234 298, 630 377, 7.S2 2, 493, 368 304, 519 951, 858 1, 029, 774 207, 207 11,594,910 3, 408, 073 2,608,272 37, 009 5, 119, 536 212. 078 18,459 191,483 6, 913, 122 2,932,258 2,664,862 1,416,002 Female. 30,654,370 4,219,927 728, 952 2,717,699 2, 951, 906 1, 858, 515 2, 614, 709 3, 609, 534 3, 604, 448 478, 392 5,281,783 412,411 734, 078 339, 106 1.57, 749 94, 747 134, 196 39, 821 313, 017 363, 380 8, 723, 747 4, 219, 927 185, 170 939, 470 1,142,280 1, 757, 542 479, 358 2, 386, 990 2, 386, 990 6, 336, 757 1, 832, 937 186, 170 939, 470 1, 142, 280 1, 767, 642 479, 358 4, 439, 161 416. 948 1, 405, 303 1,766,622 603, 329 356. 949 1, 934, 638 112, 900 458, 578 709, 170 297, 041 356, 949 2, 604, 513 304, 048 946, 726 1, 047, 452 206, 288 10, 767, 309 3,130,176 2, 542, 395 32, 057 4, 690, 611 201,279 16, 803 154,148 6, 558, 718 2, 719, 838 2, 500, 889 1, 337, 991 1880 Male. 25,618,820 3, 406, 574 625, 286 2,318,394 2,462,842 1,517,410 2,163,429 2, 744, 947 3, 340, 029 405, 334 4,484,286 303, 942 599, 032 161, 118 168, 038 62,897 138. 898 32, 703 293, 732 309. 899 7,160,622 3,406,574 161, 757 754,473 924, 205 1,534,562 389, 051 1,958,723 1, 968, 723 6, 201, 899 1,447,851 1.51,757 754, 173 924, 205 1, 534, 562 389,061 3, 757, 698 361, 412 1, 162, 153 1,610,094 425, 014 299, 025 1,679,957 96, 916 403, 108 625, 119 255, 7.89 299, 025 264, 496 769, 046 884, 976 169, 225 9, 015, 920 2, 355, 896 2,355,184 28, 291 4, 062, 448 147, 229 11,917 54, 955 5,753,244 2, 094, 390 2, 315, 500 1,343,354 Female. 24, 636, 963 3, 554, 599 642, 640 2, 348, 278 2, 564, 926 1,538,049 2,131,242 2,654,910 3,267,005 381 , 212 4,058,978 288,202 563, 062 95, 877 89, 261 31,309 102, 181 16,082 181,933 228, 217 7, 346, 785 3, 554, 599 153, 201 794,681 932, 843 1,. 516, 680 395, 781 2,051,806 2,0.51,806 5, 294, 979 1, 602, 793 163, 201 794, 681 932,843 1,516,680 395, 781 3, 839, 499 371, 369 1,180,444 1, .566, 640 432,831 2,88, 215 1,710,240 96, 606 410,357 6.54, 708 260, 354 288, 215 2,129,259 274, 763 770, 087 911,932 172, 477 1, 348, 191 2, 159, 129 2,291,896 24,, 594 3, 689, 741 141,194 10, 735 30, 902 5, 453, 424 1, 936, 238 2, 254, 469 1, 262, 717 1 Figures include population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. - Figures exclude population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. 47 Table lO.— MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION, BY PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, FOE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND FOR MAIN AND MINOR GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. North Central division— Continued. Western North Central Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark Mils Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains South Central division Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Rocky mountains Eastern South Central ; Coast lowlands (IJoastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Western South Central Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Rocky mountains Western division Great plains Rocky mountains Columbian mesas (5reat basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges Rocky Mountain Great plains Rocky mountains Columbian mesas (^reat basin Plateau region Basin and Plateau Great basin Plateau region Pacific Rocky mountains Columbian mesas Great basin Pacific valley Coast ranges POPULATIOM. 1900 5, 412, 014 626, 285 50, 571 .50, 924 4, 193, 463 241, .572 27, .536 221, 663 7,181,922 388, 195 1,344,292 327, 321 253,024 495, 051 1,211,247 580, 825 1,127,362 380, 200 989, 018 65, 70S 19, 679 3, 809, 666 62, 609 1,275,676 327, 321 253, 024 495, 051 1,211,247 184,738 3, 372, 266 325,586 68, 616 396,087 1, 127, 362 380, 200 989, 018 65, 708 19, 679 2, 297, 732 289, 744 326, 797 203, 786 199, 040 117,356 579, 839 681, 170 700, 953 289, 744 312, 133 52, 424 14,961 31,691 239, 085 153,420 85,665 1,357,694 14, 064 1.61,362 30, 6.69 579, 839 681,170 Female. 4,935,409 549, 924 47, 913 43, 775 3, 864, 499 231, 078 24, 434 183, 786 6, 898, 126 392, 369 1,337,936 316,644 251, 369 475, .526 1,186,826 551, 570 1,028,533 351, 030 933, 689 66, 040 16, 593 3,738,091 62, 726 1,270,988 316, 644 251, 369 475, 526 1,186,826 174, 012 3, 160, 034 329. 643 66, 948 377, 558 1,028,533 361,030 933, 689 56, 040 16, 593 1,793,617 236, 778 229, 903 152, 972 176, 305 84, 313 415, 524 498, 822 531,689 235, 778 220, 842 40. 706 12, 725 21,638 202, 930 140,255 62,075 1,058,998 9,061 112, 266 23, 325 415, 524 498, 822 1890 Total. Male. 4, 702, 167 478, 663 43, 410 37, 009 3,710,108 212, 078 18, 469 202, 440 5,699,424 302, 959 1,127,665 263, 685 217, 415 417, 244 1,078,790 474, 657 713, .569 281,293 766, 636 42, 720 12, 891 3, 241, 635 46, 582 1,071,119 263, 685 217, 416 417, 244 1,078,790 147,800 2, 457, 789 257, 377 56, .546 326, 857 713, 569 281,293 766, 536 42, 720 12,891 222, 649 238, 965 139, 610 170, 449 82, 728 481,341 484,027 618, 882 222, 519 233, 689 31,249 7,679 23,816 192, 749 133, 837 58, 912 1,108,028 5,266 108, 361 29, 033 481,341 484,027 4, 229, 946 413,468 41, 606 32,057 3, 369, 212 201,279 ■ 16,803 166, 620 5,470,713 312, 239 1,127,226 255, 814 212,906 400, 218 1,062,0-53 446, 335 633,910 259, 956 717,276 33, 296 9,486 3, 187, 619 47, 380 1, 072, 153 265, 814 212, 906 400, 218 1,062,0.53 136, 995 2, 283, 194 264, 859 66, 073 309, 340 633, 910 269, 955 717, 276 33, 296 9,485 1,282,610 156,251 152, 645 97, 493 136, 620 58, 374 314, 357 366, 870 348, 676 156, 261 149, 306 22, 138 6,839 14, 143 153, 628 109, 397 44,231 780, 306 3, 340 75, 366 20, 384 314,3.57 366, 870 General enumeration. Male. Female. 4,681,788 476, 816 43, 410 37, 009 3, 703, .534 212,078 18, 4.59 191,483 5,598,877 302, 810 1,127,664 263, 685 217,415 417, 244 1,078,790 474,6.57 665, 978 223, 522 766,. 901 42, 720 12, 891 3,241,486 45, 433 1,071,119 263, 685 217, 415 417,244 1,078,790 147,800 2, 352, 391 267,377 56,545 326, 867 665, 978 223, 622 766, 501 42, 720 12,891 218,269 234, 658 137, 086 168, 002 64, 273 479, 910 480, 429 606, 817 218, 269 230, 756 30, 394 6, .802 20, .596 176, 248 132,571 43, 677 1, 099, 461 3,802 106, 691 28, 629 479,910 480, 429 4, 208, 651 410,338 41,506 32, 067 3, 352, 520 201, 279 16,803 154, 148 5,379,016 312, 004 1,127,226 255, 814 212,906 400. 218 1,062,053 446, 335 691, 272 211,132 717, 275 33, 296 9,486 3,187,284 47, 146 1,072,153 255. 814 212, 906 400, 218 1,062,063 136, 995 2, 191, 732 264, 859 55, 073 309, 340 591, 272 211,132 717, 275 33, 296 9,485 1,245,087 151, 662 148,264 94, 747 134, 196 39, 821 313, 017 363, 380 336, 223 151, 662 146, 258 21,237 6,074 10, 992 137, 038 108, 209 28, 829 771,826 2,006 73, 510 19, 913 313, 017 363, 380 1880 Male. 3,262,676 261, 506 39, 684 28, 291 2, 719, 094 147, 229 11,917 54, 965 4, 514, 546 263, 874 1,004,484 198, 275 168, 191 329,842 984, 846 377, 043 421,838 156, 713 687,115 17,547 4,779 2, 791, 673 38,615 968, 233 198, 275 168, 191 329, 842 984,845 113, 672 1,722,873 225. 259 46, 251 263, 371 421, 838 156, 713 587, 116 17,547 4,779 1, 070, 034 78, 646 163, 2.59 62, 897 138. 898 32, 703 293, 732 309. 899 257,774 78, 646 162,287 9,129 5,704 2,008 144, 730 114,035 30, 695 667, 530 972 43, 768 19, 159 293,732 309, 899 Female. 2,. 894, 767 222, 891 37,427 24, 694 2, 427, 024 141, 194 10, 735 30, 902 4, 404, 825 271,271 1, 014, 633 203, 605 172, 375 327,347 976, 109 366, 618 369, 237 147, 008 552, 327 11,649 3,746 2,793,478 40,582 968, 492 203, 605 172, 375 327, 347 975, 109 105, 908 230, 689 46, 141 250, 660 369, 237 147, 008 6.52, 327 11,649 3,746 697, 663 53, 426 86, 515 31,309 102, 181 15,082 181,933 228, 217 148, 670 63,426 86, 242 4,820 4.495 693 101,939 87, 6.60 14, 389 447, 048 273 26, 489 10, 136 181,933 228,217 48 Table 11.— PER CENT MALE AND FEMALE IN THE POPULATION, BY PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, FOR CONTI- NENTAL UNITED STATES AND FOR MAIN AND MINOR GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1900, 1890, AND 1880. Continental United States New England hills Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau '. Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region , Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains Rocky mountains Columbian mesas Great basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges North Atlantic division New England hills Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Lake region New England New England hills Southern North Atlantic New England hills Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau" Lake region South Atlantic division ^ Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region .' Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau Northern South Atlantic Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau' Southern South Atlantic Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) Piedmont region Appalachian valley North Central division Lake region Interior timbered region V.'.V///. Mississippi alluvial region !!!!!!!...!! Prairie region Ozark hills ["".].]" Coastal plain (west Of the Mississippi river) Great plains Eastern North Central Lake region Interior timbered region Prairie region 1 Figures include population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. POPULATION. 1900 Per cent male. 5L1 49.5 60.3 50.1 49.5 60.3 61.4 51.4 50.7 51.6 62.0 51.6 61.5 54.8 68.4 57.1 53.0 68.2 58.3 53.8 50.0 49.5 50.0 49.6 50.4 61.3 49.7 49.4 49.4 50.2 49.7 50.0 49.5 50.4 51.3 49.7 50.0 50.7 50.0 49.3 50.0 52.2 50.2 61.7 49. S 48.9 50.0 52.2 49.9 50.3 50.1 49.5 50.1 51.6 51.6 50.7 53.8 51.9 61.1 53.0 54.7 51.2 51.3 50.7 51.5 Per cent female. 48.9 50.5 49.7 49.9 60.5 49.7 48.6 48.6 49.3 48.6 48.0 48.4 48.5 45.2 41.6 42.9 47.0 41.8 41.7 46.2 50.0 50.6 .50.0 60.6 49.6 48.7 60.3 60.6 60.6 49.8 50.3 50.0 50.5 49.6 48.7 80.3 60.0 49.3 60.0 50.7 80.0 47.8 49.8 48.3 50.2 51.1 50.0 47.8 50.1 49.7 49.9 60.5 49.9 48.4 48.4 49.3 46.2 48.1 48.9 47.0 46.3 48.8 48.7 49.3 48.5 1890 Total.i Per cent male. 61.2 49.3 49.9 80.0 49.4 60.4 61.0 61.8 60.6 61.7 52.3 61.7 61.7 86.8 60.8 58.8 66.0 58.6 00.6 66.9 49.9 49.3 50.0 49.4 60.4 51.0 49.9 49.2 50.8 49.2 60.8 50.1 49.9 49.5 60.0 49.4 50.4 61.0 49.9 49.9 60.5 60.0 49.2 50.1 51.4 49.9 51.5 49.8 48.7 60.1 51.4 49.9 80.0 60.1 49.6 50.1 51.8 52.1 50.6 53.6 62.2 61.3 62.3 6.5.0 61.3 51.9 50.0 51.4 Per cent female. 50.7 50.1 60.0 50.6 49.6 49.0 48.2 49.4 48.3 47.7 48.3 48.3 43.2 39.2 41.2 44.6 41.4 39.5 43.1 60.1 50.7 .50.0 50.6 49.6 49.0 50.1 50.5 50.0 50.6 49.6 49.0 50.1 50.1 49.5 60.0 60.8 49.9 48.6 50.1 48.5 50.2 51.3 49.9 48.6 60.1 .50.0 49.9 50.4 49.9 48.2 47.9 49.4 46.4 47.8 48.7 47.7 45.0 48.7 48.1 49.4 48.6 General enumera- tion.2 Per cent male. 49.3 49.9 50.0 49.4 80.4 51.0 6L8 60.6 61.7 62.3 5L4 61.7 67.2 61.1 69.1 65.6 61.7 60.5 56.9 49.3 50.0 49.4 60.4 6L0 49.9 49.2 49.2 50.1 49.5 50.0 49.4 50.4 51.0 49.9 49.9 60.5 50.0 49.2 50.1 51.4 49.9 51.6 49.8 48.7 50.1 51.4 49.9 50.0 50.1 49.6 50.1 51.9 62.1 60.6 63.6 52.2 51.3 52.3 56.4 51.3 51.9 80.6 51.4 Per cent female. 48.8 50.7 50.1 50.0 .50.6 49.6 49.0 48.2 49.4 48.3 47.7 48.6 48.3 42.8 38.9 40.9 44.4 38.3 39.5 43.1 50.1 50.7 60.0 60.6 49.6 49.0 80.1 50.8 60.8 49.9 50.5 50.0 60.6 49.6 49.0 50.1 80.1 49.5 60.0 60.8 49.9 48.6 .50.1 48.5 50.2 51.3 49.9 48.6 50.1 60.0 49.9 50.4 49.9 48.1 47.9 49.4 46.4 47.8 48.7 47.7 44.6 48.7 48.1 49.4 48.6 1880 Per cent male. 50.9 48.9 49.3 49.7 49.0 49.7 50.4 51.8 50.6 5L5 62.6 5L3 6L6 6L2 65.3 62.8 57.6 68.4 6L8 57.6 49.4 48.9 49.8 48.7 49.8 50.8 49.6 48.8 48.8 49.6 49.1 49.8 48.7 49.8 50.3 49.6 49.5 49.3 49.6 49.1 49.5 80.9 49.6 50.1 49.0 48.8 49.6 50.9 49.4 49.0 49.6 49.2 49.5 51.9 52.2 50.7 63.5 62.4 61.0 62.6 64.0 5L3 52.0 60.7 51.5 Per cent female. ~ Figures exclude population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations. 49 Table 11.— PER CENT MALE AND FEMALE IN THE POPULATION, BY PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, FOR CONTI- NENTAL UNITED STATES AND FOR MAIN AND MINOR GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. North Central division — Continued. Western North Central Lake region Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) Great plains South Central division , Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley : Allegheny plateau Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river) . Great plains Eocky mountains Eastern South Central . Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Piedmont region Appalachian valley Allegheny plateau , Interior timbered region Mississippi alluvial region Western South Central . Coast lowlands Coastal plain (east of the Mississippi river) . Mississippi al luvial region Prairie region Ozark hills Coastal plain (west of the Mississippi river). Great plains Rocky mountains Western division . Great plains Rocky mountains . Columbian mesas . Great basin Plateau region Pacific valley Coast ranges' Rocky Mountain . Great plains Rocky mountains . Columbian mesas . Great basin Plateau region Basin and Plateau . Great basin Plateau region. Pacific. Rocky mountains . Columbian mesas . Great basin Pacific valley Coast ranges POPULATION. Per cent male. 52.3 53.2 51.4 63.8 62.1 51.1 53.0 64.7 51.0 Per cent female. ■19.7 50.1 50.8 50.2 51.0 50.6 51.3 52.3 52.0 51.4 54.0 54.3 60.5 50.0 50.1 50.8 50.2 61.0 60.5 51.5 51.6 49.7 50.6 51.2 52.3 52.0 51.4 54.0 54.3 56.2 55.1 58.7 57.1 53.0 5S.2 68.3 63.8 56.9 65.1 58.6 56.3 54.0 59.4 54.1 52. 2 57.7 56.2 61.8 57.4 56.8 58.3 53. S 47.7 46.8 48.6 46.2 47.9 48.9 47.0 45.3 49.0 50.3 49.9 49.2 49.8 49.0 49.5 48.7 47.7 48.0 48.6 46.0 45.7 49.5 50.0 49.9 49.2 49.8 49.0 49.5 48.5 48.4 50.3 49.4 48.8 47.7 48.0 48.6 46.0 45.7 43.8 44.9 41.3 42.9 47.0 41.8 41.7 46.2 43.1 44.9 41.4 43.7 46.0 40.6 45.9 47,8 42.3 43.8 38.2 42.6 43.2 41.7 4C. 2 1890 Total. Per cent male. 52.6 53.7 51.1 53.6 52.5 51.3 62.3 66.0 61.0 49.2 50.0 50.8 50.5 51.0 50.4 51.5 53.0 52.0 51.7 56.2 67.6 50.4 49.0 50.0 50.8 50.5 51.0 50.4 51.9 51.8 49.3 50.7 .51.4 53.0 52.0 51.7 56.2 57.6 58.7 58.8 61.0 58.9 56.5 58.6 60.5 56.9 69.8 58.8 61.0 58. 5 .52.6 62. 7 55.6 55.0 57.1 58.' 61.2 59.0 58.8 60.6 56.9 Per cent female. 47.4 46.3 48.9 46.4 47.5 48.7 47.7 45.0 49.0 50.8 50.0 49.2 49.5 49.0 49.6 48.5 47.0 48.0 48.3 43.8 42.4 49.6 51.0 50.0 49.2 49.0 49.0 49.6 48.1 48.2 45.0 42.9 41.3 38.8 41.0 41.2 39.5 43.1 50.7 49.3 48.6 47.0 48.0 48.3 43.8 42.4 41.3 41.2 39.0 41.1 44.5 41.4 39.5 43.1 40.2 44.4 General enumera- tion. Per cent male. 52.7 53.7 51.1 53.6 52.5 51.3 52.3 65.4 51.0 49.3 60.0 60.8 50.5 51.0 50.4 51.5 53.0 51.4 51.7 56.2 57.6 50.4 49.1 50.0 60.8 60.5 51.0 50.4 51.9 51.8 49.3 50.7 61.4 53.0 51.4 81.7 56.2 57.6 58.9 69.0 61.3 59.1 65.6 61.7 60.5 56.9 60.1 59.0 61.2 58.9 52.8 65. 2 56.3 65.1 60.2 58.8 65.5 69.2 69.0 60.5 56.9 Per cent female. 47.3 46.3 48.9 46.4 47.5 48.7 47.7 44.6 49.0 50.7 50.0 49.2 49.5 49.0 49.6 48.5 47.0 48.6 48.3 43.8 42.4 49.6 50.9 60.0 49.2 49.5 49.0 49.6 48.1 48.2 50.7 49.3 48.0 47.0 48.6 48.3 43.8 42.4 41.1 41.0 38.7 40.9 44.4 38.3 39.5 43.1 41.0 38.8 41.1 47.2 34.8 44.9 39.8 41.2 34.5 40.8 41.0 .39.5 43.1 1880 Per cent male. 53.0 54.0 51.5 63.5 52.8 51.0 52.6 64.0 50.6 49.3 49.7 49.3 49.4 50.2 50.2 51.4 53.3 51.6 51.8 60.3 56.1 50.0 48.8 49.7 49.3 49.4 60.2 60.2 51.8 81.7 49.4 50.1 51.2 53.3 51.6 51.5 60.3 56.1 60.5 59.5 6.5.6 62.8 67.6 68.4 61.8 57.6 63.4 69.6 65.6 65.4 55.9 74.3 68.7 56.6 68.1 59.9 78.1 62.3 65.4 61.8 .57.6 Percent female. 50 Table 12.— POPULATION AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL DURING .THE CLASSIFIED BY SEX, AND PEE CENT DISTRIBUTION BY SEX: 1900 AND 1890. CENSUS YEAR POPULATION AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF .\GE ATTENDING SCHOOL DURING THE CENSUS YEAR. STATE OR TERRITORY. 19U0 1S90 Per cent male. Per cent female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. P'emale. 1900. 1890. 1900. 1890. 2,605,426 1,276,810 1,328,616 2, 333, 146 1,230,853 1,102,293 49.0 62.8 51.0 47.2 629,074 254, 376 274, 698 487,833 249,539 238,294 48.1 61.2 51.9 48.8 158,113 76,910 81,203 142,599 72,224 70,375 48.6 50.6 61.4 49.4 25,568 10,881 11,463 79, 742 8,518 21,941 370, 961 12,571 5,370 5,743 37, 695 4,125 11, 406 177,466 12,997 5,511 5, 720 42,047 4,393 10,535 193, 495 29,216 12, 050 12,731 61,534 7,680 19,488 345,234 15,446 6,231 6,656 29, 791 3,866 10,234 177,315 13,770 5,819 6,075 31,743 3,714 9,254 167,919 49.2 49.4 50.1 47.3 48.4 52.0 47.8 52.9 51.7 62.3 48.4 51.0 52.5 61.4 50.8 60.6 49.9 52.7 51.6 48.0 .52.2 47.1 48.3 47.7 Massachusetts 51.6 49.0 47.6 48.6 New York 164,009 37, 801 169, 151 367,205 77, 100 18,201 82, 165 175, 365 86, 909 19, 600 86, 986 191, 840 151,956 32,766 160, 512 308,291 77,285 16,770 83, 260 166,814 74,671 .15,996 77,252 162,477 47.0 48.1 48.6 47.8 50.9 ,51.2 61.9 50.5 .53.0 .51.9 51.4 52.2 49.1 48.8 Pennsylvania 48.1 49.6 Northern South Atlantic 157,523 76,104 81,419 142,640 72,308 70,332 48.3 50.7 51.7 49.3 Delaware 4,988 28, 921 9,216 69,948 44,450 209, 682 2,450 14,619 4,052 32, 105 22,878 99,261 2,538 14, 302 .5,164 37,843 21,572 110,421 4,618 26, 913 7,680 64,388 39,041 165,651 2,641 14, 607 3,247 30,752 21, 161 83,506 2,077 12, 306 4,433 33, 636 17,880 82, 145 49.1 50.5 44.0 45.9 51.5 47.3 55.0 54.3 42.3 47.8 54.2 50.4 50.9 49.5 56.0 54.1 48.5 52.7 ^ 45 46.7 • District of Colninbia 67 7 52.2 West Virginia 45 8 Sotithern South Atlantic 49 6 88, 726 42,381 59,448 19, 127 1,012,186 43,918 19, 447 26, 962 8,934 505, 774 44,808 22, 934 32,486 10, 193 506, 412 64,380 32, 886 51,788 16, 497 991,764 33,165 16, 073 25,822 8,446 .540, 144 31, 215 16, 913 25,966 8,061 451,620 49.5 45.9 45.4 46.7 60.0 .51.5 48.7 49.9 51.2 64.6 60.5 64.1 64.6 53.3 60.0 61 3 Georgia 50 1 Florida 48.8 46.5 536, 881 277,957 278,924 561,321 298, 349 252,972 49.9 64.1 50.1 45 9 153, 576 100,625 156, 725 81, 154 64, 801 453, 3U5 78,801 50, 472 77,574 38, 821 32,289 227,817 74, 775 60,153 79,151 42,333 32, 512 327,488 160,085 105, 681 149, 221 77,165 59, 169 440, 443 87,316 58, 278 79, 390 40,763 32, 602 241, 795 72, 769 47, 403 09, 831 36,402 26, 567 198, 648 61.3 50.2 49.5 47.8 49.8 50.0 54.5 .55.1 53.2 52.8 55.1 54.9 48.7 49.8 ,50.5 52.2 50.2 50.0 Indiana 44 9 Michigan 47 "^ Western North Central Minnesota 61,265 100,003 127, 286 10, 563 20, 003 64, 443 81,742 535,012 31,043 48, 976 63,013 5,470 10,420 28, 032 40,827 263,867 30, 222 51,027 64,243 5,087 9, 5.83 26.411 40, 916 271,145 60, 107 102, 596 128, 080 5,701 16,466 49,374- 88, 119 440,352 28, 346 56,617 68, 823 3,241 9,499 27,363 47, 906 230,791 21,761 4.5,979 59,257 2,460 6,967 22,011 40, 213 209, 561 60.7 49.0 49.6 61.8 52.1 51.5 49.9 49.3 56.6 55.2 63.7 56.8 57.7 65.4 54.4 52.4 49.3 .51.0 60.5 48.2 47.9 48.5 50.1 60.7 43 4 Missouri 46 3 North Dakota 43 2 South Dakota 42 3 Kansas 45 6 South Central division 47 6 298, 166 146,930 161,236 274,261 143,072 131,189 49.3 52.2 50.7 Kentucky 87.185 86,256 63, 131 61,594 236, 846 43,477 43, 082 31,403 28, 968 116, 937 43,708 43, 174 31,728 32, 626 119, 909 81, 914 82, 182 51,640 58,525 166, 091 43,143 43,860 26, 512 29, 557 87,719 38, 771 38, 322 26,128 28,968 78,372 49.9 49.9 49.7 47.0 49.4 52.7 53.4 .51.3 50.6 52,8 60.1 50.1 50.3 53.0 60.6 47 3 Alabama 48 7 Mississippi-. 49 5 Louisiana 26, 753 59. .51 2 10, 321 19, 966 120,294 161,949 12,444 29, 981 5, 316 10,665 58,631 77, 428 14, 309 29,531 5,005 9,401 61,663 84, 521 19, 605 56,456 9,641 31,284 9,964 25,172 46.5 .50.4 51.5 52.9 48.7 47.8 49.2 55.4 53.5 49.6 I 48.5 47.1 51.3 62.2 60 8 Indian Territory 1,343 88,687 104,906 663 46, 131 54,665 680 42, 566 59,341 49.4 62.0 62.0 Texas 48 Western division 48 Rocky Mountain 44,870 21,908 22, 962 26,111 13, 697 11,414 48.8 54.5 61.2 45.5 7,331 7,426 2,966 21,394 5, 733 20,440 3,613 8,682 1,489 10,142 3,102 9,909 3,838 3,744 1,497 11, 252 2,631 10, 531 2,980 3,127 1,502 12, 683 4,819 12, 029 1,652 1,747 802 6,628 2,968 6,285 1,428 1,380 700 6,055 1,851 5,744 47.8 49.6 49.5 47.4 54.1 48.5 .5-. 1 55.9 53.4 52.3 61.6 52.2 62.2 .50.4 50.5 .52.6 45.9 51.6 Idaho 44 1 Colorado 47 7 New Mexico Basin and Plateau . . . 38.4 47 8 Arizona 3,802 14,808 1,830 96, 039 1,910 7,118 881 45,611 1,892 7,690 949 51,028 1,385 8,995 1,649 67,766 686 4,834 765 34,583 699 4,161 8S4 33, 183 60.2 48.1 48.1 47.2 49.5 53.7 46.4 51.0 49.8 51.9 61.9 52,8 50 5 Utah 46 3 Pacific 49.0 Washington 21,314 19,697 53, 628 10, 243 9,760 25, 608 11,071 9,937 30,020 10, 345 14, 719 42,702 5,602 7,897 21,084 4,743 6,822 21,618 48.1 49.6 46.0 54.2 53.7 49.4 .51.9 50.4 54.0 46 8 Oregon California 50 6 51 Table 13.— PER CENT OF THE POPULATIOX 5 TO 24 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL DURING THE CENSUS YEAR CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND RACE FOR CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1900 AND 1890. SEX OB KACE AXD CENSUS. 1900 Total Male Female White Male Female Negro, Indian, and Mongolian Male Female 1S90 Total Male Female White Male Female Negro, Indian, and Mongolian .. Male Female POPUL-ITION.' 6 to 24 years. 31, 845, 462 15, 937, 468 15, 907, 994 27,475,797 13,785,223 13,690,574 4,309,665 2,1.52,245 2, 217, 420 27, 361, 746 13, 758, 743 13, 603, 003 23, 6S8, 954 11, 880, .819 11,708,135 3, 772, 792 1,877,924 1,894,868 5 to 9 years. 8, 874, 123 4, 4';9, 396 4,394,727 7. 638, 326 3, 862, 349 S, 775, 977 1,235,797 617,047 618,750 3, 830, 352 3,743,646 6,473,168 3, 276, 9SS 3,196,185 1,100,830 653,369 547, 461 10 to 14 years. 8, 080, 234 4,083,041 3,997,193 6,959,238 3,519.303 3,439,935 1,120,996 563, 738 557, 258 7,033,509 3,574,787 3,4.58,722 5,991,972 3,044,0.58 2, 917, 914 1,041,. 537 530, 729 510, SOS 15 to 24 years. 14,891,105 7, 3'^5, 031 7, 616, 074 12,8''8,233 6,403,571 6, 474, 662 2,012,872 971. 460 1,041:412 12,7.51,239 6, 353, 604 6,400,635 11,123,814 5, 559, 778 5, 564, 030 1,030,425 793, 826 836, 599 POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL DOEING THE CENSUS YEAR. 5 years and over. 13,323,122 6, 646, 702 6, 6^6, 420 12, 189, 687 6,117,170 6,0"2,.517 1,133,435 529, 532 603, 903 11,666.548 5, 949, 897 5, 716, 651 10, 659. 253 5,460,362 5, 198, 891 1,007,295 489, 535 517, 760 5 to 9 years. 4,206,302 2,154,307 2,111,995 3,9^1,1"5 2,009,800 1,961,3'^5 295, 127 144,507 150, 620 3, 726, 044 1,888,039 1,838,005 3, 459, 680 1,786,349 1,703,331 266, 364 131,690 134, 674 10 to 14 years. 6,451,394 3, 215, 585 3, 235, 809 5,8i6,411 2, 928, 743 2,917,668 604,983 286, 842 318, 141 5, 607, 358 2,831,005 2,776,353 5, 008, 809 2,666,411 2, 602, 398 538, 549 264, 594 273, 955 15 years and over. 2, 605, 426 1,276,810 1,328,616 2, 372, 101 1,178,627 1,193,474 233, 325 98, 183 135, 142 2,333,146 1,230,853 1, 102, 293 2, 130, 764 1,137,602 993, 162 202, 382 93, 251 109,131 PER CENT ATTENDING SCHOOL OF TOTAL POPULATION IN SPECI- FIED AGE PERIOD. 6 to 24 years. 41.8 41.7 42.0 44.4 44.4 44.4 25.9 24.6 42.6 43.2 42.0 45.2 46.0 44.4 26.7 26.1 27.3 5 to 9 10 to 14 years. years. 48.1 79.8 48.1 78.8 48.1 81.0 52.0 84.0 52.0 83.2 51.9 84.8 23.9 54.0 23.4 50.9 24.3 57.1 49.2 79.7 49.3 79.2 49.1 80.3 53.4 84.6 .53.6 84.3 63.3 84.9 24.2 51.7 23.8 49.9 24.6 53.6 15 to 24 years. 17.5 17.3 17.7 18.4 18.4 • 18.4 11.6 10.1 13.0 18.3 19.4 17.2 19.2 20.5 17.8 12.4 11.7 13.0 o IBJaXS