«4 LANCASTER, ELMA HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF ELMA ERIE COUNTY, N. Y. 1620 TO I go I By warren J a C K M a N BUFFALO : Printed by G. M. Hausauer & Son 1902 THE t!SRAi^Y «F Two Copies Heceiveo J APR. f@ 1902 SsO^'XXa ^3o.l / X -I J" S Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1901, by WARREN JACKMAN, ia the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. TO THE PEOPLE OF ELMA When I commenced to write the History of the Town of Ehna, there was no thought of financial compensation, or that it would ever be printed; but to please friends and to secure some records and items that might be helpful to some future writer of histor3^ I now make to the people of the town of Elma a free gift of the time, thought, study, and labor, which in the last four years have been devoted to gathering the information, arranging the items, and writing this history; trusting that a generous public will not be too severe in criticising the errors and omissions. Warren Jackman. Elma, N. Y., Feb., 1902. DEDICATION This book is dedicated to James T. Hurd, James A. Woodard, Myron H. Clark and Louis P. Reuther, a Committee on Printing and Finance, who assumed the obhgation to pay all bills for print- ing and expenses ; without this generous act on their part the proba- bilities are the History of the Town of Elma would never have been printed. The Author. INTRODUCTION Histories of nations and states, and even of some counties and cities are at hand in most of our public and private libraries ; but a history of a town is not often to be found. Why is this? Is it be- cause such a history is not necessary ; because of the small area of territory ; of the small and scattered population ; of the ignorance, poverty, want of enterprise among the people ; of the small impor- tance attached to the growth and development of the town, and the events to be mentioned ; or is it because no person or persons have been able or willing to devote the necessary time to gather the facts and so arrange them as to make a history? This, last, is most likely the true reason. Many times within the last twelve or fifteen years I have been entreated by several of my neighbors to write a history of the town of Elma. My reply "that I was not a historian,'' was met with the statement, ''that being one of the early settlers in the town (coming in the spring of 1851), and having surveyed every road and almost every lot in the town, having been the first Town Clerk, after the formation of the town, and continuing as such Clerk for three years, thus becoming acquainted with every man then residing in the town, and having in my possession and within my reach books and papers that no other person in the town had, or could have, that I ought to give this information to the people, in the form of a history of the town of Elma." After much thought and with many doubts and fears, at seventy- five years of age, being too old to be engaged at continuous hard labor, and thinking this might give employment for a few leisure hours I consented to write one chapter as an experiment ; with the agreement that I should read that chapter at a meeting of the "Young People's Association of Elma Villag'e." I thought when that chapter was read they would be satisfied that writing history was not in my line and that would close up the matter. According to agreement I wrote what is here given as Chapter One, and read it before the Association on the evening of March 18th, 1897; but instead of saying that was enough, I was urged to go on and write a complete history of the town. So I commenced on Chapter two, thinking that it would take but a few pages to mention all that would be of interest, as the town had been organized but a few years; but I found that the recording of one incident introduced another that required men- 11 tioning, and that another, and so there grew to be a wider and more extended range of subjects, and so the work has been con- tinued until some of the incidents of the year 1901 are mentioned. I have consulted, as helps in obtaining facts for this work, his- tories and encyclopedias as to the earlj^ settlement of the country, the histories of the Civil War by J. T. Headley and Horace Greeley; and for other parts of the work, I have used the records in the Erie County Clerk's Office, the Records in the office of the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Erie Count}'-, N. Y., and of the Town Clerk's office of the town of Elma. In addition to the above, from my own personal knowledge, (hav- ing kept a diary for many A^ears) and from information obtained b}^ correspondence and from persons who were on the ground and who knew whereof they spoke I have gathered and arranged the facts here presented. Among the persons who have been consulted and from whom very much valuable information lias been obtained, they being, or having been, most of them, residents of the town of Elma, and many of them having been among the first or early settlers of the town, and to whom I am under man}^ obligations, and to whom I hereby tender especial thanks for the help they have rendered, are the following, viz. : Mr. Chester Adams, Mr. John Quinc}" Adams, Mr. Harry Dingman, Mr. Edwin H. Dingman, Mr. William H. Davis, Mr. John Estabrook, Mr. Willard Fairbanks, Mr. Wallace W. Fones, Mr. Joseph Grace, Mr. James J. Grace, Mr. George W. Hatch, Mr. Niles^Hatch, Mr. Conrad P. Hensel, Mr. Cyrus Hurd, Mr. Harry Jones, Mr. Jacob Kock, Mr. George Leger, Mrs. Erastus J. Markham, Mr. Eli B. Northrup, Mr. Stephen Northrup, ' Mr. Harvey C. Palmer, Mr. Christopher Peek, Mr. John Scott, Mr. W. Wesley Standart, Mr. Benjamin F. Stetson, Mr. Julius P. Wilder, Mr. Thomas D. Williams, Rev. William Waith, Mrs. Wm. Baker (nee Lucia A. Morris) daughter of David J. Morris, j\Irs. Daniel Ronian (nee Betsey Hatch) daughter of Leonard Hatch, Mr. and ]\Irs. Jos. Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo C. Bancroft, Mr. and Mrs. John Carman, Mr. and Mrs. Scott Fairbanks, Mr. and Mrs. Wm, W. Grace, Mr. and Mrs. Clark AV. Hurd, Mr. and Mrs. Fowler Munger, Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Tillou, Mr. and Mrs. James H. Ward, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis L. AVilson, Mr. and Mrs. Eron Woodard, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Young. B. Briggs, 12 While I have been able to obtain much information from the above mentioned sources, there have been many incidents and conditions in the town of Elma within the last 70 years which would be of much interest to particular individuals and communities, and which would make large additions to this history could they have been obtained ; but it was practically impossible for me to personally see and interview every person or famil}^ in the town and to thus obtain these items, so I have been obliged to omit that part which, however, may be written by some historian in later years. Some ma}" say that there is much that is no part of, and has nothing to do with the town of Elma; while admitting that these parts may not be absolutely necessary, there is such a strong con- necting link, that I thought it would make the whole chain more complete. It may be said that to some parts of the town more space is given, more items and incidents are mentioned than to other portions. To a certain extent this may be true, as in some parts of the town information was more readily given ; and as great changes have been made in the resident population of the town, it was, in some places impossible to obtain the desired items, or to obtain correct and reliable information on the points desired. In the History more than 8,000 times are individuals, places, sub- jects, and incidents mentioned, each having required from ten minutes to five or six hours of time. When I first consented to commence this work had I realized the amount of time, labor and thought that would be required to obtain and arrange the items, and write the History, it is very likely that the Lion in the way would have appeared so large and terrible that I would have never begun the work ; but I have alwaj^s found the Lion securely chained, and the way open for my escape. I have learned that the hardest thing to find in this world is exact truth; especiall}^ is this the case when the investigation has reference to incidents of past time; to the time whose actors are dead, and whose direct testimony cannot be obtained. To deal with these questions, and to get the truth when the opinions of the living conflict, becomes to the writer of history a matter of no small moment, and requires much thought and labor. Perfection in the works of man being so exceedingly rare, and because of the inability to obtain at times the desired information, I cannot claim that this History in all its parts, is entirely perfect. That there may be found slight inaccuracies, and what some will say are errors or mistakes, is more than probable; but with the light, knowledge and help that has been within my reach, I have tried to reduce these to the lowest possible limit. 13 PLAN OF THE HISTORICAL PART The first settlement in the town having been made on the Mile Strip (see Map), followed by settlements at East Elma and vicinity, at Elma Village and vicinity, and at Spring Brook and vicinit}^, a chapter has been devoted to each of these places from the date of settlement to the time the town was formed, December 4th, 1856; from that date the whole town is carried along together, year by year, to the close of the 3^ear 1900: my thought being to close the historical part with that date, but later I decided to add some of the incidents of the year 1901 in the town as an Appendix. See table of contents for the subject matter and page of each Chapter. Mention of any person, place or event can be readily found by the Index in the last part of the book. Warren Jackman. ' 14 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE . 1 Geography of the Town of Elma 17 2 North American Indians. Five Nations 22 3 Rights and Jurisdiction of Nations 37 4 State Jurisdiction — Counties of New York 56 5 Looking Backwards 65 6 Western New York in 1797 and 1900— Settlement of Mile Strip in Elma 75 7 Estabrook Mill and Vicinity 87 8 East Elma 1837 to 1856 96 9 Elma Village and Vicinity 1845 to 1856 104 10 Spring Brook and Vicinity 1834 to 1856 122 11 Town of Elma 1857—1858 ^ 133 12 Town of Elma 1859—1865. ' 143 13 Presidential Election 1860 157 14 Cause of the Civil War 170 15 Town of Elma 1866—1884 197 16 Town of Elma 1885—1900 217 17 Names and Description of Roads 250 18 Names of 560 Persons, with Date of Marriage 257 19 Names of 400 Persons, with Age and Date of Death .... 269 20 Names of 420 Resident Owners of Real Estate in 1900 . . 282 Names of 660 Registered Voters in Elma in 1900 289 21 United States and State Census of Elma 296 Table of Town Officers 1857 to 1901 298 Table of Assessments and Taxes 1857—1900 300 Post Offices in the Town of Elma 301 Churches in the Town of Elma 302 Schools in the Town of Elma 307 Appendix for 1901 310 15 ERRATA On page 122 the 14th hne from the top track should be tract. On page 152 the 18th hne from iha bottom 1836 should be 1863. On page 177 the 13th line from the top Smith should be Scott. 16 CHAPTER I. GECXiRAPHY OF THE TOWN OF ELMA. HAT is History? History is the record of important 'events so arranged as to show the changes that have taken place, and to consider the causes that have operated to produce these results. In the town of Elma, State of New York, and the United States, its territory, matters of government, political influence, agriculture, arts, manufactures, commerce, wealth, etc., etc. — have these always been as we see them today? If not, then there have been changes, and these have been produced by certain causes. A record of these general and local incidents is our history. The town of Elma is in the centre of the county of Erie, in the State of New York, in the United States of North America. A history of the town of Elma is therefore a history of a part of the Count}^ of Erie, and of a part of the State of New York, and also a history of a part of the United States. As a corollary — the history of the United States is, in part, a history of the town of Elma. The history of any region, nation, or locality, properly begins with its original inhabitants, with mention of the earliest events and incidents, which later on work out results which bring that par- ticular region into prominence. Then follows the life work in detail. So the history of the United States usually begins with an account of the earliest discoveries of the American Continent, and the claims to territory by Spain, France, England and Holland, with their efforts to plant colonies ; and thus by possession, to hold the territory they each claimed. More than four hundred years have passed since Christopher Columbus made his first voyage of discovery. It took the nations of Europe one hundred and thirty years to plant four colonies as permanent settlements in what is now the United States. 17 INFANT PERIOD OF THE COLONIES. The infant period of this country was begun by these early set- tlements; and the Pilgrims, on November 11th, 1620, before leav- ing the May Flower gave in their Constitution the kej^ note or outbreathing of a spirit that was to grow and increase, until all the colonies should be permeated with its principles. No magic wand was at that time passed over this land to sud- denly transform the wilderness into the rich and prosperous country as we now see it. Instead, these changes came through years of toil, hardship, privations, suffering, massacres, oppression, wars and long waiting. The difficulties with which the colonies had to contend — wars with the French and Indians; troubles with Great Britain which culminated in the Revolutionary war; the trials, dangers and doubts which attended the Confederacy; and later, the formation of a government by the adoption of the Con- stitution of United States in 1787, required all the wisdom and sagacity of the best statesmen the world ever knew to save the country from total wreck. This constituted the infant period of one hundred and seventy years of this nation. Then Brother Jonathan, or Uncle Sam, had reached the stature of a full grown man, ready to do business, and the United States became, in fact, one of the nations of the earth. The young man has been doing a prosperous business for more than one hundred 3'ears. As patriotic citizens, we all love our country and have admira- tion and respect almost to reverence for all those persons who took such active parts in the early period of our history; and we take a great interest in all the events that have, to this date, worked together during these two hundred and eight}' 3'ears, which has brought us from a wilderness inhabited b}^ roving tribes of savages, into the possession of a continent extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the great lakes and Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, with more than seventy-six millions of people, and with all the vast resources and possibilities which have made us a great and prosperous and influential nation; the wonder and ad- miration of statesmen everywhere, and the leader among the nations of the earth. We have in the well written histories of our country a full nar- rative of all these events and incidents with causes and results in minute detail ; and as the history of the United States in general, is, in part, a history of the town of Elma, it is not necessary in writing a history of this town to mention these separate incidents only so far as they have a direct relation to this particular locality. The name, Elma, was given to this town in December, 1856, when the town was formed from Lancaster and Aurora. The early his- tory commenced many years before that date, and it may be well to here state that the name, "Town of Elma," and the local names as now known will be applied to any event affecting this locality, whether it has reference to a time before or after the actual organ- ization of the town. BOUNDARY. The town of Elma lies a little northeast of the centre of the County of Erie, in the State of New York and is bounded on the north by Lancaster, east by Marilla, south by Aurora, and west by East Hamburg and West Seneca, and is six miles in extent, east and west, about five and two-thirds miles north and south and contains twenty-one thousand three hundred and ninety acres of land for assessment of taxes, and is known on deeds and legal papers as a part of the Buffalo Creek Reservation, and also as Town 10, Range 6 of the Holland Land Company Surveys. TOPCXJRAPHY. No causes are known, or are supposed to have existed since the Glacial Period, that would produce any general or local changes in the face of the country in this locality. We may therefore con- clude that the hills, the plains and the valleys are today practically as they have been for hundreds, and possibly thousands of years. STREAMS. The principal streams in the town are the Little Buffalo, the Big Buffalo, the Cazenove Creeks and Pond Brook. The Little Buffalo Creek enters the town from Marilla about one and one-half miles south from the northeast corner of Elma, in a channel about twenty feet wide and three to five feet deep in a valley sixty to eighty rods wide; has a general northwest course and passes into Lancaster about seven-eights of a mile west from the northeast corner of Elma. The valley through which this stream flows is sixty to eighty feet below the general level of the country, with steep bluffy sides or banks. The Big Buffalo Creek crosses the town line from Marilla about three-fourths of a mile north from the southeast corner of Elma in a channel eighty to one hundred and twenty feet wide and six to ten feet deep. This is a A-ery crooked stream, its general, tortuous course being northwest for about one mile, thence northerly through East Elma, and on for about three and one-half miles, thence west- erly four and one-half miles passing through Elma village, thence north-westerly one and one-fourth miles through Blossom, into 19 West Seneca about one-third of a mile south from the northwest corner of the town of Elma. The valley of this stream is sixty to one hundred rods wide with steep banks, generally perpendicular walls of shale on one or the other side. The bed of the stream is thirty to eighty feet below the surrounding country. The Cazenove Creek, named for Theophilus Cazenove, agent for the Holland Land Company, crosses the Aurora town line about one mile east from the southwest corner of Elma, in a channel eighty to one hundred feet wide, and six to ten feet deep, takes a general north course for two and one-half miles to Spring Brook, thence westerly one mile crossing into West Seneca about two and one-half miles north from the southwest corner of Elma. The valley of this stream is sixty to one hundred rods wide, with gen- erally steep banks sixty to one hundred feet high and perpendic- ular walls of shale on one or the other side. Pond Brook has its name from large ponds at its head, which are in the town of Aurora just across the Elma town line and about one and one-half miles west from the northeast corner of Aurora. The general course of this brook is west of north for five miles, when it enters the Big Buffalo Creek at Elma village. Its channel is eight to twenty feet wide and two to four feet deep in a valley six to twenty rods wide, with banks eight to forty feet high. GEOLOGY. The lowest rocks are the Hamilton Shales succeeded by Tully limestone and Genesee slate. The Hamilton Shales form the bed and banks of the Big Buffalo Creek from the west line of the toAvn to where the Bullis Mills were located; the bed of Pond Brook, from the Big Buffalo Creek to where the W^illiam Standart saw mill was built, just north from the Bullis Road, and the bed and walls of the Cazenove Creek from the west line of the town to the Northrup Mills at Spring Brook. The Tully limestone, so called because it is found near the top of the hills in the town of Tully m the south part of Onondaga County, is also called encrinal limestone because of the great number of fossil remains of Encrinites, the joints and stems of which are small calcareous disks, sometimes called fossil button moulds. This Limestone crobs out in the Cazenove Creek at the Northrup mills, and in Pond Brook just north of the Bullis Road, and again in the Big Buffalo Creek just north or below the Bullis Bridge. The Genesee slate, lying immediately aboA^e the Tully limestone, forms the bed and walls of the Big Buffalo and Cazenove Creeks above the points named to the south and east parts of the town and frequently crops out on the hillsides in those places. 20 A ridge or elevation ten to twenty feet high extends in a north- east and southwest direction across the town a Httle north of the centre. That portion of the town lying north of this ridge is the same nearly level portion of the county that extends east and north from Buffalo, and in Elma is broken only bj^ the valley of the Big Buffalo Creek and the gullies caused by its small branches. The soil is a clayey loam, resting on the Hamilton shales. South of this ridge the surface becomes more rolling; the highest hills in the southeast part of the town being one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet above the beds of the streams. The soil in this hilly part of the town is a drift formation of gravel and loose boulders. The soil in the valleys of the stream is alluvium. FOREST. This town was probably for many centuries, and to a time within the remembrance of many persons now living, a dense forest or wilderness with a very heavy growth of timber and was the home of wild animals and the wilder tribes of savages called Indians. TIMBER. The principal varieties of timber may be given as white and yellow pine, hemlock, white, red and black oak, white and black ash, sugar, rock, and white or soft maple, black walnut, butternut, shell bark hickory, basswood, whitewood, cucumber, bitternut, black cherry, iron wood and birch. Pine and oak were found principally in the eastern, southern and central parts of the town. The other varieties were common everywhere. It is only within the last few years that a white man has lived within the limits of the town. INDIANS. About thirty families of Indians were the only residents. These had their homes on the flats of the Big Buffalo and Cazenove Creeks or on the high banks near these streams. It was on these flats that they had small clearings of three or four acres on which they raised corn, beans, and gourds. The balance of their living they obtained by hunting and fishing and from the whites in the adjoin- ing towns. These Indians have a history; and as they were the original owners and occupants of the lands, it is proper that we take them in review and in the next chapter give them a little notice as to their traditions, their history as we know it, their living here and finally, their selling out and moving away, giving place to the present residents of the town of Elma. 21 CHAPTER II. NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 'hen the American Continent was first discovered, the voj^agers everywhere, north, south, and east, on the coast, and in the interior, found the country occupied by a people they called Indians. These Indians were generally roving tribes, chang- ing their places of residence as wars or hunting made the change necessary, A few of the tribes were permanently located, had villages, cleared fields and orchards, and some of the villages were enclosed with palisades as a protection against any attacking enemy. The State of New York, except what is now Erie and Chautauqua counties and the southeast corner of the State was claimed and occupied by five tribes, viz: Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas; known the world over as the Iroquois or Five Nations. The Mohawks had their principal villages on the Mohawk River; their territory embracing the northern and eastern part of the State. The Oneidas lived on and near Oneida Lake. The Onondagas occupied the territory around Onondaga Lake. The Cayugas had their villages around Cayuga Lake. The Senecas before 1780 had their chief village, Kan-a-de-sa-ga, just west of the present site of Geneva, at the foot of Seneca Lake. They were the most numerous, powerful and warlike of the Five Nations. The question has often been asked: ''When did these five tribes obtain possession of so much territory?" ONONDAGA AND SENECA TRIBES. History tells us that when Champlain, the French explorer, came from Montreal into Lake Ontario and up the Oswego River in July, 1609, he found the Onondagas in full possession of all that country, and when the French first came to the Niagara River they found the Senecas there; but when they reached Lake Erie they found a small tribe at the foot of the Lake to which they gave 22 the name of Neuters; and on the south shore of the Lake were the Erie or Cat Indians, The Neuters and Eries were overpowered by the Senecas in a war between them about 1645, and the result was that the Senecas came into possession of all the land and villages of the defeated tribes. Some nations which have had no written language by which to keep a record of important events, have used pictures or characters as emblems carved on stone or metals. Other nations have made characters or figures of some sort on blocks of soft clay which when baked, become indestructible. These are now being found in exca- vations and ruins of long lost and buried cities in the east. Other nations not so far advanced in civilization [the American Indians belonging to this class] have kept in remembrance some of their most important events by tradition ; parents telling the story to their children and friends, and so on through many generations. It is not at all strange that these stories from being told and retold many times may, in some respects, become changed and so tradition, as a rule, must be taken as rather uncertain and unsat- isfactory evidence; but the main or leading thought can always be found. TRADITIONS. The Onondagas and the Senecas were the only tribes of the Iro- quois Confederacy that had any tradition of anything prior to the settlements made by the whites. The traditions of the Iroquois nation since Champlain came into their country in 1609, accord exactly with the history that we have of them; and as there is this agreement between our history and their traditions so long as we have known them, it is fair to infer that their earlier traditions are nearly correct; and as they furnish the only, and therefore the best evidence we can obtain, we are obliged to accept these traditions as approximately correct. The Onondaga tradition is that they were the oldest if not the mother tribe of the Five Nations. That several hundred years before they ever saw a white man, they lived in Canada; and being defeated in wars with a superior tribe, they fled in boats across Lake Ontario and up the Oswego River to Onondaga Lake where they stopped. Here they lived and as they increased in numbers and extended their settlements, they found fortified villages of inhabitants who were acquainted with agriculture and had cultivated fields and orchards whom they overpowered and took possession of their lands. They called them Mound Builders. The Onondagas have no tradition as to the time they overpowered this people, or as to the 23 time when they organized their system of clans, or when they formed their confederacy of the Five Nations, all of which may have been 600 or 1000 years ago. We learn by this tradition that these Mound Builders were here before the Onondagas came from Canada. It is not necessary to follow their tradition since 1609, as we have a written history since that time. The Onondagas being the central tribe and probably the original stock of the Iroquois, to them was entrusted the care of the sacred council fires, and upon their territory were held the great councils of the Nation to decide all questions of great importance, wars, peace and all matters of general policy and interest. The Seneca traditions make no mention of their coming from another country but that they broke out of the earth from a large mountain at the head of Canandaigua Lake. Thence they derive their name, "Ge-nun-de-wah, " or Great Hill, and are called the Great Hill People. They have a trachtion that before and for some time after their origin at Ge-nun-de-wah, the country about the lakes and far away was thickly inhabited by a race of civil, enterprising and indus- trious people who had cultivated fields and large villages, and that they were totally destroyed by a great serpent, which also destroyed nearly all of the Senecas, only enough of whom were spared to replenish their tribe. Mary Jemison, also called the White Woman, of whom we shall have more to say later on, thus gives the Seneca tradition of a people who were here before they came and, no doubt, they were the same people referred to in the Onondaga tradition, and the same race that have left mounds and forts all through the country from the Mississippi River to central New York. The tradition that they, the Senecas, broke out of the earth from a large mountain, probably refers to the fact that they settled there and built a fort on the top of the mountain, thus making it their home village. We can hardly imagine what the serpent was that, they say, destroyed all the people who were there before they came, and which came so near destroying them also; producing such wide- spread desolation, unless it might have been some plague or con- tagious disease. MOUND BUILDERS. These Mound Builders left nothing whereby their history can be learned, and only by the traditions of these two tribes of the Iro- quois, have we any intimation so as to enable us to even guess when they lived there — whether six hundred or two thousand years ago. 24 Two of these mounds or forts are on the tops of two hihs near the northeast corner of the town of Aurora, and two were on Lot 2 in this town of Elma on land now owned by Mr. Wilham V. Lougee, where several years ago in leveling the banks which comprised the fort, parts of several skeletons were found, the bones being of more than ordinary size, showing that they belonged to a race of people of large statue. These forts were east of the Big Buffalo Creek and about a fourth of a mile west from the east line of Elma. One other fort was on the west side of the Big Buffalo Creek on lots 29 and 30, land formerh^ owned by Lewis M. Bullis. This fort like all the others was circular in form and enclosed about eight or ten acres of land ; crossing the Bullis Road and extending to the south side of a dense thicket and swamp, taking in a large spring at the edge of the swamp. The embankment in 1852, before the land was cleared, was three to four feet high and eight to twelve feet wide at the base; large pine and other trees two to three and one-half feet in diameter were at that time growing on the top and sides of the embankment and in the ditch, of the same size and age as the surrounding forest. The only account the Indians could give of these forts or mounds is what is mentioned in the traditions of the Onondaga and Seneca tribes of the Iro- quois. INDIAN VILLAGES. The Tuscarora Indians, ha^-ing been badly beaten in North Carolina in 1711, came north and the next year joined the Five Nations of the Iroquois, which was after that time known as the "Six Nations." All through the Revolutionary War, the Six Nations were with the English, except about one hundred and fifty of the Oneidas and about two hundred of the Tuscaroras, who remained neutral. The English and their Indian allies wrought great havoc and destruction among the frontier settlements. To check these invasions, Gen Sullivan, in the summer of 1779, invaded the country of the Onondagas, Oneidas and Senecas, as far west as into Livingston County, burned their villages, laid waste and destroyed their cornfields and orchards and made such destruction that they never completely recovered. In the spring of 1780, a considerable body of the Senecas with three of their principal chiefs, Farmer Brother, Cornplanter, and Red Jacket, with a few of the Cayugas and Onondagas made their first 'permanent settlement in Erie County. The principal village of the Senecas was on the Big Buffalo Creek about three miles above its mouth, with smaller villages at several places 25 along the Creek; one at Jack Berry Town, now Gardenville ; an other, a small settlement about half a mile above Blossom; an- other at Big Flats, now Elma village; another on the flats on Lots 14 and 15, for many years owned by Frank Metcalf,and on Lots 4, 11 and 12, south and east of East Elma, and a small settle- ment about one and one-half miles southwest from Marilla village. The Onondagas had their village on the Cazenove Creek, south and west of Ebenezer village, with scattering residents for six to ten miles further up on that creek. The Cayugas were located on the Cayuga Creek, about five miles north from the Onondaga village. At the close of the Revolutionary war, the United States government confiscated the lands previously claimed and occu- pied by the Iroquois nation, to punish them for the part they had taken during the war. Man}' of the Indians went to Canada with their English friends where they were given lands and bounties by the British Government, wdiile the United States Government gave small reservations to those who chose to remain here. In September, 1794, at Canandaigua, the United States by treaty with the Senecas, secured to them all the lands west of the Phelps and Gorham purchase ; being nearl}?- all the lands in the State of New York west of the Genesee River, except the New York State Reservation of one mile in width from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, along the east side of the Niagara River. Three years later, in September, 1797, Robert Morris bought the Indian title to all the lands in western New York except eleven reservations, containing in all, three hundred and thirty- eight square miles. The Buffalo Creek Reservation, containing one hundred and thirty square miles lying on both sides of the Big Buffalo Creek, was one of the eleven, and was about seven and one-half miles, north and south, and about eighteen miles east and west, taking in all of the towns of West Seneca, Elma and Marilla, the south part of Cheektowaga, Lancaster and Alden, and the north part of East Hamburg, Hamburg, Aurora and Wales. This Buffalo Creek Reservation was to be the home of the Seneca Indians, and it did so remain for more than sixty years after they first came here for a permanent home and until they sold their Reservation to the Ogden Company in 1842. That is how and why the Seneca Indians were here so long after the countr}^ north and south of this Reservation had been settled by the whites. Since the Indians settled here in 1780 to the commencement of the year 1812 they had remained quiet and peaceable. Rumors, of trouble between the United States and Great Britain caused much apprehension as to what the Seneca Indians would_^ do in 26 case war should actually break out, and the remembrance of the Indian massacres during the Revolutionary war was anything but pleasant. INDIAN RESERVATIONS. The British had given lands to the Mohawks, and to some of the other tribes of the Six Nations who had gone to Canada after the Revolutionary war, and it was feared that those Indians would be ready to go on the war path as English allies. The United States government had given lands to those Indians who chose to remain here and every effort was made by the gov- ernment to have these Indians remain neutral. VAR IN I8I2. On May 26th, 1812, just before the war broke out, Supt. Granger held a council with the chiefs of the Six Nations who were in the United States, to induce them to remain neutral during the war. They partly agreed and said they would send a delegation to consult with their brethren in Canada. The Canadian Indians at the same time sent a delegation to the Senecas to induce them to join the British during the war. On July 6th, 1812, Supt. Granger called another council of the Indian Chiefs to be held in their council-house on the Buffalo Creek Reservation. He explained to them the cause of the war and urged them to take no part in the quarrel between the whites. He knew that many of the young braves were being influenced by the delegates from "Canada and that they were desirous to engage in the war. He said to them, if they were really determined to fight, perhaps the United States government would accept the services of one hundred or one hundred and fifty of the warriors. Red Jacket did not want any of the Indians here to enlist as that would array brother against brother; and he hoped no warrior would enlist without permission from the great council. He asked of Supt. Granger leave to make another effort to persuade the Mohawks to abandon the warpath. The request was granted and a deputation of five chiefs left for Canada. Nothing favorable resulted from this visit as the Mohawks were pledged and determined to help the British. Under Red Jacket's advice, none of the Senecas joined the Amer- ican army during 1812. WAR OF I8I3. Early in July, 1813, the General in command of the American forces at Buffalo enrolled between four hundred and five 27 hundred Senecas under Farmer Brother who Uved on the Buffalo Creek Reservation and was recognized, both by the whites and the Indians, as the greatest of the war chiefs. Red Jacket was as strongly opposed as ever to any of the Indians entering the American army. On July 10th, 1813, General Porter having heard that the British were preparing to capture Black Rock, speedily sent word to all the inhabitants, and Farmer Brother gathered his warriors telling them that now they must fight, that their country was invaded; and that they must show their friendship to the Americans by actual help and work. The British regulars, without Indians, landed early in the morn- ing of July 11th below Black Rock, but were repulsed by the Americans and their Indian allies, and many prisoners were taken. The Expedition was a failure, so far as the British were concerned, but was a brilliant success for the Americans, as the Senecas entered heartily into the whole affair. The British attack upon Buffalo, December 30, 1813, with 1,000 regulars and 200 Canadian Indians, resulted in the capture and burning of Buffalo. The American volunteers, being raw militia and poorly officered, fled in every direction. The Senecas took up the cry of defeat and sent runners to the Cattaraugus and Allegany Reservations carrying the news that Buffalo was burned and that the British and Indians were coming. WAR IN I8J4. Stone 's life of Red Jacket gives the account of a battle which was fought July 5th, 1814, on the Canadian side of Niagara River just above Chippewa, between the American army composed of one thousand three hundred militia and five hundred Senecas on one side, and the British army and their Indians on the other side. Red Jacket had from the first, done and said all he could to hold the Senecas from entering the American Army, and he had of late deen charged with cowardice, but now that it was certain that there was to be actual fighting, he joined the other Chiefs and the five hundred Senecas and took an active part in the battle. The Americans claimed the victory, taking many prisoners and drove the British and Indians from the field. This was the first time since the Iroquois Confederacy was formed several hundred years ago, that the Senecas and Mohawks appeared as enemies, or that one tribe was in battle arrayed against another tribe, or that clan against clan fought a fierce hand- to-hand battle. 28 After the battle, Red Jacket arranged to have messengers go to the Mohawks to get their consent to a withdrawal of the Indians on both sides. No agreement was reached by this conference, but the Mohawks had suffered so much in the Chippewa battle that they did not again take the field. Red Jacket obtained permission for the Senecas to go home, promising that they would return if the British Indians should again join the British army. This virtually ended the Indian part of the war. The Confederation was again weakened, but not destroyed. IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY. Many have been the guesses, surmises and speculations as to what was the strong bond that caused the tribes that composed the Iroquois Nation to be always at peace among themselves, and that united them so firmly, that in war or in peace they were one nation. Was it the league, offensive and defensive, that bound them so closely as confederates, or was it the system of clans, the prin- ciples of which were adopted, accepted and lived up to with most religious exactness, that was the binding force? It is not now known, and probably never will be, whether the clan system or the articles of the Confederacy were first adopted or whether they were both accepted at the same time; nor is it known when the whole system was made complete and put into practice. Judging, with the lights of history and experience to help us, we may say that it is almost a certainty that either one, the clan system or the confederate league by itself would have proved a failure ; and that it required both — the clan part undoubtedly the stronger — to make the most perfect and successful confederation that had ever been formed, and a government that has existed for hundreds of years ; the clan part continuing to this day and the confederation, although by force of other governing powers having been partly broken up, has not been entirely destroyed. Their tradition names Ta-do-dah-oh, an Onondaga Chief, as the founder of the league ; but they have no tradition of their Clan system. Whoever was the originator of the scheme showed such great skill and statesmanship that no nation on earth need be ashamed to follow example. The Confederation was in many respects very similar to our Union of States. A congress or Grand Council of Chiefs and Sachems decided all questions of National importance, as of war and peace and gave direction to the affairs of the Confederacy. 29 Each tribe was independent by itself in its own tribal affairs, acts and privileges; had its own council and could call on the other tribes to join them in wars of defense or of conquest. CLANS. Each tribe of the Iroquois Nation was divided into eight clans or families, viz: Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Turtle, Deer, Snipe, Heron, and Hawk. By Indian law, all members of a clan were brothers and sisters whether of their own tribe or of any other, and anyone of any clan was always welcome in any family of the same clan, in his own or in any other tribe. As a brother could not marry a sister, so a member of a wolf clan could not marry a wolf of his own or of another tribe, but a wolf could marry a member of any other clan, of his own or of any other tribe. This law of clan relation and marriage has been lived up to and enforced for several hundred years and is still strictly observed. As this clan relationship extended through all the tribes, they were bound together by the strongest of family ties. No tribe of the Iroquois confederacy would go to war against any other of their tribes; as by that act, brother would be taking brother's blood, which by their law would be murder, even in war. This explains why, during the French and Indian war, it was so im- possible for the French to secure help from the Senecas after the English had enlisted the Mohawks; and also why all the tribes of the confederacy, if they took any part in the Revolutionary War, were on the side of the English, as the English at first, through the influence of Sir John Johnson had secured the Mohawks, and also why the Indians who resided in this state would not agree to enlist on the side of the United States in the 1812 war until they had heard from some of the tribes which had moved to Canada. The rights of heirship was in the female line. A man's heirs were his mother's son, and his sister's son; never his own son. The child followed in the clan and tribe of the mother. SALE OF INDIAN LANDS. By the treaty of August 31st, 1826, the Seneca Nation of In- dians sold to Robert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden and Benjamin W. Rogers, known as the Ogden Co., eighty thousand nine hundred and sixty acres of land for $48,216 ; [about sixty cents per acre], being the whole of some of the reservations and a part of the others. The part of the Buffalo Creek Reservation so sold conveyed thirty three thousand six hundred and thirty seven acres, being a strip ;^o from the north side of the Reservation one and one half miles in width, one mile wide on the south side, and about three miles in width across the east end,being all of the Reservation, excepting and reserving seventy-eight square miles or forty nine thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. By this treaty, what is known as the Mile Strip in the south part of the town of Elma passed out of the control of the Indians, and on this strip the first permanent settlement by the whites in this town was made. By treaty of January 15th, 1838, the Seneca Nations of Indians sold to Thomas L. Ogden and Joseph Fellows for the Ogden Com- pany, all the balance of their Reservations in this state,being one hundred and fourteen thousand eight hundred and seventy acres which the Indians had excepted in the treatv and sale of August 31st, 1826. By the terms of this treaty, the United States government was to donate to the Seneca Nation of Indians a reservation of 1,820,000 acres of land in the Indian territory, now Kansas, and build mills, shops, churches, schools, etc., on the lands; and the Indians were to cede to the Ogden Company all their reserved lands and improvements for $202,000, being $100,000 for the land, and $102,000 for the improvements. The treaty was signed by forty- four chiefs, either actual or pretended, and head men and was certified by Mr. Gillett, Commissioner of the United States and by Gen. Dearborn, Superintendent for Massachusetts, and was sent to the United States Senate where it was declared to be defective. After the Senate had amended it by striking out the building of mills, shops, schools, etc., and in place thereof insert- ing a sum of $400,000, it was sent back to be signed again and ratified by the Indians in Council. Mr. Gillett, the United States Commissioner, called the chiefs together on the Buffalo Creek Reservation on August 7th, 1838, to have them sign the amended treaty. By this time, an intense feeling of opposition to the treaty and to the deed had grown up among the Indians as they objected to being sent west. The treaty received the names of but sixteen chiefs, and at the same time sixty-three had signed a re- monstrance. After much work and persuasion, twenty-six additional names were placed on the treaty, being forty-two out of the ninety- seven claimed by all parties to be chiefs; but as some of the chiefs kept away, the commissioners decided that a majority of those present had signed, and the treaty thus signed was ratified by the United States Senate. A majority of the Indians said neither they nor their chiefs had agreed to the terms of the treaty, and they refused to allow the Ogden Company to take possession. The Company knew that if they commenced an action in the courts, it would be a long and 31 bitter contest, and there were doubts whether the courts would not decide in favor of the Indians. Each party seemed afraid of the other, and the company did not attempt to take possession, but they had the Reservation east of the Transit Line surveyed in July and August, 1840. TREATY CONFIRMED. On May 20th, 1842, a treaty confirmatory and amendatory of the treaty of January 15 and August 7, 1838, was signed by fifty- three chiefs and head men of the Seneca Nation. By this treaty the Indians sold to the Ogden Company all the balance of the Buffalo Creek Reservation, viz.: forty-nine thousand nine hundred and twenty acres, with the whole of some of their reservations and parts of others, they retaining the Tuscarora and most of the Tonawanda, Cattaraguus and Allegany Reservations. The Indians of the Buffalo Creek Reservation received their money and the title to the balance of that Reservation was passed to the Ogden Company after the Indians had lived here sixty-five years. In 1844 most of them left; a few remained until 1848 when they joined their friends, most of them going to the Catta- raugus Reservation and a few to the Allegany Reservation. The following will explain as to the treaty of January 15th and August 7th, 1838, and the Kansas lands. ^ [By Associated Press.] Washington, Nov. 18, 1898 — "The court of claims rendered a judgment of $1,961,400 in favor of the New York Indians who entered suit against the United States to recover the value of cer- tain lands donated to them in Kansas and subsequently disposed of by the United States. The award is in pursuance of a mandate from the United States Supreme Court. The case has been pend- ing in the courts about five years. These lands had been set apart as a reservation for them by the treaty of 1838, but the lands were never occupied by them, and were sold by the government and the proceeds placed in the United States treasury. The court of claims originally decided against the Indians, but the supreme court reversed that judgment and directed the award in their favor of the net amount actually received by the govern- ment for the Kansas lands, less the amount to which the Tona- wandas and Senecas would have been entitled and less other just deductions." INDIAN VILLAGES IN ELMA. At this time, 1842, there were three Indian villages or settle- ments in the town of Elma; also many scattering residents. 32 One village was about half a mile east of Blossom on the north side of the Creek where thej^ had a church or small council house. At Elma Village there were 12 or 15 families who had their residences on the flats and on the high banks on both sides of the Creek. The Indians called this "The Big Flats." Here they had a burying ground, located a little west of Mr. Joseph B. Brigg's house. Another village was at the bend of the Creek on Lots 14 and 15 which were for many years owned by Mr. Frank Metcalf, and there were scattering residences east into the town of Marilla and south on both sides of the Creek for a mile or more. Here resided Chiefs Big Kettle, Sundown, and Jack Johnny John. East of this village and near the line between Elma and Marilla was the home of a son of Mar}^ Jemison [so reported by the early settlers], and it was here he died, and he was probably buried in the Indian Cemetery about one-third of a mile southeast from East Elma on the north bank of the creek, just west of a clump of pine trees on a high bank. Names of other Indian families will be given later. In 1846, just before leaving the town for the Cattaraugus Res- ervation, the Indians of the ''Big Flats" held a war dance in Mr. Clark W. Hurd 's barn, Messrs. Hurd & Briggs furnishing the pro- visions for the feast. Some sixteen to twenty warriors took part in the dance, dressed and painted in strict war style, viz : entirety naked, except mocassins and breech-cloth, the chiefs with feathers to form a head gear. This was late in the fall and the next spring they left for their new homes. This was the last gathering the Senecas held in the town of Elma. PROMINENT INDIANS. In the Seneca tribe of the Iroquois Nation were four persons who by the position they occupied and their influence in the Nation deserve especial notice here. They were Farmer Brother, Corn- planter, Red Jacket and Mary Jemison. FARMER BROTHER, the oldest of the four, a chief loved, honored and respected by all who knew him, had his home on the Buffalo Creek Reservation. Notwithstanding the force and power of Iroquois law and the opposition of Red Jacket, he succeeded in having five hundred or six hundred of the Senecas enlist in the American army in 1813. This had the effect of uniting all the Seneca tribe, including Red Jacket, on the American side, and was the means of driving the Mohawk and other Canadian Indians from the British army in Canada after the battle at Chippewa. The old Chief was at that time over eighty years old and he was over ninety j^ears old at the time of his death. 33 CORNPLANTER, a Seneca Chief residing on the Allegany Reser- vation, was with the British during the Revolutionary War. He was one of the great leaders of the Senecas and became very friendly with the Americans after General Sullivan had invaded their territory, and he took an active part with Farmer Brother in the 1813 war. He was strongly opposed to the use of hquor and was one of the most eloquent temperance lecturers of the Country. He died in 1836, aged one hundred years. We have all heard and read about RED JACKET and his his- tory has been written in full. By his oratorical powers he was able to exert a great influence in his tribe. Always true to Confederate and Clan law, he opposed to the last, any of the Senecas joining the American army in the 1812 war after the Mohawks hacl joined the British; but not being able to overcome the influence of Farmer Brother and Corn- planter and the general sentiment and determination of the other Seneca chiefs and warriors, he finally entered the army and did good and faithful service at the battle of Chippewa and was in- fluential in causing the Mohawks to withdraw from the British army. He died near the Mission Church on the Buffalo Creek Reservation January 20th, 1830, at the age of sevent3^-five years. His remains now rest in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. MARY JEMISON, called also ''THE WHITE WOMAN." By reason of many extraordinary circumstances and strange ex- periences, Mary Jemison, .by marriage and by choice a member of the Seneca tribe, and that one of her sons lived and died in this town, a brief sketch of her life is here given. She first saw the light of day in mid-ocean, her parents having left the land of their birth, Ireland, to better their fortunes in the new world. They settled in Pennsylvania where they lived until the breaking out of the French War in 1754. In 1755 the family, with neighbors, were taken prisoners by the Indians and all but Mary were killed. She was carried captive to the Ohio River and at 12 j^ears of age was adopted by two Indian sisters who treated her with great kindness and gave to her the name, Deh-he-wa-mis. She married a brave of the Delawares, and after several years she decided to take her children and go on foot hundreds of miles from the Ohio River and take up her residencee with the Senecas in this state, her husband agreeing to join her. He died before he met her,. She was twice married and had three sons and five daughters. Her crops and cabin were destroyed by Sullivan's army in 1779. She then had five children. In 1797, when Robert Morris bought the Indian title to all the Indian lands in Western New York, except eleven reservations, she managed to have one of these, the Gardeau Reservation con- 34 taining twenty-eight square miles, or seventeen thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven acres, lying on both sides of the Genesee River, set off to her. Upon this tract she and her des- cendants resided until 1816, when she sold all but two square miles on the west side of the river. In 1831, at the age of 88 3^ears, she sold the two square miles and came to make her home on the Buffalo Creek Reservation near Buffalo, where she died September 19th, 1833, aged ninety years. She was buried with Christian rites in the Indian Cemetery, near the Seneca Mission Church or Council House, and over her grave was placed a marble slab with appropriate inscription. In March, 1874, her remains were dis- interred by Hon. Wm. P. Letchworth, under the immediate super- vision of her descendants, and with other articles found in her grave were placed in a black walnut coffin and deposited in a marble sarcophagus on Glen Iris, at Portage Falls, Livingston County, N. Y., six miles from her former home at Gardeau Reser- vation. Through all her Indian life and travels she retained her knowledge of the English language. She was greatly beloved by by the Indians, and highly respected by the whites who became acquainted with her. Having been with the Indians all but 12 years of her life and for more than sixty years with the Seneca tribe, she had time and opportunity to learn all that could be learned of their traditions and early life. The traditions of the Senecas as herein given, are from her statements, so we take them as being as nearly correct as anything we will be likely to get from any source. INDIAN CHARACTER. The character of the Indian has been given by different writers, as cruel, vindictive, jealous, full of bitter hatred, revengeful and murderous; bitter enemies, never forgetting any injury or insult: on the other hand as true friends, never forgetting a kindness or favor. The men were lazy, never performing any labor if they could find any way to avoid it, but they would help to build the house, and were always ready to hunt and fish, and ready for a wrestle, foot race, game of ball in summer and drive the snake in winter. The women cleared the land and raised corn, beans, and other crops for family food. All labor and drudgery was hers to per- form and endure; in fact, she was little, if any better than a slave. CONFEDERACY NOT DESTROYED. Mention of some of the events of the war of 1812 has been made because a part of the Buffalo Creek Reservationw as in this 35 town, and the Reservation was the home of the Seneca Nation and three of their villages were in the town ; that probably some of the Elma Indians were in the Chippewa battle ; and to show the strong hold Iroquois law had on all the Indians. This unwritten law has held the members of the different tribes to- gether through all the trying changes of probably more than eight hundred years; and was the strong bond from which they were so slow to break away. In fact, the Senecas would not enter into any treaty or transact any important business without calling a general council of the Great Chiefs of the Iroquois Confederacy. While the results of the Revo- lutionary war had the effect to scatter the tribes which have since been broken into pieces and the parts widely separated ; yet the Confederacy is not destroyed, and the clan system exists in all the tribes to this day. In the summer of 1896, a Grand Council was called at Tuscarora Village to elect and install into office a new Tuscarora Chief. As the Seneca Nation had possession here for nearl}^ two hun- dred years and had three or four villages in this town for sixty-five years, and for more than fifty years were the actual owners of the soil, the history of the town of Elma should have this record of its early inhabitants. 36 CHAPTER III. RIGHTS AND JURISDICTIONS OF NATIONS. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS BY PURCHASE. ABSTRACT OF TITLE. ^ ' T is a question of first and greatest importance to a person •7 ) intending to purchase a piece of land to know that the TT party with whom he negotiates has the right to sell and con- vey. Can he give a perfect title? Individuals obtain these rights to lands by gifts, by in- heritance and by purchase; and the question of title goes back to first purchaser or owner, and then comes the question, "Of whom did he purchase?" So a thorough search of the records of transfer and a certified statement or abstract showing that the claim of title is perfect, is required. This search often reaches back to state, and even to national rights. Nations claim rights of sovereignty and jurisdiction over ter- ritories by discovery, by conquest and by purchase; and we nmst know by what means and when, the nation became possessed of the rights as claimed. It is proposed in this chapter of the history of the town of Elma, to make a search of the records of claims and rights of sovereignty, jurisdiction and ownership, and thus, to make out such an abstract that the question whether there is, in fact, such a town as Elma; and to show how, Avhen and why, and the authority, if any there shall be, by which the town was originated. For hundreds of years before this country was discovered it had been the rule and practice among the rulers in the old world for one king to make war against a neighboring or weaker king for the purpose of executing punishment for an actual or pre- tended insult or injury, or to compel the payment of tribute, or for conquest. The right to thus make war was claimed by the con- queror because he had the power to enforce his demand; and it was conceded by the conquered, simply because he had to. It was the old rule : that might makes right. A new system of extending control over territories was started in 1492, when Columbus upon landing on the western hemisphere, took possession in the name of and for the use of his sovereigns, the King and Queen of Spain. 37 France, Holland and England each acknowledged, accepted and adopted this new way of acquiring territor}^ Spain in this way, by her navigators, took possession of Florida, Mexico and South America, and claimed the territor}^ extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but they never, by settlements, tried to hold on the Atlantic coast north of Georgia. French explorers by the same rule claimed from Florida to Labrador and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The French soon relinquished the Atlantic coast south of Nova Scotia and occupied the region of the St. Lawrence, extending their forts and trading posts along the lakes and along the Mississippi River, and claiming all the territory drained by the great lakes and the Mississippi and its branches. These branches embraced western, central and north- ern New York and all west of the Allegany mountains. HOLLAND. Henry Hudson, of the Holland service, sailed along the Atlantic coast in 1609, from Virginia to New York Ba}^ and up the Hudson River as far as Albany, claiming east to the Connecticut River and west and north indefinitely. England, by John Cabot, navigator, in 1498, claimed from Florida to Nova Scotia and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. All these powers recognized the rights of the resident Indians, and by all grants and charters issued to individuals, companies or corporations, they were compelled to negotiate with the Indians for the privilege to occupy and use the soil. England tried for many years to establish colonies on her claimed territory and thus to hold possession against the other claimants. To do this, charters were granted to individuals and companies, giving to them the right to settle and occupy the described territory. These charters were given to several colonies along the Atlantic coast, but we shall now generally refer only to those that covered and included western New York, as these grants and charters are a part of the claim of title to our lands. By the foregoing, it will be seen that the Indians, the Dutch, English and French claimed western New York at the same time and we will trace the claim of each. On September 9th, 1609, Henry Hudson, a Dutch navigator, sailed into New York Bay and thence up the Hudson River as far as Albany and claimed the country for Holland. In 1613 they built a fort on Manhattan Island. In 1621, the Dutch West India Company, having received a charter from the Holland Govern- ment ,took possession and colonized New Amsterdam, [now New York] and also Fort Orange, [now Albany] and claimed all of 38 what is the State of New York and east to the Connecticut River. It is here not necessary to enumerate the troubles that sprung up by other settlements being started on this territory that had not received permission from the Dutch Company, nor to mention their system of grants to owners of lands, as these are fully stated in the histories of the United States. The Dutch continued in possession and occupancy until August 27, 1664, when an English man of war entered New York Bay, which was followed the first and second day after by three more all under command of Col. Richard Nichols. On August 30, Col. Nichols demanded of Peter Stuyvesant, Gov. of the colony, the surrender of ''all forts, towns or places of strength which are now possessed by the Dutch and also the town on the Island of Manhattan, with all the forts thereunto belonging, "offering to secure to every man, his estate, hfe and liberty who shall readily submit to this demand. On September 5th, 1664, Gov. Stuyvesant made the surrender and the State of New York passed from the Dutch. The treaty of Breda, July 31st, 1667, between England, France and Holland, ceded New York and New Jersey to England, and effectually wiped out the Dutch claim to all of New York; FRANCE. In 1609, the French entered the State of New York via Lake On- tario and by that act claimed the country. They moved on west even to the Mississippi River and down that river, establishing forts and trading posts; they claimed all the country drained by the Mississippi and its branches and by the Great Lakes which includes western New York. So now we have as claimants here, the French, English and the Indians. This condition continued for more than one hundred and forty years and war between England and France was declared May 18, 18, 1756. Then followed in this country what is known as the French and Indian war. Result : All the French strongholds, here and in Canada, are captured, and at the treat}^ of peace at Paris, February 10, 1763, between England, France and Spain ; France cedes all her claimed territory east of the Mississippi River to England. This clears western New York of France as a claimant and gives to England all the Atlantic coast north of 31° north latitude and west to the Mississippi River. ENGLAND. England based her claim to territory in North America on the discovery by John Cabot in 1498, and by that, claimed the coun- 39 try from Florida to Nova Scotia and from the Atlantic to the Pacific; and grants were made by the king to individuals and companies. These grants carried with them certain privileges as to the laws that the colonists were permitted to make. These grants were often made to overlap or interfere with grants previously made, and so, many times troubles arose be- tween the colonies as to certain rights and jurisdictions. The first charter granted by King James I. that covered the town of Elma was in 1620, to the Plymouth Company, to embrace all the territory between latitude forty degrees and forty-eight de- grees, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. At that time. Western New York was claimed by the Dutch and the French, but the Dutch claim was wiped out by the treaty of Breda July 31st, 1667, and the French claim was removed by the treaty at Paris February 10th, 1763. Thus, after one hundred and forty- three years of counter- claims, the charter of 1620 is the authority that will remain. Another charter, covering most of the territor}^ conveyed in the charter of 1620, was granted to the Duke of York by Charles II in March, 1664. The territory covered by this grant at that time, was in the possession of the Dutch, but the surrender by the Dutch, September 5th, 1664, which was confirmed b}^ the treaty of Breda, July 31st, 1667, made it all right for the Duke of York as to the Dutch. So the contest was between this charter and the charter by James I to the Plymouth Company in 1620. Eng- land's right as a nation to sovereignty and jurisdiction is now undisputed to territory east of the Mississippi river, only so far as the charters would conflict. In 1683, the Duke of York sends Thomas Dungan as Governor of the New York Colony, with instructions to call an assembly which passed the act entitled, "Charter of Liberties and Privi- leges granted by his Royal Highness to the inhabitants of New York and its dependencies, ' ' by which legislative powers were granted to the colony. The troubles between the Colonies and England from this time to September 5th, 1774, when fifty-three delegates from the twelve colonies — Georgia not present — met in Philadelphia, as the First Continental Congress, are fully set forth in our histories and need not be repeated here. The Convention adjourned October 20th, agree- ing to meet again on May 10th, 1775, if the grievances continued. The battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775, was the beginning of the Revolutionary War. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, May 10th, 1775, John Hancock, president. The delegates resolved to resist further tyranny. June 15th, they voted to raise an army of 20,000 men and elected George Wash- ington as Commander in Chief of all colonial forces. 40 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE— REVOLUTIONARY WAR. June 7th, 1776, Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution into Congress declaring that " the United Colonies are of right and ought to be free and independent states." June 10th a committee, con- sisting of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massa- chusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Roger Sherman of Connecticut and Robert Livingston of New York, was chosen to draw up a declaration in harmony with the Lee resolution. The Declaration of Independence was the result and received unanimous support, and on July 4th, 1776, it was signed. The Revolutionary War followed for nearly eight years and on November 30th, 1782, preliminary articles of peace were signed at Paris by Richard Oswald on the part of Great Britain, and John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay and Henry Laurons on the part of the United States. April 11th, 1783, Congress proclaimed cessation of hostilities, and on April 15th ratified the preliminary treaty. On September 23d, 1783, a definite treaty was signed by David Hartley on the part of Great Britain, and Benjamin Franklin John Adams and John Jay on the part of the United States. England conceded the independence of the American States, with bound- ary north by Canada, west by the Mississippi river, south by thirty- one degrees of latitude. This passed all rights claimed by Great Britain to the United States and leaves the thirteen states with their rights and powers. May 14th, 1787, the Constitutional Convention assembled at Philadelphia. On September 17th, thirty-nine of the fifty-five delegates signed the new Constitution, and it was sent by Congress to the States for their sanction ; in 1787 and 1788, it was adopted by the thirteen states, and became the supreme law of the land. This Constitution binds the states together and forms and puts before the world a nation with full authority and power of sover- eignty and jurisdiction over all its territory. ABSTRACT OF TITLE. Having gone through with the claims of England, France and Holland to rights of sovereignty and jurisdiction, until in 1787, these rights are vested in the United States, being the thirteen states which comprised the Federal Union. An abstract showing how and when each colony, state, company and corporation obtained their rights , and to have this abstract continued until 1842, will present a continuous chain of title and show on what right the claim of 41 ownership is now based, and to what transfer of title each person can turn as his authority for present ownership. This, with explan- atory notes, will rr^^ke up that part of the history of Elma known as Abstract of Title. England — Claim by discoveries in 1497 and 1498, by John and Se- bastian Cabot. The Atlantic coast from Florida to Nova Scotia, and west to the Pacific Ocean. France — Claim by discovery in 1504, of New Foundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and later occupancy of all territory drained by the Great Lakes, and ' Mississippi river, and its branches, including western, central and northern New York. Holland — Claim by discovery 1609, Delaware Bay and Atlantic coast. New York Bay, Hudson River to Albany , east to the Connecticut River, including Long Island, west and north indefinitely. Grant in 1621, from straits of Magellan to farthest north, and to take possession of New Netherlands in 1622. Holland by State's General to The Dutch West India Co. England to The Plymouth Co. The Plymouth Co. To JohnEndicottetal. England by James I to Endicott Co. N.. Endicott Co. to Massachusetts Bay Colony. England by Charles II. To Massachusetts Bay Company. Grant, in 1620, all between 40° and 48° north latitude, and east and west from sea to sea. Grant, March 19, 1628. Territory from three miles south of the river Charles, to three miles north from the norther-most part of the river Merrimac, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Charter, March 4, 1629, to the Endicott Com- pany as the Governor and Company of Massa- chusetts Bay, in New England; above territory and to constitute a body politic with Governor. Deputy and eighteen assistants to be elected by the people annually and a General Assembly of Freemen with legislative powers to meet as often as necessary. Assign above August, 1629, to the Colonists, thus forming an independent provincial govern- ment, and in October John Winthrop was elected Governor. Above charter confirmed, February, 1662, giv- ing liberty of conscience. 42 England by Charles II. To James, Duke of York. Dutch W.India Co. To Duke of York by Rich. Nickols Gov. Holland To England. Duke of York To Colony of N. Y. France To England. Charter, in March, 1664, territory to include New Jersey, Long Island, east to the Connecticut river, north and west indefinitely. Surrender, September 5th, 1664, of all forts, towns, and occupancy of all territory claimed by the Compan}^ in New York and Connecticut. Treaty of Breda, July 31st, 1667, cedes all ter- ritory in New York et al. In 1683, the Duke of York sent Thomas Dungan as Royal Governor of New York, with instruc- tion to call an assembly, which, on October 17th, 1683, passed the act entitled "Charte- of Liberties, granted by his Royal Highness to the inhabitants of New York and its de- pendencies," by which act, legislative powers were granted to the Colony with a charter of liberties and toleration to all Christians. Treaty of Peace at Paris, February 10th, 1763, between England, France and Spain. France cedes Canada and all claims and territory east of the Mississippi river and north of 31° of latitude to England. This gives England sovereignty over Canada and the thirteen colonies. New York General Committee — April 20th, 1774, call a Pro- vincial Convention, which asks Massachusetts to issue a call for a Colonial Convention, and name a time and place for the Congress to meet. Massachusetts, General Court, May 24th, 1774, resolves that a Colonial Congress is necessary, and suggests that it be held in Philadelphia on September 1st, 1774. Other Colonies were notified. First Colonial or Continental Congress of fifty three delegates meets in Philadelphia, September 5th, 1774. Adopt a Declaration of Colonial rights; claim right of self government; specify the wrongs that Eng- land puts upon the colonies; agree to resist what they consider unconstitutional assumption of governmental power by England; and on 43 October 20th adjourn to meet in Philadelphia May 10th, 1775, if a redress of grievances is not made by England. Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775, begins the Revolutionary war. Second Constitutional Congress meets in Philadelphia May 10th 1775; the delegates resolve to resist further tyranny. June 15th, vote to raise an army of 20,000 men, and elect George Washington Commander in Chief of all colonial forces. The Revolutionary War continues. I'he State of New York adopts a State Constitution, April 20th, 1777; amended in 1801, 1821, 1846, 1867, 1894. The United States. Qn November 15th, 1777, the Continental Con- gress adopts articles of Confederation. State of New York, February 5th, 1778, ratifies the articles of Confederation. State of Massachusetts, in 1779, adopts a State Constitution. England Treaty of Paris, September 23d, 1783, Eng- The United States. ^SiU^^l concedes the independence of the thir- teen American States, with boundary north by Canada, west by the Mississippi River, south by 31° north latitude, with all rights of sovereignty, jurisdiction and territory. SETTLEMENT BETWEEN MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW YORK. Massachusetts. Note — Massachusetts claimed all of New York north of 42° of latitude, by her charter of 1620 and 1628. New York, by her charter of 1664, claimed all of New York and east to the Connecticut river, including Vermont. This crossing of claims was a continual source of trouble between the states, and with the in- dividual settlers. Soon after the Revolution- ary war closed, Massachusetts made several attempts to have the difference settled; and, to have a boundary line established, and to settle her claims to jurisdiction. Committees appointed by both states in 1783 failed to come to an agreement and Massachusetts applied 44 to Congress to have her rights under the charter of 1628 recognized. New York, also, went to Congress with her claim under the charter of 1664. Congress December 2d, 1785, appointed Thomas Hutchins of New Jersey, David Ritterhouse of Pennsylvania, and John Ewing to run the line between Massa- chusetts and New York, which they did. But this did not settle the claim of Massachusetts to the lands west of the line. So Congress ap- pointed James Duane, Robert R. Livingston, Robert Yates, John Haring, Melancthon Smith and Egbert Benson, Commissioners, on the part of New York; and John Lowell, James Sul- livan, Rufus King, and Theophilus Parsons, Commissioners, on the part of Massachusetts, to meet at Hartford, Conn., and settle the con- troversy. DEED BETWEEN MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW YORK. State of New York to State of Massa- chusetts and State of Massa- chusetts to State of New York. Mutual deed, dated December 16, 1786, re- corded in Erie County Clerk 's office, in Liber 26, Page 469. [Note— This deed being a settlement of title to all lands in Western New York, the part especially referring to those lands is here given.] 1st. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts doth hereby cede, grant, release and confirm to the State of New York, all the claim, right, and title which the Commonwealth of Massachusetts hath to the government, sovereignty, and juris- diction of the land and territories so claimed by the State of New York as hereinbefore stated to wit: Whereas, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, claiming among other things all the territory de- scribed as all that part of New England in America which lieth and extendeth between the great river called Merrimac and a certain other called the Charles river, being the bottom of a Bay called Massachusetts Bay, and also all the lands lying within three English miles to the southward of the southernmost part of the 45 said Bay, and extending thence northward in latitude to the northward of every part of the said river Merrimac, and in breadth of latitude aforesaid extending throughout all the main-land in longitude westward to the Southern Ocean, as the just and proper right of the said Common- wealth; and as the State of New York has set up a claim to a part of the land above men- tioned, to wit : bounded on the north by above line of northwest part of Merrimac, and south by the southmost part of Massachusetts Bay, and on the west by the limits between the United States and the King of Great Britain, and the cession from the State of New York to the United States and east by the line agreed on and established between the late colony of New York and the Massachusetts Bay in the year 1773, and from the northern termination of the said line, then bounded on the east b}^ the west bank of the Connecticut River. 2. That the State of New York doth hereby cede, grant, release and confirm to the said Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, and to the use of the Commonwealth, their grantees, and the heirs and assigns of such grantees, forever, the right of pre-emption of the soil from the Native Indians, and all other, the estate right, title and proper- ty (the right and title of government, sovereign- ty and jurisdiction excepted), which the state of New York hath of, in and to 230,400 acres to be located by the Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts to be situated to the northward of and adjoining to land granted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to Daniel Cox and Robert Litten Hooper and their associates and between the Rivers Oswego and Chenango, and also the lands and territories within' the following limits and bounds, that is to say: Beginning in the north bounds, the State of Pennsylvania in the parallel of 42° north lati- tude, at a point distant eighty-two miles from the northeast corner of the state of Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River, thence, on a due meridian north, to the boundary line between the United States and 46 the King of Great Britain, thence, westerly and southerly along said boundar}^ line to a meridian which will pass one mile east from the northern terminus of the strait or waters between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, thence east along said meridian to the south shore of Lake Ontario, thence on the eastern side of the said strait, by a line always one mile distant and parallel to the said strait to Lake Erie, thence west to the boundary line between the United States and the King of Great Britain, thence along the said boundary line until it joins with the line of cession from the State of New York to the United States, thence, southerly along the said line of cession to the north-west corner of the State of Pennsjdvania, thence east along the north bound ar}^ line of the State of Pennsyl- vania to the place of beginning, and which said lands are a part of the territor}^ claimed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 3. The State of Massachusetts doth hereby cede, grant, release and confirm to the state of New York, and to the use of the state of New York, their grantees, and the heir and assigns of such grantees, forever, the right of pre- emption of the soil from the native Indians, and all and other estate, right, title and prop- erty which the Commonwealth of Massachusetts hath in, or to the residue of the lands and terri- tories so claimed by thQ state of New York herein before stated and particularly specified. [Then follow several sections not necessary to mention here.] 10th. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts may grant the right of pre-emption of the whole, or any part of the said lands and territories to an}^ person or persons, who, by virtue of such grant shall have good right to extinguish, by purchase of the claims of the native Indians, by any such grantee or grantees, unless the same shall be in the presence of, and approved by a superintendent to be appointed for such purpose by the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, and having no interest 47 in such purchase and unless such purchase shall be confirmed by the commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts. Signed by John Lowell, James Sullivan, Theophilus Persons, Rufus King, Commissioners for and in behalf of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. James Duane, Robert R. Livingston, Robert Yates, John Harring, Melancton Smith, Egberf Benson, For and in behalf of the State of New York. Done at the City of Hartford, Conn., the 16th day of December, 1786. The State of Massachusetts, February 7th, 1788, ratifies the Con- stitution of the United States, by a vote of 187 to 168. The State of New York, July 26th, 1788, ratifies the Constitution of the United States, by a vote of 31 to 29. State of Massa- By authority of deed, December 16th, 1786, chusetts g^^^g Qf ^g^^ York to Massachusetts.— Oliver Phelps Sold right of soil and pre-emption from the In- ^°<^ dians, of the whole Massachusetts tract of 6,000,- Nathaniel Gorham ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ pj^^^p^ ^ Gorham failing to make payment; by settlement made November 21st, 1788, they, Phelps & Gorham, retain 2,600,000 acres from the east side of the tract. Phelps & Gorham November 21st, 1788, the balance of the tract, State o?Massa- by settlement, reverts back to the State of chusetts. Massachusetts. The east line of the Phelps & 3,400,000 acres. Gorham tract by this settlement begins in the north line of the State of Pennsylvania, 82 miles west from the north-east corner of Pennsylvania. The west line of the Phelps & Gorham tract, begins in the north line of Pennsylvania, 126 and 78-100 miles west from the northeast line of Penn- sylvania, thence due north to the forks of the Genesee River and Conawango Creek — ^thence west 12 miles, thence north 24° east to Lake 48 State of M?issa- chusetts to Samuel Ogden. Samuel Ogden to State of Massa- chusetts. State of Massa- chusetts to Robert Morris. Robert Morris to Agents of Holland Land Co. Names of members Wilhem Willink. Jan Willink. Nicholas VanStop- horst. Jacob Van Stop- horst. Nicholas Hubbard. Peter Van Eeghen. Isaac Ten Cate. Hendrick Vollen- hoven. Christina Koster, (widow.) Tan Stadnitski. Rutger J. Schim- melpennick. United States to Seneca Nation of Indians. Ontario. This line has since been known as the west Hne of the Phelps & Gorham purchase. In the fall of 1788, a council of the Seneca Nation was held on Buffalo Creek, at which Mr. Phelps bought of the Indians their right and title to the 2,600,000 acres that Phelps & Gor- ham had bought of the State of Massachusetts. The price as agreed upon -at that council was $5,000 cash in hand and an agreement to pay $500 annually forever. This was about half a cent per acre. Agreement, May 11th, 1791, Recorded in Erie County Clerk's Office in Liber 24, Page 408, to convey all of the Massachusetts lands west of Phelps & Gorham 's tract. Release May 11th, 1791— Recorded in Liber 24, Page 413, release from above agreement. Deed May 11th, 1791. Liber 24, Page 415, conveys the soil and pre-emption right to all the balance of Massachusett's lands in the State of New York, 3,400,000 acres west of Phelps & Gorham 's tract. July 20th, 1793.— Robert Morris reserves from the east side of his purchase from Massa- chusetts of May nth, 1791,about 1-7 of the whole tract, so that the west line of his reserve, and east line of Holland Land Company's lands, begin at a point in north line of Pennsylvania, 12 miles west from south-west corner of Phelps & Gorham tract and 138 78-100 miles west from the north-east corner of the State of Pennsyl- vania at the Delaware River, thence, due north to near the center of the town of Stafford in Genesee County, thence due west 2.07875 miles being 2 miles, 6 chains and 30 links, thence due north to Lake Ontario. Morris agreed to ex- tinguish the Indian title to all, except the New York Reservation of one mile wide on the east side of Niagara River. Conveys about 2,625,- 000 acres. Treaty, September 1794, at Canandaigua, secures to the Indians, their right in all the 49 lands in the State of New York west of Phelps & Gorham purchase except New York State Reser- vation. Seneca Nation of Indians to Robert Morris. INDIAN RESERVATIONS. Treaty, September 15th, 1797, at Big Tree, now Geneseo, conveys pre-emption right to all above lands, except 11 Reservations, containing 338 square miles, conveys 2,625,000 acres. Price paid, -1100,000. The Buffalo Creek Reservation is one of the eleven reserved. These eleven Reservations are as follows: ACRES. Big Tree or Little Beard Reservation, in Livingston Co., 4 square miles, 2,560 1,280 1,280 17,920 10,240 6+0 26 880 640 26,880 44,800 83,200 Conawangus Squawky Hill Gardeau (Mary Jamison) Canadea Oil Spring Cattaraugus Tuscarora Allegany Tonawanda Buffalo Creek " ' ' 2 " ' ' 2 " ' ' 28 Allegany Cattaraugus ' ' 16 " 1 ' 42 Niagara ' Cattaraugus ' ' 1 ' 42 Genesee " 70 Erie "130 Robert Morris, by Sheriff to Thomas L. Ogden. Thomas L. Ogden to Wilhem Willink, et. al. 338 216.320 Deed, May 12th, 1800. Liber 24, Page 406, conveys all W. of Morris reserve except the New York State Reservation. Deed, February 18th, 1801 (in Erie Co. not recorded). Conveys same as Robert Morris to Agents of Holland Land Co., July 20th, 1793, 2,625,000 acres, and carries right of pre-emp- tion to the eleven reservations. Wilhem Willink, Deed, September 10th, 1810. Liber 1, Page ^^ ' 68, conveys right of pre-emption to the reser- David A. Ogden. vations containing 197,835 acres. Note. — This carries the title of lands in Western New York, except the New York State Reservation one mile wide, from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, to the Holland Land Co.; also, except to the eleven Indian Reservations of which David A. Ogden has the pre-emption right or right to purchase the Indian title. The Holland Land Company, soon after its purchase in 1801, surveyed its lands into Ranges six miles wide, numbering from the east line of their purchase toward the west, and then surveyed these Ranges into towns six miles north and south, numbering from the Pennsylvania State line toward the north. 50 The line between the 4th and 5th Ranges is the present east hne of Erie County, and this town of Ehna comes in the Holland Sur- vey as Town 10, Range 6, and is also known as a part of the Buffalo Creek Reservation. SALE BY SENECA INDIANS TO THE OGDEN COMPANY. David A. Ogden to Robert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden and Benjamin W. Rogers. The Seneca Nation of Indians to Robert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden and Benj. W. Rogers. Trust deed, February ISth, 1821. Liber 6, Page 396. Forms copartnership with 20 shares, to enable the members to buy of the Indians their title to the eleven reservations. Treaty August 31st, 1826, Liber 10, Page 138. As this purchase includes a part of Elma, the treaty is given in full. At a treaty held under the authority of the United States at Buffalo Creek in the County of Erie, State of New York, between the Sachems, Chiefs and War- riors of the Seneca Nation of Indians on behalf of said Nation, and Robert Troup, Thomas L. Og- den and Benjamin W. Rogers of the City of New York, in the presence of Oliver Forward, Esq., Commissioner appointed by the United States for holding said treaty and Nathaniel Gorham Superintendent, in behalf of the State of Massa- chusetts, know all men by these presents that we, the said Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors, for and in consideration of the sum of $48,216, lawful money of the United States to us in hand paid by the said Robert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden and Benjamin W. Rogers at or immediately before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have granted bargained, sold, aliened, released, quit-claimed and confirmed and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell, aUen, release, quit-claim and confirm unto the said Pvobert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden and Benjamin W. Rogers and their assigns forever, all that tract of land commonly called the Canadea Reservation in Allegany County, containing sixteen square miles, also — then follows other reservations and exceptions — the exceptions making a sale of 80,960 acres of land, being about two-fifths of all the land in 51 the eleven Reservations for $48,216, about 60 cents per acre. By this sale all the eleven Reservations were sold except : 49,920 acres of the Buffalo Creek Reservation. 12,800 " " Tonawancla 21,760 '' '' Cattaraugus 1,920 '' " Tuscarora 30,469 " " Allegany 116,869 SENECA INDIANS TREATY WITH THE OGDEN COMPANY. (Note— This sale conveys 33,637 acres of the 83,557 of the Buf- falo Creek Reservation.) — That part of this sale which is within the bounds of the Town of Elma is a strip one mile in width on the south side of the town, and is known as the Mile Strip ; and on this strip, in Elma, the first settlement of white people in the town of Elma was made. The part of this Reservation not sold by the terms of this treaty was to contain seventy-eight square miles or 49,920 acres, and this reserved part is described as follows: Beginning on the north line of said Reservation at a point one and one-half miles east of the Cayuga Creek, running thence south one and one-half miles, thence east parallel with the north line so far that a line to be drawn from the termination thereof south, to a point one mile distant from the south line of the said Reservation, and thence west parallel with the said south line to the west line of the Reservation, and thence along the west and north lines of the same to the place of beginning will contain the said quantity of sevent3''-eight square miles or 49,920 ares. Note. — This treaty conveys a strip of land one and one-half miles wide on the north side of the Reservation, about three miles wide across the east end, and one mile wide the length of the south side. This takes all of the town of Marilla east of the two- rod road, passing north and south through Marilla village. All of the town of Elma is in the reserved part of the sale, except the Mile Strip on the south side of the town. TREATY SIGNED. The treaty was signed as follows: Young King, Young Chief, Charles 0'Bea.l, Capt. Shingo, PoLLARE, Barefoot, Tunis Wolfaoun, Geo. Red Eye, Little Billy, Capt. Crow, Lohn John, Jimie Thudson, Cornplan- 52 TER, Jones Cousin, Blue Eyes, Stiff Knee, Strong, Big Kettle, Little Johnson, Red Jacket, Chikf Warrior, Jack Snow, Doestada, John Fopp, Seneca White, Joseph Leg- NANY, Green Blanket, John Snow, Little Beard, Wm. Blacksnake, White Boy, Thompson, Tall Chief, Tall Peter, Isaac, James Stevenson, Jr., Capt. Snow, James RoBisoN, Henry Two Guns, John Snow, Twenty Canoes, White Seneca, Stevenson, Silver Heels, Destroy Town, John Pierce; 46 in all. Robert Troup, bA- his Attorney John Greig. Thomas L. Ogden, "'' " ^ '' Benj. W. Rogers, " Signed and Sealed in the presence of Jasper Parish, Indian Agent. Horatio Jones, Interpreter. Levi Hub bell, " Jacob Jim son, '' Certificate of Nathaniel Gorhaai, Sup 't for Massachusetts. " '' Oliver Forward, Com. for United States. Treaty ratified by United States Senate. Abram Ogden and Wife, et. al. 1st part, Wm. Short, et. al. 2d part, Robert Troup, et. al. 3d part. Deed of Partition, January 10th, 1828. Liber 11, Page 56, to divide above premises to indi- vidual stockholders as per Trust Deed of Feb- ruary 18th, 1821. TREATY OF 1838 AND 1842, The Seneca Nation of Indians to Thomas L. Ogden and Joseph Fellows. Treaty January 15th, 1838, Lib. 82, Page 1. Sale of all the Indian lands which were excepted from the treatv and sale of August 31st, 1826, conveys 114,869 acres for $202';000, signed by forty-four chiefs and head men of the nation, certified by Mr. Gillett, Commissioner for the United States; certified by ■ Gen. Dearborn, Superintendent for Massachusetts. Treaty amended by United States Senate and sent back. So much dissatisfaction and opposition was made by many of the Chiefs and Indians that another Treaty was made August 7th, 1838, and was signed by forty-two who claimed to be chiefs. This last treaty was ratified by the United States Senate. 53 Josh. Waddington, Deed of trust July 16th, 1840, liber 67, page Abraham o^den 198. To purchase such of the Indian Reserva- Duncan P. Camp- tion as they can by treaty and then to convey ^^}}' J and make partition of Indian lands. Isaac Ogden, '■ Robert Tillotson, Gabriel Shaw (bv Attornev) to Thomas L. Ogden and Joseph Fellows, Trustees. The Seneca Nation Treaty, May 20th, 1842. Liber 106, Page n jans -^^^ Treaty confirmator}^ and amendatory of the Thomas L. Ogden treaty of January 15th, 1838, and of August ,^^\, 7th, 1838, conveys several tracts, among them loscph ir"CllOWS } ? 66 Sweet, Charles H. and Emma K. Chilcott Dec. 31, 1862 Taeufer, Lanhardt Karl Tank, Herman F. Thayer, Charles Thiel, Henry M. Tilloii, Albert A. " Alpheus H. " D. Joseph " Erastiis " Harrison L. " Isaac '' James " Joseph " R. Fred Tramps, Charles Tremor, John Townsend, George Vaselar, Christian Wagner, William Walker, Wallace Wallis, William D. Walter, John, Sr. " John, Jr. Walters, Erick Wannemacher, 0. J. William Ward, James H. Webster, Russel H. Sheldon Weil, Jacob C. Welton, Lewis 0. White, Eugene Wier, Edmiston " Thomas E. " Wilham Wilbor, Rev. Albert D. " Rev. Carlton C. T. and Ida Louise Jasel March 25, 1901 " Bertha W. Mann Feb. 16, 1887 " Caroline Chadderdon Sept. 28, 1869 " Emma Arndt April 12, 1893 " Helen Louise Hurd March 8, 1887 '' Hattie Grace June 5, 1889 " Flora E. Baker Sept. 2, 1885 " Mary Jane Pratt 1856 '' Julia Bristol Jan. 3, 1861 " Sarah Meldrum Sept. 4, 1856 '' Lucy Harris Jan. 1857 " Hannah Filkins 1816 " Jennie Thayer- Dec. 4, 1887 " Scharlon Aug. 12, 1853 " Lizzie Steck June 27, 1901 " Sarah A. Hurd 1852 V. and Emma P. Herlan June 30, 1897 W. and Emeline Wanglien Nov. 27, 1889 '' Mrs. Lovina Darcey May 31, 1874 " Elizabeth J. Davis Dec. 20, 1857 " Barbara Schoel Aug. 12, 1854 " Lucy Schuster April 17, 187& " Mary Smith March 28, 1899 " Clara Gardner April 9, 1859 '' Catharine Beck April 10, 1893 " Jane M. Morse July 20, 1835 " Helen L. Lathrop Sept. 1, 1897 " A. Kate Smith Feb. 23, 1898 " Fanny Beidler April 11, 1877 " Lucy M. Adams June 23, 1901 " Mary Beidler May 8,1887 " Hattie A. Lines March 30, 1890 " Elizabeth Reid 1860 '' Sarah Reid 1873 '' Wilhelmina Ludeman April 24, 1884 " Mary Ann Sleeper Aug. 13, 1846 " Dorcas Mead Hale June 22, 1864 267 Wilbor, Cyrenus and Charlotte Button Dec. 16, 1819 " Salmon H. u Rhoda Kidder May 7, 1844 " Henry D. a Sarah J. Johnson Oct. 12, 1857 Wiley, Robert u Harriet Kyser Sept. 19, 1868 Wilhelm, Alexander J. u Anna Strasser Jan. 24, 1898 Willett, Samuel R. n Kate F. Smedes Nov. 14, 1883 Williams, Silas W. li Ad die Griffin Dec. 22, 1874 Thomas D. iC Adeline E. Price Sept. 29, 1855 William H. a Ida Williams Jan. 29, 1879 Winkler, William M. a Kate E. Phalen May 26, 1886 Winspear, Horatio a Emma A. Cobb Dec. 12, 1877 William a Hannah Richardson Jan. 27, 1837 Wilson, Amos L. u Angle Sweet Jan. 29, 1871 " Dennis L. u Mary Northrup Sept. 10, 1863 Woodard, Eron a Martha Bostwick April 22, 1850 George H. u Emma Dick Jan. 5, 1876 " James A. 11 Ada Northrup March 15, 1883 Wurtenberg, Francis A. ii Gertrude Standart June 14, 1899 Young, George W. Y. and Sylvia Welch Nov. 25, 1884 " Jacob a Maria Standart March 18, 1847 '' PhiHp i( Dorothea Gakler March 12, 1850 268 CHAPTER XIX DEATHS. Alphabetical list of 400 of the residents of the Town of Elma, with the age and date of death. NAME. AGE. DATE OF DEATH. YRS. MOS. DAYS. Adams, John 86 8 25 Sept 25,1887 Devihe W 64 . . . . April 17, 1891 John 2d Jan. 20, 1901 Mary K 86 9 11 March 30, 1893 Aldrich, Marvel 70 . . . . Dec. 19, 1887 Allen, Anthony 68 2 28 April 14, 1899 " Ellery S 56 9 22 Jan. 12, 1883 " Sallv 85 9 5 April 27, 1891 Ard, James 75 . . . . Feb. 7, 1863 " Elizabeth, wife of James 76 11 20 Aug. 1, 1858 " George 67 3 16 Aug. 16, 1889 " Eliza, widow of George 78 . . . . Nov. 18, 1893 Armstrong, Gordon 78 4 5 April 5, 1865 Addison 79 2 . . Nov. 7, 1892 Arnold, Oliver H 81 6 2 July 5, 1883 Atlof, John, murdered by Manke April 2, 1878 Avolt, Michael, drowned at Northrup milldam 1858 Aykroyd, Rachel 70 . . . . May 24, 1893 B. Badger, Frederick 77 . . . . July 24, 1892 Baker, Andrew 56 . . 20 Aug. 5, 1892 " Rev. Chauncey S 78 8 . . Jan. 7, 1892 " Julia F., widow of Chauncey S. and Elon Clark 70 . . 14 April 4, 1898 '' Luke 82 2 28 March 30, 1895 " Moses 71 . . . . Aug. 11, 1867 " Dolly, wife of Moses 61 . . . . Aug. 13, 1864 " Salem 77 10 5 Dec. 18, 1883 " Dolly, widow of Salem 80 . . . . Sept. 2, 1888 Bancroft, Eleazer 86 1 26 Feb. 7, 1888 269 NAME. YRS. Bancroft, E. S. A., wife of Eleazer. . . 83 William H 68 Eliza, widow of Wm. H. . . 76 Barnett, John, Sr 78 " Mary, widow of John 83 Mary C 39 Bass, Hiram Milton 77 Bauer, George C 70 '' Magdelena 69 Beck, Michael Becker, Louis 53 " Matthias 67 Beidler, Henry 62 Below, John 77 " Mary 68 Billington, John S 68 Sally, widow of John S. . . 83 Blake, Candace Bancroft 26 Blood, Levi 80 " Laura, wife of Levi 52 Boedecker, Herman August 63 Bodamer, Philip, killed by falling tree . . " Christina, widow of Philip 75 Jacob 70 " Tamison, widow of Jacob. . 73 Bommer, Mrs 47 Bove, John 67 Brandt, Bernhardt 65 Briggs, Cortland C 25 " Angle, R., wife of Wilbor B . . 46 '' Joseph B 86 Bristol, John B 81 '' Gazelle Cross, widow of John B 75 Brunner, August, murdered and thrown into Blossom millpond Buffum, Eliza Ard, wife of David. ... 66 " Sarah House, wife of David. 73 Bullis, Ella C, wife of Frank 45 " Lewis M 65 " Seth M 75 " Mary Scott, widow of Seth M. 87 Elizabeth, daughter of Seth M. 57 LGE. DATE OF DEATH. MOS. DAYS. June 6, 1885 1 7 July 30, 1884 7 25 Sept. 5, 1896 Feb. 1, 1894 , , Aug. 30, 1899 Jan. 13, 1890 8 11 Dec. 20, 1893 Sept. 5, 1894 1 12 May 16, 1896 Sept. 14, 1896 Jan. 2, 1892 4 20 Nov. 19, 1892 2 22 Nov. 4, 1888 Jan. 2, 1894 Dec. 11, 1890 Feb. 23, 1876 March 20, 1891 6 Aug. 5, 1859 3 21 Jan. 9, 1890 8 16 Sept. 21, 1859 5 3 Feb. 21, 1895 April 13, 1881 Jan. 17, 1901 3 3 Dec. 15, 1893 7 16 Feb. 24, 1899 Jan. 14, 1890 1 22 Nov. 8, 1898 5 Oct. 4, 1894 6 4 June 7, 1895 8 15 June 2, 1890 Oct. 30, 1898 6 March 4, 1869 June 6, 1876 1862 Dec. 24, 1890 July 16, 1896 July 6, 1898 1868 8 9 Oct. 1, 1883 Nov. 6, 1898 6 20 Oct. 6, 1899 270 NAME. AGE. DATE OP DEATH. YRS. M08. DAYS. Bull, William, (suicide) 30 Burns, killed by falling limb of tree at Spring Brook C. Carman, John 77 Cass, Dr. William 77 Cassady, Marcella Henry 68 Chandler, Lyman 89 " Amy, wife of Lyman 70 Chadderdon, William J 53 Chilcott, Lyman S 71 Clark, Elon, Sr 34 " Elon, Jr 18 " James 73 " Almeron, son of James 49 " Joseph F 31 " Oliver H 32 Clements, Samuel 59 Cobb, Zenas M 71 " Lucena, widow of Zenas M . . 67 Cole, Salathiel 77 " Elizabeth, wife of Salathiel .... 67 " Mary 90 " Catharine 74 " JohnW 56 '' Mary 78 " Lucy J 72 Cotton. Elisha 80 " Sophia, widow of Elisha .... 78 Conley, Jamss 60 John 29 " Margarett Conners 25 " Emily, Wannemacher wife of William 26 Cunningham, Mrs. Sarah Townsend . 69 D. Dayis, Samuel 82 " Catharine, widow of Samuel. . 81 " James 64 " Ursula, wife of James 51 " Jacob R 74 10 1 3 3 6 . . March . . . . May 8 29 March . . . . Oct. 4 Sept. June Jan. 20 June 22 Dec. 25 July . . Sept. . . . . Aug. . . . . Feb. June 7 23 May 11 . . Jan. 7 2 July 2 23 July 4 . . July . . July . . . . Dec. . . . . Aug. 6 10 Noy. Dec. March Noy. June Sept. 15 3 17 31 25 27 15 7 18 15 14 22 12 18 15 5 25 11 8 15 13 19 21 3 31 30 28 15 1 4 Oct. 7 11 16 Aug. 28 1869 1839 1900 1851 1896 1887 1858 1867 1899 1856 1874 1890 1892 1854 1853 1888 1886 1863 1857 1885 1892 1880 1894 1896 1863 1865 1874 1892 1894 1887 1901 3 1 Noy. 14, 1856 5 11 Jan. 1, 1859 3 3 Jan. 29, 1865 . . 2 May 17, 1860 . . . . Jan. 10, 1873 271 NAME. AGE. DATE OF DEATH. YRS. M08. DAYS. Davis, Harriet Henshaw, wife of Ja- cob R 48 . . . . Feb. 11, 1855 " James 85 . . . . Jan. 5, 1892 " Caroline Chadderdon, wife of James 80 .. .. Jul)^ 19,1891 '' Samuel 32 2 22 Dec. 4, 1863 " Sarah Clarkson Wood, wife of " William H 28 . . . . April 24, 1864 " Hattie S., daughter of Wil- liam H. and Sarah, drowned in Devils Hole 11 . . . . July 24, 1867 Devine, John 86 . . . . Nov. 18, 1876 Diehl, Peter, killed by bursting of millstone in Blossom March, 1876 Diemert, Joseph 73 9 10 Feb. 15, 1901 Dingman, Harry 81 3 2 Dec. 17, 1897 Dodge, Thomas 73 6 9 March 31, 1895 E. Eckert, Caroline 58 . . . . March 28, 1893 Ehrlick, Ernst 64 11 4 June 28, 1889 Eldridge, John 75 . . . . Feb. 7, 1896 Ellis, Nellie R 20 2 28 July 28, 1888 F. Fairbanks, James 71 9 25 Jan. 18, 1851 Willard 85 7 6 April 13, 1889 Mary Blood, wife of Wil- lard 32 . . . . Feb. 13, 1840 Mahala Blood, wife of Wil lard May 1883 Fath, Christian, (suicide) July 1865 Fisher, Frederick 70 5 22 March 23, 1900 Flannigan, Catharine, wife of Thos. . . 57 . . . . Aug. 30, 1886 Flynn, Catharine 57 7 7 Oct. 31, 1897 Fowler, Edwin 80 6 . . Sept. 21, 1885 Frazier, (suicide) 1866 Frobes, Charles 77 3 .. June 23,1892 G. Gasnian, Jacob, killed by lightning . . 30 6 . . Aug. 19, 1889 Gentsch, George .^ 79 . . . . Nov. 22, 1886 Gibson, Walter J. .(suicide) 48 7 8 Feb. 7, 1889 272 NAME. AGE. YRS. MOS. Gibson, Clara E 57 5 Gilbert, John G 72 9 RosaHerley ,. . . 65 1 Gilmore, Dr. James " Emeline, widow of James Martha Louise 41 4 Glass, Mary Ann 60 . . Gloss, Julia L. Armstrong, wife of William 50 7 Gorenflo, John P 82 5 Godfrey, William 69 . . Grace, Jane Kinsey, wife of Joseph. .. 34 . . Grader, Peter, Sr 67 4 Gramm, Frederick H 49 6 Green, Prudence B., wife of Samuel. . 46 . . " Samuel 64 . . Greiss, George 67 . . DAYS. 2 1 14 H. Hacker, Charles 49 Hagmeyer, Jacob, Jr 37 Hall, Julia Van Epps, wife of Otis A. . 77 " Lewis L 85 Hanavan, John 44 Hansenberg, Mahala, wife of Matthew 56 Harris, Charles Edgar (Minor) 84 '' Hiram ., 77 Hastings, Percy B 39 Hatch, Leonard 44 '' James 59 " Elvira Chesbro wife of James 51 Hathorn, Annis, widow of Varenus . . 73 Hauenfelder, George 73 Head, Catharine, wife of James 72 " Kate 26 Heim, George Frederick 11 " Jacob F 14 Heitman, Anna C, wife of Charles. . 27 " Joanna, wife of Fred, Jr. . . 30 Maria, wife of Fred, Sr. . . . 73 " Sophia, wife of John Sr. . . 61 Fred, Sr 79 Hemstreet, Zina A 17 15 DATE OF DEATH. Sept. 24, 1901 Sept. 1, 1900 March 26, 1895 1890 Oct. 23, 1897 June 14, 1886 Dec. 20, 1891 Aug. 23, 1901 May 19, 1895 March 23, 1896 July 8, 1847 Aug. 2, 1889 Feb. 17, 1888 Sept. 25, 1870 1882 July 17, 1891 . . . . Oct. 1, 1886 . . . . Nov. 16, 1894 8 7 Dec. 14, 1893 . . 24 March 24, 1900 . . . . April 8, 1896 . . 17 June 8, 1897 . . . . June 20, 1893 9 . . July 26, 1889 11 25 March 25, 1891 . . . . June 20, 1842 . . 14 March 29, 1895 5 24 June 10, 1888 3 10 Aug. 24. 1893 .-. . . Feb. 26, 1898 . . Nov. 20, 1897 . . . . March 15, 1888 1 6 March 11, 1886 4 18 Jan. 30, 1886 4 29 March 8, 1889 . . . . Feb. 3, 1892 11 12 Aug. 31, 1891 . . . . Jan. 27, 1886 . . . . Nov. 16, 1901 . . . . Aug. 5, 1885 273 NAME. YRS. 70 AGE. MOS. DAYS DATE OF DEATH. Hemstreet, Polly, wife of Zina A. . Herrick, Sophia 76 Hesse, Ernst 66 " Herman G 69 Hines, Thomas 50 Hitchcock, Hiram 84 " Rachel, Avife of Hiram ... 39 Hoffman, John Christopher 66 Hogul, Theresa 62 Hohmon, William, son of Henry, killed by farm roller 11 Holden, Alice Jackman, wife of Ab- ner 51 Hopper, James 74 Hornung, Aurelia C 22 wife of 56 Howard, Marcus A 62 Hunt, Joseph B. B 15 " William 81 * ' Sophia, wife of William 75 Hurd, Cordelia Hill, wife of Cyrus ... 24 " Alma S. Ashman, wife of Cja'us 63 " Clark W 87 " Dulcena E., widow of Clark W. 87 " Allen J., 44th N. Y. Volun- teers 21 '' Harvey J 52 " P'anny Amelia, wife of James. . 56 " Mary, wife of Dennis J. Jackman, James R 71 " Gracia E., widow of James R 84 " Malenda Blodgett, wife of Warren 60 Jerge, Casper " Georgiana Hesse, wife of Jacob 59 24 14 17 6 19 2 15 2 5 11 18 6 18 2 7 2 7 25 19 11 11 20 8 10 28 9 16 May Nov. April Feb. Jan. March Dec. Oct. 11 6 April 10 Aug. May Aug. April July June Aug. Sept. June July Jan. Aug. 19 19 29 23 10 30 8 27 28 3 6 29 July 13 Jan. 25 April 3 Dec. 17 1880 1892 1894 1899 1874 1866 1850 1889 1888 1889 1899 1889 1887 1895 1871 1893 1889 1888 1853 1892 1894 1901 1863 1901 1899 1897 1 17 Nov. 24, 1864 , . . . April 14, 1887 5 3 Dec. 4, 1881 , . . . March 6, 1869 1 10 Dec. 14, 1887 K. Kannangiser, August H. C 81 7 15 Oct, 26, 1896 Kelgus, George 60 . . . . July 25, 1890 Kihm, Peter 70 10 . . Feb. 5, 1891 274 NAME. Kinsley, Stephen Kleberg, Dorothy, widow of John L. . Klehm, Frank " William, drowned in Blossom millpond Kleinf elder, Henr}^, Sr " Salamonia L.W.Henry Knowlton, Elmira Kock, Christopher " Mary " Sophia Kraus, Mar}^ R Krohn, John Kromroy, Rica Kyser, Horace " Jane E. Northrup, widow of Horace AGE. TRS. MOS. 68 66 21 75 72 38 10 89 .. 69 .. 87 1 75 . . 68 8 71 .. 37 .. 56 .. 15 17 27 12 DATE OF DEATH. Mav 9, 1896 Feb. 2, 1889 Aug. 5, 1892 Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Oct. May April May March 11, March 13, April 10, 9, 20, 28, 8, 9 5, 28, 23, 1888 1900 1896 1892 1893 1891 1888 1898 1889 1892 1896 1880 64 9 20 Aug. 28, 1889 Lagore, (suicide) Lathrop, Paul B 82 " Laura Chase, wife of Paul B 58 Lee, Zebina ■,-, 67 " Robert W., 49th Regiment, died in Maryland 40 Leger, Anna Maria, wife of George . . 62 " George, Jr 53 " Michael 26 Liebold, Fred M 20 August 58 Lines, Joel F 76 Lougee, Benjamin P " Olive Monroe, widow of Ben- jamin P 93 " Norton B., 49th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers 28 Luders, John, Sr 40 " Mary, daughter of John, Sr. (burned) 3 " May, daughter of John and Sophia 1 275 , . . . 1855 6 27 June 23, 1894 8 21 April 2, 1872 , . . . April 4, 1861 , . . . Feb. 10, 1863 8 20 Jan. 7, 1891 . . . . June 5, 1900 9 7 April 16, 1891 7 15 April 23, 1892 5 26 Feb. 24, 1891 8 10 Aug. 25, 1895 . . . . Aug. 12, 1874 10 21 April 15, 1897 7 22 Nov. 2, 1862 . . . . April 4, 1856 . . Summer 1859 3 5 Sept. 13, 1864 NAME. AGE. DATE OF DEATH. YRS. MOS. DAYS, M. Manke, Charles, murderer of John Atloff, (hanged) Mann, Charles, (suicide) Markham, Stephen 70 '' Lovina Clark, widow of Stephen 78 Marquart, Harriet Louise, daughter of George 21 Marvel, Alfred 64 " Lan}'- Davis, widow of Alfred 65 Mau, John 70 " Anna, daughter of John 18 Ma^^er, Jacob 69 McCormick, Patrick 86 McDonald, Albert 51 McFee, Hugh 45 McGivern, John 49 McGuire, Patrick 84 McKinley, William, President of the United States 58 McPherson, Donald 72 " Harriet Chase, widow of Donald 68 McHugh, Cornelius, (murdered) .... 31 McHugh, Catharine, widow of Cor- nelius 26 Metcalf, Charies H 29 Fisher 82 Meyer, Jacob 39 Miller, John F 64 " Ernestine, wife of John F. . . . 41 " Sarah, wife of Jacob, (suicide) 24 " Barbara Benz 73 " Charles, killed by falling tim- ber 32 " Charies 35 " John 72 Mitchell, Wihiam Polly 23 Mitzel, Frederick 87 Mohn, Catharine M. Richert 63 Monroe, Hiram D 48 . . . . Mav 14, 1880 . . . . 1873 . . . . \pril 1, 1879 11 24 Oct. 7, 1890 5 17 June 26, 1900 11 24 Sept. 27, 1885 3 25 Oct. 29, 1885 11 8 Nov. 15, 1900 9 17 Dec. 12, 1892 4 . . Jan. 28, 1888 . . . March 10, 1897 3 11 June 13, 1901 3 . . March 15, 1890 . . . . June 16, 1871 8 10 Dec. 4, 1888 7 15 Sept. 14, 1901 2 7 June 16, 1897 1 20 Aug. Jan. 3 5 4 10 5 4 1 11 7 5 10 25 4 9 24 18 27 Oct. Feb. Aug. Jan. May Feb. Jan. Feb. 23, 1897 5, 1863 12, 1864 13, 1891 10, 1893 22, 1896 12, 1898 24, 1875 24, 1865 1, 1892 April 3, 1883 March 26, 1892 March 30, 1892 Jan. 26, 1836 March 20, 1883 June 23, 1899 Dec. 15, 1891 May 3, 1887 276 NAME. AGE. YRS. MOS. Moore, Bradley 90 3 Morris, John .73 . . ■" widow of John 87 . . " WilUam, (suicide) 46 . . " Albert, son of Wiiliam killed in road 3 " Daivd J 62 . . '' Lydia, widow of David J. ... 70 . . " T.afavette 67 . . Mimd, C. J. ^ 86 11 " Sophia 85 3 Munger, Diana, wife of Fowler " Wallace, shot by accident . . 13 N. Nichols, Maria Howard 84 11 Northrup, Lewis 81 . . " JaneWarner, wife of Lewis 81 10 " Emma Winspear, wife of Eli B 41 10 " William Lewis 19 . . Norton, Abraham 70 . . Noyes, Theodore 61 9 " Almira Loiigee, wife of Sime- on 27 5 Nobisch, Anna Katharine, daughter of Matthew 23 2 0. Oberly, Peter 74 11 Odell, Riley W 74 . . Orb, Sophia 84 .^ Orton, Darius W 72 7 Ostrander, Phebe 77 5 P. Packard, Philena S 78 . . Paine, William B 81 3 " Harriet H 77 6 Pattengell, Hiram, (suicide) 47 . . " Ellen A., wife of Jdmes Peek, George 83 . . Ann wife of George 78 . . 277 DATE OF DEATH. DAYS. 15 Dec. 1, 1895 1859 1872 Nov. 1, 1865 1866 June 17, 1874 April 22, 1883 March 19, 1891 July 22, 1890 19 Jan. 23, 1893 July 6, 1858 Sept. 5, 1884 . . Dec. 8, 1901 . . Dec. 29, 1882 . . Feb. 8, 1880 27 Sept. 21, 1883 8 March 23, 1890 . . Nov. 15, 1859 . July 25, 1858 2 Dec. 4, 1864 12 Oct. 3, 1900 14 March 14, 1900 . . Jan. 5, 1893 . . Nov. 8, 1887 5 Feb. 18, 1897 .. March 31, 1885 . . Feb. 6, 1894 . Sept. 12, 1891 20 July 19, 1892 . . March 19, 1846 . . Jan. 19, 1883 . . June 20, 1869 . . March 8, 1869 NAME. YES. Peek, Christopher 75 " JohnW 81 Peters, John 75 WilhamH PhilHps, Geneva 80 " Simeon, (suicide) 50 Pierce, Louise Maurer 31 Price, Daniel 66 AGE. MOS. DATE OF DEATH. Feb. Julv Oct. Dec. Feb. Aug 20, 1900 5, 1900 10, 1888 7, 1892 24, 1889 4, 1901 March 3, 1896 Feb. 14, 1874 R. Radloff, Mary 51 Reitz, Barbara 67 Roll, Henry 95 Roloff, Henry Charles 40 William 25 Rossman, William, (suicide) Rowle}^, Amos P " Carrissa, Avife of Amos P Rupp,. Jacob 28 Rush, Sarah, wife of John 66 9 22 8 28 Oct.' 20, 1895 April 23, 1901 Oct. 19, 1892 25, 1889 16, 1899 1885 21, 1863 1842 17, 1892 4, 1892 May Aug. Dec. Nov Oct. Dec. S. Sandall, Louis 46 Schilling, John Jacob 63 Schmaltz, John J 69 Schneider, Ann Gemmer, wife of Thos. 33 Schwartz, Mary Ann 79 Scott, Melissa Cole, wife of John 58 Seeger, Charlotte, widow of Cyrenus Wilbor; wife of Rev. Schu}^- ler '' Christopher, (suicide by hang- ing) . _ Shane, Peter, killed at barn raising . . . . '' Mary, daughter of Peter 47 Sileman, August 66 Simmons, Eli 80 Sisler, Lewis 63 Sleeper, Henry C 51 Smedes, Belinda, wife of Abram W . . 41 Smith, Charles 70 " Magdalena 83 61 69 3 25 7 20 14 16 6 6 1 .. 7 .. 1 16 Aug. July Jan. Dec. Jan. May 29, 1898 22, 1888 26, 1888 24, 1899 29, 1892 30, 1877 Oct. 28, 1863 May 26, 1888 1851 Jan 6, 1884 March 12, 1894 Sept. 11, 1891 Feb 17, 1895 Feb. 23, 1891 Sept. 3, 1866 Sept. 24, 1892 March 16, 1889 278 NAME. AGE. DATE OF DEATH. YRS. MOS. DAYS. Spencer, Elizabeth Warner, wife of ^Cyrus S - • 69 7 4 March 18, 1890 Staley,John 67 .. .. Jan. 4,1899 Standart, Cxeorge, Sr 72 . . . . Apnl 15, 1862 Bethier, wife of George Sr. 61 9 .. July 11, 18o9 " Samantha, daughter of George Sr July 15, 1849 Washington 37 2 23 March 24, 1861 " John, (suicide, cut his . throat) July 7, 1874 " Mary, wife of John, mur- dered bv John July 7, 1874 Deforest .^ 41 .. .. Oct. 10,1864 Wilham 85 5 24 Oct. 14, 1882 " Olive Draper, wife of Wil- ham 77 9 15 Aug. 28, 1879 ,pephC 55 10 16 April 26, 1893 Sterling, Louis H 83 . . . . Jan. 10, 1901 Stetson, Ameha, wife of Benjamin F . 56 1 4 Nov. 9, 1890 " Benjamin F 73 10 11 Sept. 23, 1901 Stilb,Jacob 40 .. . Dec. 3,1890 Stitz, Henry W 65 July 31,1899 '' Mary, wife of Philip .48 1 7 Nov. 2, 1897 Sutton, Mary, widow of 70 . . . . Sept. 5, 1894 Sweet, Charles A 57 . . . . Dec. 7, 1901 Switzer, Matthew 62 7 22 Nov. 18, 1891 T. Taber, Martin 46 7 2 June 23, 1846 TaborSethP 74 6 27 Oct. 27 898 Tank,John 68 7 21 Oct. 25, 898 'c Rachel 68 11 11 Sept. 11, 1896 Tiffany, Thomas D., (suicide by hanging) ^®P^'- -^^"0 TiHou, Joseph ' 79 . . . . Sept. 13, 1875 " Hannah Filkins, widow of Jo- seph 82 .. .. Aug. 27,1878 '' Erastus E 54 . . . . June 15, 1888 u Isaac 72 5 17 Nov. 25, 1891 Albert March 27, 1901 " Lucy Harris, wife of James... 59 1 22 May 22,1890 " daughter of Joseph Townsend, George, (color bearer of 116th Regiment) 37 . . . . Oct. 1864 279 NAME. AGE. DATE OF DEATH. TBS. MOS. DAYS. Trams, Frederika 80 " Sophia, wife of Charles 78 . . Dec. 19, 1883 10 March 22, 1900 U. Underhill, Henry W 72 10 26 Unsel, John 72 " Ehzabeth 60 .. .. Sept. 6, 1893 Nov, 20, 1897 Dec. 15, 1883 V. Victoria, Queen of England 81 8 3 Jan. 22, 1901 W. Wagner, Wilhelmina E. C 49 Wallis, Nellie E., daughter of William D., drowned in Devils Hole 9 Walter, Bernhard, killed by railroad . 54 John ." 94 Wannemacher, Ottman J 73 Ward, James H 86 Weed, Elias 57 Weiser, Peter 62 Wellman, Henry 86 Wendt, Frederika 96 White, Samuel P 73 Whittemore, Moses F 79 Whitney, Charles M ". . . 77 " Caroline Ranney, wife of Charles M 65 Widemyer, Hermon 43 Wier, Thomas E 62 " Elizabeth Reid, wife of Thomas E 41 " Sarah, wife of Thomas E 38 Wilbor, Cyrenus 62 " Henry D Wiley, James 82 Williams, Isaac, Jr 40 " Martha, mother of Isaac,Sr. 53 " Sarah, widow of Isaac, Jr.. 59 Thomas D 73 John W 82 Wilson, Ezra 78 " Anna A. Kester 73 Nov. 1, 1886 July 24, 1867 Aug. 1, 1900 20 April 9, 1884 5 8 Apnl 24, 1901 8 July 3, 1898 6 June 24, 1871 6 15 June 27, 1883 5 11 Jan. 22, 1900 June 27, 1887 6 9 Sept. 2, 1898 Aug. 31, 1897 April 14, 1896 Aug. 28, 1889 Sept. 9, 1883 Aug. 21, 1893 1872 6 Aug. 21, 1893 7 6 Sept. 21, 1856 Feb. 18, 1900 Aug. 18, 1891 Dec. 24, 1838 Nov. 29, 1829 Jan. 28, 1859 9 10 Dec. 1, 1900 1 Jan. 24, 1892 10 8 Feb. 6, 1898 , . June 2, 1898 280 NAME. AGE. YRS. MOS. Winspear, William 65 2 Wright, James 76 . . "■ Catharine, widow of James.. 76 . . Woodard, Eron 76 7 Y. Young, Jacob 77 5 " Sylvia, wife of George W. ... 47 4 Philip 29 10 DATE OP DEATH. DAYS. 14 June 21, 1878 Feb. 3, 1888 July 5, 1891 25 Oct. 13, 1896 June 4, 1899 8 April 15, 1894 11 Dec. 13, 1853 281 CHAPTER XX. Names of 60 persons who owned lands and resided on Mile Strip, in Elma, in 1900, and the number of home lot: Adams, D. K 19 Mary 20 Arndt, John 19 B. Balow, Albert 8 Bass, Eugene 10 Baker, Charles 31 Benzel, Hermon 37 Peter 37 Brown, Caleb F 15 '' Jeremiah 14 " Warren .2 C. Carrol, John 31 " Edward 31 Cole, Charles P 26 " BordanP 26 D. Davis, Albert H 36 " Homer 13 E. Edner John 25 Ellis, James 19 F. Fowler, Leroy 9 G. Griffin, James L 12 H. Hackenheimer, John 24 Hansenberg, Matthew 13 Hatch, John „ 2 Head, Thomas J 34 Hermann, Catharine 27 Horton, Anna 34 Kock, William 33 Keem, George 1 Kyser, Jacob 37 L. Lathrop, Chase " Herbert . . . Lef ter, Peter Lidke, John M. Maloney, Michael . . . . Marquart, George . . . . Mitchell, Joshua McDonald, James C . . N. Norman, Charles. . . . 0. Oldenberg, Charles . . P. Paine, Colton Pattengill, Irwin . . . , Paxon, Myron Pierce, Levant Pollock, Winslow. . . , Powers, R. F R. Ralyea, Mrs Rickertson, James B. S. Scott, John Smith, A. J Spooner, Edward . . . . Steckman, John T. Thayer, Henry W. Walter, Bernard Wiley, Robert Williams, Rdey " Thomas D. William H. Wilson, Amos L the 28 25 21 36 12 23 26 18 21 36 4 5 36 23 19 36 36 6 2 34 1 33 16 15 17 30 282 Names of 193 persons who owned lands and resided on the Aurora Part of Elma, in 1900, and the number of their home lot: Adams, Allen 82 Allen, Anthony 11 '' Henrv P 10 '' Silas H 10 Ambrose, Robert 91 Arndt, Fred 62 B. Badger, Albert 11 Balow, William 44 A. L 22 Barnett, John 67 Richard T 81 Bander, Frank 4 Benzel, Henry 38 Beckman, Charles 40 Becker, Mattie 100 Bishop, George 64 Bleeck, Ernst 42 Bove, Julius 28 Boonk Barney 42 Boos, Conrad 99 Burman, Charles 10 Buffum, Charles 6 Burns^ Peter 58 C. Chadderdon, J. W 82 Chilcott, Gilbert 102 Mattie 102 Mrs. G. A 94 Conley, Bernard 72 John, Jr 80 Patrick 67 William 68 Curtis, Frank 4 '' Albert 25 Stephen 25 D. DaviS; James C ....'! 76 " William H 101 Davis, Charles W 102 Dimert, Joseph 36 Dingman, E. H. . . 39 Donahue, Patrick 76 E. Edwards, Thomas 10 Ehrlick, Charles 38 Eldridge, Benjamin F 5 F. Fensel, Frank 55 Fisher, Fred 54 Fones, W. W 82 G. Geyer, Joseph 52 Gilbert, John 51 Grace, James J 75 '' William W 70 Grader, Peter 52 Grifhn, Ida 71 " Seward 75 H. Hagmeier, Jacob 49 Hacker, Charles 54 Hammersmith, Peter 7f~ Hatch, Frank 12 Niles 12 Head, Edward 78 Heim. Fred 30 " Frank 31 '' George 31 " Jacob 34 Heller, Conrad 31 Helmick, Charles 95 Hemstreet, Isaac 4 Hendershott, Richard Mill Higgins, Margarett 4 Hines, Solon 43 '' Willard F 10 283 Hodgkins, Herbert J 9 Hopper, Mrs. James 18 Horn, Frank 94 Holt, Walter 70 Howe, Maria 10 Howley, Edward 81 Hunt, Catharine 71 " Joseph 71 K. Kannengeiser, John 102 Kihm, Henry 78 Kingsley, Stephen 85 Kingston, John 59 Klas, Joseph 75 Klehm, Henry 53 Kromroy, John 37 Krohn, John 49 L. Landers, Anna 77 Lave, Lewis 90 Leger, George 81 Liebold, John J 82 Lexo, Henry 24 Lines, Fred 80 Liiders, John 40 Fred 41 M. Marks, Edward 22 Markle, Cornelius 67 Marshall, Julius 75 Metcalf, Irwin 11 Reuben 10 " Spencer 17 Miller, Anna 29 " Fred 29 " Jacob 49 " William Sr 24 Morris, Fremont 11 Mrs. L. F 75 Morrow, William 38 Mullen, Hugh 2 Munger, Wilbor 11 Mc. McFee, Abigail 75 McGiveron, John 71 Fred 71 McHugh, Cornelius 66 McMullen, John 11 N. Northrup, Charles 85 EHB 84 0. Oldfield, John 9 O'Conners, John 84 O'Neil, William H 30 P. Palmer, Harvey C 10 Persons, Ellsworth G 26 Peters, Fred 61 Phalan, Patrick 81 Poundlitz, John, Sr 45 R. Radloff , Fred .... 84 Reamer, Charles 82 Rebain, Anna 80 Pteiderman, George 11 Reimer, Fred 51 Reitz, Charles 75 " Marv 82 Roloff, Charles 37 John 46 Ronian, Daniel 11 Rush, Francis 44 " Sylvester 53 S. Schefferstein, Andrew Jr. . . 52 Frank 52 Schroeder, Sophia 80 August 80 Schweikert, Joseph 85 Schnurr, George 83 Michael 75 284 Schurr, Irving G 39 Sileman, Frank 33 John 33 " William 37 Simmons, Eugene 4 Simons, Daniel A 82 Smith, Ezra B 29 " John 65 Spencer, Adelbert 81 Cyrus S 84 Stahl, John 73 Steck, John M 55 " Michael 50 Stillinger, Frank 72 Stutzman, Jacob 46 Sutton, Alex 52 " Frank 52 Sweet, Charles A 84 T. Talmadge, Charles 75 Thayer, Charles 71 Tillou, Harrison L 82 " Mrs. Isaac 66 " James ^. - 66 " Mary J... 82 V. Valentine, Fred . ; 85 W. Wagner, Joseph 39 Whaley, Mrs. Isaac 30 Walker, Wallace 63 Frank 97 Walter, William 35 Wanglien, Matilda 1 Wannamacher, 0. J 76 William . . 71 Ward, Mrs. James H 81 Wascher, John 19 Weber, Hermon 100 Weil, Michael 25 AVelch, Mrs 96 Wescott, Byron H 81 Wheeler, Frank 93 Widemeyer, Catharine 101 Will, Christ 58 Williams, Silas 22 Wilson, Dennis L 60 " Mary 60 " Fred 61 Winegar, Fred 67 Winspear, Horatio. 81 Woodard, Mrs. Erin 52 " James A 60 285 Names of 170 persons who owned lands and resided on the Lancaster Part of Ehna, m 1900, and the number of their home lot: Aldrich, Jesse 7 Arndt, Joseph 12 B. Bancroft, Alonzo C 57 Henry E 64 Bauer, Michael Blossom Beckman, William 20 Joseph 10 Becker, Charles 78 Beidler, Dorothea 66 " George 66 Berner, William 77 Bippert, George W. Blossom Blair, David 5 Board, Robert C 57 Bodecker, Jane 80 Bronson, Levi 45 Brandt, Philip 21 Briggs, Charles S 57 " Charles M 58 Mrs. Joseph B 57 " J.Eddy 57 '' Wilbor B 57 Brass, Jacob 36 Bridgeman, Marcus 30 Busse, Henry ... 38 C. Christ, Charles 82 Clark, Myron H 57 Conley, Mary 90 Cole, Henry 16 '' William F 15 D. Domon, August 10 " Charles 37 Drews, Henry 30 Dusch, Alois Blossom E. Eberhardt, John 79 Eckert, Charlotte Blossom Edenhoffer, John 57 Eiss, Cornelius 34 Fagman, Joseph Blossom Fefton, William 91 G. Garbv, Christ 50 "" John 60 Gaunflo, Theodore 19 Gest, Charles 10 Gibson, Clara E 58 Gloss, Pauline 60 " William 55 Graff, Anna Blossom Gulekunest, 0. J 90 H. Hafner, Catharine 57 Hall, Otis A 46 " " 3 Heineman, Peter 82 Heinteberger, Mrs. Charles . 90 Heitman, Fred, Sr 45 John, Sr 11 Charles 45 Flensel, Conrad P Blossom Herlan, F. D Blossom Hesse, Acloh 59 '' Hermon 43 Hill, Morris 3 " Mrs. Cyrus 8 Hodgkins, Jacob 9 Hoffman, Wihiam 10 Hohmon, Henry 76 Hornung, Max . 72 William 77 Hurd, Cyrus 61 286 Hurd, George W 85 " Harvey J 57 " James T 58 '/ Burton H 58 J. Jackman, Mrs. Warren .... 59 Jager, Fred 65 Jasel, Christ 56 Jerge, Philip 57 " Hermon 57 " Henry 80 K. Kalle, PhiUp Blossom '^ William Blossom Kdein, Joseph 31 Kleinf elder, Henry 99 Kloots, Thomas 31 Kock, Fred 93 " Jacob Blossom " John Blossom " John 45 " Valentine 100 Krouse, George . . 37 Kibbler, Charles . . . .- 61 Henry 61 L. Lee, R.Porter 59 Long, Maria 57 Lougee, Will' am V 2 M. Markham, E.J 57 Mar}?-, Jacob 86 Mattis, Andrew 13 Man, John 11 Maurer, Fred 21 Menderlain, Anthony 31 Miller, John ^. 35 Mitzel, George 76 Mohn, Jacob Blossom Morath, Michael 57 '' William 57 Mm-lin, Edgar L 57 287 N. Newendorf, John 6 Charles 5 Newer, John 32 Nosbisch, Matthew 60 Noyes, Simeon 56 0. Oberly, John 77 P. Phillips, Anthony 6 Julia . ." 6 " Joseph 6 Philip 14 " Simeon 6 Praler, John 69 Price, Albert 71 " Hannah 59 R. Rath, John Blossom Reinhardt, Henry 75 Reuther, John 11 Louis P 57 Mrs. Louis P 57 William 17 Roll, Charles 1 S. Schefferstein, Andrew Sr. . . 60 Scherer, Jacob.. .Blossom Schihing, Mary . 86 Jacob 81 Schlumm, Charles 27 Schmaltz, .John 86 Schrimps, Martin ■ . . . 95 Schriveller, John 100 Schroeder, Fred Sr 74 Fred Jr 75 " John 65 Schultz, Peter 36 '' John 41 " William 74 Seeger, Fred' 65 " Jacob 36 Spaulcling, A. D 31 Stauser, Anna Blossom Standart, Mrs. Joseph 59 Stetson, Benjamin F 66 Stitz. Henry E «. . . 29 Mrs. Henry W 30 Philip 12 William 7 F 40 H 8 Stilp, Michael Blossom Stork, Peter 90 Strasley, Catharine. . . .Blossom Sugg, Nicholas Blossom Summerfiekl, Thomas 95 T. Tank, Hermon 18 Trams, Charles 72 U. Uebelacker, Joseph 29 Unverdarben, Henry .... 90 " WilHam Blossom Unsel, Mary 42 V. Velzy, F. E 99 W. Wahenmeyer, William .... 26 Walter, John 91 Wanglien, Mary 99 Webster, Sheldon. . . .' 1 Winspear, Hannah 89 Y. Young, Mrs. Jacob 51 288 Names of 400 persons registered as voters in the First Election District of the Town of Elma in 1900 : Adams, Allen '' D. K. " Harry " Herbert " Walter E. Allen, Ellery '' Harry " Henry D. " Leister " Silas H. Ambrose. Robert Arndt, Fred " John Asmas, Herman B. Badger, Albert Baker, Charles Charles 26 " William G. " John " Michael Balow, Albert Barnett, John Richard T. Bass, Ai^thur " Eugene Bauder, Frank Becker, Fred " John " Michael " Theodore " William Bensel, George '' Henry 0. " Henry, Sr. " Henry, Jr. '' Herman " Peter Benzhoffer, Charles Bleeck. Ernst Boeckert, Henry Bommer, Adam Boonck, Bernard Bowen, Otis Brandt, Bernard Brauner, Eriward Brown, Caleb F. " Edward /' Fay " Jeremiah W. " Warren Brownell, C. A. C. F. Bryan, Constant Burr, Charles Burman, Charles Fred Burns, John Butler, F. H. Michael " William C. Carroll, John Chadderdon, Jas. K. J. W. Chamberlain, Wm. H Chilcott, Gilbert Clark, William Clay, C. C. " Cland Clifford, Grattan Cole, Bordan J. '' Charles P. Conklin, John H. Conley, Bernard, Sr. " Bernard, Jr. " Cornelius " James " John " William Cooper, Hugh J. Cowan, Ralph Curtis, Albert Frank Curtis, Stephen D. Davis, Albert " Charles " Edward " Homer " Howard " James C. " William H. Deder, Henry Dellanv, Charles '' ■ Frank Dietrick, John Dingman, Edward H. Domas, Michael Donner, Charles Donnovan, Patrick Doran, Robert Drosendroll, August Geo. E. Eastner, John Ehrlick, Charles Fred Ellis, James Enderschot, Christ F. Fairbanks, H. W. Farquahr, Frank Felton, George '' Otto '' William Featherly, David Fischer, Jerome Fish, Spencer Flynn, Michael Fones, Wallace W. Forbes, Aaron Fowler, Delos " Leroy Frobes, Otto 289 G. Gatty, John " Lawrence Geiss, Fred Geyer, Joseph Gilbert, Henry " John, Sr. " John, Jr. '' Wihiam Gold, Charles Gould, John Grader, Peter Grace, Howard '' James J. " Joseph J. " Wihiam W. H. Haas, Albert " Charles " William Haberer, John Hacker, Fred Hackenheimer, H. " John Hagmeier, Jacob " Henry " Louis Hagen, Charles " James Hammersmith, P. Hammond, Frank Hansenberg, M. Hatch. Frank " John " Niles Head, Edward " Thomas Heller, Charles '' Conrad " Henry Heim, Charles " Frank " Fred, Sr. " George Heim, Jacob " Louis Helmick, Christ Fred Heximer, Frank Hines, Solon " Willard Hodgkins, Herbert J. Hoefart, Henry Hopper, James L. Hoth, Bert House, Eli Hudson, George Hunt, Joseph K. Kanangeiser, Jacob John Peter Keem, George " William Kehy, Fred Kennedy, Jesse Kester, Frank Kihm, Alfre.l " Henr}^ Kingston, John, Sr. '' John, Jr. Wihiam Klas, Joseph Klehm, Aclolph " Henry Klein, Lewis Kock, William Kratt, John Krohn, George Kromroy, John L. Landers, Frank William Lathrop, Chase " Herbert Lave, Lewis " Herman Leger, George 290 Leger, John " Louis " William " Walter Leibold, Frank John Lesch, George Leverance, Charles Lexo, Henry Lines, Clark '' Fred " Harry Little, Wihiam Lockwood, Charles Lutz, Charles M. Markle, Cornelius " James D. Marks, Andrew Marquart, Edward " George Marshall, Julius Mason, Rev. George Metcalf, L W. " Spencer Mitchell, Joshua Miller, Fred " George " Jacob " William Morris, Fremont '' Wilham Morrow, William Mullen, Hugh Munger, Fowler Myers, John, Sr. '" John, Jr. " Thomas McDonald, Albert " Harry " James C. McGiveron, John J. L. T. McHugh, CorneHus McMullen, John N. Nehin, Michael North, Frank Northrup, Eli B. Charles N. 0. Odell, Arthur Offons, A. '' Otto Oldenberg, Charles " John Oldfield, John 'Conner, John 0,Neal, James William Palmer, Harvey C. Parker, Burdette Pattengell, Harry " Irwin Persons, Ellsworth G. Peters, P>ed Patrick Pholman, Fre:l Pierce, Levant Pollock, Winson, Sr. " Winson, Jr. Poundlets, John, Sr. " John, Jr. " Louis Wihiam Powers, R. F. R. Radloff, Fred Ralyea, Frank Reamer, Charles Fred Reideman, Geo., Sr. Reitz, Charles " Fred " John Rice, 'Daniel Rickertson, James B. Roloff, Charles " Christ " John Ronian, Daniel Rosehardt, George W. Rossman, Leonard Rowland, James S. Scherick, David Scherrit, Walter Schofield, Edward Schroeder, August Schnurr, Edward " George " Michael Schuman, John Schurr, L'win G. Schweikert, Joseph Scott, John Seibert, Charles Seileman, Edward " Frank John William Simmons, Eugene G. Simons, Daniel A. Daniel J. Edward Sisler, Charles Slade, Andrew J. " Frank Slater, Fred Sluter, William Smith, Albert " August " Charles C. Edward " Henrv, Sr. '' John" " Lewis Martin " Wihiam B. Sommers, Augustus Spencer, Adelbert 291 Spencer, Cyrus S. Spooner, Clayton Edward Stackman, George John Stahl, John '' John W. Steck, Michael Sterling, Alva Stewart, Charles Still inger, Frank Stinke, Willi am Sutton, John '' Nicholas Swain, Francis Sweet, Charles H. Switzer, Herbert T. Tolsma, Edward Edward J. Thaver, Henry '' Charles Thomas, George F, Tillou, Alva H. " Edwarl " Fred '' Harrison L. " James V. Valentine, Fred Van Antwerpt H. W. Wagner, Joseph WiUiam Wakeley, Everett " Isaac Wallace, John Walker Walter, Bernard " Eric " Frank " Philip " William Wannemacher, 0. J. Washer, John Weber, Anthony- Wells, A. J. Welton, Lewis 0. Whitne}^, Edward B. Widemeyer, Frank Wier, Edminster " William Wigley, Amil '' Joseph Wilcox, Frank Wiley, James Robert Will, Christ " John " Louis Wilson, Amos L. " Dennis L Fred L. Williams, Riley Thomas D. WilHam H. Wirth, Edward Wright, Patrick Woodard, James A. Y. Yargo, Henry Yarmikan, Herman Z. Zarcae, Herman 292 Names of 266 persons registered as voters in the Second Elec- tion District of the Town of Ehna in 1900; Aldrich, Jesse Amedon, William Anstett, Bernard F. Armstrong, Rev. J. E. Arndt, Charles '' Joseph B. Balow, William Bancroft, Alonzo C. Henry E. Bauer, Edward Michael Becker, Charles 2d " Charles Beckman, August Charles " Joseph William Beidler, George Berner, William Berry, Charles Bippert, George W. Blair, David Bodecher, Frank Bove, Frank " Julius Brass, Jacob Brecht, Henry Bridgman, Marcus Briggs, Charles M. " Charles S. " George D. " J. Eddy " Wilbor B. Bucher, Conrad Buffum, Charles J. David B. C. Christ, Charles Christen, Fred Clark, Myron H. Clark, Russel B. Cole, Francis " Henry " Philetus Cotton, Ira " Sherman D. Defenback, Christ John Deimert, George " Joseph Devine, Henry Domon, August Charles " Henry Drews, Fred " Henry Dusch, Alois E. Eckert, August " Jacob Edenhoffer, John Eichinger, Robert Eiss, Cornelius " Daniel Eldridge, Benj. J. Ernst, Michael F. Fitch, William Flierl, Rev. John Foster, William G. Garby, Christ " Frank John Gest, Charles Getty, Lawrence Ginther, August Gloss, Balthazzar 293 Gloss, William Greiss, Michael H. Hafner, Frank " Joseph Hall, Charles " Otis A. Handy, Fred " ' WiUiam A. Hastings, Albert Hauenfelder, John Heidenracht, R. Geo. Heineman, Charles Peter Heinteberger, F. Geo. Heitman, Charles Fred, Sr. Fred, Jr. Hensel, Conrad P. " Daniel Hepfinger, Henry Herbold, George William Herlan, Frank " F. D. " Wilham Hesse, Adolph F. " Herman Hill, Morris Hilbert, George Hitzel, Michael Hodgkins, Jacob Hoffman, William Hohmon, Henry Hornung, Max, Sr. Max, Jr. Wilham Sr. William Jr. Howeh, F. R. Hurcl, Burton H. " Clark " Cyrus " Emory " George W. " Harvey J. " James'T. " Melville J. Jackman, Warren Jerge, Herman " Philip Jasel; Charles " Christ K. Kalle, Phihp '' WilHam Kester, Christian " William Klein, Andrew '' Frank " Joseph " Lewis Heinfelcler, Henry Kloff, Samuel Knaab, Jacob Kock, August '' Fred " Fred " Fred " Jacob " John " John Krouse, George Kruske, Henry L. Landahl, August Emil Lougee, William V. Ludemon, George John Luders, Fred " John, Sr. " John, Jr. M. Maiden, Martin Markham, E. J. Mary, Jacob Mattis, Andrew Mau, Andrew " J. R. Maurer, Fred " Lewis Meyer, Albert " James E. Miller, Henry " John " John Mitzel, George Mohn, Henry " Jacob Morath, George Michael William Moss, Joseph Mund, Christian " Fred N. Nuendorf, John Sr. John, Jr. Newman, George Nosbisch, Matthew Michael Noyes, Simeon 0. Oberly, John P. Phillips, Anthony '' Edward " Joseph, Sr. " Joseph, Jr. Philip " Simeon Pickens, Fred Pralow, John Price, Albert ' ' Harvey 294 R. Rath, John Ray, George " JohnW. Reinhardt, Henry Reuther, John Louis P. William Roup, John Rush, Sylvester S. Sandel, Louis Scherer, Jacob Scherwiller, John Schilling, Jacob Schlumm, Charles, Sr Charles, Jr! Schmaltz, John Schrink, Christ Schrimps, Martin Schneider, Thomas Schroeder, August Fred, Sr. Fred, Jr. John Schultz, Anthony " Jacob " John Peter Schurr, Charles Schuster, Charles Seeger, Jacob Sider, Jerry " Jesse Siebert, Charles Slade, Andrew, Sr. Sloane, W. J. Skinner, Almond Smith, Joseph Spaulding, A. D. Stetson, Benjamin F. Charles E. Stilp, Otto Stimson, S. H. Stitz, Albert Stitz, Arthur " Henr}^ E. " Louis " Plrlip " William, Sr. " William 2d " William " William F. " William H. Stork, John " Peter Sugg, Nicholas Summerfield, Thos. Sutton, Alex. T. Tank, Herman Theil, Henry Tramps, Charles Trameter, Louis U. Uebelacker, Joseph Unsel, John V. Viergel, Charles W. Wallenneier, Wm. Walter, John, Sr. " John, Jr. Wanglien, Herman John Webster, Sheldon Williams, Alexander Y. Young, George W. IstD^strct 400 2d District 353 Total Registered voters ....'.".. 753 295 CHAPTER XXI. CENSUS OF THE TOWN OF ELMA. When the State census was taken in 1855 there were but few persona residing in the town of Ehna, except those on the Mile kStrip; the Indian Eeservation b(Mns>; part in the town of Aurora and part in the town of Lancaster. There is no way to ascertain the population at that time, of what was later to be tlie town of Elma. The same township coiuHtions were continued at the time the United States Census was tak(Mi in 1S5(), and at the takini:; of the census b}- the State in 1855. The town having" been organizcnl l)ec(Mnber 4, 1856, we have our first knowledge o( the population of the town, in the Ccmisus as taken by the Ihiited States in 18G0. This Census of 1860 gave the total population of Elma as 2,136. The New York State census of 1865 gave Elma as follows: Whit(^ Males 1,502 l\)t;il MaU^s 1,506 '' l^Vmales 1,300 " IVmales 1,401 Colored Males 4 Total 2,907 " Females 2 Total 2.007 Single persons 1,727 ]\Iarried " 1,008 Native born ^•oters 276 AVidows 51 Naturalized " 273 AA" idowers 31 Total " 540 4\>tal 2,007 575 families 333 ali(M)s residing in the town 415 owners of land 123 persons over 21 3^ears of age who could not read or write. United States Census of 1870 : Native bcu-n ]-esidents . . 1,980 White 2,823 Foreign " " .... 847 Colored 4 New York State Census for 1875: Native born . 2,019 AVhite 2,798 Males 1,444 Foreign " 700 Colored 11 Females 1,365 Total... 2,800 Total .. .2,800 Total 2,809 29G Native voters 323 Of scliool age, males 501 Naturalized " 301 " " " females. ... 460 Total voters 624 Total . . ._ 961 171 aliens — 69 over 21 who cannot read or write. 483 of military age — 437 owners of land. United States Census of 1880: Total population of the town 2,555 No State (Vnsus for 1885, or 1895. United States Census for 1890: Total po]nilation of the town 2,163" United States Census for 1900: Total population of the town 2,202' 297 ^flg' ;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;: ' o^gl / ■t^ O (U OH OJ I > S ' o O u o o s H g DC H « R ^ w ^ s s § U i> [t, H O m Pi. ^^1^ . S-f g^ g-l &^ o x:: <^ pl;^ ^ O w O O 0^ ^ bC =S ^ [s3^WW(^AHc3tsJ O >;=).S ^ • «3 aj 1-4 aj ►-^ 02 i-i ^ ^S ;-! § w § -ai"^ W^ <^" -IS "C T3 [a — 1 5r^ fe. &3. ••d >> >!- T3- ^P^H^ >-~,t i-is -p o 0) a arris een llou Palm . Ban amjQ llou W^Hp. d^^H WccWi-: W^^M 73 o3 73 r^ O bD !m Sh . ^ :: W 03 03 ^H O Hri:: i-^W O^ ft ^ 13 P5. pq. lO fO C lO '^ CO (M t> O IQ "* (N 00 05 o ,_l 00 Ol o lO lO o o o CD CO O CO CO CO CO t^ I> !>• l> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 298 «3 eg '■'■'■ C3 P ■+^ "^ O -tiO» (ffl^H t2^s ::::::::::::::: :^^ 3 t- 'I ^ a s o o a; r-i Oh" c3 3 O f-i 03 03 ^ ^ ff ra fc- ■o CO 00 05 • • Tfl • • • 'T) • »o rH t^ (M LO • ■ (M • • • -ti CO ■o CO »o lO • ■ lO • • fH ;_| :: O •|x| • <' i-4ffidd 8^ f^ f^K^KKK ^ -tJ , o fl :^ . & o d ^5 9 S a; uim^ P.^ pHpq (^ o3 03 m § C bC o CO -# lo CO t^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C6 O oo 00 Oi 00 00 00 lO CO t^ 00 C5 Ci CI o 00 00 X 00 299 ASSESSMENTS OF THE TOWN OF ELMA, 1857 to J900. ASSESSMENT Total Town Roads and Total Yeah Personal Real Assessed Equalized Audits Bridges Tax 1857 9,400 530,840 540,240 483,763 335.94 861.47 4,290.98 1858 7,600 405,625 413,225 458,578 415.14 1,462.53 4,535.43 1859 5,600 430,325 435,525 414,520 304.77 475.68 4,982.63 1860 13,000 406,280 419,280 416.843 593.57 392.67 5,172.59 1861 8,000 405,246 413,246 395,028 551.20 1,(00.00 6,211.52 1862 7,-;00 396,8/0 40±,2£0 426,355 559.03 1,000.00 2,178.38 1863 5,000 398,796 403,796 424,086 542.68 2i0 00 6,897.41 1864 5,000 396,610 401,610 425,718 741.23 1,2.^0.00 12,190.59 1865 10,600 399,270 409,870 395,920 4f,0.00 8,047.66 1866 4,000 398,203 402,203 400,820 1,440.24 250.00 6,876.02 1867 7,000 393,975 400,975 401,820 589.10 1,672.96 11,960.25 1868 14,000 420,090 434,090 427,823 852.00 690.00 8,456.10 1869 15,500 405,515 421,015 450,151 694.78 871.47 6,694.19 1870 24,200 407,950 432,150 433,857 859.55 698.19 10,963.10 1871 23,900 401,725 425,625 462,742 641.10 5,417.15 11,960.25 1872 30,700 401,495 432,195 501,280 677.00 1,487.41 10,489.17 1873 16,700 401,340 418,040 477,516 804.61 2,304.44 12,111.24 1874 12,800 392,662 405,462 508,349 811.66 1,148.07 9,384.15 1875 28,000 1,226,389 1,254,389 1,220,420 806.47 525.32 7,989.68 1876 64,563 1,345,699 1,410,262 1,419,848 960.00 1,064.61 9,410.91 1877 27,634 1,283,985 1,311,559 1,266,921 668.75 3,662.49 12,088.02 1878 27,039 1,267,730 1,294,769 1,146,362 674.05 1,012.39 8,716.81 1879 21,400 1,198,300 1,219,700 1,125,564 665.06 2,079.16 10,661.13 1880 24,400 1,135,395 1,159,795 1,139,850 615.64 974.06 8,225.24 1881 18,100 1,086,370 1,104,470 1,053,129 642.70 814.63 6,535.31 1882 7,100 1,066,538 1,073,638 1,300,823 857.25 1,503.91 10,007.42 1883 7,700 1,080,298 1,087,998 1,318,061 1,025.24 714.79 9,733.80 1884 25,200 1,080,875 1,106,075 1,312,160 836.50 1,503.88 9,054.04 1885 26,950 1,054,850 1,081,800 1,236,183 775.52 977.39 9,211.60 1886 26,800 1,045,632 1,072,432 1,290,056 794.70 1,411.77 9,295.15 1887 29,500 1,071,057 1,100,557 1,238,327 741.18 1,269.03 8,453.76 1888 20,100 1,065,857 1,085,957 1,222,427 733.44 6,188.38 13,589.04 1889 16,300 1,063,632 1,079,932 1,264,026 659.06 824.62 7,943.94 1890 12,000 1,070,057 1,082,057 1,202,956 605.91 1,337.02 7,117.04 1891 20,500 1,0.55,762 1,076,262 1,167,183 743.21 3,062.22 8,082.57 1892 20,700 1,183,020 1,203,720 1,195,685 956.65 660.81 6,962.19 1893 21,000 1,083,942 1,104,942 1,269,067 810.41 1,255.29 9,419.39 1894 19,900 1,083,372 1,103,272 1,267,967 1,115.48 1,703.48 7,163.90 1895 23,600 1,084,812 1,108,412 1,238,132 939.13 1,202.59 8,534.43 1896 26,050 1,079,777 1,105,827 1,522,070 1,139.42 1,508.88 8,800.45 1897 34,000 1,080,247 1,114,247 1,194,522 847.29 1,375.91 7,712.83 1898 30,850 1,078,253 1,109,103 1,200,463 664.44 1,204.03 7,086.24 1899 29,150 1,067,513 1,096,663 1,162,710 931.97 1,983.28 7,939.96 1900 35,150 1,065,869 1,103,836 1,148,289 1,313.95 1,540.43 7,143.30 Ho/ . /,^i>.;3 5.hl7.Xi /3.^J-^^ 300 POST OFFICES IN THE TOWN OF ELMA. In this statement of the post-ofRces of the Town of Ehna, the date of estabhshment of the offices, with the names of the persons who have been appointed to the charge of the several offices is herewith given as nearly in the order of their holding the offices, as could be learned from leading residents of the several localities. The date of the appointments could be accurately learned in but few cases, but the year as given will be found to be correct. ELM A POST OFFICE. Established with Warren Jackman as postmaster in Oct., 1852. Joseph Standart was appointed postmaster in 1860. Warren Jackman was appointed postmaster in 1861. W. Wesley Standart was appointed postmaster in 1865-. James Clark was appointed postmaster in 1869. Mrs. Maria Long was appointed postmaster in 1888. Louis P. Reuther was appointed postmaster in 1897. EAST ELMA POST OFFICE. Established with Fowler Munger postmaster in 1861. Isaac Gail appointed postmaster in 1862. East Elma Postoffice was discontinued in 1863. East Elma Postoffice was re-established with Geo. W. Hatch post- master in 1870. George W. Hatch was postmaster for twenty-four j^ears, but the office was under the care of the following resident merchants, viz. : George W. and Niles Hatch, Isaac Smith, Harvey C. Palmer, Ed- win H. Dingman, George W. and James Hatch, George W. and Leon- ard Hatch, and George W. Hatch, when on January 13th, 1894, Hatch sold the store and goods to Charles Burman. Burman was appointed postmaster March 2, 1894. ELMA CENTRE POST OFFICE. Established with Erin Woodward as postmaster in 1878. Henry A. Wright appointed postmaster in 1885. Peter Grader appointed postmaster in July, 1889. Henry A. Wright appointed postmaster in 1893. Frank Sutton appointed postmaster in April 5, 1895. Mrs., Asa Ford appointed postmaster in July 29, 1899. BLOSSOM POST OFFICE. Established with Lewis Kleberg as postmaster in 1870. Charles Reichert appointed postmaster in 1871. 301 Conrad P. Hensel appointed postmaster in 1873. Frederick Gramm appointed postmaster in 1886. William Kleinfelder appointed postmaster in 1888. Mrs. Kleinfelder appointed postmaster in 1892. Conrad P. Hensel appointed postmaster in 1893. JAMISON ROAD POST OFFICE. Established with Ernst Bleeck as postmaster in 1889. Edwin H. Dingman appointed postmaster in 1893. Ernst Bleeck appointed postmaster in 1897. SPRING BROOK POST OFFICE. Established with David J. Morris as postmaster in 1848. Zenas M. Cobb appointed postmaster in 1849. James H. Ward appointed postmaster in 1850. Asa J. W. Palmer appointed postmaster in 1854. James W. Simons appointed postmaster in 1854. Austin Twitchell appointed postmaster in January, 1861. James H. Ward appointed postmaster in June, 1861. Stephen Northrup appointed postmaster in J867. John G. Fischer appointed postmaster in 1880. William J. Cole appointed postmaster in 1885. Harrison Tillou appointed postmaster in 1889. Richard T. Barnett appointed postmaster in 1893. Harrison Tillou appointed postmaster in 1897. CHURCHES AND SUNDAY SCHOOLS. The Ebenezer Society built a church for their people who resided at Upper Ebenezer, (now Blossom) as near as can be learned about 1849 or 1850. When they sold out and left Erie County in 1863 and 1864, the German Evangelical Society of Blossom had the church building. A Lutheran society was organized in Blossom in 1873, and that year they built a church across the street from the German Evan- gelical Church; that building was burned in 1876, and rebuilt in 1878. All their services are in the German language. A Lutheran society was organized in 1872, and that year they erected a church building, 20x30 feet, near the south west corner of Lot 40, on the north side of the Woodard Road. In a few years this house was too small for their congregation. The old church was moved to the east line of their lot,' and a new church, 32x56 feet, was built on the same grounds in 1887. The old building has since been used for Sunday-schools. The church services and Sunday-schools are conducted entirely in the German 302 language, though all the children and more than ninety per cent of the adults understand English as well as than they do the German language, or even better. All the German churches in the town seem to be imbued with the same spirit ; they want the children to learn enough of the German language, so that they can be confirmed, and most of the German parents, care for no further education of their children, either in English or German. THE FIRST CATHOLIC CHURCH. In Spring Brook, a building, 20x30 feet, was erected in 1850, on the southeast corner of the Aurora Plank and Rice Roads, on Lot 71. In 1874 the society needed a larger house, so the old house was moved to the east end of their lot, on the south side of the Rice Road, and has since been used as a barn for the parsonage. The new building was erected in the summer of 1874, and has since that time been used for the services of that society. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF SPRING BROOK. Rev. Nehemiah Cobb, who had been sent by some Presbyterian Church in Buffalo as a missionary to Spring Brook, held meetings in the schoolhouse in the summer of 1849. As a result of his labors "The First Presbyterian Church" was organized by a committee of the Buffalo Presbytery, on February 6th, 1850. Mr. Cobb, by contributions and subscriptions, gathered materials for a church building, which was erected in 1851 or 1852, on the western part of Lot 75, on land conveyed to the Society by David J. Morris^to revert to said Morris whenever the Society should cease to occupy the premises for church purposes. The membership of the Society, in 1858, had become so reduced by deaths and removals that regular services were discontinued; most of the few remaining members attending the Presbyterian meetings which were held in the Elma Village schoolhouse, where Rev. William Waith preached every alternate Sunday afternoon. The Spring Brook Society was thus gradually absorbed by the Elma Society. By an order of the Presbytery the Society was disbanded June 5th, 1873. The church property reverted to David J. Morris in 1868. MOTHER FREIBERG'S CHURCH. A Catholic chapel, 10x14 and 8 feet in height, called Mother Freiberg's Church was built on the south end of Lot 46, on the north side of the Clinton Street Road in 1854. The Catholic priest of Lancaster came and held services there twice a year for several 303 years. Mother Freiberg having moved away, the building was later sold to Gardner Cotton. UNION CHURCH SOCIETY OF SPRING BROOK. The PresbA'^terian Society of Spring Brook having for several years failed to hold meetings in the church built by Rev. Nehemiah Cobb in 1851 or 1852, the property" reverted to David J. Morris, in 1868. In January, 1869, ''The Union Church Society of Spring Brook" was organized, and Mr. Morris on January 18th, 1869, conveyed the property to the Union Society. Different denominations held services there but the building was most regularly occupied by the Methodist Society, until 1893 when they bought the German Evan- gelical Church property. Since 1893 the Union Church building has been unoccupied most of the time. GERMAN EVANGELICAL SOCIETIES. The German Evangelical Society of Blossom, organized in 1862, occupied the church built by the Ebenezer Society, on the north side of Main street in Blossom Village, until 1880, when they took down that building, and in its place, erected their new church. They have since that time kept up their church services and Sunday-school in the German language. The German Evangelical Society of Spring Brook, built their church on the north side of the Aurora Plank Road, near the west end of Lot 75 in 1872. They held services there for several years, but in time the membership became so small that they sold their building and lot to the Methodist Society in 1893. The German Evangelical Society of Rice Road built their church in 1874 on the north end of Lot 53, and on the south side of the Rice Road, where they have since regularly held their services in the German language. For several years they had a German Sunday- school, but the attendance kept growing less and less, and the school was given up. In 1898 an English Sunday-school was started in the church, with the consent of the members of the church, which has proved to be very successful. The children of German parents do not like the German language, and will not study it unless they are com- pelled to do so. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOCIETY OF SPRING BROOK. It could not be learned from residents of Spring Brook the date of the organization of this society, but that they had for many years held regular services in the Union Church building, and for 304 most of these years they have kept up a Sunday-school, generally through the entire year. In 1893 the society thought best to have a house of their own, over. which they could have perfect control, so that year they bought of the German Evangelical Society their building and lot. After making extensive repairs and alterations the building was re- dedicated December 29th, 1896. The society have regular services and are, as well as their Sunday- school, in a prosperous condition. During most of these years they have had no resident pastor, but have been supplied from Elma and Aurora, most of the time from Aurora. The names of the several pastors cannot now be given. EAST ELMA. There has never been a church building in East Elma. A schoolhouse was built in 1856, and all religious meetings and their Sunday-schools have been held in this schoolhouse. The people have been supplied most of the time by MethocUst preachers from Elma and Marilla or by Baptist preachers from Aurora, or by the United Brethren Society of Williston. Occa- sionally an evangelist or some side preacher would hold meetings for a few days or nights and pass on. A very prosperous undenominational Sunday-school has been kept up all the year for several j'-ears, and at times this Sunday- school constituted the only religious service held in the school- house, or in the place for months together. PRESBYTERIAN SOCIETY OF ELMA VILLAGE. In the summer of 1849 Rev. L. A. Skinner, pastor of the Pres- byterian Church in Lancaster, commenced preaching in the school- house in Elma Village at 2 o'clock on Sunday afternoons, alterna- ting with Rev. George E. Havens, Methodist minister from Lancas- ter, and later with Rev. C. S. Baker, who was sent to Lancaster by the Methodist Conference. Mr. Skinner was obliged to give up the Elma appointment on ac- count of failing health. Rev. Nehemiah Cobb from Spring Brook then took up the work in Elma Village, holding meetings there occasionally until the spring of 1852. In October, 1851, Rev. Wil- liam Waith became the pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Lan- caster and he came occasionally to Elma during that winter; in the spring of 1852 he took up regular work, and continued meetings on alternate Sunday afternoons until 1868. In 1858 most of the remaining members of the Presbyterian Church of Spring Brook came to Mr. Waith 's meetings in the Elma Village schoolhouse 305 and in that way the Spring Brook church gradually became a part of the Elma Society. After the Methodist Church was built in Elma Village in 1859, by invitation from that society, the Presby- terians held their services in the church building ever}^ alternate Sunday afternoon. There was never a regularly organized Presbyterian Society of Elma Village, but the Spring Brook members brought their Society with them, and after that time it was generally called the Elma Presbyterian Society. The Society was disbanded by order of the Presbytery on June 5, 1873, most of the remaining members joining the Lancaster church. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF ELMA VILLAGE, Rev. George E. Havens, who was minister in charge at Lancaster in 1848-1849, was called to Big Flats to preach the funeral sermon of Samantha Standart, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Standart, Senior, who died July 15th, 1849. This was the first death of a white person on the Lancaster part of the Reservation, and the first sermon preached in that part of Elma. Rev. Havens, after that, preached in the schoolhouse to the close of that Conference year. The M. E. Conference for 1849 sent Rev. C. S. Baker to Lancaster and to supph^ Bowmansville and Elma with alternate Sunday afternoon services. In September, 1849, Rev. C. S. Baker organized a "class," com- prised of Joseph Briggs, George Standart, Jr., Mrs. J. B. Briggs, Fiorina Briggs, and Mrs. Olive Standart. The preachers who were sent by the M. E. Conference to Lancaster came to Elma regularly every alternate Sunday afternoon for many years, the meetings being held in the schoolhouse until the church was built. A Sunday-school was organized in the spring of 1851 b}^ Col. Cyrenus Wilbor (father of Mrs. J. B. Briggs). The meetings of the Sunday-school being at 1 o'clock p. m. The Methodist Episcopal Society of Elma Village was organized at a meeting held in the schoolhouse December 23, 1853, Rev. Schuyler Parker, pastor, present. The following named persons were duly elected as trustees : Cyrenus Wilbor, James R. Jackman, Joseph B. Briggs, Elon Clark, Warren Jackman, Joseph F. Clark, and Deforest Standart. Cyrenus Wilbor died September 21st, 1856, age 62 years, 7 months, 6 days. James R. Jackman died November 24th, 1864, age 71 years, 1 month, 17 daj^s. Joseph B. Briggs died October 30th, 1898, age 86 years. 306 Elon Clark died June 7th, 1856, age 34 years, 1 month, 20 days. Joseph F. Clark died August 22d, 1854, aged 31 years. Deforest Standart died October 10th, 1864, age 41 years. The Board of Trustees in the year 1900 consists of Warren Jack- man, Cyrus Hurd, Simeon Noyes, Myron H. Clark, George Beidler, and Charles S. Briggs. The M. E. Church building on the east side of Main Street, in Elma Village, was commenced on July 7th, 1859, and Rev. Gleason Fillmore preached the dedication sermon February 9th, 1860; since which time preaching services and meetings of the Sunday- school have been continuous in the building. The names of the M. E. preachers who have served with the year of their coming are given below : Names. Year. Names. Year. Rev. George E. Havens . 1849 Rev. George M. Harris .... 1875 Rev. John B. Wright 1878 Rev. W. H. Henderson 1880 Rev. C. S. Baker 1881 Rev. J. F. Brown 1883 Rev. R. L. Robinson 1884 Rev. Wallace 1885 Rev. C. S. Baker 1885 Rev. Fred Dark 1888 Rev. C. Robson 1889 Rev. E. AV. Shrigiey 1890 Rev. Louis A. Wright 1892 Rev. Jabez E. Armstrong. . . 1897 Rev. S. W. Wyman 1899 Rev. C. S. Baker 1849 Rev. Gustavus Hines ..... 1850 Rev. Nelson Reasoner. . . .1852 Rev. Schyler Parker 1853 Rev. Gordon 1855 Rev. Alonzo Newton 1856 Rev. Lewis A. Chapin. . . . 1858 Rev. Sheldon H. Baker. . . 1859 Rev. James McClelland. . . 1861 Rev. W.H.Shaw 1862 Rev. F. W. Conable 1862 Rev. Hiram May 1864 Rev. Geo. W. McPherson. .1868 Rev. P. P. Reese 1874 Hev. Jabez E. Armstrong. . .1900 SCHOOL DISTRICTS. The Town of Elma, by resolution of the Board of Supervisors at the time the town was formed, was joined to and to be a part of the Second School Commissioner District of Erie County. On July 16th, 1857, Amos Freeman, the Commissioner of the said Second District, altered and re-numbered the school distircts in the Town of Elma. Eleven schoolhouses were in the toAvn at that date, viz.: Three on the Mile Strip, three in the Aurora part of the town, and five in the Lancaster part. School District No. 1 — Schoolhouse on Clinton Street, known as the Cotton District. School District No. 2 — Schoolhouse on BuUis Road, known as the Bullis District. 307 School District No. 3 — Schoolhouse on Jamison Road, known as the East Ehna District. School District No. 4 — Schoolhouse on Billington and Williams roads, known as the Hitchcock District. School District No. 5 — Schoolhouse on Plank Road, known as North Star District. School District No. 6 — Schoolhouse on Bowen and Rice roads, known as Woodard District. School District No. 7 — Schoolhouse on Bowen Road, known as the Elma Village District. School District No. 8 — Schoolhouse in Blossom Valley, known as the Blossom District. School District No. 9 — Schoolhouse on Winspear Road, known a,s the Winspear District. School District No. 10 — Schoolhouse in Spring Brook, known as the Spring Brook District. School District No. 11 — Schoolhouse on Northrup and Paxon roads, known as the Davis District. A Catholic schoolhouse was built in 1864 on the southeast corner of the Clinton Street and Girdled Roads. The schoolhouses in 1900 are on the same old sites, except that District No. 11 after a few years was discontinued and the territory joined to two school districts in the town of East Hamburgh, and that schoolhouse is gone. The schoolhouse for District No. 1 is on the south side of the Clinton Street Road, about 20 rods east from the Girdled Road, on the north end of Lot No. 20. The Catholic Schoolhouse is on the northwest corner of Lot No. 20, and southeast corner of the Clinton Street and Girdled Roads. District No. 2 — Schoolhouse is on the north side of the Bullis Road, on top of the hill east of the Big Buffalo Creek, and on south line of Lot 16. District No. 3 — Schoolhouse is on the north side of the Jamison Road and south line of Lot 10, about 60 rods east from the East Elma store. District No. 4 — Schoolhouse is on the north line of Lot 15 of Mile Strip and on southwest corner of the Williams and Billington Roads. District No. 5 — Schoolhouse is on the north line of Lot 28 of the Mile Strip, on southwest side of the Plank Road. District No. 6 — Schoolhouse is on the southeast corner of Lot 52, and on northwest corner of the Bowen and Rice Roads. 308 DiSTEicT No. 7 — Schoolhouse is on the west side of the Bowen Road, on top of the hill about 50 rods south from the Clinton Street Road. •District No. 8 — Schoolhouse is in Blossom Village on the south side of the Main Street. District No. 9— Schoolhouse is on the west line of Lot 89, and on the north side of the Winspear Road, about 108 rods north from the Bullis Road. District No. 10— Schoolhouse is in Spring Brook Village, on Lot 75, and on northeast side of the Plank Road. District No. 11 — Schoolhouse was located near the centre of Lot 36 of Mile Strip, and on the southwest corner of the Northrup and Faxon roads. This district was united with Districts 8 and 11 of the town of East Hamburgh. The schools in the town are generally what are known as graded schools. The number of children in the town, on July 1st, 1898, between five and eighteen years of age, as given by the trustees of the sev- eral school districts was 578. Of these, 476 attended school in the town some part of the school year, and 46 attended school out of town, making a total of 522 who were in school; the fifty-six who were not in school were mostly between 14 and 16 years of age,- and by the school law, were not obliged to be in school, if they were regularly employed. School expenses for the school year ending July 1st, 1899 : Amount paid for teachers' wages $2,644.20 Amount paid for other expenses 948 . 54 Total $3,592.74 By the returns of the trustees of the school chstncts there were on July 1st, 1899, 558 children in the town between 5 and 18 years of age, being 20 less than on July 1st, 1898. Number of children in the town between 8 and 16 j^ears of age : On July 1st, 1898. On July 1st, 1899. Boys 219 Boys 193 Girls 207 Girls 188 Total 426 Total 381 Making a loss in the year of : Boj^s 26 Girls 19 Total 45 309 APPENDIX. I90t. January 1901, introduces the 20th centur}^, with five inches of snow, entirely cloudy, terperature 26°, gentle northwest wind. Harve}^. J. Hurd died January 25th, burial in the Elma cemetery. By his will he gave SI, 000 to the Investment Fund of the Elma Cemetery Association; the interest of this fund is to be used, per- petually, for the care and improvement of the cemeter}^ grounds. By his will, his sister, Mrs Harriet D. Rowley, came into full pos- session of the " Hurd Homestead" and mills, being about 180 acres of land on lots 48, 52, 53 and 57, on the east side of the Bowen Road in Elma Village, and between the Clinton Street and Chair Factory Roads. Snow or rain fell during a part of every day between December 24th, 1900 and March 11th, 1901; the seventy-eight consecutive days of storm giving seventy-one inches of snow, and with the high widns on many days made travel, especially the turning out to meet teams, ver}^ difficult and dangerous. The town meeting on March 12th was held b}^ election districts; 306 ^'^otes were polled in the first district and 218 in the second district ; total 524. Rain and thirty-two inches of snow in April served to continue the roads as the worst in many 3^ears. Mr. 0. J. Wannemacher diecl April 24th; burial in the Catholic cemetery in Spring Brook. A special town meeting was held in the school house at the corner of the Bowen and Rice Roads on Saturday, April 27th, 1901, to vote on the following five propositions, viz. : First. — Shall the Town Board be authorized and empowere 1 to effect a settlement and compromiss of the claim of Michael Morath for $10,000 damages for alleged personal injuries by reason of falling through the bridge over Pond Brook on the Chair Factory Road, on or about the 13th day of October 1900, for the sum of $1,700, together with his necessarj'- and reasonable expenses for ph5'sicians and surgeon's attendance from October 13th, 1900, to March 30th, 1901, and to raise and appropriate the same? Second. — The same question to settle the claim of $10,000 of George Heidenreich, by reason of falling through the same bridge 310 at the same time for $500.00 and expenses of physicians and sur- geons attendance, between same dates as above? Third. — Shall the Town Board be authorized to raise and appro- priate the sum of S3, 500 or so much thereof as may be necessary for the purpose of building a new bridge across the Cazenove Creek at Northrup mills? FouETH. — Same question for authority to raise $1,000 for con- struction and maintenance of the highways and bridges of the town? Fifth. — Shall the Town of Elma raise and appropriate seven and a half per centum toward the amount required for improving the Aurora Plank Road and the Clinton Street Road through the town, under the proidsion of Chapter 115 of the Laws of 1898, and the Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto? At this special Town Meeting there were 122 votes polled and all the five propositions were voted affirmatively b}'' a majority of 80 to 100. Bad roads were the cause of the light vote. Farm work was much delayed through April and well into May on account of the ground being too wet to allow of very much plowing and planting. Apple trees were very shy of blossoms this year and most of the fruit that set dropped early in the season. Pear, plum, cherry, and quince trees blossomed full, but most of the crop was destroyed by heavy rains and winds while the trees were in blossom, the pear being a partial exception. May 1st was the time set for opening the Pan-American Expo- sition in Buffalo, but bad weather and labor strikes caused such delay that May 20th was named as Dedication Day for the" Rain- bow City," when 101,687 persons passed through the gates. The electrical building and tower, illuminated at night by more than 500,000 electric lights, and the plan by which the Exposition buildings and grounds were lighted by electricity made a display far in advance of anything of the kind ever attempted, and were the wonder and admiration of all visitors. The Commissioner of Highways of the town in May let the con- tract to furnish and put up a steel and iron bridge across the Caze- nove Creek at the Northrup mills, to the Canton Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio; the bridge to be 130 feet in length and to be com- pleted in August. The contract price was $2,800. The old lattice bridge was torn down in June, a new abutment built at the north end of the bridge ; for some reason the iron work was not in place at the close of the year 1901 and people were put to great loss and inconvenience, as it was at times dangerous to ford the stream, especially in cold weather and on dark nights. The Farmers Club of the Town of Elma was organized in June 1901, with Cornelius McHugh as President, Myron H. Clark as 311 Vice-president and Rev. George Mason as Secretary and Treasurer. The frequent showers and warm weather of the latter part of June and first part of July forced vegetation along very rapidly, so that crops on July 10th were as far advanced as in ordinary years; but haying, and the harvesting of wheat, rye, and oats, have all been crowded together between July 8th and 20th. Melville J. Hurd on July 1st bought of Mrs. Sarah L. Standart her seven acre lot on the east side of the Bowen Road on Lots 58 and 59, just south of Elma Village; and on the same day he bought of James T. Hurd, Myron H. Clark and Mrs. Harriet D. Rowley, executors of the will of Harvey J. Hurd, forty-two acres on the west side of the Bowen Road between John Garby's land and the railroad. The same day, July 1st, James A. Woodard, George H. Woodard and Mrs. Emma McDonald, bought of the same executors eight and one-half acres, being parts of lots 52 and 60, on the south side of the railroad. Saturday, July 27th, was ''Elma Circus Day," and large crowds of people turned out, afternoon and evening, to attend the second yearly entertainment on the "Bomi}^ Brook" grounds of Mr. R. P. Lee. Fun on a large scale and a great financial success. The Aurora brass band furnished the music. Simeon Phillips, who lived on Lot No. 6 on the south side of the Clinton Street Road, committed suicide on August 4th by hanging, in the woods a short distance from his house. As the bridge across Crooked Brook on the Bullis Road had broken down, the Commissioner of Highways put in a steel pipe six feet in diameter and 32 feet long; then on August 10th he let the contract of filling with earth, the space which had been covered by the old bridge. William Beckman's barn on Lot 20 on the east side of the Girdled Road, on the north side of the Big Buffalo Creek, was struck by lightning and with the hay and grain was burned during the severe thunder storm of Tuesday p. m., August 20th. No insurance. Yager's barn on lot 65 on south side of the Bullis Road, and Andrew Slade's barn at Elma Centre were struck and slightly in- jured, and several cattle in different parts of the town were killed by the same storm. Otis A. Hall's barn on the Lancaster Town Line Road, filled with hay, grain and farm inplements, was burned by lightning on Thurs- day p. m., August 22d; no insurance. Nearly six inches of water fell during the three days, August 20th-22d. Mrs. Sarah A. Cunningham died August 27th; burial in the Elma cemetery. By her will she gave $200 to the Elma Cemetery In- vestment Fund. 312 The Elma Town Farmers' Club, held its first annual picnic on Labor Day, September 2d, in Luder's grove on Lot 41, on the west side of the Schultz Road. Professor Spencer, representing the agricultural department of Cornell University, gave a very inter- esting address; subject, ''Cultivating the Farm." The Town Board on Tuesday, September 3d, authorized the Commissioner of Highwaj^s to sign a franchise which would give to the Buffalo, Gardenville and Ebenezer Trolley Company the right to build and operate a trolley road in this town along the easterly side of the Aurora and Buffalo Plank Road. The attendance at the Pan-American Exposition, on September 5th, "Presidents Day" was 116,660. PRESIDENT WILLIAM McKINLEY. President William McKinley, while holding a public reception on Friday afternoon, in the Temple of Music on the Exposition grounds, was shot by Leon F. Czolgosz, (pronounced Sholl-Goss) an avowed Anarchist 28 years of age. The President was taken to the Exposition hospital, where his wounds were dressed, thence to the home of John G. Milburn, at the corner of Delaware Avenue and Ferry Street, where he died at 2,15 o'clock, Saturday morning, September 14th, 1901. Age, 58 years, 7 months, 15 days. Funeral services were held at the Milburn home at 11 o'clock a. m., Sunday, September 15th, and at 11.55 the procession left Ferry Street for the City Hall, arriving there at 1 o 'clock, where the body of the President lay in state until 10.55 p. m., when more than 100,000 persons had looked upon the face of the dead President and the doors of the building were closed, guards were placed and the body remained through the night in the City Hall. At 7.45 a. m., Monday, September 16th, the funeral procession, under military and police escort, proceeded to the New York Cen- tral depot on Exchange Street where a train of seven coaches of the Pennsylvania Railroad was in waiting. The train left Buffalo at 8.34 o'clock, passing Elma station at 9.03 a. m., arriving in Washington that evening. The body lay in state in the Capitol until Wednesday evening, September 18th when the funeral train in two sections left Wash- ington, arriving in Canton, Ohio, on Thursday forenoon, September 19th. The final services were held in the Canton cemetery at 3 o'clock that afternoon. At that hour all business throughout the country was generally brought to a halt. On nearly every railroad, orders had been issued for every train, passenger and freight, to stop wherever they might be for five minutes, and these orders were obeyed. 313 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. At the home of Mr. Ansle}^ Wilcox, at the corner of Delaware Avenue and North Street in Buffalo, at 3.35 o'clock on Saturday afternoon, September 14th, 1901, Vice-president Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office as the 26th President of the United States. Before taking the oath of office he said: "I wish to state that it shall be my aim to continue, absolutely unbroken, the policy of President McKinley for the peace and prosperity and honor of our beloved countr}^ The oath was administered by Judge John R. Hazel of the United States District Court. Immediately after taking the oath of office. President Roosevelt asked the members of President McKinle3^'s Cabinet who were present, to remain as his Cabinet, at least for the present. They all decided to comply with his request. As the final burial services of President McKinley were to be at Canton, Ohio, on Thursday, September 19th, President Roosevelt designated that day as a day for humiliation and prayer, and re- quested the people to assemble at their places of worship and ap- propriately ol3serve the day. A great, a noble, an honest Christian has left us. ' The people mourn, but the Government at Washington still lives. As an over-ruling Providence can order that good shall come out of evil, it is hoped by this act of assassination of the President, that Anarchy has inflicted a death blow upon itself, at least in these United States. The Pan-American Exposition closed on November 2d, 1901. Paid admissions, 5,306,859; free, 2,813,189. Total, 8,120,048. A^oting machines were used in the two election districts in this town at the general election held November 5th, 1901 — 168 votes in the First District; 149 in the Second District. Total 317. Farmers have never had a nicer fall than this year has given them in which to secure their large crops of corn and potatoes, and to do other fall work. The potato crop has been the largest ever raised in the town, and farmers have never realized such high prices as in the fall of 1901 ; 50 cents to 75 cents per bushel at the railroad stations for shipment, and 60 cents to $1.00 per bushel in Buffalo. The wholesale market price for farm produce on December 18th was : Wheat, 80 to 90 cents ; corn, 70 to 72 cents ; oats, 52 cents ; beans, S2.60 per bushel; butter 26 cents per pound; eggs, 26 cents per doz; hay, $15.00; rye straw, $10,00 per ton; apples, $4.00 to $5.75 per barrel. These prices are nice for the farmer but very high for the buyer. 314 INDEX A Abolition Party 137, 147 Abstract of Title 37, 41 to 55 Accounts of Towai 300 Adams, Amasa 78, 80 " Chester 78,80, 168 D. K 86,244 Luther 78, 100, 251 " John, of Massachusetts 41 John, of Mile Strip 78, 80 JohnQ 80,86,100 African Slave Trade 171, 189, 190, 191 Agreement, Indians with Hatch . . 96, 97 Alabama State Convention 185, 186 Albany, City of 38, 73 " County 56, 57 Alden, to\¥n of, .26, 28, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95, 100, 124 Aldrich, Thomas 86 Allen, Anthony, Jr 198, 205, 233 Brothers 198, 200, 205 David 198, 205 Ellery 198, 205 ■ " Henry 257 Allender, Nicholas 151 Alphabetical list of Deaths 269 " Marriages 257 " Registered Voters . . 289, 293 " Residents at East Elma in 1856 103 " Residents on Lancaster part in 1856 121 " Residents oij Mile Strip in 1856 86 " Residents in Spring Brook in 1856 132 " Resident owners of real estate in 1900 282 " Volunteers in Civil War 166, 168 American, the 104, 105, 106 Party 182, 191 Anderson, Major Robert.. 149, 159, 161, 170, 195, 196 Anniversary, 100th of U. S 211 Appendix 310 Arbor Day 222 Ard, George 121 " James 152 Arkansas, State of 172, 195 Arndt, John 79 Arnold, Charles 168. 169 Assessments, Table of 300 Association, County S. S 221 " To\Aai S. S 131 Atloff, John 213 Attendance, Officer 236, 237, 238 Aurora,part of Elma 91, 123, 124 To\ra of . . 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 59, 61 62, 68, 77, 78, 79, 80, 85, 95, 96, 100, 122, 124, 125, 133, 201, 250 B Bacon, Hiram 121 Baker, Rev. C. S 109 George 125, 126 " Luke 132 " Matthias 61, 121 Salem 86, 251 " William G 236, 248 Baltimore, City of 162 Bancroft, Albert 121 Alonzo C. .106, 109, 112, 121, 204, 205, 210, 219, 220. " Golden Wedding. . .238 Eleazer 94, 95, 104, 107, 108, 112, 115, 116, 117, 121, 134, 210, 220. Henry E 154, 227, 240 Joseph W 113, 115 William H.. .92, 105, 113, 121, 146, 203, 229 Barnett, John 61, 130, 132, 153 Richard T. . .230, 232, 238, 248 Barnum, Chauncey 123 Plin 123 Barto, Jesse 100, 134, 251 Batavia, Town of 57, 58, 89, 202 Bates, William 86 Beck, Michael 202, 210, 236 Becker, Louis 143 Beckman, William 312 Beidler, Henry 106, 121 Bell, William 203 Benton. Thomas H 173 Big Buffalo Creek . . . .19, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 92,95,96,99, 101, 104, 106, 108, 114, 134, 135, 140, 143, 146,150,199,210, 238 315 Big Flats 26, 33, 101, 105, 112 " Springs 124 Billington, Road (See Roads), Sticknej^ ....80, 251, 252 Black Rock. 28 Blacksmiths in " Blossom, Alois Dusch 212, 248 " East Elma, Thos. Edwards 229, 248 " " " Wm. Edwards. ...213 " " " John Hicks 202 " " " Nathan Howard.. 103 " John Kihm 197 " Thomas Moore. . .212 " " "■ Thos. Schneider. .204 " JohnShav 204 " ElmaCenter, Jos. Gajex 234,248 " " Village, Wm. H. Bancroft 105 " Geo. Helfter .204, 211, 219 " Jerge & Helfter. . .204 " " " Jera;e Brothers. . 105, . 219, 229, 248 " Casper & Jacob. . .151, 203 " " " " Jacob 120,203,229 " Henry W. Stitz. . .141 Blacksmiths. " Jamison Road, 3, T. Clifford . . . .203 " Charles Clough 240,248 " " " Samuel Schurr. . .222 Ir%dng Schurr 234 " Spring Brook, " " " John Barnett 130, 132 153. " Michael Beck 203,236 " " " T. Clifford 153 " " " Joseph Grace 126, 128, 132. " " " Nathaniel Gra^'es, 128. " " " James McGiv-ern, 236, 248. " " " James Wolcott, 129, 130. Blaine, James G 126 Bleeck, Ernst 202, 214, 216, 224, 235, 248 Blood, Horace 79, 251 " James 79 " Road, (See Roads) Blossom, Blacksmith 212 " Bridges, (see I^ridges) " Cliurches (see Churches) .... 302 " Fire Company 204, 229 Mill, Cider 248 " " Grist, (see Grist Mills) " " Saw, (see Sawmills) " Post Office(see Post Offices) . 301 Schools, (see Schools) . . .308, 309 " Stores, (see Stores) " Saloons (see Saloons) " Villaa;e, 19, 20, 27, 93, 101, 108, 143, 147, 151, 198, 213, 218. Blue Lodges 178 Board, Robert C 234, 238, 243 " of Supervisors, 60 to 64 91, 121, 132, 137, 140, 146, 223, 250. Bodimer, Jacob 220 " Philip, (see Deaths) 269 Bonimer, Adam 108 Booth, J. Wilkes 154,165 Border Ruffians 179, ISO, 181 Bounty Fund, 168, 169 Bowen, Oliver, 108, 135, 141 Bower, Peter, 141, 147 Breckenridge, John C .148, 157, 182, 191, 193, 194. Bridges, Built Blossom 200, 221 BuUis 90, 143 Cemetery Road 230 East Elma 125, 141 Elma Villae,-e, ... 95, 108, 204, 244 Northrup, 12'6, 127, 129, 131, 149, 200,249,311. Simanton Ill, 119 Standart 120, 141 Winspear, 139, 140, 200, 224 Burned, Blossom 220 Carried off bv Flood, " East Elma 125 " Elma Village 95,108 " Northrup, 127, 129, 131, 149 " Simanton . . .111, 118, 150 " Standart ..150,206 " Winspear 200 Condemned, Northrup, 249 Damaged bj- Flood Blossom 200 East Elma. . . .140,141 Elma ^'illage . . 108, 204 " Northrup 200 " Winspear 200 Repaired, Bullis 225, 230 Elma YiWsige 238 Northrup 200,204,214 " Standart 200,204 " Winspear 200 Brings, Dr. Albert H., . .228, 234, 236, 238, 243. " Charles S 229, 231 " Cortland C 231 " Erasmus 62, 121- " George D.. .223, 224, 231, 232, 234, 243. " Geor^-e D., Mrs.." 220 " Joseph 109 " Joseph B 61, 101, 104, 105, 106 107, 110, 114, 115, 121, 144, 168, 210, 215, 217, 219, 224, 232. " Golden Wedding 228 " Mrs ...104,109 816 Briggs, J. B. & Co. .115, 120, 13.5, 141, 146 " J. Eddy 231, 236, 244 " Wilbor B. .115, 200, 229, 232, 234, 236, 243. " & Sweet, 214,219 Bristol, George H 155, 201 " John B 132 Brooks. Russel 78, 79, 94 Brown, Mason L 225 " Warren 86 Brunner, Augustus 151, 152 Bryan. William J 2.35, 241, 245, 247 Buchannan, James 137, 147, 148, 158, 159 160, 165, 176, 177,182 183, 184, 194, 195. Buffalo, City of, 28, 73, 76, 78, 85, 95, 133, 1.36, 201, 249, 311, 314 Town of 59 Creek, Little 19 " Reservation, 19, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, .33, 51,. 52, .53, 54, ,55, 59, 77, 87, 89,90,91,93,100,101, 123. ' & AUeganv Valley R. R 198 N. Y. & P. R. R. (see Railroads) Building.s Burned " " Baker's Saloon. . . .236 Beckman's Barn. . .312 " " Bodimer Barn 220 " " Blossom Mills and Bridge 220 " " Bower's Steam Mill, 147 " " " Bam 223 « " Briggs & Sweet Mill, 219 BuUis Mill & Shop .109 Burns' Barn 236 " " Curtis & Deming Tannery. ..... . 150 " " Edwards' Shop. . . .213 " Hall, Otis A., Barn 312 Koch, Jacob, Barn .223 " " Kratz Grocery .,..213 Kyser Steam' Mill. .204 " " Leger Saloon and Barn 232 " " Lutheran Church, Blossom 211 McMullen, John, House 236 Metcalf, Frank, Barn 229 " " Miller, Jacob, House 214 " " Miller, John, Barn .242 " " Munger & Crane, Mill, 200 " Northrup S., Store .205 " Ott, Lewis, Mills.. .220 " " Phalen, Patrick, Barn 249 " " Pound's Steam Mill, 140 Buildings burned, " " Robinson & English Mill 128 " " Railroad Depot, Elma 2.33 " " School House, Dist. No. 6 211 " Slade's Coal Office .233 " " Sutton, Alex, Store 233 " Sweet, C. H., Store .242 " " Williams' Store 204 " " Woodard's House and Barn 228 Bull Plow, Wood's 70, 82 " Run, Battle of 162 " William 203 Bullis Mills, (see Sawmills). " Road (see Roads). " Frank 203 " Harmon 86 " Lewis M., 25, 88, 105, 106, 109, 121, 134, 144, 145, 203, 251 " Marion 81 " Orson S 203 " Seth M 78, 81 Bunnell, Augustus 106 Bureaugard, (Gen.) 149, 161, 170 Burman, Charles 231, 248, 301 Burns 122,123 Burns, Peter 236 Butler, Gen. B. F 163, 188, 191 Butter Factory 248 Button, Abel N 103 Business Directory for 1900 248, 249 C. Cabot, .John 38, 39 Cady, F. L. A 232 Calhoun, John C 173, 174, 175 Calkins, Stephen 132 Cambria, Town of 59, 68 Canada, 23, 27, 28, 30, 32, 44 " Indians 26, 28, 29 Canandaigua Lake 24 Carman, John 93, 121 Case, Truman 126, 127 Cass, Lewis 159, 176 Cassady, Patrick 240 Cattaraugus County 57, 58, 68, 78 Creek 58, 59 Carefield, Peter 121 Cayuga Creek 27, 52 " Indians 22.25,26,-33 Cazenove Creek, 19, 20, 21, 27, 77, 80, 96, 103, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127. 131, 134, 1.35, 141, 149, 197, 199, 200, 249, 311. " Theophelis 20 Certified Milk 233 Cemeteries, " Catholic, in Spring Brook .129 317 Cemeteries, Davis, on Mile Strip . .86, 141 Elma Village 114, 115, 310, 313 " Indian 141 " Lutheran, on Woodard Road 205 Spring Brook . . .128, 129, 149 Tillou, or Union 201 Census, N. Y. State 155, 296, 297 " United States, . . 147, 168, 197, 204, 214, 240, 296,297 Chair Factory, 112, 198, 219 " " Road, (see Roads) Chandler, Lvman 78, 79 Charles, 2d" (King) 40, 42, 43 Charter of Liberties 40, 56 Charleston, City of 159, 185, 186 Chautauqua County. . . .23, 57, 58, 59, 68 " Reading Circle 219 Cheektowaga, Town of 26, 59 Chicago, 230 Chicker, Stanlius 86 Chippewa, Battle of 29, 33 Chowder Partv 228, 234 Churches in 1820 73 inElma, (see Chap. 21) 302 " Catholic (Mother Freiberg) 116,117,303 " Spring Brook,. .102, 116, 129, 132, 211, 235, 239, 303. " East Elma 305 Ebenezer, Blossom 108, 116, 151, 302. " Evangelical, Blossom, 151, 213, 302. " " Rice Road, .211,304 " " Spring Brook, .205 230, 304. " Lutheran,Blossom, 205, 211, 212, 302. Woodard Road . .205, 220, 302. Methodist,Elma Village, 109, 11 6, 141, 144, 145, 154, 216, 220, 223, 228, 238, 306. Spring Brook, 230, 235, 304. " Presbyterian, Spring Brook, 130, 303. " " Elma Village, . . 109 141,145,305. " Union, Spring Brook, . . .116, 130 203, 304. Cider Mills, 213, 234, 235, 248 Civil War, Cause of 149, 170 to 196 " During, 86, 154, 161, 165, 170 " Volunteers, State 156 " " " from Elma. .156, 166, 167, 168. " Elma, Bounty Fund.. . 168, 169 Clans of Iroquois 29, 30 Clarence, Town of . . .55, 59, 68, 87, 89 Clark, Briggs & Co 114, 116, 118, 120 " Elon 109, 111, 114, 120 " James. .92, 115, 140, 141, 146, 203 " Joseph 110, 117 " Mvron H. . .220, 221, 231, 232, 237, 242,243,312. " Oliver H 109, 114, 120 " & Elon 109,111,120 Clay, Henrv 172, 174 Cleveland, Grover 82, 216, 218, 229 Clifford, Timothy 153, 203 Clinton, DeWitt 73 Clough, Charles 240, 248 Coal Dealers in 1900 248 Cobb, Rev. Nehemiah. .110, 130, 303, 305 " Zenas M., 61, 126, 128, 132, 168, 209 Colden, Town of 68, 77, 95 Coldest day 149 Cole, Bordan J 81, 244 " Charles P 86 " Daniel F 78,80 " & Fish 248 " John P 81 " JohnW 81,86 " Henry 204 " Salathiel, 78, 80, 86 " William J 214, 218 " & Sweet 214, 218, 226 Collins, John _ 210, 214 Colonies, Infant period of 18, 65, 66 U. S 18,40,41,65,66 Commissar}^ Supplies, Civil War 169 Commissioner of Highways .139, 149, 223, 227, 244, 250, 311, 312 for Massachusetts, 44, 48, 51, 53, 54, 90, 93 for New York, . .44, 48, 54, 93 forU. S 51,53,54,90,93 Confederacy of Iroquois 24, 28 Southern, 149, 154, 160,163 Confederate Armj^ 154, 165, 170 States 149, 160, 195 Congress of U. S. (see U. S. Congress) " Committee to Kansas. .181, 182 Conlej^ Bernard 132 Patrick 132 Conners, John 225 Connecticut River 39, 46 Constitutional Convention 41 Constitution of U. S. .18, 41, 148, 158, 171, 173, 174, 195, 196 Continental Congress 40, 41, 43 Contrabands 163 Cook, John 198 Corbin, William H 128, 135 Cornplanter (Chief) 25, 33, 34 Cotton, Elisha 94, 154, 155 Gardner 117, 121 Hiram 121 Counties of N. Y. formed 56 to 59 318 Coverdale, Thomas 78, 81 Crane, Albert 103, 134 Ernest C 243 Creek, Big Buffalo, (see Big Buffalo Creek) " Cazenove, (see Cazenove Creek) " Little Buffalo 19, 119, 135 Crooked Broo k 135 Crystal,City 226 Cunningham, Mrs. Sarah A 312 Curtis & Dealing 142, 150, 155 " Stephen 259 " Albert 259 " Frank 259 " Walter L 142 D. Darcey, John 103 DaAds, Albert 80 " HattieE 200 " Jacob R 78, 80, 96, 134 " James 78, 80, 86, 154 " James, 2d 61, 127, 132, 251 " Jefferson. . . .149, 160, 162, 185, 186 " John 132 " William H 80, 86, 132, 200 Dean, tierman 121 Deaths, Alphabetical Lists 269 to 285 Declaration of Lidependence . .41, 65, 66 Deed, Massachusetts to N. Y 44 to 48 Delaware River 46, 49, 56, 57 Democratic Convention .... 186, 187, 191 Party 136, 137, 146, 148, 154, 157, 173, 176, 178, 182, 183, 191, 193. Platform . . .182, 186, 187, 240, 241, 245. ;' Senators 173, 174, 176 Deming, Frederick ^ 142 Denio, H. B 123 Denver, City of 216 Devils Hole 103, 200 Dewitt, Ziba 121 Diebold, Anthony 131, 132, 139 Diemert, Joseph 135 " Lawrence 146 Dingman, Edwin H, 102, 221,230, 231,234, 248, 302. " Harry 103 Divens, John 78, 80 Donahue, Patrick 132, 209 Douglas, Stephen A.. . .148, 157, 191, 193, 194 Drought, Great 238 Duke of York 40, 43 Dunbar, James 128, 130 Dungan, Thomas 40, 56 Dmiham, Milton H 132 Dusch, Alois 212, 242, 248 Dutton, Charles A., 112, 120, 121, 143, 146, 202 229. Dutch, ! .!^. !.38, 39, 40 West India Company. . .38, 39, 42 E. Earl, Taber 78, 79, 80 East Elma, 19, 20, 26, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 150, 151, 152, 200, 218, 221, 240. Blacksmiths (see Blacksmiths) Bridge 125, 140, 141 Buildings burned, . . .200, 204, 213, 236 Church 305 Indians 101, 102 Post Office, (see Post Office) 301 Residents in 1856 103 Saw Mills, 96, 99, 134, 150,151, 198, 205. School 103, 308 Shingle Mill 103, 134, 141, 200 Store, (see Stores) Woolen Factory 198, 200 East Hamburgh, Town of 19, 26 Ebenezer Society,. .93, 108, 110, 116, 124, 133, 138, 147, 151 " Upper, (see Blossom) " Village 78 Edenhoffer, John 229 Edwards, A. M 215 Thomas 229, 248 William 213 Eldridge, Benjamin J 244 Ellis, James 86 Ellsworth, A-\-engers 152 " Isaac 86 Election Districts, 225 Elma Centre, 107 Blacksmith, 234, 248 Buildings burned . .228, 233 " " Coal and Lumber dealer, 248 Post Office, (see Post Offices) 301 Saloon, 222, 248 " " Stores, (see Stores) Sunday School 236 Elma Circus 242, 243, 312 " History of Town 17 " Indians 22, 32, 33, 101, 102, 103 " Post Office, (see Post Offices) . . .301 " Town of, Organized 18, 60 to 64, 86, 103,121,132,250. " Town of 17, 18, 19, 25, 26, 28, 32, 40, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 59, 65, 67, 74, 77, 78, 79, 87, 94, 95, 101, 122, 133, 137, 138, 140, 147, 155, 157, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 197,221,227,228,231. Map, (Front Cover) 220 Meeting, First 137 Officers Elected 298,'299 S. S. Association: 221 Surveyed 77, 91 Village, 19, 20, 21, 26, 95, 101, 106, 111, 137, 143, 144, 145, 319 Elma Village, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 217, 219, 234, 238, 244, 310, 312. " " Blacksmiths, (seeBlacksmiths) " Bridge, 95, 108, 204, 238, 244 " Cemetery 114,115,228 " " " Association .. 220, 224, 310, 313 " " Church, (see Churches) ... 305, 306. " " " Pastors (see Churches) 307 " Gas Well 231 " Park 115 " " Saloon 118, 119 " " Stores, (see Stores) " " Young People's Association, 228 Emancipation Proclamation 164 ^Emigrant Aid Society 178, 187 Emporimn, 201, 206 Endicott Company, 42 England, 17, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 65 English, William 127 Enlistment in Civil War, .... 166, 167, 168 Erie Canal 73 " County 23, 25, 51, 57 to 61, 68, 74, 84, 157. " " S. S. Association 131 " Indians, 23 " Town of 57,59 Errata, 16 Estabrook's Saw Mill, (see Saw Mills) John, 87, 88 Seth .87,96, 105, 106 Exposition at Philadelphia, 211 ^i " " Chicago, 230 " _ Pan American . . .311, 313, 314 Evangelical Churches, (see Churches) 302, 304 F. Fairbanks, Horace Scott, 80 James, 78, 80 Willard, 78, 80 Falstein, (suicide) 123 Farmer Brother, (Chief) 25, 28, 33 Farmers, 222, 238, 239, 244, 314 Alliance, 223, 224, 235 Club of Town of Elma . . 312, 313 " Institute, Erie Co., 220, 223, 224 Fath, Christian, 155 Federal Army 165, 170 Fillmore, Rev. Gleazen, 145 Millard, . . 81, 128, 129, 176, 182, 183, 194 Financial Storm, 83, 85 Fire Company of Blossom, 204, 229 Fischer, John G 212, 213, 222 Five Nations, 23, 24, 25 Flannigan, Thomas, .... 125, 126, 129, 132 Floods in Elma, 150, 199, 200 Florida, 38, 40, 160 Flour City, 100 Flower City, 1 00 Floyd, John B 159, 195 Fogleman 152 Fones, John, 78 " Wallace W., 132 Ford, Mrs. Asa, 237, 248 Fort Orange, 38 " Sumter, 149, 159, 161, 170, 195 Foster, Caleb, 81 Fourth of July in Elma Village. . .116, 242 Fowler, Edwin, 86, 103 France, 17, 38, 39, 42, 43 .. . Freiberg, George, 108 John, 108, 116, 121 " Mother, 116, 117 Franklin, Benjamin, 41 Fremont, John C 163, 182, 183, 194 Free Soil Party, 147, 177 " and Free Speech 182, 183 " State Constitution 181 French and Indian War 30 J. J 128, 135 Allen, 110, 121 Frobes, Charles, 153 Frog Pond, 99, 103, 134 Frost, hard, 144, 245 Fugitive Slave Law, . . .136, 174, 176, 178 G. Gail, Isaac, 103, 152, 199 Galveston, 243 Garby, Christ, 121 Fred, 121 John, 151, 200 Garden ville, 27, 92, 96, 112 Garfield, James A 213 Gas Company 231, 232 Gas Wells, Elma Village 231 " Lot 55 231 " " Spring Brook 230, 238 Gaulden, W. B 189, 190 Geary, John W 183, 184 Gentsch, George 121 Genesee County 57, 58, 68 River, 26, 48, 57, 68, 75 Geography of Elma 17, 19 Geology of Elma 20 Georgia, State of . . .40, 160, 171, 194, 195 German Evangelical Churches. . .302, 304 " Blossom, . .151, 213, 302 " Rice Road 211, 304 " " Spring Brook . . .205, 230, 304. Getty sburgh. Battle of 152 Geyer, Joseph 234, 236, 248 Gibson, Charles S 243 " Mrs. Clara E 237 Gilmore, Dr. James 130, 132 Girdled Road, (see Roads) Gloss, Mrs. Pauline 230 320 Good, George and Edward . .128, 131, 135 Golden Weddings, 203, 218, 228, 238 Grace, James J 132 Joseph 126, 128, 132 " William W 132 Grader, Peter Sr. 140 " Jr., . . . .222, 223, 235, 248 Gramm, Frederick 218 Grant, U. S., 154, 165, 170, 202, 205 Graves, Nathaniel 126, 128 Greely, Horace 205 Green, Samuel, 198 " Silas, 147 Greiss, Michael 121, 134, 244, 248 Great Britain 28, 46 Grist Mills, 248 " Bower, Peter 141, 147 " " Briggs & Sweet 214, 219 " Ebenezer Society .... 108, 220 " Greiss, Michael 234, 248 " " Hurd & Briggs, 141, 147 " Harvey J 217, 234, 248 " " Kyser, Horace 205, 214 Leger & Diebold, 131, 132, 139 " George ; 139, 141 Northrup, Lewis 130, 131, 141, 214. " " " Eli B 214, 248 " " Ott, Lewis, 220 " " in 1900 248 Groceries in 1900 248 Griffin, John W 103, 251 Griggs & Ball 244 H. Haas, Lewis 221 Hagar, Catharine 225 Hall, Maria 103 " Nathan K 81 " & Fillmore 81 " Otis A 105, 121, 312 Hamburgh, Town of. .26, 77, 88, 95, 122 Hamlin, C. J. 79 " Hannibal 157 John W 155 Hanvv, Thomas 103, 134 Hard Times 83, 84, 85, 136 Harrah, Charles H., 225, 226, 227 Harris., Hiram, 61, 63, 79, 128, 198 Samuel, 78, 79 Hatch, George W., 202, 204. 231 James, 103, 231 Leonard, Sen., 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 123, 134, 218. " Leonard, Jr.,, 231 Niles, 103, 231 Wilder, 78 Hayes, Rutherford B., 212 Head, James, 140 Heim, Fred, 152 " George, 240 " Jacob, 153, 223, 235, 248 Heinemann, Ferederick, 121 Heitman, Fred, Sen., 110, 138, 153 Helfter, George, 204, 211, 219 Hemstreet, Zina A., 61, 78, 99, 103, 134^ 146,218,251. " Bridge (see Bridges), " Saw Mill (see Saw mills), Hensel, Conrad P., 143, 230, 248 Herlan, F. T., 230, 248 Hesse Adolph F., 248 " Herman, Sen., 198 " " Jr., 248 Hicks, John, 202 Hill, Henry, 131 '; Zenas, 121, 251 Hines, Solon, 238 Thomas, 201 " Willard F., 240 History of Elma, 17 Holidays for Elma, 94 Holland, Town of, 17, 38, 78, 122 Land Company, 19, 20, 49, 50, 58, 68, 76, 87. " Purchase, 50, 65, 67, 72, 73, 74, 77, 82, 89. " " Survey, 50,59 First Settlers, 68 to 74, 133. Hopper, James, 103 Horning, Max, Ill Howard & Crane, 103, 134 " Marcus A., 143 " Nathan, 103 RufusL., 110, 111, 114, 116,118, 120. Russel, 103, 1.34, 141 Howe, Dr. Carey W., 146 Hoyt, Samuel, .' 209, 210 Hudson, Henry, 38 River, 38, 42 Hunt, William, 132 Hurd & Briggs, . . .101, 105, 106, 107, 112, 115, 116, 134, 141, 147, 199, 210, 217, 219, 221. Hurd, Allen J 152 " Burton H., 237, 239, 243 " Clark W. 63, 104, 105, 106, 110, 117, 134, 137, 140, 141, 143, 168, 169, 204, 206, 210, 215, 216, 228. " " W., Golden Wedding. . . 219 " Cyrus, 106. 107, 115, 121, 153 " George W., 214, 230, 236 " Harvey J., ..212, 213, 217, 221, 225, 231, 232, 2.34, 236, 244, 248, 310. " James T., . ..202, 219, 220, 223, 224, 231, 232, 236, 243, 244, 312. ■ " Melville J., 312 321 Indians, 21, 22 to 36, 47, 75, 76, 87, 90, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 123, 124 Canadian, 27, 28 Cayuga, 22, 25, 26, 75 Cemeteries, 33, 101 Character of, 35 Chiefs, 31, 53, 54, 87, 88, 90, 96, 97,98,99,101. ofEIma, 21,32,33, 101 Erie, 23 Iroquois, 22 to 31, 75 " Confederacy, 24, 28, 29, 35, 36. Mills, (see Saw Mills, Estabrook & Hatch.) " at Transit, 122 Mohawk, 22, 27,29, 30,32 Neuters, 23 Openings, 101, 102 Oneida, 22,25,27 Onondaga, 22 to 27 Reservations, 27, 28, 32, 50 Seneca, 22 to 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 65, 75, 88, 90, 93, 100, 102,103 123 in Elma Village, 33, 101 " Traditions, 23, 24, 25, 31 Trails, .76, 90, 100, 122, 123, 124 Tuscarora, 26, 27, 75 Villages, 26, 32, 33, 36, 78, 101, 102. " War Dance, 33 I. O. of O. F. Society, 230, 232, 238 Ives, Riley, 115, 119, 121 J. Jack-berry-town, 29, 92, 93, 96 Jackman,'JamesR., 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 121. Warren, 61, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 120, 121, 137, 144, 145, 146, 150, 152, 199, 200, 215, 220, 232, 236, 237, 249. Mrs. Warren, 215 William J 118, 121 Jackson, Andrew, S3 James, First, (King), 40 Jamison Road, 125, 151, 254 " Blacksmiths, (see Blacksmiths). Post Office 224, 230, 235, 248, 302 " Rail Road Station . . 79, 202, 236 Stores, 214, 216, 221, 248 Jasel, Christ, 248 Jefferson, Thomas, 41, 176 Jemison, Mary, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 88, 101 Jerge Brothers, 92, 105, 219, 229, 236, 248 " Casper, 221,251, 203 " Hermon, 219, 229, 244 " Jacob, . . 108, 120, 121, 143, 146, 151, 203, 204, 222, 228, 229. Jerge, Philip, .219, 229, 238, 244 Johnson, Calphirena, 127 Philetus, 121 " Sir John, 30 Jones, William, . 127, 130, 131 Jurisdiction of Nations, 37 Justice of the Peace, 61, 63, 298, 299 Kansas & Nebraska Bill .... 176, 178, 183 " Territory 179, 180, 183, 185 Delegates, . . .179, 180, 181 " " Elections, 179 " " Committee. . 181 182 " Governors, .179, 180, 183, 184. Legislatures, 179, 180, 182 State Convention, 180, 184 " Constitution, .181, 184, 195 " Admitted, 184,195 " " Governors, 184 Keim, Karl, 121 Kelgus, George, 211, 230 Kennedy, Charles, 132 Kent, E. G., 128, 132, 242 Ketchum Mower, . . 110, 111, 114, 116, 120 Reaper, 114, 116, 120 Kihm, Henry, 222, 230 " John, 197 " Peter, 132 King, James First, 40 Kinney, Hiram W 106, 121, 145 Kinsley, Stephen, 251 Klas, Joseph,_ 235, 238, 248 Kleberg, Louis, 204 Klehm, Henry, : 197 Klein, Joseph, 121 Kleinfelder, William, 221 Mrs. William 229 Knaab, Jacob, 61, 121, 251 Ivnights of Golden Circle, 164, 195 Know Nothing Party, 136, 137 Kock, Jacob, 198, 223 Kratz, Joseph, 213 Krouse, George, 110, 121 " Lawrence, 121 Kvser, Horace, 61, 125, 126, 128, 132, 151, 168, 204, 205, 209, 214 Lagore, 120 Lake Erie, 22, 24, 27, 47, 50, 75, 95 " Ontario, 22, 23, 24, 27, 47, 49, 50, 57, 58, 75 Lamberton, John, 77, 91 Lancaster, Town of 18, 19, 26, 59, 61, 62, 68, 79, 91, 94, 95, 105, 124 133 " ■ Part of Elma, ! .87, 91, 123, 124 Lathrop, Paul B., 86, 146 Lee, George, 132, 150 322 Lee, Gen. Robert E., . . 154, 163, 165, 170 " John R., 243 " Richard Henry, 41 " R. Porter, 219, 229, 231, 238, 242, 243, 312 " Robert W 152 " Zebina 95, 126, 132, 149 Leger & Diebold 131, 135 " George, 130, 131, 132, 139, 141, 152, 153. " Place 130 " Louis & William, 248 " Saloon, 232, 248 Legislature of N. Y 57, 58, 59, 60, 91 Lincoln, Abraham, 147, 149, 154, 157, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165 193 194 196. Little Buffalo Creek, ...'....'. .19, '90, 119 " & Bowen, 141 " Osman, 108, 121, 141 Livingston, Robert, 41 Loekwood, William M., 61, 132, 209 Long, Mrs. Maria, 221, 301 Looking Backwards, 65 Longee, Benjamin P., 121 " Norton B., 152 " William V., 25 Luders, Fred, 244, 249 " John, 121, 198, 235 Ludamon, John, 121 Lumber Dealer, .233, 248 Lutheran Churches, (see Churches) . . .302 M. Mad Dog,. .' 238, 239, 240 Manke, Karl, 213 Mann, Charles, 121 " Fred, 121 Map of Town of Elma, 220 " " New Spring Brook, 226 Marilla, Town of, 19, 26, 28, 52, 61, 80, 90, 91 95 147. Markham, Erastus J.,'. .115, 146, 150, 152, 203, 213, 215, 218, 220, 228, 232. Stephen, 117, 142, 200 Marvel, Alfred, 127, 132 Mary, Jacob, 248 Maurer, Frederick, 117, 121 Marriages, Alphabetical list 197, 257 Massachusetts Bay Colony, . . . .42, 43, 56 " Commissioner for, 44, 48, 51, 53, 54, 90, 93. State of 44, 45, 47, 48, 162, 174 Measles, Epidemic of, 240 Meat Markets, 248 Meeker & Bowen, 131, 142 " Henry, 131, 132, 139 " & Wattles, 131, 139 Merchants in 1812, 72, 73 " 1900, 248 Meridian Time for Railroads,. . . .215, 216 Mertz, Conrad, 108 Metcalf, Frank, 25, 26, 101, 229 " Spencer, 102 Methodist Churches, . .304, 305, 306, 307 " in Elma Village, (see Churches), 306. " " in Spring Brook, (see Churches), 304. Mexico, 172, 173, 174, 176 Mexican War, 172 Michigan, State of 85, 172, 176, 183 Michaelis, Frederick 151 Mile Strip, Purchase of, .32, 51, 52, 55, 77, 86, 133. " " Surveyed, 77, 91 " Settled, 77, 78, 83, 94 " Saw Mills on 80, 96, 134 " Schools, on 77, 81, 308, 309 " " Population of in 1840, 85 " " Residents of in 1840, 81, 85 " of in 1856, 86 Milford, 112 Milk, 244 Miller, Jacob, 214, 240 " John, 242 " William, Sen., 155 Mississippi River, ... .24, 38, 39, 44, 179 Missourians, 178, 179 Missouri Compromise Act, . . 136, 172, 174, 176, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184. State of. . 163, 172, 173, 174, 177, 179. Mitchell, Joshua, 78, 81 William, 78,81 Mohawk Indians, 22, 27 to 32 Mohn, Jacob, 198 Monroe, Jesse, 121 Montgomerv County, 57 Moore, Bradley, 119, 121, 135 " Thomas, 212 Morris, Albert, 198 David J., 61, 62, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 203 " John, 61, 125, 128, 132, 144 Lafayette, 132 " Robert, 26, 34, 49, 50 " William, 155, 198 Mound Builders, 23, 24, 25, 26 Mouse Nest Tavern, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128 129, 132, 147, 149, 151, 198, 215. Mowing Machines ,110, 111, 114, 116, 120 Mullen, Hugh, 151, 212 Munger & Crane, 141 Fowler, 141, 150 Municipal Gas Company, 231 Murders, (see Chap. 19), 269 Murlin, Edgar L., 234 323 Mc. McClelland, George B., 154 McFee, John, 128, 130, 132, 148, 204 McGiveron, James, 236, 248 McHugh, Cornelius, Sen., 152, 276 McHugh, Cornelius, Jr., 312 McKean, Robert, 92, 96, 99 McKinley, William, . . . .235, 241, 245, 246, 313, 314. McLean, (Judge) 177 McMuUen, John, 236 MePherson, Rev. George W., 202 N. Names of Indian Chiefs, . . .52, 53, 54, 98 "Roads, 250, to 256 " " Streets, 226 " " Subscribers to Bounty, .... 168 " Volunteers in Civil War, ...166, 167, 168. Nations, Right and Jurisdiction, 37 Native American Party, 136, 178, 182, 191 New Mexico, 173 " Orleans, 195, 216 " Spring Brook, 225, 226, 227 " York, City of 38, 39, 73, 84, 162 " Colony, 43,56 " " State, 17, 22, 24, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45,48, 175, 183. " " " Commissioners, 44, 48, 54, - 93. " Census, 155, 197, 296, 297 " Legislature, 57, 58, 59, 60 " " " Reservation, 27, 49, 50, 57, 75. Niagara County, 58, 59, 68, 87 River, 22, 28, 49, 57, 58, 75 Woolen Mills, 200, 205 North Carolina, State of, 25, 160, 186, 195 " Star Tavern, 80, 81, 122 Northrup Bridge, (see Bridges), " & Baker's Mills, (see Saw Mills) , " Store, (see Stores), Gas Well, 230, 238 & Baker, 125, 126,221 Eli B., ., 126, 130, 132, 197, 214, 221, 223, 226, 227, 230, 231, 238, 248, 250. Lewis, 61, 63, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131,132, 134,137,141, 168, 197,209,214,251, " Stephen, 132, 153, 201, 205, 212 Nosbisch, Matthias, 140, 237, 248 Nouse, Eleazer, 121 " John, 121 Noyes, Amasa, 121 " Charles, 110, 121, " Simeon, 110 " Theodore, 110, 121, 141 0. Oberly, Peter, 121 Odd Fellows Society, 230, 232, 238 Hall, 232, 238 Ogden Company, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 51 to 55, 77, 78, 88, 89, 90, 91,93,95,99,100, 101, 103, 122, 123, 133, 136, 138. David A., 50 " Samuel, 49 " Thomas L., 50 Clean, ,.58, 201, 205 Omnibus Bill, 172 Oneida Indians, 22, 25, 27 Onondaga Indians, . .22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 Lake, 22, 25 Ontario County, 57 Oregon, 172, 176 Orr, George, 135 Ostrander, John W., 251 Ott, Lewis, 121, 220 Pacific Ocean, 38, 40, 42 Pail Factory, 128, 131, 135 Paine, Emily, 81 " William, 86 Palmer, Asa, 125, 126, 132 Asa J. W., 130, 132 Harvey C, . . ._. 100, 200, 211, 231 Pan-American Exposition, . 311, 313, 314 Parker, Lyman, 132, 153 Park, Elma Village, 115 Paris, Treaty of, 40, 41, 43, 44 Patriot War, 85 Pattengill, Hiram, 80 " Jacob, 78 Taber, 78 Pawnee City, 179 Paxon, Harvey, 86, 132, 251 Peace Congress, 160 Peck, Joseph, .105, 108, 121 Peek, Christopher, . .86, 141, 153, 168,169, 204. " Clement, 203 " George, 86 " JohnW., 86 Pennsylvania, 46, 47, 48, 50, 57, 58 " Railroad Company, 242 Persons, Ellsworth G., 100, 244 Phalen, Patrick, 249 Phelps & Gorham Tract, . .26, 28, 49, 75 Philadelphia, . .40, 43, 44, 182, 211, 216 Phillips, Simeon, 312 William, 221 Picnic, 4th of July, 116 Pierce, Franklin, 178, 180 Pioneers, 68 to 74 Pittsburgh, 182 Plank Road, Aurora and Buffalo, 85, 127, 249 " " Reservation Central, 119 Piatt Argus, 179 324 Plymouth Company, 40, 42 Polk, James K., 127, 172 Pomerink, John, 121, 144 Pond Brook, 19, 20, 21, 94, 96, 97, 114, 142, 150, 197, 210, 231, 238, 243, 244. Porter (Gen.), 28 Porterville, 100 Post Offices and Post Masters, . . .197, 248, 301. " " Blossom, Ebenezer Co., . . 108 " " Charles Reichert, 147 " " " Louis Klebreg, 204 " " " Frederick H.Gramm, 218 " " " Wm. Kleinfelder, 221 " " " Mrs. Wm. Kleinfel- der 229 " " Conrad P. Hensel, 231, 248 " " E. Elma, Fowler Munger, 150 " " " Isaac Gail, 152 " " " Discontinued, . . 152 " " " George W. Hatch, 204, 231 Charles Burman, 231, 248 " " Elma, Warren Jackman, 113, 150. " Joseph Standart, . . .147 " " " W. Wesley Standart, 155 " " James Clark, 203 " " " Mrs. Mary Long, . . .221 " Louis P. Reuther, . . 235, 248. " " Elma Centre, Eron Woodard, 212, 218. " " " " Henrv A. Wright, 218, 230. " " " " Peter Grader, 223 " " " " Frank Sutton,233 " " " " Mrs. Emilie Ford, 238, 248. " " Jamison Road, 302 " Ernst Bleek, ..224,235, 248 " . " Edwin H. Dingman, 230 " " Spring Brook,D. J. Morris,127 " " " " Zenas M.Cobb, 128 " " " James H. Ward, 129, 150. " " " A. J. W. Palmer, 131. " " " " J. W. Simons, 131, 132. " A. Twitchell, 148 " S. Northrup, 201 " J. G. Fischer, 213 " Wm. J. Cole, 218 (( cc Post Office, Spring Brook, H. L. Tillou, 223, 235, 248. " R. T. Barnett, 230, 302. Presbyterian Societies, (see Churches) 303, 305. Presidential Campaign for 1856, 182, 183 " " " 1860, 147, 148, 157. " 1864, 154 " 1896, 2.35 " 1900, .240, 241, 245. Elections " 1856, 183 " 1860, 157 " 1864, 1.54 " 1868, 202 " 1872, 205 " " " 1876, 212 " 1880, 213 " 1884, 216 " 1888, 221 " " " 1892, 229 " 1896, 235 " 1900, . .240,241, 245. Potatoes and Point, 69 Pound, Samuel, 135, 140, 251 Price, Albert, 224 " Daniel, 106, 121, 229 Prison House, (Ebenezer), . .110, 138, 139 Pro-Slavery Party, 178, 181, 183 Public Debt, 165, 170 Pugh, George E., 185, 189 R. Rail Roads, 66, 67, 198, 199, 201, 206, 212, 213, 215, 216, 242. " " in Elma, 198, 199, 201 Stations, Elma 59, 202, 233 " " " Jamison Road, 79, 202 236. " Spring Brook', . . .202, 225. Rain Bow, 228 Raloff, Charles, 153 " John, 153 Rathburn, Benjamin, 84, 88 Reaping Machines, . . . .114, 116, 118, 120 Real Estate, Resident owners of in 1900, 282 Red Jacket, (Chief), . . 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34 Reeder, Andrew H., 179, 180, 181 Registered Voters in 1st Dist. in 1900 289 " 2d " " 1900, 293 Reichert, Charles, _ 147 Republican National Convention 1860, 191 192 Party, 136, 137, 146, 147, 154, 157, 182, 183, 191, 192 Platforms, . .182, 192, 193,245 325 Reservation, Buffalo Creek, (see Buffalo Creek, Reservation) Indian, 27, 28, 32, 34 N. Y. State, 27, 49, 50, 57, 75 " Survey of Mile Strip, .77, 91 " " " Aurora part, ... .91 " " " Lancaster part . . 91 Residents, first on Mile Strip, 81,85, 86, 95 "in Elma Village, 95 " " " Spring Brook, 95 in East Elma in 1856, 103 " " Elma Village in 1856, . .121 " Spring Brook in 1856, . . 132 on Mile Strip in 1856, 81, 85, 86 " owners of Real Estate in 1900, 282 Reuther, Louis P., 115, 228, 234, 235, 236, 248. William, 206 Revolutionar3^ War . .25, 26, 27, 30, 40, 41 44, 65. Rights and Jurisdiction of Nations, ... .37 Rice, William M., 126, 132, 168, 251 Rickertson, James B., 251 Riley, Joseph, 96, 99 Roads, and Bridges, cost of, 300 " Description of, Chap. 17, 250 " Revised records of, 223 " Table and Names of, 251 Road, Adams, 80, 100, 251, 252 " Aurora & Buffalo, 79, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 100, 102, 122, 123, 125, 127, 249, 251, 252 Baker, 251,252 Barto, 251, 252 Billington, 79, 80, 251, 252. . . Blood, 79,251,252 Blossom, 251,252 Bowen, 80, 90, 91, 92, 94, 117, 251, 253. Bullis, ......' .20, 25, 105, 251, 253 Central, 251, 253 Chair Factory, . . .107, 210, 251, 253 Clinton Street, . . .105, 106, 251, 253 Conley, 251, 253 Davis, 124,251,253 Ebenezer Village, 251, 254 Elma Cemetery, . .228, 230, 251, 254 Girdled, 80, 92, 251, 254 Hemstreet, 251, 254 Hill, 107, 251, 254 Jamison, 125, 251, 254 Kinsley, 251, 254 Knaab, 251, 254 Lancaster Town Line, . . . .251, 254 Marilla Town Line, 251, 254 New Spring Brook, (Streets)226, 227 North.Star, 251,254 Northrup, . .124, 127, 149, 251, 255 Ostrander, 251, 255 Paxon, 251, 255 Road, Pound, 251, 255 " Rice, 123, 125, 251, 255 " Reservation Central, 119' " Rickertson, 251, 255 " Schultz, 251, 255 " Seneca Creek, 251, 255 " Smaltz, 251, 255 " Standart, 120, 251, 256 " Stolle, 206, 251, 256 " Thompson, 210, 251, 256 " Trolley, 313 " Williams, 79, 251, 256- " Winspear, 139, 251, 256 " Woodard, . . .90, 107, 123, 251, 256 " Woods, 89, 90, 100, 104, 123 Robinson & English, 127, 128 " Finley, 127 " Gov. of Kansas, 184 Roosevelt, Theodore, 237, 241, 314 Roscoe, Sherman, 128, 135 Rost, Charles, 135 Rowley, Amos P., 103 Mrs. Harriet D., .310, 312 Rush, Alexander, 215, 237 Sylvester, 240 S. Saloons in 1900, 248 Sargent, Henry C, 204, 206 Saw Mills, Steam, in 1856, 134, 135 " Bower, Peter, ..141,147 " Briggs, J. B. & Co., ..120, 135, 146. " & Sweet. 214, 219 " Clark, Briggs & Co., . .115, 116,120,135. " Corbin, French & Roscoe, 128, 135. " Dimert & Rost, 135 " Good, George and Ed, 128 131,135. " Kyser, H., 151, 201, 205, 214. " Leger & Diebold, 131, 132, 135,139. ■ " George, . .139,141, 150, 153. . . " Peek, Christopher, . . .153, 204. " Pound, Samuel, .135, 140 " Robinson & English, .127, 128. " Schultz, Philip, 197 " Woodard, Eron, 135 " " Burned, (see Buildings Burned), " Water, in 1856 134, 135 " Allen Brothers, .198, 205 " Anthony, 205 " Baker, George, . . 125, 126 " Bancroft, Eleazer,104, 134 " Barto, Jesse, .... 100, 134 ti a li ii II it it II u a li II ii (I 326 Saw Mills, Water, Bass, Lyman K., . .204 " Bowen & Little, .146, 153 " Bullis,LewisM., 20,87, 88, 96, 105, 106, 109, 134, 150, 151. " Bullis, Orson S., 203, 204. " Davis, Jacob R., 80, 96, 134. " " " Ebenezer Society, 108,135, 151, 220. " Estabrook, 87, 88, 94, 95, 96, 105, 106, 123, 134 " Hanvev, . . .103, 134, 212 " Hatch & Riley, . . .96, 99 " Leonard, 95, 123, 134 " Hemstreet, Z. A., 96, 99, 134, 1.50, 151, 198. " Hurd, Cvrus, 153 " & Clark, 117 " " " " &Briggs,104,105,134, 217 221. " Clark W.', ..117, 134, 142. " Harvey J., .217,221, 231, 234. " " " Indian, near Transit, 122 " " Markham, Stephen, . .117, 142, 200. " Moore, Bradley, .119, 135 " Mullen, Hugh, . .103, 212 " " " Northrup & Baker, . . 125, 126, 221. " " " Lewis, 20, 125, 126, 130, 132, 134, 141, 197. Eli B., 197, 221 " Orr, George 135 " Ott, Lewis 220 " Sargent, H. C, 204 " Shindler, 134 " Simanton, Robert, 110, 134 " " " Standart, Geo., Sen., 94, 95, 146, 153. " " & Bowen. .108, 135, 1.53. " " Geo., Jr., and Wash- ington, 108 " " " William, 20, 109, 135. " " Joseph C, . . .200 " Tiffany & Dimert, 146, 153 " Titus, Orvil, 135 " " Winspear, William, . . 135 " in Elma in 1888, 221 " " " " 1900, ... .248 Schifferstein, Andrew, 210, 230, 248 F., 235 Frank, 230, 233 Schmaltz, John, 221, 251 Schnurr, Michael, 132 Schultz, Philip, 251 Schurr, Irving, i . . . . 234 ti it a ii Schurr, Samuel, 222 Schools in the Town, 307, 308, 309 " District No. 1, 112 " 2; 111,213 " 3, 103 " 4, 81 " 5, ?1 " 6, 211 " 7,106, 107, 217, 218 " 8, . . . .108,242,308 ' " " " 9, 308, 309 " 10, 127, 132, 206 to 210,309. " 11, 81,308,309 Catholic, 153, 308 Scott, Dred, 176, 177, 189 " John, 86 Seeger, Jacob, 244 Secession, 148, 158, 160, 172, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195. Secretary of War, 93, 159 Seneca Indians, (see Indians), " Lake, 22, 57 Settlement Day, 94 Seward, William H., . . .154, 165, 175, 176 Seymour, Horatio, 202 Shane, Peter, 106, 111 Shannon, Wilson, 1^0, 181, 183 Sharick, Abraham, 153 Shawnee Mission, 179 Shay, John, 204 Shingle Mills, Bullis, 109, 134 " Howard & Crane, . .103, 134, 141. " " Munger & Crane, . . .141, 200 " " Shindler, 134 " Wilder, Julius P., . .135, 146 Shoe Makers, 72 Shufelt, George, 121 Schultz, Peter, 112, 121 " Philip, 197 Side Walks, 225, 231 Silos, 224, 234, 236, 244 Simmons, Eli, 131, 132 Simanton, Robert, 110, 134 Simons, Janies W., 129, 130, 132, 147 Sisler, Lewis, 132 Six Nations, 25, 26, 27 Skinner, Rev. L. A., 109, 305 Slab City, .90, 100 Slave Holders Rebellion, (see Civil War) " Trade, 171, 189, 190, 191 Slavery Question, 136, 160, 163, 171, 172, 173, 175, 184, 187, 188 Smith, Isaac, 231 " Christian, 67 Sommers, Charles, 234, 235, 248 Soil of Elma, 21 Sons of the South, 178 South Carolina,148,158, 159, 160, 171, 175, 194 Southern Confederacy, .149, 154, 160, 163 327 Southern Congress, 162 Spain, 17, 37, 38, 39 Spade, Peter, 107 Spaulding, E. G., ' 157 Spencer, Cyrus S., 128, 130, 132, 213 Adelbert, 214, 248 Sperry, James, 89, 91 Spooner, Whipple, 86 Spring Brook, 20, 62, 78, 90, 102, 103, 110, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 135, 149 150, 153, 155, 197, 206 to 210, 249. New, 225, 226, 227 " " Blacksmiths, (see Black- smiths) . " " Buildings burned, (see Build- ings Burned). Churches, (see Churches) 303, 304, 305 Cemetery, . . .128, 149, 198 Farmers Alliance, .223, 224, 235. " Gas Well, 230, 238 Grist Mills, (see Grist Mills) Groceries, 128, 129, 132, 148, 150, 248. Odd Fellows, 230, 232, 238 PailFactoiy, 128,131,135 Post Office (see Post Offices) 302. Rail Road Station, 202 Residents in 1856, 132 Saloons, 128, 129, 132, 232, 236, 248. Saw Mills (see Saw Mills) " Schools, 127, 132, 206 to 210, 309. " Sidewalks, 225 " " Stores, (see Stores) " Tannery, 131, 132, 133, 135, 139, 142, 150. " " Tavern, (see Mouse Nest) Squatter Sovereignty, 148, 176, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189. Stamback, Henry G., 130 Standart, Celina, 106, 107 Deforest, 63, 104, 105, 109, 121, 137, 149, 153. George, Sen., 92, 93, 94, 95, 108, 111, 121, 135, 151,251, George, Jr., . . .61, 108, 109, 121 John, 210 Joseph C, 147, 200, 312 Samantha, 108, 109 Washington, 61, 108, 109, 121, 149,. William, 108, 109, 114, 116, 121, 135, 140. " Golden Wedding, .203 W. Wesley, . . 121, 147, 151, 153, 155, 203, 238. State Jurisdiction, 56 Stave Town, 100 Stetson, Benjamin F., 106, 113, 121 Charles E., 240 Stephens, Alexander H., 149, 160 Stevens, John, .■ 66 Stitz, Philip, Ill, 121, 206, 213 " Henry W., 121, 141 StoUe, Christian, 205, 228, 251 Stone, Harry, 121 Stores, Blossom, Ebenezer Society,. . .108 Reichert, Charles, . . .147 Kleinfelder, Wm., . . .221 Herlan, F. T., 248 " East Elma, Burman, Charles, .231, 248. " Dingman, E. H., .231 " Gail, Isaac, . .103, 199 " Hatch, George W., 202 231 Geo.W.& Leon- ard, 231 & James, 231 &Niles, 231 " Palmer, Harvey C, 231 " " " Smith, Isaac, 231 " Williams, 204 " Elma Centre, Ford, Mrs. Asa., 237, 248. Grader, Peter,. ..222, 235. " " " Sommers, Charles, 234, 235, 248 " & Sutton, 234 235. " Sutton, Alex., . .232, 234 " . " " " " &Son, 235. 237 " " " Wilkes, Mrs., . . .'.232 Wright, Henry A., 212, 232 " Elma Village, Briggs, J. B. & Co., 115,121,141 " ElmaVillage, Clark, James, 115, 141 146 Ives, Riley, 115,119, 121 Jackman, Warren, 112, 115, 119 Markman, E. J., 115, 146, 1.50, 228 Reuther, L. P., 115, 228, 235, 236, 248 Standart, W. Wesley, 153 Walker, 107 Stores, Jamison Road, Bleeck, Ernst, 214 216, 248 328 Stores, Jamison Road,Dingman, E. H. , 221, 248 " " " Wilting, Fred, 214 " Spring Brook, Barnett, Richard T., 230, 248 " Bristol, George H., 155, 201 " Cole & Sweet, 214, 218 " Collins, John.. 2 10, 214 " Curtis & Deming, 142, 155 " Dunbar, James, 129, 130 " Fischer, John G., 212 222 " Hoyt, Samuel, 210 " Jones, William, 130 " Kent, E. J., 128, 132 " Kihm, Henry, 222, 223 230 " Kihm & TiUou,' 223 " Meeker & Bowen, 139, 142 " Meeker & Wattles, 131, 132, 139 " Northrup, S., . . 132, 152,201,205,212 " Spencer, Cj^rus S., 213,214 " Spencer, Adelbert, 214, 248 " Sweet, Charles A., 242 " Warner, John P., 152 Stowell, Nathan W., 110, 121 " Theoron, 110, 121 Sugar Making, 70 Sugg, Nicholas, 248 Suicides, Bull, William, 1869, 203 " Davis, James M., 1874, " Fath, Christian, 1865, 155 Frazier, 1866, 272 " Lagore, 1855, 120 " Mann, Charles, 1873, 276 Miller, Mrs. Jacob, 1865, ... .276 " Morris, William, 1865, 277 Pattengill, Hiram, 1846, 80 Phillips, Simeon, 1901, 278, 312 " Rossman, Wm., 1885, 278 " Seeger, Christopher, 1888, .. .278 " Standart, John, 1874, 210 " Tiffany, Thomas D., 1860, . . 147 Summerfield, Thomas, 121,, 225 Supervisors, 60 to 64, 91, 121, 132, 137, 140, 146, 223, 250 Survey, by Holland Land Co., 50, 59 " . of Mile Strip, 77, 91 " " Aurora part of Elma, 91 " " Lancaster part of Elma, ... .91 Sutton, Alex, 232, 233,234, 235 " Frank, 233,234, 235 Sweet, Charles H., 214, 225,227, 231, 242, 249 Taber, Martin, 78,80, 81 Tab .269 .257 286 289 293 le of Deaths, (see chap, 19), "Marriages (see chap. 18), " Roads (see chap. 17), 250 " Owners of Real Estate on Mile Strip, 282 " Owners of Real Estate on Aurora part, 283 " Owners of Real Estate on Lancaster part, . " Registered Voters, 1st Dist. " 2d " Saw Mills in 1856, 134, 135 "Silos in 1900, 244 " Town Accounts, 300 " " Assessments, 300 " " Officers Elected, . 298, 299 " " Road & Bridge Expenses , 300 " " Taxes, 300 " Wind Mills in 1900 , 239 Talmadge, Charles, 126, 132 C. J., 132 Taney (Judge), 177 Tonneries, 72, 131, 132, 133, 135, 139, 142, 150 Taverns, Hurd's 140 " Mouse Nest, (See Mouse Nest) , North Star, 80,81, 122 Taxes Table of, 300 Taylor, Zachery, 127, 128 Territorial Legislatures, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186,187 Texas, 160, 195 Thayer, Charles, 125, 136 " Mrs. Charles, 215 " WiUiam, 132 Thompson, Joseph G., 103, 351 William, 86 Thompson 's Bank Note Reporter, .... 84 Threshing Machines, 82 Tiffanv & Dimert, 146, 153 " " Thomas D., 61, 121, 153 " Wallace, 146 Tilden, Samuel, 212 Tillou Cemetery, 201 Tillou, Erastus, 132 " Isaac, 132 " James, 132, 169 " Joseph, 127, 132 " Harrison L., 132, 213, 223 229, 232, 235, 248 Time, (New Meridian), 215, 216 Timber of Elma, 21, 134, 135, 136,201,206 Timon, John (Bishop), 129 329 Titus, Orvil, 121, 135 Todd, (Gov.), 191 Tonawanda Creek, 59 Topeka, 180 Tornado, Galveston & Buffalo, 243 To^vn Board, 139, 140,141, 225, 231, 244, 250, 310, 313 To^vn Clerks Office Safe 222 " Geology of 20 " Geography of 17, 19 " Map of 220 " Meeting, First 137, 138 " Officers Elected 298, 299 " Town Organized 60 to 64 " Meeting, Special . , 152, 169, 310, 311 " Streams of 19 " Surveyed 77, 91 " Timber of 21, 135 Townsend, George 118, 121, 144, 154 Tradition of Indians 23, 24, 25, 31 Treaty to Indians to Ptobert Morris, Sept., 1797 27 Treaty to Ogden Co., Aug. 31st, 1826 30, 51 " " " " Jan. 15th, 1838, 31, 53, 90 " Aug. 7th, 1838, 31, 53, 90 " " " " May 20th, 1842, 32, 54, 55, 93 " U. S. to Indians, Sept., 1794,26,49 Treaty of Breda, July 31st, 1667 40 " Paris, Feb. 10th, 1763 40 " Sept. 23d, 1783 41 Treat, Timothy 78, 79 Trolley Ptoad 313 Tryon County 57 Tiily Limestone 20 Tuscarora Indians 26, 27, 75 Twitchell Austin .149 Two Guns, Daniel . . 102, 122, 123, 124, 125 U. Uncle Sam : 18 Union Cemetery Association 201 " of States 189 " Dissolution of 148, 158, 172, 175, 194 United States 17, 18, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 44, 65, 66, 75 " 100th Anniversary 211, 212 " Army in Civil War 156, 162, 170 " Bank 83 " " Census . . 147, 168, 197, 204, 214, 240, 296, 297 " " Commissioners for. .51, 53, 54, 90, 93 " " Congress. .41, 44, 83, 90 149, 161, 162, 163, 172, 174, 178, 181, 184, 185, 186 " Constitution 18, 41, 148,158 171, 173, 174, 195, 196 United States, Early Period of . . . .18, 65 " " Property taken 159 " Public Debt 155, 165, 170 " " Secretary of War. .93, 159 "Treasurv, 83 " Senate 31, 53, 90, 91, 172, 174, 175, 181, 184, 185 " Supreme Court, 32, 176, 177, 188, 189 " Treasury. ._ 161, 162 " " Treaty with Seneca Indians 26, 49 V. Volunteers from New York 156 " Elma, 152, 156, 166, 167, 168 Voters Registeredlst District in 1900, 289 u u 2d " " " 293 A^'oting Machines 314 W. Wagner, Joseph 205, 221, 234 Waith, Rev. William. . .110, 112, 114, 115, 120, 141, 145, 305 Wales, Town of 26, 68, 77, 78, 95, 96, 122 Walker 107, 108, L. P. of Alabama 188 Wallace, William 198, 199 Wallis, William D 86, 200 " Nellie E 200 Wannemacher, O. J 126, 153, 310 War of Revolution 25, 26, 27, 30, 40, 41, 44, 65 War French & Indian 30 " of 1812 27 " " 1813 27,28 '' " 1814 28 " mth Mexcio 172 " Ci^nl 149, 154, 156, 161, 165, 170, 195, 196 Ward, James H 127, 129, 132, 137, 150, 151 Warner, Jolin P 153 Washington, George 40, 44 Webster, Daniel 174 Weed, Elias 132 Wertman, Noa 61, 132 West Seneca 19, 20, 26, 61, 62, 131 Western N. Y 38, 40, 4"5, 56, 65, 67, 73, 75, 76, 90, 100 W. N. Y. & P. Railroad, 198, 199, 201, 205, 206, 225, 226, 233, 236 Wet Summer 218, 224 Whig Party 136, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 182 White City 230 Whitfield, John W 179, 180, 181 Whitney, Charles, 132 Wilbor, Cj^renus, 110, 121 " Henr^^ D., 120, 121, 144 Wier, Thomas E., 132 Wilder, Julius P., 146 330 Wiley, Robert, 86, 239 Wilhelm, Alex, 248 Wilkes, Mrs., 232, 233 Williams, Gibson T., 110, 111, 114, Isaac, ... .78, 79, 94, 249, 251 Thomas D., 79, 249 William W., 79 " Store burned, 204 Williamsville, 133 Willink, 58,59, 68 Wilson, Dennis L., 128, 132 Willing Fred, 202, 214 Wind Mills, ... 239 Winspear, Horatio, 130 Winspear, WiUiam, ... .61, 121, 135, 251 " Bridge, (See Bridges) Saw Mill, (See Saw Mills) Wolcott, James, 130 Wolf, John, 61, 121 Woodard, Eron, . . 105, 128, 135, 199, 212, 222, 228, 230, 233, 251 " George H., 312 James H., 232, 235, 312 Woodson, Daniel, 180, 183 Wood's Bull Plow, 70, 82 Women Spin and Weave, 71 World 's Fair in Chicago, 230 Woolen Factory, 198, 200, 205 Wright, Henry A., 212, 218, 230, 232 " Rev. Louis A., 229 Y. Young, Jacob, . . .104, 105, 106, 111, 121 Adam, 121 " Philip, 106 Young People 's Association, 228 331 6 190^ /.PK jJj l^ij2