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Published by 
 
 J. O. THOMPSON 
 
 Windom. Minn. 
 
HIRTY-TWO boys from Cotton- 
 wood County who left their homes 
 to fight for their country, for the liber- 
 ty of the World, yielded up their lives in 
 the great war. They died for their 
 country and for us who are living. We 
 love them and cherish their memory. In 
 order that their gallant and heroic deeds, 
 and those of their companions in arms be 
 preserved for all time, this book is pub- 
 lished, and to them it is dedicated. 
 
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiy 
 
 Gift 
 
 »AR 23 1922 
 
Preface 
 
 This book, -Cottonwood County in the World War," is in the nature of a 
 memorial to the 700 )oung- men from Cottonwood County who went into the army 
 durino- the might\- struggle for world freedom, to preserve the prmciples for 
 which the bovs of 1861-1865 fought, and to perpetuate the institutions of this 
 Government. 
 
 Thirtv-two of our boys paid the supreme sacrifice— some on the battle- 
 field and others in the hospitals. Now that peace has been again restored to the 
 world, it seems only fitting and just that the memory of those that died like men, 
 in the uniform of a I'nited States soldier, and the heroism of those who have 
 ygain returned home, should be preserved for future generations. Forty years 
 from now, when the boys who marched in the army and fought for the freedom 
 of the world are old and gray, there will have come on the stage another gen- 
 eration to whom the story of this great struggle will be a matter of history. 
 The people of that day will know of these daring deeds only as they read them 
 or hear some old soldier tell them. To keep this record f'jr future generations 
 is the purpose of this book. 
 
 The publisher has compiled this book with great care, and has earnestly- 
 endeavored to give place in the book to every boy in the service, war workers 
 in ever\- branch of the war work justly entitled to such a place. There are a few 
 unavoidable omissions among the soldier boys; some were impossible to locate, 
 some refused to furnish photos or records ; for these we have no apologies to 
 make. But if there have been left out any names or pictures of those who should 
 have been given credit for their efforts, it is with the most profound sincerity 
 that we apologize. We have endeavored to give the jirincipal features and ac- 
 tivities of the various committees and organizations in the county's w^ar work 
 without going into detail to such an extent as to swell the book to too great a size. 
 While it was necessary to condense as much as possible, yet we have endeavored 
 to present a truthful picture and do ample justice to all good and patriotic people 
 of the county. And we believe that if the magnitude of the work necessary in 
 the compiling of this book were fully appreciated by our critics, that they would 
 forgive us for any sins of omission or commission. 
 
 The publisher extends hearty thanks to all loyal people, to the soldiers, 
 sailors, and marines, and to all who have co-operated in furnishing material for 
 this book. It has been a laborious task, but we have enjoyed it and hope the book 
 will prove acceptable to all. 
 
 J. O. Thompson, Publisher. 
 
Cottonwood County and the World War 
 
 The winter of nineteeii-seventeen was a time of 
 anxiety and gloom. In Europe the war was raging 
 with all its fury. The ruthless masters of Germany 
 had violated the laws of humanity and the laws of 
 human nature, in spite of signed treaties and its 
 pledges and promises to respect these laws. If 
 America had no particular concern of the atrocities 
 committed by the German Armies in Europe, she 
 could not view with indifference the attacks upon 
 her own citizens and the sinking of her unarmed 
 ships and the massacre of her innocent sailors pur- 
 suing their lawful business upon the seas. The 
 blood of every true American surged with indigna- 
 tion as he read of the atrocities committed upon his 
 countrymen, and wondered when they would be able 
 to take a hand in the matter and cast down mili- 
 itarism. 
 
 President Wilson demanded that Germany cease 
 her unlawful attacks upon American shipping, but 
 his righteous demands were met with evasion. 
 Events moved fast, Germany paid no heed to the 
 President's protests, and the United States Govern- 
 ment resolved to arm the American ships and to 
 repel such attacks. This course proved useless, so 
 war was the only alternative. 
 
 On April 6, 1917, Congress passed a resolution de- 
 claring that a state of war existed between the 
 United States Government and the German Empire, 
 and the President issued a proclamation calling the 
 nation to arms. Volunteers were called to recruit 
 the Army and Navy and the people were called 
 upon to support the government in any emergency. 
 Every loyal citizen was expected to do his duty. 
 The government at Washington could not win the 
 war alone. The call to service went out to the 
 remotest parts of the country and the response from 
 all over the land brought with it the assurance of 
 victory. Immediately upon the declaration of war, 
 a call was made for the Army and Navy, the country 
 heretofore always relying on this method of rais- 
 ing troops for the army. A great number of our 
 patriotic men and boys responded to this call and 
 were sent to the various camps and training schools 
 which the government had established. When this 
 call to service came the boys of Cottonwood County 
 responded nobly by enlisting in the Army, Navy and 
 Marine Corps. 
 
 On Saturday evening, April 14. 1917, a patriotic 
 meeting was called in the Garrick theatre. Recruit- 
 ing Officer Robert Murray of the First Minnesota, 
 being responsible for the movement. There was a 
 large attendance and much enthusiasm was dis- 
 played. The band was out and gave several selec- 
 tions and helped wake up our citizens to what 
 was going on and the theatre was well filled. Rev. 
 Holden presided at the meeting and after short 
 talks by Hon. R. H. Jefferson of Bingham Lake and 
 Rev. Holden, Recruiting Officer Murray told what 
 was being done at the present time ; he reviewed 
 the history of the First Minnesota, the historic regi- 
 ment, which was the first one offered the govern- 
 ment at the time of the Civil War, and which was 
 hoped would be the first one in the present unpleas- 
 antness. 
 
 The results of the work of the recruiting officer 
 was seen in the fact that a number of the young 
 men of Windom enlisted in the First Minnesota in 
 response to their country's call. They left the af- 
 ternoon of April 16, 1017, for Minneapolis. Minne- 
 sota, to take the examinations. Nearly everybody 
 in the city of Windom and a great many from the 
 country were at the depot to bid the enlisted men 
 Godspeed on their way. All the business houses 
 closed to allow the employees to go to the depot and 
 a parade was formed at the school house led by 
 the band and second marched the enlisted men, 
 followed by the high school pupils. It was a scene 
 that will never be forgotten by those who were 
 present and stirred the enthusiasm of the people 
 to a greater determination to do everything in their 
 power to free the world of the menace that threat- 
 ened the very foundation of Democracy. 
 
 In raising such an army as was seen needful the 
 country found the volunteer system inadequate and 
 upon the advice of the President, Congress passed 
 the Selective Conscription Act, which called for 
 the registration of all male persons between the 
 ages of twenty-one and thirty inclusive, and em- 
 powered the War Department to classify these reg- 
 istrants according to age and circumstances. And 
 to call to the colors such as it might choose. 
 
 The first registration was held on the ."ith day of 
 June, 1917, and 1,350 boys registered. These were 
 
 THE FIRST \ULLNTEERS FROM COTTONWOOD COUNTY. 
 Leaving for Minneapolis, Minn., April 16, 1917. They are as follows: 
 
 Top row, reading from left to right : Max Langley, Delbert Kibbey, Oscar Nelson, Vernon Croft, Roy 
 Bowden, John Kreitz 
 
 Bottom row: Walter Nelson, Floyd Marshall, Wesley Foss, John Sanger, Clark Beise, Delbert Yerkes. 
 
"Off fnr tlie 1-ront." The rirst group of volunteers from Cottonwood CoinUy on 
 
 train April 10, 1917. 
 
 their way to the 
 
 numbered from 1 to 1,350. The drawing took place at 
 Washington, D. C, and the boys were called on to 
 report to the draft board in rotation as their num- 
 bers were drawn at Washington. To Roger Morlan 
 of Windom was the honor of being the first to be 
 drawn, his number being 2.58. The County was 
 
 called upon to furnish 91 men in the first quota, and 
 on Sept. 21, 1H17, the first quota of draftees left for 
 Camp Dodge, la. Other registrations of men for 
 military service took place during the summer of 
 1918, the report of which you will find in the Draft 
 Board's report elsewhere in this book. 
 
 Rural School Graduation Poem 
 
 Deli 
 
 veered by Reuben Gustafson at the graduation exercises of the rural schools uf 
 Cottonwood County, 1918. 
 
 The other night my father took 
 
 His handy fountain pen. 
 He would not speak, he would not joke. 
 
 He was so thoughtful then. 
 
 He said. "Oh children, go to bed. 
 
 While I few words prepare. 
 I cannot help that I feel sad. 
 
 My thoughts are 'Over There.' " 
 
 So many of our boys have left. 
 That used to shake our hand. 
 
 They're offering now their life for us, 
 oil the blood-soaked fields of France. 
 
 They left their home, they left their all, 
 
 W'ith "pep" to win or die ; 
 Their music is the cannon's roar, 
 
 Beneath the Flanders sky. 
 
 Oh ! I can almost see our boys, 
 
 A million in a line. 
 They'll surely make the Kaiser git, 
 
 And cross the river Rhine. 
 
 Another million soon will start 
 
 Across the rolling sea. 
 To answer to their comrade's call, 
 
 Who fights for you and me. 
 
 They'll put their shoulders to the wheel. 
 
 And help to fill the gun 
 That sends the deadly piercing steel. 
 
 That routs the awful Hun. 
 
 Hurrah! Hurrah! for Pershing's boys, 
 
 The gallant, brave and true, 
 I know they'll fight with all their might 
 
 For the Red, the White, the Blue. 
 
 I know they'll fight with all their might 
 
 For mother, sweethearts true. 
 But nothing there will they compare 
 
 With the Red. the White, and Blue. 
 
 They love their homes in the U. S. A. 
 
 Where the star-decked banner flies. 
 That's why they'll fight with all their might. 
 
 With "pep" to win or die. 
 
 Fve heard them talk, Fve seen them walk. 
 
 The U. S. troops in line. 
 And say, my friend, the boys we send 
 
 Are surely looking fine. 
 
 Too fine to die. may God on high. 
 
 Bring the struggle to an end. 
 If I should pray, this is what I'd say: 
 
 Oh! Lord, thy peace pact send. 
 
 Copyright 191S, by .John F. Gustafson, 
 Windom. Minn. 
 
Gold Stars 
 
 Upon the service flag of Cottonwood County 
 thirty-two blue stars have turned to gold. Thirty- 
 two of the boys from this County who entered 
 the service of their country, gave all they had. 
 Thirteen of these boys died of disease in the train- 
 ing camps here at home. Nineteen boys died on the 
 battlelield facing the foe, or from wounds received 
 in action, or in prison camps. In either case they 
 made the supreme sacrifice for freedom and liuman- 
 ity. Those who died in this country sleep in the 
 quiet cemeteries here at home, laid to rest by loving 
 hands, while those who died overseas sleep in alien 
 soil with the wide Atlantic between them and home. 
 
 But though they sleep in alien soil they are not for- 
 gotten, nor will they be through all the coming 
 years. A monument will be erected to commem- 
 orate the noble acts and deeds, not only of those 
 who made the supreme sacrifice, but of all who en- 
 tered the service and did their part "to make the 
 world safe for humanity." in order to preserve for 
 future generations the memory of our County's He- 
 roes, and annually on the 30tb day of May a patri- 
 otic people will scatter flowers upon the graves of 
 the dead, and will feel as in the words of Lincoln, 
 ".\ solemn pride in having laid so costly a sacrifice 
 on the altar of Freedom." 
 
 IX FLANDERS FIELD. 
 In Flanders field the poppies blow 
 Between the crosses row on row. 
 That mark our places ; and in the sky 
 The larks still bravely singing, fly, 
 Scarce heard amidst the guns below. 
 We are the dead. 
 
 Short days ago we lived, felt dawn, 
 Saw sunset glow, loved and were loved : 
 And now we lie in Flanders fields. 
 Take up our quarrel with the foe. 
 To you from falling hands we throw the torch — 
 Be yours to hold it high ; 
 If you break faith with us, who die. 
 We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
 In Flanders fields. 
 
 By Lieut. John McCrac. 
 
 VICTOR LAWRENCE ALDRICH. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Aldrich of Windom. Minn. En- 
 tered the service at Windom, Minn., Feb. 10, 1918, and was sent 
 to Cornell LTniversity, Ithaca, N. Y., in the Aerial Photographic 
 branch of the service. After a ten weeks' course at Cornell 
 he was sent to Parkfield, Memphis. Tenn., and after several 
 months' training here was transferred to Garden City, Long 
 Island, and on Oct. 6, 1918, he sailed with the 19th Aerial 
 Photo Section for France by way of Liverpool, England. On 
 his arrival at Liverpool he was taken sick with pneumonia and 
 died Oct. 2:!, 1918, and was buried with military honors at 
 Liverpool, Eng. Previous to his entry into the service he had 
 taken up the photographic profession and was a graduate of the 
 Tennessee College of Photography. Private Aldrich was born 
 April 20, 1894. 
 
 GEORGE ANTON. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Anton, was born Dec. 7, 1890. 
 He entered the service at Windom, Minn., May 27, 1918, and 
 was sent to Camp Lewis, Wash. After about two months' 
 training here he sailed from Hoboken with his division for 
 France on July .5, 1918. He was a member of Co. E, 362d Inf. 
 His parents received a letter from him dated Sept. 14, 1918, 
 stating" thxt he was on the firing line. The next letter was 
 dated Oct. 21, 1918, from Trier, Germany, stating that he was 
 a prisoner of war in a German Hospital, that he bad been gassed 
 and he had a broken leg, but that he was receiving good treat- 
 ment and would get along all right. On Feb. 22, 1919, his 
 parents received a telegram that he had died on Oct. 23, 1918. 
 at Rest Hospital, at Trier, Germany, and that he was buried 
 in the town cemetery at Trier, Germany. Private Anton was 
 the only Cottonwood boy to be taken as prisoner that we Iiave 
 any record of. He was born Dec. 7, 1890. 
 
RICHARD STAXLY BRUBACHER. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Brubacher, Windom, Almn. Entered 
 the service Jan. 29. IDls, at Windom. and was sent to Langley 
 Field, Va., in the Photographic section of the Signal Corps. 
 In August, 1918. he was made Corporal, and the following 
 month was made a Sergeant. Sergeant Brubacher was an ex- 
 pert photographer. He was a graduate of the Tennessee Col- 
 lege of Photography, and was employed in the Thompson Studio 
 about four years previous to going into the service. He was 
 made an instructor in the photographic section at Langley Field, 
 and was also cartoonist for the "Propellor," a camp paper. He 
 was taken sick with influenza and pneumonia and died Oct. 
 12, 1018, at Langley Field. The body was shipped to Win- 
 dom, Minn., where "the funeral was held on the court house 
 grounds, after which the body was escorted to Lake View- 
 cemetery by the Home Guards, and buried with military honors. 
 Serg. Brubacher was born Oct. 10, 1895. 
 
 ^LARTIX BORSETH. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peder Borseth of Wmdom. Minn., enlisted 
 in the V. S. Marines Dec. 3, 1916, in Co. H, 6th Reg. Marines, 
 and was trained on the U. S. S. Rhode Island. On May 23, 
 1918, Corporal Borseth sailed for France. It was at this time 
 that the Germans were making their terrific drive towards 
 Paris, hoping to crush France before the Americans could get 
 there. It was at the battle of Chateau-Thierry when the LT. S. 
 Marines (and Corp. Borseth was one of them) and the Dough- 
 boys went into the lines and stopped the Germany array, and 
 started them back to dear Berlin. It was in this drive that Cor- 
 poral Borseth was killed in action on July 19, 1918. He was 
 the first bov from Cottonwood County to sacrifice his life on 
 the battlefield in the Great World War. Corporal Borseth was 
 born April 14, 1894. 
 
 AUGUST BURMEISTER. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Burmeister of Jefifers, Mmn. He 
 entered the service April 29, 1918, at Windom, and was sent 
 to Camp Dodge, Iowa. He was soon sent to Camp Travis, 
 Te.xas, in the 345th Field Artillery. After sotite extensive 
 training here he was sent with his company to France by way 
 of England. Shortly after landing in France he was taken 
 sick with influenza and pneumonia and died Sept. 6, 1918. He 
 was buried with military honors in the American cemetery at 
 Le Conrneau {camp of) Gironde. Private Burmeister leaves 
 a wife to mourn his death. 
 
FLOYD W. CRAWFORD. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. G. Crawford of McCredie, Mo. He 
 entered the service April 29, 1918. at Windom, Minn., and was 
 sent to Camp Dodge, la., with twenty other boys from Cot- 
 tonwood County. After training there for some time he was 
 sent to Camp Travis, Texas, where he joined a heavy Machine 
 Gun Co. and in June sailed with his company to France. He 
 saw hard service in the St. Mihiel and Argonne drives. He 
 was then taken sick with pneumonia and died in Paris Oct. 27, 
 1918. He was buried with military honors in the American 
 cemetery at Paris. 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM GEGNER. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Lorenz Gegner of Comfrey, ^linn. He 
 entered service at Windom, Minn., June 3.'), 1918, and was 
 sent to Camp Grant, 111., where he was assigned to Co. F, 
 344th Inf., 86th Division. After receiving training there for 
 about ten weeks he sailed for France Sept. 9, 1918, by way of 
 England. On Oct. 4, 1918, he was transferred to Co. C, 148th 
 Inf., 37th Division. It is not known just when he went to the 
 front, but he did participate in the battle of Toul, for on Oct. 
 28, 1918, he was killed in action. One report was that he had 
 died of pneumonia but his parents received a letter from 
 France stating that he was killed in the battle of Toul. But 
 whichever case it might be, he died in the cause of liberty and 
 is enrolled as one of Cottonwood County's heroes. 
 
 OTTO GRAMS. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Grams, entered the service at Win- 
 dom, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, and was sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 in Co. B, 351st Inf., 88th Div. He remained here until Nov. 
 26, 1917, when he was transferred to Camp Pike, where he re- 
 mained until the time of his death which occurred on Jan. 2, 
 1918. from influenza-pneumonia. Private Grams was born Aug. 
 26, 1886. 
 
MARCUS J. HANSON. 
 
 Entered the service May 17, 1918, at Windom, Minn., and was 
 sent to Camp Dodge, la., where he was assigned to Co. B, 603d 
 Engineers. After receiving his training there he was sent 
 with his company to France. We do not know how long he 
 was at the front, hut on Nov. 9, 1918, he was sHghtly wounded 
 at the hattle of the Meuse River, and was being taken back to 
 the hospital in an ambulance, when a high explosive shell 
 struck the ambulance killing nine men and wounding two 
 others. Private Hanson was ainong the killed. Private Han- 
 son was born in Denmark June 24, 1890, and was the son of 
 Hans K. Hanson of Denmark. 
 
 «KK 
 
 EDWARD HOCKE. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Hocke of Windom, Mum. Entered 
 the service on Sept. 10, 1918, at Windom and was sent to Ft. 
 Snelling, Minn., where he received training, and was then 
 transferred to St. James, Minn., as military clerk to the Draft 
 Board at that place. Private Hocke was in the service only 
 about six weeks when he was taken sick with pneumonia and 
 died on Oct. 31, 1918. The body was brought to Windom and 
 was escorted from the depot to the court house by the Home 
 Guards, where the funeral service was held. The Guards es- 
 corted the body to the cemetery where they fired the final salute 
 given all those who die in the service. While Private Hocke 
 did not die on the field of battle, he did die in the service of 
 his country. He leaves a wife, baby, and his parents and 
 brother to mourn his death. 
 
 ANDREW O. HALL. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Hans O. Hall, entered the service at Win- 
 dom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Grant in Co. F, 342d Inf. 
 After receiving training there he was sent with his Division to 
 France where he was transferred to Co. A, 55th Inf. Private 
 Hall saw considerable service on the western front and on Nov. 
 3, 1918, as his company was moving up to the front line trenches 
 to relieve the 34th Infantry, the Germans opened a barrage on 
 them and several of the company were killed and wounded, and 
 Private Hall was amongst them, being severely wounded in the 
 left shoulder and back. He was moved back to First Aid sta- 
 tion and from there to Base hospital No. 12, Toul, France, 
 where he died on Nov. 6, 1918. He was buried with military 
 honors at Toul, France. 
 
THOMAS ELAM HALLEYBURTON. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John E. Halleyburton of near Murfrees- 
 boro, Tenn., was born Jan. 1, 1893. Entered the service at 
 Windom, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, and was sent to Camp Gordon 
 in Co. E, 327th Inf., where he received military training, and 
 in May, 1918, he sailed with his division from N. Y. for France 
 via Liverpool, Eng. Sergeant Halleyburton saw considerable 
 service at the front. On Sept. 13, 1918, he was gassed in the 
 battle of Bel-Aire-Farm, France. After his recovery he re- 
 turned to his company and on Oct. 17, 1918, he was killed in 
 action in the battle of Somerance, France, and was buried there 
 with military honors. Sergeant Halleyburton participated in the 
 following offensives: St. Slihiel, .\rgonne, Bel-Aire-Farm and 
 Somerrance. 
 
 ALFRED B. HANSON. 
 
 On the Honor Roll of Cotttonwood County is the name Alfred 
 B. Hanson as one of Cottonwood County's heroes. He was tlie 
 son of Mr. and Mrs. James Hanson of Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 He entered the service Sept. 21, 1917, at Windom, Minn., and 
 was sent to Camp Dodge, la., where he was in training for 
 several months. He was then transferred to Camp Pike, Ark., 
 into Co. B, oKith Inf., 87th Division. He was again transferred 
 on June 10, 1918, to Co. I, 163d Inf., sailing for France tlie 
 same month. Here he was transferred to Co. G., 47th Inf. 
 We were unable to ascertain what battle he was in but on Oct. 
 2."), 191s, lie was killed in action. 
 
 HENRY HALVORSON. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Halvorson of Lamberton, Mmn. 
 Upon entering the service he was sent to Spartanburg, S. C, 
 where he received his military training. He was then trans- 
 ferred to Newport News, Va., and on August 30, 1918, he sailed 
 for France. Here he received further training, but it is not 
 known whether he was at the front or not. On Oct. 28, 1918. 
 he died at the U. S. Army Base Hospital of cerebro-spmal 
 meningitis. Private Halvorson was confirmed in the High- 
 w;iter Lutheran church Oct. 1.5, 1918. He leaves to mourn 
 him his father, mother, six sisters and four brothers. 
 
HERMAX C. JEXSON. 
 
 Of Laniberton, Minn., was the son of Jens M. Rognalsvaag. 
 He entered the service from Cottonwood County in March, 
 1918, and was assigned to Co. K. .'io-lth Inf., Slith Division. 
 After a few months' trainin.a; he sailed for France in June of 
 the same year. After arriving in France fie received further 
 training and was sent to the front in the Alsace Lorraine sec- 
 tor where he was killed in action on Sept. IS. IfllS. 
 
 NORRIS KASSA. 
 
 Son of John and Anna Kassa, of Ann Township, was born 
 Dec. 29, 189.'i, and entered the service at Windom, Minn., on 
 Sept. 19, 1U18, and was sent to the Dunwoody Training School 
 at Minneapolis, Minn. On Oct. 7, 1918, just 17 days after he 
 entered tlie service, he died from influenza-pneumonia. His body 
 was sliipped to Revere for burial. 
 
 HIO LINGBECK. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jans Lingbeck of Jeffers, Minn., entered 
 the service Oct. 23, 1918, at Windom, i\linn., and was sent to 
 Camp Forrest, Ga., in the 13th Prov. Ret. Co. Engrs. A few 
 days after his arrival at Camp Forrest he was taken sick with 
 influenza and pneumonia and died Nov. 7, 1918, just fifteen 
 days after his entry into the service. His body was shipped 
 to Jeffers for burial. 
 
CLAUDIUS ANDREW LALONE. 
 
 Was the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Lalone, and was born 
 Sept. 2S, 1898, in Highwater Township. He voUinteered as 
 soon as war was declared in the Navy after receiving his moth- 
 er's consent, as he was only 17 years of age. His mother was liv- 
 ing in N. D. at the time and he enlisted there. He has the dis- 
 tinction of being the first volunteer for the Navy and also the 
 first sailor to give his life from N. D. He received training 
 at the Great Lakes training station in the Radio Service, and 
 was transferred to the interned German liner, "Frederick der 
 Grosse," in the Brooklyn Navy Yards. In some mysterious way, 
 this boat was set on fire and it was while he was fighting the 
 flames on this boat that he was both burned and exposed to 
 the weather, so that he took sick and died of diphtheria on 
 June 13, 1917. His body, attended by a detail of sailors, was 
 shipped to Cottonwood Co., and buried in the Westbrook cem- 
 etery in Ann Township. 
 
 EDWARD M. LUDVIGSON. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Christ Ludvigson of Westbrook, Minn., 
 born Nov. 22, 1886. He entered service on Sept. 21, 1017, at 
 Windom, Minn. He was sent to Camp Dodge, la., where he was 
 assigned to Co. D, .3.51st Inf., 88th Division. Was transferred 
 on Nov. 1, 1917, to Q. M. C. A. R. D. 326 at Camp Cody, New 
 Mexico, where he was in training for over a year when he 
 was taken sick with intestinal obstructions and peritonitis and 
 died Nov. 28, 1918. The body was shipped to Westbrook, 
 Minn., for burial. 
 
 PETER J. LaMAACK. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Kate LaMaack of Dundee, Minn. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 1917, froin Cottonwood County and was sent 
 to Camp Dodge, la., in Co. H, 346th Inf. Was transferred 
 Nov. 24, 1917, to Camp Pike, and in June, 1918, was sent to 
 Camp Merritt. From there he was sent with his Division to 
 France by way of Halifax and Liverpool, arriving in France 
 the latter part of July and went in the front line trenches on 
 the third day of August, 1918. He saw active service from 
 this time on until Sept. 24, 1918, on which day he was killed in 
 action. He was buried with military honors in the French 
 cemeterv at Glorievux-Verdun, Meusen, France. 
 
LEWIS EDMUND NELSON. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Anton Nelson of Windoni, Minn. En- 
 tered the service at Windom, Minn., Sept. 4, IfllS. and was sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111. After a few days there he was trans- 
 ferred to Camp Hancock, Ga. On his arrival there he was 
 taken sick with influenza pneumonia and died Oct. ,5, 1918. 
 His body was shipped to Windom and the funeral was held on 
 the court house grounds, and after the service the body was 
 escorted to Lake View cemetery by the Home Guard's and 
 buried with military honors. Private Nelson was born Oct. 
 12, 1896, and died just 30 days after he entered the service. 
 
 ADOLPH M. NIELSEN. 
 
 Son of Anders Knudsen, of Randers, Denmark, was born Jan. 6, 1891. He was in- 
 ducted into the service from Cottonwood County, on Feb. 17, 1918, in Co. D, M. G. Bn. 
 in the 83nd Div. He sailed from the United States for France in May, 1918, and little 
 is known of him after going to France, except that he spent about ninety days on the 
 front, and was then taken sick with influenza-pneumonia and died Nov. 17, 1918. We 
 were unable to obtain a photo of Private Neilsen. 
 
 ANDREW NELSON. 
 
 Entered the service June 24, 1918 and was sent to Camp Grant, 
 111., where he was assigned to Co. C, 161st Depot Brigade. 
 After about six months' training he was taken sick with in- 
 fluenza and pneumonia and died Dec. 7, 1918. His body was 
 shipped to Windom and was buried in the Lakeview cemetery. 
 Private Nelson was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Hans Nelson and 
 was born Sept. 19, 1894. 
 
ALBERT ODEGAARD. 
 
 Entered the service at Windom, Minn., May 27, 1918, and was 
 sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., where he received training for 
 about four weeks and then went to France with his Division. 
 On his arrival in France he was transferred to Co. A, 363d 
 Inf., 91st Div. If was not long until his Division was sent to 
 the front and on the 2C)th day of September his Division was 
 ordered to take the town of Gesnes at all costs. On September 
 29th his company numbered 189 men just before they went 
 over the top at 3:40 P. M. From that time until dark they had 
 lost over .50% of their men, but Gesnes was taken. Private 
 Odegaard was among those killed. He was killed by a bomb 
 dropped from a German aeroplane. He was buried in a field 
 two kilometers southwest of Hill 288, and slightly north of 
 Gesnes. 
 
 ERWIN R. POWELL. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Powell, was born July 12, 1890. 
 He entered the service in the early part of 1918 and was sent 
 to camp for training at Rapid City, South Dakota. We have 
 been unable to obtain his company number or division. In 
 October he was taken sick with influenza and peritonitis and 
 died October 15, 1918. The body was shipped to Windom and 
 burial was made in Lakeview cemetery. 
 
 LELAND DYER REDDING. 
 
 Son of Reverdy and Hattie Dyer Redding, was born July 11, 
 1899. He enlisted in the U. S. Reg. Army, in Co. F, 18th 
 Inf., on April 27, 1917. Leland was only eighteen years old 
 when he enlisted ; he could not resist the call to the colors, and 
 he with his three cousins, Mervin D. Weld of Windom, and 
 Kenneth and Leslie Weld of Slayton, Minn., enlisted in the 
 service together. Leland remained in school just long enough 
 to take part in the High School play, leaving on the night train 
 for St. Louis where he joined the other three boys. From there 
 they were sent to F't. Douglas, New Mexico. .A few days 
 after arriving at Ft. Douglas Private Redding was taken sick 
 with pneumonia and died May 20, 1917. His body was shipped 
 to Windom, Minn., accompanied by his cousin, Leslie Weld. 
 The funeral services were held in the M. E. church May 37, 
 1917, just thirty days from the time he left Windom. Private 
 Redding was the first Cottonwood County boy to die in the 
 service in the great World War. 
 
HERBERT R. REESE. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Julia Reese of Amo Township, was born Feb. 23, 
 1893. He entered the service at Windom, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, 
 and was sent to Camp Dodge, la., in Co. D, 351st Inf., 8Sth 
 Div. On Nov. 24, 1917, he was transferred to Camp Pike, m 
 Co, D, 346th Inf,, 87th Div., wliere he remained until about the 
 first of June, 1918, when he went with his Division to the port 
 of embarkation and sailed for France on June 11, 1918. After 
 his arrival in France he was transferred to Co. I, 59th Inf., 
 4th Division. He saw considerable service and on Oct. 5, 1918, 
 he was killed in action. We have been unable to get any further 
 information. 
 
 FRANK D. TEED. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wni. Teed of Windom, Minn. Enlisted 
 in the service at Ft. Snelling in June, 1916, in the First Minn., 
 and went with the First Minn, for service on the Mexican 
 Border during the trouble with Mexico in 1916. After this 
 was over he was home on furlough and when war was de- 
 clared he went with the First Minn, to Camp Cody, New Mex- 
 ico, where he remained until the time of his death, which oc- 
 curred on Feb. 4, 1918, of pneumonia. His body was shipped 
 to Windom and the funeral was held in the M. E. church, the 
 Home Guards escorting the body to the Lake View cemetery 
 where the body was buried with military honors. Corporal 
 Teed was born in 1890. 
 
 CHARLES R. THOMAS. 
 
 Private Thomas entered the service from Cottonwood County on 
 June 24, 1918, and was sent to Camp Grant, 111., in Co. K, 342d 
 Inf. After several months' training he was sent with his Divi- 
 sion to France. After arriving in France he was transferred to 
 Co. K, 55th Inf., and was soon sent to the front where he saw 
 some real service for about two months until Nov. 5, 1918, when 
 he was instantly killed in action, while in the support lines near 
 the town of Th'iau-Court, France. Capt. Hill in writing his folks 
 said that he was killed by shrapnel. Capt. Hill said that he 
 was well liked by the boys of his Company and was always 
 ready to do his part. Private Thomas was buried with military 
 honors in grave No. 11, Commune of Vieville-en-Haye Depart- 
 ment of Meurthe-et-Moselle. His name goes on the honor 
 roll of this company as one of its heroes. 
 
BEHREND VALENTINE. 
 
 Was the son of L. Valentine of Comfrey, Minn. Private Val- 
 entine entered the service June 2.5, 1918, at Windom, and was 
 sent to Camp Grant, 111. He was assigned to Co. E, 342d In- 
 fantry, 86th Division. After training here for some time he 
 was transferred to Camp Upton, N. Y., sailing for France 
 Sept. 9, 1918, by way of England. We were unable to get 
 any information after this except that he was killed in action 
 on Nov. 4, 1918, and this was no doubt on the Meuse-Argonne 
 front. 
 
 .Mm^ 
 
 JENS CHRISTENSEN. 
 
 We have been unable to get l)Ut little information regard- 
 ing Mr. Christensen. He left for Camp early in the spring 
 of 1918, and after receiving training was sent to F'rance some 
 time in the latter part of the sunnner of 1918. He saw con- 
 siderable service on the western front and was killed in action 
 in the Argonne offensive shortly before the close of the war. 
 
 WILHELM UNRAU. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Heinrich Unrau of Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 Entered the service at Windom, Minn., July 28, 1918, and was 
 sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, where he remained in training 
 until the time of his death, Oct. 13, 1918, which resulted from 
 influenza and pneumonia. Private LInrau was born on April 
 28, 1889. 
 
 CORNELIUS B. WIENS. 
 Born May 13, 1893, in Cbristianna Township, Jackson Co., Minn., entered the service at 
 Windom, Minn., June 25, 1918, and was sent to Camp Grant, 111., with the Cottonwood 
 County contingent. He was registered in Washington, and was transferred to Cotton- 
 wood County. He was placed in Co. L, 341st Inf., and sailed the latter part of September 
 for France. Shortly after his arrival in France he was taken sick with pneumonia and 
 died Oct. 12, 1918. He was buried with military honors in the Militarv Cemetery at 
 Libourne, France, in grave No. 4:>. 
 
MAJOR NELS GUSTAV SANDELIN. 
 
 Nels Gustav Sandelin was born in Sweden on 
 the first day of December, 1887. He came to this 
 country with his parents when he was quite young. 
 His parents settled on a farm in Kitson County. 
 His father died when he was quite young and his 
 widowed mother had a hard struggle to feed and 
 clothe her little family. 
 
 Nels worked with the rest of the family and did 
 his bit. Owing to the financial condition young Nels 
 received very little schooling, probably not attend- 
 ing school more than seven months in all. When 
 he was only fourteen years old he left home to 
 make his own way. He worked at almost every- 
 thing and traveled over a good portion of the 
 United States. He saw much and remembered what 
 he saw. He was a wonderful reader especially on 
 science, history and biography. It is safe to say 
 that he has read more books than many college 
 graduates. Being possessed of a very retentive 
 memory he is a man of much knowledge and con- 
 siderable culture, having a very keen intellect and 
 an inquiring mind. 
 
 When he was seventeen he enlisted in the Regular 
 Army and served three years when he was given an 
 honorable discharge. After leaving the army young 
 Sandelin worked in the Iowa coal mines. Later he 
 went into the tiling business and finally took up 
 tile contracting at Bingham Lake m this county. 
 He was so engaged when the L'nited States entered 
 the World War. Sandelin immediately offered his 
 services to the Government. He entered the first 
 Officers' Training Camp at Fort Snelling in May, 
 1917, and came out a First Lieutenant of Field Ar- 
 tillery August 15, 1917, and received orders for 
 active service with orders to report at port of em- 
 barkation. Hoboken, N. J., for overseas service. 
 
 Sailing from Hoboken N. J., Sept. 7, 1917,^ for 
 Le Havre, France, via Liverpool, England, arriving 
 at an' artillery school in France. He was ordered 
 on immediate duty with the 6th Field Artillery, First 
 Division in training area at Le Valclahon Doubs, 
 France. On Sept. 30, 1917, he was assigned to Bat- 
 tery B, 6th F. A., and moved to the front in the 
 Tunneville Sector of the Vosges front where the 
 first American Artillery Emplacement was built in 
 France. It was constructed under the direction of 
 Major Sandelin. 
 
 Major Sandelin was appointed Regimental Supply 
 Officer, 6th Field Artillery, Dec. 17, 1917, promoted 
 to Captain F. A. June, 1918, detailed as Assistant to 
 Division Quartermaster Aug. 1, 1918, transferred to 
 Quartermaster Corps Sept. 2, 1918, and appointed 
 Division Quartermaster Oct. 28, 1918, serving as 
 such through the last phase of the Argonne battle 
 and march to the Rhine. He was relieved Dec. 22, 
 1918. 
 
 Major Sandelin participated in the following ma- 
 jor operations: Montdidier-Noyon Lorraine Defen- 
 sive, the Marne (battle of Soissons), St. Mihiel, and 
 the Argonne offensives. He entered Germany from 
 Luxemburg Dec. 1, 1918, and crossed the Rhine 
 Dec. 14, 1918, serving in Germany until Aug. 19, 
 1919, sailing from Brest .A.ug. 25, 1919, and arriving 
 at New York Sept. 2, 1919. 
 
 The Major received citation for meritorious ser- 
 vices overseas. His entire period of service was 
 with the First Division. He was promoted to Ma- 
 jor Quartermaster Corps March 3, 1919, and at the 
 time of this publication is still in the service. He 
 has reached the highest rank of any man who was 
 in the service of this county. 
 
p^ 
 
 r (f 1) r^ o 1^ ;i^ 13 j. x. 
 
TOHN A. ARNTSON, (i)— Mechanic. Born Dec. 2.3, 1886. 
 
 ' Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob A. Arntson, Mosjoen, Norway. 
 Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917. in Co. D, 351st Inf.. 
 88th Div.. Camp Dodge, la. Sailed from Camp Mills for 
 France. He was promoted to the rank of mechanic Oct. 
 5, 1917. He participated in the battles of Canter Haute 
 Alsace and was in reserve during the Argonne battle. 
 He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 6, 1919. 
 
 JOHN C. ALBRIGHT, (10)— Corporal, Jeffers. Born Aug. 
 4. 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Albright. Entered 
 the service Sept. 21, 19T7, in the SSth Div., at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred Jvuie 8, 1918, to the 87tli Div., 
 at Camp Pike, Ark., and then to Camp Di.x, N. J., to 
 the 312th M. P. Dec. 17, 1918. Sailed from Brooklyn for 
 France Aug. 24, 1918. He was promoted to the rank ot 
 Corporal Dec. 24, 1918. Sailed from France, Aug. 24, 
 1918. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., July 2, 1919. 
 
 ANDREW AARSAND, (2)— Corporal, of Storden, Minn. 
 Born in Norway Feb. 11, 1896, son of Mr. and Mrs. K. A. 
 Aarsand. Entered the service on Sept. 21. 19 17, in Co. 
 C, 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, la. Was transferred 
 Oct. I, 1917, to Co. C, 346th Inf., 87th Div., Camp Pike, 
 Ark., and then to Co. G, 4th Am. Tr., 4th Div., Camp 
 Green, N. C, on Apr. 14, 1918. Sailed from N. \. for 
 France, iVIay 22, 1918. Participated in the battles of 
 the Vesle Sector, Aisne, Marne, St. Mihiel, and the Ar- 
 gonne Forest. Was promoted to the rank of Corporal, 
 July 16, 1918, He was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 Aug. 8, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM L. ANDERSON, (3)— Cook, ot Windom, Minn. 
 Born June 14, 1893, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Ander- 
 son. Entered the service June 25, 1918, in Co. E, 344'" 
 Inf., 86th Div., Camp Grant, III. Transferred to M. G. 
 Co., J4Sth Inf., 37th Div. on Oct. 7, 1918. Sailed from 
 N. Y. for France, Sept. :o, 1918. He participated in the 
 battles of Flanders and the crossing of the Escaut River, 
 Oct. 31, 1918. Sailed from France March 23, 1919. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., April 11, 1919. 
 
 CL.\REN'CE AMUNDSON, {4) — Private, of Lamberton, 
 Minn. Born June 30, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole 
 Amundson. Entered the service Sept. 21. 19:7, in Co. D, 
 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge. la. Transferred to 
 Co. B, 346th Inf.. 86th Div., Camp Pike, Ark. On Nov. 
 22, 1917, and Tune 12, 191S, went with the June replace- 
 ment to Camp'Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken for France 
 June 19, 1918. Was in the battles of Chateau Thierry and 
 the Argonne Forest. He was gassed in the Argonne Drive 
 on Oct. 19, 1918. Sailled from France, March 25, 1919. 
 He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., April 21, 19 19. 
 
 <.-L.\RENCE ALFRED ALBERTSON, (5)— Private, of 
 Westbrook. Born Nov. 25, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Halvor Albertson. Entered the service June 25, 1918, in 
 the i6ist Depot Brigade at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 to Co. F, 341st Inf., S6th Div., Camp Grant, 111. Sailed 
 from N. Y. for France Sept. o, 1918. He was then 
 transferred to Co. I, 353d Inf., 89th Div. He took part 
 in the Meuse-Argonne Drive. And was wounded there on 
 Nov. 3, 1918. Sailed from France May 15, 1919. And 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., on May 31, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR F. ANTON, (11)— Corporal, of Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. F. T. Anton. Entered the service Apr. 6, 
 1917, in Co. G, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Transferred to Hq. Co. in December, 1918. Then 
 to Co. H of the 83d Division and then to Co. G of the 
 40th Div. Sailed from N. Y. for France, Nov. 2, 1918, 
 and left there .\pr. 2, 1919. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Apr. 29. 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE H. AKERLAND, (12)— Chauffeur, of Storden. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Akerland. Entered the ser- 
 vice Feb. 12, 1918, in Co. A. F. Signal Bn. at Ft. Leav- 
 enworth, Kansas. He sailed from N. Y. for France, Sept. 
 29, 1918, and left there May 20, 1919. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., June 20, 1919. 
 
 STANLEY HOLTE ANONSEN, (13)— Private First Class 
 and Acting Sergeant, of Windom. Born July 25, 1897. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. .Anonsen. Entered the ser- 
 vice Oct 23, 1918, in Co. 13, 2d Ret. Bat. Eng. at Camp 
 Forrest, Ga. Transferre<l to Co. A, 124th Eng., Nov. 18, 
 191S. Was promoted to the rank of First Class Private 
 Dec. I, 1918. He was engaged in assisting the Personnel 
 Adjutant as a clerk. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Jan. 11, 1919. 
 
 REUBEN G. ANONSE.N', (14)— Private, of Windom. Born 
 Dec. 20, 1S96. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Axel Anonsen. En- 
 tered the service on Aug. 15, 1918 at the LTniversity of 
 Minnesota. Transferred Aug. 30, 19 18 to Field Artillery 
 Central Officers' School at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. 
 Was discharged at Camp Zachary Taylor, Nov. 30, 191S. 
 
 OSCAR ABRAH.VMSOX. (15 1— Corporal, of Windom. Born 
 Apr. 15, 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. P. Abrahamson, of 
 Copenhagen, Denmark. Entered the service Sept. 22, 
 1917, in Co. C, 351st Inf.. 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. 
 He sailed from N. Y. for France and was in the battle of 
 Center Haute, Alsace. Was promoted to the rank of 
 Corporal, Nov. 2j, 1917. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa., June 6, 19T9. 
 
 BERT L. ANDERSON, (6)— Private, of Windom. Born 
 Mar. 25, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. Anderson. En- 
 tered the service May 2, 1918, in Co. F, S3d U. S. Inf., 
 6th Div. Camp Wadsworth. Sailed from N. Y. for France 
 where he took part in the battles of the Vosges Sec. and 
 the Meuse-Argonne drive. Left France June s, 19:9, 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., on June 21, 1919. 
 
 DENNIE AUNE, (16I — Sergeant, of Windom. Born Sept. 
 rS, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Aune. Entered 
 the service on Apr. 8, 1918, in io6th Ord. Depot Co. at 
 Camp Jackson. S. C. He was promoted to the rank of 
 Sgt. Aug. 4, 1918. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., July 29, 1919. 
 
 EARLE CHAUWICK ANXES, (7)— Lieutenant F. A. 
 School of Fire, of Windom. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. W . 
 Annes. Entered the service on Dec. 15, 1917, and as 
 his regiment was disbanded he re-enlisted and joined the 
 Field Artillery at Camp Custer. He was commissioned 
 a Second Lieutenant Aug. 25, :9i8, and transferred to 
 Camp Funston wliere he trained under Gen. Wood. He 
 was discharged at Ft. Sill, Okla., Dec. 17, 1918. 
 
 ■GUNNER N. ANDERSON, (8) — Private, of Walnut Grove. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Anderson. Entered the ser- 
 vice Feb. 27, 1918, in Hq. Co., 352d Inf., 88th Div., 
 Camp Dodge, la. Transferred to the 32d Eng. Mar. 24, 
 19 18, at Camp Grant, III. Sailed from N. Y. for France 
 June 15, 1918, and left there June 7, 1919. He was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 30, 1919. 
 
 JETER A. ANDERSON, (9) — Sergeant, of Storden, Minn. 
 Born July 4, 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andres Ander- 
 son. Entered the service in February, 1918, in Bat. A., 
 339th Field Art. at Camp Dodge, la. Later transferred 
 to Co. D, 43d Eng. at the American University. Pro- 
 moted to the rank of Corporal May 16, 1918, and to the 
 rank of Sergeant, May 5, 1919. Sailed from N. Y. 
 for France May 21, 1918. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., June 23, 1919. 
 
 WALDO ANONSEN. (17) — Private, of Windom. Born 
 .Aug. 16, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Anonsen 
 Entered the service Oct. 11, 1918, in Co. 5, 2d Regiment. 
 S. A. T. C LTniversity of Minnesota. And was dis- 
 charged Dec. 17, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 M,\URICE P. ANDERSON, (18) — Musician, First Class, of 
 Lamberton. Born Feb. 17. 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 C. H. Anderson. Entered the service in Sousa's Band. 
 Dec. 15, 1917. Then at the Great Lakes. He was dis- 
 charged at Great Lakes, 111., March s, 1919. 
 
 JACOB J. BALZER, (19)— Private, of Windom. Born 
 March 23, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jac. H. Balzer. 
 Entered the service Tulv 23, 1918, in Med. Det. 4th Pi- 
 oneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred to 
 Med. Det. 5th Pioneer Inf., Aug. 20, 1918. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 10, 1919. 
 
 WILLI.AM BRADY, (20)— Sergeant, of Windom, Minn. 
 Entered the service in 1918 and was sent to Camp Futis- 
 ton and was transferred to a camp in Illinois, where he 
 remained until the close of the war. 
 
FENTON F. BORST. (i)— First Lieutenant, Windom. Born 
 Mar. 29, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Borst. En- 
 tered the service May 15, 1917, in the nth Training 
 Camp, Ft. Snelling. Transferred June. 1917, to Ft. 
 Monroe. He was commissioned a First Lieutenant Aug. 
 15, 1917. Sailed from N. Y. for France Sept. 12, 1917. 
 He saw service on the Champaign Front, where he was 
 shell-shocked and was sent home Oct. 20, 1918. Lie was 
 discharged at Cape May, N. J., Dec. 31, 1918. 
 
 NELSON' J. BELL, (2)— Private First Class, Windom. 
 Born Aug. 30, 1889. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Bell. 
 Entered the service on Jan. 23, igi8, in Co. M. 6th Inf., 
 Sth Div. at Camp Greene. Sailed from Hoboken for 
 France March 13, 1918. He was gassed in the Argonne 
 Drive on Oct. 13, 1918. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Apr. 5, 1919. 
 
 WALTER BELL, (3)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. John Bell of Windom. Entered the service on Feb. 
 16. 1918, in Co. M, 6ist Inf., 5th Div. at Camp Greene. 
 Sailed from Camp Merritt for France Apr. 17, 1918. He 
 was wounded during the Meuse-Argonne Drive on Nov. 
 5, 191S. Participated in the battles of St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. He spent two weeks in the trenches 
 in Alsace-Lorraine. Sailed from France, June 22, 1919, 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., July 11, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM BELL, (4)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. John Bell of Windom. Born Oct. 22, 1896. En- 
 tered the service on Dec. 3. 19 17, in Co. K. 23rd Eng., 
 an Independent Unit. Sailed from Hoboken for France 
 where he participated in the Meuse-j\rgonne Drive. Left 
 France June i. 1919. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., June 20, 1919. 
 
 MILTON H. BORST, (5)— Sergeant, Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Borst. Entered the service Apr. 
 28, 1918, Hq. Co., 3o2d Battalion of Heavy Tanks at 
 Gettysburg, Pa. He was promoted to the rank of First 
 Class Private July 15, 19 18, and to the rank of sergeant 
 Aug. IS, 1919. He was discharged at Camp Dix, N. Y., 
 Dec. 13, 1919. 
 
 ROY BEHERNS, (lO— Private, Jeffers, Minn. Born Aug. 
 19, 1900. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Beherns. Entered 
 the service on May 10, 1918, in Bat. A, 74th Reg. of 
 Art. at Ft. Totten, N. Y. Later transferred to Ft. 
 Schuyler. Sailed from Newport News, Va., and left 
 France Dec. 23, 1918. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Jan. 28, 1919. 
 
 HF.NRY A. BARTSCJl, ( 12)— Private, Bingham Lake. 
 Born Dec. 30, 1895. ^on of Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Bartsch. 
 Entered the service on Aug. 28, 19 18 at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Later on, Sept. 10, 1918, he was transferred to the 
 Q. M. Corps. He was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 Mar. 25, 1919. 
 
 ALBERT E. BEAN, (13)— Corporal, Westbrook. Born May 
 16, 1S92. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Christie Bean. Entered 
 the service on Dec. 14, 1917 at Mason City, la., C. A. C. 
 Trained at Ft. Baker, Cal. Transferred May 10, igi8 
 to Ft. Winfield Scott, Cal. Sailed from Hoboken for 
 France, June 28, 1918. Participated in the battles of 
 Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Was promoted 
 to the rank of Corporal Nov. 24, 1918. Left France 
 Mar. 24, 1919. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Apr. 22, 1919. 
 
 ARCH L. BOLLES, (14)— Seaman, Westbrook. Born Nov. 
 9. 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Bolles. Entered the 
 service on Aug. 13, 1917 in the U. S. Navy at Norfolk. 
 Va. Transferred Jan. i, 1918 to U. S. S. Cyclops. 
 Later to the U. S. S. Pittsburgh and then to the Brook- 
 lyn Armed Guard. Promoted to the grade of 2d Class 
 Seaman, Oct. s, 1917. and to the rank of Seaman, Sept. 
 20, 1918. He was discharged at N. Y. June 28, 1919. 
 
 FRANK M. BECKER, ( 15)— Private, Dundee. Born in 
 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Nick Becker. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. B, 351st Inf. at Camp Dodge. 
 la. Transferred to Co. A, 135th Inf. at Camp Cody, Nov. 
 I, 1917, and on June 15, 1918 went overseas with the 
 June Replacement. July 23, 1918 he joined the 42d Rain- 
 bow Div. then in France. He sailed from France on 
 March 8, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la.. 
 Mar. 30, 1919. 
 
 JOSEPH BIGBEE, (6)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. J. S. Bigbee of Sandborn, la. Entered the ser- 
 vice on July 13, 1917, in Co. F, 2d Minn. Inf. at Worth- 
 ington, Minn. Later was transferred to Co. F, 136th 
 Inf. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Sailed from Hoboken' for 
 France June^ 28, 1918. Was in action on the Verdun 
 Front from Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, 1918. He was promoted 
 to the grade of wagoner Oct. 5, 19 18. Left France 
 Aug. 25, 1919. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Sept. 26. 1919. 
 
 DUDLEY BR.\DY, (7)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. P. Brady of Windom. Entered the service Oct. 
 23, 1918, in the 13th Prov. Rect. Co. 2d Bn. Eng. at 
 Camp Forrest, Ga. 
 
 JOHN H. BRINK, ( 16)— Corporal. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 John Brink. Entered the service on Dec. 15, 1917 in the 
 131st Aero Squadron at Taylor Field. Transferred to 
 Camp Sevier, S. C. on Feb. 2, 1918, and then to Taylor 
 Field again on Mar. 17, 1918. He was promoted to the 
 rank of Corporal, Mar. 7, 1919. Was discharged at 
 Taylor Field, Ala., Mar. 20, 1919. 
 
 LAWRENCE P. BERG, (17)— Fireman, Westbrook. Born 
 Dec. 5, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Berg. Entered 
 the service on June 28, 1918 in the U. S. Navy at the 
 Great Lakes, 111. Transferred to the U. S. S. Connecti- 
 cut on Aug. 7, 1918 and then to the U. S. S. Princess 
 Matoika on June 29, 1919. He was discharged at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., Sept. 15, 1919. 
 
 EUGENE L. BARLOW. (8)— First C. P. O., Windom. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Barlow of Windom. Entered 
 the service on June 6, 1918 at Puget Sound. Transferred 
 Nov. 26, 1918 to U. S. S. Eastern Shore N. O. T. S. 
 Transferred to U. S. S. Tci. L. Doheny, N. O. T. S. Was 
 promoted to the grade of Bkr. 2d Class Nov. i, 1918 and 
 Dec. I, 1918 to the grade of Bkr. ist Class. Barlow vis- 
 ited such ports as Balboa, Panama, Gibraltar, Spain, Con- 
 stanza, Roumania, Constantinople, Turkey, Plymouth. 
 Eng.; Brest, France; Colon, Panama; Guantanamo Bay, 
 Cuba; Glasgow, Scotland. 
 
 JOHN BOERS. (9)— Private, Westbrook, Minn. Born Jan. 
 31, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Boers. Entered the 
 service on Sept. 21, 1917, in Co. B, 166th Inf. of the 
 42d "Rainbow" Div., then at Camp Dodge, la. Trans- 
 ferred to Camp Cody, N. Mex., June 15, 1918, then to 
 Camp Marritan, N. J. Sailed from N. Y. for France. 
 He left France on May 13, 1919. He was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la. 
 
 HALFTON MANUEL BJERKE, do)— Private, Tracy. Son 
 of O. J. Bjerke. Entered the service Aug. 28, 1918 in 
 the i6ist Depot Brigade at Camp Grant, 111. Not being 
 able to pass the examination he was not sent across. He 
 was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., on Aug. 31, 19:8. 
 
 PETER W. B.VLZER, ( 18)— Private, ist Class, Bingham 
 Lake. Born Apr. 29. 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter 
 H. Balzar. Entered the service on Feb. 23, 1918 in Bat. 
 A, 339th Field Artillery. Transferred to Camp Utilities 
 Q. M. C. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la.. May 7, 
 1919. 
 
 HENRY L. BUSSWITZ, (19)— Private, Westbrook. Born 
 Aug. 11, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. Busswitz. En- 
 tered the service on Feb. 22, 1918 in Co. E, 313th Sup- 
 ply Tr., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge. la. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge. la. Transferred to Co. B, 110th M. P. 35th 
 Div., Donaphin, Okla., and then to Co. L, 138th Inf., 
 35th Div., then in France. Participated in the battles at 
 the Vosges Mts. ; St. Mihiel; Sommedein; Meuse-Argonne 
 Drive. He was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 13, 
 1919. 
 
 JACOB EAKKE, (20)— Private, Storden. Born July 26, 
 1897- Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Bakke. Entered the 
 service on Dec. 17, 1917 in the 351st Inf., 88th Div., 
 Camp Dodge, la. Transferred to Bat. C, 304th Art. 
 Field Artillery Camp Devens, Mass. Sailed from N. Y. 
 for France the 77th Div. He participated in the battles 
 of Baccarat Sector, Chateau-Thierry, Aisne Off., V^esle 
 Sector, Meuse-.Argonne. .Sailed from France Apr. 20, 
 1919. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., May 17, 1919. 
 
CLARK BEISE, (i)— Keg. Supply Sergeant, Wmdom. 
 Born Oct. 13, 1897- Son of Dr. and Mrs. Beise of Win- 
 dom. Entered the service on Apr. 17, i9i7 m the Supply 
 Co ist Minn. Inf. at Ft. Snelliug. Transferred to Sup- 
 ply Co., 135th Inf. at Camp Cody. N. Mex., Oct. 5. i9i7- 
 Sailed from Hoboken for France Oct. 13. 191S. He was 
 promoted to the rank of wagoner May i, 1917 and to the 
 rank of Reg. Sup. Sgt. Nov. 9. iQi?- Sailed from Inance 
 July 23, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dix, A. J., 
 Aug. 5. 1919- 
 
 CARL E. BATES, {2)— Corporal, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Wm. Bates of Windom. Entered the service 
 on May 16, 1917 at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. Sailed 
 for France Tune 17, 1917. He participated in the battles 
 of the Luneville Sec, Toul, Cantigny, Sazerais, Mt. 
 Didier-Noyan, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Was also in the Army of Occupation from Dec. 
 18, to Aug. 18, 1919. He was discharged at Camp Grant, 
 III., Sept. 27, 1919- 
 
 at Camp Wadsworth. He sailed from X. V. July 6, 1918. 
 Saw active service on such places as the Vosges Mts.. 
 Robinson's Sec. Meuse-Argonne. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., June 21, 1919- 
 
 WALTER L BARC.EK, (11)— A. S. C. 3, Mountain Lake. 
 Born Oct. 17, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. I. I. Bargen.^ 
 Entered the service on Oct. i, 1918, at the University of 
 Minnesota, Naval Unit. He was discharged at Minneapolis 
 on Dec. 20, 1918. 
 
 GEO. B. CASE, (12) — Private, Westbrook. Born in Hay- 
 ward, Wis. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Case. Entered 
 the service May 28, 191S in Co. B, i^iith M. P. at Cam]) 
 Grant, 111. Sailed from N. Y. Sept. 17, 1918 and left 
 France on Oct. 4, 1919. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dix, N. J., Oct. 10, 1919. 
 
 HARLEY M. BATES, (3) — Private, Windom. Born Feb. 
 9, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wra. Bates. Entered the 
 service on May 27, 1917 at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. 
 Later transferred to San Antonio, Texas, and then on 
 July 18, 1918 to the i8th Div. at Camp Traverse. He was 
 discharged here on Jan. 13, 1919- 
 
 LEONARD L. BAKER, (4) — Corporal, Windom. Born Nov. 
 26, 1895. Son of Henry P. Baker of Jeffers. Entered 
 the service on Sept. 27, 191 7 at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. 
 Transferred to Co. C, 10, Field Sig. Bn. 7th Div. Reg. 
 Army. Sailed from Hoboken for France Aug. 18, 1918. 
 He participated in the battles of Puvenell Sector, Oct. 10 
 to Nov. II, 19 1 8. Sailed from France on June 17, 19 19. 
 He w^as discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., July 2, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM E. COMNICK, (13)— S. C. First Class, West- 
 brook. Born ]\Iar. 14. 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gott- 
 lieb Comnick. Entered the service on Apr. 2j, 191S. in 
 the U. S. Navy at Dun woody Inst., Minneapolis. Trans- 
 ferred to Navy Yards at Philadelphia on June 26, 19 18, 
 then to Pauillac, France on board the ship "Kaiserine 
 Augusta Victoria." Was stationed at the tl. S. Naval 
 Aviation Station while at Pauillac. He was discharged 
 at Minneapolis, !Minn.. Aug. 26, 19 19. 
 
 HARRV HARRISON r.XRTER. (14)— Private. Jeffers. 
 Born Mar. 8, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. S. L. Carter. 
 Entered the service on Oct. 23, 19 18 in the 163d Dep. 
 Brig, at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Later transferred to Camp 
 Dodge, la. He was discharged tliere on Dec. 13, 1918. 
 
 DAVE J. BEIER, (5)— Private First Class. Mt. Lake. 
 Born Nov. 27, 1894. Son of Mv. and Mrs. John Beier. 
 Entered the service on May 27, 1918, in Co. L, ^62d 
 Inf., 91st Div. at Camp Lewis. Wash. Sailed from N. Y. 
 for France, July 5, 1918. Participated in the battles 
 of the Meuse-Argonne, Lys-Scheldt, St. Mihiel. Wound- 
 ed in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne Sept. 29, 1918. 
 Left France on Apr. 13. 1919. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Apr. 28, 1919. 
 
 ERWIN L. CAREY, {i5)^Sergeant, First Class. Born Nov. 
 26, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Carey, Sr. En- 
 tered the service on Dec 9, 1917 in 829th Aero Squad- 
 ron attached to the 2d Div. at Camp Custer, Mich. Trans- 
 ferred to Self ride Field, Mich., Mar. 20, 19 18 and to 
 Hazelhurst Field, Aug. 17, 1918. Sailed from N. Y. 
 Sept. I, 1918, and left France on Aug. 26, 1919. He was 
 discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Sept. i6. 1919. 
 
 REXFORD D. BRUBACHER. (6)— C. M. 2d Class, Win- 
 dom. Born Mar. 29, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. D. 
 Brubacher. Entered the service on May 6. 1918 at the 
 Dunwoody Tr. Sc, Minneapolis. Transferred to Phila- 
 delphia Tuly 3, 1918, and then to Miami. Fla., Aug, 
 28, 1918! Promoted to the rank of C. M. (a) 2d CI., 
 July 3, 19 18. He was discharged at Miami, Fla., on 
 Jan. 30, 1919. 
 
 ZIXA B. CHATFIELD. (i6)^Private. Minneapolis. Born 
 Aug. 5, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. O. Chatfield. 
 Entered the service on Oct. 24, 19 18 at Kelly Field in 
 Co, 5, Sec. Wing. He was stationed here until he was 
 sent to Camp Dodge, la., where he was discharged June 
 12, 1919. 
 
 ROY E. BOWDEN, (7)— Corporal, Windom. Born Sept. 
 II, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Bowden of Win- 
 dom. Entered the service on Apr. 16, 191 7. in Co. G, 
 ist Minn. Inf. at Ft. Snelling. Transferred to Co. G, 
 135th Inf., at Camp Cody, X'. Mex. He was promoted to 
 the rank of Corporal Jan. 28, 1918. Sailed from N. Y. for 
 France on Oct. 12, 1918. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la.. May 14. 1919- 
 
 HUGH CURLEY, (17)— Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 June II, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Curley. 
 Entered the service on Feb. 33, 1918 in Battery A, Field 
 Art., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge. la. Later transferred 
 to Camp Grant. 111. Sailed from N. Y. for France and 
 left there on May 29, 1919- Was discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., June 29, 1919. 
 
 BYRON BERRY. (8)— Sergeant, Windom. Born Mar. 20. 
 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Berry. Entered the 
 service on Sept. 21. 191 7 in Co. B. 351st Inf. at Camp 
 Dodge. la. Transferred to Inf. Candidate School at 
 De La Valbourns. France, on Oct. 4, 1918. Then to 
 Le ]\ians Casual Co., Feb. 6, 19 19. He was promoted 
 to the rank of Corporal, Nov. 9, 19 17 and to the rank 
 of Sgt., July 1, 1918. Was discharged at Camp Grant, 
 III., on Mar. 17, 1919- 
 
 ROBERT COOK, (18)— Private, Jeffers. Born June 28. 
 1S90. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Dewain Cook. Entered the 
 service on Apr. 29, 1918 in Co. K, 349th Inf. of the 88th 
 Div. at Camp Dodge. la. Transferred to Co. E, 34th 
 Inf., 7th Div. at Camp McArthur on July 18, 1918. Sailed 
 from N. Y. for France Aug. 17, igi8. Participated in the 
 battles of St. Mihiel. He left France on June 11, 1919 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 26, 1919. 
 
 OSCAR A. BLOM. (9)— Private, Comfrey. Born July 13, 
 1 89 1. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Blom. Entered the 
 service on Apr. 29, 1918 in the 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Sailed from N. Y. for France on June 19, 1918. 
 Elom participated in the battles of St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne. Left France on May 27, 19:9. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., on June 14, 1919. 
 
 PALTL W. CASE, (19) — Second Lieutenant, Mountain Lake. 
 Born Jan. 5, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Case. 
 Entered the service on Aug. 30, 19 17 in the Aviation at 
 Berkeley. Cal. Transferred to 8th Aero Squadron, Ourches, 
 France, Sept. 5, 19 18. He participated in the drive at 
 St. Mihiel. Was discharged at Mitchell Field. Long 
 Island, May 5, 1919- 
 
 j\LBIN W. BLOM, (10)— Private, Comfrey. Born Sept. 
 25, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Blom. Entered the 
 service on May 2. 19 18 in the Mg. Co. of the -th Div. 
 
 LOWELL WALTER CRANE, (20)— Private, Windom. 
 Born Sept. 12. 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Crane 
 of Windom. Entered the service on Oct. 27. 1919, in Co. 
 B, Gen Hosp. Nu. 26, at Ft. Des Moines, la. 
 
BURDETT E. COOK, (i)— Sergeant. Windom. Born Oct. 
 I, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Cook. Entered the 
 service on Apr. 21, 1917 in Co. G, 1st Minn. Inf. at Ft. 
 Snelling. Later transferred to Co. G, 135th Inf.. at 
 Camp Cody. N. Mex. Sailed to France Oct. 14. 1918 
 and left there on Apr. i, igiQ- While at Camp Cody he 
 was one of eighteen escorts for two French Captains who 
 were killed there in an auto accident. He was promoted 
 to the rank of Sgt. May 11, 19 18. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., Apr. 21, 1919- 
 
 RICHARD COOK, (2)— Second Lieutenant. Windom. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Cook of Windom. He entered 
 the service on Apr. 7. 1918 in the Coast Artillery at Ft. 
 Totten, N. Y., and was later transferred to Ft. Monroe, 
 Va., to the Coast Art. School there. He was promoted 
 to the rank of ist Sgt. July 6, 1918 and was given ^a 
 commission on Nov. i, 1918. He was discharged at Ft. 
 Monroe, Va., Nov. 29, 1918. 
 
 O. L. CODER, (3)— Electrician, Windom. Born Dec. 22, 
 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Coder. Entered the 
 service on Dec. 10, 19 17, in the U. S. Navy at Newport, 
 L. I. Transferred to Brooklyn Naval Yards Feb. 7, 1918, 
 and then on June 28, 1918 to the Naval Base. Va. On 
 Nov. 28 to C. & O. Pier No. 10 Newport News, Va. 
 Was promoted to the rank of third class Petty Officer, 
 Electrician, Nov. 9, 19 18. and then Mar. i, 1919 to 
 second class Petty Officer. He was discharged at the 
 Naval Base at Hampton Roads, Xa., Apr. 2, 19 19. 
 
 FRANK CURLEV, (10)— Sergeant. Mountain Lake. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Curley. Entered the service 
 on Sept. 21, 1 9 1 7 in Co. D, 3 5 1 st Inf. at Camp Dodge, 
 la. He sailed from U. S. Aug. 16, 1918. Was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Corporal July i , 1 9 1 8 and to tne 
 rank of Sgt., May 17, 1919- Participated in the battles 
 of Haute-Alsace, Oct. 11, 1918, to Oct. 27, 1919. He was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 6, 1919- 
 
 FRANCIS A. CARROLL, f 11)— Corporal. Teffers. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Carroll. Born Dec. 7, 1888. Entered 
 the service on May 27, 1918, Co. 5, 154th Depot Brig.. 
 Camp Meade, Md. Was promoted to the rank of Cor- 
 poral Aug. 8, 1918. Discharged at Camp Meade, Md., Feb. 
 13. 1919- 
 
 GEORGE W. CHRISTENSON, (12)— Private, Windom. 
 Born Aug. 28, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. Christen- 
 son. Entered the service on Oct. 23, 1918, in Co. F. 
 Trained at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Later transferred to 
 the Base Hospital. He was discharged at Camp Cody. 
 N. Mex., Dec. 22, 1918. 
 
 GEO. D. CLINE, (13)— First Sergeant. Jeffers. Born at 
 Rudd, la. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Cline. Entered 
 the service on June 25, 1918, in Co. 20, 5th Tr. Bn., 
 Camp Grant, 111. Was promoted to the rank of Cor- 
 poral, Aug. 1, 1918, and to the rank of Sgt. Sept. i, 
 19 18, then to the rank of ist Sgt. Nov. 1, 19 18. Was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. Feb. 17, 1919- 
 
 :. J. CARBINE, {4)— Sergeant, Windom. Born Aug. 17. 
 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Carbine. Entered the 
 service on Apr. 8. 19 18 at the LTniversity of Cincinnati. 
 Later transferred to Camp Jackson in Co. A, 12th Reg, 
 Was promoted to the rank of Sgt. Oct. 12, 1918. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 11, 1918. 
 
 WILAN S. DREWERY, (14)— Private. Windom. Born 
 Nov. I, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Drewery of 
 Windom. Entered the service May 23, 19 18, 107 Qm. Bn. 
 Paris Island. Worked there on the rifle range. Dis- 
 charged at Paris Island, Jan. 30. 1919- 
 
 WALTER M. COWEN, (5)— Private, Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Robert Cowan of Windom. Entered the 
 service on Jan. 23, 1918 in the Med. Dept. 6ist Itif., 5th 
 Div. at Camp Greene. N. C. Sailed from Hoboken, X. J., 
 for France and left there on July 13, 1919. He partici 
 pated in the battles on the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Was discharged at Camp Dodge, Xa., July 28, 1919. 
 
 FKED A. DRESSLER, (15)— Britt, la. Entered the ser- 
 vice June 24, 1918, sent to Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 to Camp Upton, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1918. Sailed for France 
 Sept. 9. 1918, with the 86th Div. Then transferred to 
 Co. I, 56th Inf., 7th Div. Participated in the St. Mihiel. 
 Prany River. Meuse-Argonne. He was cited for gallant 
 action at Prany Ridge, by bringing in the body of one 
 of his comrades under heavy machine gun fire. Sailed 
 from Brest, France June 16. 1919- Landed at Camp 
 Stuart, Va. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 8, 1919- 
 
 ORVIN A. CHRISTENSON. (6)— Private, Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. O. L. Christenson. Entered the service on 
 June 25, 1918 in Co. E. 342d Inf., 86th Div.. Camp Grant. 
 111. Sailed from N. Y. for France on Sept. 8, 1918. 
 Was then transferred to the third Priv. Reg. Le Mans 
 Aera. Sailed from France on Aug. 18, 1919. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Sept. 6, 1919. 
 
 ilERLE L. DEWEY, (16)— Private First Class, Jeffers. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. D. Dewey of Jeffers. Entered 
 the service Feb. 23. 1918 in the 339th Field Art. at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred to Camp Devens, Mass., Mar. 
 20, 1918. Sailed from N. Y. July i, 1918. He was then 
 with the 33d K^ngineers. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., July 7, 1919. 
 
 FRED C. CARPENTER. (7)— First Sergeant, Windom. 
 Born Oct. 26. 1887. Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. J. Car- 
 penter of Windom. Entered the service on July 24, 1918, 
 in Co. H, 56th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth. Trans- 
 ferred Aug. 23, 1918, to Co. E, 55th Pioneer Inf., Oct. 
 20, 1918, 331st Inf., 83d Div. and Dec. 8, 1918 to 268th 
 P. W. E. Co. A. S. C, Camp Malicorn, France. Was 
 promoted to the rank of Sgt. Sept. 4, 1918 and to the 
 rank of :st Sgt. Dec. 8, 19 18. He was discharged at 
 Camp Lee, W. Va., June 10, 19 19. He was sent home 
 on special discharge on account of his father's ill health. 
 
 ROBERT FRANK COWAN, (8>— Private. First Class, Win- 
 dom. Born Dec. S. 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Hector 
 Cowan. Entered the service on Jan. 23, 1918, in Co. — , 
 6 1 St Inf., 5th Div., Camp Greene, N. C. Sailed from 
 Hoboken, N. J. for France Apr. 12, 1918. He was wound- 
 ed in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne on Nov. 4. 1918. 
 He participated in the battles of St. Mihiel, Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Sailed from France on Mar. i, 19 19, and was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, III., Aug. 13, 19 19. 
 
 VERNON A. CROFT, (9)— Yeoman S-2-C. Windom. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Fergus Croft. Born Oct. 15, 1899. 
 Entered the service on June 7, 1918 in the District Detail 
 office. Boston. Mass, Transferred Sept. 23. 1Q18 to 
 U. S. S. Montana. Promoted to the rank of seaman 
 Aug. I, 1918 and to the rank of Y-2-C Oct. i, 1918. 
 Sailed from Boston for France on Sept. 27, 1918. Was 
 discharged at Great Lakes, Jan. 27, 19 19. 
 
 FINER DAMN, (17)— Corporal, Windom. Born Jan. 11, 
 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. C. Damn. Entered the 
 service May 17, 1918, in Co. 71, 7th Marines at Mare Is- 
 land, California. Promoted to ihe rank of Corporal in 
 October. 19 18. Spent 20 months in Cuba. Discharged in 
 Philadelphia, May 31, 19 19. 
 
 FRANK E. DEVLIN, (18)— Private, Windom. Born Feb. 
 24, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. James Devlin of Win- 
 dom. Entered the service May 3, 1918 in the Tank 
 Corps at Gettysburg, Pa. Sailed from X. V. Aug. 29. 
 19 18. He sailed from France Feb. 26, 19 19. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., Apr, 11, 19 19. 
 
 WALTER DAMN, (19)— Sergeant. Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. M. C. Damn. Entered the service May 
 17, 1917, in Co. 71, 7th Reg. Marine Corps and trained at 
 Mare Island. Cal. Later was sent to Cuba where he 
 spent twenty months, after which he was sent back to the 
 LTnited States and received his discharge in the fall of 
 1919. We are unable to find out where or when he was 
 discharged. 
 
 ABR. B. DICK, (20) — Private, Mountain Lake. Born Apr. 
 25, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Dick. Entered 
 the service on Apr. 29, 1918 in Co. H. 349th Inf., Camp 
 Dodge, la. He was discharged at Camp Dodge. la., Apr. 
 22, 1919. 
 
,KX^vi^ ^liu It 1 
 
 Vlh^ ^ttli! '?"^*ti3 
 
WALLACE R. DEITCHMAN, (i)— First Class Petty Offi- 
 cer, Windom, Minn. Born Oct. 3, 1897. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Erdman Deitcliman. Entered the service July 
 II, 1918, in Co. G, 5th Regiment, 1st Div. at the Great 
 Lakes Naval Station. Transferred to C. H. Aug. 7, 1918. 
 Then Aug. 11 to Philadelphia, and on Aug. 17 to A'. Y. 
 City. Sailed for England, went to France and then on 
 March 17, 1919 sailed for N. Y. Was promoted to the 
 rank of ist CI. Petty Officer July 12. 1918. He was dis- 
 charged at Norfolk, Va., Apr. .1, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR P. ERICKSON, (12)— Sergeant, Westbrook. 
 Born Feh. 27, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Erick- 
 son. Entered the service on Sept. 2n 1917. in Co. B, 
 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred to 
 Co. H, 346th Inf., 87th Div., Camp Pike, Ark. Sailed 
 for France Aug. 23, 1918. Was promoted to the rank 
 of Corporal Tan. 25, 1918 and to the rank of Sgt. Apr. 
 20, :9i8. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Apr. 
 17, 1919- 
 
 HENRY C. DEITCHMAN, (2)— Private First Class. Win- 
 dom. Born J'une 12, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Erdman 
 Deitchman. Entered the service May 25, 1918 in the 
 Supply Co., 362d Inf.. 91st Div. at Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 In France he participated in the battles on the St. Mihiel 
 and the Meuse-Argonne. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., May i, 1919. 
 
 EMIL ELLINGSON, (13)— Private, Lamberton. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Filing L. Ellingson. Entered the service 
 May 2, 1918 in the Supply Tr. Co. C. at Camp Wadsvvorth, 
 S. C. Sailed from U. S. July 14. I9i8. He partici- 
 pated in the battles around Guardmer Sector, and the 
 Meuse-.-\rgonne. Left France June 10, 1919, and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919- 
 
 EMIL DANIELSON, (3)— Private, Windom. Born June 2, 
 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Engebret Danielson. En- 
 tered the service May 17, 1918 in the 14th Construction 
 Co. at Camp Sevier. Sailed from N. Y. Aug. 3. 1918 and 
 left France Dec. 1, 1919. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Dec. 28, 1919. 
 
 EL.-\I M. EGGE. (4) — Private, Windom. Born .\ug. 31. 
 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. ToUef Egge. Entered the 
 service Feb. 18, 1918 in Medical Co. Was later trans- 
 ferre<l to Camp Waco, Texas and put in the 306th Aero 
 Sqdrn. Later he was put in tlie 35th Amb. Co. with 
 the 33th Div. Sailed from N. Y. July 18, 1918. Served 
 in France driving an ambulance. He left France May 
 16, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 21, 1919. 
 
 L. S. ELLIFRITZ, (si— Private First Class, Windom. Born 
 Feb. 28, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. S. B. Ellifritz. 
 Entered the service June 25, 1918 in 20th Co., i6ist Inf. 
 at Camp Grant. 111. Later transferred to Co. E, 342d 
 Inf., 86th Div. Then Sept. 28, 1918 to Hij. Co., 7th Div. 
 He sailed from Hoboken for France and participated in 
 the engagements around the Puniville Sector. Sailed from 
 France May i6, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 June 2$, 1919- 
 
 SIDNEY A M. ENGESWICK, (14)— Corporal, Lambcr- 
 toA. Born Aug. 23, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John .\. 
 Engeswick. Entered the service Dec. 5. 39i7 m the 161st 
 Depot Brig, at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred Mar l to 
 Kellv Field, Texas, and Mar. 25, 1918 to Waco, Texas, 
 then May 28, 1918 to Camp Greene, Charlotte, l\ . C. 
 Sailed the latter part of July for France where he served 
 in the A E. F. until Nov. 25, 1918. when he sailed for 
 the U. S. again. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Dec. 23, 1918. 
 
 WILLIAM ENGEL, (i5>— Private, Windom. Born May 
 ,0 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Engel. Entered 
 fh^ serv-ice .-\ug. 24, 1918 in the Motor Transport Corps 
 Unit ,0! Trained at the Indianapolis Training School 
 Sailed for France Oct. 28, 19.8. Served there in the 
 M T C and left there Sept. 10, 1919. He was dis- 
 charged at CamT Dodge, la., Sept. 23, 1919- 
 
 HFLMAR T. ENGEN, (16)— Private. Sanborn. Sou of Mr 
 ancl Mrs. Andrew Engen. Entered the service '" .B^"^^^ 
 F i4h Field Artillery at Camp Dodge, la. Sailed for 
 France \pr 24, 1918. ' Left there July 30, I9i9- He was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., .\ug. 14. iQiQ- 
 
 OLE CHRISTIAN ERICKSON, (6)— Private. Westbrook. 
 Born May 30, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Halgrim Erick- 
 son. Entered the service Oct. 23, 1918 in Co. B, Sig. Bn. 
 g7th Inf. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. He was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 13, 1918. 
 
 EDWIN E. ESSIG, (7)— Private, Sanborn. Born May 19, 
 1888. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Essig. Entered the 
 service Feb. 22, 1918 in 313th -Am. Tr. at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Later transferred to Camp Gordon, Ga. Sailed from 
 U. S. May I, 1918. He was engaged in the Tonle, Mar- 
 bache, St. Mihiel, ^Ieuse--\rgonne Off. Sailed trom 
 France May 9, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la. 
 
 JACOB F. EITZEN, (8)— Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 Apr. 28, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Eitzen of 
 Mountain Lake. Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. 
 D, 351st Inf. at Camp Dodge, la., 88th Div. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., Nov. 6, 1917. 
 
 GEORGE P. EITZEN, (9)— Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 Nov. 4, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Eitzen, Sr. En- 
 tered the service -Apr. 29, in the Md. Det. 349th Inf., 
 88tli Div. at Camp Dodge. la. Transferred to Camp 
 Llpton, N. Y., July 30, 1918. Sailed from N. Y. Aug. 
 9, 1918. Participated in the battles of Haute-Alsace, A. 
 E. F. Sailed from France May 18, 1919. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., June 10, 1919. 
 
 DFLBURT W. ELNESS. ( 17)— Corporal, Windom. Born 
 Feb 3 iSoV. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew EUiess of 
 Windom. Entered the ^"vice July '5. .917. i" CO; I • 
 'd Minn. Inf., then at Worthington. Minn. Later tians 
 ierred to Ca™ Codv, N. Mex. Transferred ^^^am on 
 Mar 17 1918 to Central Records Office at Bouiges, 
 France He sailed for France Oct. 13, 1918. Was pro- 
 nged to the rank of Private First Class Aug 1 .917, 
 and to the rank of Corporal Sept. '5. i9 8- Sailed for 
 U. S. .\ug. 10, 1919. He was discharged at tamp Uodge, 
 la., Aug. 31, 1919- 
 
 CLIFFORD ENGESWICK. (18)— Seaman Signalman First 
 Class, Lamberton. Born Oct. ii,_ 1899. Entered the ser- 
 vice at Minneapolis in the U. S. Navy, Nov. 19, '9 17. 
 Was sent to the Great Lakes Naval Station. Later he 
 attended the Navy Signal School at Hampton Roads, \ a. 
 He served aboard the U. S. S. Utah for six months, this 
 time being spent in foreign waters. Engeswick was with 
 the fleet that escorted President Wilson on his hrst 
 trip to France. Was discharged at New \ ork, N. \., Feb. 
 20, 1919 as a Seaman Signalman of first class. 
 
 GUY E EATON, (19) — Private, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Truman Eaton. Entered the service Aug. 28, 
 1918 in Co. 8, Depot Brigade. Later transferred to 1st 
 Inf. Rep. Troops, at Camp Grant, 111. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 30, 1919. 
 
 OL,\F ERICKSON, do) — Private, Windom. Born Oct. 
 
 17, 1896. Entered th2 service .\ug. 15, 1918. Trained 
 
 at the L'niversity of Minnesota. Later transferred to 
 
 Camp Kerney, Cal. He was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la.. Mar. 6, 1919. 
 
 EDWIN J. EWEY, (i i)— Private, Dundee. Born Nov. 
 18, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Ewey. Entered the 
 service on Oct. 14, 1918 at the University of Minnesota. 
 He was discharged there on Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 NOEL E. ELNESS, (20)— Quartermaster Third Class, Win- 
 dom. Born Feb. 18, 1900. Son of Mr. and Mrs. -An- 
 drew Elness. Entered the service May 21, 1918 in tne 
 U. S. Navy at Minneapolis. Trained at the Great Lakes 
 Tr. Station. Later transferred to Hampton Roads, V a., 
 and Feb. 15 to the U. S. S. Maine, then to the U. S. S. 
 Santa Lenora. Was promoted to the rank of Qm. .3rd. 
 Class Dec. 12, 1918. Sailed out of Philadelphia doing 
 Transport service to France. Made several trips to France. 
 He was discharged at Minneapolis Sept. 8, 1919- 
 
WESLEY W. EOSS, (i) — Med. Attachment, Wiiidom. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Foss. Entered the service Apr. 15. 
 1917 in Co. F, of the First Minn. Inf. at Fort Snellnig. 
 Transferred to the 34th Div. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. in 
 October, 19 1 7. Sailed with the 34th Div. from Camp Dix, 
 N. J., in September, igi8. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Jan. 17, 1920. 
 
 C.\L FARLEY, (j)— Sergeant l-"irst Class, Windom. Born 
 Dec. 25, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Farley. 
 Entered the service May 28, 1917 in Co. C, 6th Inf. of 
 the 3rd Div. at Washington, D. C. Sailed from Hoboken, 
 N. J, for France. Farley participated in the battles of 
 Amebiens Sec, Chateau-Thierry, Champaigne, Marne, 
 Aisne-Marne, \'esle River, St. Mihiel, and the .\Ieuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Was promoted to the rank of Corporal Sept. 21, 
 igi7, to the rank of Sgt. Apr. 7, 191S, and to the rank 
 of Sgt. ist Class, Xov. 7, 1918. He was discharged at 
 Camp Lee, \'a., Aug. i, 1919. 
 
 AMBROSE FULLER, (3 )— Sergeant, Bingham Lake. Born 
 Mar. 17, 1893. Son of iSIr. and Mrs. W. A. Fuller. En- 
 tered the service June 6, T917 at Norfolk, \'a. Trans- 
 ferred to the U. S. S. Rhode Island and then May 12, 
 1918 to Paris Island. Sailed for France from Hoboken. 
 He was promoted to the rank of Corporal June 14, 1918. 
 and to the rank of Sgt. Sept. ti, T918. Sailed from 
 l-'rance Aug. 2, 1919. Was discharged at Camp Norfolk, 
 Va., Sept. 30, 1919. 
 
 GU.XDER J. FLADBO, (4)— Corporal, Storden. Born Mar.' 
 9, 18S9. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Johan I'ladbo. Entered 
 the service Apr. 8, 1918 at the University of Minnesota. 
 Later transferred to Hq. Co. 3. Brig. F. A. R. D. Camp 
 Tackson, S. C. Then to 4th Corps Art. Park, at Camp 
 Wadsworth, S. C. Sailed from U. S., Sept. 3, 19:8. Was 
 promoted to the rank of Corporal Sept. i, igiS. Partic 
 iuated in the 'Meuse-Argonne Drive. He was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., July 5, 1919. 
 
 ■CYRIL C. FOSS, (5) — First Sergeant, Windom. Born Jan. 
 26, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Foss. Entered the 
 s-jrvice at Fort Snelling May 15, 1917, in the ist Officers' 
 Training School. Transferred tvi Rontaine Flying Field, 
 111., later to the University of Minn. He was promoted 
 to the rank of ist Sgt. Oct. 3. i9'9- Was discharged at 
 Minneapolis, Nov. 30, 1919. 
 
 May 27, 1918, in Co. 24, 164th Depot Brg. at Camp 
 Funston, Kans. Transferred to Base Hospital, Ft. Riley, 
 Kan., June 20, 1917 and to the Gen. Hospital No. 40, St. 
 Louis.' Was discharged at St. Louis, Mo., June 16, 1919. 
 
 JACOB F.\UST, (11) — Private, Windom. Born Oct. I, 
 
 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Faust. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 1917 in the Med. Det. 351st Inf. at 
 
 Camp Dodge, la. Sailed from N. Y. October, 1918. He 
 
 spent 45 days on the Front. Sailed from France June 
 
 I, 19 19. He is not discharged as yet and is in tlie hos- 
 pital at Denver, Colo. 
 
 DAVID E. FAIRBURN, (12) — Private, Windom. Born July 
 20, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Fairburn of Wiiy 
 dom. Entered the service July 15, 1917, tl"s being his 
 second enlistment, at Worthington, Minn., in Co. F, 2d 
 Minn. Inf. Later transferred to the 34th Div. at Camp 
 Cody, N. Mex. In July he was transferred to P. F. C. 
 Supply Co., Camp E)ix, N. J. Sailed from Hoboken for 
 France. Left France in January, 1919. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., March 11, 1919. 
 
 F. S. FILLMORE, (13) — Quartermaster, 2d Class, Jeffers. 
 Born Aug. 24, 1S96. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Fill- 
 more. Entered the service June 17, 1918. In the U. ^. 
 N. R. F. at Bremerton, Wash. Transferred Sept. 12, to 
 N. Y., Oct. 5, to New London; Nov. 7, to Philadelphia. 
 Promoted to the rank of Quartermaster 2d Class, Nov. ?', 
 19:8. Was discharged at Philadelphia Dec. s, I9i9. 
 
 FR.ANK B. FAST, (14) — Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 Sept. 10, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank F. Fast. 
 Entered the service Apr. 20, 1918 in 151st Field Art. 42d 
 Div. at Camp Mills, N. Y. Sailed from Hoboken, Oct. 18, 
 191S. Participated at Ba'fcarat, Peronne, Badonviller, 
 Migneville-Champaigne, Suippes, Lourain, Chateau-Thierry 
 and the Meuse-Argonne. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la.. May 10, 1919. 
 
 AXEL F. FREDERICKSON, (15)— Corporal, Storden. Born 
 Mar. 4, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Frederickson. 
 Entered the service at the University of Minn., Apr. 8, 
 1918. Later transferred to Camp Jackson. Promoted to 
 the rank of Corporal, Nov. 5, 1918. Was discharged at 
 Camp Jackson, S. C, Feb. S, 1919. 
 
 NORMAN A. FOSS, (6) — Private, Revere. Born Apr. 28, 
 i8g6. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Foss. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 1917, in Co. D, 351st Inf. at Camp 
 Dodge, la., 88th Div. Later transferred to Co. B, 346th 
 Inf., 87th Div, at Camp Pike, Ark., Mar. 25 to Co. M, 
 58th Inf., 4th Div. Sailed from New York for France. 
 Participated in the battles of the St. Mihiel, Vesle and 
 the Meuse-Argonne. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Aug. 15, 1919- 
 
 HANS G. FLADEBO, (7) — Private First Class, Storden. 
 Born in Norway. Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Fladebo. 
 Entered the service Apr. 20, 1918 in the 90th Div. at 
 Camp Travis, Texas. Sailed from N. Y. June 28, 1918. 
 Was promoted to the rank of Private 1st Class Nov. 1, 
 1918. Participated in the St. Mihiel and the Meuse- 
 Argonne. Sailed from France May 30, 1919. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., June 24, 1919. 
 
 JENS FL.-\DEBO, (8) — Private, Storden. Born Nov. 6, 
 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Johan Fladebo. Entered the 
 service July 17, 1917 in Div. Hq. Troops of the Ssth Div. 
 at Camp Austin, Mich. Sailed from N. Y. July 22, lgl8. 
 Transferred to Supply Co. 315th Int., 90th Div. Was m 
 a;-tion on the \'erdun and Meuse-Argonne Fronts. Was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June iS, 1919. 
 
 TORRIS FLADEBO, (p)— Private, Heron Lake. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Johan Fladebo. Entered the service June 
 24, 1918, in Co. 20, i6ist Depot Erg. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 Was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 28, 1918. 
 
 HENRY A. FAST, (in)— Private First Class, Mountain Lake. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Fast. Entered the service 
 
 JOSEPH EDISON FARNHAM, (r6) — Private, Windom. 
 Born July 7, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. J. Farnham. 
 Entered the service Aug. 28, 1918 in the First Co.. ist Bn. 
 Tr. Troops. Was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 
 30, 1919. 
 
 BRUCE GILLIS, (17) — Private, of Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Rev. and Mrs. B. C. Gillis. Entered service^ in the 
 fall of 1918 at the LTniversity of Minnesota in the S. A. T. 
 C. He was the one out of four in the University Sex- 
 tette to get first place. He was discharged about the 
 middle of December, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 HANS GILBERTSON, (18) — Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Born Sept. 25. 1890. Son of Erick and Rande Gilbert- 
 son. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917, in Co. D, 351st Inf., 
 88th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge till Nov. 28, when 
 he was transferred to Camp Cody. 
 
 FLOYD M. GRAHLM.-VN, (19)— N. M. 2d Class A, Windom. 
 Born Dec. 17, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Grahl- 
 man. Entered the service in the U. S. Navy at Great 
 Lakes, 111., Tune 28, 1918. Later transferred to North 
 Island Air .Station, San Diego. Was promoted to the 
 rank of M. M. 2d Class. Discharged at San Diego, Cal,, 
 Mar, 4, 1919. 
 
 AUGUST GIESELMAN, (20)— Private, Dundee. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Gieselman. Entered the service Aug. 
 28 1918 at Camp Grant. 111. Later transferred to Camp 
 Hancock, t^a. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la.. Mar. 
 13, 1919- 
 
STANLEY SLOANE GILLAM, (i)— Second Lieutenant, 
 Windom. Born Nov. 15, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 C. W. Gillam. Entered the service May 20, igiS in the 
 4th Officers' Tr. School, 88th Div., Camp Dodge, la. As- 
 signed to Hq. Co., 163d Depot Brig. Camp Dodge, la. 
 Commissioned 2nd Lieut. Inf. at the close of the 4th Offi- 
 cers' Tr. School. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Sept. 6, 1919. 
 
 BEN GROTTE, (2) — Sergeant. Windom. Born Nov. 8, 
 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. O. P. Grotte. Entered the 
 service Apr. S, 1918 at the U. of Cincinnati. Transferred 
 to Motor School. Camp Jackson, S. C, June 10, 1Q18. 
 Was promoted to the rank of Corp., July 8, 19 18 and 
 to the rank of Sgt. November, 1918. He was an instruct- 
 or in the repair of Artillery. Discharged at Camp Jack- 
 son, Jan. 29, 1919. 
 
 JOHN H. GALE, (3)— Private First Class. Windom. Born 
 Feb. 6, 1893. Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. L. Gale. Entered 
 the service Feb. 12, 1918 in Co. C, 3r4th Field Sig. Bn. 
 89th Div. at Camp Funston, Kans. Sailed for France 
 May 25, 1918. Participated in the battles of the St. 
 Mihiel, Xammes. Meuse-Argonne. Left France Mar. 5, 
 1919. Was discharged at Camp (irant, HI.. April 2, 1919- 
 
 PERCY M. GRAHAM. (4)— Private, Jeffers. Born May 
 14, 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. Graham. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. D. 35ist Inf., 88th Div. 
 at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 25 to Camp Pike, 
 Ark., 87th Div., and June 11, 1918 to Camp Merritt. 
 Later in France to the 58th Inf. Co. K, 4th Div. Sailed 
 from N. Y. for Liverpool. Participated in the battle of 
 the Vesle River. Sailed from France Mar. 26, 1919- Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Apr. 21, 19 19. 
 
 in the Hamline S. A. T. C. Was discharged at Ham- 
 line, January, 1919- 
 
 JACOB F. GOOSSEN, (11)— Battalion Supply Sergeant, 
 Mountain Lake. Born Jan. 3, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Peter Goosen. Entered the service Sept. 21, 19 17 in Co. 
 D, 351st Inf.. SSth Div. at Camp Dodge. la. Later trans- 
 ferred to the 526th Eng. Unattached, at Camp Pike. 
 Sailed for France July 10, 1918. While in France did 
 construction work. Was promoted to the rank of Cor- 
 poral Oct. 16, 1917 and to the rank of Sgt., Dec. 20, 1917- 
 Was discharged at Camp Shelby, Miss., July 16, 1919. 
 
 PETER A. GOOSSEN, (12)— Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 July g, 1885. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Goossen. En- 
 tered the service July 9. 1918 in Hq. Co. of the 36th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Courchesne. Was discharged at Camp 
 Courchesne, June 8, 1919. 
 
 ABRAM A. GOOSSEN, (13) Private, Mountain Lake. 
 
 Born Aug. 11, 1894. Entered the service June 25, 1918, 
 
 in Co. 20, i6ist Dep. Brig, at Camp Grant, 111. Later 
 
 transferred to the 56th Inf. Co., 17th Div. Sailed from 
 
 N. Y. for France via England. Was in action in the 
 
 Puvenelle Sec. Sailed from France, June 16, 1919- 
 Was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 8, 1919- 
 
 HENRY A. GOOSSEN, {14)— Private First Class, Moun- 
 tain Lake. Born Dec. 31, 1891. Entered the service 
 in Co. F, 4th Pioneer Inf. at Camp Wadsworth, Va. 
 Later transferred to the 3rd Pioneer Inf. Sailed 
 from N. Y. for France where he participated in the 
 Meuse-Argonne Drive. Sailed from France July 10, 19 19 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., July 30, 1919- 
 
 SIGUARD J. GUSTAVSON. (5)— Corporal, Windom. Born 
 Aug. 17, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Gustavson. 
 Entered the service Dec. 6, 1917 as a casual of the Sig- 
 nal Corps at Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred to 14th 
 Cas. Co., 2d Reg., A. S. M. at Camp Hancock. Sailed from 
 N. Y. for France. Served in France with the 15th Co. 2d 
 Reg. A. S. M. in the Zone of Advance. This organization 
 experienced some 30 Air Raids . by the German Aero- 
 planes. Was promoted to the rank of Corporal. May 21, 
 1918. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 9, 1919- 
 
 WALTER A. GUSTAVSON, (6)— Sergeant, Forsyth, Mon- 
 tana. Born July 12, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. 
 Gustavson. Entered the service Oct. 3. 1917. in Co. I, 
 362d Inf., 91st Div.. Camp Lewis, Wash. Later trans- 
 ferred to the 4th Div. Sailed for France May 3, 1918. 
 Participated in the Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Vesle River, 
 and Toulan Def. Was promoted to the rank of Corporal 
 June 15, 1918, and to the rank of Sgt., Oct. i, 1918. 
 Sgt. Gustavson was cited twice for bravery shown in the 
 field of action. Was discharged at Ft. Russell, Wyo., 
 Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 ANDREW HEDLAND, (15)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Erick Hedland. Entered the service Dec. i, 1917 
 in the Air Service at Kelly Field, Tex. Later transferred 
 to Post Field, Okla. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Jan. 15, 1919. 
 
 FRANK HENGTGEN, (16)— Wagoner, Storden. Born July 
 29, 18 — , Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Hengtgen. En- 
 tered the service in Co. B, 351st Inf. at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Sept. 21, 19 17. Later transferred to Camp Pike, 
 Ark., 87th Div. Sailed from N. Y. Aug. 24, 1918 and 
 left France Mar. 7, 1919. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., May 7, 1919- 
 
 ALBERT HARDIN, (17) — Private, Mountain Lake. Born 
 in Kentucky. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Bill Hardin. En- 
 tered the service June 24, 1919 in Co. C, i6ist Dep. Brig, 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Later transferred to Niagara Falls 
 in Co. H, 14th Bn. W. S. G. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la.. Jan. 31, 1919- 
 
 RUSSELL D. GOVE, (7)~Private. Windom. Born May 
 I, 1898. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Gove. Entered the 
 service Oct. 23, 19 18 in Co. 13, of the Provisional Re- 
 cruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. He was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 8, 1919- 
 
 LAWRENCE B. GOVE, (8)— Private, Bingham Lake. En- 
 tered the service Oct. 22. 1918 in the 13th Prov. Recruit 
 Co. Rep. Troops, Camp Forrest, Ga. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la.. Jan. 7, 1919- 
 
 GEORGE W. GOVE, (0)— Sergeant, Windom. Born June 
 8, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Gove. Entere'' 
 the service Oct. :6, 191S in the S. A. T. C. at th 
 University of Minnesota. Was discharged at St. Paul, 
 Minn., Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 FORREST L. GOVE, (10)— Private, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. B. W. Gove. Entered the service Oct. 15, 1918, 
 
 EMTL T. HUBERT, (18)— Sergeant. Lamberton. Born July 
 6, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gust Hubert. Entered the 
 service Dec. 10, 1917 in the Aviation 271st Aero Sqdrn. 
 at the Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Later transferred to 
 Camp Custer, Mich., and Feb. 4 to Ellington Field, Tex- 
 as; to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., July 4. 1918. Was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 17, 1919- 
 
 BEN J. HASS, (19)— Private, Dundee. Borri May iS, 1892. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. August Hass. Entered the service 
 Oct. 2V 1918 in Co. A, 387th Inf. at Camp Cody. N. 
 Mex. Wa^ discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 13, 1919- 
 
 EDWARD B. HENGTGEN. (20)— Cook. Storden. Born 
 Sept. 21, 18—. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Hengtgen. 
 Entered the service in Co. G, 342d Inf., 86th Div. at 
 Camp Grant, 111., June 26, 1918. Sailed from N. Y. 
 for France. Left Fraince June 29, 1919- Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., July 10, 1919. - 
 
IfM 
 
ARTHUR E. HOYT, (i)— Corporal, of Westbrook. Born 
 Mar. S. 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Hoyt. Entered 
 the service June 2y, 191S. in Co. B, 331st M. G., 86th 
 Div.. Camp Grant. 111. Transferred Nov. 20. 1918 to 
 J nth Supply Tr. 86th Div. Sailed from New York Sept. 
 9, 1918. Promoted to the rank of Corporal Mar. i, 
 1919. Sailed from France June 2. 1919. Was discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., July 26, 1919- 
 
 JOHN H. HABBESTAD. (2^— Sergeant, of Westbrook. 
 Born Feb. 29, 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Hans Hab- 
 bestad. Entered the service June 10, 1917 in Co. C. 41st 
 Inf., loth Div. at Camp Funston. Transferred to 69th 
 Inf., loth Div., Aug. 10, 191S. Was promoted to the 
 rank of Corporal Sept. i, 191S and to the rank of Sgt., 
 Dec. 2, 1918. Discharged at Camp Funston, Kans., Feb. 
 5, 1919- 
 
 HENRY D. HAMM, (3)— Private First Class, of Mountain 
 Lake. Born Feb. 19, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. David 
 Hamm. Entered the service in Co. D, 351st Inf.. SSth 
 Div. at Camp Dodge, la., Sept. 21. 1917. Transferred 
 Mar. 31, 1919 to Med. Dept. 163d Inf. D. B. and Oct. 
 3, 1918 to Med. Dept. 19th Supply Train, SSth Div. Pro- 
 moted to the rank of Pvt. 1 st Class, March 31, 19 1 8. 
 Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la. 
 
 ALBERT HAGSTROM, (4)— Private First Class, of Wal- 
 nut Grove. Born Dec. 3, 1891. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Ole Hagstrom. Entered the service Mar. 12, igi8 in 
 the Coast Artillery at Ft. McKinlev. Later transferred 
 to Bat. D. C. A. C. Sailed l^r France Aug. 6, 1918. 
 Left there March 15, 1919- Was discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., Apr. 17, 19 19. 
 
 EDWIN C. HEGGERSTOX, (5) — Bugler, of Walnut 
 Grove. Born Apr. 7, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. Eg- 
 gerston. Entered the service May 27, 19 18 in Co. 20. 
 i6fith Dep. Brig, at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to 
 Co. C, 362d Inf. 91st Div. and later to Co. A, 321st Inf. 
 8ist Div. at Camp Upton, N. Y. Sailed for France 
 July 31, 1918. Participated in the battles of the St. 
 Die Sec, Meuse-Argonne. Promoted to the rank of bugler 
 Feb. 6, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la. July 1 1, 
 1919. 
 
 for England. Was gassed at the St. Mihiel Drive, Sept, 
 28, 191S. Participated in the battles of the St. Mihiel 
 and the Meuse-Argonne. Sailed from France Dec. 17, 
 19 iS. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 20, 
 1919. 
 
 CHAS. HUTAIN, (i i)— Corporal, of Heron Lake. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hutain of Heron Lake. Entered 
 the service on July 5, T918 at Columbus Barracks. Later 
 transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga. and again to Camp 
 Custer in the 14th Div., 42d Mg. Gun Bn. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Custer, Jan. 28, 1919- 
 
 JOHN ]\L HOFSTAD. ( 12)— Private, of Storden. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Hofstad of Storden. Entered 
 the service Tuly 24. 19 18 in Co. F, 4th Pioneer Inf., 
 at Camp Wadsworth. Later transferred to 3rd Pioneer 
 Inf. Sailed from the LL S. in 1918. He participated in 
 the battle of the Meuse-Argonne. Sailed from France 
 July II, 1919. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 in 1919. 
 
 WALFRED HERTZOG. (13)— Private First Class, of 
 Mountain Lake. Born June 5, 1889. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 S. T. Hertzog. Entered the service Dec. 14. I9i7 in 
 Battery A, 48th Art. C. A. C. A. E. F. Sailed from 
 Newport News for France. Was promoted to the rank 
 of Private ist Class November, 1918. Sailed from France 
 T^Iarch, 1919. Was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 March 29, 1919- 
 
 JACOB E. HIEBERT, (14)— Private, of Mountain Lake. 
 Born Nov. 17, 1892. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Hiebert. 
 Entered the service Feb. 22, 191S in the Medical Dept. 
 Dep. Brig, at Camp Dodge, la. He was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 30, 1919- 
 
 JOHN A. HEDMAN, (15)— Seaman Second Class, of 
 Storden. Born Aug. 5, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Andrew Hedman. Entered the service July 5, 19 18 in 
 ^52d Reg. 9th at the Great Lakes. Was promoted to the 
 rank of C-Mate 3d Class. Sept. 12, 1918. Was discharged 
 at Great Lakes, 111., Feb. 28, 1919. He was taken sick 
 with the "tlu" and pneumonia and was in the hospital 
 from Sept. 24 until his date of discharge. 
 
 RAY HANSON, (6)— Sailor, of Westbrook. Minn. Born 
 March 21, 1899, son of Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Hanson. 
 Enlisted April 2. 1918 in L'. S. Naval Radio School, in 
 Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.. where he trained 
 and did regular post duty as a sailor in cantonment. We 
 are sorry that we are unable to find out when this man 
 was discharged or where, before the book goes to press. 
 
 ELMER S. L HUFFMAN. (16)— Private, of Storden. Born 
 Apr. 2, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Huffman. 
 Entered the service Sept. 18, 1918, in Co. B, at the Dun- 
 woody Inst., Minneapolis. Was discharged at Minneap- 
 olis, Minn., Dec. 13. igiS. 
 
 DANIEL E. HELDER, (7)— Private First Class, Jeffers. 
 Born Sept. 17, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. D. Helder. 
 Entered the service in 27th Co. C. A. C, May 27, 191 7, 
 at Ft. Caswell. N. C. Later transferred to 62d Reg. C. 
 A. C, Camp Merritt, N. J. Sailed from N. V. Sept. 13, 
 1918 and left there Feb. 13, 1919- Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., March 11, 19 19. 
 
 BARNEY T. HELDER, (8)— Corporal, of Jeffers. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Helder. Entered the service at Jeffer- 
 son Barracks. Mo. in Bat. B. C. A. C. Later trans- 
 ferred to l-'t. Connition, N. H. Sailed for France Sep- 
 tember, 191S. Was promoted to the rank of Pvt. ist Class 
 and later to the rank of Corporul. Was ordered to the 
 front Nov. 10, 19 iS but on account of the armistice, 
 was not needed. Sailed for U. S. February, 1919, with 
 the First Army discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Febru- 
 ary, 1919. 
 
 HANS W. HANSON. (9)— Private, of Storden. Born June 
 16, 1S98. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Flanson. En- 
 tered the service Oct. 24, 1918 in Co. F, 287th Inf., 91SV 
 Div. at Camp Cody. N. Mex. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Dec. 14, 191S. 
 
 HAROLD W. HATCH. ( 10)— Mechanic, of Holland. Born 
 March 14. 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Hatch. 
 Entered the service Feb. 11, 191 8 in Co. K, 354th Inf. 
 at Camp Funston, Kans. Sailed from Montreal, Canada 
 
 LEE L HINKLEY, (17)— Fireman First Class, of Win- 
 dom* Born Sept. 19. 1S91. Entered the U. S. N. Apr. 
 12, 1917. Was on the LT. S. S. Arkansas. Promoted to 
 the rank of 1st Class Fireman. Was discharged at Bos- 
 ton, Mass., Mar. 20, 1919- 
 
 ALFRED J. FIANSON, (18) — Private, of Mountain Lake. 
 Born Aug. 2-j, 1898. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. S. Han- 
 son. Entered the service May 25, 1918 in Troop D. 315th 
 Cal. nth Div. at Ft. Russell, Wyo. Transferred Sept. 7 
 to Camp Knox, West Point, Ky., and then to 71st Field 
 Artillery. Was discharged at Camp Knox, Ky., Feb. 2, 
 
 CORNELIUS HARDER, (19)— Private, of Bingham Lake. 
 Born Feb. 6, 1897. Entered the service Oct. 22,, 1918. m 
 Co. B, 387th Inf.. 97th Div., Camp Cody, N. Mex. Later 
 transferred to Camp Dodge, la. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 RASMUS L HANSON, (20)— Private. Born Apr. 28, 
 1888. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew J. Hanson. Entered 
 the service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. A. 351st Inf., 88th Div. 
 at Camp Dodge. la. Later transferred to Camp Gordon, 
 Ga. Co. I 126th Inf., 82d Div. Sailed from U. S. Apr. 
 29. 1918. Participated in the St. Mihiel Sec. While in 
 France he suffered from a bad case of empyema and was 
 sent back to Camp Dodge. la., and later sent to Ft. Sher- 
 idan for further treatment. 
 
r"„. 
 
NELS O. L. HANSON, (i)— Corporal, son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Louis Hanson. Entered the service April 8, 1918, in 
 Org. Reg. 120 A, 57th Brigade, 32d Div. Trained at Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. Sailed for France July 21, 1918 from New 
 York by way of England. Was engaged in the battles of 
 .'Kvencourt Sector from Sent. 22 to 25. :9!8; at the Meuse- 
 Argonne Offensive from Sept. 26 to Nov. it, igiS. Was 
 promoted to Corporal July 8, 19 18. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 17, 19 19. 
 
 WILLIAM HOHENSTEIN, (2)— Private. Enlisted in the 
 49th Co. 20, Eng. at Washington. D. C. Sailed for France 
 May 22. 191S. Was engaged in building roads and bridges, 
 and with the Forestry Troops. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 24, 1919. 
 
 ERNEST C. HILL, (3) — Corporal, of Westbrook. Minn., 
 son of Aug. and Anna Hill. Entered the service Feb. 
 tS, 1Q18, In. Co. at Ft. Monroe, Va. Later he was trans- 
 ferred to Camp Eustis, Va. Promoted to Corporal Mar. 
 I, 1919, Corp. Hill. Was chauffeur for Major Gen. Hay- 
 good, Brigadier Generals Sutherland and Chamberlain. 
 Was discharged at Camp Eustis, Va., June 3, 1919. 
 
 EMIL HANSON, (4) — Private. Entered the service Sept. 
 21, 1917, in Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Transferred to Co. I, 345th Inf., 87th Div., then 
 to U. S. Guards, Co. A, 41st Bn. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., June 8, 1919. 
 
 DAVID HARDER. (5)— Private, son of Peter Harder. 
 Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf., 
 8Sth Die, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co'. F, 
 326th Inf.. 82d Div., Camp Gordon, Ga. Sailed for 
 France April 4, 1918. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, May 21, 19 19. 
 
 JOHN HIEBERT, (61— Saddler. Son of Claus and Anna 
 Hiebert. Entered the service Feb. 22. 1918, in Co. F., 
 313th Inf. 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Sailed from 
 New York for France Aug. 17, 1918. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 11, 1919. 
 
 from Hoboken for France by way of England June 8, 
 1918, was wounded in the battle of Chateau-Thierry, Aug. 
 8, 1918. Was discharged at Fort Snelling, Feb. 27, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE A. JOHNSON, (12)— Sergeant. Enlisted July 
 30, 1917 in Case Hospital 94 at Camp Cody. Sailed from 
 New ^'ork for France by way of Liverpool. After the 
 armistice Sergeant Johnson spent some time in Germany 
 looking after the distribution of food. Was promoted to 
 Sergeant Dec. 31, igi8 and was discharged at Camp Dodge. 
 Sept. 13, 1919- 
 
 ARTHUR II.'\NSON, (13) — Private. Entered the service 
 Feb. 18, 1918 in Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Transferred 
 to Camp Eustis, Va. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 
 24, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR HENRY HOLCK. ( 14)— Private. Entered the 
 service Sept. 19, 1918 at Windom, and sent to Camp Mc- 
 Arthur in Co. E, nth Bn. Inf. Replacement Troops. 
 Transferred to Camp Merrit and on Nov. 1 1 went on 
 board the Transport Cedrick for overseas, but owing to 
 the signing of the armistice was taken off the next day, and 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 IS.\.\C P. II.XRDER, (15I — Private First Class. Son of 
 Peter and Mary Harder. Entered the service Oct. 14. 
 191- in Co. B. 2Sth Eng. at Camp Devens, Mass. Sailed 
 from New York for France Oct. 28, 1917. Returned from 
 France May 14, 1919, after having seen service in the 
 Argonne Offensive, and was discharged at Camp Russell, 
 June 4, 1919. 
 
 ROY M. HAYNES. (16) — Private. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21, 1917 at Windom, Minn., and sent to Camp Dodge 
 in Co. A, 351st Inf.. 88th Div. Transferred April is, 
 191S, to Co. H. 326th Inf., 82d Div. Sailed from Ho- 
 boken for France by the way of England. Was engaged 
 in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and was wounded Oct. 
 II, 19 18, in the Argonne Battle. Returned from France 
 April II, 1919, and was discharged at Camp Grant, III., 
 May 16, 1919. 
 
 CLAUS K. HIEBERT, (7)— Private. Son of Claus and 
 Anna Hiebert. Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917, in 
 Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Sailed 
 from New York, .\ug. 16, 191S, bound for France. Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 
 
 GUSTAVE HENDERSON, (17)— Private First Class. En- 
 tered the service May 25, 1918 in Co. E, 362d Reg., 91st 
 Div., Camp Lewis. Sailed for France July 6, 1918. Was 
 engaged in the Meuse-Argonne and St. Mihiel and in 
 Scheldt, Belgium. • from Sept. ii, to 13, 1918. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., April 28, 1919. 
 
 CLINTON HYDE, (8)— Private First Class. Son of Samuel 
 and Nellie Hyde. Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917 in 
 Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
 ferred Nov. 27, 1917 to Co. D, 346th Inf., 32d Div., Camp 
 Pike. Sailed for Le Havre, l-'rance, June 20, 1918. 
 Partook in the .Soissons, Verdun and Argonne Drives. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge. May 19, 1919. 
 
 RAY HYDE, (9) — Private, of Bingham Lake, Minn. .Son 
 of S. P. Hyde. Entered service May 29, 1918, in Co. 
 G, 362d Inf., 91st Div. Trained at Camp Lewis. Sailed 
 for France by way of Liverpool. Participated in the St. 
 Mihiel and Argonne drives. Was wounded in the Argonne 
 Oct. II, igi8. Discharged at Camp Grant, March .31, 
 1919. 
 
 VICTOR H.\NSON, (10)— Sergeant, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Jens Hanson. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in 
 Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Pro- 
 moted to Corporal Oct. 24, 1917 and to Sergeant Apr. 25, 
 191S. Sailed for France by way of Camp Mills, N. Y., 
 May 21, 1918. Saw service in the Center Haute Alsace 
 Drive and the Meuse-Argonne Drive. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., June 6, 1919. 
 
 ADOLPH HALVORSEN, (i i)— Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lars Halvorsen. Entered the service Sept. 21, 1919 
 in Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Cam;i Dodge. Later 
 he was transferred to Co. L, 47th Inf., 4th Div. Sailed 
 
 JAMES A. HANSON, (18)— Private First Class, of West- 
 brook, Minn. Son of Geo. A. Hanson. Entered service 
 Aug. 14, 1918 in Co. E, Motor Transport School, 1. C. 
 of C, Indianapolis, Ind. Transferred to Medical Dept., 
 Oct 14. 1918 at Camp Crane at Allentown, Pa. Sailed 
 from Hoboken, N. Y. for France via England, Nov. 1.3, 
 1918. Was with the U. S. Army Ambulance Service with 
 the French Army. Had duties of Section Clerk and later 
 Headquarters Clerk at Base Camp, U. S. A. A. S. located 
 at I'-errieres-en-Gatinais in the Department of Loiret. 
 Discharged at Camp Dix June 26, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE E. HARPER. (19)— Private First Class, of Win- 
 dom, Minn. Son of Arthur Harper. Entered the service 
 Feb. 22, 1918, in Co. E, 350th Infantry, 88th Div. Trained 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, five weeks then transferred to 
 Camp Devens, Mass., to Co. F, 33d Ensineers. Sailed 
 from Hoboken June 30. 1918 for Brest, France and re- 
 turned from France May 20, 1919- Mr. Harper was on 
 duty at Brest, France on construction of barracks all the 
 time while in France. Was discharged at Camp Dodge 
 June 14, 1919. 
 
 FRANK HEIER, (20)— Private. Son of Andrew and Anna 
 Heier. Entered the service May 26, 1918, Windom. iVIinn., 
 and was sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., in Hq. Co. in June, 
 191S. He was transferred to 91st Div. on July 6, I9I». 
 Sailed for France by way of England. Participated in 
 the battles of St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys Sheldt, 
 Belgium, from Sept. 11, 1918 to Nov. 11, 1918. Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, about May i, 1919- 
 

TOHN' D. HErPNER, (i)— Private, of Mountain Lake 
 ■ Born Mar. 26. 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Deidndi 
 Ht'ppner. Entered the service Apr. 29, tgiS in Co. K, 
 34Qtli Inf., at Camp Dodge. la. Later transferred to 
 tlie remount depot at Camp Dodge. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., April 22, 1919. 
 
 THOMAS J. HULES, (2)— Private, of Windom. Born in 
 Greece. Entered tlie service .Tune 15 in Co. B, ist Re- 
 placement Depot at Washin.aton Barracks. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 27, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM ROBERT HILL, (3)— Private, of Westbrook. 
 Born Apr. 17, 1894. Son of Mr. and Mrs. .Tohn Hill. 
 Entered the service Tune 27, 1917 in the U. S. Navy at 
 Great Lakes, III. Transferred to the U. S. S. Arkansas 
 .\'ov. 2.S, 1917. Did patrol duty in the Xorth Sea with 
 the Grand Fleet. Was present at the surrender of the 
 German Fleet, Nov. 20, 1918. Was discharged at Norfolk, 
 Va., Jan. 31, 1919. 
 
 JOHN M. HANSON, (4') — Radio Operator, of Storden. Born 
 Dec. 19, 1890. Son of Mrs. Celia Hanson. Entered the 
 service Tan. 25, 1918 in Co. C, gth Field Sig. Bn. 5th 
 Div. at" Leon Springs, Texas. Sailed for France from 
 N. Y. Participated in the battles at the Aroned Sec. St. 
 Die, St. Mihiel and the Argonne-Woods. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Aug. 4, 1919. 
 
 DR. G. J. HIEBERT, (s)— First Lieutenant D. C. of Moun- 
 tain Lake. Born Sept. 26, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 J. G. Hiebert. Entered the service Dec. 17, 1917 in 
 Med. Dept. 56th P. I. at Camr> Wadsworth, S. C. Pro- 
 moted to the rank of 2d Lieut. Dental Corps. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Wadsworth, Dec. 20, 1919. 
 
 from New York Sept. 9, 1918. Returned March 16, 
 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
 14, 1919. 
 
 A. O. IVERSOX, (12) — Private, Westbrook. Son of .An- 
 drew Iverson. Entered the service from Cotton\?ood 
 County, Oct. 23, 1918 and sent to Camp Cody in Casual 
 Co. 13. Discharged from Camp Cody, Dec. 14, i9>8. 
 
 HANS JENSEN. (13)— Private, of Storden, Minn. Soil 
 of Soren and Inga Jensen. Entered service March 3, 1918 
 in Co. 16 at Jefferson Barracks where he trained a fort- 
 night and was transferred to Kelly Field, Texas, later 
 to jersey City, N. L, where he was assigned to 8.S2d 
 Repair Squadron, so"on going to Manchester, England. 
 Nov. 29, 19 18 left for the States and was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 30, 1918. 
 
 I.V F J\N'ZE\ (14) — Private, of Freeman, S. Dak. 
 o'rn Oct. 16, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs J. J. Jaiizen. 
 ntered service Aug. 14, 1918 in Co. E, I. C. of C. 1 rain- 
 
 JOH.-- 
 Born 
 
 ine Detachment No. 2, Indianapolis, Ind.. where he tramed 
 and took up auto mechanics and truck driving till dis- 
 charged, being discharged I. C. of C, T. D. No. 2, In- 
 dianapolis, Ind., Dec. 9, 1918. 
 
 ANDERS JOHNSON, (15)— Private, of Wmdom, Minn. 
 Born June 25, 1900. Son of Mr. and Mrs. .Take John- 
 son. Entered service at Redwood Falls, July 16, 1917 m 
 Co L, 136th Infantry, 34th Division at Camp Cody, 
 where he trained. This young American went into ser- 
 vice at the aee of seventeen at the call of patriotism and 
 served till March 19. 1918 at Camp Cody, where hewas 
 discharged, because of being too young for legal military 
 duty. 
 
 FRED W. HALTER, (6) — Private of Sanborn. Born June 
 23, 1895. Entered the service Sept. 23, 1917 in Remount 
 Depot. Camp Cody, N. Mex., 34th Div. Was discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., .-Xpr. 22, 1919. 
 
 HE.XRY A. I\'1;RS0N, (7) — Private, of Lamberton. Hus- 
 band of Mrs. Henry A. Iverson. Entered the service 
 on Aug. 9, 1918 at Camp McArthur. Later transferred 
 to Camp Merritt, N. J. Went overseas and spent eleven 
 days in the lines, returning to the States in 1919, and 
 received honorable discharge. 
 
 ARTHUR E. IX'ERSON, (8) — Private, of Windom. Born 
 Oct. s, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Iverson. 
 Entered the service June 25, 1917 in Co. F, 136th Inf., 
 Camp Cody, N. Mex. Later transferred to Battery C, 
 322d F. A. Sailed for France June 27. 1918. Was in 
 the Army of Occupation for five months. Sailed from 
 France May 7, 1919. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., May 27, 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE A. IVES, (9) — Private, of Mountain Lake. 
 Born Oct. 4, 1888. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ives. 
 Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. A, 351st Inf. 
 at Camp Dodge, la. Later transferred to Camp Pike, Ark. 
 Co. D, 346th Inf., 87th Div. Sailed for France Aug. 
 24. 1918. Was promoted to tlie rank of Corporal Oct. 
 22, 1917, and to the rank of Sgt., Jan. 10, 1918. Sailed 
 from France .\or. 16, 1919, and was discharged at Camp 
 Grant. 111., May 7, 1919- 
 
 FORREST R. IMMER, do) — Private, of Jeffers. Born 
 July 18, 1899. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Iramer. En. 
 "tered the service at the University of Minnesota, ist Co., 
 2d Reg. Was discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 11, 
 J918. 
 
 HANS TENSON, (16)— Corporal, of Storden Son of Nels 
 and Marie Tenson. Entered the service at Windoni. Minn., 
 Sept. 18. 1917 in Co. K. .35th Inf.. 34th Div. and trained 
 at Camp Cody. Sailed for France Oct. 12 191B. Re- 
 turned Oct. 28, .919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, Nov. 
 4, 1919- 
 
 AXFL T TENSON, (17)— Private, of Storden. Entered 
 'the service from Cottonwood County May 27.. 1918 in 
 26th Co., i66th Depot Brigade at Camp Lewis Wash. 
 Transferred to 40th Div. and then to Co. A 308th Inf 
 77t1i Div. Sailed to France Aug. 9, -9.8. Was engaged 
 in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and was 
 wounded Oct. i, 19.8. Returned April .9, 1919 and 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge, May 18, 1919- 
 
 CTT RFRT M TOHNSON, (18)— Private, of Lamberton. 
 Son of Gunder" O. Tohnson. Entered the service Sept 21 
 9,7 at Windom, Minn. Was sent to Camp Dodge After 
 some time there he was transferred to Camp Pike to M. G. 
 Co No sS Co. F. He sailed from Hoboken for France 
 bv' wa^ of London. Mr. Johnson participated in the 
 Toul Sector Sept. 6 to 11, 18 and St. Mihiel, and the 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensives, and was with the Army ot 
 Occupation for some time. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Aug. 8, 1919- 
 
 T\COB C TACOBSON, (19)— Sergeant, of Windom, Mmn. 
 Son of Mrs. Lottie Tacobson. Entered the service 
 
 Nov 10. 1917 and was sent to Camp Ft. Sam Houston for 
 training. Was in M. R. S. 304, then was transferred to 
 M R. S. 303, Meigs, Washington, D. C. Sailed foi 
 France Tan. 17, 1918 and participated in the battle ot 
 Chateau-Thierry. Was promoted to Corporal Au.g. 12, 
 1918, and Sergeant Sept. 20, 1918. Returned from France 
 June 10 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
 27, 1919- 
 
 JOHN IBELINGS, (11) — Private, of Mt. Lake. Son of 
 Ibeling and Catherine Ibelings. Entered the service at 
 Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Grant, 111. June 
 25, 1918 in Co. 20. Depot Brigade. Transferred to 86th 
 Div. and then to C. D. 148th Inf., 37th Division. Sailed 
 
 SIDNEY JOHNSTON, (20)— Private, of Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tohn Johnston, Windom, Minn. Entered 
 the service Sent". 4. I9i8 and was sent to Cainp Grant, 
 111. He was in Co. 23, i6ist Depot Brigade and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant Dec. 18, 1918. 
 

 ■" il - 
 
GRANT JACOBSON, (i) — Private, of Wiiidom, Minn. 
 Son of John and Mathilda Jacobson. Entered service 
 Dec. 14, 1917 in Trnck Co. No. 4, 23d U. S. Engineers. 
 Transferred to Camp Mead, Md., Dec. 21, to Humphries, 
 Va. Tan. 22, 1918, to Camp Merrit May i8th, and left 
 for Brest, France, June 10th, by way of Hoboken. He 
 participated in the St. Mihiel, Argonne and Meuse Offen- 
 sives and fortunately was not wounded. He was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 19, 1919. 
 
 ARNOLD JOIIN.SON. (2) — Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. James Johnson. Entered Sept. 12, 
 1 918. Trained at Fort Snelling and was transferred Dec. 
 I, 1918 to 163d Depot Brg., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Dis- 
 charged Dec. 23, 1918 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 JACOB E. TANZEN, (3) — Private, of Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 Son of 'Mr. and Mrs. John Janzen. Entered service 
 May 25, 1918 in Depot Brigade, Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 Transferred July 12, 1918 to Co. I, 158th Inf. 40th Div. 
 Camp Kerney. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 
 1919. 
 
 HENRY F. JUNGAS, (11) — Private, of Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of John Jungas. Entered the service Aug. 
 14, 1918 in Headquarters Co. as trombonist at Minneap- 
 olis, Minn. Transferred Oct. 15. 1918 to Purdue Uni- 
 versity as truck driver. Was acting sergeant at Purdue 
 and Clerk of Co. B, Section B, Truck Masters. Dis- 
 charged at Lafayette, Maryland, Dec. 13, 1918. 
 
 HELMER E. TACOBSON, (12)— Sergeant, of W indom, 
 Minn son of Mr. and Mrs. John Jacobson. Enlisted July 
 5 1917, in Co. F, 136th Inf., 34th Div. at Camp Cody. 
 Transferred Nov. 10, 1918 to Co. I, 144th Inf., 36th Div. 
 and again transferred to Co. B. of the same organization. 
 Sailed for France Oct. 13, 1918. Feb. 2, 1919 was 
 transferred to the American Military Mission at Lerlin 
 Germany. He was made Corporal Aug. 5, 1917.. and 
 Sergeant July I, 1918. The American Military Mission 
 werJ the only Allied Troops that advanced as far as Berlin. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge Oct. 20, 1919. 
 
 HTALMER JOHNSON, (13)— Private, of Windom, Miiin. 
 'Son of MV. and Mrs. Martin Johnson. Entered service 
 May '' 1918 in Co. 22. Went to Camp Lewis and a tew 
 days later was discharged on account of physical disa- 
 bility. 
 
 EDWARD A. JENZEN, (4)— Corporal, of Sanborn, Minn. 
 Son of Mrs. Rosa Tenzen. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 
 in Co. F, 351st 'Inf., SSth Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Trained at Camp Dodge and Camp Pike. Transferred to 
 Co. I, 346th Inf., 87th Div., Camp Pike, Ark., and again 
 transferred to Military Special Co., ist Depot Div. and 
 again to the Q. M. C. Sailed from Hoboken for France 
 vTa Liverpool, Eng. (no date given) and returned from 
 France June 18, 1919. Discharged at Camp Lee July 6, 
 1919. 
 
 JENS KJELDSEN, (14)— Pr.va e, of Windom, Minn. Er^ 
 tered service Sept. 21, 1917 m Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th 
 DW Received training at Camp Dodge, la. Sailed from 
 Camp Mills, N. Y. August 7, 1918, for France via Liver- 
 pool England. Spent seven weeks in the Alsace Lo™"^ 
 Sector aSd two days in the Argonne. Sailed fronr France 
 May 30, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 June 6, 1919. 
 
 LEE H. JOHNSON, (5) — Sergeant, of Windom, Minn., son 
 of Andrew M. Johnson. Entered service May 3, 1918 in 
 Co. A, 303d Bn. Tank Corps. Trained at Gettysburg, Pa. 
 Sailed from Philadelphia. Pa. Aug. 13, 1918 for Liverpool, 
 Eng. Transferred Oct. 28, 1918 to Co. A, 306th Bn. Tank 
 Corps. Trained at Wareham, England. Promoted to 
 rank of Sergeant July 15, 1918. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., April 11, 1919. 
 
 HFNRY T KLEIN (15)— Baker First Class, of Mountain 
 lake Minn Son o Herman G. Klein. EnUsted May 2 
 ,9,8 fnd received training at Dunwoody Naval School 
 a? Minneapolis, Minn Transferred Sept. 6, J9^S t° 
 Norfolk Va., and on Sept. i6th to U. S. b. Washing 
 on P omoted to first class August I,.. 919. Made two 
 rips across during the war and nine trips after the war 
 was over. Four of these trips were with President Wil- 
 Ton and one with the King of Belgium. Was dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis, Minn., October 7. 1919- 
 
 JOHN ALFRED JANZEN, (6)— Ensign, Mountain Lake, 
 Minn., son of Abram Janzen. Entered service Aug. 17, 
 1918, in the LI. S. Naval Reserve. Transferred Sept. 15, 
 1918 to Receiving Ship Cleveland and Oct. 30, 1918 to 
 Municipal Pier, Chicago, wdiere he received training. 
 Transferred Nov. 30, 1918, to Pelham Bay, New York. 
 Promoted to rank of First Class Quartermaster Dec. 2, 
 1918 and to Ensign Feb. 1, 1919. Discharged at South and 
 White Hall, New York April 8, 1919. 
 
 Wit LI \M A. KAEHLER, ( 16)— Private, of Sanborn, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Kaehler. Received training 
 at Camp Dodge in Co. E, 313th Ammuniti.^i Train 
 Transferred Tune 7. 19-8 to Fort Robmson, Neb., and 
 later to Rock Island, Illinois Was there assigned to 
 guard duty. Was again transferred to Camp Cody No- 
 vember 8, 1918 and was discharged there November 27, 
 1918. 
 
 ROBERT JENNESS, (7)— Sergeant, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of John E. Jenness. Entered the service June 4, 
 1917, in Co. M, First Minn. Reg. Trained at Ft. Snell- 
 ing and on Oct. 15, 1917 was transferred to Camp Cody, 
 135th Div. and again after going to France to Co. I-', 
 59th Inf. 4th Div. and later to Co. A of the same outfit. 
 Served in the Army of Occupation from Nov. 11, 1918 
 till Tuly 15, 1919 and sailed from France July 24, 1919. 
 And' he was discharged at Camp Dodge, Aug. 8, 1919. 
 
 AXEL J.VCOBSON, (8) — Private, of I^amberton, Minn. Son 
 of Andrew Jacobson. Entered service in the summer of 
 1918. Trained at Camp Lewis, Washington. (No date or 
 jilace of his discharge from the .\rmy was given.) 
 
 FINER C. JACOBSON, (9)— Private First Class, of Win- 
 dom, Minn., son of Jacob and Randi Jacobson. Entered 
 the service Tune 25, 191S, in Co. E, 341st InL, 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred Dec. 18, 1918 to First 
 G. H. Q. Sailed for France Sept. 9, 1918 by way of 
 Liverpool, Eng. Was with the Army of (Occupation until 
 Tune 9, 1919. when he returned from F'rance June 27, 
 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, July 16, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR J. KXUTSON, (i;)— Private of Westbrook, 
 Minn. Entered the service June 4.^i9>8 in Headquarters 
 Co 74th C A. C. Trained at Fort Schuyler, N. Y. 
 Sailed from Hoboken, N. Y. for France in September, 19 18. 
 Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., January 9, 1919. 
 
 of Mountain 
 
 GERHARD G. KLIEWER, (18)— Private, 
 
 Lake Minn. Son of Gerhard Kliewer. Entered service 
 
 September 4. 1918 in Co. ::}. DepoJ Brigade. 
 
 Camp Grant, III. Dis 
 12, 191S. 
 
 Trained at 
 charged at' Camp "Grant December 
 
 FRED C. KRIEDEM.AN, (19)— Private, of Jefters, Mmn. 
 Son of Fred Kriedeman. Entered service July 23. 19 1», 
 in Co. F, 4th Pioneer Inf., 3d Ammunition Park Reg. 
 Trained at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred from 
 4th Pioneers to 3rd Pioneer InL August 3, 1918. Sailed 
 from Newport News, Va., August 30. 1918 for Brest, 
 France. Saw service in the Meuse-Argonne from bep- 
 tember 26 to November 11, 1918. Was wounded in the 
 Meuse-Argonne October 23, 1918. Sailed from France 
 July 12, i''9i9 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., July 
 31. 1919. 
 
 DAVID W. JANZEN, (10) — Private, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 Son of David and Agnes Janzen. Entered service May 
 21, 1918 in the 26th Co. Depot Brigade, Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Transferred Aug. 26, 1918 to Base Hospital, Camp 
 Lewis, Wash. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Feb. 8, 1919. 
 
 PETER A KL.AASSEN, (20)— Private, Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Peter C. Klaassen. Entered service Aug- 
 ust 28, 1918 in Co. 8, Depot Brigade. Transferred a little 
 later to Salvage Division. Was discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111.. May 6, 1919. 
 
DELBERT C. KIBBEV. (O— Private First Class, of Wm- 
 dom. Minn. Son of Orrin C. Kibbey. Enlisted April 
 i6, 1917 in Co. G, ist Minn. Inf. Trained at Ft. Snell- 
 ing. Transferred Aug. 5» I9'i7 to 135th U. S. Inf. 34tb 
 Div. Discharged Mar. 17. 1918 at Camp Cody. 
 
 GERHARD D. KUPKER. (ii)— Private, of Jeflfers, Minn. 
 Son of G. Kupker. Entered service Aug. 28, 1918 in 
 8th Co. Depot Brigade and received training at Camp 
 Grant, 111. Transferred Sept. 15, 1918 to Infantry Re- 
 placement at Camp Grant. Received his discharge Jan. 6, 
 1919. 
 
 LESTER T. KLOCK, (2)— Private First Class, of Windom. 
 Minn. Son of E. H. Klock. Entered service June 28. 
 1917 in Co. B, 309th F. S. B. 84th Div. Trained at 
 Camp Taylor. Sailed from New York Sept. 9. 1918 for 
 France. Was at the front ready for the attack on Metz 
 when the armistice was signed. Received his discharge 
 at Camp Dodge, la., July 11, 1919- 
 
 ORVILLE KNUTSON, fi2) — Private, of Lamberton, Minn. 
 Son of Charles Knutson. Entered service June 25, igi8 
 in Hcj. Co., 342d Infantry, 86th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Grant, 111. Promoted to rank of cook Feb. 13, 1919. 
 Sailed from Hoboken, N. J. Sept. 9, 19 19 for France. 
 Was stationed at Camp Lemans, France. Left France 
 July 2, 1919, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, July 
 21, 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE O. KXUDSON. (3)— Gunner's Mate, of West^ 
 brook, Minn. Son of Erick Knudson. Entered service 
 July 30, 191 7 in Co. 49. Trained at Norfolk, \'a. 
 Transferred Dec. 23, 19 17 to U. S. S. Mississippi. Re- 
 ceived his discharge at Minneapolis, Minn., June 23, 1919. 
 
 JOHN H. KLIEWER. ( 13)— Private, of Mountain Lake, 
 Minn., son of John J. Kliewer. Entered service Sept. 21, 
 19 1 7 in Co. B, 351 St Inf., 88th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. S, 1917 to Q. M. C. Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, June 5. 1919. 
 
 FRANK W. KILGORE, (4)— Wagoner of Windom, Minn. 
 Entered service Aug. 15. 1918 in Co. I, 2d Regiment. 
 Trained at University of Minnesota. Transferred Oct. 15, 
 191S to E. V. ^\. C. 62. Promoted to wagoner .^.pri! 4. 
 1919. Sailed from Hoboken, N. J. for France Nov. 13, 
 1919. Received discharge at Camp Grant, jMay 13, 1919. 
 
 JOHN D. KELLER, ( 14)— Private, of Bingham Lake. Son 
 of Adam Keller. Entered service Oct. 23. 19 18 in Co. 
 C, 378th Inf., 97th Div. Received training at Camp Cody. 
 No date given as to when he was discharged. 
 
 PAUL C. KOOB, (5)— Private, of Windom, Minn. Son of 
 Charles Koob. Entered service Oct. 7, 19 18 in Co. i, 
 2d Regiment at the University of ^Minnesota. Discharged 
 at Minneapolis Dec. 11, 1918. 
 
 WILLIAM KREVKES, (15)— Private, of Storden, Minn. 
 Son of I. FI. Kreykes. Went into service Aug. 17, 19 iS 
 in Co. 12 Sqdn. i Prov. Reg. A. S. A. P. Spruce L)iv. 
 Was trained at \'ancouver Barracks, Wash., where he re- 
 ceived his discharge Dec. 16, 1918. 
 
 WILLIE C. KAROW, (6)— Private, of Sanborn, Minn. 
 Son of Julius Karow. Entered service Oct. 22, 1918 in 
 Co. F, 3S7th Inf., 97th Div. Received training at Camp 
 Cody. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, Dec. 13, 1918. 
 
 CONRAD KRAFT, (7)— Private First Class of Oilman. III. 
 Son of John J. Kraft. Entered service June 24, 191S 
 in Co. E, 331st Field Artillery, Blackha'wk 86th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Grant and Camp Robinson. Trans- 
 ferred to Camp Mills, Long Island, N. Y. Sept. 17, 191S 
 where he left for France via Liverpool, England. Sailed 
 from France Jan. 18, 1919 and received discharge at 
 Camp Dodge, Feb. 18, 19 19. 
 
 WILLIAM M. KNUTSON, (16)— Private, of Westbrook. 
 Son of Erick Knutson. Went into the service June i. 
 1918 in 37th Co. C. A. C. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Trained 
 at Ft. Totten, N. Y. Transferred Aug. 24, 19 18 to 74th 
 C. A. C. Band, Fort Schuyler, N. Y. Sailed from Hobo- 
 ken. N. J. Sept. 23, 1918 to France. Served with the 
 A. E. F. from Sept. 23, 1918 to Dec. 13, 1918, when he 
 returned to Camp Dodge and was discharged Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE E. KILGORE, ( 17)— Private, of Windom. Son 
 of A. E. Kilgore. Went into the service July 6. 1918 in 
 the Coast Artillery and received training at Ft. Wil- 
 liams. Transferred August, 1919 to 5 Anti--\ircraft. Left 
 Camp Merritt for overseas duty and was half way across 
 when the armistice was signed and then returned. Was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Dec. 6, 19 18. 
 
 FRED C. KAROW. (8)— Private of Jeffers, Minn. Son of 
 Henry Karow. Entered service Feb. 22, 1918 in Co. E, 
 350th Infantry Reg. Received training at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Transferred May 5, 1918 to 3d Div. in South Caro- 
 lina. Sailed from New York May 11, 19 18 for France 
 via Liverpool, England. Served in the transport troops. 
 Sailed from France Mar. 16, 19 19 and received discharge 
 at Camp Dodge April 10, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM B. KELLEHER, (18)— Private, of Windom. 
 Son of Dennis Kelleher. Went into service Oct. 23. 19 18 
 in Co. B, 388th Inf., 97th Div. Trained at Camp Cody. 
 N. Mex. Transferred to Co. i. Ordnance Dept., Fort 
 Wingate, N. Mex., where he was discharged ]\Iay 7, 1919. 
 
 EARL M. KELLER. (9)— Private, of Bingham Lake, Minn. 
 Son of Adam Keller. Served with the Medical Detach- 
 ment at Camp Cody where he received training. Was 
 discharged at Ft. Bayard, N. Mex. 
 
 ALBERT A. KELLER, (19)— Private, of Bingham Lake. 
 Son of Adam Keller. Went into the service Sept. 21. 
 19 1 7 in Medical Detachment 351st Inf. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge. la. Served across and returned IVIay 20, 19 19 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, June 6, 1919. 
 
 JOHN FL KRETTZ. (10)— Mechanic, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of David Kreitz. Enlisted April :6. 1917. in Co. F, 
 135th Reg. 34th Div. Received training at Camp Codv 
 and Ft. Snelling. Transferred Nov. 15, igi8 to 8th Armv 
 Corps, Headquarters Troops. Sailed from New York 
 June 18. 1918 for Le Havre, France via Liverpool, Eng- 
 land. Was not engaged in any active fighting. Sailed 
 from Brest, June 12. igig and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 25. 1919. 
 
 CHRIS A. KAIHOI, {29)— Corporal, of Storden. Son of 
 Mrs. Anna Kaihoi. Went into service May 27. 19 18 in 
 Co. 26, 1 66th Depot Brigade. Trained at Camp Lewis. 
 Was transferred to 91st Div. and later to 8ist Div., Camp 
 Mills. Sailed from Hoboken Aug. 8. 1918 for France. 
 Participated in the Marinville and Verdun engagements. 
 Sailed from France May 27. 1919 and was discharged at 
 Camp Grant, June 17, 19 19. 
 
HOLDEN LIEM, (i)— Corporal, Bingham Lake. Son o£ 
 Chas. A. Liem. Entered the service Apr. 8, 191 8, in 
 Cincinnati Training School, Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred 
 June 15. 191S in Battery C, 4th Bn. Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 Transferred July 15, 1918 to Co. E, 3rd Corps Art. Rk. 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Sailed from Newport News, Aug. 
 28, 1918 for France. Participated in the Meuse-Argonne 
 Offensive. Sailed from France, June 26, igig and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, July 15, 1919. 
 
 MARK T. LANE, (2)— Sergeant, Windom. Son of Enoch 
 Lane. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf., 
 SSth Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Sailed from New York, 
 Aug. 15, 1918 for France via Liverpool, England. Pro- 
 moted to Corporal Oct. 26, 19 17 and to Sergeant, Nov. 
 27, 1917. Participated in the Center Sector Haute Alsace 
 and Argonne Woods. Sailed from France May 20, 1919 
 and discharged at Camp Dodge, June 6. 19 19. 
 
 LEO L. LUXD, (3) — Xo record could be obtained of Mr. 
 Lund's service up to the time of going to press, but he 
 saw service in France and regret we cannot record his 
 record here. 
 
 ARTHUR LEHNHOFF, (11)— Private, Storden. Son of 
 Nicklos LehnhofF. Entered service June 15, 1918 in Bat- 
 tery A, 40th Field Artillery, 14th Div. Trained at St. 
 Paul at the U. of M. Transferred Aug. 13, igi8 to 
 Camp Custer, Mich. Received discharge at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Feb. 7, 1919- 
 
 CHRIS LOHSE, (12)— Wagoner, Westbrook. Son of John 
 Lohse. Entered service Feb. 22, 1918 in Battery A, 339th 
 F. A., SSth Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Mar. 
 25, 1918 to 43d Rd., Eng., Oct. 15 to Co. 49, 20th Enf. 
 Promoted to wagoner Nov. i, rgi8. Sailed from New York 
 May 22, 19 iS for Brest. France. Sailed from France, 
 June 7, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, June 
 24, 1919. 
 
 LEO LOOF, (13)— Private, Mt. Lake. Son of John Loof. 
 Entered service June 24; igiS in Battery E, 331st Field 
 Artillery, S6th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson. Sailed 
 from New York, Sept. 15, iqi8 for France via England. 
 While there was transferred to Co. M, 7th Inf., 3d Div., 
 Camp Anderach, Germany. Sailed from France Aug. 15, 
 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Aug. 31, 1919. 
 
 BERNARD M. LUXD, (4)— Corporal. Heron Lake. Son 
 of Olaf Lund. Enlisted at Mankato Dec. 1 1, 191 7 in 
 the Air Service Squadron. Trained at Battle Creek, 
 Mich. Transferred to 274th Aero Squadron, Talljfcro 
 Field No. 2, Everment, Texas, and later to 379the Aero 
 Squadron, Carruthers Field, Fort Worth, Texas. Re- 
 ceived his discharge at Camp Dodge, Mar. 29, 1919. 
 
 ANTON M. LEXHOFF, (u)— Cook, Windom. Son of 
 Nichols Lenhoff. Entered service Sept. ig, 1917 in Co. 
 B, 351st Inf., SSth Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred 
 Nov. 15. 1917 to Co. E, 313th Ammunition Train. SSth 
 Div. Sailed from Hoboken Aug. 17, 191S for France via 
 England. Sailed from France May 20, 1919 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, June 11, 1919. 
 
 MARTIN O. LOKKEN, {5)— Corporal, Windom. Son of 
 August Lokken. Enlisted July 15, 1917 in the 2d Minne- 
 sota Infantry in Co. F, at Worthington, Minn. Was trans- 
 ferred to 136th Inf. 34th Div. and later to Co. B, 308th 
 Inf., 77 th Div. Received training at Camp Cody, X. 
 Mex. He sailed for France the forepart of 19 18 and 
 participated in the Alsace-Lorraine, Vesle, Aisne and the 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensives, and was with the Famous Lost 
 Battalion. Corporal Lokken returned to the States April 
 2n, 19 19 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa in 
 May, 1919. 
 
 JENS LARSON. (15)— Corporal, Westbrook. Son of Nels 
 Larson. Entered service April 29, 191S in Co. A, 313th 
 Ammunition Train, SSth Div. Trained at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Transferred May, 1918, to goth Div, Camp Travis. 
 Promoted to Corporal Oct. 10, 1918. Sailed from Hoboken 
 June 20, 19 18 for France. Participated in the St. Mihiel, 
 Meuse-Argonne and Villers en Haye-Puvenelle Sector. 
 Was with the Army of Occupation in France. Was 
 wounded in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive Nov. ist. Sailed 
 from Trince May 26, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Grant. June 16, 1919. 
 
 ELI R. LUND, (6)— First Lieutenant, Windom. Son of 
 Mrs. A. C. Lund. Enlisted May 14, 1917 in First Offi- 
 cers' Training Camp at Fort Snelling. Minn. Transferred 
 Aug. 29, 1917 to Camp Dodge, la. to the 88th Div. and 
 Aug. 30, igiS to Washington, D. C. Sailed from New 
 York to Liverpool, England, and served in the Staff 
 Hdqrs. at Ramsey, England. Was promoted to First Lieu- 
 tenant May II, 191S. Sailed from France Dec. 15, 1918 
 and received discharge at Camp Meade, Md., Ian. 1 1, 
 1919. 
 
 H.ARRY LIEM, {7}— Private First Class, Bingham Lake. 
 Son of Chas. A. Liem. Entered service May 4, 19 18. 
 Transferred from Jefferson Barracks May 27, 1918 to Ft. 
 Leavenworth. Sailed from Hoboken June 21, 1918 for 
 Le Havre, France. Participated in the St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne Offensive. Served in Co. A, 305th Field Signal 
 Battalion, 80th Div. Sailed from France May 20, 1919. 
 and received discharge at Camp Dix, N. J., June 11, 1919. 
 
 LYMAN J. LINGBECK, (16)— Private, First Class, Jeffers. 
 Son of John Lingbeck. Entered service May 10, igiS in 
 Headquarters Co., 77th Reg. Trained at Fort Totten, 
 N. Y. Transferred to Headquarters Co., 47th Reg. 
 Sailed from Camp Stewart, Va., for France, Oct. 10, 191S. 
 Received his discharge at Camp Dodge, March 12, igig. 
 
 CHRIS LOKEN, (17)— Private, Windom, Minn. Born Feb. 
 23, 1S90. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Loken. En 
 tered the service Feb. 23, 1918, in Co. E. 313th Supply 
 Train at Camp Dodge. Iowa, where he trained for some 
 time and later was transferred to Camp Donaphin, Okla., 
 to Co. C, i2gth Machine Gun Bn., 35th Div. He left 
 for France March 24, 19 iS. Was participant in the 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, when on Sept. 27th he was 
 wounded, consequently being laid up in the hospital eight 
 months. He arrived in N. Y. May 24th and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 27, 1919. 
 
 EARL LIEM. (8)— Private, Bingham Lake. Son of Chas. 
 
 A. Liem. Entered service Oct. 1, 19 19 in Co. C, S. A. 
 
 T. C. at Northfield, Minn. Discharged at Northfield. Dec. 
 10, 1919. 
 
 CHRIS A. LARSON, fg)~Private. Storden. Son of Anton 
 Larson. Entered service May 27, 1919 in Co. 26, i66th 
 Depot Brigade at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred June 
 21, 1919 to Co. B, 316th Am. Tr., 91st Div. Sailed from 
 Hoboken for France via England. Sailed from France 
 April 8, igig and received his discharge at Camp Dodge, 
 la., May 7, igig. 
 
 RAYMOND W. LOWRY, do)— Asst. Band Leader, Worth- 
 ington. Son of C. W. Lowry. Windom. Enlisted April 
 25, igi7 in Hq. Co., 2d Minn. Inf. Trained at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred to H(|. Co., 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div. Sailed from New York for Liverpool, England, 
 to France. Promoted to Asst. Band Leader, June i. 1917. 
 Sailed from France, Feb. 22, 19 19, and was discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., March 17, 1919. 
 
 HALFDON C. LARSON, {18)— First Class Musician, Du~ 
 luth. Son of Edward Larson of Windom. Enlisted April 
 10. 1917 at Duluth and served with the 125th F. A., 
 formerly the Third Minnesota, as First Class Musician. 
 This regiment was also overseas. Received his discharge 
 Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 EARL McCORMICK, (19)— Private, First Class, Bingham 
 Lake. Son of John McCormack. Entered service May 2, 
 191S in Co. C, 53d Reg. 6th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Wadsworth. Promoted to First Class Private June 15, 
 19:8. Sailed from New York for France via England. 
 Participated in the Alsace-Lorraine and the Meuse-Argonne 
 Offensive. Sailed from France Sept. 2, 19 ig and was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, HI., Sept. 22, 1919. 
 
 JOHN E. MINION, (20)— Private, Bingham Lake. Son of 
 N. Minion. Entered service Oct. 23, 19 18 in Co. B, 388th 
 Inf.. 97th Div. Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred to 
 Co. B, 366th Machine Gun Co., 97th Div. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Dec. 13, 191S. 
 
BURT G. MARCV. (i) — Wagoner, Windom. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. O. C. Marcy. Entered the service Dec. 15. 19 17 
 in Co. B, 6th Bn., 20th Eng. and trained at American 
 University. Washington, D. C. Sailed for France Jan. 
 24, 19 18 by way of Liverpool. Mr. Marcy was a pas- 
 senger on the ship Tuscania which was sunk by a Ger- 
 man torpedo in the Irish Channel, Feb. 5, 19 18. One 
 hundred twenty boys lost their lives but Mr. Marcy 
 was one of the lucky ones. Received his discharge a. 
 Camp Dodge, la., June 8, 1919. 
 
 "WALTER MILLER, (2)— Private First Class. Windom. 
 Son of Mrs. Hans Miller. Entered the service Jan. 23. 
 19 18 from Cottonwood County and was sent to Camp 
 Grennin, Co. M, 6ist Inf. 5th Div. After about three 
 months' training he was sent to France, Apr. 16, igi8 
 and participated in the battles of Vosges Sector, St. 
 Mihiel and Meuse-i\rgonne Offensive. Was gassed in the 
 Meuse-Argonne, Oct. 12, 1918. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, July 28, 1919. 
 
 CLAUDE MEAD. (3) — Private, Windom. Son of Gen. 
 
 and Lucy Mead. Enlisted in the service Oct. 23, 1919 
 
 in the 13th Prov. Ret. Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged 
 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 11, 1919. 
 
 EDWIX E. MOORE, (4)— Sergeant First Class, Windom. 
 Enlisted Aug. 3. 1917 in the gist Aero Squadron at Ft. 
 Worth. Transferred Oct. 15th to I3gth Aero Sqd., Nov. 
 ist to 27th Aero Sqd., Feb. 23d to 137th Aero Sqd., Gar- 
 den Cily, N. Y. Sailed from Hoboken Feb. 26, 191 8 for 
 France by way of Liverpool, England. Promoted to Cor- 
 poral Sept. 15, 191 7 and to Sergeant Oct. 10, igi8. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge April 15, 19 19. 
 
 SIDNEY S. MATHISEN, (5)— Second Lieutenant, Win- 
 dom. Son of Geo. and Lilly Mathisen. Entered service 
 Jan. 5, 19 18 in Battery i, O. C. T., Camp Dodge, la. 
 Transferred May 3 to Camp Jackson, S. C. Sailed from 
 Hoboken to Bordeaux, France. Transferred Sept. 2, igiS 
 to Field Artillery Brigade, La Courtine, France. Pro- 
 moted to Sergeant Apr. 19. 191S and to 2d Lieut. June i. 
 191 8. Participated in the Foret de Frehaut and X'ivrotte 
 Woods engagements. Attended Saumur Artillery School. 
 Saumur, France, for three monllis. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Mar. 18 1919. 
 
 LAWRENCE P. MORRIS. ( 1 1)— Private, Storden. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. James Morris. Entered service Oct. 23, 
 19 18 in 13th Prov. Recruit Co. Eng. Trained at Ft. 
 Benjamin Harrison. Transferred Nov. 16, 1918 to Ft. 
 Oglethorpe, Ga. Discharged at Camp Forrest, Ga., De- 
 cember, 1918. 
 
 11. W. MITCHELL, (12) — Private, Windom. Son of Moses 
 Mitchell. Entered service July 2, 1918 in Co. C. Eng. 
 Trained at Camp Humphrey. Va. Transferred Aug. 18. 
 191S to 2d N. C. O. Mr. Mitchell was discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 14, 1919. 
 
 OSCAR A. MYERS, (13)— Private, son of Abram and Lucy 
 Meyers. Entered the service at Windom, Minn., Aug. 17. 
 19 1 7 and was sent to Fort Douglas in Co. B, 4^d Inf., 
 1 2th Div. He with his Division was transferred to Camp 
 Dodge, then to Tuckhoe Arsenal, then to Camp Devens. 
 Mass.. and finally to Camp Upton, Long Island. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919- 
 
 LEO O. MORIARTY, (14)— Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. J. W. Moriarty. Entered the service Oct. 2^, 1918, 
 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Cody in Co. I, 
 387th Inf., 97th Div. and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Dec. 13, 191S. 
 
 DONALD B. M.VRCY, (15) — Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. O. C. Marcy. Entered the service 
 Aug. 14, 1918 in Co. E, I. C. of C, T. D. No. 2. Indian- 
 apolis, Ind., where he trained till he was discharged. 
 Here he trained as mechanic and truck driver. He was 
 discharged at Indianapolis, Ind., on or about Dec. 9, 
 1918. We are sorry that we are unable to get the exact 
 data on tins man. 
 
 OSCAR MONES, (16)— Private, W^indom. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Geo. Mones. Entered the service at Windom, Minn., 
 and was sent to Air Service Mechanic School, Overland 
 Building, at St. Paul, Minn.. July i, 191 8 and was in 
 Co. C, ist Reg., ist Bat. Was to liave been transferred to 
 Minneola. Long Island, the day the armistice was signed. 
 Was discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 20. igi8. 
 
 HAROLD L. McCORM.VCK, (6)— Bingham Lake, Private 
 First Class. Son of John and Lillie McCormack. En- 
 tered service May 27, 19 18 in 26th Depot Brigade at 
 Camp Lewis. Transferred June 15, 1918 to Co. B, 316th 
 A. T., 9tst Div., Camp Lewis. Sailed from Hoboken, N. 
 J. via Southampton, Eng., to Cherburg, France. Sailed 
 from France, April 6, 19 19 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, May 7, 1919. 
 
 ELMER N. MAGNUSON. (17)— Private, Windom. Son of 
 Ole and Bertha Magnuson. Entered service June 15, 191S 
 in Co. 3, U. of M. Training Detachment. Trained at St. 
 Paul. Transferred Aug. 13 to ist Replacement Reg. Eng. 
 Washington Barracks. Sailed from New York Sept. 25. 
 igi8 for France. Returned to America April 5, 191S. 
 Was discharged at Ft. SnelUng, Jday 12, 1919. 
 
 FLOYD MARSHALL, f7)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Born May i, 1897. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Earl E. Mar- 
 shall. Entered service April 16, 19 17 in Co. F, First 
 Minnesota, at Fort Snelling. He was one of the first men 
 to enlist from our county and we are sorry to sta:t 
 that he was in the service but a short time when illness 
 overtook him and the military authorities thought it best 
 to release him from duty on account of his illness and he 
 was discharged at Ft. Snelling July 3, 19 17. 
 
 WILLIS N. NOBLE, (18)— Private First Class, Jeffers. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. D. E. Noble. Entered service Feb. 
 8. igi8 in Air Service. Trained at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Transferred to Kelly Field Feb. 15, igi8; to Overland 
 Building, St. Paul, Minn.; April ist to 262d Aero Squad- 
 ron, Scott Field. Sailed from Boston, Mass., for Eng- 
 land. Sailed from England Nov. 21, 1918. Dischargca 
 at Camp Dodge, Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 P. R. MITCHELL. (8)— Private. Jeffers. Entered service 
 Sept. 23, 1917 in Co. A, 351st Supply Co. Trained at 
 Camp Dodge, la. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la- 
 
 HERMAN O. MORTENSEN, (9) — Mechanic, Storden. So.i 
 of H. O. Mortenson, Copenhagen, Den. Entered service 
 Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. D, 351st Inf. 88th Div., Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 21, 19 17 Ito Co. B, 346tli 
 Inf., S7th Div., Camp Pike, .\rk. Sailed from New York 
 Aug. 24, 1918 for Liverpool, England. Sailed from France 
 April 14, igig. 
 
 THOMAS C. NIELSEN, (19) — Private, Hinckley. Minn. 
 Son of Henry Nielsen. Entered service May 26, 1918. in 
 Co. C, 316th Am. Train, 91st Div. Trained at Camp 
 Lewis, Wash. Sailed from New York July 12, 19 18 for 
 France. Was in active service in the Meuse-Argonne and 
 Lys Scheldt, Belgium. Was at 13th U. S. Staff Hos.n- 
 tal Nov. 25 to Dec. 26. 19 iS with lung trouble. Was then 
 taken to 37th U. S. General Hospital, England,^ until Jan. 
 4, 1919. Was then sent to U. S. Hospital No. 29, Ft. 
 Snelling, were he was discharged June 7, 1919- 
 
 JOHN P. MARKS, ( 10)— Private, Mountain Lake. Son of 
 Henry and Mathilda Marks. Entered service April 27, 
 1918 in Co. K, 349th Infantry. Transferred May 12, 
 1918 to Camp Travis, Texas. Was discharged July 18, 
 igi8 at Camp Travis on account of poor health. 
 
 I 
 
 HENRY H NELTFELD. (20)— Private, Mountain Lake. 
 Son of H. G. Neufeld. Entered service Oct. 23, igi8 in 
 Co. A, Casual Camp, Camp Cody. N. Mex. Trained at 
 Camp Cody. Transferred from Co. A, Casual Camp to 
 the Base Hospital, Nov. S, igiS. Discharged at Camp 
 Cody, Feb. 24, igip- 
 
OSCAR T. XliLSON, (i) — First Lieutenant, of Windoni, 
 Minn. 'Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Nelson, WinJom, 
 Minn. \'o]unteered his service to his country ten days 
 after war was declared. He enlisted in Co. G, ist Minn. 
 on May 15. He was transferred to First Officers' Train- 
 ing Camp, Fort Snelling, Minn. Commissioned 2nd Lieut. 
 Inf. Aug. 15, 1917 and assigned to Co. E, 350th Inf., 88tli 
 Div. Promoted to First Lieut. .\ug. i, 1918 and sailed 
 for France, Aug. :i, 1918. Saw some service in the 
 Argonne Offensive. Lieut. Nelson was an expert wi h 
 the bayonet and was employed as instructor of that art 
 while at Camp Dodge. 
 
 Camp Cody in the 63d Depot Brigade, and was later 
 transferred to Camp Dodge in the 97th Div. Was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Dec. 13, 191S. 
 
 ERNEST WALTER NELSON, (11) — Private, Mountain 
 Lake. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Nelson. Entered ser- 
 vice Aug. 28, 1918 in Co. 8, Depot Brigade, Camp Crant. 
 Transferred Sept. 18, 1919 to Co. I, Infantry Reiilace- 
 meut and Training Troops. Trained at Camp Grant. Was 
 discharged at Camp Grant Jan. 30, 1919. 
 
 EDWARD P. NELSON, (2) — Private, of Westbrook. Sin 
 of Peter Nelson, Westbrook, Minn. Entered the service 
 May 26, 19 18 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp 
 Lewis, Wash., in Co. 26, Depot Brigade. Transferred to 
 Co. A, 346th M. G. Bn. 91st Div. Sailed from .\'. Y. 
 for France July 7, 191S and participated in the battles 
 of St. Mihiel, Argonne and Flanders, Belgium. Was in- 
 jured in truck accident at Cosmes, I-Vance. Was dis- 
 charged at Fort Snelling, .May 22, 1919. 
 
 ALEX NELSON, (3)— Private First Class. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Carl Nelson, Windom, Minn. Entered the service 
 May II, 19 1 8 in the Dept. of Chemical Warfare, and was 
 sent to New York. Was employed in the manufacture of 
 gas, gas masks and other work in connection with chem- 
 ical warfare. Was discharged at N. Y. Jan. 31, 1919. 
 
 WALTER P.. NELSON, (4)— Corporal, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Nelson of Windom, Jlinn. 
 Volunteered .\pril 16, 1917 in First Minn, at Fort Snell- 
 ing, and was later transferred to Cam) Cody in Co. G, 
 135th Inf., 34th Div. Sailed for France Oct. 12, igiS 
 but arrived too late to get into the big game, and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 17, 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE T. NELSON, (5)— Cadet, of Windom, Jlinn. 
 Born Aug. 1, 1S94. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Nelson. 
 Entered tlie service July i, 1918 in 30th Aero Squadron. 
 Trained at Mechanics School, St. Paul, Minn. Sept. 15, 
 igi8 he w-as transferred to F'irst Flying Co.. Fort Crook, 
 Nebraska. He was promoted from rank of Private to 
 the rank of Cadet Sept. 15, 1918, and he was discharged 
 at I'ort Crook, Nebraska, Nov. 30, 19 18. 
 
 ALBERT D. NELSON. (6) — Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. .\. D. Nelson, Windom, Minn. 
 Enlisted in the S. .\. T. C. in Co. C, at Carleton College. 
 Was discharged at Carleton College, Dec. 10, igi8. 
 
 HOW.VRD E. NELSON. (7)— Corporal, of Westbrook, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John E. Nelson, Westbrook, 
 Minn. Entered the service Nov. 19, ,1917, from Cotton- 
 wood County and was sent to Kelly Field, Texas, and 
 was assigned to 665th .\ero S(]uadron. July 8. 1918 was 
 traitsferred to 317th -\ero Squadron. Minneola Field, Long 
 Island. Sailed for France by the way of England, and 
 returned Nov. 26, 1918. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Dec. 20, 1918. 
 
 MILO S. NELSON, (8) — Private, of Windom. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Nelson, Windom, Minn. Enlisted 
 in the S. A. T. C. at the U. of Minnesota. Was dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 EDWIN T. NELSON. (12) — Private. Westbrook. Son of 
 Hans J.' Nelson. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. 
 A, 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred 
 to Aug. Remount Depot at Camp Dodge. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge April 17, 1919- 
 
 UELMER E. NELSON, (13)— Private, Westbrook. Son of 
 JIans I. Nelson. Entered service Feb. 22, 1918 in Co. 
 E 163d Depot Brigade, 88th Div. at Camp Dodge. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. F, 33d Engineers, 76th Div.. Camp Devens, 
 Mass.; to Co. E, 304th Field Artillery, -7th Div., Camp 
 Upton, .\. Y. I to Utilities Detachment, Camp Upton. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 2, 1919. 
 
 \\r>REW GEORGE NELSON, f 14)— Chief Petty Ot^cer, 
 ' U S N A. R. F., Westbrook. Son of Peter Nelson. 
 Enlisted Jan. 25, 1918. Trained Naval Air Station, Pensa- 
 cola, Fla'. Promoted Dec. i, igiS from M. M. iC to 
 Chief Petty Officer, including flying orders. Released on 
 inactive duty Mar. 20, ipig. 
 
 RYDER A. N.VCKERUD, ( 15)— Corporal, Walnut Grove. 
 Son of A. P. Nackerud. Entered service May 24, 1917 
 in Co M. G. ist Minn. Inf. Trained at Camp Cody. 
 Transferred Aug. 15, to M. G. Co., 135th Inf., 34th Div. 
 Discharged May 5. 1918. Re-enlisted May 26, 1919 m 
 Field --\rt.. Jefferson Barracks. Transferred to Lamp 
 Meade in oversea Repl. Dep. Promoted to Corporal June 
 10, 19 19. Sailed from Hoboken for France. 
 
 HENRY A. NORSIDEN, (16)— Private, Walnut Grove. 
 Son of Christ Norsiden. Entered service Oct 21, 1918 
 in Co. C, 387th Inf. Trained at Camp Cody. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 T-\COB NEUFELD, (17)— Private First Class, Mountain 
 Take Son of H. C. Neufeld. Entered service Sept. 
 h!':9.7 in C°o' D, 3S.st Inf 88th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge. Transferred to 3S2d Ambulance Co., 88th Uiv. 
 Sailed from New York Aug. 13, 1918 for France via Liver- 
 pool England. Was engaged in the Lorraine Sector. 
 Sailed from France May 22, 1919- Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., June 15, 1919- 
 
 frey. 
 Brig 
 
 CARL A. NORDVALL, (18)— Private First^ Class, Lom- 
 Entered service May 25. 1918 m Co. 26. Depot 
 le. Trained at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred 
 June 7, 1918, to i6ist Machine Gun Bn. 40th Div. 
 and then to 318th Machine Gun Bn., 8ist Div. Sailed 
 for France Sept. 25, 1918. Participated m the \eidun 
 Sector and the Meuse- Argonne Offensive. Sailed from 
 France June 8. 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., June 29. 1919. 
 
 KRISTL-\N \'. NELSON, (9)— Private of Westbrook, First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. .\ndres Nelson. Entered 
 the service April 29, 1918 at Windom, Minn., and was 
 assigned to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in Co. F. On May 18, 
 1918 he was transferred to Co. I, 358th Inf., 90th Div., at 
 Camp Travis, Texas. Sailed from N. \'. June 20, 1918 
 for France by way of England. Private Nelson partici- 
 pated in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne offensives, 
 and was wounded by shrapnel in the ileuse-Argonne. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 14, 1919. 
 
 HANS NELSON, (10)— Private of Westbrook, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Andres Nelson. Entered the service from 
 Cottonwood County on Oct. 23, 1918 and assigned to 
 
 TOH \NNES NEILSON, (19)— Private. Windoiu. Son of 
 " Nels Neilson. Entered service Feb. 3, 1918 m Co. N. 6ist 
 Reg. 5th Div. Trained at Camp Greene. Sailed tor 
 France April 16, 191S. Was engaged in the St. Mihiel 
 and the Meuse-.Argonne Offensives. Was gassed in the 
 Argonne Forest. Sailed from France Mar. 8. 1919- 
 Was discharged at Camp Dodge, April 12, 1919- 
 
 FRANK J. NEUFELD, (20)— Cook, iSIt. Lake. Son of 
 J. T. Neufeld. Entered service Sept. 21, I9i7 m Co. D, 
 35i'st Inf., 88th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge, la. 
 Transferred to .Aux. Remount Depot. Discharged at 
 Cam]) riodge, June 14, 1919. 
 

HENRY W. NESS, (i) — Private, Windom. Son of John 
 Ness. Enlisted April 30, 1917 in 6th Field Battalion, 
 Signal Corps, U. S. Army. Trained at JetTerson Bar- 
 racks, Mo. Transferred May 15, 1917 to Fort Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas. Transferred May 27, 1918 to Camp Lewis. 
 Wash, and Aug. 30th to Camp Dodge, la. Was discharged 
 there Nov. 30, 1918. 
 
 Promoted to Corporal Dec. 23, 191 7. Sailed from New 
 York Oct. 24, for France via England, but did not see 
 any active service. Sailed from France Dec. 28, 1919 and 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 18, 1919. 
 
 GUY OLSON, (lO— No record could be obtained. 
 
 HENRY C. NEUFELD, (2)— Second Lieutenant, Mountain 
 Lake. Son of Cornelius Xeufeld. Entered service Sept. 
 21, 1917 in Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge. la. Transferred July 3, to Ordnance Officers' 
 Training School at Camp Raritan, N. J. Received over- 
 seas order on Oct. 15, 1918 and reported at Hoboken. 
 N. J. Promoted to Corporal Oct. 8, igiy, to Ordnance 
 Sgt.', April 26, 1918 and to Second Lieut., Sept. 13, 1918. 
 Received discharge at Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 11, igi8. 
 
 LESLIE E. NOBLE, (3)— Corporal, Jeffers. Son of D. E. 
 Noble. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 351st 
 Inf., 8Sth Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 21. 
 1917 to Co. C, 346th Inf., 87th Div., Camp Pike. Ark. 
 Transferred June 18, 1918 to Camp Dix, N. J. Sailed 
 from Nev^- -York Aug. 23, 1918 for France via Liverpool, 
 England. Was in the Army Candidate School at La Val 
 Bomne Ain, France. Promoted to First Class Private 
 Jan. 18, 1918 and to Corporal June 15, 1918. Sailed from 
 France Feb. 16, 1918 and was discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., March 17, 1919. 
 
 TENNIE H. OLSON, (12)— Wagoner, Jeffers. Son of 
 Pete Olson. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. D, 
 351st Inf.. 88th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge, la. 
 Transferred Dec. 10, 19 17 to Ammunition Train, Camp 
 Dodge. Transferred April 12, 191 8 to 307 th Sanitary 
 Train, Camp Gorden. Sailed from Hoboken, N. J., May 
 19, 19 1 8 for Le Havre, France, via Liverpool. Partici- 
 pated in the Toul Sector, St. MihJel, Meuse-Argonne and 
 Marbache Sector Otfensives. Sailed from France, April 
 25, 19 19 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, May 19, 
 1919. 
 
 LARS TOBY OLSON, (13)— Private First Class, Storden. 
 Son of Tom Olson. Entered service July 2^, 19 18 in Co. 
 E, 54th Pioneer Inf. Trained at Camp Wadsworth. Trans- 
 ferred Aug. 20, 1918 to Camp Stewart, Va. Sailed from 
 Newport News, Va. for Brest, France. Took part in the 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Sailed from France June 13, 
 1919. Received his discharge at Camp Grant, 111., July 
 5. 1919- 
 
 MARTIN NIKLASON, (4) — Wagoner, Walnut Grove. Son 
 of August Niklason. Entered service Mar. 12, 19 18, in 
 the Coast Artillery. Trained at Fort McKinley. Trans- 
 ferred June I, 1918 to Battery D, 72d Artillery C. A. C. 
 Sailed from Montreal for France Aug. 6, 1918. Sailed 
 from France March 29, 1919 and received discharge at 
 Camp Grant, 111.. April 17, 19 19. 
 
 EDWIN B. OLSON, (14)— Mechanic, Westbrook. Son of 
 Mons Olson. Entered service June 28, 191 7 in 2d Re- 
 cruit Co. Trained at Ft. Snelling. Transferred Sept. 26, 
 1917 to Co. L, 4 1 St Inf. at Camp Crook. Promoted to 
 Mechanic May 22, 1918. Received his discharge at Camp 
 Funston May 17, 19 19. 
 
 CORNELIUS J. NICKEL, (5)— Private First Class, Moun- 
 tain Lake. Son of Jacob Nickel. Entered service Feb. 22, 
 1918 in 339th Field Artillery, 88th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge. Transferred April 9, 1918 to Med. Dept.. 163d 
 Depot Brigade and Aug. 28 to Med. Dept., igth Div. 
 Did not see overseas service. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Feb. 13, 19 19. 
 
 JOHN M. PEDERSON. (15)— Private, Storden. Son of 
 Sefanias Pederson. Entered service Aug. 9, 19 18 in Co. 
 K, 9th Battalion. Trained at Camp MacArthur, Texas. 
 Transferred Oct. 8, 1918 to Co. D, 329th Inf., 83d Div., 
 Nov 24th to 4th Provisional Co., Dec. 10 to Co. L, 312th 
 Inf., 78th Div. Sailed from Hoboken Sept. 28, 1918 for 
 Brest, France Sailed from Bordeaux, France, May 11, 
 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la,, June 6, 1919. 
 
 O. C. OLSON. (6)— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F., Mcintosh, 
 Minn. Entered service June 15. 1918 in \J. S. Naval 
 Reserve Forces and was trained at Puget Sound, Wash. 
 Transferred to Pel ham Bay, N. Y. Nov. 21, 1918; Jan. 
 2, 19 19 to Princeton, N. J., and then to 280 Broadway, 
 New York City, and was discharged at N. Y. City, April 
 17, 1919. 
 
 THORVAL V. PETERSON, (16)— Private, Westbrook. Son 
 of Carl Peterson. Entered service Oct. 23, 1918 in 13th 
 Prov. Ret. Co. Received training at Camp Forrest, Ga. 
 Received discharge at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 OSCAR OLSON, (7)— Private, Storden. Son of H. Olson. 
 Entered service May 27, 19 18 in Co. B, 346th Machine 
 Gun Co., 91st Div. Trained at Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 Sailed from Hoboken for France, but too late to see any 
 active service. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., April 
 25, 1919. 
 
 PETER H. PETERS, ( 17)— Mountain Lake. Son of Hen- 
 ry K. Peters. Entered service Sept. 4, 1918, Co. J3, i6ist 
 Depot Brigade. Received training at Camp Grant, III. 
 Transferred to 10th Co. Training and Replacement Troops, 
 and later transferred to 4th Co. Training and Replacement 
 Troops. Transferred again to Officers' Training School. 
 Was discharged at Camp Grant Dec. 9, 1919- 
 
 JOHN F. OELTJENBRUNS, (8)— Private, Mountain Lake. 
 Son of John Oeltjenbruns. Entered service Aug. 28, 
 1918 in 161 St Depot Brigade, at Camp Grant, 111. Trans- 
 ferred September, 19 18 to Inf. Replacement Reg. and 
 Sept. 27th to M. G. S. C, Camp Hancock. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Feb. 28, igig. 
 
 WILLIAM C. PETERSON, (18)— C. M. M., Westbrook. 
 Son of Carl Peterson. Enlisted July 28, 19 17 with the 
 U. S. S. Corola. Received training at Norfolk, Va. Pro- 
 moted July 28, 1917 to M. M 2c., August i, 1918 to M. M. 
 ist Class and August i, 1919 to C. M. M. Sailed from 
 Norfolk, Va. for Brest, France. Sailed from France 
 Sept. 20, 1919 and was discharged at the Receiving Ship, 
 New York, Oct. 16, 1919- 
 
 MARTIN A. OLSON, (9) — Private. Heron Lake. Son of 
 Andrew Olson. Entered service June 25, 1918 in Co. I, 
 342d Inf., 86th Div. at Camp Grant, 111. Sailed from 
 New York, Sept. g, 1918 via England. Transferred Oct. 
 24, 19 1 8 to 55th Inf., 7th Div., Camp Jasenville, France. 
 Served in the Puvenelle Sector from Oct. 10 to Nov. i"i, 
 1918. Sailed from France June 12, 1919 and arrived in 
 New York. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 27, 19 iQ- 
 
 OLE J. OLSOX, f 10)— Corporal. Fleron Lake. Son of 
 Tom M. Olson. Entered service Sept. 21, 1917, in Co. 
 I^^, 345th Inf., 87th Div. Trained at Camp Pike, Ark. 
 
 NELS H. PETERSON, (19)— Private, Windom. Son of 
 Christ Peterson. Entered service Jan. 28, 1918 in Vet. 
 Corps 306. Camp Greene, N. C. Received discharge at 
 Camp Dodge, la., March 18, 1919. 
 
 RAY O. PARR. (20) — Private, Mountain Lake. Son of 
 Hiram Parr. Entered service Jan. 23, igi8 in Battery 
 A, 339th Field Artillery, 88th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred to Ft. Des Moines Sept. 3, 1918 
 and Nov. 20th to Ft. Snelling. Discharged at Ft. Snell- 
 ing July 22, 1919. 
 
PKRCY T. PETERSON, (i)— First Lieutenant, Windom. 
 Son of Mrs. G. A. Peterson. Enlisted June 14. 1917 
 with the Ambulance in the French Army. After six 
 months' service with the French Army he joined the 
 American Army in France in the Aviation Branch of the 
 service. In all Lieut. Peterson served 22 months on 
 the front, and participated in all stunts that Aviators are 
 called upon to do, and received French Citation for Mer- 
 itus Service. Lieut. Peterson was connected with the 
 95th Air Squadron, attached to the First Army. Returned 
 to the States the latter part of April. 1919 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 25, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR C. PETERSON, Ca)— Ph. M2. Windom. Son of 
 Carl Peterson. Enlisted June 26, 1917- Trained at San 
 Francisco, Cal. Transferred Nov. 18, 1917 to Great Lakes 
 Naval Training Station. Promoted to Ph. M3 Aug. 7, 
 1918 and to Ph. M2 Feb. i5i i9i9- Sailed with the L^. S. 
 S. Mongolia between the L^nited States and France, trans- 
 porting troops from October, 1918 to July 6, 1919. \vhen 
 he was discharged at Minneapolis, July 10, 1919- 
 
 ROSS B. PASSMORE, (3)— Private, Westbrook. Son of 
 Charles Passmore. Entered service June 4, 19 iS in Co. 
 27. Trained at Delro, Texas. Transferred Aug. i, 191S 
 to 27th Trench Motor Battery, Bowery, Texas. Received 
 discharge at Camp Bowery, Dec. 4, 1918. 
 
 ton Roads, V^a., and to U. S. S. Illinois, July 11, 19 18 
 Discharged at Norfolk, Va., Nov. 30, 1918. 
 
 LYNDON L. PURRIXGTON, (12)— Private. Son of L. 
 Purrington. of Windom, Minn. Entered service Oct. 4, 
 19 18 in Co. 12. ist Regiment. Trained at the University 
 of Minnesota. Discharged Dec. 19, 1918. 
 
 FERDINANl) PIOTRASCHKE (13)— Private, son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Wm. Piotraschke, of Windom, Minn. Entered 
 service June 24. 1918 in Co. L, 309th Regiment, 78th 
 Div. Sailed from New York for France Aug. 31, 19 18. 
 Took active part in the St. Mihiel and Argonne Offensives. 
 Was wounded in the battle of the Argonne, Oct. 16, 191 8. 
 Sailed from France Nov. 26, 19 18 and received discharge 
 at Fort Sheridan Aug. 30, 1919. 
 
 PETER N. PEDERSON, (14)— Sergeant, of Windom. Minn. 
 Entered service Dec. 12, 1917. Received training at 
 Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred Jan. 27, 1918 to Co. 
 17. 2d Regiment. .\. S. M. Camp Hancock, Ga. Sailed 
 March 4, 1918 for France via England. Was in service 
 with the 8th France -\rniy from Ai)ril 6, igi8 to Dec. 12. 
 1918. Promoted to Sergeant May i, 1918. Sailed from 
 France May i8, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., June 9, 1919. 
 
 HENRY H. PETERS, (4)— Private, Mountain Lake. Son 
 of Henry H. Peters. Entered service May 2, 1918 in 
 the 6th Div. Trained at Camp Wadsworth. and trans- 
 ferred to Camp Mills. Sailed from New Y'ork for France 
 July 10, 1918. Participated in the Alsace. Meuse- Argonne 
 and the Verdun Offensives. Was wounded in action Nov. 
 II, 19 18. Sailed from France Tune 10, 1919 and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 18, 1919- 
 
 EDWARD W. PIETZ. (s>— Private First Class, West- 
 brook. Son of Rudolph Pietz. Entered service Oct. 23, 
 1919. Trained at Camy Cody. N. Mex. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., April 3, 1919. 
 
 ERNEST E. PIOTRASCHKE, (6)— Private, Windom. Son 
 of Wm. Piotraschke. Entered service Sept. 4, 19 18 in 
 Co. 4 Inf. Training and Replacement Troops. Trained 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged Jan. 29, 1919 at Camp 
 Grant, 111. 
 
 OTTO A. PUFAHL, (15)— Bugler, of Jeffers, Minn. Son 
 of Aug. Pufahl. Entered service Sept. 21, 1 9 1 7 in Co. 
 D, 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Pike, Ark. Transferred 
 April 4, 1918 to Co. I, ■47th Inf., Camp Greene, N. C. 
 Sailed from Hoboken May 10, 191S for France. Par- 
 ticipated in the Aisne-Marne Offensive, \'esle Sector, 
 Toulon Sector, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. 
 Was with the Army of Occupation from the time of the 
 armistice until July 16, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la.. Aug. 4, 1919. 
 
 HERMAN D. PETERS. ( 16)— Private, of Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and iMrs. Peters. Entered the service 
 May 2y, 1918. Served with the gist Div. Received train- 
 ing at Camp Lewis, Wash., and was later transferred to 
 Camp Mills. New York. Sailed from New Y'ork for 
 France ( date not given ) . Saw some service overseas. 
 Returned the latter part of April, 19 19 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, May 7, 19 19. 
 
 HENRY B. PETERS, (7)~Private First Class, Windom. 
 Son of Herman Peters. Entered service June 25, 19 18 
 in Co. 20. Trained at Camp Grant, III. Transferred from 
 Co. 20 to Quartermaster Corps. Promoted to Private First 
 Class Camp Supply Det. O. M. C. Received discharge at 
 Camp Grant, 111., March 25, 1919. 
 
 LEROY^ C. PIETZ. (17)— Private of Windom, Minn. Son 
 of H. R. Pietz. Entered service Aug. 5, 191S in tne ftisx 
 Co. of the 14th Battalion of the Infantry. Trained at 
 Camp Syracuse. Transferred Nov. i. 1918 to Q. M. C, 
 Washington, D. C. While at Washington he was in the 
 Allotment Branch of the O. M. C. and operated an ad- 
 dressograph machine. He was discharged at Camp Meigs, 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 23, 1918. 
 
 HERMAN M. PIESKES. fS)— Private. Jeffers. Entered 
 service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 350th Inf., 88th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 23, 1917 
 to Camp Pike, Ark., to the 87th Div. Was transferred 
 to Camp Gieene, N. C. April 16, 1918 where he was until 
 he was transferred overseas. Returned to the \J. S. July 
 21. 1919 from Brest, France and was discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., Aug. 8, 1919- 
 
 MARTIN ELMER PAULSON. (9")— Corporal, Walnut 
 Grove. Entered service June 25. 1918 in Co. A, 86th 
 Div. Trained at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred Oct. 16, 
 1918 to Co. G, 89th Div. Promoted to Corporal Aug. 11, 
 1918. Sailed for France Sept. 9, 19 18 and served over- 
 seas until May 13, 19 19. Received discharge at Camp 
 Dodge, la. 
 
 FRANK J. POTTER, (18)— Cook-Sergeant, of Windom, 
 Minn. Son of C. F. Potter. Enlisted at Redwood Falls. 
 Minn., with Co. L, 136th Inf., 34th Div. July 17. 1917. 
 Trained at Camp Cody. N. Mex. Transferred October, 
 1918 to 330th Inf., 83d Div. and a little later to the 7th 
 Inf. and again in November. 1918 to 157th Inf. Sailed 
 from New York, Oct. 12, 1918 for Le Havre, France and 
 left France March 27. 1919- Took active part in the 
 Lorraine Sector. Discharged at Camp Dodge, April 24, 
 1919. 
 
 HARRY C. PETERSON, f 20)— Corporal of Westbrook. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and IMrs. Theo C. Peterson. Entered 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and was assigned to duty with 
 the 5th Med. Corps. Sailed from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 ^3. 1917 for St. Nazaire, France and left France March 12, 
 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, April 5, 1919. 
 
 ERNEST N. PETERSON, do)— Private First Class. West- 
 brook. Son of Nils Peterson. Enlisted July 28, 1917 in 
 Casual Co. A. Trained at Ft. Jay, New York. Sailed 
 from New York for France, Oct. 3, 19 17. Discharged ai 
 Camp Dodge, April 22, 1919. 
 
 MARTIN E. L. PEDERSON, (lO— Seaman, son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Lars Pederson of Westbrook, Minn. Entered 
 service May 13, 1918 in the 138th Regiment. Trained at 
 Oreat Lakes, 111. Transferred June 6. 1918 to Harap- 
 
 ABRAM B. PANKRATZ, (19)— Private of Mountain Lake. 
 Minn. Entered service July 23. 1917 and trained at 
 service at Camp Dodge in the the 35rst Inf. Co. C. Trans- 
 ferred Oct. 25, 1917 to Co. C, 135th Inf., 34th Div., Camp 
 Cody, N. Mex., and again transferred to Camp Dix. July 
 25, 19 18. Sailed from LT. S. and arrived in France 
 Sept. 17, 19 18. Transferred Oct. 20. 19 18 to i42d Inf., 
 36th Div. Camp Lemans. France. Promoted to rank of 
 Corporal Aug. 10. 1918. Sailed from France April 19, 
 19 1 9 and received his discharge at Camp Grant, 111., 
 May 7, 1919. 
 
H 
 
MARTIN PETERSON, (i)— First Class Private, of Wm- 
 dom. Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Peterson. En- 
 tered service April 29, 1918 in Co. I, 349th Inf., 88th 
 Div. Trained at Camp Dudge. Transferred to Camp 
 Travis May 18, 1918 to Co. C, 357th Inf., 90th Div. 
 Promoted to rank of First Class Private September i, 
 1918. Sailed from New York June 20, 191S for France. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 26, 1919- 
 
 CHARLES LEE PETERS. (2)— Sergeant, of Minneapolis, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Peters. Enlisted 
 Tuly 9, 1917 in S. R. C. U. S. R. A. zzd F. S. Bn. 
 Trained at Camp Taylor. Ky. Transferred October i. 
 1917 to Co. B, 309th F. S. Bn.. 84th Div. Promoted to 
 rank of Sergeant October 26, 191 7. Sailed from New 
 York September 9, 1918 for France via Glasgow. Scot- 
 land. Sailed from France April 21, 19 19 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., May :6, 1919- 
 
 T. HOWARD PETERSON, (3)— First Musician, Windom. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Peterson. Entered service July 
 13, 1918 in Sixth Reg. Band. Trained at Great Lakes. 
 'Iransterred November 2, 1918 to U. S. S. Mt. Vernon. 
 U. S. S. Mt. Vernon did transport duty. Made fourteen 
 trips across. Discharged at Minneapolis August 11. 1919- 
 
 WILLIAM A. PIPER. (4)— First Lieutenant M. C. Moun- 
 tain Lake. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Piper. Entered 
 service October 26, 1919 in Co. 48. Trained at M. O. 
 T. C, Fort Riley, Kansas. Discharged at Fort Riley, 
 Kansas, December 6, 1919- 
 
 SHERMAN C. PORTER. (5)~Third Class Musician of 
 Windom, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. S. Porter. Kn 
 listed April 10, 1917, in the band of the 3d Minnesota 
 Reg.. 34th Div. Trained at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Trans- 
 ferred Tuly 1, 1018 to 8th Heavy Artillery Corps, 2d Army 
 at Fort Sill. Okla. Promoted June i, 1918 to Band Cor- 
 poral. Sailed from Camp Unton. N. Y. for France Srp. 
 tember 28, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan- 
 uary 22, 1919. 
 
 MAC A. POTTER. (6) — Seaman, of Jeffers. Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. F. Potter. Enlisted March^ 1, 1918 at 
 Minneapolis Recruiting Station. Trained at Great Lakes. 
 Transferred April 14. 1918 to Hampton Roads, Va., and 
 on August 18, to U. S. S. Minnesota. Was torped('. d 
 on the morning of September 28th when 75 miles from 
 shore and got in without any heli. No lives were Ics'. 
 Was transferred again to U. S. S. Kansas October c, 
 1918. Promoted to rank of seaman October 20 an-i 
 then to Gunpointer first class. Was discharged at Great 
 Lakes February 24, 19 19. 
 
 Hoboken, N. J., for Brest, France. Was discharged at 
 Camp Douge, la. 
 
 ABRAHAM H. QUIRING, (11)— Private, of Mountain 
 Lake, Minn. Son of Rev. Henry Quiring. Entered the 
 service September 21. 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf., 88th 
 Division. Trained at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 
 I, 1917 to Auxiliary Remount Dept., Camp Dodge. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge June 13, 1919- 
 
 HERMAN R. QUADE, (12)— Private, of Storden, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. August Quade. Entered the ser- 
 vice September 21, 1917, in Co. C, 351st Inf.. S8th Div. 
 at Camp Ddcige, Iowa. Transferred Nov. 27, 1917 to Co. 
 C, 316th Inf.. S7th Div., at Camp Pike. On July 27, 1918 
 he was transferred to Co. E, 47th Inf., 4th Div. Sailed 
 for France June 20, 1918 by way of Liverpool. Private 
 Quade participated in the Aisne-Marne, X'esle Sector, Tou- 
 lon Sector, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse-Argonne offensives, 
 and was with the Army of Occupation seven months. Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 4, 19 19. 
 
 DICK CHRIS UHLENHOPP, (12)— Private. Son of Chris 
 Uhlenhopp. Entered the service Oct. 27, 19 18 from Cot- 
 tonwood County and was sent to Camp Cody; in Co. F, 
 3S7th Inf., and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 
 12. 1918 
 
 WILLIAM A. RAUTKE, (14)— Sergeant First Class, Q. M. 
 C. Mountain Lake, Minn. Son of Edward Radtke. En- 
 tered the service from Cottonwood Co. Sept. 21, 1917. 
 Was sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th 
 1 )iy. Transferred to Quartermasters Corps. Was pro- 
 mo, ed to Sergeant Se^t. 4. 1918, and Sept. 27, to Ser- 
 geant First Class, Q. M. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 iGwa, May 14, 1919. 
 
 HENRY G. RAUSENBERGER, (15)— Private, Westbrook» 
 Minn. Entered the service July 2^, 19 18, at Windom» 
 Minn., and was ssnt to Camp Wadsworth, S. C. in Co. A, 
 3d U- S. Pioneer Inf. He was later sent to Camp Stew- 
 art, and then was sent to France, sailing from Newport 
 News. Sailed from France July 11, 1919 and was dis- 
 cliarged at Camp Dodge, la., July 30, 1919. 
 
 RICHARD C. REGIER, ( 16)— Private, of Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. John H. Regier. Entered 
 :-, r, (h*. sirvce Stplf^mber 21, 1917 in Co. D, 351st Inf.„ 
 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred April 8, igi8 
 to i\Ied:cal DejarLment. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Tu"y 
 7. 1919. 
 
 LESTER J. PURRINGTON. (7)— Corporal, of Windom, 
 Minn. .Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Purrington. Entered 
 service January 2,-^, 1918 in Co. M, 6ist Inf., 5th Di-''. 
 Trained at Camp Greene, N. C. Sailed from Hoboken. 
 N. J., April 16, 1918 for Brest, France. Participated in 
 the St. Mihiel. \'iolu Hill, Le \'ogues, Argonne Forest and 
 Merhenry offensives. Was gassed in the Argonne Forest 
 October 12. 1918. Sailed from France January 10. 1019 
 and was discharged at Fort SnelHng March 14. 1919- 
 
 HENRY H. PETERSON, (8)— Corporal, of Westbrook. 
 Minn, Son of Mr. and Mrs. Hans H. Peterson. Entered 
 the service February 22, 1918 in Co. E. 313th Supp'y 
 Train, 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Promoted to rank 
 of F'irst Class Private March iS and to Corporal April 18, 
 1918. Sailed from New York August 24, 1918 for I-'rance 
 via Liverpool, England. Was with the A. E. F. and 
 served in the Haute Center Sector from October 12 to 
 November 4, 1919- Sailed from France May 21, 1919 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 28, 1919. 
 
 VALDIMAR K. QUEVLI, (9)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Quevli. Enlisted March 9. 
 19 18. Trained at Wilbur Wright Field. Transferred to 
 270th Air Squadron. Sailed from Camn Merritt for France 
 June 22, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., July 
 21, igig. 
 
 CHRIS J. QUADE, (10)— Private, of Comfrey, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Quade. Entered into the service 
 Feb. 22, 1918 in Co. A, 55th Eng., 85th Division. Trained 
 at Camp Dodge, la., and Camp Custer, Mich. Sailed from 
 
 WILLIAM H. REGIER, (17) — Corporal of Mountain 
 Lake. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Regier. Entered the 
 service October 23, 1918 in Co. V, 387th Reg., g7th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Cody. N. Mex. Promoted to rank of 
 Corporal Derember 4, 1918. Discharged at Camp Cody 
 Dec. 10, ypiS. 
 
 GUSTAVE E. RUPP, (18)— Private, of Westbrook, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Rupp. Entered, into the ser- 
 vice Feb. 22, 1918 in Battery A, 339th F. A.. 88th Div. 
 at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred April 12. 19 18 to Med. 
 Det., 163d Depot Brigade, March 15. 1919 to Headquarters 
 Co., 163d Depot Brigade, and on May 27th to Hdq. Det. 
 Demobilization Group. Received his discharge at Camp 
 Dodge, August 19, 19 19. 
 
 PETER r>. REMPEL, (19)— Machinist Mate First Class. 
 U. S. Navy, of Mountain Lake, Minn. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Deidrich Rempel. Entered the service June 28, 
 1 918 at Dun woody Naval Training Station. Transferred 
 Feb. 17, 1919 to Bay Ridge Receiving Ship, N. Y, 
 Transferred again on March 5, 1919 to U. S. S. Shoshone, 
 N. Y. Promoted to Machinist Mate 2d Class Feb. 17. 
 1919, and to First Class June 15. 1919. Sailed from New 
 York for St. Nazaire. F'rance. Was in the transport 
 service. Discharged at Minneapolis. Minn., August 8. 1919. 
 
 JACOB P. RATZLAFF, (20)— Private, of Mountain Lake. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter J. Ratzlaff. Entered 
 the service June 25, 191S in Co. 20, 161st Depot Brigade, 
 86th Div. Trained at Camp Grant, III. Transferred July 
 7, 1918 to Co. C, ist Dev. Battalion U. S. Army. Dis- 
 charged September 5. 19 18 on account of physical disa- 
 bility from Camp Dodge, la. 
 
% 
 
CHARLES D. RICHMOND, M. D. (i)— First Lieutenant, 
 M C of Teffers, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. 
 Richmond. "Enlisted Jan. ^8, IQ18 in Medical Officers 
 Reserve Corps. Trained at Fort Riley, Kansas. 1 rans- 
 ferred to the 34th Division March 19, 1919- Sailed from 
 Camp Dix Sept. 11, 19 iS for France, where he spent 
 about seven months in the hospital service. Returned to 
 the States May i, 1919. and was discharged at Camp Up- 
 ton. N. v., May 20, 1919- 
 
 JOHN N. ROSS, (2) — Sergeant, of Westbrook, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Grant Ross. Entered the service Sept. 
 ^i, 1917 from Cottonwood County, and was sent to Camp 
 Dodge. la., in Co. D. 351st Inf., S8th Div. Transferred 
 Nov. 21 1917 to Co. D. 346th Inf., 87th Div. at Camp Pike, 
 Ark. Transferred Sept. 18, 1918 to Inf. C. O. T. S. of the 
 S8th Div. Promoted to Corporal October 30, 19 17 and 
 to Sergeant August i. 1918. Date of discharge not given. 
 
 GEORGE D. RUHBERG. (3)— Private, of Storden. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Ruhberg. Entered the ser- 
 vice Feb. 8. 1918 in the 16th Casual, Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo. Transferred Feb. 22, 1918 to Aero Squadron 620. at 
 Kellv Field; and again Mar. 20. 1918 to 325th Aero 
 Squadron, at Morrison, Va. Transferred again June 5, 
 1918 to 325th Aero Squadron, Mulberry Island. Sailed 
 from New York, Tuly 26, 191S for France via Liverpool, 
 England. Returned to the States Dec. i, igiS and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 20, 1918. 
 
 CLAUDE E. ROGERS, (4)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Homer Rogers. Enlisted Dec. 14. 
 1917 in Truck Co. 4, 23d Engineers. Trained at Camp 
 Meade, Md. Sailed for France Mar. 30. igiS and par- 
 ticipated in the battles of St. Mihiel, Sept. 12. lo Sept. 
 16. and the Meuse-Argonne from Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, 
 191 8. Sailed from France June 7, 19 19 an<i was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., July 18, jgig. 
 
 RALPH R. ROEMER. (5)— Fireman U. S. Navy, of Jeffers. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Roemer. Enlisted 
 May 7, 1917- Received training at the Great Lakes 
 Training Station, also at Philadelphia, Penn., and was 
 transferred Sept. 8. 1917 to U. S. S. New York. Sailed 
 from New York Harbor for duty in the North Sea. Par- 
 ticipated in twenty-one engagements with German sub- 
 marines. His ship was damaged once by being rammed 
 in the propeller blades by an enemy submarine. He 
 served thirteen months with the British Grand Fleet. Was 
 also on the scene of the surrender of the German high 
 seas fleet. Discharged at Hampton Roads, Va., May 31, 
 1919. 
 
 GEORGE H. RAXU, (i i 1— Corporal, of Jeffers, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Rand. Entered the service Feb. 
 12, 1918 in Co. I, 58th Inf., 4th Div. Camp Green, N. C. 
 Sailed for France May 7. 19 18 by way of London, Eng. 
 Participated in the St. Mihiel, Toulon. Marne and Ar- 
 gonne offensives. Received citation for bravery in the 
 Argonne offensive. He was with the Army uf Occupation 
 nine months. Sailed from France July 24, igig. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Aug. S, 1919- 
 
 PAUL REESE. (12) — Private First Class, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Reese. Entered the service 
 Feb. 25, 1918 in Med. Dept., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
 ferred Sept. 25. 1918 to Evacuation Hosp. No. 25, again 
 May 1, 1919, to Hosp. Train No. 8, and Aug. 15. 1919 to 
 Hosj. Train No. 69. Sailed for France Nov. 12, 1918, and 
 returned from France Oct. 25, 1919 and was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Nov. 10, 1919- 
 
 WALTER E. RISTVEDT, (13)— Seaman Second Class, of 
 Westbrook, Minnesota. Son of Mrs. John Ristvedt. En- 
 tered the service May 10, igi8 and trained at Great Lakes 
 Naval Training Camp. Transterred June 7. 1918 to B"-nnk- 
 lyn. New York, and on June 11, 19 18 to Philadelphia. 
 Sailed from Philadelphia for Queenstown, Ireland June 13. 
 1918, and served seven months in European W'aters during 
 the war and made three trips with troop Transport. Dis- 
 charged at Alinneapolis, Minn., Aug. 28, 19 19. 
 
 FRANK A. RANDALL, (14)— Private, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of John S. Randall. Entered the service Feb. 22, 
 
 1918 in Co. M, 350th Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred April 6, 191S to Lo. A, 117th int.. 30th Div., 
 Camp Sevier, S. C. Sailed from Hoboken for France via 
 England, May 11, 191S. Served in the Front Line 
 Trenches at Ypres. Camel Hill No. 60 and Hindenburg 
 Line. He was gassed in a battle at Brancourt, Oct. 8, 
 1918. Private Randall and .'\. G. Mite. Rifle Granaders, 
 knocked out a German Machine Gun Nest, and opened the 
 way for the 117th Inf. to pass through near Brancourt, 
 France. Oct. S, 1918. Returned to the U. S. March 16, 
 
 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, April 10, 1919. 
 
 ALBERT M. RENQUIST, (15)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and iVlrs. Oscar Kenquist. Entered the seivicf 
 June 25. 1918 in Co. A., 342nd Inf.. 86th Div., Camp 
 Grant, 111. Sailed from New York, Sept. 9, 19 18 for 
 France via Liverpool, Eng. Transferred to ilachine Gun 
 Co., 56tb Inf.. 7th Div., Camp Bordeaux, France. Par- 
 ticipated in two engagements, the Privenelle Sector. Re- 
 turned to the U. S. June 17, 1919 and discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, July 5, 1919. 
 
 BTARNE RA\ N. M. D., (6)— First Lieutenant, of Win- 
 "doni, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. Ravn, INIerriJl, Wis. 
 Enlisted June 26, 1919 and entered the service Sept. 4, 
 1919, in M. O. T. G. at Camp Greenleaf. Transferred to 
 Evacuation Hospital Group, Camp Greenleaf, Oct. 11, 1919- 
 Discharged at Camp Greenleaf Dec. 9, 1919- 
 
 MEAD E. ROGERS, (7) — Private, of Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Rogers. Enlisted Oct. 23, 1918 in 
 13th Prov. Ret. Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 7, 1919- 
 
 ERIC E. RECTOR. (8)— Sergeant, of Mountain Lake. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Re(*tor. Entered the 
 service Sept. 21, 19 17 in Co. D. 351st Inf., 88th Div., 
 Camp Dodge, la. Transferred November, 1917. to Co. 
 D, 346th Inf., 87th Div. and again in April, 1918 to Co. 
 L, 39tb Inf., 4th Div. Sailed for France, May 10, 19 1/- 
 Participated in the Aisne-Marne Offensive, St. Mihiel, 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, and with the Army of Occu- 
 pation. Was wounded in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne 
 Oct. 12, 1918. Made Sergeant Sept. 8, 1918. Sailed from 
 France July 30, 1919 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 la., Aug. 13. 1919. 
 
 KLA.VS ROL, (16) — Sergeant, of Windom, Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Klaas Kol. Entered the service May 2, 
 1918 in Co. F. 6th Ammunition train, oth lnv., b ..rlen- 
 burg, S. C. Sailed from New Y'ork, July 16, 1918 for 
 Le Havre, France, i^articipaied in tne AKuse-Argonn^; 
 offensive. He was promoted to the rank of horse shoer, 
 June 15, 1918 and to Sergeant Nov. 19, 1918, was takkn 
 sick with pneumonia March 5, 1919 and sent home as a 
 Casual and was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May n7, 
 1919. 
 
 H.^ L. SAMPSON, C17)— Private, of Westbrook, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Sampson. Entered the service 
 Aug. 27, 191 8 in Co. 8, i6ist Depot Brigade, Camp 
 Grant, ill. Transferred Sept. 27, 1918 to - amp Jrian- 
 cock, Georgia, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Feb. 
 28, 1919. 
 
 GRANT SMITH, (18)— Private, of Windom, Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. George Smith. Entered the service Nov.* 
 II, 191S in tne \J. b. Maruies at Mmneapolis, Almn., and 
 was transferred to Paris Island, 442d Co.. Bn. B. U. S. 
 M. C. At the time of this publication is still in the ser- 
 vice with Marine Corps in Italy. 
 
 ARTHUR L. RENQUIST. (9)— Corporal, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Renquist. Enlisted April 17, 
 1 91 7 in First Minnesota G., 34th Div., Fort Snelling. 
 Transferred to Camp Cody, July 25, igi8 in Co. M, i6ist 
 Inf., 41st Div. Sailed for France July 29, 1918 and re- 
 turned to the U. S. in May, 1919, and was discharged at 
 Camp Mills, New York, June 23, igig- 
 
 WILL SORTORIUS, <; 19)— Private, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Jlrs. Wm. Sortorious. Entered service 
 June 26, igi8 in Co. L. 342d Inf., 86th Div.. Camp Grant. 
 111. Sailed from New Y'ork Sept. g, 1918 for France. 
 Participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive Nov. 7 to 
 II, 1918. Returned to the States and received Ids dis- 
 charge at Camp Grant, June 10, 1919. 
 
 JOHN E. RAND, (10)— Private First Class, of Jeffers, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Rand. Entered the 
 service Sept. 14, 1917 in Minnesota 2d Field Artillery. 
 Transferred Jan. 18, 1918 to the 6ist Inf., 5th Div. at 
 Camp Greene, N. C. Sailed for France the fore part of 
 19 18 and participated in the Voge Mts.. St. Mihiel. 
 Meuse-Argonne drives. Wounded in the Meuse-Argonne 
 drive Oct. 16, 1918. Discharged at Camp Grant May 28. 
 1919. 
 
 REMMER E. SAXTON, (20)— Corporal, Jeffers. Minn. 
 Son of John Saxton. Entered the service Sept. 21, 1917. 
 in Co. K. 345th Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge. Iowa. 
 Transferred Nov. 25, 1917 to the 87th Div., Camp Pike. 
 Sailed from N. Y. for France via Liverpool. Eng. Served 
 as Munition Tester and Convoyer from Advance Depot No. 
 4. Returned to U. S. Dec. 28, 1918 and was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 18, 1919. 
 
HARRY SOLEM, (i)— Sergeant, of Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Solem. Entered the service 
 April 8, 19 18 in Aviation School at Cincinnati, Ohio, at- 
 tached to the 41st Division. Transferred June 10, igi8 
 to Camp Jackson, S. C. in the Art Replacement Camp. 
 Sailed from Camp Merritt, X. J., June 20, igiS for France. 
 Promoted to the rank of Sergeant Sept. 2S, 19 18. Re- 
 turned to U. S. March 26, 1919. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, April 22, 1919. 
 
 SIMOX C. SNYDER. (2)— Private, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. K. Snyder. Entered the service 
 April 8, 1918 in the U. of C. Cincinnati, Ohio. Trans- 
 ferred July 20, 19 1 8 to Headquarters Co., 147th F. A., 
 32d Div. Sailed from New York for France via Eng- 
 land. Returned to the U. S. May 1, 1919 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, May 25, 19 ip- 
 
 DEWEY E. SEVERSON, (3)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of E. J. Severson. Entered the service Oct. 1 1, 
 1918 in Co. S, Reg. i. University of Minn., S. A. T. C, 
 Alinneapolis, Minn. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 Dec. II, 1918. 
 
 2Ti, 1918, from Cottonwood Co. and was sent to Camp For- 
 rest, Ga., in the 13th Prov. Ret. Co., and was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, in the fore part of January, 19 19. 
 He again re-enlisted Feb. 7. 1919, in the Merchant Ma- 
 rine, and at the time of this publication is still in the 
 service, with the rank of Petty Officer. 
 
 COXKAD STEEN, ( 12)— Bugler, Walnut Grove, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Steen. Entered the service 
 July 13, 19 18 from Cottonwood Co., in Battery B, .sth 
 Reg. at Camp Zachary Taylor. He was later transferred 
 to Co. £ of the same regiment in the Field Artillery. Was 
 discharged at Camp Taylor Dec. 14, igiS. 
 
 JACOB A. SCHMIDT. { i.^)— Private. Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Schmidt, entered the 
 service April 29, 1918 in Co. H, 349th Inf., 88th Div. at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred May 3, igiS, to 35^d 
 Reg. Hospital, 88th Div., and in June in the 163d Depot 
 Brigade, and on Sept. 19, 1918, to the Quartermasters* 
 Dept. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 13, 
 1919. 
 
 SA:\I SMEDEGAARD. (4)— Gunner, of Westbrook. Minn. 
 Enlisted in Minneapolis. Minn., in the Canadian Artillery. 
 Sailed from Montreal, Canada, for England where he re- 
 ceived his training and then was sent to France, where 
 he participated in the \'alenciennes, Amiens, Hill X'o. 70 
 and Vimy Rirfge Offensives. Gunner Smedegaard was 
 wounded in the battle of Amiens Aug. 3, 19 18 and was 
 discharged at Winnipeg. Canada, March 30, 19 19. 
 
 CLYDE H. SHAXEK, ( 14)— Private, Storden. Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Shaner. Entered the service 
 July 29, 1918 in Co. A, 211th Engineers at Camp Forrest. 
 Ga. Was transferred Sept. 12. 1918 to Co. I, ist Train- 
 ing Bn., and on Oct. 12, 1918 to Camp Hospital at C; 
 Forrest, Ga. Received his discharge at C "^ ~ 
 
 Ga., Dec. 24, 1918. 
 
 __ _ami' 
 am;) Forrest, 
 
 HEXRY J. SCHMIDT, (5)— Private, of Jeffers, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Schmidt. Entered the service 
 Feb. 18, igiS in Co. I, 4th Div., Camp Green, S. C. 
 Sailed from New York for Calais, France and participated 
 in the Battle of Chateau-Thierry. Wounded in the battle 
 of Chateau-Thierry on Aug. 4, 1918, disabling him for 
 three months after which he returned for active duty to 
 his company. He returned to the XJ. S. March 5, igrg 
 and was discharged at Camp Zachary Taylor April 16, 1919. 
 
 PAUL H. SENST, (6)— Corporal, of Jeffers, Minn. Son 
 of Otto Senst. Entered the service Dec. 10, 1917 in Med. 
 Dept., Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, July 28, 1919. 
 
 FREDERICK W. SCHNEIDER, (7)— Private, of West- 
 brook, Minn. Son of Fred Schneider. Entered the ser- 
 vice June 25, 1918 in Co. M, 341st Inf., 86th Div., Camp 
 Grant, 111. Transferred latter part of October, 19 iS to 
 Co. I, 317th Inf., 80th Div. Sailed from Hoboken, X. J., 
 for Le Havre, France via Liverpool. Eng. Participated in 
 the Meuse-Argonne offensives. Sailed for the U. S. ATay 
 20, 19 ig and was discharged at Camp Grant, IlL, June 16, 
 igig. 
 
 EDWIN HENRY SCHRICHER, (8)— Private, of West- 
 
 brook, Minn. Son of 
 service June 25, 19 18 
 Div., Camp Grant, 111. 
 Camp Upton, New York. 
 1918 for Liverpool, Eng 
 
 Mr. Tohn Schricher. Ent^r^^d 
 in Co. K, 342d Inf., 86th 
 
 Transferred Aug. 24, 19 1 8 to 
 Sailed from New York Sept. 9, 
 
 and sailed from France July i. 
 
 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 10, "1919. 
 
 SEGARD CARL SKABRUD. (g)— First Class Private, Win- 
 dom. Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. O. Skabrud. En- 
 tered the service from Cottonwood Co., Sept. 21, 1917, in 
 Co. I). 321st Inf.. S8th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
 ferred to Auxiliary Remount Depot 322, at Camp Dodge. 
 Was employed as horseman, and breaking mules. Was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Mar. 25, 1919. 
 
 I^RED SARTORIUS. (10)— Infantry, Windom, Minn. Son 
 of W. M. Sartorius. Entered the service Tune 25, 1918, 
 in Co. A, 14th Battalion, at Camp Grant, 111. Trans- 
 ferred July 16, 19 18 to Ft. Niagara, X. Y., and Aug. 17, 
 1918 to Curtis Bay, Md., and then to Camp Mead. Tan, 
 15, 1919. Discharged at Cam.) Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1919. 
 
 HARRY P. SCHMOTZER, ( 1 0— Private, Jeffers. Minn. 
 Son of Mrs. John Schmotzer. Entered the service Oct. 
 
 PERCY E. SHAXER, (15)— Corporal, Storden. Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Shaner. Entered the service 
 June 26, 1917 from Cottonwood Co. and was sent to 
 Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and then to Camp Fort Mc- 
 pherson, Ga. Jan. 6, igiS he was transferred to Fort 
 Oglethorpe, Ga.. and on April 12. 1918 to Camp Joseph 
 E. Johnston. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Mar. 
 21, 1919. 
 
 RAY F. SMITH, (16) — Private First Class. Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Smith. Enlisted July 13. iQi? 
 in Ambulance Co. 15, 2d Div. at Ft. Benjamin Harrison. 
 Sailed from Hoboken, X. J., Dec. i, 19 17. for Brest, 
 France. Participated in the following Offensives: Verdun 
 and Toul Troyas Sector; Chateau Thierry, Soissons, Mar- 
 bache Sector, BHnc Mont Champagne advance, and the 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, and served about 6 months 
 with the Army of Occupation. Returned to the U. S. 
 April 20. igig. and was discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, 
 May 29, 19 19. 
 
 COURTNEY F. SOULE, (17)— Private. Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Soule. Entered the service 
 Sent. 21, 1917 from Cottonwood Co.. and was sent to 
 Camp Dodee, la. in Co. D, 351st Inf., S8th Div. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. I, 346th Inf., 87th Div. at Camp Pike. On 
 April 15. rgiS to Co. D, 3gth Inf., 4th Div. at Camp 
 Greene, N. C. Sailed for France June 4' ig^S. Par- 
 ticipated in the Chateau-Thierry. St. Mihiel and the Meuse- 
 Argonne offensives, and was wounded in the Argonne on 
 Oct 10, igiS. Reairned to the U. S. Mar. 11. igig. and 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa. April i, 1919. 
 
 PERCY SANDS. (18) — Mechanic. Windom, :Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Peter Sands. Entered the service Feb. 22. 
 T918 in Co. E, 313th Am. Train, SSth Div., Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Transferred Mar. 24. 191 8 to the 33d Engrs. at 
 Devens, Mass., and on Sept. i, igi8 to the 5th E. L. R. 
 Co. I at Humphreys, Va. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 8, igig. 
 
 CL.\UDE W. SHANER, (19)— Private First Class, Storden. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Shaner. Entered 
 the service May i, igiS and was sent to Camp Lewis. 
 Wash. From there he was transferred to a Camp in San 
 I'-rancisco, Cal. No date was given as to when he was 
 discharged. 
 
 TOHN H. SOLEM, (20)— Corporal, Windom. Minn. En- 
 tered the service May 17. igi8 in the i6th Aero service 
 and was sent to Camp Sevier. S. C, and later was sent 
 to Camp Mills. N. Y. Sailed from New York for France 
 via Eneland. .\uc. 20, lOiS. Returned to the U. S. and 
 was discharged at Camp Grant. 111., Feb. 17, ig^Q- 
 

 
EMIL M. SYKQRA. (i)— Private, Storden, Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Sykora. Entered the service June 15, 
 1918, in Co. 2, at the University of Minnesota. Was 
 transferred .Aug. 14. 191S, to Co. E, 311th Eng. 86th Div., 
 Camp Grant, 111. Sailed from New York for France via 
 Liverpool Sept. 9, 1918. Private Sykora was injured 
 while in France by being run over by one of the large 
 army trucks. Sailed for the U. S. June 10, 1919, and 
 was discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., July 31, 1919. 
 
 vice April 28, 1918, in 33Sth Artillery, 84th Div. at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred May 18, 1918 to Supply Train, 
 Camp Travis, Texas. Sailed from New York June 14, 
 191S to Le Havre, France, via Liverpool, England. Par- 
 ticipated in the St. Mihiel and Verdun offensives. Re- 
 turned to the States May 28, 1919, and was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., June 14, 1919. 
 
 ABRAH.AM D. STOESZ, (2)— Son of Detrich Stoesz, Moun- 
 tain Lake, Minn. Entered the service Oct. 23, 1918, and 
 was sent to Camp Cody, New Mexico, and was rejected 
 on account of physical disability. 
 
 LORENZ E. SEVERSON, (3I — Private, Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Severson. Entered the ser- 
 vice June 21, 1918, in Co. H, 344th Inf., 86th Div.. at 
 Camp Grant, 111. Transferred Mar. 19, 1919, to Co. H, 
 4th Provisional Forwarding Camp, A. E. C. and then to 
 Co. H, I2th Bn. and in June. 1919, to Casual Co. 1272. 
 Sailed for France from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 22, 1918, 
 and returned to the V. S. June 29, 1919. and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919. 
 
 ANDREW H. STIEGELMEYER, ( 12)— Private, of Win- 
 dom, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Stiegelmeyer. 
 Entered the service Tune 25, 1918 in Co. 20, 86th Div. 
 at Camp Grant. 111. "Transferred July 15, 1918 to Camp 
 Robinson to the 86th Div. Sailed from U. S. for 
 France Sept. 17. 19:8. Returned to the States Jan. 20, 
 1919, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Feb. 18, 
 1919. 
 
 GLENN IT. SHOEN. (13) —Private, of Comfrey, Minn. En- 
 tered the service Tune 25, 1918. Trained at Camp Grant, 
 111., in the 311th 'Sanitary Train of 344th Ambulance Co. 
 from which he was transferred to Co. C, 36th Bn.. U. S. 
 Guards and stationed at Fort Sheridan until discharged 
 Jan. 23. 1919. 
 
 OBERT S.VNDS, Ul— Private First Class, Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Sands. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21, 1Q17. in Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Camp 
 Dodge, Tow^a. Transferred Nov. I, 191 7. to Quartermaster 
 Corns, Cami) Codv, New Mcx., and received his discharge 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 3, 1919. 
 
 LESLIE J. SIGSTAD, (.O— Private. Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Sigstad. Entered the service Aug. 
 15, igrS, and was trained at the L^niversity of Minn. 
 Transferred Oct. 16, 191S. to Camp Penniman, A'a.. on 
 Jan. 12, tqtS, to Camp Curtis, Mich., and on Jan. 22. 
 1919, to Ft. Wingate. New Mexico. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 3, 19 19. 
 
 FR.XNK A. SCHOTTLE, Ce)— Wagoner, Windom. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Schnttle. Entered the 
 service April 8, igiS, in Co. C, Corps, --\rtillery Park 
 Div. at Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred June rr, I9r8. to 
 Camp Jackson, S. C, and July 15, 1918, to Camp Wads- 
 worth. Sailed for France Aug. 28, 191S, and partici- 
 I)ated in the Mense-Argonne offensive. Returned from 
 France June 23, 1919, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July II, 1919. 
 
 JOHN F. S.\NGER, (7)— Private, Windom, Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Sanger. Entered the service Sept. 
 10, igiS, in the Minnesota Clerical Dept., at Ft. Snelling, 
 Minn., and was transferred tn Worthington, Minn., to 
 assist the Nobles Co. Draft Board. Was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Dec. 2ji, 191S. 
 
 RICHARD SCHOPPER, (8)— Private, Jeffers, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Schopper. Entered the service 
 June 23, 1918, in Co. 20, Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 
 111. Transferred Aug. 17, 1918, to the 14th Co. Cavalry. 
 Camp Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 
 IS. 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE SCRIVENER, (9)— Private, Storden. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. I. Scrivner. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21, 1917, in Co. B, 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp 
 
 - Dodge, Iowa. Transferred April. 191S, to Co. B, 130th 
 M. G. Bn., 35th Div. Sailed for France with his Di- 
 vision and participated in the following offensives: Alsace 
 Lorraine Sector, and on July 30, 1918 met strong raid- 
 ing party, the \'erdun sector, and the Mense-Argonne of- 
 fensives. Returned to the U. S. -April 14, 1919. and 
 was discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, May 3, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR P. STEINKE. f 10)— Private. Dundee, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Gust Steinke. Entered the service from 
 Cottonwood Co. in the ninety-third division, at Camp 
 Grant, III. Was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 6, 
 1919. 
 
 FRED STENKE. fii) — Wagoner, of Mountain Lake, Minn., 
 son of Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Stenke. Entered the ser- 
 
 \RTHUR R. STILTS, (14I— -Mess Sereeant, of Storden, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Tim Stilts. Entered mto 
 the service June 17. 1918 in Co. -'\. ^i?,7th Engineers. 
 Trained at Camp Humiihreys. Va. Sailed from Ho- 
 boken Sept. 29. totS for France. Returned to the 
 States July s. 1919. and was discharged at Camp Dodge. 
 Ta., July 27, 1919. 
 
 ERNEST H. SCHROEDER, ds)— Private, of Mountain 
 Lake, Mmn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Schroeder. 
 Entered the service May 31. 1018 >n,Tro"P n,3i.^th Cav- 
 alry. Trained at Fort D. A. Russell, Wyo. Transferred 
 August iS, 1918 to Battery D, -1st F. A iitb T^iv at 
 Camp Henry Knox, Ky., where he was discharged Ian. 
 31. 1919. 
 
 GUV F SYLVESTER, (•16)— Private, of Einghain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sylvester. Entered 
 the service Tune 23, 1918 in the Depot Brigade and was 
 trained at C"amn Grant. 111. Transferred July 15 to 332d 
 Machine Gun Bn. Sailed from New \ ork Sent. 14, I9i8 
 for Southampton, England, where he spent two and 
 one-balf months before he went to France. Spent three 
 and one-half months in France, returning to the States 
 Feb. 9. 1919, and was discharged at Camp Grant, .March 
 10, 1919. 
 
 FR \NK SITULTE, (17I— Private, of Mountain Lake. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Shulte, Wellsburg, la. 
 Entered the service Aug. 28. 1918 in Co. i. First Division 
 at Camp Grant, III. Received his discharge at Camp 
 Grant Jan. 6, 1919. 
 
 WALTER R SMITH. (18) — Private, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. George Smith. Entered the service 
 May 27. 1918 in Co. D. 316th Ammunition Tram. 91st 
 Div Trained at Camp Lewis. Wash. Transferred .Aug. 
 7. 1918 to 7th Div. at Camp Merritt. N. J. Sailed from 
 New York Aug. 18. 1918 for Brest, France. Returned to 
 the States June 12, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., June 30, 1919. 
 
 E\"ERETT L. STINES, (19)— Private First Class, of Win- 
 dom, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Homer Stines. En- 
 tered the service Tan. 29, 1918 in Co. C. 9th Field Signal 
 Bn. attached to Hdq. Co.. 6ist Inf., 5th Div. Trained at 
 Camp S. F. B. Morse. Leon Springs, Texas. Sailed from 
 Hoboken, N. L, for St. Nazaire, France. Participated in 
 the St. Mihiel and Mense-Argonne offensives. Sailed 
 from France July 14, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Aug. 4. 19 19. 
 
 L.ARS L. SVALL-AND, (20)— Private, of Heron Lake. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Lars Svalland of Bergen, Norway. 
 Entered the service Oct. 2^. 1918 in Co. F, 3.?7th Inf., 
 97th Div. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge. la.. Dec. 13. 1918. 
 

 
 
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CLARENCE E. SEVERSON, d)— Corporal. VViiiHom. Mmn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. .T- B. Severpon. Knterpd Ihe ser- 
 vice in Headquarters Co.. 349th Inf., 88tli Div. at C:i!t^ 
 Dodge. Iowa. Was transferred May 15, 19 iB to Co. K, 
 360th Inf.. 90th Div. at Camp Travis, Texas. Sailed from 
 New York for France June 14, 1918 and participated in 
 the Villers-en-Haye Aug. 24 to Sept. ir, 1918; St. Mihiel 
 offensive Sept. 12 to 16, 1918; Puvenelle Sector Sept. 17. 
 to Oct. 10, 191S; Meuse--\rgonne offensive Oct. 12 to 
 Nov. II, 1918. Received citation for the part taken in 
 capturing the LeGrand Carre Farm, in the .'Vrgonne offen- 
 sive, Nov. I, 1918. Promoted to rank of First Class 
 Private Oct. 18, 1918 and to Corporal Nov. 18, 1918. Re- 
 turned to the States May 27, 1919, and was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 14, 1919. 
 
 MORRIS E. SEVERSON, (2)— Private, Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Severson, entered the ser- 
 vice Aug. 9, 1918 in Co. I, 7th Inf., 3d Div., at Camp 
 McArthur, Texas. Transferred Oct. 9, 1918 to Co. G, 
 331st Inf., 3d Div. at Camp LaSuze, France. Arrived in 
 France Oct. 4. 1918, and after the signing of the Armis- 
 tice, served with the Army of Occupation for about seven 
 months, and on Aug. 4. 19 19, joined the Band, 3d Army 
 Composite Reg. Returned to the U. S. Sept. I, 1919, 
 and was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Sept. 27, 19 19. 
 
 ALMER G. SEVYERSON, (3)— Sergeant, of Windom, 
 Minn. Son of Julius Severson. Enlisted April 19, 1917 
 in Co. G, 135th Int., 34th Div. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. 
 Promoted to rank of Corporal Oct. 20, 1917 and to Ser- 
 geant June I, 1918. Sailed from New York Oct. 12, 
 1918 for France. Returned to the States March 21, 1919 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAM C. TAYLOR, (10)— Cook, of Windom, Minn. 
 Born March 14. 1890. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver B 
 Taylor, Pans, III. Entered the service June 25, igi8 in 
 Co. K, 342d Inf., 171st Div. Trained at Rockford, 111. 
 He sailed from N. Y. Sept. 9, 1918, for Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, and later to France. He left France June 16, 1919. 
 He was promoted to rank of Cook Oct. 20, 1918. It also 
 appears that he participated in action on the Provelle 
 Sector Oct. 26 to Nov. 11, 1918. He was discharged at 
 Rockford, 111., July 8, 1919. 
 
 AN*DREW T. THOMPSON, (11)— Private, of Storden, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew J. Thompson. En- 
 tered the service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf., 88th 
 Div. at Camp Dodge, la. Transferred Oct. 29, 19 17 to 
 Wagon Co. i, 313th Am. Train. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Dec. 20, 1917. 
 
 AARON P TIESSEN, (-12)— Private, of Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter A. Tiessen. Entered 
 the service July 23, 1918 in Co. F, 4th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 10, 1919. 
 
 BERT H. TIBBEDEAUX, (-13)— Machinist Mate, 2d Class, 
 son of Mr. and Mrs. Tuffel Tibbedeaux of Jeffers, Minn. 
 Entered the service Jan. 18. 1918 in 35th U. S. Naval 
 Air Station. Trained at Pensacola, Fla. Transferred Feb. 
 6, 1918 to Co. 9, Aviation Unit at Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Transferred again to Aviation Unit, Co. C, Great Lakes, 
 and again Sept. 28, 1918 to 6th Naval Air Squadron at 
 Pensacola. Fla. Promoted to Machinist Mate 2d class, 
 Dec. I, igi8. Discharged at Pensacola, Fla., Feb. 12, 
 1019. 
 
 HAROLD E. STEDMAN. (4)— Private, of Windom, Minn. 
 Born April 17, 1896. Son of Edgar Stedman. Entered 
 service Dec. 22, 1917 in 8ist Co., U. S. M. C. Trained 
 at Paris Island and transferred in March, 1918. to Co. 
 22, 1st Reg. U. S. M. C. League Island Navy Yard, 
 Philadelpia, and again on May 20, 1919 to Searchlight 
 Platoon, St. Thomas V. I. of U. S., Danish W. Indies. 
 Discharged in V, S. Naval Ammunition Depot, St. Ju- 
 liens Creek, Va., .^ug. 30, 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE J. SCHOTTLE, (5)— Private, of Windom. 
 Minn., son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Schottle. Entered the 
 service ]May 20, 1918 in the loist Marine Corps at Paris 
 Island, S. C. Transferred June 16. 1918 to Norfolk, Va. 
 Discharged at the Marine Barrack, Norfolk, \'a.. May 10, 
 1919. 
 
 THEODORE G. THOMPSON, (6)— Corporal, of Windom, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Thompson. Entered 
 the service June 25, 1917 in Co. F, 136th Inf., 34th Div. 
 at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Sailed from Hoboken. N. J. via 
 Liverpool, England for LeHavi e, France. Sailed from St. 
 Nazaire, France. Jan. 11, 1919 and arrived at Hoboken, 
 N. J. Promoted to rank of Corporal Sept. 15, 19 18. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Giant, 111., Feb. 8, 1919. 
 
 EVERETT E. TURNBULL, (7)— Mechanic. Jeffers, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. J. TurnbuM. Entered the ser- 
 vice at Windom, Minn., May 25, 1918, and was sent 
 to Camp Lewis, Wash. On Sept. 1, 1918 was transferred 
 to the 13th Field Artillery in the 4th Division. Sailed 
 from Hoboken for France via England, where he partic- 
 ipated in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, and was with the 
 Army of Occupation from Nov. 11, 19 18 to March 11, 
 1919. returning to the States April 7, 1919 and was dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 7, 19 19. 
 
 JOHN H. THIESSEN, (14)— Private, of Mountain, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Thiessen. Entered the ser- 
 vice Dec. 21, 1917 in Co. B, 19th Div. at Camp Dodge, 
 la. Discharged at Camp Dodge Jan. 21, 1919. 
 
 ALFRED THOMPSON, (15)— Private, of Westbrook, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Hans Thompson. Entered the ser- 
 vice Oct. 23. 19:8 in 13th Prov. Rect. Co. at Camp For- 
 rest, Ga. Transferred Dec. 12, 1918 to Ft. Oglethorpe, 
 Ga. Discharged at Camp Custer Feb. 28, 1919. 
 
 PALMER M. THOMPSON, (16)— Private First Class, of 
 Windom, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Thompson. 
 Entered the service May 30. 1917 in Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div. at Camp Cody, N. Mex. Sailed from Hoboken, 
 N. J.^ June 28, 1918 for I'rance. Transferred to 318th 
 Inf. Supply Co., 8oth Div. Was in action in the Meuse- 
 Argonne from Oct. 29 to the signing of the Armistice. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 10, 1919. 
 
 OTTO CHARLES TOSCH, (17)— First Class Seaman, Man- 
 kato, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Tosch. Entered 
 the service from Cottonwood Co. Mar. 19, 1918 in the 
 U. S. Navy and was trained at Cape May, New Jersey. 
 Was then transferred to the U. S. S. Edeora, a submarine 
 patrol ship, which had charge of si.x American Submarines, 
 which were employed as convoys to and from the war 
 zone. He never landed on foreign soil. Was discharged 
 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard Mar. 25, 19 19. 
 
 ARTHUR E. TILLISCH, fi8)— First Class Private, Win- 
 dom, Minn. Son of Jacob Tillisch. Entered the service 
 from Cottonwood Co. Sept. 3, 1918 in Co. E, 5th Train- 
 ing Reg. at Camp Grant. III. Transferred Oct. 17, 1918 
 to the Aux. Remount Depot, and received his discharge 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Date not given. 
 
 WILLIAM H. TURNBULL, (8)— Corporal, Jeffers. Minn. 
 Entered the service Aug. 15, 1918 from Cottonwood Co. 
 and was sent to the University of Minnesota in the Me- 
 chanical Division. Nov. 15, 1918, he was transferred to 
 Camp Hancock, Ga., in the M. T. C. Div. and on Dec. 
 28, 1918 to the Motor Transport Division. Private Turn- 
 bull was sick a great part of the time he was in the ser- 
 vice and was thus prevented from going to France. Re- 
 ceived his discharge at Camp Hancock, Ga., March 15, 
 1919. 
 
 CLARENCE TORKELSON, C 19)— Private, Lamberton, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Torkelson. Entered the 
 service from Cottonwood Co. Jan. 25, 1918, in the i6ist 
 Depot Brii'ade at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred Inly 16, 
 1918 to Co. M, 341st Inf., 86th Div., Camp Grant. 111., 
 and on Oct. 8, igi8 to Co. E, 353d Inf., 89th Div., 
 Camp LTpton, N. Y. Sailed from New York for Le Havre, 
 France, via Liverpool, England. Private Torkelson par- 
 ticipated in the battle of Argonne Forest and was wound- 
 ed on Nov. r, 1918. Returned to the U. S. Jan. 12, 1919 
 and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 2, 19 19. 
 
 ERNEST H. TURNER, (9)— Corporal, of Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Turner. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at Camp 
 Dodge, la. Transferred Nov. 20, 1917 to 87th Div. at 
 Camp Pike, Ark. Was transferred with the S7th Div. 
 to Camp Dix, N. J., June 19, 1918. Sailed from Hobo- 
 ken, N. J., for France via Liverpool, Southampton and 
 LeHavre, France. Returned to the States April 16, 19 19 
 and was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 7 1919 
 
 ADOLPH TORKELSON, (20)— Private, First Class, Lam- 
 berton, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Torkelson. En- 
 tered the service July 23. 1918 in Co. F. 4th Reg.. 67th 
 Div. at Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and was later transferred 
 to Co. A, 3d Reg., 67th Div. at the same camp. Sailed 
 from Newport News Aug. 30, 1918. for France, and par- 
 ticipated in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, returning to 
 the U. S. and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
 29, 1919. 
 

IIICXKV W. TKK UROKW. ( i ) — Musician Second Class, 
 Mountain Lake, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Herman 
 Teichroew, entered the service July 26, 1918 from Cotton- 
 wood Co. in Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf. at 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Sailed from Newport News for 
 Brest. France, Aug. 30. 1918,^ and participated in the 
 JMeuse-Argonne offensive from Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, 1918. 
 Also served with the Army of Occupation from November, 
 
 1918 to June, 1919. Returning tn the U. S. June 13, 
 
 1 9 19 and was discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 
 1919. 
 
 and served with the Army of Occu]>ation. returning to 
 the States Aug. i, 19 19 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 16, 19 19. 
 
 PAUL A. X'tF.RI^GC.Ii:, ( 1 1) — Private, Windom, Minn. S^on 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Vieregge. Entered the service 
 July 15, 1918, and was sent to Dunwoody, and was trans- 
 ferred to Camp J. E. Johnston in the JS'I. T. C. on Sept. 
 13. 1918, and to Camp Dix in the M. T. C. on Jan. 2, 
 1919, and was discharged at Camp Dix, May 18, 19 19. 
 
 WILLIAM L. THOMPSON, (2)— We were unable to get 
 record of Mr. Thompson, except that he enlisted in the 
 U. S. Navy, and that he served on the U. S. S. Trippe, 
 and was in the convoy service, making a number of tri]>s 
 across with troops bound for France. 
 
 ROBERT L. THRAM, (3)— Private First Class. Sanborn. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Thram. Entered the 
 service from Cottonwood Co., in Co. D, 351st Inf., 88th 
 Div. Camp Dodge, Iowa. Was transferred to the 87th 
 Div. Nov. 25, 1917 at Camp Pike, and in April to Camp 
 Gi-eene, S. C. in the 4th Div.. sailing with the 4th Div. for 
 France on May 10, 19 18. Participated in the 2d battle 
 of the Marne River, and the battle of the \'esle River, 
 and the St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne offensives, re- 
 turning to the U. S. July 16, 1919, and re-enlisted in the 
 Regular A: my. 
 
 ELMER A. TE'NJUM, (4)— Sergeant First Class, Windom, 
 Minn. Son of Mrs. E. A. Tenjum. Enlisted at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., Dec. 15, 1917 and was sent to Jefferson 
 Barracks, Mo., and then to Gerstner Field, La., in the 
 15th Co. Depot Brigade, and on Sept. 20, 1918 to the 
 269th Aero Sqdn. and then to the no 1st Rep. Sqdn., sail- 
 ing for France from N. Y. Aug. 13, 19 18, and stationed 
 at Marseille Casual No. 5. Promoted to Corporal Mar. 
 8. igi8 and to Sergeant First Class Nov. i, 1918. Return- 
 ing to the States on June ii, 1919, and was discharged 
 at Mitchell Field, L. L, N. Y. July 11, 1919- 
 
 1)A\'ID \'OGT, (12) — Musician Second Class, Mountain 
 Lake, Minn. Son of Jacob Vogt. Entered the service 
 May 7, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn., in the \J. S. N. R. 
 F.-4, and was sent to the Great Lakes Naval Training 
 Station. Transferred July 5, 1918, to Div. B. A. Bat- 
 tallion Band. Took part in the tour through the east 
 with Sousa Band to help iiromote the sale of bonds dur- 
 ing the Fourth Liberty Loan drive, and also went with 
 Sousa to play at Toronto, Canada, with a two hundred 
 piece band to help the Canadians sell their bonds. Was 
 discharged at Great Lakes, 111., Dec. 20, 19 18. 
 
 LOUIS P. VOLLMER, (13)— Private, Eden Valley. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. \*ollmer. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21. 1917 in Co. C, 351st Inf.. 88th Div. at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Transferred Nov. 20, 19 17, to Camp Pike 
 in the S/th Div. and on June 19, 1918 to the 26th Div., 
 sailing from^ N. Y. for France June 19, 1918. Returned 
 to the y. S. May 7. 1919. and was discharged at Fort 
 Snelling June 28, 1919. 
 
 RAY F. WALKER, (14)— M. S. E. A. M. Observer. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Walker. Entered the service 
 June I, 1918 in Co. C, 872, A. M. T. S., at St. Paul, 
 Minn. Transferred Oct. 21. 1918 to Langley Field, Va., 
 in the 626 th Aero Squadron, and was discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la.. Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 LLLAXD STANFORD \'AN NEST. (5)— Second Lieut. 
 Inf.. Windom, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. A. \'an 
 Nest, entered the service April 8, 1918, at Windom, Minn., 
 and was sent to tlie University of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 
 training detachment. Transferred to Camp Gordon, June 
 22, 1918, in the G. O. T. S. Promoted to Second Lieut. 
 Aug. 18, 1518, and to ? 
 
 HENRY D. WALL. (15)— Private, Mountain Lake. Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wall, entered the service 
 Aug. 9, 19 1 8 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp 
 McArthur, Waco, Texas, in Co. K, 9th Bn., Inf. Replace- 
 ment Troops. Was then transferred to the ist Co. School 
 Troops, Central Inf. Officers' Training School, and later 
 to Co. D, 7th Bn. Was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Dec. 2$. 1918 
 
 ISAAC J. VOTH, (6)— Cook, Mountain Lake, Minn. Son 
 of Jacob \'oth. Entered tlie service Sept. 21, 1917, ai 
 Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in 
 Co. B, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Aux. Remount 
 Depot. Oct. I, 1917, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 July 3, 1919- 
 
 FR.VNK J. WOLF, (16)— Private, Windom, Minn. Son 
 of John Wolf. Entered the service on the third day 
 of Feb., 1918, at Windom. Minn., in the Vet. Det. 306, 
 and was sent to Camp Green, S. C, where he received 
 his training, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 March 18, 1919. 
 
 JAY CLINTON X'lLLA, (7)— Private. Westbrook, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and j\lrs. John \'illa. Entered the service 
 Oct. 12, 1918. in Co. 2, 2d Regiment, S. A. T. C, at the 
 University of Minnesota, and was discharged at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., Dec. 12, 1918. 
 
 I-IELMER S. WESTER, (17)— Private, Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ftarold Wester. Entered the ser- 
 vice Sept. 4. 1918 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to 
 Camp Grant, 111., in Co. 7. Replacement Co. and was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 4, 1919. 
 
 FOREST E. ^'ILLIER. (S)— Private, Windom, Minn. En- 
 tered the service Jan. 8. 1918 in Co. M, 6ist Inf., 5tli 
 Div. at Camp Green, S. C. Private Villier was in the 
 hospital from April 13, 1918. until Dec. 17, 19 18, which 
 prevented him going across with his Div. Was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 PETER J. WIENS, (18)— Corporal, Windom. Minn. Son 
 of John Wiens. Entered the service June 24, 19 18, at 
 Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Grant, 111., where 
 he received training, and was discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., July 23, 1919. 
 
 EARL \'ANDERMOON, I9)— Private, Windom. Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. 11. \'andermoon. Entered the service 
 Sept. 21, 1917 and was sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. Here 
 he was assigned to 322d Remount Co. He remained at 
 Camp Dodge imtil he was discharged ]\Iay 23, 1919. 
 
 CARL O. WAHL. (19)— Private, Westbrook, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob P. Wahl. Entered the service 
 June 24, i9i8, and was sent to Camp Grant, 111., in the 
 2QtIi i6ist Depot Brigade, and then transferred to the M. P. 
 Provost Guard Co. Was discharged at Camp Grant. 111., 
 June 14, 1919. 
 
 XEO VANDERMOON. do)— Private First Class, son of Mr. 
 H. \'andermoon. Entered the service June 12, 19 18. and 
 was sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in Bakery Co. 8Sth Div. 
 Sailed for France from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 11, 19:8, 
 
 JOHN A. WARKENTIN, (20)— Private, Mauntain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob B. Workentin. En- 
 tered the service Oct. 13. 1918. in the S. A. T. C. at the 
 University of Minn, and w-as discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Dec. 13, 1918. 
 
^ .. -•--J 
 
JIERVIN D. WELD, (l) — Sergeant, Windoni, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. D. U. Weld. Entered service April 
 25, 1917, in Co. H, i8th Inf., First Div. Trained at 
 Douglas, Arizona, and transferred in October, 19 17 to 
 Co. K, i6oth Inf. Was promoted to rank of Corporal Oct. 
 8, 1917, and later, Nov. 11, 1918, promoted to rank of 
 Sergeant. He sailed from Hobokett June 14, 1917. His 
 company was the first American company to get into the 
 trenches and also the first to kill a Hun. He went into 
 the trenches late in October and came out in early No- 
 vember and shortly took sick with spinal meningitis and 
 was confined to the Hospital more or less for about a 
 year. And after being dismissed from the Hospital he 
 was assigned to duty as Sergeant in charge of men on 
 guard duty about punishment barracks. Fie returned to 
 the United States March 16, 1919. He, however, had an 
 opportunity to return as a Casual but wanted to stay 
 till the game was over. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge April 8, 1919. 
 
 OLIVER B. WOOGE. (2)— Private, Jeffers. Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. George Wooge. Entered the service 
 June 25, 1918 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp 
 "Grant, III., in Co. F, 343d Inf., 86th Div. Was transferred 
 to Co. L, iiith Inf. 28th Div. and also in the 109th Inf., 
 same Division. Sailed for France from Camp Mills, 
 N. Y., landing at Le Havre, France. Saw active service 
 from Oct. 9, 1918 till Nov. ii, 1918, part of this time 
 being spent on the Metz Front. Returned to the States, 
 April 2^, 1919, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 May 15, 1919. 
 
 BEN E. WOOGE, (3)— Private, Jeffers, Minn. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. George Wooge. Entered the service June 25, 
 1918, at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
 in Co. C, 342d Inf., 86th Div., w^as transferred to Co. L, 
 SSth Inf., 7th Div., sailing for France from New York in 
 the fall of 1918. Returned to the States June 8, 1919, 
 and was discharged at Canip Dodge, Iowa, June 27, 1919. 
 
 OREN WILSON, (4)— Seaman, Sanborn, Minn. Entered 
 the service Feb. 25, 1918. and was sent to the Great Lakes 
 N. T. S. Was transferred to the Receiving Ship Philadel 
 phia. May 14, 1918, and on Aug. 7, 1918 to the U. S. S 
 Washington. Sailed from N. Y. for Base 7 in France, ar 
 riving there May 30, 1918. Returned to the States Mar. 
 
 20, 1919 and was discharged at the Great Lakes N. T. S 
 Aug. 6, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE CONRAD WEISER, (5)— H. A. L C. U. S. N. 
 R. F., Windom, Minn., son of Dr. and Mrs. F. R. Weiser. 
 Enlisted in the Hospital Apprentice ist class United States 
 Naval Reserve Force, and was called to active duty at 
 Dunwoody Naval Training School, U. of Minn. Re- 
 leased from active duty, at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 20, 
 1918. Enlistment expires Dec. 13, 1921. 
 
 FRANK WRIGHT, (6)— Private, Jeffers, Minn. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Wright. Entered the service June 
 25, 1918, in E. Battery, 86th Field Artillery at Camp Rob- 
 inson, and was transferred to Co. M. I. N. F. Third 
 Division. Sailed for France Sept. 17, 1918 and served 
 with the A. E. F. on the Defens Sector, and with the 
 2d Army Area, Oct. 12, 1918 to Nov. 11, 1918. Returned 
 to the U. S. Aug. 15, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 CASTLE B. WILSON, (7)— Private, Westbrook, Minn. 
 Son of Levi and Loda Wilson. Entered the service Sept. 
 
 21, 1917 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, in Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th Division. Transferred to 
 Camp Pike, Ark., in Co. I, 345th Inf., 87th Division. 
 Sailed from New York for France Aug. 24, 1918. Re- 
 turned to the States, and was discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 18, 1919. Was promoted to Corporal April 10, 
 1918. 
 
 GEORGE R. WALL, (8)— Private First Class. Mountain 
 Lake, Mmn. Son of Henry H. Wall. Entered the ser- 
 vice Sept. 21, 1917, at Windom, Minn., and was sent 
 to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in Co. B, 351st Inf., SSth Division. 
 Later he was transferred to the Remount Depot, and then 
 to 313th .Supply Train, 88th Division. Sailed for France 
 via Liverpool and participated in the Haute-AIsace offen- 
 sives. Returned to the U. S. May 24, 1919, and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 15, 1919. 
 
 CLAUS A. WIEBE, (9)— Private, Delft, Minn. Son of 
 Abr. and Sarah Wiebe. Entered the service Oct. 2;^, 1918, 
 at Windom, Minn., and was sent to Camp Cody, New Mex. 
 in Co. F, 387th Inf., 97th Division, and was discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 13, 191S. 
 
 EMIL J. WITT, (10)— Private First Class. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Carl Witt, Lamberton, Minn. Entered the ser- 
 vice at Windom, Minn., Mar. 12, 1918, and was sent to 
 F"ort Screven, Ga., in Bat. C, 75th Artillery. Sailed 
 
 from New York for France Oct. 5, 1918, landing at 
 Brest. Returned to the U. S. Feb. 27, 19 19, and was 
 discharged at Camp Grant. 111., Mar. 31, 19 19. 
 
 THEODORE O. WEDEL, . (i i)— Second Lieut., Coast Ar- 
 tillery, Mountain Lake, Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 C. H. Wedel of Newton, Kansas. Entered the service 
 from Cottonwood Co., June 25, 1918 and was sent to the 
 15th Co. at Chesapeake Bay, Fort Monroe, Va. Trans- 
 ferred Tuly 7, 1918 to the Third Officers' Training Co. at 
 Fort Monroe, and on Sept. 25, 1918 was transferred to 
 Fort McArthur, Los Angeles, Cal.. where he was em- 
 ployed as instructor in Officers' Training School. Pro- 
 moted to 2d Lieut. C. A. Sept. 25. 1918, and was dis- 
 charged at Los Angeles, Cal., Dec. 20, 1918 and since 
 his discharge is employed as instructor at Yale Univer- 
 sity, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 CLARENCE L. WESTGOR, (12)— Corporal, Storden, Minn 
 Son of Henry Westgor. Entered the service June 25, 1918 
 and was sent to Camp Grant, III., in Co. 20, i6ist Depot 
 Brigade On July 75, 19 18 he was transferred to Port 
 Niagara. N. Y., in Co. A. J4th Bn. U S. O. and later 
 at Camp Curtis Bay, Md. Was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1919- 
 
 FRED T. WERNER, (13)— Private, Jeffers, Minn. Son of 
 F J Werner. Enteted the service .Tuly 15. i9'8 ■'■™.'-°'' 
 tonwood Co. and was sent to Dunwoody Training School. 
 Transferred to Ft. Leavenworth, Kan , Sept. 13, '918 ^ 
 the nth Depot Bat. Signal Corps. Sailed for France Nov. 
 -, 1918 landing at Brest, and was transferred to .3rd 
 Army Headquarters, Germany, and Jan. i, 1919 to 8th 
 Field Sig. Bat. 4th Div. Headquarters at Neiderbriesig. 
 Germany Returned to the U. S. July 19, 1919 and was 
 discharged at Camp Grant, HI., Aug. 5. 1919- 
 
 HFNRY .\GUSTAS WHITE, (J4I— Private First Class, 
 S Paul Minn. Son of Henry White. Entered the ser- 
 ;;ice from Cottonwood Co. May 2, 1918 -Tid . was sen to 
 Camp Wadsworth. S. C, in Ca B, M'l'tary Police 
 Transferred Sept. 28, 19.8 to Co. D, rst Army M. P. and 
 then to 295th M. P. Sailed for France July 2, 1918 and 
 landed at Le Havre. Participated in the Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive. Returned to the U. S. June 22, 19 19. and was 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 12, 1919. 
 
 F H WARNER (15)— First Class Private, Sanborn, Minn. 
 Entered the service from Cottonwood Co , and was sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., in 20th Co Depot B"eade Trans- 
 ferred to Ft. Niagara. N. Y in Co. A 14th Bn. U. S. C... 
 \ug 15 1918. Was transferred to Curtis Bay, Md., for 
 guard duty at ordnance department near Baltimore, Jan. 
 J 5 1919. Was sent to Camp Mead and then to Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, where he was discharged Jan. 31, 1919- 
 
 LEO WARREN, (16)— Private, Jeffers, Minn F^ntered the 
 service Tuly 18, 1918, in Co. 257, Reg. U. S. Marines at 
 Paris Island S. C Transferred to Co. D, 5th Div and 
 later to Machine Co. Sailed for France Oct. 16, 19 18 and 
 landed at Brest. Returned to the U. S. July 29, 19 19 
 and discharged at Norfolk, Va., Aug. ii, 1919- 
 
 SEYMOUR WOODRUFF, (17)— Private, Mountain Lake, 
 Minn. Son of A. E. Woodruff. Entered the service Oct. 
 2, 1918 in Co. B. S. A. T. C, University of Chicago. 
 Was discharged at Chicago. 111., Dec. 11, 19 18. 
 
 REUBEN C. YARGER, (18)— Corporal, Storden, Minn. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. T. M. Yarger Entered the ser 
 vice Feb 8, 19 18 in the 619th Aero Supply Squadron at 
 Kellev Field, Texas. Transferred Mar. 28, 19.8 to Waco 
 Texas and May 21, 1918 to Acceptance Park and lest 
 Field at Detroit, Mich. Was promoted to Corporal in 
 November, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, I'eb. 
 4, 1919. 
 
 FRED HUGH YARGER, (19)— General Electrician, Storden. 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. T. M. Yarger, entered the 
 service of his country July 12, 1917 at Des Moines la. 
 and was sent to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, 
 111. Transferred Mar. 15, 1918 to the Philadelphia Navy 
 Yards and on Mar. 22. 1918 to the U. S. S. New Hamp- 
 shire, on which he spent eight months' service in ioreign 
 waters. Returned to the LI. S. and was sent to ttie 
 Great Lakes Naval Training Station where he received his 
 discharge June 25, 1919- He was promoted to the rank 
 of 3rd class Petty Officer Sept. i, 1918 and then to rank 
 of General Electrician. 
 
 HENRY YOUNG, (20)— Private First Class, Windom- 
 Minn. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Mitchel \oung. Entered 
 the service Sept. 21, 1918 at Windom, Mmn., and was 
 sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, in Co. D, 345th Inf., 88th 
 Division. Transferred Mar. 25, I9'8 to Camp Pike, Ark- 
 ansas, in Co. L, 35 1st Inf., and then to San Antonio. 
 Texas where he remained until after the close ot the 
 war. Received his discharge at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 
 9. 1919. 
 
ALFRED RUDOLPH I\'I-:KS()X. {,)— Son of Andrew 
 Iverson, was born Jan. i, i8S6. Enlisted in the V. M. 
 C A. as secretary on June 2g, 19 iS. From July 1 to 
 Aug. 23, 1918 he spent in preparing for his work, sail- 
 ing for Italy by way of France, Aug. 2^, 1918. He ar- 
 rived in Italy just in time to witness the great Piave 
 River offensive when the Italians drove the Austrians back 
 and forced them to surrender. He spent about nine 
 months in Italy returning to the States June 30, 19 ig, 
 and for some time after this he served as V. M. C. A. 
 Troop Train Secretary. 
 
 EDWARD YOUN'G. (2)— Sergeant, of Windom. Minn. Born 
 Dec. 3. 1888. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell Young. 
 Entered service Sept. 21, 1917, in the 88th Div. Trained 
 at Camp Dodge and Nov. 22 was transferred to Camp 
 Pike in the 87th Div. and later sent to Camp Dix in the 
 same outfit. Left LT. S. for France Aug. 24, 1918. He 
 trained at OiTicers' Training School in France and com- 
 pleted the course but did not receive commission because 
 of the signing of the Armistice. He also served as in- 
 structor in gas, bayonet and hand grenades. He was 
 promoted to the rank of Corporal Nov. 26, 191 7, and to 
 the rank of Sergeant Jan. 9, 1918. He sailed from 
 France March 22, 1919 and was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge April 21, 1919. 
 
 MINNIE B. SCHMUTZER. (3)— Head Nurse, Jeffers, Minn. 
 Joined the Red Cross Sept. i, 1918. She served as Head 
 Nurse in Army Hospital, Fort Bayard, N. Mex. At 'this 
 hospital over two thousand patients at one time were 
 enrolled, these being either men gassed or tubercular. 
 During the "Hu ' epidemic of Oct. and Nov., 1918. she took 
 the place of a doctor and she filled the place well. She 
 would go out day and night on duty and as a result she 
 has for a record out of one hundred and eleven cases 
 not a single death. This work was done around and in 
 Jeffers. Minn., her home town. She was discharged at 
 Fort Bayard, \. Mexico, Nov. i, 19 ig. 
 
 DELBERT E. YERKES. (4)— Corporal, of Windom, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 30, 1887. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Yerkes. 
 He enlisted April 16, 1917 in Co. G, 35th Inf.. 34th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Cody, N. Mex., and was moved to Camp 
 Dix, N. J., later being transferred to Iloboken to go 
 across and left Sept. 13, 1918 for Liverpool, Eng., and 
 later went to France. He sailed from Brest, France 
 Jan. 6, 1919. He was promoted to rank of Private First 
 Class in July, 1917. ^nd to rank of Corporal in Novem- 
 ber. 1917- He was discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
 17, 1919. 
 
 PHIL G. REDDING, (5)— On June 28. 189S he volun- 
 teered for service during the Spanish American war and 
 became a member of Co. H, 12th Minn. \'olunteer Inf. 
 and served with this organization till they were mus- 
 tered out Nov. 5, 1898. At the time our country en- 
 tered the World War Mr. Redding was too old to get into 
 the army and being anxious to have some part in 
 active service he enlisted with the Y. M. C. A. for for- 
 
 eign service un June 28, 191!^, just twenty years after 
 his first enlistment, and sailed from New York for I'rance 
 on Aug. 15, 1918. .Vfter serving as moving picture di- 
 rector in a number of large camps in France and with 
 the Army of Occu]jation in Germany he sailed from Brest, 
 France on April 19, 19 19, and for the second time re- 
 ceived an honorable discharge from the service ot coun- 
 try in New York on May i, 1919. 
 
 GF.RALD CA^IPBELL, (6)— Private of Windom, ]Minn. 
 Son of Mrs. Campbell. Entered the service Nov. 11. 1918 
 at Minneapolis, Minn, and transferred to Paris Island, 
 44-^d Co., Bn. B, U. S. M. C. and he is still in the 
 service at the time of this publii.ation. 
 
 ARIE HEIJN, (7)— Private of Windom, Minn. Born April 
 14, 1887. Son of Cornelius Heijn, Apeldoorn, Holland. 
 He entered the service in May, 1919. He was dis- 
 charged at Cincinnati, Ohio in June, 1919. 
 
 JAMES A. FRANTSON, (8)— Private. Windom, Minn. 
 Born Oct. 15, 1896. Son of F. J. Frantson. Entered the 
 service Oct. 23d, 1918 in Co. F, 387th Inf. Trained at 
 Cam() Cody. N. Mex. He was the only one receiving 'dan- 
 ger card that pulled through at the time he was in the 
 hospital with the "flu." And he was discharged at Camp 
 Cody, Dec. 9, 1918. 
 
 EMTL SYKORA, (9)— Private. Storden. Minn. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Frank Sykora. Entered the service June 15, 
 1918 in Co. 2, at the University of Minnesota. Was 
 transferred Aug. 14, 191S to Co. E, 311th Eng., 86th 
 Div., Camp Grant. 111. He sailed from New York for 
 France via Liverpool Sept. 9, igi8. Pvt. Sykora was in- 
 jured while in France by being run over by one of the 
 large army trucks. He sailed for the LTnited States June 
 TO, 1919 and was discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., July 
 31, 1 9 19. 
 
 EDWARD L.\ACKM.\NN, ( ro ) — Fireman, First Class, Win- 
 dom, Minn. Son of Jurgen and Anna Laackmann. En- 
 listed in the service April 12, 1917, in the Navy Engin- 
 eers' Force, Minneapolis, Minn. Trained at Great 
 Lakes Training Station and on the Ship "Wisconsin." 
 He was transferred to "New Y'ork" and later to the 
 "Susquehanna" and still later to the "Martha Washing- 
 ton." He made sixteen trips across the Atlantic and 
 was in England, France and Holland. And he was dis- 
 charged at New York Dec. 17, 19 19. 
 
 WILLIAM DIETCHMAN, (m)— Private, Windom, Minn. 
 Son of Mrs. Dietclmian of Windom. Minn., entered the 
 service Jidy 24. 1918, at Windom, and was sent to Camp 
 Wadsworth, S. C. in Co. F, 4th Pioneers, and was later 
 transferred to tiie 3rd Pioneers and the fore part of Sep- 
 tember was transferred to Camp Stewart, for overseas 
 duty, when he was taken sick with flu-pneumonia and was 
 sent to the hospital, while his Division sailing for France 
 the same day that he went to the hospital. He received 
 his discharge at Camp Grant, 111., Dec. 26, 1918. 
 
In the Service 
 
 The publisher was unable to obtain photographs 
 or records of the following men of Cottonwood 
 County who were in the service. Many of them 
 were transients, boys who had no parents or rela- 
 tives ill the County. Of a few there were no ac- 
 ceptalile photographs to be had. Another handful 
 was indifferent to the work and preferred not to 
 
 appear among the likenesses of Cottonwood Coun- 
 ty's fighting men. That they may receive the cred- 
 it wliich is theirs for their service, of whatever 
 nature it may have been, we publish below the 
 names of those of whom we were unable to obtain 
 photos or record. 
 
 Anderson, Andrew Badker 
 
 Anderson, Lionel E. 
 
 Anderson, Harold 
 
 Anderson, Carl Christian 
 
 Anderson, Rudolph 
 
 Anderson, Eric 
 
 Anderson, Gustav 
 
 Andor, Lars 
 
 Aim, Hugo 
 
 Abele, Joseph 
 
 Asquith, Ralph 
 
 Bashans, John 
 
 Beetsch. Ben 
 
 Bray. James Ell)ert 
 
 Boyes, Nelson 
 
 Brooks, Clyde 
 
 Borsness, Martin 
 
 Bendi.xcn, Richard 
 
 Balzer, Frank J. 
 
 Burns, Chas. L. 
 
 Butler, Geo. V. 
 
 Bargen, Jacob A. 
 
 Buhr, Peter 
 
 Butler, H. C. 
 
 Burk, William John 
 
 Bean, Paul 
 
 Bargen, John A. 
 
 Balzer, J. S. 
 
 Christopherson, Henry Carl 
 
 Crumlet, David L. 
 
 Cox, Alva 
 
 Coller, Fred A. 
 
 Carter, Thomas 
 
 Crumlet, Dewitt C. 
 
 Cook, Geo. 
 
 Christopherson, Roy 
 
 Dick, Jacob R. 
 
 Dahl, Evert C. 
 
 Deitchman, Wm. J. 
 
 Dick, Clans K. 
 
 Dearth, Henry \V. 
 
 Derksen, Peter S. 
 
 Dick, Frank N. 
 
 Duffy, lAL-irtin W. 
 
 Dewey, Lynn J. 
 
 Derksen, Geo. E. 
 
 Davis, Guv L. 
 
 Dhobolt, Floyd 
 
 Dewey, Michel 
 
 Ewert, Jacob J. 
 
 Engleman, Joseph 
 
 Elg, Floyd 
 
 Fast, David E. 
 
 Fuller, Joseph A. 
 
 Geske, Fred 
 
 Glasser, Harry 
 
 George, Charles 
 
 Goodman, Alfred 
 
 Hollingswortli, Nate 
 
 Hummel, Lester 
 
 Haines, John J. 
 
 Heibert, Frank J. 
 
 Hawks, Chas. G. 
 
 Huckstad, Geo. 
 
 Herber, Elias 
 
 Hollister, Ronald L. 
 
 Hamberg, John A. 
 
 Hedgaard, Nels P. 
 
 Hayes, Albert J. 
 
 Hjermstad, Harry M. 
 
 Hvitved, Peter 
 
 Hanson, Jens A. 
 
 Heinetz, Jacob 
 
 Hovt, Willis Paul 
 Hyiarde, Ed. 
 Hovck, Wm. 
 Heintz, A. D. 
 Harper, Oscar 
 Hanson, Henry 
 Hanson, John M. 
 Hard, Amos L. 
 Hanson, .A.lbert 
 Halvorson, Halvor 
 Halvorson, Geo. 
 Isaacson, Abr. John 
 Iverson, John 
 Iverson. Julius 
 Johnson, Aldin Henning 
 Johnson, Nikolai 
 Johnson, Arthur LL 
 Jacobson, Lawrence 
 Jensen, Herman C. 
 Jacolison, Norman 
 Janzen, Wm. 
 Jorgenson, Nels 
 Jones, Rudolph 
 Johnson. Ahner L. 
 Johns, Wm. F. 
 Jacobson, Leslie 
 Klaassen. Aron C. 
 Kruaer, Kurt H. 
 Kieffer, Geo. E. 
 Kinsman. Virgil B. 
 Kasper. Wm. Aug. H. 
 Knutson, Erwin 
 Kennedy, David 
 Kreniin, Ernest 
 Krupker, Herman 
 Langeman, Aug. 
 Loewen, Jacob 
 Larger, Andy 
 Lack, Ben E. 
 Leitz, Geo. John Lewis 
 Larson, Albert N. 
 Leifson, Nathan 
 Larson, Raymond 
 Loken, Oscar 
 Loken, Clarence 
 Lenhoff, Steve' 
 Lane, John M. 
 Lees, Percy 
 Ludvigson, Theo 
 Meyers, Gottfred 
 Massahos, Nick 
 Morck, Josva 
 Miller. Frank Arden 
 Mitchell, Chas. E. 
 Madsen, Alex. 
 Meier, Andrew 
 Melany, John T. 
 Montgomery, Harry 
 Martins, Cornelius P. 
 Madson, Mads I. 
 Morphew, H. 
 Morhtt, Earl 
 Moriarty, John 
 Moreland, Edward M. 
 Moen, Esten 
 Marsh, Elmer C. 
 Mitchell, Hugh 
 Nehlsen, John 
 Nichols, Willis Henry 
 Nelson, Peter 
 Neilson, Henry 
 Nelson, John Elmer 
 
 Nelson, Ernest Walter 
 Nelson, Earl Noble 
 Ohrn, Nyert 
 O'Brien, James W. 
 Olson, Cleman 
 Olson, Roy C. 
 Ott, Geo. J. 
 Olson, Edw. 
 Peterson, Lewis Geo. 
 Prull, Lewis 
 Peterson, Geo. 
 Parmley, Robert C. 
 Pearson, Per David 
 Papageorge, Kimon 
 Peterson, Walter Chas. 
 Peterson, Alfred 
 Pasky, John 
 Powell, Clyde 
 Purrington, Dale C. 
 Quiring, Jacob L 
 Rahn, Jacob G. 
 Renberg, Roy 
 Rundlett, Fred P. 
 Rawlev, Elmer J. 
 Randall, Frank W. 
 Rittenhouse, 'Vern D. 
 Ristedt, Arthur 
 Ruhberg, Dewey 
 Radke, Fred 
 Radke, Otto 
 Stage, Chas. 
 Severson, Burton E. 
 Schimnowski, Henry A. 
 Schmidt, Carl Edwin 
 Sheppard, Bertie 
 Sinnamon, Homer 
 Sinnamon, Howard 
 Schmotzer, H. P. 
 Stoez, Jacob 
 Showen, Walter T. 
 Schroeder, G. G. 
 Schimnowski, Wm. 
 Schroeder, Wm. F. 
 Story, Floyd 
 Shaner, Earl 
 Thorsen, Sam 
 Thorn, Harold 
 Theissen, David N. 
 Thompson, Frank 
 Thompson, Milo J. 
 Thompson, Palmer 
 Toews, John J. 
 Ulrich, Robert 
 Volkart, Arnold W. 
 Vroman, Clinton LI. 
 ■'Van Norman, Paul 
 Wilson, Thomas 
 Wall, John 
 Westlund, Chas. 
 Wicklund, Harry E. 
 Wright, Joe Harold 
 Wickert, Harvey 
 Wellhausen, Ernest 
 Wall, Peter J. 
 Warkentine, Geo. P. 
 Wolf, Frank J. 
 Wolf, Elmer 
 Wiebe, C. A. 
 Youngren, Carl A. 
 Yoder, Frank L. 
 Yeaple, Whitney 
 Zettler, Winford 
 Zettler, Carl W. 
 
SEVERT E. ANDERSON, Sergeant. Entered the service 
 June 28, 1917. in Co. M. 41st Inf., 10th Div. Regular 
 Army. Trained at Jefferson Barracks. Mo. Transferred 
 July 15, 1917 to Fort SnelHng; Sept. 28, 1917 to Fort 
 Crook, Nebr.; June 6, 1918 to Camp Funston, Kansas. 
 Discharged at Lamp Grant, 111., Tune 25, 1919. 
 
 HALVOR BANG, Private. Son of Olaf and Lena Bang of 
 Storden. Eintered the service July 15, 1918 in Co, B, 
 Dunwoody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred 
 Sept. 13, to Air Service Mechanic School, Overland Build- 
 ing, St, Paul. Discharged at St. Paul, Dec. 13, 1919 
 
 EDWARD P. BUHR, Mt. Lake. First Class Private, son 
 of Peter and Katie Buhr. Entered the service April 15 
 1917. in Co. A, 140th Inf., 5th Div. Trained at Fort 
 Sill, Okla. Discharged at Fort Sill, Feb. 8, 191S. 
 
 FRANK BALZER, JR.^Mt. Lake, Private, son of Frank 
 and Agatha Balzer. Entered service April 6, 1918, in 
 Train Detach. Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred August ^1 
 1919 to Camp Lee, \'a. COTS Inf, Discharged at Camp 
 Lee, \ a., Nov. 31, 191S. 
 
 D. C. BALZER— Mt. Lake. Private, son of Frank and 
 Agatha Baker, Entered service May 27, 1919 in Co. 26 
 i66th Dep. Brig., Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred Tuly 
 5, 1919 to Headquarters Co., iS6th Dep, Brig. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., Feb. I, 1919. 
 
 DE WITT C. CRUMLETT— Comfi-ey. Private, son of Ed- 
 ward H. W. Crumlett. Entered service Dec. 15, 1917, at 
 Jefferson Barracks, in the Signal Corps, aviation section. 
 Transferred to Kelly Field, Texas, Jan. 12, 1918. Trans- 
 ferred May 21 to 328th Air Sqd., Utica, N. Y. ; June i6th 
 to 5th Prov. Sqd., Wilbur Wright Field, Ohio; Aug 6th 
 to Sqd. C, Selfridge Field, Jlich. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Dec. 26, 1918, 
 
 FRED A. COLLER — Windom. Private, son of George and 
 Helen Coller. Entered service Oct. 25, 1918 in Co. F 
 387th Inf., Camp Cody. Discharged at" Camp Dodge, la.! 
 Dec. IS, 1918. 
 
 JACOB R. DICK— Mt. Lake. Teamster, son of Peter and 
 Mary Dick. Entered service Tune 26, 1918, in Co. 20, 
 i6ist Depot Brigade, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Grant, 
 111. Transferred July 9, 1918 to Auxiliary Remount De- 
 pot, Camp Grant. Discharged at Camp Grant ,\iiril 25, 
 1919. 
 
 PETER S. DERKSEN— Mt. Lake, Private First Class, son 
 of Jacob and Sarah Derksen. Entered service Sept. s 
 1918, in Co. 23, Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 111, Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant May 29, 1919. 
 
 ARTHUR J. DICKMAN— Mt. Lake, Private, son of Take 
 and Elizabeth Dickman. Entered service Sept. 23. 1918 in 
 Co. 26 Engineers at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged Feb. 
 3, 1919, at Camp Dodge, la. 
 
 SIMON C. DAHL — Windom, Private, son of Soren C. Dahl. 
 Entered service Oct. 23, 1919 in 13th Prov. Recruit Co., 
 82d Eng. Trained at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 CL-\RENCE ERICKSON— Private of Windom, Minn. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Erickson. Entered service Tune 
 25, 1918 in Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, III., and later 
 was transferred to Camp Upton, Replacements Troops, 
 Sailed ."Vug. 26, 1918 for France via England and saw- 
 action at Metz. He was discharged at Camp Dodge June 
 25, 1919, 
 
 HOWARD GALLSER— Mt. Lake, Private. Son of Louis 
 and Kate Gallser. Entered service June 25, 1918 in Co. 
 20, Depot Brigade, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Grant, 
 III. Transferred Aug. 2, 1918 to Co. C, 343d Inf., 86th 
 Div. Sailed from New York Sept. 12, for Southampton. 
 England. Discharged at Camp Grant Jan. 17, 1919. 
 
 ERNEST GINGERY— Jeffers, First Class Private. Son 
 of Joseph Gingery. Entered service Oct. 23, 1918, 
 Trained at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged Jan. 7, 1919 
 at Camp Dodge, la. 
 
 FR.VMv N. II URD— Windom, First Lieut. Enlisted Aug. 
 '■5'„'9V '" Co. I, Sig. Corps, Regular Army. Trained 
 at 1-t; Leavenworth, Kansas in the Officers' School, Sailed 
 for France Apr. 7, 1918. Wounded at the battle of Ar- 
 gonne Sept. 13, 1918. Participated in the Vosges, Meuse 
 Argonne and St. Mihiel drives. Promoted to rank of 
 hirst Lieut Oct i, 1917, and assigned to Co. B, ^th 
 Field Sig. Bn. Discharged at Camp Dodge Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 DAVE R. HEFF_ELE-Mt. Lake, Private First Class, son of 
 Kemhart and Katie Ileffele. Entered service May 2 1918 
 in Co. E, 53d Inf., 6th Div. Trained at Camp Wads' 
 worth. -Transferred May 20, 1918 to 6th Div. Military 
 lolice Sailed for France July 7, 1918. Participated in 
 the Argonne Forest and Alsace Lorraine drives Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant June 25, 1919. 
 
 PAUL F. IMME — Sanborn. Sergeant. Son of Chas. Imme 
 Entered service Sept. 21, 1917 in Co. A. 351st Inf. 
 Trained at Camp Dodge. Promoted to Sergeant First 
 Class ilar. 20, 1019. Discharged at Camp Dodge April ^0, 
 1919- 
 
 ELLSWORTH J. JOHNSON— Windom, Private Medical 
 Department. Enlisted in the Reserve Corps of the Armv 
 of the IT. S. Jan. 4, jgi8. Transferred to S. A. T. C'. 
 U. of M., Oct. 22. 1918. Discharged Dec. 15, 191S. 
 
 BEN H, JAS.S— Mt. Lake, Private. Son of Carl and Au- 
 gusta Jass. Entered the service May 26, 1918 in Co. 
 26, Depot Brigade. Trained at Camp Lewis. Wash. 
 Transferred June 22, 1918 to Headquarters Co,, .i62d 
 Reg., 91st Div. Sailed from Hoboken to Liverpool for 
 Le I-Tavre, France. Partook in the St. Mihiel and Ar- 
 gonne Forest drive. Wounded in the Argonne Sept. 29, 
 igiS. Discharged at Camp Dodge April 29, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE H. KRTiUGER— Westbrook. Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. K. ICreuger Entered service Oct. 11, 1919 in 
 Co. 2, 2d Reg. Trained at U. of M. Discharged Dec. 
 12. 191S. 
 
 ARTHUR W. KYAR— Sanborn. Private. Son of Tohn C. 
 Kvar. Enlisted Apr. 28, 1917 in Bat. B, 52d Coast Ar- 
 tillery. Transferred May 2, 1917 to Tefferson Barracks: 
 May 10 to Fort Terry, N. Y. : June 1017 to Fort Adams. 
 Sailed for France .-Xug. 18. 1917. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Jan, 25, 1919. 
 
 RAYMOND W. KYAR— Sanborn, Priv.ite. Son of John 
 C. Kyar. Entered service June 12, 1917 in Co. B, 36th 
 Reg. Inf. I2th Div. Transferred Tune 13, 1917 to Tef- 
 ferson Barracks: June 25 to Fort Siielling; Aug. 5, 1918 to 
 Camp Devens, Mass. Discharged at Camp Dodge Feb. 5, 
 1919. 
 
 FRANK P. MARTINS— Mt. Lake, Private. Son of Peter 
 and Katie Martins. Entered service May 27, 1918 in Co. 
 26, Depot Brigade, 13th Div. Trained at Camp Lewis. 
 Transferred June 28 to 44, 75th Inf. Discharged at Camp 
 Lewis, May 24, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAjr J. MARIEXAN— Private. Son of John and 
 Anna Marienan. Entered the service May 2, 1918 in Co, 
 K, 53d Inf., 3d Reg., 6th Div., at Camo Wadsworth, 
 Sailed for France by way of Glasgow. Returned from 
 I'rance June 2, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge Tune 2i, 
 1919. 
 
 DEWEY M. MITCHELL— Private. Entered the service 
 .\pril 16, 1917 in Co. F. 135th Inf., 34th Div. at Camp 
 Cody, Dec. 2. 1917. Was transferred to Ambulance Co. 
 26, 3d Div. Went to France by way of T_-iverpool, on June 
 13, 1918. Participated in the St. Mihiel and Argonne 
 Offensives, and was with the Army of Occupation from 
 Nov. IT to May 17, 1919. Was discharged at Ft. Sheridan, 
 111., Oct. 8, igig. 
 
 PETER PETERSON— Corporal, son of Mr. and Mrs. Christ 
 Peterson, Windom, Minn, Entered the service Feb. 23, 
 19 1 8 in Co. E, 313th Supply Tr., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge. 
 Sailed for France by way of Liverpool Aug. 24, 1918. 
 Saw service in the Alsace Lorraine Sector. Promoted to 
 Corporal April 24, 19 18. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 May 23, 1919. J 
 
 SAMUEL A. RASCHEY— Private. Son of Fred and Anna 
 Rachey. Entered the service Feb. 22, 1918 in Battery 
 -^' 339th Field Artillery, Camp Dodge. Transferred April 
 12, 1918 to Co. G, 35th Div., 139th Inf. Participated in 
 the Argonne and the Alsace-Lorraine Offensive. Wounded 
 in the Argonne Sept. 29, 1918. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge .'\pril 25, 1919. 
 
DONALD BRANDT ROBIXSON. Windom. First Lieut. 
 Signal Corps. Son of G. W. Robinson. Commissioned 
 June 21, 191 7 in Co. B, 22d Field Signal Bn. Trained 
 at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. Transferred Oct. 6, 19 17 to 
 309th Field Signal Bn., Camp Taylor, Ky. Sailed for 
 France Sept. 9, 1918 by way of Glasgow. Scotland. Trans- 
 ferred to Valuation Board. Peace Conference, Paris, 
 France. Promoted to Captain Nov. 2, 1917. In command 
 309th Signal En. from July i6th to Sept. 2, 1918. From 
 Oct. 6th to Dec. 20. igiS. Acting Division Signal Offi- 
 cer, 84th Division at Neuic. France from Oct. 6th to Nov. 
 5th. Discharged at Camp Alfred Vail, N. J., May 5. 
 1919. 
 
 LEWIS SCHAD— Private, of Springfield. Minn. Son of 
 Adolph Shad. Entered service June 5, 1917 in the 86th 
 Div. Trained at Camp Grant for a while and later trans- 
 ferred to Camp Upton, N. V., in the Sgth Div. and evi- 
 dently soon went overseas for he was wounded in battle 
 Oct. 20. 191 8. May 15, 19 19 he left Germany and was 
 evidently on post duty somewhere along the Rhine after 
 getting over his wound. He was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 31, 1919. 
 
 of David 
 29. 1918. 
 
 DAVID SCHWEMER—Mt. Lake, Private. So 
 and Katie Schwemer. Entered service Mar, 
 Trained at Camp Dodge. Transferred to Medical Corps. 
 Ft. Riley, May 22, 1918; May 25 to Base Hospital, Camp 
 Cody, New Mexico. Discharged at Camp Cody, Jan. -'4 
 1919. 
 
 LESLIE W. SORENSON. Storden. Private. Entered the 
 service July 15. 1918. In Co. B, ist Reg., 871st Aero 
 Squadron, Overland Building, St. Paul. Was discharged 
 at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 19, 1918. 
 
 B. R. SCHROEDER— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Entered the 
 service April 29, 191S. Trained at Municipal Pier. Chi- 
 cago. Was promoted to Ensign Dec. 27, 1918. Trans- 
 ferred to Cleveland Aug. 4th, then to Pelham Bav Park 
 Nov. 4, 1918. Discharged at New York Citv Mar. ^5 
 1919. 
 
 HENRY SOLEM— Private. Entered the service Feb. 22, 
 19 18 in Co. D. 313th Engineers, 88th Div. at Camp 
 podge. Sailed for France Mav 10, 1918. Was trans- 
 ferred to Co. D, 33d Eng. While in France he was em- 
 ployed at building railroads and hospitals. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge. la.. June 13, 1919. 
 
 ABRAHAM L. THOMPSON— Private. Entered the service 
 Sept. 27, 1918 in Co. 8, i6rst D. B. at Camp Grant. Later 
 was transferred to I Bn., ist Co. Inf. Rep. and Transfer 
 Troops. Transferred to Headquarters Co., i6ist D. B. 
 Mar. 3, 1919- Promoted to Co. Cook Oct. 15, igiS. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., June 5. 1919. 
 
 JOHN L. WILLIAMS— Eng. 2 C. \'olunteered his ser- 
 vices to the Government May 30, 1917. Trained at New- 
 port, R. L, on Receiving Ship "Boston." Transferred to 
 training station, Hingham, Mass., then to the U. S. S. Min- 
 nesota. Was engaged in the Transport service, making 
 three trips across. April 18 was promoted to fireman sec- 
 ond class; June i, 1918 to fireman first class; Jan. i, 1919, 
 to engineer second class. Was discharged at Minneapolis 
 Aug. 2, 1919. 
 
 IRVING N. WILSON, Private. Entered the service July 
 29, 1918, in Co. I, 2d Recruiting Battalion, Camp Forrest. 
 Ga. Transferred Aug. 27. 1918 to 212th Eng., 12th Div., 
 Camp Devens; Oct. 19, 191S, to Munition Factory, Water- 
 bury, Conn.; Dec. 21, 191S to 4th Co. at Fort Slocum. Dis- 
 charged at Ft. Slocum, Jan. 6, 1919. 
 
 GUNNER NICKLSON— Corporal, of Walnut Grove. Son 
 of August and Anna Nicklson. Entered service Sept. 
 21, 1917. in Co. D, 351st Reg., 88th Div. Trained at 
 Camp Dodge till Oct. i, when he w^as transferred to a 
 Quarantine Camp. He was promoted to rank of Cor- 
 poral April 23, 19 1 8. And he was discharged at Camp 
 Dodge May 31, 1 9 1 9. 
 
 EMIL THORESON— Private, of Windom, Minn. Son of 
 Mrs. Carrie Thoreson. Entered service June 15, 19 1 8 
 in Co. A, 138th F. A. Trained at the L^niversity Farm. 
 University of Minnesota, Det. No. i, St. Paul. Minn. It 
 appears he was transferred to Camp Shelby and later to 
 Camp Unton, N. Y. He saw overseas duty and returned 
 to the United States by way of Brest Feb. 2, 1919. And 
 he was discharged at Camp Grant Feb. 27, 19 19. 
 
 OTTO LEE ZIMMERMAN— Private, of Windom. Minn. 
 Son of Otto Zimmerman. Entered the service June 25. 
 19 1 8 in Co. L. 342d Inf.. 86th Div. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 Was later transferred to Co. C. 353d Inf., 89th Div. He 
 sailed from \^. S. Sept. 9. 1918 for France via England. 
 Was with the A. E. F. and participated in the Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne Ofi'ensive. Left France May 15. 19 19, and re- 
 ceived his discharge at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 31, 1919. 
 
 To My Soldier 
 
 I'm feeling pretty worried over all the things I hear. 
 
 Of the shrapnel and the cannons that are roaring 'round you, dear ; 
 
 Of the Zeppelins and the aeroplanes and the snaky submarines. 
 
 But worst of all the things I hear that nearly turn me green. 
 
 Is fear of all the damsels you'll be meeting over there : 
 
 The Parisians and the Belgian maids with their fascinating air. 
 
 To be a loyal lover, don't forsake the girl back home. 
 
 No matter how they smile on you, don't let your fancy roam, 
 
 F'or the French girls may be pretty and the nurses may be kind. 
 
 But do not be a traitor to the girl you left beliind. 
 
 I know that you are loyal to the old Red, White and Blue : 
 
 And I hope that you'll be loyal to your little sweetheart, too. 
 
 Against the bun they spell with U. you'll hold your own. I know. 
 
 But I fear you may be ambushed by the hons they spell with O. 
 
 Stand guard against temptation, don't surrender to their charms. 
 
 And wait till you come back to me, before enfolding arms. 
 
 Leave the French girls for the French men and the nurses to the Docs ; 
 
 But the soldier boy in khaki, for the girl who knit the socks. 
 
 For the French girls may be pretty and the nurses may be kind, 
 
 But do not be a traitor to the girl you left behind. 
 
 -Your Sweetheart. 
 
Ninety boys left for Camp Dodge, Iowa. September 21, 1917. 
 
 Frank Hengtgen. Storden 
 Edward Jenzen. Sanborn 
 Earl Vandermoon, Windom 
 Edward Lndvigson. Westhrook 
 Oscar Alirahamson, Windom 
 Andrew Thompson. Storden 
 Roy Haynes. i\lt. Lake 
 Ernest Turner. Bin.sliam Lake 
 Hans Gilbertson. JefFers 
 Jacob F. Goossen. Mt. Lake 
 Herman Pieske, Sanborn 
 Jacob H. Xeufeld. Mt. Lake 
 Forrest Soule, Windom 
 George Huckstedt. Mt. Lake 
 Jobn Broers. Dundee 
 Edwin NeLson, Westbrook 
 Harvey Wickert. Heron Lake 
 Elias Herber, Catawa. Wis. 
 Rasmus Hanson, Westbrook 
 Isaac J. Voth, Mt. Lake 
 Carl Youngren. Comfrey 
 Otto Grams. Westbrook 
 Frank Becker. Dundee 
 Louis Vollmer, Jeffers 
 Jacob Eitzen, Mt. Lake 
 Clyde Brooks, Jeffers 
 Peter LaMaack, Dundee 
 Paul Mitchell, Bingham Lake 
 John Kliewer, Mt. Lake 
 Henry Nielson, Windom 
 Elmer J. Rowley, Westbrook 
 Eric Rector, Mt. Lake 
 
 Gilbert Johnson. Landjerton 
 Dave Harder, Mt. Lake 
 John Ross. Storden 
 Mark Lane, Windom 
 Frank Curley, Mt. Lake 
 Guy Olson, Dundee 
 Clarence Ives, Mt. Lake 
 Obert Sands, Windom 
 Fred Halter, Sanborn 
 Tennie Olson, Jeffers 
 .\lfred Hanson, A'lt. Lake 
 Robert Thram, Sanborn 
 Emil Hanson, Walnut Grove 
 Clarence Schrivner, Westbrook 
 Percy Graham. Jeffers 
 Jens Kjeldsen, Windom 
 Clinton Hyde, Biu,gham Lake 
 Jacob Faust, Windom 
 Clarence .\mundson. Lamlierton 
 Henry Young. Bingham Lake 
 .Anton M. Lenboff, Windom 
 Fred P. Rundlett. Bingham Lake 
 Geo. A. Peterson, Westbrook 
 Geo. R. Wall, Mt. Lake 
 Remmer E. Saxton, Sanborn 
 Henry C. Neufeld, Mt. Lake 
 Edwin Emil Essig, Sanborn 
 Herbert R. Reese, Storden 
 Nikolai Johnson, Westbrook 
 Harry C. Peterson, Westbrook 
 Ronald L. Holliston, Windom 
 Frank N. Dick, Mt. Lake 
 
 Castle B. Wilson, Windom 
 E. Byron Berry, Windom 
 John A. Arntson, Windom 
 Arthur P. Erickson, Westbrook 
 Paul F'. Imme. Sanborn 
 Frank J. Neufeld, Mt. Lake 
 Richard C. Regier, Mt. Lake 
 Martin Borsness, Westhrook 
 Herman R. Quade. Storden 
 Otto .\. Pufahl, Jetfers 
 Jolm H. Tbiessen, JNIt. Lake 
 Delliert .A, Keller, Windom 
 lohn .\. Hamberg, Windom 
 William Radke, Mt. Lake 
 Robert C. Parmlej', Heron Lake 
 Klaas K, Hiebert, Bingham Lake 
 Ole J. Olson. Heron Lake 
 Fdward Young. Windom 
 .\brabam H. Quiring, Mt. Lake 
 John .Albright, Jeffers 
 Victor Hanson, Windom 
 Norman Foss, Revere 
 .Arthur H. Johnson. Mt. Lake 
 
 .Alternates 
 
 Hebner E- Nelson, Westbrook 
 Henry D. Hamm, Mt. Lake 
 .Adolph Halvorson, Lamberton 
 Leslie E. Noble. Jeffers 
 .Andrew .A. .Aarsand, Storden 
 Ernest J. Carbine 
 
.«»«l'!Si 
 
 ^^^^m^^mmmmmmsm^m^m- 
 
 
 
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 *? . 
 
 The First Drafted Group from the County 
 
 According to their notices ninety-one drafted 
 boys reported to the Draft Board at the County 
 Court House at nine o'clock A. M. They fell in 
 line on the court house grounds and a roll call was 
 taken, four boys were found missing, making it 
 necessary to call on four alternates to take their 
 place. Immediately after the roll call. Dr. Weiser, 
 president of the County Red Cross, gave a short 
 address and presented each boy with a comfort kit 
 that contained many small articles the boys might 
 need. 
 
 Following the presentation the boys were at lib- 
 erty till noon when they formed in parade and 
 marched to the fair grounds led by tlie Windom 
 Band and the G. A. R. in autos. 
 
 At the fair grounds everything had been done to 
 
 accommodate the visitors and soldiers at dinner. 
 Long tables had been set in the Floral Hall and 
 the Agricultural Building, which were decorated with 
 the National colors. The interior of the building 
 had also been tastily decorated and everything pre- 
 sented a patriotic appearance. Across the team 
 gate a banner of welcome was stretched, farther 
 down large flags of the allied nations stretched out 
 in the breeze. The poultry building had been trans- 
 formed into a kitchen for the occasion where many 
 good things to eat were gotten ready. This being 
 enjoyed by the soldiers as well as their relatives and 
 friends and they all enjoyed it heartily. And in 
 about an hour the entire gathering had been fed,, 
 a result of good management and co-operation. 
 After dinner evervbodv went into the grand stand,. 
 
before which a platform had been buih and from 
 which the program was given. A. W. Annes, Chair- 
 man, announced the program and after a male 
 quartet was rendered and invocation by Rev. Brown, 
 who also gave a short talk after which he introduced 
 Dr. Freeman, of Minneapolis, Minn., wdio is a Win- 
 dom favorite, and received close attention during his 
 address. His address was full of inspiration and 
 everyone who heard him must have felt themselves 
 truer Americans for listening to him. 
 
 At the conclusion of the program the parade 
 formed to escort the boys to the depot. First 
 marched the Band, escorted by A. W. Annes, Judge 
 of Probate, mounted, who acted as marshal of the 
 day, then the G. A. R. members came in autos, then 
 the school pupils and the Boy Scouts of Bingham 
 Lake. And following these came Windom and 
 Cottonwood County members of Co. F, of Wor- 
 thington, Minn., and the new soldiers of freedom. 
 Beside and following the people in the parade were 
 hundreds of citizens and wlien the band reached the 
 
 depot the rear of the parade was still on the west 
 side of the school house. It was here the real 
 good-byes were spoken and it was not uncommon 
 to see tears streaming down the faces of relatives 
 and friends of the departing boys. It was difficult 
 for the boys to control themselves but they did 
 nobly and by so doing made it easier for father, 
 mother, sister, brother, friend and sweetheart. And 
 as the car was attached to the train the croud united 
 in three rousing cheers, not only for the Cotton- 
 wood County contingent, but also for the Murray 
 County lads who were also on the train in their 
 special car. 
 
 From this time until the end of the war detach- 
 ments of men went out regularly according to the 
 draft calls from this county. By the end of the 
 war Cottonwood County had furnished in volun- 
 teers and draftees about seven hundred men for 
 military service. And a great number of tliese men 
 saw^ action in the decisive battles against the Hun. 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 Lewis I'luT 
 
 Henry W. Ness 
 
 Henrv A. Scliimnowski 
 
 Twenty boys sent to Camp 
 Clarence E. Severson, Windom, Minn. 
 Robert Cook, Jefifers, Minn. 
 George P. Eitzen, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 Jacob A. Schmidt, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Lawrence Jacobson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 Kristian V. Neilson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 Nathan Lifson, Windom, Minn. 
 William C. Brady, Windom. Minn. 
 Frank L. Yoder, Streator, 111. 
 •igust W. Burmeister, Jeflters, Minn. 
 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 29, 1918. 
 
 Martin Peterson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 John P. Marks, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Floyd W. Crawford, Bingham Lake, Minn. 
 
 Hans G. Fladebo, Storden, Minn. 
 
 Jens Larson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Marcus J. Hanson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Oscar Blom, Confery, Minn. 
 
 John D. Heppner, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 
 Abraham B. Dick, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 
 Lionel E. Anderson, Webb, Iowa. 
 

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Tliirteen Uoys sent to Cincinnati, Ohio, April 8, 1918. 
 
 LeUuid S. Van Xeat, Windom, Minn. 
 Kurt Henry Kruger. Westlirook, Minn. 
 John Ernest Carbine, Windom, Minn. 
 Xels O. L. Hanson, Windom, Minn. 
 H olden Leim, Bingham Lake, Minn. 
 Gunder J. Fladebo, Storden. Minn. 
 .\xel F. Fredrickson, Storden. Minn. 
 
 Simon Snyder, Windom, Minn. 
 Lennie Aune. Windom, Minn. 
 Harry A. Solom, Windom, Minn. 
 Frank Balzer, Jr., Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Frank A. Shottlc, Windom, Minn. 
 Ben Groutte, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Twelve bovs sent to Cohtmbus Barracks, Columbus, Ohio, May 2, 1918. 
 
 Geo. J. Ott, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Henry H. Peters, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 
 Klass Rol, Redwood Falls, Minn. 
 
 Herbert L. Anderson, Windom, JNIinn. 
 
 ."Krrie Heijn, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Emil Ellingson, Laniberton, ISIinn. 
 
 Henry A. White, Heron Lake, Minn. 
 .\lbert J. Hayes, Sheldon, Iowa. 
 .\lbin W. Blom, Confery, Minn. 
 David R. Heffele, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 Earl McCormick, Bingham Lake, Minn. 
 Nick Massahas, Windom, Minn. 
 
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Fifteen boys sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, July 24. ]01S. 
 
 John M. HofstaU. Storden, Minn. 
 .'\bram P.. Pankratz. Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Arron P. Tiessen, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Lars T. Olson, Storden, Minn. 
 William J. Deitchman. Windom, Minn. 
 Andy J. Larger, Bingham Lake, Minn. 
 Henry Halverson, Laniberton, Minn. 
 Jacob J. Balzer, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Jacob G. Rahn. Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Henry .\. Goosen. Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 .\vert Chris Dahl, Windom, Minn. 
 Henry C. Rausenberger, Dundee, Minn, 
 Gottfred Meyers, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 John M. Pederson, Storden, Minn. 
 Adolph Torkelson, Lamljerton, Minn. 
 
 Eleven men left for Jefferson Barracks, Mo., .\ug. t), 1918. 
 
 Axel Madson, Windom, Minn. 
 Peter E. Derksen, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Henry D. Wall, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Henry Iverson, Lamberton, Minn. 
 Class K. Dick, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Arthur E. Hoick, Jeffers, Minn, 
 
 John Wall, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 John M. Pederson, Storden, Minn. 
 Morris Severson, Windom, Minn. 
 Louis Kullman, Redding, Cal. 
 John M. Christenson, Ft. Dodge, Iowa. 
 
Fifteen men left for Camp Grant. 111., Sept. 4, 
 1018. 
 
 Jolin B. Camden, Minneapolis, JNIinn. 
 Hilmer S. Wester, Windom, ]\linn. 
 Sidney O. Johnston, Windom, Minn. 
 Lars Svalland, Dundee, Minn. 
 .\n(Ior Larson, Storden, Minn. 
 .\rthi1r P. Steinke, B. Lake, Minn, 
 (ierliard G. Kliewer, Mt. Lake, iMinn. 
 Gerhard S. Remple, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Peter S. Derksen, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Peter H. Peters, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Ernest E. Piotraschke, Windom, Minn. 
 Jacoh J. Ewert, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Lewis E. Nelson, Windom, Minn. 
 Cornelius C. Harder, B. Lake, Minn. 
 John E. Peterson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 
 Four l)0_vs were not present when photo was made. 
 
 Si.x men left for the Lhiiversity of Minnesota, Min- 
 neapolis, Minn., June 15, 1918. 
 
 Einil M. Svkora, Storden 
 Willis H. Nichols, Windom 
 Emil Thoreson, Windom 
 Arthur Lenhofif, Storden 
 Tom Hules, Windom 
 Elmer Maonuson, Windom 
 
 Four men left for Deaf .\^\lunl, Iiulianaiinh-, Ind, \uy It, I'.IKS. 
 
 James A. Hanson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 William E. Engle, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Donald 
 John F. 
 
 3. Marcv, Windom, Minn. 
 Janzen, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Ten men left for L'niversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., .\ug. 1.5, 1918. 
 
 Frank W. Kilgore, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Esten Moen, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Harvey C. Jackson 
 
 Henry F. Jungas, Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 
 Olaf Erickson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 William H. Turnbull. Jeffers, jNlinn. 
 Leslie J, Sigstad, Windotu, ]Minn. 
 Dale C. Purrington. Windom, Minn. 
 Reuben G. .\nonson, Windom, Minn. 
 
Three men left for Ft. Siielling 
 I'JlS. 
 
 John Sanger, Wincloni, Minn. 
 .Arnold Johnson, Windom, Minn. 
 Edward Hocke, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Minn., Sept. :!. 
 
 Four men left for Camp Sept. :!, 191 S. 
 
 Frank J. Hiebert, ^Nlt. Lake, Minn. 
 .Arthur E. Tillisch, Windom, Minn. 
 George E. Derkson, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 David E. Fast, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Fourteen boys sent to Camp Grant, 111., .Aug. 28, 1918. 
 
 Jacob A. Warkentin, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Halften M. Bjerke, Revere, Minn. 
 August J. Gieselman, Dundee, Minn. 
 Henry A. Bartsch, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Ernest Walter Xelson, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 John Oeltjenbruns, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Frank Schulte, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Abraham L. Thompson, Windom, INIinn. 
 Carl C. Anderson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 Peter A. Klaason, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Gerharg Kupker, Jeffers, Minn. 
 Thomas Carter, Jefifers, Minn. 
 Joseph E. Farnham. Windom, Minn. 
 Henry L. Sampson, Westbrook, Minn. 
 
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Four men left for Dunwoody Institute Sept. 19, 
 1918. 
 
 Carl Edwin Schmidt. Jefifers, Minn. 
 Narris Kasa, Revere, Minn. 
 Elmer S. T. Huffman. Storden, Minn. 
 Elmer John Nelson, Lake Cr^'stal, Minn. 
 
 The following men, of whom we have no picture, 
 
 Cornell University, Ithaca. N. Y.. Feb. 9, 1918. 
 Victor L. Aldrich. Windom, Minn. 
 
 Langley Field, Hampton, Va., Jan. 29, 1918. 
 Richard S. Brubacher, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Green. N. Carolina. Jan. 18, 1918. 
 Walter M. Cowan. Windom. Minn. 
 Nelson J. Bell. Windom, IVIinn. 
 Forrest E. Villier, Windom, Minn. 
 Walter Miller, Windom, Minn. 
 Robert F. Cowan, Windom, Minn. 
 Lowell W. Crane, Windom, Minn. 
 John E. Rand, Jeffers, Minn. 
 Leslie J. Purrington, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Green, N. Carolina, Jan. 29, 1918. 
 Walter Bell, Windom, Minn. 
 Frank J. Wolf, Windom, ;\linn. 
 Clement Olson 
 Nels H. Petersen 
 Johannes Nielsen 
 
 Camp Green, N. Carolina, Feb. 12, 1918. 
 Henry J. Schmidt, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 Joseph A. Fuller 
 George H. Rand, Jefifers, Minn. 
 
 Camp Grant, 111., May 28, 1918. 
 George B. Case Ohrn Nyoet 
 
 Columbus Barracks. Ohio. May 3, 1918. 
 Frank E. Devlin, Windom, Minn. 
 Milton H. Borst, Windom. Minn. 
 Lee H. Johnson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga.. Sept. 21, 1918. 
 Thomas E. Hallyburton, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Custer, Mich., May 16, 1918. 
 Erie C. Annes, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kans., Feb. 12, 1918. 
 Harold W. Hatch, Storden. Minn. 
 Clarence H. Akerlund. Storden, Minn. 
 John H. Gale, Windom, Minn. 
 Herman C. Jensen. Windom, Minn. 
 
 F'ort Leavenworth, Kans., Jan. 29, 1918. 
 Leonard L. Baker, Windom, Minn. 
 John M. Hanson. Storden. Minn. 
 Alva Cox, Storden, Minn. 
 
 These men sent to Overland Building, St. Paul, 
 Minn., July 15, 1918. 
 
 Paul Verrige 
 
 \y. A. Peterson. Clerk of Draft Board 
 
 F'red J. Werner 
 
 Leslie W. Sorenson 
 
 Frank A. Miller 
 
 Holver Bang 
 
 as they left for the various camps as stated below. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 26, 1918. 
 Everett L. Stines, Windom. Minn. 
 Per D. Pearson, Madrid, Iowa. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 21, 1918. 
 Arthur H. Johnson 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 21, 1918. 
 Edward A. Janzen, Mt. Lake, Minn. 
 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa. Dec. 17, 1918. 
 Harold R. Thorne, Windom, Minn. 
 Jacob A. Bakke, Storden, Minn. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 24, 1918. 
 Joe H. Wright. Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 6, 1918. 
 Harry Montgomery, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 19, 1918. 
 Titus J. Kline, Jefifers, Minn. 
 
 Camp Mead, Md., May 27, 1918. 
 Francis A. Carroll, JefTers, Minn. 
 
 CaiTip Sevier, S. Carolina, May 17, 1918. 
 John H. Solem, Windom, Minn. 
 Emil Danielson, Windom, Minn. 
 Overland Building, St. Paul, Minn., July 23, 1918. 
 Oscar Mones, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. Carolina, July 26, 1918. 
 Rudolph Anderson 
 
 Camp Forrest, Ga., July 29, 1918. 
 Clyde H. Shaner, Storden, Minn. 
 
 Syracuse Recruit Camp, N. Y., Aug. 5, 1918. 
 Leroy C. Pietz, Westbrook, Minn. 
 Berton E. Severson, Windom, Minn. 
 Signal Corps Aviation Mechanics Training School, 
 
 St. Paul, Minn., June 26, 1918. 
 Clarence T. Nelson, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Camp Hancock, Georgia. March 11. 1918. 
 Martin W. Dufify. Windom. Minn. 
 
 Jefiferson Barracks, Mo., March 12, 1918. 
 
 John T. Melary James W. O'Brien 
 
 Emil J. Witt 
 
 Camp Lewis, Washington, April 26, 1918. 
 
 Claude W. Shaner, Storden, JNIinn. 
 
 Coast Defenses of Chesapeake Bay, Ft. Monroe, 
 Va., June 2.5. 1918. 
 Theodore O. Wedel 
 
Pvt. 
 W. A. Peterson 
 
 COTTONWOOD COUNTY DRAFT BOARD. 
 Grover Darrack ^ Qle G. Peterson 
 
 S. A. Brown 
 
 Dr. F. R. Weiser 
 
 Cottonwood County Draft Board 
 
 In May, 1917, the President appointed tlie fol- 
 lowing Draft Board for Cottonwood County: Qle 
 G. Peterson, Chairman ; S. A. Brown. Secretary ; 
 Dr. L. Sogge, Surgeon, and O. J. Finstad, Govern- 
 ment Appeal Agent. 
 
 On account of being listed in the Medical Re- 
 serve Corps Dr. L. Sogge was relieved from fur- 
 ther service in June, 1917, and Dr. F. R. Weiser 
 was appointed as Surgeon of the Board. The per- 
 sonnel of the board then remained unchanged 
 throughout the war. 
 
 To supervise the various registrations throughout 
 the County, to examine these men and classify them 
 for military service, to carefully act on claims for 
 exemption that an army might be furnished the gov- 
 ernment without crippling the wheels of industry at 
 home, virtually to direct the man power of Cotton- 
 wood County in the channels which would best serve 
 the nation in the crisis, this was the tremendously 
 responsible task assigned the Local Draft Board of 
 Cottonwood County. The following tabular state- 
 ment taken from the Adjutant General's report gives 
 some interesting information as to registration, 
 classification and induction of men in Cottonwood 
 County : 
 
 Cottonwood County Board, Windom, Minn. 
 
 Total number of registrants, 3,221. 
 
 Total number of registrants inducted, 46.5. 
 
 Total number of camps to which registrants were 
 sent, 30. 
 
 Membership of Selective Service Board. 
 Peterson, Ole G., Chairman, Windom. 
 Brown, S. A., Secretary, Windom. 
 Weiser, F. R., Surgeon, Windom. 
 Peterson, W. A., Chief Clerk, Windom. 
 Finstad, O. J., Govt. Appeal Agent, Windom. 
 
 Registrants F'inally Classified : 
 
 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 
 Incl'd- 
 
 
 
 
 ing 
 
 
 
 1 June 
 
 1 Aug. 1 September 
 
 1918 
 
 
 Class 
 
 1 1917 
 
 24 
 
 19-36 
 
 37-45 
 
 18 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 468 
 
 94 
 
 274 
 
 
 39 
 
 885 
 
 2 
 
 130 
 
 42 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 
 292 
 
 3 
 
 111 
 
 7 
 
 66 
 
 
 1 
 
 185 
 
 4 
 
 490 
 
 6 
 
 268 
 
 
 
 
 764 
 
 .5 
 
 1.59 
 
 22 1 40 
 
 
 1 
 
 222 
 
 Cases pending 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 4 
 
 1 89 
 
 94 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 1 1350 
 
 171 1 772 
 
 798 
 
 130 
 
 3221 
 
 Extract from Adjutant General's Report. 
 
 The "Selective Service" was well named. It is 
 in reality a selection process which takes those 
 who should rightly go to war and requests those 
 who should not go to remain at home and "do their 
 bit" there. By this means those who are selected 
 
to be a part of the armed forces of the United 
 States are imbued with the idea that they are a 
 vital and essential part of the country and because 
 of their selection are representing the civilized world 
 in its struggle for existence. 
 
 Perliaps the greatest factor in the selection of this 
 immense army was the army of public spirited citi- 
 zens who have so freely given of their time to serve 
 on the "selection board," or as they have been prop- 
 erly termed, "draft boards." The time and faithful 
 service these members accorded their draft work has 
 in many instances detrimentally affected their per- 
 sonal businesses, and health. This factor did not 
 deter them in this work, it rather acted as an added 
 incentive to give more time and thought to the se- 
 lective service work. Working almost inhuman 
 stretches of time in order to complete as rapidly as 
 possible some immediate, pressing task connected 
 with the furnishing of men for the army, these draft 
 board members would "come up" fresh and smiling 
 and ready for whatever was the next job. 
 
 Very few of the general public have any concep- 
 tion of the varied and important tasks which con- 
 stituted a day's work for a member of one of these 
 boards. Yet, if they would only stop to think that 
 on the decision rendered, may have rested the wel- 
 fare of an entire family or the contentment of an 
 entire neighborhood, they would have readily dis- 
 covered that the work was of sucli an important na- 
 ture that these members might be well considered 
 as "Gods of Olympus." It was an absolutely unique 
 position to place these men in and it was one which 
 required an immense amount of study and attention 
 to detail and unfailing tact if they would so conduct 
 themselves as to cast nothing but credit on the 
 methods employed in the formation of our army. 
 May it be said to the credit of the board members 
 in Minnesota that they have covered themselves with 
 glory and have, like Caesar's wife, been "above sus- 
 picion." 
 
 Soon after the first draft Sept. 21, 1917, it became 
 apparent that on account of the large volume of 
 business and the need of keeping an accurate sys- 
 tem of records that the board would be unable to 
 keep up the clerical work and in harmony with the 
 revised rules of the government each draft board 
 was given authority to appoint a chief clerk to give 
 his entire time to the clerical work of the selective 
 service system. In December, 1917, W. A. Peterson 
 was appointed chief clerk of the Local Board for 
 Cottonwood County and served faithfully and effi- 
 ciently until March, 1919, when all records were 
 ordered forwarded to the Provost Marshal General 
 at Washington. During the latter part of the sum- 
 mer of 1918 the Adjutant General's ofiice at St. Paul 
 detailed Grover Darrack as military clerk for the 
 board, who remained with the board until the early 
 part of 1919. 
 
 Early in the process of decision regarding the en- 
 trance into, or rejection from the National Army, 
 of registrants, it was discovered that there was a 
 vital necessity for some person to undertake an 
 appeal of certain cases from Local Boards to Dis- 
 trict Boards where there was any occasion to be- 
 lieve that exemptions or discharges were not to 
 the best interest of the Nation. Under date of 
 
 Aug. 6, 1917, General Crowder requested the ap- 
 pointment of one attorney to each Local Board who 
 was known as a "Government Appeal Agent." 
 O. J. Finstad was appointed as such agent for the 
 Cottonwood County Draft Board. The duties of 
 these men consisted of a fair and impartial review 
 of the case of each registrant with a view of de- 
 termination whether or not there was any question 
 as to the registrant's liability to military service. 
 These appeal agents took no active part in the 
 deliberations of the Local Board. They were to 
 remain aloof from such deliberations and safeguard 
 the interests of the nation. It might be presumed 
 that Local Board members would regard a Govern- 
 ment appeal agent as one who would be an unwel- 
 come busybody. Such was not the case, however; 
 the Government appeal agent was received with 
 Iiearty acclaim by the Local Board members because 
 his presence had a tendency to raise or keep the 
 efficiency of tlie board at a high standard. 
 
 In comparative standing tliroughout the state the 
 Cottonwood County Draft Board stood third in the 
 number of men rejected on account of physical dis- 
 abilities at camps to which they were sent. In re- 
 gard to relative standing as to number of men sent 
 into the service compared with population the Cot- 
 tonwood County Board stood fifth. 
 
 Those people old enough to recall the scenes at- 
 tending the farewells given armed men who fought 
 in the Civif War and those who remembered the 
 celebrations attending the departure of Cottonwood 
 County's troops to engage in the Spanish American 
 War, declared that never before in its history had 
 citizens of Cottonwood County and Minnesota given 
 such a tremendous ovation as was given to the first 
 men who entrained for training at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Parades, banquets, formal balls and recep- 
 tions were tendered these men. Each one of these 
 drafted men thus entertained were so impressed 
 with the "home spirit" that they declared they would 
 carry with them the exaltation thus given to the 
 front line trenches. These men who were sent in 
 the first 5 per cent contingent were America's first 
 answer to German autocracy. Many of this first 
 contingent as well as those sent later have entered 
 on the "great adventure" and now lie peacefully 
 under French soil which they enriched with their 
 own young blood in order that America might pay 
 her debt to Freedom. 
 
 The Provost Marshal General has the following 
 to say: 
 
 "May it be said of the selective service system that 
 it is a leveler of barriers between the classes and 
 the masses; it is the only method which overcomes 
 the often repeated complaint that 'the poor fight 
 the battle of the rich.' It is the only fair method 
 of recruiting an army." And a Missouri board for- 
 mally places on record the following conclusion : 
 "We have no hesitancy in saying that in our official 
 judgment the Selective Service Law is the greatest 
 scheme ever conceived in the minds of men for 
 raising an army. It is fair, just, equitable, humane, 
 and admirable, even to its minutest detail. In our 
 judgment a sufficient army could not have been 
 raised without the comprehensive draft system." 
 
Liberty Loan Coniiiiittec of the Citv of Wiiidoni, reading from left to riglit : 
 
 Top Row: Al. T. Anderson. J. E. Foss. T. A. Perkins. O. M. Hammerstad, R. A. Van Nest. 
 
 Bottom Row: J. J. Rupp. Albert Wynne, W. L. Silliman. M. L. Fisch and Gust Midler. 
 
 Two and Three Quarter Millions in Liberty Bonds 
 
 When the government called for men and money, 
 it meant bard and concentrated effort to fulfill the 
 patriotic demand, but it was not for Cottonwood 
 County to fail, quite the opposite, all but a few- 
 responded to the call and made this county proud to 
 this day of its record during the most serious period 
 the world has ever known. 
 
 The people were called upon five different times 
 and each time shows a record that any county 
 should hold as a mark of Americanism, strong and 
 keen for Old Glory, the flag that means more to the 
 people of our land than any banner has ever meant 
 to any people in the history of all creation. It was 
 only once, however, that the county did not go 
 over the top. 
 
 The tirst bond issue was met by the banks, with 
 Carl Duroe, Cashier of the State Bank of Jefifers. 
 Jeffers, Minnesota, and at the time president of the 
 County Bankers' Association of Cottonwood County. 
 The bonds in turn were sold to the people and they 
 bought enthusiastically, the fvdl allotment being 
 sold, and the county can be pleased with the record 
 that remains. 
 
 The second bond issue with H. E. Hanson, presi- 
 dent of the Farmers State Bank of Windom, Win- 
 dom, Minn., as chairman, was preceded by a cam- 
 paign of advertising and speaking. More of an ef- 
 fort was made to reach the people in the country 
 districts, but there were many who were not solic- 
 ited. The county fell short on this bond issue, sub- 
 scribing less than the county's allotment and this 
 was the only bond issue in which this county did not 
 go over the top. 
 
 The country realized that it would be necessary 
 to adopt a definite system to successfully carry on 
 another drive. So it was planned carefully and at 
 the opening of the third bond issue every county 
 was thoroughly organized to meet the drive. 
 
 When the third bond issue, with W. J. Clark, 
 
 president of the First National Bank, Windom. 
 Minn., as chairman, was put on under a more thor- 
 oughly organized system. It was at this time that 
 the Blue Card System was adopted. This com- 
 pelled all those who would not take out their allot- 
 ment of bonds to sign a blue card, this card being 
 sent in to the Executive Committee, who in turn 
 called the party before them and in most instances 
 the allotment was taken. In some instances, how- 
 ever, adjustment was made and in still others it was 
 deemed that no allotment should have been made, 
 while in a few instances it was necessary to turn the 
 parties over to the Public Safety Commission, which 
 resulted in the allotments being taken. 
 
 This drive resulted in going over the top by a 
 good margin and left the people all feeling more 
 than pleased about their success in showing their 
 patriotic attitude. 
 
 The fourth bond issue was taken in hand with the 
 same keen enthusiasm and every one is proud to 
 note that the county went over the top with a broad 
 margin. W. J. Clark still being County Chairman 
 of the board. 
 
 The fifth bond issue known as the Victory Loan, 
 the last but not the least, was met by the people en- 
 thusiastically and also showed Cottonwood County 
 going over the top. W. J. Clark was also County 
 Chairman for this drive. 
 
 W. J. Clark deserved credit for his efforts put 
 forth in the three issues in which he held office as 
 County Chairman. The work of organizing and 
 getting everything in order at the different times 
 meant no small sacrifice on his part. We cannot, 
 however, forget Mr. Duroe and Mr. Hanson, for 
 this county, as well as other counties, was not or- 
 ganized at this time, consequently making it very 
 difficult to float the bonds to the best results. For 
 as we all know that where a thing is not organized 
 it never makes its best showing, and we are sure 
 
that Cottonwood County would not take a smaller 
 place for anything as important as that of Liberty 
 and Victory bonds. 
 
 Following is list of the County Executive Commit- 
 tee : 
 
 W. J. Clark, Chairman. 
 
 COMMITTEE MEN 
 
 D. U. Weld M. C. Void 
 
 H. P. Goertz Wilson Borst 
 
 H. E. Hanson C. R. Duroe 
 
 T. H. Dickman John E. Villa 
 
 O. C. Lande Vigo Miller 
 
 Fred Langley A. F. Meyers 
 
 J. A. Redding 
 
 The E.xccutive Committees are also to 1)e com- 
 mended on their duties which show a pronounced 
 effort on their part to do justice in the call of the 
 government. This county can boast of having as 
 fair men on its E.vecutive Committees as human- 
 ity can produce, which results go to prove in figures 
 and also in the lives of the citizens of this county. 
 
 WAR SAVING ORGANIZATION AND WORK 
 
 Mr. J. ,\. Redding, president of the First State 
 Bank of Bingham Lake, was chosen by Mr. Arthur 
 B. Rogers as War Savings Chairman for Cotton- 
 wood County. Mr. Redding started a campaign of 
 thrift education all over the county. He had Thrift 
 Societies organized in almost all the schools and in 
 many other organizations. These societies took up 
 the sale of Thrift Stamps and tlie conversion of 
 them into War Saving Stamps. 
 
 After these societies had been running some tiine 
 the need for money to prosecute the war became 
 
 more pressing and the War Savings Drive was de- 
 termined on. Mr. Redding put the drive over with 
 the same organization he had used in the Thrift 
 sales and education work. The county was divided 
 into six districts, each containing one village and 
 three townships. 
 
 Mr. J. O. Thompson was chairman of Windom 
 and the townships of Great Bend, Springfield and 
 Southbrook ; W. J. McGladrey of Bingham Lake and 
 the townships of Lakeside, Dale and Delton ; Dr. 
 Rieke and J. Franz of Mountain Lake and the 
 townships of Mountain Lake, Midway and Selma ; 
 W. T. Lundquist of Jeffers and the townships of 
 Dale, Amboy and Germantown ; Car! Ruhberg of 
 Storden and the townships of Amo, Storden and 
 Highwater; A. F. Meyer of Westbrook, and the 
 townships of Rose Hill, Westbrook and -A.nn. These 
 District Chairmen and the County Chairman con- 
 stituted the Executive Board. 
 
 The W. S. S. drive went "over the top" as did 
 all the other war time drives in Cottonwood Coun- 
 ty. 
 
 Mr. Rogers drafted W. J. McGladrey of Bingham 
 Lake to do special lecture work on the question of 
 thrift, particularly to schools. Mr. McGladrey has 
 spoken to about one hundred and seventy-five schools 
 and societies since he was drafted. Since he began 
 that thrift work for the government, and it was 
 a success, Mr. Rogers has drafted several traveling 
 men wlio talk on thrift for the government. The 
 work was entirely gratis, neither salary nor expense 
 being allowed. 
 
 The following Committees were the ones who ac- 
 tually made the drive a success as the local workers 
 made every drive a success. Too much cannot be 
 said of the energy and enthusiasm that they threw 
 into the work. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of the Village of Jeffens. reading from left to right: George Pease, Ed. Schmotzer 
 Charles Grabert, M. B. Harrison, C. E. Perkins, chairman, L. A. Duroe, W. A. Sargent, F' C Butler M B 
 Fish, J. P. Thorne and Carl F. Duroe. . ■ • 
 
 Those not appearing on the picture are: C. O. Castledine, G. J. Kaess. F. J. Armentrout and H. C. 
 Schopper. 
 
 AMBOY TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 W. F. Potter, Chairman 
 W. E. Schamburg 
 Fred Thram 
 M. L. Sweeny 
 Abe DeVries 
 J. E. Clifton 
 F. C. Bufifham 
 Ezra Tibbedeau-x, Chairman 
 Adolph Graff 
 August Eichstad 
 H. E. Smith 
 Joe Johnson 
 Albert Immer 
 J. F'. Murphey 
 
 AMO TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 W. A. Morrow, Chairman 
 Bessie Swartz 
 Gust Sykora 
 Hugh Piper 
 Agnes Thompson 
 Johan L. D. Olson 
 Tobie Thompson 
 Ed. McCauley, Jr. 
 Dave Tibbedeau.x, Chairman 
 Arthur Stiltz 
 Joy Morrow 
 Archie Tibbedeau.x 
 Lena Tjentland 
 Herman Bondhus 
 Alfred Kuehl 
 
AXX TOWNSHIP, COiMMITTEE 
 
 Ole H. Klevin, Chairman 
 
 O. T. Xordsiden 
 
 E. E. Heggerstou 
 
 John Peterson 
 
 Alfred Martinson 
 
 A. B. Ness 
 
 C. H. Anderson 
 
 Ole O. Klevin 
 
 John Bakken 
 
 Carl Einertson 
 
 John Kopperud 
 
 Albert Warner 
 
 CARSON TOWNSHIP, CO^^IMITTEE 
 
 A. P. Wiens, Chairman 
 Henrv P. Nickel 
 Frank B, Hiebert 
 Aaron C. Wiens 
 T. H. Gustafson 
 Jacob A. Wiebe 
 Henry Willems 
 J. H. Miller, Chairman 
 Frank Schimoske 
 John A. Wiebe 
 Jacob J. Balzer 
 P. G. Baerg 
 Abraham B. Friesen 
 John A. Fast 
 
 DALE TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 John Gustafson, Chairman 
 
 R. H. Wolf 
 
 H. D. Peters 
 
 A. Snook, Sr. 
 
 J. A. Snook 
 
 Dewain Cook 
 
 Ernest Grunevald, Chairman 
 
 H. K. Morfitt 
 
 Nick Jeffery 
 
 Geo. Mathieson 
 
 Emil Paulson 
 
 K. E. Wing 
 
 DELTON TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 John Schonnenian. Cliairman 
 
 C. J. Hakes 
 
 Guy Pope 
 
 H. R. Amsden 
 
 Jake Devries 
 
 J. H. Morphew 
 
 L. A. Potter 
 
 Lewis Minioji, Chairman 
 
 Harley Liesentield 
 
 Wm. C. Schwieger 
 
 Lawrence Hayes 
 
 J. D. Lndeman 
 
 C. F. Peterson 
 
 Ambrose Schneider 
 
 GERMANTOWN TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 Henry Steve, Chairman 
 
 Dan Wog 
 
 Tom Davis 
 
 A. L. Werner 
 
 John Radtke 
 
 Christ Essig 
 
 Ewalt Block 
 
 Ed Radtke, Chairman 
 
 Herman Krause 
 
 Art Flaig 
 
 Emil Nohlke 
 
 John Brandt 
 
 August Nickel 
 
 John Abele 
 
 GREAT BEND TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 A. G. Mereness, Chairman 
 Clyde Vandokar 
 Jens Hanson 
 Lawrence Christenson 
 W. E. Carter 
 P. M. Jenks 
 Thor Nerness 
 K. Snyder 
 Llovd Davis 
 Arthur Schaffer 
 E. A. Yahnke 
 H. A. Stoughton 
 Merton Dyer 
 Homer Stines 
 
 HIGHWATER TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 John Pulcher, Chairman 
 Clara Senst 
 Gertie Fering 
 Homer Jackson 
 Herman Senst 
 Swen S. Swenson 
 Henry Nordeike 
 I. O. Iverson, Chaiiman 
 Agnes Rekstein 
 Henry Iverson 
 Gordon Katta 
 Chas. Standacher 
 Henry Warner 
 Christ J. Ferring 
 
 LAKESIDE TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 E. J. Gove, Chairman 
 A. E. Hyde 
 
 F. W. Getting 
 Herman Kimball 
 Charles Rippc 
 Eddie Tompson 
 A. M. Hillyard 
 
 J. G. Grant, Chairman 
 Jasse College 
 W, W. Lehman 
 Matt Hamm 
 Herbert Rocke 
 Eugene Burbank 
 Manley Harper 
 
 M'IDWAY TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 Martin Franz, Chairman 
 A, A. Wall 
 Abraham Teichroew 
 John J, Fast 
 P. J. Rahn 
 Theo. Klassen 
 P. P. Eitzen 
 
 John D. Schultz, Chairman 
 P. H. Franz 
 Jacob Waltjer 
 Abraham Goosen 
 J. J. B. Unruh 
 A. A. Janzen 
 Jacob D. Stoesz 
 
 MOUNTAIN LAKE TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 W. J. Janzan, Chairman 
 
 J. H. Wall 
 
 Isaac Krahn 
 
 T. W. Behrends 
 
 Jacob J. Schulz 
 
 N. F'. Lowen 
 
 P. J. Franz, Chairman 
 
 John B. Fast 
 
 D. C. Janzan 
 
 Peter Burr 
 
 L. W. Liebrant 
 
 H. R. Wall 
 
 D, J. Knueppel 
 
ROSE HILL TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 Simon Olson, Chairman 
 
 John E. Rupp 
 
 Tom White 
 
 J. K. Rupp 
 
 W, P.. Gove 
 
 H. R. Pietz 
 
 Cornelius Gertner, Chairman 
 
 Jake Rosenberger 
 
 Cornelius Wahl 
 
 Peter Jackels 
 
 Fred Schnieder 
 
 F. W. Gartner 
 
 SELMA TOWNSHIP, COMIMITTEE 
 
 Carl Stadlander. Chairman 
 
 Harlan Groene 
 
 Otto Freitag 
 
 Theo. Walter 
 
 C. A. Blom 
 
 Oscar Elg 
 
 W. H. Hudson 
 
 Emil Samuelson, Chairman 
 
 C. W. Stark 
 
 J. C. Reinhard 
 
 Herm Langhoff 
 
 C. D. Gabrielson 
 
 Fred Junker 
 
 Emil Alternett 
 
 SOUTHBROOK TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 Andrew Olson 
 Henry Groof 
 Jacob Pelzel 
 F. M. Jarmer 
 Fred Van Norman 
 Nick Henkels 
 Anton Mathias 
 Milo E. Smith 
 Theo. LaMaack 
 
 WESTBROOK TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 C. J. Nelson, Chairman 
 
 N. J. Klarup 
 
 Alfred Einerton 
 
 Gilbert Peterson 
 
 H. C. Larson 
 
 Harry J. Adams 
 
 J. A. Christianson, Chairman 
 
 Theo. Ludvigson 
 
 Erick Erickson 
 
 Peter Peterson 
 
 H. O. Peterson 
 
 COMMITTEE OF THE VILLAGE OF MT. LAKE 
 
 J. J. Franz, Chairman 
 
 M. S. Hanson 
 
 W. J. Toews 
 
 Harry Woodruff 
 
 Dr. A. E. Rieke, Chairman 
 
 J. N. Fast 
 
 D. J. Schroeder 
 
 F. F. Schroeder 
 
 COMMITTEE OF THE VT1,L.\C,E OF 
 WESTBROOK 
 
 A. F. Mever. Chairman 
 
 J. B, Wright 
 
 John M. Kuebl 
 
 E. G. Fiel 
 
 Ed. Bengston 
 
 Wm. K'lutson 
 
 Ernest Turner 
 
 Fred Lederman 
 
 T. J. Anderson 
 
 T. J. Christy 
 
 W. J. FVee" 
 
 COMMITTEE OF THE VILLAGE OF JEFFERS 
 
 W. T. Lundquist, Chairman 
 C. O. Casteldine 
 C. E. Perkins 
 J. P. Thorne 
 
 SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 A. Riedesel, Chairman 
 E. B. Jones 
 P. F. IDuncan 
 Lloyd St. John 
 Chas. Knudson 
 J. F. Flatebo 
 H. P. Nielson 
 W. W. Hunter 
 W. K. Mooers 
 Chas. Swarm 
 Ed. Sundermann 
 Andrew Olson 
 F'red Pratt 
 
 COMMITTEE OF THE VILLAGE OF STORDEN 
 
 C. H. Ruhberg, Chairman 
 Walter Larson 
 A. H. Anderson 
 
 COMiMITTEE OF THE VILLAGE OF BING- 
 HAM LAKE 
 
 W. J. McGladrev, Cliairman 
 
 W. W. Smith 
 
 C. E. Ware 
 
 S. P. Stephenson 
 
 Frank Rittenhouse 
 
 STORDEN TOWNSHIP, COMMITTEE 
 
 Charley Braathun, Chairman 
 
 Mrs. William Krekes 
 
 Katherihe Newton 
 
 Edna Engeswick 
 
 Carl Schmidt 
 
 Jens T. Musland, Chairman 
 
 Mrs. Maren Sellen 
 
 Gust Quade 
 
 Hans M. Johnson 
 
 Caleb F. Hofstad 
 
 COMMITTEE OF THE CITY OF WINDOM 
 
 J. O. Thompson, Chairman 
 
 Al. .\nderson 
 
 Albert Wynne 
 
 J. E. Foss 
 
 R. A. Van Nest 
 
 Gust Muller 
 
 W. J. Clark 
 
 J. B. Benson 
 
 Ole Hammerstoud 
 
 M. L. F'isch 
 
 Dr. Sogge 
 
 W. L. Silliman 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of the Village of Storden. reading from left to right : 
 
 Top Row: O. C. Lande, Viggo Miller. 
 
 Bottom Row : C. H. Ruhberg, A. H. Anderson, cliairman, and Walter Larson. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of the Village of Mountain Lake, reading from left to right : 
 Top Row: F. F. Schroder, M. S. Hanson, J. J. Franz. 
 
 Bottom Row: D. J. Schroder, chairman, J. J. Janzen, D. G. Hiebert and George P. Goosen. 
 The balance of the committee not appearing on the picture are: H. P. Goertz, Jr., chairman, and Jacob 
 Bargen. 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of village of Westbrook. reading from left to right: Mr. Free, Christ Ewey, 
 J. M. Kuehl, chairman, and Edward Kiel. 
 
 Those not appearing on tlie picture are: A. F. Meyers, chairman. H. W. Footh, L. B. Nielson. Dr. F. M. 
 Miller and J. L. Sammons. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Midway Township, reading from left to right : Jacob Epp, H. D. Loewen, 
 John D. Schultz and Peter Falk. 
 
 Those not appearing on the picture arc: .\l)r. Tichrow, chairman, Jacob V. Toews, J. J. Regier, H. M. 
 Kroeker, S. M. Olson, P. G. Rahn, Gerhard Buhler and John Ehlers. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Southbrook Township, reading from left to right : 
 Top Row: F. W. Jarmen, C. Kuehl, John Schaffer, Jr., Henry Groff, chairman. 
 Bottom Row : Nick Henkels, Theo. LaMaack, Jacob Pelzl and Anton Gieselman. 
 
 Those not appearing on the picture are: Anton Mathias, Milo E. Smith, George Lutz, K. Hanson, John 
 Solentine and Fred Van Norman. 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of Dale Townsliip, reading from left to right: 
 
 Top Row: J. A. Snook, Emil Paulson, Albert Grunewald. R. H. Wolf, Nick Jeffery, K. E. Wing, 
 Dewain Cook, Henry Peters. 
 
 Bottom Row: J. C. Tnrnhnll, Geo. Matbison. John Gustafson, chairman, ]<Av\ Eidcm and .'\. Snook. Sr., 
 H. K. Morfitt not appearing on the picture. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Amboy Township, reading from left to right : 
 Top Row : A. W. England, H. Carrow. Albert Immer, W. F. Potter, George Potter. 
 Bottom Row : Otto Senst. Adolph Graff, Ed. Potter, chairman, and W. S. Swain. 
 Those not appearing on picture: Ezra Tibbedeaux. Joe Johnson and Abe DeVeris. 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of Westbronk Towiisliip, reading from left to right; 
 
 Top Row: Elmer Knutson, Albert C. Anderson, E. Engebritson. 
 
 Second Row: Hans C. Larson, Carl Nelson, N. H. Byers, Halgrem Erickson. 
 
 Third Row: Sam Christianson, Frank ludvigso.i, William L. Rossing, chairman, and O. E. H,in£on. 
 
 Nick Anderson does not appear on the picture. 
 
 Liberty Loan Cominitlee of Rose Hill Township, reading from left to right ■ 
 Top Row: J. K. Rupp, Tom White, Henry Lidtke, G. A. Grams, Alex Mitchell. 
 ^u™V D ^^^'' ^^'^"^ Rausenberger, L. A. Rasche, G. H. Klasse, C. C. Cole. 
 
 Ihird Row: C. Gertner, George Eichner, chairman. Simon Olson, chairman, H. R. Pietz, and P. W, Gove 
 who does not appear on the picture. 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of Lakeside Township, reailing from left to right. 
 
 Top Row: F. H. Bnrbank, John Grant. Chas. Spear, Mark Ware. 
 
 Second Row : W. A. Fuller, Guy Dryden. Henry Dummett. 
 
 Bottom Row : E. J. Gove. C. S. Reeves, Chas. Pierce, chairman, and W. B. Rae. 
 
 Those not appearing on the picture arc : Jacob Sbariff and VV. C. Smith. 
 
 Liberty Loan Connnittee uf Amo Township, reading from left to right : 
 Top Row : A. O. Stark, George Whiteman, A. G. Piper, George Mead. 
 Second Row : Thomas Bondhus, W. A. Morrow, Rudolph Pietz, William Kingrey. 
 
 Bottom Row: John F. Johnson, Ed. McCauIey, Ed. Tabbert, chairman, and A. J. Thompson. W. L. 
 Piper does not appear on the picture. 
 
Liberty Loan Committee of Ann Township, reading from left to right: 
 Top Row: O. H. Kleven, Martin Pederson. Andrew Nackerud and Alfred Enstad 
 Bottom Row: Lewis Warner, L L Pederson, Jacob Nelson, chairman, and C W Steen 
 Balance of committee not on picture : L. B. Erickson, C. N. Nichols, C. H. Anderson, Julins Johnson 
 Charles Knutson, H. Takle and Helga Johnson. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Mountain Lake Township, reading from the left to right ■ 
 Top Row: John Adrian, John H. Regier, Jacob B. Pankratz, David C. Janzen 
 Bottom Row: Henry Vossage, John Behrends and P. J. Franz 
 
 r ■ Jw-u?'^"" not appearing on the picture are: J. H. Wall, Peter Buhr, Henrv Miller, John Marienau. 
 Crist Williamson and P. P. Fast. . • j , 
 
Liberty Loan Committees of Great Bend, Spring- 
 field, Selma and Delton Townships, reading from 
 left to right as follows : 
 
 GREAT BEND TOWNSHIP 
 
 W. L. Frost, L. H. Smith, E. A. Yahnke, A. G. 
 Mareness, chairman, Paul Hoocke and W. C. Bur- 
 ton. Those not appearing on the picture are : E. E. 
 Rank, James Scurr, L. M. Purrington, Homer Stines, 
 Charles Elston, Robert Cowan, W. C. Carter, A. A. 
 Reidesel and G. C. Saberson, whose picture will 
 be found in group, "A Few Cottonwood Count}- War 
 Workers." 
 
 SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP 
 J. F. F'latebo, Andrew Olson, H. P. Nelson, G. L. 
 St. John, chairman, A. A. Riedesel, chairman, Ed. 
 Sunderman and W. W. Hunter. Those not ap'pear- 
 mg on the picture are : A. P. Vought, Charles Knut- 
 son, Fred Pratt, whose picture was omitted, but 
 will be found in group, "A Few of Cottonwood 
 County's War Workers," John Reisdorph, W. K 
 Mooers, E. Jones, P. F. Duncan, and Charles Swarm 
 
 SELMA TOWNSHIP 
 C. G. Gabrielson, C. W. Stark, Emil Altermatt 
 chairman, Oscar Elg, C. A. Bloom and W. H. Hud- 
 son. Those not appearing on the picture are ■ Emil 
 Samuelson, Ray Swanson, L. Valentine, L. P. Rich- 
 ardson, Theo. Zettler, I. Iblings, T. F. Kelly and 
 Louis Fredin. 
 
 DELTON TOWNSHIP 
 
 Frank Minion, N. P. Minion, John Kelly and Emil 
 Jeske. Those not appearing on the picture are: 
 J. B. Savage, chairman, John Schomeman, Louis 
 Hageman, P. R. Callaman, F. D. Dewey, J. D. Lude- 
 nian and Henry Boeckman. 
 
 VILLAGE OF BINGHAM LAKE 
 
 As we were unable to obtain a picture of this 
 group we take this opportunity of mentioning our 
 regret. It is known, however, that this committee 
 worked faithfully and was successful in obtainin" 
 an over subscription in each drive. ° 
 
 Hon. R. H. Jefferson, chairman, Erick Anderson 
 J. A. Redding, A. L. Holt, Victor Rogers, Adolph 
 Warnicker and J. E. Smith. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Storden Township, reading from left to rio^ht • 
 
 Hollind rhl'li°p"/;i "°'"^^"'pL- L. Hedman, Elias Johnson, Henry A.° Anderson, Soren Jenson, Arthur 
 Holland, Charles Braathun and Caleb Hofstad 
 
 Bottom Row: S. S. Peterson, C. F. Peterson, H. H. Peterson, Jens Hansen and August Frederickson 
 Those not appearmg in the picture are: Ole Osland, Julius Johnson, J. N. Sorenson and John Rognstad. 
 
Liberty Loan Cmnmittfe of Highwater Township, reading from left to right: 
 Top Row ; Martin Halverson, L O. Iverson. 
 
 Second Row: Elias Warner, Martin Foss, chairman, and AL'irtin Halverson. 
 Balance of committee not on picture: Nels Knutson, Gnnder Stavnes, Gilbert Swenson, H. 
 Chas. Staitdacker, M. O. Batalden, Christ Fering, Frank Kaatz and John Pulcher. 
 
 A. Senst. 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Carson Township, reading from left to right 
 
 Top Row: Peter J. Fast, Henry Hokanson, Henry Wieler. 
 
 Bottom Row: John P. Lepp and Mitchell Young. 
 
 The balance of committee not appearing on the picture are : 
 Klaasen, Henry Grothaus. W. T. Nickel. Jacob F. Loewen, I. D. 
 Jacob Rupp and C. Heide. 
 
 Peter H. Balzer. chairman, Peter C. 
 Dick, Peter Buller, John H. Wiens, 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee of Ger- 
 mantown Township, reading from 
 left to right : 
 
 Top Row : Ed. Goede. John Kayar, 
 August Nichol, Art. Flaig. 
 
 Bottom Row : John Radtke, C. H. 
 Davis, Herman Krause, chairman, 
 and Emil Bohlke. 
 
 Those not appearing on the pic- 
 ture are : John Brand, Evert Block, 
 A. L. Wern, John .Able, R. Warner 
 and Dan Woge, chairman, of tlie Sec- 
 ond Liberty Loan. 
 
The Cottonwood County Farm Bureau 
 Played Its Part 
 
 By Ralph F. Crim 
 
 During the fall of 1917 the people of Cottonwood 
 Comity felt the need of a farm bureau organization 
 for the purpose of stimulating greater production, 
 co-operating with the Government, and conservation 
 of food supply. The new organization had as its 
 first president. A. G. Mereness, and W. L. Frost as 
 secretary-treasurer. The first County Agent elected 
 was Ralph F. Crini, who took up his duties February 
 first, 1918. 
 
 The big job awaiting the newly organized farm 
 bureau was to secure sufficient seed corn to plant an 
 acreage of 61,722. The acreage of previous years 
 was almost maintained. Every available bit of seed 
 to be found in cribs from two-year-old corn, and 
 outside sources was hunted up. There were testing 
 stations at Westbrook, Mountain Lake, Bingham 
 Lake and Windom. which tested out several thou- 
 sand bushels of corn. This work secured several 
 hundred bushels fit for seed. .As a result of the 
 work of all loyal forces and communities, a splen- 
 did stand of corn was obtained. The price of seed 
 corn reached the dizzy height of twenty-two dollars 
 per bushel. The bulk of seed sold at a price rang- 
 ing from ten to fifteen dollars. There was brought 
 in to Cottonwood County from fifteen hundred to 
 two thousand bushels of seed corn, for the reason 
 that the 1017 corn crop did not mature sufficiently 
 to make seed corn. This condition e.xisted practi- 
 cally all over the entire corn belt, making ns rely 
 almost altogether on the 1916 corn crop for seed. 
 
 j\lany farmers aimed to put in five to ten acres 
 more wheat than usual. We increased our yield very 
 nearly one hundred and ten thousand bushels. The 
 increased acreage was a result of the splendid co- 
 operation and patriotic spirit of our farmers. The 
 eradication of the barberry figured as a part of the 
 program toward greater production of wheat. The 
 people were told the barberry was the intermediate 
 host for black stem rust on small grain. 
 
 Owing to the large number of boys being constantly 
 called to the colors, it became necessarv for everv 
 
 boy, girl, man and woman to put a shoulder to the 
 wheel of production, .\lmost every school boy ral- 
 lied to the call. Our high schools pushed the year's 
 work thru a little earlier, letting boys out on farms 
 about three to four weeks ahead of the regular clos- 
 ing season. Every able bodied boy or man who did 
 not do his share, whether rich or poor, was branded 
 as a slacker. During harvest evening squads of 
 business men and townsmen from all our towns vol- 
 unteered their services in helping farmers cut and 
 shock their grain. The evening squads easily 
 shocked four thousand acres of grain throughout the 
 county. One squad reported sixty acres in one 
 evening. 
 
 LIncle Sam asked our boys and girls to enroll in 
 club work. Three projects were pushed in Cotton- 
 wood County. There were sixteen who finished 
 with their calves at the County Fair ; thirteen pigs 
 were raised, and fifteen acres of corn were checked 
 up. The calves, pigs and corn all exhibited at the 
 County Fair were a fitting demonstration. 
 
 Conservation of food stuffs grown on the farm and 
 in the city gardens played no small part. Canning 
 demonstrations were staged in five communities, 
 namely : Westbrook, Storden, Jeffers, Mountain Lake 
 and Windom. A Girls' Canning Demonstration was 
 put on at Westbrook. There were over one thou- 
 sand cans of fruit and vegetables added to the usual 
 supply as a result of the systematic work of the 
 Farm Bureau. 
 
 Those were strenuous days. Much was accom- 
 plished. There was one goal, namely, the success- 
 ful winning of the war. The spirit of patriotism 
 stimulated our people to the prosecution of a big 
 task. We increased our acreage; our bins were 
 filled to overflowing; huge stores of meat, and food 
 products were sent across the Atlantic. Cottonwood 
 County contributed her part in a fashion which 
 will be a landmark to the Agricultural history of 
 her people. Our achievement will be recounted by 
 posterity. 
 
 Armenian and Syrian Relief 
 
 February 12, 1918, Lincoln's birthday, was the day 
 set aside for the drive. This was an entirely free 
 will offering. There were many wdio thought it 
 was unfair to raise the money in the various drives 
 by allotments, so here they w'ere given an oppor- 
 tunity to prove the truth or the fallacy of their 
 argument. 
 
 Just as Belgium and Serbia became the victims 
 of the Central Powers, so did Armenia of the cruel 
 Turks. They were robbed and beaten and many 
 of them were killed right out and a famine and pest 
 was set up that was appalling and dangerous to the 
 people. Many went without food for long periods 
 living only on roots and herbs, but even these were 
 
 scarce, with so many people in the same state of 
 condition. It was not for this county to sit by and 
 let such things happen without action on its part, 
 for W. J. Clark was appointed chairman of the coun- 
 ty and a free will offering was taken up amounting 
 to $3,600.00. This, however, did not cover the al- 
 lotment and the individual allotment scheme did 
 not prove out so bad after all, because figures show 
 that the county fell short $900.00 in this instance. 
 
 There were committees appointed in the different 
 townships and villages for this drive, but no record 
 was kept as to wdiom they were, consequently we 
 are unable to give those credit who deserve it. 
 
The County Public Safety Commission 
 
 In tlie spring of 1917. when war liad lieen declared 
 with Germany the legislature was still in session. 
 Governor Burnquist immediately advised the legis- 
 lature to enact legislation which would put the 
 State on a war basis. There was formed by the 
 authority of the National Government a body known 
 as the Council of National Defense, and each State 
 was urged to create by legislative enactment sim- 
 ilar_ bodies to co-operate with the National organ- 
 ization. Acting on the Governor's message the legis- 
 lature passed a law known as The Minnesota Com- 
 mission of Public Safety. Minnesota was the first 
 state in the Union to adopt this method of dealing 
 with the emergency confronting the nation. 
 
 Upon the passage and approval of this law, the 
 Governor proceeded to put the commission on a 
 working basis. Under the law the Governor was 
 state chairman, and he appointed a county chairman 
 in each county in the state. Mr. D. U. Weld, pres- 
 ident of the Windom Nat'l Bank, was appointed 
 chairman for Cottonwood County. The selection of 
 Mr Weld was a wise one, for he possessed those 
 qualities necessary to fill the position acceptably, for 
 he was loyal to the core, and was not afraid to go 
 after anyone who was not loyal. Director Weld ap- 
 pointed aids in each precinct in the county, the com- 
 plete roster of the Cottonwood Commission is as 
 follows : 
 
 D. U. Weld. Director. 
 
 W. J. Clark. Treasurer. 
 
 Al. T. Anderson, Secretary. 
 
 FOOD ADMINISTRATION 
 . Phil. G. Redding 
 Dr. L. Sogge 
 
 LABOR COMMITTEE 
 Gustav Muller 
 Ralph F. Crim 
 
 MARKET TOWN CHAIRMEN 
 Bingham Lake, A. L. Holt 
 Delft, C. Beier 
 Jeffers, C. E. Perkins 
 Mountain Lake. H. P. Goertz, Jr 
 Storden. C. H. Ruhberg 
 Westbrook, John E. Villa 
 
 TOWNSHIP CHAIRMEN 
 .^mbov. Geo. W. Potter 
 Amo, A. O. Stark 
 Ann, C. H. Anderson 
 Carson, Peter Klaassen 
 Dale, John Gustafson 
 Delton, F. D. Dewey 
 Germantown, Wm. Juhnke 
 Great Bend, A. G. Mereness 
 Highwater, Elias Warner 
 Lakeside. A. F. Manee 
 Midwav. Abr. Teichroew 
 Mt. Lake, J. H. Wall 
 Rose Hill, Geo. Eichner 
 Selma, Emil .^Itermatt 
 Springfield, Lloyd St. John 
 Southbrook, M. E. Smith 
 Storden. Hans M. Johnson 
 Westbrook, E. Engbretson 
 
 MARKET COMMITTEE 
 Windom, M. S. Porter 
 Bingham Lake, W. J. McGladrey 
 Mountain Lake, H. P. Goertz Jr 
 Delft, C. Beier 
 Jefifers, C. E. Perkins 
 Storden, C. H. Ruhberg 
 Westbrook. John E. Villa 
 
 E. H._ Klock 
 A. W. Amies 
 O. J. Finstad 
 Wilson Borst 
 Paul S. Redding 
 A. F. Strunk 
 Dr. F'. R. Weiser 
 A. A. Quevli 
 Frank Stedman 
 Jens Anderson 
 H. E. Hanson 
 
 ADVISORY COUNCIL 
 
 Tno. J. Rupp 
 Dr. H. C. Beise 
 A. D. Nelson 
 C. W. Gillam 
 1." T. Johnson 
 M. L. Fisch 
 J. E. Foss 
 G. F. Warren 
 L. C. Churchill 
 T. A. Perkins 
 O. G. Peterson 
 J. O. Thompson 
 The State Public Safety Commission was vested 
 with alrnost plenary powers, by the legislature, and 
 their principal work was the suppression of disloy- 
 alty, prevention of waste, and the preservation of 
 public order. It was very active in checking the 
 activities of disloyal organizations, such as the I. W. 
 W.. which were bent on promoting strikes so as 
 to hinder war work. It also issued orders that the 
 English language should be tlie onlv language irf 
 which instruction should be given in the public 
 schools. 
 
 The irnmediate work of the County Public Safety 
 Commission was to discourage disloyaltv and to give 
 those who were disloyal to understand "that the arm 
 of the government was long and powerful. It also 
 investigated cases of disloyalty and examined those 
 who were accused. They were required to appear 
 before the board to give testimony and if the board 
 deemed it necessary they would submit it to the 
 state board. County Attorney O. J. Finstad and 
 also Attorney Borst assisted the board and acted as 
 examiner at the board sessions. The war board 
 and all those who were in any way connected with 
 the board performed this public service without pay 
 and in many cases were without monev as well as 
 their time. Sheriff O. G. Peterson lo'vally co-op- 
 erated with the county board in bringing the dis- 
 loyalist to account, and whenever a man was 
 wajited by the board, the sheriff produced him. 
 
 In dealing with cases of disloyaltv which were 
 brought before the board they always made it plain 
 to the person accused, that there was no intention of 
 oppressing any citizen, but all thev wanted or the 
 community wanted, was that they should be loyal to 
 the government and be good Americans. The' pur- 
 poses of the nation were made plain to them and 
 they were plainly told that, in endeavoring to ob- 
 struct the war work, they were traitors. In cases 
 where the accused person showed plainly that he 
 was disloyal, and that at heart they were enemy 
 sympathizers, the examination would be severe and 
 no pains would be spared to strip him of any cam- 
 ouflage of loyalty they might assume. If the board 
 was satisfied of their disloyalty thev would inform 
 their neighbors of their disloyal attitude and would 
 thus be subject to public scorn of all loyal people in 
 the county. 
 
 DE.\LING WITH THE BOND SLACKER 
 The Safety Commission was of especial value in 
 dealing with the "blue card patriots." Those who 
 ■refused to take their allotment in the various bond 
 drives were reported by means of the blue card 
 system upon which their name and address was 
 written, and also their reason for not taking their 
 allotment. After the drive was over, the cards were 
 turned in to the county chairman of the Ijond com- 
 mittee, and these "blue card" fellows were called be- 
 fore the executive bond committee who made an ef- 
 fort to have them take their allotment and if they 
 did not, were turned over to the County Safety Com- 
 mission who instructed the Sheriff to notify them 
 
to appear before the County Board, and those who 
 did not come were gone after by the sherifif. 
 
 The board acquainted themselves with the linancial 
 standing of the Ijond slackers and for every reason 
 the slacker gave for not taking his allotment, the 
 board gave him several reasons why he should. 
 County Attorney Finstad usually conducted the ex- 
 amination, altho individual members of the board 
 would ask the questions. The testimony was taken 
 in shorthand and in some cases was sent to the 
 state board. 
 
 In most cases the "blue card" fellows were of the 
 opinion that their allotment was too high, or that 
 they had been given a heavier allotment than their 
 neighbor, or the committee had estimated their 
 financial standing too high according to the property 
 that they owned, or that they had to borrow the 
 money and then loan it to the government at a lower 
 rate than they had to pay for it. In the examination 
 of these "blue card" men. the board used tact, ap- 
 pealing to their patriotism and explaining to them 
 how little they would sacrifice financially if they 
 would take this allotment without further argument. 
 In some cases very strong language was necessary 
 
 and the board did not hesitate to use it where they 
 thought necessary, and in some instances parties 
 were given what we call "verbal skinning" and 
 were branded as Huns. They were informed that 
 office girls, men that worked on the street, and house 
 maids were buying bonds, War Saving Stamps, and 
 giving to the Red Cross and other charities, and 
 they could see no good reason for them not doing 
 their share. 
 
 One meeting of the county board in 1918 was for 
 a hearing on a complaint of hoarding wheat. The 
 hearing resulted in that several hundred bushels of 
 wheat going on the market from one farm. Many 
 other things were accomplished by the county board. 
 
 The County Safety Commission has now passed 
 into history, and will be remembered with gratitude 
 by all loyal people of Cottonwood County for the 
 efficient way in which they did their work, a record 
 of which our County may well be proud. 
 
 Mr. Weld was also County Chairman of the Na- 
 tional Protective Association during the period of 
 the war. This was a secret association and had men 
 in all parts of the county who were always on the 
 lookout for disloyalty, etc. 
 
 The United War Work Campaign 
 
 O. J. Finstad, County Chairman. 
 
 The drive for the United War Work Fund was 
 inaugurated bv seven organizations, namelv : the 
 Y. M. C. A., "Y. W. C. a., the National Catholic 
 War Council, the Jewish Welfare Board, the War 
 Camp Community Service, the American Library As- 
 sociation and the Salvation Army, at the request 
 of the War Department. In a special letter by the 
 President, dated Sept. 3, 1918. to Mr. Fosdick. chair- 
 man of the committee on Training Camp Activities, 
 it was requested that these seven organizations unite 
 and make their appeal for funds all at one time. 
 
 There are two features about this drive as com- 
 pared with many other drives in the country that 
 stand out most conspicuously. In the first place the 
 amount asked for — $170,500,000.00 — represented th; 
 largest sum of money ever asked for in a single 
 gift from any nation at any time in all recorded 
 history. The second feature of prominence is the 
 peculiar coincidence that the day set for the com- 
 mencement of the drive should have happened t:) 
 fall on the day of signing of tire armistice by Ger- 
 many. 
 
 The work of organizing the county was seriously 
 handicapped from the fact that the "flu" was then 
 at its climax. The roads also being almost impassa- 
 ble, which made the drive a rather difficult under- 
 taking, as no public meetings could be held and 
 house to house soliciting almost beyond the question, 
 but this did not stop the old veterans of the prai- 
 ries for as a result the drive went over the top. 
 
 Cottonwood County's allotment was five percent o: 
 the Fourth Liberty Loan Issue. 
 
 Following is a list of the committees of the 
 townships and villages. 
 
 Amo Township, Thomas Bondhus, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 James T. Davis Geo. K. Mead 
 
 R. R. Pietz Ed. McCauley 
 
 A. O. Stark W. E. Kingrey 
 
 Ann Township, Jacob Nelson, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 O. H. Kleven Andrew Nackerud 
 
 Lewis Warner C. W. Steen 
 
 C. N. Nichols Julius Johnson 
 
 Martin Pederson 
 I. I. Peterson 
 C. H. Anderson 
 H. Takle 
 
 Helga Johnson 
 Alfred Enstad 
 L. B. Erickson 
 Cha.rles Knutson 
 
 Carson Township, John Lepp, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Aron B. Friesen Jacob P. Lepp 
 
 Jacob Warkentine Jacob T. Nickel 
 
 Peter J. Fast Henry P. Nickel 
 
 Peter A. Quiring 
 
 Dale Township, John F. Gustafson, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Herman Carlson Paul Kjosnes 
 
 Dan Epp Ralph .\squith 
 
 Ernest Grunewald J. S. Harder 
 
 Geo. Snook Sam Lowe 
 
 Olaf Erickson Gerald Campbell 
 
 John Jacobson Henry Will 
 
 Earl Hunter Grant Smith 
 
 Link Ki'gore Fred Cornelius 
 
 Reuben Miller Carl E. Erickson 
 
 Almo Kingrey 
 
 Delton Township. J. B. Savage, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Andrew Wiegold August Steinhouser 
 
 Warland Tiesenfeld Henry Evers 
 
 Theodore Brandt Rob. Minion 
 
 F. Burger Ambrose Scbnider 
 
 Great Bend Township, M. D. Obert, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 M. W. Dyer Henry Snyder 
 
 Paulus Hocke Erick Walberg 
 
 Chas. Miester .Andrew Olson 
 
 Thor. Nerness W. E. Bigbee 
 
 Arthur Schaffer Arthur Hanefield 
 
 Fred Earlewine 
 
 High water Township, I. O. Iverson, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Otto Werner Agnes Recksten 
 
 Paul Bolstad Max Enemark 
 
Lakeside Townsliip, A. P. Turner, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Ed. J. Gove A. H. Stiegelmeyer 
 
 John Malady Henrv Carlson 
 
 Henry Deiihardt Geo. Sheets 
 
 Chas. VanHorsen Jake Fast 
 
 Midway Township, John'D. Schultz, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 J. J. Kliewer Joe P. Klaassen 
 
 William Kueker J. P. Quiring 
 
 Sam Ostercamp Abram Goossen 
 
 H. H. Kroeker P F Wall 
 
 P. P. Fitzen J. H. Fast 
 
 A. A. Janzen 
 
 Mountain Lake Township, Henry Vosliage Chair- 
 man. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 J. H. Wall Isaac Krahm 
 
 Peter Buhr Abby Hinders 
 
 H. F. Miller P. J. Franz 
 
 John Behrands 
 
 Rose Hill Township, Geo. Eichner, Chairman. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 Clifford Cole H. G. Pietz 
 
 J. G. Rupp Ale.x Mitchell 
 
 Herman Gertner Henrv Liedke 
 
 F'. W. Gertner Fred Eichner 
 
 Sontlilirook Township, Charles Sunderman, Chair- 
 man. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 Ray Olson Fred Van Norman 
 
 Anton Mathias Walter Groff 
 
 Andy Roberts Louie Jarmer 
 
 Herman Henkles 
 
 Springfield Township, W. W. Hunter, Chairman. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 Emil Arndt J. T. Flatebo 
 
 Charles C. Swann A. A. Riedescll 
 
 Will Heerii 
 Frank Pratt 
 
 W. K. Mooers 
 H. P. Nielson 
 Andrew Olson 
 
 Hans Olson 
 O. H. Smeby 
 
 Fred Langley 
 
 Westbrook Township, Hans T. Nelson, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 
 J. A. Bevier 
 Joe C. Johnson 
 Peter Berg 
 
 ^Village of Bingham Lake, W. J. McGladrev, 
 Chairman. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 
 W. W. Smith 
 V. E. Rogers 
 
 Village of Jeffers, C. R. Duroe, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Mrs. Helen Tierney Mrs. Chas. Grabert 
 
 Mrs. Geo. Pease Mrs. J. B. Opdycke 
 
 Tom Wartman Woolmen Lundquist 
 
 C. E. Perkins Bert Crist 
 
 Village of Mountain Lake, D. J. Shoeder, Chair- 
 man. 
 
 SOLICITORS 
 A. A. Penner P. S. Harder 
 
 D. J. Hiebert J. J. Janzen 
 M. S. Hanson G. P. Goossen 
 H. P. Goertz, Sr, Dr. E. A. Rieke 
 J. H. Dickman J. G. Diedrichs 
 
 Village of Storden, Supluis .\nderson. Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS 
 Peter Jensen R. V. Smestad 
 
 A. L. Goodhope John Rognstad 
 
 Aniboy Township, Ed. Potter, Chairman. 
 Germantown Township, John Radtke, Chairman. 
 Storden Township, Hans M. Johnson, Chairman. 
 Selma Township, Emil Altermatt, Chairman. 
 Village of Westbrook, John M. Kuehl, Chairman. 
 
 Bingham Lake Boy Scouts 
 
 The Boy Scouts' Troup No. 
 1, of Bingham Lake was or- 
 ganized liy L. H. Langley 
 while he was home on a fur- 
 lough from Camp Cody in Jan- 
 uary, 1917. When he had to 
 return to duty, Charles Van 
 Horsen was made Scout Mas- 
 ter. 
 
 Scout Master Van Horsen 
 entered into the spirit and 
 work of the scouts with won- 
 derful zeal and energy. The 
 troupe numbered about 15 ac- 
 tive scouts. They took hold 
 of all the activities of scout- 
 ing, wood craft, first aid, 
 caniping, etc., with all the 
 spirit and enthusiasm of real 
 red blooded American boys. 
 The boys took an especial in- 
 terest in all civic and national 
 matters. They gave of their 
 scant supply of money and 
 liberally of their time and work 
 to improve and beautify the 
 village. When the United 
 States entered the great 
 
World Conflict and the President asked the help 
 and co-operation of all Boy Scouts, the Bingham 
 Lake troup tlirew themselves into the work with all 
 their might. There was little that the boys could 
 ■do in the first Bond drive, but in the second when 
 the President offered a silk flag for the troup that 
 sold the largest pro-rata of bonds in each state, the 
 "boys worked with such enthusiasm that the Bingham 
 Lake Troop stood second in the state of Minnesota, 
 and for awhile it was uncertain whether the flag; 
 would go to that troup or to a troup in St. Paul. 
 Minn. Finally it was decided that the St. Paul 
 Troup had won out and the flag went there, but th" 
 individual efforts of the boys had been so good that 
 nine of them, Loyd Butler, Everett Smith, Will Ste- 
 phenson, Jack Langley, James Redding, Alvin Nel- 
 son, Lyle McGladery, Glen McGladery and Leslie 
 McGladery, each won a medal from the Government. 
 Assistant Scout Master Arthur Leder had charge 
 
 of the work but on account of his official position 
 was barred from receiving a medal. Roy Leder, 
 Luzerne Smith, Henry Gerbracht and Chester Smith 
 also did excellent work but did not get a medal. 
 
 In April, 1918, Lieutenant Charles A. Fuller was 
 sent down from Ft. Snelling to present the medals 
 for the President. In the third Bond drive Lyle Mc- 
 Gladery won a bar to go with the medal he had. 
 won in the second drive. In April, 1919, when 
 Charles Van Horsen resigned as Scout Master, the 
 boys presented him with a fine watch as a token of 
 their esteem for him and that he might always re- 
 member them. Prof. Swanson of the Bingham Lake 
 School was made Scout Master. It would be hard 
 to overestimate the value to a group of growing boys 
 of the manly exercise and activities of Scout life. 
 The work of the troup will leave a lasting influence 
 on their lives. 
 
 THE WINDOM BAND 
 Mr. Odin Skillingstad, Director 
 
 During the war these boys surely showed their 
 loyalty to the cause of liberty. Whenever a group 
 of boys were leaving for the camps they were al- 
 ways ready to get out and render seme inspiring 
 music for those who were going away to wear the 
 khaki for the cause of freedom. We cannot give 
 these boys too much credit for their services, for 
 most of them had to leave their work and places 
 ■of business. But there is nothing that cheers hke 
 good music, and the boys were always ready and 
 willing to do their part, whenever there was a public 
 meeting (and there were a great many of them) on 
 the Court House grounds, opera house. Red Cross 
 Social, or other public meetings, the boys were al- 
 ways there. The band was not at full strength 
 all the time for some of the members were in the 
 service in France fighting for the cause of freedom. 
 Director Skillingstad, and the boys as well, deserve 
 
 a great deal of credit for their effort put forth dur- 
 ing this time of unpleasantness. 
 
 The members of the Band are as follows, read- 
 ing from left to right : 
 
 Top Row : Ralph Skellie, Arthur Hawkins, Tru- 
 man Quevli, John Solem, D. R. Savage, Alph Ler- 
 vaag, Dr. Griffith. 
 
 Second Row : Philip Wing. Willard Anonsen, 
 Stanley Peterson, Harold Peterson, Dolph Strunk, 
 Lyman Marshall. 
 
 Third Row : Sigurd x\nderson, Nels Anderson, 
 Claude Cook, Odin Skillingstad, Fenner Hudson. 
 
 Two sitting down : Alden MuUer and Cecil Sil- 
 liman. Roland MuUer and Sherman Porter were 
 also members of the Band but are not on the pic- 
 ture. And it must also be stated that some of these 
 men in the picture served in the Army. 
 
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Dr. J. H. Dudley, (1)— Was chairman of the j\Ied- 
 ical Advisor.v Board of Cottonwood County. 
 
 W. J. Clark, (2)— Was chairman of tlie Third, 
 Fourth and Victory Loan drives, chairman of the 
 first Y. M. C. A. drive, chairman of the Fuel 
 Commission, chairman of the Armenian-Syrian 
 Relief drive. 
 
 J. A. Redding, (?,) — Mr. Redding was County Chair- 
 man of the War Savings campaign, and the War 
 Savings Stamp drive which resulted in the sale 
 of ahout $.)On,0(l().00 in the county. 
 
 D. U. Weld, (4) — Was County Chairman of the 
 Puhlic Safety Commission, and also the National 
 Protective Association. 
 
 Mrs. T. C. Collins, (5) — Was County Chairman of 
 the Women's Auxiliary of the National Council 
 of Defense, and also chairman of the food pledge 
 campaign. 
 
 Mrs. J. O. Thompson, (6) — Was County Chairman 
 of the Child's Welfare campaign, in which 1,700 
 children were registered, weighed and measured. 
 
 J. O. Thompson, (7) — Was a member of the Coun- 
 ty Executive Committee of the War Savings cam- 
 paign, and publisher of "Cottonwood County in 
 the World's War." 
 
 Phil C. Redding, (20) — County Food Administrator 
 from the beginning of the war until his entry into 
 the Y. M. C. A. Dr. L. Sogge was appointed to 
 fdl the vacancy. 
 
 Ed. Tabbert, (21) — Member from Amo Township, 
 of the County Public Safety Commission. 
 
 John Ringkob, (22) — Was auctioneer of the big Red 
 Cross sale in Windom as well as box socials for 
 the Red Cross all over the county. 
 
 Alfred R. Tverson, (23) — County chairman of the 
 Jr. Red Cross until his entry into the Y. M. C. A, 
 
 Ralph Crim, (24) — County Agent of the Cottonwood 
 County Farm Bureau. This department was in- 
 strumental in increasing the production of farm 
 produce during the war. 
 
 Dr. John Adamson, (2.i) — Member of the Medical 
 Advisory Board of Cottonwood County. 
 
 W. J. McGladery, (26)— Member of the County 
 Executive Committee in the War Savings Drive, 
 was also appointed by the Government to do spe- 
 cial lecture work in favor of the W. S. S. drive. 
 
 Paul S. Redding, (27) — Member of the Legal Ad- 
 visory Board for Cottonwood Countv. 
 
 W. F. Sanger, (8) — Was County Chairman of the 
 America F'irst Association. 
 
 Dr. L. Sogge, (9)— Was County Food Administrator 
 after P, G. Redding entered the Y. M. C. A. and 
 was on the Medical Advisory Board until he en- 
 listed in the Medical Reserve. 
 
 O. J. Finstad, (10) — Was appointed Government 
 Appeal Agent, and attorney for the Draft Board. 
 Was also County Chairman of the Associated 
 Charities drive which raised $41,000.00. 
 
 A. O. Stark. (11)— Member of the County Public 
 Safety Commission from Amo Township. 
 
 Gabriel Olson. (12) — Member of the Storden Town- 
 ship Liberty Loan Committee. 
 
 Guy Saberson, (Li) — Was a member of the Liberty 
 Bond committee of Great Bend Township, War 
 Savings Stamp drive. Red Cross, etc. 
 
 Dr. E. .A. Ellsworth, (3S)— Was in the Y, M. C. A. 
 work from Dec. 17, 1917, until the winter of 1919. 
 He was sent to New York for training, and was 
 then sent to Russia, sailing from Seattle, Wash., 
 spending about three months there when they 
 were obliged to leave on account of the Russian 
 Revolution. He returned to the States and was 
 sent to France where he served until the end of 
 the war. Dr. Ellsworth lacked only a few thou- 
 sand miles of traveling around the world. 
 
 Geo. Eichner, (29) — Member of the County Public 
 Safety Commission from Rose Hill Township. 
 
 W. J. Croft, (:iO)— Auctioneer of the Big Red Cross 
 sale in Windom and at many of the Red Cross box 
 socials over the County, 
 
 Dr. A. E. Rieke, (.■?!)- Member of the County Ex- 
 ecutive Committee in the War Savings drive, and 
 was secretary of the Red Cross Auxiliary at Mt, 
 Lake, Minn. 
 
 Dr. B. Ravn, (14 )— :\Iembcr of the Medical .Ad- 
 visory Board until his entry into the service. 
 
 Miss .Anna Engeswick, (15) — Was County Chair- 
 man of the County Jr. Red Cross after A. R. 
 Iverson entered the Y. M. C. A. service. 
 
 A. W. .\nnes, (32) — Was member of the Legal 
 Advisory Board, and acted as chairman during 
 the absence of the chairman. 
 
 Carl Ruhberg, (33) — Member of the County Execu- 
 tive Committee of the War Savings Drive. 
 
 C. W. Gillam, State Senator, (1(5)— County Chair- 
 man of the Second Red Cross drive which resulted 
 in the raising of about $24,000.00. 
 
 Mrs. E. T. Chesnut, (17)— County Chairman of the 
 Patriot Education Div. of the Women's N. C. of 
 Defense. 
 
 Elias Warner, (IS)— Member of Countv Public 
 Safety Commission from Highwater Township. 
 
 J. J. Franz, (19) — Member of the County Execu- 
 tive Committee in the War Savings Stamp Drive. 
 
 E. T. Chesnut, (34)— Supt. of the Windom High 
 School. Had charge of the military training of 
 the High School boys during the war, and was 
 local chairman of the second Red Cross drive. 
 
 Glen Jordan, (35) — Clerk to the Draft Board of 
 Cottonwood County. 
 
 Fred Pratt, (36) — Member of the Springfield Lib- 
 erty Bond Committee in all three drives. Mr. 
 Pratt had the honor of selling the horse that 
 brought the highest price of any horse sold to 
 the Government from Cottonwood County. 
 
Cottonwood County Women's Auxiliary of the 
 National Council of Defense 
 
 The National Council created a central committee 
 of ten women with headquarters at Washington, 
 D. C. Dr. Anna Howard Shaw was made chair- 
 man. These women appointed chairmen for each 
 state whose duty it was to organize that state. 
 The chairman for Minnesota was Mrs. Thomas G. 
 Winter, of Minneapolis. She with the presidents 
 of all organizations that have a state-wide organ- 
 ization as for example. The State Federation of 
 Women's Clubs, Y. W. C. A., and W. C. T. U. 
 This council appointed a chairman in each county 
 who bore a similar relation to the organization in 
 that county. 
 
 In most states the men's war organization bore the 
 name of The Council of Defense; but in Minnesota 
 it was designated by the state legislature as the 
 "Minnesota Commission of Public Safety." 
 
 Mrs. T. C. Collins, of Windom, was appointed 
 chairman of the woman's committee for Cottonwood 
 County. A community council was formed at the 
 county seat composed of a representative from each 
 local organization of women, to assist in carrying out 
 the national program for food conservation and 
 allied war works. 
 
 FOOD CONSERVATION— Mrs. T. C. Collins, 
 
 Chairman. 
 A chairman was appointed in each village in the 
 county, who did good service in this work, distrib- 
 uting literature, pledge cards, etc. Later the teach- 
 ers of the public schools made a house to house can- 
 vas with the pledge cards. They found the house- 
 wives most willing to co-operate with the food ad- 
 ministration. Miss Amidon, domestic science teach- 
 er in the Windom Public Schools, aided by giving 
 a demonstration at the County Fair and the High 
 School, on food values. 
 
 CHILD WELFARE— Mrs. J. O. Thompson, 
 Chairman. 
 This work was well organized. A chairman was 
 appointed in each township and village in the coun- 
 ty. A day was given to the registration and weigh- 
 
 ing of chUdren, every chairman reporting. 1,100 
 children were registered, weighed and measured ; a 
 number of children were found below weight, but the 
 reports showed that most of the country children 
 were above the average weight and height. 
 
 AMERICANIZATION— Mrs. Joseph Dudley, 
 Chairman. 
 
 The chairman had charge of the Community Sing- 
 ing on the Court House lawn. On Saturday even- 
 ings a band concert was given in connection with 
 the singing. A leader was appointed for each oc- 
 casion by the chairman, this resulting in raising 
 the enthusiasm of the people to a higher degree of 
 patriotism. 
 
 PATRIOTIC EDUCATION, Mrs. E. T. Chestnut. 
 Chairman. 
 This department was for the purpose of educating 
 the people along the line of patriotism. A survey 
 was made of each village in the county and all wom- 
 en registered who were employed outside of their 
 homes. 
 
 LIBERTY LOAN— Mrs. Andrew Cowan, Chair- 
 man. 
 The men of the county felt that the women should 
 not be called upon to assist in the sale of Liberty 
 Bonds, as they centered a great deal of their time 
 and elTort to the Red Cross and other charitable 
 work. 
 
 WAR LIBRARY WORK 
 Credit is due the school children of the county for 
 the large donation to the Camp Library Fund. Sev- 
 eral boxes of books were also donated and sent to 
 the Camp libraries. 
 
 YOUNG WOMEN'S AUNILIARY— Miss Ruth 
 
 Rogers, Chairman. 
 
 This was composed of forty-nine high school 
 
 girls, divided into six squads. Each had its captain 
 
 and met once a week to knit for the soldiers. They 
 
 were an earnest and enthusiastic group of workers. 
 
 Food Administration 
 
 Perhaps the least thanked and the most cursed 
 of all the war activities were the conscientious efforts 
 on the part of the County Food Administration in 
 their efforts to regulate the distribution of food and 
 the increased production. Food was the greatest 
 factor in winning the war, and the efforts that the 
 Food Administration put forth were a credit not 
 only to those in charge, but to the County as well. 
 
 Mr. Phil G. Redding was the first Food'Adminis- 
 trator and shortly after his appointment he en- 
 tered the Y. M. C. A. and Dr. L. Sogge was ap- 
 pointed as his successor and served until the close 
 
 lit tlie war. Mrs. L. Sogge was appointed clerk. 
 The rules of the Government in regard to food reg- 
 ulations was well obeyed by the great majority of 
 the people of the County. Some trouble was ex- 
 perienced as to hoarding of wheat, but, being ad- 
 vised, they took the wheat to market without fur- 
 ther trouble. 
 
 Some few in the county tried to get more sugar 
 than they were entitled to and were called on to 
 contribute to the Red Cross fund to the approxi- 
 mate amount of $300.00. The County was fully 
 organized and every one did his duty faith full v. 
 
EXECUTIVE COALMITTEE OF THE COTTONWOOD COUNTY AMERICAN RED CROSS 
 
 CHAPTER. 
 Reading from left to right : T. A. Perkins, Mrs. Geo. Warren. J. E. Foss, Mrs. A. F. Strunk, Secretary ; 
 Dr. F. R. Weiser, Chairman; Alt. Anderson, Treasurer; Mrs. Andrew Olson, M. L. Fisch and Jens An- 
 derson. 
 
 History of Cottonwood County Chapter of American 
 Red Cross and Its War Work 
 
 By Mrs. F. L. Parso. 
 
 In ready and enthusiastic response to the call 
 sent out through the length and breadth of the land 
 the Red Cross Chapter of Cottonwood County was 
 organized on July 3, 11117. The Board of Directors 
 were Dr. F. R. Weiser, Mr. M. L. Fisch, Mr. J. E. 
 F'oss, Mrs. A. F. Strunk, Mrs. T. C. Collins, Mrs. 
 C. W. Gillani, Mrs. Geo. Warren, Mrs. Lucy Olson, 
 Mr. Jens Anderson, Mr. A. T. Anderson, Mr. T. A. 
 Perkins, and Mr. A. D. Nelson. From these the fol- 
 lowing efficient officers were elected: Chairman, 
 
 F. R. Weiser: Vice-Chairman, Mr. J. E. Foss; Treas- 
 urer, Mr. A. T. Anderson; Secretary, Mrs. A. F. 
 Strunk. 
 
 In order to immediately procure money with 
 which to finance the new organization it was decided 
 to use July 4th as Tag Day. Both taggers and 
 tagged entered into the spirit of the occasion with 
 the satisfactory results of receipts amountmg to 
 $737.27. 
 
 Teams that went through the county to organize 
 the branches everywhere met with encouraging 
 response from the people backed by generous 
 pledges of money and service. The five branches of 
 the Countv were organized as follows : 
 
 JEFFERS— July 7th. Chairman, Mr. C. R. Dn- 
 roe ; Vice-Chairman. Mrs. Helen M. Tierry ; Treas- 
 urer, Mrs. J. P. Thorne ; Secretary, Mrs. F. J. Ar- 
 mantrout. 
 
 BINGHAM LAKE— July 11th. Chairman, Mr. 
 Charles Van Horsen ; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Fred 
 Langlev ; Treasurer, Mr. D. J. Voth ; Secretary, Mrs. 
 
 G. O. Fisher. 
 
 WESTBROOK— July 16th. Chairman, Mr. J. L. 
 Sammons, later succeeded by Mrs. A. F. Meyers; 
 Vice-Chairman, Mr. A. F. Meyers; Treasurer, Mr. 
 G. H. Edstrom ; Secretary, Mr. R. S. Peterson. 
 
 MOUNTAIN LAKE— -August l.'Jth. Chairman, 
 Mr. H. P. Goertz ; Vice-Chairman, Dr. Piper ; Treas- 
 urer, Mr. J. H. Dickman ; Secretary, Dr. E. A. 
 Rieke. 
 
 STORDEN— September 27th. Chairman, Mr. C. 
 H. Ruhberg; Vice-Chairman, Mr. A. H. Anderson; 
 Treasurer, Mr. P. G. Hiebert; Secretary, Mr. El- 
 mer Seleen. 
 
 At a large puljlic meeting held in Windom in the 
 Wonderland Theatre on the evening of July 11th for 
 the purpose of raising funds, $3,600.00 was sub- 
 scribed. The principal speaker of the evening was 
 Father O'Connor of Worthington. 
 
 At the time of the organization of the Westbrook 
 
 branch a mass meeting was held and several speak- 
 ers addressed the meeting, among them Bishop Mc- 
 Elwein of Minneapolis. A drive for funds was 
 made at this time, pledges and receipts amounted to 
 about $1,000.00. 
 
 At the time the other branches were organized, a 
 campaign was made for funds. We can not give 
 the actual amounts subscribed but the approximate 
 amounts are as follows : Bingham Lake about $.^00 ; 
 Storden about $1,100; JefFers about $600; Mountain 
 Lake about $350. Mountain Lake had previous to 
 this rjiised $2,000 for the Red Cross which was 
 given directly to Governor Burnquist. Cottonwood 
 County was not given credit for this money as it 
 did not go through this Red Cross Chapter. 
 
 The Military Relief Committee was appointed with 
 Mrs. T. A. Perkins as chairman and five captains : 
 Mrs. J. H. Dudley, Mrs. J. E. Johnson, Mrs. F. L. 
 Parso. Mrs. Hector Cowan, and Mrs. Emma Scurr. 
 These captains wtih their corps of workers were 
 each allotted one day of the week on which they 
 were to be responsible for the work in the sewing 
 rooms. After some months of efficient service Mrs. - 
 Perkins resigned and was succeeded by Mrs. S. L. 
 Rogers with Mrs. A. D. Perkins as vice-chairman. 
 The making of garments continued eight or nine 
 hours a day, five days a week during nearly all of 
 the two years that the work was carried on. Too 
 much cannot be said of the women all over the 
 county who day after day in heat and cold in rain 
 and in blizzard set aside all personal duties to go to 
 the work rooms to make the much needed garments. 
 There was a total of 8,828 articles made. Special 
 mention should be given Mrs. A. D. Perkins who 
 sewed 2!I2 days. 
 
 Mrs. T. C. Collins was inspector of garments for 
 the county. All garments sent were nearly if not 
 quite beyond criticism. 
 
 The chairman of the pressing committee was Mrs. 
 A. T. Anderson later succeeded bv Mrs. D. A. 
 Laliart. 
 
 The Junior Red Cross of the county was under 
 the supervision of the County Superintendent of 
 Schools, Mr. A. R. Iverson. After he went to 
 France the work was carried on by J\Iiss Anna 
 Engeswick. 
 
 Not less loyal than the sewers were the knitters, 
 the women, who. though unable to leave their homes, 
 spent long days knitting the beautiful warm arti- 
 cles so much appreciated by the boys. The first 
 
chairman of this department was Miss Carohne 
 Thompson ; after a few months she was succeeded 
 by Miss Agnes Cowan. This division proved to be 
 particularly interesting because of some unique fea- 
 tures ; enlisted among the knitters were some who, 
 as young people, had done like service for the boys 
 of the Civil War, while others were Init children. 
 Many men, too, joined the knitters. .\ total of 
 7,0:i4 articles were knitted and sent. In the accom-- 
 panying picture appear some faces that are endeared 
 to rnany people because of their long lives rich in 
 service for others. Reading from left to right a few 
 remarks about each follows. 
 
 Mrs. Mickel Grimes of Windom, who is eighty- 
 four years of age, knit in ten months 20.j pairs of 
 socks and seven sweaters. 
 
 Mrs. John Larson of Jeffers, who knit 21."i pairs 
 of socks in twelve months. 
 
 Mr. Luverne Nelson of Storden, fourteen years 
 old, knit two sweaters. 
 
 Mrs. S. B. Stedman of Windom, eighty-two years 
 of age knit 102 pairs of socks. 
 
 Mrs. Clark Seely of Westbrook, si.xty-seven years 
 of age, beside doing a great deal of sewing, knit 80 
 pair of socks, three pair of wristers and one helmet. 
 Miss Hazel Minnie Hoick of Jeffers, who though 
 but nine years of age, knit nine five-inch squares, 
 nine pairs of wristlets, si.xteen pairs of socks and 
 four sweaters. She was not helped with her work. 
 Mrs. Mary Monson of Westbrook, eighty-four 
 years of age, was another of Cottonwood County's 
 champion knitters who spent most of her time knit- 
 ting for the Red Cross. She knit 64 pairs of 
 socks, .) sweaters and several pairs of wristlets. 
 
 Each soldier who went from the county was given 
 a comfort kit well filled with useful and necessarv 
 articles. Mrs. J. H. Dudley was chairman of the 
 comfort kit committee. Besides the kits for our 
 own boys the Red Cross furnished 150 army and 
 navy kits. 
 
 Many participated in the joy of helping to supply 
 the contents of the 150 boxes filled with most de- 
 licious Christmas cheer, wliich were sent to the 
 boys in camps that first Christmas. 
 
 The Christmas membership drive has lieen suc- 
 cessfully managed each year by a committee headed 
 by Mr. R. D. Collins. The largest membership 
 record was 3,70:! for the year 1917. 
 
 In the 1917 membership drive a flag was offered 
 the rural school district that secured the largest 
 number of members for the Red Cross. To dis- 
 trict number 42 was the honor of winning the flag. 
 District 42 with Miss Menora Steen as teacher, en- 
 rolled 80 new members for the Red Cross. Dis- 
 trict No. 68 with Miss Geneva Reeves as teacner 
 won second place with 61 members, and District No. 
 64 with Miss Harriet Thompson as teacher, was 
 third with 54 new members. 
 
 In the spring of 1918 a committee on Belgium re- 
 lief, with Mrs. Geo. Warren as chairman, gathered, 
 packed and sent 1,428 articles of good clothing. 
 Later in the fall of 1918, another large amount of 
 clothing was gathered and sent. 
 
 During the summer of 1918 ten .Auxiliaries were 
 •organized with the chairman as follows: 
 Lakeside, Mrs. John Grant. 
 Amo, Mrs. C. N. Nelson. 
 West Great Bend, Mrs. J. D. Vanderkar. 
 String Lakes, Mrs. A. W. Davis. 
 Highwater, Mrs. Henry Reksten. 
 Dale, Mrs. John Gusta'fson. 
 Springiield, Mrs. John Harper. 
 Progressive, Mrs. C. N. Gilbertson. 
 Delton, Mrs. Burger. 
 Ann, Mrs. C. W. Steen. 
 
 The Auxiliaries are deserving of a great deal of 
 -credit for the splendid way that they responded to 
 
 the needs of the Red Cross, some of the Auxiliaries 
 did a great deal of work, while others were or- 
 ganized late and were just getting started when the 
 "flu" came and all work was suspended and during 
 this time the Armistice was signed, the war being 
 over. 
 
 On May first, at Windom, was held a very suc- 
 cessful auction, articles of every description were 
 donated, food, furniture, live stock, hardware, plants 
 and machinery. Many things were sold over and 
 over again, and the net proceeds of the auction was 
 ■$7,027.10. Mr. A. F. Strunk was chairman of the 
 committee that had the auction in charge. The auc- 
 tioneers were Messrs. John Ringkob, W. J. Croft. 
 C. J. Erickson of Windom, Olson and Warnes of 
 Storden, and Daly of Butterfield, Minn. ,\n inter- 
 esting feature of this sale was the bidding for 
 named stars to be put on the large County service 
 flag. Stars were sold at prices ranging from ten 
 to sixty dollars, the total amounting to something 
 over thirty-two hundred dollars. The address of 
 the afternoon was given by Judge Thorsen of Lake- 
 field. 
 
 Jefifers also had a very successful Red Cross auc- 
 tion the latter part of May, 1918, and the net pro- 
 ceeds of the auction was about $2,500.00. 
 
 Box socials, ice cream socials and entertainments 
 were held in nearly every school in the county for 
 the benefit of the Red Cross. Generous sums of 
 money were realized at these socials, many of the 
 boxes were sold at big prices, some bringing as 
 much as $25.00 each. 
 
 A gift was made to the Red Cross by Mr. Andrew 
 Quevli of an old and valuable coin collection, one 
 which Mr. Quevli had spent years in gathering. 
 The sale of the coins was in charge of a committee 
 of three of which Mrs. D. A. Lahart was chairman, 
 assisted by Mrs. .\. B. Cone and Mrs. Dr. Dudley. 
 The money realized was $1,534.40. 
 
 The Great Bend Ladies' Aid donated to the Red 
 Cross an autograph quilt pieced by Mrs. Ed. Con- 
 verse. 
 
 In the fall the Home Service Department under 
 the Chairmanship of Mrs. M. S. Porter, collected 
 large quantities of garments and sent them by ex- 
 press to the fire sufferers in the northern part of 
 the state. 
 
 For the linen shower 1,580 excellent articles were 
 given. 
 
 The Home Service Department of which ^frs. An- 
 drew Cowan was secretary, rendered valualile as- 
 sistance to those needing aid or information. 
 
 Free use of rooms with heat and light in school- 
 houses, the court house, the Odd Fellows Hall, the 
 balcony in Mr. S. L. Roger's store and in many 
 homes was generously given for the making and 
 packing of garments. 
 
 The many calls that came were met by men in 
 every walk in life but to the business men partic- 
 ularly much credit is due for the cheerful and help- 
 ful manner in which they co-operated not only in 
 the larger matters but also in the smaller details 
 of the work. Articles for the comfort kits and 
 often materials used in the Red Cross rooms were 
 furnished by the merchants at first cost. 
 
 Because of the arduous, detailed and continuous 
 duties of her office it is fitting that especial men- 
 tion be made of the secretary, INIrs. A. F. Strunk, 
 who withheld nothing that would add to the effi- 
 ciency of the work giving freely of both time and 
 labor. 
 
 The Red Cross rooms are closed and the knitters 
 and sewers and late officers have returned to their 
 former duties, but into their lives have come a 
 better understanding of each other, a deeper sympa- 
 thy for those in distress, and a broader vision and 
 keener insight into the great needs and suffering of 
 this old troubled world of ours. 
 
STORDEX RED CROSS BRANCH. 
 
 From left to right, top row: Mrs. Lyniaii Larson. Mrs. Tom Fredrickson, Mrs. Clifford Cole, ]\Irs. 
 Charlie Johnson, Mrs. Ella Engleson, Mrs. Aug. Fredrickson, Mrs. Vigo Miller, Mrs. Celia Hanson. Miss 
 Agnes Thompson. Mrs. P. G. Hiebert, Miss Anna Hamson. Mrs. .\nna Kaihoi, Mrs. Gustafson. 
 
 Second Row : Mrs. Pete Jensen, Mrs. John Olson, Mrs. K. Paulson, Mrs. C. H. Ruhberg, Chairman, 
 Mrs. O. C. Lande, Mrs. Tom Olson, Mrs. Martha Honderland, Mrs. Herman Mortenson. 
 
 Third Row: Mrs. Geo. Klasse, Mrs. Walter Larson, Mrs. Sam Peterson, Mrs. Carl Peterson, ^Nliss Vera 
 Larson, )vliss Oleva Olson, Mrs. Elmer Scleen and Mrs. Guv L. Davis. 
 
 BLXGHAM LAKE RED CROSS BRANCH. 
 
 Top row from left to right: Mrs. W. C. Smith, Mrs. Henry Carlson, Mrs. Charles E. Spear, Miss Vivian 
 Lehman, Mrs. Harold McCormick. 
 
 Second Row: Mrs. Victor Rogers, Mrs. Earl Bigbee, Miss Trilbv Meyers, Mrs, F'ischer, Mrs. Alf. 
 Wicklund, Mrs. Roy Sylvester. 
 
 Bottom Row: Mrs. A. L. Myers, Mrs. Koeneguer, Mrs. A. L. Holt, Mrs. John Henderson, Mrs. Guy Dry- 
 ■den, Mrs. S. P. Stephenson. 
 
AAIO AUXILIARY. 
 
 Top row: Mrs. James Davis, Mrs. W. Kineerv, Mrs. Lewis Fla'^lier 
 
 Second Row: Airs. Wm. Kuehl, Mrs. John Anderson. Mrs. W. A. Alorrow, Airs. Riid. Pietz. Aliss Hattie 
 
 Bondhus, Mrs. Andrew Tjentland, Mrs. 'Herb. McCulIough 
 
 Third Row: Mrs. John L. D. Olson, Mrs. LarsM. Peterson, Miss Jenette Olson. Mrs. Andrew Tho 
 son, Mrs Dave Tibbedeaux, Mrs. Sam Olson, Mrs. A. O. Stark 
 
 Bottom Row: Mrs. H. R. Pietz, Mrs. Ole Bondhus, Mrs. Svkora Mrs Torris B 
 nolds. Mrs. Oscar Thompson and Mrs. Ed. McCuUonoh 
 
 mp- 
 3ondhu5, Mrs. McRev- 
 
 DALE RED CROSS AUXILIARY. 
 
 Top row from left to right: Mrs. Paul Kjoznes, Mrs. Guv Drvden, Mrs. Emil Paulson, Mrs K E. 
 Wnig, Mrs. Snyder, Mrs. Morris Thompson. Miss Bertha Erickson. 
 
 Second Row: Mrs. J. R. Jacobson, Mrs. John Eidem, Miss Emma Erickson, Miss Mae Matheison Mrs. 
 Shatter, Miss Cathrine Newton. 
 
 Bottom Row: Mrs. Geo. Matheison, Mrs. Geo. Smith, Miss Wina;, Mrs. John Gustafson. chairman Mrs 
 J. -■\. Raines and Miss Marg. Matheison. 
 
JEFFERS RED CROSS WORKERS. 
 
 ;\Irs. C. R. Duroe, cliairman, Mrs. Helen AT. Tierry, vice-chairman. Airs. J. P. Thorne, treasnrer, Mrs. 
 F. J. Armantrout, secretary. 
 
 L.'\KESIDE RED CROSS AUXILIARY. 
 
 Top row, left to right: Mrs. John McCulIongh, Mrs. E. R. Lawhead, Airs. Geo. Grant, Mrs. Fred Bur- 
 ban]<. Miss Geneva Reeves. 
 
 Second row: Miss Helen Finnegan, Mrs. Roy Billings, Airs. W. B. Rae, Miss Margaret Finnegan. 
 Bottom Row; Mrs. John Jacobson, Mrs. John Grant, Mrs. C. S. Reeves and Mrs. A. F. Manee. 
 
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WESTBROOK RED CROSS BRANCH. 
 
 From left to right, top row: Miss Carrie Monsoii. Mrs. Tom White. Mrs. A. F. Mevcrs Mrs Adolph 
 i^eterson. Miss Plioebe Nelson, Mrs. Chas. Passmore. Mrs. Bert Milligan, Mrs. Henrv F'ooth Mrs A O 
 Iverson, Mrs. Frank Miller. 
 
 Bottom Row: Mrs. O. H. Smeby, Mrs. Ed. Fiel. Mrs. David Mariele, Mrs. T. G. Christy Mrs G W 
 Wright. . -. . . 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE HIGHWATER RED CROSS AUXILIARY. 
 Mr. Iver O. Iverson, Miss Hannah Swenson, Mrs. Henry Reksten, Miss Olivia Hendrickson. 
 
 CHAMPION KNITTERS. 
 
 1. Reading from left to right: Mrs. Michal Grimes, Mrs. John Larson, Mr. Luverne Nelson, Mrs. S. B. 
 Stedman, Mrs. Clark Seely, Miss Hazel Minnie Hoi ck, and Mrs. Marv Monson. 
 
The Second Red Cross War Fund Drive 
 
 C. W. Gillam, Campaign JNIanager. 
 
 Again Cottonwood County showed its loyalty in 
 its response to the call made upon it for the sup- 
 port of the Second Red Cross War Fund Drive, 
 by over subscribing $1,775.00. The call was for 
 the county to furnish $21,000,00 and the quick res- 
 ponse to the call showed that the people of this 
 county, at least, were heartily in accord with the 
 work of the Red Cross. Windoni had contributed 
 liberally to the work just before the Drive was 
 called, so that in practically the same space of time 
 the people of this town had given $10,000.00 to the 
 work. 
 
 The ditiferent townships and villages of the coun- 
 ty made a splendid showing in raising even more 
 than the amount assigned to them in this Second 
 Red Cross War Fund Drive, and the managers and 
 assistants showed a hearty co-operation and interest 
 in the work. For as has often been said, the indi- 
 vidual interest and effort is what counts, especially 
 in a cause of this nature. 
 
 Compliments are given to the people of German- 
 town township who went over the top with a second 
 canvass, after being canvassed the week before 
 thoroughly for the Red Cross at Sanborn. It 
 showed a willingness to do their best and they 
 did it well. Ann township, also, over subscribed to 
 the extent of $.'il9.80, the largest over subscription 
 of any township or village in the county. 
 
 It will be remembered that the First Red Cross 
 War Fund subscription was altogether a free will 
 offering and that there was no allotment made. 
 The county is in no wise ashamed of its first sub- 
 scription for it surely contributed liberally. 
 
 The following committees were the ones who 
 made the drive a success. We were unable to get 
 the names of some of the committees, as there was 
 no record made of who they were and the chair- 
 men were unable to name them all and did not 
 feel as though they should give the names of part 
 of the committee and not the rest, we regret that 
 we cannot mention them, but whoever they may be, 
 they are entitled to the credit that is theirs. 
 
 Amboy Township, Albert Immer, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Ed. Johnson Ralph Townsend 
 
 Alfred Swanson J. H. Murphv 
 
 S. S. Carter Geo. Potter 
 
 Fred Thramm Tohn Hoick 
 
 W. S. Swain 
 
 Amo Township, .\. O. Stark, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Miss Agnes Johnson Mr. Thos. Solomonson 
 
 Mrs. J. T. Davis Mrs. Wm. Kingerv 
 
 Mrs. R. R. Pietz Mrs. H. R. McCuUbugh 
 
 Mr. A. J. Tjentland Mr. George Mead 
 
 Mr. Eddie McCaulev, Jr. Mr. W. A. Morrow 
 Mr. T. Bondhus Mr. Wm. Kuehl 
 
 Ann Township, Alfred Enstad, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 J. T. Bakken Arthur Uvass 
 
 O. T. Nortsiden B, N. Johnson 
 
 A. B. Ness P. C. Olson 
 
 Alfred Mathison 
 
 Carson Township, Jolm P. Lepp, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 P. C. Klaasscn Henry P. Nickel 
 
 Cornelius Beier Henry Hokenson 
 
 Dale Township, John F. Gustafson, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Herman Carlson Reuben Miller 
 
 Ralph Asquith Almo Kingrey 
 
 Dan Epp Paul Kjosnes 
 
 Ernest Grunewald J. S. Harder 
 
 Geo. Snook Sam Lowe 
 
 Olaf Erickson Gerald Campbell 
 
 Henry Will John Jacobson 
 
 Earl Hunter Grant Smith 
 
 Link Kilgore Fred Cornelius 
 
 Carl E. Erickson 
 
 Delton Township, Jacob Liesenfeld, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Wm. Smieger N. P. Minion 
 
 C. F. Peterson J. H. Murfew 
 
 Jay Hakes O. T. Wright 
 
 Germantown Township, John Radtke, Chairman. 
 
 Great Bend Township, Merton D. Obert, Chair- 
 man. 
 
 SOLICITORS. 
 M. W. Dyer K. C. Snyder 
 
 H. A. Stoughton Erick Walberg 
 
 Chas. Miester Homer Stine 
 
 Thor. Nerness W. E. Bigbee 
 
 Rob. Lowe Arthur Hanefield 
 
 Jas. Scurr 
 
 Soutlilirook Township, Henry Groff, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Knud Hanson Ed. Wertsbaugh 
 
 Mrs. Geo. Lutz Theo. Lamaack 
 
 Nick Henkel Mrs. Fred Van Norman 
 
 Mrs. Jacob Pelzel Mrs. Chas. Sunderman 
 
 Springfield Township, Loyd St. John, Chairman. 
 
 Selma Township, Charles W. Stark, Chairman. 
 
 Chas. Nelson Emil Samuelson 
 
 C. G. Gabrielson Walter Hudson 
 
 Lambert Valentine Emil Altermat 
 
 Rav Sw^anson L. P. Richardson 
 
 Oscar Elg Theo. Zettler 
 Ferdinand Berger 
 
 Westbrook Township, F. W. Ludwigson, Chair- 
 man. 
 
 SOLICITORS. 
 
 J. A. Christianson P. H. Feterson 
 
 A. S. Knutson Nick Anderson 
 
 Berndt Johnson Pete Skjing 
 
 J. Adams H. J. Hanson 
 
 H. L. Nelson Oscar Peterson 
 
 E. T. Engebretson Ole P. Isaacson 
 
 Westbrook Village, A. F. Meyers, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 
 F. M. Jililler W. J. Free 
 R. S. Peterson Bert Milligan 
 Carl Knudson John Kuehl 
 
 G. H. Edstrom 
 
 JNIt. Lake Village, A. A. Penner, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 M. S. Hanson Dr. E. A. Rieke 
 
 P. J. Harder W. C. Warner 
 
 Dr. W. A. Piper F. F. Schroder 
 
 Theo. Wedel D. H. Fast 
 
Midway Township, Jacob P. Epp, Chairman. 
 SOLICITORS. 
 Henry G. Neiifield G. J. Kliever 
 
 Aaron A. Wall Peter H. Franz 
 
 Jacob P. Derksen Abram Goosen 
 
 M:lce Curley John Loof 
 
 M. Hulzebos 
 
 Windom, Minn.. E. T. Chesnut, Chairman. 
 
 J. H. Stroud 
 Max Langley 
 M. T. DeWolf 
 Carl Nelson 
 
 SOLICITORS. 
 
 W. J. Clark 
 
 Nels Anderson 
 Ole Groutte 
 Oscar BHxseth 
 
 Will Eoss 
 
 Junior Red Cross for Cottonwood County 
 
 By A. R. Iverson, Chairman. 
 
 President Woodrow Wilson, by his proclamation 
 of Sept. 15, Ifll", established The Junior Red Cross. 
 In response to the proclamation issued by Pres. 
 Wilson, the officers of the Windom Chapter of the 
 American Red Cross met at the County Superin- 
 tendent's office in the Court House for the pur- 
 pose of electing officers for the Junior Red Cross 
 branch for Cottonwood CQ\mty. The following offi- 
 cers were elected : 
 
 Alfred R. Iverson, Chairman. 
 
 Anna B. Engeswick, Secretary. 
 
 Max Langley, Treasurer. 
 
 These officers thru an effective campaign, intro- 
 duced the Junior Red Cross work into every school 
 in the county. The membership drive was a success, 
 most of the'schools having an enrollment of 100 per 
 cent. The total membership was 1,170 pupils in 
 72 schools of the county. The membership drive 
 being completed, a call came for garments. Nearly 
 all schools responded to this call, thousands of little 
 hands busily engaged in making useful garments 
 for the soldiers. Much credit is due the officers of 
 the Junior Red Cross who w-orked hard to make 
 
 this branch of War Service a success. Especially 
 is credit due Miss Engeswick who took entire 
 charge of this work after Supt. A. R. Iverson left 
 for actual war service wdth the American Y. M. C. A. 
 in Italy. 
 
 The following is a complete report of the work 
 of the Junior Red Cross for Cottonwood County: 
 
 Total number of Junior members in chapter, 1,170. 
 
 Total number of school auxiliaries in chapter, 72. 
 
 Total amount of money received in School Fund, 
 $1,1.55,98. 
 
 Number of articles produced : 
 
 Hospital Supplies — 
 97 Hand Towels 
 23 Bath Towels 
 19 Wash Cloths 
 26 Dish Cloths 
 21 Fracture Pillows 
 70 Handkerchiefs 
 11 Tray Cloths 
 48 Bedside Bags 
 14 Gun Wipes 
 
 Refugee Garments — 
 ;-;6 Chemises 
 33 Petticoats 
 8 pr. Wristlets 
 2 Afghans 
 Knitted Garments — 
 28 Sweaters 
 1 Scarf 
 100 Hospital Story Books 
 Total, 429 articles. 
 
 The Cottonwood County Press 
 
 The history of Cottonwood County's part in the 
 great World's War, would not be complete without 
 mention of the press of Cottonwood County and the 
 part that they took in the war. The public press 
 of this country has always been a potent factor in 
 shaping, directing and moulding public opinion. It 
 has ever led the mind of the great body of Amer- 
 ican people to espouse the cause of good govern- 
 ment, right principles and justice not only for 
 themselves but for the whole world. 
 
 Our government and all of us owe to the press 
 of the county a great and lasting debt of gratitude, 
 for the efficient way that they supported the gov- 
 ernment in setting forth its aims and purposes, it 
 published letters from the boys in the service, it has 
 sought information for the boys away, and published 
 column after column of advertising in every drive 
 
 of the Red Cross, Liberty Bonds, War Saving 
 Stamps, etc., it has published all requests of the 
 government, a vast amount of information for the 
 public sent out by the government, and most of 
 this without compensation. The county press con- 
 stantly fostered, encouraged, and preached strong 
 devotion to country. At personal sacrifice it struck 
 hard blows at disloyalty. The debt of gratitude 
 which the people of Cottonwood County owe to its 
 press, especially the Cottonwood County Citizen. 
 The Windom Reporter, Westbrook Sentinel, Jeffers 
 Review, and the Mt. Lake View will not be for- 
 gotten and in the years to come its wholesome 
 preachings during the war will have the most 
 beneficial effect on those who are soon to follow 
 and soon to take the helm to guide the ship of 
 state through the coming years. 
 
^.t»' 1^: in ji: a: 
 
 CO. C, 5th BATTALION, MINNESOTA HOME CUAI^DS 
 
 Ralph Skelhe, 1, Hibbard Levering, 2, Richard Collins, 3; Benj. A. Cone, 4; Sclmer I Tillish ", ■ Dr 
 
 L L. Sogge, 6; H. Hale \eapple, 7; Geo. Taden. 8; Albert Hanson,' 9; Haro d plnc" on 1() Dr C A 
 
 Sfl"' A^E'sh.i^r^7^V'\Jr^'°[''°"' ''■''-■ ?^''f ^'='"'"' ''■■ «-■ S^I-''-n l"; Roman G.Bc^ 
 setn, Ifa, A. E. bhaffer, 1,; Enck J. Enckson, 18; Arthur W Kerns IQ 
 
 Av u If '^°' °" the picture are as follows: Thomas C. Anderson,' John A Adamson Stanley Rr-idv 
 
 Walter P. Cowan, Ellsworth Dunkleberger, Oscar Ericks-- t^--: ' V.-'., r^' '^'^1™^°.".. Stanley Brady, 
 
 vson, Daniel Featherstone, Jeremiah J. Harrington, 
 i"" --:■"*" /^--■■■'-"':' ^'^"""^ J 'Miii^uir, .Mbm Jacobson, George Jeffer 
 
 iben Miller, Oscar A. Olson, Chester R. Pe' -^ - 
 
 Walter Schmotzer, Eward Sime, Theodore P. Thompson, Pet 
 
 3" Lr'a.i;,^r srs.'sr£r-^'^i:;K;°^Ssf fe^ssdsllS: 
 
 eter Void, Ernest Wellhausen, Tony Webber.' 
 
 Minnesota Home Guards 
 
 In the spring of 1917 when war was declared 
 with Germany, the State National Guards were 
 either called into Federal Service or disbanded so 
 they might enlist or be subject to the call of the 
 draft boards. This left the state without any state 
 military organization whatever. This deficiency was 
 taken care of by the State Public Safety Commis- 
 sion when they issued an order April 20, 1917, for 
 the organization of the Home Guards throughout 
 the state. B. A. Cone immediately took steps to 
 organize a company of Home Guards at Windom, 
 Minn. A paper was circulated and about si.xty 
 signed indicating their desire of joining the Home 
 Guards. A meeting was held in the Farmers' room 
 of the Court House for the purpose of completing 
 the organization and electing officers, who were 
 mustered in on September 10, 1918, by E. V. Nj'cjuist, 
 1st Lieut., .5th Inf. M. N. G. at Windom, Minn.' 
 
 The Windom company was mustered in as Co. C, 
 lith Battalion, Minnesota Home Guards. The fol- 
 lowing were the officers : 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Captain, Benj. A. Cone. 
 1st Lieut.. Richard Collins. 
 2nd Lieut., Harry D. Orr. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 1st Sgt.. Ralph Skellie. 
 2nd Sgt., Owen L. Action. 
 3rd Sgt., J. Gleed Redding. 
 Corporal, Harold Peterson. 
 Corporal, Hibbard Levering. 
 Corporal, .\lbert Hanson. " 
 Corporal, Lewis R. Jenks. 
 Cook, Philip Brady. 
 
 The Legal Advisory Board 
 
 One of the important war organizations was the 
 Legal Advisory Board, and was created by the 
 Federal Government shortly after Congress enacted 
 the draft law, and they were in fact a part of the 
 draft machinery. The Cottonwood County Legal 
 .\dvisory Board was organized in the summer of 
 1917. The State Adjutant General appointed the 
 following as Cottonwood County Advisory Board : 
 
 Attorney Wilson Borst, Chairman. 
 
 Attorney Paul S. Redding. 
 
 A. W. Annes, Judge of Probate. 
 
 N. L. Glover, Attorney. 
 
 Attorney, John Sammons. 
 ^ County Attorney O. J. Finstad was appointed 
 Government Appeal Agent. 
 
 The principal duties of the members of the 
 board was to assist the boys who were drafted in 
 filling their questionairres, and in advising them in 
 reference to their business affairs in connection with 
 their entry into the service. Any draftee was at 
 liberty to consult with any member of the Ad- 
 visory Board at any time. The members of the 
 
 Advisory Board gave their time absolutely free of 
 charge to the prospective soldiers. Boys who were 
 about- to leave for camps and who might never re- 
 turn were given every possible assistance in putting 
 their business affairs in shape, in order that they 
 might leave feeling that their interests would be in 
 good shape. 
 
 The members of the .\dvisory Board were all 
 leading attorneys and sent word over the County 
 that they would furnish free legal advice on all 
 matters pertaining to their going into the service. 
 They also advised the boys regarding government 
 insurance, allotments for dependents, etc. On one 
 point the members of the board were very emphatic, 
 and that was that they would not in any' way assist 
 any man to evade his responsibility to the Govern- 
 ment, or to shirk his duty, altho they were often 
 importuned to do so. 
 
 The Legal Advisory Board received its discharge 
 from the Government and each member was given 
 a "service button" which he is entitled to wear as a 
 badge of honor. 
 
Stories From the Battle Front 
 
 Short chapters from the experiences of some of the boys from Cottonwood County, who saw 
 
 service in France and Flanders — some of the boys who helped to break 
 
 the Hindenburg Line and crush the Huns. 
 
 THE LOST BATTALION. 
 
 Martin O. Lokken tells of some of tlie experi- 
 ences of the Yanks "Over There." 
 
 Enlisted in Co. F. 2nd Minn. Inf. at Worthington 
 on July 1.5, 1!I17. We were stationed in Worthing- 
 ton some two months when we were sent to Camp 
 Codv, N. Mex., and put in the :Wth Div. The 
 2nd Minn, then being the 136th Inf. and the 1st 
 Minn, being the 14.5th Inf. In Camp Cody we were 
 put through some very extensive training. What 
 they called a Sixteen Weeks Course. I would say 
 that it was very extensive as I think that any one 
 that was there from the first will say. Still I do 
 not think that any one will say that it done him 
 any thing but good. There were any number of 
 things a fellow would not like but there is that 
 any where. The goal we were all looking for was 
 that when we completed the sixteen weeks we were 
 to go to France. We soon learned not to put any 
 stock in what they told us in the x\rmy as soon as 
 we had our first term complete we were given an- 
 other. The reason for this was that we were con- 
 tinually getting new recruits that had to be trained 
 as well as we had been, I do not think that very 
 many army camps put them through the way that 
 they were' put through in Camp Cody. Of course 
 this is the boast of every Camp so I can not say 
 as to the truth of the statement. But the time 
 seemed to be of little need as they made soldiers of 
 fresh men in so short a time that one would hardly 
 believe it. It took our Officials only ten months to 
 decide our fate. At last we were to be sent over- 
 seas. But it was in a way that none of us had ex- 
 pected. In the Army they have that reputation. 
 What one least expects is always the thing that hap- 
 pened. They were to bust our Division up and send 
 only the men to France and keep the non-com- 
 missioned as well as the commissioned officers to 
 train the new men. I do not think that any one 
 liked the idea at all. But those were the orders and 
 we had to do as they said. But we were going to 
 show them that we had not been in the old 34th at 
 Camp Cody for teii months all for nothing. I think 
 that we did. At least from all reports that came 
 we did well. 
 
 The trip to N. Y. was one that we all liked as 
 the country was all new to us. It took us six days 
 to get to Camp Merritt, N. J., where we staid for 
 four short days. They were days of one inspection 
 after the other. And the letters that were written! 
 Everyone had to write the last time in the old 
 U. S. A. I think that the mail service got a good 
 try-out at that time. The day at last arrived for 
 us to leave and we were naturally more or less anx- 
 ious, too. The 27th day of June we were put on 
 board ship. Our trip over the ocean was very much 
 like the rest that took the same trip. It took the 
 ships just eighteen days to cross the Atlantic. We 
 were in Halifax for four days waiting for some of 
 our convoy. The trip was not the kind the newly- 
 weds take.' We were on an English cattle boat that 
 had been overhauled for the purpose but I am quite 
 sure that they had done the job in an awful hurry 
 I am sure. 
 
 On the 15th day of July we arrived in Liverpool, 
 
 Eng., and you can be sure that there was a very 
 happy bunch of fellows there that day. To get on 
 dry land once more was almost too good to be true. 
 We soon found out that they knew how to handle 
 rush orders in England as well as in the XJ. S. Not 
 more than three hours had passed when we found 
 ourselves on the way to Southampton, Eng., where 
 we stopped long enovigh to get our breath and eat 
 dinner. The trip to Le Harve was one that one 
 can not very well explain as it was all done in such 
 a hurry that we do not remember it all. I know 
 that I had to make myself as comfortable as possi- 
 ble on a steam engine that were not using tnen. 
 When I woke up or rather was shaken into con- 
 sciousness again, I was so stiff that I could hardly 
 make my feet obey. We were all beginning to think 
 
 that war was . How little we knew of what 
 
 there was to come later. 
 
 At Le Harve we were put in an English camp to 
 await further orders. We had been here three days 
 when we were sent to a classification camp farther 
 inland. ' As yet we were all new to the ways of 
 things in France. All of us being obliged to ask if 
 there was any thing that we wished to know. One 
 soon learns to do that in the Army, anyway. As is 
 only to be expected we were all looking for some 
 one' that we might know. Well I soon gave that up 
 as I never did meet any one that was from home or 
 some other place that I might happen to be ac- 
 quainted in. I consider any one quite lucky if he 
 does meet anyone that is from his home town. 
 
 To stay in one place in France is very seldom to 
 be expected as one is always being moved about. 
 We were soon all separated and sent to different 
 Divisions in France. One hundred and eighty-two 
 of us being counted out and sent to the 77th Div. 
 then in the lines at Bacarat, Lorraine Sector near 
 Strasburgh. This was where we were to learn the 
 first things about fighting. I think that the first 
 thing we "were to do was to get as many cooties as 
 possible. This is a necessity I think as one would 
 not be considered very much of a veteran were he 
 not able to boast of more cooties than the next fel- 
 low. I did not come last on the list you can be sure. 
 I had as many as the next fellow. We were soon 
 more lice than men. None of use saw any real 
 fighting here as this was what they called a quiet sec- 
 tor. But it was full of scares for anyone that was 
 not on to all the tricks. We did not escape any I 
 think. One of the best little alarms that happened 
 was one evening that we were on guard. I thmk 
 that it was the first time for us new men and as was 
 only natural, we were a little nervous so to speak. 
 The nights in the trenches are more still than one 
 finds them any where else. The first part of the 
 night went along well unti\ about midnight, when 
 we were all on the alert more than ever. Some one 
 heard a noise. Soon we all heard it. That it was 
 some one coming towards us was certain. We all 
 heard it. The longer that we listened the more sure 
 we were that it was some Germans on a patrol. That 
 in itself is only to be expected. But what were they 
 after? However the noise kept commg nearer and 
 nearer. Soon it was right in front of us ! All of 
 us got what we thought necessary, ready for them 
 and waited. I think that soon all of us would have 
 thrown our bombs had not one of the fellows 
 
stepped on a twig that happened under his foot. 
 When everyone is still and a thing is as intense as it 
 was there, a noise like that can he heard for a mile 
 you would think. Well the noise brought a clima.x 
 that none of us had ever expected. A large black 
 cat sprang up the tree that was right in front of us. 
 -1 do not know who was the most frightened, the 
 cat or us. None of us could hardlv speak for a 
 while. Soon we all laughed over it and thouoht 
 that It was a good joke. It was. Things like that 
 happened all the time. Every morning the boys 
 would come in telling tales that were more or less 
 true. Some fellows make their stories such that 
 they are hard to believe, but a fellow soon learns 
 how to take them all. Some things happen that one 
 can not believe even if he is there himself. 
 
 About the time that we were all getting to like 
 the place that we were at, as well as we could, we 
 were given orders to move. But that in itself is 
 only too good to be true. Anv thing that was differ- 
 ent would suit us we thou.ght. Well it did for a 
 time. One is never satisfied at one place for any 
 length of time. .\s for myself I always did like 
 to move about in spite of the poor means of travel 
 that were given us. The rumors that floated around 
 now were not few. I think that we were to go to 
 any place in the world except the U. S. .A,. The 
 strongest of all was that we were to go to Italy. 
 Everyone liked the idea to some extent. You see 
 that would add another country to our travels, and 
 the trip there would be a nice one, we thought. ' Still 
 I do not believe that any one took verv much stock 
 in any of the rumors as we had learned that long 
 ago. When we boarded the train we did not knovv 
 what the destination would be. Not until we got off 
 at La Ferte Gocher when we asked the people what 
 the nearest large town was. It was Chateau-Thierrv. 
 Well that did not sound so very good. To the lines 
 again and so soon? We had hardly expected that. 
 No loafing now. We had to be ready to move at 
 a minute's notice, and that way w^e did not get to 
 think so much of what might happen at our final des- 
 tination. I think that we had lieen in La Ferte 
 Gocher two days when the trucks came that were 
 to take us to the lines. The trip that we got was the 
 dustiest that I had ever had. Even the men that 
 had ridden next to }ou was not not to be recog- 
 nized. We soon got rid of the dust though. It 
 did not take long after our arrival to find out that 
 we were near the lines. The big one were heard 
 very plainly from where we were. Our mood was 
 not the best, then. It was not long until we were 
 in reserve and suffering from the GI cans that Jerry 
 gave us so many of all the time. I had thought 
 that war was liad when I first came into the lines 
 at Lorraine. But the longer we were in it the worse 
 it got. Our hitch in the reserve lines that time was 
 eight days when we were sent to the firing line. 
 Every thing was only some 200% worse in this sec- 
 tor than they had been in the one previous. The 
 first thing that was to happen to our Company was 
 a raid one morning about four o'clock. The result 
 of which was worse than we had imagined ourselves. 
 I think that there were four or five that came out 
 with their skins whole as we used to put it. Fifty 
 were in it at first. I do not know the exact num- 
 ber killed and wounded that morning. Every one 
 has no doubt read of the battles that took place 
 around Fimes and the Vesle River so I will not tell 
 them over again. You can be sure that it was real 
 fighting as we had the Prussian Guards against us 
 here. And I will say that had the German Empire 
 had all soldiers like them we would have had a 
 much longer war. We were forced to- serve two 
 hitches in the front here before we were relieved 
 by the Italians. When they came we were only too 
 glad to give them a chance at them. The promised 
 fifteen-day rest looked so good to all of us. We 
 
 oi rne lines but I never saw any so-called rest 
 
 I he division was sent to the Argonne as soon as 
 rtey could get us there. It did not take long before 
 we were w-aiting for the opening dav. I thtnk hat 
 we waited or some three or four da.vs and that ga^ 
 us a little rest. Every man knows what the 
 
 rdr°of°'the" ^"""""Tr ""^ °^ '^^ had not read 
 much of the war. That morning was one that 
 do not believe any one in the a'! E. F. will ever 
 forget. Could a man in the U. S. have seen and 
 heard the artillery barrage that morning I thnk that 
 he would have had another idea of war It was 
 
 "e'scnbed" tIT'" ''J '''"'■ '' ^^^^ '' -""o "be 
 desciibed. That is to do it ustice. The Ar-onne 
 
 was something like one used to read of in t fe n- 
 
 dian Wars But I sometimes wished that it had 
 
 been only like it. A large open wood all the time 
 
 1 he thing seemed to me to be getting worse every 
 
 d d and then have humans m it. Our Battalion spent 
 ^~' days m there and I know that there never were 
 worse ones for any of us. Nor do I ever hope to 
 have such things necessary again. The thing just 
 got vvorse and worse every day until we all thought 
 that the thing would have to come to an end soon 
 as there was no chance for us to stand it much more 
 it all came to a climax when we got into a very care- 
 frilly planned pocket that the Germans had for us 
 10 say that we got into it would be saving it real 
 nice. We got into the pocket and none of us knew 
 a thing of It until the next day when the Germans 
 were all around us. Well then it was too late to 
 avoid it, so we had to make the best of it and "et 
 out of there as soon as we could. That sounds^as 
 tliough It should not be so hard. Perhaps it wasn't 
 but we failed to see it that wav. Wherever we 
 tried to find some way to get communication to the 
 rear we found the Germans there to stop us, which 
 they seemed to do well. Soon there were so many 
 wounded that for us to get out was out of the ques- 
 tion. So we just had to stay there and take all 
 the Germans gave us. They did well. I think that 
 there were some live hundred fiftv that went in there 
 with us and there were one hundred fifty that got 
 out with their skins whole as it is some'times p°ut. 
 The day that the Americans got through to us f 
 think that they looked better to us than Americans 
 ever did to any one. To get our wounded treated 
 and something to eat was the thing that all of us 
 looked for. And we got all we wanted to eat too. 
 The kitchens were at our disposal for two days.' 
 There were a lot of the men that over done the thing. 
 I numbering among them. We ate more than was 
 good for us. And as a result we had to go to 
 the hospital. I contracted the flu about the same 
 time and was forced to spend some six weeks at 
 the hospital. 
 
 When I was well enough to get back to my outfit 
 they were in the Chaumont Area waiting for orders 
 to go home which took them some five months to 
 decide. During that time we had it comparatively 
 easy as there was nothing more to do. We spent 
 the time drilling and there was not much of that. 
 To drill now was not to be expected to any g'reat 
 extent and they did not ask us to do very much of it. 
 
 The 77th Div. sailed from F'rance the 20th ot 
 April, :!)13, and landed in N. Y. the 28th of April. 
 Tlie trip over the sea this time was a real good one 
 as there was plenty of room and good food all the 
 time. So the trip over to France was quite differ- 
 ent to the one going back. The large German liner 
 "America" took us back. In N. Y. we were all 
 given a reception that none had ever expected. It 
 certainly was a good one. 
 
 I was discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Mav 10 
 liilli. OUT AGAIN! 
 
FOUGHT IN THE ST. MIHIEL AND 
 MEUSE ARGONNE. 
 
 Clarence E. Severson writes of his experiences 
 in France with the A. E. F. 
 
 I entered the service April 29, 1018, being sent to 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Remained there about three 
 weeks and was then tranferred to Camp Travis, 
 Texas, one mile from the city of San Antonio. I 
 -was assigned to Company K, aHOth Infantry, 00th 
 Division, composed of Texas and Oklahoma men, 
 with few exceptions. On June 6th we left for New 
 York, arriving there the night of the 11th. A few 
 ■cases of measles had broken out during our trip, 
 necessitating the quarantine of 00 men of om" Com- 
 pany in the Detention Camp at Camp Mills, Long 
 Island, w-here we remained until July 6th, when we 
 embarked on the U. S. S. Louisville for parts un- 
 known. 
 
 We arrived at Liverpool, Englatid, July 17th, lieing 
 sent directly to Southampton and embarked the 
 night of the 19th for France, across the English 
 channel. We landed at Cherbourg and my first 
 impression of France was far from a pleasant one. 
 On July 30th we joined ovir Company, which was 
 billeted in a small inland village called Chameroy, in 
 the Haute-Marne Department. France is far behind 
 our country in the development of the use in mod- 
 ern machinery and customs, and everything seemed 
 strange to the Americans. In that small village we 
 received our first drill in battle tactics and on August 
 19th we left for the front, taking up the reserve 
 position opposite Pont-a-Mousson, on the Villers-en- 
 'Haye Sector. One week later we moved up to the 
 support line trenches, but as yet saw nothing of 
 "Fritz," with the exception of an occasional air raid 
 and sometimes a few shells would come our way, 
 but few casualties were suffered. 
 
 On Septeniljer Sth, during the night, we moved 
 forward occupying the first line trenches, and it 
 was here we received our initial test under shell 
 fire. "Fritz" evidently knew we were coming and 
 that we were green at the business, for he played a 
 continual fire on our trench, at least so it seemed 
 to us, and we wondered at the time if all the artil- 
 lery in the German army w-ere trained on us. There 
 were good Dutch dugouts, with all modern con- 
 veniences, which we took advantage of. Gas guard 
 and night patrols constituted om- daily routine. 
 
 Three days later we changed our position, occu- 
 pying a part of the St. Mihiel Sector, where a big 
 drive was reported to take place any time. Little did 
 we dream at the time that we would participate in it. 
 We were comfortably housed in one of those im- 
 mense Dutch dugouts, and on the road to a good 
 night's sleep when the barrage opened, that was to 
 clear a path for us through No Man's Land. Well, 
 it sounded as if all the artillery in the world were 
 taking part and it continued all the next day with 
 very slight let-up. At five o'clock in the morning 
 of the 12th orders came to advance, and it was 
 w-ith no slight thrill that we all clambered out of the 
 trench "over the top." Our resistance was not 
 heavy, consisting mainly of machine guns that had 
 escaped the barrage, which was our duty to wipe 
 out. The whole Bois-le-Pretre was cleared by our 
 Regiment that day, with slight loss — the exploitation 
 being carried to the Moselle River. Our advance 
 covered about two miles that day and we rested for 
 the night in a trench, which a few^ hours before had 
 been held by the enemy. We pushed on for a gain of 
 two kilometers the next day, coming to another line 
 of trenches, which we held until the 16th of Septem- 
 ber, with no counter attacks. Trench life was not 
 overly pleasant here, rain every day, trenches full of 
 rats and vermin, and it was with difficulty that we 
 could get much shelter, only what we could dig in 
 
 the side of the trench. We made patrols at regular 
 mtervals, durmg the days and nights following, occa- 
 sionally coming upon a patrol or outpost of the en- 
 emy, but the cries of "Kanierad" did not seem to 
 bring much mercy from the Americans. During our 
 advance on this sector our division captured nu- 
 merous prisoners, machine guns, and cannon. Our 
 casualty list was not large in proportion to the en- 
 emy, totaling only several hundred, including killed, 
 wounded and missing. 
 
 On the ITth of September we advanced our line 
 close up to Preny and Pagny-sur-Moselle, on the 
 Puvenelle Sector. On September 28th we took part 
 in the general demonstration made along the whole 
 battle front from the Moselle River to the Enolish 
 channel. We took part, indirectlv, in several minor 
 engagements during our stav here. We made our- 
 selves quite comfortable in the trenches, as at night 
 we would go into the towns in No Man's Land and 
 bring back plenty of warm blankets and beddino- 
 which the enemy had left behind in their wild fliohT 
 I^ntz, however, was not content to let us rest un- 
 mo ested, as at regular intervals, during the day and 
 night, he would send over a volley of high explo- 
 sive or a gas barrage, which alwavs claimed a few 
 victims. 
 
 On Octoljer 10th we left our position, turnino- it 
 oyer to another division, and hiked back for some 
 distance where we were met bv trucks, which con- 
 veyed us for a distance of 80 miles to the Meuse- 
 Argonne Front, where we took up the support posi- 
 tion. No trenches here, only immense forests with 
 an occasional open stretch of two or three miles 
 We occupied the first line position on the 28th of 
 October and made our first advance on the morn- 
 ing of November 1st. This exploitation carried us 
 from Dun-sur-Meuse to near the Tuileries farm on 
 a front of seven kilometers. This Freva Stelluno 
 was the last organized German defense line and 
 where it reached the Meuse River was the pivot or 
 hinge on whicli swung the whole defensive system 
 through Northern France and Belgium. The barrage 
 that was laid down for us was made up of artillery 
 and machine guns, a combination rolling barrage and 
 it seemed that every possible inch of No Man's 
 Land was covered by it, but there still remained 
 plenty of machine gun nests and men, who had es- 
 caped the severe barrage by digging in the side of 
 the hill facing us, yet to be wiped out. 
 
 Our Company made numerous captures this first 
 day, totaling almost 400 prisoners, several pieces of 
 artillery and many machine guns. One whole Ger- 
 man company (approximately 2.50 men) surrendered 
 to us without firing a shot. Thev came towards us 
 marching four abreast, the leader hoisting a stick, 
 to which he had tied a white shirt. Many of the 
 prisoners were mere hoys, not more than 1.5 or 16 
 years old, some of whom were wounded and crying 
 for their father or mother. Our strength was not 
 great, so we could not spare the necessary guards 
 to accompany the prisoners back to the rear, but 
 they were only too willing to go unescorted and with- 
 out any trouble. The bloodshed was terrible during 
 our advance on the 1st day of November, our com- 
 pany losing over 70 men, more than 50% of our total 
 strength, but we pushed on until about four o'clock 
 in the afternoon, when we were leap-frogged bv 
 another Regiment of our Infantry. That day we 
 cleaned out thoroughly the Bois de Bantheville. and 
 captured Le Grande Carre Farm, Andevanne and 
 Villers-devant-Dun. 
 
 The rest we received was surely welcomed, and 
 we dug in for the night in the side of a hill, but with 
 only a few hours' sleep (if you can call it sleep, 
 with dozens of shells whizzing over your head every 
 hour, some of them coming uncomfortably close) 
 we again took our turn at driving the Dutch still 
 
further back towards their beloved Hunland. They 
 were retreating so fast until we really needed trucks 
 to keep up with them. We continued our advance 
 through November 10th with very little resistance, al- 
 though we suffered casualties every day, but for 
 every one of our men lost, the enemy lost two or 
 three. The last shot fired by us was at Stenay and 
 Baalon the night of November 10th. Pressing the 
 enemy's retreat that day, our division cleared a sec- 
 tion of the left liank of the Meuse River south of 
 Sedan. 
 
 Our total advance against the enemy on all fronts 
 was 2S% kilometers (approximately IS miles) dur- 
 ing which we captured 1,844 prisoners. From Octo- 
 ber 24th to November 11th the Division captured 
 f)T.5 men and ofificers and .■!2 pieces of artillery, suf- 
 fering casualties of 9,700 men, including killed, 
 wounded and missing. 
 
 On the morning of November 11th at .J o'clock 
 we were lined up in combat groups ready to push 
 forward again, when the orders came to lay low 
 until 11 o'clock. This was the first inkling that 
 us men had that peace was anywhere near, although 
 we had heard that the Kaiser had recently abdicated. 
 There was no shouting over the news, just a satis- 
 fied grunt and we rolled over on the wet ground and 
 fell asleep. During the forenoon the Dutch had a 
 great celebration, shooting up flares and rockets and 
 enjoying themselves in general. They were just 
 across the hill from us and kept calling for us to 
 came over, but there were no handshakes coming 
 from the Americans. At noon we moved back to 
 the village of Wiseppe, where we spent a few days 
 preparatory to our moving forward as part of the Oc- 
 cupation Army. 
 
 We spent a solemn Thanksgiving at Marville, 
 France, a short distance from the Belgium border, 
 and feasted on "corn willy" and hardtack. After 23 
 days of hiking we reached our destination at Zelt- 
 ingen. Germany, on the banks of the Moselle River, 85 
 kilometers south of Coblentz. The Dutch were rath- 
 er cool towards us until they found out we would do 
 them no harm, but fraternizing was not encouraged 
 on our part to any great extent. One thing that 
 impressed me was the beauty of Germany, everything 
 going on in its usual peaceful wa^^ wdien France 
 was torn to the very roots of her soul with their 
 devilish destruction. 
 
 Our time as part of the Occupation Army was 
 pleasantly spent. We had entertainments every 
 week towards the last of our stay, and occasionally 
 we would put on a stag dance. The men were prac- 
 tically all granted leaves to the various leave areas, 
 which helped pass away the time. I enjoyed passes 
 to Coblentz, Paris. Monte Carlo and Italy. The opin- 
 ion had formed in my mind that all of France was 
 a sea of mud and destruction until I saw the southern 
 part, which has a very tropical climate. The most 
 elegant structure I saw was the gambling Casino 
 at Monte Carlo, the largest of its kind in the world. 
 
 May 18th we boarded our train of .\merican box 
 cars for St. Nazaire. These cars looked like state- 
 rooms to us after having traveled the "8 cheveaux 
 and 40 hommes" route for so long. We arrived at our 
 port and sailed May 28th on the Mongolia, being 10% 
 days on the water. We docked at Boston and to say 
 we were glad to get back to the U. S. A. did not 
 begin to express our feelings. 
 
 CLARENCE E. SEVERSON. 
 
 THE SURRENDER OF THE GERMAN HIGH 
 SEAS FLEET. 
 
 Ralph Roemer tells of the surrender of the Ger- 
 man Fleet, and his experiences wdiile in the North 
 Sea : 
 
 I enlisted in the navy on May T, 1917, at Minne- 
 
 apolis. Minn. From there I was sent to Great Lakes 
 Naval Training Station where I remained until Aug. 
 17, 1917. During this period, our time was spent 
 mostly in drilling and building up the training sta- 
 tion. On Aug. 17, I was transferred to the League 
 Island Navy Yard at Philadelphia, on the Delaware 
 River, where we were given final instructions before 
 going aboard ship. On Sept. 8, we were transferred 
 to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where we boarded 
 yachts and were taken to Long Island Sound, wdiere 
 the Atlantic Fleet was anchored. I was assigned to 
 the Superdreadnaught New York. On the tenth of 
 September we were scheduled for an eight days' 
 cruise. This trip was a pleasant one for those who 
 were used to the sea, but for a raw recruit, like my- 
 self, it was really a tough breaking in. However, 
 I finally became accustomed to the rolling deep. 
 
 My ship remained in the vicinity of New York 
 until November 2.5, during which time the ship was 
 repaired, camouflaged, and rigged for foreign serv- 
 ice. On Nov. 25, 1917, we drew anchor at Lind- 
 haven Bay and set sail for a foreign port. On the 
 third day out we ran into a terrific storm. We were 
 running against the waves with an engine speed of 
 from twelve to fifteen knots per hour, making no 
 visible progress. Occasionally we made some prog- 
 ress only to be driven back again. On the second 
 day of this storm the wireless apparatus was blown 
 from the mast. Our means of communication was 
 thus destroyed. One of the ventilators in the for- 
 ward part of the ship was not thoroughly secured 
 and this resulted in several compartments being 
 flooded. As many men as could work with small 
 pumps as well as steam pumps, were unable to pump 
 out the water as fast as it came in. This was a 
 critical time but luckily, we came tlirough without 
 anything serious happening. 
 
 On Dec. 7, we joined the British Grand Fleet at 
 a base called Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. 
 Here we remained for a few days, when we sailed 
 for Newcastle, England. .\t this port we were 
 equipped with mine sweepers. From here we went 
 to the F'irth of Forth in Scotland wdiere we again 
 joined the British Fleet. From this time^ on we 
 w-ere at sea most of the time, only coming into 
 port for fuel and stores. Whenever we were in 
 port for any length of time we were continually un- 
 der four hours' notice and a greater part of the time 
 under two and a half hours' notice, to be ready for 
 action. This wasn't very pleasant, as it interfered 
 with our shore leave. This routine was carried on 
 continually until the armistice was signed. 
 
 During our scout duty in the North Sea we ex- 
 perienced twenty-one submarine attacks. On one 
 occasion we were entering the Scapa Flow through 
 the gap in the nets, ignorant of the fact that a 
 German submarine was trailing us. It is a general 
 rule for a ship to slow up when entering a port and 
 as we slowed up the submarine gained speed on us 
 and as a result it rammed into our propellers, knock- 
 ing one of them off and completely demolishing the 
 other. There was fierce churning of the waters and 
 apparently several hundred gallons of oil came to 
 the surface, so we were satisfied that we had done 
 for that submarine. 
 
 The following night we started for the nearest 
 navy yard at the fastest speed we could make but 
 this" proved to be very slow. On this night there 
 were two torpedoes fired at us, one of them passmg 
 behind us, and the other just missed the bow by 
 about three feet. These torpedoes were plainly dis- 
 tinguished by the wake in the watr and it was just 
 a mere chance that we escaped being hit. 
 
 On several different occasions the German Fleet 
 ventured out of the Kiel Canal, but never very far, 
 as they were apparently well informed as to the 
 wherea'bouts of the British Fleet. This was no. 
 doubt due to the work of spies. 
 
The American division of the British Fleet, did 
 the convoying of the American mine laying squad- 
 ron which was operating in the vicinity' of Si^ager- 
 rack. Norway, as well as the Kiel Harbor. The mu- 
 tiny that occurred throughout the German Fleet at 
 Kiel prevented one of the greatest sea battles ever 
 fought. There was an estimate made of the number 
 of sliips that would have been engaged providing 
 both sides would have taken part m full strength"^ 
 This number was between twentv-five Inmdred and 
 three thousand, 
 
 Inunediately after the Armistice was signed, steps 
 were taken toward the surrender of the German 
 Fleet. The day for the surrender was set for the 
 twenty-first of November. On this day we pro- 
 ceeded to the place that had been appointed for the 
 meeting. The British Grand Fleet proceeded in sin- 
 gle file with guns loaded and everything rigged for 
 unmediate action in case a hostile" move should be 
 made by the German Fleet. Upon meeting this fleet 
 the Allied Fleet parted in the center of tlie file, mak- 
 mg two lines of ships, these lines being about a mile 
 apart. The German Fleet proceeded between our 
 hues and each allied vessel made an "about face," 
 and both fleets proceeded into port without anv diffi- 
 culties. Several German transports accompanied 
 the battleships for the purpose of taking back the 
 German ships' crews. This practicallv "ended our 
 hardships that were so numerous before the sign- 
 ing of the Armistice. The American Squadron then 
 left the British Fleet and sailed for Portsmouth, 
 England, for the purpose of joining several other 
 American ships. 
 
 During our stay in this port we were granted leave 
 of absence for a period of three davs. This was ap- 
 preciated very much after being restricted for so 
 many months. 
 
 We sailed out from Portsmouth to meet the Amer- 
 ican ship, George Washington, which was carrving 
 President Wilson to France. We convoved them 
 into the port of Brest. France, while "we took 
 aboard the naval landsmen who had been operatino- 
 near Metz. We then sailed for the United States'' 
 arriving at New York City on Dec. 36, 1918. Here 
 we were each given a fi'fteen day furlough after 
 which we were informed that we would soon sail 
 for southern waters. On Feb. ], 1919, we left 
 Hampton Roads, Va.. and sailed for Guantanama 
 Bay. Cuba, and the island of Trinidad, British West 
 Indies. We spent about three months throughout 
 these islands after which we returned North to^New 
 \ ork City, remaining there a few davs and then go- 
 ing to Hampton Roads, Va.. where I was given my 
 discharge. 
 
 HERMAN R. QUADE. 
 Tells of his experiences in France with the A. E. 
 F., was slightly wounded Aug. 7, 1!I18, in the Vesle 
 Sector : 
 
 I entered into the service Sept. 21st. 1917, with 
 the first contingent from Cottonwood County. We 
 left for Windom for Camp Dodge on the afternoon of 
 '■•.'list Inf., remaining there about two months. Nov. 
 the 21st. Arriving in Camp Dodge, we went through 
 the receiving building and I was assigned to Co C 
 2(3lh, 1917, I was transferred to Co. C, 346th Inf.! 
 at Camp Pike. Ark. There we spent the winter and 
 spring. While there I hurt mv left elbow so I 
 spent two weeks in the hospital. On June 11th we 
 left Camp Pike for Camp Merritt, N. J., wdiere we 
 spent about five days before sailing overseas. 
 
 We were out four days with a convoy of 13 ships 
 when we turned and went to Halifa.x." Canada ar- 
 riving there the 26th. We were there ten days 
 and were off the ship only three afternoons c3n 
 July 4th we sailed with another convoy of 14 ships 
 tor Liverpool taking ns eleven days to cross. We 
 
 unloaded from the ship right onto the train leav- 
 ing for Southampton. The same evening we were 
 put on board a little ship and crossed the English 
 Channel, arriving at LeHavre, France, the following 
 morning. We stayed there two days when we were 
 sent to a classification camp, then to St. George 
 where we were given Springfield rifles for the In- 
 field rifles which we brought with us. We were 
 also given helmets, gas masks and other equipment to 
 go into action with. Then we took a train and went 
 to a place where there were a number of trucks 
 which we loaded and on the 37th of July were taken 
 to the front where the 4th Division was in reserve. 
 I was assigned to the Co. E, 47th Inf., with which 
 I stayed until it came back to the States in Au°-ust 
 1919. ' 
 
 I was ill the .\isne ;\lariie Offensive, Vesle Sec- 
 tor, Toulon Sector, St. Mihiel Offensive and the 
 Meuse Argonne. I got a piece of a bullet in my 
 left side about the hip but it did not hurt me much 
 so I did not go to the hospital. I was wounded Aug^ 
 7, in the Vesle Sector. We were near the front on 
 the 11th of November and a few days later started a 
 hike to Adneua, Germany, a distance "of 3.50 miles with 
 about 60 pounds on our backs. We hiked from six 
 to thirty miles a day. 
 
 When we got to Gerniaiiv the officers got me to 
 act as interpreter for them. We were at Adneua 
 till the 43nd Div. left in April and then we had to 
 advance to where they were so that put us on the 
 Rhine River. So we were the "Watch on the Rhine" 
 till the 9th of July when we entrained for Brest 
 France. We sailed with the U. S. S. Mobile, taking 
 us eleven days to cross, reaching Camp Mills, N. y", 
 July 27th. At Camp Mills we were vaccinated and 
 quarantined for smallpox. Leaving Camp Mills we 
 went to Camp Dodge where we received our dis- 
 charge Aug. 4, 1919. 
 
 HERM,\X R. QUADE. 
 
 Storden, Minn. 
 
 GEORGE H. RAND. 
 
 Saw service in the second battle of the Marne, 
 Toule Sector, Vesle River, and the Meuse-Argonne 
 offensives. 
 
 I enlisted in the army Feb. 12, 191S, and went to 
 Camp Greene, N. C. and there received military 
 training. On .\pr. 24th, we left for Camp Mills, 
 N. Y., remaining there two weeks before sailing 
 overseas. Leaving Hoboken we sailed to Halifax 
 waiting two days for the convoy to catch up. While 
 there we saw a shipload of powder blown up in the 
 harbor and destroyed the whole city of Halifax. 
 We arrived at Liverpool May 23rd about 2 :30 A. M. 
 One of our ships was struck by a shell from a sub- 
 marine and sunk two hours later, fifty-six soldiers 
 losing their lives. The rest of them were saved 
 by the destroyers in the convoy. The ship carried 
 12 6-inch guns. We were one dav out from Dover, 
 England, wdien the ship was buried. 
 
 We then turned and went up the Thames River to 
 London landing there at 9 o'clock in the evening. 
 We took the train from London to Dover remain- 
 ing there two nights in barracks and then crossed 
 over to Calais, France. We stayed there one week 
 living in little round tents, fifteen soldiers to a tent, 
 and sand knee deep. We did not dare to show up 
 much there on account of the enemy aeroplanes drop- 
 ping bombs. The town had been bombed pretty 
 hard before we landed there, so we were ordered to 
 stay under cover. We could hear the cannons roar- 
 ing a long ways off. 
 
 One week before we landed we ran out of Amer- 
 ican bread, so the English cooks baked bread for us 
 and It was half baked. In Dover they fed us on 
 black bread, tea and cheese two times' a day. In 
 
Calais it was also run by the English. We then 
 moved from there further into France. We trav- 
 elled all over France on boat and train across the 
 country in every direction, staying four or five clays 
 here and five or six days there, carrying everything 
 we had on our backs. We slept in old liarns and 
 in the timber. Two soldiers would take their shel- 
 ter halfs and put them together and pitch their tents, 
 crawl in and sleep uTitil morning. Then the bugle 
 would blow everybody out and roll packs, eat break- 
 fast, and hike all day. That is the army life for a 
 soldier. 
 
 On the 3rd of July half of the boys from each 
 company went to Paris and paraded there the next 
 day. After we came back we built a target range 
 and started to practice shooting. Before we fin- 
 ished our course in shooting we were called to the 
 front lines. On July 18, we hiked twenty miles and 
 the next morning went over the top about 4 A. M. 
 It rained all night long but we went just the same. 
 
 Four of the soldiers were picked for stretcher- 
 bearers, I lieing one picked for the job. The first 
 wounded soldier I carried was a Frenchman. From 
 then on I took care of American soldiers until Sep- 
 tember when I was put in the messenger center, 
 carrying messages and ammunition to the front. 
 
 The first battle I was in was called the second 
 battle of the Marne, then the Vesle River, the Ver- 
 dun, Toule sector, and the Meuse Argonne offen- 
 sive from Sept. 24 till Oct. 19, when we were re- 
 lieved for rest and training until November when 
 we started for Metz. But before reaching there the 
 armistice was signed. We stayed in French towns 
 and German dugouts till Nov. 20 when we started 
 the hike for Germany, following the enemy in, being 
 about five miles from them. We stopped in a small 
 town on the bank of the Moselle River, remaining 
 there four months when on the 10th of .April we 
 hiked to Badendorf. We were scattered all over in 
 little towns. Division A being in Coblenz. We took 
 a trip on the Rhine River and saw some wonderful 
 sights. There were three boatloads of 500 men 
 each. We had a good time and plenty of music, 
 having our own band and the Marine Band. 
 
 I did not like the way the English treated us, but 
 the French treated us better. The German men were 
 a littl shy of us but the women treated us fine. Or- 
 ders were issued to stop the soldiers associating and 
 corresponding with the German people. 
 
 July i:ith we started for Brest in American box 
 cars, arriving there the 24th, when we left for Amer- 
 ica, reaching Hoboken Aug. 1st. I went to Camp 
 Dodge where I received my discharge Aug. 8, 1919. 
 
 BERT L. ANDERSON. 
 
 Writes of his experience in the Army, and the 
 movements of his Division and experiences in France : 
 
 Leaving Windom on May 2, 1918, I with eleven 
 others from this count}', arrived at Columbus Bar- 
 racks, Columbus, Ohio, the following night about 
 10 :30. Our stop there was but four or five days. 
 On May Sth, we were ordered to Camp Wadsworth, 
 Spartanburg, S. C, arriving" there the early morning 
 of May 10th. Here, quartered in tents, the weather 
 extremely hot and dusty, we began to realize the 
 meaning" of war. 
 
 On May 11th a number of officers and non-com- 
 missioned officers under command of Major H. H. 
 Pritchet. organized the .53rd Infantry detention camp 
 where about 3,000 recruits were received and their 
 training begun. About the 23d of May, 2,700 of 
 these men were transferred to the regiment. On the 
 29th the entire regiment began marching to the 
 target range about 30 miles northwest of Spartan- 
 burg near Trion. After ten days of instruction in 
 musketry and range firing, the return march was be- 
 
 gun, the regiment arriving at Camp Wadsworth on 
 the afternoon of June 12th. While at the target 
 range Lieut. Col. W. H. Patterson joined the regi- 
 ment. 
 
 It was about this time that the regiment was in- 
 spected for overseas service. Shortly after, orders 
 were received by the Sixth Division Headquarters 
 to prepare for immediate overseas service. On the 
 afternoon- of June 26th, the regiment began entrain- 
 ing, the last units entraining by noon of the 27th. 
 By the next afternoon the entire regiment had as- 
 sembled at Camp Mills, Long Island, where it was 
 fully equipped and final inspection made. Move- 
 ment to the port of embarkation began July 4th. 
 Awaking on the morning of July 6th we found our 
 vessels slowly moving out to meet the convoy and 
 Ijy eleven o'clock we were on our way "over there" 
 accompanied by the LI. S. Cruiser, "Pueblo." 
 
 The voyage over was uneventful and the twelve 
 days en route were thoroughly enjoyed by all except 
 those who persisted in seasickness. Boat drill was 
 a daily occurrence and a heavy submarine guard 
 maintained at all times. It must be said that not 
 even a suspicion of a sub was discovered, much to 
 the disappointment of many. Just ofif the Irish coast 
 the convoy split, some going to Glasgow, others to 
 Liverpool. The "Kashmir" docked at Glasgow and 
 its personnel, except Co. H and the third Battalion, 
 entrained the same day for the American Rest Area 
 near Winchester, England. 
 
 Thus located, the regiment was engaged for the 
 next few daj'S checking up and preparing for its en- 
 try into France. Orders were received and on the 
 22nd the regiment entrained for Southampton. The 
 English Channel was crossed the night of the 32nd 
 and early in the morning of the 33rd we arrived at 
 Cherbourg, France. Here the regiment debarked 
 and marched to Rest Camp No. 1, four miles out 
 from Cherbourg. The regiment began entraining the 
 next day for the 9th Training Area which was 
 reached the 26th. A month of intensive training 
 was engaged in here, training in open warfare as 
 well as trench warfare. The long looked for and 
 anxiously awaited day at last arrived. On the morn- 
 ing of Aug. 27th our regiment began its journey to 
 parts unknown. A night on the road and the morn- 
 ing of the 2Hth found us in Saulxures, Department of 
 Vosges, near the Alsace border. On the afternoon 
 of the 28th, fractions of the regiment began to move 
 to the front. The first to go were Companies E and 
 F under command of Lieut. Col. Patterson, proceed- 
 ing by truck by way of Kruth to Mittlach where 
 they relieved a part of the 139th regiment of the 33th 
 Division. This relief was completed Aug. 30, occu- 
 pying the front line trenches of part of the sector. 
 The remainder of the regiment in the meantime 
 had moved from Saulxures on the morning of Aug. 
 30th to La Bresse arriving that afternoon. From 
 here various detachments moved forward to the 
 front lines and on the third of September had taken 
 over the Regimental sector, Girardmer Sector, Ben- 
 noit sub-sector held by the First Battalion, Robinson 
 sub-sector held by the Second Battalion. 
 
 On the early morning of Sept. 16th, the enemy at- 
 tempted his first raid. Accompanie dby a barrage, 
 a strong party directed their offensive against Co. K. 
 The raid was repulsed with a known loss to the 
 enemy of two officers and twenty-six men. Our 
 losses were one killed and seven wounded. Private 
 Leo Brooks, Co. K, was the first man of the regi- 
 ment killed in action. Our patrols penetrated the 
 enemy lines nightly, engaging enemy patrols on nu- 
 merous occasions. The first prisoners taken in the 
 division were captured by one of these patrols in 
 the early morning of Sept. 17th. Several strong 
 patrols were sent against our lines by the enemy re- 
 sulting in several captures by our outposts. By far 
 
the most attempt made by the enemy was a raid on 
 the morning of Oct. 4th. A very heavy and accu- 
 rate barrage dropped on our lines cutting out one 
 G. C. and two Qftty posts. Against this isolated 
 G. C. held by about thirty men. the enemy directed 
 a party of three hundred' commanded by a Major. 
 This partv was composed of picked troops, includ- 
 ing pioneers, flame throwers and light machine guns 
 who had trained for eight days for this attempt. 
 Although outnumbered and hopelessly cut off from 
 assistance, our men succeeded in not only repulsmg 
 the raid but in capturing prisoners and a consider- 
 able amount of material. Our losses were one offi- 
 cer and eight men killed, and eighteen wounded. 
 This was the last attempt of any nature by the ene- 
 my to enter our lines. On the nth of October a re- 
 connaissance of our line was made by the French 
 and on the 10th a relief by their troops began. This 
 was completed by the 12th, our regiment going back 
 to Saul-xures. Two weeks were spent here in prepa- 
 ration for our move to the Argonne. 
 
 To make a long story short, will say that Villers- 
 en-Argonne was reached on the 27th, where we de- 
 trained and marched to Camp Chillaz, a former 
 French camp. This march of 2.5 kilometers was the 
 beginning of perhaps the longest march made by any 
 division in the A. E. F'., a total of 479 kilometers or 
 better than 300 miles, resting only four days in that 
 time. .\t 10 A. M. the march was resumed and 
 Grand Pre was reached about noon. It was here 
 that the enemv held part of the town, and our troops 
 the other part, for days. The result was a thoro 
 destruction of the entire city. Our march con- 
 tinued northward. On the morning of the 11th the 
 regiment received word that the Armistice had been 
 signed, and effective at eleven o'clock. March was 
 continued and bivouac was made for the night at 
 Chatel Cheherv. We were ordered back to Verdun 
 where we remained a few days ; then back into France 
 where we remained until the latter part of April when 
 we were ordered to Germany. We remained there 
 until Mav 27th when we left for the U. S. 
 
 ANDREW AARSAXD 
 
 Writes interesting letter of the final days of the 
 war, and the long hike into Germany with the Army 
 of Occupation : 
 
 Sept. 21, 1917, I was called to serve in Uncle 
 Sam's Armv. I reported in Windom, Thursday 
 morning, Sept. 21. After various speeches were 
 made and also a big dinner served at the fair- 
 grounds we entrained about 3 ;30 for Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. We reached the camp the next afternoon. 
 I was there made private in Co. C, 35ist 'nr., S8th 
 Div., there receiving my iirst lessons in army Ufe 
 and drills. 
 
 About the last part of November, 1917, I was 
 transferred to Co. C, 340th Inf., 87th Div., Camp 
 Pike, Ark., where we spent the winter, and then was 
 sent with a lot of other men to Camp Greene, N. C, 
 Apr. 14, 1918. After being there a week I was as- 
 signed to Co. G, 4th Ammunition Train, 4th Division 
 of the Regular Army. I now realized that our days, 
 in the United States were numbered. ^ Gradually 
 overseas orders came and regiments slipped away 
 from the camp and moved to the seacoast. 
 
 On May l.ith, after completing the loading of our 
 own trucks and wagons, and turning in of the ani- 
 mals, Co. G, the last of the regiment, cleared camp 
 and after twenty-four hours arrived at Camp Mer- 
 ritt, N. J., where we rested a few days and were 
 issued the rest of our overseas equipment. On May 
 21st we quietly marched from camp at 4 A. JNI. to 
 the Alpine Landing at the foot of the Palisades, 
 there boarded the ferrvboat which landed us at Ho- 
 boken where the S. S.' "Northern Pacific" lay. Our 
 
 voyage on the boundless main was a most pleasant 
 one, the sea was as smooth as glass and only a few 
 were sick. 
 
 During the trip I was put to keep deck clean so 
 for once more I was a seaman. Our days aboard were 
 spent in ship drill, lookout duty, reading, writing, 
 and games, and the evenings were spent at the 
 movies in the ship's dining room. The last two 
 days of the trip we were escorted by five of the 
 swiftest submarine destroyers afloat. On the 30th of 
 T\Iav we anchored in the harbor of Brest. That 
 night and the following day we unloaded the ship 
 and then disembarked and marched to Pontanezen 
 Barracks built by Napoleon. 
 
 On the 2nd of June we entrained at Brest in the 
 famous box cars "8 Chevaux and 40 Homines" with 
 which all of the Allied soldiers are so well fa- 
 miliar. The worst I had ever had a ride in. Our 
 trip lay south to Bonneau a few miles away from 
 Bordeaux. We marched to Camp De Souge and 
 went into barracks of cement and tile. The sand 
 in this place was harder to drill in than the mud 
 of Camp Greene, N. C, as it was heavy, greasy 
 stuff and we were always dirty. Some of us won- 
 dered if it would ever come to an end and allow 
 us to get to the front for our real work. Finally 
 orders were received to clear camp and march to 
 Bonneau where we loaded our horses and wagons, 
 had mess and departed at 7 P. M. bound for where? 
 No one knew, but many surmised it was toward the 
 sector where Americans were then engaged between 
 Chateau Thierrv and the Vesle River. True to our 
 surmisal we arrived at the shell-wrecked station of 
 Chateau Thierrv on the morning of Aug. 4th, 191S, 
 and unloaded preparatory to starting up to the line. 
 Early in the afternoon -we were ready and pro- 
 ceeded' through the narrow devastated streets of 
 the town, across the famous pontoon bridge, past the 
 now ruined stone one, up in the long steep road 
 above the town, past several small ruined villages, 
 then on to Artoris Wood for the night. From here 
 we could see the flares in No Man's Land after 
 dusk. 
 
 The following day was a rainy one, but in the 
 afternoon the sun came out brilliantly and most 
 of us made short trips into the woods to view the 
 ravages of war and become acclimated as it were. 
 That night at dusk we left the camp and in hard 
 driving rain proceeded during the night to our next 
 camp within shell fire of the enemy. 
 
 During this night the road was jammed with three 
 streams of slowly moving traffic, one of staff cars, 
 ambulances and motortrucks, and another of liorse- 
 drawn vehicles proceeding up to the lines, and the 
 other moving slowlv to the hospital with its living 
 freight from" the front. Ambulance after ambulance 
 and° other full loaded trucks passed us and many 
 were our thoughts. The sky was continually lit with 
 the reflections from the countless flares from the 
 front. Truly it was a glorious sight. Later we 
 passed through Fer-en-Tardinois, a vast jumble of 
 ruined homes and tottering walls and shell-rent roofs 
 to a grove east of there where our night's march 
 was finished. We unharnessed our horses and 
 flopped down on the wet ground as if it was the 
 most natural thing in our lives and fell fast asleep. 
 The following morning we moved across the road 
 to another grove and there received our first lesson 
 in camouflage or the hiding of our horses and wag- 
 ons from the telltale camera of the Boche birdman. 
 There some of us went to ammunition dumps fur- 
 ther up the road and on the second night of our 
 stay in these woods we received our Baptism of i^ire, 
 some eightv shells breaking in around our dogtents 
 during the" night. No one was injured and we 
 counted ourselves luckv and considered it a good 
 
omen, which has proved itself to date, as during our 
 whole stay on the tronts of three sectors we only 
 
 ffou/'con-pa;"^"" -'' ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ -""de^ 
 The morning after our escapade we moved up 
 the road to estahhsh an immense dump for all kind^ 
 of ammunjfon just above Dead Man's Curve north 
 of Mareu.l en Dole. We moved just in time as 
 was not long before a large shell flew in and took 
 a large pde of our barrack bags full of equipment 
 m a thousand directions, and this surely would have 
 gotten some of us as a number of us vi^ere camped 
 right near the location of this pile campea 
 
 At this next camp we were constantiv under shell 
 fire, lived, slep , ate and worked in it and in a few 
 ho wer?'"'l T-'' ""conscious of it. Cas alarms 
 
 ' Iw-, ^ rL;,, ;"°, "'■ ^°'' ^''^-^ ^''^ continuous and 
 a ways distmbed even our 4 or 5 hours' sleep each 
 d, y, which was constantly full of work it seemed 
 The men of the battalion worked at the dump mt 
 loading the never ceasing line of motor trucks wh ch 
 immediately departed for their deadly freigln A 
 detail of men from our company were 'hauling small 
 arnis and ammunition to our infantrv on the line 
 night after night. These same men" turned in at 
 the dump each mornmg and unloaded shells 
 
 On the 12th of August we turned over the dump 
 
 but hnrrZ'"^ ^'''/'°" '1"^ ''-^P^^'^d down the ro"l 
 but had not gone far when a norder was received 
 
 owing to the stupidity of the French railwa; offichl 
 
 had not stopped there ■ °'^'^''^'' 
 
 On the 29th of August we moved on much in the 
 
 fashion of a gypsy outfit, traveling bv ni<.ht under 
 
 ho"es° Httl''!''""-^ and sleepini and resting" 
 orses a little during the day. After a nine-nighl 
 ke. we camped in a canyon north of Souillv The 
 
 tnp had been made on rainy nights and mosV of 
 
 were fagged out and very dirty from the endless nmd 
 
 through which we had come. 
 
 nition to trench mortar positions several kilos he 
 
 re°tu ned't'"''"'""-^' "''". '"'° ^o Man's [and w" 
 returned to our camp the next morniing about S \ 
 M., luingry, wet sleepy, tired and dirtv Soon this 
 -^ hm^'f iT^P^'^'^^'l «"d the St. Mihiel pocke wa 
 
 wen 1° v' f' '' ^''" '= *'^^ German occupatTo, 
 went, and Verdnu was again safe from that side 
 Un the night of Sentemb=r •>■ lotv 
 
 i,r -1 *i ■ '-"Lip Liironga Itsnes, where ^orre^ 
 
 iowV oPthri^ur l/ancl':! '^T ''' '^'^^^ 
 city which th«; n d"o fa Mt a, "'"'' ^''"^ '" *'"^ 
 
 Ihe^rli^i^^ '"■' ^'^^ ?"e"o^^ wh^ ^^Z ^ ^ 
 
 shell craters touching one another. Our horses were 
 
 on" to"cui-v ''^ '""""^ '"' «f'-^' '-"-■ We ■ Jved 
 on to Cuisy where we on the hillside above the 
 ruined town camped for the next twentv-eigh da \ 
 We were all hvmg in dugouts in this camp in order 
 to save ourselves. During otrr stav there we IwJ 
 plenty of work to do day as well as nioht 
 
 sovuh 'lo Monf °T'''/ ^'' ^''' --elieved and moved 
 south to Montzeville for a much needed rest and 
 there awaited the arrival of fresh horses, but" n the 
 Hne r'th^'R'^'r^ «" o^-der t ogo back into the 
 l2,- n /'P^*? ^'^'-^ P'^«d i" ^"PPort of the 
 
 Mith Division Inf. So back to the line we went and 
 this time camped at Madeline Ferme which a fevv 
 days previous had been in the hands of the steadilv 
 
 nth of November arrived at Milly devant Dun and 
 there received the news of the signing of the Armis- 
 
 tbe^A^rn. ""Tn"""' ''-'""^ ^"^' ''"° Germanv with 
 tlie Army of Occupation, and after hiking abo'ut .lOd 
 miles we, on the 18th of December, canfped or bil- 
 leted in a little village, Greimersburg, There we 
 spen our Christmas and New Year's as best we 
 could, and were eagerly looking forward to our next 
 great march which was the most eventful in our 
 lives, that Amencaward. After a lot of moving 
 aiound in Geniiany our Division was relieved from 
 he Army of Occupation and started for home, sweet 
 mo"' 9"J ""fSiment entrained at Coblenz July 12 
 li)19, and filially arrived at Newport News, W Va 
 Aiig. 1st. Was sent to Camp Grant, III, and 'there 
 received my discharge Aug. 8. 1919. 
 
 24 DAYS IN THE ARGONNE. AXD SEVEN 
 
 MONTHS IN GERMANY. 
 
 Otto A. Pufahl. 
 
 I left for service with the first of Cottonwood 
 County .s drafted boys Sept. 21, 1918, for Camp Dodge 
 Iowa. I trained with Co. D, 3.51st Inf., until Nov' 
 ]', when I was transferred to Co. K, 34.5th Inf 
 Camp Pike, Ark. I trained there all winter until 
 -Apr 24th, when I was transferred to Camp Greene 
 N. C, into Co. I, 47th Inf., 4th Div. Regulars With 
 this outfat I went over. We left Hoboken Mav 10th 
 landing m Brest the 24th. 
 
 We trained a few weeks before starting for the 
 front. Entered into action for the first t'^ime July 
 -yth. It was some hot weather then. We lost 
 over two-thirds of our men in the two davs we were 
 on the front. That was on the Vesle. We were re- 
 lie\ed by the 77th Division. 
 
 On the 5th of August we went into action on the 
 Aisne-Marne. We did not have so many casual- 
 ties this time. We were in the front lines seven 
 days. 
 
 Sept. 26th we went over the top for the last time in 
 the Argonne Forest. Had some casualties there 
 alter twenty-four days' hard fighting. 
 
 Nov. 11th we were back in the At-gonne ready to 
 go to the front lines again when the good news came 
 to us. We could not believe it till eleven o'clock 
 when the guns ceased firing. We hiked all the way 
 into Coblenz, German.v, which took us nearly one 
 month We made an average of 20 miles per day 
 with all of our equipment on our backs. We were 
 pretty well pleased to roll up in our two blankets 
 when night came. I was a runner (messenger) and 
 did not have it as easy as some did on the hike. 
 
 yVe were in Germany over seven months, leavin" 
 July 11, 1919, for Brest, arriving there the 14tli 
 
 Loaded on the "Mobile" and sailed for the U S 
 ai-riving in Hobiken, July 27. We went to Camp 
 Dodge, where I received nn- discharge Aug. 4, 1919 
 
BAKED ROLLS FOR PRES. WILSON 
 AND HTS STAFF. 
 
 H. T. Klien writes of his experiences in the Navy: 
 
 Left ray home at Mountain Lake on May L 1918. 
 ior Minneapolis where I enrolled m the Naval Re- 
 serve Force as a landsman fir baker. Was sent to 
 the Dunwoodv Institution at Mmneapo is, Minne- 
 sota, and there I got my training and also learned 
 mv trade there as baker. 
 
 On Sept 6 1918, I was transferred from Mimteap- 
 •olis to Receiving Ship Richmond, Norfolk. Va. Here 
 I was stationed for two weeks waiting to be trans- 
 ferred onto a ship. r j *„ 
 
 On the 20th of September, I was transferred to 
 the U S S George Washington as a second class 
 haker' The Geo. Washington left Norfolk on the 
 ■'(ith of September for New York where we staid 
 until the 1st of October. On the 28th of September 
 I made my first liberty in New York and took a 
 mod look'at Mountain City. ,,, , ■ 
 
 On the first of October, IfllS, the Geo. Washing- 
 ton left for Brest, France, with a shipload of sol- 
 diers and cargo. This was my first trip across the 
 Atlantic and it was a had one for one out of live 
 on board was stricken with influenza and eighty-nine 
 died, besides fighting stormy weather. It seemed 
 to me we would never see land again, but alter a 
 twelve-day vovage we landed in Brest. On the l-lth 
 of October I made my first liberty in Brest, France. 
 
 The following trip we landed in Brest on the 9th 
 of November and on the 11th day of November we 
 hovs helped the French celebrate the Armistice day. 
 
 When we got hack to the states again the U. h. b. 
 Geo. Washington was appointed to carry President 
 Wilson across the Atlantic and on Dec. 5, 1918, we 
 left Hoboken, N. J., with the Presidential flag flying 
 on the foremast. Those were great days for us 
 boys, had real good times, at times. 
 
 On the tenth of December, 1918, we passed the 
 Azore Islands and the Portuguese saluted us. On 
 the 13th of December, 1918, we were met by ships 
 from the United States, France, Italy, and ling- 
 land, which were on both sides of our ship salut- 
 ing us as they convoyed us into Brest. It sure was 
 a grand reception for Woodrow Wilson, and a scene 
 I'll never forget. 
 
 On Feb. 5, 1919, we landed in Brest again and 
 waited there ten days to bring Pres. Wilson back to 
 the States again, in the meanwhile we boys got a 
 leave for Paris. On the loth we left for the States 
 with Pres. Wilsin aboard and we landed in Boston 
 Feb. 23, 1919. On March 5th we again sailed to 
 France with Pres. Wilson and landed in Brest 
 March 13, 1919. On May 18, 1919, we landed in 
 Brest, waiting there for President Wilson to go 
 back to his native land. During that time few of 
 the boys left for Paris and StrassTiurg on leave. 
 On June 30th we left Brest. France, taking Pres. 
 Wilson across the Atlantic for the fourth time. On 
 July 4th Wilson gave a speech to us sailor and sol- 
 dier boys on board ship. We landed in New York 
 on July 8th where Wilson got another great recep- 
 tion. On September 7th the Geo. Washington left 
 once more for Brest, France, to bring to the LInited 
 States another great man. King Albert, of Belgium, 
 and also the Queen. On Sept. 22, 1919, we left 
 Calais, France, for the V. S. A. with the King and 
 Queen of Belgium aboard the Geo. Washington. On 
 October 2nd we arrived at Hoboken where the King 
 and Queen received a great welcome. 
 
 On the fourth of October, one of my happiest days 
 of ray life, I bade "good-bye" to all my shipmates and 
 to the good old ship Geo. Washington and left for 
 Minneapolis where I was released from active dutv 
 in the U. S. N. R, F. which took place Oct. 9, 1919. 
 So during my time in the Navy, I have had the 
 
 honor to bake rolls for President Wilson and for his 
 staff. Have made eleven trips across the Atlantic 
 ocean, crossing it twenty-two times, four times with 
 Pres. Wilson and once with the King of Belgium. 
 The experience will stay in ray memory forever. 
 Yours truly. 
 
 H. T. KLETN. 
 
 THE YANKS IN BERLIN. 
 
 Sgt. Hilmar E. Jacobson writes of his experi- 
 ences at Berlin, Germany, and his observation of the 
 German people : 
 
 Being one of the few if not the only American 
 soldier^from this iraniediate vicinity who got into 
 German territorv as far as Berlin, I have, at the re- 
 quest of several of my friends, written a brief out- 
 line of my adventures therein as well as I can at 
 present remember them. If perchance some of my 
 statements should be found incorrect by some who 
 read this and who perhaps saw more or saw things 
 different than I, they will confer a favor upon me 
 by so informing me and to them will be extended 
 niy sincerest apologies with my acknowledgment 
 that I am wrong and very willing to stand correc- 
 tion. 
 
 The immediate purpose for which we were sent to 
 Germany was for the reparation of Russian prison- 
 ers of Germany and we were known as the United 
 States Military Mission. 
 
 Of course we, like the majority of the troops of 
 the A. E. F'., were anxious about getting back to 
 American soil once more, but when it was learned 
 that this was impossible for a very indefinite time 
 our orders to move into Germany came more as a 
 relief than a disappointment, as moving to new ter- 
 ritory always had more or less to do with relieving 
 the monotony of camp life. 
 
 It was on the evening of February 11th, 1919, 
 that on arriving in a small town in Germany after 
 a long and tedious train ride we saw that some 
 change was to be made with us. What this change 
 was to be we did not know, being in the army and 
 accustomed to having others do our thinking for us, 
 as vou who read this who have experienced military 
 life' know it is always a case of "I don't know where 
 I'm going but I'm on my way." We spent the night 
 on the train and in the morning were given hot 
 coffee by the German Red Cross and you may be 
 sure we" were also given a thorough overlooking In- 
 all the people who saw us as we were the first Yanks 
 to locate in that immediate section. The coffee was 
 vile liut tasted good to us at that time. About noon 
 twenty-five of us were sent to a military camp a 
 short way from this town and one of the suburbs 
 (Of Berlin and after getting settled with gooa ac- 
 commodations I and two friends went out to see the 
 sights. We went to a restaurant and tried for sup- 
 per but found practically all there was to be had was 
 vegetables and a limited amount of them, so, as 
 we had no choice we ordered what they had. We 
 had brought our own white bread from carnp and 
 this caused much excitement among the civilians 
 as they had not seen any of this for four j ears, 
 but had had nothing but coarse black bread. One 
 of the boys spoke German, so acted as an inter- 
 preter. We were very courteously treated by the 
 Germans but were at first taken for English, and 
 they expressed much surprise to learn that we were 
 Yanks. 
 
 In our camp was a statue of Von Hindenburg. and 
 another bust but with the head gone. Inquiring as 
 to this we learned this had been tlie Kaiser, but that 
 the head had been removed after his abdication. 
 
 The ex-Kaiser seemed anything but popular and 
 was condemned by almost every one we spoke with. 
 
By tliis time our permanent billeting space was 
 ready and on moving to our new quarters we were 
 pleased to find them clean, sanitary and our beds 
 equipped with white sheets and pillow-slips which 
 we were somewhat surprised to learn were furnished 
 by tlie Germans. 
 
 Tlie food situation of the people was next to 
 pitiful, each person being entitled to only 120 grams 
 of meat per week, their chief food being vegetable 
 soup and what we termed "dishwater" coffee. 
 
 The plan of Berlin itself compares quite favorably 
 vvith a_ good many of our American cities. The ex- 
 Kaiser's palace is a magnificent piece of architec- 
 ture as is also the Hotel Adlon, said to be the finest 
 m all Europe. Part of this was used as the Head- 
 quarters for the Inter-Allied Military Officers. The 
 well known Tier Garden is also very interesting to 
 visit as it contains statues of some of Germany's 
 leading men in history such as Bismarck, Von Hin- 
 denburg and others. All that remains of ex-Kaiser 
 Wilhelm's statue, however, is the pedestal, the 
 statue itself having been removed. 
 
 Everywhere there existed poverty as a result of 
 the war, and everywhere could one see the substi- 
 tutes for lacking necessities, some clothes even made 
 
 of paper. Very few automobiles were seen, save: 
 those used by the Government. Whatever self-res- 
 pect Germany's womanhood may have had, thev 
 apparently have lost and it is reflected upon the 
 whole of Germany. 
 
 Poverty, famine and wretchedness were visible 
 everywhere, and a package of twenty American cig- 
 arettes would be sure to make as many friends for 
 you. German tobacco consisted mostly of paper 
 and dry leaves. 
 
 Soldiers of all descriptions could be seen. Crip- 
 pled soldiers, old gray-haired soldiers with prac- 
 tically one foot in the grave, and boy soldiers whose 
 faces had never touched a razor. 
 
 Such is Germany as I saw it in the heart of its 
 population, and to you, my friends, who read this, I 
 say, if any of you have the smallest spark of disloy- 
 alty in your heart for your own United States of 
 America, go to Germany and see conditions as they 
 are and you will learn the lesson that will teach yoit 
 to be true and loyal to the Stars and Stripes, your 
 country, and your American fellowmen. 
 Sincerely. 
 HELMAR E. JACOBSON, 
 Sergeant. 
 
The America First Association 
 
 The America First Association was organized in 
 the fall of 1917. A convention was called in St. 
 Paul on November 16 and 17, and each County was 
 asked to send delegates to this convention. A dele- 
 gation of about forty from Cottonwood County at- 
 tended the convention. Men of international fame 
 addressed the convention, among whom was the 
 great Irish parliamentarian, T. P. O'Connor, who 
 urged every Irishman to forget his ancient grudge 
 against England and fight with the Allies for the 
 freedom of the world. 
 
 Otto Kahn, the great New York banker, a patri- 
 otic American of German biilh and education, was 
 there to tell the convention what he knew about 
 Prussianism as first hand and from personal observa- 
 tions and experiences. He told of the Prussian am- 
 bitions and schemes of aggression. It was at this 
 convention that the .America First Assn. was perma- 
 nently organized. Hon. F. W. Murphy of Whea- 
 ton, was elected President. Robert W. Hargadine 
 of St. Paul, was elected Secretary. One Vice Pres- 
 ident was chosen from each County in the State, to 
 whom was left the organization of the County or- 
 ganizations. 
 
 W. F'. Sanger of Windom, was chosen Vice Pres- 
 ident for Cottonwood County. The work of organ- 
 izing the County was immediately undertaken. 
 Speakers were procured and meetings were held in 
 all parts of the County and a membership drive 
 was begun which resulted in securing about one 
 thousand members. Pledge cards were issued to 
 members which read as follows : 
 
 "I hereby join the America First Association, and 
 pledge my assistance to the Government in putting 
 down sedition and disloyalty, and consecrate my 
 services to the great cause of Democracy." 
 
 Among the speakers who did splendid work for 
 the America First Association in Cottonwood Coun- 
 ty was one of more than usual weight and influence, 
 Fritz Von Osten-Sacken, a scion of a noble family 
 in Prussia, who had come to this country to escape 
 militarism. He emphatically stated that in his opin- 
 ion, it was the duty of all .\mericans of German 
 birth to support their adopted country as against 
 their fatherland. He dwelt on the evils of the Prus- 
 
 sian system, contrasting it with the free and demo- 
 cratic " institutions of the United States, and ex- 
 plained the dangers which would menace America 
 and her institutions, should Germany win the war, 
 and made a strong plea for support of the Govern- 
 ment in the conflict. 
 
 Another speaker who contributed much to the 
 success of the work undertaken by the America 
 First Association, was Captain Sanborn, a young 
 American, who had served two years in France 
 with the Canadian forces. Other speakers who ad- 
 dressed meetings from time to time throughout the 
 County and did splendid work for the organization, 
 were "as follows: Hon. Judge C. M. Stanton of 
 Bemidji, Minn., Hon. Judge Oscar Hallam of St. 
 Paul, Minn., Hon. C. B. Miller of Duluth, Minn., 
 A. R. Allen, Fairmont, Minn., E. H. Nichols, Jack- 
 son, Minn., Rev. J. T. Bergren, Minneapolis, Alinn., 
 Henry Deutch, Minneapolis, Minn., P. H. O'Keef, 
 St. Paul, Minn., John Regan, Mankato, Minn., and 
 Lawrence C. Hodgson, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 THE SMILEAGE BOOK CAMPAIGN. 
 
 The Smileage Books were little books of cou- 
 pons which entitled any soldier, sailor or marine, 
 free admission to theaters of moving picture shows 
 in the town where he might be cantoned. The 
 America First Association determined that no boy 
 should leave the County unprovided with at least, 
 one of these books. Smileage Books were put on 
 sale all over the County and the people were urged 
 to see that their friends or boys who were going 
 into the army received a Smileage Book. 
 
 The work of the America First Association was 
 of incalculable value to arouse the spirit of patriotism 
 in the people throughout the County and the dis- 
 loyalists and slackers became extremely unpopular, 
 and everywhere there was a stern determination to 
 fight the war through to victory, cost what it might, 
 and back to the limit, the boys who went to the 
 front to face the hell of battle. 
 
 The war is over, and may the spirit of the Amer- 
 ica First Association grow until America becomes 
 thoroughly American, with "one flag, one language 
 and one country." 
 
 The Medical Advisory Board 
 
 Soon after the examination of registrants for the 
 draft army was begun it was found that the physi- 
 cian on the local board could not give sufficient 
 time to those cases which required a more thor- 
 ough examination. In December, 1017, Minnesota 
 was divided into eight districts and a medical ad- 
 visory board appointed for each whose duty it was 
 to make a thorough physical examination of men 
 referred to it by the local boards and render a re- 
 port. Their action was not final but simply ad- 
 visory. 
 
 District No. 8 comprised Cottonwood and Jackson 
 Counties. Meetings were held twice a week at Win- 
 dom. Its personnel was as follows : 
 
 J. H. Dudley, M. D., Chairman, Windom, Minn. 
 
 J. A. Adamson, D. D. S., Secretary, Windom, 
 Minn. 
 
 B. Ravn, M. D., Windom, Minn. 
 
 W. A. Piper. M. D., Mountain Lake, Minn. 
 
Cottonwood County's Financial Part in the War 
 
 It IS impossible for us to give the accurate ac- 
 count of the money raised in each township and vil- 
 lage; but we have been able to give the approx- 
 imate amount of some of the drives and the actual 
 amount of the others. Those that we will give in 
 detad are as follows: The third and fourth Liberty 
 Bond drives, the fifth or Vii.torv Loan drive the 
 second Red Cross drive, the Thrift Stamp drive and 
 the Associated Cliarities. Six drives in all, which will 
 give a fan- comparison as to what each township and 
 town subscribed in the different drives. The balance 
 of the money raised for Y. M. C. A. Y W C \ 
 Belgium relief, Syrian Armenian relief' and other 
 war activities, are given in one lump sum. no credit 
 being given to any township or village but to the 
 county as a whole. 
 
 3d, 4th and Victory 
 
 , Loan Drives 
 
 , "" $ 109,750.00 
 
 ^""^"y 63,750.00 
 
 ^"'O 87,700.00 
 
 ^'"fO» 103,450.00 
 
 °^ t°" 74,050.00 
 
 IJale 84,050.00 
 
 Great Bend 81,350.00 
 
 Germantown 97,200.00 
 
 H'fliwater 104,950.00 
 
 Vf.'\'='^"^'^ 81,300.00 
 
 ,^^'d^ay 92,700.00 
 
 *"• Lalte «fi,400.00 
 
 ^7« Hill 87,750.00 
 
 g^''™ 91,050.00 
 
 §'°'"de" •, 99,050.00 
 
 Southbrook 50,750.00 
 
 Springheld 69,650.00 
 
 VV estbrook 103,350.00 
 
 Westbrook Village 115,500.00 
 
 Storden Village 43,350.00 
 
 lu t' , ^'li^S" 66,350.00 
 
 Mt. Lake Village 173,750.00 
 
 Bingham Lake Village 36,600 00 
 
 Windom Village 337.700.00 
 
 I'o'"''' $2,380,300.00 
 
 Total amount of the third, fourth and 
 
 fifth bond drive .$2,380,300 00 
 
 The amount of bonds sold in the first 
 
 bond sale 09,.>00.00 
 
 ihe amount of bonds sold in the second 
 
 J'°"<^ sale 291,.rj0.00 
 
 Ihe amount of money raised in the War 
 
 Savings Stamp drive 411,405.00 
 
 The Associated Charities drive amounted 
 
 „ *° ••■;•■; 45,430.00 
 
 Ihe total of money raised for the Red 
 
 '^'■°ss 62,500.00 
 
 Ann township stands first in the purchase of Liberty 
 Bonds; Highwater. second: Carson, third; and West- 
 brook township, fourth. Bingham Lake also did 
 her share. Of the villages in the countv Bingham 
 Lake stands first. Bingham Lake and Ann town- 
 ship always went over the top in every drive made 
 in the county. 
 
 Below we give a statement of the monev raised 
 in the county for all war activities as far as we 
 are able to get them, and we feel that Cottonwood 
 County has every reason to feel proud of the record 
 she has made. It was said at the beginning of the 
 war that it was Men, Money and Food that would 
 win the war, and Cottonwood County did her part 
 nobly in all of these. 
 
 /. S. S. Drive 
 
 2d Red Cross 
 
 Assoc. Char. 
 
 Drive 
 
 Drive 
 
 $ 12,385.00 
 
 $ 1,319.80 
 
 $ 2,063.00 
 
 11,210.00 
 
 800.00 
 
 1,237.00 
 
 11,22,5.00 
 
 835.00 
 
 1,782.00 
 
 14,580.00 
 
 920.00 
 
 1,980.00 
 
 10,505.00 
 
 680.00 
 
 1,635.00 
 
 11,010.00 
 
 635.00 
 
 1,696.00 
 
 12,735.00 
 
 l,0a2.83 
 
 1,550.0P 
 
 13,405.00 
 
 948.00 
 
 1,905.00 
 
 12,545.00 
 
 886.35 
 
 2,051.00 
 
 9,780.00 
 
 790.53 
 
 1,728.00 
 
 12,930.00 
 
 753.50 
 
 1,667.00 
 
 10,310.00 
 
 600.00 
 
 1,890.00 
 
 10,455.00 
 
 795.50 
 
 1,877.50 
 
 13,140.00 
 
 937.50 
 
 1,696.00 
 
 15,975.00 
 
 1,066.10 
 
 1,968,00 
 
 6,325.00 
 
 542.00 
 
 1,160.75 
 
 10,140.00 
 
 764.00 
 
 1,227.75 
 
 14,285.00 
 
 1,086.00 
 
 2,252.50 
 
 32,130.00 
 7,215.00 
 
 1,048.00 
 554.00 
 
 1,935.50 
 625.00 
 
 12,000.00 
 
 750.00 
 
 1,103.00 
 
 32,355.00 
 
 1,763.35 
 
 3,250.00 
 
 4,965.00 
 
 300.00 
 
 500 85 
 
 60,000.00 
 
 3,589.35 
 
 6,640.00 
 
 $411,405.00 
 
 $33,375.93 
 
 S45 J.XO .tl.i 
 
 The \ . iNL C. A. drive netted about 3,000.00 
 
 Knights of Columbus drive 2,300.00 
 
 .\rmenian-Syrian Relief 2,700.00 
 
 Belgium Relief, besides a large amount 
 
 of clothing 500.00 
 
 Library War Council 200.00 
 
 \ . W. C. A 400.00 
 
 Total amount of money raised in the 
 
 County $3,267,035.00 
 
Some Interesting Facts About the World's War 
 
 and Its Results 
 
 Troops 
 Nation Mobilized Wounded Killed 
 
 Russia 12,000,000 4,9.")0,000 1,700,000 
 
 British Empire . . 7,500,000 2,03.i,H2.5 692,06.'. 
 
 France 7, .500,000 3,67.5,000 1, 385, 300 
 
 Italy 5,500,000 947,000 460,000 
 
 United States . . . 4,272.531 192,483 67,813 
 
 Japan 800,000 907 300 
 
 Rumania 750,000 120,000 332,000 
 
 Belgium 267,000 40,000 15,000 
 
 Germany 11,000,000 3,683,143 1,611,104 
 
 Austria-Hungary . 6,500,000 3,200,000 800,000 
 
 Turkey 1,600,000 570,000 300,000 
 
 Bulgaria 400,000 152,399 201,324 
 
 Greece 330,000 40,000 15,000 
 
 Portugal ? 
 
 Total 5>!, 119, 531 18,606,357 7,589,806 
 
 The total population of the nations in the World's 
 War, 1,569,410,000. 
 
 The total population of the nations not in the 
 World's War, 135,385,000. 
 
 Area of countries in the World's War, square 
 miles, 41,970,000. 
 
 Area of countries not in the World's War, square 
 miles, 15,385,000. 
 
 The amount of indemnity that Germany will be 
 required to pay is .$40,000,000,000.00 besides the turn- 
 ing over of her vast amount of war material. 
 
 The total shipping losses as a result of the war 
 was 14,820,408 tons, of which 3,000,000 tons was 
 neutral shipping. 
 
 The appalling burden of public debt under which 
 the belligerent nations in the great war are stag- 
 gering is taken for granted by most of us, while 
 but few have any definite notion of the extent of 
 
 this burden. Possibly the most dependable figures 
 which have appeared on this subject are those col- 
 lected by Louis R. Gottlieb and published in the 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics. Before entering 
 the war the public debt of 11 of the Allies amounted 
 to about $22,500,000,000.00 and the Central Powers 
 was $6,200,000,000.00. Since then the Allied Nations 
 have increased their indebtedness about $150,000,000,- 
 000.00 and the Central Powers about $63,000,000,000. 
 In the following table the per capita indebtedness 
 of the various countries is reduced to dollars at 
 the pre-war rate of exchange. 
 
 Before After 
 
 Nations the war the war 
 
 United States $11.33 $249.38 
 
 Great Britain 75.03 817.04 
 
 Canada 40.19 189.45 
 
 France 166.20 768.11 
 
 Italv 82.55 408.78 
 
 Japan 21.74 23.14 
 
 Russia 37.95 298.61 
 
 Belgium 94.28 246.67 
 
 Central Powers 
 
 Germanv 17.18 589.97 
 
 Austria 84.99 551.42 
 
 Hungarv 74.83 416.1 1 
 
 Turkey 31.35 94.11 
 
 The interest on the National debt of the United 
 States before we entered the World's War amounted 
 to 22 cents per capita whereas it now stands at 
 over $8.00. Even at this figure we are extremely 
 fortunate when compared with France where the 
 per capita charge on their debt is nearly $50.00, and 
 in Great Britain over $30.00. 
 
 S& 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL MILITARY TRAINING. 
 
 During the summer of 1918 Supt. E. T. Chesnut of the Windom High School spent a month in Camp 
 at Lake Geneva, Wis., for military training, to prepare himself for the training of the High School Boys 
 in Military tactics during the coming school year. Shortly after school opened a company was organized 
 and received training in connection with their school work. Russell D. Gove was appointed Capt., Willard 
 Annenson, First Lieutenant, and Rolland MuUer, Second Lieutenant. 
 
The Home Coming Celebration 
 
 On May 2:;, 1919, the Red Cross and the Draft 
 Board gave in honor of the returned soldiers, sail- 
 ors and marines a Home Coming celebration giving 
 vent to their appreciation of the services rendered 
 by these men while in the service and for their 
 safe return home. Relatives and friends from all 
 over the county came to pay their respect to the 
 boys and to join with them in the pleasures of the 
 day. Altho the sun did not shine in all its glory 
 and at times it threatened to rain, the day ended 
 without anything occurring to mar tlie program out- 
 lined. 
 
 Early in the morning people began coining to Win- 
 dom ; soon the streets were filled with cars, re- 
 minding one of the big days of the fair, and every 
 one enjoyed a good time. The places of business 
 were closed and all joined together in making the 
 event a grand success. 
 
 The day's events took place according to a printed 
 program as nearly as possible. The band concert 
 on the court house grounds at nine-thirty started 
 the day's program, and from that hour on the day 
 was filled with one thing or another. The Windom 
 Band furnished excellent music as well as the Lam- 
 berton band, which assisted in furnishing the music 
 of the day. They appeared in new uniforms, pre- 
 senting a very nifty appearance. Both bands fur- 
 nished a good share of the entertainment of the day 
 and without them it would have cut the celebration 
 to a minimum. 
 
 Following the concert in the morning the bands 
 marched to the fair grounds where the parade was 
 scheduled to form at ten-thirty. It did not vary 
 much from this time when the parade started up 
 Sixth Ave. to the school house corner, turning east, 
 paraded around the square and back to the fair 
 grounds. Leading the parade was the color bearer, 
 Edward Olson, escorted by two members of the 
 Home Guard, then came the Windom Band followed 
 by the high school girls carrying the Cottonwood 
 County Service Flag. Behind them came a detach- 
 ment of returned sailors in uniform, immediately 
 behind the sailors marched a detachment of returned 
 soldiers (two hundred and fifty strong), under com- 
 mand of Ex. Lieut. Hurd, an overseas man. There 
 were many who had not seen a large detachment of 
 soldiers on the march and to them it was quite an 
 inspiration, as well as it was to those who had been 
 used to such sights. The men marched along in a 
 manner that showed they had been in line before, for 
 they marched with a preciseness and bearing that 
 made one feel proud of the fact that they were boys 
 of our county. Behind the ex-soldiers marched the 
 Red Cross chapters and auxiliaries in their uni- 
 forms, led by members of the Windom Chapter. In 
 the line were the members of the following auxil- 
 iaries : Lakeside, Dale, Storden, Westbrook, High- 
 water, Great Bend, West Great Bend and Mountain 
 
 Lake. Next in line was the Lamberton band, fol- 
 lowed by the floats representing the Allied coun- 
 tries, namely: Belgium, France, England, Ireland, 
 Italy, Japan. Then came the various war relief 
 organizations, namely: the Y. M. C. A., Knights of 
 Columbus, Salvation Army, Y. W. C. A., etc. These 
 floats were all very tastily gotten up and showed 
 ability on the part of the builders. Miss Mae Jen- 
 ness characterized the historic "Joan of Arc" on her 
 charger, giving an appearance true to life. (We are 
 showing just a few of the views as we were unable 
 to get but a small part of them.) The parade was 
 very skilfully organized and handled and was a cred- 
 it to those taking part and those managing it. 
 
 Upon the return to the fair grounds dinner was 
 the ^ next thing in order and this was handled ex- 
 peditiously and in such a manner that in an hour 
 and a half all the guests had been served. The 
 Floral and Agricultural halls served as dining 
 rooms and the Educational Building was made use 
 of as kitchen. The tables seating three hundred 
 and sixty at a time, were filled three times, thus over 
 a thousand were served. Mrs. George Warren had 
 charge of this department and to her and her as- 
 sistants a great deal of credit must be given for the 
 splendid way they handled this part of the program. 
 
 The afternoon program began at two o'clock as 
 scheduled and took place on a large platform built 
 in front of the grand stand especially for this pro- 
 gram. Both the grand stand and bleachers were 
 crowded when the program opened. Father Mc- 
 Kenna pronounced the invocation ; O. J. Finstad, 
 chairman of the meeting, introduced the various 
 parts of the^ program. Miss Anna Lee rendered a 
 solo. Miss Grace Hanson gave a reading, and Miss 
 Anna Lee and Richard Lawson sang a duet. State 
 Auditor Preus of St. Paul, delivered the luain ad- 
 dress of the afternoon and spoke on matters perti- 
 nent to the occasion. And the last number of the 
 program was the singing of "America." 
 
 Following the program a base ball game was 
 called between Windom and Jackson, which was 
 thoroughly enjoyed by the crowd. 
 
 One of the main features of the day was the aero- 
 plane flight which lasted all afternoon, at times go- 
 ing above the clouds and dropping down through 
 them, doing the loop-the-loop and other thrilling 
 stunts. This was enjoyed by all present as the aero- 
 plane is not a common thing in this country yet, 
 but we expect to see it a common way of convey- 
 ance for long distance trips soon. 
 
 After supper the Windom and Lamberton bands 
 gave a concert on the court house grounds, this 
 closing the day's program. And the day had for- 
 tunately been spent without a single accident to 
 mar or spoil the effect of the day and every one 
 went home feeling that they had spent the day for 
 a purpose worth while. 
 
MMCfilAL i 
 
 
 
 
 aoy.y fcK! THE /=^frr rffey /o<'/i /r/THi: btfve^e 
 
 f/^r F'/'ir ^M't acCoRATtn -i TP^- ^tO-A'/Y .Soy's 
 
 Vf'A-. /'V /fOA^ofi, o/' 771 s vyyXA'<.w^ OBi^O 
 
 Ar A T^tr / "/o/v 
 
VETERANS OF THE CIVIL WAR. 
 
 George F. Robison (1) 
 John A. Brown (:i) 
 W. H. Jones (3) 
 R. H. Jefferson (4) 
 D. A. Noble (5) 
 R. R. Jenness (6) 
 Joseph Bailey (7) 
 Clark Seely (8) 
 
 W. W. Barlow (IT) 
 
 L. Anderson (9) 
 Wm. Skellie (10) 
 E. N. Peterson (11) 
 S. A. Wellington (12) 
 D. P. Langley (13) 
 Cor. Mead (14) 
 Ruel V. Byron (15) 
 Everett Hudson (16) 
 
 1917-18— Khaki and Blue— 1861-65 
 
 Memorial Day has a deep significance for all the 
 Americans. It is a national institution, and as 
 such it is bound to be preserved. 
 
 Time in its flight brings many new acts and actors 
 upon the stage of life, and for those of us who 
 participated in the services of Memorial Day, 1920, 
 we could not help but be impressed by the new set- 
 ting. Never was a more glorious act enacted, never 
 a more beautiful scene depicted. 
 
 We saw the boys of Gettysburg, and the boys of 
 Chateau Thierry. We saw intermingling the khaki 
 and the blue, united as brothers in a common pur- 
 pose, to pay loving tribute to the memory of fallen 
 comrades. 
 
 The days of valor, their deeds of heroism were far 
 apart, but their hearts beat in unison, and every 
 heartthrob was reflected in the radiance of their 
 countenance, as they gazed with eyes of reverence 
 and love, on that symbol of liljerty and justice — 
 The Stars and Stripes. 
 
 What a contrast between the little group of boys 
 in their faded coats of blue, and that column of 
 
 khaki-clad boys, that swung down the driveway ; be- 
 tween the forms bent with age, and the stalwart 
 manhood of youth. No one could fail to be im- 
 pressed with the one lingering in the twilight of 
 life, the other in the noonday of vigor. Yet those 
 two groups that presented so great a contrast were 
 most closely united. They represented one thing, 
 and one onh' — the Spirit of America. 
 
 Both well understood the rigors and hardsliips 
 of war. There was much in common in their lives. 
 One had fought to preserve the Union, to keep the 
 old flag waving; the other had fought for the honor 
 of the flag, and the principles for which it stands. 
 They both love that flag and when its glorious folds 
 are imfurled to the breeze, the boys of '61 and the 
 boys of '17 with one mighty heart throb salute the 
 emblem of liberty. 
 
 What a glorious heritage those boys of '61 have 
 transmitted to us, and today they but ask us to zeal- 
 ously guard, and to transmit to posterity the princi- 
 ples and institutions they have loved so well. 
 
 Dear old friends of the "Grand Army of the Re- 
 
public." We have learned to love you in your de- 
 clining years, better than before. .\s time places 
 his heavy hand upon your once stalwart form, we 
 are impelled to express our gratitude to 3'ou more 
 feelingly. 
 
 In your declining years we hasten to assure you 
 we love dearly the sound principles which have 
 filled your hearts and life. They shall ever be 
 protected from the foe, be he within or without 
 our nation. Most lovingly do you intrust to us 
 those traditions which are so beautiful and soul- 
 
 stirring. The boys of the American Legion are 
 worthy of your confidence. They have nobly de- 
 fended those principles. They are faithful sons of 
 noble fathers. .And when the last noble patriot of 
 the Grand Army of the Republic shall stand hovering 
 on the brink of eternity, when the film of death 
 shall dim his vision, when he shall exchange mor- 
 tality for the bright robe of immortality, his soul 
 shall be flooded with a vision of the boy of the 
 American Legion, standing with the sword in one 
 hand, and the Stars and Stripes in the other. 
 
 Army Divisions 
 
 A brief record of the various divisions, where they were formed, when they sailed for France, and their 
 record there, furnished by the National Geographic Magazine. 
 
 The F'irst Division was the first in France, its 
 headquarters arriving there June 27, 1017. and it 
 was the last complete division to return, in Septem- 
 ber, 1919. It was the first at the front, the first 
 to fire at the enemy, the first to attack, the first to 
 make a raid, the Inrst to suffer casualties and the 
 first to inflict casualties, and, finally, the first to 
 be cited in general orders. 
 
 It was in the Sommerville sector, southeast of 
 Nancy, October 21 to November 20, 1917; .Ansau- 
 ville sector January 15 to April 3, 1918 ; Cantigny 
 sector and the Battle of Cantigny April 25 to July 
 7 ; the Marne offensive July 18 to 24 ; Saizerais sec- 
 tor August 7 to 24 ; St. Mihiel operation September 
 12 and Vi; Meuse-Argonne offensive' October 1 to 
 12 ; operation against Mouzon and Sedan November 
 5 to 7 ; march on Coblenz November 17 to Decem- 
 ber 14. 
 
 In all, this division passed 9,S days in active sectors 
 and 127 in so-called quiet sectors ; but the word 
 ''quiet" is merely relative, because, no matter how 
 peaceful it may have been before, when occupied by 
 American troops the enemy had no rest, and for 
 their own protection the Germans were obliged to 
 reciprocate the attentions they received. 
 
 This division captured (),469 prisoners and ad- 
 vanced 51 kilometers against resistance, with a cas- 
 ualty list of 4,411 battle deaths and 17,201 wounded. 
 
 The second division was organized in France from 
 troops sent over separately. Its headquarters was 
 established October 26, 1917, and training as a 
 division began at once. 
 
 It was in the Verdun and Toul sectors March 
 15 to 24, 1918; Chateau-Thierry sector May 31 to 
 July 9, with almost continuous heavy fighting, in- 
 cluding the famous Belleau Wood operation ; Marne 
 offensive July 18 to 20; Marbache sector August 9 to 
 24; St. Mihiel sector, including the offensive opera- 
 tion there, September 9 to 16 ; Mont Blanc sector 
 and offensive in Champagne, September 28 to Oc- 
 tober 27 ; Meuse-.^rgonne offensive October 30 to 
 November 11. 
 
 The division passed C6 days in active sectors and 
 71 in quiet; it advanced 60 kilometers against resist- 
 ance, lost 4,478 killed and 17,752 wounded, and cap- 
 tured 12,026 of the enemy. 
 
 The Second led all our divisions in the number of 
 Distinguished Service crosses awarded, 664 being 
 the last ofiicial report, but it is undoubtedly greater 
 now. 
 
 The Third Division was organized in November, 
 1917, at Camp Greene, North Carolina, and went to 
 France in April, 1918; was in the Chateau-Thierry 
 
 sector May 31 to July 29, stopping the German at- 
 tack of July 15 to 18, the last of the enemy offen- 
 sives. Its conduct on that occasion earned for it 
 the title of the "Marne Division." 
 
 It was in the St. Mihiel sector September 10 to 
 14, Meuse-Argonne offensive September 30 to Octo- 
 ber 27, and marched on the Rhine November 14. 
 
 The Third was never stationed in a quiet sector, 
 but was 86 days in active sectors — more than any 
 other division with the exception of the First. It 
 advanced 41 kilometers against resistance, captured 
 2,240 prisoners, and lost 3,177 killed and 12,940 
 wounded, being exceeded in its casualty list by the 
 First and Second Divisions only. 
 
 The Fourth Division, like the Third, was organ- 
 ized in December, 1917, at Camp Greene, North Car- 
 olina. It went to France in May, 1918; from July 
 18 to 21 it operated with the Sixth French Army in 
 the offensive near Norroy and Hautevesnes ; August 
 3 to 12 it operated in the Vesle sector ; Toul sector, 
 September 7 to 15; Meuse-Argonne, September 25 
 to Octoljer 19. March on Coblenz November 20. 
 
 It captured 2,756 prisoners; advanced 24% kilo- 
 meters against resistance ; spent 7 days in a quiet 
 sector and 38 in active, and lost 2,611 killed and 
 9,893 wounded. Four ivy leaves, representing the 
 number of the division, constitute the insignia. 
 
 The Fifth Division was organized in November, 
 1917, at Camp Logan, Texas, and went to France 
 at the begining of Ma\', 1918. It served in the Col- 
 mar sector June 15 to July 16 ; St. Die sector July 
 16 to August 23; St. Mihiel operation September 11 
 to 17; Meuse-Argonne, October 12 to 22 and October 
 27 to November 11. 
 
 This division captured 2,356 prisoners ; advanced 
 29 kilometers against resistance ; spent 71 days in 
 quiet sectors and 32 in active ; lost 1.976 killed and 
 6,864 wounded. 
 
 The Sixth Division was organized in November, 
 1917, at Camp McClellan, .-Mabama, and arrived in 
 France in July, 1918. It occupied a sector in the 
 Vosges under French command September 3 to Oc- 
 tober 11 and was in reserve in the Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive November 2 to 11, spending 40 days in 
 quiet sectors and none in an active sector. It cap- 
 tured 12 prisoners and lost 93 killed and 453 wound- 
 ed. 
 
 This division is reported to liave marched more 
 than any other in the A. E. F., and was known as 
 the "Sight-seeing Si.xth." 
 
 The Seventh Division was organized at the begin- 
 ning of January, 1918, at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, 
 and went to France in August. It occupied a sector 
 
in Lorraine October 9 to November 11. It captured 
 (ii) prisoners, spent 31 days in quiet sector and 2 
 in active, and lost 296 killed and 1,397 wounded. 
 
 The Eighth Division was organized at Camp Fre- 
 mont, California, in December, 1917. When the 
 armistice was signed the artillery, engineers, and 
 one regiment of infantry (the Eighth, now on duty 
 at Coblenz) had left for France. The remainder of 
 the division was at the port ready to leave, but, as 
 all troop movements were at once suspended, the 
 division complete never reached France. Never- 
 theless, it lost 6 men killed and 29 wounded. It 
 received the name of the Pathfinder Division, which 
 is represented in the insignia by the gold arrow, 
 pointing upward. 
 
 The Tenth Division was organized at Camp Funs- 
 ton in August, 1918. It never reached France. 
 
 The Eleventh Division was organized at Camp 
 Meade, Maryland, in August, 1918, and, like all the 
 divisions numbered from 9 to 20 inclusive ; it never 
 left the United States. 
 
 The Twelfth Division was organized at Camp 
 Devens in July, 1918, and took the name of the 
 Plymouth Division because it was recruited mainly 
 from the New England States. 
 
 The Thirteenth Division was organized at Camp 
 Lewis, Washington, in September, 1918. The device 
 includes the two proverbial "bad luck" symbols, the 
 figure. 13 and a black cat, surrounded by the "good 
 luck" horseshoe, indicative of the doughboy's confi- 
 dence in his ability to overcome all hoodoos. 
 
 The Fourteenth Division was organized at Camp 
 Custer, Michigan, in July, 1918, and took the name 
 of the Wolverine Division, those animals having 
 been very common in Michigan in the early days. 
 The head of a wolverine appears on the insignia. 
 
 The Eighteenth Division was organized at Camp 
 Travis, Texas, in August. 1918, and acquired the 
 name of the Cactus Division, which appears on 
 the insignia, together with the Latin motto meaning 
 "Touch me not." 
 
 The Twenty-sixth Division is the first of the Na- 
 tional Guard divisions, and was formed from the 
 National Guard of the New England States. 
 
 The National Guard was called into the Federal 
 service in July, 1917, and drafted into the service, 
 under the provisions of the National Defense Act 
 of 191fi, on August .5, 1917 ; this made them eli- 
 gible for foreign service. The New England Guard 
 went into camp in their respective States, remaining 
 there until departtrre for France, which was in the 
 fall of that year. 
 
 The Twenty-sixth was the first National Guard 
 division to enter the line and was preceded in this 
 by the First Division only. It was in the Chemin 
 des Dames sector February 6 to March 18 ; La Reine 
 and Boucq sector March 31 to June 28 ; northwest of 
 Chateau-Thierry July 10 to 25 (which included the 
 Marne ofifensive) ; Rupt and Tryon sector September 
 8 to October 8 (which included the St. Mihiel op- 
 eration) ; north of Verdun, as Army reserve, Octo- 
 ber 18 to November 11. 
 
 This division spent 148 days in quiet sectors and 45 
 in active, being exceeded in total time under fire by 
 the First Division only. It captured 3,148 prisoners, 
 advanced 37 kilometers against resistance, and lost 
 2,135 killed and 11,325 wounded, standing sixth 
 among the divisions in the casualty list. It was 
 named the Yankee Division and used the initials 
 thereof for its insignia. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh Division was the New York 
 Division of the National Guard. After being drafted 
 into the Federal service it went to Camp Wadsworth, 
 South Carolina, remaining there until departure for 
 France, in May, 1918. Its entire active service in 
 Europe was with the British, as a part of the Second 
 Corps. It was in the East Poperinghe ( Belgium ) 
 line, four battalions at a time, from Julv 9 to Sep- 
 tember 3, 1918; in the Dickebusch sector, Belgium, 
 
 August 24 to September 3; the breaking of the Hin- 
 denburg line, September 24 to October 1 ; St. Soup- 
 let sector, October 12 to 21. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh spent 57 days in active sec- 
 tors — there were no quiet sectors on the British 
 front. It captured 2,357 prisoners, and advanced 11 
 kilometers against resistance, losing 1,785 killed and 
 7,201 wounded. 
 
 The Twenty-eighth, like the Twenty-seventh, was 
 an organized division in the National Guard. It 
 came from the State of Pennsylvania, New York 
 and Pennsylvania being the only two States with 
 complete divisions in their Guard at the outbreak 
 of the war. It was trained at Camp Hancock, 
 Georgia, leaving for France in May, 1918. 
 
 This division served in a sector southeast of 
 Chateau-Thierry June 30 to July 31, including the 
 defensive and offensive operations along the Marne; 
 Vesle sector, August 7 to September S ; Meuse- 
 Argonne operation, September 20 to October 9 ; 
 Thiaucourt sector, October 16 to November 11. It 
 was 31 days in quiet sectors and 49 in active, cap- 
 turing 921 prisoners ; it advanced 10 kilometers 
 against resistance and lost 2,551 killed and 11,429 
 wounded, the highest of any National Guard di- 
 vision, and was exceeded only by the First, Second, 
 and Third regular divisions. The Keystone of Penn- 
 sylvania was selected as its device. 
 
 The Twenty-ninth Division was organized at 
 Camp McClellan, Alabama, from the National Guard 
 of the States of New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, 
 Virginia, and the District of Columbia. It arrived 
 in France in June, 1918, and served in the Vosges 
 July 25 to September 22, and north of Verdun Oc- 
 tober 7 to 30. It spent 59 days in quiet sectors and 
 23 in active. It captured 2,187 prisoners, advanced 
 7 kilometers against resistance, and lost 951 killed 
 and 4,268 wounded. 
 
 Organized at Camp Sevier. South Carolina, from 
 the National Guard of Tennessee and North and 
 South Carolina, the Thirtieth Division arrived in 
 France in May, 1918, and served entirely with the 
 British, alongside the Twenty-seventh Division. It 
 was in the Canal sector, south of Ypres, July 16 to 
 August 17, being brigaded with the British at that 
 time ; then under American command in the same 
 sector to September 4 ; Gouy-Norroy sector, in- 
 cluding breaking the Hindenburg line, September 
 23 to October 3 ; Beaurevoir sector, October 5 to 
 12 ; Le Cateau sector, October 16 to 20. 
 
 Serving 56 days in active sectors, none in quiet, 
 the Division captured 3,848 prisoners, advanced 29% 
 kilometers against resistance, and lost 1,629 killed 
 and 7,325 wounded. 
 
 The Thirty-first Division was organized from the 
 National Guard of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 
 at Camp Wheeler, Georgia. It went to France in 
 October, 1918, and never entered the line. The in- 
 signia stands for the initials of the nickname, the 
 Dixie Division, and was used for marking the bag- 
 gage as early as November, 1917. 
 
 The Thirty-second Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Michigan and Wisconsin, at 
 Camp McArthur, Texas. It arrived in France in 
 February, 1918; served on the Alsace front Mav IS 
 to July 21 : Fismes front July 30 to August 7 ; Sois- 
 sons, August 28 to September :i ; Meuse-Argonne, 
 September 30 to October 20, including the operations 
 against the Kriemhild line; east of the Meuse, No- 
 vember 8 to 11 : in the Army of Occupation from 
 November 17. It spent 60 days in quiet sectors and 
 35 in active ; captured 2,153 prisoners, advanced 36 
 kilometers against resistance, and lost 2,915 killed and 
 10,477 wounded. The insignia of an arrow was se- 
 lected because they "shot through every line the 
 Boche put before them." 
 
 The Thirty-third Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Illinois, at Camp Logan, Tex- 
 as. It went to France in May. 1918; served in the 
 
Amiens sector with the Australians July 19 to 
 August 20, by detachments. From September 9 to 
 Noveniber 11 some units of the division were al- 
 ways in the line, serving north of Verdun and west 
 of the Meuse during the Meuse-Argonne operation. 
 For 32 days it served in quiet sectors and 37 in 
 active ; captured 3,987 prisoners, more than any other 
 National Guard division, and was surpassed in this 
 respect by only three in the Army, the First, Sec- 
 ond, and Eighty-ninth. It advanced 36 kilometers 
 against resistance and lost 989 killed and 6,206 
 wounded. 
 
 The Thirty-fourth Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, 
 and Nortli Dakota, at Camp Cody, New Mexico. It 
 went to France in September, 1918, but did not get 
 into the line. The bovine skull on the insignia is a 
 conventionalization of the Mexican water flask, and 
 with the name. Sandstorm Division, is strongly sug- 
 gestive of the State where the division was organ- 
 ized and trained. 
 
 The Thirty-fifth Division was organized from the 
 National Guard of Missouri and Kansas, at Camp 
 Doniphan, Oklahoma. It went to France in May, 
 191S, and served first, brigade at a time, in the 
 Vosges July 1 to 27 and July 27 to August 14. The 
 whole division served in the Gerardmer sector August 
 14 to September 2; Meuse-Argonne, September 21 
 to October 1; Sommedieu sector, October 16 to No- 
 vember 7. 
 
 The men of this division were 92 days in quiet 
 sectors and .5 in active; advanced 12% kilometers 
 against resistance, captured 781 prisoners, and lost 
 1,067 killed and 6,216 wounded. 
 
 The Thirty-sixth Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Texas and Oklahoma at Camp 
 Bowie, Te.xas. It went to France in July, 1918, and 
 served in the Champagne during the French offen- 
 sive there, October 6 to 28. It was 23 days in active 
 sector, none in quiet ; captured .549 prisoners, ad- 
 vanced 21 kilometers against resistance, and lost 600 
 killed and 1,928 wounded. The divisional insignia 
 is the letter "T," for Te.xas, superimposed on an 
 Indian arrow-head, for Oklahoma (not long ago 
 the Indian Territory). 
 
 The Thirty-seventh Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Ohio and West Virginia, at 
 Camp Sheridan, Alabama. It went to France in 
 June, 1918, and served in the Baccarat sector August 
 4 to September 16; Meuse-Argonne offensive, Sep- 
 tember 2.5 to October 1 ; St. Mihiel sector, October 
 7 to 16 ; on the Lys and Escaut rivers, in Flanders, 
 October 31 to November 4; Syngem sector (Bel- 
 gium), November 9 to 11 — a total of 50 days in quiet 
 sectors and 11 in active. It advanced 30 kilometers 
 against resistance, captured 3,848 prisoners, and lost 
 977 killed and 4,266 wounded. The insignia was 
 taken from the State flag of Ohio. 
 
 The Thirty-eighth Division was organized from 
 the National Guard of Indiana and Kentucky, at 
 Camp Shelby, Mississippi. It went to France in 
 October, 1918, but was never in the line. It was 
 called the Cyclone Division. 
 
 The Thirty-ninth Division was organized from the 
 National Guard of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ark- 
 ansas, at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. It went to 
 France in August, 1918, as a depot division from 
 which replacements were sent to the combat divisions 
 at the front; therefore it was never intended to be in 
 the line. It was stationed at St. Florent and sent 
 10,156 replacements to the front. 
 
 The Fortieth Division was organized from the 
 National Guard of California, LItah, Arizona, and 
 Colorado, at Camp Kearny, California. It went to 
 France in August, 1918, and, like the Thirty-ninth, 
 was a depot division, being stationed at La Guerthe, 
 and sent 16,327 replacements to the front. It was 
 known as the Sunshine Division, and the insignia 
 carries out the idea. 
 
 The Forty-first Division was organized from the 
 National Guard of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and 
 Wyoming, at Camp Greene, North Carolina, leaving 
 in December, 1917, for France. This was the first 
 depot division to go across and was stationed at St. 
 Aignan, Noyers, and sent 295,668 replacements to 
 the front, equivalent to more than ten complete di- 
 visions. It was known as the Sunset Division, and 
 its members wore as their distinguishing device a 
 sun setting over the blue waters of the Pacific. 
 
 The Forty-second Division was organized from 
 National Guard units left over after the formation 
 of the preceding sixteen divisions, and 26 States 
 contributed ; hence the popular name of the Rain- 
 bow Division, which is carried out in the insignia. 
 This organization arrived in France in November, 
 1917, and served in Lorraine, February 17 to June 
 21, part of the time under French command ; east 
 of Rheims, July 5 to 17 (including the last Ger- 
 man offensive) ; Trugny and Beuvardes, July 25 to 
 August 3; St. Mihiel operation, September 13 to 30; 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive, October 13 to 31; and 
 again, November 5 to 10. 
 
 The Rainbow Troops served 125 days in quiet sec- 
 tors and 39 in active, advancing 55 kilometers against 
 resistance, more than any other National Guard di- 
 vision, and was excelled' in this particular only by 
 the Second and Seventy-seventh Divisions. It cap- 
 tured 1,317 prisoners and lost 2,644 killed and 11,275 
 wounded. 
 
 The Seventy-sixth Division and those following, 
 to include the Ninety-second, were known as Na- 
 tional Army divisions and were organized from the 
 first draft in September, 1918. The Seventy-sixth 
 was composed of men from the New England" States 
 and northern New York State and was stationed at 
 Camp Devens, Massachusetts. It went to France 
 in July, 1918, and was a depot division, stationed at 
 St. Amand-Montrond and sent 19,971 replacements 
 to the front. 
 
 Men from southern New York, including New 
 York City, comprised the Seventy-seventh Division. 
 It was organized at Camp LIpton, Long Island, and 
 went to France in April, 1918, the first National 
 Army division to go overseas. It served in the 
 Baccarat sector, Lorraine, June 20 to August 4 ; on 
 the Vesle, August 12 to September 16; Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne offensive, September 26 to October 16, where 
 it was the extreme left of the American army, and 
 again from October 31 to November 11. It spent 
 47 days in quiet sectors and 66 in active, the total 
 under fire being more than any other National Army 
 division and the service in active sectors being equal 
 to that of the Second Division and exceeded only 
 by the First and Third Divisions, all three being 
 regular divisions. 
 
 The Seventy-seventh advanced 71% kilometers 
 against resistance, more than any other division ; 
 captured 750 prisoners, and lost 1,992 killed and 
 8,505 wounded, again more than any other National 
 Army division. 
 
 The Seventy-eighth Division was made up of men 
 from western New York State, New Jersey, and 
 Delaware, and was stationed at Camp Dix, New Jer- 
 sey. It went to France in June, 1918, and served 
 in the Limey, September 16 to October 4; the Meuse- 
 Argonne, October 16 to November 5, in which it 
 relieved the Seventy-seventh Divison on the ex- 
 treme left wing of the American army. It ad- 
 vanced 21 kilometers against resistance, spent 17 
 days in quiet sectors and 21 in active, captured 432 
 prisoners, and lost 1,384 killed and 5,861 wounded. 
 The Seventy-ninth Division was formed of men 
 from eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia and was stationed at Camp Meade, 
 Maryland. It went to France in July, 1918, and 
 served in the Meuse-Argonne September 16 to 30, 
 capturing Montfaucon. It served in the Troyon 
 sector on the heights east of the Meuse, October 8 
 
to 25, and in the Grande Montague sector October 
 29 to November 11. It spent 28 days in quiet sectors 
 and 17 in active, advanced 19% kilometers against 
 resistance, captured 1,077 prisoners, and lost 1.419 
 I<il]ed and 5,331 wounded. 
 
 The Eightieth Division was formed of men from 
 western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Virginia, 
 and was stationed at Camp Lee, Virginia. It went to 
 France in May, 191S, and served on the Artois front, 
 brigaded with the British, July 23 to August 18 ; St. 
 Mihiel offensive, September 12 to 14 ; Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne offensive, September 25 to 29 ; also October 4 
 to 12, and November 1 to (i. It was only one day 
 in a quiet sector, 17 in active sectors ; advanced .38 
 kilometers against resistance, captured 1,813 pris- 
 oners, and lost 1,132 killed and 5,000 wounded — a 
 heavy record for only IS days of fighting. Known 
 as the Blue Ridge Division. 
 
 The Eighty-first Division was comppsed of men 
 from the two Carolinas, Florida and Porto Rico, and 
 was stationed at Camp Jackson, South Carolina. It 
 went to France in August, 1918, and served in the 
 St. Die sector, brigaded with the French, Septem- 
 ber 18 to October 19; Sommedieu sector, November 
 7 to 11. It was 31 days in quiet sectors, advanced 
 5% kilometers against resistance, captured 101 pris- 
 oners, and lost 251 killed and 973 wounded. 
 
 Men from Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee com- 
 prised the Eighty-second Division, stationed at Camp 
 Gordon, Georgia. It went to France in May, 1918, 
 the second National Army division to go overseas, 
 and went into the line on June 25, in the Lagny sec- 
 tor, brigaded with the French, remaining there till 
 August 10 ; Marbache sector, August 17 "to Septem- 
 ber 20, including the St. Mihiel offensive; Meuse- 
 Argonne oft'ensive, September 30 to October 31. It 
 was 70 days in quiet and 27 in active sectors; ad- 
 vanced 17 kilometers against resistance, captured 
 845 prisoners, and lost 1,298 killed and fi.248 wound- 
 ed. 
 
 The letters "A. A." stand for All American, the 
 name by which the division was known. 
 
 The Eighty-third Division was formed of men 
 from Ohio and West Virginia and was stationed at 
 Camp Sherman, Ohio. It went to France in June, 
 1918, and was a depot division at Le Mans, sending 
 193,221 replacements to the front. One regiment, 
 the Thirty-third, served in Italy and was in the 
 battle of Vittorio-Veneto. 
 
 The Eighty-fourth Division was formed of men 
 from Indiana, Kentucky and southern Illinois, and 
 was stationed at Camp Taylor, Kentucky. It went 
 to France in September, 1918, but never got into the 
 line. 
 
 The Eighty-fifth Division was formed of men 
 from Michigan and Wisconsin and was stationed at 
 Camp Custer, Michigan. It went to France in Au.g- 
 ust, 1918, was a depot division stationed at Cosnes, 
 and sent 3,948 replacements to the front. It was 
 known as the Custer Division, in honor of General 
 Custer. One of the infantry regiments, the Three 
 Hundred and Thirty-ninth, served in northern Rus- 
 sia. 
 
 The Eighty-sixth Division was formed of men from 
 northern Illinois and was stationed at Camp Grant, 
 Illinois. It went to France in September, 1918, nev- 
 er getting into the line. It was known as the Black 
 Hawk Division. 
 
 The Eighty-seventh Division was formed of men 
 from Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi and was 
 stationed at Camp Pike, Arkansas. It went to 
 France in September, 1918, and never got into the 
 line. 
 
 The Eighty-eighth Division was formed of men 
 from North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa and western 
 Illinois and was stationed at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 It went to France in August, 1918, and served in 
 Alsace from October 7 to November 5 ; 28 days in 
 
 a quiet sector, none in active sectors. It captured 
 three prisoners and lost 29 killed and 89 wounded 
 
 The Eighty-ninth Division was formed of men 
 from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado and was sta- 
 tioned at Camp Funston, Kansas. It went to France 
 in June, 1918, and went into the line in Auo-ust 
 northwest of Toul ; it was at St. Mihiel, in the%ec- 
 tor Eois de Bouchot, and in the Meuse-Argonne of- 
 fensive. It was 55 days in quiet and 28 in active 
 sectors and advanced 48 kilometers against resist- 
 ance, the second best record in this respect of the 
 National Army divisions and exceeded by only five 
 of the A. E. F. divisions. It captured 5,061 prison- 
 ers, the third best record in the A. E. F., being sur- 
 passed only by the First and Second Divisions It 
 lost 1,433 killed and 5,858 wounded. 
 
 The division was known as the Middle West Di- 
 vision. 
 
 The Ninetieth Division was formed of men from 
 Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, and 
 was stationed at Camp Travis, Texas. It went to 
 France in June, 1918, and served in the Saizerais 
 sector August 24 to October 10, including the St. 
 Mihiel operation; Meuse-Argonne offensive, October 
 19 to November 11. It was 42 days in quiet sec- 
 tors and 26 in active; advanced 28% kilometers 
 against resistance, captured 1,876 prisoners, and lost 
 1,392 killed and 5,885 wounded. 
 
 The Ninety-first Division, formed by men from 
 Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Ne- 
 vada, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah, was stationed 
 at Camp Lewis, Washington. It went to France 
 in July, 1918, and served in the Meuse-Argonne of- 
 fensive September 20 to October 3 ; west of Escaut 
 River, Belgium, October 30 to November 4; east of 
 Escaut River, November 10 to 11. The division 
 spent 15 days in quiet sectors and 14 in active; ad- 
 vanced 34 kilometers against resistance, captured 
 2,412 prisoners, and lost 1,414 killed and 4,364 wound- 
 ed. 
 
 The Ninety-second Division was formed of col- 
 ored troops from all States, and before leaving for 
 France, in June, 1918, was divided among several 
 camps— Dodge, Dix, and Meade containing the larg- 
 est units. It served in the St. Die sector, Vosges, 
 August 29 to September 20; Meuse-Argonne offen- 
 sive, September 24 to 30; Marbache sector, October 
 9 to November 11. It was 51 days in quiet sectors 
 and 2 days in active; advanced H miles against re- 
 sistance, captured 38 prisoners, and lost 176 killed 
 and 14,466 wounded. 
 
 The Ninety-third Division was never complete. It 
 was formed of colored troops from all sections and 
 went^ to France in April, 1918. There a provisional 
 division was organized of these scattered units. It 
 never had any artillery ■ and was brigaded with the 
 French from July 1 until the signing of the armis- 
 tice, losing 584 killed and 2,582 wounded. 
 
 The First Corps — Normally a corps was supposed 
 to consist of four divisions, but this was by no 
 means always followed. Neither was any corps 
 constant in the divisions assigned to it. One would 
 be withdrawn and another substituted, according to 
 the exigencies of the occasion. So it is impossible 
 to give the composition of the corps which will be 
 correct for all dates 
 
 During the St. Mihiel offensive the F'irst Corps 
 consisted of the Second, Fifth, Eighty-second, and 
 Ninetieth Divisions and the Seventy-eighth in re- 
 serve and was the right of the attack, the Eighty- 
 second being the pivot on wliich the right wing 
 turned. 
 
 At the beginning of the Meuse-Argonne operation 
 the First Corps consisted of the Thirty-fifth, Twen- 
 ty eighth and Seventy-seventh Divisions in the line, 
 with the Ninety-second in reserve. On this occa- 
 sion it was the left of the American army, the Sev- 
 enty-seventh Division being on the extreme left, 
 ne.xt to the French, until relieved by the Seventy- 
 
eiglitli, which was later reHeved l)y the Forty-sec- 
 ond. 
 
 After the armistice the First Corps consisted of 
 the Thirty-sixth, Seventy-eighth, and Eightieth Di- 
 visions. 
 
 The Second Corps contained only the Twenty- 
 seventh and Thirtieth Divisions and operated with 
 the British. 
 
 The Third Corps during the St. Miliiel offensive 
 was on the iVIeuse, making preparations for the 
 forthcoming Meuse-Argonne drive, which it opened 
 with the Thirty-third, Eightieth, and Fourth Di- 
 visions in the line and the Third in reserve. It was 
 the right wing of the operation, the Thirty-third be- 
 ing the extreme right of the movement along the 
 Meuse for the first few days. 
 
 In the reorganization after the armistice the Third 
 Corps consisted of the Second, Thirty-second, and 
 Forty-second Divisions and was stationed in the oc- 
 cupied German territory. 
 
 The Fourth Corps at St. Mihiel consisted of the 
 First, Forty-second and Eighty-ninth Divisions, with 
 the Third in reserve. It was the left wing of the at- 
 tack from the east side of the salient. The Eighty- 
 ninth was next to the First Corps, on the right, 
 while the F'irst was the left flank of the movement, 
 making contact with the attack from the west side 
 the second day. 
 
 During the Meuse-Argonne drive the Fourth Corps 
 held the St. Mihiel sector, but with different divi- 
 sions. 
 
 In the reorganization after the armistice the Fourth 
 Corps consisted of the First, Third, and Fourth Di- 
 visions and was stationed in the occupied German 
 territory. 
 
 The Fifth Corps at St. Mihiel consisted of the 
 Fourth. Twenty-sixth, and one French colonial 
 division. It was the left wing, attacking from the 
 west side of the salient. The Fourth Division was 
 on the extreme left, the pivot of that flank, and 
 the Twenty-sixth on the right, making contact with 
 the First Division from the other side of the salient 
 on the second day. 
 
 In the Meuse-Argonne the Fifth Corps commenced 
 the attack with the Seventy-ninth, Thirty-seventh, 
 and Ninety-first Divisions in the line and the Thir- 
 ty-second in reserve. It formed the center, having 
 the Third Corps on its right and the First Corps 
 on its left. 
 
 In the reorganization after the armistice the F'ifth 
 Corps consisted of the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-ninth, 
 and Eighty-second Divisions. 
 
 The Si.xth Corps did not participate in the fight- 
 ing. After the armistice it consisted of the Sev- 
 enth, Twenty-eighth and Ninety-second Divisions 
 and was engaged in salvage work on the battle- 
 fields. 
 
 The Seventh Corps was organized to form part 
 of the Third Army and consisted of the Fifth, 
 Eighty-ninth and Ninetieth Divisions, being sta- 
 tioned in Luxembourg as a reserve for the troops 
 in the occupied German territory. 
 
 The Eighth Corps in the reorganization after the 
 armistice consisted of the Sixth, Seventy-seventh, 
 and Eighty-first Divisions. 
 
 The Ninth Corps consisted of the Thirty-third and 
 Thirty-fifth Divisions and was engaged in salvage 
 work on the battlefields. 
 
 Before America entered the war there were sev- 
 eral ambulance companies of Americans in the 
 French army ; these were all taken into our army, 
 forming the Ambulance Service, which adopted the 
 well-known Gallic rooster as its insignia, represent- 
 ing its former service with the French. 
 
 The expedition to north Russia consisted of the 
 Three Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infantry, a bat- 
 talion of the Three Hundred and Tenth Engineers, 
 the Three Hundred and Thirty-seventh Ambulance 
 Compatiy, the Three Hundred and Thirty-seventh 
 Field Hospital, and the One Hundred and Sixty- 
 seventh and One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Com- 
 panies of the Transportation Corps. The Infantry 
 arrived in Russia in August, 1918, the other units 
 at varying times up to April, 1919. The expedition 
 was withdrawn in June, 1919. returning to the 
 United States. The expedition co-operated with 
 the forces of the Allies in their operations against 
 the Bolshevist troops and lost 109 killed in action 
 and 30,5 wounded. The maximum strength of the 
 expedition was 5,6a0 on June 1. 1919. 
 
 Camp Pontanezen was at Brest, through which 
 the majority of the A. E. F. passed on their way 
 home. The insignia represents the ,duck boards 
 necessitated by the mud at Brest. 
 
 Before America entered the war a number of 
 Americans were in the French motor transport ser- 
 vice ; they were later taken into the United States 
 Army, but a number were left with the French, con- 
 stituting the Reserve Mallet, so named after the 
 commanding officer. Captain Mallet, of the French 
 Army. 
 
 The Thirteenth Engineers was a heavy railroad 
 regiment and operated around Verdun. 
 
Home Again 
 
 There were awful times in Europe, ah, tlie horrors! who can tell! 
 All the imps were out of prison, all the devils out of hell. 
 And our own fair land was menaced by the war god's flaming breath, 
 When the call came o'er the waters, save, oh save us from this death. 
 
 Then our boys leaped into action with an energy divine. 
 
 When their general, Uncle Sammie, called them to the khaki line ; 
 
 From the farm lands, hamlets, cities, to the blood-strewn fields of France, 
 
 They were marshalled with precision, with scarce time for backward glance. 
 
 Then with gun and Hymg squadron, with the Yankee "pep" and vim. 
 There they met the world's opponent, took the ginger out of him ; 
 Knocked, from his creaking head-wheels, all the rattling, jangling spokes. 
 Made him know the least he wanted, was the world and all its folks. 
 
 Then they laid aside their weapons, crossed again the ocean's foam. 
 Put their khakis up in moth-balls, donned their "civies." Welcome home ! 
 Now the future waits their conquest ; they'll build castles in the air, 
 Make the most of every moment, play the game and play it fair. 
 
WAR CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Chief Events from Beginning to the Signing of the Armistice — iqiS 
 
 1914 
 
 June 28 — Murder at Sarajevo of the Archduke Francis 
 Ferdinand. 
 
 July 23 — Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia. 
 
 July 28 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. 
 
 July 31 — General mobilization in Russia. "State of 
 war" declared in Germany. 
 
 Aug. 1 — Germany declared war on Russia and invaded 
 Luxemburg. 
 
 Aug. 2 — German ultimatum to Belgium, demanding a 
 free passage for her troops across Belgium. 
 
 Aug. 3 — Germany declares war on France. 
 
 Aug. 4 — Great Britain's ultimatum to Germany demand- 
 ing assurance that neutrality of Belgium would be 
 respected. War declared by Great Britain on Ger- 
 many. 
 
 Aug. 4 — President Wilson proclaimed neutrality of 
 United States. 
 
 Aug. 4-26 — Belgium overrun; Liege occupied (Aug. 9) ; 
 Brussels (Aug. 20) ; Namur (Aug. 24). 
 
 Aug. 6 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. 
 
 Aug. 10 — France declares war on Austria-Hungary. 
 
 Aug. 12 — Great Britain declares war on Austria- 
 Hungary. 
 
 Aug. 16 — British expeditionary force landed in France. 
 
 Aug. IS — Russia completes mobilization and invades 
 East Prussia. 
 
 Aug. 21-23 — Battle of Mons Charleroi. Dogged re- 
 treat of French and British in the face of the Ger- 
 man invasion. 
 
 Aug. 23 — Tsingtau bombarded by Japanese. 
 
 Aug. 25-Dec. 15 — Russians overrun Galicia. Lemberg 
 taken (Sept. 2) ; Przemysl first attacked (Sept. 16) ; 
 siege broken (Oct. 12-Nov. 12). Fall of Przemysl 
 (March 17, 1915). Dec. 4, Russians 3% miles from 
 Cracow. 
 
 Aug. 26 — Germans destroyed Louvain. 
 
 —Allies conquer Togoland, in Africa. 
 
 ■ — Russians severly defeated at Battle of Tannenberg, 
 in East Prussia. 
 
 Aug. 28 — British naval victory in Helgoland Bight. 
 
 Aug. 31 — Allies line along the Seine, Marne and Meuse 
 Rivers. 
 
 — Name St. Petersburg changed to Petrograd by Rus- 
 sian decree. 
 
 Sept. 3 — French Government removed (temporarily) 
 from Paris to Bordeaux. 
 
 Sept. 5 — Great Britain, France and Russia sign a treaty 
 not to make peace separately. 
 
 Sept. 6-10 — Battle of tlie Marae. Germans reach the 
 extreme point of their advance ; driven back by the 
 French from the Marne to the River Aisne. The bat- 
 tle line then remained practically stationary for three 
 years (front of 300 miles). 
 
 Sept. 7 — Germans take Maubeuge. 
 
 Sept. 11 — An Austrian expedition captures New Guinea 
 and the Bismarck Archipelago Protectorate. 
 
 Sept. 16 — Russians, under Gen. Rennenkampf, driven 
 from East Prussia. 
 
 Sept. 22 — Three British armored cruisers sunk by a 
 submarine. 
 
 Sept. 27 — Successful invasion of German Southwest 
 Africa by Gen. Botha. 
 
 Oct. 9 — Germans occupy Antwerp. 
 
 Oct. 13 — Belgian Government withdraws to Le Havre, 
 
 in France. Germans occupy Ghent. 
 Oct. 16-28— Battle of the Yser, in Flanders. Belgians 
 and French halt German advance. 
 
 Oct. 17-Nov. 17 — French, Belgians and British repulse 
 German drive in first battle of Ypres, saving Channel 
 ports (decisive day of battle, Oct. 31). 
 
 Oct. 21 — The sale of alcohol forbidden in Russia until 
 the end of the war. 
 
 Oct. 21-28 — German armies driven back in Poland. 
 
 Oct. 28 — De Wet's Rebellion in South Africa. 
 
 Nov. 1 — German naval victory in the Pacific, ofif the 
 coast of Chili. 
 
 Nov. 3 — German naval raid into English waters. 
 
 Nov. 5 — Great Britain declared war on Turkey ; Cyprus 
 annexed. 
 
 Nov. 7 — Fall of Tsingtau to the Japanese. 
 
 Nov. 10-Dec. 14 — Austrian invasion of Serbia (Bel- 
 grade taken Dec. 2, recaptured by Serbians Dec. 14). 
 
 Nov. 10 — German cruiser Emden caught and destroyed 
 at Cocos Island. 
 
 Nov. 13 — Proclamation by the President of the United 
 States of neutrality of the Panama Canal Zone. 
 
 Nov. 21 — Basra, on Persian Gulf, occupied by British. 
 
 Dec. 8 — British naval victory off the Falkland Islands. 
 
 — South African rebellion collapses. 
 
 Dec. 9 — French Government returned to Paris. 
 
 Dec. 16 — German warships bombarded West Hartle- 
 pool, Scarborough and Whitby. 
 
 Dec. 17 — Egypt proclaimed a British Protectorate, and 
 a new ruler appointed with title of Sultan. 
 
 Dec. 24 — First German air raid on England. 
 
 1915 
 
 Jan. 1-Feb. 15 — Russians attempt to cross the Carpa- 
 thians. 
 
 Jan. 7 — The sale of absinthe forbidden in France for 
 the duration of the war. 
 
 Jan. 20 — American neutrality explained and defended 
 by Secretary of State Bryan. 
 
 Jan. 24 — British naval victory in North Sea ofif Dogger- 
 bank. 
 
 Jan. 25 — Second Russian invasion of East Prussia. 
 
 Jan. 28 — American merchantman William P. Frye sunk 
 by German cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich. 
 
 Feb. 4 — Germany's proclamation of "war zone" around 
 the British isles after Feb. IS. 
 
 Feb. 10 — United States note holding German Govern- 
 ment to a "strict accountability" if any merchant ves- 
 sel of the United States is destroyed or any American 
 citizens lose their lives. 
 
 Feb. 16 — Germany's reply stating "war-zone" act is an 
 act of self-defense against illegal methods employed 
 by Great Britain in preventing commerce between 
 Germany and neutral countries. 
 
 Feb. IS — German official "blockade" of Great Britain 
 commenced. German submarines begin campaign of 
 "piracy and pillage." 
 
 Feb. 19 — Anglo-French squadron bombards Darda- 
 nelles. 
 
 Feb. 20 — United States sends identic note to Great 
 Britain and Germany suggesting an agreement be- 
 tween these two powers respecting the conduct of 
 naval warfare. 
 
 Feb. 28 — Germany's reply to identic note, 
 
 March 1 — Announcement of British "blockade;" "Or- 
 ders in Council" issued to prevent commodities of any 
 kind from reaching or leaving Germany. 
 
 March 10 — British capture Neuve Chapelle. 
 
 March 17 — Russians captured Przemysl and strength- 
 ened their hold on the greater part of Galicia. 
 
 March 28 — British steamship Falaba attacked by sub- 
 marine and sunk (111 lives lost; 1 American). 
 
April 2 — Russians fighting in the Carpathians. 
 
 April 8— Steamer Harpalyce, in service of American 
 Commission for Aid of Belgium, torpedoed; 15 lives 
 lost. 
 
 April 17-May 17— Second Battle of Ypres. British cap- 
 tured Hill 60 (April 19) ; (April 23) ; Germans ad- 
 vanced toward Yser Canal. Asphyxiating gas em- 
 ployed by the Germans. Failure of Germany to break 
 through the British lines. 
 
 April 32— German Embassy sends out a warning against 
 embarkation on vessels belonging to Great Britain. 
 
 April 26— Allied troops land on the Gallipoli Peninsula. 
 
 April 28— American vessel Gushing attacked by German 
 aeroplane. 
 
 April 30 — Germans invade the Bakic Provinces of 
 Russia. 
 
 May 1 — American steamship Gulflight sunk by German 
 submarine; 3 Americans lost. Warning of German 
 Embassy published in daily papers. Lusitania sails 
 at 13:20 noon. 
 
 May 2— Russians forced by the combined Germans and 
 Austrians to retire from their positions in the Car- 
 pathians. (Battle of the Dunajec.) 
 
 May 7— Cunard Line steamship Lusitania sunk by Ger- 
 man submarine (1,154 lives lost, 114 being Ameri- 
 cans). 
 
 May 8— Germans occupy Libau, Russian port on the 
 Baltic. 
 
 May 9-June— Battle of Artois, or Festubert (near La 
 Bassee). 
 
 May 10— Message of sympathy from Germany on loss 
 of American lives by sinking of Lusitania. 
 
 May 12— South African troops, under Gen. Botha, oc- 
 cupy capital of German Southwest Africa. 
 
 May 13— American note protests against submarine pol- 
 icy culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania. 
 
 Mav 23 — Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary. 
 
 May 2.5 — Coalition Cabinet formed in Great Britain ; 
 Asquith continues to be Prime Minister. 
 American steamship Nebraskan attacked bv submar- 
 ine. 
 
 May 28— Germany's answer to American note of Mav 
 13. 
 
 June 1— Supplementary note from Germany in regard 
 to the Gulflight and Gushing. 
 
 June 3 — Przemysl retaken by Germans and Austrians. 
 
 June 8— Resignation of William J. Bryan, Secretarv of 
 State. 
 
 June 9 — Monfalcone occupied by Italians, severing one 
 of two railway lines to Trieste. 
 
 — United States sends second note on Lusitania case. 
 
 June 22— The Austro-Germans recapture Lemberg. 
 
 July 2 — Naval action between Russian and German 
 warships in the Baltic. 
 
 July 8 — Germany sends reply to note of June 9 and 
 pledges safety to Ilnited States vessels in war zone 
 under specified conditions. 
 
 July 1.5— Germany sends memorandum acknowledging 
 submarine attack on Nebraskan and expresses regret 
 
 — Conquest of German Southwest Africa completed. 
 
 July 21 — Third American note on Lusitania case de- 
 clares Germany's communication of July 8 "very un- 
 satisfactory." 
 
 July 13-Sept. 18— German conquest of Russian Poland. 
 Germans capture Lubin (July 31), Warsaw (Aug. 41, 
 Ivangorod (Aug. 5), Kovno (Aug. 17), Nowogeor- 
 giewsk (Aug. 19), Brest-Litovsk (Aug. 35), Vilna 
 (Sept. 18). 
 
 July 25— American steamship Leelanaw sunk by sub- 
 marine; carrying contraband; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 4 — Capture of Warsaw by Germans. 
 
 Aug. 15 — National registration in Great Britain. 
 
 Aug. 19— White Star liner Arabic sunk by submarine; 
 16 victims, 3 Americans. 
 
 Aug. 30 — Italy declared war on Turkey. 
 
 II 
 
 Aug. 24 — German Ambassador sends note in regard to 
 Arabic. Loss of American lives contrary to intention 
 of the German Government and is deeply regretted. 
 Sept 1— Letter from Ambassador von Bernstorff to 
 Secretary Lansing giving assurance that German sub- 
 marines will sink no more liners without warning. 
 Indorsed by the German Foreign OfKce (Sept. 14). 
 Sept. 4 — Allan liner Hesperian sunk by German sub- 
 
 manne; 26 lives lost, 1 American. 
 Sept. 7 — German Government sends report on the sink- 
 ing of the Arabic. 
 Sept 8 — United States demands recall of Austro- 
 
 Hungarian Ambassador, Dr. Dumba. 
 Sept 14 — United States sends summary of evidence in 
 
 regard to Arabic. 
 Sept. 18— Fall of Vilna ; end of Russian retreat. 
 Sept. 35-Oct.— French offensive in Champagne fails to 
 
 break through German lines. 
 Sept. 27— British progress in the neighborhood of Loos. 
 Oct. 4 — Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria. 
 Oct. 5 — Allied forces land at Salonica, at the invita- 
 tion of the Greek Government. 
 Oct 5— German Government regrets and disavows sink- 
 ing of Arabic and is prepared to pay indemnities. 
 Oct. 6-Dec. 2— Austro-German-Bulgarian conquest of 
 Serbia. Fall of Nish (Nov. 5), of Prizrend (Nov 
 30), of Monastir (Dec. 3). 
 Oct. 14 — Great Britain declared war against Bulgaria. 
 Oct. 20 — German note on the evidence" in the Arabic 
 
 case. 
 Nov. 10 — Russian forces advance on Teheran as a re- 
 sult of pro-German activities in Persia. 
 Dec. 1— British, under Gen. Townshend, forced to re- 
 treat from Ctesiphon to Kut-el-Amara. 
 Dec. 4— United States Government demands recall of 
 Capt. Karl Boy-Ed, German naval attache, and Capt. 
 Franz von Papen, military attache. 
 Dec. 6 — Germans captured Ipek (Montenegro). 
 Dec. 10 — Boy-Ed and von Papen recalled. 
 Dec. 13 — British defeat Arabs on western frontier of 
 
 Egypt. 
 Dec. 15— Sir John French retired from command of 
 the army in France and Flanders, and is succeeded 
 by Sir Douglas Haig. 
 Dec. 17 — Russians occupied Hamadan (Persia). 
 Dec. 19 — The British forces withdrawn from Anzac and 
 
 Sulva Bay (Galipoli Peninsula). 
 Dec. 26 — Russian forces in Persia occupied Kashan. 
 Dec. 30— British passenger steamer Persia sunk in Med- 
 iterranean, presumably by submarine. 
 
 1916 
 
 Jan. 8 — Complete evacuation of Gallipoli. 
 
 Jan. 13— Fall of Cettinje, capital of Montenegro. 
 
 Jan. 18 — United States Government sets forth a decla- 
 ration of principles regarding submarine attacks and 
 asks whether the Governments of the Allies would 
 subscribe to such an agreement. 
 
 Jan. 38— Austrians occupy San Giovanni de Medici (Al- 
 bania). 
 
 Feb. 10— Germany sends memorandum to neutral pow- 
 ers that armed merchant ships will be treated as 
 warships and will be sunk without warning. 
 
 Feb. 15— Secretary Lansing makes statement that by 
 international law commercial vessels have right to 
 carry arms in self-defense. 
 
 Feb. 16 — Germany sends note acknowledging her lia- 
 bility in the Lusitania affair. 
 
 — Kamerun (Africa) conquered. 
 
 Feb. 21-July— Battle of Verdun. Germans take Fort 
 Douaumont (Feb. 25). Great losses of Germans with 
 little results. Practically all the ground lost was 
 slowly regained by the French in the autumn. 
 
 Feb. 34— President Wilson in letter to Senator Stone 
 refuses to advise American citizens not to travel on 
 armed merchant ships. 
 
 Feb. 27— Russians captured Kermanshah (Persia). 
 
March 8 — German Ambassador communicates memo- 
 randum regarding U-boat question, stating it is a 
 new weapon not yet regulated by international law. 
 
 March 8 — Germany declares war on Portugal. 
 
 March 19 — Russians entered Ispahan (Persia). 
 
 March 24 — -French steamer Sussex is torpedoed with- 
 out warning ; about 80 passengers, including Ameri- 
 can citizens, are killed or wounded. 
 
 March 25 — Department of State issues memorandum in 
 regard to armed merchant vessels in neutral ports 
 and on the high seas. 
 
 March 27-29 — United States Government instructs 
 American Ambassador in Berlin, to inquire into sink- 
 ing of Sussex and other vessels. 
 
 April 10 — German Government replies to United States 
 notes of March 27, 28, 29, on the sinking of Sussex 
 and other vessels. 
 
 April 17 — Russians capture Trebizond. 
 
 April 18 — United States delivers what is considered an 
 ultimatum that unless Germany abandons present 
 methods of submarine warfare United States will 
 sever diplomatic relations. 
 
 April 19 — President addressed Congress on relations 
 with Germany. 
 
 April 24-May 1 — Insurrection in Ireland. 
 
 April 29— Gen. Townshend surrendered to the Turks 
 before Kut-el-Amara. 
 
 May 4 — Reply of Germany acknowledges sinking of 
 the Sussex and in the main meets demands of the 
 United States. 
 
 May 8 — United States Government accepts German po- 
 sition as outlined in note of May 4, but makes it clear 
 that the fulfilment of these conditions cannot de- 
 pend upon the negotiations between the United States 
 and any other belligerent Government. 
 
 May 16-June 3— Great Austrian attack on the Italians 
 through the Trentino. 
 
 May 19— Russians join British on the Tigris. 
 
 May 24 — Military service (conscription) bill becomes 
 law in Great Britain. 
 
 May 27 — President in address before League to En- 
 force Peace says United States is ready to join any 
 practical league for preserving peace and guarantee- 
 ing political and territorial integrity of nations. 
 
 May 31— Naval battle off Jutland. 
 
 June 4-30— Russian offensive in Volhynia and Buko- 
 wina. Czernovitz taken (June 17) ; all Bukowina 
 overrun. 
 
 June 5 — Lord Kitchener drowned. 
 
 June 21— United States demands apology and repara- 
 tion from Austria-Hungary for sinking by Austrian 
 submarine of Petrolite, an American vessel. 
 
 July 1-Nov.— Battle of the Somme. Combles taken 
 (Sept. 20). Failure of the Allies to break the Ger- 
 man lines. 
 
 Aug. 6-Sept. — New Italian offensive drives out Aus- 
 
 trians and wins Gorizia (Aug. 9). 
 Aug. 27 — Italy declares war on Germany. 
 Aug. 27-Jan. IS — Roumania enters war on the side 
 
 of the Allies and is crushed. (Fall of Bucharest, 
 
 Dec. 6; Dobrudja conquered Jan. 2; Focsani captured 
 
 Jan. 8.) 
 
 Sept. 7— Senate ratifies purchase of Danish West In- 
 dies. 
 
 Oct. 8— German submarine appears off American coast 
 and sinks British passenger steamer Stephano. 
 
 Oct. 28 — British steamer Marina sunk without warning 
 (6 Americans lost). 
 
 Nov. 6 — British liner Arabia torpedoed and sunk with- 
 out warning in Mediterranean. 
 
 Nov. 29— United States protests against Belgian de- 
 portations. 
 
 Dec. 5-6— Fall of Asquith Ministry; Llovd George new 
 Prime Minister. 
 
 Dec. 12— German peace offer. Refused (Dec. 30) by 
 Allies as "empty and insipcere." 
 
 Dec. 14 — British horse transport ship Russian sunk in 
 Mediterranean by submarine (17 Americans lost). 
 
 Dec. 20— President Wilson's peace note (dated Dec. 
 18). Germany replies (Dec. 26). Entente Allies' 
 reply (Jan. 10) demands "restoration, reparation, 
 indemnities." 
 
 1917 
 
 Jan. 10— The Allied Governments state their terms of 
 peace ; a separate note from Belgium included. 
 
 Jan. 11 — Supplemented German note on views as to set- 
 tlement of war. 
 
 Jan. 13 — Great Britain amplifies reply to President's 
 note of Dec. 18. Favors co-operation to preserve 
 peace. 
 
 Jan. 22 — President Wilson addresses the Senate, giv- 
 ing his ideas of steps necessary for world peace. 
 
 Jan. 31 — Germany announces unrestricted submarine 
 warfare in specified zones. 
 
 Feb. 3 — United States severs diplomatic relations with 
 Germany; Bernstorff dismissed. 
 
 Feb. 12— United States replied to Swiss Minister that 
 it will not negotiate with Germany until submarine 
 order is withdrawn. 
 
 Feb. 18 — Italians and French join in Albania, cutting 
 off Greece from the Central Powers. 
 
 Feb. 24 — Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under Gen. 
 Maude (campaign begun Dec. 13). 
 
 Feb. 26— President Wilson asks authority to arm mer- 
 chant ships. 
 
 Feb. 28 — "Zimmerman note" revealed. 
 
 March 4 — Announced that the British had taken over 
 from the French the entire Somme front ; British 
 held on west front 100 miles, French 175 mile.s, Bel- 
 gians 25 miles. 
 
 March 11 — Bagdad captured by British, under Gen 
 Maude. 
 
 March 11-15— Revolution in Russia, leading to abdi- 
 cation of Czar Nicholas 11 (March IS). Provisional 
 Government formed by Constitutional Democrats, 
 under Prince Lvoff and M. Milyukoff. 
 
 March 12 — United States announced that an armed 
 guard would be placed on all American merchant ves- 
 sels sailing through the war zone. 
 
 March 17-19— Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg 
 line." Evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French 
 territory, on front of 100 miles, from Arras to Sois- 
 sons. 
 
 March 22— United States formally recognized the new 
 Government of Russia set up as a result of the revo- 
 lution. 
 
 March 26 — The United States refused the proposal of 
 
 Germany to interpret and supplement the Prussian 
 
 Treaty of 1799. 
 March 27— Minister Brand Whitlock and American 
 
 Relief Commission withdrawn from Belgium- 
 April 2— President Wilson a.sks Congress to declare 
 
 the existence of a state of war with Germany. 
 April 6— United States declares war on Germany. 
 April 8 — Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations 
 
 with the United States. 
 April 9-May 14 — British successes in Battle of Arras 
 
 (Vimy Ridge taken April 9'>. 
 April 16-May 6 — French successes in Battle of the 
 
 Aisne between Soissons and Rheims. 
 Aprii 20— Turkey severs relations with United States. 
 May 4 — American destroyers begin co-operation with 
 
 British Navy in war zone. 
 May IS-Sept. 15- Great Italian offensive on Isonzo 
 
 front (Carso Plateau). Capture of Gorizia (Aug 
 
 9). Monte Santo taken Aug. 24. Monte San Gabri- 
 
 elle, Sept. 14. 
 Alay 15 — Gen. Retain succeeds Gen. Nivelle as com- 
 mander in chief of the French armies. 
 May 17 — Russian Provisional GovernmeiM reconstructed 
 
 Kerensky (former Minister of Justice) becomes 
 
 Minister of War. Milyukoff resigns. 
 May i8 — President Wilson signs Selective Service Act. 
 
 Ill 
 
June 3 — American mission to Russia lands at Vladi- 
 vostok ("Root Mission"). Returns to America 
 Aug. 3. 
 
 June 7 — British blow up Messines Ridge, south of 
 Ypres, and capture 7,500 German prisoners. 
 
 June 10 — Italian offensive on Trentino. 
 
 June 13 — King Constantine of Greece forced to abdi- 
 cate. 
 
 June 15 — Subscriptions close for First Libert}' Loan 
 ($3,000,000,000 offered; $3,035,336,850 subscribed). 
 
 June 26 — First American troops reach France. 
 
 June 39 — Greece enters war against Germany and her 
 allies. 
 
 July 1 — Russian Army, led in person by Kerensky, be- 
 gins a short-line offensive in Galicia, ending in disas- 
 trous retreat (July 19- Aug. 3). 
 
 July 4 — Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German 
 Chancellor. Dr. George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 
 14). 
 
 July 20 — Drawing at Washington of names for first 
 army under selective service. 
 
 July 30 — Kerensky becomes Premier on resignation 
 of Prince Lvoff. 
 
 July 30 — ]\'Iutiny in German fleet at Wilhelmshaven and 
 Kiel. Second mutiny, Sept. 3. 
 
 July 31-Nov. — Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele 
 Ridge) ; British successes. 
 
 Aug. 10 — Food and Fuel Control Bill passed. 
 
 Aug. 15 — Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed 
 (dated Aug. 1). LInited States replies, Aug. 27; 
 Germany and Austria, Sept. 31 ; supplementary Ger- 
 man reply, Sept. 36. 
 
 Aug. 15 — Canadians capture Hill 70. dominating Lens. 
 
 Aug. 19 — New Italian drive on the Isonzo front (Carso 
 Plateau). Monte Santo captured (Aug. 34). 
 
 Aug. 30-24 — French attacks at Verdun recapture high 
 ground lost in 1916. 
 
 Sept. 3 — Riga captured by Germans. 
 
 Sept. 8 — Luxburg despatches ("spurlos versenkt") re- 
 vealed by LTnited States. 
 
 Sept. 10-13 — Attempted coup d'etat of Gen. Korniloff. 
 
 Sept. 15 — Russia proclaimed a republic. 
 
 Oct. 13 — Germans occupy Oesel and Dago Islands (Gulf 
 of Riga). 
 
 Oct. 17 — Russians defeated in a naval engagement in 
 the Gulf of Riga. 
 
 Oct. 24-Dec. — Great German-Austrian counter drive in- 
 to Italy. Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago 
 Plateau, and Brenta River. 
 
 Oct. 23-26 — French drive north of the Aisne wins im- 
 portant positions, including Malmaison Fort. 
 
 Oct. 26 — Brazil declares war on Germany. 
 
 Oct. 37— Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 
 offered; $4,617,532,300 subscribed). 
 
 Oct. 30 — Count von Hertling succeeds Michaelis as 
 German Chancellor. 
 
 Nov. 2 — Germans retreat from the Chemin des Dames, 
 north of the Aisne. 
 
 Nov. 3 — First clash of Americans with German soldiers. 
 
 Nov. 7 — Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Gov- 
 ernment of Russia by the Bolsheviki. 
 
 Nov. 13 — Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Pre- 
 mier. 
 
 Nov. 18 — British forces in Palestine take Jaffa. 
 
 Nov. 22-Dec. 13 — Battle of Cambrai. Successful sur- 
 prise attack near Cambrai by British, under Gen. 
 Byng, on Nov. 33 (employs "tanks" to break down 
 wire entanglements in place of the usual artillery 
 preparations). Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai, 
 taken Nov. 26. Surprise counter attack by Ger- 
 mans, Dec. 3, compels British to give up fourth of 
 ground gained. German attacks on Dec. 13 partly 
 successful. 
 
 Nov. 39 — First plenary session of the Inter-AUicd Con- 
 ference in F<iris. Sixteen nations represented. Col. 
 E. M. House, Chairman of American delegation. 
 
 Dec. 5 — President Wilson, in message to Congress, ad- 
 vises war on Austria. 
 
 Dec. 6 — United States destroyer Jacob Jones sunk by 
 submarine, with loss of over 60 American men. 
 
 — Explosion of munitions vessel wrecks Halifax. 
 
 Dec. 6-9 — Armed revolt overthrows pro-Ally Admin- 
 istration in Portugal. 
 
 Dec. 7 — United States declares war on Austria-Hun- 
 gary. 
 
 Dec. 9 — Jerusalem captured by British force advanc- 
 ing from Egypt. 
 
 Dec. 10 — Gens. Kaledines and Korniloff declared by 
 the Bolshevik Government to be leading a Cossack 
 revolt. 
 
 Dec. 13 — Berlin announces armistice negotiations with 
 Russia begin Dec. 14. 
 
 — German aerial bombs kill several United States rail- 
 way engineers, and two engineers die from gunshot 
 wounds. 
 
 — Chinese troops arrive at Harbin, Manchuria, oust 
 Russians and prevent Bolsheviki gaining control of 
 city. 
 
 Dec. 14 — Austro-German forces on Italian front win 
 a sector. 
 
 — Premier Lloyd George in speech to lawyers at Gray's 
 Inn declares England in accord with President Wil- 
 son's statement of war aims. 
 
 — Cuban Senate declares state of war with Austria- 
 Hungary. 
 
 Dec. 15 — Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain 
 France and Italy represented, organizes in London, 
 elects Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury 
 Oscar T. Crosby, President. 
 
 — Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government 
 and Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk. 
 
 Dec. 16 — Explosion in Zeppelin works at Friedrichs- 
 hafen kills and injures many. 
 
 — Zeppelin bomb factory near Kiel is destroyed by ex- 
 plosion. 
 
 Dec. 17 — German raid in North Sea destroys convoyed 
 merchant fleet (1 British, 5 neutral ships), a British 
 destroyer and 4 armed trawlers; a cruiser squadron 
 picks up survivors. 
 
 — United States submarine F-3 rams and sinks United 
 States submarine F-1, in American waters (19 lives 
 lost). 
 
 Dec. IS — Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid 
 London, kill 10, injure 70; two of the raiders are 
 brought down. 
 
 Dec. 19 — British Admiralty reports past week's U boat 
 losses — 17 merchantmen (14 over 1,600 tons), 1 fish- 
 ing vessel. 
 
 — Official report received in Washington, D. C, from 
 France, says the Turks sent to Berlin the monstrance 
 of brilliants, and carried off the treasure of the 
 Church of the Holy Sepulcher, before surrendering 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Dec. 30 — Germans claim 8,390 prisoners on Italian front 
 since Dec. 11. 
 
 — Premier Lloyd George addresses House of Commons 
 on Britain's peace terms. 
 
 Dec. 22 — British armed steamship Stephen Furness is 
 sunk in Irish Channel by German submarine. 
 
 — At Essen, Germany, explosion in electric power sta- 
 tion in Krupp plant causes a 33-hour fire. 
 
 — Three British destroyers are sunk off Dutch coast 
 by mines or torpedoes ; 193 lives lost. 
 
 Dec. 33 — Gen. Guillaumat succeeds Sarrail as Com- 
 mander in Chief of Allied forces at Salonica. 
 
 Dec. 24 — Germans break through Italian positions in 
 Asiago sector but are stopped by counter attacks 
 near Buso Monte Salbella. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Mannheim on the Rhine. 
 
 Dec. 35 — Berlin reports capture on Italian front of 
 Col del Rosso and 9,000 prisoners. 
 
 — France and Germany agree through Swiss Govern- 
 ment for exchange of prisoners of 48 years or over, 
 officers to be interned in Switzerland. 
 
 IV 
 
Dec. 26 — At Harbin, Manchuria, Russian Maximalist 
 troops surrender to Chinese, after a fight. 
 
 — Vice Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemj'ss appointed First 
 Sea Lord of the Admiralty, succeeding Sir John R. 
 Jellicoe. 
 
 Dec. 27 — Turkish army defeated by British in attempt 
 to retake Jerusalem. 
 
 Dec. 28 — Three British torpedo boat destroyers sunk 
 either by mines or torpedoes off coast of Holland ; 
 13 officers, ISO men lost. 
 
 Dec. 30 — Fighting renewed on Cambrai front. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby's forces occupy Bireh, SVz miles north of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 — In Monte Tomba sector, Italy, French forces pierce 
 German lines, capture 1,400 prisoners, 60 machine 
 guns, 7 cannon and large quantity of other war ma- 
 terial. 
 
 —British transport torpedoed in Eastern Mediterran- 
 ean; loss 800; British destroyer picking up survivors 
 also sunk. 
 
 Dec. 31 — Mercantile fleet auxiliary Osmanieh sunk by 
 a mine. 
 
 — British Food Controller, Baron Rhondda, orders ra- 
 tioning of sugar — % pound per capita, per week, ob- 
 tained by card. 
 
 1918 
 
 Jan. 2 — Between Lens and St. Quentin German raids 
 on British lines repulsed with heavy enemy losses. 
 
 — Austro-German invaders defeated in thrust at Ven- 
 ice. 
 
 — Five enemy airplanes are brought down on Italian 
 front. 
 
 ■ — Germany demands of Russia, Poland, Courland, Es- 
 thonia and Lithuania. 
 
 ■ — .Alexandrovsk occupied by Cossacks without resis- 
 tance. 
 
 — Marie Corelli, novelist, fined by British Food Con- 
 troller for having too much sugar. 
 
 Jan. 4 — Lieut. "Hobey" Baker, former Princeton foot- 
 ball captain, brings down German airplane in his 
 first war flight. . 
 
 Jan. 5 — In speech to trades unions Lloyd George sets 
 forth Great Britain's war aims. 
 
 Jan. 7 — In mutiny at Kiel. German naval base subma- 
 rine crews kill 38 of their officers. 
 
 — British patrol boats capture 2 German submarines 
 off Canary Islands. 
 
 —Earl Reading. Lord Chief Justice of England, ap- 
 pointed British High Commissioner to LTnited States. 
 
 —British War Office states captures and losses during 
 1917; captures, prisoners on all fronts, 114,544; guns, 
 781 ; losses, prisoners, 28,379 ; guns, 166. 
 
 Jan. 8 — Italian Government prohibits making and sale 
 of cake, confectionery and pastry. 
 
 Jan. 9 — British destroyer Raccoon strikes rock on Irish 
 coast and is lost, with crew of 105. 
 
 — British hospital ship Rewa torpedoed in British Chan- 
 nel ; three of crew missing; wounded soldiers safely 
 landed. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports for past week — arrivals, 
 2,085; sailings, 2,244; merchantmen sunk, 21 (18 over 
 1,600 tons) ; 4 fishing vessels. 
 
 Jan. 12 — Two British torpedo boat destroyers lost on 
 Scotch coast, but one man saved. 
 
 — United States steamship Nyanza sinks a German 
 submarine. 
 
 Jan. 13 — Italian airmen drop 2 tons of explosives on 
 storehouses and encampments at Primolano, an im- 
 portant railway station. 
 
 — French War Minister puts postal and telegraph serv- 
 ice under military control. 
 
 — Premier Clemenceau orders arrest in Paris of for- 
 mer Premier Caillaux on charge of treason. 
 
 Jan. 14 — British airplanes drop bombs on steel works 
 at Thionville. between Luxemburg and Metz, and on 
 two large railway junctions near Metz. 
 
 — Germans bombard Yarmouth, killing 3. 
 
 — Attempt is made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine. 
 
 Jan. 18 — Prussian Chamber of Lords reaffirms exclu- 
 sive right of German Emperor to make war or peace. 
 — Premier Lloyd George addressing Trades Union Con- 
 ference, declares "We must either go on or go un- 
 der." 
 
 Jan. 20 — British Admiralty announces sinking in ac- 
 tion at entrance to Dardanelles Turkish cruiser Mi- 
 dulla, formerly the German Breslau, and beaching 
 the Sultan Yawuz Selim, formerly German Goeben ; 
 the British losing monitor Raglan and small monitor 
 M-28; British lose 178 men; Turks, 198. 
 
 — Ostend bombarded by Allied naval forces. 
 
 Jan. 21 — On French front Allied airplanes bomb Cour- 
 trai, Roulers and Rumbeke, and raiding into Germany, 
 bomb steel works at Thionville and railway sidings 
 at Bernstoff and Arnaville. 
 
 — Armed boarding steamer Louvain sunk in Mediter- 
 ranean; 217 lost. 
 
 — Sir Edward Carson. Minister without portfolio, re- 
 signs from British War Cabinet. 
 
 — Petrograd reports murders of A. I. Shingareff and 
 Prof. F. F. Kokoshkine, Kerensky Minister of Fi- 
 nance and State Comptroller. 
 
 — Washington reports abandonment of Gen. von Falk- 
 enhayn's plan to reorganize Turkish army because of 
 desertion of 160,000 Turkish troops between Constan- 
 tinople and Palestine. 
 
 — Gen. Szetezair Boroevic. a Slav, succeeds Archduke 
 Charles as commander of Austrian forces on Italian 
 front. 
 
 Jan. 22 — Baron Rhondda, British Food Controller, de- 
 crees Tuesdays and Fridays to be meatless days in 
 London district ; Wednesdays and Fridays in other 
 parts of kingdom. 
 
 Jan. 2,3 — Germans gain footing east of Nieuport, but 
 are expelled in counter attack. 
 
 Jan. 24 — On Monte Tomba front Germans move de- 
 fense lines back from Piave River westward to Monte 
 Spinoncia. 
 
 — British airmen raid railway stations at Courtrai and 
 Ledeghem, Belgium, and at Douai, France; Mann- 
 heim on the Rhine, steel works at Thionville, rail- 
 way stations at Saarbrucken and OberbiUig ; 7 Ger- 
 man machines are brought down, 5 driven out of 
 control. 
 
 Jan. 25 — Count von Hertling discusses President Wil- 
 son's programme of war and peace in Reichstag, and 
 outlines Germany's peace terms. 
 
 — In address to Foreign Affairs, Committee of Reichs- 
 rat. Count Czernin, Foreign Minister, outlines Austro- 
 Hungarian proposals. 
 
 Jan. 26 — In past week British lose 9 ships of over 1,600 
 tons by submarines. 
 
 —Austrian airmen bomb Treviso and Mestre, 2 Ameri- 
 cans killed. 
 
 — Germans claim to have downed 25 Allied machines 
 by gunfire in 4 days. 
 
 — Emperor Charles, as King of Hungary, accepts res- 
 ignation of Hungarian cabinet and directs Premier 
 Dr. Wekerle to form a new one. 
 
 Jan. 27 — Cunarder Andania torpedoed off the Ulster 
 coast. 
 
 Jan. 28 — In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau 
 Italian forces capture Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, 
 and 1,500 prisoners. 
 
 — The Irish steamship Cork sunk by torpedo ; 13 lost. 
 
 — Roumanians capture Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia. 
 
 — French Chamber of Deputies decrees a per diem 
 bread ration of 300 grams (about 11 ounces). 
 
 Jan. 29 — latlians break German lines east of Asiago 
 Plateau and disperse reinforcements ; take Monte di 
 Val Bella, 2,600 prisoners, 100 machine guns. 
 
 — Allied aviators attack Zeebrugge. 
 
 — German airplanes raid London, kill 47, injure 169. 
 
 Jan. 30 — British line advances near Antioch in Pales- 
 tine. 
 
 V 
 
Jan. 30— Armed escort vessel Mechanician torpedoed in 
 English Channel, 13 men lost. 
 
 —Germans make air raid on Paris, kill 36, injure 190. 
 
 — Smce launching of unrestricted suhmarine warfare 
 on Feb. 1, 1917, 69 United States ships (171,061 gross 
 tons) have been sunk by submarines, mines and raid- 
 ers; 300 persons drowned; 107 German and Austrian 
 ships (686,494 gross tons) in United States ports 
 have been seized; 426 vessels (2,000,000 tons) requi- 
 sitioned by Shipping Board. Great Britain lost from 
 Jan. 1, 1917, to Jan. 26. 1918, 1,169 ships. Total ton- 
 nage lost by Allies and neutrtls in same period 
 6,617,000. 
 
 —London reports strikes in Berlin and incendiary fires 
 in Vienna. 
 
 Jan. 31— It is for the first time announced that United 
 States troops are occupying first line trenches. Ger- 
 mans raid American line, kill 2, wound 4, 1 missinf 
 
 —British penetrate Mukhmas in Palestine. 
 
 Feb. 1— War Trade Board's regulations to prevent 
 goods leaving United States in neutral bottoms and 
 to make it impossible for ships to supplv submarines 
 go into effect. 
 
 —Major Gen. Peyton C. March made Chief of General 
 Staff. Italians advance to head of Melago Valley 
 Roumanians occupy Kishineff. Bolsheviki seize Rou- 
 manian ships in Black Sea ; capture Odessa and Oren- 
 burg. Tartars in Ba.xhchisarai announce establish- 
 ment of Crimean Republic. 
 
 Feb. 2— Germans repulsed at Monte di Val Bella. 
 
 Feb. 3— Germans bombard Lorraine sector ; kill 2 Amer- 
 icans ; wound 9. 
 
 Feb. 4— Trial begun at Paris of Bolo Pasha for trea- 
 son Emperor Charles of Austria names Gens von 
 Boehm-Ermolli and Boroevic Field Marshals Can- 
 adian Fuel Controller orders factories to suspend 
 work Feb. 9, 10 and 11, and closes golf, yaclit, canoe 
 hunt and country clubs during February and March 
 except on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Bolsheviki 
 take^ Niepin in Minsk. Petrograd Soviet decrees sep- 
 aration of church and state. Tartars occupy Yalta 
 in launda, and advance on Sebastopol. Austrian 
 airmen bomb Treviso, wreck church of San Lorenzo • 
 kill 8 citizens. 
 
 Feb. S— United States steamer Alamance torpedoed: 
 6 of crew lost. 
 
 —Enemy airplanes bomb Venice, Mestre and Tre- 
 viso: no casualties. Italians bring down 5 enemy 
 planes. 
 
 —United States transport Tuscania torpedoed off Irish 
 coast; loss 101. 
 
 ~?^-n^ J i"'^^ beginning of war German U boats had 
 killed 14,120 British non-combatant men, women and 
 children is stated in House of Commons. 
 
 Feb. 6— Allied naval forces bombard Ostend. 
 
 —"Loyal" White Guards of Finland occupy Uleaborg 
 and Tammerfors. 
 
 —Field Marshal von Mackensen sends ultimatum to 
 Roumanian Government, demanding peace negotia- 
 tions begin within 4 days; Roumanian Cabinet re- 
 signs. 
 
 —Italian aviator drops a ton of bombs on hostile avia- 
 tion grounds at Molta di Livenza. 
 
 Feb. 7— Spain protests to Germany against the looting 
 and torpedoing of Spanish steamer Giralda Jan. 26. 
 
 —Announcement made that steamship service between 
 Asiatic ports of Russia and Constantinople in Black 
 Sea had been resumed Jan. 11, and Russians were 
 supplying Turks with food. 
 
 —Swedish steamship Fridland, loaded with grain from 
 United States port, torpedoed ; 6 men killed. 
 
 Feb. 8— White Guards of Finland capture Viborg. Uk- 
 rainians claim victory over Bolsheviki at Sarny. M. 
 Holubovicz named Premier of the Ukraine. Bolshe- 
 viki fail in attempt to occupy Kieff. Turkish For- 
 eign Minister Nessimy Bey, addressing Chamber of 
 Deputies, expresses accord with Czernin and Hert- 
 ling. 
 
 VI 
 
 Feb. 9 — Central Powers and Ukraine sign peace treaty. 
 Madrid reports Spanish steamship Sebastian and Ital- 
 ian steamship Duca di Genova torpedoed in Spanish 
 waters. Poles capture Smolensk. Russia declares 
 state of war over and orders demobilization. 
 
 Feb. 11 — West of Brenta River Italians shatter violent 
 Austrian attack. 
 
 — Italian torpedo craft enter Buccari Bay and sink at 
 anchor largest Austrian steamer there. 
 
 Feb. 12 — The eighth session of the longest Parliament 
 in modern times opens in London. 
 
 — The British Government declines to recognize the 
 Brest-Litovsk treaty of peace. 
 
 — French air squadrons drop four tons of bombs on 
 railroad stations at Thionville, Conflans, Schemblez 
 and ]\Ietz-Sablon. 
 
 Feb. 13 — On western front United States batteries aid 
 in raid in Champagne district. 
 
 — Test vote in House of Commons sustains Lloyd 
 George. 
 
 — Sinking of Spanish ship Ceferino announced. 
 
 — The British Admiralty reports the week's losses bv 
 mine or submarine, 19 merchantmen, 13 over 1,600 
 tons, and 3 fishing craft. 
 
 — Rome reports 4 Italian merchantmen of over 1,600 
 tons sunk in week ending Feb. 9. 
 
 — The Norwegian Legation in London reports Nor- 
 way's loss of tonnage from the beginning of the war 
 to the end of January as 1,050,583 and 883 seamen. 
 
 Feb. 14 — Paris court martial finds Bolo Pasha guilty 
 of treason, sentences him to death, a co-defendant, 
 Filippo Cavallinie, under arrest in Itah', sentenced 
 to death. Darius Porchere sentenced to 3 years' im- 
 prisonment. 
 
 Feb. IS — The President issues proclamation making 
 foreign commerce of United States subject to license 
 control. 
 
 — A flotilla of German destroyers in the Straits of 
 Dover sink 8 British patrol boats. 
 
 — Germany renews war on Russia. 
 
 Feb. 16 — In battle for Kieff Bolsheviki defeat Ukrain- 
 ians. 
 
 —Sir William Robertson, Chief of British Imperial 
 Staff, resigns and is succeeded l\y Sir Henry H. Wil- 
 son. 
 
 — A German submarine bombards Dover, England. 
 
 Feb. 17 — Lord Northcliffe is appointed Director of 
 Propaganda in enemy countries. 
 
 — German aviators attack Dover, England and Dun- 
 kirk. France. 
 
 Feb. 16, 17 and 18 — German airplanes raid London, but 
 do little damage. 
 
 Feb. 18 — Petrograd despatch announces capture of Kieff 
 by Bolsheviki ; casualties, 4,000 killed, 7,000 wounded. 
 
 — The Bolsheviki pass decree that on Feb. 14 (old 
 style) Russian calendar shall be made to correspond 
 to English calendar, thus changing from old style to 
 new style. 
 
 Feb. 19 — Lloyd George addresses House of Commons, 
 refers to decision of Supreme War Council at Ver- 
 sailles, and to argument of American delegation for 
 unified leadership. 
 
 — Petrograd confirms report of seizure by Swedish 
 forces of Aland Islands, held by Bolshevik troops. 
 
 Feb. 20 — British Admiralty reports for week : Arriv- 
 als, 2,322; sailings, 2,393'; merchantmen sunk. 15 (12 
 of more tlian 1,600 tons) ; 1 fishing vessel. During 
 the same week, Rome reports 2 steamships of 1,500 
 tons lost and 1 sailing vessel. 
 
 Feb. 21 — An economic agreement with Spain is signed 
 in Madrid whereby Gen. Pershing gets mules and 
 army blankets in return for cotton and oil. 
 
 — London reports German troops advancing into Russia 
 on front extending from shores of Esthonia to south- 
 ern border of Volhynia; Minsk entered and Rovno 
 taken. Germans said to have captured 9,125 prison- 
 ers, 1,353 cannon, 5.000 motor cars, 1,000 railroad 
 cars loaded with grain, airplanes and war material. 
 
Feb. 21 — British troops occupy Jericho, 14 miles from 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 — United States steamship Philadelphian, with cargo of 
 foodstufifs, sunk by German submarine. 
 
 Feb. 22 — United States troops are in the Chemin des 
 Dames sector, the Aisne, France. 
 
 — United States War Trade Board secures agreement 
 with Norway's commissioners by which Norway 
 guarantees imports from United States will not Teach 
 Germany, and limits its own exports to that coun- 
 try. 
 
 — A Berlin despatch says the Ukraine and Germany 
 have signed peace treaty. 
 
 — London reports Jericho occupied by British forces 
 with little opposition. 
 
 — Five Entente airmen bomb Innsbruck, capital of 
 Austrian Tyrol, hit German Consulate and soldiers' 
 trains. 
 
 — British aerial squadron bombard enemy aviation 
 grounds near Oderzo-Portogruare railway on Italian 
 front ; bring down a enemy planes. 
 
 Feb. 23 — The United States and Japanese Embassies 
 and Chinese, Siamese and Brizilian Legations leave 
 Petrograd for Vologda, 270 miles east of Petrograd. 
 
 — Madrid reports Spanish steamer Mar Caspio sunk by 
 German submarine; crew saved. 
 
 — Copenhagen reports capture by a British cruiser of 
 German steamship Diisseldorf. 
 
 —Edward J. Loughran of New York killed in aerial 
 combat with 4 enemy machines on western front. 
 
 Feb. 24 — London despatch says Bolshevik leaders have 
 accepted German peace conditions. Premier Lenine 
 declares Russian Army is demoralized and refuses 
 to fight. 
 
 — More troops are sent to Ireland, west and south, to 
 repress outbreaks. 
 
 Feb. 25 — In speech to Reichstag Count von Hertling 
 intimates a partial agreement with the four principles 
 of peace enunciated by President Wilson, with res- 
 ervation that the principles must be recognized by 
 all states and peoples. 
 
 — A rationing system goes into effect for meat and but- 
 ter in London and adjoining districts. 
 
 Feb. 2G — Roumania decides to make peace with Cen- 
 tral Powers. 
 
 — Madrid reports sinking of Spanish steamship Neguri 
 by German submarine. 
 
 — The British hospital ship Glenart Castle torpedoed 
 in Bristol Channel ; Red Cross doctors, nurses and 
 orderlies lost; 34 saved out of 200 on board. 
 
 — British Air Ministry reports Royal Flying Corps on 
 western front Feb. 15 to 32, brought down 75 enemy 
 planes, drove 130 out of control ; 28 Allied machines 
 missing. 
 
 — German airmen drop bombs on Venice in night raid, 
 the Royal Palace is struck and three churches dam- 
 aged, 1 person killed, 15 wounded. 
 
 Feb. 27 — Japan proposes joint military operations with 
 Allies in Siberia to save military and other supplies. 
 
 —Mr. Balfour, British Foreign Secretary, says in 
 House of Commons he is unable to find any basis 
 for peace in Chancellor von Hertling's speech. 
 
 —British steamship Tiberia sunk by submarine; crew 
 saved. 
 
 — London reports losses by mines or submarines for 
 past week, IS British merchantmen, 14 over 1,400 
 tons ; 7 fishing vessels. In previous week, 15, 12 over 
 1,600 tons. Week preceding that, 19, 13 over 1,600 
 tons. 
 
 March 1 — Gens. Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by 
 Bolsheviki near Rostof-on-Don. 
 
 —British armed mercantile cruiser Calgarian torpedoed 
 and sunk ofif the Irish coast, with loss of 3 officers, 
 46 men. 
 
 — Germans reach Dnieper River, 400 miles south of 
 Petrograd, 280 miles north of Kieff. 
 
 — German torpedo boat and two mine sweepers sunk 
 by mines off Vlieland Island. 
 
 — Major Gen. Peyton C. March, LTnited States Chief 
 of Staff, arrives at New York from France. 
 
 — United States war cost for February $1,003,878,608 
 (loans to Allies, $335,000,000). 
 
 March 2— Kiefif, held by Bolsheviki since Feb. 8, oc- 
 cupied by German and Ukrainian troops. 
 
 March 3 — By treaty of peace with four Central Pow- 
 ers signed at Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviki agree to evac- 
 uate Ukrania, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the 
 Aland Islands and Trans-Caucasian districts of Eri- 
 van, Kars and Batum. 
 
 — Sweden protests against German occupation of Fin- 
 land. 
 
 — Germans claim to have captured in Russian advance 
 6.800 officers. 57,000 men, 3.400 guns, 5,000 machine 
 guns, 800 locomotives and thousands of motor vehi- 
 cles and trucks. 
 
 March 4 — Germany and Finland sign treaty. 
 
 — British, French and Italian Ambassadors in Tokio 
 ask Japan to safeguard Allied interests in Siberia. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Havna (1,150 tons) torpedoed 
 by German submarine without warning; 9 die from 
 exposure. 
 
 — Washington announces building of $25,000,000 ord- 
 nance base in France. 
 
 March 5 — In Lorraine sector United States troops of 
 "Rainbow Division" (New York City) repel German 
 raid and take prisoners. 
 
 — Roumania signs preliminary treaty with Central Pow- 
 ers; gives up Dobrudja to the Danube; agrees to 
 certain economic measures and trade route to Black 
 Sea. 
 
 March 6 — United States troops hold 4% miles of battle 
 front "somewhere in France." 
 
 — British Admiralty reports for past week: IS mer- 
 chantmen sunk (12, 1,600 tons or over). 
 
 ^Capt. Sato Yamamoto. Japanese Naval Attache in 
 Rome, arrives in New York City, reports 15 U boats 
 destroyed in Mediterranean last month by United 
 States, Japanese, British, French and Italian destroy- 
 ers. 
 
 March 7 — German airplanes raid London at night ; kill 
 11, injure 46. 
 
 — British Chancellor of E.xchequer in House of Com- 
 mons moves credit of $3,000,000,000, states that at 
 end of March national debt will be $29,500,000,000; 
 loans to Allies total $6,320,000,000. 
 
 March 8 — In Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attack 
 
 on mile front ; English counter attack. 
 — Spanish Cabinet resigns. 
 
 March 9 — Germans advance north of Poelderhoek take 
 200 yards of trenches ; British win back lost ground 
 and repulse raid east of Neuve Chapelle. 
 
 — On Lorraine front United States forces bombard and 
 obliterate over a mile of German trenches. 
 
 — United States casualty list shows : Killed in action, 
 19 ; from gas, 2 ; in aero accidents, 2 ; auto accident, 
 1 ; of disease, 13 ; severely wounded, 36 ; slightly 
 wounded, 36. 
 
 — Russian capital moves from Petrograd to Moscow. 
 
 — British forces m Palestine advance about a mile and 
 three-quarters on 13-mile front. 
 
 — Italian aircraft bombard enemy supply station near 
 Oderzo. 
 
 March 10 — United States War Department announces 
 presence of Americans on Lorraine front, in Cham- 
 pagne, in Alsace, near Luneville, and in Aisne sector. 
 
 — British occupy Hit in Mesopotamia ; Turks retire 
 23 miles up the Euphrates to Khan Baghdad! ; British 
 airplanes bomb retreating Turks. 
 
 — Guildford Castle, British hospital ship, torpedoed in 
 English Channel ; no one lost. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Daimler works at Stuttgart. 
 
 March 11 — United States troops go over the top at 
 Toul and return without loss. 
 
 VII 
 
Mar. ll^President Wilson sends message to Congress 
 of Soviets, expresses sympathy with Russian people; 
 says United States will take every opportimity to se- 
 cure for Russia complete sovereignty and independ- 
 ence. 
 
 — German air raid on Paris kills 29; 4 German machines 
 are brought down by gun fire ; 15 German aviators 
 killed or made prisoner. 
 
 — In air fighting 10 German machines brought down 
 on western front, 7 disabled, 3 British machines fail 
 to return. 
 
 — -French airmen destroy 3 German aircraft, bring down 
 3 bombing planes, disable 1. 
 
 —In air raid on Naples 7 in hospital killed, 9 civilians 
 wounded. 
 
 March 12 — Three Zeppelins raid northeast coast of 
 England. 
 
 — In Toul sector United States artillery discover and 
 blow to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans 
 for gas attack. 
 
 — Paris Court of Revision rejects Bolo Pasha's appeal 
 from death sentence. 
 
 —German air ships attack Yorkshire coast; no casual- 
 ties. 
 
 — London announces release by German Government 
 from special imprisonment of Aviators Lieuts. Scholtz 
 and Woolsey, under threat of reprisal. 
 
 — British air raid on Coblenz, Germany, kills 50. 
 
 March 13 — German troops enter Odessa and control 
 Black Sea; take 15 Russian warships. 
 
 —Dr. Walter T. Scheele, indicted in New York in 1916 
 for alleged placing of bombs on Allied ships in New 
 York Harbor, arrested in Cuba and deported from 
 Havana in custody of United States detectives. 
 
 ^London reports unarmed British schooner Nanny 
 Wignall sunk by German submarine off Irish coast. 
 
 — British flyers bomb munition works and barracks at 
 Freyburg, Germany, and Bruges docks. 
 
 • — British Admiralty reports week's losses by mine or 
 submarine: 18 merchantmen (15 of 1,600 tons or 
 over); 1 fishing vessel. Arrivals, 2,046; sailings, 
 2,063; merchantmen unsuccessfully attacked, 8. 
 
 ^Richthofen, German aviator, achieved sixty-fifth vic- 
 tory. 
 
 ■ — German aircraft raid London ; kill 1 man, 1 woman, 
 3 children: injure 3 men, 1 woman, 5 children; 6 
 houses destroyed; 30 damaged. 
 
 — German Government announces American property 
 in Germany will be seized in reprisal for seizing of 
 German property in United States. 
 
 — Phelps Collins of Detroit, Mich., member of Lafayette 
 Flying Corps, killed in air fight on French front. 
 
 March 14 — Gen. Pershing's men make first permanent 
 advance, occupy evacuated trenches northeast of Bad- 
 onvillers. 
 
 — David E. Putnam of Brookline, Mass., of Lafayette 
 Escadrille. attacks 3 enemy airplanes, brings down 1, 
 drives 2 to flight. 
 
 — Copenhagen reports sinking of 2 Norwegian steam- 
 ers, Skrymer (1,475 tons) and Estrella (1,757 tons). 
 
 — Germans occupy Abo, on Finland coast, west of Hel- 
 singfors. 
 
 March 15 — German submarine sinks Danish steamship 
 Randelsberg (1,551 tons) outside of German danger 
 zone. 
 
 —Allied airplanes bomb barracks, munition factories 
 and railway station at Zweibriicken ; 12 enemy planes 
 brought down ; no British machines missing. 
 
 March 16 — French raid at Bethincourt Wood on 1,700 
 yard front to depth of 900 yards; take 160 prisoners, 
 including several officers. 
 
 March 17 — Germans announce Entente airmen made 
 23 attacks on German Rhine towns in February; 12 
 persons killed; 36 injured; attacks made also on in- 
 dustrial districts in Lorraine, Luxemburg, Saar and 
 Moselle. 
 
 — Britjsh airmen attack barracks and railway station 
 at Kaiserlautern, Bavaria. 
 
 March IS — Great Britain and United States take over 
 Dutch shipping in LInited States and British ports. 
 
 — Belgians take over Flanders coast sector. 
 
 March 19 — French troops penetrate German line near 
 Rheims. Portuguese raid trenches east of Neuve 
 Chapelle, take prisoners and guns. German raids 
 near Fleurbaix and Bois Grenier repulsed. Ger- 
 man forces continue advance in Russia, ignoring arm- 
 istice. The Parliamentary Secretary of War reports 
 in British House of Commons that since October, 
 1917, British airmen have made 38 raids into German 
 territory, dropping 4S tons of bombs. London de- 
 spatch says German lost in air fighting: in January, 
 292 planes; in February, 273; in 17 days of March, 
 278. 
 
 — LInited States Expeditionary Force casualties to date: 
 Killed in action, 154 ; killed or prisoner, 1 ; by acci- 
 dent, 145; disease, 683; lost at sea, 337; suicide, 11; 
 unknown causes, 14 ; of wounds, 37 ; executed, 1 ; 
 civilians, 7; gassed, 6; total deaths, 1,296; wounded, 
 544 ; captured, 31 ; missing, 14. 
 
 — LTnited States destroyer Manley collides with British 
 warship in European waters ; depth bomb explodes, 
 kills Lieut. Commander Richard M. Elliott, Jr., and 
 15 enlisted men; Manley reaches port. 
 
 — Royal Mail steamer Amazon and Norwegian steam- 
 ship Stolt-Neilson, commandeered by the British, are 
 sunk by submarine. 
 
 March 20 — To reduce coal consumption President Stan- 
 ley of Board of Trade announces in House of Com- 
 mons coal rationing rules — no cooking between 9 :30 
 P. M. and 5 A .M. ; no illumination of shop windows ; 
 no performances after 10.30, etc. 
 
 — French repulse German attacks ofif Arracourt, in Lor- 
 raine and raids northeast of Reinsand, in Souain 
 sector. 
 
 — LTnited States guns shell village of Lahayville, causing 
 explosions. 
 
 — Northwest of Toul airplane drops balls of liquefied 
 mustard gas on LTnited States line. 
 
 — British airmen destroy 28 German machines; 13 of 
 their own missing. 
 
 — Steamship Sterling, with cargo of grain for Switzer- 
 land, sunk by collision. 
 
 — Norwegian sailing vessel Carla sunk by submarine ; 
 captain killed and crew lost. 
 
 March 21 — Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, 
 from Arras to La Fere. On Luneville sector United 
 States artillery fire destroys first and second line po- 
 sitions. Canadians make gas attack between Lens 
 and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend. In 
 Palestine British take Elowsallebeh. German long 
 range gun bombards Paris. 
 
 March 22 — Correspondents at the front report 40 Ger- 
 man divisions (about 500,000 men) engaged and great- 
 est concentration of artillery in world's history ; Ger- 
 mans had 1,000 guns in one small sector (1 for every 
 12 yards). 
 
 — Secretary of War Baker calls on King Albert of 
 Belgium at the front. 
 
 — Brussels fined $500,000 by Germany for recent anti- 
 Flemish agitation. 
 
 — German Reichstag adopts war credit of $3,750,000,000. 
 
 March 23 — Germans break British front near Monchy, 
 Cambrai, St. Quentin and La Fere, pierced second 
 line, between Fontaine-les-Croisilles and Moeuvres. 
 
 — British evacuate positions in bend southwest of Cam- 
 brai ; Germans pierce third British line between Omig- 
 non stream and the Somme. 
 
 — Berlin announces first stage of battle ended, claims 
 capture of 25,000 prisoners, 400 field guns, 300 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 — British airplanes raid factories at Mannheim. 
 
 — Paris is bombarded by long range "fat Bertha" guns 
 from distance of 75 miles; 10 killed; 15 wounded. 
 
 — Gen. Zupelli succeeds Gen. Aldieri as Italian War 
 Minister. 
 
 VIII 
 
Mar. 23 — Secretary of War Baker guest of Ambassador 
 Page in London. 
 
 March 34 — Germans drive British back across the 
 Somme and repulse French and United States re- 
 inforcements ; capture Peronne, Chauny and Ham, in 
 Forest of St. Gobain. 
 
 — Paris is again shelled by "fat Bertha" gun. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Cologne and Metz. 
 
 - — Finlanders report that German transport Frankland 
 struck a mine and sank at Noorland. the entire crew, 
 Admiral von Meyer and soldiers all lost. 
 
 March 21 to 24 — British airmen bring down 315 enemy 
 machines, losing 31; naval airmen bring down 17, 
 losing 1. 
 
 March 3.5 — The Germans take Bapaume, Nesle, Guis- 
 card, Biabats, Barleux and Etalon. The Mrench take 
 over sector of British battle front south of St. Quen- 
 tin and around Noyon. French are forced back, but 
 inflict heavy losses in retiring; British counter attack 
 fails. Allied forces lose 45,000 men ; 600 guns. 
 
 — United States artillery shell St. Baussant and billets 
 north of Boquetan, opposite Toul sector, with gas. 
 
 - — London announces LTnited States steamship Chatta- 
 hoochie (5.088 tons) sunk off English coast: crew of 
 74 saved. Long range bombardment of Paris re- 
 sumed. British positions in Palestine extended 9 
 miles toward Es Salt. Secretary of War Baker pre- 
 sented to King George at Buckingham Palace. 
 
 March 36 — Battle continues on whole front south of 
 Somme; Germans are checked west of Roye and 
 Noyon. South of Peronne Gen. von Hofacker crosses 
 the Somme ; takes heights of Maisonette and villages 
 of Biache and Belleaux ; Etalon is taken from the 
 French and English. In Toul sector United States 
 troops drive Germans out of Richecourt. British re- 
 treat on a wide front; Germans under von Below 
 and von der Marwitz take Richecourt, Biefvillers. 
 Grevillers, Tries and Miraumont, crossing the Ancre 
 River. Tlie British defeat Turks in Mesopotamia, 
 capture 5,000 prisoners, 14 guns, 50 machine guns, 
 stores of munitions and supplies. United States cas- 
 ualty list to date : Dead 1,383 ; wounded, 706 ; cap- 
 tured, 33 ; missing, 37. 
 
 March 37 — Major Gen. Pershing offers all United States 
 forces for service wherever needed. 
 
 — Lloyd George appeals for American reinforcements. 
 
 — The Germans gain foothold in Ablainville and in 
 Albert ; British recapture Morlincourt and Chipilly, 
 and advance line to Proyart ; Germans make slight 
 advance east of Montdidier ; are checked in regions 
 of Lassigny and Noyon. 
 
 — Odessa reported captured by Soviet and Ukrainian 
 troops. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports week's losses : 28 mer- 
 chantmen (16 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing vessel; 
 French lose 1 over 1,600 tons; Italy loses 3 over 1,500 
 tons. 
 
 March 38 — Heavy fighting along 55-mile front from the 
 southeast of Somme to northeast of Arras. German 
 drive checked ; in counter attacks French drive Ger- 
 mans out of villages of Courtemanche, Nesle-St. 
 Georges, and Assainvillers ; in some places from Gav- 
 relle to Boyelles Germans make slight advances, take 
 Montdidier and push line to Pierrepont. 
 
 — British airmen bring down 34 German machines, dis- 
 able 7, and 2 balloons ; bomb Bapaume, Bray and Pe- 
 ronne; 19 British machines are missing after aero 
 fighting and 4 after night bombing. 
 
 — French airmen (27th-28th) drop 18 tons projectiles 
 in regions of Guiscard and Ham ; pursuit squadrons 
 bring down 17 German planes and set fire to 3 cap- 
 tive balloons. 
 
 — Entire Turkish force in area of Hit, in Mesopotamia, 
 is captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners taken (in- 
 cluding German officers) ; 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many 
 machine guns, 600 animals. British forces cross the 
 River Jordan. 
 
 — A squad of police rounding up deserters in Quebec, 
 Canada, is attacked by a crowd of citizens. 
 
 March 29 — The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chos- 
 en Commander in Chief of all Allied forces in France 
 (British, French, American, Italian, Belgian and Port- 
 uguese). 
 
 — Ninth day of "Big Drive," which is halted ; British 
 are pressed back to a line running west of Hamel, 
 Marcelcave and Denain; Franco-British troops hold 
 line along Avre, and in front of Neuvillesur-Bernard, 
 Mezieres, Marcelcave and Hamel. 
 
 — Germans claim to have taken 70,000 prisoners and 
 1,100 guns. British bring down 9 hostile airplanes; 
 drive 2 out of control. Two British machines miss- 
 ing. 
 
 — The German long range gun kills 75 worshippers at 
 Good Friday services in a Paris church and wounds 
 90. 
 
 — The President orders temporary suspension of food 
 shipment, except for military supplies, and concentra- 
 tion on sending of troops. 
 
 March 30 — Fighting is resumed on 70 miles of front. 
 British hold their position. The French report severe 
 fighting on 40-mile front, Moreuil to Lassigny ; vil- 
 lages in region of Orvillers, Plemont and Plessier de 
 Roye change hands several times ; Germans claim 
 progress between the Somme and the Oise. They 
 capture Beaucourt and Mezieres. 
 
 — Long range gun again bombards Paris, killing 8 (4 
 women) ; wounding 37 (9 women, 7 children). 
 
 — During the week German submarines sink 3 Italian 
 steamships, of more than 1,500 tons ; 10 small sailing 
 vessels. 
 
 March 31 — British regain village of Denain; Canadian 
 cavalry and infantry recapture Moreuil. 
 
 — Since British flying corps arrived in Italy it has 
 brought down 83 Austrian and German planes and lost 
 10. 
 
 — The Germans continue to advance in the Ukraine, 
 Capture Poltava and set it on fire. 
 
 — British steamship Conargo is torpedoed in the Irish 
 Sea and a Greek steamship is sunk by gun fire; 50 
 men are missing from the two. 
 
 — Danish steamship Indian is sunk by a German sub- 
 marine about 130 miles north of Azores ; captain and 
 38 officers and men lost ; 9 saved. 
 
 March 31 and April 1 — Allied aero squadron throw 
 13 tons of bombs on railways and cantonments at 
 Ham, Chauny and Noyon. 
 
 April 1 — On western front Allies hold their ground, 
 and at some points advance ; recapture Hangard-en- 
 Santerre. Germans capture heights north of Moreuil. 
 
 — In Mesopotamia British advance 73 miles beyond 
 Anah and threaten Aleppo. 
 
 — French estimate German losses during 11-day of- 
 fensive at 275,000 to 300,000. 
 
 — Long distance bombardment of Paris continued ; 4 
 killed; 9 injured. 
 
 — British Admiralty announces loss of Tithonus by sub- 
 marine, with 4 of crew. 
 
 — In draft riot in Quebec 4 civilians are killed and a 
 munber of soldiers wounded. 
 
 — In London no hot meals are served between 9:30 
 P. M. and 5 A. M.. ; and theatres close at 10 :30 P. ^T. 
 
 April 3 — Between the Avre and the Luce the Allies 
 captured 50 prisoners and 13 machine guns ; near 
 Hebuterne, 73 prisoners, 3 machine guns ; prisoners 
 are also taken at Ban-de-Sapt and in raid on Colonne 
 trench. United States troops on Meuse heights, south 
 of Verdun, are attacked with gas and high explosive 
 shells. Gen. Pershing reports United States casual- 
 ties : Killed by accident, 1 ; of disease, 4 ; wounds, 3 ; 
 various causes, 2; wounded, 13; total killed in action, 
 183; killed or prisoners, 1; by accident, 164; disease, 
 793 ; lost at sea, 237 ; died of wounds, 52 ; various 
 causes, 39. A Turkish Army begins occupation of 
 Batum, Kars and Ardahan, districts in the Caucasus. 
 German prisoners report the bursting of one of the 
 
 I.\ 
 
long range guns bombarding Paris, killing 5 of the 
 gun crew. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Foreign 
 Minister, discusses the 14 points laid down bv Presi- 
 dent Wilson in Feb. 11 address, approves of them as a 
 basis of peace, but doubts if Allies will accept them. 
 April 3— Ayette is taken bv the Allies; 192 prisoners 
 captured, including 6 officers. British raid northeast 
 of Loos and Poelcapelle. 
 April 3 — British airmen down 9 German machines, drive 
 3 out of control, destroy 1 balloon, losing 5. British 
 Admirally reports losses for past week : 13 merchant- 
 men over 1,600 tons; 5 fishing vessels; arrivals 2,416; 
 sailings, 2.379. 
 —White Guards capture eastern part of Tammerfors. 
 
 Finland, and 1,000 prisoners. 
 —War Council at Washington, D. C, announces that 
 all available shipping will be used to rush troops to 
 France. 
 —40,000 German troops land at Hango, Finland. 
 — Capt, James Byford INIcCudden. British airman, age 
 33, wins the Victoria Cross. Has been awarded Dfs- 
 tinguished Service Order, Croix de Guerre, Military 
 Cross and Military Medal; has encountered 54 enemy 
 planes. 
 April 4— King Albert confers upon Gen. Pershing Bel- 
 gian Grand Cross of Order of Leopold. 
 — Kaiser Wilhelm confers upon Baron von RiclUhofcn 
 Order of Red Eagle with Crown and Swords for 75 
 victories. 
 —Ten German attacks at junction of French ;md Brit- 
 ish Armies on the Somme; German forces make 
 slight advance, occupying villages of Maillv, Raineval 
 and Morisel. 
 — United States troops now occupy Meuse heights, south 
 
 of Verdun. 
 —Amsterdam despatch says Allied raid on Coblenz 
 killed 26, wounded 100; that on Treves killed fiO, and 
 on Cologne struck a troop train. 
 —Moscow despatch reports Erzerum captured by Ar- 
 menians from Turks. 
 April 5 — French improve position in region of Mailly. 
 Raineval and Morisel and in Cantigny; Germans 
 occupy village of Dernacourt, reach Albert- Amiens 
 railway, but are driven back. 
 — Germans claim to have taken between March 21 and 
 29, 51,218 prisoners; total up to present. 90,000; 
 1,300 guns; the Allies deny these figures. 
 —Japanese and British forces land at Vladivostok. 
 — Cunard Line freighter Valeria (5.865 tons) reported 
 
 torpedoed. 
 —United States Army at end of the first year of the 
 
 war totals more than 1,500,000 men. 
 April 6— Germans strike east and south of Cbauny, gain 
 foothold at Abb' court, and Barisis; sufifer severe 
 losses; take Pierremande and Folembray. 
 —The Belgian relief ship Ministre de Smet de Naeyer 
 (2.712 tons) is sunk by a mine in the North Sea;" 12 
 drowned ; 17 saved. 
 —The President at Liberty Loan meeting in Baltimore 
 condemns German treaties forced on Russia and Rou- 
 mania and says Germany's challenge will be met with 
 "force to the utmost." 
 — Long distance bombardment of Paris. 
 April 7— British retake Aveluy Wood and repel attack 
 opposite Albert and south of Hebuterne; the suburbs 
 of Chauny and French and British positions near 
 Amigny are taken by German forces under Gen. von 
 Boehn, with 1,400 prisoners. 
 — Germans bombard Rheims. 
 
 ^United States troops in Toul sector repel two Ger- 
 man raids. Turks take Ardahan from Armenians; 
 Constantinople reports Turkish troops advancing over 
 wide area in the Caucasus. 
 April 8— Germans drive French back to the west bank 
 of Ailette, take Verneuil and heights east of Coucy-le- 
 Chateau. British make slight advance on south bank 
 of Somme ; lines around Bucquoy are heavily shelled. 
 — Belgian relief ship Flanders sunk by mine. 
 
 — Germany sends ultimatum, demanding the removal 
 or disarmament of all Russian warships in Finnish 
 waters by April 12. 
 — Brig. Gen._ C. C. Williams ordered to Washington to 
 relieve Brig. Gen. Charles B. Wheeler, who goes to 
 France as ordnance officer with Gen. Pershing. 
 April 9 — Germans drive in line held by British and 
 Portuguese 4% miles on 11-mile front, from Givenchy 
 to La Bassee capture Richebourg-St. Vaast and La- 
 ventie ; British repel attacks at Givenchy and Fleur- 
 bai.x. 
 — Man-Power Bill, including a provision for conscrip- 
 tion in Ireland, is introduced in the House of Com- 
 mons. 
 April 10 — Germans cross the Lys between .'\rmentieres 
 and Estaires; British are forced back north and south 
 of Armentieres ; French repulse Germans in Hangard. 
 April 10 — British and Portuguese, on line from La 
 Bassee Canal to Armentieres, are forced back six 
 miles; at Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, British re- 
 tire 2 miles. Li counter attack on Givenchy, British 
 take 750 prisoners. 
 — The village of Hangard changes hands several times, 
 remaining with the French, who penetrate line north- 
 west of Rheims and bring back prisoners. 
 — The Germans claim to have taken 6,000 prisoners and 
 
 100 guns. 
 — Secretary Daniels says 1.275 vessels (1,055,116 tons) 
 were added to the navy in the first year of the war. 
 — German troops at Limburg, Prussia, mutiny, killing 
 
 3 officers. 
 — Russian Commerce Commissioner says treaty with 
 Germany takes 300,000 square miles, with 56,000,000 
 inhabitants (32% of Russia's entire population, be- 
 sides one-third of her railways, 73% of her iron, 
 89% of her coal). 
 — Brig. Gen. Frederick E. Resche, German born, of 
 Minnesota, in command 34th National Guard, Camp 
 Cody, N. INT., is discharged from the service for fail- 
 ing to maintain his command on efficient footing. 
 April 11 — Germans attack British from La Bassee to 
 Ypres-Comines Canal and push them back 6 miles on 
 north end of battle front at Estaires and Steenwerck. 
 British troops retire from Armentieres, which is full 
 of gas. 
 — British troops continue advance in Palestine. 
 — A shot from German long range gun strikes found- 
 ling asylum in Paris; kills 4; wounds 21. 
 — United States steamship Lake Moor (4,500 tons) is 
 sunk by German submarine ; 5 officers, 40 men miss- 
 ing. 
 — British in Palestine advance a mile and a half on 5- 
 
 mile front, take villages of El-Kefr and Rafat. 
 — German squadron, with several transports, arrives at 
 
 Lovisa. 
 — Paris despatch states that in an official note a letter 
 of Charles of Austria, written to his brother-in-law 
 Prince Sixtus de Bourbon, is made public, in which 
 the Emperor acknowledges the just claims of France 
 to Alsace-Lorraine, offers to support France's claim 
 and c.eclares Belgium to be re-established and retain 
 her African possessions. Vienna despatch states that 
 in an official telegram to the Kaiser the Emperor de- 
 clares M. Clemenceau is "piling up lies," and assures 
 the German Emperor he repels the assertion that he 
 recognizes France's claim to Alsace-Lorraine. 
 April 12 — Field Marshal Haig issues a special order 
 of the day, "All positions must be held to the last 
 man." Germans sweep the British and Portuguese 
 from the line of the River Lys ; they claim to have 
 captured 20.000 prisoners and 200 guns. Germans at- 
 tack near Ploegsteert ; force the British from Neuve 
 E.glise. Germans capture British garrison at Armen- 
 tieres (50 officers, 1 British and 1 Portuguese Gen- 
 eral, 3,000 men, 45 cannon, many machine guns and 
 a quantity of ammunition). LTnited States troops aid 
 in the repulse of attack in Toul sector and take 23 
 prisoners. Germans continue to bombard Rheims. 
 
— Germans inake air raid on east coast of England. 
 French airplanes down 8 of enemy, damage 23 ; also 
 bomb railway stations at Jussy, Rove, St. Quentin, 
 Nesle, Ham, Guiscard and Noyon. British airplanes 
 bomb and sweep with machine gun fire roads packed 
 with enemy troops ; in air engagements bring down 
 40 German machines ; drive 20 out of control ; 12 Brit- 
 ish machines fail to return. German air raid on Paris 
 kills 26, wounds 72; on London, kills S, injures 15. 
 The House of Commons passes the Man Power Bill, 
 containing Irish conscription clause. British Govern- 
 ment Committee of inquiry reports brutal treatment 
 of prisoners of war by Germans. The Irish Conven- 
 tion presents a divided report to the British Govern 
 ment ; proposes Irish Parliament of 2 houses, the Na- 
 tionalists offer 40% of membership to Unionists; to 
 this the Ulster Unionists would not agree. 
 
 April 13 — Germans capture Rossignol, advance to bor- 
 der of Nieppe Wood; take 400 prinoners. French 
 hold Hangard against repeated counter attacks and 
 repulse German raids between the Ailette and the 
 Aisne. 
 
 — British hold line against massed attack from Armen- 
 tieres to Hazebrouck; Germans driven out of Neuve 
 Eglise, leaving prisoners, including a battalion com- 
 mander. 
 
 —German troops occupy Helsingfors, Finland. 
 
 —Amsterdam despatch states that an official statement 
 issued by Count Czernin declares that Emperor 
 Charles' letter published by the French was falsified. 
 Emperor William thanks Emperor Charles for his 
 telegram repudiating the statement of Premier Clem- 
 enceau, 
 
 — The British and French Governments agree to confer 
 on Gen. Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied 
 Armies in France. 
 
 —Navy department announces United States steamship 
 Cyclops, with 293 on board, not heard from since 
 March 4. 
 
 —German troops take Hyving; Finnish White Guards 
 take Bjorneborg. 
 
 ^^'' ■■'^T^',7^,' Bertha" (long range gun) bombards 
 
 Paris ; kills 13 ; wounds 45. 
 — British sink 10 German trawlers. 
 —Turks recapture Batum, Russian Black Sea port in 
 
 the Caucasus. 
 —Lieut. Fonck, French aviator, brings down his 34th 
 
 German airplane. 
 —Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigns. 
 April 16— United States casualty list to date: killed 
 
 4/2; died of wounds, S3; b accident, 190; of disease' 
 
 ?03 ; other causes, 45 ; missing, 83 ; slightly wounded,' 
 
 l,o2/. 
 
 — Bolo Pasha, convicted in France of treason, executed. 
 
 —In France men of 19 years are called for training. 
 
 — Red Guards evacuate Abo. 
 
 April 17— British line on western front holds against 
 repeated attacks; Gen. von Arnim's forces take Poel- 
 capelle, Langemarck and Zonnebeke. The Germans 
 claim to have taken in the last few days 2,500 pris- 
 oners. 
 
 — "Big Bertha" kills 9 women and 2 men in Paris. 
 
 — London reports Greek and British troops have crossed 
 the Struma, on the Macedonian front, and occupy 7 
 towns. 
 
 —United States steamship Florence H. (5,500 tons) 
 blown up by internal explosion while in French port. 
 34 of crew of 75 saved. 
 
 — Baron Burian appointed to succeed Count Czernin ; 
 Hungarian Cabinet (Premier, Dr. Wekerle) resigns. 
 
 — British losses by mine or submarine for the week: 
 IS merchantmen (11 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing ves- 
 sel; 12 unsuccessfully attacked. Arrivals, 2,211; sail- 
 ings, 2,456. 
 
 —Viscount Milner succeeds Lord Derby as British Sec- 
 retary of War; Lord Derby appointed Ambassador to 
 France, succeeding Lord Bertie. House of Lords 
 passes Man Power Bill. 
 
 April 18 — West of La Bassee and Givenchy 10 Ger- 
 man divisions (about 125,000 men) attack British 
 on 10-mile front. British hold line and take 200 pris- 
 oners. The French extend their line to outskirts of 
 Castel ; carry heights west of the Avre ; take 500 pris- 
 oners ; 15 officers; several machine guns. Man Power 
 Bill becomes law in England. All parties in Ireland 
 oppose conscription; Sir Edward Carson appeals to 
 his friends not to take any action likely to impede 
 victory, even if it entails Home Rule. 
 
 April 18-19 — Fifteen French airplanes drop tons of 
 projectiles on German bivouacs in the region of Ham, 
 Guiscard and Noyon. 
 
 April 19 — French claim to have taken 650 prisoners, in- 
 cluding 20 officers. Germans claim 1,6(K) taken in 
 lighting near Festubert and Givenchy. 
 
 — United States and French troops raid German line 
 on the Meuse, but find the German trenches deserted. 
 
 — German torpedo craft bombard Allied camp and stor- 
 age places on coast between Dunkirk and Nieuport. 
 
 — Premier Orlando announces the Italian Army forms 
 right wing of United Allied army in France. 
 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 
 
 April 19-20 — Seventy French planes bomb stations at 
 St. Quentin and railways near Jussy ; 7 planes bomb 
 stations at Montcornet, Asfeld and Hirson. 
 
 April 20 — Germany, through the Swiss Minister, de- 
 mands release of Lieut, von Rintelen in exchange 
 for Siegfried Paul London, under sentence in Warsaw 
 as a spy, threatening reprisals on the Americans in 
 Germany, if demand is not complied with. LInited 
 States threatens counter reprisals. 
 
 April 21 — The Germans claim tod have taken 183 men, 
 including S officers and 25 machine guns ; Gen. Persh- 
 ing estimates German losses at 300 to 500. 
 
 — Paris reports that since long range bombardment be- 
 gan, March 23, it has killed 118 and injured 230 (2 
 days' reports missing). 
 
 — British airplanes drop 12 tons of bombs on Menin, 
 Armentieres and the Thourotte railroad junction, 
 down 6 German machines, disable 3. Large fires are 
 caused at Chaulnes, Juniville and Bethenville ; 3 Brit- 
 ish machines fail to return. 
 
 — British and French troops land at Murmansk on 
 northern coast of Kola Peninsula, Arctic Ocean, to 
 guard against attacks by Finnish White Guards. 
 Russian Red Guards are co-operating. 
 
 — Armenians capture Van, in Turkish Armenia. 
 
 — Guatemala National Assembly declares war with Ger- 
 many. 
 
 April 22 — Baron von Richthofen, the leader of the Ger- 
 man flyers, with 80 victories to his credit, is brought 
 down behind the British lines and buried with mili- 
 tary honors. 
 
 — Bonar Law presents the budget in the House of 
 Commons, calling for $14,860,000,000. 
 
 April 23 — Major Raoul Lufbery destroys his 18th Ger- 
 man plane and Lieut. P. F. Baer of Mobile, Ala., his 
 5th. 
 
 — United States casualties in France to date: Killed in 
 action, 513; died of wounds, 104; of disease, 924; from 
 accident, 192 ; other causes, 93 ; severely wounded, 
 419; slightly, 1,592; missing, 86. 
 
 April 22-23 — German destroyer and submarine base at 
 Zeebrugge blockaded by the sinking of two old cruis- 
 ers, loaded with cement. The British cruiser Vindic- 
 tive runs the gauntlet of mines, submarines and 
 heavy gunfire, lands sailors and machine guns and 
 distracts attention during operations. A similar en- 
 terprise attempted at Ostend was not successful, the 
 British blockading ships grounding and blowing up. 
 British losses at Zeebrugge and Ostend: Killed, of- 
 ficers 16, men 144, officers died of wounds 3, missing 
 2, wounded 29, men died of wounds 25, missing 14, 
 wounded 355. 
 
April 34 — Germans attack the whole front south of the 
 Somme, but are repulsed: in later attacks gain Vil- 
 lers-Bretonneux, east of Robecq. British retain their 
 line. The Germans gain a footing in the outskirts 
 of Hangard; are checked at Hailles and Senecat 
 Wood ; capture Viengelhoek Hill, and take French 
 prisoners. Check Allied advance northwest of Beth- 
 une. 
 
 - — British Admiralty announces it will discontinue is- 
 suing weekly bulletin of losses and substitute monthly 
 ones. It reports losses in tonnage since beginning 
 of 1917, for quarter ending March, British, 918,840 ; 
 Allied and neutral, 1,619,37.3 ; ending June, British, 
 1,361,370: Allied and neutral, 2,336,934; ending Sep- 
 tember, British, 952,938; Allied and neutral, 1,494,473; 
 ending December, British, 783,880: Allied and neutral, 
 1,373,843; ending March, 1918, British, 687„576 ; Al- 
 lied and neutral, 1,123,510. 
 
 April 35 — Germans assault from Wytschaete to Bailleul ; 
 in Lys salient, French and British lose ground. Ger- 
 mans capture Hangard. 
 
 — British sloop Cowslip torpedoed ; 5 officers, 1 man 
 missing. 
 
 — French fight their way into Hangard. 
 
 ■ — Gen. von Risberg, Speaker in German Reichstag, 
 states that on March 34 the Germans missing totalled 
 664,104; 336,676 were prisoners in France; 119,000 in 
 England; 157,000 in Russia and Roumania; the Test 
 probably dead. 
 
 April 37 — The French win back ground near Kemmel 
 and recapture Locre. 
 
 ■ — The British capture Kirfa, in Mesopotamia, and 40 
 prisoners ; the Turks retreat to Kirkuk, are over- 
 taken by British cavalry, who kill more than 100 and 
 take 538 prisoners. 
 
 — British Air Ministry announces that during March 
 British airmen dropped over the enemy air lines in 
 France 23,099 bombs by day and 13,080 by night. 
 Germans in area occupied by British, 517 by day and 
 1.948 by night. 
 
 — The French Government decrees 3 meatless days a 
 week, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. 
 
 April 28— The loss of Kemmel Heights forces British 
 to retire. Locre changes hands 5 times ; Germans 
 get footing there, but are driven from Voormezeele. 
 
 — In Mesopotamia the British force the passage of 
 the Aqsu. 
 
 ■ — The British liner Orissa (5,436 tons) torpedoed in 
 English waters ; 57 Y. M. C. A. Americans are saved ; 
 3 of crew are lost. 
 
 —Dr. Sidonio Paes elected President of Portuguese 
 Republic. 
 
 April 29 — British flyers drop 275 tons of bombs on 
 enemv troops east of Locre. 
 
 — In Mesopotamia, British capture Tuzhurmatli and 300 
 prisoners. 
 
 April 30 — British casualties during April : Killed or 
 died of wounds, officers, 1,631 ; men, 7,733 ; wounded 
 or missing, officers, 7,447 ; men, 35,864. 
 
 May 1 — Legion made of the Czechs and Slavs join 
 Italians to fight against Austria. 
 
 — British troops advance a mile west of the River 
 Jordan, in region of Mezrah; take 260 prisoners. 
 
 — Sebastopol, Russian fortress in the Crimea, occupied 
 by German troops. 
 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris continues ; 3 wo- 
 men injured. 
 
 — At Versailles, Premiers Lloyd George. Clemenceau 
 and Orlando, with representatives of France, Great 
 Britain, Italy and the United States, meet in con- 
 ference. 
 
 — Gavrio Prinzip, Serbian assassin of the Austro-Hun- 
 garian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in July, 1914, 
 died in an Austrian fortress. 
 
 May 3 — Australian troops enter Es Salt, capture 33 
 Germans, 317 Turks ; a detached brigade of horse ar- 
 tillery loses 9 guns. 
 
 • — United States steamship Tyler sunk by submarine in 
 the Mediterranean; 11 lives lost; British steamship 
 Franklyn and two others are torpedoed in same at- 
 tack. 
 
 — British airmen drop 3% tons of bombs on Bapaume 
 and other targets, bring down 14 hostile machines, 
 disable 4, lose 5. Also drop 5% tons of bombs on 
 Chaulnes, Juniville and at Caix, and on lock gates 
 at Zeebrugge. 
 
 • — In Lower House of Prussian Diet Social Democrat 
 motion to restore equal suffrage provision is de- 
 feated. 
 
 May 3 — French take important positions between 
 Hailles and Castel ; French and British raid south of 
 Arras and east of St. Denant. taking guns and pris- 
 oners ; south of the Avre, Hill 83 and the wood bor- 
 dering on the Avre are taken and over 100 prison- 
 ers (4 officers) ; a German attack near Ailette is re- 
 pulsed. 
 
 ■ — British airmen bomb Thionville railway station and 
 Carlshuttle work. 
 
 — United States makes an agreement with Norway 
 for exchange and restrictions of exports to enemy. 
 
 May 4 — Italian airship drops a ton of explosives on 
 aviation ground at Canipo Maggiore. 
 
 — British mission to United States estimated British 
 casualties in Picardy since March 31 appro.ximate 
 350,000 killed, wounded or missing. 
 
 ■ — Field Marshal Lord French named Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland. 
 
 — British airmen drop more than 20 tons of bombs on 
 Chaulnes, Tournai and La Bassee railway stations 
 and on Estaires, Marcelcave, Memeo, Comines and 
 Middelkerke; bring down 28 German machines; dis- 
 able 5 ; anti-aircraft guns shoot down 3 ; 11 British 
 machines are missing. 
 
 May 5 — British repulse German attack near Hinges, 
 on western front, and improve line at Sally-le-Sec 
 and east of Hebuterne. 
 
 May 6 — British down 6 hostile machines, losing 1. At 
 night British airmen drop 100 bombs in neighborhood 
 of Bapaume, 1 British machine fails to return 
 
 — Treaty of peace is signed at Bucharest by repre- 
 sentatives of Roumania and the four Central Pow- 
 ers. 
 
 — Major Gen. Sir Frederick B. Maurice, recently Di- 
 rector of British Military Operations, accuses Premier 
 Lloyd George and Chancellor Bonar Law of mis- 
 stating army strength. 
 
 May 7 — Germans south of Brimant cross Aisne Canal 
 and return with prisoners. 
 
 May 7 — Australians succeed in reaching German lines 
 on both sides of Corbie-Bray road, but are driven 
 back. 
 
 — Nicaragua!! Congress declares war on Germany and 
 her allies. 
 
 — United States casualties to date : Killed in action 
 (including 237 lost at sea), 643; died of wounds, 134; 
 of disease, 1,005; accident, 320; from other causes, 51; 
 severely wounded, 413; slightly wounded, 2,493; miss- 
 ing in action and prisoners, 122. 
 
 May 9 — France reports officially Allied tonnage lost 
 by submarines during April, 381,631. 
 
 — In vote, on motion made by Mr. Asquith, who in- 
 vestigated Gen. Maurice's charges, British House of 
 Commons sustains Lloyd George. 
 
 May 10 — The trenches northwest of Albert, taken by 
 the Germans, are recaptured ; the French capture 
 Grivesnes and 258 prisoners. 
 
 — Italians capture Monte Corno ; take 100 prisoners. 
 
 — The British sink a block ship across entrance to Os- 
 tend. 
 
 — The Sant' Anna, Italian transport, is sunk ; 638 sol- 
 diers and workmen lost. 
 
 — The hearing in Bonnet Rouge case, Paris, completed. 
 
 XII 
 
May 11 — British raid west of Merville, take prisoners 
 and macliine guns ; German raids east of Ypres and 
 near Neuville are repulsed; Germans attack French 
 in the Bois la Ceuvre ; gain a footing and are driven 
 out, leaving 100 prisoners and 15 machine guns ; 
 French raid southeast of Montdidier and northeast 
 of Thioncourt. 
 
 — United States artillery fire causes fires in the villages 
 of Cantigny and St. Georges, held by the Germans. 
 
 — German submarines are warned by wireless not to 
 return to Ostend or Zeebrugge. 
 
 ■ — The Italians attack Col dell' Orso, destroying its 
 Austrian garrison. 
 
 — Major Gen. Maurice is placed on retired pay. 
 
 May 10-11 — French bombing machines drop 7,000 kilos 
 of explosives on railway stations and cantonments 
 in region of Noyon, Chauny and Flevy-le-Martel. 
 
 — German air fighting echelon, formerly led by Baron 
 von Richthofen, shoot down 19 Allied planes. 
 
 May 13 — Berlin reports Allied aero losses on German 
 front during April, airplanes, 371 ; captive balloons, 
 15 ; admit loss of 123 planes and 14 captive balloons. 
 
 — British anti-aircraft guns bring down 6 German ma- 
 chines, disable 1; British airmen drop 13 tons of 
 bombs on railway stations at Lille, Menin, Chaulnes, 
 Peronne and docks at Bruges ; all machines returned. 
 
 — German and Austrian Emperors meet and agree upon 
 a close military alliance for 25 years. 
 
 — Prussian Lower House rejects motion to restore to 
 Franchise Reform Bill provision for equal manhood 
 suffrage. 
 
 — In April British airmen drop 6,033 bombs behind 
 enemy line ; Germans drop 1,346 in area held by 
 the British, 
 
 — United States casualty list to date : Killed in action, 
 712; died of wounds, 172; of disease, accidents and 
 other causes, 1,331 ; severely wounded, 486 ; slightly 
 wounded, 3,752; missing in action and in prison, 315. 
 
 — Germans bombard French lines at night north of 
 Montdidier and between Montdidier and Noyon. 
 
 — Germans bomb neighborhood of Dunkirk. 
 
 — Italian naval forces enter Pola Harbor and sink an 
 Austrian battleship. 
 
 — German Emperor proclaims Lithuania as an inde- 
 pendent state. 
 
 May 15 — Mr. Duval, Director of Bonnet Rouge, is 
 sentenced to death; the other 6 defendants in court 
 martial proceedings receive prison sentences of from 
 2 -to 10 years. 
 
 — British Admiralty regulations, closing by mine fields 
 approximately 23,000 square miles in northern part 
 of North Sea, go into effect. 
 
 May 16 — British raid Austrian positions at Canove; 
 Italian infantry enters Monte Asolone, kill or dis- 
 perse the garrison. 
 
 — German airmen attempting to raid Paris are driven 
 off. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Saarbriicken in German Lor- 
 raine and destroy 5 enemy machines, losing 1. 
 
 — Two German submarines sighted near Bermuda. 
 
 May 17 — A large Russian transport, with 3,000 on 
 board (many women and children), sunk by a Ger- 
 man submarine; only a few hundred saved. 
 
 — German division, near Dvinsk, Russia, mutinies, re- 
 fusing to go to the Russian front. By order of the 
 commander 50 are shot ; 1,000 held to await court 
 martial. 
 
 — Capt. Antonio Silvio Resnati, Italian aviator, killed 
 while flying at an aviation field in New York. 
 
 May 18 — British airmen raid Cologne by daylight. 
 Drive 2 enemy planes out of control. 
 
 — United States steamship William Rockefeller sunk 
 by torpedo. 
 
 — American Minister to China says Japanese and Chi- 
 nese Governments have concluded a defensive alli- 
 ance against Germany. 
 
 - — The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland announces pro-Ger- 
 man plot in Ireland; over 100 Sinn Fein leaders ar- 
 rested and deported to England. 
 
 May 19 — Australians capture ViUe-sur-Ancre, a mile 
 from Morlancourt ; 300 prisoners, 20 machine guns ; 
 German raids in Picardy and Lorraine are repelled 
 by LInited States troops. 
 
 — London despatches say that the Allied air raid on 
 Cologne killed 14, injured 40. 
 
 ■ — Musselman and Bolshevik forces battle at Baku, on 
 Caspian Sea; 3,000 killed, 3,000 wounded. 
 
 — German troops occupy Bjorko, an island in Gulf of 
 Finland, 30 miles northwest of Petrograd. 
 
 — Major Raoul Lufbery, American aviator, shot down 
 by an enemy airplane over Toul. 
 
 — ^France protests to Switzerland against recent com- 
 mercial agreement with Germany and threatens to 
 withhold shipments of coal. 
 
 May 30 — On south bank of Ancre, British enter Ville- 
 sur-Ancre. 
 
 — United States cargo steamship J. G. McCulIough is 
 sunk by mine or torpedo in foreign waters. 
 
 — In German air raid on London British barrage brings 
 down 4 Gothas ; 1 falls into sea, 3 are lost; British 
 casualties. 37 killed, 161 wounded. 
 
 — German bombing squadrons destroy French munition 
 depots near Blargies. 
 
 — Swedish steamship New Sweden sunk by shell fire 
 in Mediterranean ; its 300 passengers taken off. 
 
 — Twenty German airplanes raid London; kill 44, in- 
 jure 179; 5 raiding planes destroyed. 
 
 May 21 — United States casualties to date: Killed in 
 action, 755; died of wounds, 194; from accident, dis- 
 ease and other causes, 1,379 ; severely wounded, 595 ; 
 slightly wounded 3,949 ; missing in action and pris- 
 oners, 294. 
 
 May 31-23 — British airplanes bomb Mannheim and de- 
 stroy chlorine gas plant. 
 
 May 22 — Thirty German airplanes raid Paris ; kill 1, 
 injure 12. 
 
 — United States steamship Wakiva sunk, with loss of 
 3, in collision in European waters. 
 
 May 33 — British airmen drop 4 tons of bombs on elec- 
 tric power station at Karusewald ; 11 tons on air- 
 dromes and billets and docks at Bruges. 
 
 — British transport Moldavia, on way to channel port, 
 torpedoed and sunk off English coast; 56 United 
 States soldiers killed by the explosion. 
 
 — First sitting of Russo-Ukrainian Peace Conference ; 
 Russian delegates recognize Ukraine as independent 
 state. 
 
 — British airmen bomb enemy positions, causing 3 fires 
 in Mannheim, on the Rhine. 
 
 May 24 — British machines bomb Peronne, Fricourt and 
 Bapaume and in Somme area, also railways and fac- 
 tories at Norgunlangen, 13 miles north of Metz. 
 
 — Steamer Inniscarra, bound from Fishguard to Cork, 
 torpedoed and sunk; 37 of crew missing. 
 
 — Troops of German division at Dvinsk mutiny; 50 
 executed ; 1,000 imprisoned. 
 
 — Amsterdam despatch says Germans took 7 Russian 
 battleships when they occupied Sebastopol. 
 
 May 35 — Allies bomb billets near Armentieres and Mer- 
 ville and ammunition dumps at Vesseneare and the 
 Bruges docks. 
 
 — ^The Hetty Dunn, Edna and Hauppauge, United States 
 merchant ships, sunk by German submarine. 
 
 — German superdreadnaught U boat, attacking United 
 States transport, sunk by United States destroyers. 
 
 May 35-June 14 — German submarines sink 19 ships off 
 coasts of New Jersey, Delaware. Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 May 36 — During Allied raids over Liege, Longdoz rail- 
 road station destroyed; 36 killed. 
 
 ■ — English transport Leasowe Castle (9,737 tons) sunk 
 by submarine in Mediterranean ; captain, 3 wireless 
 operators, 6 of crew, 13 military officers, 79 men miss- 
 ing. 
 
 XIII 
 
May 26— Italian troops break through Austro-German 
 defensive at Capo Sile, on lower Piave front ; take 433 
 prisoners. 
 
 May 27 — Big drive begins on western front, Germans 
 drive Allies across the Aisne-Marne Canal, take 
 Cormicy, Cauroy and Loivre ; Germans attack British 
 at Berry-au-Bac and the Frencli by the Chemin-des- 
 Dames ; Germans take Chemin-des-Dames Ridge ; 
 near Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrate French po- 
 sitions, advance in Aisne Valley, reach Pont-Arcy. 
 
 — German infantry cross the Ailette, pierce British lines 
 between Corbeuy and the Aisne, take Pinon, Chavig- 
 nons. Fort Malmaison, Courtecou, Cerny, the Winter- 
 berg and Craonne and the Villerberg. 
 
 — Italians advance northwest of Prente, take 870 Ger- 
 mans and 12 guns, capture summit of Monte Zignolon. 
 
 — Lieut.^ Kiel, leading x\ustrian aviator, reported killed 
 in action. 
 
 May 28 — Germans advance in Aisne sector, cross the 
 Vesle at two points, gain much territory, take numer- 
 ous towns and villages; French and British retire 
 steadily. Germans claim to have taken 16,000 pris- 
 oners. 
 
 — Counter attacks re-establish British line east of Dicke- 
 busch Lake ; Germans attack French southeast of 
 Soissons; west of Montdidier L'nited States troops 
 aided by British tanks, take village of Cantigny, and 
 hold it against counter attacks. 
 
 — Mr. Keronko, Bolshevik representative at Helsing- 
 fors, expelled from Finland, and a pro-German cab- 
 inet formed. 
 
 May 29 — Germans take Soissons, with 25.000 prisoners, 
 including 2 generals (1 British, 1 French), also town 
 of Courcy, S miles from Rheims. 
 
 — German airplane bombards Amiens. 
 
 May 30 — Germans advance to within 2 miles of Rheims, 
 German submarine sinks 12 Irish fishing vessels; no 
 lives lost. The Agawam, cargo ship, launched at 
 Port Newark, N. J. ; first composite wood and steel 
 ship. War Cloud, launched at Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 May 31 — German forces north of the Aisne advance to 
 Nouvron and Fontenoy, but fail to cross the Marne. 
 United States transport President Lincoln, returning, 
 sunk by torpedo off the French coast ; loss, 28 out of 
 715. 
 
 June 1 — Germans attack on whole front between the 
 Oise and the Marne, advance as far as Nouvron and 
 Fontenoy ; attack on Fort de la Pompelle drives out 
 French who counter attack, regain positions and take 
 400 prisoners and 4 tanks ; Germans break through 
 on both sides of the Ourcq River, reach heights of 
 Neuilly and north of Chateau-Thierry. 
 
 — British air squadron bombards Karlsruhe. 
 
 — British airmen bomb railway stations and junctions 
 at Metz-Sablon, Karthaus and Thionville. 
 
 June 2 — Germans reach outskirts of Forest of Retz, 
 surrounding Villers-Cotterets, retake Faverolles, but 
 fail in attack on Courcy and Troesnes ; French take 
 Hill 153, recapture Champlat and gain ground in di- 
 rection of Ville-en-Tardenois ; Germans take hei,ghts 
 of Passy and Courchamps. German airmen bomb 
 British Red Cross hospitals. The Te.xel sunk by sub- 
 marine off Atlantic City, N. J. Schooner Edward 
 H. Cole and another vessel sunk by submarine off 
 New Jersey coast; crew rescued by steamship Bris- 
 tol. Schooner Jacob S. Haskell sunk by gunfire of 
 submarine ; crew rescued. Herbert L. Piatt, Standard 
 Oil Co. tank steamship, sunk by German submarine. 
 Allied air raid on Cologne kills 146. 
 
 June 3 — Southeast of Strazeele, British repulse raids, 
 take 288 prisoners and anti-tank gun, 30 machine guns 
 and several trench mortars. British airplanes bomb 
 railway stations at St. Quentin, Douai and Lu.xem- 
 burg. Italian airmen, on French front, bomb Noyon, 
 Peronne, Rosieres and Nesle. Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland issues proclamation staying conscription if 
 50,000 volunteer by Oct. 1, and from 200,000 to 300,- 
 
 000 monthly thereafter. Seventy years of penny post- 
 age end in Great Britian, from 'today, 3 half pence 
 (3c). 
 
 June 4— Between the Aisne and the Ourcq Germans 
 capture village of Pernant and town of Neuilly-la- 
 Poterie. 
 
 — Now reported that ships sunk on June 2 off New 
 Jersey coast were Edna (375 tons) Carolina (5,092 
 tons), Herbert L. Pratt (5,372 tons), Winne Connie 
 (1,869 tons), Edward H. Cole (1,791 tons), Jacob H 
 Haskell (1,778 tons), Isabelle H. Wiley {119 tons), 
 Hattie Dunn (436 tons), Samuel W. Hathaway (1,- 
 038 tons), Hauppauge (1,330 tons). 
 
 — French and United States forces compel Germans 
 to recross the Marne,. leaving 100 prisoners. 
 
 — German submarine attacks French steamship Radio- 
 liene off Maryland coast; is driven off by United 
 States destroyer. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Eidsvold sunk by German sub- 
 marine off Virginia Capes ; crew rescued. Bark At- 
 tila and a schooner torpedoed on way from Gibraltar, 
 British steamship Harpathian blown up oft' Virginia 
 Capes. 
 
 — United States Secretary of State, in reply to demand 
 for release of von Rintelen, says this Government 
 does not recognize principles of retaliation, refuses 
 compliance and reminds Germany that there are many 
 Germans in the United States subject to counter re- 
 prisals. 
 
 June 5 — Norwegian steamship Vinland torpedoed off 
 Virginia Capes. United States freight steamship Ar- 
 gonaut torpedoed off Scilly Island. 
 
 — Germans advance on south bank of Aisne, take Dom- 
 miers ; United States troops penetrate enemy posi- 
 tions in Picardy and Lorraine ; French counter attack 
 regains ground near Vingre, take ISO prisoners, drive 
 Germans from around Chavigny Farm and take 50 
 prisoners. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Metz-Sablon and railroad sid- 
 ings at Thionville, Armentieres, and Roye stations 
 and Zeebrugge seaplane base. 
 
 — United States troops drive Germans from Neuilly 
 Wood by bayonet charge. 
 
 — British boarding vessel sunk by German submarine, 
 7 sailors missing. 
 
 June 6 — West of Chateau-Thierry United States troops 
 drive Germans a mile on 2-mile front, take 270 pris- 
 oners ; United States and French troops advance in 
 region of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches ; Ger- 
 man attacks at Champlat, heights of Bligny, south- 
 west of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and 
 Rheims, are repulsed ; French take Le Port, west of 
 Fontenoy and north of the Aisne, village of Vinly, 
 and regain Hill 204. 
 
 — Germans claim that since May 21 army group of 
 Crown Prince has taken more than 55,0(30 prisoners 
 (1,500 officers), 656 guns, 2,000 machine guns. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing reports that on western front, between 
 April 14 and May 31, Lieut. Douglas Campbell 
 brought down 6 enemy airplanes, Capt. Peterson and 
 Lieut. Rickenbacher each brought down 3. 
 
 — United States Marines drive Germans ZVi miles, de- 
 stroy nest of machine guns, capture village of Torcy 
 and force way into Bouresches. 
 
 — Holland hospital vessel Koningen-Regents sunk in 
 North Sea; a few lives lost. 
 
 — Germans sent ultimatum to Russia, Russian Black 
 Sea fleet must be returned to Sebastopol as condi- 
 tion of cessation of advance on LIkraine front ; time 
 limit set for June 14. 
 
 June 7 — LInited States and French troops take villages 
 of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, be- 
 tween the Marne and Rheims, and 200 prisoners." 
 
 — Germans occupy Allied positions on banks of the 
 Ancre and take 300 prisoners. 
 
 — Germans claim to have taken 250 prisoners during 
 French advance west of Kemmel. 
 
 — Northwest of Thierry LInited States troops advance 
 2J4 miles on 6-mile front. 
 
 XIV 
 
June 8 — Artillery activity in neighborhood of Hangard- 
 en-Santerre and south of Aisne, north of Albert and 
 southeast of Arras. French advance to outskirts of 
 Dummard, east of Chezy and north of Neuilly-la-Po- 
 terie. 
 — By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops 
 put Germans on defensive ; United States forces, 
 under Gen. Pershing, capture and hold Bouresches ; 
 French recapture Locre Hospice. 
 — 1,000 Czecho-Slovak troops reach Vladivostok. 
 — Norwegian steamer Vindeggen sunk by German sub- 
 marine off Cape Hatteras ; steamship Pinar del Rio 
 destroyed by gunfire off Maryland coast, no lives lost. 
 June 8 — United States Government announces about 
 5,000 Germans interned as enemy aliens ; 349 United 
 States prisoners in Germany. 
 June 9 — New German drive begins on 20-mile front 
 between Montdidier and Noyon. Germans succeed 
 in getting a foothold in villages of Ressons-sur-Matz 
 and Mareuil, capture heights of Gury, are held on 
 line of Rubescourt, Le Fretoy and Mortemer and on 
 front comprising Belval, Cannectaucourt and Ville. 
 — British airmen bomb region around Roye and fire 
 
 .•i.OOO rounds of ammunition at infantry. 
 — British and French airmen bomb Nesle and Fresnoy- 
 
 le-Roye. 
 — British airplanes sink 3 Germ an submarines by drop- 
 ping depth bombs. 
 June 10 — United States Marines, northwest of Cha- 
 teau-Thierry, in Belleau Wood, pierce German line 
 two-thirds of a mile on 600-yard front. 
 — The French retire 2 miles to line of Bailly and ivest 
 
 of Nampcel. 
 — Norwegian steamer Hendrik Lund sunk by German 
 
 submarine off Cape Hatteras. 
 — Austrian dreadnaught destroyed and a second dam- 
 aged by Italian torpedo boat near Dalmatian Islands. 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 
 — David Putnam, descendant of Israel Putnam, brings 
 
 down his fifth German plane. 
 —Germans capture villages of Mery, Belloy and St. 
 Maur and gain a footing in Marqueglise. Courcelles, 
 taken and retaken, remains with French. On centre 
 Germans reach south edge of Cuvilly Wood and Res- 
 sons-sur-Matz. French take nearly 1,000 prisoners. 
 Germans take ridge east of Mery and break through 
 fourth Allied position. Gen. von Schoeler's forces 
 cross the Matz, attack heights of Marqueglise and 
 Vignemont and advance to Antheuil. On the Oise 
 Germans advance as far as Ribecourt. 
 — Germans claim to have captured since May 27 up 
 
 to 75,000 prisoners. 
 June 11 — Allies in counter offensive advance on 7-mile 
 front between Montdidier and Noyon, retake much 
 ground; take 1,000 prisoners. 
 —French nearly reach Fretoy, take heights between 
 Courcelles and Mortemer; retake Belloy and Genlis 
 Wood; reach south outskirts of St. Maur; in centre 
 drive Germans back beyond Loge Farm and Antheuil. 
 South of Ourcq United States troops capture Belleau 
 Wood and 300 prisoners. British advance in region 
 of Morlancourt, % mile on 1% mile front; take 298 
 prisoners (5 officers), 21 machine guns. Under Ger- 
 man attacks, French withdraw to west bank of Oise. 
 —United States casualties to date: Killed in action, 
 1,073; died of wounds, 318; of disease, accident and 
 other causes, 1,597; wounded in action, 4,190; missini^ 
 342. . . ^ o, 
 
 —Long distance shelling of Paris kills 2, wounds 0. 
 
 —British Admiralty reports between June 6 and 9 (in- 
 clusive), 10 air raids bombed Thourout, Zeebrugge 
 lock gates, Brugeoise works, Bruges docks, Bruges 
 Canal, Glustelles, Marialter and St. Denis-Westrem 
 airdromes. 
 
 June 12- French advance in region of Bellov Wood and 
 St. Maur; take 400 prisoners. Germans get foothold 
 on the Matz, occupy Melicocq and adjoining heights 
 and gain on plateau west of Dommieres and Cutry. 
 French are thrown back on front from Le Ployron to 
 
 Authiel. Germans clear Allied forces from west bank 
 of the Oise. French are driven south as far as Tra- 
 cy-le-Val. 
 —United States troops complete seizure of Belleau 
 
 Wood. 
 — Final figures for eighth German War Loan (includ- 
 ing army subscriptions) places total at $3,750,000,000. 
 — London announces that German advance has prac- 
 tically ceased. Germans claim to have taken since 
 beginning of drive on June 9, 15,000 prisoners, 150 
 guns ; they launch attack from Courcelles to north of 
 Mery, between the Aisne and Forest of Villers-Cot- 
 terets. Germans takes villages of Laversine ; are re- 
 pulsed at most other points? French drive Germans 
 back across the Matz and recapture Melicocq. Brit- 
 ish aerial squadron bombs station at Treves and fac- 
 tories and stations at Dillingen. Swedish steamship 
 Dora (1.555 tons) sunk, losing 9 of her crew. 
 June 14 — Germans attack French from Courcelles to 
 Mery for 8 hours without gaining an inch. Between 
 Soissons and Villers-Cotterets the Germans penetrate 
 on both sides of the road. French troops recapture 
 Coeuvres-de-Valsery, south of the Aisne. German 
 drive west of the Oise is definitely halted. 
 — Norwegian ships Samsa and Krings Jaa, both small, 
 sunk by U-boat, 90 miles off Virginia Capes; no cas- 
 ualties. 
 — German forces advance in south Russia in force of 
 10,000 ; Red Guards almost annihilated on shore of 
 Sea of Azov. 
 — Turks occupy Tabriz, second largest city in Persia; 
 United States consulate and missionary hospital 
 looted. 
 June 1.5 — French drive Germans from Coeuvres-et-Val- 
 sery, south of the Aisne, and French improve position 
 east of Montgobert; take 130 prisoners, 10 ma- 
 chine guns. North of Bethune, British take 196 pris- 
 oners, 10 machine guns. 
 — Despatch from United States Army in France says 
 United States forces have been occupying sectors on 
 battle front in Alsace since May 21. 
 — Rome despatch says Austria begins offensive on 90- 
 niile front, from Asiago Plateau to the sea; on Brit- 
 ish right attacks fail. On left, Austrians pierce Brit- 
 ish lines for 1,000 yards on 2,500-yard front. Prison- 
 ers taken by British and Italians since beginning of 
 fighting, 120 ofl5cers, 4.500 men. 
 — Gen. March, United States Chief of Staff, announces 
 more than 800.000 United States troops in France. 
 June 16 — London reports abnormal quiet after 6 days 
 of desperate fighting. In local actions French in re- 
 gion of Veuilly take 70 German prisoners and a num- 
 ber of machine guns. British raid southwest of Mer- 
 ris, south of the Somme and near Hebuterne ; take 
 28 prisoners, several machine guns. 600 German 
 shock troops attack village of Zivray, in Toul sector, 
 held by Americans, and are repulsed without loss. 
 — On Italian front Allies regain all ground lost in first 
 Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River. 
 Italians reoccupy original positions on Asolone and 
 at Monte Solarola salient ; take 3,000 prisoners, in- 
 cluding 89 officers. British also are back on original 
 front line. Austrians claim to have crossed the Piave 
 at numerous points and taken Allied positions on the 
 Piave end on both sides of the OJerzo-Treviso Rail- 
 road, and to have taken 6,000 prisoners. 
 — British airmen bomb railways at Armentieres, Es- 
 taires, Commines and Courtrai and docks of Bruges. 
 — United States casualties since entering the war total 
 
 8,085. 
 — E.xchange of 160,000 French and German prisoners 
 
 of war begins through Switzerland. 
 — Premier Orlando announces to Italian Chamber of 
 Deputies that a peace offer of Emperor Charles, in- 
 cluding proposed cession of territory, has been de- 
 clined. 
 June 17 — Germans make unsuccessful attempt to con- 
 struct a foot bridge across the Marne. 
 — Premier Radosladoff of Bulgaria resigns and is suc- 
 ceeded bv ex-Premier Malinoff. 
 
 XV 
 
June 17 — British Admiralty reports that 407 ships sunk 
 by Germans in British waters, January, 1915, to June, 
 1918, have been salvaged. 
 
 June 18 — Troopship Dvinsk, chartered by United States, 
 torpedoed by German submarine. 
 
 — Italians, supported by French and British, regain 
 ground in the mountains. 
 
 — Germans claim to have captured 30,000 prisoners on 
 Italian front in 3 days' fighting. 
 
 — Prince Arthur of Connaught arrives in Yokohama. 
 
 — British Chancellor of Exchequer introduces in House 
 of Commons vote for credit of $2,500,000,000, making 
 total to date. $36,710,000,000. 
 
 June 19 — Forty thousand Germans attack Rheims from 
 three sides and are repelled vifith heavy loss. Vienna 
 City Council protests against reduction of bread ra- 
 tion. In Bulgaria an anti-German is asked to organ- 
 ize new cabinet. British Admiralty announces 21 
 German destroyers and many submarines penned at 
 Zeebrugge. Paris announces Germans since Jan. 31 
 attempt 14 raids, with 300 airplanes ; 23 passed French 
 aerial defensive; 9 of these brought down. Prince 
 Arthur of Connaught at Tokio presents Mikado of 
 Japan with a baton of a British Field Marshal. 
 
 June 20 — In Vienna, bakeries looted and bread riots of 
 daily occurrence. 
 
 ■ — Paris issues official statement of airplane losses : Jan- 
 uary, France 20, Germany 78 ; February, France IS, 
 Germany 79; March, France 50, Germany 136; April, 
 France 46, Germany 136 ; May, France 60, Germany 
 356. 
 
 — Former Russian Premier Alexander Kerensky arrives 
 in London. 
 
 — Count Tisza. former Austrian Premier, in speech to 
 Hungarian Parliament, says there is only one-third 
 or one-quarter sufficient food to keep population in 
 health. 
 
 June 31 — Belgian steamship Chillier sunk by German 
 submarine 1,400 miles oi? Atlantic coast; 25 rescued. 
 
 — United States steamship Schurz collides with tank 
 steamship Florida off Cape Lookout; 1 seaman killed. 
 
 ■ — Gen. March announces United States forces now hold 
 39 miles of battle front in France. 
 
 — Washington announces Gen. Semanoff and his Cos- 
 sacks defeated in Siberia by Bolsheviks. 
 
 — LTnited States airmen partially destroy bridge over the 
 Piave in Italy. 
 
 June 23 — French aviators drop behind the German lines 
 and on German cities thousands of copies of an appeal 
 to Bavarians to revolt from Prussian tyranny. 
 
 June 23 — Italians drive Austrians across the Piave, in- 
 flicting losses estimated at 180,000. Austrians are in 
 flight from Montello Plateau to Adriatic Sea. 
 
 June 34 — Major Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., cited for con- 
 spicuous gallantry in action. 
 
 June 2.5 — LTnited States Marines clear Belleau Woods; 
 capture 300 Germans. 
 
 —Italians, in Piave Valley, capture 2,000 to 3,000 pris- 
 oners. 
 
 — British transport Orissa sunk by two submarines off 
 Irish coast, with loss of 7 or 9 men; both attacking 
 submarines are sunk by gunfire from destroyers and 
 depth bombs from merchant vessels in the convoy. 
 
 June 36 — In western Siberia, Czecho-Slovaks capture 
 Ekaterinburg, in centre of Ural mining country. 
 
 — Washington gives out summary of United States ma- 
 rines casualties in the fighting of Belleau Woods and 
 Contigny; 341 deaths (13 officers) ; 759 wounded (39 
 officers) ; 2 missing. 
 
 — London reports influenza epidemic along German 
 front. 
 
 June 37 — Llandovery Castle sunk on return voyage 
 from Canada, 116 miles off Fastnet ; 234 missing. 
 
 ^First contingent of LInited States troops arrives at 
 Genoa, Italy; enthusiastically greeted. 
 
 — German airplanes raid Paris, kill 11, injure 14. 
 
 June 38 — St. Peter's Day in the Roman Catholic calen- 
 dar in Catholic churches throughout the world, by 
 request of the Pope, prayers are offered for peace. 
 
 — British and French advance in Flanders. United 
 States troops hold 8 important positions from Alsace 
 to Montdidier. 
 
 June 29 — Emperor Charles of Austria declines resig- 
 nation of von Seydler ministry. 
 
 — British War Office reports casualties for June: Killed 
 or died of wounds, officers, 3,619; men, 119.318. 
 
 — Gen. March announces that Metropolitan Division of 
 the National Army, "New York's own," under Major 
 Gen. Johnson, is holding a sector on the French front. 
 
 — United States troops of Sanitary Corps arrive in 
 Italy. 
 
 — Italian forces storm and hold Montede Valbella and 
 capture Sasso Rosso. 
 
 June 38-29 — French airmen drop bombs on enemy avia- 
 tion grounds in Sonime section, on bivouacs in region 
 of Rozieres and Brave, and railroad stations of Sois- 
 sons, Fere-en-Tarde, etc. 
 
 June 30 — France recognizes Czecho-Slovaks as an in- 
 dependent nation. 
 
 — English and Japanese land at Vladivostock, patrol 
 streets and enforce neutrality in area where consu- 
 lates are located, while Czecho-Slovaks and Bolshe- 
 viki fight, resulting in victory of Czecho-Slovaks. 
 
 July 1 — United States Marines land at Kola; co-operate 
 with British and French in protecting railroad and 
 war supplies from Finnish White Guards. 
 
 July 1 — LTnited States transport Covington (16,339 
 tons) torpedoed on home trip, with loss of 6 of crew. 
 
 July 2 — Americans capture village of Vaux ; Germans 
 lose heavily in counter attacks. 
 
 — Italians begin attack on Monte Grappa ; take many 
 prisoners. 
 
 — Germany commands Finnish Diet to establish rnon- 
 archical rule in Finland, threatening a military dicta- 
 torship. 
 
 — French troops penetrate German positions north of 
 the Aisne; take 457 prisoners, 30 machine guns. 
 
 July 3 — French advance on 3-mile front; capture 1,000 
 prisoners. 
 
 July 4 — Australian and United States troops capture 
 Hamel, south of the Somme, and repulse three coun- 
 ter attacks. 
 
 July 5 — British Air Ministry's weekly statement shows 
 122 German machines destroyed, 73 driven out of con- 
 trol ; British loss, 52; 14 towns raided; airdrome at 
 Boulay raided 6 times. Railroad triangle at Metz- 
 Sablens 4 times, Mannheim 4, Saarbrucken and Thion- 
 ville 3, Treves and Frescati 2 ; 7 other towns, includ- 
 ing Carlsruhe, once. During same period naval air- 
 men bomb docks, submarine bases and naval works 
 at Zeebrugge, Ostend and Bruges. 
 
 — Thirteen United States airmen in fights with 23 Ger- 
 man planes, down 3, without loss on western front. 
 
 — British airmen bombard Coblenz ; kill 13 ; wound 33. 
 
 — Count von Mirbach. German ambassador to Russia, 
 assassinated at Moscow. 
 
 July 6 — A German submarine captures Norwegian bark 
 Manx King (1,739 tons) off Cape Race; British 
 steamship picks up crew of 19. 
 
 — British air squadrons attack railways at Metz, Sablenz 
 and railroad stations and sidings at Saarbrucken. 
 
 — French and Italian drive in Albania begins. 
 
 — German seaplanes attack a British submarine ofif the 
 east coast of England, killing an officer and 5 men. 
 
 July 7 — Norwegian sailing ship Marosa (1,832 tons) 
 sunk by German submarine 1,300 miles east of New 
 York. 
 
 — Air forces with British navy bomb Constantinople. 
 
 — Czecho-Slovak forces advance 375 miles into Siberia, 
 defeat Bolsheviki. capture Chita, an important town 
 on the Trans-Siberian railroad. 
 
 July 8 — On western front French attack near Long- 
 pont, south of the Aisne; take 347 prisoners. 
 
 — Temps of Paris says that up to June 30 Paris was 
 raided 30 times by German Gothas, bombarded by long 
 range guns on 39' days; 141 killed, 432 wounded (these 
 totals do not include 66 crushed to death in panic 
 during raid of March 11). 
 
 XVI 
 
July 8 — Nikolsk. northwest of Vladivostok, captured by 
 the Czecho-Slovaks, aided by 1,500 Cossacks and Chin- 
 ese and Japanese volunteers. 
 
 July 9 — French attack on 2% -mile front between the 
 Oise and Montdidier, advance a mile and capture 2 
 well fortified farms ; taking 500 prisoners, 30 machine 
 guns. 
 
 — French and Italians advance 15 miles along Albanian 
 coast; capture Fieli. 
 
 — Dr. von Kuehlman, German Foreign Minister, re- 
 signs. 
 
 — Naval airplanes drop bombs on Ostend, Zeebrugge 
 and Bruges. 
 
 ■ — An anti-Bolshevik government for Siberia is formed 
 at Vladivostok. 
 
 — Finnish Government orders all Jews to leave the coun- 
 try by Sept. KO. 
 
 — Major McCudden, British star airman, victor in 54 
 air fights, killed by accident, flying from England to 
 France. 
 
 July 10 — French troops attack Marne salient, cross rail- 
 way and enter Corey. 
 
 — Socialists in the Reichstag refuse to vote for the 
 budget. 
 
 — United States aviators penetrate 50 miles into Ger- 
 man territory, west of Chateau-Thierry. 
 
 — Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt brings down opponent in 
 his first aerial fight. 
 
 — London announces 34 girls killed in recent air raid on 
 Belgium by German airplanes. 
 
 July 11 — French capture Corey, also chateau and farm 
 
 of St. Paul, south of Corey. 
 —Germans capture 5 United States airplanes headed for 
 
 Coblenz. 
 
 July 11 — Germany demands from Holland 60,000 cows, 
 3,000 horses, 10,000 tons of cheese, other products and 
 monthly credit of $2,800,000. 
 
 — United States steamship Westover sunk by torpedo 
 in European waters ; 10 of crew missing. 
 
 July 12 — Japan makes $250,000,000 loan to Siberia : Jap- 
 anese troops to be provisioned when they reach Vlad- 
 ivostok. 
 
 • — Italians capture Berat; Austrians flee toward Elbasan 
 and Durazzo. Allied line now complete from Adri- 
 atic through Albania and Macedonia to Aegean Sea. 
 
 — In Picardy French advance mile on 3-mile front, cap- 
 ture Castel, Auchin Farm, occupy Longpont, south 
 of Aisne ; take 500 prisoners. 
 
 —German Chancellor, Count von Hertling, in Reich- 
 stag, declares Germany stood for a righteous peace, 
 but that speeches by President Wilson and Mr. Bal- 
 four demanding destruction of Germany forced her to 
 continue the war. 
 
 • — Russian Czar Nicholas slain by Bolsheviki. 
 
 July 13— French forces cross Savieres River, southwest 
 of Soissons. 
 
 — Gen. March announces 750,000 United States troops 
 in France, organized into three army corps; Gen. 
 Hunter Liggett is commander of the First Corps. 
 New York troops form part of Second Corps. 
 
 — The Reichstag votes war credits and adjourns. 
 
 — British air force during year, beginning July 1, 1017, 
 on western front, destroy 2,150 ; drove down, 1.083. In 
 same period, working in conjunction with navy, shot 
 down 623 hostile machines; daring this period 1,094 
 British machines missing; 93 working with the navy. 
 
 — On Italian front, from April to June, 1918, British 
 destroyed 165, drove down 6, missing 13. On Salon- 
 ica front, between January and June, 21 destroyed, 13 
 driven down, lost 4. In Egypt and Palestine, from 
 March to June, 26 destroyed, 15 driven down, 10 miss- 
 ing. 
 
 — Berlin claims to have downed 468 planes in June, 62 
 captive balloons, losing 153 airplanes, 51 captive bal- 
 loons. 
 
 July 14 — Agreement signed between Great Britain and 
 Germany providing for exchange of prisoners; offi- 
 cers, non-commissioned officers and men and those in- 
 terned in Holland, as well as civilians interned in 
 
 Holland and Switzerland ; commanders of Ll-boats not 
 included. 
 
 — First Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt (son of Col. Theodore 
 Roosevelt) 95th Aero Squadron, First Allied Pursuit 
 Troop, is killed in aerial flight and buried with mili- 
 tary honors by the Germans. 
 
 — Major Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., wounded and taken to 
 Paris hospital. 
 
 — Army and marine casualties since United States en- 
 tered the war total 11,733. 
 
 — Russian Grand Duke Michael arrives at Kiefl^, capital 
 of the Ukraine. 
 
 July 15 — German troops begin their fifth drive on 50- 
 mile front, from Vaux to the Champagne region. 
 Germans cross the Marne near Dormans. 
 
 — i\mericans withdraw 4 miles to Conde-en-Brie ; they 
 counter attack, driving Germans back to the Marne; 
 take 1,500 prisoners, including a complete brigade 
 staff. ^ 
 
 — Hayti declares war on Germany. 
 
 — Czecho-Slovak troops capture Kazan, 430 miles east 
 of Moscow, from Bolsheviki. 
 
 — Washington announces that if LInited States troops 
 are in Russia they have been sent from England by 
 Foch. 
 
 — Five German aviators bomb prison camp in Troyes 
 region, kill 94 German prisoners, wound 74, and 2 
 French soldiers of the camp guard. 
 
 — Two German airplanes bomb IJnited States Red Cross 
 hospital at Jonay ; 3 men killed, 9 attendants wounded. 
 
 — Transport Barunga (7.484 tons gross), outward 
 bound for Australia, with unfit Australians on board, 
 sunk by German submarine; no casualties. 
 
 July 16 — Southwest of Rheims Germans advance 2 miles 
 toward Epernay; east of Rheims Germans make 
 small gain at Prunay. 
 
 July 17 — Athens reports Spanish steamship, on which 
 Minister Lopez de Vega was returning to Spain, tor- 
 pedoed by German submarine ; that Germans had been 
 officially notified of her sailing and ship flew the Min- 
 ister's flag. 
 
 July 17 — Cunard steamship Carpathia (13,603 tons) 
 sunk by German submarine ; 5 of crew killed. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing reports 500 German prisoners captured 
 in United States counter attacks. 
 
 — Berlin issues a statement, 33 air attacks made on Ger- 
 man towns by Allies during July 13 against industrial 
 districts in Alsace-Lorraine and Luxemburg, 4 against 
 the Dillingen and Saarbrueken regions, the rest in 
 Rhine district; 34 persons killed; 37 severely injured; 
 35 slightly injured. 
 
 July 18 — Soissons taken and 30,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Mr. Hoover says United States sent during last year 
 $1,400,000,000 worth of food to the Allies 
 
 — French and Americans advance on 25-mile front to 
 depth of 3 to 6 miles. United States troops taking a 
 dozen villages, 4,000 prisoners, 30 guns. 
 
 — Japan accepts proposal from Washington for joint 
 intervention in Siberia. 
 
 July 19 — Germans begin retreat across the Marne. 
 
 — Honduras declares war on Germany. 
 
 — On Soissons-Marne battle line, French and Americans 
 capture 17,000 prisoners, 360 guns ; French drive Ger- 
 mans out of Oeuilly. Italians capture Moulin d'Ar- 
 dre. 
 
 — United States cruiser San Diego sunk by mine, with 
 loss of 6. 
 
 — French recapture Montvoisin, advance in Roy Wood 
 and Courtin Wood; capture 400 prisoners, 4 cannon, 
 30 machine guns. 
 
 — Party of LInited States Congressmen arrive in Paris, 
 France. Herbert Hoover, United States Food Con- 
 troller, arrives in England. 
 
 July 20 — United States troops have taken 17,000 pris- 
 oners, 560 guns on the Aisne-Marne front. French 
 take more than 20,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Germans withdraw entirely from region south of the 
 Marne. 
 
 XVII 
 
July 20— French and Italians push back Germans from 
 mountains of Rheims, beyond Pourcv, and recapture 
 Marfaux. 
 
 —The Scotch take the village of Meteras in a surprise 
 daytime assault. 
 
 — British airmen cross the Rhine, raid German cities and 
 destroy 2 Zeppelins. 
 
 — White Star Line steamship Justicia (32,234 tons) sunk 
 by torpedo off the Irish coast; 11 of crew dead. 
 
 July 21 — Chateau-Thierry occupied by the French. 
 Franco-American forces advance north of the town 
 over 3 miles ; storm Hill No. 193 ; advance 1 mile. 
 
 — German submarine attacks and sinks tua: and 4 barges 
 ofif Cape Cod. 
 
 — Dr. von Seydler, Austrian Premier, and Cabinet re- 
 sign. 
 
 July 22 — Fishing schooner is sunk by German sub- 
 marine, CO miles southeast of Cape Porpoise. 
 
 — United States schooner Robert and Richard sunk by 
 German submarine off Cape Ann ; none lost. 
 
 — United States and French forces advance, occupy 
 area on south between Soissons-Chateau-Thierry road 
 and the Ourcq. On the Marne, United States and 
 French pursue fleeing Germans, who destroy villages 
 and supplies. 
 
 July 23 — On the west Americans capture Buzancy and 
 Jaulgonne on the Marne. French in centre take 
 Oulchy. On the east British capture Petitchamp 
 Wood, near Marfau.x. 
 
 —French in Picardy capture heights of Mailly-Rain- 
 dal, overlooking Valley of Avre. 
 
 July 24 — French and United States troops, in Marne 
 salient, converge from west and south on Fere-en- 
 Tardenois. Americans regain Epieds, north of 
 Marne; advance to Courpoil. British repulse attack 
 at Vrigny. 
 
 ■ — Total German casualties since Gen. Foch's drive be- 
 gan estimated at 180,000. 
 
 — .Several thousand British munition workers strike. 
 
 —Japan agrees to all United States proposals for joint 
 action in Russia. 
 
 ^Franco-British airmen bomb Bazoches, Courlandon, 
 Fismes and Cugnicourt. 
 
 — From beginning of present drive to date Allies hav 
 taken 25,000 prisoners, 500 cannon, thousands of ma- 
 chine guns ; one-seventh of captives are boys of 19. 
 
 July 25 — Allies continue to close the pocket of the 
 Aisne-Marne salient. British advance southwest of 
 Rheims, between the Ardre and the Vesle. French 
 are within 3 miles of towns of Fere-en-Tardenois. 
 Americans coming up from the Mauie are 5 miles 
 away. The bulk of the German army is southeast of 
 a line between Fismes and Pere. 
 
 July 2.5 — Steamship Tippecanoe, outward bound, ' 5rpe- 
 doed and sunk ; crew lost. 
 
 — Baron von Hussarek, Minister of Education, succeeds 
 Dr. von Seydler as Austrian Premier. 
 
 July 20 — French recapture Villemontoire and take 
 Oulchy-le-Chateau and several hundred prisoners. 
 Southwest of Rheims Allies lose Mery. British de- 
 feat German attempt to retake Metteren. In region 
 of Epieds and Trugny, United States troops defeat 
 the Germans. 
 
 ^Lloyd George announces strikers must eithr- work 
 or fight. London reports the number of strikers in 
 munition factories has been exaggerated. 
 
 — Portuguese bark Pcrto sunk by German submarine 
 550 miles off American coast ; entire crew saved. 
 
 — United States and French troops advance 10 miles 
 on river sector of Marne salient, shutting off Germans 
 from the Marne. 
 
 ^Americans clear the woods on north bank and French 
 push eastward. 
 
 — Seizure of 2 men, accused of trying to blow up a war 
 plant at Irvington-on-the-Hudson. 
 
 July 29 — In Marne salient French and Americans ad- 
 vance 2 to 3 miles on 20-miIe front, taking many vil- 
 lages : Bligne, Ville-en-Tardenois captured on the 
 east ; Cierges and Villers-Argron in center. On the 
 west French capture Grand-Rozey. 
 
 July 30 — Americans and French lose and regain Cierges 
 and Beugneux and push ahead 2 miles. 
 
 — Allied Embassies to Russia, including United States, 
 removed from Archangel to Kamalaska. 
 
 — Baron von Hussarek, new Austrian Premier, declares 
 Austria ready for honorable peace as soon as oppo- 
 nents renounce hostile plans. 
 
 — United States and British draft treaty goes into ef- 
 fect; British and Canadians have 60 days in which to 
 enlist; treaty does not affect Irish or Australians. 
 
 July 31 — Field Marshal von Eichhorn, German com- 
 mander and virtual dictator in the Ukraine, assassm- 
 ated at Kieff. 
 
 — Gen. March, United States Chief of Staff, announces 
 discontinuance of all distinctions as to Regular, Na- 
 tional Army and National Guard, and says sole ob- 
 ject of armies now is to kill men. 
 
 — Onondaga Indians of New York declare war on Ger- 
 many. 
 
 Aug. 1 — Allies drive Germans from edge of Forest of 
 Nesle and before Sergy, and straighten out line from 
 Buzancy to Cierges and the Meuniere Wood; in cen- 
 ter Americans advance mile and a half on Fismes 
 road, from Sergy toward Chamery. 
 
 — French report taking 33,400 prisoners, July 15 to 31. 
 English report prisoners taken during July, 4,503. 
 
 Aug. 3 — Allies advance on 30-mile to the Aisne and the 
 Vesle, regain 50 villages, obliterate remnant of Marne 
 salient. Germans evacuate positions on front of 3 
 miles west of the Ancre and withdraw east of that 
 stream. 
 
 — Americans reach outskirts of Fismes.. Allied patrols 
 west of Rheims hold Vesle fords. 
 
 — Gen. March says it was the Rainbow Division of New 
 York that last week defeated the Prussian Guard. 
 
 — British ambulance transport Warilda. with 600 ill and 
 wounded soldiers, homeward bound, sunk by Ger- 
 man submarine near a British port ; 123 missing. 
 
 — Steamer Lake Portage torpedoed in lat. 47 deg. 46 
 min. N., long. 4 deg. 44 min. W. ; 3 of crew killed. 
 
 — Steamer O. B. Jennings sunk by submarine 100 miles 
 off North Carolina coast; 1 killed, several injured. 
 
 Aug. 4 — German retreat in Aisne district continues 
 United States and French troops occupy Fismes and 
 cross Vesle at four points. French occupy St. Vaast. 
 
 — In Montdidier salient Germans withdraw on 5 to 10- 
 niile front. French occupy left bank of the Avre. 
 British reoccupy Pernancourt and Hamel. 
 
 Aug. 5 — Germans continue withdrawal on the Ancre 
 and the Avre. United States troops complete cap- 
 ture of Fismes. French regain the Amiens-Montdidier 
 railroad. Germans evacuate Lys salient, north of La 
 Bassee Canal and east of Robecq, pressed closclv by 
 British. 
 
 — Russian and Finnish delegates meet in Berlin to draw 
 p.eace agreement. 
 
 . — Paris again shelled by "Fat Bertha." 
 
 Aug. .5 — Schooner Gladys J. Holland torpedoed and 
 sunk 15 miles off Ironbound Island. 
 
 ■ — LTnited States troops land at Archangel. 
 
 — Submarine chaser No. 187 collides with another ves- 
 sel near Hog Island, off Virginia coast, and sinks ; 
 no lives lost. 
 
 ■ — United States schooner Stanley M. Seaman stopped 
 by a German submarine 100 miles east of Cape Hat- 
 teras, which takes off stores. 
 
 Aug. 6 — On Somme salient British put entire German 
 27th Division out of action. Allies repulse all at- 
 tempts to dislodge them. Rainy weather halts oper- 
 ations. 
 
 — Roumania sign, treaty of peace with Central Pow- 
 ers, by vhich she loses province of Dobrudja, on south 
 side of Danube, and makes economic concessions. 
 
 — Dewitt C. Poole, United States Consul General in 
 Moscow, destroys his codes and records and turns 
 over business of consulate to Swedish officials. 
 
 — LTnited States steamship Morak (3,023 gross tons) 
 sunk by submarine off Cape Hatteras. 
 
 XVIII 
 
Aug. 7 — United States and French troops cross the 
 Vesle. British troops advance between Lawe and 
 Clarice Rivers 1,000 yards and rush German post near 
 Vieux Berquin, in Lys sector. 
 
 — Lloyd George, in House of Commons, says ISO U- 
 boats have been sunk; 75 last year. 
 
 • — Major Gen. Graves is named to command United 
 States Siberian contingent. 
 
 — Fresh mutiny is reported among German sailors at 
 Wilhelmshaven ; SO submarines said to have disap- 
 peared; 23 leaders of revolt sentenced to death. 
 
 — German raider sinks Diamond Shoals Lightship No. 
 71. 
 
 — The President puts in effect law to prevent use of 
 United States ships or yards by foreign interests. 
 
 Aug. 8 — British and French Armies, commanded by 
 Field Marshal Haig, launch new offensive in Somme 
 salient ; take Germans by surprise ; penetrate 7 miles ; 
 occupy many towns; take 7,000 prisoners and 100 
 guns. 
 
 — Allied detachments move south from Archangel to 
 Vologda, and attack Bolshevik columns, reinforced 
 by Germans. A Japanese Lieutenant General is in 
 command. 
 
 Aug. 9 — Swedish steamship bombed and sunk 100 miles 
 southeast of Nantucket ; British vessel rescues crew. 
 
 — Anglo-French wedge driven 13 miles into flank of 
 German position south of the Somme. Morlancourt 
 captured and tlie Albert railroad reached, outflanking 
 Montdidier. Germans begin evacuating Lys salient. 
 British and French take 17,000 prisoners. Berlin ad- 
 mits losses, but claims Allied drive has been stopped. 
 
 — German aviators drop peace propaganda over French 
 lines, with threats to destroy Paris unless France 
 makes peace. 
 
 — Russian Premier Lenine tells Soviets Russia is at war 
 with the Entente. 
 
 — Gen. Otani, of Japenese Army, named to lead United 
 States and Allied troops in Siberia. 
 
 —A summary of results of the Allies' Marne offensive 
 shows they captured 200 towns and villages, 1.000 
 square miles of territory and shortened their line 
 33 miles. 
 
 Aug. 10 — United States schooners Katy Palmer, Reli- 
 ance and Alida May sunk by German submarine, also 
 the Sybil and Mary Sennett of Gloucester, Mass. 
 
 — French capture Montdidier and reach Chaulnes. 
 United States troops capture Chipillv. British ad- 
 vance toward Braye; take nearly 400 guns and more 
 than 24,000 prisoners. The 27th Division "Empire," 
 New York, is with the British Army in Flanders. 
 
 Aug. 11 — French make appreciable progress between the 
 Oise and the Avre; close in on Lassigny from east 
 and south, and bombard Roye-Noyon road. British 
 and French fight for Chaulnes. 
 
 —British airmen on second day of Picardv offensive 
 shoot down 61 German flyers, making total 126 for 
 2 days. 
 
 — Bolshevik leaders prepare for flight, as counter revo- 
 lutionary movement spreads in Russia. 
 
 — Aviators report Germans digging in and stringing 
 barbed wire before Franco-American positions on 
 the Vesle. 
 
 Aug. 11— Estimated that 36,000 prisoners, including 
 more than 1,000 officers, captured so far in Allied of- 
 fensive in Picardy. 
 
 —Nine United States fishing boats off Georgia's banks 
 sunk by U-boat. 
 
 —London reports 187 German flyers shot down in Pic- 
 ardy so far ; the British losing 84. 
 
 — British steamship Penistone torpedoed by submarine 
 100 miles east of Nantucket. 
 
 Aug. 12 — Allied advance slows up. Americans capture 
 Bray. French take Gury. 
 
 —Disorder grows in Moscow. German Ambassador 
 flees to Pskoff. 
 
 —Norwegian steamer Soinerstad sunk by torpedo 2S 
 miles off Fire Island; no casualties. 
 
 Aug. 13— The Echo de Paris states that since Allied 
 counter offensive began July 18, Allies have taken 
 more than 70,000 prisoners, 1,000 guns, 10,000 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 — London announces for the five day fighting on Pic- 
 ardy front British have won 277 aerial victories ; Ger- 
 mans 101. 
 
 — United States steamship Frederic Kellogg torpedoed; 
 2 naval reserve men lost. 
 
 — French troops occupy Thiescourt Plateau, repulse an 
 attack, gain command of the Divette and Oise Val- 
 leys and threaten Lassigny. Roye is being envel- 
 oped by British on the nortli and French on the south. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Commerstoedt torpedoed off 
 Fire Island. 
 
 — On the Vesle Franco-Americans are pushed out of 
 Fismette, but recover it by counter attack. 
 
 — French transport Djemnah sunk in Mediterranean; 
 442 men missing. 
 
 — Steamer Frederick R. Kellogg torpedoed off Barne- 
 gat Light ; 3 killed, 4 missing. 
 
 Aug. 14 — Allies make further gains at both ends of 
 Somme salient. French capture Ribecourt, and Ger- 
 mans evacuate positions at Beaumont-Hamel, Serre, 
 Puisieux-au-Mont and Bucquoy, above the Avre. 
 English strengthen positions along Somme, between 
 Etinehem and Bray. 
 
 — Capt. James Fitzmorris of Royal Flying Corps killed 
 near Cincinnati while flying from Indianapolis to Day- 
 ton. 
 
 — Schooner Dorothy Barrett attacked by submarine near 
 Cape May, N. J. Crew abandon vessel, which takes 
 fire ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. IS — Canadian troops capture villages of Damery 
 and Parvillers, northwest of Roye. British advance 
 northwest of Chaulnes; their patrols enter Albert. 
 
 ■ — French make local gains between the Metz and the 
 Oise Rivers. 
 
 — Prisoners taken on western front now number 
 30,344. 
 
 — Allies from Archangel penetrate 100 miles from Arch- 
 angel along railway to Vologda. 
 
 — First of United States contingent to operate in Si- 
 beria, 27tli LTnited States Infantry, from Philippines, 
 lands at Vladivostok. 
 
 — A British column, pushing up through Persia, reaches 
 Baku, on the Caspian Sea. 
 
 — United States schooner Madingadah shelled and sunk 
 by submarine near Winter Quarter Shoals Light Ves- 
 sel. 
 
 • — United States steamer Cubore (7,300 tons) sunk by 
 submarine ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 16 — French and British approach Roye and repulse 
 counter attack on Damery. British push up the valley 
 on both sides of the Ancre, reach the outskirts of 
 Thiepval Wood. Germans evacuate Vieux-Berquin, 
 on Lys salient. 
 
 —The Don Cossacks clear left bank of the Don and 
 move south. 
 
 — Large tank steamer shelled off Cape Hatteras by a 
 submarine and reported on fire ; entire crew saved. 
 
 — United States cargo ship Montanan (6,6S9 gross tons) 
 torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 5 men miss- 
 ing. 
 
 ^A second Unifed States transport carrying troops 
 from Manila lands at Vladivostok. 
 
 — United States air squadron of 18 De Haviland ma- 
 chines (4 type), equipped with Liberty motors, makes 
 successful flight over German lines. 
 
 — Paris estimates loss in Germans killed since war be- 
 gan at 1,400,000. 
 
 — The two Kaisers meet at German grand headquarters 
 in Berlin. 
 
 — Reports from Austria to effect that Austria's Con- 
 stitution will be revised and provision made for 
 division of Austro-Hungarian Empire into states au- 
 tonomous in home aft'airs. 
 
 — United States steamer Westbridge (8,800 tons) sunk 
 by torpedo with loss of 3. 
 
 XIX 
 
Aug. 16— British steamer Escrick (4,151 tons) torpedoed 
 about 500 miles off French coast; 13 of 37 picked up; 
 rest missing. 
 
 Aug. 17 — United States cargo ship Joseph Cudahy tor- 
 pedoed -about 700 miles from English coast; 13 of 
 crew rescued ; 63 missing. 
 
 — French capture plateau north of Autreches, between 
 the Somnie and the Marne salients. 
 
 — Americans in the Vosges, east of St. Die, capture vil- 
 lage of Frapelle. 
 
 — Japanese troops land at Vladivostok. 
 
 — A belated message tells of capture of Irkutsk by the 
 Czecho-Slovaks. 
 
 — A message via Berlin says Soviet troops have sur- 
 rounded and are bombing Kazan. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports 2 destroyers sunk by mines, 
 with loss of life. 
 
 — French cruiser Dupetit Thouras sunk by U-boat. 
 
 —Austria denounced British recognition of Czecho-Slo- 
 vaks as a nation and says they will be regarded and 
 treated as traitors. 
 
 —Gen. March says there are 1,450,000 United States 
 soldiers in expeditionary forces in all parts of the 
 world. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship San Jose sunk by submarine; 
 no lives lost, and bark Nordhav off Cape Henry. 
 
 Aug. 18 — Americans in village of Frapelle, on western 
 front, repulse enemy patrol raids and make advances 
 in spite of Germans throwing .2,500 shells. 
 
 — Forty survivors of torpedoed British tanker Mirlo 
 reach Norfolk minus all their clothes, after having 
 fought their way through a sea of burning oil; 10 
 were burned to death. 
 
 Aug. 19 — French reach outskirts of Lassigny. British 
 capture Roye, a railroad station. In Lys salient Brit- 
 ish advance on a front of 10 miles and enter Mer- 
 ville. Northwest of Soissons French capture 2,200 
 prisoners. 
 
 — Aviation statistics for four American squadrons up 
 to Aug. 1 show 59 German planes downed, exclusive 
 of Lufbery's. 
 
 Aug. 20 — Marshal Foch begins drive on 15-mile front 
 between the Aisne and the Oise ; advances nearly 3 
 miles ; captures a dozen villages and 8,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Czecho-Siovak forces in Western Siberia capture 
 Shadrinsk. on the Siberian Railroad, east of the Urals. 
 
 — Major dAnnunzio, Italy's poet-airman, flies 100 miles 
 across the Adriatic Sea to Pola, the Austrian naval 
 base, and drops 14 bombs on the arsenal. 
 
 • — Steam trawler Triumph is captured by a submarine 
 and converted into a raider to prey upon fishing ves- 
 sels. 
 
 Aug. 21 — Gen. March announces 33 United States army 
 divisions on French soil. 
 
 — British troops capture Albert, in Lys salient: reach 
 outskirts of Neuf-Berquin. French widen front on 
 south bank of Oise; cross the Ailette; approach for- 
 est of Coucy, north of Oise; reach Divette River; 
 take a large number of guns and prisoners. 
 
 - — Paris reports capture of 100,000 Germans on western 
 front since July 19 ; defeat of 6 German armies since 
 Aug. 15. 
 —The Lake Eden torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 
 6 killed, 7 missing. 
 
 — United States bombing airplanes drop 38 bombs on 
 Confians, a town on Verdun-Metz railroad. 
 
 — Allied airplanes kill 5, injure 3 and damage private 
 property at Cologne. 
 
 Aug. 23 — At Paris a barge loaded with 540 tons of gas- 
 oline, belonging to United States expeditionary forces, 
 takes fire. 
 
 — Allied representatives at Archangel announce they 
 have come at invitation of rightfully constituted Rus- 
 sian Government to expel the Germans and overturn 
 the Lenine-Trotsky peace treaty. 
 
 — The Gasconier, a Belgian Relief Commission ship, on 
 way to Belgium, outside war zone, with cargo of food, 
 sunk by submarine and lifeboats fired on ; officer and 
 5 men killed; others wounded. 
 
 Aug. 23— British airmen bomb Karlsruhe; 9 killed, 6 in- 
 jured. 
 
 — Australians take Chugues and Chugnolles Valley and 
 4,000 prisoners, including 3 battalion commanders; 
 shoot down 3 low flying German air machines by air 
 machines. British airmen attack airdrome at Buhl 
 and railway junction at Treves. 
 
 — Germans defeated on 50-mile front by British and 
 French from the Cojeul to the Ailette, losing many 
 towns, men and guns. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Frankfort, Cologne and Mann- 
 heim. 
 
 — Gen. Foch receives his baton as a Marshal of France 
 from President Poincare. 
 
 — Gen. Semenoff. with force of Czecho-Slovaks, defeats 
 a Magyar-Bolshevist force at Montsievskaia. Siberia. 
 
 — Bray, La Boisselle, Orvillers. Mouquet Farm, Thiepval 
 and Grandcourt are captured with 2,000 prisoners. 
 West of Fismes United States troops carry line as 
 far as Soissons-Rheims road. 
 
 — Two seaplanes collide in fog off Fire Island; 3 of 
 crew missing. 
 
 — Gen. Haig continues advance from the Ancre to 
 the Somme. British capture Sapignies and Behag- 
 nies, towns north of Bapaume. Welsh troops capture 
 Mametz Woods. French are in possession of entire 
 south bank of the Oise and the Ailette River, from 
 the Oise to Pont St. Hard. 
 
 Aug. 24 — United States troops advance east of Ba- 
 zoches ; repel German raid in the Vosges. 
 
 — Austrian airmen bomb city of Padua. 
 
 — British advance toward Bapaume, in Picardy. on 30- 
 mile front; capture Thiepval, take Bray, La Boisselle, 
 Moquett Farm and Grandcourt; surround town of 
 Miraumont. United States troops advance on half- 
 mile front to Soissons-Rheims road. 
 
 — Submarine chaser No. 209 shelled and sunk by a 
 steamship, Felix Taussig, by mistake; commander 
 and 15 of crew missing; 4 killed, 5 injured. 
 
 Aug. 25 — British advance 10 miles on 30-mile front, 
 capture La Boisselle, take over 17,000 prisoners; at- 
 tack Bapaume defenses, take Warlencourt. Sapignies 
 and St. Leger. French occupy entire south bank of 
 the Oise, west of the Ailette and the Ailette River, 
 from the Oise to Pont Mt. Marel ; drive Germans from 
 the plateau of Andignicourt, Nanpcel and Carlepont 
 and from heights west of the Ailette. 
 
 — German submarine sinks United States schooner F. J. 
 Flaherty and Canadian fishing vessels E. B. Walters, 
 C. M. Walters and Morris B. Adams ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 25, 26, 27, 28 — Allied war planes bombard Con- 
 stantinople 4 times in 3 nights. 
 
 Aug. 26 — British take Monchy and other towns on old 
 Hindenburg line and 1,500 prisoners. French cap- 
 ture Fresnoy, near Roye, and defeat an attack by 
 Prussian Guards on the Ailette. 
 
 — British air raid on Mannheim damages chemical 
 plants. 
 
 — Lenine, Bolshevik Premier of Russia, and Trotsky, 
 War Minister, reported to have taken refuge on ves- 
 sels at Kronstadt and Petrograd respectively. 
 
 Aug. 27 — French capture Roye, take 1,100 prisoners. 
 French extend line on Oise nearly a mile. British 
 again pierce Hindenburg line; capture Dompierre 
 and Montaubin and enter Bapaume. South of Somme 
 Canadians take 2,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Count von Bernstorff appointed German envoy at 
 Constantinople. 
 
 Aug. 28 — Allies advance on Somme front. French take 
 Chaulnes and Nesle, 40 villages, reach Canal du Nord. 
 British capture Trones Wood and outflank Arras- 
 Cambrai road. Canadians on the Scarpe take 2,000 
 prisoners. Germans attack Fismette. 
 
 — Gen. March says United States troops and Allies in 
 8 weeks since July 1 have taken 102,000 prisoners, 
 1,300 guns. War Department estimates on basis of 
 prisoners captured that Germany in same period must 
 have lost nearly 350,000 killed and wounded. 
 
 XX 
 
Aug. 29 — British take Bapaume. French take Noyon. 
 Gen. Mangin crosses the Oise; captures Morlincourt. 
 United States and French troops capture Juvigny, but 
 lose Cbavigny. British capture Ginchy and outflank 
 Peronne. British have taken since Aug. 21, 26,000 
 prisoners. 
 
 Aug. 30 — British capture Bullecourt and reach Wotan 
 line. Germans retreat from Flanders. British oc- 
 cupy Bailleul ; capture Conblis and advance toward 
 Peronne. United States and French retake Chavigny 
 and extend line east of Coucy. 
 
 — United States steamer Omega (3,6a6 tons) torpedoed 
 and sunk ; 29 missing. 
 
 Aug. 31 — British capture Mt. Kemmel, southwest of 
 Ypres and Mt. St. Quentin, and 1,.500 prisoners. 
 French cross Canal du Nord, in Somme region ; cap- 
 ture Chevilly. 
 
 — Nicholas Lenine, Bolshevik Premier, wounded twice 
 by assailant. 
 
 — Spanish steamship Ataz-Mendi, carrying coal from 
 England to Spain, torpedoed and sunk ; no lives lost. 
 Spain seizes all interned German vessels. 
 
 Sept. 1 — United States troops advance about 2 miles be- 
 yond Juvigny ; take 600 prisoners. Allies take Pe- 
 ronne. Australians take 2,000 prisoners. Allies ad- 
 vance from south of Somme to Lys salient in Flan- 
 ders. French advance north of the Ailette; gain foot- 
 hold in wood west of Coucy-le-Chateau; take Crecy- 
 au-Mont and 1,000 prisoners. 
 
 — During August British take 57,318 German prison- 
 ers (1,283 officers), 657 guns, over 5,790 machine 
 guns, over 1,000 trench mortars, 3 trrains, 9 locomo- 
 tives. 
 
 — British advance in Macedonia north of Alcakmah and 
 west of Vardar River. 
 
 Sept. 2 — On western front Allied forces have taken 
 since July 15, 128,302 prisoners, 2,069 guns, 1,734 mine 
 throwers, 13,783 machine guns. 
 
 — British nierce Droecourt-Queant line; take LeTrans- 
 loy, Dury, Cagnicourt and Bois-le-Bouche. Cana- 
 dians gain over 3 miles. English reach outskirts of 
 Beugny, and take Villers-au-Fois. English and Aus- 
 tralians drive Germans from St. Pierre-Vaast Wood 
 and take villages of Allines and Haut-Allines. French 
 occupy Neuilly, Terny, Sorny and advance north of 
 Crony. 
 
 — British airmen bomb airdrome at Buhl. 
 
 Sept. 3 — Germans flee from the Scarpe to the Somme. 
 Gen. Haig captures 16,000 men. British advance be- 
 tween Epehy and Vermand and break through Wotan 
 switch line. 
 
 — United States cargo ship Lake Owens (2,308 gross 
 tons) sunk by gunfire in foreign waters. 
 
 — United States steamer Frank H. Buck sinks a sub- 
 marine in mid-Atlantic by gunfire. 
 
 Sept. 4 — On west front British cross Canal du Nord, 
 push down from Queant to within 6 miles of Cam- 
 brai. French gain northeast of Noyon and cross 
 Vesle on 20-mile front. 
 
 — Despatches to United States State Department an- 
 nounce destruction of Bolshevik army east of Lake 
 Baikal. The Omsk Provisional Government declares 
 war on Germany. All Americans in Petrograd re- 
 ported safe. 
 
 — Powder factory at Plauen, Saxony, blows up. Out 
 of 6,800 women employed, 13 escape. 
 
 Sept. 5 — Allies advance on 90-mile front. British from 
 below Peronne to Equancourt take Hill No. 63, be- 
 yond Wulverghem and Ploegsteert. French advance 
 beyond Canal du Nord, from above the Nesle to north 
 of Noyon. 
 
 — Since Aug. 1 British have taken about 70,000 prison- 
 ers. French and Americans about 40,000. 
 
 -—United States troops advance over plateau between the 
 Vesle and the Aisne. 
 
 — United States steamer Mount Vernon struck by tor- 
 pedo 200 miles off French coast ; 35 men killed by 
 explosion; reaches port by its own steam. 
 
 Sept. 6 — British advance 3 miles on 12-miIe front east of 
 
 Peronne. 
 • — British transport Persic (12,042 tons) carrying 2,800 
 United States troops, torpedoed by German subma- 
 rine 200 miles off English coast; all on board saved. 
 
 Sept. 7 — General retreat of Germans on front of 100 
 miles, Arras-Cambrai sector to Rheims. British 
 advance 9 miles beyond the Somme ; take Haucourt, 
 Sorel-le-Grand and Metz-en-Centerre. French cross 
 St. Quentin Canal; take Tugny Bridge and station at 
 St. Simon, also Tergniar, 3 miles from La Fere. Brit- 
 ish airmen bomb Mannheim, poison gas center. 
 
 Sept. 8 — Allies advance 3 miles toward St. Quentin. 
 French advance within 2 miles of La Fere. British 
 occupy Villeveque, Roisel and Ste.-Emilie. United 
 States troops take village of Glennes. 
 
 Sept. 8 — During first week in September British take 
 19,000 prisoners. 
 
 — United States refugees from Russia reach Stockholm. 
 
 — Secretary of War Baker, John D. Ryan, Director of 
 Aircraft Production and Surgeon Gen. Gorgas ar- 
 rive in Paris for war conference. 
 
 Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
 line ; take Gouzeaucourt Wood and occupy Vermand 
 and Vendelles. French again cross Crozat Canal, op- 
 posite Liez; hold entire length of canal. 
 
 — All British and French Consuls throughout Russia 
 controlled by Bolsheviki are imprisoned. Soviet Gov- 
 ernment offers to exchange diplomatists with Eng- 
 land, provided she guarantee safe conduct of all 
 Russians held in London. 
 
 — Five hundred and twelve counter revolutionists at 
 Petrograd shot in reprisal for killing of Moses 
 Uritzky. Bolshevik Commissioner, and 35 land owners 
 put to death on account of attack on Premier Lenine. 
 
 Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
 line ; now less than 4 miles from St. Quentin, 2 from 
 La Fere, 1 from St. Gobain. 
 
 — British airmen bomb U-boat shelters at Bruges and 
 docks at Ostend. 
 
 — Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, 
 in address to Vienna newspaper men, says military de- 
 cision by Central Powers is doubtful, and proposes 
 calm exchange of views with the Entente Powers. 
 
 — Ambassador Francis reports recent supplementary 
 treaty between Germany and Russia, which requires 
 expulsion of Allies from Russian territory and pay- 
 ment of 6,000,000 marks by Russia to Germany. 
 
 — Steamer Berwind sunk by German submarine; 4 of 
 crew lost. 
 
 Sept. 11 — French capture Travecy, on Hindenburg line, 
 2 miles north of La Fere. British advance near to 
 Cambrai and St. Quentin. Germans counter attack 
 Franco-Americans and suffer heavy losses. 
 
 — On western front during month of August French 
 bombing machines bring down 280 German airplanes 
 and 66 captive balloons. 
 
 — Bolsheviki advancing toward Ekaterinburg, east of 
 LIral Mountains, are defeated by Czecho-Slovaks and 
 Siberian forces ; lose 1,000 men, 3 armored trains and 
 11 locomotives, 60 machine gur:s. 
 
 — French repulse 6 German attacks in region of Laffaux 
 and Celles-sur-Aisne. British advance in direction of 
 Attilly and Vermand. 
 
 Sept. 13 — British advance near Cambrai and around 
 La Bassee. Gen. Pershing's forces practically wipe 
 out St. Mihiel salient; take 12,000 prisoners, 60 big 
 guns. The railway, Verdun to Toul and Nancy via 
 St. Mihiel, intact and open to the Allies. Secretary 
 Baker and Gens. Pershing and Petain visit St. Mihiel 
 a few hours after its capture. 
 
 — Allied airmen bomb Metz and Courcelles. 
 
 Sept. 15 — British capture Maissemy, northwe.st of St. 
 Quentin. United States troops advance 2 to 3 miles 
 on 33-mile front ; capture 200 cannon in St. Mihiel 
 wedge. Fortress of Metz opens fire on Allied forces. 
 
 — British steamship Galway Castle sunk by U-boat; 120 
 lost, 90 of them women and children. 
 
 — Germany makes peace offer to Belgium. 
 
 XXI 
 
Sept. 16 — Britisli cross St. Quentin Canal in two places; 
 take 6,00 prisoners. British and French advance 2 
 to 3 miles on 21-mile front. United States and Brit- 
 ish flyers raid Lorraine territory with bombs ; many 
 giant Plandley-Paige machines nsed by Americans. 
 
 — Germans, aiding Bnlgars in Macedonia, defeated by 
 .Serbs, who take 4,000 prisoners, 50 guns. 
 
 — Nine Coast Guard men of United States Seneca die 
 in trying to save British steamer Wellington, torpe- 
 doed. 
 
 — British advance in neighborhood of Ploegsteert and 
 \ pres and north of Arras-Cambrai road. French 
 capture Vailly and Mont-des- Singes, one of the keys 
 to Laon. United States forces establish ney line on 
 St. Mihiel front, engineers repair highways in salient, 
 preparing for further pursuit of Germans. 
 
 — In Macedonia, British begin drive on 10-mile front, 
 carry first and second Bulgar lines ; take 800 pris- 
 oners and 10 .guns. 
 
 — Czecho-Slovaks appeal for Allied help to hasten. 
 
 Sept. 18 — United States rejects Austro-Hungarian peace 
 proposal. 
 
 — United States steamer Buena Ventura torpedoed on 
 voyage, Bordeaux to Philadelphia ; 3 boats with 64 
 men missing. 
 
 Sept. 17 — Germans strengthen trenches in front of St. 
 Mihiel .salient; burn towns in Moselle region. 
 
 — In Macedonia, Allies advance 5 miles on i2-mile front ; 
 take Gradeshnitza, 3,000 prisoners and 24 guns (Jugo- 
 slav division fi.ghting with the French). 
 
 — Serbians reach Koziak. 
 
 — Italians niake 5 attacks on Tassen Ridge ; are repulsed 
 by Austrians. 
 
 Sept. 18 — British advance 3 miles ; take Epehy, Peiziere 
 and Gauchy Wood and 6,000 prisoners. French gain 
 over a mile. 
 
 — Franco-Serb forces advance 10 miles on 20-mile 
 front; cross Gradeshnitza; take 4,000 prisoners. Uni- 
 ted States tanks attack on the St. Mihiel salient ; enter 
 villages of Nousard, Pommes, La Marche and Binney. 
 
 Sept. 19 — English troops take Lenipier and Gauchy 
 Wood. Australians carry Hindenburg outposts in 
 front of Hargicourt, Villeret and Le Vergnier. French 
 reach Dallon, beyond FranciUy and Salency, 2 miles 
 from St. Quentin. Germans counter attack on north- 
 ern part of British front and on French front in Sois- 
 sons sector. 
 
 — In Macedonia, Serbs penetrate Bulgar defenses on 25- 
 mile front; advance 15 to 17 miles; take 5,000 pris- 
 oners, 80 guns. 
 
 — General Allenby, in Palestine, attacks Turks on 16-mile 
 front; breaks through between Rafat and the sea and 
 advances 12 miles ; takes 3,000 prisoners. 
 
 — British evacuate Baku, on the Caspian Sea, and with- 
 draw to Persian base. 
 
 — German Ambassador, in Vienna, presents Germany's 
 reply to Austro-Hungarian peace note, and says Ger- 
 many is ready to participate in proposed exchange of 
 ideas. 
 
 Sept. 20 — On the western front British retake Moeuvres. 
 
 ■ — Since Sept. 18, 18 German divisions have been de- 
 feated by United Kingdom and Australian troops; 
 10.000 prisoners and more than 60 guns taken. 
 
 —British Air Ministry reports 60 tons of bombs dropped 
 on German territory in 5 days, chiefly poison gas and 
 airplane factories at Mannheim, at Daimler works 
 at Stuttgart, railway station at Frankfort and docks 
 and sidings at Karlsruhe; 101 German machines de- 
 stroyed, 37 disabled ; British losses, 50. 
 
 — Austrian U-boat sinks French submarine Circe ; sec- 
 ond officer the only survivor. 
 
 —An enemy submarine captures United States steam 
 trawler Kingfisher after torpedoing it, 95 miles oi¥ 
 English coast ; the crew escapes. 
 
 — United States steamer Ticonderoga (5,130 tons) sunk 
 by submarine in midocean without warning; 10 offi- 
 cers, 102 enlisted men lost ; 2 oflScers, 5 men taken 
 prisoners. 
 
 — Allied air forces bomb Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Bolnay, 
 
 Frascaty and Mohange. 
 — In Central Macedonia, Serbs advance 12 miles, taking 
 16 villages. German and Bulgar reinforcements arrive. 
 Sept. 21 — French troops take town of Benay, south- 
 east of Essigny. British improve position west of 
 Messines and south of Ypres. British yield in some 
 places, but make net advance ; take 400 prisoners. 
 The Americans now 10 miles from Metz and the same 
 from Conflans. 
 —Serbians, east of Monastir, advance 5 miles, occupy 
 
 10 villages. 
 —Gen. March, United States Chief of Staff, says 1,750,- 
 
 000 soldiers have been sent abroad. 
 — United States Government directs its Ambassadors 
 and Ministers in neutral and Allied countries to as- 
 certain whether Governments to which they are ac- 
 credited will join in immediate action to protest 
 against Russian terrorism. 
 —Japanese Cabinet, headed by Field ]\Iarshal Count 
 
 Terauchy, resigns. 
 Sept. 22 — United States troops make 2 raids on Ger- 
 mans northeast of St. Alihiel; take 34 prisoners, 2 
 machine guns. 
 — Serbian forces advance in region of Cebren, take high 
 
 crest near Porta and Czena. 
 — In Palestine, Gen. Allenby advances beyond Nazareth, 
 
 taking 1S,0(X) prisoners, 120 guns, much ammunition. 
 — The Havas Agency, chief French news bureau 
 says Allies took 185,(XX) prisoners in last 2 months, 
 and estimates enemy's losses of men unable to return 
 to the ranks at 600.000. 
 Sept. 23 — On western front 2 British airmen in 1 ma- 
 chine capture 65 Germans, directing them to the Brit- 
 ish lines. On Lorraine front "American Flying Cir- 
 cus" now accredited with 137 aerial victories. 
 —In Macedonia, northeast of Monastir, French cav- 
 alry capture Prilet. In Doiran region Anglo-Greek 
 forces join with Franco-Greeks in pursuit of Bulga- 
 rians. Anglo-Greeks reach Smokvitsa, an advanceof 
 10 miles. 
 — In Palestine, British cavalry capture Acre and Es 
 Salt and Port of Hisa. Arab Allies take Malan ; pris- 
 oners in drive exceed 25,000. 
 Sept. 24 — Count von Hertling, in Reichstag, declares 
 public discontent in Germany not justified by military 
 situation on western front ; he admits the situation is 
 grave, but says: "We have no cause to be faint- 
 hearted; we have already had to pass through harder 
 times." 
 Sept. 25— On western front British occupy Village of 
 Selency; make slight advance near Inchy west of 
 Cambrai. In same sector French take 10 German offi- 
 cers and more than 500 men ; take by assault the Vil- 
 lage of I'Epine-de-Dallon. United States long-range 
 guns bombard Metz and civilians begin packing. 
 — On the Macedonian front Bulgarians are retreating on 
 130-mile front; whole of Monastir- Prilep-Gradsko 
 road, connecting the two Bulgar armies, is in the 
 hands of the Allies. Italian troops in western Mace- 
 donia occupy heights north of Topolchani, between 
 Monastir and Prilep. 
 — London announces officially 40,000 prisoners, 265 
 
 guns, taken by Gen. Allenby's forces in Palestine. 
 — Ottawa issues statement Canadian net war losses to 
 Aug. 1, 115,806 (this includes killed, died of wounds, 
 missing, prisoners of war, and men discharged as 
 medically unfit). 
 — British airmen bomb Frankfort and German air- 
 dromes at Buhl and Kaiserlauten. 
 — Russian Bolshevik Government issues decree to end 
 
 reign of terror and return to orderly methods. 
 Sept. 26 — United States troops, on 20-mile front, ad- 
 vance 7 miles between Argonne Forest and Verdun ; 
 take 12 towns, 5,000 prisoners. Left of the Ameri- 
 cans, French advance 4 miles retake strong positions. 
 — British occupy Amman, in Palestine ; hold the River 
 Jordan: with the Arabs surround 4th Turkish Army 
 of 25,000; prisoners now number 45,000. 
 
 XXII 
 
— Serbs capture Veles, 25 miles southeast of Uskub and 
 Istip; also take Kochana. British capture Strumitza, 
 G miles across Bulgarian front. 
 
 — Naval patrol boat Tampa torpedoed and sunk in Brit- 
 ish Channel, with all on board (118). 
 
 — On western front British airplanes bomb railways of 
 Metz-Sablon, Andun-Ie-Ronian, Mezieres and Thion- 
 ville, and the Frescati airdrome. 
 
 Sept. 27— British attack on Cambrai front, take Epinay 
 and Oisy-le- Verger and 500 prisoners. Canadian di- 
 vision passes Haynecourt, reaches Duai-Cambrai road. 
 United States forces take Charpentry, Very, Epinon- 
 ville and Ivoyry. French and United States forces 
 advance 2 miles on 20-mile front ; capture 20 towns ; 
 take 18,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby takes 5,000 Turk prisoners and 350 guns. 
 
 — Bulgaria applies to British Government for an armis- 
 tice. Gen. Francliet de Esperey, in command of Al- 
 lied armies in Macedonia, telegraphs the French Gov- 
 ernment that Bulgarian officers had applied for 48- 
 hour armistice, that he had refused to suspend hos- 
 tilities, but would receive delegates. 
 
 Sept. 28 — Gen. Haig's men cross Scheldt Canal, cut 
 Cambrai-Douai road and now within 2 miles of Cam- 
 brai ; take Highland and Welsh Ridges, capture Noy- 
 elles-sur-L'Escaut, Cantaing and Fontaine-Notre- 
 Dame. French on Aisne front capture Ft. Mal- 
 maison ; take Somme-Py, Jouy and Aizi. Canadians 
 take the villages of Raillencourt and Sailly. United 
 States troops advance 2 miles to outskirts of Brieulles 
 and Exermont. United States batteries hit 2 trains 
 loaded with German troops entering Brieulles. Bel- 
 gian and British troops advance over 4 miles ; take 
 Houthulst Wood and most of Barchaentall Ridge. 
 
 Sept. 28 — Panic on Budapest Bourse and peace riots in 
 Berlin during which many statues are smashed. 
 
 — Von Hertling resigns as Chancellor and Admiral von 
 Hintze as Foreign Secretary. 
 
 — Week's British losses : Officers killed or died of 
 wounds, 432 ; men, 3,936 ; officers wounded or miss- 
 ing, 804; men, 19,757. 
 
 Sept. 29 — An English division swims St. Quentin Canal ; 
 pierces Hindenburg line nortli of Bellenglise (only 1 
 drowned) ; take 4,200 prisoners (1,000 in Bellenglise 
 Tunnel), 70 cannon, over 1,000 machine guns. Total 
 British casualty list, 800. 
 
 — French take Revillon, Remain and Montigny-sur- 
 Vesle. Italians, north of the Aisne, capture Soupir. 
 Between Bellicourt and Gonnelieu, United States, Aus- 
 tralian and English troops gain ground. At Bonyard, 
 Villers-Guislain Germans make slight advance. Al- 
 lies forced to withdraw from villages of Aubendreul- 
 au-Bac and Arleux. 
 
 — 10,000 Turks surrender to British at Zaza station, Pal- 
 estine. 
 
 Sept. 30 — Belgians capture Roulers ; take 300 guns. 
 British occupy Gheluive ; take 97 guns and within 2 
 miles of Nenin. French reach the Oise-Aisne Canal ; 
 capture half of Chemin-des-Dames and 1,600 prison- 
 ers. British advance continues in St. Quentin-Cam- 
 brai sector ; take Thorigny, Lie Tronquoy and Gon- 
 nelieu. British again cross Scheldt Canal and take 
 Crevecoenr, 4 miles south of Cambrai. 
 
 ^On Verdun front, 18 United States pursuit planes 
 battle with 25 German Fokkers and bring down 7 ; 
 losing none. 
 
 - — United States steamer Ticonderoga torpedoed in mid- 
 ocean ; 2 army officers, 09 seamen, 10 navy officers lost. 
 
 — British forces surround Damascus, in Palestine. 
 
 — Secretary of State Lansing, in reply to Germany's 
 threat to execute United States prisoners of war 
 found with shot guns, gave notice that in such event 
 reprisals will be taken on German prisoners in United 
 States. 
 
 — Bulgaria quits. Bulgarian delegates sign armistice. 
 Bulgaria to evacuate Greece and Serbia, demobilize 
 army and surrender means of transportation, free 
 passage to be given across territory and a right to 
 occupy strategic points; terms purely military; no po- 
 litical conditions. 
 
 — Pruice Maximilian of Baden succeeds Count George 
 F. von Hertling as German Premier. 
 
 Oct. 1 — Field Marshal Haig reports British forces dur- 
 ing September took 66,300 prisoners, including 1,500 
 officers, 700 guns, thousands of machine guns"; total 
 captures August and September 123,618 prisoners, 
 including 2.783 officers, about 1,400 guns. 
 
 — Gen. Debeny's cavalry (French) enter St. Quentin at 
 heels of retreating Germans. Cambrai in flames. 
 Gen. Plumer (Belgian) crosses the Lys ; takes Co- 
 mines ; he is only 6 miles from Courtrai. Belgian 
 forces nearing Bruges. Gen. Gouraud continues ad- 
 vance in Champagne district. United States forces 
 battle with Germans in Argonne region. British cap- 
 ture Levergies, and with Canadians, Proville and Til- 
 lay, and clear enemv from high ground south of Le 
 Catelet. 
 
 — Since Sept. 26 French have taken 13,000 prisoners 
 between the Suippe and the Argonne. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing reports United States airmen since 
 Sept. 26 have brought down on western front more 
 than 100 hostile planes and 31 balloons. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby captures Damascus and takes 7,000 
 Turks. Since Sept. 20 AUenby's forces have marched 
 130 miles ; taken over 50,000 prisoners ; destroyed 3 
 Turkish armies. Arab forces are fighting with Allies 
 in Palestine and Syria. 
 
 Oct. 1-2 — German airplane bombards a French hospital 
 at Chalons ; many French soldiers killed and wounded. 
 
 Oct. 2 — Serbian troops enter Nish. 
 
 — Paris says officially Allies captured July 15 to Sept. 
 30 5,518 officers, 348,494 men, 3,669 cannon, more than 
 23,000 machine guns, hundreds of mine throwers. 
 
 —North of Cambrai New Zealand and Anglo-Scottish 
 troops drive enemy from Crevecoenr and Rumilly. 
 
 — Australian troops, northeast of Damascus, capture 
 Turkish column ; take 1,500 prisoners, 2 guns, 40 ma- 
 cliine guns. 
 
 Oct. 2 — New York troops force back Germans in Ar- 
 gonne Forest. Armies of Gens. Gouraud and Berth- 
 elot continue advance on front east and west of 
 Rhei?ns ; reach Aisne Canal, pass beyond St. Quentin. 
 Germans recapture Esriuehart on British front, other- 
 wise whole of Hindenburg system below Bellicourt 
 Tunnel in hands of British. British advance 3,000 
 yards southeast of Roulers; take RoUeghemcapelle. 
 French occupy PouUoin, and take forts of St. Thiery 
 and St. Quentin. North of Vesle River capture Ron- 
 cy, Guyencourt, Bouffignereux, Villers-Frangueux, 
 Cauroy and Courcy. French troops pierce over 5 
 miles of barbed wire and take Challerange (important 
 railway junction), northwest of Rheims ; take Cor- 
 micy; reach Aisne Canal, between Conavreux ai'd La 
 Neuvillette ; take 2,800 prisoners ; in center Gen. Ber- 
 thelot captures Loivre. 
 
 — Thirty Italian naval units and a larger number of 
 airmen bombard town and harbor of Durazzo, in 
 Albania. 
 
 Oct. 3 — Latest summary of war material taken by 
 United States troops in Argonne section shows 120 
 guns, 2,750 trench mortars. 300 machine guns, 100 
 anti-tank guns, thousands of shells, hundreds of thou- 
 sands rounds of small arms ammunition. 
 
 — On western front in week ending today Allies have 
 taken 60,000 prisoners and 1,000 guns. 
 
 — British troops are in Lenz and Armentieres and with- 
 in 7 miles of Lille. 
 
 — United States cargo steamship Lake City (3,500 tons) 
 collides with oil tanker James McKee off Key West 
 and sinks; 30 of crew (35) reported safe. 
 
 — Italian steamship Alberta Treves (3,838 tons) torpe- 
 doed about 300 miles off American coast ; 21 of crew 
 missing. 
 
 — Greek troops enter Drama ; Bulgarians in withdraw- 
 ing carry off cattle, cereals, and railroad rolling stock. 
 
 — French airmen bomb enemy cantonments and biv- 
 ouacs in Lenz region, in Valley of Suippe and railway 
 stations. 
 
Oct. 4 — German retreat continues on l^enz front. Brit- 
 ish advance to within 6 miles of Lille, at Wavrin and 
 Erquinghem; reach outskirts of Montbrehain, north 
 of St. Quentin. Belgians and French make slight ad- 
 vance toward Hooglede and Roulers. On British 
 front Germans retake Montbrehain and Beaurevoir. 
 Germans evacuate Brimart and Berru. Northwest of 
 Verdun 5 United States airmen fight 7 Germans; 
 bring down 1. Seven German planes brought down 
 by anti-air-craft guns. Eight United States pursuit 
 planes run into squadron of 2.5 German planes ; 5 Ger- 
 mans brought down ; Americans losing 1. 
 
 — On western front in past week British airplanes drop 
 300 tons of bombs on railway between the coast and 
 the Somme; over northern France and Belgium 124 
 enemy machines brought down; 46 driven out of con- 
 trol ; 90 British machines missing. 
 
 — United States steamer Herman Frasch sunk at sea in 
 collision with United States steamer George G. Hen- 
 ry; T ofiicers, 16 men missing. 
 
 —United States cargo steamship San Saba (2,4,iS tons) 
 hits mme and sinks, 15 miles southeast of Barnegat, 
 
 — United States scout patrol No. 397 sinks bv internal 
 explosion in Long Island Sound; 55 rescued. 
 
 — Italians occupy Berat, cross Semenyi River and the 
 plain of Mazukja. 
 
 — Baron von Hussarek, Austrian Prime Minister, re- 
 signs. 
 
 Oct. 5 — Gen. Haig advances above St. Quentin. Ger- 
 mans leaving Lille, set fire to Douai. French take 
 heights beyond Rheims, reach Betheniville ; capture 
 Fort Brimart; advance 4 miles past Morlanvillers 
 stronghold ; cross Aisne Canal at several points. Gen. 
 Gouraud's army drives enemy from Challerange. 
 
 ■ — British capture Beaurevoir and Montbrehain, north of 
 St. Quentin, and 1,000 prisoners. Americans attack 
 between the Meuse and the Argonne; advance 3 
 rniles. French gain ground northwest of Rheims. 
 
 • — Gen. Allenby advances from Damascus toward Beirut ; 
 has taken 15,000 more prisoners, making total of 
 71,000, besides S.OOO claimed by Arab army of King 
 Hussein. 
 
 — King Ferdinand abdicates Bulgarian throne in favor 
 of oldest son, Boris. 
 
 Oct. 5— King Boris, new King of Bulgaria, orders de- 
 mobilization. 
 
 — Bulgaria notifies Austrians and Germans to quit her 
 territory within a month. 
 
 ■ — Imperial German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, in 
 Reichstag, proposes an immediate suspension of hos- 
 tilities. Entente Allies to be asked to state their peace 
 terms. 
 
 Oct. 6 — In Champagne region Germans retreat on 28- 
 mile front. French capture heights around Nogent 
 I'Abbesse ; occupy Pomade ; advance lines to south 
 of Boult-sur-Suippe; cross the Aisne. Italians take 
 Soupir. British capture town of Fresnoy, south of 
 Cambrai. Germans retreat on 7-mile front in Rheims 
 salient. United States troops capture St. Etienne, 
 1,700 prisoners, including 48 officers. Americans cross 
 Scheldt Canal. Gen. Haig's forces reach Haute- 
 Deurle Canal line. Germans continue retreat be- 
 tvveen Lenz and Armentieres, evacuate Le Cateau, 15 
 miles southeast of Cambrai. 
 
 — German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, through Swiss 
 Government, sends note to President Wilson request- 
 ing him to take in hand restoration of peace, ac- 
 quaint belligerents of request and invite them to send 
 plenipotentiaries ; says German Government accepts 
 Wilson programme of Jan. 8 and later addresses and 
 requests immediate armistice. 
 
 — Franco-Americans cross the Aisne. Gen. Berthelot's 
 army crosses Aisne Canal north of Rheims. 
 
 • — Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of British Admiralty, and 
 members of Admiralty Board, arrive at an Atlantic 
 port. 
 
 ■ — Italians take Dibra. 
 
 — Serbians enter Vranje (about 50 miles south of Nish). 
 
 ■ — In Albania Italians reach Lindas. 
 
 — Armed mercantile cruiser Otranto collides with steam- 
 ship Reishmir off Scottish coast and sinks; 364 United 
 States soldiers lost. 
 
 Oct. 7— French pursue Germans northeast of Rheims; 
 take Berry-au-Bac, cross Arnes River, take St. Mas- 
 mes, northeast of Rheims. British advance on 4-mile 
 front north of Scarpe River; take 3 villages. United 
 States troops strike on left wing east of the Argonne. 
 British take villages of Biache-St. Vaast and Oppy. 
 Germans set fire to Laon. 
 
 —French sailors capture Beirut, seaport of Syria, on 
 the Mediterranean. 
 
 —Serbian troops advance north of Vranje, toward Nish; 
 take 1,500 Austro-German prisoners. 
 
 — United States troops drive enemy out of Chalet- 
 Cbehery and seize height west of the Aire. British and 
 United States troops attack between St. Quentin and 
 Cambrai ; advance about 2 miles on entire front ; cap- 
 ture Beaugard and Fremont. On left French, Scot- 
 tish and Welsh take village of Serain. In center Brit- 
 ish and Welsh take Malincourt. New Zealanders 
 take Esnes. British take Fresnes-les-Montauban and 
 Neuvireuil. 
 
 — Italians advance north in .\lbania ; take city of El- 
 bassan. 
 
 — French, on Suippe front, reach outskirts of Conde- 
 sur-Suippe, and capture Bazancourt ; northeast of 
 St. Quentin capture Fontaine-Uterte and Bellecourt 
 Farm; also wood east of Tilloy, Hill 134 and village 
 of Roucroy. 
 
 — Between St. Quentin and Cambrai British and French 
 advance over 3 miles. Hindenburg system penetrated 
 south of Cambrai. United States troops take Cornay. 
 
 Oct. 8 — Serbians take Leskovatz, 25 miles south of Nish, 
 and reach line of Lippvitza and Kassanecevich 10 
 miles north of Leskovatz ; take 3,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Italian fleet, aided by LTnited States submarine and 
 French and British destroyers, attack and destroy 
 Austrian fleet and naval base of Durazzo. 
 
 — British occupy Beirut ; take 60 Turkish officers, 600 
 men. 
 
 - — Stockholm reports Norwegian steamship Gjertrud 
 (593 tons) sunk by German submarine; 11 of crew 
 missing. 
 
 — The President, through Secretary of State Lansing, 
 asks Imperial German Government if it accepts terms 
 laid down by him on Jan. 8. 1918. Says he could not 
 propose armistice to Allies so long as German or Aus- 
 trian armies are on their soil, and asks whether the 
 Imperial Chancellor is speaking merely for the con- 
 stituted authorities of the Empire, who have thus far 
 conducted the war. 
 
 Oct. 9 — Allies capture Cambrai, which the Germans, in 
 retreating, set fire to. 
 
 — Lhiited States troops break through Kriemhilde line 
 on both sides of the Meuse, and with French, clear 
 Argonne Wood. 
 
 — United States aero bombing expedition of 200 bomb- 
 ing airplanes, 100 pursuit machines, 50 triplanes, drop 
 32 tons of explosives on German cantonment in area 
 between Wavrille and Danvillers, about 12 miles north 
 of Verdun ; during fight destroy 13 enemy planes. 
 In addition, same day. United States airplanes brought 
 down 5 German machines and balloons. 
 
 ■ — Serbians reach Goritza. 
 
 — United States submarine chaser No. 219 sinks from 
 an explosion; 1 killed, 1 missing; an officer and 8 men 
 injured. 
 
 —Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-in-law of 
 German Emperor, elected King of Finland by Finnish 
 Landtag. 
 
 British armored car batteries enter Ballber, 500 
 Turks surrender to local inhabitants. 
 
 Oct. 10 — British take Cambrai and advance 13 miles be- 
 yond ; take Le Cateau, important railway junction, 
 and Roucroy, 7 miles northwest of Douai. French 
 advance east of St. Quentin. United States troops 
 capture Vaux-Andigny and St. Souplet, also Busigny, 
 6 miles southwest of Le Cateau. 
 
 XXIV 
 
Oct. 10 — Since beginning of St. Mihiel offensive United 
 States anti-aircraft cannon and machine guns have 
 brouglit down 33 enem)- planes ; 20 by machine guns ; 
 12 by heavier guns. 
 
 — Irish mail steamer Leinster, carrying 687 passengers 
 and a crew of 75, torpedoed in Irish Channel by Ger- 
 man submarine; 480 lives lost. 
 
 Oct. 11 — French continue pursuit of Germans east of 
 St. Quentin, advance 4 miles, occupy Fieulaine, Neu- 
 villette, Regny, Chatillon-sur-Oise, and Thenelles ; 
 south of Oise take Servais ; between Ailette and 
 Aisne take Beaulieu-et-Chivy, Vermeuil, Cortonne 
 and Bourg-et-Camin ; cross the Aisne, occupy Parg- 
 nan and Beaurieux and capture Termes, and Grand- 
 pre railroad station. British capture lurvy (in angle 
 between Selle River and Scheldt Canal) and Village 
 of Briastre ; between the Scarpa and Quiery-la-Motte, 
 take Sailly-en-Ostrevent. Vitry-en-Artois, Izel-Ies- 
 Equerchin, Drocourt and Fouquieres. 
 
 Oct. 12 — Gen. Haig and British advance within a mile 
 of Douai. Germans retire behind the Suesce Canal. 
 French capture Vouziers. 
 
 • — At Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, the 
 President receives from Associated Press unofficial 
 text of Germany's reply to his questions of Oct. 8 — 
 accepts tenus of Mr. Wilson's address of Jan. 28, 1918 ; 
 suggests a mixed commission to make arrangements ; 
 agrees to evacuation and claims to be supported by 
 great majority of the Reichstag and to speak in the 
 name of the German people. 
 
 — The British hold villages of Hamel. Brebieres and 
 Ceuincy and capture Montigny, Harnes and Anany. 
 United States troops take Consenvoye Woods and 
 Molleville Farm and are before St. Juvin and Cumel, 
 which are in flames. United States troops gain 5 
 miles on 40-mile front, defeat 7 German divisions; 
 capture 10,000 prisoners; take St. Mihiel, Thioncourt 
 and other towns. 
 
 — United States transport Amphian (7.409 tons), home- 
 ward bound, has 2 hours' running fight with U-boat 
 800 miles off Atlantic coast ; 8 men wounded, 3 fatally. 
 
 — Serbians capture Nish. 
 
 — Japanese troops, under Gen. Muto, arrive at Irkutsk ; 
 are welcomed by Gen. Ivanoff, War Minister of Omsk 
 Government. 
 
 Oct. 1.3 — French take Laon and La Fere. Gen. Gouraud 
 reached Aisne bend below Rethel, 27 miles northeast 
 of Rheims. The British cross the Sensee Canal; 
 take 200 prisoners. 5,000 civilians m villages and 
 towns taken are liberated. 
 
 — Since beginning Champagne offensive French have 
 taken 21,567 prisoners (499 officers), 600 guns, 3,500 
 machine guns, 200 mine throwers, a great quantity of 
 munitions and war materials. 
 
 — President Poincare, in Paris, makes Premier Hughes 
 of Australia a grand officer of the Legion of Honor. 
 
 Oct. 14— In Albania, Italians take Durazzo. French 
 take Prizrend and Mitravitsa; are now 150 miles from 
 Monastir and same from Sarajevo. 
 
 Oct. 14 — British cavalry advance ; occupy Tripoli. 
 
 — British attack on 20-mile front toward Lys River and 
 get canal. Gen. Plumer's troops capture Menin Junc- 
 tion. Belgians and French take Thourout and Rou- 
 lers. French advance in Champagne, near Rethel. 
 Allied line is within 2 miles of Courtrai. To the 
 south British cross Haute-Deul Canal, on a 5-mile 
 front. French and British reach the Courtrai-Ingel- 
 manister railway. 
 
 — In Flanders offensive so far 10,000 prisoners have been 
 taken. 
 
 — United States troops pass beyond Cumel and Ronag- 
 ny, pierce positions of St. Georges and Landres-et-St. 
 Georges; take about 750 prisoners. United States 
 patrol crosses Selle River near St. Souplet; takes 30 
 prisoners. Allies take Denaat, Bosehmolen, Gulleg- 
 hem, Wulverghem and Wervicq. French capture 
 Roulers. Belgians take Hazebrook, Gitsberg and Bev- 
 erin. All take prisoners. Day's total, 7^100. Ger- 
 mans react heavily in area north of Le Cateau. 
 
 — Week's British casualty list: Killed or died of 
 wounds, officers 552, men 6,937 ; wounded or missing, 
 officers 1,741, men 26,480. 
 
 — France breaks diplomatic relations with Finland. 
 
 — The President ^ replies to Germany's peace offer in 
 effect that military supremacy of armies of United 
 States and Allies must be safeguarded, processes and 
 methods left to military advisers ; illegal and inhu- 
 mane practices must cease and German people must 
 alter their government so that no one power can of 
 its single choice destroy the peace of the world. 
 
 — M. Frank Bouillon, head of Parliamentary Commis- 
 sion on Foreign Affairs, says France will insist on 
 evacuation of occupied territory, including Alsace- 
 Lorraine ; will demand guarantees for everything, 
 taking German word for nothing. 
 
 — New Turkish Cabinet, Tewfik Pasha Premier, noti- 
 fies Austria-Hungary that owing to military condi- 
 tions Turkey must conclude a separate peace with the 
 Entente. 
 
 Oct. 1.5 — United States troops widen breach in Kriem- 
 hild line. German counter attacks fail. Left wing 
 crosses the Aire and pass Grand Pre; center takes 
 Hill 286. British, in Selle Valley, take village of 
 Haussy and 300 prisoners. Gen, Plumer in last 3 
 days advances 8 miles in Flanders ; takes towns of 
 Confines, Wervicq, Menin, Wulverghem, Heule and 
 Guerne. 
 
 — LInited States transport America sinks at Hoboken 
 pier. 
 
 — British occupy Honis without opposition. 
 
 — Czechs, in Prague, Bohemia, start revolt against rule 
 of Austria ; martial law proclaimed throughout Bo- 
 hemia. 
 
 Oct. 16 — British cross the Lys, between Armentieres 
 and Menin. Southwest of Rethel French capture vil- 
 lage of Acy-Romance ; northwest of Sissonne take 
 Notre Dame de Liesse and village of Talma. United 
 States troops occupy town of Grand Pre; capture La 
 Musari Farm. French cavalry approach Thielt, 7 
 miles from Ghent-Bruges Canal (10 miles from Hol- 
 land border). British reach Quesnoy, 4 miles north 
 of Lille; take Linselles. Belgians attack Bavichae, 
 northeast of Courtrai. Liege division of Belgium 
 captures German colonel, his staff and 2,000 men. 
 Belgians cut Thourout-Ostend road and are astride 
 of Thourout-Bruges Road. 
 
 — Allied forces, including United States troops, repulse 
 Bolshevik attacks on banks of Dvina. Americans and 
 Russians advance toward Welsk, 125 miles northeast 
 of Vologda. 
 
 — British cavalry occupy Tripoli, 45 miles north of 
 Beirut. 
 
 — London reports that up to July 31, India had con- 
 tributed 1,115,189 men to the British Army. First 
 Indian war loan, $300,000,000; a second loan still 
 greater in amount not specified. 
 
 — Germany's Federal Council accepts amendment to 
 the Constitution ; hereafter consent of Federal Council 
 and of the Reichstag required for peace treaties in 
 case of declaration of war, except in case of invasion. 
 
 — Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister 
 says to Foreign Affairs Committee of Austrian dele- 
 gations, in discussing President's note: "We always 
 establish an agreement with Germany." 
 
 Oct. 16 — Serbian troops capture Krushevatz, 30 miles 
 northwest of Nish. German airplanes bomb Nish. 
 
 — The French take Ipek, in Montenegro. 
 
 Oct. 17 — Allied troops capture Ostend, Bruges and 
 Lille, and occupy Douai. King Albert of Belgium 
 and Queen Elizabeth enter Ostend. The French 
 cross the Oise, 8 miles southwest of Guise. United 
 States troops take Chatillon Wood. 
 
 — Germans bombard Dunkirk with long range guns ; 2 
 Americans killed ; 1 man wounded. 
 
 Oct. 18 — Allies take Zeebrugge, Bruges, Thielt, Tour- 
 coing, Roubaix and many other small towns. Brit- 
 ish take more of Lille salient. United States and Brit- 
 ish troops attack east of Le Cateau, take Bazel. 
 French troops retake Forest of Andigny and village 
 
 XXV 
 
of Mennevret, a gain of 3 miles. United States in- 
 fantry advance nortli of Roraagne and take Banthe- 
 ville ; northwest of Grand Pre, take Talma Farm. 
 
 — More than 60 United States bombing planes attack 
 Bayonville, Buzancy and other towns north of Grand 
 Pre ; escorting planes bring down 10 German planes. 
 140 United States planes raid beyond German lines 
 and all return. They raid Remonville. Briquenay, 
 Verpel, Clery-le-Grand, Aincreville and Inrecotirt; 
 pursuit planes engage in 3.") aero fights, bring down 12 
 enemy planes. 
 
 • — French Premier Clemenceau, in Chamber of Deputies, 
 says : "Our victory does not spell revenge." 
 
 — Czechs occupy Prague, in Bohemia. Czecho-Slovak 
 National Council, sitting in Paris, formally declares 
 independence. 
 
 • — Emperor Charles proclaims plan for federalization of 
 Austria. 
 
 — Guatemala confiscates German owned electric light 
 company at Guatemala City. 
 
 Oct. 19 — British advance east of Lille toward Tournai. 
 British, Americans and French press Germans alon.g 
 the Oise-Sambre Canal and in Argonne and Meuse 
 region. Germans withdraw from Belgian and French 
 front from North Sea to the Sambre. 6,000 Germans 
 are caught between advancing troops and the Holland 
 frontier above Eecloo. Germans evacuate Loges 
 Wood on northwest and Bantheville Wood to the 
 east. 
 
 — Allies capture Zaietchar, close to Bulgarian border. 
 
 — President says to Austria, in effect : "United States, 
 having recognized Czecho-Slovaks, the terms of Jan. 
 8 address no longer aoplies," and refuses an armistice. 
 
 Oct. 20 — Allied forces drive back Gen. Ludendorfif's 40 
 divisions above and below Valenciennes, on the 
 Scheldt, a pivotal point. The British are within a 
 mile of Valenciennes and within 7 miles of Ghent. 
 The French surround city of Audenarde, 15 miles be- 
 low Ghent. Gen. Gouraud attacks west of the Meuse; 
 takes heights east of the Aisne, north and south of 
 Vouzieres, 20 guns and many prisoners. United 
 States troops advance on edge of Bois-de-Bantheville 
 and in region of Bourrett ; clean up Bois-de-Rappes, 
 take SO prisoners ; cross Oise Canal. 
 
 — French and Serbs reach the Danube, in the region 
 of Vielin (an important Bulgaria river town) ; across 
 the Danube lies Califat, a Roumanian city. 
 
 — German note, unofficial, is received by wireless. On 
 its face accepts President Wilson's conditions ; claims 
 Kaiser's personal arbitrary powers have been taken 
 from him; denies barbarity; claims retreat destruc- 
 tions permissible under international law. Subma- 
 rines all recalled to their bases. 
 
 Oct. 21 — British week's casualty list: Killed or died of 
 wounds, officers 517, men 4,971 ; wounded or missing, 
 officers 1,464, men 30,108. 
 
 — British airmen attack barracks and railways at Metz ; 
 7 battle machines missing. German airmen bomb re- 
 gion around Clermont, Montfaucon and Rarecourt. 
 
 — Serbian and French forces reach Paracin, 46 miles 
 northwest of Nish, 85 miles southeast of Belgrade; 
 take 1,000 Austro-German prisoners. 
 
 — King George of England, in speech to inter-parlia- 
 mentary delegates at Buckingham Palace, says : "Vic- 
 tory is within reach and must be complete." 
 
 • — Socialist papers in Germany demand that the Kaiser 
 abdicate. 
 
 Oct. 32 — Chancellor Maximilian says in Reichstag, 
 "German people will not submit to a peace by violence, 
 nor will they be brought blindly to the conference 
 table." 
 
 Oct. 22 — British cross the Scheldt, 5 miles north of 
 Tournai. French and Belgians advance toward 
 Ghent, cross Lys Canal at several points. Allies drive 
 toward Conde, with Mons as objective. British cap- 
 ture Ourcq. French advance between Serre and the 
 Oise; reach Assis-sur-Serre and the St. Jacques Farm, 
 northwest of Chalandry. Czecho-Slovak forces aid 
 in the recapture of village of Terron. 
 
 — Serbians occupy Massif of Mecka, and village of Cice- 
 vak ; take 300 prisoners. 
 
 — The Turks quit Tabriz, Persia. 
 
 Oct. 23 — President Wilson replies to the German note, 
 says he will take up question of armistice with his co- 
 belligerents ; refers details to field commanders and 
 says : "If we must deal with the present Imperial 
 Government of Germany we cannot trust it and must 
 demand surrender." 
 
 — British gain on 17-mile front south of Valenciennes ; 
 approach Le Quesnoy ; take Chatillon and Orrs. West 
 of the Meuse United States forces take Bantheville, 
 Brieulles and Hills 397, 299 and 281, Belle Joyeuse 
 and Talma Farms. 
 
 — In Serbia French continue advance and enter Nego- 
 tin. 
 
 — British airmen bomb railways at Burbach and Saar- 
 Briicken, chemical factories at Mannheim and rail- 
 ways at Coblenz, near Mainz, and at Metz-Sablons. 
 
 — Explosion in factory at Dessau, Germany, kills 70, 
 wounds 50. 
 
 — Count Karolyi, in Hungarian Unterhaus, moves a res- 
 olution for independence of Hungary and a separate 
 peace and demands resignation of Wekerle cabinet. 
 
 Oct. 24 — British advance on 25-mile front between Sam- 
 bre Canal and the Scheldt, take 7,000 prisoners and 
 more than 100 guns; forest of Raismes is cleared; 
 forest of Mormal reached. Allied line is within 15 
 miles of Maubeuge. British also take villages of Neu- 
 ville, Salesches and Beau-Degnes, Thiers Haute Rive 
 and Thun. On the Oise front, French cross canal 
 east of Grand Verly ; on the right reach road be- 
 tween La Fere-Chevresis and Ferrier Farm. United 
 States troops take Bois Belleau. 
 
 — in Monte Grappa sector Italians cross Ornic River; 
 take Monte Solarolo, part of Monte Pressolan and 
 Monte Pertica. Italians, aided by British and French, 
 have thus far taken 3,000 prisoners. On Asiago Pla- 
 teau French take Monte Sisenol. 
 
 — Gen. Joseph Haller is named Commander-in-Chief of 
 Polish forces fighting with the Allies. 
 
 Oct. 2.5 — Germans push back British on the Scheldt and 
 the Sambre and the French on the Oise and Serre. 
 British in 3 days take 9,000 prisoners, 150 guns. Brit- 
 ish cross railway between Le Quesnoy and Mainz and 
 the Ecaillon River. The French cross the Serre be- 
 tween Crecy and Montiers. 
 
 — Germans in Argonne region are damming rivers and 
 flooding the country to stop United States advance. 
 British advance 2% miles. French take 3,155 pris- 
 oners. French cross the Danube into Roumania. 
 
 — Serbian troops take heights south of Kraguyevatz. 
 
 — Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austrian 
 Premier. Count Albert Anoonyi succeeds Dr. Wek- 
 erle as Hungarian Premier. 
 
 — Col. Edward M. House, President Wilson's personal 
 representative, reaches Paris. 
 
 — British Admiralty publishes navy figures : Fleet in- 
 creased during war from 3,500,000 tons to 6.500,000 
 tons; personnel from 146,000 to 406,000. Soldiers 
 transported 21,500,000; lost 4,391. 
 
 Oct. 26 — British troops cross Rhonelle and circle Valen- 
 ciennes; take Famars and 1,000 prisoners. The 
 French press east from the Oise and northeast from 
 the Serre toward Hirson; take Mont Carmel and 
 Angclfontaine. 
 
 — A German official paper at Berlin announces that the 
 Emperor has accepted a request for retirement made 
 by General of Infantry Ludendorfif, the First Quarter- 
 master General and commander in time of peace of 
 25th Infantry Brigade. Despatches from the German 
 capital indicate that the resignation had been forced 
 by the pro-peace majority in the Reichstag. Luden- 
 dorff was the soldier who, on account of his reputa- 
 tion as an expert in retreat tactics, was put on the 
 western front to extricate the Crown Prince's armies 
 from the tightening grasp of the Allied forces. 
 
 Oct. 26 — In last 4 days Allies have taken 15,000 pris- 
 oners ; German casualties have been 50,000. 
 
 X.WI 
 
Oct. 26 — Italians continue advance on mountain and 
 Piave fronts ; take 2,000 Austrian prisoners and ad- 
 vance in Albania. 
 
 — British, under Gen. Allenby. occupy Aleppo. In Mes- 
 opotamia, Gen. Marsliall continues pursuit of Turks 
 on both sides of Tigris. 
 
 Oct. 27 — French advance 5 miles between the Oise and 
 the Serre. Reach outskirts of Guise ; take Crecy-sur- 
 Serre, Baheris, Maequigney and Praix-Landifey, Mon- 
 ceau-le-Nenf and Alontigny-sur-Serre, Origny-Ste. 
 Bemoite, Couriuelles and Chevreis-Monceau. On the 
 Verdun front east of the Meuse, United States troops 
 attack and take Bois Belleau. East of Rethel United 
 States troops advance two-thirds of a mile. Germans 
 counter attack British at Famars and are repulsed. 
 
 — Italians and British cross the Piave, take the Island 
 of Grave di Pededopoli. 
 
 Oct. 28 — Germans counter attack the French on the 
 Oise front. French advance east of the Peron, in re- 
 gion northeast of Bois-les-Pargny. British south of 
 Valenciennes advance between the Rhonelle and the 
 Scheldt; take 100 prisoners. British troops enter Lys 
 and are welcomed with enthusiasm. Americans east 
 of the Meuse attack Germans in Consenvoye Wood 
 and Ormont Wood and are repulsed. 
 
 —Allies on 45-miIe front drive Austrians 5 miles from 
 the Piave toward the Livenga. Congeliano is taken 
 and 15.000 prisoners. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing's artillery bombards the Germans Long- 
 uyon-Mezieres shuttle service. 
 
 —Hungary sends note, signed by Count Andrassy, new 
 Foreign Austro-Hungarian JVIinister, that it accepts 
 all conditions, including independence of Czecho-SIo- 
 vaks and Jugo-Slavs is ready for armistice. 
 
 — M. Poincare, President of France, receives Col. Ed- 
 ward M. House. 
 
 — British Food Controller increases retail price of meat 
 and reduces meat rations to 34-pound per week per 
 person, e.xcept ham and bacon. 
 
 —Kaiser Wilhelm writes to Imperial Chancellor, Prince 
 Maximilian of Baden, approving of transfer of "fun- 
 damental rights of the Kaiser's person" to the people. 
 
 Oct. 29— Fierce iigliting continues on mile wide strip 
 between the Scheldt and the Rhonelle. United States 
 artillery bombard extensions of main line into Con- 
 flans and sweep areas near Spincourt and nearby 
 towns for miles. Germans shell Bantheville and 
 Cunel. Civilians in panic flee from Rhine towns 
 taking their deposits from banks. 
 
 —Day's United States casualties: Armv, 360; marine 
 corps, 69. 
 
 — United States airmen bomb Montigny and Danvil- 
 lers ; S United States planes on reconnaissance mis- 
 sions are lost. 
 
 —Serbians advance 12 miles; now within 45 miles of 
 Belgrade. 
 
 ~~fj^nl ^'^^- ^"^ '° 27 Allied armies in Flanders took 
 i.V9J prisoners (441 officers), 509 guns, 1,200 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 —In Germany the Federal Council approves bill passed 
 by Reichstag Oct. 26, providing that sanction of 
 Reichstag and Bundesrat is necessary for a declara- 
 tion of_war: that the Chancellor is responsible for the 
 Kaisers political actions and the Minister of War is 
 responsible to the Reichstag. 
 
 —Count Andrassy, Austrian Foreign Minister, sends 
 note to Secretary of State Lansing, requesting imme- 
 diate armistice and communicates it to the French 
 British, Japanese and Italian Governments, bego-in<^ 
 tor their approval and support. 
 
 Oct. 30— Italians advance 12 miles beyond the Piave 
 reach the Livenza on 50-mile front; 'take more than 
 100 towns and villages; take Seguisino and Monte 
 Cosen. United States troops take Aincreville and ad- 
 vance for about two miles. French advance on north 
 bank of the Oise ; take Beaufort Farm. Between the 
 Lys and the Scheldt, near Famars and Englefontaine 
 Germans repulse attacks. 
 
 — French advance on north bank of Oise, west of 
 Guise, take Beaufort Farm; advance on' right of 
 
 XXV 
 
 the Peron. French occupy enemy trenches south of 
 Guise and approach road between Guise and Herie-la- 
 Vieville. Germans make 2 unsuccessful raids in Lor- 
 raine. LInited States troops occupy Aincreville, north 
 of Verdun. Belgian oilicial statement says prisoners 
 taken Oct. 14 to 27, in Flanders, number' 18,293 (331 
 officers), 509 guns, over 1,200 machine guns. On 
 Italian front British reach Roncadelle, Ormelle, Fon- 
 tainelle and line of Monticano River to Ramara; cross 
 the Monticano about 6 miles beyond the Piave. Aus- 
 tria recognizes Czecho-Slovak nation. Gen. Weber, 
 Austrian, and deputation apply to Gen. Diaz for armis- 
 tice ; application forwarded to Supreme War Council 
 at Versailles. Passenger and merchandise traffic be- 
 tween Germany and Austria ceases. Entire Turkish 
 force on Tigris, about 7,000, surrender. Rioting in 
 Budapest ; banks attacked and stores looted. 
 
 Oct. 31— Italian troops reach Ponte Delle Alpi, north- 
 east of City of Belluno, take height of Ceseme, ridge 
 between valleys of FoUina and Piave ; occupy Pass 
 of Serravalle ; in Grappa region take Col Capnie, Col 
 Bonato, Asolone, Mount Prassolan, salient of Solaro, 
 Mount Spinoncia and Plateau of Asiago. Prisoners 
 taken thus far over 50,000. Italians have 54 divisions 
 and are assisted by less than 4 Allied divisions. 
 
 Nov. 1 — Gen. Pershing's forces advance to northeast of 
 Grandpre, capture a dozen or more fortified villages 
 and 3,000 prisoners; take Andevanne and clear the 
 Bois des Loges. Hungarian Republic proclaimed in 
 Budapest, where the national colors, red. white and 
 green, are displayed ; mobs release military and polit- 
 ical prisoners; Emperor Charles escapes to GodoUo, 
 20 miles northeast of Budapest. The red flag of So- 
 cialism is hoisted in Vienna. National Assembly 
 meets in Vienna and accepts a new Constitution with- 
 out the crown. Victor Adler, Socialist, is Foreign 
 Secretary; Cavalry Captain Meyer, War Minister; 
 Dr. Maboja, Social Democrat, Minister of Interior; 
 Dr. Steinwender, German Nationalist, Minister of Fi- 
 nance. 
 
 Nov. 2— Above Verdun United States troops advance an 
 average of 2}4 miles on 14-mile front; in last 2 
 days take 3,000 prisoners, 60 heavy cannon, hundreds 
 of machine guns; capture Fosse, 8 miles southwest 
 from Stenay; railway junctions in regions of Mont- 
 medy and Longuyon under fire of United States big 
 guns. Paris reports since drive began on western 
 front, July 15, Allied armies have taken 362,355 pris- 
 oners (7.990 officers), 6,217 cannon, 38,622 machine 
 guns, 3,907 mine throwers. During October Allies 
 captured 103,343 prisoners (2,472 officers), 2,064 can- 
 non, 13,639 machine guns, 1,198 mine throwers. Brit- 
 ish casualties reported during October total 158,825 
 officers and men. 
 
 —Italians advance on 12S-mile front, reach Tagliamento 
 River; in present offensive have freed over 1,000 
 square miles of conquered territory, taken 80,000 pris- 
 oners, 1,600 guns ; booty taken exceeds in value ?800,- 
 000,000. In the Trentino Italians advance as far as 
 Sugana Valley passing the Austrian frontier. 
 
 —British take villages of Preseau, Valenciennes, Marlv, 
 advance northeast of Maresches; capture hamlet of 
 St. Hubert and farms in that region. United States 
 troops take and pass beyond St. Georges, Imecourt, 
 Landreville, Chennery, Remonville, Estanne and Clery- 
 le-Grand. 
 
 —Italian Government announces that officer of Austrian 
 (jeneral Staff presented himself at front of Italian 
 lines bearing credentials, asking to discuss armistice; 
 Gen. Diaz referred question to Premier Orlando, now 
 in Paris, who informs Inter-Allied Conference, which 
 discusses and defines armistice conditions and charged 
 Gen. Diaz in name of Governments of Allies and of 
 United States to communicate them to Austrian white 
 flag bearers. 
 
 — King Boris abdicates throne of Bulgaria ; Peasant 
 Government established at Tirnova under leadership 
 of M. Stambulivsky (pardoned by King Ferdinand 
 Sept. 30). 
 
 II 
 
Nov. 3 — United States troops advance to within 4 miles 
 of Stenay, take many towns, prisoners and much boo- 
 ty; Gen. Pershing's men, with Gen. Haig's and French, 
 reach Ghent outskirts, enter Audenarde. United 
 States bombing air machines attack Martincourt, 
 Mouzay, Beauclair and Beaufort. French and Amer- 
 icans clear enemy out of Bourgogne Woods and 
 whole of Argonne region ; take Chatillon-sur-Barre 
 and Bois du Chesne, Toges, Belleville, Quatre-Champs, 
 Noirval and Les Alleux. 
 
 — Italians capture Trent. Italian forces land at Trieste. 
 Italian cavalry enter Udine, chief Austrian base in 
 Italy. In drive more than 100,000 prisoners taken and 
 over 2,200 guns ; entire regiments surrender to Gen. 
 Diaz. 
 
 — Jugo-SIaves seize Austro-Hungarian fleet, except Vir- 
 ibus Unitis, recently sunk by Italians, and send wire- 
 less to President Wilson offering to hand vessels over 
 to United States Government or representatives of 
 Allied navies. 
 
 — Serbian Army occupies Belgrade. 
 
 Nov. 4 — British take Valenciennes, advance 5 miles on 
 30-mile front and are half way through Mormal For- 
 est ; take 10,000 prisoners, 200 guns ; on northern flank 
 approach Belgian border. First British division take 
 villages of Fesmy, Hautreve and La Groise; 32d di- 
 vision takes Ruedenhaut and drives enemy from Mez- 
 ieres. La Folle and Sambreton ; 13th division take 
 Soyers, Preux-au-Bois, Hecq, Futoy and Louvignies. 
 Franco-American troops and Belgians, under King Al- 
 bert, are in outskirts of Ghent and in possession of 
 Audenarde. All towns on west bank of Meuse south 
 of Halles now in American hands. United States 
 troops penetrate village of Beaumont and occupy 
 Lauenville, opposite Stenay; take Les Grandes Ar- 
 moises, an advance of over 3 miles. United States 
 troops now 7% miles from Carignan, on JMezieres- 
 Metz railroad, and 9 miles from Sedan. 
 
 ^Austria accepts truce terms — immediate ending of 
 hostilities by land, on sea and in air ; demobilization 
 of Austro-Hungarian Army, immediate withdrawal 
 from North Sea to Switzerland, half of equipment to 
 be surrendered ; evacuation of all territory invaded 
 since war began, military and railway equipment and 
 coal to be given up ; no new destruction, pillage or 
 requisitions; right of free movement over territory 
 and means of communication; evacuation in 15 days 
 of all German troops, any remaining to be interned ; 
 local authorities of evacuated territory to administer 
 under Allied control ; repatriation without reciproc- 
 ity of all Allied prisoners of war and interned sub- 
 jects of civil populations; naval conditions, definite in- 
 formation of location and movements of Austro-Hun- 
 garian ships to be given ; surrender of 1.5 submarines 
 and all German submarines now in or hereafter en- 
 tering Austro-Hungarian waters ; other surface war 
 ships to be disarmed ; 34 war ships to be surrendered ; 
 freedom of the Adriatic and up the Danube; Allies 
 and United States to occupy or dismantle fortifica- 
 tions ; blockade conditions unchanged, naval aircraft 
 to be concentrated at designated bases; evacuation of 
 Italian coasts, occupation by Allies and United States 
 of land and sea fortifications; merchant vessels to be 
 returned ; no destruction of ships or material ; naval 
 and marine prisoners to be returned without reci- 
 procity. 
 
 — People in Vienna reported to be delirious with joy 
 at peace news. 
 
 — Armistice with Austria goes into effect at 3 P. M. 
 
 Before that Italy had 300,000 prisoners, 5,000 guns. 
 
 . — President Wilson cables felicitations to King of Italy. 
 
 Secretary Lansing sends message to Baron Sonnino, 
 
 Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, now in Versailles. 
 
 ^.'Mlies settle on and sign truce terms for Germany. 
 
 — Chilian Government seizes all German interned trade 
 
 ships. 
 —New (Omsk) Russian Government rescues from 
 "Reds" $400,000,000 in gold taken from Petrograd to 
 Kazan bv Bolsheviki. 
 
 Nov. 5 — Marshal Foch has the Allies' armistice terms 
 Teady for the Germans. 
 
 — Southward from Ghent the Americans went further 
 over the Scheldt, above Audenarde, while south of 
 there British forces occupied a wide stretch of the 
 eastern river bank. 
 
 •^Pershing's 1st Army continued its advance on 
 both banks of the Meuse. Crossings were made north 
 and south of Dun and large forces made good their 
 hold on the hills of the eastern bank and pressed on 
 toward Stenay, from which they were distant 6 miles, 
 and Montmedy. By an advance of more than 4 miles 
 on the center (where the Metropolitan Division from 
 New York has been operating) they passed beyond 
 Raucourt Wood to within 5 miles of the point where 
 the great trunk line to Metz crosses the river and 
 within 8 miles of Sedan. 
 
 — The Allies began the siege of Ghent, the stronghold 
 on the Scheldt River, with American, Belgian, British 
 and French units participating and with the Queen of 
 the Belgians watching, in the van of the attack, the 
 smashing of the city's defenses. Germans already re- 
 ported to have withdrawn their main forces from the 
 city. 
 
 — The American forces later captured Liny-devant-Dun 
 and Milly-devant-Dun, 6 miles south of Stenay, east 
 of the Meuse. They were also occupying the hills on 
 the east bank of the river, despite a stiff machine gun 
 resistance by the Germans. 
 
 — Between the Sambre Canal and the Argonne the 
 French advanced more than 6 miles at points. They 
 captured more than 4,000 prisoners and at least 60 
 cannon. 
 
 Nov. C — Reports from the center of the American line 
 are to the effect that the town of Mouzon is on fire 
 and that part of Sedan is burning. Its footing estab- 
 lished east of the Meuse, the American Army_ has 
 forced its way along both banks of the river, within 
 6 miles of Sedan. 
 
 — American and French troops continue their advance. 
 Murvaux, north of the Freya line and east of Dun, 
 was reached this afternoon, and operations about the 
 heights to the east of Sedan are under way. 
 
 — The British, further west, are 4 miles within the 
 trunk line connecting Northern France and Lorraine, 
 threatening to divide the enemy's forces into 3 armies, 
 with precarious roads of retreat. 
 
 ^As a result of the menace on the flanks, the Germans 
 are retreating fast in the center, leaving guns and sup- 
 plies. Following fast on them the French forged 
 ahead from 5 to 7 miles from Guise to the point of 
 their junction with the American forces west of the 
 Meuse. 
 
 Nov. 7 — The Americans have not only captured Sedan 
 in their advance on both sides of the Meuse, but have 
 made a jump toward the Briey iron mines, which the 
 Longuyon line protects. Longuyon for several, days 
 has been under the fire of American guns. With that 
 part of Sedan resting on the western bank of the 
 river occupied, the American Army is consolidating 
 its positions and preparing for a further adyance. It 
 was contingents of the noted Rainbow Division and 
 of the 1st Division that made the final whirlwind dash 
 into Sedan. 
 
 ^The French advanced 10 miles at points, directly men- 
 acing the German center communications. More than 
 100 villages were taken. 
 — British forces are continuing their progress along the 
 Franco-Belgian battle line. Northeast of Valen- 
 ciennes thev have reached the outskirts of Quievrain 
 and Crespi'n, close to the Belgian border. Further 
 south the town of Angre has been taken. Southeast 
 of the Mormal Forest the British have captured Mon- 
 ceau-St. Vaast and Dompierre, 3 miles northwest of 
 the railway junction of .\vesnes. 
 — Advices from neutral sources indicate that the out- 
 breaks at Kiel and Hamburg and the suburbs of the 
 latter city are assuming serious proportions, the cor- 
 respondent of the Copenhagen Politik at Vamdrup 
 reporting violent artillery firing in the streets of Ham- 
 burg. 
 
 'Ill 
 
Nov. 7 — A premature publication in afternoon newspap- 
 ers that peace terms had been agreed to by Germany 
 made New York City delirious with joy; whistles and 
 sirens blew, bells rang, business was practically aban- 
 doned and the, streets filled up with merrymakers very 
 similar to an old night before New Year celebration. 
 The excitement continued to a late hour in spite of 
 publication of denials of authenticity of report. 
 
 — Admiral Henry B. Wilson, commander of the Amer- 
 ican naval forces in French waters, later said he au- 
 thorized the giving out of the announcement of the 
 alleged signing, believing it to be authentic. 
 
 — Twenty thousand deserters from the German Army 
 are marching through the streets of Berlin. 
 
 — A large part of the German Navy and a great part 
 of Schleswig are in the hands of the revolutionists, 
 according to reports received in Copenhagen from 
 Kiel and forwarded by the E.xchange Telegraph Com- 
 pany. All of the workshops have been occupied by 
 the Red troops and Kiel is governed by a Marines' 
 Soldiers' and Workers' Council. All the street car 
 lines and railways are under control of this council. 
 
 — Virtually all the German fleet has revolted, according 
 to a despatch received from The Hague. The men are 
 masters at Kiel, Wilhelmshaven, Heligoland, Borkum 
 and Cuxhaven. 
 
 — In taking over the battleship Kaiser at Kiel the officers 
 attempting to defend the German flag were over- 
 powered, and 2 of them, including the commander, 
 were killed and a number of others were wounded, 
 says the Cologne Gazette. Three companies of infan- 
 try sent to Kiel to restore order joined the revolu- 
 tion and a fourth company was disarmed. During 
 the night, hussars sent from Wandsbeck were forced 
 to turn back by sailors armed with machine guns. 
 
 Nov. 8 — Germany's armistice delegates were received 
 by Marshal Foch at 9 A. M. in a railroad car in which 
 the Commander-in-Chief has his headquarters. Mat- 
 thias Erzberger, leader of the enemy delegation, speak- 
 ing in French, announced that the German Govern- 
 ment had appointed them plenipotentiaries to take 
 cognizance of the terms, and eventually to sign an 
 armistice. Marshal Foch then read the terms tothem, 
 dwelling upon each word. They made a few observa- 
 tions, pointing out difficulties in the way of carrying 
 out some secondary clauses. Then Erzberger asked 
 for a suspension of hostilities. This request Marshal 
 Foch refused. The delegates having obtained per- 
 mission to send a courier to Spa, German great head- 
 quarters, and communicate with that place by wire- 
 less, withdrew. The armistice terms called for an 
 answer within 7.2 hours, expiring at 11 A. M. Monday. 
 
 — The French have reached Mezieres, the railroad junc- 
 tion on the left of the American front on the Meuse. 
 Gen. Gouraud holds the west bank of the Meuse from 
 Sedan to the outskirts of Mezieres. His troops ad- 
 vanced from 5 to 8 miles in a day. Scores of vil- 
 lages were liberated. Artillery and supplies were 
 rushed up over roads deep with mud and the German 
 resistance became stiffer. 
 
 — The Americans have improved their positions beyond 
 Sedan on both sides of the river, consolidating their 
 tremendous gains of the last 4 days. 
 
 — The British not only have taken the stronghold of 
 Avesnes and vital junction of the enemy's connec- 
 tions between the north and south armies, but have 
 pushed their line to within 3 miles of Maubeuge, a 
 total gain of 5 miles on a front of more than ao miles. 
 
 — Emperor William has refused a demand of the Social- 
 ists that he and the Crown Prince abdicate. Chancel- 
 lor Maximilian, unable to control the Socialists, who 
 are the most powerful bloc in the Reichstag major- 
 ity, has resigned. 
 
 — A popular uprising in Munich has resulted in the 
 proclamation of a republic in Bavaria. 
 
 — The rebels who raised the red flag at Kiel now con- 
 trol all the North Sea Coast of Germany and part 
 of the Baltic shore. Prince Henry of Prussia, the 
 Kaiser's brother, fled under a red flag from Kiel, 
 fired on by revolutionists. 
 
 — Rebellious movements are reported in the great in- 
 dustrial district about Essen. 
 
 Nov. — "The Kaiser and King has decided to renounce 
 the throne," officially announces the retiring Chan- 
 cellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden. Prince Max 
 acted a few hours as Regent. 
 
 — Revolt of the soldiers, sailors and workmen, which 
 began at Kiel, has spread over Germany until the 
 movement has embraced practically all northeastern 
 and northwestern sections of the empire. Rebellions 
 have occurred in Hanover, Cologne, Brunswick and 
 Magdeburg, the latter city 80 miles southwest of 
 Berlin. 
 
 — The population of the Polish Province of Plock has 
 risen against the Germans and there have been con- 
 flicts in which a number of persons of both sides have 
 been killed. 
 
 Nov. 9 — .A.t Berlin the Socialists have taken over the 
 new Government. 
 
 — The commander at Kiel and Naval Capt. Heine were 
 shot and killed while resisting arrest. 
 
 — A general railway strike has been started in Germany. 
 Owing to the run on the banks in Berlin these in- 
 stitutions have stopped payment. 
 
 — Six German battleships anchored outside of Flens- 
 burg in Schleswig have directed their guns against 
 the revolutionists. The battleship Konig, which re- 
 fused to surrender, was captured after a fight. 
 
 — The retired Prussian General, Gustav Ahlborn, 83 
 years old, a veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, com- 
 mitted suicide at the foot of the Bismarck statue in 
 Brunswick. 
 
 — The Americans advanced everywhere along their line. 
 The enemy artillery fire was from large calibre guns, 
 indicating positions a great distance away. One 
 American division reached Mouzay in its forward 
 march, despite machine gun resistance and a fire from 
 mine throwers. Five American ambulances drove by 
 mistake into the German lines northeast of Lion-de- 
 vant-Dun and were captured. Comrades organized a 
 rescue party and returned with the ambulances, 4 
 prisoners and ?• guns. The Americans are in control 
 of both sides of the Meuse and occupied Remoiville 
 Wood. They crossed the river at Mouzon, thus mak- 
 ing their line on both sides complete from Villers-de- 
 vant-Mouzon southward. 
 
 — The British battleship Britannia was torpedoed near 
 the west entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar and sank 
 3% hours later, according to an Admiralty announce- 
 ment ; 39 officers and 673 men were saved. The Brit- 
 annia, which had a displacement of 1C,3.50 tons, was 
 launched at Portsmouth Dec. 10, 1904. She was 453.7 
 feet in length, had a speed of approximately 19 knots 
 an hour and carried a peace time complement of 777 
 men. Her main armament consisted of 4 12-inch 
 guns. 
 
 — Field Marshal Haig announced the capture of the for- 
 tress of Maubeuge by the Guards and 62d Divisions. 
 British troops have made progress south of that town 
 and are east of the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. North 
 of Tournai the British are on the east bank of the 
 Scheldt, about Herinnes and Herchem. South of 
 Maubeuge the British are pushing eastward and are 
 beyond the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. 
 
 — French cavalry crossed the Belgian frontier, over- 
 throwing the enemy rearguards, taking prisoners and 
 capturing guns, material and railway trains. Glageon, 
 Formies, Hirson, Anor and St. Michel were occupied. 
 Our forces continued their pursuit beyond these local- 
 ities on the general line of Momignies, the northern 
 outskirts of the St. Michel Forest, Maquenoise and 
 Philippe Forge. Further east, after having forced a 
 passage on the Thon and Aube Rivers, they occupied 
 the plateau to the north, took Signy-le-Petit and 
 reached the Mezieres-Hirson railway at the village 
 of Wagny and south of Maubert-Fontaine. On the 
 right they reached and surrounded Mezieres and Mo- 
 hon, and crossed the Meuse further east, opposite 
 Lumes. 
 
 XXIX 
 
Nov. 9 — Belgian troops are standing along the Ghcnt- 
 Terneuzen Canal from the Dutch frontier to the Ghent 
 Station. The French troops in Belgium, advancing 
 beyond the Scheldt, were able to occupy Welden and 
 Edelaere. East of Melden the Heights of Koppen- 
 berg were captured. 
 
 — Friedrich Ebert, upon assuming office at Berlin as 
 Chancellor, issued a proclamation announcing that 
 the new Govermnetn at Berlin had taken charge of 
 Business to prevent civil war and famine. In a man- 
 ifesto addressed to the "citizens" of Germany the 
 Chancellor said he was going to form a people's 
 Government to bring about peace "as quickly as pos- 
 sible," and to confirm the liberty which the Govern- 
 ment has gained. 
 
 Nov. 10 — The German courier from the meeting place 
 of the armistice negotiations arrived at German grand 
 headquarters at 10 A. M. He had been delayed by 
 an explosion of an ammunition depot, which he mis- 
 took for firing. 
 
 — The revolution spreads throughout Germany, headed 
 by Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils. 
 
 — Lieut. Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach, the head of 
 the Krupp works, and his wife have been arrested. 
 
 — The ex-Kaiser and suite flee to Holland, arriving at 
 Eysden, on the frontier, at 7 :30 A. M. Thence he 
 went to the Chateau iVIiddachten, owned by Count 
 William F. C. H. von Bentinck, at de Steeg, a town 
 on the Guelders Yssel, an arm of the Rhine, 12 miles 
 from the German border. 
 
 — Count zu Reventlow flees to Denmark. Among the 
 incidents of the revolution is the renunciation by the 
 Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar and his family of the 
 right of exemption from taxation. 
 
 — Wilhelm H, the reigning King of Wurttemberg abdi- 
 cated on Friday night, according to Havas Agency 
 despatches from Basel. 
 
 — The 1st and 2d American armies in their attacks ex- 
 tending along the Moselle and the Meuse advanced 
 on a front of 71 miles. French troops operating un- 
 der the American command also advanced at various 
 points. The captured territory includes the German 
 stronghold of Stenay, Brimoucourt, east of Verdun, 
 and numerous villages and fortified positions in Lor- 
 raine. The entire district in the region of Stenay was 
 flooded by the Germans, who dammed the canals and 
 rivers. The Americans crossed the River Meuse 
 from below, took Stenay in a great northward push. 
 The Germans shelled the Verdun road in the regions 
 of Cesse, Beaumont, Mouzon and Balan. The Mou- 
 
 zon Bridge was broken 
 
 places. Along the Meuse 
 
 from the region of Sedan to Stenay the enemy ma- 
 chine gunners, clinging to the hills overlooking the 
 river, kept flares burning all during Saturday night, 
 preventing the Americans from crossing. 
 
 — The British have entered the outskirts of Mons. It 
 was here the original "contemptibles" made their first 
 stand against von Kluck. South of the city Haig's 
 forces have crossed the Belgian border. Several rail- 
 road trains were taken as British advance guards 
 pressed east of Maubeuge. 
 
 ^In Vienna and Neustadt the aeroplane hangars have 
 been burned. At Salzburg there has been shooting in 
 the streets. From Aussig and Pettau hunger revolts 
 are reported, the military food stores being plundered. 
 A Vienna despatch to the Berlin Vossische Zeitung 
 says : "The former Austrian navy has ceased to ex- 
 ist. The most valuable warships are lying at the bot- 
 tom of the sea. Austrian naval officers who arrived 
 this morning from Laibach relate that the Jugo-Slavs, 
 to whom the fleet was handed, blew up all the biggest 
 ships at Pola, valued at $14,000,000, to prevent "their 
 falling into the hands of the Italians. 
 
 — The Czecho-Slovak press agency wires from Laibach : 
 "Italian military forces have occupied Trieste. The 
 Slovene National Council has protested." The Jugo- 
 slav National Council at Agram has sent a deputa- 
 tion to the Serbian troops now occupying Mitrowitza, 
 asking that the Serbians occupy the whole of Jugo- 
 slavia. 
 
 XXX 
 
 — The first member of royalty in the Austrian entour- 
 age has arrived in Switzerland with an Italian per- 
 mit. He is the Duke of Braganza, former pretender 
 to the throne of Portugal, who sought refuge in Aus- 
 tria and joined Emperor Charles's army. He has 
 reached Samadan, near St. Moritz. 
 
 — More than a quarter of a million of Italian prison- 
 ers of war held in Austria have been returned to 
 Italy. Sick and wounded men will be returned later 
 by way of Switzerland. 
 
 — King Victor Emmanuel of Italy made a triumphal 
 entry into Trieste. The entire population welcomed 
 him. The King, who was accompanied by Gen. Diaz, 
 other generals and Lieut. Commander Rizzo, arrived 
 on the destroyer Audace. The King was showered 
 with flowers as he made his way to the City Hall. 
 
 Nov. 11 — German envoys signed the .Allied armistice 
 terms at Senlis, at S A. M., Paris time, which took 
 efifect at 11 A. M., Paris time (6 A. M. New York 
 time). Delay for evacuation prolonged by 24 hours 
 for the left bank of the Rhine besides the S days ; 
 therefore, 31 days in all. A supplementary declara- 
 tion to the armistice terms was signed to the eft'ect 
 that in the event of the 6 German battle cruisers, 10 
 battleships, 8 light cruisers and 50 destroyers not be- 
 ing handed over owing to a luutinous state, the Al- 
 lies reserve the right to occupy Heligoland as an ad- 
 vance base to enable them to enforce the terms. 
 
 — The Grand Duke of Oldenbur.g has been dethroned 
 and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin has 
 abdicated, according to despatches from Hamburg. 
 
 — President Wilson reads the terms of the German ar- 
 mistice to Congress in joint session and announces the 
 end of the war. Similar declarations were made to 
 the British Parliament, the French National Assem- 
 bly, and at other Allied capitals. In New York and 
 other great cities the event was hailed by celebrations. 
 
 — Dr. Solf, German Foreign Secretary, addresses a mes- 
 sage to Secretary of State Lansing requesting that 
 President Wilson intervene to mitigate "the fearful 
 conditions" existing in Germany. He says the en- 
 forcement of the conditions of the armistice, especially 
 the surrender of transport, means the starvation of 
 millions, and requests that the President's influence 
 be directed to overcoming this danger. 
 
 — Field Marshal von Hindenburg has placed himself and 
 the German army at the disposition of the new peo- 
 ple's government at Berlin. He asked the Cologne 
 Soldiers and Workers' Council to send delegates to 
 German main headquarters at once. Von Hindenburg 
 said he had taken this action "in order to avoid 
 chaos." 
 
 — King Friedrich August of Saxony has been dethroned, 
 according to an official telegram from Berlin. 
 
 — When fighting ended the German front line opposite 
 the 1st American Army, running south and north, 
 was approximately as follows . From north of the 
 Chateau d'Hannancelles, through the Bois de Lavale, 
 the Bois de Manheulles, the Bois Masseneue, thence 
 northwest, passing east to Blanzee, east of Grimau- 
 court, east and north of Nobras Woods, thence 
 through the Grand Chenas, east of Bezonvaux, 
 through the Herbebois Woods, east and north of Hill 
 319, north of Chaumont-devant-Damvillers and Hill 
 324, to the east side of the Thiente Brook and the 
 Damvillers-Metz road, north of Remoiville to the 
 north of the Forest of Woevre and Paalon, to east 
 and north of Stenay, and thence north and slightly 
 west to the end of the sector north of Mouzon, along 
 the Meuse. 
 
 — The front of the 2d Army from south to north was : 
 Nomeny to Eply, through the Bois Voirrotte, through 
 the Bois Frehaut, to the Moselle River and up the 
 river to a point about two-thirds of a mile south of 
 Pagny and thence west to a point one-third of a mile 
 south of Preny. Thence through Remberecourt to the 
 north of the Bois Dommartin, and the Mainbois Farm 
 skirting the northern end of Lake Lachaussee. through 
 the Bois les Hautes Epines, through the Bois de Wa- 
 
vrille, St. Hilaire, Marcheville, Riaville to one-third 
 of a mile soutli of Ville-en-Woevre. 
 
 - — On the front of the 1st and 2d Armies, between the 
 Meuse and the Moselle, Allied troops hold tlie former 
 German front line villages of Ronvaux, Watronville, 
 Blanzee, Moranville, Abaucourt, Dieppe and Bezon- 
 vaux. 
 
 — Thousands of American heavy guns fired the parting 
 shot at the Germans at exactly 11 A. M. At many 
 batteries the artillerists joined hands, forming a long 
 line, as the lanyard of the final shot. There were a 
 few seconds of silence as the shells shot through the 
 heavy mist. Then the gunners cheered. American 
 flags were raised by the soldiers over their dugouts 
 and guns and at the various headquarters. Individual 
 groups unfurled the Stars and Stripes, shook hands 
 and cheered. Soon afterward they were preparing 
 for luncheon. All the boys were hungry, as they had 
 breakfasted early in anticipation of what they consid- 
 ered the greatest day in American history. 
 
 — Mons was taken by the British, and from Belgium 
 to the Meuse the German line was near collapse be- 
 fore the Allied forces got orders to stop punishing 
 the foe. The latest British report says : "At the ces- 
 sation of hostilities this morning we had reached the 
 general line of the Franco-Belgian frontier, cast of 
 Avesnes, Jeumont, Sivry, 4 miles east of Mons, 
 Chievres, Lessines and Gammont." 
 
 — The latest French report says: "In the fifty-second 
 month of a war without precedent in history the 
 French Army, with the aid of the Allies, has achieved 
 the defeat of the enemy." 
 
 — Canada's casualties in the war up to 11 days before 
 the capture of Mons, on the final morning of the con- 
 flict, totalled 211,358 men, it was announced here to- 
 day. These are classified as follows : Killed in ac- 
 tion, 34,877; died of wounds or disease, li,457 ; 
 wounded, 152,779 ; presumed dead, missing in action 
 and known prisoners of war, 8,245. 
 
 Nov. 12 — The abdication of Emperor Charles of Austria 
 is officially announced at Vienna. 
 
 — Latest advices from Germany show that while desul- 
 tory fighting is occurring in Berlin, and that naval 
 mutineers are refusing to yield to any authority, the 
 Socialist Government is proceeding toward full con- 
 trol. All factions of the Socialists are apparently 
 
 working in unison, and the ultraradical, or so-called 
 Bolshevist element, has gained great recognition. The 
 agreement which has been reached between the Social- 
 ist and Independent Socialist Parties and the new re- 
 gime seems to have secured support from the press. 
 In addition to the Wolff Bureau, the Socialists are 
 now represented by 3 newspapers, the Vorwaerts, the 
 Lokal-Anzeiger, formerly the Emperor's favorite 
 newspaper and now rechristened the Red Flag, and 
 the former semi-official organ, the North German Ga- 
 zette, which has taken the new title of the Interna- 
 tional. The revolutionary movement is continually 
 spreading. Koenigsberg, Frankfort-on-Main and 
 Strassburg are now controlled by the Soviets. 
 — The Belgian Legation, in an official statement today, 
 announced that Belgium will no longer submit to a 
 status of "guaranteed neutrality" like that which ex- 
 isted before the war. It aspires to "complete inde- 
 pendence ; to the rights common to all free peoples." 
 — Chairman Baruch of the United States War Indus- 
 tries Board began to lift the restrictions on building 
 material so that the country can return to a peace 
 basis gradually. He announced the reversal of prior- 
 ity orders respecting commodities that had been cur- 
 tailed for the war. The action of the War Industries 
 Board is a first step to be followed as quickly as it 
 is deemed advisable by others. 
 — Secretary McAdoo announced a 75 per cent, reduc- 
 tion in Government war risk insurance rates on hulls, 
 cargoes and seamen's insurance. This made the 
 rate on ships and cargoes through the war zone % 
 of 1 per cent., instead of 3 per cent., with other rates 
 cut accordingly. Treasury officials explained that, 
 although the submarine has been abandoned, risk still 
 exists on account of floating mines and the possibility 
 that some submarines may run amuck. 
 June 28 — German envoys signed the Peace Terms. 
 Aug. 13 — Final casualty reports from the Central 
 Records office of the American Expeditionary Forces 
 in France, made public by the War department to- 
 day, gave the total battle deaths as 49,498, total 
 wounded 205,690 and prisoners 4,480. 
 July 1 — The army had reported 149,433 cases of 
 disabled soldiers to the War Risk Insurance bureau. 
 It was estimated that the final total would be close 
 to 200,000. 
 
 Where Our Soldiers Were in France 
 
 Location of the thirty-five combat divisions and six 
 depot divisions of the American Arn;iy in France on Nov. 
 7, four da.vs before the signing of the armistice, was 
 announced by the "W^ar Department Nov. 27, as follows: 
 
 COIMBAT DIVISIONS. 
 
 1st (Regulars) — Nouart and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Frank 
 
 Parker. 
 2d (Regulars) — Fosse and St. Dizier; Major Gen. .John A. 
 
 Lejeune. 
 3d (Regulars) — Tannois and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Preston 
 
 Brown. 
 4th (Regulars) — Lucey and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Mark L. 
 
 Hersey. 
 5th (Regulars) — Cunel and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Hanson 
 _E. Ely. 
 6th (Regulars) — Stonne and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Walter 
 
 H. Gordon. 
 7th (Regulars) — Euvezin and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Ed- 
 mund Wittenmyer. 
 26th (New England) — Bras, Troyon-sur-Meuse, St. Dizier; 
 
 Brig. Gen. F. E. Lamford. 
 27th (New York)— Corbie, Beauquesne, St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. John F. O'Ryan. 
 28th (Pennsylvania) — Heudicourt and St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. William H. Hay. 
 29th (New Jersey, Delaware. Virginia, Maryland, District 
 
 of Columbia) — Robert Espagne and St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. Edward H. Lewis. 
 
 31st (Georgia, Alabama, Florida) — Brest; Major Gen. Le- 
 
 roy S. Lyon. 
 32d (Michigan, Wisconsin) — Aincreville and St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen. William C. Haan. 
 33d (Illinois) — Troyon and St. Dizier; Major Gen. George 
 
 Bell, Jr. 
 34th (Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Minnesota) — Cas- 
 
 tres; Brig. Gen. John A. Johnston. 
 35th (Missouri, Kansas — Sommedieue and St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen, Peter E. Traub. ■ 
 36th (Texas. Oklahoma) — Conde-en-Barrols, Major Gen. 
 
 W. R. Smith. 
 37th (Ohio)— Thielt, Dunkirk; Major Gen. Charles S. 
 
 Farnsworth. 
 38th (Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia) — Le Mans; Ma- 
 jor Gen. Robert L. Howze. 
 42d (Rainbow) — Maisoncelle and St. Dizier; Major Gen. 
 
 Charles D. Rhodes. 
 77th (New York City) — La Bassee. Varennes, St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen. Robert Alexander. 
 7Sth (Western New York, New Jersey, Delaware) — Le 
 
 Champy Haut and St. Dizier; Major Gen. James H, Mo- 
 
 Rae. 
 79th (Northeast Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Col- 
 umbia) — Vaeherauville and St. Dizier; Major Gen, 
 
 Joseph B. Kuhn. 
 SOth (Virginia, West Virginia. Western Pennsylvania) — ■ 
 
 Sommouthe and St. Dizier; Major Gen, Adelbert Cronk- 
 
 hite. 
 Slst (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Porto 
 
 Rico) — Sommedieue, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. Charles J. 
 
 Bailey. 
 
 XXXT 
 
S2d (Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee) — Plorent; Major Gen. 
 
 George P. Duncan. 
 84th (Kentucky, Indiana, Southern Illinois) — Neuvic: 
 
 Major Gen. Harry C. Hale. 
 86th (Chicago and Northern Illinois)— St. Andre de Cub- 
 
 zac; Major Gen. Charles H. Martin. 
 S7th (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Southern Alabama) 
 
 — Pons: Major Gen. S. D. Sturgis. 
 S8th (North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, West Illinois) — 
 
 Montreux Chateau, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. William 
 
 Weigel. 
 89th (Kansas, Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Color- 
 ado, New Mexico, Arizona) — TaiUy and St. Dizier; Brig. 
 
 Gen. Frank L. Winn. 
 90th (Texas and Oklahoma) — Villers-devant-Dun and St. 
 
 Dizier; Major Gen. Henry T. Allen. 
 91st (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Ne- 
 
 vada, Montana, Wyoming, Utah) — Oostroosebeke and 
 Dunkirk; Major Gen. William H. Johnston. 
 
 92d (Negroes, National Army) — Marbache and St. Dizier; 
 Major Gen. Charles C. Ballou. 
 
 DEPOT DIVISIONS. 
 
 41st (Washington, Oregon. Montana, Idaho, Wyoming)— 
 St. Aignan and Noyers; Brig. Gen. Eli Cole. 
 
 83d (Ohio and West Pennsylvania) — Le Mans and Castres; 
 Major Gen. E. F. Glenn. 
 
 76th (New England and New York) — St. Amand, Mon- 
 tron; Major Gen. Harry P. Hodges. 
 
 S5th (Michigan and East Wisconsin) — Pouilly; Major Gen. 
 Chase W. Kennedy. 
 
 39th (Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana) — St. Florent; 
 Major Gen. Henry C. Hodges, Jr. 
 
 40th (Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Califor- 
 nia) — Revigny and St. Dizier; Major Gen. F. S. Strong. 
 
 Wilson's Fourteen Points of Peace 
 
 On January 8, 1918, President Wilson, in an address 
 to a joint session of Congress named fourteen points as 
 essential in a consideration of peace. His speech, in 
 full, will be found on pages 17-18 of the 1918 World 
 Almanac and Cyclopedia. The fourteen points he stated 
 as follows : 
 
 I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at; after 
 which there shall be no private international under- 
 standings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed al- 
 ways frankly and in the public view. 
 
 II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, 
 outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, 
 except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part 
 by international action for the enforcement of interna- 
 tional covenants. 
 
 III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic 
 barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade 
 conditions^ among all the nations consenting to the peace 
 and associating themselves for its maintenance. 
 
 ^ IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that na- 
 tional armaments will be reduced to the lowest point 
 consistent with domestic safety. 
 
 V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial ad- 
 justment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict ob- 
 servance of the principle that in determining all such 
 questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations 
 concerned must have equal weight with the equitable 
 claims of the Government whose title is to be deter- 
 mined. 
 
 VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory, and such 
 a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will 
 secure the best and freest co-operation of the other na- 
 tions of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered 
 and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent 
 determination of her own political development and 
 national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into 
 the society of free nations under institutions of her 
 own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance 
 als(3 of every kind that she may need and may herself 
 desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister 
 nations in the months to come will be the acid test of 
 their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as 
 distinguished from their own interests and of their in- 
 telligent and unselfish sympathy. 
 
 VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be 
 evacuated and restored without any attempt to limit 
 the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all 
 other free nations. No other single act will serve as 
 this will serve to restore confidence among the nations 
 
 f 
 
 in the laws which they have themselves set and deter- 
 mined for the government of their relations with one 
 another. Without this healing act the whole structure 
 and validity of international law is forever impaired. 
 
 VIII. All French territory should be freed and the 
 invaded portions restored ; and the wrong done to France 
 by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, 
 which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly 
 fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may 
 once more be made secure in the interest of all. 
 
 IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should 
 be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nation- 
 ality. 
 
 X. The peoples of xA.ustria-Hungary, whose place 
 among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and as- 
 sured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of 
 autonomous development. 
 
 XI Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro should be evac- 
 uated ; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded 
 free and secure access to the sea, and the relations of 
 the several Balkan states to one another determined by 
 friendly counsel along historically established lines of 
 allegiance and nationality ; and international guarantees 
 of the political and economic independence and terri- 
 torial integrity of the several Balkan states should be 
 entered into. 
 
 XII. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman 
 Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the 
 other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule 
 should be assured an undoubted security of life and an 
 absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous devel- 
 opment, and the Dardanelles should be permanently 
 opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of 
 all nations under international guarantees. 
 
 XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected 
 which should include the territories inhabited by indis- 
 putably Polish populations, which should be assured a 
 free and secure access to the sea, and whose political 
 and economic independence and territorial integrity 
 should be guaranteecj by international covenant. 
 
 XIV. A general association of nations must be 
 formed, under specific covenants, for the purpose of 
 affording mutual guarantees of political independence 
 and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. 
 
 Mr. Wilson's declaration of fourteen peace points was 
 made a day after the British Prime Minister, David 
 Lloyd George, had stated in a public address to the 
 trades unions what his country considered a basis for 
 peace discussion. 
 
 XXXII