Class. Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSm FRUITS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS BY GERRIT PARMILE WILDER ( Revised Edition, inxluding Vol. 1, 1906. ) Illustrated by One Hundred and Twenty-One Half-Tone Plates with Descriptions of Same Copyright December 19()6, December 1911 Gerrit Paramle Wilder Honolulu, T. H. Published by The Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. 1911 ©CI.A3092T3 MO. I s^ •;. j."^ INDEX PAGE. Persea gratissima, Avocado, Plate 1 7 Persea gratissima, Avocado. Plate II 9 Persea gratissima, Gautamala Avocado, Plate HI 1] Puuica Grauatum, F^omegranate, Plate IV I3 Ficus ('arica. Common var., Plate V lo Ficus Carica, Plate VI 17 Fieus C'arico, White, Plate VII ]9 Jambosa malacceusis. Mountain apple. Plate VIII 21 Jambosa sp., Plate IX 1 23 Jambosa sp.. White var., Plate X 25 Jambosa sp., Red var., Plate XI 27 Eugenia Jambos. Rose apple, Plate XII 29 Eugenia brasilieusis, Plate XIII ' 31 Eugenia uuiflora, Plate XIV 33 Eugenia sj)., Plate XV [ 35 Syzygium Jambolana, Plate XVI 37 Syzygium Jambolana, Plate XVII 39 Averrhoa Carambola, Plate XVIII 4] Achras Sapota, Plate XIX 43 Casimiroa edulis, Plate XX 45 Prunus Persica. Plate XXI 47 C'hrysophyllum ('ainito, Plate XXII 49 Chrysophyllum ("ainito, Plate XXIII 51 Chrysophyllum monopyrenum, Plate XXIV.., 53 Mimusops Eleugi. Plate XXV ............[ 55 Spondias duleis. Plate XXVI 57 Spondias lutea, Plate XXVTI ! ! ! . ^ 59 Mammea Americana, Plate XXVIII !!.!.! 61 Tamarindus indica, Plate XXIX !.!'.! 63 Durio zibethiuus, Plate XXX ..........' 65 Cotfea arabica, Plate XXXI 67 Coffea liberica, Plate XXXII 69 riau.sena Wampi. Plate XXXIII . . , 71 Physalis peruviana, Plate XXXIV 73 Carica Papaya, Plate XXXA' 75 Carica Papaya, Plate XXXVI ..........[ 77 Carica quercifolia, Plate XXX VTI 79 Citrus Japonica, A'ar. Hazara, Plate XXXVIII . . . . 81 Citrus Japonica, Plate XXXIX 83 Citrus Nobilis, Plate XL 85 Citrus medica, var. Limetta, Lime, Plate XLI 87 Citrus medica, var. Limonum, Lemon, Plate XLII 89 Citrus medica, var. Lim-onum (Rough skin), Plate XLIII . 91 Citrus Aurantium, Sinense. Waialua Orange. Plate XLIV 93 Citrus Aurantium, Bahia, or Xavel Orange, Plate XLV 95 Citrus Decumana, Pomelo, or Shaddock, pear shaped, var Plate XLVI \.; : 97 Citrus Decumana, Pomelo, or Shaddock, round var., Plate XLVII. ... 99 Artocarpus incisa, Hawaiian var.. Plate XLVIIT lOl Artocarpus incisa, Samoan var., Plate XLIX . . . . 103 Artocarpus incisa, Tahitian var., Plate L 105 Artocarpus incisa, P'ertile Breadfruit, Plate LI , , . . 107 Artocarpus integrifolia. Jack fruit, Plate LTI 109 Anona muricata, Plate LIII m Anona Cherimolia, Plate LIV II3 Anona reticulata, Plate LV ' . " ' 11.5 Anona squamosa, Plate LVI nj Psidium Guayava pomif erum, Plate LVII "... 119 Psidium Guayava, Sweet red, Plate LVIII 121 Psidium Guayava, White lemon guava, Plate LIX 123 Psidium Guayava jnriferum, Waiawi, Plate LX: . 125 PA(iE. Psidium Cattlevanum. Strawberry guava. Plate LXI 127 Psidium Cattlevamnu, var. lueidum. Plate LXIT 129 Psidium molle.' IMate LXIII 131 Maiigifera iiulica, common mango, Plate LXIV 133 Mangifera indica, Manini mango, Plate LXV 13o Mangifera indica, No. 9 mango, Plate LXVI 137 Musa, Plate LXVII 139 Morinda citrifolia "Noni", Plate LXVIII 141 Vaccininm reticiilatum ' ' Ohelo ' ', Plate LXIX 143 Solanum pimpinellifolium, currant tomato, Plate LXX 145 Solanum Lvcopersicum, grape t'omato, Plate LXX 145 Solanum uodiflorum ' ' Popolo ' ', Plate LXXI 147 Aleurites moluccana "Kukui", Plate LXXII 149 Terminalia Tatappa "Kamani", Plate LXXIII 151 Calophyllum inopliyllum "Kamani", Plate LXXIV 153 Noronhia eniarginata. Plate LXXV 155 Oastanea sativa. fhestnut, Plate LXXVI 157 Inocarpus edulis, Plate LXXVII 159 Canariuni commune. Canary nut, Plate LXXVTII 161 Canarium commune. Canary nut, round var., Plate LXXIX 163 Macadamia ternifolia, Queensland nut, Plate LXXX 165 Macadamia sp. " " Plate LXXXT 167 Aegle Marmelos, Bhel or Bael fruit, Plate LXXXIT 169 Diospyi'os decandra, Brown persimmon, Plate LXXXTIT 171 Lucuma Eivicoa, Plate LXXXIV 173 Eri'obotrya Japonica, Loquat, Plate LXXXV 175 Lit^'hi Chinensis, Lichee fruit. Plate LXXXVI 177 Euphoria Lougana, Plate LXXXVIT 179 Morns nigra. Mulberry, Plate LXXXYIII 181 Garcinia mangostana, Mangosteen. Plate LXXXIX 183 Gareinia Xanthochymus. Pate XC 185 Bunchosia sp.. Plate XCT 187 Malpighia glabra, Barbados cherry, Plate XCII 189 Theobroma Cacao, Cocoa tree, Plate XCIII 191 Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Plate XCIV 193 Monstera delieiosa, Plate XCV 195 Anacardium 'occidentale, Plate XCVI 197 Zizyphus Jujuba, Jujube, Plate XCVII 199 Phvllanthus emblica, Plate XCVIII 201 Phvllanthus distichus, Otaheiti Gooseberry, Plate XCIV 203 Olea Europea, Olive, Plate C ". 205 Vitis Labrusca, Isabella grape, Plate CI 207 Pyrns Sinensis, Sand pear. Plate CII 209 Passiflora quadrangularis, Granadilla, Plate CIII 211 Passiflora edulis ' ' Lilikoi ' '. Plate CIV 213 Passiflora lauriflolia, Yellow^ water lemon, Plate CV 215 Passiflora Alata, Plate CVI 217 Passiflora, var. foetida, Plate CVII 219 Cereus triangularis, Plate CVI II 221 Kigelia pinnata, Plate CIX 223 Phoenix dactylifera, Plate CX 225 Phoenix dactylifera, Plate CXI 227 Acrocomia sp., Plate CXII 229 Cocos nucifera, coco nut palm, Plate CXIII 231 Cordia C'ollococca, Clammy cherry, Plate CXIV 233 Flacourtia cataphracta, Plate CXV 235 Atalantia buxifolia. Plate CXVI 237 Bumelia sj).. Plate CXVII 239 Oehrosia elliptica, Plate CXVIII 241 Ananas sativus. Pineapple, Plate CXIX 243 Oi)untia Tuna, Prickly pear ' ' Panini ' '. Plate CXX 245 Prosopis Juliflora, Plate CXXI 247 PREFACE My original intention with regard to this work, was to pubhsh it in a series of three volumes; and to that end, the first volume was presented to the public in 1 906. Smce that time, however, I have deemed it advisable, for various reasons, to incorporate all my data in one volume. I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness for help in my researches, to various works on Horticulture, and to many of my personal friends who have given me valuable assistance. I trust that this work will prove of some interest, as I believe that it contains a fairly comprehensive list of both the indigenous and naturalized Fruits of the Hawaiian Islands. GERRIT PARMILE WILDER. a. P. W. Collection. Pii'sca u^rafissiiiia. AVOCADO, PALTA OR ALLIOATOR PEAR. Cirown in the garden of Gerrit Wilder. Plate I Plate I. — Avocado. G. P. W. CoUectioi). Pr.ATE II Per sea i^rafissiina. AVOCADO. This spreading evergreen tree is a native of Tropical America. In the Hawaiian Islands, the first trees of its kind were said to have been planted in Pauoa Valley, Oahu, by Don Marin. It at- tains a height of from 10 to 40 feet, and is adverse to drought. Its leaves are elliptico-oblong, from 4 to 7 inches in length. The flowers are greenish-yellow and downy. The fruit, which ripens from June until November, is a round or i)ear-shaped drupe, covered with a thin, rather tough skin, which is either green or purple in color. The flesh is yellow, firm and marrow-like, and has a delicious nutty flavor. The seed-cavity is generally large, containing one round or oblong seed, covered by a thin, brown, parchment-like skin. The quality of the pear is judged, not only by its flavor, but by the presence or absence of strings or fibre in the meat, and also by the quantity of flesh as compared to the size of the seed. Innumerable variations as to size, shape, and quality have been produced from seedlings — some of which may be seen in the accompanying illustration. The Avocado is easily reproduced by budding and grafting, and the best varieties may be obtained in this manner. Plate II.— Avocado. One third iiatural size. 10 O. p. W. Collection. PlATE III Pcrsca gratissiina. Gl^VTAMALA AVOCADO. This variety is a native of Mexico, and although known as the Cniatamala Avocado, it is more commonly to be found in the markets of the City of Mexico. Its leaves are purplish-green. The flowers, which appear in May and June, are like those of the preceding- variety ; and the drupe, which matures in the early part of .the year, lias a long stem. This fruit is round, from 3 to 5 inches in diameter, has a thick, tough, rough rind, which when ripe is a deep claret color, and the meat, which is a golden- yellow, is tinged with purple next to the rind, and is free from strings or fibres. There are but two trees of this variety bear- ing" fruit in Honolulu. They were propagated from seeds brought here in 1890 by Admiral Beardsley. These two trees are grow- ing in private gardens. 11 Plate III. — Avocado. One half natur,Tl size. a. p. W. Collection. Plate IV Punica Granatum. POMEGRANATE. The name was derived from the word punicus, of Carthai>"e, near which city it is said to have been discovei ed ; hence makim- punicum, Apple of Carthage, which was the early name of the Pomegranate. It is a native of Northern Africa, and of South- western Asia, and is grown in the Himalayas up to an elevtaion of 6000 feet. It is a deciduous shrub, which by careful training can be made to grow into a tree from 10 to 15 feet high. Many shoots spring from the base of the tree, and should be cut away, as they draw the sap which should go to the fruit-bearing stems The branches are slender, twiggy, nearly cylindrical, and some- what thorny. The bark contains about ^2 per cent, tannin, and is used for dying the yellow iNIorocco leather. The peel of the fruit serves also as a dye. There are several varieties of Pome- granate growing in Hawaii ; the double-tlovvering variety is pop- ular as an ornamental plant. All of the varieties are of easy cul- ture, and are readily propagated by means of cuttings of the ripe wood. The leaves are lanceolate, glabrous, and a glossy-green with red veins. The flowers are axillary, solitary or in small clusters, and in color are a very showy rich orange-red. The fruit is about the size of an ordinary orange, has a persistent calyx, and is made up of many small compartments arranged in two series, one above the other. The crisp, sweet, watery pink pulp enveloping each seed is the edible portion of the Pome- Sfranate. 13 Plate IY. — Pomegranate. One half natural size. II 0. I', ir. CollecHon. Pl.A TE V Ficiis Cai'ica (common variety). FIG. The b'lg is the mo.st ancient, as well as one of the most valuable of all fruit trees. Its name is nearly the same in all European languages. The tree is supposed to be a native of Caria in Asia Minor. The intelligent cultivators of Anatolia, by whom the Smyrna Figs are produced, adhere to the caprification process, used from time immemorial. In California, efforts have been made to test this process. In the Hawaiian Islands, the Portti- guese seem to be the most ssuccessful cultivators of the Fig, and several varieties are to be found throughout the group. This common variety grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet, is hardy, and can easily be propagated from cuttings. Its leaves are alter- nate, 3 to 5 deeply lobed ,and are shed during the fall months, at which season careful pruning will increase the following year's yield. The fruit is single, appearing from the axils of the leaves, on the new wood. It is a hollow, pear-shaped receptacle, contain- ing man)' minute seeds, scattered throughout a soft, ])inkish- white pulp. 15 Plate Y. — Fig. One half natural size. 16 0. P. If. Collection. PlATE VI I'iciis Carica. FIG. Some years ago, this variety of Fig was to be found growing in large numbers at IMakawao, and in the Kula district of Maui. Now, however, there are few, if any, trees remaining, as a de- structive bhght, together with the lack of proper attention, has caused their extermination. This variety is very prolific. The fruit is small, pear-shaped, and has a particularly sweet and delicious flavor. ]7 Plate VI. — Fig. One half natural size. 18 0. I'. )l'. Collection. PLATE VII Ficiis Carica (white or lemon variety). FIG. This is a low-growing tree with compact foliage. The leaves are small, and the fruit is ronnd-turbinate, about 1 to Ij/S inches in diameter. The skin is very thin, is light-green in color, turning to a greenish-yellow when thoroughly ripe. The pulp is pink, very sweet, and when quite ripe is free from milky juice. This variety is also prolific, is easily dried, and on this account would find a readv sale in our markets. w Plate XU.—Fig. One half natural size. 20 G. P. W. Collection. PlATE VIII Janibosa malaccriisis. MOUNTAIN APPLE, "OHIA AI." This tree is found on all the large islands of the Polynesian groups, and in the Malaysian Archipelago. In the Hawaiian Islands it confines itself almost entirely to the moist, shady val- leys, and thrives well, up to an elevation of 1800 feet. It is gen- erally gregarious, and on the north side of East Maui it forms a forest belt. It attains a height of from 25 to 50 feet. Its dark, shiny, glabrous leaves are opposite, elliptico-oblong, and from 6 to 7 inches long, and from 2^ to 3 inches broad. The flowers are crimson, fluffy balls, appearing in March and April, on the naked branches and upper trunk of the tree. The fruit, which ripens from July until December, generally contains one seed, is obovate, about 3 inches in diameter. The skin is so thin as to be barely perceptible, and the fruit is very easily bruised. In color, it is a deep, rich crimson, shading into pink and white ; the pulp is firm, white, and juicy, with a very agreeable flavor. Plate VIIl.— Mountain Apple. One third natural size. 2si a. r. W. CoUevtiitn. Plate IX Jainbosa sp. (Solomon Island variety). WATER -VrPLE. This low-growing' tree is very rare in the Hawaiian Islands. It was introduced here, from the Solomon Islands, by Mr. A. Jaeger. The foliage and crimson flowers resemble those of the Jainbosa Jiialacccnsis, but the drupe is not so highly colored, and is, in shape, much more elongated. Specimens of this sweet, edible fruit have measured 5 inches in lenoth. Platk IX.— Water Apple. One fourth natural size. u G. P. W. Collection. PLATE X Jamboso sp. (white variety). WATER APPLE. This tree is a native of the Malay Islands. The foliage is symmetrical, and its opposite, shiny leaves are broad, lanceolate, and obtusely-acuminate. The pure white flowers, which .bloom from March until June, are about ^-inch in diameter, and are produced in bunches on the naked branches. The fruit, which is also produced in bunches, ripens in October. It is transversely oval in shape, about 1 to 1>4 inches in diameter at its largest end. It contains from 1 to 3 seeds. Even when quite ripe, the fruit remains pure white in color, and has a tart, insipid flavor. 25 Plate X. — Water Apple. One half natural size. S6 O. P. W. Cnlhction. PlATE XI Jaiiibosa sp. (red variety). WATER APPLE. This low-growing" tree with its bright evergreen fohage, is not common in Hawaii. The flowers are small, deep crimson, and appear on the branches either singly or in bunches. The con- trast between these brilliant lowers and the fresh green leaves makes a very beautiful sight when the tree is in full bloom. The fruit, which ripens in July, appears in clusters ; it is the same shape as that of the preceeding variety, but in color it is a bright scarlet. It contains from 1 to 3 seeds, which are somewhat difficult to germinate. The fruit is crisp, watery, and has a sub-acid flavor. 27 Plate XI. — Water Apple. One third r.atural size. O. p. W. Collection. , PlatE XII Eugenia Jambos. ROSE APPLE. This evergreen tree, which is a native of the West Indies, is of medium size, reaching a height of from 20 to 30 feet. It grows well in Hawaii, and is found at an elevation of 2000 feet. It is propagated from seed, as well as from cuttings of the ripe wood. The leaves are lanceolate, acuminate, thick and shiny. The large, fluffy flowers which appear from January until April, are produced freely, and are a beautiful creamy-white. The fruit is a somewhat compressed, globular shell, varying in size from 1 to 2 inches in diameter, and with a large cavity, containing generally one seed. This shell, which is the edible portion of the fruit, is a light creamy-yellow, with a tinge of pale-pink on one side ; it requires from 2 to 2j/< months to mature. It is firm, crisp, and has a delicious flavor, somewhat resembling an apricot, and with a rose odor. The season for the fruit varies according to the elevation, but generally ends abort August or September. Plate XII. — Bose Apple. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Pl.ATE XIII Eugenia brasiliciisis. BRAZILIAN PLUM, OR SPANISH CHERRY. This evergreen shrub, or low-growing" tree, which in many countries is said to reach a height of but 6 feet, in Hawaii attains a height of 20 feet ; and although it thrives in comparatively high altitudes, it bears best below the 200-foot elevation, and requires considerable moisture. The ijiuntisli. dark, shiny leaves, which are scale-like along the branches, are obovate, oblong, and about 3 inches in length. The blossoming season var.es according to the location ; however, the tree generally has flowers and fruit from July until December. The fruit is the size of a cherry, is deep purple in color, and the persistent calyx is very prominent. The sweet pulp has a very agreeable flavor. Probably the first plants of this variety were brought here by Don Marin, about a century ago. Some fine trees may be found in Pauoa and Makiki valleys, and also in Nuuanu, in the garden which formerlv belonafed to Dr. Hillebrand. 31 Plate XIII. — Brazilian Hum, or Spa)iish Cherry. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. PlATE XIV Eugenia iiniHora. FRENCH CHERRY. This shrub is said to be a native of Brazil. In Hawaii, it is a common garden plant, sometimes reaching a height of 10 feet. Its glossy leaves are ovate-lanceolate, and its peduncles short. It has small, ^dngle, white fragrant flowers. The mature fruit, which resembles a cherry, is about 1 inch in diameter, and is ribbed longitudinally. It has a delicious, spicy, acid flavor. There is generally one large, round, smooth seed. Plate XIV. — French Cherry. One third natural size. a. p. ir. Collection. Pl.ATE X\' Eugenia sp. This is a small JNIalayaii tree which is rare in Hawaii. It has regular, opposite, large, broad leaves ; with the stems and branches four-sided. The purplish-white flowers are produced in clusters. The waxy light-green fruits, with a persistent calyx, resem- ble a small guava. These fruits have a very tough, pithy skin and pulp combined, which is edible, but too dry to be agree- able. The seed is large in proportion to the size of the fruit. 35 Plate XA". — Eugenia sp. Ov.e half nati:r.il size. 36 G. P. W. Collection. PlATE XVI Sy:;yginm Jainbokuia. J.VVA PLUM. This tall, hardy tree is a native of Southern Asia. In Polynesia it grows well, up to an elevation of 5000 feet. It is a very com- mon tree in the Hawaiian Islands. Its leaves, which are from 4 to 6 inches long, and from 2 to 3 inches broad, are opposite, obtuse or shortly-acuminate. The flowers, which bloom in June, July and August, are white and quite fragrant, and are especially attractive to the honey-bee. The oblong fruit grows in large clusters, ripens from September until November, and varies in size from a cherry to a pigeon's egg. It is purplish-black in color, and is edible only when thoroughly ripe. It contains one large, oblong seed. Plate XVI. — Java Plum. One half size. G. P. ]V. CoUccfion. Plate XVII Sy::yiiiiiiii Jaiiibolaiia (small variety). J.WA PLTM. This tree, which is also very common in the Hawaiian Islands, is said to have been introduced by Dr. Hillebrand. It bears but one crop a year, will grow in any sosil, and withstands dry weather. The folia:;e is smaller than that of the preceeding variety ; its leaves are narrower, and a lighter green in color. It blooms at about the same time of year, but its flowers are not as large, and appear in thick bunches. The purplish fruit ripens from September until December . 39 Plate A'VII.— J«i-« Plui One half natural size. 40 G. P. W. Collection. PlatE XV'III Avcrrhoa Corainbola. This tree, which is said to have been named after Averrhoes, an Arabian physician, is a native of Insular India, and is much cultivated in India and China. It is evergreen, with dense foliage, and grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is easily propa- gated from seeds, and fruits in about three years. In Hawaii it bears one crop annually, the flowers appearing in July and the fruit in November and December. The leaves are alternate, odd- pinnate. The flowers, which are borne in clusters on the naked stems and branches, are minute, fragrant, and in color shading from a pale pink to a deep purplish-red. The fruit, varying in size from a hen's egg to an orange, is ovate, and has five acutely- angled longitudinal ribs. The fragrant, light-yellow skin is very thin, and the pulp is watery ; it contains a number of flat, brown seeds. This fruit is of two varieties : the sweet, which may be eaten raw, and the acid which is delicious when preserved. A very appetizing pickle may be made from the half-ripe fruit of the acid varietv. 4i Plate XA'III. — Avcrrhoa CaramboJa. One half natural size. (/. p. w. CoU.-ctioH. Plate XIX Achras So pot a. SAPODILLA, OR NASEliERRV. This tree, which grows on ahiiost all of the Islands of the Hawaiian group, is a fine evergreen, growing to a height of from 10 to 20 feet, and producing a fruit which is much prized in warm countries. The bark possesses tonic properties, and from the juice chewing-gum is made. Its foliage is dense, and the shiny leaves are thick, lance-oblong, entire, and clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers, which are small, whitish, and per- fect, are borne on the rusty pubescent growths of the season. The fruit, of which there are two varieties, the round and the oblong, is about the size of a hen's egg. It has a rough skin, the color of a russet apple, beneith which is a firm, somewhat stringy, sweet pulp, having the' flavor of an apricot. This pulp is divided into 10 to 12 compartments, and contains from 4 to 6 large, flat, smooth, black seeds. Plate XIX. — Sapodilla, or Nascbirry. One half natural size. 44 a. p. W. Collection. Plate XX Casiuiiroa cdniis. WHITE SAPOTA. This tree, which is a native of Mexico, is said to have been named after Cardinal Casimiro Gomez. The first tree of its kind in Hawaii was planted in 1884, at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. The seed came from Santa Barbara, California, where there grows today, a tree more than eighty years old, and which still bears its fruit. It is a tall evergreen with irregular branches ; its digitate leaves are dark and glossy. The trunk is ashen-grey, with warty excrescences. The fruit, which matures in April and May, is large, 1 to 4 inches in diameter ; it is depressed-globular and somewhat ribbed, like a tomato ; in color it is a light-green, turning to a dull yellow when ripe, and it has a very thin skin. The pulp is yellow, resembling that of an over-ripe papaia, and has a melting, peach-like flavor. It contains from 1 to 3 large, oblonsf seeds, which are said to be deleterious. 45 Plate XX. — White Supota. One fourtli iiiitui-al size. u G. P. w. Coilfction. Plate XXI Pniiiiis Pcrsica. PEACH. The Peach-tree is said by some authorities to be indigenous to Persia, while by others it is claimed to be a native of China. It is a hardy tree, and has be?n known to bear fruit precociously even in the second year after planting". If allowed to do so, the Peach will grow to a height of about 15 feet; but it should be pruned annually, in order to secure a good crop. Its leaves are lanceolate and coarsely serrate. The flowers are solitary, pink in color, and appear before the leaves. The fruit is soft and pubescent at maturity. The stone is deeply pitted and very hard. There are two well-marked varieties, the cling-stone and the free-stone. Ulupalakua and Makawao, Maui, once had the reputation of growing finely-flavored seedling peaches ; however, many of these trees have been injured bv cattle, and others have been destroyed by root-fungus and insect pests. In several localities in Hawaii good peaches have been grown from imported varieties. 47 Plate XXI. — Peach. One half natural size. 48 O. P. W. Collection. PlATE XXIL Clirysol'hyllitiii Caiiiito (purple variety). STAR APPLE. This tree is a native of the West Indies, and ahhough not com- mon in Hawaii, there are good specimens to be found in many gardens. It has large irregular spreading branches, grows to a height of from 10 to 25 feet, and has rather thick foliage. Propa- gation is ordinarily effected by seeds, which germinate readily, when fresh. It can also be grown from cuttings of the ripe wood. The tree derives its name from the words "chrysos," gold, and "phyllon," a leaf ; referring to the golden-russet color of the under-side of the beautiful, glossy green leaves. The small flowers, which appear from June until October, are solitary at the nodes or in fascicles. The fruit, which ripens in April, is round, about 3 inches in diameter, has a smooth, tough rind, about 1-16 inch thick, which is a deep purple in color. A cross-section of the fruit shows the edible pulp with its numerous black seeds, and the star-shaped core, from which the fruit derives its com- mon name of Star Apple. Unless the fruit is thoroughly ripe, its milky juice is remarkably astringent. 49 Plate XXII.— ^^or Apple. One half natural size. 50 G. P. W. CoUectinn. PlATE XXIII CJirysopliylhiDi Ca'uiito (white variety). STAR APPLE. This tree, which bears its fruit in from four to five years, has about the same characteristics as tliat of the preceding variety. The fruit is somewhat larger, and is not quite so sweet. In color it is pale green, shaded with purple. 51 Plate XXIII.— ^far Apple. One half natural size. G. P. W. CoUection. PlATE XXIV Chrysophyllum monopyrcn um. This small tree, which is indigenous to the West Indies, is also a native of Southern Florida, and is to be found as an ornamental plant in many localities of tropical America. In Jamaica it is called the "Damson Plum." Its samll, single, white flowers are highly perfumed. The fruit, which matures from August until December, is small, ovoid-oblong, and when ripe is purplish- black ; when bruised it emits a white, sticky juice. l! contains one large seed. Specimens of this tree are to be found growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital and at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. Plate XXIV. — ChrysopliyUum monopyrenum. One half natural size. fti G. P. W. Collection. PlATE XXV ~ Mimusops Elcngi. This handsome evergreen tree, with its bright, glossy leaves, is very suitable for hedges and tor windbreaks. It lias alternate, elliptic leaves 3 to ^lA, inches long. The small, solitary flowers, have many creamy-white petals, and are very fragrant; from them |:erfun-)e is obtained by distill?tion. The yellow fruit is about the shape and size of a small olive, and contains a dry, mealy pulp which is edible, and the large, fint, brown seed yield an oil. Plate XXV. — Mimitsops Elengi. One half natural size. 56 G. P. w. Coliertion. Plate XXVI Spoiidias diilcis. " wi." This deciduous tree is said to be a native of the Society Islands, and is common to the tropics of both hemispheres. It is a large, spreading and graceful tree, reaching a height of from 30 to 50 feet. Its pinnate leaves are green and glossy ; the leaflets are oval-oblong and opposite. The foliage is shed from December until April. The flowers are paniculate, small, and greenish- white. The fruit, which ripens from November until April, is a fleshy drupe, oval in shape, from 1 to 3 inches in diameter ; it has a thin, smooth, golden-yellow skin, which has a rather sour disagreeable odor. The fleshy pulp is light yellow, is mellow when quite ripe, and has a sub-acid delicious flavor, compared by some to the pineapple. Within this pulp is embedded a 1 to 5 loculed, bony endocarp, which contains generally one seed. This endocarp is covered with fibres which penetrate the pulp. The first Wi tree in Hawaii was planted at the residence of Mr. John S. Walker, Nuuanu A'allev. 51 Plate XXVI. — Spondias dulcis. One third natural size. O. p. W. Collection. Pl.ATE XXVI 1 Spoiidias liitca. HOG PLUM. This tree is distribntecl over Tropical America, West Africa and Java, where it is commonly called the ¥\o-^ Plum, and is used for fattening swine. In Jamaica it grows well, up to an elevation of 40C0 feet. It is a large, graceful tree, about 50 feet high, with spreading branches, and it is particularly beautiful when in fruit. The pinnate leaves are a clear green, the leaflets are ovate-hn- ceolate, and the golden-yellow fruit hangs in clusters. It ripens in September and October. The fruit is ovoid, about 1 inch lona:; it has a smooth skin, having a disagreeable odor. There is one large seed, which resembles the husk of a ground-nut. This fruit is cooling and aromatic. To my knowledge there are but two trees of this kind in bearing in the Hawaiian Lslands, and these are growing in private grounds in Honolulu. Plate XXYII.— Hog Plum. One half natural size. 60 G. P. TT. Collection. PlatE XXVIII Mammca Americana. MAMMEE APPLE. The Alamniee Apple, which grows well in Hawaii, is a native of the West Indies, and is a fruit much esteemed in tropical coun- tries. In Jamaica it thrives well, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. The tree attains a height of from 30 to 40 feet, and the wood, which is beautifully grained, is durable and well adapted to build- ing purposes. Its leaves are rigid and leathery. The round seeds, varying in number from 1 to 4, germinate freely, and the young plants are easily raised. The fruit is from 3 to 6 inches in diameter, is brown or russet color, and has a yellow pulp, which is sweet and aromatic. The outer rind, as well as the pulp immediately surrounding the seeds, is very bitter. The fruit may be eaten raw, and is very delicious when preserved. 61. Plate XXVIII Mammee Apple. One fourth natural size. G. p. w. Coih'ction. Plate XX J X Taiiiari)idus iiidica. TAMARIND. The name is derived from Tamar, Arabic for Date, and Indus, Indian ; thus hteraUy meaning" IncHan Date. It is a native of the Indies, Egypt and Arabia. The tree is never leafless, and the foHage is graceful, jiinnated and acacia 1 ke. It bears one crop a year, the season varying somewhat according to the location and elevation. It yields a handsome, hard and close-grained furniture wood, which is yellowish-white, with occasional red stresks in it; the heart-wood is dark brownish-purple. The pods are thick, linear, dark brown in color, and from 3 to 6 inches long. The seeds vary in number. The pulp surrounding the seeds has a pleasant acid flavor, and when made into syrup, forms the basis of a delicious, cooling beverage. This pulp is called the fruit, while the pod is spoken of as the shell. The Tamarind is propagated from both seeds and cuttings, and is undoubtedly one of the noblest of our tropical trees. 63 Plate XXIX.— Tamarind. One half natural size. 61 G. P. w. Collection. Plate XXX Diirio zibcthmus. DURION. This fine tree attains a height of from 60 to 80 feet; it derives its name from the Malay word "dury," a thorn, in reference to the prickly covering of the fruit. The leaves, which are a light, glossy green on the upper surface, are alternate, entire, elliptical and acute. The yellowish-white flowers are large. The fruit, which is either globular or oval, sometimes measures 10 inches in length. It has a hard rind, covered with thorny warts or spines, and externally looks not unlike a breadfruit. . When ripe, it is brownish-yellow, and, when opened at its lower end, shows five longitudinal sections or cells, each containing from 1 to 4 seeds about the size of a pigeon's tgg. The edible pulp surrounding the seeds is firm and cream-colored. The Durion is remarkable for its combination of an absolutely delicious flavor and an abom- inably offensive odor. To my knowledge there is but one tree in bearing in the Hawaiian Islands, and that is growing in private grounds at Lihue, Kauai. 65 Plate XXX. — Durion. One third natural size. 6*6' a. P. w. Collection. Plate XXXI C off CO arabica. ARABIAN COFFEE. The Coffee-tree is said to be a native of Abyssinia. Two species, the Arabian and the Liberian, are now cultivated through- out the tropics. The use of coffee was known in Arabia long- before it was introduced to Europeans in the sixteenth century. The Dutch were the first to introduce the plant to Europe. The Arabian Cofifee-tree is low-growing, and bears one crop annually ; its laves arc elliptico-oblong, acuminate, generally from 3 to 6 inches long, and are thin and shiny. The white flowers appear in clusters, and are very fragrant. The berries are ovoid, fleshy, and bright red. In this berry are found the two seeds, which constitute the coffee of commerce. The Coffee-tree was intro- duced into Hawaii about 1823, by a Frenchman, whos established a small plantation in Manoa Valley, Oahu. The tree is now well nnturalized in the woods of Kona, Hawaii, and elsewhere in the Islands, and flourishes up to an elevation of from 1000 to 2000 feet. 67 Flat?: XXXL — Arabidn Coffee. One half Datural size. 68 G. P. \y. Collection. Plate XXXII Coffca Uhcrica. LIBERIAN COFFEE. This species is a tall grower, is highly ornamental in foliage, and is a rich bearer. Its leaves are from 6 to 12 inches long. The white flowers come in dense clusters, and are more robust and productive than are those of the Arabica. The berries are nearly spherical, and in color are a dull crimson. The pulp is large in proportion to the size of the seeds. Although this variety has not become popular in Hawaii, it is claimed that it will grow at a much lower elevation than will the Arabica. and the flavor is said to be very fine. 69 Plate XXXII. — Liberian Coffee. One half natural size. •71) o. /'. II'. Cniicciion. Plate XXX I II Clausciia Wanipi. WAMPI. This odorous tree is a native of Ciiina. It is a symmetrical evergreen with dense fohage. The Hght, mossy-green leaves are imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate-repand, and they are rough on the under surface. The flowers, which are borne in clusters, on the new wood, are small, yellow, and very fragrant. The fruit ripens from June until October ; it is about the size of a goose- berry ; the skin is yellowish-brown, shaded with green. The pulp is sub-acid with a balsamic fragrance. It contains one large seed about the size of a kernel of corn. There are two varieties, the sweet and the sour ; both may be eaten raw, and are very highly prized by the Chinese. I know of but two trees of this kind in the Hawaiian Islands ; they are of the sour variety, and are grow- ing in private gardens in Honolulu. 7/ Plate XXXIII - ]V(impi. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. PLATE XXXIV Physalis peruviana. CAPE GOOSEBERRY " POHA." This shrub, or bush, is a native of Brazil, but is naturahzed in many warm countries. It stands partially erect, reaching a height of from Ij/S to 3 feet. Its pointed leaves, heart-shaped at the base, are very fuzzy. The open, bell-shaped flowers are yel- low in color. The fruit, which is about the size of a cherry, is enclosed in a thin, yellow, paper-like husk, which is quite hairy. When ripe, the fruit is yellow, and has a delicious sub-acid pulp, filled with minute seeds. The Poha may be eaten raw. but is much more acceptable when made into jam or jelly. The dried fruit is said to be a substitute for yeast. In Hawaii, the Poha thrives best in the cool elevations. Plate XXXIV. — Cape Gooseberry. One third natural size. /4 a. V. It'. VMeciwi\. Plate XXXV Carica Papaya. TAPAiA (fruit, female tree). The Papaia is a native of South America ; it is found in Plorida, and in many parts of tropical America ; it was early intro- duced into Hawaii, grows and bears well in almost any locality. h is a small tree, with a hollow, branchless trunk ; it is short- lived, and is suitable only to regions free from frost, and re- quires perfect drainage. There are two forms, the tall and the dwarf, but there are numerous variations as to shape and quality of the fruit. The soft green leaves, often measuring two feet across, are variously palmated, and have simple, long, hollow stems. The Papaya is usually dioceous ; the fruit-bearing tree is called the female ; it is claimed that trees of both sexes should be planted near each other, in order to ensure a good yield. The female flowers, which aj^pear from the axils of the leaves, are yellowish-white, single, or two or three together. The fruit of the Papaya ripens successively. It is either round or oblong, and sometimes weighs eight pounds. The skin is thin, and is bright yellow when ripe. The firm, yellow pulp has a de- licious flavor, and the milky juice contains a digestive principle similar to pepsin. The seed cavity is large, and is filled with many small seeds which are enveloped in a loose, mucous coat, with a brittle, pitted testa. When fresh these seeds germinate readilv. 75 Plate XXXV. — Papula (fruit, female tree). One fourth natural size. 76 a. p. W. Collection. PLATE XXXVI Carica Papaya. PAPAiA (fruit, male tree). The size, shape, foHage and general appearance of this tree is the same as that of the preceding variety. Its flowers appear on long stems, are funnel-shape, and have five lobes. The male tree sometimes produces fruit, and it is of large size and fine quality. A good example may be seen in the accompanying illustration. I know of no method whereby one can, by any selection of seeds, produce with any degree of certainty, plants of either male or female variety. n Plate XXXVI. — Fapaia {fruit, male tree.) One third natural size. 78 G. p. ir. Collection. PlATE XXXVU Carica qiicrcifolia. This species of dwarf Papaya is uf recent introduction to Ha- waii. It has a soft, hollow trunk, and low. spreading branches. The leaves are deeply lobed, of a light green color on the upper side, and whitish-green underneath. Flowers dioecious, yellow- ish-green, having five petals. Fruit the size of a large olive, green, and ribbed with five white stripes, changing to yellow when ripe. The yellow pulp, containing numerous seeds, has a strong pesin fiavor that is quite agreeable. 79 Platk XKXWL—Caricu quercifolia. One third iiiitmal size. 80 G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXVIII Citrus Japoiiica. \'ar. " Hazara." CHINESE ORANGE. This familiar and highly ornamental tree, commonly known as the Chinese orange, was very early introduced to these Islands. It is well named Hazara ( meaning thousand of fruit ) , as it is one of the most prolific of the citrus family, and both green and ripe fruit in great quantities may be found on the same tree at almost any season of the year. The tree is of medium size, and the small, shiny leaves have short petioles. It is generaly thorn- less. The flowers are white and fragrant. The round fruit is a deep 3'ellow, and its smooth skin is very loosely attached. The pulp is also a deep yellow and contains many seeds, and the sour juice is very plentiful. The tree is hardy and free from disease and scale. Propagation is by seed. 81 Plate XXXVIII.— Chinese Orange. One lialf natural size. G. r. W. Collection. PlATE XXXIX Citrus Japonica. KUMQUAT. The Kumquat is a native of Cochin-China, and is also culti- vated in Japan, Florida, and California. It is a low-growing bush or shrub, having smooth, angular branches, and in both the round and oval varieties the dark foliage is dense and beautiful. It is a very prolific bearer. Its leaves are small, lanceolate, slightly serrate, pointed or blunt and wedge-shaped at the base. The small, white flowers come solitary or in clusters, the fruit varies in size from a large gooseberry to that of a pigeon's egg, and is either ovate, oblong, or spherical. It is 5 to 6 celled, has very little pulp, and contains many seeds. The pulp is somewhat sour, especially in the round varieties ; and the smooth, thick, yellow rind is aromatic and sweet; the Kumquat is generally preserved whole, and those prepared by the Chinese are very delicious. This ornamental citrus tree is not often seen in our gardens, for it is subject to scale, and to the mealy bug, which destroy the flowers and stunt the fruit. The Kumquat comes true to seed, and may also be propagated by grafting and budding. 83 Plate XXXiX. — Ku mquat. Two thirds natural size. Si G. P. W. CvUertion. PlATE XL Citrus Xobilis. MANDARIN ORANGE. This small tree or thornless shrub with its dense foliage is a native of Cochin-China, and fine specimens of this- tree, with its golden fruit in season, can be found in many gardens about Honolulu, especially those of the Chinese. Its leaves are lanceo- late, its petioles short. Flowers are white and fragrant. The fruit is compressed-spherical, apex depressed, a ridge about the stem. The thin peel is greenish-yellow, baggy, and separates readily from the sections. Pulp generally dry, sweet, juice scant, fruit containing many seeds. The characteristic odor of the leaves, twigs and fruit of all varieties of the Mandarin orange is easilv recocrnizable. Plate XL. — Mandarin Orange. Two thirds natural size. 86 (}. P. W. CoUeition. PlatE XLI Citrus incdica liinctta. LIMES. This small tree or bush thrives in Hawaii, and yields good crops. It requires a sandy, rocky soil, and does well in the shaded valleys. However, it is attacked by scale pests and root fungus, and many valuable trees are destroyed in this way. The dark green, shiny leaves are oval or elliptical, and emit an agreeable odor when bruised. The fragrant flowers are small, white, with an occasional tinge of pink. The fruit is small, varying in shape from round to elliptical. The light yellow skin is oily and very bitter, and the pulp is juicy and sour. The picture repre- senting this fruit shows several varieties, forms and shapes ; those on the left being the Mexican type, those on the upper right the Kusai lime, the latter much resembling a mandarin orange in shape, and has a loose skin, but the pulp is very juicy and ex- ceedingly sour. This lime has become very popular in Hawaii, grows readily from seed, and produces true. To Mr. Henry Swinton is due the credit of int'oducing this variety in 1885 from Kusai, or Strong's Island, Micronesia. 87 Plate XLI. — Limes. One half natural size. 86 G. F. W. Collection. Plate XLII Citrus mcdica Uuionum. LEMON. This is a spreading tree, having ovate-oblong, fragrant leaves with short petioles. The flowers are small and white. The me- dium-sized fruit is egg-shaped, ending in a nipple-like point. The thin, smooth skin is aromatic. The juicy pulp is rich in citric acid. Many choice varieties of lemons have been introduced to Hawaii, but they have not thrived particularly well, because of the scale and insect pests which so greedily attack them ; eternal vigilance is necessary in order to get the fruit matured ; some very fine specimens, however, have been grown in Kona, at an elevation of 1500 feet. 89 Plate XLII. — Lemon. One half natural size. 90 o. i: ir. Collection. Plate XLllI Citrus uicdica z'ar. limoniiin. ROUGH-SKIN LEMON. This variety is very hardy, bears profusely, and requires much more water than does the orange. Being a strong, vigorous grower, it forms an excellent stock upon which to graft the citrus varieties. The flower is white, with a reddish tint outside. The fruit is generally oval, and contains many seeds. The pale yellow skin is rough and warty. The pulp is coarse-grained and very juicy. It comes true to seed. 91 Plate XLH[.— Bough-skin Lemon. One half natural size. O. p. ir. Collection. Pj.ate XLIV Citrus Aurantium Sincnsc. WAIALUA ORANGE. This tree, which grows to a height of from 20 to ZS feet, is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries. Its young branches are pale green, angular and glabrous. The leaves are oblong, ovate and pointed, and the petioles are narrowly winged. Its flowers are white and very fragrant. This variety of orange, locally known as the Waialua orange, has a bright yellow fruit, generally round, with a coarse, thick skin, very juicy pulp, and numerous seeds ; and was introduced by \^ancouver and planted in Hanalei valley, Kauai. It is now widely disseminated through- out the group, and in Kona. Hawaii, grows exceptionally well. This orange is said to produce true to seed. 93 Plate XLIV. — Waialua Orawje. One half natural size. H G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLV Citrus Auraiifitiin. BAHIA, OR WASHINGTON NAVEL. This variety was first introduced into the United States from Brazil, and is now the most popular of all the oranges. It is cul- tivated extensively in California, in which State the first trees of its kind were planted ; for this reason it is often called the Riverside Navel. The fruit is large, solid, and heavy. It is seed- less, and has a prominent navel mark at the apex. The brilliant orange color of the skin is one of its characteristics. Grafted and budded trees of this variety of orange may be found growing in many localities in the Hawaiian Islands, but the fruit is not as fine as it should be, as, with few exceptions, it has a tendency to become very dry and woody. 95 Plate XL\'. — Bahia, or Washington Navel Orange. One half natural size. 96 6. P. W. Collection. PlatE XL VI Citrus Dccumana. POMELO OR SHADDOCK (pear-shaped var.). This hardy tree, with its spreading branches, grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is extensively cultivated in India, and widely distributed over the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. It was early introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, presumably by the Chinese, who seem to be especially fond of the fruit, as it is al- ways an important feature of their New Year's decorations. The leaves are large, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse, and frequently emarginate, and the petiole is broadly winged. The flowers are large and white. This pyriform variety, which is from 6 to 8 inches in diameter, often weighs 4 to 8 pounds. The pale-yellow rind is smooth, thick and very bitter, but can be made into a preserve. The pulp varies in color from pale yellow to red, and has a sub-acid, slightly bitter, flavor. 07 Plate XLVI. — Pomelo or Shaddock {pear-shaped var.) One third natural size. 98 a. r. w. Collection. Pl.\te XLVII Citrus Dccumaiia. POMELO OR SHADDOCK ( round var. ) The fruit of this round variety is smaller than that of the pre- ceding' variety. The light-yellow rind is coarse, spongy, thick, and leathery. The cells of the pulp are coarse, dry, and have a bitter, sub-acid flavor. There are many large, wedge-shaped seeds. 99 I'LATE XL\1I. — Pomelo or Shaddock (rojind var.) One third natural size. 100 G. P. W. Collection. PLATE XLVIII Artocarpus incisa. p.REAUFRUiT (Hawaiian var.) " ULU." The first breadfruit trees were brought from Tahiti by the Hawaiians who, landing at Ewa, carried them across the moun- tain, and presented them to one of the Chiefs of Oahu, who Hved at Kualoa. There they were planted and thrived. At the present day this variety of the breadfruit, now called the Hawaiian va- riety, is to be found growing wild throughout the Islands. There are many varieties of this handsome tree, which grows to a height of from 15 to 40 feet. It thrives best in hot, moist places, and requires a great deal of water. Its large ovate leaves are rough and deeply lobed. The male flower is a large yellow catkin. The fruit is formed from the female flowers, and is attached to the branches by large stems. In shape it is either round or oblong, varving in size from 5 to 8 inches in diameter. The thick, tough rind is, in some varieties muricated, ?nd in others it is reticulated. In color it is green, changing to brownish when the f'uit is rii e. The pulp is fi-m. mealy, and somewhat fibrous, and as an article of diet is much esteemed. Propagation is by suckers, or by layers from the branches. 101 Plate XLVIII. — Breadfruit (Haivaiian var.) — " Ulu. One third natural size. 103 G. P. vr. Collection. Plate XLIX Arfocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT ( Samoaii var.) This variety was introduced to these Islands by Mr. James Bicknell. Its large, oval leaves are leathery and rough, and less deeply lobed than are those of the Hawaiian variety. The round fruit has a characteristic raised ring where it is attached to the long stem. The yellowish-green rind is reticulated, and the orange-colored pulp is somewhat sticky when cooked, and is very sweet. This variety occasionally produces seed. 103 Plate XLIX. — Breadfruit (Samoan var.) One half natural size. 104 G. 1'. ir. Colh'clion. Plate L Artocarpus iiicisa. BREADFRUIT ( Tahitiaii var.) This variety of Tahitian breadfruit is found only in a few gardens in Hawaii. Its glossy green leaves are nearly entire. The oblong fruit has a deep yellow pulp, with very little fibre. 105 Plate Ij.— Breadfruit (Tahitian var.) One half natural size. 106 G. P. ^V. Cidlevtwn. PlaTE LI Artocarpiis iiicisa. FERTILE BREADFRUIT. This seeding variety is rarely cultivated on account of its in- ferior fruit. The leaves are slightly lobed. The fruit is oblong with a short, thick stem, and is covered with short, hard projec- tions. The fibrous pulp contains numerous large seeds, which are edible when cooked. ion Plate LI. — Fertile Breadfruit. One third natural size. 108 G. P. TF. Collection. Plate LII Artocarpus intcgrifolia. JACK FRUIT. This tree is a native of India and Malay. And was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. David Forbes of Kukuihaele, Hawaii. The Jack fruit is a large, handsome tree, with leaves from 4 to 6 inches in length, which on the old growth are obovate-oblong and on the young branches are narrow. The oblong, irregular fruit, which varies in weight from 20 to 60 pounds, is borne on the trunk, as well as on the old branches. The green rind is covered with small hexagonal knobs. The pulp when ripe has an overpowering odor and is seldom eaten ; but the oily seeds when roasted are edible, and are said to resemble chestnuts. On Tantalus, Oahu, the Jack fruit thrives well, and has produced fair sized fruits. It is a tree that needs a great deal of moisture, and consequently is seldom grown on the low lands. 109 Plate LII. — Jack Fruit. One fourth natural size. 110 a. p. W. Collection. PlATE LI 1 1 Anona mnricata. SOUR SOP. This small, hardy evergreen tree is very common in Hawaii. Its dark green, glabrous leaves are pointed, elliptical, and are shiny on the upper surface, but rusty beneath. The greenish- yellow flowers are usually solitary, and have a peculiar odor. The fruit is large, varying in weight from 1 to 15 pounds. In shape, it is either oblong or conical and blunt. The rough,, dark green, shiny skin, which is irregular in thickness, is studded with fleshy spines. The soft, white, cotton-like pulp is divided into sections, each containing a shiny, black seed, about half an inch long. These are very readily propagated. Ill Plate LIII. — Soar Sop. One third natural size. G. P. TT. Collection. Plate LIV Anona ChcrimoUa. CHERIMOVER. The Cherimoyer. a well-known fruit of the tropics, is said to be a native of Peru. It is naturalized in Central America, is hardy in the mildest coast regions of Spain, and in Jamaica is cultivated up to an elevation of nearly 5C00 feet. It thrives on the Florida Keys, and is also grown to a limited extent in South- ern California. The tree grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet ; its branches are spreading, and the dark, shiny leaves are either ovate or oblong, and are sparsely hairy above and velvety be- neath. riie single petale;!, velvety-green flowers are very fragran'.. The fruit, which is about the size of a large orange, is heart- shaped and slightly flattened at the stem end. When ripe, the skin is a greyish-green, and is covered with slightly-raised semi- circular markings. The wiiite pulp, which is soft and rich, is divided into cells, each containing a black seed about the size of an ordinary bean. The Cherimoyer comes true to seed and bears in about three years. It is one of the most delicious fruits, and its delicate, slightly-acid flavor is very characteristic. The Cheriiuoyer was one of the earliest fruits introduced to these Islands, and the best specimens of its kind are grown in Kona and Kau, Hawaii, where it continues to propagate itself naturally from seed. 113 Plate LIV. — Cherimoyer One half natural size. 114 a. p. W. CoUpctinn. PlatE LV Anona reticulata. CUSTARD APPLE. This tree, which is not common in Hawaii, is rather delicate, and grows to a height of from 10 to 15 feet. It is a native of the Antilles, and is a very popular tree in the West Indies. It thrives in Southern California. Its leaves, which are either lanceolate or oblong and pointed, are glabrous above and rough beneath. In color they are light green and rather brittle, when bruised they emit a very unpleasant odor. The flowers are three-petaled and are greenish or yellowish, with purple spots at the base. Artificial pollination will in- duce the flowers to set and produce better crops. The heart- shaped fruit is from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. The skin is smooth, with small depressions ; when ripe, it is a pinkish-yellow and shading to a russet. Next to the skin the pulp is soft and creamy-yellow, while toward the center it is quite white. The flavor is sweet and delicious. There are numerous smooth, black seeds. This fruit, like its cousin the Cherimoyer grows true to seed. i?. r^ ^ f : ■ * ^i^^y V ^^cJ ^k! t^ W -^ ^E^ik ^^^^ijPI wst ^^ nv^ ^ - l^ft ,-9 ^^^^ ~^^^ ^^^^^^^ \ 1 r Plate IjV.— Custard Apple. One third natural size. 116 O. p. W. CoUertion. PlATE LVI Aiiona sqitaiiiosa. SUGAR APPLE SWEET SOC. This small tree is native of the West Indies, from which coun- try the plants found growing in many of our gardens in these Islands were imported. The thin leaves are ovate-oblong-, and are very slightly hairy on both sides. The greenish flowers are about an inch long. The fruit which is from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, is the shape of a pine cone ; it is greenish-yellow when ripe, and each carpel forms a slight ]x:)rtuberance. The sweet, creamy-white pulp is very delicious. There are numerous small smooth, brownish-black seeds, which germinate readily, and the ]>lants bear fruit in from two to four years. This variety of anona is sensitive to drought, and thrives well at the high ele- vations. 117 Plate 'L\i.— Sugar Apple— Sice et Sop. One half natural size. 118 G. p. TT. Collection. PLATE LVII Psidiuui Guayava poinifcnnii. ( Common giiava. ) The (lUava is an extensive genns of low-growing evergreen trees, found chiefly in the West Indies, South America, and China. The}' have become naturahzed in Hawaii, and may be found grc^wing wild on waste lands and by the roadside. In some localities growing so rank as to become troublesome. The leaves are oval to oliiong, usualh- accuminate, glabrous above and pubescent beneath, and have prominent veins. The fragrant, white, solitary dowers are axillary. The somewhat rough skin of the globose fruit is a brownish- yellow, and the firm, dark-pink pulp, in which is embedded numerous seeds, is generally acid and aromatic. This guava is the source of the famous guava jellv of commerce. 119 Plate LVII. — Fsidiuni Gnayara pomifcrum {common guava). Om- half natural size. 120 a. I', ir. Coib'riior,. Plate LVIII Psidiiiiii Giiayaz'a. ( Sweet red.) This giiava has the same general characteristics as the pre- ceeding variety. It is more frequently found in valleys and gulches than in the open. Its red pulp is firm and sweet. Plate LVIIl. — Psidium Giuiyava (.^weet red). 1^2 G. P. W. Collection. PlatE LIX Psidiiim GHuyin'a. { White lemon g"uava. ) The lemon g'uava tree grows taller and somewhat more erect than the others. The pear-shaped fruit is large, often 3 inches in length. Jt has a rough, greenish-white skin, and the white pulp is sweet. This is a cultivated variety, and is found growing in a few gardens in these Islands. Plate LIX. — l\sidiuiu Guayava {white lemon guava). One half natural size. a. /'. ir. CoUcrtinn. Platk I-X rsidiiiin Gnayai'a pyriferum. " WAIAWI." This handsome evergreen tree was an early introduced species, and now is very common about the islands. Grows very s}'m- metrically, and attains the height of 20 to 2S feet. Leaves, small, lanceolate, shiny, tlie trunk and branches smooth. Flowers wiiite and very fragrant ; fruit small, pear-shaped, pulp yellow and containing many seeds ; this species is very prolific, but the fruit is inferior. 1S5 Plate \^X.— "Waimvi." One half natural size. 126 G. P. W. Collerlion. Plate LXI Psidiitm Cafflcyaiiiiiii. STRAWr.ERRV GU-WA. One of the hardiest of the guavas, and said to be a native of Brazil. The date of its introduction to Hawaii is not recorded. and as Hillebrand makes no mention of it, it is probably of re- cent importation. A shrubby tree 15 to 20 feet high. Leaves opposite, obovate, siuall, leathery, dark-green, shiny. Flowers white, fragrant. Fruit spherical, about one inch in diameter, purple- reddish when ripe, soft, juicy pulp, which has an agree- able flavor, and containing" many small seeds. This fruit is used for making jaius and jellies, and bears a crop more or less during all the months of the vear. JS7 Plate LXI. — Strawberry Guava. One half natural size. a. p. w. CoUecHon. Plate LXII Psidiiim Catflcyaiiuin. (var. liicidiiiii.) This low-growing shrub is occasionally cultivated in these Islands. It has opposite obovate leaves, and fragrant white flowers. The round fruit, which has a sweet, yellow pulp, is larg-er than the strawberry guava, and has a more delicate flavor. n'.i ^^ i ^c fr*H 1 Plate LXII. —Psirfmm Cattleyanum. ( var. lucidum. ) One half natural size. 130 G. P. w. Collection. Plate LXIII Psidiiiiii iiiollc. This species was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. A. Jaeger; and a single specimen of its kind is now growing at the Old Planta- tion. Honolulu. It is a low-growing, slender, willow-like tree of straggling growth. The o])posite leaves are small, stiff and rough. The white flowers are fragrant. The small, round fruit is brownish-green, turning to a pale yellow when ripe. The white pulp is slightly acid, and contains many seeds. This guava is rather an inferior fruit. 131 Plate LXIII. — Psidium molle. One half natural size. i.r^ a. p. w. CoiU'cHon. Plate LXVI Maiigifcra indica. MANGO. The mango, which is a native of South Asia, is extensively cultivated throughout India, the Islands of the West Indies, and somewhat in Florida. In Hawaii it has become thoroughly nat- uralized, and is one of the most common trees ; growing from the sea level up to about 1,000 feet. A hot, rather dry, climate, with well-drained soil suits it best. It is an evergreen, shady tree of quick growing habit, sometimes reaching a height of 70 feet, and having a round, dense top. All parts of the mango tree have a resinous fragrance, that suggests turpentine. Its thick, shiny leaves are from 6 to 10 inches in length. The greenish, scented flowers are borne in large terminal panicles ; and these are folowecl three or four months later by the fruit, which is large and kidney-shaped, having a smooth, rather soft, pale-green skin, with tints of yellow and red. The large seed is nearly as long as the fruit, its shell is rough and fibrous, and the kernel is shaped like a bean. In the inferior varieties of mangoes the pulp is full of fibre and tastes strongly of turpentine. There are numerous varieties of the mango cul- tivated in Hawaii ; the fruit of which varies much in point of flavor, juiciness, as well as in the size and shape of the seed. Within the past ten years improved varieties have been im- ported ; notably the Alphonse, Cambodiana, Pirie, and many others. These have thrived well and have borne delicious fruit ; from them many grafts have been made and the finer grades of mangoes have been disseminated. Propagation is effected by seed, by grafting or inarching, and by budding. The mango as a rule does not come true to seed ; also seedlings take much longer to fruit than do the grafted trees. The illustration on the opposite page is that of the socalled common mango, which was brought to Hawaii from Mexico. Plate LXIV. — Mango. One third natural size. 134 O. I'. W. CnUeetion. Vl.ME LXV Mangifera iiidica. MANINI MANGO. This tree is supposed to be the first mango tree brought to the Hawaiian Islands. It was planted in the early part of the nineteenth century by Don Marin, whom the Hawaiians familiar- ly called " Manini." He brought to Hawaii many useful trees and plants ; among the number was this mango, which he planted in his vineyard, then known as " Ka Pa Waina." and there it may be found today ; a venerable tree standing about 80 feet high, having a spread of over 100 feet, and its trunk measuring 15 feet in circumference. Although a prolific bearer, its fruits, which are borne in large clusters, are small, and of an inferior quality, having a thick skin and a large, hairy seed. 135 Pi, ATE LXV. — Manini Muityo. One half natural size. 7J6 . (lecidiions tree, generally called Kamani by the Havvaiians, with its spreading' branches in horizontal whorls or layers, is one of the familiar and useful shade trees of these Islands. Leaves large, opposite, broadly obovate-obtuse, very short petioled, and turning" brilliant shades of red and yellow during the autumn. Flowers greenish-white on long" spikes, upper ones staminate, the lower ones perfect. The almond-shaped fruit is a compressed hard, nut-like body 1 to l^/^ inches long, with a thin outer cover- ing which is sweet, and spongy. There is generally one, some- times two, small, edible kernels found embedded in the hard body. These may be eaten raw, or roasted. 151 Plate LXXIII. — Tropical Almond — " KnDuini. One half natural size. 152 (I. P. W. CoUection. PlATE LXXIV Calophyllitm iiiophyllnin. " KAMANI." This Kamani is a large tropical tree, having shiny, leathery, evergreen foliage. Its leaves are obovate, usually niarginate, and its white flowers are very fragrant. The fruit, which generally conies in clusters, is round, about the size of a large walnut, and has a thin. leathery skin which covers a boney shell, inside of which is a corky substance surrounding the seed or kernel. This tree was an early introduction to these Islands, and is commonly seen on our seacoasts. 153 Plate LXXIV.— "iiTama^ii." One half natural size. 154 G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXV Noronhia cmarginaia. This tree is a native of Madagascar and also of Mauritius. A fine specimen may be seen at the Government Nursery, Honokdu. It is a handsome evergreen with entire, cuneate, coriacious leaves, having short petioles. The yellowish dowers come in clusters, and are quite fragrant. The fruit is a one-celled drupe, almost round, and about an inch in diameter. It is purple when ripe, and has a tough skin. The sweet, edible pulp surrounds a very large seed. 155 Plate LXXV. — Noronhia emarginata. One lialf natural size. 156 G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXVI Cast ail ca saliva. JAPANESE CHESTNUT. This is a close-headed tree of slender growth, attaining a height of from 30 to 50 feet. Its leaves are smaller than those of other chestnuts, generally from 3 to 7 inches long, and are either rounded at the base or reduced to a long, bristle-like point. The monoecious flowers are arranged in long catkins. The small burs have a thin, papery lining, and short, widely-branch- ing spines. The nuts are large and glossy, usually three in a bur. They are somewhat inferior in quality, but are palatable when cooked. To my knowledge there is but one tree of this variety growing in these Islands, and it is to be found on the slopes of Tantalus, where it w^as planted by the Department of Agriculture. 15: 'A& "^WBf ^^^^w'^ ^j^^ % ^Ik^'^^^^^^^I^^^A X ^Pl ^Sj^^r"^ Ih^8^ Plate LXXVI. — Japanese Chestnut. One half natural size. 158 G. P. W. Collection. PlatE LXXVII Inocarpns cdulis. TAHITIAN CHESTNUT. This tree, which is said to be a native of the Mohiccas, is an evergreen of very rapid growth. Its straight trunk, with smooth, ashen-grey bark', its spreading branches, with their dense green foHage, make a very ornamental as well as usefvil tree. Its leaves are alternate and simple. The small, fragrant, pale yellow flowers are very numerous. The drupe is obliquely oval, and about the size of a goose Qgg, containing a large kernel which is edible when roasted, but is not especially palatable. The only trees of this variety growing in Hawaii are to be found at Ahuimanu Ranch, Oahu, where they fruit regularly, and the seeds germi- nate after being in the ground some months. 159 Plate LXXVII. — TahitMii Chestnut. One third natural size. I GO G. P. W. Collection. PlATE LXXVIII Canarium commune. CANARY NUT. This medium-sized nut-bearing tree is found growing in Java, Guam and the PhiHppines, and from any one of those countries may have been introduced to Hawaii. A fine specimen may be seen at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. Its leaves are al- ternate, odd pinnate. The small flowers come in terminal panicles. The fruit or nut is ellipsoidal. The thick skin, which is purple-colored when ripe, covers a hard, three-lobed stone, which differs from a pecan nut only in that it is sharp at each end. The kernel is small, sweet and edible. Trees propagated from the mature nuts. IGI Plate hXXyUl. —Canary Nut. One half natui-al size. 16S a. v. W. Collection. PlATE LXXIX Canarium couiinunc. CANARY NUT (rouiid Variety). Few trees of this round variety are to be found in Hawaii. Its leaves are smaller than those of the preceeding variety, and it is a very poor bearer. Plate LXXIX. — Canary Nut (round var.) One half natural size. 164 G. P. ir. Collection. Plate LXXX Macadainia t cm if alia. QUEENSLAND NUT. lliis snb-tropical Australian tree sometimes grows to a height of 60 feet, but in Hawaii is of medium size. It is symmetrical and handsome^ having dark green, shiny foliage, and long tassel-like white flowers. Its glabrous leaves are sessile, oblong, lanceolate, serrate, with fine prickly teeth, and come in whorls of 3 to 4, vary- ing in length from a few inches to a foot. Flowers small ; fruit has a thick, very hard shell, which when ripe is a smooth, shiny brown. The kernel is white, crisp and sweet, and has the flavor of hazel nuts. It may be eaten either raw or roasted. The tree matures its fruit in the Fall months, and is easily propagated from tilt fresh nuts. 165 Plate LXXX. — Queensland Nut. One half nutiiral size. 166 G. P. W. CoUection. PlATE LXXXI Macadainia sp. This variety of the Queensland nut has leaves and fruit larger than those of Macadainia tcniifolia. 167 Plate LXXXI. — Macadamia sp. One half natural size. .IG8 G. P. W. Collection. PlatE LXXXII Acglc Mannclos. 15HEL OR BAEL FRUIT. This small spinose tree is a native of tropical Asia, and al- though not commonly grown in Hawaii, s]5ecimens may be frjund in several gardens. It has alternate trifoliolate leaves, and its flowers, which grow in clusters, are small and fragrant. The gourd-like fruit, with its hard shell, is from 2 to 4 inches In diameter, and is either round or pear-shaped, and although heavy and solid, it will float in water. The rind, when ripe, is a yellow- ish-brown color, and is studded with oil cells. The interior sur- face of the skin is lined with open-mouthed cells, which pour their gummy secretions into the interior of the carpel, filling it and bathing the seed. The pulp is sweet and aromatic, and is esteemed for making conserves, and also as a cooling drink. In India, the roots and leaves are used medicinally, llael gum is a sticky, astringent substance soluble in water. The fruit con- tains several large, flat, woolly seeds, wdiich germinate readily, and the plant is also very easily propagated from root cuttings. 16 [) Plate L,XXXU.~Bhel or Bad Fruit. One third riitiiral sizo. 170 0. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXIII Diospyros dccandra. BROWN PERSIMMON. This is an evergreen tree rarely found in Hawaii. It has alter- nate, irregular, long, narrow leaves, shiny dark-green on the upper side, a velvety light-green on the underside, and has a long petiole. The branches are brittle, light-green, smooth and shiny when young, and after the leaves shed become woody and inclined to dry back. The trunk and bark of the tree is covered with warty excres- ences. The solitary flowers are four-petaled. The edible fruit ripens in December, is round, depressed, about 2^/^ inches in diameter, in color light-green dotted with numerous white spots. ^^^^en quite rijDe the thin skin turns to a shiny-brown. The soft chocolate colored pulp is sweet and contains from 1 to 8 large flat seeds. 171 Plate LXXXIII. — Brown Persimmon. Natural size. ITl^. (1. r. w. Collection. Plate LXXXIV Lucunia Rivicoa. EGG FRUIT. This small evergreen t''ee, which is a native of Brazil, is found only in one or two gardens in Honolulu. Its leaves are elliptic- obovate, resembling' those of the mango. The yellow flowers are single, the fruit is the size and shape of a hen's egg, and has the flavor of the yolk of an egg sweetened with sugar. It has from one to three large seeds, which are easily germinated. 173 I'LATE LXXXIV.— EfiTf/ Fruit. One third ratural ti_e. 174 G. P. W. Collection. PLATE LXXXV Eriobofrya Japonica. LOQUAT. The Loquat has been for many years a familiar fruit in our gardens, and is a native of China and Japan. It is a low ever- green tree with thick foliage, and in congenial climates is a pro- fuse bearer. Its leaves are thick, oblong, and remotely toothed and grow near the ends of the branches. The white flowers grow in clusters, are very fragrant, and the fruit, which also ripens in clusters, about Christmas time, is pear-shaped, and has an agreeable acid flavor. The seeds are large, and germinate readily. Fine grafted and budded varieties have been introduced by local horticulturalists. 175 Plate LXXXV.— Logwaf. One fourth natui-cal size. 176 a. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXVI Lite hi Chiiiciisis. " LICHEE." This tree, with its dense fohage, is a native of Southern China. The first tree of this variety was brought to Hawaii by Mr. Afong-, and planted at his residence in Xuuanu avenue, Hono- kdu, in the year 1870. The leaves are alternate, and abruptly pinnate ; the oblong- leaflets are not quite opposite. Flowers pale green, small and regular, producing bunches of reddish-colored fruits, each about the size of a small walnut. They are covered with a parchment- like skin having many soft spines. The interior consistss of a large seed covered with a whitish pulp of a sweetish acid flavor ; this pulp when dried in the shell becomes somewhat shriveled, brownish in color, and very sweet. The fruiting season is in July, and as there are but few trees here that bear, high prices are obtained for this rare fruit, which is much prized by the Chinese. Fresh seeds will germinate, but it re(|uircs so many years for these seedlings to bear that grafted and budded plants are imported from China. 777 I'LATE IjXXXVI.—" Lichee." One third natural size. ns a. /'. W. CoUeHion. Plate LXXXVII Euphoria Loiii^ana. LONGAN. This tree is a native of India and Southern China. It pro- duces its flowers and fruits at about the same time of year as does the Litchi, which it somewhat resembles, although its fruits are somewhat smaller and less palatable. The tree grows to a height of about 20 feet. It has large, alternate, pinnate leaves, and the oblong leaflets are not quite opposite ; they are glossy on the u])pcr surface, and a dusty-brown on the underside. The small flowers come in terminal panicles ; and the fruit, which is borne in clusters, has a thin, brittle, somewhat rough shell. There is one large, smooth, hard seed, around which is a thin layer of sweetish, aromatic pulp. The best fruits raised here are those grown by the Chinese. 77.9 Plate LXXX VII. — Longan. One third natural size. 180 G. P. K. VoUecii.m. PLATE LXXXVIII Morns nigra. MULBERRY. This low-growing tree is a native of southwestern Russia and Persia. It has rough, dark-green leaves, usually not lobed. The thick, fleshy fruit is variable in size. The mulberry grows readily from cuttings. 181 Plate LXXX V 1 J T .—M ulberry. One third natural size. IH^ a. P. ir. Collection. Plate LXXXIX Gai'ciiiia iiiaiigostaiia. .MANC;()STEE\. This tree is a native of Sumatra and of the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago. It is of medium size, the stem rising to a height of about 20 feet : and its branches coming out in regular order give the head of the tree the form of a parobola. The leaves are about 8 inches long and 4 inches broad at the middle ; they are a beautiful green on the upper side and a delicate olive on the under side. The flowers resemble a single rose with dark- red petals. The fruit is round, about the size of a small orange, and has a characteristic persistent calyx. The shell is at first green, and when ripe changes to ]iurplish-brown marked with yellow spots. The Alangosteen is called the queen of fruits, and the tree upon which it is produced is most graceful and beautiful. Those who have tasted this fruit in its perfection declare it to be indescribably delicious. The Alangosteen must have a hot, moist, and fairly equable climate throughout the year. Many Mangosteen trees have been brought to Hawaii, and have received intelligent care, but they have not thrived well ; and have eventually died. Only two have ever produced fruit ; one in the garden of Mr. Francis Gay of Kauai, which bears its fruit annually, and the other tree at Lahaina, ]\Iaui, in the gar den formerly the property of Mr. Harry Turton. 183 J'J.ATE LXXXIX. — MangoHtccn. Two thirds natural size. 184 G. p. w. Collection. Plate XC Garciiiia Xaiitlwchymiis. This handsome tree is a native of India, and was tirst intro- duced to Hawaii by Mr. Albert Jaeger. It has long, narrow, leathery leaves of a bright, glossy green. The flowers, which have four petals, appear at the axil of the leaves, and the fruit, which is about the size of a small quince, has a smooth, thin skin, which is yellow when ripe. The firm pulp is golden yellow, very juicy, and sour, and the seeds are large. This va- riety is common in the Islands, and has often been mistaken for the Mangosteen. It ripens its fruit in October and November. This variety has been used to inarch the garcina mangostana upon. 185 Platk XC. — Garcinia Xaiitfiochi/mus. One third natural size. 186 a. P. Tr. Voltertion. Plate XCI Buiichosia sp. This tree was doubtless introduced to Hawaii from South America. There are only two specimens of its kind growing in Honolulu. Its fruits are edible, but not especially palatable. It is a small tree liaving terete branches, and its opposite leaves are oblong-elliptical, dark-green above and a lighter, somewhat glossy-green beneath. The ]ietioles are short. The axillary in- florescence comes in long, slender cymes, and the five-petaled flowers are yelow. When ripe, the obovate fruit is a purplish- yellow, having usually two seeds, and but one seed when abortive. 187 Plate XCJ. — Bunchosia sp. One hiilf nutural size. 188 5' (^ . 4l "'^^^^M .^^H ' > ' <»H^n^^^a| - '^' 3J r Plate CXX. — Pricliy Pear — " Paiiini." One half natural size. ^f6 (1. P. ir. cilcction. Plate CXXI. Prosopis Jul if or a. ALt;AR01!A " KIAWE." The Kiawe deserves a special mention in this book, as it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable and beautiful trees that grows in the Hawaiian Islands. Perha]:)S on account of its very general disseiuination, and because of the ease with which it spreads spontaneously, even in the driest districts, it has re- ceived less consideration than has been accorded to other plants more difficult of propagation. The Kiawe is the foundation of all the beauty of our lowlands, and provides a delicate background for other plants. Under favorable circumstances, it reaches to a height of 50 feet. It has wide-spreading branches and delicate-green foliage. The flowers yiekl a delicious honey, and the seed-pods furnish a valu- able fodder, and, finally, when the tree is cut down, its wood makes the very best of fuel. The Algaroba is a native of Cen- tral and South America. Ordinarily it is a moderate-sized tree of quick and easy growth. Its branches in most cases are covered with stout, cylindrical, axillary spines, and in other cases they are unarmed. The abruptly bi-pinnate leaves have from 6 to 30 pairs of linear leaflets about one-fourth to one inch in length. The small, pale- yellow flowers come in cylindrical spikes. The straight or sickle- shaped seed-pod is sweet, and is eaten by stock. Propagation is by seed. The first Algaroba tree of Hawaii was brought to Honolulu in 1828 by Father i'achelot, founder of the Roman Catholic Mis- sion in the Islands. It was planted in the Mission garden, where the venerable tree "is standing today. Plate CXXI. — Algaroha—' ' Kiawe. m IS ^9^2