1-lM Bunk: . ft 1 hi H Copyright W fUFi'KlCIIT ttLPUSN'. GUIDE TO THEydTY OF BALTIMORE, BY J! H. "HOLLANDER, A. B. JOHNS HOI'KINS UNIVFRSITY. 1893 JOHN MURPHY AND COMPANY BALTIMORE Copyright, 1893, by t ohn Murphy & Co. CONTENTS. Pagk. I. — The Visitor in Baltimore, 7 II. — Situation and Arrangement, 17 III. — The History of the City, ----- 23 IV. — Municipal Institutions, - 28 V. — Courts and Penal Institutions, - - - - 36 V 1.— Post-office and Custom House,- 42 VII. — Trade and Commerce, ---._. 43 VIII. — Manufactures and Industries, - 57 IX. — Educational Institutions, - - - - - 60 X. — Art and Science, §9 -XI. — Charitable and Humane Institutions, - 106 XII.— Churches and Religious Organizations, - - 118 XIII. — Clubs and Societies, 131 XIV.— Parks and Squares, ----_. 147 XV. — Monuments and Architecture, - 154 XVI. — Markets and Wharves, - 168 XVII. — Military Defenses and Militia, - 174 XVIII. — Objects of Historic Interest, - 181 Appendix, - , Igg 3 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Opposite Page Washington Monument and its Environment,- - -14 28 44 70 The City Hall, - The Post-office, - - Johns Hopkins University— Administration Building, Johns Hopkins University— Plat of Buildings, - 74 Johns Hopkins University— Physical Laboratory, - 76 The Woman's College, - - 80 St. Mary's Seminary, - - Enoch Pratt Library, - " 104 Johns Hopkins Hospital— General View, - 108 Johns Hopkins Hospital— Plat of Buildings, - - - HO 120 The Cathedral, - Emanuel P. E. Church, " 122 1 oo The Maryland Club, - AOw Views in Mt. Vernon Place, - - 152 The Battle Monument, - - 5 PREFATORY NOTE. In the preparation of the following pages, much assistance has been derived from personal interviews, from descriptive articles in the local press, ana from statements by the heads of many of the institutions described. The character of the work has throughout prevented that acknowledgment of indebtedness which is here gratefully made. I. THE VISITOR IN BALTIMORE. ARRIVAL. — The scene of the visitor's introduction to Baltimore will probably be Union Station, on North Charles street, or Camden Station, on Camden near Howard streets. These are respectively the local terminals of the Pennsylvania Railroad and of the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad. Into Union Station run also the trains of the Northern Central, the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore, the Baltimore and Potomac, and the Western Maryland Railroads. The Western Maryland has its main depot on Hillen street, and inner stations on Pennsylvania and on Fulton avenues. The station of the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad, a narrow- guage road coming from Long Green, Belair, and York, Pa., is on North avenue. The Northern Central has an independent station on Calvert street. The city is also reached from the towns of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and from Philadelphia, Boston and Savannah by numerous steamboat lines, whose wharves line Light street and the adjacent water-front. The docks of the European steamers are on Locust Point, which is connected by ferry with the foot of Broadway. 7 8 Guide to the Oity of Baltimore. CONVEYANCES. — The street car system of Balti- more has by recent development become one of the best equipped and most extensive in the country, affording quick and easy access to every section of the city. A uniform fare of five cents for adult persons and three cents for children prevails. A full schedule of routes is found in the Appendix, but a polite inquiry from the first policeman encountered will always secure the quick- est and best route. Hansom cabs, coupes and carriages meet all important trains at the depots and wait at appointed stands in various sections of the city. They can be readily sum- moned from the central office by a telephone call from the nearest drug store. The tariff of rates is regulated by the Board of Police Commissioners, and will be found in the Appendix. It is ordinarily posted inside the con- veyance. The safer plan is to make terms before engaging the vehicle. In case of disagreement, apply to a police- man, or, if none is in reach, ask to be driven to the nearest police station. If cabby is in the wrong, this will ordinarily bring him to terms. HOTELS. — Hotejl Rennert, corner of Saratoga and Liberty streets, is a large and finely appointed house, in the centre of the city. A few squares above is the St. James, corner of Charles and Centre streets, well kept and within a stone's throw of the Peabody Institute, Johns Hopkins University and Walters' Art Gallery. Near-by is the Mount Vernon, on Monument street, within a few steps of Mt. Vernon Place. The Ai/ta- mont is the newest of the large hotels, and is located on Eutaw Place and Lanvale street. All of the above are The Visitor in Baltimore. 9 conducted on the European plan. On the American plan are the Carrollton, corner of German and Light streets, with its historic associations and well earned repu- tation ; the Albion, finely located on Read and Cathe- dral streets; the Eutaw House, corner of Baltimore and Eutaw streets ; the Howard House, on Howard above Baltimore streets, and the Maltby House, on Pratt near Light streets. The Imperial Hotel is a new and well equipped house on Monument Square, conducted on both American and European plans. The Shirley, on Madison street and Park avenue ; the Brexton, on Park avenue near Biddle street ; the Langham, corner Charles and Centre streets, and the Avon, 609 North Calvert street, are pleasant family hotels. Boarding and lodging can be secured in private dwell- ings at moderate rates in almost every section of the city. The most convenient way is to consult the adver- tisement columns of a morning newspaper. A directory of eligible houses is kept at the rooms of both the Young Men's Christian Association, corner Charles and Saratoga streets, and the Young Women's Christian Association, corner Liberty and Barnet streets. A list of homes adapted to the needs of students can be consulted in the Registrar's office of the Johns Hopkins University. RESTAURANTS. — Rennert's, corner Saratoga and Liberty streets ; the Woman's Industrial Exchange, corner Charles and Pleasant streets ; St. James, corner of Charles and Centre streets ; Ditch's, corner North avenue and Charles street, and Marshall's, corner of Calvert and German streets, are for both ladies and gentlemen. For gentlemen, in addition to the above, 10 Guide to the Cih of Baltimore :uv:i;kiin House, Pratt near Charles streets ; Muixtn's, Liberty above Baltimore streets, and Keiay's, North Eutaw near Baltimore streets. Lunch rooms and coffee houses, where dairy lunches and light refreshments ran be obtained, are found in num- bers on Baltimore street, PLACES OF ami si:>ii vr. -The Lyceum, on North Charles street, is a finely appointed theatre with strong attractions, The Alcademi of Music, with its well -selected bill and moderate scale of prices, is a favorite resort. Ford's Opera House, on Payette near Eutaw streets, is under the management of John l\ Ford, whose experience runs far baok into the history ol the American Hoixidat Street Theatre, opposite the City Hall, provides for the varied tastes of the eastern section oftheoity. Hie Monumental, on East Baltimore street, immediately beyond the Falls, is devoted to the variety and vaudeville sia^v, and the A.uditorium, on North Howard street, to the melodrama, From an historical standpoint, the most interesting oi Baltimore s theatres is the Front Street, no\> devoted to tragedy of the blood ami thunder type, During the winter season, the Peabody Institute has a regular course of concerts and recitals and oi semi-weekly lectures. Other amusements ami entertainments are pro- vided from time to time, ana can readily ho Pound upon reference to the newspaper columns. Heading-rooms accessible to the visitor upon request are i tin 1 Peabooi hsnii n, the I.noi u Pratt Frkk IjIkkary, on Mulberry near Cathedral snoots; the Nrw HIsrcantiu Library, on Charles near Saratoga streets; the Mart- The Visitor in Baltimore II i vm> Historical Society, Saratoga and St, Paul streets; Voim; Men's Christian Association! oorner Charles and Saratoga streets; and the Maryland Institute Libraryi on Baltimore and Harrison Btreets. Both the Peabody [nstitute and the Maryland contain art collections, open to the public'. During Lent, Mr. William T, Walters throws open his matohless An Gal- leries, a nominal admission fee being charged For the benefit of the Poor Association. Paintings, etchings and articles of vertn in general can beseenat the rooms oi the Decorative Art Society, 315 North Charles street ; at Bend Ann's, LOG East Baltimore street, and a1 [Myers am> Hedian, -l I North Charles street. \ WEEK'S VISIT ITINERARY. -Itisdifficult to prescribe one general plan of sight seeing where so much is dependent upon the individual tastes and leisure of the visitor, The following schedule is, however, sug- gested as embracing the points of chiei interest, accessi- ble in tlu* course of a limited sojourn. Each excursion is designed to occupy an entire day, and can be varied as inclination or necessity may dictate. Washington Mon- ument is the common starting point of the excursions. First Day*- A tour of the oity, Study the map of thecitj carefully and secure a general view oi itsarrange- ment, suburbs and harbor from some commanding point, such as the top of Hotel Rennert, tlu> Aitamont, or Washington Monument. Starting out Prom the Last named point, walk out Mi. Vernon Place and Monu- ment street to Eutaw street. Take the Madison avenue cable car here and ride out to North avenue. Walk over to Eutaw Place ami down through the squares to 12 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Dolphin street. Return as far as McMeehen street and turn eastward to Charles street. Take the Blue Line car and ride south to Calvert and Lexington streets. See Battle Monument, and visit Court Buildings, Post-office, Equitable Building, Law Building and City Hall. Go down North street to Baltimore, thence walk west to Eutaw and to starting point. In the afternoon visit the shopping and retail centre of the city. Start out as before; but proceed down Charles street to Lexington, then slowly westward with the busy stream of shoppers to Eutaw street. Turn down a square to Fayette street, then further westward for two squares to Westminster Church, where lie the remains of Edgar Allen Poe. Turn up to Lexington street, and, particu- larly if on Saturday afternoon, walk eastward through Lexington Market to Eutaw street, then north to Monu- ment street and starting point. Second Day. — Visit the Peabody Institute, — library and art collection. Walk over to the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity and visit the administration building, library build- ing, chemical laboratory, biological laboratory, Levering Hall, gymnasium and physical laboratory in the order named. A guide will be provided upon application at the registrar's office. Continue down Howard to Mul- berry streets, then to the Enoch Pratt Free Library. Visit the Cathedral immediately beyond. At the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets is the Y. M. C. A. build- ing, and a few steps below is the Maryland Historical Society, with its interesting collections and galleries. In the afternoon take the Maryland avenue or Charles street cars, and visit the buildings of the Woman's College. > — t— I- a H O A z a C b Ki J/: o — The Visitor in Baltimore. 13 Third Day.— Walk across to Eutaw street and take the Madison avenue cable car to Druid Hill Park. Ride to the Mansion House in a phaeton. Stroll about the park, visiting the Maryland House, the zoological collection, sea lions, boat lake, dromedaries, ending up at the Druid Hill avenue entrance. Walk down a square to the Traction power-house. Take the Gilmor street cable car and ride through the city to Patterson Park. Harlem Park, Franklin Square and the City Springs are passed on the way. In the afternoon take the Aisquith or Centre street cars to the Johns Hopkins. Hospital. The institu- tion is regularly open to visitors on Wednesday afternoon from 3 to 5. Fourth Day.— Walk down Charles street to Pratt, thence east to Light. Stroll along the wharves to Marsh Market Space. Return here to Baltimore street and take the Broadway cable car. Ride to the terminus and visit some of the large industries, canning factories, fruit ex- changes, stove foundries, dry docks, pottery works in the neighborhood. Take the ferry at the foot of Broadway and cross the harbor to Locust Point. Here are the tide- water terminals and grain elevators of the B. & O. Rail- road. Visit the emigrant offices, the foreign steamers near-by, and the Columbian Iron Works. In the after- noon, if possible, visit Walters' Art Gallery. 1 Should this be closed, take the alternate of the following day's afternoon excursion. 1 The Gallery is usually open to the public, at a nominal fee, every Wednesday in February and March, and Wednesdays and Saturdays in April; also on February 22 and Easter Monday. Admission fee fifty cents. 1 I Guide to the City of Baltimore. Fifth Day. — Visit the extensive plant of the Penn- sylvania Steel Co. at Sparrow's Point. Trains leave the Northern Central Railroad Station on Calvert street every half hour. In the afternoon take the Calvert street car and ride south to Montgomery street. Visit Federal Mill with its fine view of the harbor and shipping. He-enter the car and continue south to Ferry Bar, a favorite 1 water resort of the city. Take the electric ear here for Curtis Bay, a growing industrial suburb, with sugar refinery, and extensive iron and machine works. Sixth Day. — Exchange from the Traction cable oar, at the corner of Paca and Fayette streets, to the line running south, and ride to the very gate of Fort McHenry. Here a very delightful morning can be spent. In the afternoon, if the season is favorable, take one of the many excur- sion steamers on Light street for a trip down the bay. Otherwise the morning's excursion can be so arranged as to take a noon train for Annapolis, the State's capital, where visits may be made to the U. S. Naval Academy, the State House, the Governor's Mansion and sonic of the finest specimens of colonial architec- ture in the country, as the Chase, Scott, Harwood, Ririout and Brice houses. Seventh Day. — Take the electric car at the Druid Hill Park terminus of the Traction cable line and ride to Pikesville, a suburb of the city. Visit the old Arsenal, now used as a Confederate Soldiers' Home. If preferred, take a Northern Central train at Calvert Station for Wood- berry, a little town bust lino- with industrial activity, of which a bird's-eye view can be obtained from Prospect Hill in Druid Hill Park. A train may also be taken at The Visitor in Baltimore. 15 the Baltimore and Lehigh Station on North avenue for pic- turesque Loch Raven, whence the city draws a part of its water supply. The afternoon can be enjoyably spent in a suburban drive. Ride out Eutaw Place to Druid Hill Park, about the Park, thence out Roland avenue or Green Spring avenue to Lake Roland, to Charles street avenue, returning by the Park and Mount Royal avenue. Innumerable other places of interest, many of which will be hereafter described in some detail, might be added. Of especial interest are the McDonogh School, the Wilson Sanitarium, the machine and car shops of the B. & O. Railroad at Mount Clare, St. Mary's Seminary, the Shep- pard Asylum, Maryland Penitentiary, Greenmount Ceme- tery, and the Manual Training School. Some of these are at all times open for public inspection. Others have special occasions designated for the reception of visitors, to which, if at all possible, it is desirable to conform. Where such is however not the case, a courteous request made at headquarters will ordinarily secure access for the appreciative visitor. u * * * * In these blessed bounds of Baltimore, — Here, where the climates meet * * * * * * * Where Florida's soft Favonian airs beguile The nipping North, — where nature's powers smile, — Where Chesapeake holds frankly forth her hands Spread wide with invitation to all lands, — Where now the eager people yearn to find The organizing hand that fast may bind 16 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Loose straws of aimless aspiration fain In sheaves of serviceable grain, — Here, old and new in one, Through nobler cycles round a richer sun O'er-rule our modern ways, O blest Minerva of these larger days ! " Sidney Lanier — Ode to the Johns Hopkins University, II. SITUATION AND ARRANGEMENT. SITUATION — Baltimore, the metropolis of Mary- land, and the seventh city in point of population in the United States, is situated on the Patapsco River at the head of tide water and navigation, about 14 miles from Chesa- peake Bay. Its precise location is, Latitude: 39° 17', North ; Longitude : 76° 37' (West from Greenwich). It is 204 miles distant, by ship channel, from the Atlantic, 39 miles from Washington, 97 miles from Philadelphia, 184 miles from New York, and 420 miles from Boston. The city extends about 4J miles from East to West, and 3 J miles from North to South, covering an area of 31 J square miles or about 20,160 acres. POPULATION.— The eleventh census of the United States gives the total population of Baltimore City as 434,439 persons. Of this number 206,114 are males, and 228,325 are females. 365,436 are native born and 69,003 are foreign born. The total number of whites is 367, 1 43, and of colored 67,296. Of the whites, 298,567 are native born; 68,576 are foreign. 186,625 of the native whites have native parents and 111,942 have foreign parents. 248,342 persons are twenty-one years of age and over, of which number 116,658 are males and 131,684 are females. 2 17 18 Guide to the City of Baltimore. The police census of 1890 gave a total population of 455,427, of which 384,394 were white and 77,033 were colored. TOPOGRAPHY.— The city of Baltimore owes the characteristic features of its surrounding to the fact that it is situated — in common with other great centers of the Atlantic border, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, and Richmond — at the junction of the plateau of old crystalline rocks and the overlying beds of younger and still unconsolidated formations which stretch out toward the east, as the Coastal plain. This line marks the head of tide- water navigation and the beginning of water power, and has therefore been instrumental in fixing the seats of large settlements. The crystalline plateau slopes gently from the crest of Parr's Ridge in Maryland (800 ft.) toward the Chesapeake. The surface of this plateau is quite even with a mild southeast inclination, but its character is disguised by its being dissected by the narrow channels of numerous streams. These tend to give it a broken and rolling appearance, the real significance of which is not at first glance apparent. The immediate vicinity of Baltimore, and even the Cxty itself, is well calculated to illustrate this topographic character. The hills are composed within the city of the younger sands and gravels which are cut through by such streams, as Herring's Run, Jones' and Gwynn's Falls, and the Patapsco River which expose the underlying crystalline rocks. To the north and west of the city, the overlying capping rapidly thins out and disappears, while to the south and east it thickens and entirely conceals the old floor upon which it rests. Situation and Arrangement. 19 GEOLOGY. — The geology of the environs of Balti- more is of unusual variety and interest. Within the limits of the State of Maryland are found representatives of all the more important epochs of the earth's history. The oldest strata occur in and near the city in the form of highly crystalline rocks (gneiss, marble, quartzite, etc.) which are entirely devoid of organic remains. They have been intersected in very ancient times by many kinds of igneous rocks. Toward the west the rocks become less crystalline, and near Frederick the first fossils make their appearance. These are of an archaic type (Silurian) and beyond nearly the entire sequence of palaeozoic strata, all rich in fossils, is developed in the Appalachians. The next geological period (the Trias or beginning of the Mesozoic epoch) is represented in the red sandstone of the Frederick valley, while all succeeding ages have left their record in the accumulations of sand, clay and gravel, which stretch eastward from Baltimore, surrounding the Chesapeake and forming the "Eastern Shore." Baltimore itself is situated just at the inner edge of these later deposits, where they begin to lap over and conceal the ancient crystalline rocks. This boundary is J very irregular because the covering is so thin that the streams cut through it and reveal the hard rocks in their beds. Short excursions may be made from the city in the course of which a variety of geology may be seen. The old gneisses are admirably displayed in the quarries on Jones' Falls opposite Druid Hill Park. The eruptive rocks may be seen on the Western Maryland Railroad jron the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the Patapsco 20 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Valley. The younger Jura-cretaceous clays are exposed on all the lines from Baltimore to Washington. 1 METEOROLOGY. — The climate of Baltimore is temperate and bracing, removed alike from the bitter cold and enervating heat of more extreme latitudes. The mean temperature for 1891 was 55.5 degrees, 1.1 degree lower than that of 1890. The highest tempera- ture, 94.0 degrees, occurred August 11th; lowest, 16.0 degrees on March 2nd, being the range of 78.0 degrees. Rain or snow fell upon 143 days to the amount of 54.21 inches. During the preceding year 46.96 inches fell. The greatest atmospheric pressure, 30.63 inches, occurred on November 19th ; the least 29.07 inches, on January 11th, being a range of 1.56 inches. The mean was 29.90. The mean relative humidity was 72.0 per cent. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.— The city is roughly divided into two nearly equal parts by a small stream, Jones' Falls, which rises twenty miles to the north and flows entirely through the city. It is crossed by elegantly built bridges and is confined by massive granite walls. That part of the city north-east of the stream is known as Old Town and practically represents the original cor- porate limits. FelPs Point and Canton are respectively the south and south-east ends of this section, and find their activity in the wharves, factories and canneries that line the water's edge. The south-western section pre- 1 Those desiring further information relative to the Geology of Baltimore and Maryland, will find it in a paper by Prof. G. H. Williams, in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 2, 1890 ; or in the hand-book prepared for the American Institute of Mining Engineers, February, 1892. Situation and Arrangement. 21 sents the darker aspect of the city's life, and is chiefly occupied by foreigners. Continuing northward, one meets Gay street, a bustling active thoroughfare lined with retail stores of all kinds that minister to the varied wants of a large part of this district. Further to the north, east, and north-east, stretches square after square of neat, comfortable brick dwellings, occupied and in many cases owned by artisans and bread-winners of even moderate means, a characteristic that has justly given Baltimore rank as pre-eminently, "a city of homes." Taking up the section west of the Falls, Locust Point is first to be noted — an irregular strip extending to the south-east, with innumerable wharves, railroad terminals, and grain elevators, tipped at the very extremity by Fort McHenry. The south-western corner is Spring Garden and here again the social picture shades off into darker tints. Beginning at the water's edge on Pratt street, which forms the extreme northern limit of the Harbor, is the wholesale business section with its massive ware- houses and concentrated mercantile life. A little beyond is Baltimore street, the chief latitudinal thoroughfare. Further on, and widening out a little to the west are situated the great retail establishments and shopping thoroughfares, while beyond and extending half way to the northern limits are found the fashionable dwelling sections and promenades of the city. The great body of citizens, from which Baltimore draws its strength and prosperity, occupies the north-western and northern sec- tions, with the same outer border of cheerful, comfortable dwellings. Houses are numbered on the decimal plan, 22 Guide to the (My of Pxtltimore. running north and south from Baltimore street and cast and wesl from Charles street. STATISTICAL. — The municipal indebtedness of Baltimore is $3 t,807,750.95, or $76.42 per capita. The total assessed valuation of property is $280,000,000, or $615 per eapita. The tax levy for 1892 was $1.55 per $100. III. THE HISTORY OF THE CITY. The historic beginnings of Baltimore lack the tradi- tional haze of obscurity associated with the foundation of great cities. The proprietary government of Maryland emerged from the era of troublous times, and entered upon the path of future growth and development towards the close of the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Commerce expanded, population increased and settlements rapidly extended to the northward. It was not long before the need of a port near the head of the Chesapeake Bay began to be felt, and attention to be directed to a remarkable site on the north side of the Patapsco River, offering easy access and safe harbor to vessels of large size, at a distance of but fourteen miles from the waters of the Bay. On the 14th of July, 1729, a petition signed by the leading men of Baltimore County was presented in the Provincial Assembly, praying for the erection of a town at this point. Three weeks later, a bill to the same effect was passed and the history of Baltimore City had begun. The early life of the settlement was an unequal race for supremacy in trade with older towns of the prov- ince — Joppa, the county seat, Elkridge Landing, and Annapolis. 23 24 Guide to the City of Baltimore. A rough sketch, still extant, of Baltimore as it was in 1752, shows a scattered settlement of twenty-seven struct- ures, one of which is a church, two are taverns and four built of brick exported from England. The entire popu- lation of the town numbered 200 persons, including slaves and servants. But it is pre-eminently in the struggle for commercial existence that the fittest survives, and Baltimore with a magnificent harbor, numerous mill streams and rich iron deposits, soon forged ahead of the river points with their rude landings and less opportunity for developing and being developed by the Bay trade. The issue of the contest was foregone. It reached its culmination in 1768 when the privileges and dignities of County Town — a court house and a prison, were trans- ferred from Joppa to Baltimore. During the next dozen years, Baltimore steadily increased in size and activity. Little as the policy of the Proprietary was designed to aid development, the area of the town expanded, enor- mously. Population increased from 200 in 1752 to 6,755 in 1775, and commercial growth was hardly less striking. The history of Baltimore immediately preceding and during the Revolutionary War forms a familiar chapter in our national history. As early as May, 1769, the city entered into "the non-importation agreement." The in- telligence of the closure of the Boston Port provoked warm resolutions of sympathy and support, and even steps towards military defence. From Baltimore largely came the zeal and energy with which Maryland entered into the War of Independence, and which has made the valor of the Maryland Line immortal. During tta The History of the City. 25 entire course of conflict the same unflinching patriotism and burning enthusiasm never faltered. The events of the War interrupted foreign commerce and cut off all continental supplies ; but it stimulated local manufactures and shipping, and indirectly prepared the way for a period of remarkable commercial activity and prosperity, that followed the final suspension of hostilities in 1783. Continental wars and colonial revo- lutions increased the European demand for American staples. Export trade in the products of Maryland, tobacco, flour, wheat and corn, was diverted from the hands of British and Dutch agents and concentrated in Baltimore. Local merchants soon began to engage in carrying trade, and "Baltimore clippers" became famous throughout the world. For many years these "skimmers of the sea," able to sail within four and a half points of the wind, were the fleetest craft upon the seas. More than any other single cause, they contributed to the early commercial development of Baltimore. The growth of Baltimore, from the close of the War up to 1820, when its population numbered 62,738, as against 46,555 in 1810, and about 13,000 in 1790, was chronicled by Jared Sparks as " unequalled in the history of cities." Daring blockade-running and indirect ship- ments enabled her merchants to retain possession of a large portion of foreign commerce even during the War of 1812. The city was attacked by land and water, but in each case successfully defended. During the latter assault, a patriotic Marylander, while detained on board a British vessel, composed our national anthem, " The Star Spangled Banner." 26 Guide to the OUy of Baltimore. The events of the next half century concern only the annalist. Steady growth and development, inter- rupted by the great events in our national life sum- marize them. Baltimore suffered keenly from the progress of the Civil War. Maryland was a border State and not only experienced the evils of an exposed frontier throughout, but became the actual scene of conflict during the Con- federate invasion of 1863. A mob attack upon a Massa- chusetts regiment in its passage through the city on April l!>, 1861, inflamed the country, and led to the occupa- tion of the city and vicinity by the National Government. Commerce with the South was completely cut off and Western trade paralyzed. But if the earlier story of Baltimore is familiar, certainly the events in its more recent history need no recital. The city which the four years of strife left listless and despondent has grown, first by slow steady growth, then by mighty bounds, into a great centre, whose present prosperity is but an earnest of its future development. What the causes of this are it is not difficult to see. Geographical position and railroad connection give it special advantages as an outlet for Southern and Western products. Interior situation makes it a favorable port of entry for foreign imports. Cheap living, low rents, skilled labor, exemption of plants from taxation, invite manufacturing industries of all kinds, while 1 the adjacent coal fields, iron beds, marble quarries of the state, the inexhaustible riches of the Chesapeake unfold a vista (A' wealth ami prosperity, before which even sober historical thought is tempted to become prophetic. The History of the City. 27 Aside from material inducements, Baltimore is pre- eminently a pleasant place to live in. Not only is its climate temperate and invigorating, but the peculiar topographical arrangement of the region facilitates natural drainage and renders the city as healthful as picturesque. Municipal improvements have kepi pace with advancing civilization. .Just as Baltimore was the first city in the United States to be illuminated by gas, the first to aid the construction of a railroad, and the first to be connected with the outside world by electric telegraph, so now its water supply is unequalled in magnitude and purity, its parks and squares tar-famed for natural beauty, and its police and fire departments of rare completeness and efficiency. Much has been written of the warmth of Baltimore social life. The elements that constitute it evade analysis; but there is everywhere felt a character- istic spirit of heartiness and fellowship, that raises Mary- land hospitality to the same pre-eminence as the beauty of its women and the excellence of its bay products. IV. MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. GOVERNMENT. — The municipal government of Baltimore is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council of two branches, chosen from the twenty- two wards into which the city is divided, and possessing the usual authority of municipal corporations. The first branch consists of twenty-two members, one from each ward, chosen annually ; the second, of eleven members, one from every two wards, elected biennially. The mayor possesses a veto power, to override which a three- fourths vote of the council is necessary. The important departments of the city government are : a Tax Depart- ment, under a City Collector, appointed biennially, together with an Appeal Tax Court, consisting of three judges and subordinates, to assess property unreturned, and to make alterations in assessments on appeal or as they may deem proper ; a Register's Office, in charge of the moneys and securities of the corporation ; and a Comptroller's Office, performing the usual duties of such a department. The public debt of the city, its invest- ments and finances in general, are in the care of a Department of Finance, consisting of the mayor and two citizens, appointed by him and serving without salary. A Law Department, consisting of a City Counselor, a 28 Municipal Institutions. 29 City Solicitor, an Examiner of Titles and a City Attorney, have charge of all municipal litigation, and act as a bureau of legal advice. The paving of streets, the repair and construction of sewers is in the hands of a City Commissioner with assistants, appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the city council. The titles, Inspector of Public Buildings, Commissioners for Open- ing Streets, Commissioners of Street Cleaning, Harbor Board, Park Commission, Water Department, School Board, and Board of Fire Commissioners, sufficiently indicate the scope of other departments of municipal service. CITY HALL. — The various departments and bureaus of the municipal government are gathered together in the City Hall, a beautiful and imposing structure of white marble, located in the central section of the city. It is a striking specimen of Renaissance architecture, and occupies the entire block bounded by Holliday, North, Fayette and Lexington streets, covering an area of 30,552 square feet. The edifice w r as constructed by a series of municipal ordinances, the first of which was passed in May, 1866, and all of which were ratified by popular vote. It was completed in October, 1875, at a total cost of $2,375,400.41. The general arrangement of the building consists of a centre structure four stories high, and two connected lateral wings three stories high, the centre finishing with pediments, the others with mansard roofs. The different fronts are well broken and relieved, yet the general character of the work is strong and well defined. The centre structure is surmounted by a lofty iron dome, 30 Qmde to the (My of Baltimore. resting upon :i graceful marble base. The total distance of the dome from the ground is 227 feet. A>bove the projecting balcony, from which an admirable view of the city is afforded, haugs t ho town bell, " Big Sam," weigh- ing 5,000 pounds, ami striking the hours and fire alarms by elect rical connection. The building contains L02 rooms, well lighted and ventilated, and accommodates all the departments of city government. In the basement are located the Water Department, Enspector of Buildings, Board of Police, Board of Health, City Commissioners, Superintendent oi' Lamps and Lighting, Tort Warden and Fire Depart- ment. The first floor proper contains the offices of the Mayor, City Register, Citv Comptroller, City Counselor, Commissioner of Parks, Harbor Board, Superintendent of Public Schools, Finance Board and Tax Department. Along the entire Lexington street front runs a Large reception room, used upon important municipal and State occasions. On the second floor are situated the City Library, with its several thousand volumes of municipal and public documents, the chambers of the two Branches of the City Council, which are richly furnished in hard wood, together with various Com- mittee Rooms. In the mansard rooms are stored the municipal archives of a century. The building may be entered from any side. The main approach is, however, on Holliday street, and con- sists of a striking portico, with classic columns and capitals, surmounted by a spacious balcony, FIRE DEPARTMENT. — Trior to 1858, numerous volunteer fire and hose companies provided protection Municipal Institutions. 31 againsl conflagrations. The well-known <\ ils of the system led to its abolition in the latter part of that year, and the establishment instead of a paid department. As now organized, the Baltimore Fire Department is under the control of a Board of Fire Commissioners, consisting of three citizens, with the mayor as a member ex officio. This Board is vested with power ample enough to main- lain the efficiency of the deparl ment. The working (nice of the department is divided into two groups. The one eonsisls of men always on duty; the other of I hose who, while required to be al the engine house during the night, are permitted to pursue other occupations during the day, when their services are no1 here required. If a fireman loses his life while on duty, his family receive the sum of $500 from the city, together with an insurance of $500, effected and maintained by the Board of ( Jommissioners. The equipment of the department eonsisls of L5 engine companies, I fire boat, 9 hook and ladder companies, and 7 chemical engine companies. The force employed com- prises 233 permanent members and 51 call members. A visit may at any time be made to one of the numer- ous engine houses of the city, where those in charge are always willing to show (he " machine" and its appendages (o appreciative persons. Should the visitor be fortunate enough to he presenl when an alarm of fire is received, (he experience is thrilling enough to make up for the scant courtesy received in the midst of the attendant rush and excitement. The Salva<;j': Corps of Baltimore has no direel con- ncetion with the regular Fire Department, but actively 32 Guide to the City of Baltimore. cooperates with it, and forms an important agency in fire protection. It is sustained by the local board of under- writers, and is equipped with special appliances for the rescue and subsequent protection of endangered property. POLICE DEPARTMENT.— The present police sys- tem of the city dates from I860, when, by an act of the State Legislature, the force was removed from the control of the municipal officials and vested in a Board of Police Commissioners, consisting of "three sober and discreet persons, who shall have been residents of the city of Bal- timore for five consecutive years next preceding the day of their election.' 7 They are appointed by the State Legislature, one at each biennial session, for a term of six years, and possess greater powers than any other muni- cipal board. They give bond in the penalty of $10,000 each, and receive a salary of S3, 500 per annum. They maintain order in all elections, and exercise final control over all matters relating to the protection of the property and persons of citizens. To the judicious and conscien- tious exercise of this almost unqualified power, the present high character and efficiency of the force is due. More, perhaps, than in any other large city in the United States are Baltimore policemen men of courtesy, courage and sobriety. The visitor finds nothing more striking than the entire absence of that disgusting insolence which actual experience, hardly less than familiar tradition, associates with the pseudo-guardians of so many of our large cities. The force proper consists of a Marshal, a Deputy Mar- shal, 8 Captains, 16 Lieutenants, 10 Detectives, 84 Ser- geants and 640 Patrolmen. These are distributed amoug Municipal Institutions. 33 the seven districts into which the city is divided for con- stabulary purposes. Each district has its own Station 1 Inline, a strong building of brick with stone trimmings, from which squads arc marched and to which arrests are brought. These buildings are each under the charge of a captain, and arc at all times open to visitors. An im- portant auxiliary to the Police Department is the Police Alarm and Patrol System, consisting of a series of patrol wagons and of 232 electric telephone and call boxes, dis- tributed in the seven police districts and connected with a central station outfit at each of the respective station houses. The effect of this system is to keep the men on the posts in close communication with the officer in com- mand at the station house ; to relieve them within a few minutes by the use of the wagon of any prisoner or prisoners under arrest, and to insure the prompt trans- mission of all necessary information to the various station houses. The outlying and sparsely sections of the city are patroled by a mounted force. The harbor is pro- tected by a steam police Patrol Boat. WATER SUPPLY.— The sources of supply are among the largest and finest in the country. The water is of the purest quality, and calculated to be sufficient for a population of over a million. It is derived from two sources, the Gunpowder River and Jones' Falls. There are six reservoirs in the system, and over 200 miles of pipes run beneath the streets of the city, supplying about 50,000 houses, 1,000 hydrants, and 15,000 baths and special needs. The total cost of the two systems was about $10,000,000, and their daily capacity is about 165 millions of gallons. To this must be added the sum 3 34 Guide to the C% of Baltimore. total of all the reservoirs and aqueducts of the system, or more than 3 billions of gallons additional. The Gunpowder system centres about Loch Raven, a lake into which the streams of the river empty, about 4| miles in length, and from one hundred feet to eight hundred feet in width, and about 7 miles distant from Baltimore. A conduit tunnel, with an internal diameter of twelve feet and a fall of one foot to the mile, and ex- tending for half its course through hard rook requiring no arching, and where the drill had io be pushed by hand-drilling and dynamite-blasting, carries the supply to Lake Montedeixo, a receiving reservoir with a capacity of 500 millions of gallons. Lake Clifton, a storage reservoir, located just beyond the old city limits upon what was formerly a part o\' the Johns Hopkins estate, receives its supply oi' water by a conduit, built partly in tunnel and partly in open-cut, a distance of 5,410 feet. Six distributing mains, each forty inches in diameter, bring the water to the distributing mains in the city. The Jones' Falls supply embraces Lake Roland, 225 feet above tide, one and a half miles Long, with an aver- age width o( one-eighth oi' a mile and a water surface of 11() acres; a conduit four miles long j Hampden Reser- voir, 217 feet above tide, ami eight acres water surface; Druid Lake, in Druid Ilill Park, 217 feet above tide, with a depth of twenty to sixty-live i'voi, and surrounded by a beautiful drive of" one and a half miles ; High Ser- vice Reservoir, with a water surface o\' four acres; and Moiwt Royal Reservoir, 150 feet above tide, with a water surface 1 oi' four acres. Municipal Institutions. 35 HEALTH DEPARTMENT. — The sanitary regula- tion of the city is in the hands of a Commissioner of Health, appointed annually by the mayor and confirmed by the city council, and a subordinate force appointed by him. The scope of the department includes the cleaning of all sewers, the abatement of nuisances by order or legal process, the direction of a force of vaccine physi- cians, and indirect control of the quarantine of the city. Upon extraordinary occasions, as in the event of an epidemic, prevalent or threatened, the power of the de- partment is almost unlimited. An accurate mortuary register is maintained by a department of vital statistics, and weekly reports are issued. CITY MORGUE. — This is a neat two-story building of brick, with white trimmings, located at the foot of President street. It is fitted with administration office, autopsy room, and ice chests for the preservation of bodies. Other Departments of municipal service will be found in following pages under the titles, Courts and Penal Institutions, Parks and Squares, Public Schools. V. COURTS AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. Leaving Baltimore street at St. Paul, and walking northward to Lexington, the sightseer finds himself in the heart of one of the busiest sections of the city. On all sides neat gilt-lettered shingles, bustling clerks, and a subdued buzz of conversation, furnish unmistakable evidence that the majesty of the law is entirely about him. Up to within a few years ago, this section was one of the quaintest and best preserved in the city. Even now, although the straightening out of several adjacent streets, and the removal of historic rookeries to make way for fine office buildings has effected won- derful change, the district is full of interest, to the antiquarian no less than the philosopher, and fully repays the exertion of a leisurely stroll. BALTIMORE COURTS. — The courts of Baltimore are included in the eighth Judicial Circuit of the Judi- ciary of Maryland. They comprise a Supreme Bench, with a Chief Judge and five Associates, elected for a term of fifteen years. The Judges of the Supreme Bench are assigned to the following courts : Superior Court, Court of Common Pleas, Baltimore City Court, Circuit Court, Circuit Court No. 2, Criminal Court and Orphans' Court. The terms of the Equity Courts are the second Monday 36 Courts and Penal Institutions. 37 in January, March, May, July, September and November. The Criminal Court is open all year hearing cases from indictment. The remaining courts meet in January, May and September. The courthouses are a scries of venerable structures situated on the block bounded by Calvert, St. Paul and Lexington streets and Court House lane. They are sur- rounded by grass plats and enclosed by iron grating. A small but attractive building has been recently erected on the south side of Court House lane for the accommodation of Circuit Court No. 2. The original courthouse, a struc- ture of brick with stone trimmings, stands at the south- west corner of Calvert and Lexington street, opposite the post-office and facing Baltic Monument. It was erected in 1809, and although subsequent renovation and altera- tion have modernized its exterior, its interior is still strik- ingly archaic. On the ground floor are the offices of the Sheriff and of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. The main entrance is on Lexington street, and is reached by an iron flight of stairs to the first floor, where are located the Criminal Court, the Clerk of the Criminal Court, and the Grand Jury rooms. Above are the Superior Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and the well-equipped library of the Bar Association. A few steps above, at the corner of Lexington and St. Paul streets, stands the Record Office, containing also the Orphans' Court and the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court. It is a substantial building of granite, and is connected by rear exit and a paved walk with the older courthouse. The third structure, on St. Paul street, was originally a Masonic Hall. It was acquired by the city in 1867, and is now 38 Guide to the City of Baltimore. devoted to the uses of the Circuit Court, Baltimore City Court, and the Clerk of the latter body. Worn and weather-beaten, it still stands, with its striking portal and stately pillars, as a typical Temple of Justice. A new general Courthouse is one of the most urgent needs of Baltimore. Recently liberal provision has been made for the erection of a fine modern structure on the square bounded by Calvert, St. Paul, Lexington and Fayette streets. In the immediate vicinity of the courts proper are four handsome structures devoted to office purposes, the Law Building, at the corner of St. Paul and Lexington streets ; the Record Building, corner of St. Paul and Fayette streets ; the Equitable Building, corner of Calvert and Fayette streets; and the Fidelity Build- ing, corner of Charles and Lexington. These will be described in subsequent pages. PENAL INSTITUTIONS. BALTIMORE JAIL.. — The principal penal institu- tion of the city occupies six and a half acres of ground on Madison street and Jones' Falls. It is surrounded by a massive stone wall eleven feet high, and is built entirely of stone, brick and iron. The general plan of the build- ing has been described as a jail within a jail. A main hall extends through the centre of the structure, with an interior building running right and left. There are five tiers, containing in all some three hundred cells, eight by eleven by nine feet high in size, and each furnished with an iron cot, a table, chair and other conveniences. On Courts and Penal Institutions. 39 each side of the interior buildings is a space thirteen feet in width, extending from the cells to the outer wall of the main building. The basement of this space is used as a dining-room. The whole establishment is subjected to frequent flooding and washing from hose arranged for that purpose. The exit from the main hall opposite the entrance is by a flight of iron steps into the back yard of the jail, where are located the kitchen, the weaving shop, the engine and boiler room, the tin and blacksmith shop, and the laundry. The yard in front of the jail on the west is laid out in grass and flower plats. The residence of the Warden is a structure of block stone fronting on Madison street, and divided from the jail by the stone wall surrounding the latter. MARYLAND PENITENTIARY.— The Maryland Penitentiary was first opened for the reception of inmates in 1811. It has since been remodeled and reconstructed, and now occupies a series of massive buildings on Madi- son street, adjacent to the jail. The institution is designed for reformatory purposes, and the inmates are regularly engaged in manual work of some kind. The history of the industrial activity of the institution would form an interesting story. During its early years cotton and woolen goods were first manufactured. This was followed in turn by the manufacture of combs and brushes, boots and shoes, hats, spikes and nails, marble sawing, carpet weaving, basket making, and the manufac- ture of tin cans, cedar ware and cigars. In 1850 it was seen that the institution could not continue successfully in independent manufactures, and the labor of its inmates has since been disposed of by contract to manufacturers, 40 Guide to the City of Baltimore. for the most part of shoes, stoves and marble designs. The institution has been practically self-supporting since 1872, and in some years has had, after defraying all ex- penses, a not inconsiderable surplus. HOUSE OF CORRECTION.— This is a State insti- tution, which receives tramps, vagrants and petty offenders from Baltimore and the counties, upon court and magis- terial commitment. It is located near Jessup ? s Cut, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, about 16 miles from Baltimore. The buildings are of red brick, and are sur- rounded by an extensive farm, in the cultivation of which a portion of the several hundred inmates are engaged. The remaining labor of the institution is disposed of by con- tract, and at present is largely engaged in cane-seating. The institution is at all times open for inspection. BAY VIEW ASYLUM, or City Alms-House, is located on an extensive tract of land on the Eastern Ave- nue road, and occupies a series of buildings, consisting of wings and centre building, topped by a cupola which rises to a height of one hundred and eighty-four feet. The administration of the institution is vested in a board of seven trustees, appointed for a term of two years by the Mayor. They appoint all officers, and exercise full control over the management of the institution. Any sick or indigent person who has been a resident of Balti- more for six months is admitted on application to a ward trustee of the poor, or to the purveyor of the Asylum. Vagrants and tramps are committed here by justices of the peace and by the Criminal Court. The appropriation made by the city in 1892 for its support was $92,000, the cost per capita being about seventy-five dollars. Courts and Penal Institutions. 41 The City Insane Hospital forms an organic part of Bay View Asylum, insane paupers being admitted and committed in the same manner. The city also sends insane patients to the Maryland Hospital for the Insane and to Mount Hope Retreat. Delinquents are also sent to a number of institutions which receive appropriations from the city. Minors in general are committed to the Home of the Friendless, on Druid Hill avenue and Townsend street, or to the Henry Watson's Children Aid Society. Male minors and incor- rigibles are sent to the House of Refuge, on Gwynn's Falls, and to St. Mary's Industrial School, on Wilkens avenue and Maiden Choice lane ; females, to the House of the Good Shepherd, on Mount and Hollins streets, and to the Female House of Refuge, Baker and Carey streets ; colored, to the House of Reformation for Colored Boys, at Cheltenham, and to the Industrial Home for Colored Girls, at Mel vale. Indigent Deaf and Dumb are sent to the Maryland Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, located at Frederick ; and the Blind, to the Maryland School for the Blind. VI. POST-OFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE. POST-OFFICE.— The first post-office in Baltimore was established in 177 1 by William Goddard, at this time proprietor of the Maryland Journal, the office of which was also the post-office. The site occupied was that now used by The Sun building, at the southeast corner of Bal- timore and South streets. Here Miss Mary EL Goddard, who succeeded her father, was postmistress for fifteen years, until the adoption of the U.S. Constitution in 1789. When Miss Goddard gave up her office at the coming in of the new government, her successor is said to have established himself in an office on Baltimore street, not far from (Jay. It remained here until the appointment of Mr. Charles Burrall by General Washington, when it was transferred io the corner oi' St. Paul's lane, now St. Paul street, and Rank lane. The entire business oi' the Baltimore post- olliee was then transacted with the aid of a single clerk, in a room some fifteen feet square. Subsequent removals were, to a building on south Calvert street ; to the south- west basement of the City Hotel ; to the White building, on the northeast corner of Fayette and North streets, where its facilities were greatly improved and enlarged ; and to the Exchange Building, on Lombard street. For more than thirty years this remained its home, growing more 42 Post-office and Custom House. 43 and more inadequate with the expansion and growth of the city. Year after year, Congress was petitioned for relief, and finally after repeated delays and defeats, neces- sary legislation was secured. The selection of a site was authorized by an act of Congress of June 18, 1879. By a series of acts extending up to March, 1887, a total sum of $2,561,835 was appro- priated for the purchase of site and cost of construction. The actual amount expended was $2,072,414, or nearly $500,000 less than the amount available. Active build- ing operations were begun in May, 1881. The corner- stone was laid with elaborate ceremonies in July of the following year. The roof was completed in August, 1887, and the structure was formally dedicated on March 22, 1890. The contents of the building in cubic feet are 3,539,172. Deducting the cost of site from the appropri- ations made up to the day of its dedication, the cost per cubic foot would be, including heating apparatus and elevators, about forty-three cents. The new st ructure occupies the greater part of the block bounded by Fayette, Lexington, Calvert and North streets. In a valuable historical discourse, delivered at the cere- monies attending the laying of the corner-stone, the late Hon. J. H. B. Latrobe briefly recalled the historic asso- ciations of the spot : "It stands upon the site of what was once a sand hill, through which Fayette street was origi- nally located, with stately mansions on its northern side. These successive changes of grade, as the street has been brought down to its present level, were left high in air until recently removed to make way for the new build- ing. The northern side of the sand hill was a precipice 44 Guide to the City of Baltimore. overhanging Jones' Falls, which here made a circuit from in front of the City Spring, above which towered the heights on which St. Paul's Church stood. The falls on their way to the Patapsco meandered through the swampy ground, to be lost in the marshes which still give their name to Marsh Market Space." The building is a pleasing type of Renaissance archi- tecture, and is built of Maine granite. The shape is a hollow parallelogram, the facade broken by a centre par- tition fla :ked by two towers. It contains four stories, and is built upon massive granite foundations. The basement is used for the storage and reception of mail matter. On the first floor are the general distributing quarters, lock boxes, Registered Letter, Money Order and Stamp Departments, the offices of the Superintendent of Carriers, Assistant Postmaster, Superintendent of City Division, Assistant Custodian, Superintendent of Mails, Pouching Room, Ladies' Lavatory and Inquiry Depart- ment. On the second floor are finely appointed apart- ments for the Postmaster, Cashier, Light House Engineer, and Inspector, Collector, Deputy Collector, Cashier and Bonded Clerk of the Internal Revenue Department, U. S. Guager, and Local Inspector of Steam Vessels. The third floor contains the quarters of the local Federal Courts and of their officers. The post office is open as follows : Postmaster's room, from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. ; Assistant Postmaster's, from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. General Delivery open day and night ; Sundays, 8.30 A. M. to 10 A. M. Money Order and Registry Divisions, 9 A. M. to 5 p. m. Stamp windows open from 7 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; Sundays, 8.30 to 10 A. M. THE POST-OFFICE. Post-office and Custom House. 45 The Mailing Department is open during the entire twenty- four hours. Snb-stations for the more convenient reception and dis- tribution of mail matter and for the sale of stamps are located in various parts of the city. CUSTOM HOUSE.— Not until 1786 was a regular custom house established in Baltimore. Prior to this, duties upon Baltimore imports were collected at Anna- polis and Joppa. The office of Collector of Customs was created by Congress in the same year. Before the Revolution imposts were collected by a naval officer appointed by the crown. The existence of this official survives, as Col. Scharf notes, in the title of one of the chiefs of departments in the custom house. The earliest custom house was a modest structure standing upon the site of the present building, at the northeast corner of Gay and Lombard streets. Upon the completion of the Merchants' Exchange building, on Lombard and Gay streets, quarters were here provided for it, and after the removal of the post-office the entire building was turned over to its uses. At the present time the needs of the department have far outgrown the accommodations pro- vided, and it is to be hoped that at no distant day relief will be afforded by congressional action. The Custom House or Exchange Building at the time of its construction was considered the finest commercial structure in the country. Even now, though shabby and modified in plan, it is an object of no inconsiderable architectural interest. The most striking feature of the building is the spacious hall, with entrances on all sides and rows of Ionic columns of single blocks of Italian 46 Grwide to the Q'dy of Baltimore. marble on the easl and west. The whole is surmounted by a frescoed dome, the internal height of which from the floor of the hall is one hundred and fifteen feet. Here are located the various offices of the department, while above are the quarters of the Navy Paymaster, Emigration Department, Special Examiner of Pensions, Sub-Treasury, and other federal officers. Exchange Place, the name of which is self-explanatory, is one of Hie most characteristic sections of the city. Willi ils old-fashioned buildings, iis subdued aeiivity and grass-grown side streets, it best of all exemplifies the evolution of Baltimore from a, mere commercial entrep61 to a greal industrial cenl re. UNITED STATES COURTS. — The sessions of (lie United States Courts are held in handsomely appointed quarters on the third floor of the new post-office building. The State of Maryland is on (lie Fourth Judicial Circuit, which includes Virginia, West Virginia, North and South Carolina. The Q. S. Circuit Courl meets on the first Monday of April and November; the (J. S. District ( oiirl (mi (he tirst Tuesday in March, dune, September and I December. Adjacent to the post-ollice, at the corner of Fayette and North st reels, stands a structure of granite \\^(\ for the sessions of the federal courts prior to their removal to the larger building. The building was constructed in L865, the site having been selected some years before by President James liiichanan and his cabinet. It is con- structed of Maryland granite, and is a striking type oi Italian architecture with Grecian porticos. The lot is enclosed by an iron railing with granite posts. The plan Post-office and Custom House. 47 of construction of the post-office involved the removal of this building and the conversion of its site into a grass plaza. Attempts have since been made to secure it for the use of various municipal departments. At present it is used as temporary quarters by the Masonic Order. WEATHER BUREAU.— This important branch of the national service is represented by the Maryland State Weather Service, which includes Delaware, and was organ- ized in May, 1891, under the joint auspices of the Johns Hopkins University, the Maryland Agricultural College and the United States Weather Bureau. The quarters occupied are in the physical laboratory of the Johns Plop- kins University, on Monument street and Linden avenue. The roof of the building is used for the exposure of instruments. The officers of the bureau are : Professor Wm. B. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins University, director ; Professor Milton Whitney, of the Maryland Agricultural College, secretary and treasurer ; and Dr. C. P. Cronk, of the United States Weather Bureau, meteorologist in charge. Sub-stations are located in all the counties of Maryland and also in Delaware, from which reports are regularly received and where warning signals are displayed. VII. TRADE AND COMMERCE. RETROSPECTION.— The earlj economic life of Baltimore centres largely about its trade and commerce. In the absolute commercial dependence of the colonial period, the town ranked as but one of many centres in which English agents gathered inland staples for home shipment. With the events and consequences of the Revolutionary War, the situation underwent radical change. Natural advantages of location began to assert themselves; local accumulation of capital led to inde- pendent purchase and direct shipment, and Baltimore rapidly assumed commercial prominence. An inde- pendent custom house was established in 1780, — vessels having hitherto entered and cleared at Annapolis, — and steps were taken towards the improvement of the harbor. Between the close of the Revolutionary War and the outbreak of the War of 1812 the expansion of Balti- more trade was phenomenal. Continental wars not only strengthened the demand for Maryland staples, but mate- rially diverted the West India trade from accustomed channels to this safer entrepot. The rise and perfection of the "Baltimore Clipper" only strengthened the oppor- tunity, and during the entire period of which we are speaking, Baltimore enjoyed the chief part of the Euro- 48 Trade and Commerce. 49 pean and West Indian trade, together with no inconsider- able portion of* the world's carrying trade. Baltimore was the natural market for the agricultural products of the interior and Western country. Active communication had long been maintained with this vast region, in early days by pack horses, later by long wagon trains that traversed the great Northern turnpikes as far as the Ohio River. The introduction of steamboats upon the navigable waters of the West displaced this means of transportation. Trade was diverted to other centres, and the commercial relations of Baltimore threatened. Public-spirited citizens immediately began an agitation for improved means of communication with the West. In February, 1827, the first railroad charter granted in the United States was given by the General Assembly to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The work of actual construction was begun in the following year; in 1853 the road was completed to the Ohio River, and in 1857 to St. Louis. This great iron link is an organic part of the life history of Baltimore. It opened up a vast unde- veloped region, and secured for the city the full advan- tages, suggested by its natural location, of a seaboard market and distributing depot for the West. Both trade and commerce suffered keenly from the events of the Civil War. Communication with the South was completely cut off, and Western trade temporarily diverted to other channels. But the causes of prosperity were suspended, not destroyed, and as the prostrate indus- trial life of the country revived, Baltimore fairly bounded into commercial importance. The vigor and activity of those early days has never waned. The prosperity of 4 * 50 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Baltimore is an historical growth springing from natural opportunities, and permanent in its stability and strength. ADVANTAGES. — Natural geographical situation, admirable railroad connections, and unusual harbor facili- ties constitute Baltimore's chief commercial advantages. Inland location places it in closer proximity by many miles than Northern and Eastern rivals to the great pro- ductive sections of the country. Favored geographical situation has been emphasized and developed by the establishment of direct lines of communication. By the shortest rail line, Baltimore is 90 miles nearer all points in the South than Philadelphia, 180 miles nearer than New York, and 413 miles nearer than Boston. With respect to Cincinnati, its advantages over these cities are respectively 74, 164 and 332 miles, and in regard to other Western points even more decided. The railroad facilities of Baltimore include five distinct broad-guage railroads and one narrow-guage road. The vantage- ground upon which they place the commercial interests of the city have been vividly described as follows : " Baltimore stands with her face to the south, and with one hand prepared to gather the products of nearly half of the United States and to send them forward to other nations, and in return with the left hand to bestow the peculiar products of the soil of Maryland and her sister States upon those States whose climate will not allow the growth of such luxuries. One iron finger runs almost due north, through the rich farming lands of central Pennsylvania and southwestern New York, until it touches the great lakes, with their ships loaded with orain. Another stretches out into manufacturing Pitts- Trade and Commerce. 51 burg, 328 miles distant, the coal, iron and other mineral lands of southwestern Pennsylvania, western Maryland, West Virginia and Ohio, and away out to Chicago, 830 miles, the central point for the grain, hay and other farm products of the great Northwest and the flour of St. Paul and Minneapolis, 1,296 miles from the seaboard. The third finger beckons to the stock-raisers of Kentucky and Tennessee, the active men of St. Louis, 931 miles to the west, and of Kansas City, 1,213 miles away, and bids them to turn towards Baltimore the rapidly-increasing shipments of cattle and cereals from the empire of the Southwest. " The index finger very appropriately follows the lines of the Appalachian system of mountains, which, ranging from the southwest to the northwest, give an outlet to Baltimore by the natural rift at Harper's Ferry, whose immense water-power, gradually being utilized, must bear tribute to this city. Down through the beautiful, fertile and well-watered Shenandoah Valley of Virginia the finger points, gathering in the profits from the farm lands of the valley proper, the wood and minerals of the moun- tain slopes, the coal and iron of the southwestern Virginia and southern West Virginia hills and cattle of their plains, piercing the pine and hardwood regions of western North Carolina and South Carolina, east Kentucky and Tennessee, and finally touching the flourishing manufac- turing and industrial centres of the New South, Birming- ham, Anniston, Ensley and other towns and cities of Alabama, which have grown rapidly with the develop- ment of their natural resources. The broad thumb covers a fertile section embracing Richmond, Norfolk, Atlanta, 52 Gruide to the City of Baltimore. Savannah and Charleston, and some of the finest trucking country on the Atlantic slope, extending from Norfolk to Florida with its orange groves." The roads in detail are as follows : BALTIMORE AM) OHIO RAILROAD, reaching in one direction to Philadelphia, thence by direct connection to NVw York, and on the other hand penetrating the vast regions of the West, Southwest and Northwest through the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, to the waters of the Missis- sippi. Connections at such important centres as Phila- delphia, Washington, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Cincinnati, Chicago and St, Louis give it direct access to all sections of the country. The tide-water terminals of the road are situated on Locust Point, and cover a frontage of nearly a thousand feet. Freight can here be transferred from ocean steamers to ears, or vice i\rso. with the utmost facility and economy. Three enormous grain elevators offer storage capacity for 3,800,000 bushels. Massive piers are fitted for emigration traffic, and make it almost possible for the now arrival to step from steamer to train. Exit from the city is afforded by moans of an immense tunnel extend- ing beneath Howard street to the outskirts of the city. NORTHERS CENTRAL RAILROAD serves to connect Baltimore with the great Pennsylvania system, affording at the same time a direct outlet to the North. It penetrates the rich agricultural section of central Pennsylvania and southwestern New York up to the great lakes. The marine terminals of the road are located on the Canton side of the river, and include two elevators, with a total capacity of 1,250,000 bushels of grain, Trade and Commerce. f)^ steamers running nightly from Baltimore to Norfolk and Old Point Comfort, Va. The Ericssois Line has daily boats to Philadelphia. Trade with the Eastern Shore of Maryland engages a whole fleet of vessels. The principal companies engaged in t h is traffic are, the Eastern Shore Steamboat Com- pany, Worms Transportation Line, Maryland Steamboat Company, Chester River Steamboat Company, Sassafras River Steamboat Company, Choptank Steamboat Com- pany, Wheeler Transportation Line, Maryland c& Virginia Steamboat Company, Tolchester St< amboat ( Jompany, and others. There are in all aboul 50 bay steamers, ranging in tonnage from 250 to 800 tons, which all have excellent passenger facilities in addition to their freight accommo- dations. During the busy summer season they make daily trips, while in the winter months, when the business is lighter, four trips per week suffice. In addition there are an almost innumerable number of schooners, pungeys, bugeyes, which run throughout the year, bringing a vast assortment of produce to Baltimore's world-famed markets. STATISTICAL. — The chief articles of local export are corn, wheat, flour, cattle, tobacco, copper and coal. Importing activity centres about iron ore, bananas, pine- apples, cocoanuts, sugar, and general merchandise. The foreign movement inward for L891— '92 was 1,123,368 tons; the outward movement was 1,383,935 tons; the coastwise movement inward was 1,192,137 tons; the outward movement was 1,524,602 tons. Value of imports (free), $(>,(', V2 } Q2H ; value of im- ports (dutiable), $6,766,225; total value of imports, $13,418,253; imports in American sailing vessels, ")(i Gruide to the City of Baltimore, $3,794,108; imports in foreign vessels, $9,621,890 ; im- ports in cars overland, $2,255; total imports, $13,418,253. Value oi' domestic exports, $98,796,856 ; exports in American vessels, $1,514,-48; exports in foreign vessels, $97,233,508; total exports for l89l-'92, $98,796,346. The articles exported and the number of tons were as follows: Cattle, 31,650; com, 161,220; wheat, 581,041 ; flour, 984,952; coal, 92,385; copper matte, 19,989; copper ingots, 5,270; cotton, 51,425; dried apples, 1,731 ; grape sugar, 1,325; rosin, 13,918; oil cake, 30,939; illumi- nating oil, 1,73:2 ; wax, 1,241 ; beef, canned, 12,544; beef, fresh, 2 X 587 ; beef, salt, 2,919; tallow, 12,430; bacon, 3,085; hams, 1,617; pickled pork, 4,108 ; lard, 30,146; olio oil, 3,405; cotton-seed oil, 7U) ; starch, 3,231; leaf tobacco, 24,958 ; tobacco stems, 3,675 ; zinc, 1,(>70. American vessels entered from foreign ports: Sailing, 52,638 tons ; steam, 2,701 tons, Foreign vessels : Sail- ing, 17,571 tons; steam, 1,050,458 tons. American vessels cleared tot- foreign ports: Sailing, 51,817 tons; steam, 711 tons. Foreign vessels: Sailing, 9,318 tons; steam, 1,321,786 tons. Vessels entered, 1,123,368 tons; vessels cleared, 1,383,935 tons; total, 1892, 2,507,303 tons; total, 1891, 1,611,970 tons; increase in 1892, 895,333 tons. VIII. MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. HISTORICAL NOTE.— England's endeavor to pre- serve in Maryland ;is in the other colonics an exclusive market for her own productions prevented any early in- dustrial activity in Baltimore. In lace of persistent discouragement iron production, however, early readied some development. In 17 1!) eight furnaces and nine forges are said to have been in operation in the Province; hut for even the simplest- conveniences of civilized life the colonists were dependent upon England. In 1774 began a system of practical non-intercourse with Great Britain, and from thence on, through a term of years, the colonies were thrown largely upon their own resources. Various branches of manufactures sprang up, and as early as 1.778 we find in active operation in Baltimore a linen factory, a bleach vard, a paper mill, a woolen and linen factory, a slitting mill, a card factory and two nail fac- tories. The first sugar refinery was established in the town in 1784 ; four years later came a glass factory, under the direction of German manufacturers. The industrial development of Baltimore from this time on, while sub- stantial, was still conservative. Commerce and shipping engaged general attention, and manufacturing industries were projected only to the extent of their dependence 57 \ \ :.'. Dg tho d - US - - it look al at him signs - \ M v\ i r u n RING vm v\ r vi;rs.— The p consist Lightened the sj thos I g a ' • - sear pros miles 2 tho S g p . - - he Wee the wood, supplier i — the stries N - Baltim s is - ' U gi s - Rows ags of six i - Id |ll ath. 11 ses g I igress egtess a good 5 and ogs with baths and Som - - larg sii Ma int fr without water fronts, can be obtained .-it low rents, while capitalists and public spirited citizens are prepared to offer even greater induce- ments to responsible persons desiring l<> locate here. " We w:mi you to come into <>nr midst," is the invitation of a leading trade organization, "and will help you to mii unusual extent in remaining here with profit and credit to yourself." The same willingness to aid and encourage iu every possible way l< ►<-.» I industrial development has led the City Council to exempt all manufacturing plants from taxation, and to provide that: "Any individual, linn or corporation engaged in the business of manufac- turing within the corporate limits is exempt from all taxes which may l»<' levied hereaftei upon any mechanical tools, implements or engines, whether worked by hand or steam or other motive power, ussd by them in such business." INDUSTRIES. — The manufacturing enterprises of Baltimore are most varied, scarcely a single important industry being unrepresented. H is the largest manu- facturing centre in the United States for ready-made clothing, shirts, fertilizers, straw goods, cotton duck, fruit canning :in<>,<)()() to $25,000,000. It is estimated that about persons tind regular employment, in addition I a -e number drawn from the eity during the s - leng _ " fruit pick 2 cent counties or ii 1 oys " _ wn the The industry has also made Baltimore the chief centre for the manufacture or Pur Cans, : - being annually turned out. The manufacture Deovboenc og _ - 3 - ith a cap;: v and annual sales of J : 00, an I _ - employment I people. Facilities for production at mini- mum a - particularly :id the _ produced are generally 0: _ lizeks and their manufacture have long received attention in Balti- more. In recent - the industry has grown to h _ proportions, there _ v - - « . 2; the harbor, with an annual output tons and sales Ling $ tons of phosphate rock were brought from Charleston, S. C, in 18 .-'ly the entire S - Island output : - - ;ed. T . .: d manufactures I &HXBXS, V NTDEKW : * tKUIS _ _v about factories and some 6,000 hands, with an annual output of about I Less of the industrial 3 ss bieh characterizes th - - rs in Baltimore than else- where. In sF urth Ann .:*roll D. W right, U. 3 3S :i er of I - 3 " The home condition of Baltimore - 2; $ above the aver- Kents are cheap sej ses the rule, sanitary arrangements _ ?nement - - - with other cit 3 iltimore is the _ - single pro- ducing centre of Com ck iu the world, turning out Manufactures and Industries, 61 about two-thirds of the entire amount manufactured in the United States. The total annual output aggregates about $16,000,000, and employs some 3,000 persons. The suburban village of Woodberry, a striking view of which can be had from the summit of Prospect Hill, Druid Hill Park, has been built up principally through this industry and is its chief site. - The manufacture of Boots and Shoes is an important and growing industry representing an annual product of some $6,000,000. The trade in Leather is represented by about 80 firms, with annual sales aggregating $9,000,0C0 and some of the most extensive tanneries in the United States. There are 24 Breweries in the city, with an annual production of 640,000 barrels and capital of $10,000,000 invested. Furniture represents a manu- factured product of about $-3,000,000, and employs some 2,500 skilled workmen. Hardware and its related trades swells the volume of business transacted by some $2o,000,000. Baltimore is easily the leading city in the United States in the manufacture of Straw Goods. It contains nine manufacturing establishments, with 1,200 hands employed. Dry Goods and its minor branches of white goods and notions engage a large number of firms and capital to the amount of $12,000,000. Busi- ness is done over a wide stretch of territory, and in 1891 aggregated $34,000,000. Baltimore has for many years been a centre for Copper refining. Extensive smelting works are located at Canton, which yield a larger product of copper for easting purposes than any similar establishment in the United States. In 1891 it exceeded 30,000,000 pounds. Ship-building is one of the latest 62 Guide to the City of Baltimore. and most promising of local industries. The leading plants are at Sparrow's Point and at Locust Point. Here have been built several of the successful gunboats and cruisers that are to constitute "the new navy" of the United States. The Pottery products of Baltimore have attained a high reputation throughout the United States. Five potteries are in operation with twenty or more large kilns, employing about seven hundred men and women in making and decorating their wares. In other important industries the value of the pro- duct for 1891 was as follows : Bar Iron and Steel, SI, 000,000; MnxiNERY. $3,000,000; Lithography, $500,000; Drugs and Patent Medicines, $10,000,000; Woodenwaee, $2,000,000 ; Confectionery and Fruit, $5,000,000; Paints, Oels and Geass, $5,000,000; Cureed Hair, $2,000,000; Chin aware, $1,000,000; Marbee and Granite, Si ,000,000. SPARROW'S POINT.— The works of the Mary- land Steel Company, located at Sparrow's Point, on the north bank of the Patapsco, about nine miles from Balti- more, comprise four large blast furnaces, a Bessemer plant and rail mill, a complete steel ship-building plant with machine, boiler and pattern shops and iron foundry adequate to the maintenance of the metallurgical plant, and for the construction of engines and boilers required for the ships built at the Marine Department. In addi- tion to the manufacturing plant there are the necessary wharves for ore and other materials arriving by water, and for the shipping of the products of the works. The Baltimore and Sparrow's Point Railroad, by its con- nections with the principal trunk lines, gives excellent facilities for shipment by land. Manufactures and Industries. 63 The blast furnaces and the steel plant have been arranged with special reference to the use of hot metal direct from the blast furnaces, and t<> roll rails direct from the ingots. The Bessemer plant has a capacity of i_\ 000 tons product per day. Besides these mills there will be constructed in the future a large open hearth furnace plant and plate and shape mills for turning out all kinds of material required in the construction of ships, bridges and buildings. Sparrow's Point has at present a resident population of about 3,500. The dwelling houses, which were built by the Steel Company, are supplied with water from artesian wells, have underground sewerage and good sani- tary regulations. The streets and mills are lighted by electricity, There are churches tor white and colored residents, and a beautiful riverside resort known as IVn- WOod Park. CURTIS BAY. — Along the picturesque south side of the Patapsco river, that bears this name, there hassprung up within easy memory an active industrial settlement. The harbor has an average depth of twenty-five feet in front oi' the land, allowing steamers of Large draught to discharge their cargoes. Here has been ereoted a large sugar refinery, which is expected to bring hack to Balti- more its historic prestige in this industry. Large car works are in operation, employing some five hundred men and turning out fifteen new freight cars daily. Other Large industries are machine shops, nut and holt manufactory, and barrel factory. Several hundred neat and substantial brick houses have been erected to meet the demands oi' the growing population. The town con- 64 Guide to the City of Baltimore. tains several churches, and is reached from Baltimore by an electric railway connecting at Ferry Bar with the city street cars. WOODBERRY has already been referred to as the chief site of Baltimore's cotton manufactures. Here are also located extensive works for the manufacture of all kinds of special machinery. These works cover about ten acres of ground, — directly through which the Northern Central Railroad passes, — and employ from four hundred to five hundred skilled workmen. COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS.— The fol- lowing is a list of the more important commercial bodies of Baltimore : Corn and Flour Exchange, Chamber of Commerce. The Board of Trade, Rialto Building. Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, Hopkins Place and German street. Real Estate Exchange, 123 E. Fayette street. Lumber Exchange, 19 W. Saratoga street. Taxpayers' Association, 123 E. Fayette street. Provision Exchange, 47 Chamber of Commerce. Produce Exchange, 105 South street. Canned Goods Exchange, 413 Water street. Brick Manufacturers' Exchange, 19 W. Sara- toga street. Tobacco Board of Trade, 419 Exchange Place. Builders' Exchange, 19 W. Saratoga street. Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, Hopkins Place and German street. Baltimore Stock Exchange, 2 1 E. German street. Baltimore Clearing House, National Union Bank. IX. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Baltimore ranks as one of the foremost educational centres of the country. A graded system of public schools provides free instruction in primary, secondary, collegiate and normal studies. The first manual training school to be maintained as part of a public school system was established in this city. Flourishing colleges of law, medicine and dentistry, private schools and female insti- tutions attract hundreds of students from every State of the Union. The Woman's College promises to become to the South what Vassar, Smith and Wellesley Colleges are to the North. Personal philanthropy in the forms of the Peabody Institute and the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity has made Baltimore almost unique among modern cities. The experience of the latter institution forms a remarkable chapter in the history of American higher education. Almost within the period which similar foundations have devoted to mere tentative efforts, Johns Hopkins has attained the front rank among higher insti- tutions of learning. Means of positive instruction are supplemented by public libraries, accessible lecture courses and choice art collections. Academic currents penetrate every stratum of Baltimore society and exercise wide and far-reaching influence upon its intellectual life. 5 65 !)<) Guide to the City of Baltimore. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. — The public school system of Baltimore dates from January, 1827, when an ordinance was adopted by the City Council creating a board of commissioners of public schools and investing them with power to establish schools. Two years later the first school was opened, and the system has since then steadily developed and expanded. It consists of primary, grammar, and high schools, or colleges. Separate systems are provided throughout for males, females and for colored children. The total number of pupils on roll on October 15, 1892, was 54,971, under the charge of 1,354 regular teachers. School buildings are scattered throughout the citv, and are for the most part substantial structures of brick and stone, constructed with special reference to ventilation and light. The school system is entirely free, text-books and supplies being provided without cost. Its supervision is in the hands of an unpaid Board of School Com- missioners, consisting of twenty-two members, one from each ward, elected by the City Council. The annual cost of the system is about $1,000,000. The Baltimore Manual, Training School, was the first school of its kind in the United States established as a part of any public school system. It is now every- where recognized as eminently successful, and its methods of instruction are generally adopted by other Manual Training Schools. It occupies commodious quarters on Courtland near Saratoga streets, with accommodations for 500 students. The older building contains the work- shops of the school. On the ground floor are the boiler Educational Institutions. 07 room, sheet metal and forge shops, with a steam blower and steam exhaust fan. The machine shops, pattern- making shops and steam engineering shops take up the third floor, while the fourth is divided into two rooms? used as carpentry and wood-carving shops. The first floor of the new building contains a natatorium and a covered play and drill ground for the boys. A large hall on the second floor is conveniently furnished with opera chairs. On the third and fourth floors are the hat, office, cloak, library, and recitation rooms, and physical and chemical laboratories. The fifth story is divided into four large rooms, one each for freehand and mechan- ical drawing, model and exhibition. The hallway of this floor is used as an armory. More recently a Coloked Manual Training School has been established, and is in successful operation on Fremont near Lombard streets. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, is designed for the training of teachers of both sexes, and is supported by an annual State appropriation. It is located in a handsome structure on the northwest corner of Lafayette and Car- rollton avenues, and is built of brick with sandstone trimmings. In the basement are the gymnasium, dressing- rooms and larger class-rooms. The principal story con- tains the parlor, library, offices, reception-rooms and class-rooms; the second floor, the assembly-room, seating six hundred persons ; and the third, lecture-rooms and laboratories. Each county in the State is entitled to send two students for each representative in the General Assembly. A limited number of other pupils are taken on payment of tuition fees. 68 Guide to the City of Baltimore. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND.— This institu- tion is situated at the corner of Lombard and Greene streets. It was founded in 1807 as a medical school, it being the fifth in the United States in point of age. It had the usual vicissitudes of medical schools, being at first without buildings, money, facilities for teaching or a library. Later came a long-continued controversy between the Regents and Trustees, which divided the faculty and students, and was only settled by an appeal to the courts. Subsequently the Civil War interfered much with its prosperity and development. Notwith- standing all of these disadvantages, the University of Maryland has done a most useful work, and has left an abiding impress upon the medical education of the country. The founders purchased with their private means a library ; they procured costly apparatus from Europe ; later they effected a loan, and erected another building for lecture purposes and for the accommodation of the splendid anatomical and pathological collection of over 1,000 specimens which they had bought; early recog- nizing the need of facilities for clinical instruction, they leased ground in the immediate vicinity of the college, and erected thereon a costly hospital (being among the first to do this) ; they encouraged classical learning by founding a gold medal for Latin theses and in other ways. Their successors introduced hygiene and medi- cal jurisprudence into their curriculum (1833) ; they endeavored to increase the opportunities for instruction by voluntarily lengthening their course to six months (1840) ; they early taught auscultation and percussion (1841); they instituted lectures on pharmacy (1844); Educational Institutions. 69 they gave a complete course on operative surgery (1845) and pathology (1847); they encouraged prepara- tory medical schools; they were either first or second to enforce dissection (1833, 1848); they established compulsory courses in experimental physiology and microscopy (1854); they were among the first to intro- duce the study of specialties (1866), and first to make an independent chair of diseases of women and chil- dren ; they established a successful dental school (1882), a lying-in-hospital (1887), and a training school for nurses (1890). In 181 2 the Legislature, by a special act, gave authority to add Faculties of Divinity, Law and Arts and Sciences. Of these additional faculties that of Law alone remains. This had an uncertain existence for many years, but in 1870 it was reorganized and it became an important part of the University. It now occupies a building of its own adjoining the medical college on Lombard street. It has seven professors and about 100 students. In 1882 a dental school was founded, which occupies a building adjacent to the University on Greene street. It now has seven professors, and gives instruction to about one hun- dred and fifty students annually. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. In the very heart of Baltimore, within close proximity to various supplementary educational agencies, and of easy access from any quarter of the city, is located the Johns Hopkins University. The several academic buildings are included in or face the block bounded by Howard, Eutaw, 70 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Monument and Little Ross streets. The Madison, Mary- land and Linden avenue street cars pass the institution, and the Druid Hill and Edmondson avenue lines reach within a square. The present situation of the University was at first deemed merely temporary, the founder hav- ing designated his suburban country-seat, Clifton, as the ultimate site. The buildings erected within the city for immediate purposes have been added to and enlarged, until now in convenience and working facilities thev stand unrivalled. There is no dormitory system in connection with the University. The large number of non-resident students is scattered among the private boarding houses of the city, with a tendency to concentration in the pleasant residence sections of the neighborhood. FOUNDATION.— The Johns Hopkins University owes its foundation to the liberality of the Baltimore merchant whose name it bears. He died on the twenty- fourth of December, 1873, nearly eighty years of age, leaving a large fortune, which he gave in nearly two equal amounts for the endowment of a University and a Hospital. He directed that when the Hospital was com- pleted it should become a part of the Medical School of the University. Many years before his death he began to cherish the idea of establishing these two institutions, and the letter of instructions signed by him shows the broad and enlightened views which he held with respect to the welfare of mankind. At the same time his specific bequests were made in very simple terms, and he left to his Trustees the decision of all details. The University was incorporated under the general laws of the State of Maryland August 24, 1867. Three Educational Institutions. 71 years later, Juno L3, L870, the Trustees met and elected a President and a Secretary of the Board. They did not meet again until after the death of Mr. Hopkins, when they entered with a definite purpose on the work for which they were associated. President Daniel C. Gil man, who is still in office, was elected in December, L874. lie entered upon the duties of his station in the following spring, and in the summer of L875, at the request of the Trustees, he went to Europe and conferred with many leaders of university education in Great Britain and on the continent. During the following winter the plans of the University were formulated and made public. The work of instruction began in the autumn of L876, and has gradually extended and improved since that time. METHODS. — The organization and methods of the University have been described by President Oilman as follows : "The University is organized upon the principle that it is a body of teachers and scholars, Universitas magistro- riini et discipuloruTrij — a corporation maintained for the conservation and advancement of knowledge, in which those who have been thoroughly prepared for higher Studies are encouraged to continue, under competent pro- fessors, their intellectual advancement in many branches of science and Literature. "In this society are recognized two important grades, — the Collegiate students, who are aspirants for the diploma of Bachelor of Arts, to which they look forward as a certificate that they have completed a liberal course of preliminary study ; and the University students, includ- ing the few who may he candidates for a higher diploma, 72 Guide to the City of Baltimore. that of Doctor or Master (a certificate that they have made special attainments in certain branches of knowledge), and a large number who, without any reference to a degree, are simply continuing their studies for varying periods. "Corresponding to the wants of these two classes of students, there are two methods of instruction — the rule of the College, which provides discipline, drill, training in appointed tasks, for definite periods ; and the rule of the University, the note of which is opportunity, freedom, encouragement and guidance in more difficult studies, inquiries and pursuits. Thus far but one faculty has been maintained — that of philosophy or the liberal arts — but the nucleus of a medical faculty has been formed, and some advanced instruction is now given in pathology and in the special branches of medicine and surgery, under the auspices and in the buildings of the Johns Hopkins Hospital." BUILDINGS. — The University Buildings are placed in the heart of the city, within sight of Washington Monument, and near to a large number of literary and educational establishments. They include a central build- ins; in which are the offices of administration and the class-rooms for the ancient languages. Directly west is a building containing the general Library of the Uni- versity and a large lecture-room for Chemistry. Beyond this, to the west, stands the Chemical Laboratory, and still further to the west is the Biological Laboratory, a three-story building, for the study of the biological sciences. North of the main group of buildings stand the Gymnasium (with the accessory bath-rooms and dressing-rooms and a tennis court), and Levering Hall, Educational Institutions. 73 erected for the Young Men's Christian Association of the University. Still further north is the Physical Labora- tory, in which are housed the departments of Physics (including Electrical Engineering), Mathematics and Astronomy. Several dwelling houses in the neighbor- hood are also used for class-rooms and for the laboratories in Mineralogy and Geology. A new building, McCoy Hall, to be used for the library and for class-rooms for the literary departments, is in course of erection, on the corner of Monument and Garden streets, extending in a southerly direction to Little Ross street. The Buildings can be most profitably inspected in the order here given. Upon application to the Registrar's office, a guide will be furnished to any appreciative visitor. The following additional directions will how- ever be of service : CENTRAL. BUILDING. — The original academic structure is situated on the southwest corner of Howard and Little Ross streets. The lower floor contains the offices of the President, the Board of Trustees and other administrative officers. The second and third stories are devoted to the classical and oriental departments, while on the fourth are rooms for drawing and a large lecture- room. Situated next to this building, and connected with it, is the Library Building. On the lower floor is Hopkins Hall, now used as the principal chemical lecture hall. Above it is the main library with its numerous alcoves. The library of the University numbers about 56,000 well-selected volumes, including the McCoy library of 8,000 volumes. Owing to the department system which 74 Guide to the City of Baltimore. is here in vogue, the books are divided among; the various CD ' C departments. On the third floor are the historical and political departments, centering about the Bluntschii Library. CHEMICAL, LABORATORY. — This was opened in 1877. After a period of years, the impossibility of provid- ing for all who wished to avail themselves of its privileges determined the Trustees, after much deliberation, to en- large it. Plans were accordingly drawn and contracts made, and on the third of May, 1883, the building in its present improved and extended form was completed and thrown open to public observation. It is a substantial structure of pressed brick, covering an area of about fifty by one hundred feet, and containing three full stories and a basement. The basement contains store-rooms for chemical apparatus, two well-lighted rooms for assay work and other furnace operations, besides the boiler- room and fuel-vaults. The first floor is devoted mainly to such work as is commonly carried on in chemical laboratories. Laboratory A, on the right as one enters, is intended especially for those who are beginning the study of chemistry, and Laboratory B, in the rear, for more advanced students, who are engaged in quantitative analysis and in making difficult preparations. On this floor are also situated a balance-room, apparatus-office, private laboratory and a room for gas analysis. Advanced research work in organic chemistry is carried on in the second floor in Laboratories C and D. The principal lecture-room and the Chemical library, as well as the Director's rooms, are also on this floor. The principal room on the third floor is Laboratory E, similarly JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY— PLAT OF BUILDINGS. A. C. D. E. University Offices, F. Ancient Languages, G. Drawing. H. Hopkins Hall (Chemical I. Lecture Room), K. Library, L. History and Politics. Chemistry. M. Biology. N. Geology and Mineralogy. Geology. Gymnasium. Electrical Building. McCoy Hall. Class Rooms. Levering Hall (Y. M. Building). Physics. Modern Languages. C. A. Educational Institutions. 75 designed for advanced work. There are also two smaller rooms, one used as a lecture-room, the other as a cabinet of chemical substances. BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.— This is located at the southeast corner of Eutaw and Little Ross streets, immediately above the Chemical Laboratory, with which it harmonizes in style and symmetry. It is built of Baltimore pressed brick, with steps, entry, window-sills and band-courses of Cheat River bluestone. It stands free on all sides, and is lighted by numerous large windows. The first floor contains a large lecture-room, a store-room for diagrams and lecture apparatus, an administration room, a preparation room and a large general laboratory, supplied with all reagents and appli- ances for practical biological work. The floor of this room and of several others in the building is of asphalt, and the walls of hard cement to a height of two and a half feet. The floor can thus be flooded with water and thoroughly cleansed whenever desirable. PHYSICAL LABORATORY.— The most impos- ing of all the structures devoted to the sciences is the Physical Laboratory on Monument street. It is faced with sand-brick laid iu black mortar and trimmed with sandstone. The main entrance is reached by a broad flight of stone steps to a large vestibule, the opening of which is a stone arch with large pilasters and carved caps on either side in the Romanesque style. In con- struction and equipment the laboratory ranks as one of the finest of its kind in the world. In addition to the requisite arrangements for instruction there are special facilities for research, especially in electricity and mag- 76 Guide to the QUy of BaMmore. netism and in spectrum analysis, and for the photographic study of physical phenomena of all kinds. The boilers for heating and supplying power are in an opposite building, steam being conveyed through a tunnel under Monument street to the engines and radiators in the basement of i lu v laboratory, Under the basement and in the centre of the building are constructed Pour vaults, so arranged as to give a temperature as nearly even as possible for certain delicate experiments. Here are located the machines for ruling the concave gratings, In the basement are also the engine and power room, dynamo-room, battery-room, photometric-room, carpenter's shop, workshops, and special rooms for measurements in electricity and mag- netism and laboratories For furnace work. On the first floor, entering from Monument street to the right, are laboratories for heat and thermometrio investigations; to the left is the general lecture-room, with a small gallery along the oast wall from whioh apparatus may be sus- pended. North of this room is the lecturer's apparatus room and the elevator. On this floor are also rooms tor electricity, magnetism, electrical testing and balances, electrometer and apparatus rooms. The second floor is taken up by tho director's study and library, mathe- matical lecture room-, study and apparatus room and the general library, On the third floor are class-rooms, elementary and minor laboratories, work-rooms and diffraction room. On the fourth floor are the spectro- meter room and apartments for investigations in light and psycho-physics, draughting-rooms, photograph, de- veloping emulsion, enlarging, concave grating and Wig*" JOHN8 HOPKINS UNIVERSITY-PHYSICAL LABORATORY. Educational Institutions, 77 spectroscope rooms. The fifth floor is used for the Investigation of the velocity of Light and for battery and storage rooms. ( hi the roof is ;i platform for open air experiments. The dome of the astronomical observatory surmounts the lower on the southeast corner of (!><' building. LEVER] n<; HALL, the home of the Johns Hopkins Y. M, C. A.., and the centre of much of the social life of ill*' University, is the handsome brown sandstone building situated immediately opposite the Biological Laboratory. On the first story is the reading room and library, snug and inviting with its easy rockei , open grate, pleasant furnishing, and well chosen books, papers, and magazines. Double sets of sliding doors separate this room from the chapel room, which is con Qected with 8 smaller one on the west, used for committee meetings. The second floor contains the main hall, with 430 folding chairs. The entire building is heated by hot-air furnaces in the cellar, and ilw tjas in 1 1 1< • main ball is lighted by electricity. Brass memorial tablets record the generosity of Mr. Eugene Levering, whose gift the hall is, and the names of various benefactors of the I lnivcr.il v. ivi<:<:oy HALL, which when completed will be the largest and most prominent of the University buildings, is al (lie time of writing in coin;*' of construction, li will be lour stories in height, with a frontage of ( .)< r > feet on Monument street, L76 feet on Little Garden street, and L12 feet on Ross street. Levering Hall was moved intact from its former position to the corner of Eutaw street, being also turned around ninety 78 Guide to the City of Baltimore. degrees, so as to front on Eutaw street. It is to be con- nected directly by doors in the rear with McCoy Hall. The first floor of the new building will contain a lame Lecture-room with a seating capacity of 800 persons, a smaller lecture-room which is expected to seat 200 persons, and a series of administration oiliees. The second and third floors will contain class-rooms, seminary rooms and professors' studies for the use of the historical department, including the Bluntschli Library, and for the ancient and modern language departments. The entire fourth floor will be devoted to library purposes. The library will be arranged in the new quarters accord- ing to the latest and most improved plans The main reading-room will be some ten times as large as the one now used. Lighting will be carefully arranged by a series of skylights. The whole building will be sur- mounted by two towers, one at each end of the building. The exterior will probably be of red sandstone or stone of a color corresponding very nearly to the red brick with sandstone trimmings which is the exterior of the present building. STATISTICS (1892).— The entire academic staff of the University includes 64 teachers, in addition to a number of students who conduct classes in various de- partments. The number of students enrolled is 547, of whom 273 are residents of Maryland, 274 are from 35 other States of the Union, and ID from foreign countries. Among the students are 337 already graduated, coming from 143 colleges and universities ; there are 140 matricu- lates (or candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts); and there are 70 admitted as special students to pursue Educational Institutions. 79 Bourses of study for which they seem fitted without refer- ence to graduation. During the year 1891-92 the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon 41 candidates, and 37 candidates were promoted to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. During the first fifteen years (1876-91) 1,767 indi- viduals were enrolled as students, of whom 770 are registered as from Maryland (including 624 from Balti- more), and 997 from 52 other States and countries ; 994 persons entered as graduate students, and 773 as under- graduates. Of the undergraduates 160 continued as graduate students, many of them proceeding to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. It thus appears that 1,154 persons have followed graduate studies here in the last fifteen years. Since degrees were first conferred in 1878, 841 persons have attained the Baccalaureate degree, and 249 have been advanced to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE. As the visitor leaves the central section of the city, and continues northward beyond the original corporate limits, the most distinctive architectural feature which attracts his attention is a line of massive granite build- ings on St. Paul street, flanked on the south by a tower of peculiar shape. The tower belongs to the First Methodist Episcopal Church, and the buildings marshalled to the north of it are those of the Woman's College of Baltimore. They consist of Goucher Hall, 3ontaining over forty class-rooms, laboratories and offices 80 Guide to the City of Baltimore. for administration, a second Instruction Hall, yet un- named, and Bennett Hall, containing the gymnasium, baths and swimming pool. A block to the east, at the corner of Calvert and Fourth streets, is a " College Home," a plain but handsome brick building, accommo- dating sixty-five students; and a block to the west, on the corner of Charles and Fourth streets, a second home of similar style and capacity. HISTORY. — The Woman's College was projected by the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church at its 100th session, held in the City of Wash- ington, D. C, March 5-11, 1884. (See Minutes of the Baltimore Conference, 1884, pages 48-50.) It was incor- porated under the general law of the State of Maryland, January 26, 1885. The charter was amended and the powers of the corporation enlarged by an Act of the Legislature of Maryland on April 3, 1890. The doors were opened to students on September 17, 1888, and a Class of the First Year was organized. An additional class was added with each year, so that the organization was not completely developed until three years later. It early became evident that, owing to the inadequate courses of the secondary schools of Baltimore and of much of the territory from which the institution was drawing its students, the College must supervise its preparatory work. Since this could not be done within the College organiza- tion without seriously impairing its efficiency, the Girls' Latin School was organized in September, 1890, with its own principal, faculty and buildings. The total number of students in the two institutions is now [1892] three hundred and thirty-two, of whom one a M o > CO o O f f P5 O H O "3 W > f H s o W Educational Institutions. si mndred and twenty-four are in the College and doing strictly collegiate work. Fifty-five of the ( College students ire residents of Baltimore and vicinity ; the others come mm a wide area north, south and west. GOUCHER HALL, and the new, unnamed Instruc- ion Hall, arc massive granite structures of the Roman- esque style of architecture. They are used for instruction tnd administration only. ( lareful attention lias been given ;o the details of their construction, and the requirements )f sanitation haw been punctiliously observed in the lystems of lighting, heating, ventilation and drainage. Every facility is afforded for class work and every con- venience for administration. Goucher Hall, with the rround upon which it stands, was the gift of the Rev. !ohn E\ Goucher. Its whole first Story is occupied with Jhemistry, Physics and Biology lecture-rooms and labora- ories, well lighted, ventilated through Hues, and equipped vith tables, sinks, troughs, hoods, hot-air chamber, fum- n<; chamber and Other accessories of approved method- of scientific instruction. BENNETT MEMORIAL HALL is the College rymnasium, — the gifl of Mr. I>. F. Bennett, of Balti- DOre, who dedicated it to the memory of his deceased vile. It is of Port Deposit granite, two stories in height, •ontains a swimming pool and walking track, is fitted vith the best modern appliances for both genera] and special gymnastic movements, including a set of 37 Sander machines, and is in even respect the equal of my edifice devoted to the physical training of women. rhe department of Physical Training is coordinate with he Literary and Scientific Departments. It is in the 6 82 Guide to the City of Baltimore. charge of a full Professor, a regularly educated physician, who has acquired valuable experience in both hospital and private practice and has given special attention to the study of Mechanical Therapeutics in Stockholm, Berlin, Paris and England. The Swedish system of training is used, and the instructors, who are graduates of the Royal Central Institute of Stockholm, Sweden, are acquainted both theoretically and practically with all the features of that system. THE COLLEGE HOMES. — These delightful build- ings have been planned with careful attention to the wants of those who are expected to occupy them. Xo money has been lavished on mere 1 embellishment, but no expense has been spared to render the interior cheerful and home- like. They are duplicates of each other, four stories in heiarht, containing rooms for sixty-five students. There arc no instruction rooms; they are wholly devoted to the purpose of residence. Elevators, two for each building, render all floors equally accessible. The dining-room and kitchen are upon the top floor, thus securing freedom from odors and gases. The plumbing has been done upon scientific principles and in a thorough manner; ventila- tion is perfect. A large parlor and an open hall upon each floor meet the social needs of the residents. The Homes arc fitted with perfect tire-escapes and an ample stairway at each end of the halls. They are heated throughout with hot water, lighted with gas and ade- quately supplied with baths. The floors of the rooms and halls are covered with rugs. COLLEGE CHAPEL.— The Chapel of the First Methodist Episcopal Church is, by the courtesy of the Educational Institutions. 83 Trustees, used for this purpose. It is connected with Goucher Hall by means of a bridge, and in it are held the morning religious exercises and the entertainments given by or to the students. ST. MARY'S SEMINARY OF ST. SULPICK is the oldest Catholic theological seminary in the United States. It occupies a series of substantial buildings, surrounded by spacious grounds and enclosed by a high brick wall, on the square bounded by Paca, Druid Hill avenue, Pennsylvania avenue and St. Mary's street. The Seminary owes its foundation in the first instance to Father Andre Emery, Superior-General of St. Sulpice, who, to save his Society from the destruction which the French National Assembly of 1790 threatened, conceived the project of founding a colony in the New World for the training of clerical candidates. The first episcopal See in the United States had just been erected in Balti- more, and Rt. Rev. John Carroll, the newly-consecrated Bishop, heartily favored the plan. In 1791 a little band of four Snlpicians, headed by Father Nagot, crossed over from Paris, and at once opened a Seminary on the same spot that is now occupied by the present institution. The limited number of young men who presented themselves for theological training (for the Catholics at that period were few and far scattered), induced the Snl- picians of St. Mary's to open a second school or academy, known as St. Mary's College, for secular education. This institution rapidly grew in numbers, and its reputation spread over the country and even abroad. In 1805 it was raised by the Legislature of Maryland to the rank of a University and granted the power of conferring degrees. 84 Guide to the City of Baltimore. For many years it flourished, exercising a most important educational influence upon the community and number- ing among its students men who subsequently graced the most varied walks of life. But the Sulpicians never forgot the prime purpose of their institution, and in 1 852, circumstances favoring, the general College department (to the great regret of the best people in Baltimore) was closed, as meanwhile a school, the sphere of which was limited to preparatory clerical training, had been opened in Howard County, on lands donated for the purpose by the venerable Charles Carroll, the signer of the Declara- tion of Independence. Before this one of their number, Father Dubois, had in 1809 founded Mt. St. Mary's Col- lege, Emmittsburg, which institution was later on given up by the community, as they found it impracticable to continue it as a preparatory school. After the Seminary was disentangled from the City College in 1852, the number of seminarians grew apace, and henceforth the Seminary steadily increased in prestige and efficiency. New buildings were erected at different times during the century, and in 1877 the first part of the present imposing edifice was occupied. Since then this building has been extended by the addition of wings. Among the Alumni of the institution are His Eminence the Cardinal, and many of the most honored in the ranks of the higher and lower Catholic clergy in the United States. The most notable event in the history of the Seminary occurred in the Autumn of 1884, when the sessions of the Third Plenary Council were held within its walls. An event almost as memorable in the life of the Seminary itself was the Centennial celebration of its founding, which took place on October 28th and 29th, 1891. Educational Institutions. 85 McDONOGH FARM SCHOOL.— On the Western Maryland Railroad, within easy access of the city, is located one of the most remarkable hoys' schools in the United States. It owes its existence to the philanthropy of John McDonogh, a wealthy merchant of Baltimore and New Orleans, who left one-eighth of the net income of his property for the establishment of a farm school near Baltimore. A farm of 835 acres was purchased and a handsome building erected. Here a body of 110 boys live, study, work and play like one great family. They perform the lighter work of the farm, — planting, weeding, binding and threshing. A printing office is conducted, where a weekly paper, The Week, is issued. Carpenter shops and machine shops are in active operation. Though confessedly a farm school and a manual training school, indoor studies are not allowed to suffer, and a graduate is prepared to enter any of the colleges of the country. An interesting account of the school from the pen of Mr. Charles D. Lanier will be found in The Review of Reviews, for May, 1892. A remarkable and scholarly monograph upon the curious social customs among the boys, entitled " Rudimentary Society Among Boys/' has been written by Mr. John Johnson, of Baltimore, and is published in the Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science. MEDICAL COLLEGES. Medical education in Baltimore prior to 1789 was obtained by the aspirant passing some years under the tutelage of some member of the profession, and in a few instances by attending lectures at an European university. 86 Guide to the City of Baltimore. The Medical Society of Baltimore was then formed for the promotion of medical knowledge. Lecturers were soon added, and the undertaking was attended with some success. Ten years later the Medical Chirurgical Faculty was established by act of the General Assembly. This society was authorized to elect a medical board of ex- aminers, who were to grant licenses to practice medicine after a sufficient test of the fitness of applicants. In 1808 the General Assembly chartered the College of Medicine of Maryland, and four years later it was made one of the brandies of the University of Maryland. The history of that institution has already been noted. In 1833 the Washington Medical College was formed. Its first building was on Holliday street, opposite the old City Hall. It prospered so that it soon afterwards erected the building on Broadway now occupied by the Church Home. This location proved too remote, and the college was moved to the New Assembly Rooms building at Lombard and Hanover streets. In 1851 mismanagement led to the closing up of the institution. It was revived in 1867, and occupied the building on the northeast corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. In 1872 differences in the faculty of the above medical col- lege led to a split, and the dissenting wing organized the present institution. Although the first course of lectures was attended by twenty-five students, it rapidly expanded, and in 1877 absorbed the older body. It now occupies a handsome building of pressed brick with brown stone trimmings at the corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. The faculty consists of eleven professors and fourteen Educational Institutions. 87 assistants. The college exercises exclusive control over the Baltimore City Hospital, whose new building adjoins its own, and over the Maryland Lying-in Asylum. It also has the privileges of Bay View Asylum, Hebrew Hospital, Children's Nursery and Hospital, and other institutions. THE BALTIMORE MEDICAL. COLLEGE, on Howard street above Madison, organized in 1881, has entire control of the Maryland General Hospital on Linden avenue, with its Eye and Ear, and Lying-in departments. It has a faculty of eleven professors and nine assistants. Its students in 1891 numbered one hun- dred and twenty-four, of whom fifty-two were graduated. THE BALTIMORE UNIVERSITY was founded in 1884 by former members of the Baltimore Medical College. It consists of a School of Medicine, with dental and veterinary departments, and a Law School. It has met with pronounced success, its students numbering in 1891 one hundred and twenty-four, of whom fifty-two were graduated. THE WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE was or- ganized in 1882. It is situated on Druid Hill avenue, corner of Hoffman street. The Hospital of the Good Samaritan is under its control. Its faculty numbers twelve professors, with many lecturers and assistants. Twenty-two students were in attendance during its last session. The institution has met with considerable suc- cess, and may be said to have paved the way for the admission of female students to the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity Medical School when it opens, a large endowment fund having been offered and accepted on condition that 88 Guide to the (My of Baltimore. the facilities of the institution be open to women as well as men. THE BALTIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY was the first dental college organized in the world. It was chartered by the Legislature of Mary- land, and has had an uninterrupted career of growth and expansion. The college was first established on Sharp, between Lombard and Pratt streets, and after several removals was finally located at its present site on the southeast corner of Franklin and Eutaw streets. The structure occupied is four stories in height and admir- ably equipped for its purposes. THE MARYLAND COLLEGE OF PHARMACY was organized in 1840, and now occupies the large build- ing at the corner of Fayette and Aisquith streets. This structure was erected in 1830, and was the first public grammar school building built in Baltimore. PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS.— Baltimore is particu- larly fortunate in the possession of a large number of educational institutions, for both sexes, that can be classed under this head. Especially notable are Calvert Institute, with a magnificent white stone building at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry streets; Bryn Mawk School, whose fine home at the corner of Cathe- dral and Preston streets is the gift of Miss Mary Garrett ; Academy of the Visitation, on Centre street and Park avenue ; Oliver Hibernian Free School, on North near Saratoga streets ; Loyola College, under the direction of the Jesuit Fathers, on Calvert and Madison streets; Mt. I>e Sales Academy, Frederick Road near Catonsville ; Notre Dame of Maryland, on the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad. X. ART AND SCIENCE. THE PEABODY INSTITUTE. FOUNDATION. — This great foundation was en- dowed by George Peabody, an American banker, who at that time resided in London, but who had made the first part of his great fortune in Baltimore, between the years 1815 and 1836. A strong friendship for the people of this city led him to determine that he would found an institution which should advance the intel- lectual and moral culture of the whole community. In the year 1854, after consultation with friends in Balti- more as to the kind of institution which might best fulfil his purposes, he proceeded to develop the scheme. With the aid of the Hon. John P. Kennedy and one or two other associates, he matured a plan which he embodied in a letter, dated February 12, 1857, to twenty-five gentlemen of this city whom he selected to be trustees to carry his designs into effect. At the same time he placed a fund of $300,000 (subsequently increased to $1/240,000) at their disposal, to be expended in securing a site, erect- ing a building, and maintaining an educational establish- ment of the highest order, which should includea Library, 89 90 Guide to the City of Baltimore. a School of Lectures, an Academy of Music, a Gallery of Art and a System of Premiums to the High Schools of the city. These gentlemen accepted the trust in the spirit of the founder, and immediately proceeded to secure a piece of ground for a building. A site was selected on Mount Vernon Place near the Washington Monument, and a massive white marble building, 150 feet long by 75 leet wide, was begun in 1858, and the corner-stone laid on the 16th of April, 1859. This wing was finished and ready tor use in the autumn of 1861. During the first three years, the collections of books grew less rapidly than later, because of the high rates of exchange and the necessity of importing books from Europe. Only books of scholarly value were to be col- lected, and much time was spent in preparing printed lists of such as were suitable for a library of reference. From 1861 to the month of May, 1866, about 15,000 volumes had been collected, and their titles, written on cards, were placed in drawers for the free use of all persons who came to read in the Library. A new appro- priation of $100,000 was then made for books and maps. Large orders were sent to the three agents in Europe, and great numbers of volumes were shipped to the Institute before the close of the year 1866. The Library, which had been placed and arranged on the second floor of the west wing, was formally opened to the public on October 25, 1866, in the presence of the founder. The work of the Institute was now in full operation. The Library was open to the public from 9 until 4 o'clock daily, except Sunday ; courses of lectures were delivered in the autumn and winter, public concerts of orchestral Art and Science. 91 music were given in the large hall, and premiums of money and gold medals were annually conferred upon the most distinguished graduates of the city high schools. By 1867 the library had secured more than 22,000 bound volumes, and the written catalogue included about 100,000 cards. Two years later a more complete organization of nearly all departments of the Institute had been developed and plans of management adopted which have mostly con- tinued to the present time. Mr. Peabody placed the Library first in his scheme of organization, and recognizing this fact, the new Provost, Dr. N. H. Morison, directed his most earnest attention to the steady increase of the already valuable collection of books, until at the time of his death in November, 1890, the Library contained 100,000 volumes. He also super- intended the construction of the catalogue, directed the series of lectures, attended to the general interests of the Conservatory of Music, and regulated the business of the Institute in connection with the Committee controlling the several departments. In the month of April, 1875, a new wing of the build- ing was added. This new division extended the front to a width of nearly 175 feet, and gave place for a Library Hall and work rooms capable of accommodating nearly 500,000 volumes, a reading-room with space for seating 100 persons, two large rooms on the second floor to hold statuary, and a basement divided into two fine Lecture Halls, with the accompanying smaller rooms and janitor's apartments. After the completion of the building, the library, num- bering 40,000 volumes, was removed to the new wing; 92 Guide to the City of Baltimore. and the old hall was fitted for and occupied by the Gallery of Paintings. No further alterations of note have since been made, and this " University for the People" is now carrying the blessings of the higher education down to the e very-day life of this community, and touching all the outlying sections of the neighborhood with the bene- dictions pronounced by Mr. Peabody. LIBRARY. — This important department of the In- stitute has reached a position of great importance to all classes of the community, but especially to the Johns Hopkins University, and to members of the learned pro- fessions, resident in this city. At the present time it numbers nearly 100,000 volumes, distributed throughout almost everv branch of knowledge. Free to all, and as accessible as it can be readily made, it is meant to be the study of the student and the resort of the investigator. The treasures that it contains are limited to no country, language or time. It seeks to get the best that exists, in all topics of human investigation. The material with which it is most fully endowed is that of history, repre- sented by more than 12,000 volumes. Science in all its branches embraces at least 11,000 volumes. English literature, including the drama, essays and criticism, comprehends more than 5,500 volumes. Biography is still richer in the number of volumes, while more than 5,000 volumes of English and foreign periodicals deco- rate the shelves at the north end of the Library. The fine arts, archaeology and music occupy a large place in the collection, as likewise do the works relating to oriental literature, the Greek and Latin classics, phil- ology in all branches, and the best of all, the voyages Art and Science. 93 and travels of ancient and modern times. Nearlv all the books referred to in Professor C. K. Adams' Manual of Historical Literature may be found there, as likewise those in Tylor's History of Primitive Culture, in Lecky's History of European Morals, in Lea's History of the Inquisition, in Darwin's Origin of Species, etc. Works which have been jealously guarded as unique treasures in one or another of the public libraries of England or France have been reprinted by subscription, and now substantial copies of these rareties grace the collections of the Peabody Library. The printing clubs which have sprung up in England and Scotland, such as the Spenser Society, the Chaucer Society, the Early English Text Society, the Fuller Worthies Library, etc., and have published choice literary gems from private libraries, are likewise well represented in this Library. Time fails for the enumeration of many of the good things that are now being enjoyed by students in the Library of the Peabody Institute. By a recent decision of the Trustees the Library is kept open during all the fall and winter months from 9 o'clock in the morning until 10.30 at night. GALLERY OF ART. — Above the Library is the Gallery of Art. Here is an extensive collection of antique casts, presented by the late John W. Garrett. In another part are reproductions of Renaissance and modern art from the same donor. The Rinehart corridor contains the original casts of portrait busts from the Roman studio of the distinguished American sculptor. They were brought from Rome in 1874 and deposited in the Institute by his executors in 1879. A case near by 94 Guide to the City of Baltimore. contains Rinehart's professional instruments and a laurel wreath made by the artists of Rome and laid upon his coffin. A case of antique terra-cottas, belonging to the Baltimore Branch of the Archaeological Institute of America, contains some rare types of early ceramic work. The gems of the Gallery are a series of marbles and bronzes, the legacy of John W. McCoy, contained in the Clytie room. The apartment takes its name from the central figure, Rinehart's masterpiece. In the same room are EzekiePs Head of Christ, and Faith, and a finely- executed bust of Mr. McCoy, by Keyser. The picture gal- lery is almost entirely the gift of Mr. McCoy. It contains some of the best specimens of American art, including canvasses by Hovenden, Bolton Jones, A. J. H. Way and Rembrandt Peale. Catalogues can be secured at the desk. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC— A large part of the west wing, above the lecture hall, is occupied by the Conservatory of Music, where the Director, Mr. Asger Hamerik, assisted by six Professors, conducts the studies of advanced pupils who, after critical examination, have been admitted to the privileges of the department of music. In the large hall, lectures and symphony concerts of the highest grade are given during the winter season, and in the smaller halls musical recitals and students' concerts are conducted throughout the scholastic term. WALTERS' ART GALLERY. The galleries of Mr. William T. Walters, No. 5 Mt. Vernon Place, contain the finest private art collection in this country. No hint of this is afforded by the exterior Art and Science. 9 5 of the plain, old-fashioned house under the shadow of the Washington Monument. Spacious and substantial, it has the air of permanence peculiar to the houses of Mount Vernon Place and nothing more. The large parlors contain bronzes, cases of rare old silver, and groups of Royal Worcester, Dresden and Sevres, which elsewhere would be counted noteworthy. There is a dainty chamber fitted up in blue, with furniture and wall-hangings of the time of Marie Antoinette. There is another furnished in the old Dutch style, with richly-carved cabinet, a delight- ful writing desk, with brass mountings. Another upper room contains bronzes and water colors by Barye, who was among French artists in bronze what Rosa Bonheur is among painters. Rare French vases and bronzes catch the eye in the panelled dining-room. The first gallery at the rear of the house is lined and nearly filled with cases of porcelains. On the walls hang tapestries with colors as soft and beautiful as those of the Persian rugs upon the floor. In the centre, upon a stand of teak wood and brass, is a bronze some eight feet high, with dragons writhing up its sides toward the figure of a daimio on top. The slight ebony framework of these great cases presents no interference with the splendid effect of the porcelains within. Here are vases fashioned under the famous Ming dynasty, 1368-1649 ; others of the early eighteenth century, showing in their decorations the effect of European influences; here is a stately array of blue and white ware, with the so-called hawthorn, really plum- blossom, decoration, and near by is a little vase, perhaps rarest of all to connoisseurs, with white panels relieved by black, upon which the hawthorn pattern reappears. 96 Guide to the City of Baltimore, There is no time here i<> dwell upon the solid colors, the bullock's blood, ( Jhinese while, turquoise, mustard yellow, sage green and tea color, or upon the one hundred and fifty examples of egg-shell porcelain. There are 1,400 specimens of the Chinese ceramic art, each selected by Mr. Walters or by his son, who inherits his cultivated tastes and fine judgment, for i( is worth while to bear in mind thai this is not a dealer's collection, but every object is the result of the ripe experience of the collector. Japanese as well as Chinese art Hnds a place in this gallery. 'There is a case of genuine Satsuma, whose creamy yellow and pale chocolate hues and delicate crackle are known to most people only through imita- tions. There are 100 Japanese porcelains and potteries, and the whole ceramic display illustrates the history of the ait for over 800 years. Nothing now can be said of the drawers filled with Chinese flagons and Japanese sword guards, pipes and lot) swords, " the jewelry of Japan." In a covered bridge extending over an alley from this lirst room to the picture gallery are scores of bronzes, including several by Saymin and Gorosa, among which is a little group of the most exquisite porcelains in the collection, examples of the bullock's blood, peach-blow and coral splashes. In the picture gallery are four large cases containing royal lacquers, and rows of drawers Idled with Netsukes, ivory carvings and Inros. This is the sum of the Oriental department, — some 200 bronzes, 200 metal objects of gold, silver, iron and copper; ISO swords, 300 sword guards, and 400 other appliances of the sword ; 500 ivory carvings, and 500 lacquers, illustrating the history of lacquer-work for Art and Science. 97 over 700 years. With the porcelains and a few miscel- laneous pieces, the Oriental department contains 4,100 objects, chosen, in the language of the collector, "to secure characteristic example of the beautiful, rather than of the merely curious. " The gallery of oil paintings represent a similarly intel- ligent and catholic process of judgment. Mr. Walters has reversed the principle of nothing for art and everything for show. There is no other collec- tion of pictures in America that equals in importance and interest his collection. There are great public galleries in Europe that far overshadow it, especially in their dis- play of the works of the middle-age masters; but there is no collection, public or private, in Europe that equals it in its high standard of excellence or in the variety of* the schools represented, nor are there anywhere galleries so handsome, so agreeable in proportion, or so fitting in adaptation to use and in beauty of decoration. The pic- tures themselves are a complete index to the best art of this century. Nothing is missing, and every example is of the best manner of the master it represents. There can be no higher purpose in forming a collection than is herein implied, and it has been maintained steadily from the beginning. The collector has had in mind to illustrate the art his- tory of the century by examples of men whose influence had been most strongly felt. In France, art expression of the religious sentiment of Ary Scheffer and the fiery spirit of Horace Yernet are followed by examples of Delacroix and Delaroche, and these by examples of Jalabert and Yvon ; four works by Gerome, including the " Diogenes " 7 98 Guide to the City of Baltimore. and "Christian Martyrs:" five by Millet, four by Rous- seau, three by Corot, three by Fromentin, tour by Dau- bigny, three by Dupre and a Troyon. One croup of four Landscapes, which include Rousseau's magnificent " Winter Solitude," is the artistic center of the collection. Couture, Decamps, Gleyre, Esabey, Saint Jean, Plassan, with Meissonier, Herbert. Schreyer, De Xeuville, Detaille, Jacque, Van Marcke and Ziem, — these names may serve to indicate the extent to which French art is represented. Fortuny, Jiminez and Rico illustrate the Franco- Spanish school; Baron Leys' "Edict of Charles Y," speaks for modern Belgian art ; the Achenbachs, Preyer, Vautier and Iliddemann represent Dusseldorfj Gallait and Clays, Brussels; Professor Muller, Vienna; Carl Becker and Knaus, Berlin ; Miilais, Alma Tadema and Boughton, England ; and America is represented by Gilbert Stuart. A. B. Durand, C. L. Elliott, George A. Baker, F. E. Church, Eastman Johnson and H. Bolton Jones. Necessarily in so small a collection, the repre- sentation is little more than an incomplete expression of the collector's purpose. Among other pictures Millet's original design in black and white for the "Angelus" easily stands first in point of interest. The water-color room opening from the first gallery contains water colors by Alma Tadema, Green, Fortuny, Meissonier, a drawing in india ink by Rousseau, and another in ink ami pastel, together with statues by Rine- hart and Palmer. 1 ! The Gallery is described in detail in The 'Times and The Sun of New York, February 27. 188 Art and Science. 99 The Gallery is open to the public at a nominal fee, fehe proceeds of which are devoted to a public charity, every Wednesday in February and March, and Wednes- days and Saturdays in April. Also on February 22, and Easter Mondav. MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIi:TY.— This body was organized in 1844 for the purpose of arranging and collecting material relating to the early history of the State. The result of a half century's activity is a substantial building, known as the Athenaeum Building, on Saratoga near Charles streets, an art gallery, and a priceless collection of manuscripts, documentary records, volumes and pamphlets. The Society has done inestima- ble service in rescuing and causing to be published under scholarly editorship the neglected Provincial Records of Maryland. The building is reached from a side entrance on Saratoga street. The first floor is devoted to library and reading-room purposes, and contains a vault where are stored the manuscript records of the Society. A winding stair leads to the second floor, where three connecting galleries are tilled with paintings and curios, forming what has been called the finest col- lection of ancient art in the United States. The central and largest one, in shape and mode of lighting almost identical with one of the many rooms in the Louvre, contains about 200 paintings. Several are of colossal size. There are three Murillos, full of his usual brightness; two fine examples of P. P. Rubens ; a Rembrandt landscape, poetry on canvas ; landscapes by Adrian Vandenvelde, Moncheron, Snayres and others. There are marines by Vernst, Brooking, Vandeuvelde L.cfC. 100 Guide to the City of Baltimore. and Backhuysen. A Dutch merry-making is by Jan Van St ion. There are also portraits by Allori, Sir Joshua Rey- nolds, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Gilbert Stuart. Sully, Angelica Kauffman, the modern W. P. Frith and others. Five colossal paintings, good copies, are of the noted and priceless treasures of European art museums. " Madonna, San Sixtus."' Ratfaelle: " Marriage at (ana." Paul Vero- nese : " Le Xotte," Correggio : " Peter Martyr/ 5 Titian ; " Communion of St. Jerome," Domenichino. There is also a genuine " Madonna " by Kailaelle Sanzio himself, exquisite in tone and the gem of the collection. In statuary there are copies of the master-works, " The Dying Gladiator," "Venus," "Canova," and "Apollo Belvidere." In addition to all this, the reception-room is furnished with quaint curios from everywhere — armor, bust>. models, curious stones and the like, while the farther gallery contains a rare collection of historical portraits, among which are large paintings of Washing- ton, Lafayette, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The collection of other portraits is ample and interesting. The Gallery is open from 10 a. m. till 4 p. M., when a cultivated lady custodian receives visitors, and assists by explanations to a thorough" appreciation of the collection. MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.— This body was organized in 1863, and for many years was loeated on Mulberry near Cathedral streets. The build- ing contained an almost complete collection of the fauna and flora of the State, besides minerals, Indian relies, ete. A considerable part was exhibited in the Maryland State Building at the Centennial Exhibition in 187b, and again Art and Science. 101 at the New Orleans Exposition in 1884. The building of the Academy was condemned in 1883 in order to extend Cathedral street, and the cases of specimens were removed to the Athenaeum Building. These quarters proving inadequate, and failing to receive proper encour- agement, the Academy turned over its entire natural history collection to the Johns Hopkins University. Recently Mr. Enoch Pratt purchased and presented to the institution the old Maryland Club building, corner of Cathedral and Franklin streets. This welcome gift has infused new life into the almost defunct organization, and it has been successfully reorganized. MARYLAND INSTITUTE. — The extensive granite building erected over historic Marsh or Centre Market, at Baltimore and Harrison streets, is the home of this organization. Formed originally in 1818 as a mechanics' institute, it has gradually expanded until it now includes a library, a night school, and a school of design, around which last centers its chief activity. The course of instruc- tion is complete and elaborate, and the work accomplished and results attained are of a high order. The institution is largely sustained by its own membership, but receives an annual appropriation from the city, in return for which each Councilman is entitled to appoint a holder of a free scholarship. Annual exhibitions of students' work are held and attract much attention. CHARCOAL CLUB. — This organization was founded by a few Baltimore artists and some outsiders interested in art. The former wished frequent meetings for mutual improvement, the latter wanted to meet the artists. The original membership was accordingly mainly composed 102 Guide to the City of Baltimore. of amateurs and art lovers, whose wealth made the Club possible. From its inception the Club was distinctly Bohemian. A few rooms were first rented on North Charles street. Here the members met every night, talked art and nothing else, and made the air blue with tobacco smoke. The Club continued to flourish and to grow in popularity, until now its usefulness is un- questioned. The present headquarters of the Club are at the north- west corner of Howard and Franklin streets, over the Provident Savings Bank. The building is a neat and substantial, but unpretentious one. and but few who pass it stop to consider its vital importance to the city as a cradle and nursery of art. It is a truly unique institu- tion of Baltimore's social life, endeared alike to the conservative citizen of education and refinement, the man of fashion, the respectable Bohemian and the artist, which apparently antagonistic elements it unites in an associa- tion at once odd and congenial. A day school is in active operation under an instructor of great ability. Models are supplied without expense to students, and every facility for study is afforded. A night lite class meets three times a week to draw from the nude, while on Saturday there is an extra class, composed largely of voting women engaged in stores and school teaching. DECORATIVE ART SOCIETY.— An interesting display of artistic handiwork can always be seen at the rooms of this organization, 315 North Charles street. Its object is to promote all matters relating to decorative art, and to give means of self-support to those fitted specially for such work, by instruction in the proper principles of Art and Science. 103 art and by the opportunity to dispose of finished work. Two classes are maintained, one in art needle-work and one in drawing and painting, with a number of free scholars in each class, and low prices for general tuition. Any person whatever may send art work to the Society for sale. Articles are examined by a committee and accepted or rejected, according to a standard of artistic merit. If accepted and if sold, the Society keeps 10 per cent of the sales. The Society takes orders for work of various kinds, and keeps constantly employed a number of women, many of whom have been instructed in its studios. LIBRARIES. ENOCH PRATT FKEE LIBRARY. — This insti- tution was founded by Enoch Pratt, a native of North Middleborough, Massachusetts, who first became a resi- dent of Baltimore in 1831, entering into business as a commission merchant. Fifty-one years after this, he offered to the Mayor and City Council a proposition to establish a Free Circulating Library for the benefit of the whole city. His plan was to erect for its accommo- dation a fire-proof building, capable of holding 200,000 volumes, which would cost about $250,000, together with four branches in different parts of the city, and to give in addition the sum of eight hundred and thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three and a third dollars, provided the city would grant and create an annuity of fifty thousand dollars per annum forever, payable quarterly to the Board of Trustees, for the sup- port and maintenance of the Library and its branches. 101 Guide to the Cifu of Baltimore* The offer and the conditions being accepted, a Board of Trustees named by Mr, Pratt, with powers of self- perpetuation, was entrusted with the important duty ol superintendence, Mr, Pratt, in his letters to his Hoard. states that the books are " tor all, rich ami poor, without distinction of race or color, who, when properly accredited, can takeout the books, if they will handle them carefully and return them," The Central Building is on Mulberry near Cathe- dral streets, with a front- age of eightv-two toot and a depth of one hundred ami forty-two feet. The front is of marble, the building being treated in the bold Romanesque style, with characteristic semi-circular forms, relief mouldings, enriched by carvings and embellish- ments. The Branch Li- braries, of which there are five, arc Located as follows: branch No, L, corner of Fremont and Pitcher streets j branch No. 2, corner of Hollins and Calhoun streets; branch No. 3, corner of Light and Gittings streets; branch No. 1. corner of Canton and O'Ponnell streets; and branch No. 5, corner of Broadway and Miller streets, They arc built of brick, one story in height, tony by seventy feet, with high, well-lighted basements. Their capacity is about twenty thousand volumes each. The Puk Enoch Pratt Frkk Li Art (tad Seience. 105 six library buildings are supplied with reading-rooms and stock-rooms (or the accommodation of books. Tin- reading-room <»C the Central Library is open to visitors and readers from 9 a. m. to l<> p. m. each week (lav, and those of the Branches from 2 p. m. to !) p. m. OTHER LIBRARIES takea pari in contributing to the culture and improvement of various classes of the people of Baltimore. The New Mercantile Library has a delightful home <>n Charles near Saratoga streets, and is a private circulating library and reading-room. The Library of St. Mary's Coixege is composed oi about 16,000 volumes, mostly of theological and ecclesi- astical literature, and now devoted to the use of semi- narians of lli< i order of St. Sulpice. Another important library in the department of ecclesiastical literature is thai bequeathed to the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Mary- land by the late Bishop Whittingham:. There is also a legal library of ih<' Baltimore Bar, placed in the courthouse, and maintained al the expense of the lawyers of this city; the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland have their LIBRARY OF MEDICAL AND SuRGI- oal \\«>iks, and lliis is well provided with the currenl journals and periodicals of the profession. The Odd Fellows Association have also long maintained a library for the benefit of their members, which now numbers aboul 22,000 volumes. The Methodist His- torical Socibtyj likewise, owns a large and valuable collection of books, papers and manuscripts illustrating the w«»rk of thai church in the United Stales. This library has recently been placed in the Woman's College. XI. CHARITABLE AND HUMANE INSTITUTIONS. Few cities have made more adequate or generous pro- vision for tlu^ relief of the sick, needy and the infirm than Baltimore. A " Directory of the Charitable and Beneficent Organizations of Baltimore," issued by the Local Charity Organization Society, tonus a volume of 1 tO pages, and describes several hundred institution-. The appropriations made by the city to charitable insti- tutions in 1892 amounted to some $320,000. In the following pages it has been necessary to hear in mind the interest and desire of the ordinary visitor, rather than of one specially interested in philanthropic work. For anything like a complete enumeration, the reader is referred to the admirable compilation mentioned above. HOSPITALS AND HOMES. THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, while not the largest, is certainly in construction and equipment the finest hospital in the world. To the visitor it ranks, with the Johns Hopkins University, the Peabody Insti- tute, and the Woman's College, as one of the local institu- tions of chief interest, and under no circumstances should 106 Charitable and Humane Institutions. 107 he fail to examine it. The institution is conveniently situated, being reached either by the Aisquith street or Centre street cars. Wednesday afternoon, from 3 to 5 o'clock, is especially designated as visiting day, guides being then provided for the thorough inspection of the institution. The beautiful grounds of the Hospital include four entire blocks, containing about fourteen acres, with a frontage of 709 feet, and extending back 356 feet. The elevation at the gateway is 94 feet above mean tide, at the base of the main building 108 feet, rising in the rear to 115 feet. The Hospital, as has been elsewhere stated, is the second of the two foundations of Johns Hopkins, who left almost his entire fortune in two equal parts for these purposes. During the three years which followed his death, the Trustees were busily engaged in procuring plans for the Hospital from many experts in hospital construction, which were finally adopted April 17, 1877. Excavations were begun June 23, 1877, and the work of construction consumed the following twelve years. The completed Hospital was formally opened with appro- priate ceremonies on May 7, 1889. The buildings, having a special relation to the educa- tional features of the institution — namely, the Amphi- theatre, Dispensary and Pathological Laboratory — are located on the northeast portion of the grounds, near the land owned by the Johns Hopkins University, upon which the buildings of the Medical Department are to be placed. In addition to the buildings shown on the block plan, the original plan of the institution provides 108 Guide to the City of Baltimore. for a row of five wards on the south side, opposite to and corresponding with the row of buildings on the north side of the lot. All the buildings, except the gate lodge, the Pathological Laboratory, the laundry and the stable, are connected by a covered corridor, the top of which forms an open terrace walk. Beneath the covered corridor is a passage-way, containing the pipes for heating, lighting, water supply, sewage, etc., which is called the pipe tunnel, and is really a half-basement passage rather than a tunnel. The buildings are constructed of brick, with trimmings of Cheat River stone and moulded terracotta. Those on the main, or west front, are constructed of pressed brick. The foundations of the principal buildings are of a solid concrete base or of broad flags of Port Deposit granite. The interior construction is of like kind. The floors of all wards and rooms for the sick are of edge-grain Georgia pine, which was soaked in water for six months and then preserved dry for several years before it was dressed for use. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the Hospital is its method of heating and ventilation. The system of heating is that known as a " hot water system/' and con- sists of a network of iron pipes through which circulates hot water of comparatively low pressure and temperature. The heat is furnished by two sets of boilers, from which the heated water passes out through the main delivery pipes, which are of cast iron, with an inside diameter of 26 inches. From these " mains " branches are given off to each building. These branches in turn give off smaller branches to supply the coils over which the air to be heated passes. From these coils the water which has been Charitable and Humane Institutions. 109 cooled in heating the air returns to the boilers byaseoond system of pipes exactly analogous to that jus! described, except that it is located <>n ;i lower level. The circuit is, therefore, a closed one, none of the water being drawn off or used at any point. The force which sets the water in circulation is the difference in weight between the heated Water which passes mil from the boilers and I he cooled Water which leaves (he coils on its return to the boilers. The two columns of water being ol* equal height, but of different temperatures (the difference ordinarily being from 8°-15° F\), have, therefore, different specific gravities. By means of valves upon the mains, the branches and the coils, the velocity of the flow and consequently the amount id' heat required in any building, <>r at a given point in that building, may easily he regulated. The entire system contains about 175,000 gallons of water, and produces an equable agreeable temperature in all the buildings to which it is distributed under all con- ditions of cold weather and with the fullest ventilation. The system of ventilation, which is inseparable from the heating, depends for its force, like the circulating water, upon the difference in specific gravity between equal volumes of air of different temperatures. Under each ward are TJ of (he coils above referred to. Each coil is located in a brick Hue, which conducts the air upward over the coil and into a register with a clear opening of one square foot located in the wall of the Ward just above the lloor and between the beds. At the hot (om of each of these Hues are two openings, — one admitting air directly from outside, the other admit- ting air from the basement, or ventilating chamber, — the 1 1 wl ile v, •.--. r the purpose atul used tor wes g against the outside wall v give rise t draughts in the w - whereas - - and the . admitted to the vent - which windows, its will i destroyed and it will igh tho Sues ss i the • ■■ Ft - ass - bed, rhes gs ght into . larg in i passes an ■ pef s located as L in this coil is s this sh* agisters, thos a sh wards, an so construct - rhe tern] I ssing in .. - - r, the k possession sftremes irm admitted as ited - g \ risfcs bis ^-opening in gs d. WOLFE ST. BROADV/AY J0HN8 HOPKINS hospital— PLAT OF BUILDINGS, a. Administration Building. Bi Female Pay Ward. G. Male Pay VVanl. i>. Male Surgical Ward. K. Female Surgical Ward. F, Male Medical Ward. <;. Female Medical Ward. H. Gynaecologioal Ward. I. Isolating Ward. K. Kilclien. L. Laundry. N. Nurses' Home. 0. Dispensary. II. Pathological Building. 8. Stable. u. Amphitheatre. X. Apothecary's Building. Y. I "iii.lt House. Charitable and Humane Institutions. I I I object of these openings is ili<' liberation oi over-heated air, and experiment has shown that al such limes as the lical is loo greal for comfort the temperature in (he ward can easily be brought to a point of comforl in ten or fifteen minutes by opening these ventilators. Ordinarily these openings arc kept closed. The objecl aimed at in lliis system of ventilation and heating lias been to supply to each individual occupying the ward at least one cubic Cool of fresh ail' per second, of such a temperature as to give rise at no lime to feel- ings of discomfort ; and this end has been gained. CITY HOSPITAL. — This occupies a nc\\ and well- equipped structure of pressed I trick, with stone trimmings, on Calvert and Saratoga streets, the site of the "Old City Spring." It is under l he medical care of (he College <>f* Physicians and Surgeons, and was built by the Sisters of Mercy. It contains abonl 300 beds, of which 75 are sustained by the city. A new building for the use of colored patients is now under process of erection. Other similar institutions are the Maryland Uni- versity Hospital, on Lombard and Greene streets, under the University of Maryland School of Medicine; the MARYLAND GENERAL HOSPITAL, 809 Linden avenue, under the Baltimore Medical College; the Maryland Homoeopathic Hospital, on 320 North Paca street; St. Joseph's Hospital, on Caroline and Hodman streets. The Church Home and Infirmary occupies a fine structure on Broadway and Hampstead si reel, and pro- vides a home for sick and otherwise distressed persons belonging to the Protestant Episcopal Church and for 112 Guide to the City of Baltimore. others. Home or the Aged oe the Methodist Epis- copal Church is a similar institution, with a well-built structure at the corner of Fulton avenue and Franklin street. The Hebrew Hospital and Asylum, on Monument and Ann streets, oilers surgical treatment and medical service and care to needy sick persons of all creeds, and a permanent home for the infirm and desti- tute The German Home for Aged Persons, on Baltimore and Pason streets, affords a permanent home to aged men and women of Baltimore, without regard to nationality or religion. The Aged Men's Home, at the cornci- of Lexington and Calhoun streets, and the Aged Women's Home adjoining, receive persons upon the payment of a certain fee, varying according to age and residence. ORPHAN ASYLUMS. BALTIMORE ORPHAN ASYLUM, now located on the east side of Strieker, above Lexington streets, is one of the oldest charitable institutions of the city. It was incorporated as early as 1778 and received its present name in 184G. It is designed for the physical mainte- nance and moral and intellectual education of orphan children of both sexes and all denominations. The chil- dren enter the institution at an early age, receive a plain but substantial education, and are trained to habits of good order and industry. To be admitted the child must have lost one or both parents, must be five years of age, and must remain under the control of the insti- tution until the age of eighteen tor girls and twenty-one for boys. Charitable and Humane Institutions. 113 THE GERMAN ORPHAN ASYLUM is on Ais- quith, south of Orleans streets. The present building was completed in 1874, and is constructed of brick with Ohio stone trimmings. It consists of a main building and two wings, and has a front of one hundred and twenty-five feet. Its general object is the care and education of destitute children. Boys and girls of any nationality or denomination are admitted. Children are sent to the public schools and attend churches of various denomina- tions. The girls are taught sewing, cooking, house-work and laundry-work. At the age of fourteen, boys are bound out to learn a trade ; at the same age most of the girls are found homes or situations as domestics. A Ladies' Sewing Society makes all the children's clothes and sup- plies children when sent out with outfits. The capacity of the institution is 140, and it is sustained by the inter- est of an endowment, by private contributions, and by State aid. THE THOMAS WILSON SANITARIUM is a summer retreat for the sick children of the poor, founded by the philanthropist whose name it bears. The site of the Sanitarium, at Mt. Wilson, on the Western Maryland Railroad, is one of the most beautiful and healthful points in the vicinity of Baltimore, being 600 feet above tide- water. Eight buildings and a water tower are now in course of erection, and the full design embraces six addi- tional buildings, to be put up at some future time. The work of the Wilson Sanitarium embraces day excursions for sick infants aud their mothers, and continuous stay for a number of cases, where recovery will be promoted by a term of days at the Sanitarium. Colored children 8 1 1 4 Guide to the City of Baltimore. as well as whites are provided for. The establishment of depots for the preparation and sale of food for children, the distribution of directions for the proper care and treatment oi' such infants and kindred hygienic subjects, and the instruction of mothers by trained nurses, are all within the scope of this charity. Of the many similar institutions, mention can only be made of St. Vincent's Infant Asylum, Townsend and Division streets, under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. and caring for some 175 children; Hebrew Orphan Asylum, on Calverton Heights, admitting children be- tween four and twelve, and sustained largely by private contributions ; Home of the Friendless, on Druid Hill avenue and Townsend street; Nursery and Child's Hospital, occupying a beautiful site on Franklin and Schroeder streets ; the Garrett Sanitarium for Chil- dren, at Mt. Airey ; the Samuel Ready Asylum for Female Orphans, finely situated on North and Har- ford avenue-. INSANE ASYLUMS. THE MARYLAND HOSPITAL FOR INSANE is located at Spring Grove, near Catonsville, a suburb of the city. The Hospital buildings are surrounded by 135 acres of ground, and are among the most complete of their kind in existence, accommodating nearly five hun- dred patients. The institution is sustained by State, city] and county appropriations, and by the fees of a limited number of pay patients. It is controlled by a board of nine managers, appointed by the Governor for six years, three retiring every two years. The Maryland Hospital Charitable and Humane Institutions. 115 was founded as a general hospital in 1797, on the site where the Johns Hopkins Hospital now stands. In 1828 its control was turned over to the State, which vested it in a corporation. In 1840 the buildings were enlarged by a grant of the Legislature, and it was pro- vided that the Hospital should be devoted entirely to lunatics and insane. In 1852 the present site was pur- chased and the present buildings erected. MOUNT HOPE RETREAT is located in the midst of spacious and well-kept grounds at Mt. Hope, on the Western Maryland Railroad. It is under the manage- ment of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph of Emmits- burg (R. C), and is supported by receipts from pay patients and from Baltimore City and Counties. Its purpose is to care for sick, inebriate and insane persons. Owing to lack of accommodations, but few sick are received. The number of inmates varies from five hun- dred to six hundred. Attached to the grounds, which contain a boating lake and picnic grounds for the use of patients, is a farm of some three hundred acres. THE SHEPPARD ASYLUM.— Among the many notable institutions of Baltimore and its vicinity for the relief of the sick or the care of the helpless, the Sheppard Asylum deserves special notice. It was founded by the late Moses Sheppard, of Baltimore, whose bequest has by gradual accumulation become nearly $700,000. His purpose was to found an institution "to carry forward and improve the ameliorated system of treatment of the insane irrespective of expense." The institution is hence a hospital for the cure of the insane, and not an asylum for the care and safe-keeping of chronic cases. It is situated 116 Guide to the City of Baltimore. at Sheppard Station, on the Baltimore and Lehigh R. R., six miles north of the city. The buildings are surrounded by an estate of 377 acres of rolling land. The grounds of the institution present the appearance of a well-ordered park, and the further ornamentation which is proposed, with additional drives, paths, lawns and lakes, will make the place one of the most attractive in the country. The plans for the buildings were prepared by skilled architects, and have resulted in buildings in many respects in advance of those of any similar institution in the United States. The Asylum buildings are fire-proof, having iron stairways, floors of brick arched on iron girders, and slate roofs. The two wings are separated by a space of 100 feet, and are intended one for each sex. They are each 360 feet long, each having a south wing 100 feet long. Persons even not immediately interested in the care of the insane or in general hospital construction and management will be repaid by a visit to the Sheppard Asylum, which affords an excellent example of thorough- ness of construction both in exterior and interior detail, and of the most careful adaptation of constructive means to a special end. RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS. ] THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY OF BALTIMORE has been termed "an animated directory of the charities of the city." It is a Society for the organization of charity primarily, and not for its distri- bution. It strives to be a general clearing-house of the charitable institutions of individuals of the city. Its central bureau furnishes an exchange through which the Charitable and Humane Institutions, 117 charitable agencies of the city may be organized with reference to each other, and where each may profit by the experience of all the rest. In addition to a Central Office in the Wilson Building, on Charles and Saratoga streets, the city is divided into seven districts, each with its Society headquarters and trained agent. The Society was organized in 1881, and since then has been a potent factor in social relief and reclamation. Among the good that it has accomplished may be mentioned the intro- duction of the Provident Savings Bank, with a system of stamp deposits, the adoption of improved methods in charitable work, increased co-operation among existent institutions, and general appreciation of the inadequacy of mere alms-giving. THE BALTIMORE ASSOCIATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE POOR was organized in 1849 on the principles of giving judicious assistance to persons deemed needy and worthy, on careful investigation only. It is supported by the dues of some two thousand members, by the income from an invested fund, and the admission receipts from the art gallery of Mr. W. T. Walters. Aid is distributed through a Central Office and district paid agents. Relief takes the form of food, fuel and clothing. Organizations similar in purpose, but somewhat more restricted in scope, are : The Society of St. Vincent or Paul, the Hebrew Benevolent Society, the Thomas Wieson Fuel-Saving Society, the Golden Book Fund of the Charity Organization Society, and others. XII. CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. Baltimoreans, it has been said, enjoy exceptional advan- tages in worshipping God after their own manner and according to the dictates of their conscience. Brooklyn is known as the City of Churches, but, making allow- ance for size and population, it can hardly compare with Maryland's chief municipality in the number of edifices for divine worship, as well as variety of denominations. According to statistics compiled at the beginning of the year 1892, there were in this city no less than 331 churches. Of these the Methodist Episcopal Church owns 71. This does not include the kindred divisions, among them the Independent Methodists with 8, the Southern Methodists with 9, the Methodist Protestants with 15, and the African Methodists with 12 churches. Next in order come the Roman Catholics with 45 churches, the Protestant Episcopalians with 38, the Evangelical Lutherans with 30, the Baptists with 29, the Presbyterians with 29, the Hebrews with 1 6, Re- formed with 10, United Brethren with 3, Evangelicals with 6, Christians and Congregationalists with 3 each, Quakers with 4, Swedenborgians with 2, and Unitarians and Universalists with 1 church each. Two others in 118 Churches and Religious Organizations. 119 the list are classed as Independent, and belong to no par- ticular denomination. Since the beginning of the year a number of new edifices have been dedicated. These are not included ; neither are those in the suburban towns. The entire number of churches in and near Baltimore may, therefore, be estimated at 360 or 370. Nearly all of these are open. Mission tents, Gospel-wagons and Salvation Army barracks offer further opportunities for exhortation and introspection. In the following pages it has been only possible to call attention to representative churches of each of the more important denominations. METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The first Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States was organized in Baltimore, and for more than a century this denomination has occupied, both in point of numbers and influence, a position of importance. Its numerous churches are among the handsomest buildings in the city. FIRST CHURCH, at the corner of St. Paul and Third streets, is the oldest as well as the largest congre- gation. Its first meeting-house was erected in 1774, and its fifth and present home in 1887. The structure is a magnificent type of Etruscan architecture, built of granite and roofed with tiles. At the southeast corner towers a massive and stately campanile 186 feet in height. The auditorium is the largest of any church in the city. The interior also contains school and class-rooms, reception [20 Guide to the QUy of Baltimore. and reading-rooms, office, parlor and kitchen. Adjacent are a parsonage and a beautiful chapel. Extending along St. Paul street for two blocks are the grounds of the Woman's College, of the same geueral style of architecture and material a- the church adjacent. MOUNT VERNON PLACE CHURCH, at the corner ot Charles and Monnment streets, is located in the heart of the most aristocratic section of the city, and, in architectural beauty and dignity, admirably accords with its environment. It is built ot^ green serpentine, with outside facings of buff Ohio and red Connecticut sandstone, with eighteen polished columns of Aberdeen granite. The interior is artistically frescoed, and a gallery extends along- both sides from the organ loft. The church was organized in 1843, and the corner-stone ot the present structure laid in 1870. Since then the average membership has been about five hundred. Other large churches ot the same denomination are : Madison Aveme, corner Madison avenue and Town- send street, a handsome brick building with Grecian front and pillar- ; Grace Church, corner Lanvale and Carrollton avenue, a tine -tone structure of Gothic style : also Broadway, on Broadway near Bank, Harlem Sou are, Eitaw Street and Jackson Square, located on the streets indicated. ROMAN CATHOLIC. The Roman Catholics of Baltimore form a large and influential element ot its religionists. Here were conse- crated the first Catholic bishop and archbishop in the ('/nirf/ics and Religious Orgcmizations. L21 United States, and here is now the residence of Cardinal Gibbons, [mportant churcb assemblages have been 1 1 < * 1< I from time l<> time, the mosl important as well as recenl being the Third Plenary Council in 1885. THE CATHEDRAL is the largest and mosl striking of the structures occupied. It is located at the northeast corner <>(' Mulberry :mv oxen :ii the time <>l" its construction from a point near Ellicott <'iiv. The corner-stone of the edifice was laid in 1806 l>\ [iev. John Carroll, bishop oi Baltimore, and it was completed and formally dedicated in i r the chaste simplicity <>l its design and proportion >f its parts, [ts outward length is L90 feet ; its width, deluding the arms <>f the cross, is 177 feet. A great dome of two 1 1 1 1 1 1< 1 1*« *< I and seven feet in circumference internally, and two hundred and thirty one feel in ei ren in lereiiee e\jeni;il I v, springs Iroin (lie intersection of the arms with the l>ov pillars of corresponding size .* i > x I form. The distance from the Moor of the nave i<> the summit of the cross which surmounts ili< i dome is one hundred and twenty-seven feet. Between each of the supports of tlm dome springs an elliptical arch. The left arch beneath the grand dome extends back i<> the extremity <>l that arm of (lie cross covering the organ gallery, which rests on an Ionic colonnade. 'The opposite arch contains i\\<> galleries, one above the oilier, the lower supported by Ionic columns. Beneath the archiepiscopal throne rests, in massive mausoleums, . is now located on Townsend near Fremont streets. The influence of this church in various fields of religious activity has boon very great. The Franki in Square Baptist Church has a well-arranged struc- ture on Calhoun near Lexington streets. Other churches having commodious structures are the Hum Street Baptist Church, on High near Lombard snoot-, and the Brantx! Church, corner of Schroeder street and Edrnondson avenue. LUTHERAN. — '/ion Churcb is another of the his- toric churches ot Baltimore. It occupies a fine structure on North Gray street, and has a large school-house and play-ground attached. The First Engj ish Lutheran Church was organised in L823 as a more distinctively Chu/rches and Religions Organizations. 1 2^ Lutheran denomination. lis borne is a capacious build- ing &i the corner of Lan vale and Fremonl streets. St. Paul's, corner of Fremonl and Saratoga streets, bas a large membership and a pleasing edifice, as bas also St. Mark's, on Eutaw near Mulberry streets. unitarian. — The First Independent Christ's Church, comer Charles and Franklin streets, is one of the old landmarks of Baltimore, and has been made familiar by photography to architectural students of the country as a fine example of Roman architecture. The interior design shows a broad, simple treatment, in thor- ough harmony with the monumental charactei of the building. Following the type of the early Roman Chris- tian church, a broad aisle on each side is divided from the body of tlie church by an arcade, from which the vaulted ceiling springs. The ceiling is divided into deeply-recessed panels, with enriched mouldings and rosettes. The chancel arch is supported on Corinthian columns, and a large window in the chancel gives addi- tional Light to the interior. One of the earliest minister- of this congregation was Rev. Jared Sparks, and from the termination of his min- istry in 1 S2.'> its pulpit has been filled in unbroken line by men of distinction and ability. JEWISH, — The Baltimore Hebrew Congrega- tion bas a magnificent Byzantine structure, with a majestic dome and granite towers, at the corner of Madison avenue and Robert street. The body of the synagogue is a greal symmetrically proportioned pile, with lofty arches and towering dome. At the (in- end of the auditorium stands the holy shrine, modeled after one built in Toledo, Spain, seven - .. \ G • g$, fi] led L glass, gn ght, T - . :it s$ - - ■ - OSKB SB VI OM lOM,KF- s tl VK SlN VI lONGRFO VVION. . a - - \ • ■ .. P I streets ini" 9CM uty OF rKir\i>N s ■ - V rk streets . ImMK>VUSV UUlu'll - 1- Tiksv OONCTUB- &AYIOXA1 B JUS DRGAN1 ;\v \Ol\r. Mi'\'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. [ _ sesm this S ^ til it k £ . . ~ most subs xa: - its kind L States. has 3 pr sages $ : s been a Churches <<>if unforl iiniiics, and acted as a guide for the friendless youth ambitious to become a man : 1 1 1 1 < > 1 1 <_? Mien. I lie present home of the organization is a large five story building ;it the northwesl corner of Charles and Saratoga sheets. It is :m imposing structure, bul suffers somewhat :is regards its appearance and interior arrange meni because of the nature of the triangular lot on which it stands. While not ;i modern building, from an a o ciation standpoint, it has been improved, and is to-day as well adapted to the needs of its habitues as many of the more recently hnilt association headquarters. A Bight of steps lends from the Charles st reel entrance to the administration offices and reception parlors, fur- nished with comfortable chairs and entertaining games, where young men are ;if all times welcome. Merc is an extensive reading room, containing the important news- papers and periodicals of the country, and also ;i large auditorium fitted with opera chairs, where in season con- certs and entertainments are given at regular intervals. Ahove is the educational department, with el:i -.- rooms for instruction in German, book-keeping, arithmetic, stenography, spelling, writing, drawing, typewriting and VOCal music. The lop floor is devoted to :i splendidly- equipped gymnasium. In addition to every variety of gymnastic apparatus, it contains needle, tub, shower and spray baths, with hot, and cold water. The Y. M. C. A. has also fine athletic grounds <>n Druid Hill and North avenues, containing a club-house with baths and lockers ; 128 ide to the QUy of Baltimo also grounds tor base-ball, foot-ball, Lacrosse, croquet and lawn-tennis. N 'i content with its central activity, the Association has reached out its arms until there are now, in different mis of the city, six branch bodies devoted to its work, with an independent building. They are, the Gkb- m v> Branch, on East Baltimore near Aisquith streets j the B. & O. K. K. Branch, at Riverside: tin Johns Hopkins V. M. C. v.. with its beautiful Levering- Hall: the V\ >\ v. R. R. Branch, the West Bkamh and the Bast Bae.timorb Branch. YOUNG WOMIN'S C HKLSTl AN ASSOCIATION, An unpretentious building, Liberty and Barnet streets, is the centre of the varied activity of this body. The the Association was g in iu 1883, in apart- ments on 1. street, used chiefly as a lunch-room, - been continued, and in addition a home is provided in the building tor working women and tl - seeking employment. An employment bureau is main- tained, and instruction is g \ :;■ writing, orthogra- phy, book-keeping, arithmetic and stenography. There is a library in the house, and a station of the Provident Savings Bank. The present endeavor of the association is toward- the erection of a new building. WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION, The /Maryland headquarters of this body are located at 8 - in the historic Oliver mansion, formerly occupied by the First Nations k, but now designated as Memorial Hall. The lower floor eon:, g s, re- ception-room, and an apartment for Gospel meetings. Churches and Religious Organizations. 129 where daily services are held. The second floor is used as a free kindergarten. YOUNG MEN'S HEBREW ASSOCIATION.— This organization is comfortably located on Eutaw near Fayette streets. The lower floor contains reading, con- versation and chess rooms. Above is a large lecture and concert hall. The top floor is devoted to a well equipped gymnasium. The association lias a large and aggressive membership, and is an active force for good in the com- munity. CEMETERIES. GREENMOUJST CEMETERY. — This is the largest and most interesting of Baltimore's cemeteries. It con- tains the remains of many persons who have figured prominently in Baltimore during the last half century. Following the gravel walk, from the main entrance west- ward, the traveller passes the Booth lot ; here lie the remains of the parents and many of the relations of Edwin Booth. The great actor never visits Baltimore without making a silent pilgrimage to the spot. To the west, on a slight eminence, stands the McDonogh monu- ment, with the epitaph written by the philanthropist himself. A flat granite slab, with a simple inscription telling of his great benefactions, marks the grave of Johns Hopkins. The total number of bodies buried in Greenmount is about 34,000. LOUDON PARK, on the Frederick turnpike, is interesting for its beautiful trees and gardening. Here lie the bodies of many who fell in the late war, Union and Confederate. Other large places of burial are, Lok- 9 130 Guide to the City of Baltimore. raine Cemetery, on the Franklin Road, Fell's Point Hebrew Cemetery, on the Philadelphia Road, Mount Carmel, on the O'Donnell Road, Baltimore Ceme- tery, on the Belair Road, Mount Olivet Cemetery, on the Frederick Road, and Bonnie Brae Cemetery, on the old Frederick Road. XIII. CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. All the world over, the clubs of Baltimore are famous as embodiments of culture, hospitality, and good fellow- ship. It is here, perhaps, best of all, that the social life of the city is seen. To the ordinary elements of club life, there is here added a peculiar indescribable spirit of warmth and cordiality, that he who is fortunate enough to experience, never forgets. With the recent growth of the city has come a general development of its club facilities. They have new homes, new equipments, in- creased membership, and assured futures. MARYLAND CLUB. — With its aristocratic dig- nity, its exclusive membership, and its splendid new white marble home at the southeast corner of Charles and Eager streets, fitted up with every accessory which the human mind could devise or the human pocketbook pur- chase for the comfort and convenience of those admitted within its charmed walls, this is, without doubt, Baltimore's leading social organization. As with most Baltimore institutions, the fact that the Maryland Club is the oldest coterie of gentlefolk in the city is largely in its favor, and gives it an enviable and altogether well-deserved prestige. It is the patriarch among Maryland's social 131 132 Guide to the City of Baltimore. fraternities, and its history forms an important compo- nent part in the story of Baltimore's growth. The Maryland Club was started by a number of promi- nent gentlemen of this city, who organized it in May, 1857. It is, therefore, not only the oldest social club in Baltimore, but the second oldest in the United States, the Union Club, of New York City, alone taking pre- The Maryland Club. cedence of it. Only five are left of the original incor- porators of the club. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte was the first president of the club. He was the son of Prince Jerome Napoleon, King of Westphalia, and the father of Charles J. Bonaparte. For one year after its organiza- tion, the headquarters of the club was the picturesque old mansion at the northeast corner of Cathedral and Franklin streets, lately vacated for the new house. The Clubs and Societies. 133 handsome new building is in the Romanesque style, front- ing seventy feet on Charles and one hundred and fifty feet on Eager street. The material used in its construction is white Beaver Dam marble from Baltimore county. The roof and domes are covered with red terra-cotta tiling, and the small bay windows with copper. The two fronts of the structure are united and ornamented on the north- west corner by a tower. The arched entrance on Eager street opens into a spacious hall, flanked by two large reception-rooms. The parlor is on the Charles street side and extends the entire width of the building. It is finished in mahogany, with bay windows and handsome mantels of Tennessee marble. At the left is a large bil- liard-room, wainscoted in quartered oak. Beyond it is the cafe, with marble tiling and a bar and oyster counter of pink marble. The steward's office adjoins the bar with freight-lift running from it to the kitchen and the top floor of the building. A servants' staircase also leads to the top floor of the house. Opposite the main entrance is the grand staircase, which is in quartered oak, ornately carved and very handsome. At the second-floor land- ing is a triple window of beveled glass, surmounted by a semi-circular transom, on which appears the reverse of the great seal of Maryland, the obverse of which deco- rates the transom over the main entrance. Under the main stairway are the lavatory and the stairs leading to the basement. Near-by are a complete coat-room and the passenger elevator. The furniture of the club-house is very artistic and refined, and thoroughly in keeping with all the rooms in the building, whose beauty and usefulness it enhances. i"-i Guide to the Citu of Baltimore. It is upholstered in plush, tapestry or leather, to har- monize with the surroundings of the apartments, and is entirely in accordance with the woodwork in which they are respectively finished. The carpets match the furni- ture most admirably ; their tints include delicate sage and olive greens and subdued rods, [mported Turkey rugs, twelve of which were ordered for the club-house, He about everywhere, and tempi the willing tread of the visitor. Tlio gas fixtures are also of chaste design, and include Large translucent globes and bunch lights, for both gas and electric light, mounted in oxydized silver. On tho second floor, fronting Charles street, are the library and card-rooms, finished in mahogany. Three private dining-rooms face Eager street on this floor. Tho main dining-room is also entered from the hall. It has bay-windows, opening upon a porch, where, in the sum- mer season, members may take their meals in the open air. (^n this floor are also the sewing-rooms, pantry, toilet-rooms and a private stairway, loading to tho third story. On tho third floor are eleven chambers, fronting on Charles and Eager si roots, and containing handsome hardwood furniture, with brass bedsteads, ami highly ornamented. Some of the apartments have private bath- rooms attached. On this floor there are also a large kitchen, a scullery, cold-room, sewing-room, pantry and closets. In the basement is a barber-shop, which can bo entered from without. Here are also tho oyster, wine and fuel bellars, servants' waiting-rooms, closets, boilers, machinery, etc. Clubs and Societies. 1 35 BALTLMOKE CLUB.— Id the year 187s Baltimore bad several social clubs, but their initiation fees were so large, that they acted in a prohibitory way upon a numer- ous class of men, who were fast growing up, who were stronger in purpose than in purse, and who were pre- eminently the men who had most use for a social <-lul>. They conceived the idea of forming a <*1 u l> upon the lines of the college organizations, the pleasures and econo- mies of which were still fresh in their memory. Some five or six men met once or twice in the evening, in- formally, and laid out the plan which has developed into the Baltimore Club. At first each new member had to be unanimously acceptable to all the men of tin- club, and, as none but friends could be well enough known to be admitted, the nucleus of the (dub were bound mosl closely together by good fellowship and congeniality — a thing which survives as one of the Baltimore Club's ch iciest charms to-day. This organization was known as "The '7 the OUy of Baltimore. clubs of the city. They lived there about one year and a-half, and during that time were forced to do away with the time-honored sideboard, and had to put in its place a steward ami cuisine. 'Phis put the Baltimore Club upon a genuine club foot- ing and gave it a tremendous impetus, which again forced them to move. They took the Dulany house, No. 905 North ('harles street, and, in doing so, made them- selves the pioneers in the "uptown" movement, which since has been followed by all the clubs They gained great strength ami popularity in this house during three years, at which time they decided to build a club-house just opposite. The plan was conceived, the money sub- scribed, and the property purchased in ten days. The present club-house was built within the year, and, what is unusual in such undertakings, within the amount sub- scribed, and the club has lived therein a comfortable and happy lite during the past five years. The building the Baltimore Club now occupies is a brown stone structure, with a bay-window and a broad stairway which leads to the entrance. The basement is used as a barber shop; the first floor as a reading-room, billiard-room and cafe. The furniture is of hard wood, and the finishings are in quartered oak. On the second floor are the dining-rooms, which are finished like the rooms on the first floor. On the third floor are the sleep- ing apartments of the members. The membership of the Club is now full, and no more members will be admitted for some time. ATtll.N i:i M CLUB. — The spacious structure at the northeast corner of diaries and Franklin streets, Clubs and Societies. 137 Occupied l>y this organization, is one of the most interest- ing buildings in the city. Although built in 1830, its stvlc of architecture is thai of two hundred years ago. The distinguishing point is the portico thai adonis the Franklin street front. It is of Italian marble, and is supported by a quartet of massive columns. The column that stands nearest to Charles street is a solid arm of marble. The other three columns were erected in pieces. The style of the portico is Ionic Grecian. Apart from this exterior attraction, the building itself commands an interest from the solidity of its walls, which, painted yellow, look strong enough to stand unimpaired for many years to come. There are hay-windows on the Charles Street side of the building, large and well furnished with easy chairs. They afford an excellent opportunity for the members to see what is going on down upon the Street below and around. Easy steps lead to the entrance of the Club. Once inside, the eye rests upon the long and beautiful parlors on the east side Open grates send out a warm welcome, and soft carpets and cushioned chairs tempt a visitor to tarry. The walls of the parlors are hung with many paintings. Among the line oil paintings are a number of the evidences of the ail of Bolton Jones and Arthur Quartley. A Large and pleasant stairway leads to the second floor. On this floor are two large billiard-rooms, committee- rooms, a library and reading-room, card-rooms, the large dining-room and a private dining-room. A large card- room is in the rear. All these rooms are commodious and well equipped. The good things for the inner man 138 Guide to the City of Baltimore. are prepared on this floor, in a large kitchen facing on Hamilton street. Among the membership of the Club are some of the most prominent men in the commercial and professional life of Baltimore. It, perhaps, draws from the legal profession a larger membership than any other club in Baltimore. UNIVERSITY CLUB. — The membership of this organization, while not restricted to the graduates of colleges and universities, is nevertheless decidedly col- legiate in character. Its purpose is the furtherance of social relation and intellectual interchange among those members of the community who are in sympathy with university views and university methods. To promote the social life of the club, the Friday nights from Octo- ber 1 to July 1 are specially set apart ; the second Friday of each month being known as Field night, the others as Club nights. On the Field nights some topic of general interest, literary, scientific or social, is presented in an informal way — now by members of the club, now by specially invited guests, and the entertainment is fol- lowed by a simple collation provided at the expense of the club. The club has outgrown its snug quarters on North Charles street, and has purchased and reconstructed the Glenn property on the northeast corner of Charles and Madison streets. The chief attractions of the University Club are literary. Upon the second floor, there is a large well- lighted room, well furnished with English and American periodicals, critical and illustrated journals, and new books, both French and English. The rooms of the second floor are so arranged that they can be thrown into Clubs and Societies. 139 one long audience room for Field nights. The ground floor contains a front reception room, a large parlor or conversation room, in which all the leading daily papers are to be found. Beyond the parlor on the east side is the dining room of the Club. The third story is devoted to billiard and card rooms. The managers also intend to have a roof garden constructed upon the house. GERMANIA CLUB. — Of the older social clubs of the city, none is more solid or successful than the Ger- mania, which is now located on the north side of Fayette streets, between Eutaw and Paca. Its early history dates back to the October of 1840, when a number of prominent German citizens banded together for the purpose of form- ing a social club for the young Germans of the city who were employed as clerks in the shipping establishments. In 1873 the present quarters of the club were pur- el iased, and an annex was built. Its present appoint- ments now include cosy parlors, a library, dining-rooms, a billiard hall, ladies' parlor, banquet hall, card-rooms and one of the best bowling alleys in the city. The lectures, entertainments and concerts given by the Germania Club have always been of the highest order, and never fail to attract the best German element in the city. The present membership is 120, including Ger- man-American merchants, physicians and lawyers. The membership also includes a number of Anglo-Ameri- cans, several of whom speak the German language, which entitles them to active membership. Messrs. Claas Vocke and August C. Pracht, two of the founders of the club, are still among the members. Many promi- nent men and distinguished foreigners have been enter- 140 Gvide to the City of Baltimore. tained within the walls of the elub. Prominent among the latter were : Kossuth, the famous Hungarian diplo- mat, who is now in exile in Italy ; Baron von Girald, Baron von Schlozer, Gerhard Rolphs, W. Jordan, Carl Schurz, and a number of German ambassadors. The club is well known in Europe, and has a number of members who are at present abroad. PHOENIX CLUB. — A palatial structure on Eutaw Place near Mosher street is occupied by this organiza- tion. The facade is an attractive design of the Renais- sance type. To the top of the first story, it is of rich brown stone; beyond of brick, trimmed with brown stone. At the height of the third story there is a pic- turesque loggia. The entrance is through a tiled vesti- bule into a grand corridor. To the right is a commodious parlor, furnished in mahogany. On the right are library, reading-room and reception-room, all sumptuously fur- nished. Beyond are private dining-room, smoking and cloak-rooms, a director's room, and at the end of the corridor a cafe. The second floor is taken up with a banquet hall facing Eutaw Place, and a ball-room in the rear. Above are card-rooms leading out upon the log- gia ; also kitchens, pantry and steward's quarters. In the basement are bowling alleys, gymnasium, billiard- room, bar, wine cellars, barber-shop, toilet-rooms and heating apparatus. CATHOLIC CLUB.— In 1889 a party of prominent gentlemen came together and effected this organization. Soon after its formation, the club leased a handsome four- story red-brick structure on west Fayette street, and in May, 1889, entered it, no pains being spared to make it Clubs and Societies. 141 an attractive resort. Among the most pleasant features of the club are the social entertainments which are given. Every winter there is a course of musical and literary entertainments, at which not only the members are present, but their friends. The growth of the club has become so large that not long ago a large dwelling on North Charles street, opposite the Cardinal's residence, was purchased and made one of the most attractive club-houses in the city. In addition to the usual club features, it is equipped with a first-class gymnasium and bowling alleys, and has a junior membership with the privileges of the gymnasium and lecture course. The membership of the club now is about 300 and it is rapidly increasing. MERCANTILE CLUB.— The Mercantile Club, which is an outgrowth of the old Concordia Society, is located in the substantial building at the corner of Paca and Fayette streets, formerly occupied by the Crescent Club. The main hallway of the house, at the Fayette street entrance is richly carpeted, and the side entrances opening into it are hung with portieres. The large room on the west side of the entrance hall is the parlor. The floor of this room is covered with a rich moquet carpet, and from the windows drop lace curtains of beautiful design. The furniture is brocatelle. The apartment on the east side is fitted up as a reading- room, its furniture being upholstered in leather. In the rear of this is the ladies' cafe, handsomely appointed with rich, substantial furniture, brussels carpet, lace curtains, heavy portieres and pier mirrors. The hall extending to the rear of the first floor, and the other apartments on the ground floor are carpeted and fitted in red, with attractive 142 Gh-dde to the City of Baltimore. details. They are among the handsomest rooms in the house. On the top floor are the caterer's quarters, a billiard and pool-room, and two private dining-rooms. CAJLUMTCT CLUB. — Dating its existence practically but from 1885, this organization has become the repre- sentative Democratic organization of Baltimore. The home of the club, situated at 1110 East Baltimore street, is a substantial four-story brick edifice. Marble steps lead from the street to the deep, recessed entrance. On entering the door, one finds himself in a wide, handsomely- carpeted hall. On the right are the doors leading into the two large parlors, furnished in the best of taste. Coming from the parlors into the hallway and following its course, the reading-room is reached. A large old- fashioned fireplace adds greatly to the room's cosy appearance. On the second-story are the billiard and pool-rooms. Behind these, in the ell of the building, the restaurant is situated, the culinary department being below. On the third story is the spacious hall where the large meetings are held as well as banquets. CONCORD CLUB is an even younger, but no less successful Democratic organization, with social features. The club-house is located at 6 North Ca rev st reet. Next to it is a large grass plot, frequently used for outdoor enter- tainments. The house itself is richly furnished, and contains parlors, reading-room, billiard and pool-rooms, buffet, general meeting-room, secretaries' apartments and committee-rooms. Everything possible is done to pro- mote the comfort of the members visiting the Club, and among its members are numbered some of the best-known Clubs and Societies. 143 business men and city and State officials. The Club is connected with the National Association of Democratic Clubs, and acts in concert with that organization on all occasions. THE YOUNG MEN'S REPUBLICAN CLUB was organized in September, 1882, and is the strongest and most influential Republican organization south of Phila- delphia, and compares favorably with prominent party associations in New York, Boston and Brooklyn. It differs from some of them in being more active and aggressive, and goes into political work as a body. The club-house is an attractive home, on West Saratoga near Charles streets. In addition to its political activity, the organization is the centre of much social life BICYCLE CLUBS. — Several thousand wheels are in active use in Baltimore, and club life has reached a high stage of development. A visiting cyclist may always feel certain of a cordial greeting at any of the following club houses : Maryland Bicycle Club, Mt. Royal avenue and Reservoir street; Baltimore Cycle Club, 1521 Eutaw Place; Centaur Cycle Club, 2117 East Pratt street; Chesapeake Cycle Club, 838 North Fulton avenue ; Riverside Bicycle Club, corner Battery avenue and Hughes street ; Y. M. C. A. Bicycle Club, Druid Hill avenue extended ; Clifton Wheelmen, Federal and Regester streets ; Irocjuois Club, corner of Division street and Lafayette avenue. All of the above are affili- ated with the League of American Wheelmen. COLLEGE FKATEKNIT1ES.— The following Greek letter societies are represented by prosperous chapters at I II Guide to the CUt}/ of Baltimore. the Johns Hopkins University : Reta Theta Pi, Phi Kappa Psi, Delta Phi, Alpha Delta Phi, Phi Gamma Delta and Kappa Alpha (Southern Order). During the academic year most of these have chapter houses, a directory of which can be seen upon inquiry at the University. Chapters of the Alpha Phi and Delta Gamma Fraternities have been recently established at the Woman's College. MISCELLANEOUS.— The Journalists' Club is the social centre of the local newspaper world. The visiting commercial traveller may always be sure of a cordial reception at the Travellers' Club, 203 North Liberty street. True German club lite, with its light- hearted cheer, reigns supreme at the Germania M*n- NERCHOR, at 110 West Lombard street. The Mer- chants' Club, 205 East German street, is a favorite lunching place tor down-town merchants. The Charcoal Club is noted in a preceding chapter. SECRET SOCIETIES. I MASONIC ORDER.- The Grand Lodge of Maty- land was instituted in 1787. Long before this, however, lodges existed in Baltimore subordinate to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. For many years meetings were held at Fell's Point. In 1814 the first Masonic Temple was erected. This is the venerable structure on St. Paul street now used by the City Court. Fifty years later, the site oi' the present building was purchased and the corner-stone of an Imposing structure laid. A year ago Clubs and Societies. 145 this building whs almost totally destroyed by fire, and the work of reconstruction is now in progress. During the interval, the old U. 8. Courthouse is used for the sessions of the lodges. ODD FEIiJLOWS.— American Odd Fellowship was founded in Baltimore, the first lodge being instituted on April 26, 1819, by Thomas Wildey, with four associates, in an unpretentious publie house, "The Seven Stars," on the south side of Second street, between Frederick and Market Space. The Order now numbers some 800,000 members, and annually disburses over six millions of dollars in aid of the sick and distressed. The head- quarters of the Order are a magnificent hall, four stories in height, located at the northwest corner of Park avenue and Saratoga street. The entrances to the first floor face Saratoga and Cathedral streets, the latter being considered the main entrance. Here are the library, with some 25,000 volumes, the offices of the Grand Secretary, the Grand Master, parlor and reception-rooms ; also janitor's and toilet apartments. The second floor contains the Armory, or banquet-room, reached by the main stairway from Cathedral street, and four well-appointed lodge- rooms. The third floor contains two lodge-rooms, an encampment-room and a work-room, open only to those permitted to tread the unknown recesses of the Temple. On the fourth floor is the Grand Lodge room, lighted by electric chandeliers, and containing the original Grand Master's and Grand Secretary's desks, used respectively by Thomas Wildey and James L. Ridgely. Here, also, are three fine lodge-rooms, with large ante and dressing 10 14G Guide to the City of Baltimore. rooms. The basement contains the heating apparatus oi the building and a well-appointed kitchen. Knights of Pythias are represented in Baltimore by a flourishing body, with Iseadquarters in Pythian Hall, 1 _!!> N oi th ( ray si reet. Improved Order of Red Men have their headquarters in Red Men's Hall, Paca near Fayette streets. Other secret orders represented by local lodges are Independent Order of B'nai B'rithJ Royal Arcanum, Heptasophs, etc. XIV. PARKS AND SQUARES. Ii is commonly said that the weakness of American municipal government is nowhere so apparent as in the failure to make anything like adequate provision for the health and recreation of large populations by a judi- ciously arranged system of public parks and squares. Baltimore is singularly safe from such a criticism. In addition to large areas, situated in opposite sections of the city, there lie scattered here and there blocks of ver- dure artistically arranged in walks and paths, gay with the color of flowers and plants, and offering a cheerful resting place to the weary and footsore. If places such as these are "the lungs of a city," certainly the social respiration of Baltimore is I'nc and unchecked. DKUII> HILL PARK is perhaps unique among the parks of the country. In mere acreage it is excelled by several. The hand of art has not been employed so freely as in Central Park, New 5Tork, or in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. But its natural beauties, heightened here and there by judicious taste, render it unequalled in true charm and attractiveness. The nucleus of the park, which by subsequent purchase and condemnation has been enlarged to its present area of some 700 acres, was Acquired in 1868 by the purchase from the Rogers . 147 1 IS Guide to the (My of Baltimore. > • family of Druid Ilill Estate. Almost two centuries before it had received its name from the groves of mas> nificent oaks which still claim the visitor's eye and force his admiration. At the close of the Revolutionary Wad it passed into the hands of Nicholas Rogers, an aide-del camp of Baron de Kalb, and an architect of consider- able distinction. In his skilled hands the estate rapidly became a type of advanced landscape-gardening;. Since the city has come into possession of the property, the same general plan has been followed, and its great natural beauty has been emphasized and refined. The park is provided with tour entrances, — a main entrance on Madison avenue, the Mount Royal avenue entrance, facing Oliver street, the Eutaw street entrance and the Druid Hill avenue entrance. The first two are adorned with handsome gateways. Immediately to the right of the main entrance is Druid Hill Lake, with a magnificent driveway of one and a halt' miles. In other parts of the park are reservoirs, a boating and skating lake, and a fish-pond. Many natural springs, as Kd- mund's Well, Crise Fountain, Silver Spring, adorned by graceful touts out of which crystal streams bubble, are scattered throughout the park. 'There are many miles of carriage roads, varying from twenty to sixty feet in width, numerous foot-paths and extensive bridle-paths. Nine groves, fitted with shelters and play-grounds, are used as picnic-grounds, permit- tor a day's exclusive occupation being issued by the Superintendent of the Park. Grounds tor base-ball, lacrosse and lawn-tennis are laid ottt tor public use and carefully maintained in order. Two Large buildings grace the interior ot' the Pa/rhs end Squares. I U) park; the smaller, the Maryland Building, a relic of the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, with many of its collections intact, and the Mansion House, :i general Bhelter-house, with spacious verandas, dining :m (lie late John \V. Garrett, a |>;iir of sea lions, :i herd of deer and ;i large (lock of South- down sheep. Adequate appreciation of I his magnificent park involves boili walking and driving. Its great area prevents the pedestrian from forming any proper estimate of size or symmetry, <»r <>(' reaching some more distanl sections of the enclosure. On die other hand, certain of the most beautiful spots, as Philosopher's Walk, a shaded pathway of great natural beauty, winding through deep woods over hill and dale, are accessible only on Cool. Scarcely less attractive sections are Prospecl Hill, a broad elevated plateau overlooking the busy village of Wbodberry; Tempesl Hill, with its skirting of woods, and the Dell, a beautiful stretch of forest in the rear of Silver Spring. The exits of the park lead oul upon the Reistertown and Pimlico roads and Green Spring avenue. The park is under the control of a Board of Park Com- missioners, consisting of six citizens and the Mayor, ex officio. It is supported by a tax of nine per cent upon the gross receipts of the sired car companies. The park is reached by the Madison avenue and (Jil- mor street Cable cars, by the Pennsylvania avenue and Reisterstown street cars, and by the Northern Central 150 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Railway from Calvert or Union Depots in the city, to Wood berry Station. PATTERSON PARK- A beautiful stretch of highly improved land forms the favorite holiday retreat for the eastern section of the city. It has grown from a few acres presented for this purpose in 1827 by the man whose name it perpetuates. The main entrance on Pat- terson Park avenue is a striking marble gateway, and faces a large fountain with a basin fifty feet in diameter. Here the gardener's skill has had free scope, and as far as the eye can reach are seen symmetrical beds of flam- ing color. A conservatory containing a well-selected collection of plants is one of the chief attractions of the park. In the southeast corner is a large boat lake, which in pleasant weather is fairly alive with tiny craft. Else- where are pavilions, refreshment rooms, seats and benches in abundance. The park is of historic interest as containing the origi- nal earth-works thrown up in 1814 by citizen volunteers, when an attack on the city was threatened by the British under General Ross. The battery still remains; covered with velvety verdure, and surmounted by a high flag- staff, it serves no more formidable purpose than to inspire tottering veterans who love even now on a bright sunny morning to gather here, to tell, as Colonel Scharf says, how " they carried sods on their heads and helped to build these works when boys." The view at this point is surpassing. Spread out in living panorama, the visitor sees the great city before him, then the harbor with its shipping, Locust Point, Canton, and beyond as far as the eye can reach the soft, quivering blue of the Chesapeake. Parks and Squares. 151 A carriage-way extends entirely around the park, and passes the chief points of interest. There are also num- erous walks for pedestrians. The park is reached by the cable cars of the Traction line, which connect it with Druid Hill Park, five miles beyond. FEDERAL HILL PARK.— In many respects the finest view of the city is afforded by an elevated plateau, eighty -five feet above tide, which forms the larger part of Federal Hill Park. It serves a practical purpose as the site of the Marine Observatory, used to signal the approach of ships. The grounds were purchased by the city in 1878, and the work of ornamentation has only recently been completed. The base of the park covers eight and a quarter acres, and the plateau a surface of four and a half acres. Both are divided into walks and drives, and handsomely adorned with trees, shrubbery and flower beds. From the crest of the plateau it is easy to distinguish many of the prominent buildings of the city, which extends about three sides of the park, while directly in front is the harbor and shipping. The park marks the site of the ramparts constructed by General Butler during the war, but now cut down and converted into extensive walks and drives. The park is situated in South Baltimore, and is reached by the Blue line and by the Paca street cars. RIVERSIDE PARK.— In a line directly south of the park just described lies Riverside Park, a pleasant enclosure of seventeen and a half acres, overlooking the Patapsco River, Locust Point, Fort McHenry and the Bay as far as North Point. The Park is laid out in well- arranged walks and drives ; entrances are located at the L52 Guide to the CiUj of Baltimore. northern corners. The site was acquired in 1875, since which time improvements have gone on rapidly. His- torically it is noteworthy as containing the earth-works known as " Fort Covington." a six-gun battery which sunk the barges of the British fleet while attempting to land a night force in the rear of Fort McHenry in 1814. The park is accessible through the Paea street ears. HAKLE3I PARK, located in a pleasant residence section of northwest Baltimore, is bounded by Gilmor and Calhoun streets and Edmondson and Harlem avenues. It eovers nearly ten acres, and was given to the city for park purposes by an old resident of Baltimore. The park is remarkable tor the richness and variety of its garden- ing, and contains an imposing monument erected in 1S85 to James L. Ridgely by the Order o( Odd Fellows. • PUBLIC SQUARES. lliTAW Place, the most beautiful residence section of the city, has been largely made so by a series o{ squares artistically laid out in lawn and flower beds, relieved here and there by splashing fountains or moss- grown rookeries, and extending from Lanvale street to North avenue. The squares are threaded by asphalt walks and entirely unenclosed. Close by are Taney Place and Park Place Sovares, with rows ol' shade trees ami carefully-kept sod. Johnson Square is bounded by Biddle, Valley. Chase and MeKim streets. Continuing southward, Washington and Mount Ver- non Squares are met. They are situated in the heart of the most conservative residence section of the city, and Parks ;> > have a characteristic air of refinement and wealth. The plats are adorned with flowers, fountains and statuary. Of the last named the mosl noticeable are several bronze pieces by Barye, representing Peace, War, Force and Older; a colossal lion by the same artist ; Military Cour- age by Dubois, and a statue of Chief Justice Taney in heroic size. Westward lie Perkins' Spring Square, triangular in shape and bright with flower beds of vari- ous colors; Lafayette Square, faced by lour churches, and always cool and shady; Franklin Square, differ- ing little from the preceding; Union Square, with its magnificent leafy canopy of poplars and maples; and Pulton A.venue, a scries of open squares extending from Franklin sheet to Bakes Circle, a circular plot laid out in lawn. In the eastern and southern sections of the city are Jackson Square, at the intersection of Broadway and Fayette street; Madison Square, with a running fountain and pleasant approaches; the City Si'itiN<;, well shaded and carefully kept ; Ashland Square, the site of the Wells and McComas Monu- ment ; and the Broadway Squares, extending from Baltimore to Gay streets. w. MONUMENTS AND ARCHITECTURE. [o the most casual visitor Baltimore is indissoluble associated with monuments. And yet the city is more remarkable in many other respects, [ts fame in this direction, and its title, " I?he Monumental City." is derived not from the number ot' its stone memorials, but from the tact that it was the first city in America to erect a worthy tribute to the memory ot" George ^ ashington. At the present time Baltimore contains some twenty structures that can fairly claim monu- ment rank. Many ot" those are more interesting far historic associations than tor artistic design or imp. - g appearance. WASHINGTON MONUMENT. — Situated at the inters ol Mount Vera and North Charles : . is a g . Doric column, built ot' white marble. The base is 50 feet square and 'J I feet high ; the height ot" the column itself is 164 feet. The shaft, surmounted g figure of V\ ! ' . ;sisi, - nts him in the act of resigning his commission at Annapolis ["his s is sixl : high and weighs sixteen and a half tons. The n of ti was du< ly to pr . e, the first steps ing been taken as early as L8< 9 Site, material and lot Monvment8 and Architectwre, l- r >- r > statue were given by citizens of Baltimore, and a lottery, authorized by the State Legislature, secured the remain ing funds. The corner-stone was 1 : i i < I <»n July I, 1815, and the last | >i< '<*< ' <>f marble was pui in position Novem ber 25, L829. In 1827 the State of Maryland adopted (lie work and directed thai the inscriptions upon ii should l>c expressive of the gratitude of the State. A winding stairway, in the interior of the monument, lends to ;i parapet :ii the top. The magnificent view afforded of the city, the harbor and the surrounding country amply repays the visitor for the slight fee and rather arduous ascent. BATTLE MONUMENT. — This is in Monument Square, directly in front of the Postoffice, and near the Court Mouse, h was erected by private subscription, materially supplemented by appropriations of the City Council, in grateful recollection of the gallantry of citizens of Baltimore who fell fighting a! the battle of North Point. The corner-stone was laid on the first anniversary of the battle, September 12, 1815, and the monument was com pleted in December, 1826. The shaft of the statue presents a fasces, symbolical of the Union. This is ornamented at the bottom, and on the north and south fronts with bas-reliefs, one representing the battle of North Point and death of General Ross; the other, the bom- bardment of Fort McHenry. Lachrymal urns indicate the purpose of the monument. The names of those who fell in battle arc inscribed on the entablature. The whole is surmounted by a figure, symbolical of the city of Bait i- moie. The lop is fifty-two feet above the platform, on which (he monument rests, l 56 Guide to the Gty of Baltimore, WELLS vm> McCOMAS mom mi:m. -This is a plain and unpretentious marble shaft, resting upon a simple base and rising thirty three feet above the ground, li is located at the intersection of Ga) and A.isquith streets, and was erected in L873 to the memory of two young riflemenj Daniel Wells and Henrj G, MoComas, to whom the death of General Ross, the British com- mander at North Point, with its consequence of deter ring :m\ further advance upon the city, is attributed. Both youths tell victims to their patriotic' ardor. akmisti vi> MONUMENT, 'This is another record of the stirring events of bhe War of 1812, perpet- uating the gallantry of Lieut.-Col, George ^.rmistead, I . S, A., the commandant at Fort Mellenr\ during its bombardment by the British in L81 l. The monument is a marble block, bearing a suitable inscription ami dis- playing the weapons of war. It was placed in Federal II ill Pari? in July, 1886, having tor several years prior to that date stood in one of the squares in Eutaw Place, NORTH POINT MONUMENT. A small shaft, the corner-stone »»t' which was laid in 1817, marks the battlefield of North Point, seven miles from the city, The corner stone oi' another monument was laid in Sep tember, 1889, but the memorial was never erected, A plain slal> ot' stone still marks the proposed site. COLUMBUS MONUMENT (1792). In an his torio sense, the most interesting, perhaps, of Baltimore's monuments is the tall shaft to Christopher Columbus, situated en the grounds *>t the Samuel Ready Orphan As\lnm, between North avenue and the Harford road, It was erected in L792 by Chevalier d'Anmour, who was BS HflB 'I III. r.AI'l 1. 1 : I N'l t Monv/ments and ArchMectwe. 157 the first French consul in Maryland. For nearly thirty years this was the only Columbus memorial in the New World, and for over fifty years I he only one in the I Inited Stales. It is an obelisk forty-four feel and four inches high, made of stuccoed brick. The base is about six and one-half feet square, and the top about two and one-half feel square. The base is about two and one-half feel high, with well-rounded corners of moulded brick-work. The pedestal proper is five ; 1 1 m I one-half feet square, ten feet in height, and is surmounted by a capstone about one andahalf feet high. From this point the obelisk narrows gradually toward the top. On the west side of the pedes tal is a marble slab about two and one-half by Tour feet, upon which is the following inscription: "Sacred to the memory of Chris. Columbus, Octob. XII, MDCCVI IIC." The authenticity of the monument, as the earliesl Colum- bus memorial in the New World, was held in doubt for some years, but has been finally established by Professor Herbert B. Adams, of. Johns Hopkins University, in the Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Politi- cal Science, Tenth Series, Numbers X— XI, |>j>. 30-33. OOIiUMBUS MONUMENT (1892).— Exactly one hundred years alter the erection of the memorial described above, on the 12th of* October, 1892, there was unveiled in Druid Hill Park a second monument to Columbus, presented bythe Etalian residents of the city. Thestatue, which was designed by Achille Canessa in Genoa, is -i .-. feet and a half in height, and, together with the pedestal, rises about eighteen from the base. Columbus stands erect against the -tone balustrade of a quay, from which depends a heavy ring, such as would be used for mooring 158 Gkdde to the City of Baltimore. a vessel. In his right hand he grasps a half-rolled chart, and his left hand rests easily upon a globe placed upon the balustrade. The inscription of the pedestal reads: "To Christoforo Colombo. The Italians of Bal- timore, 1892." POE MONUMENT.— This marks the remains of Edgar Allen Poe, in the church-yard of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, at the southeast corner of Greene and Fayette streets. It was erected through the efforts of the Public School Teachers' Association of Baltimore, with the aid of liberal contributions from Dr. Thomas D. Baird, of this city, and Mr. George W. Childs, of Philadelphia. It is a plain but massive tomb of white marble, designed by Frederick, with a medallion portrait by Volck in the front. WALLACE STATUE.— A handsome replica of the heroic statue of Sir William Wallace has been recently erected in Druid Hill Park. The original stands on a crag outside of the walls of Stirling, Scotland, where the Scottish hero is said to have stood and overlooked the battle as it was fought on the plains below. The local replica has been presented to the city by Mr. William Wallace Spence, a public-spirited citizen of Scotch ex- traction. WASHINGTON STATUE.— Adjacent to the main entrance in Druid Hill Park stands a faithful repro- duction in marble of the Father of his Country. It is artistically enshrined in a stone grotto. For many years the memorial occupied a niche in the historic Walker building, on East Baltimore street, and upon the death of Mr. Noah Walker was presented to the city by his heirs. Monuments and Architecture. 159 WILDEY MONUMENT, on Broadway near Fair- mount avenue, was erected in 1865 to the memory of Thomas Wildey, the founder of American Odd Fel- lowship, by contributions from lodges in all sections of the country. The site was given by the city of Baltimore. The height of the monument is fifty-two feet. RIDGELY MONUMENT, beautifully situated in Harlem Park, records the memory of another distin- guished member of the same Order, James L. Ridgely. It was erected in 1885, and consists of a massive stone pedestal, with a colossal bronze statue of Ridgely, tower- ing forty feet above the ground. MISCELLANEOUS.— The following monuments complete the full quota : A fine bronze figure of Chief Justice Taney stands in Washington Place, opposite the Peabody Institute. It was presented by Mr. William T. Walters, of this city, and is a copy of the statue executed by Rinehart for the State of Maryland, which now stands on the State-house grounds at Annapolis. A bronze statue of George Peabody, on Mt. Vernon Place, a copy of the Peabody statue in London, was presented to the city by Mr. Robert Garrett. A marble statue of John McI>onogh, the founder of McDonogh School, resting upon a marble pedestal and a massive granite base, and occupies the crest of an elevation in Green mount Ceme- tery. In this same beautiful God's acre are memorials erected by citizens of Baltimore to William Boyd Ferguson, who lost his life in 1855 while nursing the sick during the terrible yellow epidemic ; to William Prescott Smith, a man of great gifts and universally 160 Guide to the City of Baltimore. beloved, and to William K. Creery, for a number of years superintendent of the public schools of Baltimore. Id the Loudon Park Cemetery there is within the en- closure, where lie buried Confederate soldiers, the statue of a Confederate Cavalryman, erected to the memory of Mary landers who lost their lives in the service of the Confederacy. Not far away are monuments erected to General James K. Herbert and General Harry Gilmor, distinguished Maryland Confederate generals, and a memorial erected by the Murray Association to the fallen members of that command. On a pleasant eminence, at the north end of Bonnie Brae, a simple Doric mass marks the remains of Captain John Glee- son, a gallant member of the Fifth Maryland Federal Regiment. ARCHITECTURE. The characteristic of Baltimore architecture is solidity and convenience, rather than showy display. In the resi- dence section of the city, this is seen in block after block of attractive structures, built with every adaptation of skill and science, yet devoid of useless details. The older business districts show the same healthy conservatism, and it is often equipment and arrangement, rather than external appearance, that attract the observer. One of the most striking features of Baltimore's phenomenal growth in the last few years has, however, been the number and size of its new business buildings, and these are well worthy the attention of even the casual visitor. EQUITABLE BUILDING.— Upon the site of the famous old Barn urn Hotel property, at the southwest Monuments and Architecture. 161 corner of Fayette and Calvert streets, is one of the hand- somest and most thoroughly constructed buildings in the United States. It is known as the Equitable Building, and is employed for office purposes. The structure is of granite and Pompeiian brick, ten stories high, including the basement. It is Venetian in style, and contains more than a hundred and fifty rooms. There are two entrances, one on Calvert street and the other on Fayette street. The granite facing of the building extends from the basement to the second floor. Above this, and separated from it by a Grecian fret-work cornice, is Pompeiian brick set in various designs. The cornice is massive, and just below it, between the last story and the roof, are a number of ornaments, either in brick or metal. The windows are alternately square and arched. A broad pavement surrounds the building, and all the entrances, as well as the corners of the building, are adorned with brass lamps. The interior stairs and elevators, with all floor beams, columns and window-frames, are of iron. The floors and walls in public spaces are of marble, and as little wood as possible is used in the entire structure. LAW BUILDING. — One of the finest office build- ings in the city is the new Law Building, corner of St. Paul and Lexington streets. The first two stories are of Port Deposit granite, and the remaining five of Bal- timore cream-colored pressed bricks, ornamented with moldings and carvings in terra-cotta and molded bricks. There are two broad entrances to the buildings termi- nating in a central court, where the stairway and eleva- tors are located. The basement is divided into large rooms suitable for real estate and magistrates' offices or 11 162 Guide to the City of Baltimore. stores. The other stories are divided into offices of various dimensions, so as to accommodate tenants requir- ing large or small rooms or suites of connected offices. On the seventh story is located a restaurant, lighted from three sides on the exterior and from the court on the fourth side, with a fine outlook over the city, river and bay. The ninth story contains a kitchen, laundry, store- rooms, dish-washing rooms and other culinary conven- iences, all supplied with the most recent appliances for the purposes to which they are devoted. EUTAW SAVINGS BANK is installed in a hand- some structure located at the southwest corner of Eutaw and Fayette streets. The exterior walls are faced with Belville brownstone. The style of architecture is Italian renaissance. The two entrances are on Eutaw street. The floors are of marble, and the walls faced with enameled tiles made from special designs. The ceiling is formed of enriched decorated metal panels. The screen work dividing the public from the working space in the main banking-room is of rich, carved mahogany, the grille work being of wrought iron. The president's room is located in the rear, adjoining the treasurer's room, and is wainscoted in mahogany. This room is sixteen feet square, and has a large bay-window, giving additional space to the room. Adjoining this apartment is the directors' room. A stairway leads up to a large assembly- room above. This apartment is paneled in mahogany, and is beautifully decorated. A large fireplace with a carved mantel forms the central feature. The building is fire-proof throughout. Monuments and Architecture. 163 THE STAFFORD.— The visitor is attracted by the handsome apartment house which stands on the west side of Washington Place near Madison street. The building consists of ten stories and a basement, built of brown stone as high as the window-sills of the third story, and above of brick, with terra-cotta and brown stone trim- mings. The roof is pitched and of metal. The building is of the Renaissance style, and is designed to be thor- oughly fire-proof. The apartments are grouped around a central rotunda, in which are placed the elevator and stairway, and which has a glass roof above the tenth story. The first floor is occupied by physicians' suites on each side of the entrance, with separate entrances from the street, a waiting-room for visitors, the con- cierge's office, restaurant, package-rooms and janitor's residence. Above the first floor each story contains three suites of apartments. The tenth floor has bachelor apartments. The basement will contain heating appa- ratus, restaurant, kitchen and ice store-rooms. CENTRAL SAYINGS BANK.— At the southeast corner of Lexington and Charles streets, is another of the notable recent additions to the banking build of the city. The building is five stories high, the base- ment and first story being used for banking purp The basement is faced with red granite, the first story with kibby brownstone, the walls above being of red brick laid in red mortar, the whole presenting a pleasing harmony of color. The design is simple and massive, and well expresses the purpose for which the building was erected. Back of the main banking-room are the rooms of the president and treasurer, paneled in quartered oak. 164 Guide to the City of Baltimore. On each office floor there are nine offices, each fitted with fireplaces and fire-proof safes. In the basement a lunch- room is provided for the use of clerks. B. & O. RAILROAD BUILDING.— The central office is a massive structure seven stories in height, at the northwest corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets. The walls are faced with pressed brick, relieved by richly carved granite and blue stone. The main entrance is made prominent by massive granite pedes- tals on either side. The whole portico is 27 feet wide by nearly 40 feet in height. The building is planned with large rooms, subdivided by low wood and glass par- titions to suit the convenience of the different officers. The building throughout is furnished in hard wood. The ticket, telegraph and express offices occupy the first or ground floor. On the second floor are the offices of the president, vice-presidents and assistants. Above are the directors' rooms, committee-rooms, and the offices of the law, auditing and general passenger department. The Belt Line Depot is a handsome building at the corner of Lombard and Liberty streets. FARMERS' AND MERCHANTS' BANK.— One of the handsomest structures in the city is located on the northwest corner of Lombard and South streets. It is built of red sandstone, Romanesque in design. The corner is adorned with a handsome round tower, spring- ing from between the first and second stories, and termi- nating with a balcony on the fifth floor. The stone has a rustic finish, and is relieved by rounded pillars and arches, which are handsomely carved in tasteful designs. The whole of the first floor of the building is occupied Monuments and Architecture. 165 by the bank-room, the president's room and the directors' room. The remaining stories are devoted to office pur- poses. The entire building is heated by hot water and lighted by both gas and electricity. Especial care was used in its construction to make it thoroughly fire-proof. MERCANTILE TRUST.— For quiet dignity, of which forbidding severity forms no component part, the handsome edifice erected some years ago, at the north- east corner of Calvert and German streets, by the Mer- cantile Trust and Deposit Company, is one of the most admirable of Baltimore commercial buildings. Archi- tecturally, in spite of a mixture of styles, the total effect of the building is one of classic purity, by reason of the art which has been bestowed upon the proportioning of its masses and the clever adjustment of its detail. It has a high degree of massiveness and simplicity, without degenerating anywhere into rudeness and clumsiness, and it is an unmistakably eclectic building, of which, nevertheless, the predominant impression is one of purity. SCHARF BUILDING. — At the corner of Paca and Baltimore streets, where for more than a century stood the historic General Wayne Inn, is now found a magnifi- cent six story warehouse, remarkable for its beauty of design and perfect finish. The bricks for the external facings are sand, hand-made, laid in black mortar. The trimmings are Cheat River blue-stone. The exterior base is Port Deposit granite. The interior is finished in cherry and Georgia pine. The main entrance is in the center of the building, on Baltimore street, and is a massive one of Cheat River blue-stone, adding materially to the impos- ing appearance of the structure. 166 Guide to the City of Baltimore. TELEPHONE BUILDING.— The splendid build- ing, at the northeast corner of St. Paul street and Bank lane, is owned and occupied by the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company as their headquarters in this city. It is seven stories in height and a solid struc- ture of stone and bricks, ninety feet high. The foun- dation is of granite, the superstructure of pressed brick and brown stone trimmings. Its interior is a model of architectural beauty, and in appointments the equal of any building in Baltimore. FIDELITY BUILDING.— A recent structure at the northwest corner of Charles and Lexington streets, has proven a valuable addition to Baltimore's new architec- ture. It is eight stories in height, with an exterior of Woodstock granite, and a red Spanish tile mansard roof. The corner above the second story has been finished as a turret, with conical Spanish tile roof. The eighth story is provided with stone dormer windows of ornamental design. MANUFACTURERS' RECORD BUILDING.— This is another of the notable structures in the cen- tral portion of the city. The style of architecture is Romanesque, and the material used brick laid in black mortar, with brown stone trimmings, elaborately carved. The Lexington street front is also ornamented by handsome pilasters and a brick and stone coping or battlement. LAW RECORD BUILDING.— At the corner of St. Paul and Fayette streets, is another fine building of recent construction, largely devoted to office purposes. Monuments and Architecture, 167 To be mentioned in this connection are also the various buildings of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hop- kins University, the Woman's College, Calvert Institute, Bryn Mawr School, College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Chamber of Commerce, and public buildings already described. The bridges that span Jones' Falls in the northern section of the city are noteworthy for bold out- line and artistic detail. XVI. MARKETS AND WHARVES. Baltimore has been termed u the gastronomic centre of the universe." In no way can the pertinence of the attribute be so forcibly broughl home to the visitor as by a stroll through one or other of the great markets that dot the city. They are a characteristic feature of the domestic life of Baltimore, and the most important supply depots for its inhabitants. Obviating in large part the intervention of the middle man in domestic economies, and saving almost entirely the eost of delivery to the consumer, the market plays an important part as a purely economic faotor. Fresher and more varied sup- plies are placed before the housewife, prices respond more quickly and uniformly to legitimate causes of fluctuation, and an easy and profitable outlet is afforded to the truck- farmers of the surrounding country. The Baltimore market is, moreover, an historic insti- tution. As early as 1751, efforts were made by public- spirited inhabitants to raise sufficient funds" for Purchasing a Lott or Lotts whereon to build a Market House .... for the Benefit of said Town, and conveniency of such persons as bring their Butcher's meat and other commodities to sell at Market in the said Town." The amount subscribed was, however, insufficient for the purpose, and not until 168 Markets and Wharves. 169 1 7(i;> was :i structure completed, and then only by the aid of a public lottery. Tt stood on the northwest corner of Gay and Baltimore sheets, and was constructed with "a large room on the second story which was used for public assemblies, dances, travelling shows, etc." For some years this market -house, — not a trace of which now re- mains, — sufficed for the traffic of the town ; but as size and population increased, other sections grew clamorous for enlarged market accommodation and more convenient situation. To meet these demands, new market houses have been from time to timeerectcd and old ones enlarged, until vxwx pail of tin; city is now provided with its own structure. There are eleven in all, located and in active operation as follows : Hklair Market, Forrest, from Ilillen to Orleans streets. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Saturday evening. Canton Market, O'Donnell, from Potomac to Pa- tuxenl streets. Monday and Tuesday mornings and Saturday evening. Centre Market, from Baltimore to Pratt streets, west of Jones' Falls. Wednesday and Saturday. Cross-Street Market, from Light to Charles, be- tween Cross and West streets. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Saturday evening. Fele's Point Market, Broadway, from Canton avenue to Thames street. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Saturday evening. Hanover Market, Hanover and Camden streets. Mondav and Thursday mornings and Saturday evening. 170 Guide to the City of Baltimore. Holeins Market, Hollins, south of Baltimore streets. Wednesday and Saturday mornings and Saturday evening. Laeayette Market, Cooke, east from Pennsylvania avenue to Fremont avenue. Monday and Thursday mornings and Saturday evening. Lexington Market, Lexington, from Eutaw to Pearl streets. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Satur- day evening. Northeastern Market, Chester, from Monument to McElderry streets. Monday and Thursday mornings and Saturday evening. Richmond Market, Howard, from Armory Place to Biddle street. Monday and Thursday mornings and Saturday evening. GENERAL PLAN. — The market place consists of a series of roofed structures, with stalls and booths. It is usually a half block in width and from one to four in length. Some are square, instead of rectangular, with a second story used as an armory or public hall. The interior consists of a wide central aisle or meat market, with butcher stalls in continuous line on either side, and two narrower aisles, devoted to general provision pur- poses, and connected at every hundred feet with the main avenue, so as to afford perfect circulation and convenience. The lower sections are used as fish markets, the stalls being lined with zinc and the partitions separating the several aisles removed. The streets facing the market place are lined with open stands, rough stalls, farmers' wagons, from which food and wares of all kinds are sold. The streets, and the market houses proper are paved with sheet asphalt, so as to permit thorough and frequent floodings. Markets and Wharves. 171 No more delightful walk can be suggested than one through Lexington Market during market hours. All along Lexington street on both sides, from Eutaw to Pearl streets, the ground is occupied by the marketers. As one glances down the long street, the line of wagons seems interminable. The pavements are covered with heaps of fruits and vegetables waiting to be sold or carted away again. The streets are blocked up with piles of cabbages, carefully built up in pyramids ; barrels of apples, bags of potatoes, boxes of turnips. The wagons are all backed up against the sidewalk, and as the supplies on the stand are exhausted reinforcements are drawn from the vehicle. The horses have not been forgotten, and stand patiently munching their oats from a crib or nose- bag. All this is outside the market house, on the open streets. In the paved square the crowd is a little denser and the hum a little deeper, but the character of the scene is the same. First come the flower stands, overflowing with roses and violets, geraniums and lilies, chrysan- themums and the choicest fruits of the florist's skill. The aisles of the market house proper present one great con- glomerate. At every turn there is a fresh odor to sniff at and a new sight to see. Apples, bananas, oranges, cauli- flower, leeks, celery, cabbages, cocoanuts come in quick succession ; then great pickle stands, with tubs of condi- ments that make one's mouth literally water ; rich creamy cheeses, sold by rosy-cheeked, white-aproned matrons, — everything that will tempt the eye and please the palate. In the centre avenue or meat market even the vegetarian turns heretic. Stall after stall, as far as the eye can reach, covered with juicy, well-clothed mutton, vast quarters of 172 Guide to the City of Baltimore. beef and huge sirloin cuts. Distributed here and there hang turkeys, ducks, geese, partridges, pheasants and pigeons. The walk terminates in a large open square, used as a fish market. Here lie blue, delicate mackerel, piles of shad, trout, white perch, cod, haddock, rock, bass, eels, lobsters, oysters and hard and soft-shelled crabs. WHARVES. Baltimore can boast of a larger bay trade than any other city on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The Chesapeake has no equal as far as its commercial worth is concerned. Even New York, with its several immense sources of water revenue, does not equal the business that is here transacted. Baltimore surpasses all rivals in the oyster industry, the annual catch being estimated at many millions of bushels. The oyster beds of the Chesapeake are considered of more value than the gold mines of the Sierra Nevadas. The waters are also rich in all other piscatorial products, while the shores produce the greatest abundance of fruits (principally peaches and strawberries), grain, and produce of all kinds. The importance of the trade to Baltimore cannot be over- estimated, and the only way to obtain an idea of its magnitude is to stroll around Pratt and Light street wharves during the busy season, when produce of every description is being landed by the numerous steamboat lines. Nowhere in all the city is there to be found such bustle and life, nowhere to be seen so many peculiar sights. The strange characters encountered may be numbered by the score. In the busiest season of the year, hundreds of Markets and Wharves. 173 men are there toiling from early morn until late at night on the water-front ; steamers, sloops and pungies glide softly in, unload and are headed down the river once more, bound for the country haven where truckers await their coming with nervous anticipation. In the mid- summer season this is supplemented by crowds of pleasure- seekers, who flock to the various excursion boats along Light street for a trip down the bay. Locust Point affords the best insight into Baltimore's foreign trade. Here emigrants are landed, and here the great railways have their tidewater terminals. XVII. MILITARY DEFENCES AND MILITIA. The harbor and marine approaches of Baltimore are defended by two historic fortifications, — For< McHenry and Fort Carroll. The first is readily accessible by the south Paca street cars, while the second is one of the conspicuous points of interest in an excursion down the bay. PORT McHENRI is an inner fort, located at the extremity of the point of land lying between the north- west and middle branches of the Patapsco River, known as Locust Point. The site originally bore the name of* Whetstone Point. Upon the outbreak of the Revo- lutionary War, its strategic importance was at once recognized, and steps were taken in 1775 towards its fortification. In the following year, a boom was con- structed between the Point and the Lazaretto, and a chain supported by twenty-one sunken schooners was stretched across the neck of the harbor. These and other fortifica- tions erected during the course of the war remained under the control of the State until 17!):;, when, in consequence of threatened hostilities with Greal Britain, the site was placed at the disposition of the Federal Government. It was accepted sonic years later, and by means of a public appropriation, supplemented by local subscriptions, a 174 Military Defences cmd Militia J7o star fort of brick-work was erected. [1 called Fort McHenry, in honor of Jama McHeriry, of Washington, who was the first Secretary of War under Washington. [Jpon the outbreak of* the war of \H\2. the new fortifi- cations were still further strengthened; with the resuh of successful resistance to British assault on September 13, 1814. At. the present time the aspect of the Tort, is more picturesque than formidable. Three batteries of the Third Artillery, — D, G and I, — are quartered tl. numbering in a]] about two hundred men. Entering the fort, the first building encounl with its scanty accommodations. To tv the Board of Police ( tommissioners, and is enforced under penalty of heavy fines. FOR CABS OR ONE-HORSE HACKNEY CARRIAGES. STEAMBOATS AND RAILROAD STATIONS To or from any Steamboat or Railroad Station, (<» any hotel or private house within the' following described boundary : On the Bast — Broadway. On the Nobth — North Avenue, On the West — Pennsylvania Avenue to Fremont Street ; Fremont Street to Arling- ton Avenue; Arlington Avenue to Mount ( *lare Station. On the South — From Mount ('hue Station, Cross Street to the Harbor. 7 A. M. II I'. M. to to II P. M. 7 A. M. For One Passenger * .25 f .50 For each additional Passenger 25 .25 L99 200 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 7 a. m: 11 P. M to to 11 P. M. 7 A. M. For each additional mile or part thereof beyond the limits above described, 15 cents per passenger may be charged. For each trunk, box or bag sufficiently large to be strapped on, 15 cents. No charge for small parcels or bag- gage taken in the carriage. CITY. To or from any point within the bound- ary given above : For One Passenger 25 .50 For each additional Passenger 25 .25 For each additional mile or part thereof beyond the limits above described, 15 cents per passenger may be charged. TI IV! E. For One Hour 75 1.00 For each additional Hour 50 .50 When a Cab is called by telephone or otherwise and not taken off a stand, 10 cents additional may be charged for such call. Cab Rates. 201 FOR TWO-HORSE HACKNEY CARRIAGES. STEAMBOATS AND RAILROAD STATIONS. To or from any Steamboat or Railroad Station, to any hotel or private house within the above described boundary : 7 A. M. 11 P. M. to to 11 P. M. 7 A. M. For One Passenger $ .50 .75 For each additional Passenger 25 .25 For each additional mile or part thereof beyond the limits above described, 25 cents per passenger may be charged. For each trunk, box or bag sufficiently large to be strapped on, 15 cents. No charge for small parcels or bag- gage taken in the carriage. CITY. To or from any point within the bound- ary given above : For One Passenger 75 1 .00 For each additional Passenger 25 .25 For each additional mile or part thereof beyond the limits above described, 25 cents per passenger may be charged. TIME. For One Hour 1.50 2.00 For each additional Hour 1.00 1.00 202 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 00 H U < a: O < u_ O oo y P OO p o oi -r oo os co co'cm" i-~ o CO iO - - _ _ . .— '\cTco~ i— i OS oo I- OS O -rP OS CO 1^ cxTof co~ o OS_ OS Ol CO ^H CO -r co I— I co~ H O co os .—i -^ iO iO 00 CO -fi io rt I ~ O I CO O~oo i--~ CO O OS r/> CO CO oo^ co CM CO O CM CKI- i-Tos wT "* CM CO T— I O OS OS OS >o o" OS Ol -ii- cc CO oi !C »o~cT I— CO CM iO QO I- CO^OS^iO io~cTco~ OO Ol CO l^ i— I IO iO oo o oT oo HH^| CO CO 00 7 ; i -h co co o CO CO iO oT I- I- I - ■- -p CO IH CO of cn" X CI CO iO CO —I t— I iO I- f co co o* CO I - o» CO — CO •V. l-~ CO oo o Ol I - iO~ CO — iO 'O OO rj^ coTco~ iO o — Ol -O c3 01 p. e CO c CO CU iO 1—1 r- S-. cu S 5- /■ .1 "7 a> — — .O 0) -1 fl 1 »-** o op cu ,e ccj p in a a ^ .7 • c CU C N '" a -3 3 ng . o ^ 3 r^H a» o ^ &H ^M Oi c 18 -o a s3 be '3 1 o S i s « *J.a "Ol eft -— _i^ r 2 ^ — S a cu ,o 2 --- a tl - •/; jd o D -»-> c T3° , C g — • CM c3 •"O ^ «) 1 p" bjor^ jj .5 V ,5 on - •-- ~ Ui C t-i ^a i AC be .5 CJ C3 0, ' — ^ CO CO • — Q> S3 3 to ^3 cu ~.a o c 5 "—^ cj . fe jj; a ^ cu -^- -" -rH O ale W Q co H OS co oi co — ; 1- O O OS O Tji -^ ^ a e bd a T3^H ^ O O ^ si Baltimore University, School of Medicine (The) 18 Baltimore Medical College (The) 21 Baltimore College of Dental Sur- gery (The) 22 Baltimore Transfer Co 54 Bartholomay Brewing Co 63 Berry Brothers 49 Birckhead, Lennox, & Co 27 Border State Savings Bank 26 Brehm, George 02 Brown, Alex., & Sons Cover. Brush Electric Company (The) 53 Burns, Russell & Co 45 Carrollton Hotel 4 College of Physicians and Surgeons. 17 Columbian Iron Works (The) 35 Cummins, Jas. S 61 Dietz, Bernhard 41 E. J. Codd Company 37 Ellinghaus, F. W 59 Ferguson, Wm., & Bro 43 Fisher, Emil 58 Fisher & Shaw 66 Friends' Elementary and High School 23 Garrett, Robert, & Sons 28 Gibson & Kirk 59 Gill, Wm. D., & Son 39 Gymnasium School (The) 23 Hetzell, John G., & Son 42 Hirshberg, Hollander & Co Hotel Rennert 6 Hotel Altamont 3 Hurst, Purnell & Co 32 Hutchinson Bros. 60 Imperial Hotel 8 James D. Mason Co. (The) 60 Jenkins, Henry W., & Sons 48 Johns Hopkins Press (The) 13 PAGE. Kirkland, Bayly W 26 Knabc, Wm., & Co 3 Kramer, If. \V 61 Leonbardt Wagon Mfg. Co 55 Lerch Bros 55 Loane, J. W 56 Logan, Ctaas. W., & Co 58 Loyola College 24 Lynn & Wall 5 Marshall's Restaurant 9 Maryland Pavement Co. (The) 50 Melvale Distilling Co 64 Middendorf, Oliver & Co 30 Mount de Sales Academy 15 Mt. St. Joseph's College 25 Murphy, John, & Co , 65 Niemann, Henry 40 Notre Dame of Maryland 16 Olive Dairy.. 64 Poole, Robert, & Son Co 36 Radecke & Co 56 Rittenhouse, N. M 44 Roche, Geo. J., & Son 57 Royal Blue Line 11 Ryan & McDonald Mfg. Co 52 Seemuller, Wm., & Co 51 Seim, Henry, & Co.. 57 Sheppard Isaac A., & Co 47 Sisson, Hugh, & Sons ... 46 Smith Premier Typewriter Co. (The) 25 St. Catharine's Normal Institute 24 St. James Hotel 7 The Eutaw 10 University of Maryland, School of Medicine 19 University of Maryland, Dental De- partment 20 Warfield, R. Emory 31 Western Maryland Railroad 12 Wilson, Colston & Co 29 Woman's College of Baltimore (The) 14 Young, Creighton & Diggs 34 NOTE. Care has been taken to present in the following pages the representative industrial and institutional interests of Baltimore. GRAND, UPRIGHT AND SQUARE PIANOS. Verdict of the World's Greatest Pianists and Musicians. EUGEN D'ALBERT: From fullest conviction, I declare them to be the best Instruments of America. DR. HANS VON BULOW: Their sound and touch are more sympathetic to my ears and hands than all others of the country. I declare them the abso- lutely best in America. ALFRED GRUNFELD : I consider them the best Instruments of our times. P. TSCHAIKOVSKY : Combines with great volume of tone rare sympathetic and noble tone color and perfect action. WA.RE ROOMS: BALTIMORE: Nos. 22 & 24 East Baltimore Street. NEW YORK: No. 148 Fifth Avenue. WASHINGTON: No. 817 Pennsylvania Avenue. HIGHEST POINT. PRETTIEST LOCATION. ELEGANT, HOMELIKE. "■* CUISINE UNSURPASSED. On Eutaw Place. Handsomest Boulevard Healthiest mode of steam heat in the world, by which air is changed in rooms every twenty minutes. Beautiful Parlor on top of House, being a Sun Parlor and Reception room com- bined, overlooks the entire city and Chesapeake Bay. American Plan, $3.00 to $4.50 Per Day C. WARNER STORK, Proprietor. THK CARROLLTON HOTEL. BALTIMORE, LIGHT AND GERMAN STREETS, BALTIMORE, MD. AMERICAN JPLAJ\ r . The largest and leading Hotel in the city. With all modern improvements. The most central location. Access- ible to all parts of the city. All lines of city passenger cars pass its doors. JAMES P. SHANNON, MANAGER. Terms: $4.00, $3.00 and $'>.r><> Per Day. LYNN & WALL, ARLINGTON RACE TRACK, ARLINGTON, BALTIMORE COUNTY MARYLAND BOOKS MADE ON ALL RACING EVENTS HOTPX RENNERT. Liberty and Saratoga Streets, BALTIMORE. MD. EUROPEAN PLAN. ROBERT RENNERT. Proprietor. ST. JAMES HOTTER, EUROPEAN PLAN. Charles Street, Cor. Centre. The cuisine, service and general appointments of the St. James are first class in every particular. The situa- tion of the St. James in the most fashionable quarter of the city and within a lew moments' walk of all the prin- cipal points of interest and fashionable Clubs renders it particularly desirable for tourists or parties who desire a quiet fashionable home. GEO. F. ADAMS, Manager. Send for Illustrated Souvenir of Baltimore. THE ALBION HOTEL. AMERICAN PLAN. Cor. Cathedral and Read Sts. A first-class family Hotel, situated in the most fashion- able section of the city, within a few moments' walk of all the principal points of interest and fashionable Clubs. Special rates by the month or year to families or parties desiring a permanent home or winter residence. GEO. F. ADAMS, Manager. Send for Illustrated Souvenir of Baltimore. 7 THE IMPERIAL HOTEL, MONUMENT SQUARE, BALTIMORE, MD. AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. Under the management of Charles Duffy & Co. (formerly of Philadelphia and Cape May), with John J. Shanfelter, resident manager, assisted by J. F. Wood Duffy. This hotel is conducted on both the European and American plans. First-class in every detail. Remodeled and newly fitted with all modern conveniences. Perfect sanitary arrangements. Electric lights. Steam heat. Electric call and return bell in each room. New platform fire-escapes. THE FINEST EQUIPPED HOTEL IN THE CITY. ROOMS ON EUROPEAN PLAN: AMERICAN PLAN: $1.0O Per Day, $2.50, $3.00, $3.50, $4.00 Upwards. Per Day. Charles Duffy & Co. also manage The Park Hotel, the largest and most pleasantly located hotel in Williamsport, Pa., with Charles Duffy, Jr., as resident manager. Terms moderate. CHARLES DUFFY & CO., PROPRIETORS. [OF PARK HOTEL, WILLIAMSPORT, PA,] MARSHALL'S aft) and ladies' 1 estaurant, Dining Rooms lor Ladies and Gentlemen, OPEN UNTIL MIDNIGHT. THE LOSEKAM, 1333 F Street, Northwest, Washington, D. C. THE MARSHALL, Cor. Calvert & German Sts., Baltimore, fid. THE EUTAW. SYLVAN US STOKES, Proprietor. Baltimore and Eutaw Streets, BALTIMORE, MD. Convenient to the shopping district and all places of amusement. Remodeled and Refurnished at a Cost of $75,000. AMKRICAN PLAN. Jidtes $2.50 to $4.50 Per Dai/. Hamburg American Packet Co. EXPRESS SERVICE. NEW YORK TO SOUTHAMPTON AND HAMBURG, ALSO NEW YORK TO GIBRALTAR, GENOA AND NAPLES. REGULAR SERVICE. NEW YORK TO HAMBURG DIRECT. HAMBURG BALTIMORE LINE. BALTIMORE TO HAMBURG DIRECT. Fop Tickets and information, apply to ARTHUR W. ROBSON, Baltimore Agent, 133 East Baltimore Street. 10 ROYAL BLUE LINE, BETWEEN New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, via BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R. miEit. fib m ssfest nun: is he woo. The entire equipment is brand-new, and consists of the finest Baggage Cars, Coaches, Parlor, Sleeping and Dining Cars ever built by the Pullman Company. The Trains are vesti billed from end to end, and pro- tected by P nil man's improved ANTI=TELESCOPING DEVICE, AND OPERATED BY NEW PERFECTED SIGNAL BLOCK SYSTEM. ALL THE CARS IN ALL THE TRAINS ARE HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH GAS. Ticket Offices : Camden Station and Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets. 11 WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD THE POPULAR P E N = H A R ROUTE! ONLY DIRECT ROUTE BETWEEN BALTIMORE AND HAGERSTOWN, WILLIAMSPORT, CHAMBERSBURG, WAYNESBORO, SHIPPENSBURG, GETTYSBURG AND HANOVER. CONNECTING WITH Norfolk and Western and B. and 0. Railroads ai Hagerstown; Penna. R. R. at Hanover and Bruceville ; N. C Ry. at Hanover Junction; Cumberland Valley R. R. at Hagerstown, Chambersburg and Shippensburg; Philadelphia and Reading at Shippensburg and Gettys- burg ; B. and 0. R. R. at Cherry Run, W. Va., and P., W. and B., B. and P. and N. C. Rail- roads at Union Station, Baltimore. RELIABLE FREIGHT and PASSENGER ALL-RAIL LINE Between Baltimore and Harrisburg, Reading, Lebanon, Williamsport, Pa., and points on Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and connections; also Knoxville, Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville, Atlanta, Mobile; New Orleans, and points on Norfolk and Western, East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia and Memphis and Charleston Railroads, and all points South and Southwest; also Westminster, Frederick, Taneytown, Emmittsburg, Carlisle, Martinsburg, W. Va., and Winchester, Va. FREIGHT Received and Delivered in any quantity at Hillen Station, and in Car Loads at Fulton, Jack- son's Wharf and Canton. WRITE FOR OUR SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE PUBLICATIONS: "Jaunts," "Sites for Homes," 'Gettysburg in War and in Peace." M Miin Free to any Address on Application. J. M. HOOD, Address, B. H. GR1SW0LD, General Manager. General Passenger Agent. BALTIMORE, MD. 12 THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS OR BALTIMORE. Journals, Etc, Issued by The Johns Hopkins Press, American Journal of Mathematics. American Chemk al Journal. American Journal of Phulology. Studies from the Biologicax Laroratory. Studies en History and Politics. Johns Hopkins LTniyersiti Circulars. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin. Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports. Contributions to Assyriology, et< Selected Moephologk al Monogbapi Annual Report of the Johns Hopkins University. Annual Reg isi i-.it 01 the Johns Hopkins University. Rowland's Photograph oi the Normal Solar Spectrum. Description of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The Oyster. By \V. K. , : w> and Studies B. L. Gilders Extra Volumes of the Studies iy Histori and POLITK -. The Teaching oi the Apostles. [ileediti MAPS OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. Topographic Map oi Baltimore and Vicinity. This map embraces an area of over four hundred square miles, and shows the county as far north as the Worthington Yah- far ille, and as far south a-- Anna] tion. Pre- - Geological Map ot Baltimore and Vicinity. This I upon I _ map in col represent the rock formation* • A full price list of publications will be sent on application to The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. I he \aJ orqaq s (LolleGre [e)ore, JOHN I . GOUCHER, President. Offers full courses in CLASSICS, MODERN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE, ENGLISH LITERATURE, BIBLE, MATHEMATICS, CHEM- ISTRY, BIOLOGY, PHYSICS, HISTORY, POLITICAL ECON- OMY AND PHYSICAL TRAINING. Specialists in charge of cadi department. Besl facilities for combining with Academic studies, Art, Music, Elocution and Physical Train- ing. The Gymnasium is unsurpassed in equipment, and under the charge of an experienced Physician, assisted by graduates of the Royal Central Insti- tute of ( rymnastics of Stockholm. The Buildings for instruction and administra- tion and the Homes, contain all modern appliances conducive to comfort, convenience and health. PROURAJTS WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION. Address THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF BALTIMORE. MOUNT DE SALES, ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION, CATONSVILLE, MD, This Institution, under the charge of the Sisters of the Visitation, is situated near Baltimore, and about one mile from Catonsville, and is unsurpassed for beauty of location and healthiness. It is surrounded by extensive grounds, a portion of which affords ample space for the sports and exercises of pupils; the remainder supplies the table with an abundance of fresh vegetables of all kinds in their season, and also suffices to provide for winter use. AN EXPERIENCED CORPS OF TEACHERS, Who keep up with the progress of the present time, direct a course of study which entitles the Sisters to claim justly for their Academy a position second to none in the country. THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT Is furnished with a fine apparatus of the most improved and recent make. THE ART ROOM Is presided over by Sisters who devoted themselves for years to cultivate their talent in the conservatories of New York, Boston and Baltimore, and study is rendered attractive to pupils by the method pursued. The success which has at- tended the efforts of those conducting the Music Class is well known, and it has obtained for them a Mattering repu- tation. TERMS. BOARD, TUITION, WASHING, MENDING, &c, &c, $250 PER ANNUM. MUSIC AND ART EXTRA. 15 NOTRE DAME OF MARYLAND Collegiate Institute FOR YOUNG LADIES A. N D PREPARATORY SCHOOL FOR LITTLE GIRLS. CONDUCTED BY THE SCHOOL SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME. Embla P. O., near Baltimore, Md u> College of Physicians and Surgeons BALTIMORE, MD. FACULTY. ABRAM B. ARNOLD, M. D., Emeritus Professor of Clinical Medicine. THOMAS OPIE, M. D., Professor of Gyne- cology and Dean of the Facultv. THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. AARON FRIEDENWALD, M. D., Pro- fessor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear. CHARLES F. BE VAN, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. WM. SIMON, Ph. D., M. D., Professor of Chemistry. GEORGE H. ROHE, M. D., Professor of Materia Medico, Therapeutics, Hygiene and Mental Diseases. J. W. CHAMBERS, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery. GEORGE J. PRESTON, A. B., M. D., Professor of Physiology, and Diseases of the Nervous System. N. G. KEIRLE, A. M., M. D., Professor of Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence. L. E. NEALE, M. D., Lecturer on Obstetrics. R. B. WINDER, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Principles and Practice of Dental Sur- gery as Applied to Medicine. The Regular Winter Session begins October 1st ends April 1st and is one of three annual sessions required for graduation. The student of medicine is given unsurpassed clinical advantages at this school. The New College Building. The Faculty lakes pride in announcing that the New College Building is complete in all its appointments. The New City Hospital is a magnificent structure, with a capacity of 300 beds, situated in the centre of the city. Its position enables it to command most of the accident cases occurring in Baltimore. The Faculty have the exclusive medical control of it. A systematic course of bedside instruction is given in the wards. The Maryland Lying-in Asylum, established by this school in 1874, was the pio- neer institution of its kind in this State. It furnishes each student with bedside instruction and experience. The Maryland Woman's Hospital has been merged into and forms an important part of the New Baltimore City Hospital. The New Colored Hospital. The building formerly known as the Woman's Hos- pital has been torn down and a handsome new structure is now open for the recep- tion of patients. It is the first hospital ever established in the State of Maryland exclusively for the colored race. Bay View, the Almshouse of Baltimore, which contains 1200 beds, has been thrown open for the clinical instruction of students of this school. A Resident Physician for the Medical and Surgical Departments is annually appointed at this institution, with a salary of $500 and board, from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. An Assistant Resident Physician is also appointed from this school for Bay View. The City Hospital Dispensary, organized over twenty years ago, has become wide- spread in its influence, and adds largely to the clinical attractions of the school. Frequent post-mortem examinations are made before the whole class, and the medico-legal bearings of cases are fully discussed. Attendance upon the demonstrations in the Physiological, Chemical and Patho- logical Laboratories is required of every student. The Anatomical rooms are spacious and airy, and dissecting material abundant. A Resident Physician and three Assistant Resident Physicians for the City Hos- Sital a Resident Physician for the Maternity Hospital and one for the Colored [ospital are appointed annually from the graduating class as awards of merit. A limited number of students will be admitted as residents in the hospital. All students who enter this school hereafter, will be subject to a preliminary examination. For full information, Address, THOMAS OPIE, M. D., Dean, N.W, Cor. Calvert and Saratoga Sts. 17 The Baltimore University SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. FACULTY JAMES G. LINTHICUM, M. D., 1327 W. Fayette Street, Professor of Prin- ciples and Practice of Medicine. ZEPHANIAH K. WILEY, M. D., 724 N. Carey Street, Professor of Anat- omy and Clinical Surgery. HAMPSON H. BIEDLER, M. D., 119 VV. Saratoga Street, Professor of Principles and Practice of Sur- gery. LOUIS C. HORN, M. D., 697 W. Mul- berry Street, Professor of Diseases of Children and Dermatology. J. W. C. CUDDY, A. M., M. D., 506 N. Carrollton Ave., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and Clini- cal Medicine. E MILLER REID, M. D., 904 N. Fre- mont Ave., Professor of Diseases of the Nervous System and Diseases of the Throat and Chest. EMANUEL W. EILAU, M. D. (Dean) 1523 E. Baltimore Street, Professor of Physiology, Hygiene and Pathology. HERBERT HARLAN, A. M , M. D., 317 N. Charles Street, Professor of Opthalmology and Otology. CHARLES GREENE, M. D., 1 S. Broadway, Lecturer on Chemistry, Toxicology and Microscopy. The regular course of Lectures in this institution begin October 1st, and continue six months. The Course of Instruction is thoroughly Systematic and Practical. Students have the amplest opportunities to receive instruction in medical, surgical, gynecological and obstetrical clinics. For Catalogue and further information, address E. W. EILAU, M. E>„ Dean, 1523 E. Baltimore Street. is University of Maryland SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, N. E. Corner of Lombard and Greene Streets, Baltimore, Md. The Eighty-Fourth Annual Course of Lectures in this Institution will commence on October 1, 1892. FACULTY. SAMUEL C. CHEW, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D., Pro- fessor of Diseases of Women and Children, and Clinical Medicine. JULIAN J. CHISOLM.M.D., Professor of Eye and Ear Diseases. FRANCIS T. MILES, M. D., Professor of Physiology, and Clinical Profes-or of Diseases of Nervous System. L. McLANE TIFFANY, M. D., Pro- fessor of Surgery. J. EDWIN MICHAEL, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics. I. EDMONDSON ATKINSON, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Clinical Medicine and Dermatology. J. HOLMES SMITH, M. D., R. DORSEY COALE, Ph.D., Prof, of chemistry and Toxicology. RANDOLPH WINSLOW, M. D., Pro- fessor of Anatomy and Clinical Sur- gery. JOHN N. MACKKNZIE, M. D., Clini- cal Professor of Diseases of the Throat and : FEBD. J. 8. GOfiGAS, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Principles of Dental Science, Dental Surgery and Dental Mechanism JAMES H. HARRIS. M. D., D. I Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry. CHARLES W. MITCHELL, M. D., Lecturer on Pathol' gy. JOSEPH T. SMITH, M. D., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene. Demonstrator of Anatomy. The Eighty-Seventh Annual Session of the University of Maryland will begin on the 4th day of October, 189.*>, and end in April, 1894. The Laboratories are fitted up with modern appliance-. Special attention is paid to per- sona] instruction in Medicine and Surgery. Each student before graduation has personal instruction in Obstetrics. For further information, apply to Dr. I. E. ATKINSON, Dean, 605 Cathedral Street. 19 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. DENTAL DEPARTMENT. N. E. Corner of Lombard and Greene Streets, BALTIMORE, MD, HON. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D., Provost. FACULTY. FERDINAND J. S. Qokgas, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Principles of Dental Science and Dental Surgery and Mechanism. James H. Harris, M. D., D. 1>. S., Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry. rg T. MILES, M. D., Professor of Physiology. L. McLane TlPFANT, 1M. D., Clinical Professor of Oral Surgery. Randolph Winslow, M. 1)., Professor of Anatomy. R. DORSET COALE, Ph. 1).. Professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy. I. EdMONDSON Atkinson, M. !>.. Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. John C. Uhler, M. I)., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. II. DAVIS, M. D., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry. .1. II. Smith, M. D., and R. B. Warfield, M. D., Demonstrators of Anatomy. The principal Demonstrators are assisted by sixteen Assistant Demonstrators. The instruction in both operative and mechanical dentistry is as thorough as it is possible to make it, and embraces everything pertaining to dental art. The advantages which the genera) and oral surgical clinics, to which the dental students are admitted (as indeed to all the lectures tl if y affords), cannot be overestimated. The many thousands of patients i >- treated in the University Hospital, and other sources, afford an abundance of ma- terial for the dental infirmary and laboratory practice, and the oral surgery clinics. The Dental Infirmary and Laboratory building is one of the largest and most complete structures of the kind "in the world. The Infirmary is lighted by.sixty-five large windows, and is furnished with the latest improved operating chairs. The Dental Infirmary and Laboratory are open daily (except Sundays) during the entire year for ion of patients, and the practice for dental students has increased to such an extent that all the students during the past session have had an abundance of practical work in both operative and prosthetic dentistry. This means for practical instruction has already assumed such large proportions that the supply has been beyond the needs of the large classes in attendance during the past sessions. Qualifications for Graduation: The candidate must have attended three full courses of lectures of five months each in different years at the Regular ox winter sessions in this institution. As equivalent to one of these, one course in any reputable dental college will be accepted. Graduates of medicine can enter the Junior class. The matriculant must have a good English education; a diploma from a reputable literary institution, or other evidence of literary qualifications will be received instead of a preliminary examination. All students, both juniors and seniors, have equal advantage in operative and mechanical dentistry in this institution throughout every session. Graduation in Medicine: Graduates of the Dental Department of the University of Maryland are required to attend but one session at the University School of Medicine prior to presenting themselves as candidates for the degree of " Doctor of Medicine." (See catalogue). The Regular or Winteh Session will begin on the first day of October, of each year, and will terminate in the following March. The Summer SESSION for practical instruction, will commence in March and continue until "the regular session begins. Students in attendance on the summer session will have the ad- vantage of all the daily Surgical and Medical Clinics of the University. fees for the Regular Session are If 100 ; Demonstrators' fees included; Matriculation fee, $5; I Hploma fee, for candidates for graduation, $30; Dissecting ticket, §10. For Summer Session, no charge to those who attend the following Winter Session. I',i n EI mi \ky; A beneficiary student will be received from each State, on the recommenda- tion of the State Dental Society, on the payment of half of the tuition fees. Board can be obtained at from $3.50 to $5 per week, according to quality. The University prize and a number of other prizes will be specified in the annual cata-logue. Students desiring information and the annual catalogue will be careful to give f'lll address and direct their letters to F\ J. S. GORGAS, M. D., TO. D. S., Dean of the Dental Department of the University of Maryland, 845 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Md. 20 The Baltimore Medical College. The Annual Course of Lectures begins October 1st. FACULTY. CHARLES G. HILL, M. D., Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases. ROBERT H. P. ELLIS, M. D., Professor «f Materia Medica and Therapeutics. WILMER BRINTON, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics. A. C. POLE, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. DAVID STREET, M. D., Professor of Prin- ciples and Practice of Medicine and Clini- cal Medicine. J. D. BLAKE, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Operative and Clinical Surgery. S. K. MERRICK, M. D., Professor of Dis- eases of the Nose, Throat and Chest. GEORGE REULING, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear. T. A. ASHBY, M. D., Professor of Diseases of Women. ROBERT W. JOHNSON. M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery. W.B.D.PENNIMAN,Lectureron Chemistry. WM. T. HOWARD, Jr., M. JJ., Patholo- gist. DANIEL L. BRINTON, L. L. B., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence. A. K. BONO, A. B., M. D., Lecturer on Diseases of Children. J. WEBB FOSTER, Ph. G., Lecturer on Pharmacy. J. G. WILTSHIRE, M. D., Lecturer on Topographical Anatomy and Syndes- mology. T. M. LUMPKIN, M. D., Demonstrator of Minor Surgery and Bandaging, and As- sistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. J. FRANK CROUCH, M. O., Demonstrator of Obstetrics. E. D. ELLIS. M. D., Instructor in Materia Medica an tics. R B. WARFIELD, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. WIRT A. DUVALL, M. D., Prosector. This College is a member of the National Association of Medical Colleges. The Preliminary Fall Coursk begins September 1st, continues one month, and is gratis to all students. The Regular Winter Course begins October 1st, and is the only one counted as one of the regular courses required for graduation. It has always been the aim of the Faculty of this School to provide for students, opportunities for obtaining a practical medical education. We endeavor, there- fore, to have laboratory and clinical work keep pace with the didactic instructions. The wards of the Maryland General Hospital, which is owned and controlled by this College, are filled witn patients suffering from almost every form of disease and injury, furnishing a large clinic of medical and surgical cases. Each student is required to complete the course in Anatomical, Chemical, Histo- logical and Pathological Laboratories; each candidate for graduation is required to pursue a course of practical hospital instruction. The Lying-in Department, thoroughly equipped, furnishes clinics in midwifery, throughout the year, every student witnessing cases ol labor and becoming well versed in practical obstetrics. The Gynaecological Department furnishes a large clinic on Diseases of Women. The Eye and Ear Department is well arranged for clinical teaching, and yields abundant material for practical instruction of students on diseases of the eye and ear. The Baltimore Medical College Dispensary furnishes an out-door clinic of thous- ands of patients annually. Our clinical facilities are excelled by none. Our New College Building is ready for reception of students. It is located on Madison Street, corner of Linden Avenue; it is five stories high and contains a large lecture hall and modern amphitheatre, each with a seating capacity of 500 students; Faculty room, Dean's office, large Dispensary and drug room on first floor, large Anatomical, Chemical. Histological and Pathological Laboratories. It is one of the most convenient and typical medical college buildings in the United States. For further particulars, send for Catalogue, and address DAVID STREET, M. D., Dean, 403 N. Exeter Street, Baltimore, Md. 21 THE Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Chartered by the Legislature of Maryland in 1839. THE OLDEST DENTAL COLLEGE IN THE WORLD. FACULTY. RICHARD B. WINDER, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Dental Surgery and Operative Dentistry. M. WHILLDIN FOSTER, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Therapeutics and Pathology. WM. B. FINNEY, D. D.S., Professor of Dental Mechanism and Metallurgy. B. HOLLY SMITH, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Special Anatomy and Dental Materia Medica. D., Pro- THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. fessor of Physiology. WILLIAM SIMON, M. D., Ph. D., Pro- fessor of Chemistry. CHARLES F. BEVAN, M.D., Clinical • Professor of Oral Surgery. J. W. CHAMBERS, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. GEORGE H. ROHE, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica. DEMONSTRATORS. R. BAYLY WINDER, Jr., Phar. G., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry^ W. G. FOSTER, D. D. 3., Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. ASSISTANT DEMONSTRATORS. GEORGE E. HARDY, M D., D. D. S. G. MARSHALL SMITH, D. D. S. The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the first, and for many years the only dental school, offers facilities for the study of dentistry proper such as age and experience only can give. Its immense museum, complete apparatus, large and well-arranged building, and carefully studied curriculum, give to its students great advantages and opportunities, both theoretical and practical, while its age gives its diploma a dignity far out-ranking all other colleges — a diploma honorably repre- sented in all civilized countries, and held by the most distinguished members of the dental profession. The fact that dentistry must be practically taught is fully recognized, the College Infirmary, a most complete, large and handsome hall, being daily filled with clean and respectable patients, of a class nearly equal to those of the average dentist. The Infirmary is open all the year, students paying an entrance fee, which is deducted from those of the regular succeeding course. The session begins October 1, closing in March. A large corps of demonstrators, always present, put in actual practice the teachings of all lecturers in dentistry — leaving nothing undeuionst rated. All methods are fully taught, all appliances and apparatus used ; the making of instruments and the most elaborate gold and con- tinuous gum work, and all the cases arising in ordinary practice, with many which are rarely seen, carefully demonstrated. The College has formed an alliance with the College of Physicians and Surgeons by which its students are privileged to attend all lectures and clinics. The patients of this medical school numbered last year over 40,000 TERMS OF GRADUATION.— Attendance on three winter courses of lec- tures in this College ; as equivalent to one of these we accept one course in any reputable dental college. Graduates in Medicine can enter the Junior class. BENEFICIARY STUDENTS— Each State Dental Society is privileged to send one Beneficiary Student to this College at one-half the regular fees. This has been for some years an established feature of this College. FEES.— Matriculation (paid once only ), $5 00. Tuition fees, $100.00. Diploma fee,$3).00. Dissecting fee, $10.00. Students corresponding with the Dean will please be careful to give full address, and direct their letters to Prof. R. B. WINDER, Dean, No. 716 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. The Gymnasium School. FOR BOYS AND YOUNG MEN. 608 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Md. Opposite Johns Hopkins University. Prepares for College, University, and for Business. Primary, Collegiate and Commercial Classes. Modeled after the German Gymnasium, the recognized standard I of the preparatory school. Gymnastics under a competent instructor. E. DEICHMANN, Principal. L. W. WILHELM, Vice-Principal. Friends' Elementary and High School McCulloh & Preston Sts., Baltimore, Md. FOR BOTH SEXES AND EVERY GRADE OF STUDENTS. ELI M. LAMB, Principal. This institution offers special inducements to all who have children to be educated. It is the only Co-educational School for Pupils of all Grades in the City of Baltimore. It affords the best physical, mental and moral training, and fits for any college. This fact is well estab- lished by the large number who, from it, have been admitted to Johns Hopkins University, in which they have attained a high rank among the most successful students thereof. It employs Professional teachers for all its various departments, which are well equipped with apparatus for illustrating the subjects taught. PLEASE SEND FOR A CATALOGUE. 23 LOYOLA COLLEGE, Calvert and Madison Streets. Under the direction of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. The Collegiate Year commences on the First Tuesday in September. For terms apply to Rev. JOHN A. MORGAN, S. J., President. St. Catharine's Normal Institute, BALTIMORE, MIX Directed by the Sisters of the Holy Cross. The great object of this institution, established under the imme- diate auspices of the Most Rev. Archbishop Bayley, will be to select and train those who show a disposition and fitness for the office to become teachers in Catholic and public schools. The course of instruction will be thorough in Keligion, English Branches, the Languages, Drawing, Needlework, Vocal and Instrumental Music. Particular attention paid to the training of organists and teachers of Catholic choirs. To make efficient teachers by giving this two-fold instruction, i. e., the necessary knowledge and the best method of imparting it, will be the aim of St. < atharine's Normal Institute. For detailed information apply for prospectus to Sister Superior, St. Catharine's Normal Institute, Cor. Harlem and ArUngton Aves., Baltimore. 24 MT. ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE, FREDERICK ROAD, BALTIMORE. I CONDUCTED BY THE XAVERIAN BROTHERS. There are three com udy, the Classical, Scientific and Com- mercial, besides an Elementary School for small boys. Terms — Payable in Adva Entrance fee $ 5 00 Tuition and board per session of five months 110 00 Tuition and music per session of five months 20 00 Use of Piano per session of five months 5 00 Day students from $15 to 30 00 For further information, add: BROTHER JOSEPH, Director, Carroll Station, Baltimore. The Smith Premier Typewriter Co. 116 St. Paul St. (Law Building] BALTIMORE, >XI>. Cabinets, Letter Files, Mimeographs, AND ALL KINDS OF Typewriter Supplies on hand. H. E. PERRY, Manager. Principal Office and Factory, Syracuse, N. Y., L. 5. A. 25 Anokk^ 3 i'. b. Dblanby, T INCORPORATED 1874. Border gtate gavings Banl^ OPEN FROM 9 A. M. TO 2 P. M. N, W. Cor. Fayette Street and Park Are.. BALTIMORE, 1VID. Amounts of $1.00 and upwards received ou deposit, and interest allowed. Your deposits respectfully solicited. DIRECTORS: John J. Payne, - Gosnell, J. J. McKewen, Lawrence Cloake, Andrew J. Conlon, Wm. McLaughlin, James McCom C. B. DeUiuey, T. H. Hanson, Anthony Daih U. L. Spicer, M. 1>. Wm. F. Wheatley. BAYLY K. KIRKLAND, ivil Engineer and iurvegor, Office, No. 100 E. Lexington St. BALTIMOBE, MB. Estimates and specifications furnished for all kinds of Engineering work. Special attention given to the division and development of suburban property, the sanitary drainage of country places, and the laying- out and con- struction of roads. Lennox Birckiiijad & Co. Real Estate Brokers Rooms 2 and 4, Law Building, BALTIMOEE. Buy, Sell and Lease Real Estate on Commission. LOANS NEGOTIATE!). Collections Promptly made and Estates carefully attended to. 27 & No. ii South Street, BALTIMORE. Issue KILLS OP EXCHANGE and COMMERCIAL CREDITS AND Negotiate Hallway and other Loans. Buy and Sell Stocks, Bonds, Receive Deposits and Transact a General Banking Business. 28 William Wilson &. Sons, Established 1802. Wilson, Colston & Co., " 1867. Jame8G. Wilson. Frederick M. Colston. William B.Wilson. WILSON, COLSTON & CO. (Me.mbeps Baltimore Stc BANKERS, 216 EAST BAL BALTIMOR] Investment and juritie ecialty. and wi j an died. nal facility in all ck bhern B Loans on C d. d infon fun. on application, and Correspond 1. J. Wm. Middendorf. William B. Oliver. IIDDENDORF, OLIVER & CO. (MEMBERS BALTIMORE STOCK EXCHANGE), Bankers & Brokers, KEYS©! BUHDIWG, No. 213 E. German Street, Baltimore, Md. Dealers in Municipal and other bonds for sate investment. Orders executed at the various Stock Ex- changes. Foreign Exchange a specialty. Drafts drawn on Great Britain and the Continent, and Travellers' and Commercial Credit furnished. 30 "WE HOLD THEE HA1 1. R. Emoi \Y. ?ield ;mi If 4 Roval (Fire) Insurance Co. I F LIVE Roval Building: 217 E« Baltimore St.. BALTT D. 1 1 TELEPHO'- E E JOHN E. HURST. LITTLETON B. PURNELL. WM. B. HURST. LLOYD L. JACKSON. WM. E. CLARKE. ESTABLISHED 1831. Hurst, Purnell & Co. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF Dry Goods, Notions, and White Goods. HOPKINS PLACE, Cor, Sharp, German, and Liberty Sts,, B ALTIMORE, M I> . Prompt and careful attention given to all business entrusted to us directly or through our representatives on the road. 32 -llx ,, & IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF NOTIONS, WHITE GOODS, SILK GOODS and MILLINERY. 9 and n W. B.UTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE Alexunder Young. Miller R. Creighton J. Ross Diggs. Qoanor, Creiorf)ton # & Diggs WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BOOTS 0Hl.. -and SHOES, SOUTHEAST CORNER HOPKINS PLACE & GERMAN ST., BALTI MORE. 34 The Columbian Iron Works and Drv Dock Co. OF BALTIMORE CITY. MD. SHIP AND ENGINE BUILDERS. STEEL ASh IRON STEA3Z8HIPS* Impound and t-iple e DRY Lj(j(,K 450 Y\AA YS LENGTH, ROBRKT POOLE & M CO, ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, W s?a™n? v BALTIMORE, MD. rOWEIt TRANSMISSION MACHINERY, SHAFTING, COLLARS, BEARINGS, PULLEYS, COUPLINGS, BRACKETS, BANGERS, PEDESTALS, SHEAVES. MACHINE MOLDED -> PLANED GEARING OF ALL KINDS. THE POOLE-LEFFEL TURBINE WATER-WHEEL STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS. DRIVING PLANT FOB CABLE RAILWAYS, MACHINERY FOR FLOUR MILLS, GRAIN BLEVATORSj WHITE LEAD WORKS, FERTILIZER FACTORIES, ROLLING MILLS. CATALOGUES AND CORRESPONDENCE ESTIMATES FURNISHED. SOLICITED. FACILITIES FUR THE HEAVIEST WORK. ].. .1. CODD, President. I. VV. MOHLER, Jr., Secretary and Trea urei E. J. CODD COMPANY, Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works, 700 to 708 South Caroline Street, BALTIMORE, M />. BUILDERS O IF* Stationary and Marine Boilers, Stills, Tanks, Agitators, Kettles, &c. Stationary and Marine Engines, Fertilizing Mills. Steam Dredges, Tug Boats, etc. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO STEAMSHIP. MILL AND OTHER REPAIRS. PIP£ FITTING. IRON AND BRASS CASTINGS MADE TO ORDER. Sole Proprietors of Barthell Patent Grate. S7 Hirsliberg, Hollander & Co., Manufacturers, Importers and Wholesale Dealers Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Glues, Window Glass, Brushes, &c. PAINTERS' AND ARTISTS' SUPPLIES. WHOLESALE DEPARTHENT: 106, 108, no WEST PRATT STREET. ARTISTS' DEPARTHENT: 28 WEST LEXINGTON STREET. RETAIL PAINT AND OIL DEPARTHENT: S. E. COR. PRATT & HANOVER STREET. FACTORY : COR. E. FALLS AVE. & GRANBY ST. S8 WM. D. GILL & SON, WHOLESALE and RETAIL LUMBER DEALERS GEORGIA PINE TIMBER A SPECIALTY YARD & /:'. Car* President & Alie&mna Sta TIMBER WHAR1 Phiijjfjt. near Will street* HENRY NIEMANN, CHURCH ORGAN 561 & 563 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, Md. BERNHARD DIETZ, GRANT & MERCER STREETS, BALTIMORE, MD. MANUFACTURER OF PRINTERS' ROLLERS AND ROLLER COMPOSITION SOLID, SMOOTH ROLLERS. My composition is made from the best material that can be produced. It is tough and elastic, and melts and pours easily ; needs very little or no seasoning ; keeps an even, splendid and clinging suction ; has the least possible shrinkage, and all those who have used it pronounce it a first-class article in every respect. cast any kind of Rollers promptly, and cast every day. Send diameter of mould, with letter of advice when ordering. 41 Telephone No. 1131, JOHN G. HETZELL & SON, METALLIC looting and Spouting, Copper and Galvanized Iron Cumins, &c, MADE ACCORDING TO ARCHITECTS' DRAWING8. Also Hayes' Patent Ventilating Fire-Proof Skylights, Conservatories, and other Glazed Structures, Ventilators and Chimney Caps, Corrugated Iron Roofing, Siding and Ceilings, and Dealers in Tin Plate, Zinc, Galvan- ized Iron, etc. ROOFS PAINTED. ALL WORK WARRANTED. No. 225 North Howard Street, BALTIMORE. 42 TELEPHONE CALL, NO. 2375 WM. FERGUSON & BRO., CARPENTERS; ««■> BUILDERS NO. 214 CLAY STREET, Between Park and Howard Streets, BALTIMORE. REFERENCES )N C. GOTT, ) V Architects. E Archkk, J Baldwin & Pennington, Jackson J. A. & W. F. Wilson, George Joseph H. Rieman. J. Hall Pleasants, Chairman Building Committee, Johns Hopkins University. Henry James, President Citizens' National Bank. J. A. Tompkins, Treasurer Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. Central Presbyterian Thurch, Eutaw Place. Lafayette Square Presbyterian Church. Faith Church, Biddle Street and Broadway. Boundary Avenue Church, Boundary Avenue and St. Paul Street. Biological Building, Chemical Building, ") Johns Hopkins University Physical Laboratory, Gymnasium, j Buildings. Commercial and Farmers' National Bank, Farmers' and Merchants' Bank, Central Savings Bank, Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore Sugar Rkfinkry. Fidelity &. Deposit Company, St. Agnes' Hospital. a N. M. RlTTENHOUSE, MANUFACTURER OF Vitrified Drain and Sewer Pipe WITH CONNECTIONS, FIRE CLAY CHIMNEY PIPE, Stove l!rick Linings, Fire Brick, Fire Clay, Etc., Etc. YARD, FOOT OF CROSS STREET, Next to EllicoiCs Furnace. ^CI^BllSriED 1848 MAN(Jr/\CTU^EF\Or tBMsa M N^f\ITTENHDU5E|ropneloi officer <2 ■sigjs^ BALTIMORE. MD T of Cf^ gg My Vitrified Silica Glazed Pipe received the highest award at the Centennial Exhibition, 1876, for strength and durability, under the personal supervision of Gen'l Q. A. Gilmore, of the U. S. Engineers, detailed by the U. S. Government to superintend all Hydrostatic and Acid tests. Vitrified Silica Glazed Pipe are as durable and as im- perishable as glass, indestructible by the action of acids, weather or other causes, and will last for centuries. My Fire-Clay Chimney Pipe is made of the best selected fire-clays, and is not aflected by the sudden changes in the temperature, nor by frost or heat. This pipe is safer from fire than brick flues, as it is made of pure fire-clay, which is a perfect non-conductor of heat. This pipe should not be taken for sewer pipe. My Fire-Brick Cupola Lining, Tiles and Stove Lining is so well known that very little need be said, as wherever it has been used, has given satisfaction. 44 ESTABLISHED 1818. BURNS, RUSSELL & CO MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Pressed and Moulded Bricks, Architectural and Decorative Terra Cotta. CLAY ROOFING TILES. Office, 535 Columbia Ave., BALTIMORE, MD. 45 HUGH SISSON & SONS, BALTIMORE, MD. ft Monuments, Tombs, Cemetery Curbing, Tiles, Fonts, Altars, Tablets, riantels and Plumber Slabs. OUR SPECIALTY > DO r FANCY MARBLE FACINGS, WAINSCOTING FOB VESTIBULES, BATH BOOMS AND HALLS, ALSO STALLS FOR URINALS. -u\ HEAT YOUR HOUSE WITH ONE FIRE ! IT IS EASILY DONE, IF YOU HAVE THE PARAGON FURNACE Fireplace Stoves are out of date — crude and occasioning discomfort, they have been discarded. Steam and hot-water heating are too costly, and expensive to keep in repair. A good hot-air furnace fills the require- ments of modern house-heating more satisfactorily than any other appliance. There are many furnaces that are not good. Our furnace book, " Hints About Heat- ing,"' will tell you how to judge of what is good in this line. HAVE YOU A GOOD RANGE? If not, you do not yet know what true home comfort is. The " FIDELITY RANGES," and many others of our manufacture, lack nothing of what is need- ful for perfect cooking. Our pamphlet, " Some Things We Want You to Know," will give you full particulars. Mailed free upon application. ISAAC A. SHEPPARD & CO. Eastern Avenue & Chester St., Baltimore, Md. established 1859. Largest Manufactory of Stoves Furnaces and Ranges in the Southern States. 47 ESTABLISH ED 1798 HENRY W.JENKINS A SONS, CABINET MAKERS Jl UPHOLSTERERS, 310 N. CHARLES and 14 W. SARATOGA STS., BALTIMORE. MD. MANUFACTURERS AND DESIGNERS OF ARTISTIC FURNITURE. CHURCH. BANK AND OFFICE WORK MADE TO ORDER. UPHOLSTERY DEPARTMENT. SUPERB ASSORTMENT OF FABRICS FOR FURNITURE, CURTAINS and WALL HANGINGS. LACE CURTAINS IN EVERY VARIETY. BRAES AND IRDN BEDSTEADS DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. HENRY W. JENKINS A SONS. ESTABLISHED 1858. BERRY BROTHERS, 22 East Lombard Street, BALTIMORE, MD. MANUFACTURERS OF COACH, CAR, FURNITURE AND HOUSE PAINTERS' JAPANS AND LIQUID DRYERS. ORIGINATORS AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF Oenuine Hard Oil Finish, "White," "Light," "Walnut" and "Ebony." [Shellacs in all Colors, Made from Grain or Wood Alcohol. Black Varnishes of Every Variety, Self Drying or Baking. Carriage Varnishes, Unsurpassed in Durability and Finish. Elastic Outside Varnish, The Best Article manufactured, for Doors, Store Fronts, etc. ithe Largest Varnish Factory in the World. All Goods Guaranteed, CAUTION. In order to insure your getting Genuine goods, ask for Berry Brothers', and insist on either seeing the labels on the can or the ")rand on the barrel. We ask this for your, as well as for our pro- tection, and if you obtain the genuine, we will guarantee the result*. Factory, Detroit, Mich. BRANCH STORES. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. BOSTON. CINCINNATI. PHILADELPHIA. SAN FRANCISCO. 4» ST. LOUIS (OMPKKSSKI) ASPHALT BLOCK AND TILE PAVEMENTS. The M ar y lan{1 Pavement Co. Equitable Building, BALTIMORE Ml). « THE © mm electric conrnm OF BALTIHORH CITY, EAL t L D I ] UJI ARC LIGHTING. INCANDESCENCE LIGHTING ELECTRIC POWER. PASSENGER, BAGGAGE AND FREIGHT, 205 E. Baltimore Street. Tally-Ho's, Busses and Park Phaetons for Parties. Baggage Transferred to and from all parts of the City. Freight of every description handled with despatch. Special facilities for handling Safes and heavy Machinery. M LERCH BROS., MANUFACTURERS OF addlerg, Harness, |ollars, |g. Nos. 7, 9, and n, E. Pratt St., BALTIMORE. LE01ARDT WAGON MF'G CO. BUILDERS OF Omnibuses, Fancy Delivery, Express, Patent Goal Wagons and Trucks OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. LARGE STOCK ALWAYS ON HAND. 416 to 420 E. Saratoga Street. 5fi J. W. LOANS, ■MimrricTDHis- O < ** AWNINGS 15 N. Gay Street, lift (tun ore, Md. RADECKE & CO., All Noh. 18 St jo Uo( Lellen St., near i'jky«i t«- St., Baltimore, Md. onUr$ promptly IS02-8. ti HENRY SKIM & CO. Ma WINDOW GLASS, POLISHED* ROUGH PLATE GL pi — CHURCHES, BANKS, OFFICES, DWELLINl Jj PUBLIC BUILDINC I J A LT I >J O It I GEO. J. ROCHE & HOUSE, Fre i and Sign Paint l 22 DRY CLEANSING AND DYEING, 216 WEST FAYETTE STREET, „ , H T;"' t BALTIMORE. Hmoard ana Park Avenue, Ladies' and gentlemen's garments cleaned and dyed without ripping. Household goods of every description cleaned. Blanket and Curtain cleansing a specialty. Goods sent by Mail or Express, and full information and price list* fur- nished upon application. CHAS. W. LOGAN & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Chas. W. Logan's Choice Flavoring Extracts, Proprietary Prepara- tions and Specialties. No. 112 NORTH LIBERTY STREET, (Formerly 314 W. Baltimore Street,) BALTIMORE. MD. 58 C. T. GIBSON, S. E. KIRK. GIBSON & KIRK, Lock Manufacturers^ Bell Hangers. Brass Locks and all kinds of Brass Work for Ships. Electric Bells ; Speaking- Tubes ; Brass Railings. Ornamental Brass Work for Banks, Offices, &c. No. 45 CHEAPSIDE, BALTIMORE, MI). F. W. ELLINGHAUS, MERCHANT TAILOR, 205 WEST FAYETTE STREET, (3rd Door West of Park Ave.) BALTIMORE, MD Jamjm P. Mason, President. Saii'l G. Mason, K<««-/Yfc»Mfe»w. THE JAMES D. MASON CO. STEAM CRACKER BAKERY, Nos. 17 and 19 East Pratt Street, BALTIMORE, MB. Opposite rialtby House. HUTCHINSON BROS. MANUFACTURERS OF Steel Plate French Cooking Ranges, Entire Kitchen Apparatus. URNS, COFFEE, TEA, CARVING TABLES, SAUCE PANS, &c, STEEL PLATE FURNACES. CELEBRATED 400 STEEL RANGE & BROILER. Factory, Light and German Streets, Baltimore. SHOW ROOMS: 14 Light Street, Baltimore; 1420 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C 60 DnMOLOMT Drewekt (a. ROCHESTER, N. Y. BALTIMORE BRANCH. OFFICE AND DEPOT: 227-239 South Central Ave. 218-220 South Eden Street. GEO. C. SUCRO, Telephone 1060. Manager. 63 MELVALE DISTILLING CO. MELVALE STATION, BALTIMORE CO., MD. Office: 45 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. F. A. BOYD EN, New York Agent, 45 Beaver St. OLIVE DAIET. ESTABLISHED 1866 The well-known reputation of this Dairy is a guarantee that nothing but a STRICTLY PURE ARTICLE OF MILK' Will be delivered to its patrons. All persons wishing to be served can give their orders to our drivers or send them to the office, * No. 1029 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. •<»t <