LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Chap. LJJl/OI PRESENTED BY ,. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THE CLASS OF 1890 EDITION de Lixe. limited to five copies : printed throughout on deckel-edge antique paper : numbered i to =>. Regular EDITION, limited to one hundred copies ; num- bered 6 to 10^. No. Che Class of mo HAMILTON COLLEGE, CLINTON, N. Y. COMPILED BY / MELVIN GILBERT DODGE Class Secretary CLINTON, N. Y. Ok Kirkland Press ^ 1 < I - jarei. H Colors: Orange and White. ^ PR€TflC€ EARLY twelve years have elapsed since the members of the class of '90 met for the first time on the steps of the old college chapel. Forty-three men were then enrolled with the class. Eight years ago we were enjoy- ing senior vacation, a body of thirty -six. During the college course forty-eight men in all were connected with the class, every one of whom has been heard from for the biographical sketches included in this volume. Of the thirty-six graduate members twenty- one are married, with a progeny of eleven boys and eleven girls. The fact that Ham- ilton college is not coeducational seems to have no influence upon the sex of the new generation. Miss Katharine Day Kittinger was born June 17, 1892, and is the oldest child. The following is a summary of the present Vlll Class of we occupations of the graduates, three nai being used twice. Assistant superintendent telephone exch., i Clergymen, 8 College instructors, 2 College librarian, 1 College professors, 2 Insurance broker, 1 Journalists, 2 Lawyers, 8 Manufacturers, 2 Merchants, 2 Musician, 1 Physicians, 3 Superintendent of schools, 1 Teachers, 4 Traveling salesman, 1 Of the sometime members, nine out of the twelve are married. Seven boys and one girl make their hearts glad. The object of the "Documentary history" has been to record not only events that were direclly connected with the class, but epoch-making events in connection with the college. Many facts, unimportant in them- selves, are included merely to show the temper of the time. When '90 was in its freshman year nearly all of the college men roomed in the dormitories on the campus. The D. K. E. house had been burned during the summer of '86, consequently only the Preface ix houses owned by Sigma Phi, Alpha Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, and Chi Psi were standing. Before graduation, however, we saw the houses of Delta Upsilon, Delta Kappa Epsilon, and Theta Delta Chi built. In Hamilton col- lege, then, the class of '90 saw something both of the dormitory life and the chapter- house life. A custom in full vogue in '86-7 was that of carrying lunches. Every student, nearly, had his lunch basket with him when he went on to the hill in the morning after breakfast. Other customs that '90 helped in breaking or establishing are mentioned in the body of the volume. I regret that all have not been able to furnish late photographs for the groups. One or two additions should be made to the biographies. Root is at present war correspondent for the New York Sun at Key West, Fla. Minor has become ('98) a mem- ber of the Buffalo ( N. Y. ) university club. The home address of Phillips is 311 North Seventh street, Allentown, Pa. The business address of Miller is 52 Broadway, New York. Gilday is connected with the Royal League fraternal life insurance company, instead of real estate agency. I am most grateful to all the members of the class who have so promptly answered the many communications of the secretary. "In parting," our valedidorian should have Class of isoo said (see page i s <». last line). 'I will not >.tv good-by, but farewell until we meet again '" on the college campus in 1900, every mother's son of us. M. G. I). Clinton. N. Y., May 24, 1898. TABLE OF CONTENTS cflBEe ot contents Preface . . vii Table of Contents xiii Graduate Members Anthony 3 Benton 4 Burton 4 Conklin 5 Covell 6 Crockett 7 Dodge 8 Evans, E. 10 Evans, H. 1 1 Geer . 12 Gibbons 13 Gray . 13 Groat . 15 Hughes \6 Ibbotson 17 Kittinger 19 Kreutzer 20 Lewis 21 xiv Class of wo Loomis 22 Martin dale . 23 Mead 2} Miller M Minor 26 Moore 21 Perine 28 Phillips 29 Popoff 29 Rodgers P Root 33 Seavey M Sharp * Smith 31 Smyth , 3 S Stevens 40 Theodoroff . 4^ Tooley 43 SoMETiMh Members Gibson 47 Gildav 48 Lee 48 McAniff 49 Mc Giffert . so Mills y Osborne 5 1 Rudd 51 Stewart 5a Wallace M Wight 74 Willard 55 Cable of Contents XV Documentary History Freshman Year Sophomore Year Junior Year Senior Year 1897-8 Class Schemes Banquet Prize Declamation Campus-day Class-day Clark Prize Prize Debate Commencement Prizes Freshman Year Sophomore Year Junior Year Senior Year Library of Political Science Clark Prize Oration Pruyn Medal Oration Head Prize Oration Kirkland Prize Oration Kellogg Prize Oration . Valedictory Oration 59 68 13 98 101 102 104 104 IOS 106 107 113 114 Hi 1 16 121 127 137 147 *57 165 173 GRADUATE MEMBERS GRflDUflte m€mB€R$ CHARLES HERBERT ANTHONY was born at Gouverneur, N. Y., Dec. 20, 1868. Prepared for college at Gouverneur Wes- leyan seminary. <* Psi Upsilon. Theta Nu Epsilon. <* Entered with '89 ; Member of that class, '85 -Jan., '87 ; of '90, May, '87-90. <*, Junior diredor, Tennis association, C h&tles H . Anthony, '88-9. Captain, Bicycle club, '88-9. Manufacturer, Treasurer, Democratic tariff-reform Gouverneur, N. Y. club, '88. Senior delegate, New York State in- tercollegiate athletic association (business meet- ing), Syracuse, Jan., '90. Manager, Baseball association, '89-90. . Telephone Exchange, Assistant superintendent. Central New Utica, N. Y. York Telephone and Telegraph Co.. Utica. '97 - . i (Mar. 21. '96) : numerous sketches and rhymes. New York 5////. Detroit Journal, Detroit Tribune. -. a. Commis- sioner. Synod of Pennsylvania, '96. Moderator. Presbvterv of Lackawann. A Author. "The Books of the Kings of Judah and Israel : A Harmony of the Books of Samuel. King- Chronicles, in the Text of the Version New York. Eaton & Mains. Q7: square 8vo. ?p. x — J65 : -Alter Five and Sixty > An Historical Handbook Issued in Commemora- tion of the Sixty-fifth Anniversary of the First Presbyterian Church of Canton. Pennsylvania. Sunday. December 5 Canton. Pa.. Sentinel Pres> mo. pp. ^o. m Ion. Melvin G. Dodge, Librarian, Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. ELVIN GILBhRT DODGE was born at East Rodman. N. Y., Feb. 1868. Prepared for college at Adams collegiate institute. <* Delta Upsi- Treasurer. Tennis association. '88-9 : Senior director, '89-90. Referee. College field- day. M a Junior delegate. Y. M. C. A. State convention. V tertown. Feb.. '89. Member. E utive committee. White cross league. A Junior d Delta Upsilon '89 -go. convention. Cleveland. O. -v Graduate members 9 Delta Upsilon editor, 'go Hamiltonian. A As- sistant to Professor Chester in the Chemical laboratory, '89-90. A Member, General com- mittee. A Honor oration. Phi Beta Kappa. A. B. A. M., '94. A Tutor at E. P. Powell's, and Assistant in the department of chemistry, Hamilton college, '90-1 ; Assistant in the de- partment of chemistry, Assistant librarian, and (spring term) Instructor in mathematics, '91-2. Student of chemistry (summer course), Harvard university, Cambridge, Mass., '92. Librarian, and Assistant professor of chemistry, Hamilton college, '92-6 ; Librarian, '96- ; Clerk of the faculty, '94-. Dire&or, Nature school, Greenacre- on-the-Piscataqua, Eliot, Me., '97 (summer). ^ Member, Board of trustees, Hamilton college Y. M. C. A., '90. Marshal, New York Epsi- lon of Phi Beta Kappa, '92-3 ; Assistant secre- tary, '93-. Member, Executive committee, General society of Hamilton alumni, '92 - 6. Secretary and treasurer, Hamilton college athletic association, '92-5 ; Treasurer, '95-. Librarian, Delta Upsilon fraternity, '94-. Permanent secre- tary, Class of '90, Hamilton college, '97-. a, University extension lecTure before the Central New York farmers' club, Utica, " Farmers' libra- ries and home culture," April, '92; "Well water and sewerage, " Mar., '93. mer) ; Presbyterian church, Manlius, Clergyman, '92-3. Ordained, Ticonderoga, Sept. Gasport, N. Y. 6, '93. Pastor, Congregational church, Ticon- deroga, '93-4; Gainesville, '95-6; Gasport, '97-. & m. Louie May Hill, Syracuse, Sept. 26, '93. <& Brother, Hymen A. Evans, '90. YMEN AUGUSTUS EVANS was born at North Walton, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1864. Prepared for college at Dela- ware literary institute, Franklin. A Emerson Literary Society. A Member, Pre- sentation committee. A A. B. A Hymen A. Evans, Student, Buffalo law school, '90-I. Lawyer and Teacher, Principal, and Teacher of English Ian- Rome, N. Y. guage and literature, Evans academy, Peterboro, 91-2. Student of law, oifice of Stone, Gannon, & Pettit, Syracuse, '92 (summer). Principal, public school, Rensselaerville, '92-3; Cedarville, '93-4. Supervisor, and Instructor, Central New York institution for deaf-mutes, Rome, '94-. Student of law, office of Hon. Isaac J. Evans, Rome, '94-6. Admitted to the bar, Rochester, July 29, '96. Attorney and coun- selor at law, Rome, '96-. Senior member, Law firm of Evans & Cagwin (W. J.), '96-. A Brother, Emory L. Evans, '90. \2 Class of wo CI ARI NCE JAMES GEER was born at Merrickville. Can., Nov. 21, 18 Prepared for college .it Mynderse acad- emy, Seneca Falls, N. V. a, Psi Upsi- lon. Theta Nu Epsilon. ck Pitcher. College baseball team. *8o-c>o. Sophomore direct..;. Clarence J. Geer, Athletic association. '87-8. Vice- Teacher, president, Tennis association. '81 Shadyside Academy, a, Junior appointment. Mc Kinney Pittsburg, Pa. prize contest in declamation. Men- Res. 204 Dithredge St. tIon Kellogg prize contest tor Eng- lish essays, ••The Clytemnestra of /Eschylus and the Lady Macbeth of Shakespeare. " junior year. A Psi Upsilon editor, go Hamiltonian. A Contributor. " Lucile, " Hamilton Literary (Monthly. 22 : 100-8 (Feb.. '88) : "Jaques. the modern reformer. " lb., 24 : 2^-4 (Mar.. 90). A Chairman. Invitation committee. & Credit group. A. B. a Teacher of English and classics. Clinton grammar school. '90-1. AcTing professor of rhetoric and elocution. Peabody normal college, university of Nashville, Tenn.. q\-2. Teacher of classics. Nashville academic school. '92-4. Head of English department. Shadyside academy. Pittsburg. Pa., 04-. * Member, Association of the preparatory schools of the Middle States and Maryland, 04-. & Brothers. George H. Geer. '95 : Leroy T. Geer, 00. JF Graduate members 13 RANK GIBBONS was born at Franklin, N. Y., Jan. 17, 1869. Prepared for college at Delaware literary institute, Franklin. & Delta Kappa Epsilon. Theta Nu Epsilon. A Secretary and treasurer, College whist club, '88-9. & Senior delegate, Delta Kappa Epsilon convention, Ffank GibbonSf Boston, Mass., Oct., '89. A Haw- Lawyer, ley medal in Greek and Latin. First Buffalo, N. Y. Munson prize in German. a Delta 0fficc > 8J6 Guaranty Bldg. Kappa Epsilon editor, 'go Hamiltonian. & Credit group. A. B. <& Student, Buffalo law school, '90-1; Law office of F. M. Inglehart, Buffalo, '91-4 ; Managing clerk, same office, '93-4. Admitted to the bar, Rochester, Oct., '92. Attorney and counselor at law, Buffalo. '92- . Member, Law firm of Wood ( Lyndon D. ) & Gibbons, '95-6 ; Wood, Gibbons, & Pottle (Henry W. ), '96-7; Gibbons & Pottle, '97-. t* Member, University club of Buffalo, '94- • CHARLES OLIVER GRAY was born at Heuvelton, N. Y., June 3, 1867. Pre- pared for college at Ogdensburg free academy. , b 24:249-50 (Mar., uo> : " By starlight and sum lb., 25:250-5 (Mar.. 01). A Prophet. CI day. A A. R. A. M.. 94. a Assistant to the librarian, Hamilton college. «->o-i. Traveled in France. Switzerland, and Germany, "qi immer). Student (with special work in Hebrew, and church history >. Union theological seminary, New York. ui-4. Home missionary. Joplin. Mo.. g2 ( summer ) : Presbyterian church. Axton. N. V.. 93 (summer). Organized Italian boys' club. 148 Mulberry street. New York. '93. Student. Early church history, and life of Christ, university of Berlin, Germany. Q4 (winter semester) : English literature, university at Halle, q^ (summer semester). Traveled in Belgium. Germany, and Italy, '94-5. Assistant professor of English literature. Ham- ilton college. q=»-o: Associate professor of English literature and Anglo-Saxon. q6-. Ordained as evangelist, Clinton. Jan. 22. Acting pastor. Congregational church, Onskany Falls. Q7-. A Superintendent of Sunday- school. Stone Presbyterian church. Clinton. Q6-7. Commissioner. Synod of New York. '96. * Paper. " A Protestant of the second Graduate members 19 century," before the Utica ministers' association, Dec. 28, '96 ; " Theological study in Germany," before the Kappa Nu society, Utica, Nov. 1, '97. u : Business manager, * Credit group. A. B. & Student. School of law, Columbia university, and clerk in law office ot Logan & Deming. New York. qo-i. Assistant cashier of the Niagara Fire Insurance company, New York. ^2-4. In charge of insurance department of the Jarvis. Conklin Mortgage Trust company. t^j-fr. Accountant for law firm of Curtis. Mallet-Prevost. & Colt : Amenia Mining company : Landon Iron com- pany : Landon Furnace company. New York. '96-7. President. Landon Furnace company, and Treasurer. American Optical company. 07- . Office. ;o Broad street. New York. A m. Rosalie Spang Henry, Brooklyn. June 30. qi. Children. Katharine Day, b. Brooklyn. June 17. Q2 : Lloyd, b. Brooklyn. Oct. *i, 04. A Brother. Ferdinand A. Kittinger. en. i ILLIAM ULRIC KREUTZER was born at Lyons, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1868. Prepared for college at Lyons union school, * Psi Upsilon. Theta Nu Epsilon. <* Junior director, College baseball association. "88-q. * Contributor, various William U. Krcuuer, artic,es in W Hamiltonian ; 'Col- Lawyer, lege items,'* Clinton Courier, '88-90. Lyons, N. Y. a A. B. * Student of law, office R«&, 104 William St of Camp & Dun well. Lyons, '90-3. Admitted to the bar. Rochester. March 30. qj : Graduate members 21 Treasurer of the March, '93 law class. Attorney and counselor at law, Lyons, '93-. '88-90. Right field, College baseball Insurance Broker, club, '88-90. President, College New York, N. Y. athletic association, '89-90. Senior Office, 100 William St. delegate, New York State intercollegiate athletic association (business meeting), Syracuse, March, '90. Leader, Freshman glee club. Second bass, College glee club, '86-90. First bass, College choir, '87-8 ; second bass. '88-90. Vice-pres- ident, Democratic tariff-reform club, '88. <* Sophomore delegate, Delta Kappa Epsilon con- vention, Chicago, 111., Oct., '87. <* First Mc Kinney prize in declamation, Sophomore year. & Sophomore response, '88 Campus- day. & Contributor, " The college poetry of Longfellow and Holmes," Hamilton Literary Monthly, 22:157-8 (Jan., '88). A A. B. A 22 Glass of wo Teacher of English, St. John's military school. Manlius. N. Y., '90-1 : English language and literature. Michigan military academy. Orchard Lake. Mich., gi-4. Teacher of vocal culture. Walton, N. Y.. q; (summer). Junior member, firm of S. S. Doolittle & Co.. general insurance. Deposit. '04-6. With Pate & Robb. insurance brokers, 100 William street. New York. '96-. Home address. 107 James place. Brooklyn. A m. Edith Wood Brooks, Brooklyn. Dec 27. '93. Child. William Leslie, b. Deposit. Nov. 17 IB ILL1AM RANSFORD LOOMIS was born at Norwich. N. Y.. Feb. 14. 1870. Prepared for college at Nor- wich union school. A Hmerson Literary Society. A Second prize. F. L S. Sophomore debate. Junior appointment. Mc- William R. Loomis, Kinney prize contest in declamation. Lawyer, A Member. Board of editors. Ham- Norwich, N. Y. //ton Literary Monthly, '88-9 ; Local editor, 89-90. A A. B. A Student, School of law. Columbia university. New York. 90-5 ; LL. B. Admitted to the bar, Utiea. Sept. 2;. '93. Law clerk, firm of Morse, Livermore, & Griffin, 10 Wall St.. New York "03-4. Attorney at law. Norwich. '9^-. Senior member. Law firm of Loomis & Follett ( Henry R. ), '9S-8. A Secretary, Chenango county Democratic committee. '96-8. Nominated on the Demo- Graduate members 23 cratic ticket for special county judge of Chenango county, '96. fo<% OSCOE BELDEN MARTINDALE was iIIaT l3oin at Her ^ imer ' n. Y -' ^ ec - n ' IW^k 1864. Prepared for college at Clinton ^r ▼^ liberal institute, Fort Plain. A Emerson Literary Society. .. u_i - ^. Superintendent of grades. LeRoy. N. Y.. \r->-b. Student. School of pedag w York universitv. New York. V Principal, and teacher of Latin. Newtown (name changed to Elmhurst in qS) union school. Elm- hurst. Borough of Queens. New York. 'q--. * m. Abagail Diademia Maben, Utica, May =.. 89. who died at Utica, Nov. 24. '89. m. Henne E Free. Marlboro. A _ 2 SAMUEL DUNCAN MILLER was born at Fort Wayne. Ind.. Sept. 2^. 1869. Prepared for college at the Indianapolis sical school for boys. & Chi Psi. * Freshman director. Tennis association. '86-7. Manager, Class baseball club. '86-90. Samuel D. Milkr, Catcher. Coll _ .ball club. '8s Lawyer, Senior director. "89-90. Senior New York, N. Y. director. Football club. '90. First Office, 32 Nassau St. bass. College glee clul College choir. "8q-qo. President. Banjo and guitar club. bS-q : Leader. '89-90. Vice-president. Dramatic club. '88-q. President. Bicvc. Graduate members 25 ation, '89-90. Junior vice-president, College Republican club, '88-9. <* Second McKinney prize in declamation, Sophomore year. Appointment, "The military career of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, " Clark prize contest in original oratory. &. Contributor, "Oppor- tunity, " Hamilton Literary OAonthly, 24 : 220-1 (Feb., '90) ; "The military career of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, " lb., 25:255-9 (Mar., '91). Member, Board of editors, 'go Hamiltonian. . Instructor in mathematics, Summer school, Northwestern university, '93, 94. Student. Chicago college of law, *92-s ; LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Illinois. Chicago, June 2. 9s. Student of law in the office of Charles B. Graduate members 27 Wheeler, and at Buffalo law school, Buffalo, N. Y., '95-6. Admitted to the bar of New York, Buffalo, July 29, '96. Attorney and counselor at law, Buffalo, '96-. Special lecturer, Buffalo law school, '97-. A Brothers, James A. Minor, '94 ; Ralph S. Minor, '98. aLFRED AUSTIN MOORE was born at Wampsville, N. Y., May 1, 1867. Prepared for college under Frank S. Williams, Clinton. ^ Sigma Phi. Theta Nu Epsilon. <* Sophomore director, Tennis association, '87-8. President, A1 , , A ,- u , r • „ ■ 1 Alfred A. Moore, New York State intercollegiate base- instructor, ball association, '89-90. President Cornell University, pro tern., New York State intercol- Ithaca, N. Y. legiate athletic association (business meeting), Syracuse, Jan., '90; Tennis referee, (field meeting), May, '90. Manager, College glee, banjo, and guitar clubs, '89-90. Second bass, College choir, '90. ^ Second Underwood prize in chemistry. A Chairman, Senior ball committee. 9°. * Second Southworth Instructor, prize in physics. First Munson prize Cornell University, in French. ^ Historian, Class-day. Ithaca, N. Y. A Honor oration. Phi Beta Kappa. A. B. AUL THEODOROFF was born at Garvanovo, Bulgaria, June 25, 1861. Prepared for college at State normal school, Fredonia, N. Y. A Emerson Literary Society. '9*- Regular contributor, Clergyman and Editor, Svoboda, Bulgaria, '87-93. * Stu ~ Roustchuk, Bulgaria, dent, McCormick theological semi- nary, Chicago, '90-3. Ordained, Chicago, May 9, '93. Pastor, Congregational church, Graduate members 43 Haskovo, Bulgaria, '93-6 ; M. E. church, Shumla, '96-7. Director of the mission students' home, and Assistant pastor of the M. E. church, Roustchuk, '97-. Editor-in-chief, Christian World, '97- (v. 6-). <* Secretary, Bulgarian exhibit, World's Fair, Chicago, '93. 88 Hamiltonian. Sept. 11. Baseball game, sophomores vs. freshmen. 15 to 3. The well has its attractions. Sept. 17. Freshmen serenade library ; and later Houghton and Cottage. Three times around but no response. Sept. 2}. Y. M. C. A. reception for the freshman class at prexy's. Rowing declared off for the evening. 60 Class of wo Oct. Class officers elected. 0£t. ii. A portion of the class matriculated Freshman Year. in the august presence of Dr. Darling J886. at the faculty room. Oct. 15. "Class prayer-meeting in evening in Prof. Hoyt's room. About twenty-three out. " Oct. 16. Class nine plays at Syracuse. Beaten. 061. 22. "Professor Hoyt sick, and Hopkins gone to Synod. " Diary. Oct.. Class motto announced by Dr. North prior to recitation in Greek Testament. Much enthusiasm. "A series of ball games for the silver ball is now being played. The following games have already taken place : .... Juniors vs. fresh- men, 14 to 26. " oa. Lit. "There is food for thought in the fact that more than half of the forty-four members of the class of '90 received important instruction in their preparatory studies from Hamilton graduates. " oa. Lit., p. 74. "A freshman reading a pathetic description of Cassius' death — ' He ran his body with full force through his sword.' " Lit. Nov. 27. Thanksgiving -day. Big fall of snow. ' Mac ' gets a cake from Hudson. Dec. Prexy invites the freshmen in squads of convenient size to take tea at his home. Jan. 9. Bible class meets in Rogers' room. Jan. 10. Rev. Dr. N. W. Goertner, pastor emeritus of the college church, died in Clinton. Documentary Ristory 6\ Jan. 20. Written review in algebra. Average of the class, 61.5. Feb. 1. Scheme on foot by the college to raise $20,000 for a new gymnasium. Freshman Year, Class meeting held and $210 sub- J587. scribed by '90 for the project. Feb. 19. Holiday. Y. M. C. A. State con- vention in Utica. Burton, Evans, Rodgers, and Wallace of '90 attend with others from the college as delegates. "Freshman translating Livy — 'And when the legates returned they found the citizens standing on end — ' The freshman must have been thinking of the rowing season." Lit. Mar. Professor F. M. Burdick is elected by the executive committee of Cornell university to the new law faculty of that institution. Mar. 3. "Fresh, attempt to 'turn winter into summer ' ; decorate the district schoolhouse, and are given a night's lodging. >88 Hamiltoman. Mar. 5. " Snowball row. Sophs, victorious; fresh, the same." >88 Hamiltonian. " Recently quite a little class spirit has been developed by a few friendly contests between '89 and '90. The freshmen did the sophomores up in a snowball row ; then the sophomores stood the freshmen on their heads. The freshmen gave the sophomores a little free advertising on the walls of the old schoolhouse, and then the sophomores got out a good poster on the freshmen. ..." Mar. Lit. e>2 Class of \$w " The sophomores and freshmen are making elaborate decoration displays on the old school building on College street, while the owner Freshman Year. quietly pockets their money and 1887. smiles. " Courier, War. o. Mar. 17. Class meeting. Decide not to have an ' algebra show. ' Mar. 24, Professor Root explains the marking system at 4 p. m. "It is rumored that the freshmen are not going to have an ' algebra show ' this year. We sincerely hope that the rumor is false and that the freshmen will follow the worthy prec- edent set them by other classes. We hope that this freshman class is not going to disgrace itself in the eyes of the college by neglecting one of the few college customs that are left. Whatever reason may be assigned it will certainly smack of cowardice or at least of fear that the soph- omores may 'do them up.' If they do omit the show, we would suggest to the sophomores that it would be well to burn in effigy the class that shirks its plain duty. " Mar. Lit. Mar. 26. "Much excitement stirred up in college by the upper-classmen forbidding the freshmen to carry canes. " Class meets and decides to withdraw its support from all student organizations. In the evening the soph- omores shadow Ibbotson and Miller about Utica thinking they are after posters. The whole sophomore class meets them at the station and Documentary history 63 without the aid of a warrant institutes a search. Mar. 27. Sophomores circulate their posters. " Excitement increases. " Freshman Year. Mar. 28. Class meeting. Resolu- 1887. tions of the twenty-sixth rescinded. " . . . . The whole undergraduate population is now in a highly excited state over the refusal of the freshman class to give the traditional 'algebra show.' .... The action of the class of '90 is that no pontifex maximus and his solemn train of torchlight attendants will carry the coffined algebra to the classic pyre. The upper-classmen have given the ardent sopho- mores fuli permission to hereafter seize and confiscate the cane of any freshman during the Spring term. ..." Courier, Mar. 30. 11 . . . There has been lately developed an entirely new system of college discipline. The freshmen have assumed the authority which formerly belonged to the upper classes and have endeavored to decide what is right and what is wrong in college government. This is some- thing before unheard of. Let us see whether there be a cause for this or not. The freshmen were evidently afraid to row, and having no class spirit, consequently decided not to have an 'algebra show.' They were bound by a long- established college custom to have the 'show.' After it became known that there was not to be a 'show,' a college meeting was called and it was there decided that if the freshmen carried 64 glass of wo canes during the spring term the sophomores should be allowed to 'snake' them, and also the Freshman Yean freshmen were censured for failing J887- to have a 'show.' There is nothing whatever unfair about this. But the freshmen called a class meeting and decided that the censure was unjust and retaliated by with- drawing 'from all college organizations.' What they really wanted to ' kick ' against was the decision in regard to the canes ; but they were ashamed to do this, so they claimed that the censure was what they did not like. Do you think that they would ever have thought about the censure being unjust if they had been allowed perfect freedom in carrying their canes? No! Not for a moment. In a matter like this, upper-classman authority should be recognized by freshmen as final. Their authority comes not merely from the facl that they are upper-classmen, but because they have had experience, and have been trained as freshmen. They are better acquainted with college life and know what is becoming a fresh- man better than the freshmen themselves do. When '83 and '84 were upper-classmen, the freshmen would no more have dared to make such a resolution, than they would have dared to take senior seats in chapel. Freshmen then were made to know their places, and freshmen now should be instructed in the same way. The class of '90 was not imposed upon. They Documentary ijistory ^ were ' squatted on ' because they had not done their duty. But there are some who say that the upper- classmen entirely overstepped their Freshman Year. bounds in making such a decision. 1887. They say that such things are for the faculty to decide. We would directly contradict those who affirm this, and say that the faculty has no business whatever to decide such questions of college discipline. Upper-classman author- ity is recognized in every college that is worthy of the name. When you see a college where the freshmen assume to be on a level with each and every other class, every- one without a second thought sets it down as a rather 'snide' institution. Upper-classman authority is what makes a college a college, and distinguishes it from a 'prep' school. The training that a man receives in college because of this system of discipline is almost as invaluable to him as the literary knowledge he acquires. It is this which makes him to be a man, and not a boy all his life. College life takes the boy out of the man and gives him manly dignity. But if you destroy class distinctions you rob the college student of one of the most essential parts of a college education. It is hard for a freshman to see it in that light, we admit, but when he has passed through the year he will never regret it. The freshmen have, however, become e>6 Class of wo thoroughly ashamed of their action, and have rescinded their resolution.'' Editorial on "The freshmen." Apr. Lit., pp. 297-8 Freshman Year. "'I have been greatly surprised 1887. at the course taken by a part of the press in Oneida county in reference to the quarrel between the present freshmen and the upper-classes in Hamilton college. . . The cus- tom of burning and burying books belongs to the medievalism of college history. . . . Now when a class has manly courage and character enough to vote down a bad custom it deserves full appreciation. The step taken is simply right. It is manly and precisely what might be expected of the class that has taken it. . . The class of 'oo has acted with excellent good sense and manly decision. E. P. P. in Courier, Apr. o. Mar. jo. Class canes reach Clinton. Safely stored at Root's. May 1. "The sophs broke some freshmen's canes. We hope the fresh will retaliate in some way. " May Lit. May 10. Kinder-Symphony concert in aid of college baseball. June 7. Class banquet at the Butterfield house. Utica. June . Many of the college men decide to improve their memory under the help of Professor Loisette. "Professor Chester has verv kindlv volun- Documentary fiistery 6 7 teered to have tennis-courts built at his ex- pense, and the two splendid courts in front of the cabinet speak volumes for his generosity." May Lit. Freshman Year, " . . . As can be seen by our coat 1887. of arms, we are nearly at the top of freshman year. Upper -classmen reverence us for our loyalty; under- classmen look upon us with envious eyes. We are heroes ; without egotism v/e have all the qualities of an ideal freshman class." " Freshman editorial" (by a junior), '88 Hamiltonian. June 25. Examinations close. Prize speaking in the evening. Until 2 a. m. the chapel bell and a bonfire announce to the college and to the world that the members of '90 have become sophomores. The post-office and other accou- trements of old Middle go up in smoke. The privilege is purchased for $1.50 each, payable on the term bills. 68 Class of wo ^#*ALL TERM opens, September 8, 1887. A| " At the athletic contest at the opening of the term, '91 won five out of six 4^W* events. The sophomores made only the 100-yard dash. The contests were charac- terized by good nature throughout. " Sophomore Year. Courier, Sept. 14. 1887. Sept. 7. The faculty adopts a reso- lution requiring each member of the under- classes to write term essays. Sept. 14. "The sopho-fresh ball game oc- cured with its usual interest. The result was in favor of the sophs by a score of 10 to 2. After the game the sophs moved to adjourn to the well with whatever of the freshman class could be con- veniently carried along." oa. %eview. Sept. 16. Faculty changes date of Clark-prize contest from commencement week to the Wed- nesday evening following the last senior examin- ations. Also adopts the following resolutions: 11 The first integral third of each graduating class, with the Pruyn, Head, and Kirkland ora- tors shall be the commencement speakers. Each class shall be divided into the following groups, viz : high honor, honor, credit, and graduation. " Department honors are also instituted. Faculty T(ecords. Sept. 16. Freshmen visit Houghton and Cot- tage. Sophomores go along. Several hats lost. Sept. 17. Sophomores have a walk-around. Documentary fiistory 69 Greeted by Lampson, '88, in South. " The annual contest for the silver ball began on Sept. 21. . . . Up to the present Sophomore Year. the games stand: ... '89 vs. '90 — J887. O tO l8. " Oct. Review. " The ball game between '90 and '91 re- sulted in a score of 9 to 8 in favor of '90." Dec. Review. Sept. 2}. The system of arranging standing by groups, and giving department honors was announced by the faculty. '* Prof. Brandt enjoys a good thing. He told some of the sophs who were laughing at a ludi- crous German pronunciation in class that it wouldn't be so funny by and by. " oa Lit. Oct. is. Special train to Hamilton. Ball game between Madison university and Hamilton col- lege. 12 to 12. Nov. 23. Snowball contest between soph- omores and freshmen after noon rhetorical. Dec. 13. The class presents Professor Bristol with a large art book. Presentation speech by Geer. " For the first time in the history of the col- lege all the members of the sophomore class were in attendance at college exercises during fall term." Jan. ('88) Lit. Jan. 29, 1888. College invaded by measles. "Theta Delta Chi's and Delta U's have moved into their respective houses. Dekes will follow suit this spring." Feb. Lit. 70 Class of wo Mar. 17. "• Row between the under-classmen. Freshmen completely victorious. Phillips breaks his leg." '89 Hamil Ionian. Mar. 27. " Freshmen burn their algebra like Sophomore Year. men. Sophomores stay away from the J888. show through cowardice or shame."' '89 Hamiltouian. •"The 'algebra show 5 (by class of 91) came off March 27. It was a rather slim affair. " Apr. Lit. Apr. 21. Funeral of Roscoe Conklin. in Utica. "A large number of sophomores have elected calculus ." May Review. ■•Through the kindness and liberality of Prof. Chester, a grand stand is being erected on the ball grounds. " May Review. May 21. Field-day. "All agreed in pronounc- ing it to be the best field-day that Hamilton has seen in many a year. " June Review. May 2}. A number of college students partici- pate in a Dickens representation at Houghton seminary. May 25. Intercollegiate field-day at Rochester. Hamilton takes third place. May. Tree-day changed to campus-day by vote of '88 ; which class also decides to abolish the custom of erecting class stones about the campus and to build a one-fifth-mile track on the athletic field. See May Review, p. 108. Professor G. P. Bristol elected to the fac- ulty of Cornell university. Documentary history 7 1 ''We have thought it advisable to make quite a radical change in the structure of the Lit board, which, we hope, will be for the best interests not only of the board but like- wise of the college. Instead of Sophomore Year. there being eight editors appointed 1888. from the senior class as heretofore, there will be four seniors appointed with four juniors, which together will constitute the board for the coming year. After this next year only four juniors are to be appointed at the begin- ning of each succeeding year, while the four previously appointed juniors become the senior editors for the year- — thus each editor will hold office for two years. . . We hope that the above plan will meet the approval of all concerned and that it will prove beneficial in its adoption, with financial success to the Lit and material advancement to the literary standard of our college publication." Editorial on " The Lit.'s change," May Lit. May 31. The Lit supper is attended by '88 and the newly-eleded editors from '89 and 90. Gray responds to the toast : " The alumniana — its editor, Dr. North." June 1. The faculty adopts a resolution where- by paper for written examinations is to be furnished by the college. " . . . Our deeds of valor have only been equaled by the active part we have taken in college life in general. In all organizations we 72 Class of wo are strongly represented. . . . We have the honor of being the largest class in college. Since entering our numbers have not only not decreased but have materially increased : so that today we are an unbroken, compact body, bound together by ties of good-fellowship and love of 90. Our attendance upon work has been regular, and we have won much merit as a class of superior talents and general ex- cellence. Thus in our history we have been foremost in grasping the joys of college life, but in our pleasures we have not overlooked the real purpose and aim of a college education. With such a past who can foretell our future?" "Sophomore editorial," '89 Hamiltonian. June 21, 1888. Commencement day. Documentary fiistory 73 SEPTEMBER 13, 1888. Fall term opens. The new men on the faculty are Rev. A. H. Evans as assistant professor of Greek ; and Clinton Scollard as assistant professor of rhetoric and elocution. Sept. 22. First game for the silver ball between '90 and '92. Result, 1 1 to Junior Year. 6 in favor of '90. 1888. Sept. 25. ''Political agitation begins. Cam- paign clubs formed among the students." 'go Hamiltoniau. Sept. 27. "Republican mass-meeting held in Utica was well represented by Hamilton College." Oct. Review. Oct. 2. Holiday for a class ride. Eight men take the train for Utica. Oct. 11. Fall field-day. "The weather was pleasant and the events were closely con- tested." Oct. Review. Oct. 20. "Junior severely assaulted in Utica while taking part in a Republican parade." '90 Hamiltoniau. Nov. 10. "The Republicans of the town of Kirkland held a grand jubilee in Scollard's opera house, Saturday. A collation was served, and Professor Root acted as toast-master. As a result of the election of Harrison, Stevens will give Seavey a wheelbarrow ride around the campus." Nov. ut. Nov. 16. Junior promenade at Scollard's opera house. Patronesses, Mrs. Brandt, 74 Class of wo Mrs. Chester, Mrs. Root, and Mrs. Hoyt. "In the years immediately following the abolishment of 'Junior Ex.' the junior class Junior Year. annually gave a promenade in its 1858. stead. Owing to a general lack of financial support the custom was soon discontinued, and thereby what should be one of the most important and pleasurable events of the college year was abandoned. It was with the purpose of renewing this custom that the present junior class, after careful consideration of the matter, decided to give a junior promenade. . . . We heartily praise the efforts of the juniors to reestablish a long-lost custom and hope that the junior promenade of this year will establish a precedent which will be followed by future classes It is a movement entirely commendable, and we hope that this effort on the part of the juniors to throw some variety and spirit into life at Hamilton will meet with unbounded success. " Editorial on ''Junior promenade," Nov. Lit., p. 127. "What a scene was this that opened up before my vision ! A brilliantly-lighted ball- room, redolent with the perfume of flowers, and decorated with exquisite taste, welcomed the dancers. Under the gay festooning of orange and white, youth and beauty glided along the promenade or threaded the mazes of the dance, watched over by the benignly Documentary history 75 smiling Cupid and Terpsichore. " " Junior promenade," '90 Hamiltonian. ''The junior ball was a decidedly pleasant and successful inauguration of a Junior Year. custom which those who enjoyed J888. hope may be continually kept up. Socially it was the event of the season, and went far towards breaking up the monotony of college routine. The hall was festooned with the class colors. Koehl & Perkins' orchestra furnished the music, and an excellent collation was served by Caterer White of Clinton." Dec. Lit. "In looking over the records of the term about to close we find that four important items characterized the opening of the year, namely: the addition of Professor Evans and Professor Scollard to the faculty ; the initiation of a large freshman class to the discipline and culture of college life ; the beginning of the erection of a large and handsome Y. M. C. A. building upon the campus ; and a provision for the improve- ment, the reimbursement, and the proper care of the library. All of these caused no small interest and enthusiasm to the students. As we then saw the evidences of greater prosperity to the college under the new additions, so we now see our hopes for its advancement more than fully realized and the college making vast strides toward the front. . . . Soon, the juniors mani- fested a desire to reestablish the precedent of giving a junior promenade, and though it per- -6 Class of wo tained but indirectly to the other classes in college, yet all manifested an interest in the affair, and the junior promenade came off with the hearty support of the college and with Junior Year. gratifying compliments to the juniors • 1888. on its success.*' Editorial on "A review of the term." Dec. Lit., p. 101. 4i . . . The 'barbarous' customs of the past are fast dying out at Hamilton. . . . Hamilton college has rarely been able to rely wholly upon its athletic spirit for vigorous, energetic college life. But we have had the dormitory system to fall back upon. From present indications, however, even this good old tradition will soon be abandoned. The chapter-house system has almost entirely superceded the old method. The old dormitories are almost deserted, and. at night, instead of being brightly lighted up. they present a dismal and forsaken appear- ance. ..." Editorial on " College life." Dec. Lit., p. 162. " While debating in the class-room, Mr. S — . who was unusually witty, propounded the following question : ' If you take an old shoe and patch it. and patch it again and again, what have vou left?" A voice in the audience whispered, 'patches.' A subdued smile then made its appearance." Lit. Jan. 21. 1889. " Remarkable lecture before the juniors on evolution. Class displays much emotion. So does the professor." 'go Hamiltouian. Documentary fjistory 77 Jan. Noon prayer-meetings diminished in number from four to two each week. Jan. 30. "The day of prayer [whist] for col- leges was observed Wednesday." Junior Year, Feb. Review. 1889. Feb. 22. "Progressive tete-a-tete at Houghton. Students progress." ' 9 o Hamiltonian. " The concert given in Scollard's opera house on Saturday evening was the best that has in years, if ever before, been given by the college students. The program was evenly balanced, there being a pleasing proportion of each class of music. The appreciation of the audience was shown by the encore which was invariably insisted upon. The glee club quartet has for its manager, R. J. Hughes, who also sings first tenor. The others are : second tenor, Smyth ; first bass, Stevens ; second bass, Lewis. All the members are of the junior class." Mar. Lit. Mar. 27. '9o's Hamiltonian goes to press. " Mr. H. A. Vance, '88, has entered upon his duties as instructor of the junior class in law. He still retains his position as assistant librarian of the college." April Lit. "Among the choicest of souvenirs treasured during this college year is 9o's Hamiltonian. Its prominent features are a whole page engrav- ing of Dr. Albert H. Chester, together with a short sketch of his life ; ' Rosalie in the dell,' a poem by Clinton Scollard ; cuts of the seven chapter houses ; ' Scollard's serenade, ' as 78 glass of wo rendered by the glee club ; full page engravings of the ball nine and of the Hamilton iaii board. Its ' Bric-a-brac ' is harmless. Those who edit •Junior Year. compiled publications seldom have J889. occasion to editorially ' write the magic We of such enormous might.' The contributions are of high character, the typog- raphy faultless, the binding and general appear- ance attractive." Apr. Lit., p. 120. Apr. 26. The Peters - Borst trial summed up in Utica. "It was mentioned in a previous number of the Lit. that a beautiful Y. M. C. A. building was being erected on our campus. After several months of continued labor the structure is now completed, and is, at present, the center of attraction on College hill. . . . The building, with the expenses of furnishing, has cost $25,000. We greatly appreciate the gift be- stowed upon us by Mr. Silliman, who has so liberally contributed to our welfare." Apr. Lit., p. 330. May 2. Silliman hall dedicated. May 15. Concert in the Music hall of the Buttertield house in Utica by the banjo, guitar, and glee clubs. May 16. " A red-letter day in the college calendar. Perfect weather, an unusually large attendance, numerous entries, spirited contests and exceptional records, all combined to make the spring meeting of the athletic association the Documentary fiistory 79 best ever held, in the memory of those now in college. The enthusiasm was great and the winners were greeted by the cheers of class- mates and favored with the smiles of Junior Year. the fair delegations from the semi- 1889. naries, Utica, and vicinity. The sports were held on the ball grounds. The grand stand was filled, while the spectators in carriages were able to survey the whole field and see all the contests without continually driving around, a necessary evil when the sports were conducted on the campus. . . . The merchants of Utica and Clinton were interested in the sports and most of the first prizes were donated by them. The records of the day proved that, with efficient management, judicious train- ing, and faithful work, Hamilton could take a high place in the intercollegiate athletic asso- ciation. Too much credit can not be given to the management of the association and to our trainer, W. A. Elkes, of Saratoga Springs." May Lit. May 24. Intercollegiate field-day at Albany. Hamilton represented by sixteen men. "A special car was chartered and a large number of students accompanied the athletes. The day was of great interest to Hamilton men as, in the morning, the nine defeated Union 7 to 3, and in the evening the banjo, guitar, and glee clubs gave an excellent concert, and Hamilton won THE PENNANT! ! " May Lit. 80 glass of w* " It was a jolly crowd of fellows, which, at eleven o'clock on Saturday morning, left Albany in their pink-bedecked car. And what Junior Year. a reception we received as we J889. stepped off the train at Clinton ! At first arose the familiar yell from sixty voices which had not yet wasted their strength ; then there sounded upon our ears the boom of can- non ; then there was a general hand-shaking match, in which every student felt himself a brother to every other one. Soon a procession of one hundred and ten students was formed, headed by the Clinton drum corps. Amidst the blowing of fish-horns and whistles, the ringing of bells, and the booming of cannon, the line started. Everywhere were decorations of pink, showing the live interest which the people of the village take in the success of Hamilton. The procession marched through all the prin- cipal streets of the village, making them ring with enthusiastic cheers as each decoration was passed. At both Cottage and Houghton sem- inaries there was a hearty reception, the 'fair ones' manifesting scarcely less enthusiasm than the victors themselves. A thirty-years' resident of the village, and one who has ever taken an interest in the affairs of students, says, that, in his history, nothing of college interest has occurred which has created so much enthusiasm as Hamilton's victory at Albany. He was right, for this is the first time Documentary fiistory 8i that the champion's cup has found its abode within Hamilton's walls. May this year's success be a precursor of a long line of victories, that we may maintain the reputation Junior Year, in athletics which we haye recently H&9. gained." June Lit., p. 23. "The junior class recently had the pleas- ure and profit of listening to the Hon. J. D. Henderson, of the Herkimer county bar, who delivered before the class, in connection with the study of ' Pomeroy ', a lecture on codifi- cation. ..." June Lit. June 6. Lit. supper at the Butterfield house in Utica. Smyth toasts, "The shears vs. the pen." "Burton and Groat are the new monitors." " The college raised $80 by subscription for the benefit of the Johnstown sufferers." Lit. June 22. Prizes announced. " Having passed through the woes of fresh- man infancy and the care and toil of sophomoric youth, we have reached the prime of our college life. Our past history affords us occa- sion for congratulation ; our present existence allows us to profit by the old song : ' Care, to our coffin, adds a nail, no doubt, But every grin, so merry, draws one out.' ... A history of 'ninety would fill a quarto. From our record in baseball to the inception of the junior promenade, the record is full to overflowing. In number we are forty, and 82 Class of \m we hope, sometime, to be known as the FORTY IMMORTALS ; yet there may be some doubt on this point. . . . Forsitan, hnic oli'm juvat meminisse. The class of '90, in Hamilton, will be able to remember of no better work done, of no more joy and happiness experienced, of no less care and sorrow felt, than that of its junior year. " Junior editorial. " '90 Hamiltonian. June 27. 1889. Commencement day. Documentary fiistory 83 *ff* HURSDAY, Sept. 19, 1889. Fall term /I . opens. B mfg Sept. 26, New system of excuses ^^L^ and allowed absences as adopted by the faculty goes into effect. " The old fossilized system has been buried forever, and Senior Year, a new, vital one takes its place. . . . * 889 * The resolutions adopted by the faculty provide that one-tenth of all recitations and exercises may be 'cut' without excuse. All absences in excess are to be treated in a very rigorous manner, and none excused but for a protracted illness or other like sufficient reason. ..." Od. Lit., pp. 61-2. " Since the professorship of law was left vacant in 1887 by the departure of Professor Burdick, it has been the unpleasant task of the Lit. to remind the trustees that the vacancy was an injury to the students and to the reputation of the college. We now take great pleasure in offering to the board the congratulations of the Lit. and the students in general in the happy choice made in the selection of Professor Terrett. . . . The election of an assistant to the pro- fessor of Greek was made necessary by the departure of Professor Evans to fill the pulpit of the Presbyterian church at Lockport. The fitness of Prof. Fitch for this position is evident to any who are acquainted with his record during his college course." Oct. Lit. "The seniors in German meet semi-monthly 84 gl|T 5OAY ^| Stone Church, ?:z* ----- Orator, Pr-zrhe: Per.~i-.e-: >e::e„Lrv F'rse- *-:::- ": :::: h L'CESE L. CONKLDL Clayton" H. Sharp. "'■__-. '■'. ?'- __ -f - E - - 5 E E ~ _ _ r _ r ; - _ - -_- - " E - I - (D Class Schemes 105 HIRTY-SIXTH CLARK PRIZE EXHIBITION IN ORATORY. Stone Church, Clinton, N. Y. June 4, 1890. Prayer. Music. The Touchstone of ii;e. Delos DeVV. Smyth. Mention, Robert J. Hughes. Committees of Award. Prof. Francis M. Burdick, Prof. Henry S. Williams, Prof. Brainard G. Smith ; Albert C. Phillips. Charles L. Stone. Edward C. Wright. Mc Kinney Prizes in Declamation. /. , Calvin L, Lewis. 2. Samuel D. Miller. Committee of Award. Rev. L. A. Ostrander. Rev. George W. Knox. Rev, William D. Maxon. Prizes 1 1 5 a WARDS IN 1888-9. Tompkins Mathematical Prizes, /. George H. Minor. 2. Marco N. Popoff. Committee of Award, Dr. C. H. F. Peters, Prof. Anthony H. Evans. Southworth Prizes in Physics, /. Robert J. Hughes. 2. Clayton H. Sharp. Committee of Award, Dr. C. H. F. Peters, Prof. A. H. Chester. Curran Medals in Greek and Latin, Gold (Medal, James Burton. Silver Medal, Lincoln A. Groat. Committee of Award, Rev. Dr. James S. Riggs, Rev. C. C. Hemenway. Munson Prizes in French, /. Clayton H. Sharp. 2. Lincoln A. Groat. Committee of Award, Dr. C. H. F. Peters, Prof. H. C. G. Brandt. Hawley Classical Medals, William D. Crockett, Frank Gibbons, Edward N. Smith, Paul Theodoroff. Chauncey S. Truax Greek Scholarship, Edward N. Smith. Edward Huntington Mathematical Scholarship, George H. Minor. n6 glass Of !$90 Mc Kinney Prizes for English Essays. The Clytemnestra of /Eschylus and the Lady [Macbeth of Shakespeare, i. Delos DeW. Smyth. 2. Clarence J. Geer. 'The History and Upmance of the C\£ile, i. Walstein Root. 2. Joseph D. Ibsotson. jr. Committees oi Award. Rev. Dr. W. H. Maynard. Rev. Dr. N. L. Andrews. Prof. B. S. Terry : Edward Clrran. Francis G. Wood. Benjamin D. Gilbert. Mc Kinney Prizes in Declamation. /. Robert J. Hughes. 2. Eddy C. Covell. Rev. Dr. J. S. Riggs. Prof. B. S. Terry. Frederick M. Calder. Committee oi Award. a WARDS IN 1889-90. Thirty -sixth Clark Prize in Original Oratory, Victor Hugo. Toet and "Patriot,. Robert I. Hughes. Prizes 117 Twenty -eighth Pruyn Medal Oration, The ^{elation and IDuties of the Hand- toiler to the 'Brain-toiler, Edward L. Stevens. Twenty -seventh Head Prize Oration, Hamilton, Webster, Seward, Walstein Root. Eighteenth Kirkland Prize Oration, The EffecT of the 'Physical Features of Palestine on the Jews and Their Literature, Delos DeW. Smyth. Mc Kinney Prizes in the Twenty-third Extem- poraneous Debate, Should the State Teach Religion ? /. Delos DeW. Smyth. 2. Lincoln A. Groat. Committee of Award, Charles H. Searle, Hannibal Smith, Rodolphus C. Briggs. Eighteenth Kellogg Prize for Commencement Oration, The Fallen Idols of the South, James A. Seavey. Committee of Award, Dr. Selden H. Talcott, Rev. William Hutton, Charles L. Stone. us cia$$ of wo Prizes in Metaphysics, /. Edward N. Smith. 2. Marco N. Popoff. Committee of Award, Rev. Dr. W. H. Maynard, Rev. Dr. N. L. Andrews, Rev. Dr. S. Burnham. Underwood Prizes in Chemistry, /. Eddy C. Covell. 2. Alfred A. Moore. Munson Prizes in German, /. Frank Gibbons. 2. James Burton. Committee of Award, Prof. H. S. White. LIBRARY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ETBRflRV OT POETCTeflC $eT€ll£€ ^ffF^ HE CLASS GIFT at graduation was Qm^ $'5°; of which $100 was invested fl if as a library fund, and $50 used for the ^lx purchase of the following books : Adams. Public debts. Alexander. Railway practice. Allen. The tariff and its evils. Atkinson. Distribution of produds. Margin of profits. Bagehot. Postulates of English political economy. Baker. Monopolies and the people. Blair. Unwise laws. Blanqui. History of political economy in Europe. Bonham. Industrial liberty. Railway secrecy and trusts. Bourne. History of the surplus revenue of 1837. Bowker. Of work and wealth. Bruce. Plantation negro as a freeman. Cairnes. Political economy. Campell. Prisoners of poverty. Dabney. Public regulation of railways. Donnell. Outlines of a new science. 122 £ia$$ of i$$o Dos Passos. Inter- State commerce act. Dugdale. The Jukes. Elliott. American farms. Ely. French and German socialism m modern times. Labor movement in America. Political economy. Problems of today. Fiske. American political ideas. Ford. American citizen's manual. Foulke. Slav or Saxon. George. Progress and poverty. Social problems. Hitchcock. American State constitutions. Isham. Fishery question. Jones. Federal taxes and State expenses. Kelley. The old South and the new. Laughlin. Bimetalism in the United States. Lowell, Public relief and private charity. Llnt. Economic science. Marx. Capital. Mill. On liberty. Principles of political economy. Norman. Bodyke : a chapter m history of Irish landlordism. Rogers. Social economy. Roosevelt. Essays on practical politics, Schoenof. Destructive influence of the tariff. Industrial situation and wages question. Smith. Science of business. Sterne. Constitutional history of the U. S. Library 123 Sumner. What social classes owe to each other. Taussig. Tariff history of the United States. Walker. Wages question. Wells. Our merchant marine. Practical economics. Wilson. The state. In June, '91, with the interest of $5, was purchased : Taylor. Origin and growth of the English constitution. In Jan., '92, Ibbotson presented the following : George. Protection or free trade. Remuneration of capital and labor. Reply to J. S. Mill on Subjection of women. Smith. Hard times. Wilson. Reciprocity, bimetallism, and land- tenure reform. S. D. Miller gave $8.00 D. D. Smyth, 5.00 M. G. Dodge, 4.84 A. H. Rodgers, 2.56 $20.40, with which was purchased : Johns Hopkins studies in historical and po- litical science, vols. 1 - 7. In Dec, 92, with the interest of $5, and gift from Moore of $5, was purchased : Johns Hopkins studies in historical and po- litical science, vols. 8-10. Leclures before Brooklyn ethical association on sociology. 124 Class of we Ibbotson presented : Due de Brogue. The king's secret Howell. Conflicts of capital and Prosy n. Systems of land tenure in various countries. Simon. Government of Thiers. : With the interest of June, 'q 04. $10, was purchased : Johns Hopkins studies in historical and po litical science. Extra vols. 1 - ;. 6-13. With the interest of June, "9 purchased : Political science quarterly, vols. 9 With the interest of June, purchased : Devlin. Municipal reform in the United States. Johns Hopkins studies in historical and po- litical science, vol. 11. With the interest of June. 07. $5, was purchased : Political science quarterly, vols. 11. 12. 2 vois. [abor. vols. and June. 55, was 10. q6. $=;. was cuss* mi au POUT'CAL SCIENCE [ "{• : La — • :\-~. CLARK PRIZE ORATION i CCflRK PRTZ€ ORflCTOn VICTOR HUGO, POET AND PATRIOT. BY ROBERT JAMES HUGHES. •t*& IBERTY, equality, fraternity, " precious M L intertwining of poetry, patriotism, and fl p the human heart ! Never was this Mkg& noblest device more superbly person- ified than in the poet laureate of the French republic. Liberty was Vi&or Hugo's goal, equality his hope, fraternity his strength. Personal independence was the basis of his political creed. Freedom in art, in faith, in life, was his golden rule. To the eventful and extraordinary times in which he was born, grew up, and lived, the cast of Victor Hugo's genius owes much. For its praises worthily sung, its sorrows piously consoled, its errors deplored, and its spirit interpreted, the contemporary history of his country is deeply indebted to him, 128 Class of wo but to that history his debt is greater still. Never could other times than his have pro- duced that antithetic union in one master- minstrel which we behold in him — the action and the pause — the exultation at the clash of arms., the longings and cravings for repose; all the glories, all the woes, the hopes, the fears, the storms, and calms of those years of wonder — the youthhood of the nineteenth century. Victor Hugo was a most voluminous writer, and, like the great Goethe, his period of lit- erary production exceeded threescore years. " He was made to write, to receive and to transmit impressions, as a river is made to flow. " The unity which is not to be found in his acts or his works will be found in his iron will. Before its terrible onset the bronze-mailed knights of opinionated "Classi- cism " were unseated, and the smiling virgin "Romanticism"' proudlv emerged to greet her fearless wooer. As a poet, he stood in his subtlest and most fantastic moods, close to the real forms and colors of nature, grouping them to secure the most bizarre and grotesque effects and glowing contrasts. Much of his success was due to the fact that he found in these a complete expression for the highly general and abstract thought of our time, and dwelt with more fondness on the instinctive than dark Prize Oration 129 on the scientific side of poetry. His nature fiery, violent, yet profound, was lacking in "esprit," naive, and the sense of the ridiculous. Life was too serious, no pas- time for him. He loved to penetrate into the world of abysmal darkness surrouding him, to give terrible expression to the black and surging mass of vitality, misery, and crime, lurking in the backgrounds of sin-stained Paris. "He is not the great dramatic poet of the race and lineage of Shakespeare, " but an acknowledged master of lyric and satiric art. A devout philosopher, Hugo did not sac- rifice at the altar of positivism. His poems have more of the pantheistic cast. He places "the divine" everywhere; he sees it in nature's forces, in the wind, in the sea, in the stars ; it is in the little child, in the instincts of men, in the miseries of humanity as well as in its glories ; he sees it even in vice, in folly, in crime. He is a respecter of all that is created, of all that suffers and lives and dies. The nobleness of his life, the purity of his aims, the spontaneous and irresistible nature of his genius, his master- ful command of word and rhyme, his lyric supremacy, all combined to make him the true poet, the poet's poet. With all its defects, his verse will endure through the after-time as a living * force, because it is "broad-based upon the universal human heart. 130 CUSS Of \*W and so eternal." Victor Hugo, with Lamartine and Lamen- nais, formed the first and firmest basis of the Republican party in France. Hugo, who had contributed to the glory of the Napol- eonic story, in obedience to sentiments learned at his mother's breast, roughly converted in the swirling current of events, at last con- secrated himself as the defender of liberty and the republic, as the resolute antagonist of the imperial restoration. Never was despot- ism so chastised by poetry. The tyrants of Babylon and Nineveh, those idolatrous kings who raised their images upon altars conse- crated to the true God, were not more cursed by the ancient prophets than was the tyrant of France by the grandest and most manly genius which France in this age has pro- duced. From irony to invective, from the pungent epigram to the lyric ode. everything was employed with severe, implacable justice to pursue the assassin of the republic, tor- mented by those words of genius like the wandering Io frenzied by the pitiless gadfly. The dictator could hurl his praetorian legions upon liberty and democracy, but must finally be overwhelmed by the satire, the energy, the genius of Victor Hugo. These immortal verses formed the education of a class of young men taught to swear undying hatred to tyranny. Tacitus and Juvenal wrote glark Prize Oration 131 against the corruption of tyranny ; but they did not succeed like Victor Hugo in seeing their tyrants brought to the ground. Their generation was not as free as the present, nor were ideas as powerful then as now. The chords of the human heart responded to Hugo's touch as in the century before they had answered to the eloquence of Rous- seau. He filled with that vague inspiration which creates heroes and martyrs a whole generation, which at last took to its heart that sublime trilogy: "Liberty, democracy, and the republic ! " For the Latin people generally, Hugo, like Garibaldi, is a typical hero. He repre- sents fully their distrust of governing classes and their deep sense of universal right. To Hugo all Frenchmen point as proof that France has been the support of liberal and humanitarian views in the century of their birth 1 to them he is the sign, as Renan puts it, that liberalism is the national work of France. With the Napoleons in her past, not to speak of Guizots and Veuillots, this might have been doubted ; the reactions had been as potent and as long-lived as the progressive impulses. But with Hugo at the end of the century, as Rousseau and the revolution were at the beginning, liberalism is secure. With him the idea of modern France is completed. For this reason French- 132 £ta$s of i$to men of all ranks and opinions, even those, and they are many, who distrusted and dreaded his utterances while he lived, grate- fully accord him unprecedented national honors now that he is dead. That he could thus represent in his own life and work the place :f France among the nations, and in a manner consolidate it. is the better part of Hugo's greatness. His manly virtues, enrage, fortitude, candid speech, and uncompromising fidelity to a lofty idea — al! had their expression here : and for the sake of these. France will overlook some weaknesses, the necessary attendants of his gigantic virtues. Hugo's political work . -.died little or nothing to the doctrines already enunciated by : i e thinkers who had preceded him. Here no great original creation was possible, nor for such semi-philosophic work had he any talent His mission was to refresh and recast the principles of the great revolutionary thtnke s in a time when they were hackneyed and discredited, and to give them a setting in new and spiendid forms of art and eloquence. Since Rousseau, what word has been spoken in France for animate nature which will compare with the "Songs of the Streets and Woods"! After Yolney. what note so new in the revolutionary views of history as "The Legend of the Centuries"! After Voltaire. Clark Prize Oration 133 what name but Hugo ! His very death was a triumph for his cause. This " Demogorgon of radicals," this inveterate enemy of priests and kings, did not die in obscurity, or dis- grace, or defeat, but triumphant as a setting sun, awing every hostile voice to silence. Victor Hugo, poet and patriot of French democracy, with soul full of high independ- ence and patriotic love of liberty, hating slavish conformity to empty tradition, stands in the light of all the culture of the nine- teenth century the acknowledged sovereign of the muses, over all the lyric singers of that high-wrought land, "la belle France!" PRUYN MEDAL ORATION PRuvn meow oRjraon THE RELATION AND DUTIES OF THE BRAIN -TOILER TO THE HAND-TOILER. BY EDWARD LAWRENCE STEVENS. ^JfJ HE need and duty of labor is one ^I4k of the primary and universal laws A^ ■ of human life. All classes and ^^J,X conditions of men are holden to it. though its fulfillment is wrought out in many and varied vocations. The labor of the brain is not less onerous or imperative than the labor of the hand. Necessity enjoins the one ; duty urges the other. He who uses the garnered knowledge of the past and the fruits of his own thought for the advancement of his fellows is truly obeying Him who bade men love their neighbors as themselves. Mazzini says: "It is around the standard of duty rather than the standard of self-interest that men must 1 58 glass of wo rally to win the rights of man. *' As mankind progresses, the relation of the brain-toiler and the hand-toiler materially change. Education, culture, intelligence, were once the privileges of a class, while manual labor was the severe obligation imposed bv necessity upon the remainder of the human family. Thought was narrow in its appli- cation : research was selfishly speculative : the crying needs of humanity were ignored in the strife of the few to attain the mind's maximum. Industries, fast increasing in number and importance, were left to be carried on by main brute force. The com- mon pursuits of life were considered too ignoble to receive the attention of the aris- tocracy of knowledge. Yet there were men. •"heirs to that nobility resting upon merit.'" who found in the needs of industry and commerce a field for the labor of their minds. Labor-saving devices, health-saving discoveries, knowledge-spreading inventions have been powerful factors in advancing civilization and elevating labor to its present status. To these and to the wider sympathy that has grown among the various orders of society are. in a large measure, due those remarkable changes in the conditions of life among the working class which, by contrast with the past seem so great as to leave small opportunity Pruytt medal Oration 139 for further improvement. Yet history shows that to every race and generation belongs some special work. We can not say that this age is an exception. Industrial strife, division of labor to the very extremes of differentiation, threatening combinations of capital, the increase in the number and dis- tress of the unemployed ; these, today, pre- sent to the student and the statesman a problem whose solution is urgently demanded. There is a growing apprehension that knowledge and intelligence must be directed in such channels as to affeft more intimately the hand-toiler ; to increase his faculty of self-support and self-help, and to secure to him full compensation for his labor. It is beginning to be felt that work must be dire&ed by intelligence and by conscience, in order to attain the maximum in productive capacity, and so to insure the laborer's happiness and contentment and the security and prosperity of the community. The tendency to substitute mind for muscle in industrial operations is not without its significance, and the most pertinent social question that has arisen in years is: "How may education be rendered a more effedual aid. in all the vocations of life?" There is observed, as never before, the need for skilled labor in the direftion of our extensive industries. The apprentice system, 140 Class of ma itself incomplete and long in desuetude, has left a demand for workmen apt with tool and intelligent in method. It is a noteworthy characteristic of the drift of popular opinion that our system of general education is coming to be regarded as too much a prep- aration for a life of leisure. Today the various trades are beginning to ask for a share in training and instruction. As there have been schools of the so-called learned professions, so. in response to this demand, there are springing up in city and town, schools of science, schools of technology, industrial and trade schools. In the effort to obtain a high standard of general culture, some of the most promising possibilities of the educational system have been overlooked. In failing to teach the masses the use of the tools by which most of them earn their living, and by the absence in youth of proper training in industrial handicrafts and technical arts, there has been, without doubt, a defect in the system which tends to produce an increase of misery and crime, and a reenforcement to the ranks of the unemployed. What we have attained without this provision, now so urgently asked, should not inspire us with confidence for the future. In spite of the conservative murmur against utilitarianism in education, experience has Prtiytt medal Oration 141 shown that a purely scholastic training makes men averse to manual labor, although by far the larger number of . them are compelled ultimately to undertake it for their support. Capital has been oppressive because labor knew not how to effectively defend itself. Cooperation has been a failure because intel- ligence did not enter into daily toil and was beyond the reach of the toilers. Disease and death are abroad because homes are ill-kept and sanitary laws unwittingly violated. Drunkenness and vice prevail because of the ignorance of moral and physical law. This is the field which opens wide before the teacher, the humanitarian, the Christian minister. It is upon these brain-toilers that the burden and responsibility rest of so moulding and strengthening the character of the men and women of this and coming generations, that they shall neither succumb to hardship nor be enfeebled by prosperity. The teacher, be he at work in church or school, must take the wisdom of the scholar and apply it to the needs of a struggling and suffering humanity. The practical edu- cation of the laboring classes leads to the avoidance of waste in production and waste in living ; to the conservation of all those forces which, when rightly directed, tend toward the elevation of mankind and the i4^ glass of wo triumph of industrial liberty. From the condition of helplessness there is but one way of escape, and that lies through education. As Spencer says, "there is no other alchemy by which golden con- duel: can be gotten from leaden instincts." Organization of labor for the profitable direction of its own enterprises is possible only when the artisan shall be master of his art ; when the operative shall comprehend the complete management of his factory ; when all laboring classes shall understand not alone the fundamental laws of their work, but also the primary principles of production and distribution and the duties and obliga- tions of citizenship. This is the calling of the brain-toiler and in God's good time he will have answered it. The joyful New-year bells may then " Ring out the feud of rich and poor, Ring in redress to all mankind. Ring in the nobler modes of life, With sweeter manners, purer laws." Industrial liberty, increased ability to earn daily bread, increased knowledge of the laws of nature and of God, attained through a closer blending of brain-toil with hand-toil, will make the working-man indeed the "product of the race as the heir of the Pruyn medal Oration 143 ages," and hasten the time when all man- kind will be "inspired workmen to build the grand temple of civilization." HEAD PRIZE ORATION B€flD PRTZ6 ORflCTOH HAMILTON, WEBSTER, SEWARD. BY WALSTEIN ROOT. IN the history of the United States three constitutional crises have demanded the highest statesmanship. At the close of the Revolution the united colonies, pov- erty stricken, jealous of each other and no longer bound by the urgencies of common danger, were fast disintegrating. The Articles of Confederation had failed ; and there was no sovereign government. In this exigency Alexander Hamilton began the movement for a firmer union. With rare tad, he succeeded in assembling a con- vention of the States and to this proposed a constitution based on the idea of a strong central government. On the rejection of this plan, as a whole, he loyally accepted the compromise approved by the majority. Through 148 Class of me the "Federalist," with a force and originality never surpassed, he expounded its meaning, ex- plained its effects, and urged its advantages ; and by his influence he contributed, more than any other, to its ratification. He so interpreted its provisions, breathing into them his own spirit, that the constitution, in its operation, was more his work than of all the others who framed it. The broad patri- otism and greatness of the man were never better shown than when, putting aside all personal pique, he expounded and defended forms and principles, which perhaps he feared, yet deemed better than existing dissension and weakness. Hamilton was the leader, the soul, the original genius of the formative period of our constitution. He was not only a leader in creating the convention of '87, not only a leader in its deliberations, not only the foremost advocate and defender of the pro- posed constitution ; but he was the controlling spirit of Washington's administration, which established the precedents and marked out the course of the new government. Each succeeding generation has but followed in the pathway illumined by his genius, and strengthened and adorned the fabric erected chiefly by his master hand. Washington, Hamilton, and Jefferson, the generation that formed the constitution, passed Bead Prize Oration 149 from the stage; the ''era of good feeling" came and Went ; and the country entered upon the stormiest period of its political existence. The conflict again waged round the comparatively untried constitution. In times of domestic peace and minor political dissension it had stood the test ; but now the spectre of State sovereignty, the menace of disunion, so strong in the convention of '87, vigorous in the contest which followed, mighty now in the* logic of Calhoun and the aggressiveness of slavery — battled boldly for constitutional existence. It said : " It is not a constitution but a compact." "The States are supreme in their sovereignty." The con- stitution was at stake ; and again there must come a man able to expound its doctrines and make it strong to bind the ever increasing nation. Ten years before, in the Dartmouth College case, Daniel Webster had gained a position among the ablest constitutional law- yers of his generation. In that case, discussing the relations of the general government to that of the State, he maintained the sover- eignty of the constitution.' Now, with his soul fired by the taunts and fallacies of Hayne, he combated nullification. His elo- quence, making mightier the logic of Hamilton, found an echo in the heart of every loyal American. His arguments were behind the stern vigor of Jackson when he crushed i so glass of wo nullification in South Carolina : and his glowing words, creating a sentiment for nationality, stirred the hearts of those who fought down secession and saved the Union, The great debate of 1830 left slavery untouched : and twenty years later its menace again brought conflict. State after State had been enrolled in the Union. The question was put and must be answered : '"Can the constitution, broadening with the nation, still keep its grasp and bind into one government a people stretching from ocean to ocean?*' With time and growth the problem had become more difficult. Under the constitution, there were two social fabrics, two political theories utterly antago- nistic. Could they be reconciled and the constitution preserved r Here Webster erred. His intense love of nationality misled him. The slave oligarchy frightened him with threats of secession. To him there seemed so much at stake that he dared not but compromise. William H. Seward, calm. able, and with a more spiritual vision than his two great predecessors, saw not only the conflict impending, but where the ultimate right lay. Declaring, as a United States senator, that " there is a higher law than the constitution " to which it must conform, he announced the ruling principle of his constitutional career. iKad Prize Oration 151 Later, when the struggle grew fiercer, he boldly asserted: "It is an irrepressible con- flict between opposing and enduring forces ; . . and it is the existence of this great fact that renders all such pretended compro- mises, when made, vain and ephemeral. " Strong in his calm foresight, he was enabled, as the leader of the Republican party, to prepare for the issue, and, as the controlling mind in Lincoln's cabinet, to help guide the nation to a full constitutional freedom and union. His assertion of the "higher law" and his recognition of the "irrepressible conflict," rank Seward's statesmanship with that of our greatest political leaders. Hamilton, Webster, and Seward have held positions strikingly similar in the progress of the nation, yet each had characteristics strongly individual. Hamilton was the logical, Webster the oratorical, Seward the ethical statesman. Hamilton saw clearly that no human law could be supreme ; for he said: "The sacred rights of man . . . can never be erased or obscured by mortal power." But this never became with him a principle of action. With a mind unerringly logical, he wrought out the constitutional life and based it on the principles of political philosophy. Webster, with the logic of a great intellect and the sympathy of a great nature, receiving the 152 Class of »$*o constitution as it was. emphasized and strengthened the principles of liberty and union. He stirred the heart of the nation to sacrifice. Seward, with a spiritual fore- sight beyond those who dealt merely with human philosophy, not only perceived the ■•higher law." but realized it. He reconciled the constitution to conscience and made it more enduring, while he bowed it to the divine law. Hamilton loved order and distrusted the people : he would have a strong government. Webster loved the Union : but forgot the universal right of personal freedom : he would have preserved the Union at the cost of compromise with slavery. Seward feared God and loved humanity : he would have had God's law supreme and ail men free. Seward had neither the genius of Hamilton nor the eloquence and sympathy of Webster. and he could not have done their work. but. combined with an intellect little inferior to that of Hamilton and Webster, he pos- sessed a moral sensibility beyond either. Hamilton's genius lifted him above the mass and Webster's sympathetic force led him into error. Seward's career is less marred by mistakes, because he trod a lower path and was guided by a cooler judgment. Today. in the opening of our second century, our political philosophy is that of Bead Prize Oration 153 Hamilton ; the nation's heart still thrills with the eloquent words of Webster, and the conscience of a free and united people says "Amen" to the lofty utterances of Seward. KIRKLAND PRIZE ORATION SS p^tej ■j/j/; ■— tsht ^" $ i Sp fckli 'fr' 1 '"', jjjJi SP! "^l^^^^&^^ > ' « sVvJ Ir^^M^&^n/ ~ *^^^ vv raB &r^? Ti'ii^ ? ^ ^A is** v \^ 1 ij^ B| fjS~-S^ WW"! ■ ybtff^Szm sj\ JP to- ■•i: ; '»V '■■ *$ " "S ■JV"' ,, .1. KTRKCflRD PRTZ€ ORHCTOn THE EFFECTS OF THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF PALESTINE ON THE JEWS AND THEIR LITERATURE. BY DELOS DEWOLF SMYTH. ASM PEOPLE unique in history ; a land ZH unique among lands ; the Jews, £* chosen people of God ; Palestine, ^^^r home of the Jews ! From a strange land has sprung a strange people. Can their coincident diversity be fortuitous ? A necessary harmony between man and his environment may not be proved ; but that physical conditions influence man, the con- current voices of science and history affirm ; and in the peculiarities of Palestine lies the secret of much that is peculiar in the Jews. True ; only in the infancy of nations is this influence efficient. True ; the Jews, i*S £]*$$ Of WO contemporaries of Troy and Chaldea. had many centuries on their heads ere Palestine became their home. But character formed in slaver}- will not survive emancipation ; and whatever their traits prior to the cap- tivity, four centuries amid the flesh-pots of Egypt could but vitiate them. Their eman- cipation was a new birth. They were stirred with the breath of a new life. They entered Palestine a nation, where their fathers had dwelt as nomad tribes. How much depended upon their finding a settled home can not be overestimated. Had they tarried in the fairer rields east of the Jordan, as did Reuben and Gad. their fate would have been the fate of these. Never emerging from the pastoral state, their identity would have been lost in that of those strange, phantom-like figures which course the eastern plains. But it was not to be. In western Palestine lay their destiny : and there the wanderers found a home, not luxuriant indeed as the eastern territory : but in the very ruggedness of its fertility fitted for the restoration of a debilitated race. With a climate that stimu- lated energy, its hills and valleys promised abundance to labor : to idleness, nought. That dreamy languor, dominating the valleys of the Nile, the Tigris, and the Euphrates, found no place here : and it is to these KirRland Prize Oration 1 59 Palestinian highlands, that the Jews of today owe much of that vigor which distinguishes them among Eastern races. Had they contrasted their new-found home with the scenes of their Egyptian slavery, it might, indeed, have seemed bleak and barren. But theirs was a generation nurtured in the wilderness ; and Palestine an oasis in a desert of sand. With the passage of the Red Sea still fresh in their memories, with the voice from Sinai still thundering in their ears, they saw in this narrow district, scarce redeemed from the desert by its mountains, a new pledge of divine favor ; in its rugged beauty, God's smile. Its very narrowness enhanced their national pride ; and at the same time gave compactness to their social and political organization. Yet in thought they were not a narrow people. From the vantage-ground of their highland home they looked beyond those narrow limits, out toward the vast empires on their northern and southern borders, out over the sea, even then whitened by the sails of Tarshish. And, as they looked, in their hearts the feeling grew, that these boundaries were not for always, that for them was a broader destiny. Set in the very heart of the old world, whence in the fullness of time their message should spread through the nations, mountain, i6o glass of i$w desert, and sea conspired to keep the jews in seclusion. Surrounded by ail the great nations of antiquity, nature had guarded them weli and they dwelt apart for Centuries. Shut within themselves and secure from intrusion, they held to their monotheistic faith despite their polytheistic surroundings. Here they de- veloped the Mosaic law. the foundation of their national existence, and from this period date those conservative institutions about which has clustered the lite of the people. That nationality then formed and nxed has stood the test of the centuries. Conquered again and again, no race has been able to assim- ilate them. Scattered to the ends of the earth, they retain their essential identity. The "Wandering jew" of today is the Jew of the morning-time of the nation, marked by the very features seen on the sculptures of Nineveh. Goethe has said, th.it "the jews are distin- guished among nations by their steadfastness, cohesion, and obstinate toughness" : he should have added, intensity. That seclusion which gave them persistency of type, at the same time accentuated each characteristic. The story of the jews is a story throbbing with passion : now dark with hate, now bright with the glory of heaven. if Shakespeare's Shy lock is true, so is the Nathan of Lessing. Yes : steadfast, cohesive, intense, thev have Kirkland Prise Oration 161 come down the ages from Palestine ; and though skeptics may deny that the land was made for the people, that the people were made by the land is the verdict of science and history. But the physical features of Palestine could not affect the Jews without affecting their literature. Nowhere is the Hebraistic spirit as distinct as in the works of their early writers ; nowhere is there a literature more replete with the imagery of nature. God showed Himself to the Jews in the lily of the field, in the rose that bloomed in Sharon, and what were else abstract and dry, was touched with a human sympathy. Had the landscape been fairer, they might have been beguiled into the bright fields of an idealistic mythology. Here there was naught to tempt them from their one great theme, Divinity. Yet phenomena were not wanting to tell of might and majesty. Palestine, during the occupation of the Jews, had felt the shock of earthquakes. Hurricanes had swept those hills, followed by lightnings and thunder ; and the poetry thus inspired reached the acme of power and sublimity. Dante and Milton alone compare with those grand old Hebrew poets ; and even the works of these do but reflect the glory of the originals. A land of hills and valleys, it was a land 1 62 glass Of 1*9* of varied climate ; Hermon crowned with eternal snows ; the Jordan bathed in tropical sunshine. No district on the face of the earth contains so many and such sudden transitions ; or could have given the Jews such breadth and variety of experience. The Koran written in Arabia is eminently a book of the Orient. The Scriptures written in Palestine have a scope as broad as humanity ; their imagery is as apt north as souths in Europe as in Asia. With the dispersion of the Jews came the death-blow of their national literature. Scat- tered amid strange lands and peoples, their writers have flourished only as they have escaped from their nationality. Even the Talmud is tinged with a foreign element ; while Heine and Disraeli belong, not to Jewish literature, but to that of Germany and England. Yet the heart of the people is still fixed on Sion. "If I forget thee, O Jerusalem! let my right hand forget her cunning ! " sang their sweet singer on the fair Judean hills ; and the race has echoed the strain through all its weary exile. Still in their heart of hearts do they long for the land of their fathers ; still undaunted, do they look for a national restoration. It may be only a dream ; it may be, that in His own good time God will restore the land to His people. KELLOGG PRIZE ORATION K6CCO00 PRTZ6 ORJICTOH THE FALLEN IDOLS OF THE SOUTH. BY JAMES ARTHUR SEAVEY. ^jttp HE volume in which the Muse of A1A history is recording the life story J ; | ■ of America contains two pages of ^^br especial interest. Already they read like a romance of long ago. One is the record of chivalry blindly clinging to a mis- taken principle, of a fair land desolated by a fratricidal war, of a people silent and proud amid the poverty of ruined homes. The other tells of the embers of passion dying away on the altar of memory ; of towns rebuilt, of rolling rivers bearing on their bosoms the mighty argosies of trade, of a people ani- mated by a hopeful purpose of a new life. It is history's memorial of the Old South and the New. 1 66 Cla$$ Of 1S90 But today those pages are draped in mourn- ing, and the shadow of sorrow has fallen upon every Southern heart. Davis and Grady have gone beyond the striving and the toil- ing, and the world stands in reverent silence by the Southland, as it grieves for its fallen idols. As the sunset shadows of life's fitful day- gathered about the white-haired leader of the Confederacy, the Old South watched by his bedside. In those hours of its lonely vigil, all the sacred memories of the past came trooping back again. It remembered how its chieftain had once led the forces of a united Republic to victory, from the valley of the Rio Grande to the heights of Chapultepec. It remembered him in the halls of the national Congress, and the shining lance he wielded in the arena of debate. It remembered his brilliant services as cabinet minister. It re- membered those four hurtling years, when the red wrath of war lighted its camp-fires in Dixie and the alarm-bell of battle clanged its call to arms. And it remembered how his devotion to the Lost Cause remained staunch and steadfast, until secession laid down its arms beneath the apple blossoms at Ap- pomattox. Amid such precious memories, life's candles were burning low. and when the Confederate chieftain fell into his last long sleep, the heart of the Old South was broken Kellogg Prize Oration 167 and the light of its life went out forever. When Davis died, the spirit of the Old South was crushed. By the side of its leader the traditions of its people were buried. But the New South, its every pulse thrilling with new life, rose up, fair and majestic, to receive the mantle of the Old. Henry W. Grady was its leader. It was his voice, powerful in its eloquence, that should first tell to the world that there was a New South, "not from protest against the Old, but because of new conditions, new feelings, new aspirations." Full well did Grady know his country and its people. He knew that in that land of perfume and of flowers there were boundless natural resources, whose development would bring prosperity and power to the South. Dear to him were the homes of the child- hood and traditions of his people ; and in his heart of hearts he cherished the hope that one day he might see the South stand with the North — equal in wealth, in intel- ligence, and in power. He hoped to see the day when the North and South should be bound together, not only by constitutional provisions, but by those invisible and might- ier bonds of kindly fraternal sympathy ; united into a common brotherhood of States in which all the paths of fame should be open, and where the "star of hope might rest 1 68 glass of wo above the cradle of the poor man's babe. " But when he seemed surest in this hope, in the full tide of years made joyous by a labor of love, he paused by the wayside and, "using his burden for a pillow, fell into a dreamless sleep." Where the waves of the blue Atlantic first sang their cradle song of American liberty, within sight of Bunker Hill and the Old Green at Lexing- ton, with all the inspiration of Faneuil Hall and the Old South Church falling about him, Grady laid down his life for the country and people so dear to him. "Tell mother to pray for me," he said at the last, " and if I die, tell her I die while trying to serve the South, the land I love so well." As the Christmas bells chimed forth their anthem of good-will to men, they lovingly laid the great-hearted Grady to rest under the shadow of his native Georgia pines. The name of Davis suggests a retrospect clouded by visions of war, of bloodshed, and of the darkest hours of our national life. In Grady was embodied all that was noblest and best in the Southern people. At Davis's death, the South mourned alone. When Grady died, a mighty nation wept by his bier. Better far, for you, O Southland, could you forget that page of your history that bears Davis's name ! For it must bring to you, as KellOdg Prize Oration 169 it does to us, recolle&ions of those years, when "not a morning wore to evening, but some heart did break." But Grady, remember him as the prophet of all you hope to be ! Smile through your tears, and behold the rainbow of promise already gild- ing the horizon of your future ! And when that future shall have become the present, the memory of Grady will still shed its perfume in your hearts — a "forget-me-not from the angels." VALEDICTORY ORATION UJIC6DTCC0RV ORflCTOH THE PRESENT LOW ESTIMATE OF THE INDIVIDUAL. BY LINCOLN ABRAHAM GROAT. press ISTORY thus far has been that of individuals who have not only de- viated from anything like a com- mon type, but have left their im- upon the world instead of being moulded by it. The history of Greece and Rome is the history of heroes and sages ; and those blank pages, called the dark ages in history, what are they but the records of peoples of a com- mon type, with no unique character towering above the mists of superstition, and revealing in the clear sunlight the strength and beauty of our humanity. In spite of its faults, we hail the lofty independence and manly self- 174 da$$ of wo reliance of feudalism as the salvation of society ; and proudly attribute the marked superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race to its intense individuality. The source of every grand achievement in the world's progress can be traced dire&Iy to a Luther, a Shakes- peare, a Columbus, or a Washington. As we study the structure of modern social life, with its far-reaching organization, in- tense concentration, and subtle compulsion of individual will and purpose, we are forced to consider these questions: Is individuality losing its crown ? Is the attitude of modern life friendly or hostile to the highest and truest individual development ? We must admit the last fifty years have witnessed a strong reaction against the intense individualism of the past. The structure of modern society tends to suppress rather than encourage originality and diversity of thought, character, and pursuit ; to make history, henceforth, that of common rather than un- common men. Notwithstanding the beautiful imagery of equality and universal brotherhood woven about modern socialistic theories, they contain serious defecls. The strong individual out- lines that distinguish the ages of mighty effort and great achievement, that marked men and women as the " chosen heroes" of earth, have vanished; today, men "born Ualedictory Oration 175 originals, die imitations." We boast of our industrial progress, at- tained through invention and the division of labor, yet the present is not an age of in- vention but of modification, and our labor system degrades men to the level of an un- intelligent, unthinking force. We are proud of the increasing influence of the working- man, yet nearly every manifestation of that power has been a witness to the loss of the independence and manly self-reliance, which is the crown and dignity of labor. We glory in an enlightened public opinion, but is that an enlightened public opinion which makes the terms, " fanatic," "hypocrite," "crank," synonymous with originality, fidelity to principle, manliness ? that would substitute popular favor for conscience ? Granting all the good it has wrought, modern public opinion must be held responsible for our time-serving legislators, the imperfect admin- istration of justice by our courts, the hesi- tating and apologetic tone of the pulpit. In literature alone do we demand originality ; but alas, the socialistic spirit has dried up the "fountains of song" and sapped the vitality of creative thought. Our social philosophy is at fault. We de- nounce the pagan theory, that "man is made for the state," yet practice the same idea. The fact that each has an individual person- :-- Cte$$ Of U*C ality, a distinct plan in life. God-devised and God-given, is forgotten. Mtdero. szciety judges everything by its present convenience ana utility. ana is maiffere t: :: sa :so t- tiai realities and permanent results. Such will not be the eriut of future generations; the decisive tes: :: time will n:t ire made by the transitory standards of wealth and warehouses. Posterity will judge our day and ueoenouo by us lasting pmdact. the The present l:w estimate :■:" the individual marks the declining power :: a vital prin- :mle :■: Christianity. Paganism uesr ises tne individual : Christianity exalts and ennobles him. The power of the Christian religion is in its personal appeal and personal sanctions. Thrcagh the individual came revelation and redemption ; :: him we :we ell that is worthiest in the past : in aim :s :ur here for the future. scorn restrain: and defy force. But tan dark- ness withstand light: C:.-. error resist truth: Shall n:t the wisdom, that laid the fcunclatuns ;-' the earth anal a'thed the heavens, reveal. in the fullness ::" time, t: a waiting and exnedtant humanitv, toe harmonv of the divine plan that members . Maledictory Oration 177 whole, yet differing, "as one star differeth from another star in glory." Ladies and Gentlemen, Citizens of Clinton : For four years we have enjoyed the pleasure of your society and shared in the intellectual advantages of your beautiful village. Ever have you manifested in us a kindly interest ; sympathized with us in our defeats ; rejoiced with us in our victories. It is with grateful hearts we acknowledge our many obligations to you all. Today you have gathered to witness our commencement. For the inspiration and encouragement of your presence, we extend our hearty thanks ; and trust that your fondest hopes and highest anticipations have been fully realized. As we depart, we bear with us, of Clinton and its citizens, none but the most pleasant memories, which shall ever render bright and happy the fond recollections of our college days. Gentlemen of the Board of Trustees : To your honorable body is entrusted the duty of guarding the interests of our beloved college. For all the wisdom of your counsels, for every earnest effort for the promotion of her interests, we express our deepest grati- tude. We rejoice at the recent evidences of your more careful study of the interests Class cf i$*o : mo-re zea.aus errz-rts to We trust that you may your duty; and that nthusiastk efforts in her : future, achieve for the sd :: your care, a still rraspentv. a still wide: P-.z.s::_N7 Jaf.l:s:- : With y:a. honored sir. :ur relatir-r.s hive beer: of an intimate ::o rle.Saht character. You have ever possessed :or fogies: ;:z::ae-;z we hive looked to you as the protect :r our Interests, the guide :•: :ur college lives. in y:-u we have ever fcana a friend ready :: encourage '■'■■ . t h .-. i r . c . '• '"'• _■ r a . t . a^ > : i t v< : t n prudent counsel. Year person;;'. ihterest in car individual welfare has won :ar affection ana JL " - Z. ~ - Z. - --■ • • - reaim 01 unite you natures, given as directucu .na support, in every relaticr .s instructor, paster, friend. we rave found you indulgent, earnest, aha faithful. Your memcrv we shall fondlv Uakdictory Oration 179 cherish and recall, with pleasure, your kind- ness to us all. Gentlemen of the Faculty : With patience, earnestness and diligence, you have endeavored to impart to us the truths of learning, to awaken within us a love of knowledge, and fit us for the duties of life. You have furnished us with pure and lofty ideals, and assisted us in acquiring the power to attain them. You have taught us how to remove or surmount the difficulties of learning and of life. Nobly, have you performed your part, and if we enter life imperfe&ly equipped, the responsibility is ours. The extent of our obligations to you, we can never fully realize ; but now, and ever would we proudly acknowledge the debt we owe. Classmates : As a college class, we are met together for the last time. It is a moment of mingled joy and sorrow. Joy that the goal is reached, the race finished ; sorrow that the pleasures of college life are over, that its pleasant associations must be broken, and those bound together by the strongest ties of friendship and fraternal affection soon must part. For four years our lives have had a common aim ; we have been actuated by i8o glass of i$9o common hopes and fears. Neither discord nor dissension have ever marred the harmony of our college life. In all our rivalries, we have been generous and chivalric : no boast- ing in victory or rejoicing at defeat. A spirit of mutual respect and confidence has ever kept us harmonious and united. To the college we have been devoted and loyal : every worthy effort to extend her influence, or increase her fame, has met with our earnest and enthusiastic support. In our record, as a class, we may justly take an honest pride. As we separate today, let each bear with him none but the pleasantest memories of our college life : if there is ought that is dark and bitter, may it be left behind. If the hopes and ambitions of any have not been realized, let it be forgotten. Have any personal animosities arisen, bury them with the past. Let the same fraternal spirit and brotherly affection which has characterized our college days distinguish our after-life. Amid the struggles of life, let our alma mater never be forgotten : may we ever strive to maintain her honor and promote her interests. In parting, classmates. I will not say good-bv. but farewell until we meet again. n'u^,^ of congress 029 911 015 1