jffH-SS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/hortonsannualforOOhort TS 825 .H7 Copy 1 1885. HORTON'S ANNUAL FOR 1885, CONTAINING ^i'RULES^ FOR THE .. Inspection of Hardwood Lumber FOR THE NEW YORK MARKET, Suggestions to Shippers^ AND HINTS TO MANUFACTURERS. COPYRIGHTED 1885. — PUBLISHED BY-rr-p ' C. G. HORTON, w Wholesale Lumber Broker, Nos. 4 and 6 West 14tb Street, NEW YORK. Extract from the " North- western Lumberman:' "It is evident that 'some manufacturers of hardwoods who ship to this market do not understand the grading and inspection used here and are frequently disappointed in the inspection returns. This is unavoidable, where there is not a perfect understanding in regard to the rules followed by the New York in- spectors. Manufacturers for their own interest and profit should thoroughly post themselves on the requirements of this market and thereby know just what it would pay to send, and what to keep at home. I will say that inspec- tion is rigid and severe here, and inspectors stand closely to the strict letter of the law. It is not a question of whether it is right or wrong, but it is the basis upon which the lumber is bought here and in general it is accepted only on the returns of a New York city inspector." Any manufacturer wishing to have a copy of the rules can obtain them free by ad- dressing a request to C. G. Horton, 4 and 6 West Fourteenth Street, this city. This little book ought to be in the hands of every manu- facturer who intends shipping lumber to eastern points. Besides the inspection rules it contains hints to manufacturers and shippers with other valuable information. PREFACE. It is a subject of congratulation to the pub- lisher to note the increased demand for this little Annual, since the date of its first appear- ance in 1880. The difficulty of putting upon paper in a comprehensive manner a description of the various grades of hardwood lumber is fully appreciated and the author has not entirely relied upon his own judgment, but has con- sulted with the best authorities, and endeavor- ed to attain that end in a plain and simple manner. The purpose of the following rules is to pre- sent the general laws governing inspection of hardwood lumber for the New York market without expecting to establish arbitrary rules, which would be impossible, as much depends upon the judgment of the inspector. C. G. HORTON. New York, March 1, 1885. / / pONSIGNMENTS OF HARDWOOD, WHICH V_y will be sold at the highest market price, and quick returns made for the same less 5 per cent, brokerage. In soliciting consignments, I wish to direct the attention of manufacturers and others hav- ing logs and lumber for sale to the following facts : I sell to the lumber trade only, and solicit orders only from reliable parties. I have constant demands for lumber from exporters and city dealers, and am prepared to dispose of large quantities cf stock of all kinds, grades and dimensions. Long experience and personal acquaintance with all the dealers in this city ana vicinity, enables me to readily dispose of stock, knowing the quantity, quality and grades required by each individual firm for their especial line of trade. Manufacturers. Manufacturers who place their business in my hands, will not only save the salary of a traveling salesman, but secure the services of a permanent representative in this market, who will make no bad accounts, or allow stock to remain on docks and in storage, until the profit is all eaten up by extra expense. Information. Any information relative to the condition or demands of the lumber trade in any of its branches, will be cheerfully and promptly fur- nished by G. G. HORTON, Wholesale Lumber Broker Nos. 4 and 6 West 14th St., New York. ^RULESl^s. — FOR THE — Inspection of Hardwood Lumber —FOR THE— NEW YORK MARKET. What is termed Inspection in this and other markets, is called Surveying in Boston and some other points, and consists in classifying or placing a value upon each piece of lumber. Inasmuch as no two pieces of lumber are exactly alike, it is impossible to make an ar- bitrary rule which will govern each and every piece. The Inspector is therefore ex- pected to use his best judgment, based upon the goneral rules laid down in the following pages for his guidance. A board may be perfect in all respects for a certain line of work, and still be imperfect for some uses where some particular quality is necessary. There are many considerations which enter into the proper and judicious assorting and valuing of lumber which must be determined according to the judgment and experience of the inspector. Inspectors should examine all boards and planks on the poorest side, excepting in flooring. 3 C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broke?', All lumber to be measured in even lengths, (except culls) from ten to thirty feet inclus- ive. Above that length, timber shall be counted for what it will measure. All boards one inch and under thick shall be measured face measure. If sawed scant, will be reduced to the next standard thick- ness. All tapering pieces of lumber to be meas- ured one-third the distance from the narrow end, when twelve inches and over in width at the center, and when less than twelve inches wide in center to be measured at the narrow end. The standard knot is to be considered as not exceeding \\ inches in diameter, and of sound character. Splits are always a greater or less damage to hard vood lumber, and will reduce a piece to one grade lower if the split is over 18 inches in length in boards and plank, or six inches in strips, but the split must be straight and in one end only, to be allowed. Bark or waney boards or plank, must be measured inside wane or bark. All badly mis-sawed lumber shall be classed as culls. No cull is considered as having a marketable value which will not work one-half its size without waste. Lumber sawed for specific purposes, as axles, bolsters, reaches, harrow timbers, newels, bal- usters, etc., must be inspected with a view 4 Nos. 4 and 6 West i^th Street, New York. to the adaptability of the piece for the in- tended use, as in many cases it cannot be utilized for other purposes. In the inspection of combined grades of Firsts and Seconds, an undue predominance of Seconds should always be carefully noted, as the purchaser is entitled to the full aver- age in quality, based upon the average mill run of the kind of timber involved. Hearts are excluded from all grades above culls. Worm-holes are to be considered as one of the most serious defects in hardwood lumber. Mill culls are never recognized as market- able, and all culls which will not work to the use for which the timber or the size is appli- cable, without wasting more than one-half, are Mill Culls. It is understood, that when the term strips is used, the said strips shall be six inches in width unless otherwise specified. Standard lengths are always recognized as being 12, 14 and 16 feet, but 15 per cent, of 10 feet lengths may be allowed. Shorter than 10 feet does not come within the range of marketable, although sometimes admitted. In Black Walnut and Cherry an exception is made, and 10 feet is recognized as a stan- dard length, and 15 per cent, of 8 feet lengths may be admitted in the Firsts and Seconds. Pieces of lumber that have auger holes near the end, should be measured for length C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broker, between the holes, and what is so measured to be classed in its proper quality ; if any auger holes in the center, as well as at the ends, should go into cull to be measured full. Merchantable includes only sound lumber, free from rot. shake and unsound hearts ; hearts in nearly all varieties of lumber are to be excluded from all grades above culls. Inspectors and Measurers are instructed that the rule herein given as to width and thickness is the standard width and thickness for mer- chantable lumber of each grade. But when some slight deviation, either in width or thick- ness should occur by accidental manufacture, so long as it will not hinder the lumber from being used for the purpose for which it is in- tended, such lumber shall not be reduced in grade on account of such deviation. The wider the board the more latitude is al- lowed for defects. This remark applies gener- ally to lengths, widths and thicknesses, although, as a rule, unless a board holds plumb to an intended thickness, it is measured to the next standard below. In dimension or bill stuff, such as joist, scantling or timber, a var- ance in thickness is almost universally allowed by dealers and consumers, although strict rules of inspection demand full sizes in all re- spects. Manufacture should be taken into consider- ation in all qualities, and if badly manufac- tured, will reduce the grade. Nos. 4 and 6 West i/\tk Street, New York. BLACK WALNUT. The standard lengths are 12, 14 and 16 feet long, but as short as 8 feet are merchantable as Firsts and Seconds, if otherwise up to grade, and not exceeding 15 per cent, of gross amount. The usual thickness is 1, 1£, 1£, 2, 2%, 3, 4 and 5 inch ; f , f , \ and I are special, and are graded the same as other thicknesses. Walnut is inspected in this market, as Firsts, or No. 1 ; Seconds, or No. 2, and Culls, or No. 3. Firsts must be not less than 8 inches wide, free from all defects up to 10 inches ; 12 inches wide and over, may have 2 inches of bright sap on one side. Boards 10 feet long must be 10 inches and over wide, and strictly clear, to be classed as firsts. Wide places will admit of slight defects which will not be taken in the narrow. Seconds must be not less than 5 inches wide. All boards and planks, 5 to 6 inches wide, 10 feet long and over, straight and free from all defects. If 6 and 7 inches wide, will admit of but one defect ; 8 and 9 inches wide, two defects. 10 to 12 inches wide, three defects. Defects in boards over 10 feet long, may increase in proportion to the width of the board. Boards 8 feet long must be free from all defects up to 8 inches in width. Defects in boards 8 inches and over, may increase in proportion to width. 7 C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broker, Culls. Any length or width not up to the standard of seconds, in which not less than one-half of the entire piece is fit for use without waste. Newels must be free from heart and all defects to sqare 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 inches when seasoned. Standard lengths are 3£ and 4 feet, and multiples. 12, 14 and 16 feet are the most desirable. Balusters should be, when seasoned, exact- ly square, lixli, lfxlf, 2x2, 2£x2£, 2^x2^, 3x3, and 4x4 inches. Length, 28 and 32 inches. Must be free from all defects. In shipping Baulsters to this market, there should be in each thousand 750, 32 inches long, and 250, 28 inches long. Black Walnut Counter Tops must be 12, 14, 16 or 18 feet long, 1, 1£, 1-J, and 2 inches thick, and the width must not be less than 20 inches, and free of defects. Note. — The larger portion of the lumber that is inspected in some markets as Rejects are Seconds in this, the remainder being Culls. The thickness most in demand is 1 inch ; probably one-third of all the Walnut used is of that thickness. After that If is most in demand, next 1|, and then 2-J — 2 inch in very little demand — then 3 inch. 1£ and l-£ inch are always wanted, the demand being greater than the supply. Where a band saw is used f , i, f and | inch may be cut to greater advantage, and, when cut from fine logs, JVos. 4 and 6 J Vest i^th Street, New York. pay better than any other dimension. The largest sizes of Walnut Balusters bring the best price in proportion, but the greatest de- mand is for the small sizes. HICKORY WAGON STOCK. Hickory may be classed as Boards, Plank and Axles. Boards and Plank. Are inspected as First and Second Clear, in one grade. The lengths are 10, 12, 14 and 16 feet ; the thicknesses, 1, li, 1|, 2, 2£, 3 and 4 inches. Tne combined grade will not admit of more than one or two small sound knots, of the one and one-fourth inch standard, and no other imperfections. None but white, second growth will sell in this market. It should be cut with bark on and then peeled at once. Culls. All lumber not up to the preceding grades. Axles. Lengths are 6 and 12 feet. Sizes 3x4, 3|x4i, 4x5, 4x6, 4^x6, and 5x6. Must be sawed plump, one-eighth inch full, and perfect in all respects. BUTTERNUT. In grades same as Walnut. Firsts and Seconds. Boards and Planks wormy and oth- erwise not up to the standard of Seconds are unsalable in this market. C. G. Iforton, Wholesale Lumber Broker, HARD MAPLE. Lengths should be 12, 14 and 16 feet; thick- ness, 1, 1£, li, 2, 2i, 3 and 4 inches. It is inspected as Firsts, Seconds and Calls. Firsts must be at least 8 inches wide and over, clear and free from all defects. Seconds must be not less than six inches wide, at which width one sound standard knot will be admitted. Increased defects will be allowed with increased widths. Culls. Badly sawed or other defective lumber, not good enough for Seconds, but in which one-half the pieces will work up without waste. Flooring should be cut three, four, five and six inches wide ; 1 and 1} inches thick. The largest demand is for 1 inch, cut from the outside of the log from the white timber. Near the heart or the dark timber is less valu- able. CHESTNUT. Lengths, 12, 14 and 16 feet ; Thicknesses, principally 1 inch. Very little demand for thicker. Is inspected the same as Walnut. Worm-holes absolutely excluded from Firsts. Squared edge is more desirable than bark or round edge. Chestnut Squares should be full 4x4, 12, 14 and 16 feet long, free from heart shakes and splits. 10 Nos. 4 and 6 West \\th Street, New York. WHITE ASH. White Ash should be in lengths of 12, 14 and 16 feet. The usual thicknesses are 1, 1£, Ik, 2, 2i, 3, 3£, 4 and 5 inches, and is inspected in this market as Firsts, Seconds and Culls. Firsts must not be less than 8 inches wide, and free from all defects up to 10 inches. When 12 inches and over wide, will admit of one to two small defects, and a split of not over 18 inches will be allowed. If over 18 inches, will reduce lumber one grade, and if in each end, will reduce it two grades. Sap is not considered a material injury if bright and in good condition. Seconds must not be less than six inches wide. At 6 inches must be free from all de- fects. At 10 inches, may have from one to three sounds knots not to exceed If inches in diameter each. Defects may increase with the width of the board. Must be free from heart, dry rot, dead or doty timber. Defect- ive sawing will drop a board or plank into the grade below. Culls. Any width or length in which not less than one-half is fit for use without waste. Ash Flooring should be 3, 5 and 6 inches wide, with one face and two edges clear, 1 and li inches thick, 12, 14 and 16 feet long. Ash Newels and Balusters same as Black Walnut. 11 C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broker, Wagon Tongues should be cut from tough timber, butt logs, and be free from all defects, especially cross grain. Must be 2x4 inches at one end, 4x4 at the other, or 2£x4£ at one end and 4^x4^ at the other, and 12 feet in length. Beech, Birch ; Cottonwood, Elm, Soft Elm, Sycamore and Soft Maple. The above named varieties of lumber are classified under an inspection of Good and Culls and should not be less than 6 inches in width. Good shall include all perfect lumber free from shake, hearts, and black knots. Standard knots from one to five in number do not condemn from this grade in proportion to the width of the piece. Culls include all lumber not good enough for the preceding grade, but in which one-half the piece will work without waste. CHERRY. Is graded as Firsts, Seconds and Culls and is inspected in this market the same as Walnut. Gum spots are counted as defects. Boards, Planks, Newels and Balusters same thickness, lengths and sizes as Walnut. Culls must be very good to meet with ready sale in this market. 12 Nos. 4 and 6 West i^th Street, New Yo?'k. WHITE OAK. Regular length 12, 14 and 16 feet, sizes 1, 1£, 1-jh 2, 2£, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inches. Shorter lengths are subject to a reduction in price. It is in- spected as Firsts, Seconds and Culls. Firsts. Must be 8 inches and over, wide, free from all defects. Seconds. At 8 inches will admit of one to three small sound knots of the 1^ inch stand- ard, or a little bright sap. Defects may increase with the size of the piece. May have sound heart in thick plank. All knots must be sound. Culls. Bad heart plank, wormy or gener- erally unsound lumber, and have no value in this market. Splits always reduce one grade in oak, as well as in otner hard woods. The above is the general Inspection, and in the main will meet the requirements of the grades in oak now in most active demand. Specifications differ with almost every bill, and much is dependent upon the judgment of the Inspector ; having particular regard to the use for which it is intended, but particular specifications accompanying bills and on which the contracts are based, must be strictly fol- lowed. Oak Flooring should be 3, 5 and 6 inches wide, with one face and two edges clear ; thickness, 1 and l'± inches ; length, 12, 14 and 16 feet. 13 C. G. Horton. Wholesale Lumber Broker. CYPRESS. Boards and Plank should be in lengths of 12, 14 and 16 feet; 1, l± f 1£, 2, 2£, 3, 3^ and 4 inches thick. Is inspected the same as Poplar. Shakes and pecks are always a damage in Cypress, and should be closely scrutinized. Strips must be 12, 14 and 16 feet long, 1 inch in thickness, and 6 inches wide, unless other- wise ordered. They are inspected Firsts, Seconds and Culls. Firsts must be strictly clear. Seconds will admit of one small sound knot, or, in absence of knot, may be one-half sap on the sap side. Culls — all unsound strips available one-half. MILL MEN. I wish to call the attention of mill men to the advantage of acquainting me with their stock, quality and the quantity, as I frequently have orders that I find it difficult to fill satis- factorily. By being familiar with the productions of various manufactories, it renders me able to order direct and without delay. To this end, I solicit correspondence from mill men in all directions, giving me full particulars of their lumber. 14 Nos. 4 and '6 West\\th Street, New York. YELLOW POPLAR AND WHITE WOOD. Poplar should be in even lengths of 12, 14, or 16 feet. Anything shorter must be very- good and submit to an allowance in price. The principal thicknesses are f , f, 1, 1£, 1£, 2, 2i, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inches. Squares should be 4x4, 5x5, 6x6, 7x7, 8x8, 9x9 and 10x10. 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 feet long must be free from heart and all other defects. Care should be taken to cut them £ full to allow for shrinkage in drying. Poplar is inspected as Firsts, Seconds and Culls. Firsts must be 10 inches wide and free from all defects— square pieces are exempt from rule only as to width. At 12 inches and over wide, a little bright sap may be allowed. Seconds must not be less than 6 inches wide and at 6 to 8 inches must be free from all de- fects, except a little bright sap on one side. Eight to twelve inches wide, one to three small sound knots, or may have bright sap not over 3 inches in width on either side or in the aggregate. Boards and Planks, if over 18 inches wide, may be one- third bright sap if free from all other defects. Culls. Any width or quality which will not pass as Firsts or Seconds, in which is in- cluded discolored sap, or stained stock, irreg- ularly sawed lumber, some shakes and checks 15 C. G. fforton, Wholesale Lumber Broker-. and lumber in which not less than one-half of the entire piece is fit for use, but does not include worthless scock or Mill Culls. Poplar Balusters and Newels same as Black Walnut. Note. — Splits of over 18 inches long will drop a board or plank into the grade below. BASS WOOD. Is used in thickness of 1, 1£, 1| and 2 inches. The principal demand is for 1 inch. Is in- spected as Good and Culls and should not be less than 6 inches wide. Good includes all perfect lumber free from shakes, black knots and heart. Small sound knots from one to five in number, according to the width of the board, do not condemn it for this grade. Culls include all lumber not good enough foi the above grade ; but in which one-half the piece will work without waste. An inordinate number of knots will drop a piece into the grade of Culls. SWEET GUM. Is inspected the same as Black Walnut. Lengths, 12, 14 and 16 feet ; thicknesses, 1, 1£, H» 2, &} and 4 inches. The demand is mostly for one inch, eight inches wide and over. The sap is worthless. 16 Nos. 4 and 6 West i A^th Street, New York. SUGGESTIONS TO SHIPPERS Bills of Lading should always be accompan- ied by a memorandum of the contents of the car, giving, as near as possible, the total num- ber of feet, the approximate number of each thickness and some idea of the quality of stock. When several cars of one kind of lumber are shipped at the same time, care should be taken to grade the stock when loading, and put each quality in separate cars. The reason for this is, that some dealers at times want only the better grades, while others the inferior stock; others still, all qualities. With a memorandum of the contents of each car, I am enabled to supply their demands, without the expense of assorting after it arrives. Shippers. Shippers of fine dry stock should consult their own interest by always shipping over direct lines to the place of destination, as re- loading from car to car or transferring from car to boat by inexperienced hands, deteriorates the stock more than can be saved in the differ- ence of freight. Freight Bills. Freight Bills will be paid upon arrival of stock, and, in cases where shippers wish it, advances not exceeding one-half of the esti- mated value of the lumber will be made after measurement and inspection, final settlement being made after the goods are sold. Lighterage Free. Shippers are requested to see that all railroad companies insert the words "Lighterage Free" in bills of Jading, as it enables me to move stock, after it arrives here, to any yard in this and adjacent cities without extra cost above the regular freight rates. 17 C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broker. HINTS TO MANUFACTURERS Manufacturers of Hardwood should give strict attention to what may be termed the general style of manufacture. It pays well to attend to this. Edges and ends should be well squared up ; — parallel widths — uniform thickness throughout the length and breadth ; — smoothly sawed as possible ; — bad ends should be cut off ; — the saving in freight alone more than paying for it, and in many cases it raises a piece from a cull to a second, or a second to a first. Put up with sticks between each course as soon as sawed, even when it is to be shipped green ; — surface drying pre- vents sweating. The heart should in all cases be cut out and left at mill. It has no value and incurs loss in freight. All thicknesses should be sawed full, that is, a little over the nominal thickness, especially on thick stuff, to allow for shrinkage in drying. One inch should be 1-16 over, and extra thick plank should be | to | over ; — extra thick stock may be sent green to market— but 1 to 3 inches should be seasoned, as it brings a higher price than green, saves greatly in freight, and is ready for immediate sale. Hickory should never be cut between the first of February and first of September, while the sap is rising, as it is then liable to powder-post, and indications of deterior- 18 Nos. 4 and 6 West 14th Street, New York. ation of this character is carefully scrutin- ized by the inspector. One great cause of splitting is from allowing lumber to dry too rapidly. Holly and Maple— especially curly and bird's eye— must be cut during the colder months in order to retain the color, which makes the wood valuable. It is important that all lumber should be parallel in width, square-edged, and with square ends. Newels from all kinds of timber must be cut outside the heart, to square 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 inches when seasoned ; the lengths must be 3£ and 4 feet, or the multiples thereof. Balusters must be cut exactly square— l£xH, If xlf, 2x2, 2+x2i, 3x3 and 4x4. Lengths must be 28 and 32 inches. In Poplar or White wood, the recognized marketable thicknesses are 1, \\. 1\, 2, 2£, 3, and 4 inches ; £, f, $, 5 and 6 inches are classed as special sizes. Lengths 12, 14 and 16 feet, 14 feet in the most desirable, especially in two-inch plank. When squared, the sizes should be 4x4, 5x5, 6x6, 7x7, 8x8, 9x9 and 10x10, and should be sawed \ inch plump, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 foot long. Checks or cracks in squares, are a serious defect. Combined firsts and seconds should not con- tain an undue amount of seconds. All hardwood lumber should be sawed 1-16 inch'plump. 19 C. G. Jlorton, Wholesale Lumber Broker. All lumber must be sawed square-edged, un- less otherwise ordered. When hardwoods are inspected and meas- ured by grades, boards are measured full, any defects reducing the grade, but not the quan- tity. The system under which defects are measured out is called "measuring merchant- able," and has no reference to grades. It is not advisable, as a rule, to ship green lumber to this market. The transportation charges are much more, and it sells, as a rule, for very much less than dry stock. Yard room is too valuable here to be used for drying pur- poses. From the " New York Record and Builder's Guide." We have received from C. G. Horton, Whole- sale Lumber Broker, Nos. 4 and 6 West Four- teenth street, this city, his Anuual for 1834, a concise little pamphlet containing rules for the inspection of hardwood lumber for the New York market, with suggestions to shippers, etc. The work seems to be just what is needed by interior shippers, so many of whom do not understand the wants of this market, and a reference to its pages might save them a great deal of vexation and loss on shipments hither. 20 N'os. 4 and 6 West i^th Street, New York. r) 73 cy B £'3'* Sflu.O fc § 2 -h cy e8 43 'v-G b «m -^J" O JS-O G p N P ** ---^ * CT3 O g s' S v G ,„ a) CO ^ s .. -cS o c rt i: s p cs p 2 >>a zy ^=s ^ w v ac »rt *^ ••> 3 £ a> - = S^ O » a! blO 2 C3 cw ^ ,-s ° s $ o 5 3 * .« s g « d) O •- rt p p Q< G G ^ -P * be ^EH'S .8 ■ * a CD .P ->a « G 25 ■*•« 0^3 CD -*-» ••* flflri m £ p. CO -oja ST C. G. Jlorton, Wholesale Lumber Broker, WEIGHT OF WOODS. The following list, giving the weight of hardwoods per foot, board measure, has been prepared with great care, and in the main is correct. Some allowance must be made in the weight of fresh cut, as the same wood differs some in weight when green, in different localities : Name of Wood. Green lbs. to r foot. Dry lbs. to i foot . Ash A y 2 3 y 2 Apple 5 4 Beech 5 4^ Birch 4^ , -3/i Basswood 3^ • 2% Chestnut 4 3 Cherry 4^ 3 % Cottonwood .4 3 Cypress 4 2 Cedar 4 3 Elm 4 3 Hickory 5 4% Holly 5 K 4M Lignum Vitse 9 8% Maple ...5 ^y 2 / Mahogany 5% 4^ Oak 5 4% Poplar 3% 2% Rosewood 8 6^ Sycamore 5 4 Sweet Gum 3% 2 ^ Walnut 4 J£ 3^ If manufacturers would be guided by in- structions given in this Annual, when load- ing for this market, their stock would reach here in the best marketable condition, and bring its full value. 22 Nos. 4 and 6 West \\th Street, N~ew York. GENERAL REMARKS. There is sometimes considerable grumbling indulged in by mill-men, who claim that the results from the lumber shipped to this point did not meet their anticipations. The fault lies largely with the shipper him- self. The grading here is very definite, and can be easily understood by any lumberman who will study tha rules as laid down in my Annual. If they are more severe than or- dinary mill inspection, lumber sold here sub- ject to that inspection will bring higher prices. Any mill-man who will ship in accordance with the rules, can, by referring to my monthly Price List and ascertaining the freight rate from his mill to this point, esti- mate very closely what his stock will net him f.o.b. cars at mill. Poplar boards always sell the best, after that two-inch then 1£ inch next \\ inch. Two- inch is used more in 14-foot length than any other ; the reason is, it is used largely for door frames and 14 foot lengths cut up without waste. A 10-foot length will make one side and a top, but if it is all 10-foot, the mill man has an extra top to every two lengths, so 14- foot is by all odds the better length to cut. In squares, 5x5 and 6x6 are the best sizes, and lengths should not be less than 12 feet. 23 C. G. Horton, Wholesale Lumber Broker. HOW IT SHOULD BE DONE. Take a fair lot of Walnut Logs and saw them to the best advantage. Select out the Counter Tops. Throw aside all Mill Culls, and, after assorting the stock over and taking out the Culls, you will then have a fine lot of Firsts and Seconds which will contain much desirable lumber, and meet with ready- sale at highest market prices. HOW IT IS DONE. The manufacturer first picks out the Coun- ter Tops, then selects out all the 10 in. and over wide clear stock. About this time, he says to his man Fri- day : "Put the balance of this stock on cars and report to me." Friday reports that he has five cars loaded, whereupon the mill man writes about as fol- lows : Mr. C. G. Horton. I have shipped you this day 5 cars Firsts and Seconds Dry Walnut. I think it will run at Jeast 75$ clear, and balance good Sec- onds, and ought to bring the highest market prices. Yours Truly, N. O. T. Truthful. 24 LIGHTERAGE FREE. Shippers are requested to see that all railroad companies insert the words "Lighterage Free'' in all bills of lading, as it enables me to move stock, after it arrives here, to any yard in this and adjacent citiee without extra cost above the regular freight rates. Suggestions to Shippers. It is always bret to notify me before you ship, saying what you intend to send, and receive my advice about assorting so as to best meet the needs of the different branches of the trade. It will save the trouble and re- handling here, and facilitate < verything con- nected with consignments. Always send me hills of lading, railroad receipts, memorandums and tallies in full on the day of loading. When consigning car-loads of lumber to me have the Bill of Lading read thus : C. G. HORTON, 4 and 6 West 14th Street, NEW YORK CITY. Without Breaking Bulk ) Lighterage Free. J" The stock will then arrive in the same con- dition as loaded by the shipper. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS pONSIGNMENTJ 017 110 993 • Vv be sold at the highest market price lor cash, and quick returns made for the same less 5 per cent, brokerage. In soliciting consignments, I wish to direct the attention of manufacturers and others having tegs and lumber for sale to the follow- ing facts : I sell to the lumber trade only, and solicit or- ders only from reliable parties. I have constant demands for lumber from exporters and city dealers, and am prepared to dispose of large quantities of stock of all kinds, grades and dimensions. Long experience and personal acquaintance with all the dealers in the city and vicinity, enable me to leadily dispose of stock, knowing well the quantity, quality and grades required by each individual firm for their especial line of trade. Manufacturers. Manufacturers who place their business in my hands, will not only save the salary cf a traveling salesman, but secure the services of a permanent representative in this market, who will make no bad accounts, or allow stock to re- main on docks and in storage, until the prolit is all eaten up by extra expense. Information. Any information relative to the condition or demands of the lumber trade in any .of its branches, will be cheerfully and promptly fur- nished by C. G. HORTON. Wholesale Lumber Broker, Nos. 4 and 6 West 14th St., New York.