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THE STORY OF 
 THE SESOUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE 
 First Mayor of Greater Pittsburgh, Chairman General Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial 
 
THE STORY OF THE 
 
 SESOUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 CELEBRATION OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 JULY 4, SEPTEMBER 27 TO OCTOBER 3, AND NOVEMBER 25, 1908 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 WITH PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT MEN AND WOMEN AND VIEWS 
 TAKEN DURING THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL, OF MARINE PARADE, 
 GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY, UNIVERSITY OF PITTS- 
 BURGH AND MEMORIAL HALL DAY, ETC. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 W. H. STEVENSON AND BURD S. PATTERSON 
 
 PrnSBLKGH'S SESQUI-CEMICNMAI. 
 
 DR. SAMUEL B. McCORMICK 
 
 FOR SUNDAY AND UNIVICKSITV OF FllTSBURGH WW 
 
 COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
 
 l-OK MONDAY, HLOCK HOl'SK DAY 
 
 H. D. W. ENGLISH 
 
 FOR GRli.VTER PIITSBUKGH DAY 
 
 A. J. KELLY, JR. 
 
 FOR ANNI\ FRi^AKY DAY 
 
 COL. WILLIAM T. PATTERSON, MAJ. H. H. BENGOl^GH, 
 COL. S. W. HILL AND JUDGE CHARLES F. McKEXNA 
 
 I'OK SOLDIERS' ME.MORIAL HALL DAY 
 
 SIDNEY A. KING 
 ^^■\NAGI^■G editor and comiili-.k 
 
 R. W. JOHNSTON 
 
 ART ADVISER 
 
 rri'.i.i.siiKu u\ 
 
 THK K. W. JOHNSTON STUDIOS, Inc. 
 
 1910 
 
f 
 
 
 Col'VKIGHTEI) in- 
 
 SinNF.V A. KING 
 IqlO 
 
 All Rii^hts Rcservi-<l 
 
 K. K. IJONNKLI.KY * SONS COMPANY 
 CHICAGO 
 
TO THE 
 
 PUBLIC SPIRITED MEN AND WOMEN OF PllTSBUKGH 
 
 WHOSK rOKTKAlTS APPEAR HliKKIN. 
 
 WHO. BV GIVING THEIR TIME AND MONEY, MADE 
 
 IT POSSIBLE FOR 
 
 PITTSBURGH'S 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY 
 
 TO BE THE MOST GLORIOUS DAY 
 
 IN THE HISTORY OE 
 
 THIS CITY. 
 
 WE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATE 
 
 THE STORY OK THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT 
 
 IN presenting this work, "The Story of the Sesqui-Centennial." to our friends, the pub- 
 Hshers beg to say that it is not a "cut and liried history," but a readable story of what 
 took place during "Pittsburgh's Greatest Birthday," and we desire to thank all who have so 
 kindly helped us. 
 
 Mucli credit is due Mr. W. H. Stevenson, Chairman, and Mr. Biu-d S. Patterson, 
 Secretary of the Executi\e Committee; Mr. H. D. W. English, Chairman Greater Pitts- 
 burgh Day Committee; Mr. A. j. Kelly. Jr.. Chairman of Anniversary Day Committee; 
 Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chairman of Pittsburgh University and Clergymen's Committee; 
 Colonel Samuel Harden Church. Orator at the Block House: Mrs. Edith Darlington 
 Ammon, President of Daughters of American Revolution; Captain James A. Henderson 
 and George M. Lehman of Marine Committee; Judge Charles F. McKenna, Colonel 
 William T. Patterson, Colonel S. W. Hill, Colonel Charles Otto Smith, and Major H. H. 
 Bengough, of the Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee, who made the work possible. 
 
 To the ilaily papers, who gave us the choice of all the views taken with articles from 
 their pages, we thank the "Dispatch," "Post," "Sun," "Press," "Gazette-Times," "Chron- 
 icle-Telegraph," "Leader," and Walter C. Jarrett, Photographer. 
 
 We have spared neither time nor expense in making this the most valuable artistic book 
 ever published about Pittsburgh; plates, paper and binding are of the Hnest qualit\ . We 
 also desire to thank our friends for their liberal patronage. 
 
 THE R. \V. JOHNSTON STUDIO, rxc. Pi Hl.lSHKRS. 
 
 Phtshukgh, Jli.y i, 1910. 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Edited by W. H. STEVENSON and BURD S. PATTERSON 
 
 THE MAYOR'S PROCLAMATION 
 
 On June 21, 1008, Hon. ('jcorL,^' W. (nithrie, 
 acting as mayor of Pittsburgh and chairman (jf 
 the city's Sesqui-Centennial Committee, issued a 
 proclamation and appeal which was puljlished 
 in the daily papers of the next day. The docu- 
 ment read as follows: 
 "To the Citizens of Pittsburgh: 
 
 "On Xovemher 25, 1758, the British and 
 Colonial troops, under the command of General 
 [ohn Forbes, took possession of the smoking 
 ruins of Fort Duijuesne, which had been aban- 
 doned the day before l)y the French and Indians. 
 .\s the sun was setting, the British flag was raised 
 Ijy the brave Pennsj'lvanian, C(;lonel John .Arm- 
 strong, in the presence of Washington, Forbes, 
 Boucjuet, Mercer and other noted American and 
 British soldiers, and the name of the great Pitt, 
 whose genius had conceived the expedition, thus 
 signally crowned with success, was conferred 
 most appropriately upon the site between the 
 Forks of the Ohio, which was long thereafter 
 known as the 'Gateway of the West.' 
 
 " 'I'his marked the beginning of the first perma- 
 nent white settlement of the spot upon which 
 our great city is located, as well as the conferring 
 of its name, for the attempt of the Ohio company 
 to establish a fort and a trading post at the Forks 
 in Feljruary, 1754, had been rudely terminated 
 by the advent of an overwhelming force of French 
 and Indians two months thereafter, while the 
 troops of Forbes, a little more than four and a 
 half years later, compelled the l''rench garrison 
 to destroy its defenses and habitations, and 
 abandon forever the attempt to make the place a 
 French settlement. 
 
 "On November 25th of the present year will 
 occur the 150th anniversary of the permanent 
 founding and naming of Pittsburgh, and it is 
 
 (1 
 
 most lltting that the event be celeljraled in a man- 
 ner appropriate to the city's important history 
 and its great growth and achievements in many 
 lines. To that end Councils appointed a com- 
 mittee to co-operate with the general committee 
 of citizens in arranging for a suitable program 
 of ceremonies. These committees, having united 
 their elTorts, have now advanced the work to a 
 point where the personal and financial co-opera- 
 tion of all citizens is needed. 
 
 "In view of the fact that the city's birthdav 
 anniversary occurs at a season wlien the weather 
 is likely to be too inclement for an outdoor cele- 
 bration, it was thought best to have the chief 
 program during the week, September 27th to 
 October 3d. .\s the first important act of General 
 I'orbes and his army, after taking possession of 
 and naming the site of Pittsburgh, was to hold a 
 thanksgiving service, so it is very appropriately 
 contemplated to begin the week of celebration with 
 suita1)le religious services in all the cliurches. 
 It is proposed to utilize only the evenings of the 
 ne.xt three days for the appropriate ceremonies 
 and functions. The la.st three days of the week 
 will be occupied with outdoor demonstrations, 
 parades and displays. One dav will ])e particu- 
 larly known as 'Greater Pittsburgh Day.' 
 
 "The industrial, commercial, artistic, educa- 
 tional, musical and literarv growth and progress 
 of the city will ])e pro|)erl\' illustrated during 
 the week, and great historic events of the com- 
 munity will be fittingly commemorated and 
 reproduced. There will be militarv. marini' 
 and civic pageants. .\ s[)ecial effort will be made 
 to induce all former Pittsburghers, now living 
 elsewhere, to visit their old home at this time. 
 The President of the United States, and other 
 distinguished Americans, will be asked to be the 
 city's guests, and representatives of the Pitt, 
 
 
 
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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 
 
 Forbes, and Schcnlev families will be invited from 
 abroad. There will be an exhibit at the Car- 
 negie Art Galleries of paintings of distinguished 
 Pittsburghers and of old Pittsburgh scenes, while 
 a special effort will be made to have the Western 
 Pennsylvania Exposition this year more thor- 
 oughly representative of Pittsljurgh industries 
 than ever before. 
 
 "As it was deemed proper th;it the usual 
 Independence Day celebration should Ije held 
 this year, and it was not thought desirable, in 
 view of the existing financial situation, to make 
 two appeals for funds, the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
 mittee decided to appoint a sulxommitlec to take 
 charge of the Fourth of July exercises, the head 
 of which subcommittee being the Director of 
 Puljlic Works, who has in past years had the 
 supervision of the day's ]jrogram. 
 
 "On November 25th. the city's birthday will 
 be appropriately observed, an efficient subcom- 
 mittee havmg been appointed to have special 
 charge of the program for the day. 
 
 "In order to make the whole celebration a fitting 
 one, it will be necessar\- for citizens generally to 
 contribute financial aid. It may be remarked 
 that it is the idea of the committee, in view of the 
 existing financial stringencv. to indulge in no un- 
 necessary or tri\ial extravagances, but at the 
 same time to endeavor to make the celebration 
 such as will redound to the credit of the city, and 
 one that will be not only beneficial to our people 
 generally, but also interesting and instructive. 
 •Knowing this, I have no hesitation, as ^layor and 
 Chairman of the General Ses(|ui-Ccntennial Com- 
 mittee, in now appealing to all good citizens of 
 Pittsburgh to contribute according to their means 
 to the fund required for the celebration and also 
 to lend their personal aid to iht' work of tiie com- 
 mittee generally. 
 
 "Contriinitions may be .sent to Jolin 15. Jackson. 
 Treasurer of the Sesqui-Centennial Committee. 
 No. 343 Fourth Avenue. 
 
 "I earnestly trust that the response to this 
 appeal will be such as to insure a celebration 
 
 commensurate with the dignity, greatness and 
 histor}' of the city and one which every true and 
 loyal Pittsljurgher may hereafter ever recall with 
 proper ])ride. George W. Guthrie." 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CELEBRATION 
 
 The above proclamali(jn nut only very clearly 
 set fcjrth the reasons for having the Sesqui-Cen- 
 tennial celebration of Pittsburgh, but it also quite 
 accurately outlined the form which it eventually 
 took. Before it was issued, consideraljle pre- 
 liminar}- work had been done. 
 
 The idea of holding the Ses<|ui-Centennial cele- 
 bration was first publicly advocated in an editorial 
 written by Burfl S. Patterson on .\ovembcr 25, 
 igo6, and printed in the "Pittsburgh Post" of the 
 next morning. The article was during the next 
 thirteen months followed by about fifty others by 
 the same author in the same paper, all urging the 
 holding of the celebration. During the summer 
 and fall of 1907 Mr. Patterson, in personal inter- 
 \iews and in writing, submitted to the officers and 
 directors of the Chamber of Commerce detailed 
 plans for the celebration. In March, 1908, he sub- 
 mitted these plans to Mayor George W. Guthrie, 
 who approved them, and a few days later had the 
 matter Ijrought to the attention of City Councils. 
 
 In Deceml)er, igo6, the Pittsburgh Chapter 
 of the Daughters of the American Revolution, at 
 the instance of the Regent, Mrs. Samuel .A. Am- 
 mon. and Miss Julia Morgan Harding, ]jassed 
 resolutions approving of the proposed celebration. 
 Early in January, 1908, the Chapter requested 
 Mayor Guthrie to take an interest in the cele- 
 bration and a few days later he re]:)lied, asking for 
 some suggestions, whicli were furnished to him 
 about the first of April. 
 
 On Monday evening, March .^oth, at the in- 
 stance of Mavor Guthrie, Josei)h C. Wasson 
 introduced in Common Council a re.'^olution . 
 which was unanimouslv passed, providing tor 
 the appointment of a committee of councils to 
 act with a committee of citizens to arrange for 
 the celebration. 
 
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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The same evening, on the motion of WUliam 
 H. Stevenson, the resolution was approved by 
 Select Council. 
 
 About three weeks later President William 
 Brand of Common Council appointed the follow- 
 ing members of that body to represent it on the 
 committee: Joseph C. Wasson, Hugh Ferguson, 
 Samuel McElroy, Charles Gulland, R. K. Coch- 
 rane, George J. Kambach, Jacob Soffel, Jr. 
 
 During the next week, Dr. E. R. Walters, Presi- 
 dent of Select Council, appointed the following 
 members of that body on the committee: William 
 H. Stevenson, T. J. Hawkins, Richarfl Armstrong, 
 I'. .\. Manion, Charles C. Kohne. 
 
 On April 29th the committee of Councils met 
 and organized by electing William H. Stevenson, 
 Chairman, and Edward J. Martin, Secretary. 
 
 On April 30th Mayor Guthrie, after consulta- 
 tion w-ith Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Patterson, named 
 a General Committee of Citizens to co-operate 
 with the Committee of Councils. Subsequently, 
 an agreement was reached h\- which both com- 
 mittees were consolidated into one (ieneral Com- 
 mittee with the understanding that the Chairman 
 of the Councils Committee should be the Chair- 
 man of the Executive Committee of the General 
 Committee, and that the Councils Committee 
 should be a subcommittee of the General Com- 
 mittee and, in concert with the Ma\-or, should 
 have full jurisdiction over all matters requiring 
 the action of the city's lawmakers. 
 
 The General Committee met in the Common 
 Council Chamber on May 7, 1908. Mayor 
 Guthrie called the meeting U) order and stated the 
 (object of the committee to t)e to secure a suitable 
 celebration of the city's one hundred and fiftieth 
 birthday anniversary. The Maxor was elected 
 chairman of the meeting and suggested that Purd 
 S. Patterson act as temporary si'cretar\-. 
 
 THE COMMITTEE ORGANIZED 
 
 The Mayor, being called away by pressure of 
 olTicial business, relinquished the chair to W. K. 
 Shiras. A permanent organization was elTected 
 
 
 
 by the election of the following officers: Chair- 
 man, H. D. W. English; First \'ice-Chairman, 
 Hon. James W. Brown; Second Vice-Chairman , 
 II. J. Heinz: Third Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Samuel 
 A. Ammon: Treasurer, John B. Jackson; Chair- 
 man of the E.xecutive Committee, W. H. Steven- 
 son; Secretary, Burd S. Patterson. 
 
 The officers, Chairman of the E.xecutive 
 Committee and Mayor were authorized to decide 
 upon the plan and scope of celebration and to 
 select necessary subcommittees. Meetings of 
 the officers were held on May 7th and May nth 
 in the Mayor's offiice. Mr. ICnglish liaving found 
 it necessary to decline the chairmanship of the 
 General Committee, Mayor Guthrie was elected 
 to the position with the understanding that William 
 H. Stevenson, Chairman of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, should be the active executive officer and 
 that the Mayor's duties as General Chairman 
 should be chielly of an advisory character. This 
 understanding was carried into effect and the 
 result was highly satisfactory-. Mr. Stevenson 
 proved to be a most capable executive ofiicer of 
 the committee. He worked untiringly and effi- 
 ciently. He was full of hel])ful suggestions and 
 ever ready to listen to such from others. He 
 was careful in approving expenditures and in- 
 sisted upon the provision of the necessary means 
 in advance of any appropriation being made. 
 Mayor Guthrie was also very helpful not only 
 as an adviser but in securing the co-operation of 
 the Citv Councils and other officials and in per- 
 forming the many dvilies and functions which 
 developed upon him as ihe Chief E.xecutive of 
 the city and Chairman of the General Committee. 
 
 On Mav i()th a meeting of the orficers and 
 chairman of the subcommittees was held in 
 Select Council Chamber for the purpose of 
 organizing the E.xecutive Committee. W. H. 
 Stevenson was made Chairman of the Executive 
 Committee and Burd S. Patterson, Secretary. 
 Subsequently. A. J. Kelly, Jr., was chosen Vice- 
 Chairman. In this capacity, and also as Chair- 
 man of the Anniversary Day Committee, Mr. 
 
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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Kelly did notable work. Mr. li. 1). W. English 
 accepted the chairmanship of the Subcommittee 
 on Greater Pittsburgh Day with the understanding 
 that one day of the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration 
 should be so denominated. He stated that a 
 fund of between S6,ooo and 87,000, whicli had 
 been raised for the celebration of the creation of 
 a Greater Pittsburgh bv the "Pittsburgh 
 Dispatch" and the Chamber of Com- 
 merce, would be used for the expenses of the 
 Sesqui-Centennial Greater Pittsburgh Day 
 Celebration. Thereafter the Executive Com- 
 mittee met fre(|ucntlv. 
 
 PLAN OF CELEBRATION' 
 
 It was decided that the celebration should be 
 in three parts. The first celebration was to be 
 on Independence Day and Director of Public 
 Works Alexander B. Shepherd was made Chair- 
 man (jf the subcommittee having the celebra- 
 tion in charge. The Sesf|ui-Centennia] Committee 
 agreed to undertake this particular celebration, 
 as it was not deemed advisable to have the 
 Mayor issue two different appeals for funds 
 at a time when business conditions were so 
 unfavorable. 
 
 Tile second part of the celebration, it was 
 decided, should be held during the week Septem- 
 ber 2 7th-October 3d when, it was believed, the 
 weather would be favorable for outdoor demon- 
 strations. The third part of the celebration was 
 to be held on Xovember 25th. the 150th anniver- 
 sary of the taking of I-'orl Duquesne and the 
 naming of the site Port Pitt or Pittsburgh bv 
 General John Forbes. 
 
 'Phese plans were successfully carried out. 
 They in\-olved the raising of 850,000 by the 
 Executive Committee. Councils also appro- 
 priated Sio,ooo for decorating \hv citv's 
 main thoroughfares and |)ubiic buiUHngs, 
 and 83,500 for the cit}' departments' lloats 
 in the Greater Pittsburgh Day parade. The 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day special fimd of 86,794.90 
 was also exi)endc'(l. 
 
 FINANCE COMMITTEE ORGANIZED 
 
 On May 30th, James I. Buchanan, as Chair- 
 man of the Subcommittee on Finance, selected 
 about seventy members of this subcommittee, 
 the selections being confirmed by Mayor Guthrie 
 as Chairman of the General Committee. Sub- 
 sequently the membership of the Finance Com- 
 mittee was increased to one hundred. On June 
 16th Mr. Buchanan having resigned as Chair- 
 man of the Finance Committee. Colonel James 
 M. Guflfey, who hatl l^een appointed Chairman 
 of the committee, accepted the position and 
 named Edward ]M. Bigelow as Mce-Chairman. 
 It is but just to say that to Messrs. GulTev and 
 Bigelow is due the credit for raising most of the 
 money needed for the celebration. 
 
 The Independence Day Committee having asked 
 for an appropriation of Sio,ooo, and there being 
 as yet no money collected by the Finance Com- 
 mittee, and Chairman Guffey and \'ice-Chairman 
 Bigelow having agreed to guarantee that the 
 amount asked for would be forthcoming when 
 needed, even if they had to personally supply it, 
 the Finance Committee thereupon voted the ap- 
 propriation as asked. Subsequently at the meet- 
 ing of the Finance Committee, held July 3d. Mr. 
 Bigelow, as Chairman of the Subcommittee on 
 Corporations, reported that himself. Col. GutTey, 
 and Mr. Buchanan had called upon Mr. A. C. 
 Dinkey of the Unitrd States Steel Corporation and 
 secured a promise of a subscription of 810,000 
 from that organization, and also that the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad Company had subscribed 84,000, 
 and tile Pitts])urgh Railways Company Si,ooo. 
 Mr. P)igclow also reported having seen the Jones & 
 Laughlin Steel Company, which later contributed 
 82,500; the Pittsl)urgh & Lake Erie Railroad 
 Company, which later contributed Si,ooo: and 
 the Baltimore &: Ohio Railroad Companw which 
 later gave Si, 000. II. C. Frick also contributed 
 81,000. 
 
 During the months of May and Jimc the various 
 subcommittees of the Executive Committee were 
 appointed and clTrctcd an organization. 
 
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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The chairmen of these subcommittees were 
 appointed by flavor Guthrie as Chairman of the 
 General Committee. These subcommittee chair- 
 men then proposed the names of the members of 
 their respective subcommittees and they were 
 approved by General Chairman Guthrie. The 
 names of the various chairmen and other members 
 of the subcommittees are given elsewhere. That 
 the selections were wise is proven by the fact that 
 every one of the subcommittees accomplished the 
 work assigned in a most satisfactory manner. 
 
 Headquarters for the committee were opened 
 during the last week in June in the old rooms of 
 the Chamber of Commerce, third floor of the 
 Oliver Building, corner of Wood Street and Oliver 
 Avenue. The use of the rooms was given rent free 
 by the Chamber of Commerce which, although 
 removed to other quarters in the Keenan Building, 
 still held the unexpired lease on its former one. 
 On August 1 3th, the headquarters of the committee 
 were removed to the magnificent new Keenan 
 Building, corner of Liberty Avenue and Seventh 
 Street. Here the committee was domiciled in the 
 great new room which occupies the whole fourth 
 floor. 
 
 The use of this room for over five months was 
 generously given to the committee without cost 
 by the proprietor of the building. Col. T. J. Keenan, 
 who thus in fact became one of the largest in- 
 dividual contributors to the committee. Col. 
 Keenan also, as Chairman of the Subcommittee on 
 Labor Interests on the Greater Pittsburgh Day 
 Committee, rendered valuable services, in the per- 
 formance of which he was greatly assisted by the 
 Vice-Chairman of the Committee, John E. Haines. 
 The Chamber of Commerce also generously per- 
 mitted the use of its rooms, free of charge, for 
 the meetings of the executive and subcommittees. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE DAY CELE- 
 BRATION 
 
 The Independence Day subcommittee, although 
 it had but a brief period for preparation, did its 
 work so well that the people of Pittsburgh were 
 
 (19) 
 
 given a most notable celebration of the Nation's 
 birthday on July 4, 1908. 
 The general program was as follows: 
 
 MORNING 
 
 SCHENLEV P.ARK: 
 
 Band concerts. 
 
 Music Pavilion, Second Brigade Band, 10 a. m. to 12 
 
 A. M. 
 
 Panther Hollow, Boys' Brigade Band, 10 a. m. to 12 a. m. 
 Snyder's Grove, Pittsburgh Miiitarj- Band 10 a. m. to 
 12 A. M. 
 
 Washington Park : 
 
 Rocereto's Band, 10 .a. m. to 12 m. Patriotic E.xercises, 
 sports and games, 10 a. m. 
 
 McKixLEY Park: 
 
 3Sth Ward. Hill Top, Patriotic exercises, 10 A. m. 
 
 .\rsenal Park : 
 
 Orthite's Military Band, 10 a. m. to 12 m. 
 
 Patriotic e.xercises 10 a. m., including the reading of the 
 Declaration of Independence ; addresses by Mayor George 
 W. Guthrie and others; raising of flag donated by The 
 Lawrenceville Board of Trade, and presentation of cannon. 
 
 HoLLiDAY Park : 
 
 Duquesne Heights. Patriotic E.xercises, g to 12 m. 
 Band concert, Nirella's Band, 9 to 12 A. M. 
 
 .A.FTERNOON 
 
 Schexley Park: 
 
 Band concerts. 
 
 Music Pavilion, Second Brigade Band, 2 to 5 p. m. 
 Schenley Oval, Boys' Brigade Band, 2 to 5 p. ii. Snyder's 
 Grove, Pittsburgh Military Band 2 to 5 p. m. Spectacular 
 Slide for Life, Panther Hollow Bridge. Balloon Ascension, 
 Parachute Jump, Vaudeville. Race Track: 2 p. ii.. Horse 
 races under the auspices of the Schenley Matinde Club, 
 George W. Baum, president. 
 
 Snyder's Grove. 
 
 2 p. ii. Fancy Drill by thirty-four girls from'^the Sixth 
 Ward Public School (North Side) under the direction of 
 Prof. W. W. Shooks. 
 
 2 i^o p. M. Flag Drill ; Barn Dance ; Exhibition by 
 Kindergarten Children of Soldier Boy and Circle game; 
 Baby Polka; Wand Drill and March ; Gypsy Dance; Sing- 
 ing Game (Little Playmates); \'irginia Reel; Boys' Kite 
 Flying Contest, by Children from Lawrence Park Play- 
 ground and Gymnasium. 
 
 Program arranged by the Pittsburgh Playground Associa- 
 tion in conjunction with the General Committee. 
 
 East Park (North Side, Elk's Fountain): 
 
N 
 
 BURD S. PATTERSON 
 
 Secretary of the General and Executive Sesqui-Centennial 
 
 Committee 
 
 S. C. LONG 
 Chairman of Railroad and Transponation Sesqui-Centennial 
 Committee 
 
 MAJOR \V. H. DAVIS 
 Chairman of Military and Parade Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 T. J. HAWKINS 
 Chairman of Decoration Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (20) 
 
PITTSBURGHS SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 
 
 American Military Band, 2 to 5 p. m. Daylight fire- 
 works and vaudeville, 2 p. m. 
 
 West Park (N'orth Side, Band Stand) : 
 
 Grand Army Band, 2 to 5 p. m. X'audevillc, Punch and 
 Judy, balloon ascensions, 2 p. 11. 
 
 Bigham's Field (Duquesne Heights): 
 
 Nirclla's Band, i to 5 p. m. Sports and games, i to 5 p. m. 
 
 Ormsby Park (South Side) : 
 
 Rocereto's Band, 2 to 5 p. m. Exercises and games. 
 
 Arsenal Park : 
 
 Orthite's Military Band, 2 to 5 P. M. 
 
 McKiNLEY Park : 
 
 Pennsylvania State Military Band, 2 to 5 p. ^^. 
 
 i;\' i:\lXG 
 
 ScHENLEY Park: 
 
 Band Concert, Bunker Hill, Second Brigade Band, 7 to 
 10 P. M. Grand disjjlay of fire\v(irks. Bunker Hill, .\mong 
 the many devices was one re|) resenting (Greater Pittsburgh 
 and another repre.senting the review of our battleship fleet 
 in the Pacific. 
 
 West Park (North Side) : 
 
 Band Concert, Band Stand, American Military Band, 
 7 to 10 P. M. 
 
 The Mound, Grand .\rmy Band, 7 to lo i'. m. 
 
 Grand display of fireworks, Seminary Hill. 
 
 McKiNLEY Park: 
 
 Band Concert, Penn.sylvania State Militarx- Band, 7 to 
 10 P. .M. Grand display of fireworks. 
 
 .\rse.\'al Park: 
 
 Band Concert, Orthite's Military Band, 7 to 10 p. m. 
 Grand display of fireworks. 
 
 The above progfam was most successful!}- 
 earned out under the general direction of Ale.x- 
 ander B. Shepherd, Director of the Department 
 of Public Works, whose services in this work 
 were simply invaluable. Mr. Shepherd subse- 
 quently performed very important work in jjlan- 
 ning and preparing the exhibits of the various 
 city departments in the (Greater Pittsburgh Day 
 pararle. 
 
 The entire cost to the Ses(|ui-Centennial Com- 
 mittee of the Inflependencc Day Celebration was 
 89,035.25, all of which was i)aid witliin a fort- 
 night after the celebration had taken place. 
 
 An interesting event of the flay was the dedi- 
 cation in the morning, of the fountain designed 
 1)V St. Caudeii-- and iTccIed bv the contriljUtions 
 
 of many citizens of Pittsburgh in meinory of 
 Christopher Lyman Magee in Schenley Park, 
 at the entrance of the Carnegie Library. 
 
 RAISING THE FUND 
 
 While the summer vacation anrl the depressed 
 condition of business militated very greatly against 
 the work of preparing for the Sesqui-Centennial 
 Celebration, nevertheless, during the months of 
 July and August inuch was accomplished. At the 
 beginning of September, all the committees having 
 duties connected with the several parts of the 
 celebration were fully organized and hard at work. 
 
 The Finance Committee had a most arduous 
 task and one which many tliought impossible 
 of accomplishment — this was to raise 850,000. 
 
 So well was the work of tire committee per- 
 formed, however, tiiat tiie money needed was 
 all subscribed and nearly all paid in before Sep- 
 tember 27th, the day set for the begining of the 
 second [jart of the celebration. Up to Septem- 
 ber 2oth, about §27,000 had been secured by the 
 Finance Committee. .Seiitembcr 23d was set aside 
 as Sesqui-Centennial Contribution Day. Appeals 
 for funds were made by Mayor Guthrie, 
 Cliairman of the General Committee, Colonel 
 James ^L GulTey, Chairman, and E. M. Bigelow, 
 \'ice-Chairman of the Finance Committee, and 
 William II. Stevenson, Chairman of the E.vecu- 
 live Committee. The city was divided into dis- 
 tricts and business men appointed to canvass 
 them for funds, all the work being done voluntarily 
 and without charge. .\s a result the balance 
 needed was raised from subscriptions and the 
 sale of tickets to the grand stand, the proceeds 
 of which were over $3,000. R. B. Ward, Chair- 
 man of the Merchants Subcommittee of the Fi- 
 nance Committee, 1). McK. Lloyd, Chairman, 
 and l\. J. Stoney, Jr., Secretary of the Bankers 
 Sviiu-ommittee and 1-". R. Babcock, Chairman of 
 tlu' Lumbermen's Subcommittee, did valuable 
 work in raising funds, as did C. .\. Hlanchard, 
 Chairman of the Subcommittee on Hotels and 
 KestaiHMnts. and Chark'S ( ). Smith of the Grand 
 
 (21 
 

 II. W. NEELEY 
 Chairman Mcrchanls' Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 COLONEL H. P. BOPE 
 Chairman of Boys' Brigade Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 E. E. BOXXEVILLE 
 Chairman of Hotel Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (22) 
 
 F. J. FITZPATRICK 
 Chairman Exposition Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
I^lT'rSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Stand Seat Selling 'Committee, II. W. Xceley, 
 Marcus Rauh, George B. Edwards, and others. 
 There were more than 700 subscribers to the 
 general fund, the aggregate contributions being 
 about S4q.ooo. 
 
 The Invitation Committee, headed by W. K. 
 Shiras, and of which H. C. Tinker was secre- 
 tary, was charged with the duty of not only >i)i'- 
 cially inviting distinguished guests from outside 
 of Pittsburgh to attend the celebration, but also 
 of e.xtending a general invitation to all former 
 Pittsburghers resident elsewhere to revisit their 
 old home citv during the festival week. This 
 duty was thoroughly and satisfactorily performed. 
 Invitations were sent to a large number of former 
 Pittsburghers, many of whom \-isited the city 
 during the celebration. Special invitations also 
 were sent to representatives of the families of 
 William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham; of Gen- 
 eral John Forbes; of General George Washington; 
 of William Penn and of Mrs. Mary Schenley. 
 Othir imitations were sent to Hon. Theodore 
 Roosevelt, President of the United States; 
 Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice-President; 
 Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of Penn- 
 sylvania; Hon. Robt. S. Murphy, Lieutenant- 
 Governor; Hon. Samuel W. I'ennypacker, for- 
 mer Governor; Hon. William H. Taft; Hon. 
 William J. Bryan; Lieutenant-General S. B. 
 M. \i)ung; j_Earl Grey, the Governor-General 
 of Canada; Sir Wilfred Eaurier, Premier of 
 Canada; Hon. J'I'it-'s Bryce. the English Am- 
 bassador; M. Jusseraud, the French Ambas- 
 sador; General Horace Porter, the Governors of 
 New York, Ohio, Maryland, .Ww Jrrsty, Dela- 
 ware, West Virginia, \'irginia, and Xorth Carolina: 
 the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States and of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; 
 Unitefl States Senators and Representatives in 
 Congress; .\djutant-General Thomas J. Stewart 
 of Pennsylvania and members of the Governor's 
 Staff; officers and members of the Pennsylva- 
 nia Legislature which enacted the Greater Pitts 
 burgh Law, and others. 
 
 (2 
 
 The Decoration Committee, headed by Thomas 
 J. Hawkins, who worked with indefatigable 
 energy and enthusiasm, harl a difiicult task. The 
 sum provided for decorations by Councils was 
 only Sicooo, and this was not made available 
 until about three weeks previous to the celebra- 
 tion. Nevertheless, the members of the committee 
 worked so efficiently that they produced a Court 
 of Honor which elicited the highest admiration 
 of all who beheld it. This was formed bv a mag- 
 nificent arch at Grant Street and Fifth Avenue, 
 and a large number of ornamental pOlars extend- 
 ing to Liberty Avenue, on which was another 
 fine arch. The arches and pillars were decorated 
 with historic pictures and figures and festooned 
 with many thousands of electric lights. The 
 Court of Honor was llironged everv night dur- 
 ing the celebration and it was illuminated also 
 for tlirce nights during the subsecjuent week. The 
 Decoration Committee also had the chief pub- 
 lic buildings handsomely decorated. The bus- 
 iness establishments generally and manv pri\ate 
 residences were also beautifully decorated. 
 
 A committee, with William Le\-erett Jones as 
 chairman, did good work in marking by signs 
 and placards places of historic interest in the city 
 during the week September 2 7th-October 3d. 
 Xumerous merchants, in their window displavs. 
 recalled the early history of the sites on which 
 their establishments now stand. In this matter, 
 and that of interesting the merchants generallv in 
 the celebration, the Merchants' Auxiliary Com- 
 mittee, of which H. W. Xecley was the highlv 
 efficient chairman, did excellent work. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce had a trade ex- 
 cursion of its members into West \"irginia in 
 September. The party had a special train and 
 wherever it went it distributed literature adver- 
 tising the Sesqui-Centennial celebration and invit- 
 ing the people to visit Pittsburgh during the 
 week September 27th-October 3d. In that week, 
 the Chamber of Commerce also had an in- 
 bound merchants" excursion and many outside 
 business men took advantage of the special fa- 
 
 3) 
 
MRS. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE 
 Chairman of Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Commiuee 
 
 MRS. J.\MES W. BROWN 
 Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 
 MISS MARY L. J.\CKSOX 
 Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (24) 
 
 MRS. J.\.MliS I. KAY 
 Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 cilities offered and visited Pittsburgh to make 
 their purchases. 
 
 GUESTS OF THE CITY 
 
 During the week Suj^tember 2 7th-October 3d 
 the Sesqui-Centennial Committee had as its guests, 
 Miss Hester Louise Pitt Taylor and her niece, 
 Miss ^ladeline Hester Pitt Taylor, direct descend- 
 ants of William Pitt, the Earl of Chatham, through 
 his daughter Hester, who was the wife of Charles 
 \'iscount Mahon, Earl Stanhope. The pres- 
 ence of these ladies was secured through ^Ir. C. 
 E. E. Childers of the Invitation Committe, who 
 arranged the matter while in England on a visit 
 in June, 1908. Captain Walter William Pitt Tay- 
 lor, of the rifle brigade, a brother of Miss Made- 
 line, also expected to attend the Sesqui-Centennial 
 Celebration on Xovember 25th, but was prevented 
 from being present by being ordered to Egypt 
 early in October. His father, Charles Pitt Ta}]or, 
 who had also been invited, was unable to come, 
 as were two others who had been asked, to wit: 
 Earl Stanhope, a descendant of Lucy Pitt, aunt 
 of Lord Chatham; and Mr. A. Pitt Rivers, head 
 of the elder branch of the Pitt family. Lord Chat- 
 ham having sprung from a junior l^ranch. 
 
 Accompanying the Misses Pitt Taylor was the 
 Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, whose grandfather, the 
 first Baron Monkswell, while a member of the 
 British Cabinet had evinced great friendliness 
 towards the United States in the matter of the 
 settlement of the Alabama Claims. 
 
 The Sesfjui-Centennial Committee also had as 
 its guests during the week Se])tembcr 27th-Oc- 
 tober 3d Arther Forbes and his wife, of Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland. Mr. Forbes is the descendant 
 of Arthur Forbes, elder brother of General John 
 F'orbes. The latter left no descendants. His 
 brother Arthur was the owner of Pitlencrieff 
 House, Dumfermline, Scodand, now owned by 
 the Carnegie Tru.st of this place. Tlie jjresence 
 
 of Mr. Forbes and his wife at the celebration was 
 secured through the efforts of Dr. John Ross, 
 head of the Carnegie Trust at Dumfermline. 
 
 On their way to Pittsburgh Mr. and Mrs. 
 Forbes stopped at Philadelphia and deposited 
 a ^^Teath of Scotch heather from Dumfermline, 
 the birth-place of General John Forbes, on the 
 latter's grave in the yard of Christ Church. 
 
 Another guest of the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
 mittee during the week September 2 7th-October 
 3d was Miss Martha \\'ashington of Philadelphia, 
 a descendant of George Washington's oldest 
 full brother, Samuel Washington. AnotluT was 
 Lieutenant General S. B. M. Young, a former 
 Pittsburgher. Charles W. Fairbanks, Mce-Pres- 
 ident of the United States, and Mrs. Fairbanks 
 were guests of tlie committee on October i, 
 and 2, as were Governor Edwin S. Stuart of 
 Pennsylvania. Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. 
 Murphy and wife, and General Horace Porter. 
 Other guests were; Ex-Governor Samuel W. 
 Pennypacker, Adjutant-General Thomas J. Stew- 
 art, Judges S. L. Mestrezat and W. P. Potter, 
 of the State Supreme Court, A. B. Miller, Secre- 
 tary to Governor Stuart, and several members 
 of the (i(:)\'ernor's staff. 
 
 During their stay here the guests of the com- 
 mittee were domiciled at the Hotel Schenley. 
 
 -All the guests, without any exceptions, ex- 
 pressed the greatest pleasure because of their 
 treatment by the Reception Committee and the 
 people of Pittsburgh generally. 
 
 Regrets were received from Colonel Dugald 
 Stuart and the Earl of Ranfurly, descendants of 
 William IVnn, and from Lady Ellenborough, 
 daughter of Mrs. Mary Schenley, and Lord Ellen- 
 borough. .\lso from President Roosevelt, the 
 Governor-General and Premier of Canada, the 
 English and French .Ambassadors, Governor 
 Charles E. Hughes, of Xew York, Hon. William 
 H. Taft. Hon. William J. Brvan. and others. 
 
 (25) 
 
A 
 
 MRS. WILLIAM H. STEVENSON, 
 Women's Reception Scsqui-Centennial Commillce 
 
 MRS. H. D. W. ENGLISH, 
 Women's Reception Scsqui Centennial Committee 
 
 MRS. WM. J. HOLLAND. 
 Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (26) 
 
 MRS. JOHN G. HOLMES, 
 Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
V 
 
 MlaS. JULIA HARDING 
 Chairman of Women's Au.\iliar>' Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 MRS. A. J. KKLLV, JR. 
 Women's Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 MISS AL1CI-: M. TIILRSTUX 
 Women's Auxiliar)' Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 (27) 
 
 MISS MARV A. GLKIM 
 Women's Au.xiliarj- Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
MRS. JAMES FRANCIS BURKE 
 Woman's Auxilian- Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 MRS. F. R. BABCOCK 
 
 Woman's Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 .-•^ ""^ 
 
 MRS. SA.MUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
 Woman's .\uxiliar\- Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (28) 
 
 .MRS. ()LI\ER S. HERSHMA.V 
 Woman's .-\uxiliarv Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
/ '^ <ki %.^ 
 
 sr 
 
 '%' 
 
 MRS. J. R. MELLON 
 Ladies' Auxiliary Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 MRS. J.AMES A. HENDERSON 
 Cbaimian Ladies' Marine Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 iitrCO^E!^ 
 
 MRS. ]. M. SCHOOXMAK.KR 
 Ladies' Auxiliary Sesqui-Ccnlcnnial Committee 
 
 MRS. GEORGE M. LEHNL\N 
 Ladles' Marine Reception Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (29) 
 
REV. MAITLAXD ALEXAXDER, D. D. 
 Clergymen's Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
 REV. S. B. LINHART 
 Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 RIGHT REV. REGIS CANEVIX 
 
 Bishop Diocese of Pittsburgh. Clergy- 
 men's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 REV. S. EDWARD YOUNG 
 Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 REV. D. F. McGILL 
 Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (30) 
 
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1908 
 
 Kdited by UK. S 
 
 OPENING OF CELEBRATION 
 
 Karly on Sunday morning, ScplL-mbcr 27th, 
 there was a special ringing and chiming of church 
 bells throughout the city, to note the beginning 
 of the week's celebration Later in the morning 
 there were special services in many churches and 
 Sunday Schools. The Misses Pitt Taylor and 
 Mr. Collier attended the services at Calvary 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, where Bishop 
 Cortlandt Whitehead preached a Sesqui-Centen- 
 nial sermon. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes attended the 
 Si.xth United Presbyterian Church. In the after- 
 noon there was a general union service at the 
 Xixon Theatre, in which ministers of the Pro- 
 testant, Catholic and Jewish churches partici- 
 pated. Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor of 
 the University of Pittsburgh, presided. 'Phe 
 guests of the city, tlu' Misses Pitt Taylor, Mr. 
 and Mrs. P'orbcs and Hon. Eric Collier were 
 also present. 
 
 Ki:\'. .\. J. TL RKLK, D. D., 
 Secrclary Commitlcc of Clergymen's Sesqui-Ccnicnnial Commiliec 
 
 . B. Mccormick 
 
 SUNDAY OBSERVANCE OF 
 CELEBRATION 
 
 The following order of ser\ice was used in the 
 houses of worship in Pittsburgh, and in the Xi.xon 
 rheatre, on Sunday, September 27, 1908, and was 
 arranged by the Committee of Clergy appointed 
 Ijy his Honor the jNIayor of Pittsburgh. Dr. S. 
 B. McCormick was chairman. 
 
 ORDER OF SERVICE 
 
 r. Organ Voluntary. 
 2. .\nthem, or Psalm c. 
 
 All people that on earth do dwell, 
 Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice ; 
 
 Him gladly serve, His praise forth tell, 
 Come ye before Him and rejoice. 
 
 Oh enter llu-n His gates witii praise, 
 Approacii with joy His courts unlo; 
 
 Praise, laud and l)less His name always 
 For it is seemly so to do. 
 
 Know ye, the Lord is God indeed; 
 
 Without our aid He did us make ; 
 We are His (lock, He doth us feed; 
 
 .\nd for His sheep He doth us take. 
 
 Because the Lord our God is good, 
 
 His mercy is forever sure; 
 His truth at all limes firmly stood. 
 
 And siiail from age to age endure. 
 
 ,V Invocation. 
 
 4. Responsive reading. Rev. Carl August, Vose, D. D. 
 The call to America: Gen. xii, i, 2. 
 
 Xow the Lord said unto Ahram, Get thee out of thy 
 country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's 
 hou.se, unto a land that I will show thee. 
 
 .\nd I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless 
 thee, and make thy name great: and thou shalt be a 
 blessing. 
 
 5. Addresses by Rev. A. .\. Lambing, D. D., Rev. 
 Daniel Dorchester. 1). D., and Rev. Joseph Leonard 
 Lew, D. I). 
 
 (31) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 ki;\-. CARL AUGUST VOSE, D. D. 
 6. Anthem or Hymn, Psulm cxlviii. 
 
 Praise the Lord from Heaven; 
 
 High His glory raise — 
 Bk'ss Him, all His angels. 
 
 All His armies praise. 
 Worship and adore Him, 
 
 All His hosts of light; 
 Gleaming sun and pale moon, 
 
 Radiant stars of night. 
 
 CHORUS 
 
 Let them praise Jehovah, 
 For His name is high, 
 
 And His frame is glorious 
 Over earth and sky. 
 
 O ye heav'ns of heavens, 
 
 Praise Jehovah's name; 
 Clouds of waters drifting 
 
 Through the starry frame. 
 Praise the Lord .Mmighty, 
 
 Whose divine decree 
 Fixed you in your places 
 
 To eternity. 
 
 ClIORfS 
 
 From tlie earth O praise Him. 
 
 Floods and dragons all ; 
 Fire and hail and vapors. 
 
 Winds that hear His call. 
 Fruitful trees and cedars. 
 
 Hills and mountains high, 
 Cree])ing things and cattle, 
 
 Birds al)ove that lly. 
 
 CHORUS 
 
 7. Prayer and Benediction. Rev. William .\lonzo 
 Stanton, D. D. 
 
 CATHOLICISM 
 
 Address delivered in the Nixon Theatre Sunday after- 
 noon, Sept. 27, 1908, by Rev. A. A. Lambing, LL. D. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 The natural advantages of the location of our 
 city, its civil history and material progress are 
 so apt to engage the attention of the student of 
 our past history and force themselves on the 
 notice of the observer of our present prosperity 
 as to make him imagine that we think of little else 
 besides coal, smoke, steel and glass. These 
 indeed receive suflicient attention, perhaps too 
 much, comparatively speaking, but inasmuch as 
 they will be treated of by other speakers during 
 the course of this celebration I shall not refer to 
 them. Leaving their discussion to those who are 
 more familiar with them than I am, let me ven- 
 ture a few remarks on the religious history of the 
 Greater Pittsburgh. 
 
 The heralds of the Gospel floated down the 
 Allegheny in the canoe of the earliest French 
 explorers or followed the bridle path of the first 
 adventurers across the "Allegheny Hills" with 
 as ardent a longing and a more earnest zeal to win 
 souls for their Divine Master than the Indian 
 
 Ri:V. A. A. LAMBIXG, LL. D. 
 
 (32) 
 
PIT'J^SBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 trader had to accumulati.' wealth. Kdigion came 
 han<l in hand with exploration, settlement and 
 civilization: and while it could not always stay 
 the arm of violence it offered its peaceful and con- 
 solin<^ ministrations to both friend and foe. The 
 Jesuit Father Joseph Peter Bonnecamps accom- 
 panied Captain Louis Celoron's expedition down 
 the rivers in the summer of 1749, celebrated mass 
 just below the mouth of Red Bank Creek, an;ain 
 near .Springdale, and al Logstown, eighteen 
 miles below the forks of the Ohio. The Recol- 
 lect I\e\-. Denys Baron came flown the Alle- 
 gheny with Contrecoeur's llotilla in April, 1754, 
 and remained as chaplain of Fort Duquesnc, offi- 
 ciating in the chapel of Our Lady of the Assump- 
 tion at the Beautiful River, till the French with- 
 drew in November, 1758. And when the English 
 army under General John Forbes took possession 
 of the smouldering ruins of the French strong- 
 hold, Xovember 2^. 1758, they were accompanied 
 by the Rew Charles Beattv, wlio oflicialed tlie 
 next day, and preached a sermon in which he 
 called upon his hearers to return thanks to the 
 God of armies for their bloodless victory. And 
 Irom that day to this, on which we celebrate the 
 sesqui-centennial of tliat important event, relig- 
 ion has been in the forefront with its purifying, 
 elevating and ennobling inlluenccs, as our many 
 spacious, elegant and costly churches, and our 
 well e(|uipped eflucational and charitable insti- 
 tutions bear ample witness. How many zealous, 
 learned and untiring ministers of the various 
 religious (K-nominations labored in our midst 
 until the time came for them to hi\' down the 
 burden of life, or until tlie\- were called to other 
 and more fruitful lields. 
 
 Inasmuch as the church of which 1 haw the 
 pri\ilege of ])eing a priest was the first on the 
 ground and has now attaint'd proportions that 
 may surprise many among you, it may not be 
 out of place for me to speak of it as alTording at 
 least one instance and one evidence of the growth 
 of religion in the Greater Pittsburgh. 1 have given 
 very close attention to our ( i\il and ii'ligious his- 
 
 ( 
 
 tor_\- for more than thirty-five years, and I llatter 
 myself that I am familiar with it. Permit me, 
 then, to present the following statistics of the 
 Catholic religion in the Greater Pittsburgh. Other 
 speakers, I have no doubt, will be able to present 
 figures that will show a steady and substantial 
 increase both in the material prosperity and the 
 numerical growth of their respective denomina- 
 tions. Let me remark, however, that we count 
 all persons of whatever age who are baptized as 
 members of the church; I'or we believe that 
 chiUlren of the tenderest age have souls to be 
 saved as well as those who have attained maturer 
 years. There are now laboring in our city one 
 Bishop and 211 priests. There are one Cathe- 
 dral, 67 churches, many of which are spacious 
 and elegant, and ig large chapels, in religious, 
 educational and charitable institutions. And in 
 our parochial schools are educated 23,022 children, 
 for which we do not receive one cent from the city 
 or State; at the same time, while we pay our quota 
 of taxes for the maintenance of the public scliools. 
 The Catholic population of the greater city, as 
 nearly as it can be estimated, for a part of it is 
 necessarily fluctuating, especially at this time, is 
 about 154,000, worshiping in churches of nine 
 different languages. I might give many more 
 details of our Church history from the days of 
 Bonnecamps and Baron to the present time, as 
 well as of our numerous and well equipped and 
 conducted religious, charitable and reformatory 
 institutions, but I am unwilling to trespass further 
 on your patience or encroach on the time of tho.se 
 who are to come after me. 1 will, therefore, con- 
 clude l)v thanking )ou for vour kind attention 
 to mv brief remarks. 
 
 THE SOUL OF THE CITY 
 
 .•\ddre.ss hy Rev. Daniel Dorchester, p.istor of Christ 
 Methodist Church. 
 
 .\ few years ago there was a book ])ublished in 
 this city with the title "Tin' Inside History of 
 Carnegie Steel Company." it is an interesting 
 account of merging dilTerent interests, the devel- 
 
(34) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 S E S (^ U I - C E N T E N N I A L 
 
 \<\:\\ IJAMLL UUKCHKSTKR 
 
 opmcnt, industrial processes and comljinations, 
 until one company took, to water and emerged as 
 the United States Steel Corporation, with a capi- 
 tal of a billion dollars. 
 
 But this Sesqui-Centennial celebrates a far more 
 wonderful "Inside History." For every great 
 city, like an individual, has a soul as well as a 
 body. Running through all her mati-rial actixities, 
 her arts and sciences, her schools and churches, 
 is the spirit that animates her citizens and deter- 
 mines her development and destiny. This spirit 
 persists through all the vicissitudes of time and 
 fortune, links the past to the present and makes 
 the future. 
 
 The soul of a city has the same qualities, motives 
 and purposes that an individual lias: it has the 
 same struggle between intelligence and ignorance, 
 industry and idleness, \irluc and xicr. i'lu- lilv 
 has a will and the alTirmalion of that will becomes 
 law for the community; it has a vocation, the 
 maintenance oi moral order despite the malign 
 forces that ever seek to corrupt and disintegrate 
 humanity. 
 
 Every city ought to have its own personality: 
 it ought to stand for something distinct, individual, 
 characteristic, — for some spiritual achievements 
 as well as for industrial triumphs. Every city 
 
 ought to be, as John Milton said, " One huge Chris- 
 tian personage, one mighty growth or stature of 
 an honest man, as big and compact in virtue as in 
 body: for look, what the ground and causes are of 
 single happiness to one man, the same ye shall iind 
 them to a whole state." 
 
 \\V all \n\v Pittsburgh, not Ijecause we were 
 born here, for most of us were not, not because it 
 is a good place to make money and gain a liveli- 
 hood, but because of what she has achieved, what 
 she is, and what she may become. Man and 
 nature have been happily married here, brawn 
 and science have toiled together and accomplished 
 wonders. We admire her sturdy independence, 
 her thrift and magnificent enterprise. Her story 
 is like that of many heroes whom the world glori- 
 fies, "a russet-coated epic." Xo beginning could 
 have been more humble, more discouraging than 
 Pittsburgh's. In 1784 Arthur Lee wrote: "Pitts- 
 burgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and 
 Irish, who li\e in pallr\' log houses. There are 
 in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not 
 a priest of any persuasion, nor church, nor chapel 
 so that they are likely to be damned without the 
 iH'nefil of clergy. The place, I believe, will never 
 be very considerable." 
 
 To-day Pittsburgh is the foremost industrial 
 city of the world, and is rapidly attaining real civic 
 grandeur. She is hospitable to all sorts and con- 
 ditions of men. What I^avard Tavlor said of 
 .America in his centennial ode at I'hiladelphia is 
 true of Pittsburgh: 
 
 •' I III- (lermany dwells her ijy a i^eiuler Kliiiu'. 
 IKr Ireland sees the old sunljurst .shine. 
 Her 1-rance pursues some dream divine, 
 Ilrr Itiily waits liy the western lirine." 
 
 .\n(l broad based under all is old Mother Eng- 
 land's oaken hearted mood, the country of Wil- 
 liam i'ilt, whom we gratefully honor to-day. 
 
 Pittsburgh lias a goodly measure of freedom, 
 enjoyed by each citizen, and no less readily 
 accorded to his neighbor, she has a certain degree 
 of fellowship in work and play, as well as of help- 
 fulness in times of need. She has a mighty, ever- 
 
 (35) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 expanding spirit of xij^orous democratic manhood there are tlie very fragments of humanity for 
 
 and womanhood. Despite all that carping critics which the Roman patrician felt such disdain, 
 may say the heart of her people is sound and pure. The foes of a city are the foes of the individual. 
 
 A rich soil grows some rank and poisonous weeds, Mr. ^^'illiam Watson, the poet, visited Liverpool 
 
 but these do not impugn its fertility and should not the other day and voiced his reflections in a poem, 
 
 hide from \\l-\v its blessed products. Pittsburgh The poem Ijegins with a recognition of the cit_\-'s 
 
 surpasses most cities in benevolence as truly as in greatness and cosmopolitan character. 
 
 her tonnage. Almost every great educational 
 and philanthropic cause, even in the remotest 
 corners of the earth, has been generously helped 
 by her sur])lus wealth. Hundreds of prosperous 
 churches proclaim the blessed fact that religion, 
 which glorifies the Jew, the Catholic and the 
 Protestant, as nothing else docs, has built her 
 temples here and is exercising her regenerating 
 power. 
 
 Our greatest weakness here in Pittsburgh is 
 that of all cities: we have not soul enough; we 
 have not an adequate sense of our organic unity, a 
 sufticiently lively consciousness of our corporate 
 personality and responsibility. We are only be- 
 ginning to realize the mighty power of a master- 
 ful public opinion to utilize our resources and 
 opportunities fot tlie greatest civic welfare. The 
 higher life of the city is the expression of all her 
 activities, commercial, educational, artistic, so- 
 
 "Citv of merchants, lords of trade and gold 
 Traffiickers great as they that bought and sold 
 When ships of Tarshish came to Tyre of old." 
 
 But the poet's eye rested not on its material 
 splendor, but on its manifest miscrv. 
 
 " City of festering streets by Misery trod 
 Where half-fed, half-clad children swarm unshod. 
 While thou dost rear thy splendid fame to God." 
 
 O, rich in fruits and grains and oils and ores 
 And all things that the feastful earth outpours. 
 Yet lacking leechcraft for thy leprous sores! 
 
 Heal thee betimes, and cleanse thee, lest in ire 
 
 He whom thou mock'st with pomp of arch and .spire 
 
 Come on thee sleeping, mth a scythe of fire. 
 
 This picture is as true of Pittsburgh as it is of 
 Liverpool. Our city is one of abounding wealth, 
 elegant homes, magnificent churches and also a 
 
 "City of festering streets by Misery trod 
 Where half-fed, half-clad children swarm unshod." 
 
 cial and religious, co-ordinated into one organic 
 
 whole. The larger life of e\'ery citizen is bound And these, the wealth, the religion and the misery, 
 
 up for weal or woe with the life of the city, just are parts of one organic whole, 
 as the hand or foot is with the human body. We arc all members one of another. When one 
 
 There are many men who are \'ery successful in member suiters, all the members sufter with it. 
 
 the scramble for individual gain who have no It matters not how high the head of the social 
 
 cixic life. They are residents, not citizens; they organism towers, or how prosperous her indus- 
 
 deser\e the reprobation expressed by Shake- tries and sumptuous her social life, she cannot 
 
 speare in his play when Caius Marcius turns to the be strong and healthy; she cannot advance so 
 
 crowd in Rome and denounces them as the de- long as her feet are sinking deeper and deeper into 
 
 tached and disorganized rabble in whom there is the mire. It is a most humiliating contrast that 
 
 nothing of the organic unity of tlie ijeojjle, using society presents to-day ; the so-called upper classes 
 
 these scornful words, "Go, get you home, you organized for efficiency, given every adwantage 
 
 fragments!" A rabble always acts apart from to win the prizes of life while below them in the 
 
 the organization of the whole. It may be a poor social scale are what has been termed "the three 
 
 or a wealthy rabble, moxed l)y des]>eralion or by ragged regiments, the badly employed, the unem- 
 
 greed, but wherever there are men seeking their ployed and the unemployable," who arc without 
 
 own interests rather than the welfare of the city, any organization or training, left to grope their 
 
 (36) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 
 
 dim and perilous way under tlu- lonvoy of alien 
 and merciless forces. 
 
 Every city utterly fails of lier mission tliat docs 
 not provide that prime essential of a democracy. — 
 equality of opportunity for all the people to li\e 
 self-respecting lives and fit themselves to meet the 
 exacting demands of advancing civilization. 
 This is a stupendous work; it will ta.x the wisdom, 
 the sympathy and the resources of the commu- 
 nity to the utmost. It means among the many 
 things that I cannot even name, better housing 
 in the slums — such transformations as have 
 been made in Xew York and so many of the 
 European cities; it means the mothering of the 
 weak and tlie unfortunate, making tliem hopeful 
 and aspiring: it means the mutiplication of 
 manual training and trade schools, the largest 
 possible equipment and extension of our public 
 school system, and crowning all, a university 
 such as Cincinnati and Xew York have, main- 
 tained by public funds. 
 
 It is incumbent upon the city to saw the lowest 
 from sinking into ignorance, pauperism and crime, 
 and also to furnish tlie means whereby lier most 
 gifted sons and daughters may climb to the high- 
 est efficiency and attain that culture which en- 
 riches humanity as nothing else does, save religion. 
 
 Prof. Lawton, speaking in Brooklyn of the 
 value of higher education to the city, calls atten- 
 tion to the fact that "most of the best recruits 
 for the learned professions, a small but priceless 
 percentage of men of exceptional talent must be 
 drawn for each generation from tlie vigorous 
 class of moderate means and limited home culture. 
 We sift the broken sands of Arctic rivers for grains 
 of yellow metal. .Shall we let run to waste the 
 infinitely more precious radium of genius, or even 
 the gold of rare talents and special aptitudes?" 
 
 "They can go elsewhere," you say, to complete 
 their education. Some cannot. Others can and 
 will, and in that ca.se often will remain away. 
 Is the incoming flood of immigrants so enlightencfl. 
 so lofty in its purpose, that we can alTord as a 
 permanent civic policy to drain away the most 
 
 ambitious and i)rominent youths each and every 
 year, — • to confess that Pittsburgh has no higher 
 culture to give them? 
 
 .\bout 1S20 to 1830 in tlie village streets of 
 Cambridge played children called Ollie Holmes, 
 Jimmie Lowell, Tom Higginson. Charlie X'orton. 
 Wlio can estimate what Harvard University did 
 to give form and pressure to tho.se young aspiring 
 lives and the significant contributions that those 
 youths, when grown to manhood, made to Amer- 
 ican life and letters. 
 
 There is al)undant evidence that a university is 
 of great commercial value to the community. I 
 will content myself \y\ih a single example. Among 
 the distinguished professors in Harvard University 
 during the last century was Louis Agassiz who, 
 when olTered S500 a night to lecture, refused, say- 
 ing that he was too busy to make money. But he 
 was not too busy to spread the knowledge of 
 natural science in this country perhaps more 
 widely than any other man. Among his pupils 
 was his only son, Alexander, who several years 
 later was called to examine the Calumet and 
 Ilecla copper mine when it was about to be aban- 
 doned. .\gassiz, by his superior knowledge of 
 geology and chemistry, discerned its enormous 
 wealth. By following his advice that mine became 
 marvellously productive. It has paid one hun- 
 dred million dollars in dividends and is likely to 
 pav as much more. 
 
 Knowledge is wealth as truly as power. In 
 every development of commercial and professional 
 acti\ity there is a crying demand not so much for 
 narrow technical efiiciency as for men of broad 
 knowledge, who have been trained to discern the 
 deep underlying principles that govern human 
 alTairs. Our economics is provincial and jx.'tty. 
 .\ dangerously large proportion of our commercial 
 civic and national affairs has been Ixidly managed. 
 Nature has provided an abundance sufficient to 
 give every man, woman and child food, clothing 
 and shelter. But we have been so short-sighted, 
 selfish and wasteful that millions are perilously 
 near destitution, and everv dav thousands of little 
 
 (37) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 fingers are compelled to let go the slippery edge 
 of existence. 
 
 A rising German statesman said the other day 
 to an American in Berlin: 
 
 "Your country has a situation in the world to 
 which our German location is insignificant; you 
 have resources to which our German resources 
 are just nothing at all. Yet we compete with you 
 in the markets of the world. We are able to do 
 this because every bit of energj' is carefully or- 
 ganized, none goes to waste. Every ounce of muscle, 
 everv volt of ner\-e and brain power is devoted to 
 specific ends along lines of least resistance. 
 
 "On the contrarv, much as \o\\ boast of vour 
 
 In conclusion, let mc refer to an old Scottish 
 custom. In the old border wars of Scotland, the 
 tidings of uprisings and the summons to arms 
 were carried by the fiery cross. One runner took 
 it and went at full speed to a certain point, telling 
 the news as he went and then gave it to another 
 who ran on in like manner. It was not for the 
 messenger to whom that summons came to sit 
 do^^•n and prepare for the defense of his own house 
 and the protection of his flocks and herds. He 
 must take the cross and run to the next stage. 
 
 The cross that this generation has to bear down 
 to the next is equality of opportunity for every 
 member of the community and the best possible 
 
 organization, you do not organize at all. What training for life and service. That which is most 
 
 precious in our civilization has come from the 
 self-sacrifice of past generations for some higher 
 good. Our sacrifices must be not merely for 
 business, party or church, but to bring all the 
 God-given powers of humanity under gracious 
 discipline and banish everything that desecrates 
 and wastes man's precious substance of character. 
 Thus the soul of Pittsburgh will divinely grow 
 
 success you have is due to the incomparable rich- 
 ness of your country and to the sheer strength of 
 your people. You waste, waste — everywhere 
 vou waste. Take a familiar illustration. ^Ve 
 make land otherwise absolutely worthless pay 
 enormously by scientific forestry; you cut your 
 forests down like vandals in order that a few men 
 mav get rich in a few vears. Thus a great deal 
 
 of what should be perpetual wealth is lost to you; and become meet for the progressive indwelling 
 vour streams are dried up and your country loses of God. 
 incalculable millions bv an almost barbarous 
 
 lack of sensible management. Your activity is 
 not the development of recourses ; it is the destruc- 
 tion of resources. \\'ith us it is the contrary. 
 Our resources are small, but they are conserved, 
 nourished, made the most of; and, though they 
 yield hundreds of percent more in proportion 
 than yours do, instead of diminishing them we 
 increase them." 
 
 Let us take to heart this severe criticism of that 
 Cierman states man and be mindful of the fact that 
 though Germany is comparatively poor she pours 
 out money like water upon her universities and 
 schools and is thus able not onlv to train her own 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 By Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, D. D., in the 
 Nixon Theatre, September 27, 1908 
 
 It is good to invoke the spirit of the past when 
 it is associated with distinguished names and deeds 
 of merit. It is a source of benediction to recall 
 the services of the brave pioneers who blazed 
 the way to civilization and to place upon their 
 tombs the wreath of gratitude wo\"en by those 
 who enjoy the privileges for which the ciders 
 strove so faithfully and with so much courage. 
 The living profit by every deed inspired by 
 considerations of moral value, and the services 
 to-day are a tribute to the ennobling spirit of the 
 
 people to the highest efliciency, but draw students present as well as to the unforgetable services of 
 
 from all over the world. She is revolutionizing the past. 
 
 economics because she has had the superior sense The name of our city is in itself a glowing 
 
 to put man in the centre of her commercial system memorial of an inspiring figure of a former age: 
 
 and enthrone human life above property. its varied and various accomplishments are a 
 
 (38) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S S E S Q L' 1 - C E N T E X N I A L 
 
 R.\BBI J. LF.OX.\RD LEVY. Jj. D. 
 Vice Chairman Clcrgr Comminee 
 
 monument to his high sense of justice and to his 
 unquenchable love of liberty. We do well to 
 recall his name and to hold it before the youth of 
 our day as a source of high idealism and lofty 
 patriotism. But Pittsburgh represents the accom- 
 pUshment not of one man. nor of one set of men. 
 It is a tribute to the industr)-. the sobriety, the 
 ability, the forethought, the faith of the hundreds 
 of thousands who have given of their brain and 
 brawn and spirit here. 
 
 But the past, inspiring as it may be. is not the 
 whole of the stor}- of Pittsburgh. It is but the 
 prelude of a great future, of the better and nobler 
 things yet to be accomplished. Advancing age 
 may point to ingenuous youth the figure of the 
 centur}' and a half old city: but it wnll also direct 
 its finger toward the days that are to be. wherein 
 our descendants may find a full fruition of the 
 efforts of to-day. In justice to the succeeding 
 generations of men who shall inhabit this great 
 hive of industr}. we must add our quota to the 
 work already done, so that Pittsburgh may go 
 from strength unto strength. 
 
 Pittsburgh has grown materially rich. Its 
 industries supply a world's needs. To the ends 
 of the earth trnn-;rxirtation companies Inar the 
 
 fruit of the community's toil. The little British 
 outpost of the middle of the eighteenth century 
 has become the world's industrial center in the 
 beginning of the twentieth century. The per 
 capita wealth of our citizens is said to be among 
 the greatest in the world. Our pride is stirred as 
 we realize the strength, and might, and power, of 
 Pitt's Fort of 1748. now the great dty of Pitts- 
 burgh of 1908. 
 
 But we must not measure the true wealth of a 
 city in terms financial and industrial. I know 
 that the tonnage of this district is the greatest in 
 the world, and that our banks have surpluses sur- 
 prisingly large. But I am wear}* of the idle boast 
 that speaks everlastingly of our material growih. 
 We hear nothing but Tonnage! Tonnage!! Ton- 
 nage !!! as if men lived by tonnage alone. Sad 
 indeed must be the lot of a city that can find little 
 but its tonnage to boast of. It is essential that 
 we must hear more of justice and righteousness 
 in Pittsburgh. Economic advantages are great, 
 but they become only of lasting worth as they 
 become converted from the raw material into the 
 finished product of social right and humane 
 promptings. We must never forget that it is not 
 tonnage and bank surpluses that will estabUsh 
 Pittsburgh's claim to public esteem; it is rather 
 the qualities of soul, and heart and mind mani- 
 fested in the daily life of Iter citizens. 
 
 Our progressive, material development has 
 brought this city into the glare of a publicity 
 which is not alwa}-s complimentary. Many are 
 they who look upon us with eyes not so pure that 
 they do us justice. Up and down the land the 
 name that Pittsburgh is said to have gained is 
 "A City of Scandals." Wherein does this city dif- 
 fer from her sister municipalities that they have 
 assumed the right to cast the first stone? But 
 a ■' tu quoque" argument is no defense. Let it be 
 granted for argument's sake that one-tenth of the 
 population of our city is not marked by those 
 graces of character which are the distinguishing 
 signs of the truly ci\nlized: the remaining ninety 
 per cent must not be blamed for the disagreeable 
 
 (39) 
 
I^ITTSBURCiH'S SES QUI- CENTENNIAL 
 
 publicity gained by an insignificant minority. 
 Pittsburgh, in point of fact, is a city of the Lord, 
 where the people are led by a pillar of cloud by 
 day and a pillar of fire by night. Li due time 
 we shall reach a Land of Promise. In the days 
 that lie before us we shall prove that we are worthy 
 of the name of the man in whose honor Pittsburgh 
 was named. In due time we shall take our place 
 among the progressive communities of the land 
 which arc adding to the well-being and advance- 
 ment of the race. 
 
 One step in that direction is taken here to-day. 
 This meeting is significant of the really great 
 Pittsburgh that is to grow on the ground where 
 the British fought the battle of civilizing pioneers 
 in the days tiiat are past and gone. Here are 
 assembled men and women of all creeds, colors, 
 countries and conditions to lift their voices to the 
 same God, induced to lay wreaths of gratitude 
 on His altar for the benefits He has showered on 
 all. Where, in all the world, is such a scene possi- 
 ble, except here in this land of liberty? (Turn- 
 ing to the bo.xes in which were assembled the 
 guests from England, the Rabbi said): Go back 
 after many days to my mother country and tell 
 your friends what you have seen here! Tell them 
 that you have witnessed an event of more than 
 passing value! Tell them that you saw Protes- 
 tant, Catholic and Jew participate in the same 
 religious service, offering thanks and praise to 
 the .same God. llu- I-"ather of all of them! Tell 
 them you witnessed what the Old \\'()rl{l has not 
 yet been able to achieve, and tell them that this 
 is significant of the new life in the \ew World, 
 where men are judged b\- their qualities as cit- 
 izens, where men are brethren in the same uni- 
 versal Father, where patriotism binds men into a 
 great family reunion. 
 
 In the joy of the occasion, let us not forget 
 that we are a part of a great nation. This is one 
 of the many cities and communities, all of which 
 go to make the land we love. If Pittsburgh is to 
 desen-e the future l^lcssings we invoke for it, she 
 must be true to the ideals of the Republic of which 
 
 we are a part, ^^'e have expressed our hai)piness 
 by unfolding to the wind, at the request of the 
 local constituted authorities, the national and civic 
 colors. What will these signify but an idle and 
 sterile demonstration if w-e limit our satisfaction 
 that we have been spared so long to a mere piece 
 of yellow and black, or red, white and blue bunt- 
 ing? Shall it be said by the visitor that our civic 
 colors of black and yellow signify the color of our 
 reputation, and bear testimony to the streak of 
 '"yellow" said to be characteristic of our public 
 and private morals? Or shall it be said by the 
 stranger that these colors bear reference to the 
 black mineral which abounds in this region and 
 from which so much yellow gold is added to the 
 local wealth ? Or shall it not rather be said that 
 our civic colors bear reference to the black bigotry, 
 the black ignorance, the black bitterness of the 
 past, and to the golden dawn of the new era which 
 Pittsburgli is about to do her share to advance? 
 
 That golden age is certain of speedy approxi- 
 mation if we give due lieed to the message that 
 comes to us from the Hags witli which we have 
 decorated our city, the national colors which meet 
 our eyes on every side. Our Republic was not 
 called into existence tiiat great fortunes might be 
 built rapidly, or that vast industries might be de- 
 veloped speedily, or that political parties might 
 exercise unspeakable corruptions. Tlie Republic 
 of the United States was not created that her 
 citizens might liave more food and wear better 
 clothes than the citizens or subjects of other lands. 
 .\merica was not formed that men might erect 
 more beautiful homes, adorned with more beau- 
 tiful draperies than elsewhere. America was 
 called into existence that she might become a 
 beacon light upon a high hill, that every nation 
 looking hilherward might gain hope from the 
 experiences of this Republic; lliat tlirough it 
 the cause of lil)LTlv would l)e fostered and every 
 child of man be lifted up. 
 
 This, I take it, is the idea expressed by the 
 beautiful emblem with which we ha\-e decorated 
 our citv for this occasion. Tlie national emblem 
 
 (40) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CEXTENNIAL 
 
 symbolizes the most uplifting ideal ever conse- 
 crated by a nation's political belief and ethical 
 hopes; for the red. the white, the blue and the 
 stars on our llag indicate the mission of the Ameri- 
 can people. The "Red" cmblemizes the ideal 
 of progress taught by Rome, who. in her attempt 
 to introduce to the work! a "Government by law," 
 wallowed in red streams of human blood; who 
 left us a lofty political doctrine, but who warned 
 us to avoid her cruel and heartless methods. 
 The "White" speaks of tlie white or peaceful 
 arts of Circcce, the land of culture, which taught 
 the w(jrld music and poetry, and painting, sculp- 
 ture, and architecture, which gave to the world 
 the high philosophical concepts which still rule 
 the world of learning; which has helped man so 
 richly by its cultural influence; which has made 
 dark places bright, and converted the blackness 
 of barbarism and ignorance into the white light 
 of aesthetic beauty and wholesome refinement. 
 The "Stars" on the flag, re])resenting the individ- 
 ual States comprising the nation, is the most im- 
 portant feature of our national emblem. Remove 
 what you will from the flag, the stars must remain; 
 for without the States the United States cannot be. 
 This picture of the component parts of the national 
 government typifies the Star of Israel, the people 
 of anticjuity whose emblem was a star, symbol of 
 the hope preached on the hills of Palestine and 
 amid the vineyards of Judea; it is exponential 
 of the star of Religion which has come to the west- 
 ern world through the inlluence of the sacred 
 Scriptures borne from Palestine. Rome's idea 
 of government by law; the arts of Greece; the 
 religion of the Scriptures, these the .\merican 
 l)eople are to take to the world. For the " blue" 
 indicates the sky that domes the earth, ami ])ostu- 
 lates .\merica's destiny to bear these ideals as far 
 as heaven's blue covers this footstool of God. 
 
 Nay more, this flag denotes the ultimate pur- 
 pose of America's existence, the introduction of 
 the universal day of liberty. For tiie day will 
 yet dawn on earth when all men will be blessed 
 by the power of .America's exami)Ie. The day 
 
 (4 
 
 will come when even the prisoner sighing in the 
 dark dungeon of Russia will lift up his voice in 
 gratitude that America has been. The day will 
 yet be when the nations at the remotest ends of 
 the earth will understand that governments gain 
 the right to govern from the consent of the gov- 
 erned; that all men are endowed with inalienable 
 rights which governments defy at their peril; 
 that the children of God were created to be free; 
 that ofl'icers of the government are ser\-ants of 
 the people, not their masters; that the will of the 
 people is the ultimate source of governmental 
 authority. The day of eternal liberty, thus under- 
 stood, will )ct dawn over all the earth, and America 
 is to speed its coming. Its advent is foretold by 
 the starry banner of this nation. The "White" 
 stripes represent the light of morning, while the 
 "Blue" indicates the sky at nocnday, without a 
 cloud: the "Red" portrays the light of the setting 
 sun, and the "Stars" symbolize the scintillating 
 glories of the heavens that gleam and glisten and 
 glitter like a necklace of gems on the duskv bosom 
 of night. Morning, noon, eventide, night, — the 
 day of universal freedom is suggested by the flag, 
 the whole day, even the day of universal freedom, 
 is suggesteil by the flag, the emblem of the 
 free .American nation. 
 
 In celebrating the one hundred and fillielh 
 birthday anniviTsary of our citv we must not 
 fail to remember that in the welfare of the nation, 
 our city will fare well; that in our power to convert 
 our opportunities for moral growth into civic 
 righteousness lies the greatest service we can 
 render our fellow-citizens. It is righteousness 
 that exalteth a nation, not ships, and soldiers, and 
 commerce, and industries. Great as these may 
 be, they are only a "jewel in the snout of a hog" 
 if they lead not to the lifr righteous. Xo bet- 
 ter resolution can be framed as a birlhdav 
 determination than that we shall, in Pittsburgh, 
 strive to do our duty to make the ideals for which 
 AnH'rica stands the primiples that animate us in 
 daily living; no more glorious tribute can be paid 
 to the spirit of the founders than that we shall 
 
 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 strive for what they strove, struggle for the liberty 
 in behalf of which they gave their lives, and live 
 by the light of the great ideals and ideas they 
 bequeathed to us. 
 
 It has been said that the battle of Waterloo 
 was not won in 1S15, but in the schools of Rugby 
 and Eton long before, when the youth of England 
 were trained and disciplined by able instructors. 
 The work of to-day must have been anticipated 
 by the preparation of many yesterdays. Listen- 
 ing to a performance by an orchestra of some 
 fifty pieces, we hear the effect of at least ten years' 
 work of each performer. In other words, the 
 orchestra selection represents five hundred years 
 of toil. The American child is the incarnation 
 of twice ten thousand years of human effort. All 
 that occupies the best thought of to-day is devoted 
 to the welfare of tlie succeeding generation. Our 
 celebration is designed, in its last analysis, to 
 impress the child. If we train our young to 
 properly fill a rightful place in the economy of 
 international life; if we guide ihcm Ijy the inspir- 
 ing themes which such a day as this suggests; if 
 we indicate to them that there liave been other 
 Republics before ours which crumbled because 
 justice and equity were not performed, but that 
 we must a\-oid the mistakes of those who thus 
 invited destruction in the past, we may feel meas- 
 urably certain that, in course of time, the ideal 
 type of manhood and womanhood will appear 
 on this continent, and the child of even the re- 
 motest generation of our poeple will have reason 
 to sav, "Thank (iod, I, too, am an .American." 
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 A Sermon by the Rt. Rev. Cortlandt White- 
 head. S. T. D., Bishop of the Diocese of 
 Pittsburgli, in Calvary Church, 
 September 27, 1908. 
 
 Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers 
 that begat us. The Lord hath wrought great 
 glory l^y them through His great power at the be- 
 ginning . . . .\11 these were honored in their 
 generations, and were the glory of thiir time. 
 
 (4 
 
 RT. RKV. CORTLAXDT WHITEHE.M), S. T. D. 
 
 There be of them that have left a name behind 
 them that their praises might be reported. . . 
 Their bodies are buried in peace, but their name 
 liveth forevermore. The pco]jle will tell of their 
 wisdom, and the congregation will show forth 
 their praise. — Ecclesiastes xliv, i 2, 7, 8, 14, 15. 
 
 Among such men — famous — honored in their 
 generations and the glory of their times — were 
 William Pitt, General John Forbes, Colonel 
 Bouquet, and others whose names we shall hear 
 very fre(|uently as we proceed this week in the 
 festive observance of our city's scsqui-centennial. 
 They have "left a name behind them that their 
 praises might be reported. The people will tell 
 of their wisdom and the consjresfation will show 
 forth their praise." 
 
 Our interest in them at this time is necessarily 
 limited by their connection with the events of one 
 hundred and fifty years ago. 
 
 The year 1757 was the beginning of a new era, 
 as we all know, in the history of England; for 
 that year saw the reins of power fall into the hands 
 of "The Great Commoner," whose biography, it 
 is usual to say, is the history of England, so thor- 
 oughly was he identified with the grand events 
 which made this period one of the most glorious 
 in the annals of his country. 'Tt is scarcely too 
 
 2) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 much to say that in the general opinion of his con- 
 temporaries, the whcile glory of these years was 
 due to his signal genius; his alone was the mind 
 that jjlanned an<l his tiie spirit that animated the 
 brilliant achievements of the l)rilish arms in all 
 the four (|uarters of the globe.""* 
 
 Posterity, however, has not failed to recognize 
 the independent genius and sterling worth of those 
 who were his sul)ordinatcs or allies in carrving out 
 liis purposes. Hi- (listi.rnim'nt selictcd Wolfe, 
 but Wolfe would have been a hero anywhere when 
 called to make sacrifices for his country. Pitt by 
 his generous praise in Parliament stimulated 
 Clive to his success in India, nevetheless the genius 
 of Clive would ha\e made itself manifest wherever 
 duty gave opjiorlunity. Pitt's subsidy to Fred- 
 erick certainly brought the Seven Years' War to 
 a speedier conclusion, but doubtless Frederick 
 even without this aid would still have been Fred- 
 erick the Great. 
 
 Xevertheless William Pitt is not unjustlv 
 described as the "Creator of .Modern England."" 
 He had a genius for organization, and when he 
 rux- to power he lold the Duke of Devonshire, 
 "1 am sure that 1 can save this country, and that 
 nobody else can." "England hailed with one 
 acclaim the undaunted leader who asked for 
 no reward but the honor of serving her. The 
 hour had found the man. For the next four 
 yi-ars this imjjosing figure towered supreme in 
 I'.rilish History." 
 
 i le had, indeed, we are told, glaring faults. Ik- 
 was vain, theatrical, domineering and haughtv. 
 .Xevertheless he had undoubted talent for action 
 and great vigor of mind; he was lired with a burn- 
 ing enthusiasm, possessed of an overwhelming 
 force of passion and intensilv of will, hurling in 
 debate fiery shafts of elofjuence; and was, more- 
 over, loo great for faction and partisanship, and 
 pre-eminently and incorruptibly patriotic. The 
 people trusted him and he loved the people. He 
 waked England from her kthargy, and made the 
 power and glory of I-Jigland one with his own. 
 
 He started out, not t(j curb P'rance in America, but 
 to aiiiiiliihile her; to crush her navy, cripple her 
 foreign trade, ruin her in India, in .\frica, and 
 wherewr else, east or west, she had found a foot- 
 hold, to gain for England the mastery of the seas, 
 to open to her the highways of the globe, and to 
 make her supreme in commerce and colonization. 
 
 Said Frederick of Prussia, "England has long 
 been in labor, and at last she has brought forth a 
 man." "Xobodv e\er entered his closet," said 
 Colonel Barre. "who did not come out of it a 
 braver man." That inspiration was felt wherever 
 the British tlag waved. England sprung to new 
 life under the kindly inlluence of this one great 
 man, universally considered as on the whole the 
 most powerful minister that ever guided the foreign 
 policy of I->ngland. 
 
 The contentions between England and h'rance 
 had been as follows: i. King William's War. 
 between i68g and 1697. 2. Queen xA.nne's War, 
 between 1700 and 1713. 3. King George's War, 
 1744 to 174S. In these the colonists in New 
 England and Xew York had been engaged. But 
 with 1755 began what is called the "Seven Years' 
 War," in which southern colonists also were to be 
 engaged, and which was to put at rest forever the 
 (juestion of who should own the .\orth .\merican 
 continent. t Disaster had attended the British 
 arms, and in 1757 the campaign had closed, 
 leaving the affairs of Great Britain in a 
 more gloomy condition than at anv former period 
 of the unfortunate and disgraceful war. The 
 Manjuis de Montcalm had captured l-'ml William 
 Henry on Eake George, and llni> the l'"rench had 
 complete control of that lake and Lake Cham]ilain 
 and the main passage to Canada. By the destruc- 
 tion of Oswego, they iiad obtained control of the 
 Great Lakes, and by the i)ossession of Fort Du 
 ([uesne they maintained their ascendency over the 
 western Indians, and held control of all the countrv 
 west of the .Mlegheny mountains. Lord Chester- 
 field is quoted as saying: "Whoever is in or who- 
 ever is out, I am sure we are undone, both at home 
 
 ♦Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. 2. p. 24. 
 
 tFishcr's "Pennsylvania, Colony and Commonwealtli," p. 146 
 
 (4.^) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 
 
 and abroad; at home by our increasing debt and 
 expense, and abroad by our ill-luclc and incapac- 
 ity. . . The French arc masters in America 
 to do wliat they please. We are no longer 
 a nation, and I ne^■er yet saw so dreadful a 
 prospect." 
 
 At this juncture William Pitt put his firm hand 
 on the helm, and set himself to tiiat task of settling. 
 as we have said, the question of sovereignty in 
 North America. In his dealings with the colon- 
 ists, he reversed the former ])olicy, and instead of 
 making demands and exactions, he announced 
 that he would send troops from the Mother 
 Country to act with the Provincials. 
 
 Immediately three expeditions were planned 
 against the enemy.* The first against Louisbourg, 
 in Cape Breton Island, where the I'rench were 
 debating boundaries with the Knglish. This 
 expedition was commanded by General Amherst, 
 and was eminently successful. 
 
 The second expedition was directed against 
 Ticonderago and Crown Point, commanded by 
 General Abercrombic himself, wlio was, however, 
 routed after a bloody contlict, the disgrace of 
 which was somewhat relieved by the destruction of 
 Fort Front ignac shortly after. 
 
 The third expedition is tliat in which we are 
 particularly interested to-day, that which had for 
 its puqKhse the capture of Fort Duquesne. The 
 conduct of this expedition was entrusted to Ckn- 
 eral Forbes. He left Philadelphia about the 
 middle of September, 1758, to join Colonel Bou- 
 i|uet, who was in command of the regulars await- 
 ing his coming since July, at Raystown, now 
 Bedford. 
 
 There were many delays in the ])reparations 
 necessary to be made, ])rincipally in obtaining 
 wagons and horses, as Colonel Bou(|uet's letters 
 show. In .\ugust or September, Colonel George 
 Washington, who liad been engaged in collecting 
 troops from \'irginia, Xorth Carolina and Mary- 
 land, proceeded to the rendezvous, followed shortlv 
 
 *Olden Time, vol. i, p. 08. 
 
 Graham's History N. America; Braddork, bv J. R. Musick, 
 pp. ;.S;. ;Si. 
 
 ijy General Forbes. Being all assembled, heated 
 dispute arose amongst these leaders with regard 
 to the route to be followed in the campaign against 
 Fort Duquesne. Colonel Washington, who had 
 traversed the country twice before (1753 and 
 1754), favored the road which had been used in 
 the ill-starred expedition of General Braddock 
 three years earlier; a road at least familiar, and 
 read}- for their wagons, but leading through Marx- 
 land aiul Mrginia at times, and rather circuitous, 
 as it seemed. Washington's reasons for his 
 opinion are given at length in a letter written at 
 Fort Cumberland, August 2. 1758. General 
 Bouquet, on the contrary, favored a new route, 
 laid entirely in Pennsylvania, and had already 
 on August 23d sent Colonel James Burd forward 
 with some troops and wagons to cut a road 
 through the forest to Loyal Hanna. After much 
 discussion. General Forbes adopted this latter 
 route, although it re(|uired the opening of more 
 than one hundretl miles of new road through the 
 wilderness between Bedford and Fort Duquesne. 
 The army was comjxised of Iwehe hundred 
 Highlanders, three hundred and fifty regulars, 
 twenty-seven hundred Pennsvlvanians, sixteen 
 hundred \'irginians, and others from Maryland 
 and Xorth Carolina, and a body of Cherokee 
 Indians; making an army of al)out six thousand 
 men. Slow and tedious was the journey, de- 
 scribed, although without much detail, in letters 
 of the time. On October 14th the main army 
 advanced from Raystown towards Loyal Hanna, 
 arriving about November ist. On November 18th 
 further advance was made, covering fifty miles 
 from Loyal Hanna in five days, stopping at New 
 Camp, twent\- two miles west of Loyal Hanna, on 
 November iSlh. and arriving on November 24th, 
 much discouraged and fatigued, at a point on Tur- 
 tle Creek, about twelve miles from Fort Duquesne, 
 with the intention, as it seems, of entering into 
 winter quarters, and awaiting supplies from the 
 north or from the east. .\t least, warned by Brad- 
 dock's fate, Forbes would not recklessly advance. 
 But news came from Indian scouts that the 
 
 (44) 
 
PITTSBL'RGHS SESQUI-CEXTENXIAL 
 
 French were evidently making preparations to 
 depart, and heavy smoke in the direction of the 
 fort, and a dull explosion, told of extensive con- 
 flagration and destruction. So, on the morning 
 of Xovember 25, 1758, General Forbes declaring 
 that he would sleep in the fort that night, the ;;rmy 
 hastily advanced from their encampment, the 
 Provincials in front followed by the Highlanders, 
 and marched with all speed to the point where the 
 junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny had 
 furnished for so long a time an unquestionable 
 vantage in the control of the Ohio.* 
 
 As the army approached the fort at about six 
 in the evening, they came to a number of stakes 
 on either side of the Indian pathway, on each of 
 which hung the liead and kilt of a Highlander, 
 killed or taken prisoner at Major Grant's defeat 
 on September 14th, a few weeks before. We 
 cannot Ix- .surprised that this aroused to fury the 
 "petticoat warriors," as they were sneeringly 
 dubbed by their antagonists; and with loud and 
 bitter cries, and with swords drawn, they rushed 
 like mad boars engaged in battle, past the Pro- 
 vincials, who led the column, eager to wreak their 
 vengeance upon the French. Imagine their dis- 
 appointment when, coming within full \iew of 
 Fort Du(|uesne, they founrl it desolate, ruined 
 and abandoned — everything burned or blown 
 up, fortifications, ovens, houses, magazines, goods 
 of every sort. The French troops had escaped 
 on rafts and boats down the Ohio River. There 
 was no blow struck; there were no lives lost in 
 mortal combat; and yet the capture of Fort 
 Duquesne was a most notable event in the his 
 tory of our country, worthy of commemoration 
 through all the future years. 
 
 To return to our story, the 26th was observed 
 as day of public thanksgiving for success, and 
 Mr. Beatty, the Chaplain, was appointed to preach 
 a thanksgiving sermon. The connection between 
 the seaside and the land beyond the mountains 
 was established forever. .A va.st territorv was se- 
 
 *Pennsylvania Ma'.t.izine, vol. iii, No. 2. p. 1.55. 
 Olden Time, vol. i. pp. 177-185. "Captain Jack ihe Scout," by 
 Charles McKnight, pp. 463-465. 
 
 cured. The civilization of liberty, commerce and 
 religion was henceforth to maintain undisputed 
 possession of the Ohio. 
 
 Thus was ended forever the attempt of the 
 French to press downward from Canada into the 
 Mississippi Valley; and the possession of the 
 great west by the .\nglo-Saxon race was forever 
 assured. 
 
 In the founding of our city here at the junction 
 of the Alleghenv and Monongahela, where the 
 great tributary llowing to the west and south 
 has its beginning, wc see much more than an 
 ordinary pro\idence. We behold with awe and 
 gratitude the evident design of God to make this a 
 center whence mighty forces of every sort shall 
 emanate, and great things be done for the com- 
 mercial, political, educational, social and religious 
 welfare of this whole nation. So ti'c believe. May 
 our opportunities and privileges make clear and 
 emphasize our (hities! 
 
 Tlic day Jolhm'nig the capture of I^'ort Duciuesne, 
 General Forbes, in ac(|uainting Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor Denny with his success, dated his letter 
 from "Fort I)u(|uesne, or now Pitt's-Borough." 
 
 'Tt is evident from lliis fact," says the histo- 
 rian, "that there were enough settlers to warrant 
 the use of the term 'borough.' .As we look back 
 over the one hundred and fifty years since that 
 memorable day in 175S, we have every reason to 
 be proud that we belong to William Pitt's Horoiit^h 
 — and each one of us may justly adopt St. Paul's 
 words when he commended him.self to those who 
 would have looked askance at him — 'I am a 
 riti/en of no mean city.' " 
 
 .\t this Sesqui-Ccntennial we stand at the point 
 where a magnificent future lies evide)il before us, 
 as it could not before those of whom we have been 
 speaking. For them to preserve and defend the 
 fort was a matter of present duty and somewhat 
 blind hope beyond. There was menace in their 
 .'iurroundings; every possil)le hindrance and diiri- 
 culty were to be contended with. 
 
 We have reached the l)orderland; and tho.se of 
 us who have attained three score vears mav well 
 
 (45) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 
 
 envy our juniors, for wc who see it with our eyes 
 shall not be permitted to pass over into that 
 promised land which our descendants shall cer- 
 tainly possess. 
 
 In material prosperity, in accumulated wealth, 
 in scientific attainment, in educational advantages, 
 in artistic achievement, in musical cultivation, in 
 architectural display, in churches and beneficent 
 institutions of every sort, this city has already won 
 high standing. But all this is as nothing to what 
 remains for her in the briglit and glorious future. 
 Her faults are many, it is true. She is far as yet 
 from being the City of God. But we who ha\c 
 known her for a (juarter of a century and more. 
 note the i)rogress and improvement, Ijoth ma- 
 terial and intellectual, marvelous beyond de- 
 scription — promise of that which is to be. It 
 remains for us to emulate the fidelity, the courage, 
 the indomitable steadfastness of those whom we 
 commemorate. Xow come to the front problems 
 to be solved of large-minded and vigorous states- 
 manship, of thoughlfuhiess for the generations 
 yet to come, matters of sanitation, enlightened 
 measures I'or the public good, civic righteousness, 
 ofiiciai lionesty, unselfish service of the commu- 
 nity, non-partisan labors for the exaltation of all 
 our people. The assurance of a great past means 
 in these days little except as pointing to an even 
 greater future. 
 
 The whole divine revelation is in that one 
 thought. The Bible starts out, the history of the 
 race begins, in the wildness and weary tillage of 
 a Garden: but it ends in the Cily of God, beauti- 
 ful and transcendent, let down from heaven, per- 
 fected by toil, resplendent with achievement, 
 irradiated by the immanent Deity, dwelling among 
 men, Emmanuel, (jod witii us. Therefore, we 
 know that His will and man's will shall not be 
 ever at strife, that men will cease to l)e selfisli. 
 over-reaching, tempting and seducing one another; 
 that the grog shop and gambling den and the 
 social evil cannot endure throughout all time: 
 that God cannot be content anywhere with such 
 meager realization of a redeemed humanity. 
 
 As we commemorate the heroes and statesmen 
 of the past, we declare that this Msion shall 
 become, and we shall strive to make it. a grand 
 and glorious Reality, not account it the ini])racti- 
 cable, the improbable, the impossible, but the 
 inevitable. Because God is in Ills heaven — 
 all's well and must be well, in His world. 
 "With faint, far buglings in the noble east 
 I hear the herald of the struggling day. 
 Calling eacli man to victor's earnestness, 
 To bring, in Inilli. the Prriiiii of vesterday." 
 
 INVOCATION' OF THE RT. Ri:V. BISHOP CORTL.WDT 
 WHITEHE.'VI), S. T. D., .\T THE OPEXIXO OI' THE 
 SESQUI-CENTENNLVL CELEBR.VTIOX, \T XIXOX 
 THEATRE, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER J, iqo8. 
 
 O God, whose name is excellent in all the earth, 
 and w^hose glory is above the heavens, and who 
 didst in olden times inspire and flirect the hearts 
 of our forefathers in laying the strong foundations 
 of peace, liberty, and safety for our city and nation , 
 we bless and adore thy glorious majesty for this 
 thy Icixingkindness towards us. And we humbly 
 pray that the devout sense of thy signal mercies 
 may renew and increase in us a spirit of love and 
 thankfulness to thee, the author of all good, and 
 a spirit of true devotion to the welfare of our city 
 and country. May we so improNc thine inestima- 
 ble blessings, that peace and happiness, truth and 
 justice, religion and piety, may be established 
 among us for all generations. 
 
 Almighty (lod, the I'ountain of all goodness, we 
 humbly be<eecli thee to I)less thy servants; the 
 President of the United States, Edward, King of 
 Great Britain, the governor of this state, the mayor 
 of this city, their counselors, and all in authority. 
 Endue them with thv Holy Spirit; enrich them 
 with thy heavenly grace; prosper them with all 
 happiness; and bring them to thine everlasting 
 kingdom. 
 
 .\nd as thou didst in former time lead our 
 fathers forth into a wealthy place, give thy grace, 
 we humljly beseech thee, to us their children, that 
 we may always approve ourselves a people mind- 
 
 (46) 
 
P I T T S B U R (; H 
 
 S E S (^ U I - C E N T E N N I A L 
 
 ful of ihv favor and glad to do thy will. Bless our 
 land with honoralik- industry, sound Irarnini;, and 
 {)urc manners. Defend our liberties, preserve our 
 unity. Save us from violence, discord, and confu- 
 sion, from pride and arrogancy, and from every 
 evil way. Fashion into one ha])])y people the 
 multitudes brought hither out of many kindreds 
 and tongues. Endue with the spirit of wisdom 
 those whom we entrust in thy name with the au- 
 thority of governance, to the end that there be 
 peace at home, and that we keep a place among 
 the nations of the earth. Tn the time of prosper- 
 ity, fill our hearts with thankfulness; and in the 
 day of trouble, suffer not our trust in thee to fail. 
 .\11 which we ask for Jesus Christ's sake. Anieii. 
 
 THE CITY AND ITS CITIZENS 
 
 In o])ening the Sesqui-Centennial Anniversary the con- 
 gregations throughout the city were asked to hold union 
 services on Sunday evening, September 27, 1908. That 
 of the Bellficld and Oakland churches was held in the 
 BellCield Presbyterian Church, with the Rev. S. B. McCor- 
 mack, D. 1)., Chancellor of the University of I^ittsburgh, 
 presiding. The Rev. Dr. John Gassier Prugh, pastor of 
 Grace Reformed Churcli, Dithridge and Bayard Streets, 
 preached the sermon. His te.xt was, "The city and they 
 that dwell ihenin." Hal)aki<uk ii, 8. He said: 
 
 It is a splendid privilege to be a citizen of a 
 great city. Great cities have been and are great 
 blessings to mankind, and we are worthily proud 
 of citizenship in a city which, from the time of its 
 founding, has played such an important part 
 in the history of our nation and in the advancing 
 civilization throughout the whole world. 
 
 Everywhere in .\merica the currents llow 
 strongly city-ward. \\'hen to the groU]j of log- 
 cabins, clustered arounfl the picturestjue IMock- 
 house at the Point, there was given the name 
 Pittsburgh, the population of Philadelphia was 
 not many more than 15,000 and N'ew York and 
 I'joston were no larger. A hundred and fifty 
 years ago in all our land there were only six 
 cities with more than five thousand inhabitants. 
 Now we have over nine hundred such cities, 
 many of them having over 500,000. anfl sevt-ral 
 
 U 
 
 Kiiv. Dk. joii.x g.\ssli:r prugh 
 
 over a million of a population. \\'e have no one 
 city which, to the whole country, is what Paris 
 is to France; and yet our cities have acquired 
 tremendous power. Philadelphia and Pittsburgh 
 largely control the political situaticjn in Pennsyl- 
 vania; and in the different States so largely 
 have our cities grown that in the Inst fjuarter 
 of this Twentieth century our twentv largest 
 cities could, if they would, absolutely dominate 
 in national affairs. 
 
 While national affairs continue properly to 
 claim a \ery large share of the thought of the 
 people, civic affairs just as strongly now rivet 
 men's attention. We know of no city that claims 
 to have solved the great problem of municipal 
 government. P)tU that problem everywhere is 
 being solved, because ever\-where the better 
 classes are awakening to a sense of their dutv in 
 establishing the best possible government for 
 our cities. And there never was a time when 
 public integrity and popular intelligence were so 
 highly valued and so far reaching in their effects 
 as now. Xever before did so manv earnest, 
 capable men take u\) the study of the difficult I 
 problems of the city, determined that the city's 
 affairs -hall be adminislere<l with skill and honesty; 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 determined, too, that the city shall be represented 
 to the world with dignity. 
 
 Pittsburgh is not a mere aggregation of in- 
 dividuals. No city is just that. Cities have a 
 characteristic, a personality, of their own. .Vnd 
 the rank of a city depends, largely, upon the dis- 
 tinctness with which it impresses upon the minds 
 of men certain things for which it stands. Jeru- 
 salem, Athens, Florence, appeal to the imagina- 
 tion and to tlie sentiment of men, because they 
 have been conspicuous in the life of humanity: 
 because they stood for something individual and 
 characteristic, some work of mind or spirit, and 
 not onlv for some spk'iidid work of artisans' hands. 
 
 A great city is one of the greatest of human 
 achievements. Men were created to live to- 
 gether. Cities represent living together in its 
 highest estate. Man was not made to li\c in 
 isolation, a loni'lv, undeveloped individual. He 
 was made to live in contact with other men. 
 And it it only by contact with other men that he 
 gets his freest, broadest development. It is 
 onlv dfveloped man who perfectlv fulfills the 
 purposes of God. 
 
 The higher life of the city is the expression 
 of all its activities, commercial, educational, 
 artistic, social and religious. And a man's 
 (|uality and rank as a citizen depend on the full- 
 ness with which he enters into the manifold 
 life of the city. There are men in Pittsburgh 
 who lead individual lives of a high character 
 who ha\f no ciN-ic life. .\n(l tliat is true of all 
 our great centers of population. But a citizen 
 is one who shares the burdens of the city, cherishes 
 the city's interests and contributes to the rich- 
 ness of the ( ily's life. \o man is really a citizen 
 of Pittsburgh who does not recognize his re- 
 sponsibility and obligation to Pittsburgh. 
 
 .\s soon as a man begins to live closely with 
 his fellows he owes them the inspiration of a 
 good character. \o bad man ever was or ever 
 can be a good citizen. .\nd no bad man can 
 make a good city ollicer. The man who lives 
 a good life in the city contributes greatly to the 
 
 city's strength. .\n(l that is wh\' we hold in such 
 high esteem the Mayor of Pittsburgh (the Hon. 
 George B. Gutlirie). He is a man of uprightness, 
 of strict integrity, a sincere, Christian gentleman, 
 and his administration has contributed to the 
 beauty, the health, the morality and the righteous- 
 ness of our city. And we esteem him, too, for 
 the good men he has called to his assistance, 
 whom he has placed at the head of the \-arious 
 departments of our city government. And no 
 one of these men deserves more our gratitude 
 than the Superintendent of the Bureau of Health. 
 What Dr. Edwards has done for the health of 
 our city, what lie has done for the elimination of 
 the sources of disease, and for the prevention 
 of disease in our city, deserves the hearty commen- 
 dation of all good citizens. Cleanliness and Godli- 
 ness are closely allied. 
 
 Being a good man, however, does not of itself 
 make a good citizen. But it is the beginning of 
 citizenship. Every man among us ought to con- 
 ceive of the business of the city as part of his 
 own business. .\ |)rime trouble with Pittsburgh 
 and with our other American cities has been 
 that they have in them so many men who are 
 only residents, and not citizens, men who take 
 everything from the cilv and who do not think 
 of gi\'ing anything in return. Xo man really 
 makes a home, however beautiful it may be, 
 unless he gives himself to it. .-Vnd no man is a 
 citizen unless he gives himself to the city. The 
 citizen should iiknlifx- his interests with the city's 
 interests. .\ citizen should study the city's 
 problems and he should always vote at the city's 
 elections. In the election for Mayor and Council- 
 men everv man of us has a great responsibility, 
 and we are cowards and not worthy of our citizen- 
 ship if we are indifferent to our responsibility 
 and shirk it. 
 
 The chief concern of Pittsburgh, and of every 
 city, ought to be to develop what may be called 
 the higher civic lil'e. The higher life, everywhere, 
 is the life of ideas and ideals. Ideas and ideals 
 are the source of man's highest efficiencv and 
 
 (48) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUl-CENTEXNIAL 
 
 enduring influence. Every city has ideals, whether 
 it defines them or not, and there are two things 
 to be sharply defined and resolutely followed of 
 the city is to build up its citizens, not only com- 
 merciall}-, but also to enrich them educationally 
 and spiritually. 
 
 First, there must be the ideal of eflicient 
 government. A city efliciently, rightly governed 
 represents the very highest kind of organization. 
 But to have an efficient government we must 
 have an honest government. Xo corrupt govern- 
 ment was ever yet efficient. It is impossible for 
 a corrupt government to be eflicient, because 
 honesty is the basis of all eflkiency. 
 
 The government must also be intelligent. Xo 
 government which lacks intelligence can be 
 efficient. Honesty and intelligence are the roots 
 of high class administration of civic affairs. 
 
 Second, every city ought to think of itself as 
 a fundamental, educational influence. It ought 
 not only care for the physical well-being of its 
 citizens, by giving them pleasure grounds, clean 
 streets, pure air, good drainage, wholesome water 
 and the best food supplies. The city must train 
 its citizens to love the best things in tlu- best 
 forms. The higher civic life means the expression 
 of the entire life of a community. It involves civic 
 order and also civic beauty. It means well kept 
 streets and it means, also, noljle school-houses 
 and other educational institutions. It means 
 capable government, and it means also, museums, 
 libraries, art-galleries, good architecture and beau- 
 tiful, restful parks. Thucydides said of the 
 Parthenon and the group of line buildings on 
 the Acropolis, at .\thens, that the sight of them 
 was a daily delight and an education. And 
 our hope is that our great Technical School, 
 when finished, together with tiie magnificent 
 Carnegie Institute and our new University, now 
 rising on yonder hill-side, that these will help 
 to make Pittsburgh what .\thens was — a great 
 educational influence. In educating its children 
 
 our city ought to teach integrity, intelligence and 
 efficiency by the ciuality and character of its 
 government. The city ought to teach neatness 
 and cleanliness by the condition of its streets; 
 it ought to educate the eye by the beauty of its 
 parks and by its public buildings. The city 
 ought to give us noble educational buildings so 
 that we shall identify education with the highest 
 processes of the soul. It ought to so accustom 
 us to good architecture that we shall know in- 
 tegrit}- and beaut}- of structure by the eye, just 
 as those who have been well taught know good 
 music by the ear. It ought to be able, some day, 
 to be said of our city as a great Italian sculptor 
 once said of Florence to a question how the best 
 criticism of a statue could be secured — ''Leave 
 it lo the iudjiment oj the public square." 
 
 During a very large part of the history of 
 Pittsburgh our city has been known for its com- 
 mercialism. But a really great city can not be 
 built on a purely commercial foundation. It 
 needs wealth, because wealth means command 
 of resources, the ability to do things on a large 
 scale. But wealth alone never yet made a great 
 city. .\nd we have the inspiration of hope that 
 our city will become great by virtue of its char- 
 acter, the breadth of its policy, the dignity of its 
 life, the variety of its interests, and by the splen- 
 dor of its appearance. But if the higher civic 
 life is to be fully realized and maintained in 
 Pittsburgh, it must be fed bv innumerable streams 
 of private virtue, sustained by innumerable acts 
 of private devotion, and made beautiful by 
 numberless private sacrifices and beneficences. 
 
 While we thank God for our citizenship, and 
 while we believe there are few privileges greater 
 than to be a citizen of a great city, let us remem- 
 ber that for our city to develop the highest civic 
 life, we must give the city our individual, hearty 
 and constant support. God grant that we all 
 may become Christian patriots, and patriot 
 Christians. 
 
 (49) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 RF.V. \V. A. STANTON, li. 1)., I'M. IJ. 
 
 THE WHITE SIDE OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 Delivered in the Shady Avenue Baptist Church by the 
 Rev. W. A. Stanton, D. D., Ph. D.. State Historian of the 
 Sons of the American Revokition. The Sons and Daughters 
 of the American Revolution attended this service in body. 
 
 E,\cept Jehovah kee]) the city, the watchman wakcth 
 but in vain. — Psalm cxxvii. 
 
 few things should 
 
 To understand Pittsburgh 
 be said about Pennsylvania. Divide it into three 
 parallel parts running north and south. In the 
 eastern part settled the Quakers and Swedes, in 
 the central the Germans, in the western the Scotch- 
 Irish. Variegate this with a migration from 
 Connecticut into its northeastern corner. Let 
 the population from Xew \'ork State filtrate the 
 two northern tiers of Pennsylvania counties and 
 make them much like the Empire State. Then 
 know that the .southern row of counties was per- 
 meated by migration from \'irginiu and Maryland. 
 
 The result was a heterogeneous population, 
 1 the above classes. Their 
 unto this day. It is true 
 toned down, and blended 
 somewhat until the distinctions are not so sharp 
 as they were a century ago, but they still survive. 
 
 Pittsburgh is the metropolis of the Scotch-Irish 
 district. From the mountains to Ohio, from West 
 
 combining phases of al 
 characteristics prevail 
 that they have been 
 
 \'irginia northward for a hundred miles, condi- 
 tions are what the Scotch-Irish have made them. 
 The ne.xt strongest element to be taken into 
 account is the inlluence of the Germans, who 
 were our nearest neighbors eastward. If one 
 knows the "Pennsylvania Dutch" one knows 
 what that signifies. Coming down to the last 
 score of years there has been a marked incoming 
 of Americans from Xew England and Xew York 
 State, and of foreigners from southern and east- 
 ern Europe. These two distinct classes of 
 people to a degree neutralize each the other's 
 influence and also present a new foreground be- 
 hind which is still seen the old Scotch-Irish-Teu- 
 tonic background. 
 
 It is important to take the abo\e facts into 
 account in any study of Pittsburgh. Its original 
 population laid the foundations for its great in- 
 dustrialism. Its giants in industry, finance and 
 commerce are still men who were born, or whose 
 parents were born, in Scodand, Ireland, Wales 
 or Germany. X'ote the family names: Carnegie, 
 Thompson, Jones, Lauglilin, Schwab, Corey, 
 Prashear, Frick, Thaw, Guffey, Peacock, ^'ander- 
 grift, Kuhn, Home, and Macs without number. 
 To any student of names this list tells an impor- 
 tant story. Two or three generations hence it may 
 give way to one with terminals such as "ski" 
 and "vich." It has already done so on the sign- 
 boards of the smaller shops and in increasing 
 numbers. 'Vhv Italian names are also becom- 
 ing more and more numerous in some impor- 
 tant commercial circles. Such is the trend. 
 
 .Ml these things have an important bearing on 
 our understanding of the social and religious con- 
 ditions in i'ittsburgh. .\ hare relation of such 
 facts renders unnecessary the statement of a great 
 many details that every student of municipal life 
 will immefiiately perceive. 
 
 One other thing must be explained. Here- 
 after what is said by way of contrast will include 
 a period of about twenty years. My personal 
 knowledge covers that time and in an old city 
 (i6o years is old in our town) the changes in five 
 
 (50) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 S E S Q U I - C E N T E N N I A L 
 
 or ten years arc not clearly marked. But twenty 
 years ago we were two cities, Pittsburgh and 
 Allegheny, with populations of 238.617 and 105,- 
 287; a total of 343,904. Now we are one citv 
 with a population of 520,322 in 1906, and at a 
 conservative estimate \\ith at least 600,000 to-day. 
 Pittsburgh is easily the fifth city in the United 
 States at present. For the sake of comparisons 
 and contrasts I shall include both cities in all 
 figures and statements of things a score of years 
 ago, as well as to-day. when they actually are one 
 municipality. 
 
 To some degree this may be inferred from what 
 has been said already. The Scotch - Irish are 
 religious, and their religion is of the Presbyterian 
 type in theolog}- and ecclesiasticism. They are 
 conservative, cautious, shrewd, economical but 
 generous, affectionate but reserved, reverent and 
 devout. The religious foundations of Pittsburgh 
 were laid along such lines. In spite of a century 
 and a half, and of our present industrialism, it has 
 not departed from its early traditions. The trend 
 is away from them, but the traditions still hold. 
 
 Probably in no city of its size in the United 
 States is the Lord's Day better observed, but 
 the observance is obviously deteriorating. We 
 are free, however, on that day from professional 
 baseball, open places of amusement, manifest 
 commercialism and the open saloon. Compara- 
 tively speaking, there is little saloon business done 
 on Sunday even on the quiet. Our great iron 
 and steel mills and our morning newspapers are 
 our worst Sunday offenders, .\part from them, 
 and in contrast with such cities as Cincinnati, 
 St. Louis and Chicago, we are almost puritanic 
 on Sunday. In contrast with New Orleans anfl 
 San Francisco we arc positively angelic. 
 
 When once aroused, public sentiment stands 
 for righteousness to a surprising degree. We 
 are not to be judged as a whole by a few degener- 
 ate scions and "heelers" of wealth, nor by an 
 occasional scandal in divorce courts. Such affairs 
 are "news" and advertise the city around the 
 world until false ideas prevail as to f)ur whole 
 
 ( 
 
 population. Unfortunately goodness is not news 
 in yellow journalism. Prostitution is here, but 
 it does not flaunt itself before the public and is 
 fairly well restricted to certain down-towm lo- 
 calities. Gambling has a hard time with the 
 present administration and "graft" does not 
 begin to flourish in municipal affairs as it did ten 
 years ago. Some trials and convictions have 
 made a deep impression upon the professional 
 politician with the "open hand. " In the matter of 
 lodging and tenement houses, baths, laborers' 
 houses, public playgrounds, parks, cleaner streets, 
 street solicitation by prostitutes, and the scientific 
 organization of public and private charities the 
 trend is all decidedly upward. These may not 
 be things strictly in the sphere of religious life, but 
 they have so much to do \\'ith it and it is so rooted 
 in them that they must be taken into account. 
 
 But there is a struggle going on. .\s a Scotch- 
 Irish Presbyterian city Pittsburgh's traditions 
 are Calvinistic, and it has been said that Calvinism 
 makes for individualism. As America's great- 
 est manufacturing city, Pittsburgh to-day is dom- 
 inated by the spirit of industrialism, and that 
 makes for collectivism. We are in the midst of 
 the strife between these two, the individualism 
 of our past Calvanism and the collectivism of 
 our present industrialism. 
 
 Twenty years ago Grant Hill rose above the 
 business district of our citv. On and above 
 Grant Hill rose Richardson's magnificent court 
 house, and far above its roof rose its splendid 
 campanile, as high as the monument on Bunker 
 Hill, and as fine in its lines, silhouetted against 
 the sky, as the campanile of \'enice. .Across 
 the street were the two lofty and delicate Gothic 
 towers of the Roman Catholic cathedral: across 
 another street was the spire of Saint Peter's Par- 
 ish Episcopal Church: around two corners in 
 opposite directions were two other churches. .\11 
 these made a noble group that stood for justice 
 and religion. Now the churches are all gone, 
 one bought by the county, three bought by one 
 millionaire, and where Saint Peter's stood the 
 
 50 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 purchaser has built a pile some twenty-two stories 
 high. Its highest tloor overtops the campanile. 
 It stands between the commerce and industrial- 
 ism of the city and its law and religion. It is a 
 microcosm of its collectivism. The churches 
 are not destroyed, they have moved farther out, 
 but in a two-fold sense they are not so close to 
 business as once they were. Law and justice 
 are still there but the sky-scraper is higher than 
 their home. The picture is a parable. He who 
 runs may read and know the trend. 
 
 Twenty years ago we had 272 church organi- 
 zations, only eight of which were without meeting 
 houses. Xow there are 436 organizations, and 
 a remarkably large number of beautiful and 
 expensive edifices have been built by both old and 
 new churches. I recall that in 1Q04 there were 
 thirty-four dedications of buildings that collec- 
 tively cost more than Si, 000,000. I can count at 
 least ten large downtown churches that have 
 sokl their properties for great sums of monex- 
 and havi' rebuilt in the residence parts of the city. 
 The Roman Catholic churches have increased 
 from thirty-eight to si.xty, the Protestant churches 
 from 185 to 376. 
 
 I have had considerable to say about the 
 Presbyterians because this is the strongest Pres- 
 byterian city in our country. The United States 
 census of 1890 proves that. They now have 
 133 churches, in 1888 they had si.xty-one. These 
 figures include Regular. United and Rcfornu'd 
 Presbyterians. The lirst have fifty-one, the sec- 
 ond thirty-two, and the third five churches. 
 Only the Reformed Presbyterians are losing 
 ground. During the twenty years one of lliei'' 
 organizations merged with a regular Presbyterian 
 church, taking the name of the latter. Rut their 
 young people are cjuite apt to forsake the faitli 
 and practices of the Covenanters and become 
 '■ U. P.'s" or just plain " P."" Kach of these Pres- 
 byterian denominations has a theological seminary 
 here and unitedly they control the Pennsylvania 
 College for Women. Asa matter of fact (though 
 not ofiicialjy) they also control ihe Western Uni 
 
 versity of I\'nns\lvania, which has just purchased 
 a new campus of about forty acres in the finest 
 residence section of the city and is preparing to 
 spend millions in a magnificent array of build- 
 ings. Xe.xt to Presbyterians the Methodists are 
 most numerous; including four shades of de- 
 nominationalism, they have grown from forty- 
 one to seventy churches and some of these are 
 very strong. The Lutherans liaw done well; 
 they had an early start and now number fortv- 
 two churches, an increase of twenty-four. 
 
 Episcopalians do not have so many churches as 
 some of the other denominations (increase from 
 fourteen to twenty) but five or si.x of them have 
 large memberships, impressive edifices and par- 
 ish buildings, with more or less endowment, and 
 considerable wealth. ( )ne such church (Calvary) 
 lias just entered its splendid new plant, built 
 and furnished at a cost of about 8550,000; it 
 docs a large institutional work in some eighteen or 
 twenty departments and is a blessing in the east 
 end of the city. 
 
 Ikiptists are among the large gainers. ha\-ing 
 gone from fifteen to thirty-eight churches, from 
 church property worth 8236,600 to present prop- 
 ertv valued at about 81,250,000. Their total 
 income in all their churches in 1888 was $47,- 
 580.26; last year it was about 875,000, at a conser- 
 vative estimate. 
 
 Here as elsewhere, most of the negroes are 
 either I)a])tists or Methodists. I had incUuL'd 
 them in my statistics and at least fifteen of the 
 Baptist churches belong to the negroes. They 
 have an immense population in Pittsburgh and 
 in some of thiir churches there are from 800 to 
 1,200 members. They also have some excellent 
 meeting houses valued as high as 840,000. 
 
 The Disciples have increased their churches 
 from four to eleven: the Reformed Church from 
 four to seven, and the Unitarians now have two 
 churches, where in 1888 they had none. This 
 last named fact emphasizes an earlier statement 
 as to the incoming of Xew Englanders as a recent 
 thintf. This is also observed in the existence of 
 
 (52) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 S E S Q U I - C E N T E N N I A L 
 
 only five Congregational churches and but two the superintendency of a Baptist woman who 
 
 of these are homes of Xew England Congrega- once lived in Chicago; there is a milk and ice 
 
 tionalism. The others are Welsh and this peo- association that saves the babies and invalids 
 
 pie is a force to be reckoned with here. They among the poor, both winter and summer: there 
 
 have many cliurches of their own and arc to be is a society for the improvement of the poor, and 
 
 found in all our English-speaking churches. Chris- a hospital association, both of which depend 
 
 tian Science is represented by two organizations, largely upon the churches for their support. Ig- 
 
 one of which has a good buOding. noring the municipal and state hospitals and in- 
 
 In addition to these well-known bodies we have stitutions, I find i lo hospitals, homes, asvlums, 
 
 a number of miscellaneous religious organiza- nurseries and dispensaries, identified with our 
 
 tions representing \-arious convictions, fads and churches. Places where the churches show their 
 
 fancies that prevent their merging with some of faith by their works. 
 
 the regular denominations. I can find trace Add to all these the Salvation Arm}- and the 
 
 of only about fifteen such organizations, not a \'olunteers of America, with their .several barracks, 
 
 large number for such a population. the various rescue missions and the splendid 
 
 Here is a point of importance. In addition Kingsley Settlement House, the summer evange- 
 
 to all this growth within the city limits there is a listic work done in tents on city lots and around 
 
 large and constant growth of both old and new the music pavilions of our city parks: add the 
 
 surburban towns. The enlargement of churches street preaching, of which there is not a little; 
 already in them, or the organization of new 
 churches is constantly observable. From our 
 city churches there is a constant drain to such 
 suburbs and their churches. As the citv church 
 
 finally, the many minor agencies that I have over- 
 looked, but that God knows about. 
 It makes a glorious total and 
 
 and all makes 
 
 righteousness. Of course man\ 
 
 for 
 these things 
 
 is said to feed upon the countr\- church, so does were here twent\- years ago, but one would be 
 
 the surburban church feed upon the city church, surprised to know how many were not: some of 
 
 There is an undertow that now and then brings them not at all, others in much smaller numbers 
 
 back some of these people on the annual mo\-ing and acti\nties. That number, i lo, a few lines 
 
 day, but as a rule wiien the\- mo\e out the\- do above, would have been cut down to less than 
 
 not move back into the city proper, but go to half; there were no free kindergartens until 
 
 some other suburb. 1893; "o summer [jlaygrounds ten years ago; 
 
 Churches, however, are not the onl_\- sources no Kingsley House, no mOk and ice association, 
 
 of religious life, influence and activity in this no anti-Saloon League, no rescue missions, no 
 
 twentieth century. Other organizations must jjreaching in the parks nor in tents, no mission 
 
 be reckoned with. I am not counting our public work among the Chinese, Italians, Slavonic 
 
 institutions and charities, but I take into account peoples, Jews, Greeks nor Persians, until the last 
 
 private ones, especially those that are founded fifteen or eighteen years. Undoubtediv all this 
 
 and controlled by tiie churches. We have six is true of some other cities. I know it is true of 
 
 Christian associations for young men and four Pittsburgh. 
 
 for young women. The W. C. T. U. has seven The Federation of Churches was once ofi'iciallv 
 
 organizations; there is an energetic anti-Saloon represented by an organization in Pittsburgh. It 
 
 League; there are a tract and two Bible societies; never did much and eventually died of inanition, 
 
 there are sixty-two free kindergartens, with an Possibly the fact that the secretary lived in Phila- 
 
 enrolment of about 4,000 litde folks; there is a del{)hia, and came to us only once a month and 
 
 splendid system of summer playgrounds under but for a few days, explains some things. There 
 
 (53) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 was no opposition to the federation, neither was Baptists alone are working among the following 
 there enthusiasm. Practically we have feder- nationalities — Hungarians, Croatians, Rou- 
 atcd churches, however, and they get together manians, Italians, Swedes, Slovaks, and Ger- 
 whcncver it is necessary. The ministers of the mans. We have had the privilege of organizing 
 larger denominations ha\c their regular ^^londay the first Hungarian and the first Slovak Baptist 
 conferences; quarterlv they all come together churches in America and of giving to both excel- 
 in a union conference that is large. lent meeting-houses. Several other denomina- 
 The County Christian Endeavor Union is a tions are strenuously striving to Americanize and 
 live working bodv: the County Sabbath-school Christianize these multitudes who constitute the 
 
 Association has the reputation of being (and sta- 
 tistics proving it) the best organized and most 
 efficient of any county association in the world. 
 The women of all the evangelical denomina- 
 tions have a union missionary society and the 
 superintendents of the Sunday - schools have a 
 large, prosperous and helpful superintendents" 
 
 ' new mvasion. 
 
 There is co-operation in part of this work, in 
 its educational and patriotic phases, by several 
 civic and social clubs and by the Sons and Daugh- 
 ters of the American Revolution. The Italians 
 and Slavs add a great problem to those interested 
 in our housing conditions; we had our slums, tene- 
 
 union. Xo American city could have given a nient houses and sweatshops before they bore 
 
 warmer welcome and more practical demonstra- 
 tion of sympathetic cooperation irrespective of 
 denoniinationalism than was given here to the 
 great March Convention of the young people's 
 International Missionary Movement. Our ex- 
 perience has taught us that the most direct 
 
 down upon us in such multitudes, but not as we 
 have them now. Pittsburgh's typical tenement 
 house is not tall, as it is in New York, but it is 
 packed; it opens on to a vile court or dirty alley; 
 it is unventilatcd and unsanitary from top to 
 bottom and under the bottom. It is an awful 
 
 road to co-operation and unity among the churches place; its tenants usually protest against its being 
 
 is in co-operative Bible-school and missionary cleaned, and its owners protest against its being 
 
 efforts and in tlie Christian development of repaired until just before it falls, 
 the young people. What can Christianity do for a man who is one 
 
 We have the "foreign ])roblem" and we are of twenty-four who sleeps in a room twelve by 
 
 not shutting our eyes to it. It is probable that fourteen feet, having its six beds occupied by 
 
 only New York and Chicago contain a larger twclw during the day and tweKe others during 
 
 number of foreigners than Pittsburgh. This is the night, its only ventilation Ix'ing the door and a 
 
 not the place to discuss them and there is only litUe window opening into a dirty court. There 
 
 space to say that they are to be found in all parts is a problem. 
 
 of our citv, in almost all vocations, and that What can Christianity do for the man who 
 
 more and more they are changing former con- lives in his mansion on the avenue, who owns the 
 
 ditions. Thev have great churches, societies 
 clubs, political and secret organizations, news- 
 papers in their languages, and in some instances 
 they have so monopolized sections of the city 
 as to quite de-.\mericanize them. 'I"he Presby- 
 terians, Baptists, Reformed Church and Metho- 
 
 tenemcnt house and who neither knows nor cares 
 how his tenants live, so that his agents receive 
 the rent. That is another problem. Pittsburgh 
 has them both. 
 
 .\re we working any great social regeneration ? 
 Taking the city as a whole, I confess that indiffer- 
 
 dist Episcopal Church are leaders in work among erentism prevails and religious and social work 
 them, especially among the recent comers from is done with strain and stress by a minority. There 
 southern anfl eastern Europe. As a sample: are delightful exceptions, but not many. 
 
 (54) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SES(^U I- CENTENNIAL 
 
 Absorbing commercialism, industrialism, and social and spiritual betterment, but we have be- 
 
 pleasure-seeking diminish the workers and make come a city in which things do not easily and 
 
 work harder. The ethical and social implications naturally tend that way. It is an old saying 
 
 of the Gospel of Jesus are not recognized by that " God made the country and man made 
 
 aJl who preach and hear it. There never were the town"; but it is said again, "God showed 
 
 so many good people in Pittsburgh as now, man how to make the city." 
 
 PLATE PRESENTED TO THE CITY BY MISS HESTER LOUISE PITT-TAYLOR. 
 Miss Taylor w.is an honored pucst of the city during the Sesqui-Centennial. 
 
 neither were there ever so many bad people. 
 There never were so many agencies that make 
 for righteousness, neither were there so many that 
 make for evil. 
 In spots much success attends efforts for moral. 
 
 Possibly! But man has not always followed 
 his teacher's instructions, has not always built 
 after the pattern showed him in the mount. "E.x- 
 cept Jehovah keep the city, the watchman wak- 
 eth but in vain." 
 
 (.55) 
 
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 (56) 
 

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 (57) 
 
WILSON A. SHAW 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial Comniiltee 
 
 JAMES J. DONNELL 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 JAMES I. BUCHANNAN 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commillee 
 
 (5«) 
 
 EDWARD H. JENNINGS 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
JAMES S. KUHN 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 JOHN W. HERRON 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 CHARLES B. xMcLEAN 
 Finance Scsqui-Ccnlennial Committee 
 
 (59) 
 
 A. E. SUCCOP 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
ROBERT WARDROP 
 Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Commiltee 
 
 D. McK. LLOVD 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial CommiUee 
 
 JOHN DJMLING 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (60) 
 
 JOHN H. JONES 
 [•"inance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
A. \V. POLLOCK 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 MAJOR A. .\L BROW.V 
 Finance Sesqui-Ccntenni . 1 Commillee 
 
 JOHN G. JENNINGS 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial Commiltoc 
 
 (6i) 
 
 GEORGE C. BO'RGWLN 
 Finance Scsqui-Ccnicnnial Committee 
 
f 
 
 \V. L. CLAUSE 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 J. B. FINLEV 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 ROBERT C.ARI.AND 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scjqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 \V. S. KLHX 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (62) 
 
J. F. KKW 
 Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 HARRISON XESBIT 
 Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Commiltee 
 
 ALEXANDER DUNBAR 
 Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 (63) 
 
 E. R. HAI.I)IN(;i-.R 
 Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
-^1 
 
 :n 
 
 iT' 
 
 HON. WILLIAM FLINN 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 W. J. BRENNEN 
 Finance S-isqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 C. A. FAGAN 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 U. A. WILBERT 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (64) 
 
^€ 
 
 MARCUS RAUH 
 Finanre Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 1. \V. FRANK 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 ^^ 
 
 C. K. WILLOCK 
 Finance Scsqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 (65) 
 
 F. H. RICHARDS 
 (IrcatiT PittsbiirKh Day Scsqui-Ci'nlcnnial Committee 
 
B>^ vf 
 
 JOHN A. WOOD, JR. 
 Emory Quartette at Block House, September aS, iqoS 
 
 \V. B. LAWTON 
 Kmon,' Quartette at Block House, September 2S, 1908 
 
 JOHN F. STEEL 
 Finance Sesqui-Ccniennial Committer' 
 
 (66) 
 
 ROBERT C. HALL 
 Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
. IT'- 
 
 L 
 
 >/. 
 
 //. 
 
 One 111 Iliv M A I i: s T \ s 
 
 I 
 
 //■ f/' 
 
 IHir' « € rrinri|i.il Sfcrrf.m'x iiC Sl.ili-;. , 
 
 •yms Engraving of the renowned Englishman from whom our City derives its name, was executed by John Boydell, whose 
 * rank, in his profession, as well also as a patron of Art, is recognized as being upon the same exalted plane as that which 
 William Pitt occupies among statesmen. 
 
 A circumstance which adds interest to this relic is that it bears date 1760, the year in which FORT PITT was completed. 
 
 PRESENTED TO 
 
 THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH. 
 
 By R. B. CARNAHAN, Esq., on behalf of the donor, WM. G. JOHNSTON, 
 
 NOVEMBER 15, 1889. 
 
 (^^7) 
 
Autprirau ISpunlutinu 
 
 of 
 Allegneny County, Pennsylvania 
 
 1758 
 
 MRS. EDITH DARLINGTON AMMON 
 
 President of the Daughters oi the American Revolution of 
 Allegheny County, Pennsylvania 
 
 Pt 
 
 1908 
 
 irnriram 
 
 MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 28, 1908 
 
 Music ............... Columbia 
 
 Emory Male Quartette W. B. Lawton. John A. Wood. Jr.. A. A. Ross. Walter Bultier. W. K. Ross. Accompanist 
 Introauction or Speakers ..... by Mrs. Editn Darlington Ammon, President 
 
 Address ........... Col. Samuel Harden Cnurcn 
 
 Music ............... America 
 
 Dedication of Tablet . . I nc Honoratle George W. Gutnrie. Mayor or PittsBurgn 
 
 Raising of tKe British Flag ......... by Mr. ArtKur Forbes 
 
 Raising of tbe Flag of tbe United States .... by Mifs Mary Brunot Roberts 
 
 Music . . .......... Star Spangled Banner 
 
 (68) 
 

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 d 
 _o 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 (69) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 On Monday morning, September 2Sth, at 9 
 o'clock, there was a salute fired by Battery B, 
 Pennsylvania National Guard, whistles generally 
 were sounded throughout the city, and bells 
 rung. Mounted heralds in Mcdia'val costume 
 proclaimed with lrum[)els throughout the c'it\' 
 the opening of the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 
 This latter feature was suggested by and suc- 
 cessfully carried into elTect under the supervision 
 of Thomas M. Walker. 
 
 ceremonies, the dedication was carried out in all 
 its features. All llie notaljle guests of the city 
 were present, and after the dedication of the tablet 
 inspected the Block House. Neither did the rain 
 keep away the spectators other than those invited 
 within the enclosure, for there were good au- 
 diences both on the railroad tracks above the 
 lilock House enclosure and on the level ground, 
 on the other side of the railing. 
 
 On the tablet, which is of brass and is set in a 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 ill-.l<ALl).'5 .\.\.\()L .\C1.M. ul'K.NlXli OF THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL, MOND.W MORNING, SEPTEMBER 2S, 
 
 iqo8. CHIEF HERALD GEORGE W. DAWSON 
 
 D. A. R. TABLET DEDICATED 
 
 As one of the principal patriotic exercises in 
 connection with the Scscjui-Centennial Celebra- 
 tion, the Daughters of the American Revolution 
 yesterday dedicated a memorial tablet at the 
 
 block of the cement walk near the entrance to the 
 Block House grounds, is the inscription: 
 
 "The Site of Fort Pitt. Built, 1759-1761. 
 \'isited by George Washington, 1753 — 1758 — 
 1770. This Tablet Placed by the Daughters of 
 
 Block House at the Point marking the site of the American Revolution of Allegheny County, 
 
 Fort Pitt. Pennsylvania, 1908." 
 
 In spite of the lieaxv rainstorm which came u]) The exercises, which were in charge of Mrs. 
 
 in the afternoon and continued throughout the .Samuel .A. Amnion, Pn'sidenl of the Society of 
 
 (70) 
 
MRS. S. JARVIS ADAMS 
 Chairman of D. A. R. Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 X759 - 17i6l 
 
 VISITED BY 
 
 lEORGE WASHINtiTOl 
 1753-1758-1770 
 
 Ttel^TABLET PLACED iV TH] 
 
 ^^n^JJGHTERS OF T 
 
 AMERICAN REVOLUTIC , 
 
 ALLEGHENY C( 
 
 A PENNSYlLVANri 
 I" 
 
 HRASS TABI.KT 
 Placed in concrete walk on Block House grounds, Septcmlicr 2S, 190S 
 
 (7O 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the D. A. R. of Allegheny County, included ad- 
 dresses by Mayor Guthrie and Samuel Harden 
 Church, and the singing of patriotic songs. The 
 flags representing the three governments which 
 at different times ruled this territory, the French, 
 English and American, were raised, in the order 
 of their control, on the flagstaff in the corner near 
 the entrance to the grounds. 
 Among the distinguished guests present were 
 
 Forbes, who, witli Mrs. Forbes, is one of the city's 
 guests from abroad for the week. "The Star 
 Spangled Banner" was then rendered, with the 
 audience joining in, and the tablet was unveiled 
 while the Stars and Stripes were raised to the top 
 of the flag staft' by Miss Mary Brunot Roberts, 
 daughter of Colonel T. P. Roberts. 
 
 At the conclusion of the exercises Alayor 
 Guthrie, C. E. E. ChOders, Mr. and Mrs. Amnion 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 MRS. EDITH DARLINGTON .WIMUX 
 President of the Daughters of the .Xiiit-rican Revolulion of .-Mlegheny County. Pennsylvania, at Block House, September 28, 1908 
 
 Miss Pitt-Taylor, Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Forbes, Miss Martha Wash- 
 ington, the Hon. Eric Collier and General S. B. 
 M. Young, who was chief marshal of the Greater 
 Pittsburgh parade on Thursday. 
 
 The fleur-de-lis was raised by Mr>. Amnion 
 after the address of Colonel Church. Following 
 this was the singing of "America," after which 
 the British flag was raised by Arthur Forbes, 
 the descendant of the brother of General John 
 
 and others took charge of the distinguished guests 
 of the city and showed them through the Block 
 House, explaining the historical associations con- 
 nected with this remnant of the early days. Miss 
 Pitt-Tavlor expressed herself as greatly interested 
 in all that she had seen and that had been told 
 her. Xcither she nor any of the other guests 
 seemed to mind the inclement weather. 
 
 Immediately after the exercises at the Block 
 House the ^^isses Pitt-Tavlor, Miss Washington 
 
 (72; 
 
Courtesy of Dispatch 
 
 COLONEL SAMULL HARDEX CHURCH AND THE EMOKV .\L\LE <^)LARTETTE AT THE BLOCK HOUSE 
 W. B. Lawton, John A. Wood, Jr., A. A. Ross, and Walter Bulger. In rear of Colonel Church arc W. L. Scaife and Mrs. S. 
 Jarvis Adams, Chairman D. \. R. Committee 
 
 Courtesy of Di:^i\i'.Ll. 
 MISS MARY BRUNOT ROBERTS KAISIXd I-LACl OK UNITED STATES OVER EORT I'lTT. AT BLOCK HOUSE, 
 MONDAY, SEl'TEMBER 28. 190S, I'lTTSBURC.H SES(^)UI-CENTE\NTAI, 
 
 (73) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 and ]Mrs. Forbes were driven to the Twentieth 
 Century Club House, where the\- were the guests 
 of honor at a tea given b}' the club. The receiving 
 party consisted of Mrs. Edward H. Utley, Presi- 
 dent of the Twentieth Century Club, and the dis- 
 tinguished guests of the city, whOe assisting were 
 Miss Julia Morgan Harding and tlie other officers 
 of the club, together with members of the social 
 committee. Airs. James Hay Reed poured tea 
 in the dining-room across the hall from the assem- 
 Ijl}- room, where the receiving party stood, her 
 aides being some of the younger members of 
 the club. 
 
 The club house, which had just emerged from 
 its annual autumn house cleaning, was hand- 
 somely decorated. The Pittsburgh colors and 
 national flags formed the exterior decorations. 
 In the assembly room were tall palms, effectively 
 grouped about the room and upon the platform, 
 while across the hall in the library and the dining- 
 room the city's colors in ribbons and banners 
 wreathed the chandeliers, dalilias and clirysan- 
 themums further carrying out the color scheme. 
 
 The invited guests included only the members 
 of the Twentieth Century Club, the ofliccrs of 
 the' Pittsburg Chapter Daughters of the American 
 Revolution, and the board of managers of the 
 Block House, together with the members of the 
 Women's Sesc[ui-Centennial Committee. 
 
 Previous to the grand promenade Mayor Guthrie 
 in a brief speech expressed the appreciation of 
 Councils and himself that so large an assembly of 
 citizens had responded to the invitation to welcome 
 the city's guests. The >hiy()r said: 
 
 "Ladies and Gentlemkn: It is my very 
 great pleasure to-night on behalf of the city 
 and especially on behalf of Select and Common 
 Councils, whose guests you are, to extend to you 
 a hearty welcome and an earnest wish for a 
 pleasant evening. 
 
 "The splendid response which the people of 
 Pittsburgh have given to the celebration in their 
 sesqui-centennial is a magnificent display of their 
 loyalt}- to the city. It is a great city and we haw 
 
 (7 
 
 a right to be proud of the men who made it and 
 of the men and women it is makingf everv dav to 
 take their places in directing the affairs of this 
 great nation. 
 
 "The life of this city is as intense as the fire of 
 its furnaces. Into this life there are being poured 
 every day representatives from every race on the 
 face of the earth and from this is to be moulded 
 the citizenship of the future. The people are 
 conscious of their responsibility and are address- 
 ing themselves bravely and hopefully to meet it. 
 
 "Greater forces are now at work in this city 
 than ever before to aid in the upbuilding and up- 
 lifting of humanity. Educational, artistic and 
 moral influences are at work and they are doing 
 great and noble things in making this city all that 
 makes a city truly great — an upright, healthy, 
 brave, honest and clean-living people. 
 
 "These forces have started and will not be 
 stopped. It will not be long in the life of this 
 city before we see this devastating cloud of smoke, 
 useless and expensive, swept away; the city freed 
 from all forms of preventable disease, and every 
 power at work in great schools and universities 
 and churches to develop our people intellectually, 
 morally and physically. 
 
 "For this we hope, so that every child born 
 within the limits of our city shall have a chance 
 to grow to upright, honest, wholesome, pure man- 
 hood or womanhood, as God in His olving pro\i- 
 dence intended for all. 
 
 SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH'S 
 ADDRESS 
 
 .Sjieech on the Dedication of a brass tablet at Fort 
 Pitt, Monday, Septemljcr 28, igoS. 
 
 It is a felicitous circumstance of national ances- 
 try that George Washington, the Father of his 
 Country, is equally the father of Pittsburgh, and 
 every citizen cherishes this pride of birth as an 
 inspiration in his heart of hearts. Claimed by 
 \"irginia in colonial days as a part of her territory, 
 the spot on which wu now stand was the liunting 
 ground of the Indians, until, in Xovemljcr, 1753, 
 
 4) 
 
(75) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 \\'ashin<^ton, the greatest man America has pro- 
 duced, established the location of the now imperial 
 city by choosing it as the best place for a fort. He 
 was then 21 years old, and with an eye alert for 
 the sa\'age men and hungry laeasts that preyed 
 upon his trail, he pushed his cautious way to this 
 point. In front he saw the tran([uil rivers, while 
 IjL-hind him lay the wilderness whence the startled 
 deer si)rang into a dee[)er solitude. 
 
 .At that time France and England were disputing 
 for the new continent, and Washington's deter- 
 mination to erect a fort here made Pittsburgh 
 from that instant the strategic key of the great 
 Middle West. France, by right of her discovery 
 of the Mississippi, claimed all lands drained by 
 that river and its tributaries, a contention which 
 would naturally plant her banner upon the crest 
 of the Alleghany Mountains'; while England, 
 through prior occupation, claimed everything from 
 ocean shore to ocean shore. Loyal to England's 
 sovereignty, Washington brought with him on this 
 first visit a letter to the French commander on 
 Lake Erie, protesting against the spread of French 
 forts throughout the country, (^n the return 
 journey, Christopher Gist being witli him, the 
 two pioneers encountered almost unsupportable 
 hardships. Their horses died for lack of food, and 
 they were forced to carry their canoe for long 
 stretches across the frozen ground. A treach- 
 erous Indian guide fired his gun point-blank at 
 Washington, his bad aim only preventing the 
 stoppage of an illustrious career. While crossing 
 the Allegheny River on a rude raft Washington 
 fell into the icy waters, and was saved by Oist, 
 with dilTiculty, from drowning. They built a fire 
 that night, but Washington's hands wore frost 
 bitten, while Gist's feet were frozen. I'lie next 
 day they found the cabin of a friendly white man 
 on Turtle Creek, and were given clothes to replace 
 their own, which were now in rags. 
 
 As soon as Washington's advice as to the loca- 
 tion of the fort was received, the Governor of 
 \'irginia dispatched a small force of soldiers and 
 workmen under Captain Trent, who erected a 
 
 stockade at this point. Trent arrived on Februarv 
 17, 1754, a date important because it marks the 
 first permanent white settlement here. The 
 French came in April, and the young subaltern 
 who commanded in Trent's absence surrendered 
 the unfinished works. The French completetl 
 the fort and named it l)u(|uesne, in lionor of the 
 Governor of Canada, and they held possession of 
 it for four years. 
 
 Immediately on the loss of this fort \"irginia. 
 aiming to retake it, sent a force under Washington, 
 who surprised a French detachment )iear (Ireat 
 Meadows and killed their commander, Jumonville. 
 When a larger expedition came against him, he 
 put up a stockade near the site of Uniontown, 
 naming it Fort Necessity, which he was soon com- 
 pelled to surrender. 
 
 In the ne.xt year (1755) General Edward Rrad- 
 dock came over with two regiments of British 
 soldiers, and after augmenting his force with 
 colonial troops and a few Indians, began his 
 fatal march upon Fort Duc[uesnc. Braddock's 
 testy disposition, his consuming egotism, his con- 
 tempt for the colonial soldiers, and his stubborn 
 adherence to European military maxims, alienated 
 the respect and confidence of the .American con- 
 tingent, robbed him of an easy victory, and cost 
 him his life. Beajeau, the P'rench captain, had 
 come out from Fort Duquesne with a force but half 
 the size of Braddock's. I low insignificant were 
 the armed forces with which the two empires were 
 now challenging each other for the splendid prize 
 of the New World! Beaujeau, gaily clad in a 
 fringed hunting dress, pressed on intrepidly, until 
 he fell llu' hot breath of his foe, when he waved 
 his hat, and his xigilant followers disapjieared 
 behind rocks and trees as if the very earth had 
 swallowed them. In the meantime, the English 
 had crossed [hv river and started into the thickly 
 wooded liills toward Fort Duquesne, when a 
 hea\'y discharge of musketry and arrows was 
 poured upon them, which wrought in them a 
 consternation all the greater because they could 
 see no foe anvwhere. Braddock, refusing to fight 
 
 (76) 
 
P I T T S B U R (; H 
 
 SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 behind cover, witnessed the annihihition of one- 
 half his force before he himself was fatally injured. 
 Washington, who had behaved Anth great bravery, 
 having two horses killed and receiving four bul- 
 lets through his coat, drew up the troops that were 
 still on the field, directed their retreat, maintain- 
 ing himself at the rear with great coolness, and 
 brought away his wounded general, who died 
 four (lays later, exclaiming to the last, "\\lio 
 would have thought it!" 
 
 Despondency seized the English settlers after 
 Braddock's defeat. But two years later William 
 Pitt became Prime Minister, and he thrilled the 
 nation with his appeal to protect the colonies 
 against France and the savages. 
 
 William Pitt, the great Earl of Chatham, the 
 man for whom our city is named, was one of the 
 most indomitable characters in the statesmanship 
 of modern times. Wav-Avard and affected in little 
 things, he attacked the great problems of govern- 
 ment with the bold confidence of a master spirit, 
 in every emergency of peace or war impressing the 
 clear genius of his leadership upon the yearning 
 heart of England. Too great to be consistent, 
 he never hesitated to change his tactics or his 
 opinion when the occasion developed the utility 
 of another course. During the thirty years in 
 which Pitt e.xercised the magic spell of his elo- 
 quence and power over the I*]nglish parliament, the 
 stakes for which he contended against the world 
 were no less than the dominion of Xorth .America 
 and India. In the pursuit of these policies he 
 fought Spain and subdued her armies. He sub- 
 sidized the King of Prussia to his interests. He 
 destroyed the na\'y of I'rance and wrested from 
 her the larger j^orl of lur possessions beyond sea. 
 The King trusted liim, the Commons obeyed him, 
 the jX'ople adored him, and called him the Great 
 Commoner. Me was wise, brave, sincere, tolerant, 
 and humane; and no man could more deserve the 
 honor of having named for him a city which was 
 destined to become rich and famous, keeping his 
 memory in more enduring renown than bronze 
 or marble. 
 
 Pitt's letters inspired the Americans with hope, 
 and he promised to send them British troops and 
 to supply their own militia with provisions and 
 equipment at the King's charge. He despatched 
 12,000 soldiers from England, which were joined 
 to a colonial force aggregating 50,000 men, the 
 most formidable army yet seen in the New 
 World. Pitt's plan of campaign embraced three 
 expeditions: the first against Louisburg, in 
 the island of Cape Breton, which was successful: 
 the second against Ticonderoga, which succeeded 
 after a defeat; and the third against Fort Du- 
 quesne. General Forbes, born in Dunfermline, 
 commanded the Duquesne expedition, comjjris- 
 ing about 7,000 men. The militia forces were 
 led bv Washington, who opened a road for the 
 advance of the main army. As soon as the French 
 commander learned of the approach of a superior 
 force, he set fire to his stronghold and retreated. 
 Then, on Saturday, November, 25, 1758, amidst 
 a fierce snowstorm, the English took possession 
 of this place, and Colonel Armstrong, in the pres- 
 ence of Forbes and Washington, hauled up the 
 puissant banner of Great Britain, while cannons 
 boomed and the exulting victors cheered. General 
 Forbes immediately changed the name from Fort 
 Duquesne to Pittsburgh, and wrote to Pitt saying: 
 "I have used the freedom of giving your name to 
 Fort Duf[uesne, as I hope it was in some measure 
 the being actuated by your spirit that now makes 
 us masters of the place." M that moment Pitts- 
 burgh became the chief l)ulwark of the British 
 Empire in America. 
 
 Fort l)u(|uesne being in ruins, the English 
 proceeded to build as a place of urgent shelter, a 
 new fort al)out two hundred yards from the old 
 site, wh'hh is traditionally known as the first 
 Fort Pitt, and was probably so called by the garri- 
 son, although the letters written from there during 
 the first few months refer to it as "the camp at 
 Pittsburgh." This stronghold cut off French 
 transportation to the Mississippi by way of the 
 Ohio River, and the only remaining route, through 
 the Great Lakes, was soon afterward closed by 
 
 (77) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 ^OUICENTENNML 
 jj^OMMITTEE 
 
 MARINE 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 BADGES WORN BY DIFFERENT COMMITTEES 
 OF THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 
 WOMEN'S 
 AUXILIARY 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 Reception 
 Committee^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 (78) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the capture of Fort Niagara. The fall of Quebec, 
 with the death of the two opposing generals, 
 Montcalm and Wolfe, and the capture of Mon- 
 treal, ended the claims of France to sovereignty 
 in the New World. 
 
 The new fort being found too small. General 
 Stanwix built a second Fort Pitt, much larger 
 and stronger, designed for a garrison of i,ooo 
 men. As the Indians looked with angry brows 
 upon the newcomers. Colonel Boucjuet, in 1764, 
 built the block house, which you behold now in a 
 very good state of preservation, being cared for 
 b\" the Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 The presence of the garrison naturally attracted 
 a few traders, merchants and pioneers to Pitts- 
 burgh, and a permanent population began to 
 grow. After Bouquet had crushed Pontiac's 
 rebellion, the Indians ceded their lands about 
 Pitt.sburgh to the colonies, and in 1774 a land 
 otlice was opened here, and the lands were sold 
 for a dollar an acre. 
 
 Washington made his last visit to Pittsburgh in 
 October, 1770, when, (jn his way to the Kanawha 
 River, he stopped here for several days, and 
 lodged with Samuel Semple, the first innkeeper ^ 
 whose hostelry stood until four years ago at the 
 corner of Water and Ferry Streets, two Ijlocks 
 from where we now stand. 
 
 Fort Pitt continued to be a stronghold for the 
 ne.xt twenty years, useful to the fringe of civiliza- 
 tion which hung upon it for protection, when it 
 fell into disuse and decay, and Fort Fayette, a 
 stronger and larger seat, was l)uilt at IVnn Avenue 
 and Tenth Street. 
 
 With the French (lut of the country, and W'ilh'am 
 i'itl out of ollice and incapacilaled hv age, the 
 colonies began to feel the oppression of a iiritish 
 policy which British historians and British states- 
 man to-day most bitterly condemn; and the 
 Revolution followed. 
 
 But lime has healed all the bitterness of that 
 
 family quarrel. A great city has grown up in the 
 heart of the wilderness which Washington con- 
 quered for civilization — a city which has been 
 so many times sobered by vicissitude, and so 
 many times uplifted by triumph. England and 
 American are now held together by the indissoluble 
 ties of blood, and are drawing ever closer through 
 a common heritage of language, literature, law and 
 tradition. In the world at large we behold a 
 change in national tendencies so vastly different 
 from those of one hundred and fifty years ago that 
 they compel our joyful wonder. For here are 
 all the enlightened nations of Christendom join- 
 ing hands to crush the spirit of war that has 
 devastated the earth for a thousand years, and 
 nourishing in its stead this splendid modern pas- 
 sion for an inviolate and universal peace which is 
 commencing to absorb the very soul of humanity. 
 [Great applause.] 
 
 EXPOSITION DAY 
 
 Tuesday, September 29th, was knov.-n as Ex- 
 position Day. There were special musical pro- 
 grammes at the Western Pennsylvania E.xposition, 
 in which prominence was given to the works of 
 Pittsburgh composers. The city's guests, who 
 during the day had been taken on a sightseeing 
 tour, attended the evening concert, as did Mayor 
 Guthrie and the officers of the Sesciui-Centennial 
 Committee. The attendance at the Exposition 
 was verv large ])()lh in the afternoon and e\'ening. 
 The auditorium was appropriately decorated with 
 Pittslnn"gh colors and llags. The visitors were 
 particularly interested in the special exhibit se- 
 cured through the efforts of the Exposition Sub- 
 committee headed by T. J. Fitzpatrick, including 
 a model of the battleship Connecticut, specimens 
 of armor plate and projectiles and a model of the 
 largest river steamboat, the "Spraguc," towing a 
 lleet of coal barges carrying 50,000 tons. 
 
 (79) 
 

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 (80) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 PRYOR'S BAND PLEASES MUSIC 
 LOVERS 
 
 Exposition visitors have taken immensely to 
 Fryer's music, which is full of vigor and sparkles 
 with beauty. Pryor is enthusiastic and always- 
 ready to respond to encores. The encore num- 
 bers are generally bright and jingling melodies. 
 
 The 7:30 concert last night was devoted the 
 compositions of Richard Wagner and in the ren- 
 dition of this great master's works the skill and 
 execution of the band shone resplendcntly, and 
 incidentally proved Pryor to be a scholarly leader. 
 Pryor 's original compositions, "The Love Kiss," 
 and "Artful Artie," were played during the 
 evening. 
 
 Works of Liszt and Puccini will be exploited 
 exclusively at the 7:30 concert to-night, while the 
 later entertainment will be taken up with 
 compositions of a lighter character. 
 
 The music program for to-day was as follows: 
 
 2 o'clock 
 
 Overture, " Phedre " Massenet 
 
 Gems from "The Waltz Dream" Strauss 
 
 Duet for riutf ;in(l Frciuli Horn Till 
 
 Messrs. Lufsky and ("/cillie. 
 
 Descriptive, " .\ Highland Scene" Moor 
 
 (a) Tone Poem, "A Fairy Dream" Blon 
 
 (/)) March, "Captain Cupid" (new) I'ryor 
 
 Scenes from ""Orijhee aux F.nfers" Offenijach 
 
 4 o'clock 
 
 Overture. "The Merry W'ivts ni Winilsnr ' Xicnlai 
 
 Incidental Music to Henry \'iil Sullivan 
 
 (a) "March Militaire." 
 (6) "King Henry's Song." 
 (c) "Graceful Dance." 
 
 Airs from "The Chimes of Xormancly" Planquette 
 
 Pryorphone Solo, "The Garden of Roses" Gatti 
 
 Simone Mantia. 
 
 (8 
 
 (a) Tone Poem, "The Old Church Organ".. 
 Chambers 
 
 (b) March "Sweetheart" Pryor 
 
 Fantasie, "My Old Kentucky Home" Dalby 
 
 7 :,^o o'clock 
 
 "Les Preludes" Liszt 
 
 Scenes from " Madam Butterfly " Puccini 
 
 "First Hungarian Rhapsody" Liszt 
 
 I'.xcerpts from "La Boheme" Puccini 
 
 "Second Hungarian Rhapsody" Liszt 
 
 Finale .\ct 3d, "Manon Lescaut" Puccini 
 
 9:30 o'clock. 
 
 Overture, " Oberon " Weber 
 
 Gems from " M'Ue, Modiste " Herbert 
 
 Cornet Solo, "Polka Caprice" Brown 
 
 Bert Brown. 
 
 Descriptive Scene, "The Death of Custer" Johnson 
 
 (a) Tone Poem, " In Lover's Lane" (new) . . .Pryor 
 
 (b) "The Whistler and His Dog" Pryor 
 
 Finale to Overture " Mignon " Thomas 
 
 GUESTS RECEIVE OVATION 
 
 It was a glorious welcome that the city gave its 
 guests last evening in Duquesne Garden — the 
 first outpouring of the people, l)oth in olTicial and 
 ordinary walks, to give in many numbers the 
 greetings that had been given by the few who were 
 the representatives of all. 
 
 It must have made a deep impression on the 
 gracious women who are here as the chief among 
 the visitors. For 12,000 persons stood packed in 
 the seats — they forgot to sit when the excitement 
 once was on — and in the passageways and in the 
 main lobby of the great garden, clapping hands, 
 cheering and waving kerchiefs as the guests of 
 honor and the oflkial hosts marched the length 
 of the floor as the band, placed midway, played 
 
 
 
HON. CHARLES WARREX FAIRBANKS 
 
 Vice-President of United States, Guest 
 of the Citv 
 
 MRS. CHARLES WARREN FAIRBANKS 
 Guest of the Citv 
 
 .MISS .\L\RTHA W.\SIH.\(;T0.\ 
 
 .Nearest descendant of General George Wash- 
 ington, Gue.st of the Citv 
 
 coi-\T HI. UK, k. uF l-(;gl.\s 
 
 Of Sweden, Guest of the Cilv 
 
 (82) 
 
 HON. KRiC C. F. COLLIER 
 Of Englanil. Guest of the City 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 music that was softened by the distance and 
 the apphiuse. 
 
 Xot often do so many men and women render 
 such tribute under such inspiring circumstances 
 in these (hiys, except it be to royalty or potentates, 
 liut for all that the best of nobility was represented 
 there, for statesmanship and military leadership, 
 the thin.t,fs that brinu; a nation into lieing and nur- 
 ture it and help it onward to its growth to power, 
 were there, both of the past and of the present, 
 Ijoth of the times to which the city is harking 
 back this week and of the time in which we live. 
 
 There were the members of the families whose 
 leaders did all in all to make America and its 
 chief industrial city possible; so, too, there were 
 men who have done well by their country and 
 their city: women, whose names it is a pleasure 
 for their fellow citizens to speak with honor. 
 .\nd above it all, there the ninety and nine, the 
 men and women, young and old, who are doing 
 their part to make the city hold its place among 
 its sisters, the thousands of the everyday people 
 on whom the well being of the city rests. 
 
 There were other features to the evening's 
 welcome — the little receptions among the groups 
 of notables — no general reception was possible 
 in such a throng — the address of tlie city execu- 
 tive, a brief speech, but pregnant of pride in his 
 city, of affection for the pei>ule of his city, of con- 
 fidence in his city's future*, the dance in which 
 all who wished participated and which brought 
 to a clo.se an evening that should be notable in the 
 city's history. Hut more than all was the grand 
 march. For it took the place of a reception in 
 which the guests of honor met all the i)eople. 
 
 And the guests were no less pleased at the meet- 
 ing than the hosts, for as they paraded up and 
 down and across the great floor the women in the 
 marchers smiled smiles of real happiness the while 
 they bowed graciously at intervals in appreciation 
 of the iiand-claps. 
 
 'I'he guests of honor and those attending them 
 were alone in the first portion of the march. They 
 went the length of the floor a couple of times and 
 
 circled across that all might have a chance to see; 
 then the announcement was made that all the 
 people, or as many as cared should join in. When 
 the round of tlie hall had been made once more the 
 guests of honor doubled up in two couples abreast 
 and wound about the hall at short intervals, while 
 the people, all the time adding to the marching line, 
 did the same. Then the guests were formed eight 
 couples across, while the rest remained in fours, 
 and soon the floor of the garden presented a great 
 winding picture of handsomely gowned women 
 and men whose mien compelled admiration, 
 swinging evenly with wonderful grace, the stream- 
 ers that decked the edges of the balcony waving 
 in harmony, the bands playing inspiring airs, the 
 throng of those on-looking clapping and cheering 
 a welcome which blended with the music of the 
 band and made a song of welcome to the strangers 
 and of happiness for all that no "Hail to the Chief" 
 or hymn of jubilation well could emulate. It was 
 a picture that would have inspired even had there 
 been no inspiration in the cause of it. It was such 
 a gathering of the many, with all its attendant cir- 
 cumstances, as well may be remembered in the 
 citv's annals. 
 
 The reception was scheduled to open at 8:30 
 p. m., and an liour before that was the time for 
 opening the doors, but long before 7:30 o'clock 
 such a crowd had gathered outside the garden 
 that admittance was given them. From that 
 moment they kept coming in a steady stream. 
 The seats soon were all occupied and the people 
 began seeking advantageous standing places until, 
 when the guests of honor arrived, a way had to be 
 opened to the boxes for them. The two bands 
 kept plaving palriolii' airs and the tunes of long 
 ago until well on in the evening, the crowds, cheer- 
 ing as the favorites were rendered, or when a 
 change in the music announced the arrival of one 
 of the notables, when all eyes were directed 
 toward the boxes at the head t^f the hall and each 
 guest was given generous welcome. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest applause on arriving of that 
 given an\- (jf the guests was accorded General 
 
 (83) 
 
MISS IIKSTKR LOUISE PITT-T.WLOR 
 Of England, descendant of William Pitt, C.uc-st of the Citv 
 
 MISS MADELINE HESTER PITT-TAYLOR 
 
 Of England, di-sccndant of William Pitt. C".ui.-st of the Citv 
 
 MR. .VRIULR I ORIJES 
 Of Scotland, descendant of General Forbes, Guest of the City 
 
 MRS. ARTHLR loRBES 
 Of Scotland, Guest of the Citv 
 
 (84) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 S. B. M. Young, whom every one seemed to 
 recognize the moment lie stepped into his 
 box. It might not he inappropriate right here 
 to state that the veteran of home and foreign 
 wars came in for more attention later on, for 
 he had as his partner in the granfl march Miss 
 Madeline Pitt-Taylor, who made a strikingly 
 handsome figure in her gown of heavy cream- 
 colored satin. 
 
 Tt is no reflection on the carriage or the a])pear- 
 ance uf the others that the retired soldier and the 
 young woman from abroad were instantly picked 
 out as the handsome couple of the group. Whv 
 not ? Was not the soldier ever one to appear 
 to advantage no less upon the ballroom floor 
 than on the battlefield? And who more fitting 
 for his soldierly bearing to oft'set her grace than 
 this daughter of a noble house ? 
 
 And while here it also may be proper to remark 
 about another incident of the evening in which the 
 people — all of them — showed not that they wel- 
 comed the stranger less, but that they loved their 
 own kind more — more particularly when she of 
 their own kind was of the name and family of 
 him, the noblest character of time, whom Provi- 
 dence gave to America. It was no ordinary wel- 
 come, even from the 12,000 gathered in the great 
 hall, that was given Miss Martha Washington, 
 when her name was announced for the grand 
 march. It was the patriotism of the people burst- 
 ing forth in an ovation to the delicate woman 
 whose sweet face some one near her remarked 
 bore in it traces of the character the artists have 
 liked to depict when they painted the portrait 
 of her great namesake. She seemed surprised 
 for the instant at the applause which made the 
 announcer halt, and then she inclined her liead 
 in a bow that took in all the house. 
 
 The march was led l)y Mayor Guthrie escorting 
 Miss Pitt-Taylor; following them came Arthur 
 Forbes with Mrs. Guthrie, and ne.xt in order Gen- 
 eral Young and Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, Presi- 
 dent of Common Council William Branrl and Mrs 
 Forbes, the Hon. Eric Collier and Mrs. Stevenson, 
 
 Select Councilman William IT. Stevenson and 
 Miss Martha Washington. 
 
 When the march had been concluded the guests 
 of honor returned to their boxes and shortly after- 
 ward retired from the dance to which the Mayor 
 had bidden them in closing his address. 
 
 The address of the city executive began with a 
 tribute to the i.)eoi)le for the demonstration of 
 loyalty they have given in their response to the 
 request for a proper celebration of the sesfjui- 
 centennial. He said it showed that the people 
 were proud of their city and loyal to it — as it 
 was right they should be, for the city deserved 
 well of all its people. Continuing he said: 
 
 "The life of this city is as intense as the fires 
 in its furnaces. Into this city pour the represent- 
 atives of every race upon earth and from this 
 material we have to mould the citizenship of the 
 future — and we are doing it and doing it nobly 
 There are greater forces at work in this city for 
 the uplift of the race than ever before. Education, 
 morality, religion and hard work are the basis 
 on which we are building for the future. 
 
 'T hope, even in my years, to see the time when 
 the city will be Ix'tter, as we are constandy striving 
 to make it better: when it will be free from the 
 clouds of smoke that have overhung it and made 
 day like night: when it will be free from pre- 
 ventible diseases that have stunted the life of its 
 people: when all that the city can provide is 
 done to give an o])portunity to all its vouth 
 to grow to noljle manhood and to noble woman- 
 hood. The future of the nation depends on 
 the mental, the moral and the ])livsical stamina 
 of its people. We must see to it that those we 
 give to the world will lie fit to earrv out the 
 nation's destiny. 
 
 'T know this city; I know its past: I know its 
 people, and I say I am proud of this, my native 
 Pittsburgh. We lia\e every right to assert our- 
 sehes, for we lia\e done and we are doing a work 
 in industry, in educatit^n, in religion, that will give 
 us a place in the forefront of the cities of the world 
 for all time. 
 
 (8.S) 
 
(86) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 "And now I give you .i;rcctin<; once ui^ain unci, 
 in the words of the poet: 'On with the dance.' " 
 
 And they did his bidding and chased the glow- 
 ing hours with Hying feet. 
 
 As the representative of the man who more tlian 
 any other is nearest to the .American heart, Miss 
 Martha Washington was the object of greatest 
 interest among those who attended the reception 
 last night. Miss Washington is the great great- 
 granddaughter of Samuel Walter Washington, 
 full brother of George Washington. Her great- 
 grandfather was George Stephen WashiiiL^ton, Iut 
 grandfather was Samuel Walter Washington and 
 iier father was George Lafayette Washington. 
 Miss Washington does not resemble the portraits 
 of her illustrious relative e.xcept in her blue eyes. 
 She is of medium height and slender build, and 
 her leatures are delicately moulded. She has soft 
 dark brown hair, which she wears simply, and 
 is of frank, pleasing and unaffected manner. Last 
 evening she was gowned in a dove-colored eoline. 
 trimmed with ecru lace anrl with touches of tur- 
 quoise velvet. 
 
 Xe.\t in interest was Miss Hester Louise Pitl- 
 Taylor, the direct descendant of William Pitt, 
 Miss Pitt-Taylor is distinctly English in appear- 
 ance. Last night she was simply but richly 
 gowned. She wore a black evening dress finished 
 at the neck mth white lace, and over this a long 
 black velvet cloak, which she kept on the entire 
 evening, the hall being cold and draughty. Iler 
 niece. Miss Madeline Hester Pitt-Taylor, was 
 especially charming in a heavy, cream-colored 
 satin, with insets of tucked chiffon and an aigrette 
 dusted with silver in lur light hair. 
 
 Mrs. .Vrlhur l'"orbes, who, as the wile of the 
 man whose name is closely associated with 
 Pittsburgh, also received particular attention. 
 She wore a gown of black sillk, with jet spangles. 
 With Mr. Forbes, the Hon. Erie E. Collier and 
 General Young they were the special guests in the 
 official boxes. Mrs. George W. Guthrie, wife 
 of Mayor Guthrie, was the official hostess of 
 the evening. Mrs. Guthrie was gowned in an 
 iridescent blue jumper costume trimmed with 
 white lace. 
 
 Other special guests of the evening occupying 
 the bo.xes were Mrs. W. K. Shiras, who wore an 
 effective costume of corn-colored silk, and white 
 lace; Mrs. George W. Gill, who wore a black and 
 white striped chiffon with white lace; Miss 
 Mary Louise Jackson had on a handsome cos- 
 tume of black silk trimmed with white and black 
 laces; Mrs. Frank Semple Bissell wore black 
 velvet with duchesse lace and jet spangles. Mrs. 
 Herbert DuPuy wore pale heliotrope satin, and 
 Mrs. James L Kay was in light gray. Mrs. W. 
 II. Stevenson wore a white lingerie costume, 
 and Miss Stevenson was in pink: lilac satin 
 was worn bv .Mr<. J. A. Kelh', jr.. and mode 
 voile over pink by .Mrs. George H. Lehman; 
 Miss Marie Patterson wore a pink-llowered 
 organdie, and Miss .Matilda Louise Patterson 
 white organdie. 
 
 .\mong others in tlu' boxes were Mr. and Mrs 
 Edward G. Lang, Captain and AL-s. James A 
 Henderson, John H. Jackson, Herbert DuPuy 
 Hamilton Stewart, C. E. E. Childers, Andrew J 
 Kelly, Jr.. James 1. Kay, and George ^L Lehman 
 MaJ. and Mr>. A. J. Henderson. 
 
 (87) 
 
THO.MAS MURRISOX 
 
 DAMEL M. CLEMSON 
 
 GEORGE E. McCAGUE 
 
 A. R. PEACOCK 
 
 (88) 
 
A. J. BARR 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 A. P. MOORE 
 General Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 SAMUEL L. ANDREWS 
 GrcaiiT Pittsljurgh Day Sesqui-Ccntcnnial Committee 
 
 (8q) 
 
 SAM L EL HAMILTON' 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
D.WIl) P.. OI.IVKR 
 
 S. IAR\'1S .\n.\MS 
 
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 WILLIAM IIURU 
 
 ALBERT GRAIIVM 
 
 (90) 
 
J U. \UliL 
 First Vicc-Cliairman Railroad Sesqui-Cenli-nnial CommilUv 
 
 A. M. SCHUVKR 
 Second \'icc Chairman Railroad Scsqui-Centeiinial Committee 
 
 !•:. II. UTLEY 
 Railroad Sesqui Centennial Committee 
 
 (90 
 
 L. A. Romsox 
 
 Railroad Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
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 DAVIIJ T. WATSON 
 (ireatLT Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Conimiuee 
 
 Jl'Df.K JA.MKS 11. REED 
 r.rcater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Coniniitlce 
 
 J. DAWSON GALLERY 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (g2) 
 
 WESLEY S. GUFFEY 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
(93) 
 
llKXkV Sl'KOUL 
 Greater Pillsburi^h Day Sosqui-Cenlinnial Committee 
 
 C. A. PAINTER 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centunnial Committee 
 
 HARRY MARLIN 
 (Jreatcr Pitt.sl)uri;h Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (94) 
 
 JOHN C. SLACK 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
(95) 
 
DAVID E. PARK 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Commitlce 
 
 HERBERT DU PUY 
 Greater Piltsburgli Day Committee 
 
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 53^ ^^ 
 
 WILLIAM G. PARK. 
 Finance Committee 
 
 FRANK B. SMITH 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee 
 
 (96) 
 
(97) 
 
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 ROBERT S. SMITH 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scstiui-CuiUcmiial Committee 
 
 JOHN D. McCUNE 
 Finance Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
 J. IJE.WV LVO.V CHARLES F. DEAX 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCentcnnial Commiilee 
 
 (q8) 
 
OLIVER McCLIXTOCK 
 Reception Sesqui-Centennial Comniiltee 
 
 JOHX G. PEW 
 Greater Pittsl)urnh Day Sesc|ui-CcTitcnnial Committee 
 
 \V. II. IKJNNKR 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day S^'squi-Cenlcnnial Committee 
 
 (99) 
 
 ki:i:d f. ulair 
 
 tlreater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
HON. H. KIRK PORTER 
 Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 JAMES I. KAY 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 I.. L. MlCLEI.I.AXD XORWOUI) JUHNSOX 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Clreater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (ico) 
 
(lOl) 
 
JOHN' r. SllKA 
 C.rrator Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-CVntcnnial Committee 
 
 II. A. Kl ll.\ 
 Greater Piltsburgli Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 
 
 W. S. BROWN JOHN G. SPLANE 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day SeSiqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (102) 
 
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J. M. HANSEN 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 TAYLOR ALDERDICE 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
 LOUIS BROWN \V. D. HENRY 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee (ircater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (104) 
 
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 (105) 
 
E. W. PARGNV 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCi-nlennial Commillee 
 
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 J. H. NICHOLSON 
 Greater Piitsljurgh Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 
 
 \V. R. 13ALS1NGER U. V. COLLINUWOOD 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCcntennial Commillee Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
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 WALTER LYON 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Crntcnnial Committee 
 
 JOHN P. HUNTER 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 
 
 WILLIAM A. BLAKLLV 
 District Attorney 
 
 (io8) 
 
 WARREN SEYMOUR 
 First Assistant Distnct Attorney 
 
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 (109) 
 
SAM F. SIPE 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Contpnnial Committee 
 
 C. E. SATLER 
 Greater Pittsburf;h Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
 HAMILTON STEWART H. S. PAUL 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (no) 
 
(II.) 
 
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 JLLIAX KENNEDY 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 EDWARD J. TAYLOR 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 PALL DIDIER 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (112) 
 
 GEORGE T. BARNSLEY 
 General Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
Courtesy of Dispatch 
 
 CITV HALL 
 Showing the beautiful decorations, during the Sesqui-Centennial. 1908 
 
 (113) 
 
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 W. GLVUE WILKINS 
 General Scsqui-Ccnlennial Co'iimitU-t- 
 
 EMIL SWENSSON 
 General Pcsqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
 GEORGE X. DAVISON 
 General Scs<|ui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (114) 
 
 EDWIN K. MORSE 
 General SesquiCcntennial Committee 
 
NIXON THEATRI.. PUBLIC SAFETY BUILDING AXI) TIIK II. SAMSOX BUIUHNg''''''''''' 
 Showing the decorations during the Sesqui-Crnionnial 
 
R. B. WARD 
 Chairman Merchants Subfinance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 ALBERT YORK SMITH 
 Cliaimian Grand Stand Sesqui-Centennial Commiilec 
 
 CLARENCE BURLEIGH 
 Greater Pittsburgh Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (ii6) 
 
 RICIIARU SCAXDRETH 
 Greater Piltsljurgh Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
SHOWIXd THE HLKCTRICAL DISPLAY OF THK UNION' 
 
 This was one of the grandest displays during the Sesqui-Centennial. 1908 
 
 (T17) 
 
 Courtesy of Dispatch 
 
 STATION 
 
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 JOHN A. BELL 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 
 
 J. C. CHAPLIN 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commitlee 
 
 A. E. NEIMAN 
 Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 (ii8) 
 
 W. C. LOWRIE 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
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LAWRENCE DILWORTH 
 Greater Pittslmr^h I);iv Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 r N. JONES 
 dreater Piltsljurgli Day Sesqui-Ccnlennial Committee 
 
 
 WTLBLiR SCHENK 
 Gn-atcr IMllslmrnh Day Sesqui-Ccnlennial Committee 
 
 J J. PLANNER Y 
 Greater Pittsl)urj;h Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 :i2o) 
 
Courtesy of Dispatch 
 KXABEXSHUE'S AIRSHIP CIRCLIXG AROUND THE BIGELOW MOXUMEXT. SCHEXLEV PARK 
 
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 Courtesy of Pittsburgh Post 
 CROWD ON IIITH AVENUE. GRANT STREET ARCH HEAD Ol- COIKT OK HONOR 
 
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 (r22) 
 
MARINE COMMITTEE 
 
 of 
 
 GENERAL SESQUI-CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 CAPTAIN JAMES A. HENDERSON, Chairman 
 ALEXANDER DEMPSTER J. FRANK TILLEY W. E. ROE 
 
 GEORGE W. THEISS JAMES MOREN VV. T. SMOOT 
 
 WARREN ELSEY A. R. MACKEY C. H. STOLZENBACH 
 
 W. H. CRUMP G. L. KELLY P. M. PFIEL 
 
 i\LAJ. H. C. NEWCOMER R. N. BOLES J. K. DAVIDSON 
 
 THOi\LAS M. REES J. G. GEEGAN A. R. BUDD 
 
 G.W.THOMAS H. P. DILWORTH J. D. O'NEIL 
 
 W. HARRY BROWN M. T. EPPLING 
 
 GEORGE M. LEHMAN, Secretary 
 
 MARINE RECEPTION COMMITTEE 
 
 ALEXANDER DEMPSTER 
 MAJ. H. C. NEWCOMER J. FRANK TILLEY J. G. GEEGAN 
 
 H. P. DILWORTH W. HARRY BROWN J. K. DAVIDSON 
 
 GEORGE M. LEHMAN 
 
 LADIES' MARINE RECEPTION COMMITTEE 
 
 MRS. JAS. A. HENDERSON MRS. WARREN ELSEY 
 
 MRS. GEORGE M. LEHMAN MRS. ALEXANDER DEMPSTER 
 
 MRS. THOMAS M. REES MRS. H. C. NEWX'OMER 
 
 ADMIRAL— JAMES A. HENDERSON 
 REAR ADMIRAL-WARREN ELSEY 
 
 f 1— JOHN I ORR, Lt. Commander 
 I 2--1 
 G. L. KELLY, Commander -, 3- J" H. D. J AMES, Lieutenant 
 
 sZ/R. G. STROUD, Ensign 
 
 A. R. MACKEY, Commander \ 7— [ HOLMES HARGER, Lt. Comdr. 
 
 G. W.THOMAS, Commander ( 9-HARRY BAUM, Lt. Commander 
 
 THOMAS M. REES, Commander 
 
 ARTHUR MOREN, Commander i 10 - LEWIS MINK, Lt. Commander 
 
 I T. P. BINGY. Lt. Commander 
 
 R. N. BOLES, Commander - 11— J. F. ROBERTSON, Lieutenant 
 
 L G. A. CAREY, Ensign 
 
 HISTORICAL CHARACTERS 
 
 Cavelier de La Salle-DR. WILLIAM FARRAR 
 
 Officers— G. W. HENDERSON, P. E. ZIMMERMAN. I. E. BOOBEYER 
 
 Capt. M. de Celeron— MAI. A. I. HENDERSON 
 
 Officers-M. de Contrecoeur— DR. (GEORGE I". GREGG 
 
 Chabert de |oncaire—(]EO. STOCKTON LEHMAN 
 
 Coulon de Viliiers— H. D. PARKIN 
 
 Priest- .\LBERT DARRAGH Christopher Gist— WILLI. \.M WELL 
 
 (George Washington- MARSHALL HENDERSON 
 
 (123) 
 
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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1908 
 
 MARINE DAY 
 
 W'cdnesduy, September 30th, was Marine Da}'. 
 It was signalized by the greatest pageant ever 
 given on the rivers. The parade began at 11 a. 
 M. The route was from the Smithfield Street 
 Bridge to the Davis Island Dam and return. The 
 whole history of the navigation of the Ohio was 
 represented. .\11 the- members of the- Marine 
 
 The order of the Marine Parade was as follows: 
 
 1. Indian Canoe fleet, manned by thirty Cornplanter 
 Indians, headed by Thomas W. Jacobs, a descendant of the 
 great chief Cornplanter. 
 
 2. Rene Robert Cavclier Sieur de La Salic, with French 
 followers and Indians in canoes. 
 
 3. Captain Bienville de Celeron, with French followers 
 and Indian.s in canoes. 
 
 4. ("leorgo Washington and (iist on raft. 
 
 rt<' y ( hf' 'Tiiirlc-Telt'cniph 
 
 TWO ADMIR.VLS OF THE MARINE PARADE 
 Capt James .A. Henderson and Captain Warren Elsev 
 
 Committee worked hard. Especial credit is 
 due to the Chairman, Capt. James A. Henderson, 
 and the Secretary, George M. Lehman, the latter 
 having done valuable work in studying the his- 
 tory of navigation and in preparing designs for 
 the historic floats. The Ladies' Reception Com- 
 mittee, headed by Mrs. James .A.. Henderson, 
 also did e.xcellent work. 
 
 5. Pioneers traveling westward in llatboat (houseboat). 
 
 6. Raft of rough timbers. 
 
 7. First boat propelled by steam (New Orleans). 
 
 8. Coal l)oal.s (pair). 
 
 9. Fleet of modern canoes. 
 
 10. Towboats of the present day. 
 
 1 1. Dredge boats, sand diggers, &c. 
 1 2. Mntiir boats. 
 
 In 
 
 there were over four hundred craft in 
 
 (124) 
 
MAJOR A. J. HENDERSON 
 Marshal of Labor Division of Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
 J. FRANK TILLEY 
 Sub-Chairman of Coal Operators 
 Marine Sesqui-Centcimial Committee 
 
 VV. HARRY BROWN 
 Marine Scsqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 (•25) 
 
 MARSHALL HENDERSON 
 Marine Scsqui-Ccnicnnial Committee 
 
C. E. E. CHILDERS 
 Invitation Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 \V. L. LYONS 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
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 A. M. IMBRIE 
 Second Vice-Cbairman Invitation Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 IKAXK. I. GOSSKR 
 Greater Pittsliurgli Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 (126) 
 
(127) 
 
Courtesy Post 
 
 Tin: TWO FLAGSHIPS, DL'QUESNE AXD HENRY LOL•Rl■;^ , l.\ MARIXE PARADE 
 
 Courtesy Sun 
 
 PART (JE MARINE PARADE NEAR DAVIS ISLAND DAM. STEAMBOATS IN PAIRS 
 
 (128) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 S E S Q U 1 - C E N T E N N I A L 
 
 the parade, including fifty large steam boats. In 
 addition to the Cornplanter Indians there were 
 many whites in Indian costume. 
 
 The pageant was witnessed by immense crowds, 
 numbering several hundred thousand people. 
 These filled all the space on the Monongahela 
 wharf between the water edge and the building 
 line and from the Smithficld Street Bridge to 
 the Point. All the buildings fronting on the river 
 in this distance were filled with spectators. The 
 shores on the South Side, Manchester and the 
 West End, as well as Duquesne Heights, the 
 bridges, &c., were thronged with people. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 The first tribe of Indians setUing in the .\lle- 
 gheney \'alley, so far as knowTi, was the .\lligewi. 
 This tribe was conquered by the Lenni Lenape 
 of Delaware Indians and from these braves of 
 the forest the country of the .Allegheny Ri\er 
 was WTCsted by the Iroquois or Si.x Nations. This 
 great confederation practically controlled most 
 of the Xorthwcstern quarter of the United States, 
 — the haughty Senecas being the most warlike 
 and powerful clan. In the Marine Parade, to- 
 day, will appear Thomas W. Jacobs, acting as 
 chief, at the head of the canoe fleet, a direct de- 
 scendant of the great Seneca chief Gyanwahai, 
 (Cornplanter), once the principal chief of the Si.x 
 Nations. Cornplanter died on the Allegheny River, 
 in Northern Pennsylvania, in 1836, aged about 100 
 years. What is left of the tribe still live there, in 
 peace, on the Government Reservation. 
 
 Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur De La Salle was 
 born in Rouen, France, in 1643. He sails for 
 Canada to seek his fortune, in 1666, reaches 
 Montreal and finally La Chine, where he learns 
 much of the Indian language and customs. From 
 a band of Seneca Indians he hears of the great 
 river Ohio. According to some authorities, it 
 was in 1669, or the following year, that he set 
 forth with a party of P>ench and Indians on the 
 expedition of discovery and upon arriving at the 
 upper waters of the Ohio (.\llegheny River) de- 
 
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 scended the stream with his flotilla, as indicated 
 by a memorial left by him. to a falls which ob- 
 structed it, where now stands Louisville. 
 
 Captain Bienville De Celeron, Knight of the 
 Order of St. Louis, was dispatched by the Gov- 
 ernor-General of Canada to take possession of 
 the Ohio \-allc\- iov the purpose of connecting the 
 French Setdements scattered along that and the 
 Mississippi valleys. Celeron left La Chine in 
 June, 1749 with a considerable party, consisting 
 of French Soldiers, Canadians and Indians. Pro- 
 ceeding by the St. Lawrence and the great lakes 
 his flotilla finally reached a portage where, by 
 great labor, the canoes and provisions were trans- 
 ported to Lake Chatauqua. This lake was trav- 
 ersed and the .Allegheny River reached and finally 
 the Ohio. Leaden plates were placed at prom- 
 inent points to claim the country for France. Cel- 
 leron's principal officers were Captain M. de 
 ContrccoL'ur — later commandant of Fort Du- 
 quesne, and Lieutenants Coulon de Villiers and 
 Chabert de Joucaire. 
 
 Washington and Gist — In 1753 the English, 
 becoming uneasy at the inroads of the French, 
 Governor Dinwiddle, of \'irginia, decided to send 
 a remonstrance to the French posts. George 
 \\'ashington, though onlv twentv-onc vears of 
 age, was selected for the arduous duty; He was 
 experienced in woodcraft and recognized as hav- 
 ing unusual genius, — it was his first public service. 
 Enroute he visited the "Forks of the Ohio" and 
 was the first to call attention to its natural advan- 
 tages. The return from the Lake Erie posts 
 through the dense forests, was made in December. 
 The expedition was unsuccessful, as the French 
 were still fletermined to take possession of the 
 Ohio. When the Allegheny River was reached 
 Washington, with his guide and companion, Chris- 
 topher Gist, prominent in frontier life, found it 
 necessary to construct a raft to aid them in reach- 
 ing what was then called Shannopinstown (an 
 Indian village located several miles above the 
 "Forks,"); from here the journey was continued 
 back to Virginia. 
 
 29) 
 
uso) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The Rivers, Navigation — Actual boat building 
 at Pittsburgh, began about the year 1780. About 
 1800, several schooners and some war vessels 
 for ocean service were built. 'I'lie rixers weTe, of 
 course, na\'igated at a much earlier date. The 
 canoes of the Indians and the bateaux of the 
 French gave place to the flat, or Kentucky, boat 
 and the keel boat of tliu .\mericans. These 
 early boats were of small size. Pittsburgh was 
 the gateway to the West. The early settlers 
 crossed the Allegheny Mountain by pack horse, 
 later, Conestoga wagon, and then, stage coach; 
 upon reaching the Ohio or tributaries, the flat, 
 resembling an ark, was built and floated by the 
 current to the far West or intermediate points. 
 Whole families, including provisions, furniture 
 and live stock, floated under one roof. The jour- 
 ney down the Ohio was dangerous, on account 
 of Indians and, in places, the rough channel. The 
 old rafting days were notable for adventures — 
 sometimes a dozen large rafts of unhewn timber, 
 from the giants of the forest, could be seen at one 
 time running the tortuous ^Allegheny; when they 
 were not eciuipped with shanties, the raftsmen 
 stopped over night in old taverns, on the shore, 
 
 The Xew Orleans, the first steamboat to ply 
 the Western rivers, was built at Pittsburgh, in 181 1 , 
 under plans of Robeit Fulton, by Nicholas Roose- 
 velt, great-granduncle of President Roosevelt. 
 The wife of the builder was on board and as the 
 boat left on her way to New Orleans the whole 
 town turned out to wish lier bon voyage. Peo- 
 ple along the route thought that the boat could 
 go down stream all right but not up — Roosevelt 
 delayed his trip to prove that thev were mistaken 
 by running from Louisville to C'incinnalli and 
 return. From this time steam.boats were grad- 
 ually fleveloped, of fine ]iro])r)rtions. for passenger 
 and freight service. 
 
 About 1835 coal boats (Broadhorns) were jjuill 
 to carry coal; they were floated, lashed together 
 in pairs, and carried about fwc hundred tons. 
 Coal, to-day, is taken in large fleets, composed 
 of barges or boats, carrying in the aggregate aI)out 
 
 (i 
 
 18,000 tons and transported by a single towboat. 
 In the lower river, these fleets are increased some- 
 times to a capacity of nearly 60,000 tons, or 56 
 coal boats in one llet-t. 
 
 300,000 SEE RIVER PARADE 
 
 .\t least 300,000 persons witnessed the marine 
 pageant on the Monongahehi and Oliio rivers 
 yesterday, in connection with the sesqui-centen- 
 nial celebration. 
 
 Some estimates placed it as high as 500,000, 
 but Admiral James A. Henderson, Vice Admiral 
 \\'arren Elsey, Captain J. Frank Tilley, Captain 
 P. W. Boli and Major William H. Davis, all ex- 
 perts in sizing up crowds, agreed on the more con- 
 ser\-ative estimate of 300,000. The crowd formed 
 one of the greatest sights ever seen in Pittsburgh. 
 It certainly is not often that one has an opportunity 
 of seeing so many individuals at the same time. 
 
 The marine pageant was all that could be 
 desired. It was a drama in which the story of 
 equipment for ri\er navigation was acted out 
 with illustrations of its earliest forms to the pres- 
 ent triumphs in steam and electrical locomotions. 
 Indian canoes Avcre introduced in the first act and 
 the finale had motor boats. Intervening were 
 types of ever}- other de\"ice for ri\er na\igation. 
 
 The spectacle was given brilliance by the gaily 
 dressed crowds of excursionists on all the steamers. 
 There was music and laughter, and the whistles 
 of the steamers continually blowing salutes. It 
 was an animated, joyous spectacle. 
 
 P)Ut the crowd — thi' memorv of tliat will 
 linger long. 
 
 From Smithfield Street to Market: from Water 
 lo ihe river's edge — all one sea of faces, acres 
 of human beings packed together, yet everv one 
 of them in the best of good humor, and ever and 
 anon waving their kerchiefs at the people on the 
 boats. They say a crowd of 12,000 was assem- 
 bled in Du(|uesne garden last Mondav night, on 
 the occasion of the reception by the Mayor and 
 councils to the city's honor guests. That crowd 
 gathered at the river's edge 3-esler(lay morning, to 
 
 30 
 
CAPTAIN BIENVILLE DE CELERON, 
 
 Historical characters: Captain M. De Celeron, by Major A. J. Henderson; 
 Priest, Albert Darragh. 
 
 Courtesy Disi 
 WITH FRENCH FOLLOWERS AND INDIANS IN CANOES 
 
 Chabert De Joucaire, by G. Stockton Lehman; 
 
 l"wiirtcs\- nispatfh 
 
 INDIANS ANIi WIIU'ES IN CANOE READY FOR MARINE I'AKADi; 
 
 (132) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 OTtness the start of the parade at 1 1 o'clock, would 
 have filled about fifteen Duquesne gardens. Then 
 add to this the thousands who took up their sta- 
 tions on all the bridges crossing the river along the 
 line of the parade. And now we come to one of the 
 most interesting features in sizing up the crowd. 
 
 There are almost continuous lines of bluft's on 
 both sides of the Ohio, between Pittsburgh and 
 Davis Island dam. These were covered bv 
 spectators the entire distance. From Pittsburgh 
 to Davis Island dam is about six miles long. 
 Taking both sides into consideration, the result is 
 a crowd twelve mOes in length. If thev were to 
 stand single file in this distance, 38,000 persons 
 could be in line. Well, they didn't stand in 
 single file. They stood in bunches. — in fact, 
 one bunch, a continuous bunch on both sides of 
 the river from the Smithfield Street bridge to 
 Davis Island dam. Three hundred thousand 
 certainly is a very conservative estimate. 
 
 There also was a great crowd on the ri\er. 
 The forty-seven steamers in the parade carried in- 
 dividually from 75 to 250 e.xcursionists. It was 
 estimated by some that at least 8,000 persons took 
 part in the parade. 
 
 The great crowd of spectators, in their festi- 
 val costumes, presented an intensely interesting 
 picture. It was a variegated mass of colors. 
 
 "Look I" cried one observer. "The red, white. 
 and blue I" 
 
 And sure enough, in the direction in which he 
 was looking, the colors of the clothing worn by 
 the spectators certainly warranted the remark. 
 To some the great expanse of faces and the colors 
 of the clothes worn suggested a flower garden. 
 Nearly every observer got a different impression 
 from viewing the crowd. And ihcn wlicn all 
 those thousands upon thousands of spectators 
 began waving salutes with their white kerchiefs, 
 the scene was dazzling. This led one of the ob- 
 servers to compare the appearance of the crowd 
 then to "a choppy sea." .Although not an 
 elegant figure, it was not entirely without warrant. 
 'Call it just a sea," was suggested, "and then 
 
 (i 
 
 add that the fluttering handkerchiefs are grace- 
 fully moving whitecaps." The crowds along 
 the banks were always the most interesting sights. 
 
 The honor guests of the city were amazed, 
 almost starded by the size of the crowds. Thev 
 admitted that it formed the greatest, most inter- 
 esting spectacle they had ever seen. And the 
 greeting and salutes given to the city's guests by 
 that crowd were remarkable for their volume 
 and display of good feeling. 
 
 The oflicial party was on the flagships Henrv 
 Lourey and Duquesne, which had been lashed 
 together. The Pitt-Taylors, Mr. and Mrs. Forbes, 
 Eric Collier, Miss ^Martha Washington and Gener- 
 al S. B. M. Young, reached the wharf at 11 o'clock 
 under the escort of Mrs. James A. Henderson 
 and Mrs. Alexander Dempster, the trip from the 
 Hotel Schenley, their headquarters, to the boat 
 being made in two automobiles. By the time 
 the automobiles turned into Water Street from 
 Smithfield Street the crowd they encountered was 
 then so large that the party could get through it 
 only very slowly. Frequent stops had to be made, 
 but there was no impatience shown by the occu- 
 pants of the automobiles. The greetings they 
 got more than recompensed them for the delavs. 
 All in the part}- bowed right and left and smiled 
 time and again, as some pleasant remark was 
 directed at them. By the time the distinguished 
 visitors reached the gangplank the crowd appar- 
 ently had become well acquainted with who they 
 were, but there was not one single greetinsc or 
 remark that did not show a good will so marked 
 that the visitors just had to keep on bowing. 
 
 The visitors were deeply impressed by this 
 whole-souled demonstration on the part of the 
 crowd. The latter seemed determined that every 
 oflicial declaration of welcome should be backed 
 up in every detail. The visitors certainly can 
 rest assured of the heartiness of their welcome 
 in Pittsburgh. It was again tendered yesterday, 
 300,000 strong. 
 
 "I never before saw anything like it." said 
 Eric Collier. '•The heartiness of the Pittsburgh 
 
 .33) 
 
Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 
 ■ WASHING TO.X A.XU GIST CROSSING THE ALLEGHENY RIVER, 1753" 
 Historical characters: George Washington, by Marshall Henderson; Christopher Gist, by William Well 
 
 INDIANS IN CANOE 
 The Indians were a big feature of the Marine Parade 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 (134) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 spirit is remarkable. It tills you with a feeling 
 of kinship the moment you encounter it. You 
 just cannot help being glad tliat ynu are in Pitts- 
 burgh. Everybody here seems to be o\xTflo\ving 
 with good will. 
 
 '■ We see nothing like the heartiness of the Pitts- 
 burgh spirit in England. There the feeling is 
 more reserved. Here it catches you right up and 
 takes you with it. Our stay here has been made 
 so pleasant in an official way that the members 
 of our party are talking of staying in the city for 
 another week as private visitors. We want to 
 learn more of this wonderful Pittsburgh, want to 
 have time to look long on it anrl think." 
 
 "Wonderful! Wonderful I" was the comment 
 of Miss Hester Louise Pitt-Taylor. 
 
 Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor has developed into 
 a regular Pittsburgher. She talks of local insti- 
 tutions in a way that shows her keen interest in 
 the things she sees, and while on the trip yester- 
 day she carried a camera and took snap shots of 
 scenes along the route. 
 
 There was deep impressi\-eness in a comment 
 made by Miss Martha Washington as the steamer 
 was passing the Point. She had been observing 
 the crowds and scenery along the way, and almost 
 unconsciously these words fell from her lips: 
 
 "Truly a great and wonderful city." 
 
 It was a graceful pronouncement of the ful- 
 fillment of the prediction made long ago by her 
 noted relative, George Wasliington, tliat "the 
 Forks of the Ohio" would some time be the site 
 of a great city. 
 
 -Vrthur Forbes took great interest in a descrip- 
 tion of the features about the Point by Congress- 
 man W. H. Graham. "It was there that your 
 relative (General Forbes) landed," or "your rela- 
 tive walked about on the spot," were some of the 
 announcements of Mr. Graham. Mrs. Forbes, 
 at her liusband's elbow, showed efjual interest in 
 the description. 
 
 General Young has not been a resident of 
 Pittsburgh since 1861, when he went to the war, 
 but he said yesterday, as the boat was gliding 
 
 (1 
 
 gracefully along its way, that he still felt as if he 
 were a good Pittsburgher, for he found every- 
 thing about the city so full of interest to him. 
 
 It is not enough to say that the great spectacle 
 of yesterday was a river pageant. It was more. 
 It was an outing, a picnic, a series of interesting 
 social functions. On practically every steamer 
 were parties, luncheons, or family outings, which 
 only enhanced the enjoyment of the parade. 
 Officers of many of the steamers had given their 
 vessels up almost entirely to their friends. In 
 many ways it was a series of lloating social func- 
 tions, although the democratic spirit reigned 
 over it all, and there was no one who did not ha\-e 
 a good time. Everybody appeared to be trying to 
 make ever3'body else enjoy himself. It was an 
 ideal day, an ideal occasion, and an ideal success. 
 
 Mrs. James A. Henderson, Chairman of the 
 Ladies' Marine Reception Committee, and the 
 other members, ^Nlrs. Alexander Dempster, iMrs. 
 Warren Elsey, ^^Irs. Thomas M. Rees, ^Irs. George 
 M. Lehman and Mrs. II. M. Xewcomer, were in 
 charge of the social program of the flagships. 
 They handled it in a way that demonstrated their 
 good judgment as well as their skill, for they 
 saw to it that the other guests had a chance to 
 meet the distinguished visitors from abroad, 
 and tlic merriest, heartiest of good-will pre\-ai]ed 
 throughout. 
 
 Mrs. Guthrie, wife of Mayor Guthrie, Mrs. 
 W. H. Stevenson. Mrs. William Farrar, Mrs. 
 Samuel A. Amnion, and others aided in promoting 
 the social spirit. Mayor Guthrie, Congressmen 
 Dalzcll, Burke and Graham, Dr. J. A. Hrashear, 
 W. H, Stevenson, II. W. Xeely. Alexander 
 Dempster, George M. Lehman. J. l-'nink Tilley, 
 .\dmiral Henderson and \'ice-.\dmiral Elsey also 
 contributed much to the success of the occasion. 
 
 It is perhaps due entirely to the very careful 
 policing of the water front that no accidents 
 occurred there by pushing or jamming. Super- 
 intendent of Police McQuaide was personally in 
 charge, but the police were under the direct man- 
 agement of In>|)ictor Lawrence Bartley. Super- 
 
 35) 
 
(i36) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 intendent and Mrs. McQuaidc and Director and 
 Mrs. Lang were with the party on the flagships. 
 
 Buffet luncheons were served on all the steamers. 
 On the flagships the official party, which spent 
 considerable of its time in the pilot room of the 
 Duquesne, where it could command an excellent 
 view of the parade and the scenery along the way, 
 went to luncheon in the following order: General 
 Young and Mrs. Guthrie, ^liss Pitt-Taylor and 
 Mayor Guthrie, Miss Madeline Hester Pitt- 
 Taylor and James Francis Burke, Mr. Forbes 
 and Mrs. Elsey, Mrs. Forbes and Congressman 
 Graham, Miss Washington and Congressman 
 Dalzell, Mrs. Henderson and Dr. Brashear, Eric 
 Collier and Miss Anna Stevenson. 
 
 It was indeed a pretty picture that greeted the 
 crowds when they began gathering at the river 
 front yesterday morning. Forty-seven steamers, 
 all gaily decorated with the Stars and Stripes, and 
 city colors and pennants, were tied up along the 
 wharf. Their clean, white color furnished a 
 splendid background for the streaming decora- 
 tions. Many brass bands were in ser\dce on the 
 steamers, and they speedily keyed the spirits of 
 the crowd to a pitch of enthusiasm by playing 
 patriotic and popular airs. The sun was shining 
 sufficiently to drive away the chill of the early 
 morning and cause beams to dance over the water. 
 The whole atmosphere was that of a great regatta. 
 Swifdy-plying little motor boats and dispatch 
 boats were hurrying in and out among the larger 
 vessels delivering orders. The whisties were 
 blowing continually. 
 
 Cheers went up from the great crowd shordy 
 before 12 o'clock, when they saw the Indians in 
 their canoes set out from in the vicinity of the 
 Smithfield Street bridge. That was the signal that 
 the parade had started. The Indian canoes, the 
 first style of water craft were furnishing a basis 
 from which the development of the other vessels 
 could be followed. There were thirty of the Corn- 
 planter Indians of the Warren County reservation 
 in the canoes, with Chief Thomas W. Jacobs, a 
 descendant of old Chief Cornplanter, at their head. 
 
 (i 
 
 Just before starting in the parade the Indians 
 gave an exhibition war dance on a coal flat, to the 
 great delight of all who \ntnessed it. There 
 were many other "Indians" in the parade who 
 were not Cornplanters, but they were expert 
 canoeists. 
 
 Following the Indian fleet came other canoes, 
 in which were men attired to represent La Salle, 
 de Celeron, French traders and Indians. The 
 next in the historical line was a raft on which were 
 George Washington and Christopher Gist. Fol- 
 lowing them were pioneers traveling westw'ard 
 in a flatboat. Another interesting feature was an 
 old-fasliioned raft of rough timbers, on which 
 several persons were riding. Xext came the old 
 steamer, the New Orleans, the first steamboat 
 to ply the western rivers. She was built in Pitts- 
 burgh in 181 1, under plans of Robert Fulton, by 
 Nicholas Roosc\-elt, a great-granduncle of former 
 President Roosevelt. Afterward came coal-boats, 
 a fleet of modern canoes, towboats of the present 
 day, dredgeboats and sanddiggers and motor boats. 
 
 Practically aU the steamers that got into line 
 were lashed together, as follows: I. C. Woodward 
 and Columbia, Sunshine, Glcanor and Boaz, 
 Ed. Roberts and Tom Dodsworth, Raymond 
 Horner and Alice Brown, Crescent and Monitor, 
 Rival and Volunteer, Rover and J. C. Risher, 
 Charley Clarke and Dave \\'ood, G. ^^^ Thomas 
 and A. R. Budd, Henry A. Lauglilin and B. F. 
 Jones, Jr., Titan and \'esta, Braddock and Jun- 
 iata, Clyde and Volcano, T. P. Roberts and Slack- 
 water. W. C. Jutte and P. M. Pfeil, Bertha and 
 Crusader, Carbon and Clipper, H. P. Dilworth 
 and John F. Klein, Lee H. Brooks and Diamond, 
 Leader and ^^■. T. Smoot, Ella B. 
 
 After the principal part of the parade liad passed 
 in front of the reviewing vessels the flagships 
 Henry Lourey and Duquesne s\\amg in ahead of 
 tlic rest and steamed down toward Davis Island 
 dam. After reaching there its return was of a 
 triumphal nature. By that time the other 
 steamers were ncaring the end of the journey, 
 and one pair after another, as they were met, blew 
 
 37) 
 
Courtesy Post 
 KARLV SKTTLKRS OX HOUSKBOAT (FLATBOAT), TRAVELING WEST IN MARINE PAl^VDE 
 
 Courtesy Leader 
 KARLV SETTLERS AND HISTORICAL CHARACTERS READY FOR MARINE PARADE 
 
 (138) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 salute to the tlagships. This was kept up prac- 
 tically to the end of the return trip. It was a 
 continuous round of salutation. 
 
 After the men who had represented the his- 
 torical characters in the parade had completed 
 their trip to the dam they boarded the flagships 
 where an impromptu reception was held for them. 
 The guests of the cit}' were greatly interested in 
 the historical features of the parade. 
 
 While the parade was passing the Western 
 penitentiary many of the prisoners were able to 
 view it. Warden Johnston had issued orders 
 that they might stand on the tiers facing the Ohio 
 river to get a view of the boats. Shortly before the 
 boats reached the spot the prisoners took up their 
 stations, and they cheered enthusiastically while 
 the pageant was passing. Som.e of the prisoners 
 used opera glasses and others had field glasses- 
 
 The parade was ended shortly after 4 o'clock. 
 It was pronounced the greatest event of the kind 
 ever held in this city. The nearest approach to 
 it in the line of drawing a crowd was the dedica- 
 tion of Davis Island dam, in 1885. Admiral 
 Henderson said that the crowd yesterday was 
 about seven times as large as that at the dedica- 
 tion of the dam. 
 
 HONOR GUESTS ON FLAGSHIP 
 DUQUESNE 
 
 When the flagships Ducjuesne and Henry 
 Lourey backed out and took their places in the 
 line fully 50,000 persons on shore gave the Chau- 
 tauqua salute. Everybody who had a handker- 
 chief wa\-ed it, those on the flagships responding 
 to the greeting. It was a glorious sight. 
 
 Mayor Guthrie, who was entertaining the 
 honored guests. Miss Hester Pitt-Taylor, Miss 
 .Madeline Pitt-Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur 
 Forbes, Miss Martha Washington and General 
 S. B. M. Young, called their attention to the glo- 
 rious sight on shore. 
 
 Everything passed f)ff like clockwork, but then 
 the entire affair was in the hands of experienced 
 navigators. When the flagship reached the head 
 
 (i 
 
 of Brunot's Island dense crowds were lined along 
 both banks of the river and every floating craft 
 was occupied by thousands who took possession 
 of them all along the shore. 
 
 Thousands also lined the hilltops and the tops 
 of buildings which afforded advantageous places 
 for witnessing the marine pageant. 
 
 During the voyage to Davis Island dam the 
 boats kept continually whistling and the noise 
 was such that many fell victims to headache. 
 
 During luncheon Captain Elsey was given a 
 rousing reception by the guests on the Duquesne. 
 
 .\s he entered the cabin some one proposed three 
 cheers and a tiger, which were given with a will. 
 
 Commodore Charles Painter, owner of the 
 yacht Wauneta, used his boat as a patrol for the 
 United States Government. 
 
 It was 10:50 o'clock when the city's guests of 
 honor arrived on board the Duquesne. The 
 party was brought to the wharf in automobiles. 
 Immediately upon the arrival they were taken to 
 the pilot house of the boat. 
 
 Those who composed the pilot house party 
 were the honor guests and ^Mayor and Mrs. Guth- 
 rie, Mrs. James A. Henderson, Burd S. Patterson, 
 Congressman James Francis Burke, Congress- 
 man W. H. Graham, Congressman John Dalzell, 
 Mrs. WDliam Farrar, Mrs. T. M. Morton, Mrs. 
 -Alexander Dempster, ^Irs. Thomas M. Rces, 
 J\Irs. Warren Elsey, and Mrs. George M. Lehman. 
 
 Among the prominent citizens aboard the flag- 
 ship were: Judge Thomas D. Carnahan, George 
 W. Thciss, president Monongahela River Con- 
 solidated Coal and Coke Co., which owns 
 many of the boats in the pageant; Captain W. 
 Harry Brown, W. S. Brown, W. H. Neely, Judge 
 J. J. 'Miller, Judge J. W. Over, Dr. C. C. Wylie, 
 H. J. Heinz, Congressman John Dal/.ell, Alexan- 
 der Dempster, W. C. Shaw, John Swan, Jr., 
 John A. Brashear, John B. Logan. W. II. Steven- 
 son, C. E. E. Childers, Dr. J. P. Shaw, Congress- 
 man W. H. Graham, Director of the Department 
 of Public Safety Edward G. Lang, Superintendent 
 of Police Thomas A. McQuaide, ShcrilT Addison 
 
 39) 
 
.Jg- 
 
 to 
 
 is 
 
 
 i- = vi 
 
 -a o ^ 
 
 I =< 
 
 ^- ^- to 
 
 I-H 
 
 Ca( 
 
 o C ^ 
 
 .^ £ '1! 
 
 
 C/3 
 
 ' c " 
 ! •- -3 
 
 ^::^K 
 
 ^CJ ° 
 
 - E S" 
 
 c'-J 
 
 (140) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Gumbcrt, Captain Isaac B. Williams, R. H. Boggs. 
 J. W. Barber, W. S. Scott, G. \V. C. Johnston, A. 
 Leo Weil, R. W. (iuthrie, Leslie Graham, A. M. 
 Imbrie, Burd S. Patterson, J. W. Marsh, J- !>• 
 Grimes, Chancellor S. B. McCormick, Thomas 
 M. Walker, C. C. Scaife, Congressman James 
 Francis Burke, J. W. Beatty , Thomas J. Haw- 
 kins, J. P. Anderson, A. A. Hamerschlag, Thomas 
 F. Eark, Sr. 
 
 G. W. C. Johnston, Mrs. WOliam Thaw, Jr., 
 Mrs. James I. Kay, Mrs. Thomas M. Walker, 
 Mrs. C. C. Wiley and Miss Wiley, ^Irs. Albert 
 Mackey, Mrs. J. F. Tilley and daughters, Mrs. 
 W. H. .Stevenson, Mrs, H. D. Scully, Mrs. D. A. 
 Wilbert, Mrs. J. M. Milliken, ^Irs. A. Leo Weil, 
 Miss ■Mary Over, Mrs. James Francis Burke, 
 Mrs. J. W. Beatty, ^Irs. Thomas McQuaide, 
 Mrs. Edward G. Lang, Mrs. William Farrar, 
 
 Courtesy of Gazette-Times 
 KAkLV SKTTLERS OX KI.ATBOAT READV FOR TIIK NFAKIXK I'ARADK 
 
 .\mong the prominent women aboard the llag- -Mrs. George T. Gregg, Mrs. Marshall Henderson, 
 ship were: Mrs. Samuel A. .Ammon, Mrs. Joseph Mrs. George W. Henderson, Mrs. Alexander J. 
 
 W. Marsh, Miss Bculah E. Kennard, Mrs. Warren 
 Elsey, Mrs. R. II. I'.oggs, Mr>. John F. Steel, 
 Mrs. Warren Fairbanks, Mrs. E. '1\ Cassidy, Mrs. 
 S. B. McCormick, Mrs. William Mctcalf, Miss 
 Eleanor Stevenson, Mrs. .\. C. Ferguson, Mrs. 
 
 (141) 
 
 Henderson, Mrs. Richard .Armstrong, Miss A. 
 
 Hawkins. .Mrs. ]. 
 Hamerschlag. Mr>. 
 Mrs. J. M. Shield>, 
 Charles \'oighl. 
 
 I ), ("arnahan. Mrs. A. A. 
 J. !•;. Morgan of New York, 
 Mrs. llarrv I lornbergcr, Mrs. 
 
INDIANS LINING UP FOR MARINE PARADE 
 
 (_ ^r.rlL -V Sun 
 
 (142) 
 
Courtesy Post 
 
 CANOE FLEET OF WHITES, INDIANS AND NEAR INDIANS IX MARINE PARADE 
 
 Cour:esy Dispatch 
 
 IIJ.I.I o| Mi.DKRN CANOES WHICH WAS IN MARINI-; PARADE 
 
 (143) 
 
Courtesy Gazette-Times 
 
 CROWD OX OLD FERRY WAITING FOR MARIXE PARADE 
 
 Courtesy T)ispaich 
 
 STEAMER l;i).\/ IN MARINE TARADE. WEDXESI )A^". SKI' ri.M I'.I.R .:. 1908 
 
 (14O 
 
CROWD ON OLD FERRY, WATCHING MARINE PARADE 
 
 Coxirtesy Dispatch 
 
 PART OF THE MAKiXK I'ARAlJh — T\\ ( ) STtAMBuAIS LASHED Tui. ETHER 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 (145) 
 
X 
 
 y. 
 
 y. 
 
 (14OJ 
 
(i47) 
 
GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY 
 
 THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1908 
 
 H. D. \V. EVGLISH, Chairman of Committee 
 
 S. B. M. YOUNG, Lieutenant-General, United States Army, retired, Chief Marshal, Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade. 
 
 JOHN P. PENNEY, Colonel National Guard Pennsylvania, Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. 
 
 Aides: Lieutenant-Colonel S. W. Jeileris, Major Harry G. Koerner, Major William O. McXary, ^Llj()r C. C. 
 Wiley, Captain Ralj^h E. Elinn, Captain Harry B. Bunting, Lieutenant Curtis Hu.ssey. 
 
 WEST POINT C.\DETS, .UDES TO LIEUTEX.\NT-GE.\ER.\L S. B. M. YOUNG 
 
 Cadet, .\lbert H. .Vchier, United States Military Academy; Cadet Robert W. Clark, United States Military Academy; Cadet Kenneth 
 B. Harmon, United States Military Academy; Cadet Joseph C. Morrow, Jr., United States Military Academy; Cadet Paul Sorg 
 Reinecke, United States Military Academy; Cadet John. W. Stewart, United States Military Academy; Cadet John R. Walker, United 
 States Military Academy; Cadet Maurice D. Wclty. United States Military Academy; Cadet John May McDowell, United States 
 
 Military Academy. 
 
 Mr. Edward Abel, Mr. J. H. Hair, Mr. D. P. Black, Mr. W. H. Brown, Col. Samuel Harden Church. Capl. James A. Henderson, 
 Mr. John B. Jackson, Mr. A. J Kelly, Jr., Mr. S. C. Long, Mr. Joseph W. Marsh, Hon. J. J. Miller, Col. Chambers McKibben, 
 Mr. Henry McKnight, Mr. John H. Rickelson, Jr., Dr. C. P. Seip, Mr. E. Z. Smith, Mr. F. J. Torrance, Mr. A. Leo Weil. 
 
 (148) 
 
COLON'EL JOH\ P. PEXXEV 
 Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff 
 
 COL. CHAMBERS McKIBBEN 
 Aid lo Lieuienant-General S. B. M. Young 
 
 MAJOR HARRY G. KOERNER 
 Aid to Licutenant-Oencral S. B. M. Young 
 
 (M9) 
 
 MAJOR C. C. WILEY 
 Aid lo Lieulcnant-Gcncral S. H. NL ^'ou^g and Chief 
 of Mi-dical Staff 
 
DAVID P. BI-ACK 
 Aid to Lieutenant-Gencral S. B. M. Young 
 
 JOSEPH \V. MARSH 
 Aid to Liculenaiit-General S. B. M. Young 
 
 COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
 Aid to Lieutenant-General S. li. M. Young 
 
 (150) 
 
 I-RAXCIS J. T(JRRA.\CE 
 Aid to l.iculenaiit-GcncTal S. li. M. Young 
 
Ct5t; 
 
f1?~« 
 
 *^N*^^^ 
 
 COLONEL FRANK 1. RL'TLF.DGE 
 i8th ReKimcnt, N. G. P. 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL J. E. McXARY 
 iSlh Regiment, N. G. P. 
 
 V 
 
 MAJOR L. A. ANSHUTZ 
 Marshal, Hktorical Division of Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
 (152) 
 
 MAJOR K. L. KEARNS 
 i8th Regiment, N. G. P. 
 
053) 
 
U54) 
 
('55) 
 
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1908 
 
 GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY 
 
 H. D. W. ENCILISH, Chairman 
 
 Thursday, October i, igo8, was Greater Pitts- 
 burgh Day. It was intended to celebrate the 
 union of Allegheny with Pittsburgh and the crea- 
 tion of the Greater City. 
 
 The Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee was 
 composed of about two hundred members and 
 divided into numerous subcommittees, each of 
 which did efficient work. The Chairman of the 
 Committee, Mr. H. D. W. English, proved himself 
 a most efficient executive and much credit is due 
 him for the great success of the parade. During 
 his temporary absence for several weeks his place 
 was most ably filled by Colonel John P. Penney. 
 
 Wlien the celebration was first discussed by the 
 Executive Committee, Mr.E. N. Bigelow suggested 
 that the land parade should exclude the ordinary 
 wagons and purely advertising devices. Later, 
 Major William H. Davis, Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on iNIilitary and Parade, submitted a plan 
 for the parade which was adopted by the Execu- 
 tive Committee, and which with some modifications 
 suggested by the Plan and Scope Committee, of 
 which Albert York Smith, one of the most useful 
 workers for the celebration, was chairman, was 
 carried out most efficiently by the Greater Pitts- 
 burgh Day Committee. The last committee 
 made excellent regulations, which, only succeeded 
 in having observed after much opposition. The 
 idea was to have a beautiful and instructive parade, 
 not too large, which should illustrate the growth 
 of the city from the beginning in all lines. In this 
 complete success was achieved. The advertising 
 feature was almost eliminated from the sixty fioats 
 every one of which was a work of art. All the 
 men, women and children in the parade wore 
 artistic dress and each organization was repre- 
 sented by a picked body. 
 
 (i 
 
 The order of parade was as follows: 
 
 Platoon of mounted police. 
 
 S. B. !M. Young, Lieutenant-Gcncral United States 
 .■\rniy, retired, Chief Marshal. 
 
 John P. Penney, Colonel National Guard Pennsylvania, 
 
 .\djutant- General and Chief of Stall. 
 
 Thirty-four mounted aides, including nine cadets from 
 the United States Military Academy. 
 
 Escort. — Eighteenth Regiment, National Guard Penn- 
 sylvania; Fourteenth Regiment, National Guard Penn- 
 sylvania; Battery B, National Guard Pennsylvania. 
 
 Guests of the City. — Eight carriages containing: Vice- 
 President Charles W. Fairbanks; Governor Edwin S. 
 Stuart, Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. Murphy, escorted 
 by !Mayor George W. Guthrie; H. D. W. English, Chair-' 
 man of the Greater Pittsburgh Day CommittcCjWilliam H. 
 Stevenson, Chairman of the E.xecutive Committee, and 
 others. 
 
 First Division. — Greater Pittsburgh Legislation — Four- 
 teen carriages containing Ex-Governor Samuel W. 
 Pcnnypacker, Ex-Governor William A. Stone, and 
 ]5ublic oflicials and others connected with the Greater 
 Pittsburgh Legislation. 
 
 Float No. I.- — Greater Pittsburgh — Symbolizing the 
 
 growth of the city from 1785 to date. 
 
 Second Division. — The City of Pittsburgh — Edward G. 
 Lang, Director of the Department of Public Safety, 
 Marshal; Captain Harry Fowler, Adjutant; twelve aides, 
 color bearer with (lag of Pittsburgh and two outriders. 
 
 Float No. 2. — Typifying the City of Pittslnirgli. Father 
 Pitt, Lil)erty and Justice; the float decorated with panels 
 representing the various city departments. 
 
 The Public Safety Department Section was hi-acU-d 
 by representatives of the bureau of police, followed by 
 others of tiie bureau of fire and bureau of health. The 
 men and vehicles showed the history of progress in the 
 various departments since the earliest days of the city. 
 Next was the section of the Department of Public Works, 
 followed by 
 
 Float No. 3. — Symbolizing the bureau of parks, and 
 Floats 4 and 5, showing the work of the city playgrounds. 
 
 56) 
 
Courtesy Dispatch 
 CD. I, EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT, COMING THROUGH ARCH AT LIBERTY STREET 
 This Company is composed mostly of ex-regulars, United States Army 
 
 J 
 
 EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT 
 Madera fine showing in the Sesqui-Centennial Parade; Captain M. A. Smith, Company H, leading 
 
 (157) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Third Division. — Historical — Lewis A. Anshutz, Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel National Gui.rd Pennsylvania, ^Marshal, 
 Captain James P. ^NfcNally, Chief of Staff; seventeen 
 aides; Cornplanter Indians. 
 
 Float No. 6. — Washington and Gist crossing the Alle- 
 gheny River, 1753. Scotch pipers and drummers in full 
 Highland regalia. 
 
 Float No. 7. — Representing the raising of the British 
 Flag upon the ruins of I'ort Duqucsne in 1758; General 
 Forbes and Andrew Carnegie; colonial and highland 
 soldiers and drummer boy; One hundred Clansmen, 
 each wearing tartan of his particular chin. 
 
 Float No. 8. — The French and Indian War. Float 
 No. 9.— The Early Settlers. Float No. 10.— The Pontiac 
 War. Float No. 11. — The Wars of 1776 and 1812. 
 Veterans' Organization Float No. 12, representing the army 
 of 1861-65. Float No. 13. — Representing the Navy of the 
 Civil War; fac-simile of gunboat Pittsburgh, historical 
 cannon, saved by people of Pittsburgh from being sent 
 South just before the Civil War; drum corps of Civil War 
 veterans; eleven carriages containing Colonel Henry M. 
 Nevius, Commander-in-Chief G. .A. R., and other veteran 
 representatives of Military Order of Loyal Legion; Grand 
 Army of the Republic; Allegheny County Grand Army 
 .Association; Union Veteran Legion and Society of e.x- 
 Prisoncrs of War. Float No. 14. — United States Navy 
 Recruiting Station at Pittsburgh, representing modern 
 battleships. 
 
 Fourth Division. — Uniformed Semi-military and Fra- 
 ternal Societies, H. P. Bope, Colonel Third Regiment 
 Boys' Brigade, Marshal; T. W. Dana, Captain Boys' 
 Brigade, .Adjutant ; Sixteen .Aides. Escort — Tiiird Regiment 
 Boys' Brigade Band, Washington Infantry, Third Regiment 
 Boys' Brigade, Eiglith Regiment Boys' Brigade, Duqucsne 
 Grays, St. John's Cadets, Heath Zouaves, Voeghtly Cadets, 
 Irish Volunteers, Knights of Pythias, Si.xth Reginaent, 
 Second Regiment, Knights of iJie Golden Eagle. 
 
 Float No. 15. — Catholic Mutual Benefit As.sociation 
 "The Cross and Crown"; Knights of the Maccabees, 
 ''Bcrsajliari La Mamara, " '" Regia Marina'' Polish 
 Hussars, St. Hedwig Society, St. Michael's Society, St. 
 Anthony's Society, Knights Hussars. 
 
 Float No. 16. — Woodmen of the World. Symbol- 
 izing the work of the order. 
 
 Float No. 17. — Protected Home Circle Fraternal In- 
 surance — Protection symbolized by eagle and its young; 
 Knights ot Pythias; Pittsburgh Company No. 39 Grand 
 United Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Fifth Division. — Educational Interests — Dr. John .A. 
 Brashear, Honorary J^Iarshal; Professor J. C. Fetterman; 
 University of Pittsburgh, commanding University Division, 
 -Adjutant; aides, one hundred boys from grade schools 
 representing elementary schools. 
 
 Float No. iS. — Portraying the beginning of education 
 in Western Pennsylvania — The log school house ; one 
 hundred high school scholars representing secondary 
 schools. 
 
 Float No. 19. — "Education and Labor"; one hundred 
 men from Carnegie Technical Schools representing tech- 
 nical education. 
 
 Float No. 20. — "Higher Education." The buildings 
 of the proposed University of Pittsburgh surrounded by 
 figures in cap and gown representing the various profes- 
 sions; one hundred men from the University of Pitts- 
 burgh representing "Higher Education." 
 
 Sixth Division. — Labor Interests — Major Alexander 
 J. Henderson, Marshal; W. T. Hamilton, Brotherhood 
 of Railroad Trainmen, adjutant; aides. 
 
 Float No. 21. — Trainmen 's Organizations — A passen- 
 ger train with a crew of ten men ; two hundred men in 
 official railroad uniforms representing the Brotherhood 
 of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Firemen and Engineers; Order of Railway Conductors 
 and Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. 
 
 Float No. 22. — United Labor League — " Knowledge 
 is Power." 
 
 Float No. 23. — Carpenters Union — Carpenters at 
 work . 
 
 Float Xo. 24. — Bricklayers Union — Representatives 
 ot the union constructing walls, columns and arches. 
 
 Float No. 25. — Plumbers Association — A coniplele 
 ujj-to-date bathroom and old pumjis, representing the 
 l)lumbing of 1758. 
 
 Float No. 26. — Sheet Metal Workers Association — 
 .A modern sheet metal shoj). Butchers -Association twenty 
 cowboys, two hundred butchers uniformed and mounted. 
 
 Seventh Division. — Manufacturing Interests — Charles 
 J. Graham, Marshal; John H. Niebaum, Adjutant; six- 
 teen aides, fifteen tloats; (of dilTercnt manufacturing firms, 
 preceded by lloat of Manufacturers Committee represent- 
 ing the iron and steel and allied industries. 
 
 Eighth Division. — Commerce and Transportation — 
 F. R. Babcock, Marshal; fifty seven aides; The Penn- 
 .sylvania Railroad System; two hundred men in Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad System overall uniform and leather cap. 
 
 (158) 
 
A PART OF THE 14TH REGIMKXT 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 FLAG OF HEATH ZOUAVES 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 (159) 
 
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL S. B. M. YOUNG 
 
 WEST POINT CADETS 
 Aids to Lieutcnant-General S. H. M. Young 
 
 (i6o) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Float No. 43. — TIk' Pennsyhania Railroad System 
 bringing the products of the munlry to Pittsljurgh. 
 
 Float Xo. 44. — The Pennsylvania Railroad System — 
 A steel plant bordering on the river with railroad trains, 
 steamboat and barges; old time stage coach used one hun- 
 dred years ago on Philadelphia and Pittsinirgh turnpike. 
 
 Si.xteen floats representing commercial firms, associated 
 banks, florists' club, Flour and Feed E.xchange, Lumber 
 Dealers Association, Central District and Printing, Tele- 
 graph Company, &c. 
 
 Each of tlic iloats in tliu parude was accom- 
 panied by not more than one hundred men in 
 uniform, with four to forty horses caparisoned 
 with Pittsburdi colors. There were also many 
 bands of music. 
 
 BEAUTIFUL FLOATS OF CITY'S 
 INDUSTRY 
 
 "Pageant'' in all the glory, in all the art, and 
 in all the splendor the word implies, is the mightiest 
 descriptiye of the English language that can be 
 applied to the float diyision of the parade, and yet 
 eyen that is tame in an effort to conyey in cold 
 type the magnificence of this feature. 
 
 The display of the industrial floats represented 
 a great expenditure of money, and was the result 
 of artistic ingenuity and heayy labor in construc- 
 tion. In all, they were the highest type of success- 
 ful portrayal of the city's business and industry, 
 placed before the hunrlreds of thousands of specta- 
 tors in a manner that charmed and educated. 
 
 One who has been pri\ileged to witness indus- 
 trial, political, carniyal and yarious centennial 
 parades for a quarter of a century in yarious parts 
 of the country is authoritv that nevLT lia^ the 
 beauty, nor the magnitude of the subjects been 
 surpassed, and fre(|ucntly hardly ecjualed, than 
 that upon which Pillsljurgh was priyileged to look 
 yesterday. 
 
 Carried out in every infinitesimal delail, the 
 floats caused many expressions of amazement, and 
 almost awe, all along the line, while this almost 
 immediately gave |)lace to bursts of applause, aug- 
 mented by the bl()\ving of h(irn> and the ringing of 
 
 (i 
 
 bells. As the division of floats advanced, the hand- 
 clapping that followed it could be heard for blocks, 
 until it died away on the breeze, a mere ripple. 
 
 It would take the writer several days to ade- 
 quately describe and do justice to every float in 
 the parade, but the strength and splendor of a 
 few of them are of interest to everybody. 
 
 ^lost typical of Pittsburgh, and one that few 
 dreamed could be produced for a moving stage, 
 was that of the steel industry. A huge Bessemer 
 steel converter, belching forth its flames while the 
 big muscled steel workers were placed about it, 
 was carried out with precision. It was a perfect 
 representation, and there was much action in the 
 piece. For size it was somewhat modified from 
 the actual converter, and the colorings of the work 
 were most perfect. The stream of sparks that 
 poured from the big steel kettle seemed almost to 
 set fire to the spot where they fell. The workmen 
 with their tools moved about the huge cauldron, 
 and it seemed every minute as if five hundred tons 
 of molten steel would engulf the platform upon 
 which it was built. The Jones & Lauglilin Steel 
 Company were sponsors for this display, and their 
 efforts for the success of Greater Pittsburgh Day 
 were no less appreciated by the spectators than 
 many others. 
 
 A no^•el conception for a display of the building 
 and house mo\-ing industry was presented by John 
 Eichleay, Jr., Company. .-\n e.xact counterpart 
 of a mansion being raised 168 feet and moved back 
 from its foundations five hundred feet was carried 
 on a float. The house was that of Captain S. S. 
 Brown, an actual contract the company carried 
 out some linu' ago. .\t the time the engineering 
 feat was pictured in illustrated papers throughout 
 the world. The model was true to actual condi- 
 tions and was applauded with vigor, especially by 
 those who had seen tlie house, supported by its 
 huge i)iles of lemjiorary timbers, after it had 
 been raised. 
 
 The float that appealed to the feminine heart, 
 tlu' one that was greeted with home-like expres- 
 sions and (beers from tlie lireside. was that of the 
 
 61) 
 

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 ('62) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 
 
 H. J. Heinz Company. Known throughout the 
 world as the home of this company's products, it 
 was most appropriate that the thirty horses, led 
 two abreast, should bear the figures "57" on the 
 black and yellow saddle cloths they wore. The 
 float was a climax of gorgeousness. Brightly 
 gowTied young women and temptingly colored 
 fruits and vegetables abounded here. The symbol 
 was Ceres, the Goddess of Plenty, surrounded by 
 her handmaindens presenting to Miss Pittsburgh 
 the fruits of the field, while in turn the lady was 
 distributing the food products to the nations of the 
 world. On either side of Ceres' throne was a 
 huge gilded Horn of Plenty, from out of which 
 rolled magnificent representations of luscious fruits 
 and vegetaljles. while Pomona and Carpo came 
 bearing their baskets. 
 
 The float was of staff and ornate with plants, 
 flowers, and rich rugs and furnishings. It was 
 thirty-six feet long and thirty feet high, the whole 
 preceded by heralds in costume that trumpeted 
 the approach of this division. Much comment 
 was heard everywhere on the ingenuity displayed 
 in the whole scheme. 
 
 Beauty in the industries was again demon- 
 stratefl in the float of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass 
 Company. Here was the symbol of the industry 
 in all its many features. The Glass King was 
 seated on a throne of glass over which extended a 
 canopy composed of various articles of glass in 
 man\' colors. From an oNerturned furnace molten 
 glass was flowing in a stream, while the finished 
 product was represented by a cjuad of magnificent 
 mirrors before which stood, clad in classic Greek 
 costume, the eternal feminine. 
 
 And bathtubs, what beauty or science or art 
 can there be in this plebeian article of the house- 
 hold! The fiuestion was solved by the Standard 
 Sanitary Manufacturing Company in two floats. 
 The first portrayed the old stone well with its 
 moss-covered bucket. Xear by was a tub made 
 by hollowing out a big tree stum]). Every detail 
 even to the irregular flat stones about the well, and 
 the moss on the stones and bucket was carried out. 
 
 (i 
 
 This was the bath of early days. The second float 
 was a display of the modern bathroom and lav- 
 atory, with the handsome white procelain and 
 nickel trimmings. The furnishings of the float, 
 with the wares, was a harmonious arrangement of 
 white and delicate shades, that was far removed 
 from any thought of smoke and grime of an indus- 
 trial center. 
 
 The delight of the small boy, hundreds of which 
 swarmed about to "get a handout," was the ice 
 cream-making plant on the float of the Ohio and 
 Pittsburgh Milk Company. A gasoline engine 
 supplied the motive power that turned out the 
 cream, while men filled small cones and handed 
 them out to the kiddies. 
 
 Cold in its appearance, but a warm spot in the 
 sentiment of the parade, was that of the Con- 
 solidated Ice Companv. An arctic scene pictured 
 the ice formed by nature as compared with the 
 purity of artificial ice as manufactured to-day. 
 
 The huge polar bear is about to spring upon an 
 explorer who raises his gun and fires. On tlie four 
 corners of the canopy above the ice field were 
 placed immaculate Teddy bears, that delighted 
 the eye and created envy and desire in the hearts 
 of the youngsters along the line of the parade. 
 
 House cleaning too, what can there be to make 
 a show of, in house cleaning? Modern inventive 
 ingenuity has made a novel display possible. The 
 Electric Renovator Company had Cinderella in a 
 chimney corner — the house cleaner of former days 
 — while the vacuum cleaner run by a motor was 
 shown in contrast. One of lliese machines had 
 the air rewrsed, and from a double nozzle tlirew 
 confetti ()\er the multitude, along the curb, to the 
 great amusement of those who escaped il. The 
 process was demonstrated by the machine taking 
 up the fine cut pajier from the rug-co\-ered floor 
 of the float. 
 
 Covering the Ijroaik'sl field \n the hislor\- and the 
 industrial ])n)gress of the city was the display of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. Marvelous in the ex- 
 treme that a railroad should have anything of the 
 spectacular, yet wonder is surpassed by the sight 
 
 63) 
 
Court e>v Oazettc-Tin 
 
 HON. CHARLKS WARREN FAIRBANKS, The Vice-President of the United States 
 HON. GEORGE \V. GUTHRIE, The Mayor of the City of Pittsljurgh 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 HON. SAMUEL W. PENNYPACKER, former Governor of the State of Pennsylvania and signer of the Greater Pittsburgh Bill 
 
 HON. WILLIAM A. STONE, E.vGovernor of Pennsylvania 
 
 (164) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 of the representation of this biij; corporation. Two 
 hundred men clad in tlie standard blue overall 
 uniform and leather cap of the company marched 
 in platoons, two files deep, let by a trainman in 
 blue frock coat and cap. A float marked "The 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Brings the Products of the 
 World to Pittsburgh" followed the men. Here 
 was ]'"atlu'r Pitt on an elevated stage, tlanked ])\ 
 female figures representing the Allegheny and 
 Moncjngahela valleys. A modern overhead tra\'- 
 eling crane approaches Father Pitt, representative 
 of the handling of heavy materials in the large 
 industries. A female figure, the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad system, also approaches Father Pitt, and 
 in her train came other figures representing the 
 industries that have contributed to the building of 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 A second float needed no label. It was indica- 
 tive of what the Pennsylvania Railroad carries 
 away from Pittsburgh. A miniature steel plant 
 was surrounded by many railroad tracks that con- 
 tained cars of coal and steel products. Miniature 
 locomotives were attached to some of the cars, 
 and nearby was the river, showing the water 
 transportation in the sternwheel steamboat and 
 coal barge. An oldtime stage coach that ran be- 
 tween Pittsburgh and Philadelphia one hundred 
 years ago followed this float. 
 
 The drygoods business was represented by sev- 
 eral floats. Boggs & Buhl had forty-si.x of the 
 finest appearing horses that ever walked the streets 
 of Pittsburgh. Their gold and l)lack trappings 
 and blankets made a picture that added to the float 
 they drew. A groom was at the head of each 
 horse in picturescjue attire that helped carry out a 
 complete scheme. The float contained Cleopatra 
 and her attendants. Joseph Home & Co. showed 
 the evolution of dress as worn in Pittsburgh from 
 1758 to the present time, while McCreery & Co. 
 had a dainty white and gold float covered by a 
 canopy upheld Ijy female figures in Grecian cos- 
 tume. This was drawn by twelve horses, covered 
 from nose to tail by a white robe, which added to 
 tile light and airy effect of the whole. 
 
 (i 
 
 The evolution of the jeweler's art was typified 
 by Ileeren Brothers. Father Time, with scythe 
 and hour glass, had at his feet gold and silversmiths 
 of the Middle Ages in their craftsmen's garb, while 
 about were benches and tools of the watchmaker. 
 
 The retail lumber interests had two floats which 
 showed the evolution of the methods of transport- 
 ing timber. On one float was a counterpart of an 
 old timber raft of early days, with the figures of 
 quantity and \'alue displayed, while the second 
 showed the modern railroad car with a greatly 
 increased shipment for 1907. 
 
 Even banks were represented. Fidelity and 
 watchfulness was symbolized by two dogs guard- 
 ing the savings of the people, with a safe deposit 
 vault typical of care and safety. 
 
 The Florists' Club had a display of wild flowers 
 and foliage of the primeval forest, in the midst of 
 which was an Indian maiden in a canoe, the whole 
 a most artistic arrangement of the florists' busi- 
 ness. The Grain Exchange had a float with King 
 Corn on a throne built of ears and dispensing plenty 
 to the world, while an Indian woman ground the 
 grain in a mortar in the primitive way. The hay 
 and feed industry was portrayed by a stack of hay 
 with flowers and insects of the field, while the 
 farmer is at work mowing. 
 
 The credit houses of the city had a float that 
 was typical of the business and an ingenious 
 working out of an idea. A bridal couple appro- 
 priately costumed stood upon a bridge of credit 
 which spanned the stream of financial emliarrass- 
 ment. 'Phis bridge the couple was crossing to 
 enter their new home. 
 
 A most complete display was that of the Bell 
 telei)hone as represented by the Central District 
 and Printing Telegraph Company. The evolu- 
 tion of the telephone since the first one constructed 
 in the cilv in 1870 was shown with the first switch- 
 board with ten lines which was installed in the 
 First National liank. 'IVlephone poles carrying 
 old-style iron wires were worked out in every detail, 
 even to the wrecks of boys' kites on the wire and 
 
 The interior of an old 
 
 a roosting swallow or two. 
 
 65) 
 

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 HON'. EDWIN" S. STL'ART. The Governor of the Stale of Pennsylvania 
 H. D. \V. ENGLISH, Chairman Greater Pittsburgh Dav Committee 
 
 Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 
 
 C'lurtesv Dispatrh 
 rROMlXENT MEMBERS or CicnERNOR STUART'S STAIE 
 
 Colonel Oliver S. Hcrshman, Colonel C. A. Rook, Colonel J. R. Wiggins and Mr. A.;,B. Millar, Private Secretar)' to Governor Stuart 
 
 (i66) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 telephone office was shown, ami in contrast there 
 was a modern switchboard at \vhit h sat the opera- 
 tors plugging in connections as fast as if they were 
 telling the ball scores. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL DIVISION FEA- 
 TURE OF PARADE 
 
 The educational interests represented in the 
 fifth division attracted exceptional interest all 
 along the line of march. Dr. John A. Brashear 
 was honorary marshal of the division, with Prof. 
 ]. C. Fetterman, of the University of Pittsburgh, 
 and Superintendent Samuel Andrews of the city 
 schools, adjutants; Prof. C. B. Cook, commanded 
 the Elementary School division; Prof. J. M. 
 McLaughlin, of the South High School, the High 
 School division, and Martin Hokanson, the 
 Carnegie Technical Schools division. 
 
 The division was led by Roceretto 's band. Then 
 came one hundred ward school pupils, wearing 
 orange and black skull caps and sashes and car- 
 rying canes decorated with orange and black rib- 
 bon streamers. Following them came the first 
 educational float, the old log school house por- 
 traying the beginning of education in western 
 Pennsylvania. It showed the old log building 
 with a class of children being taught bv a teacher 
 wearing colonial dress. Lurking outside the log 
 hut was an Indian, armed with bow and arrow, 
 waiting for the children to make their appearance. 
 
 This float was followed by a hundred High 
 School boys wearing black yachting caps with 
 orange bands, and with orange and black sashes 
 falling from shoulder to waist. Thev also carried 
 canes decoratefl with orange and black ribbons. 
 
 .\ lloat representing education and labor showing 
 the application of technical education to industrial 
 profluction, preceded the Carnegie 'Pechnical 
 Schools division, in which marched one hundred 
 students carrying plaid umbrellas in honor of 
 the birthplace of the founder of the schools. 
 
 Following the Technical boys came a float 
 showing in relief on each side the proposed build- 
 ings of the University of Pittsburgh to be erected 
 
 (i 
 
 on the Schenley Park tract. It was followed by 
 one hundred University of Pittsburgh students 
 wearing black caps and gowns and carrying 
 canes decorated with orange and black ribbon. 
 
 The educational division formed at Ridge and 
 Irwin Avenues. While waiting for the signal to 
 moN'c, the four hundred marchers were served with 
 bo.xes of lunch provided by Dr. Samuel L. McCor- 
 mick, chancellor of the Universitv of Pittsburgh. 
 
 LABOR MAKES FINE SHOWING 
 
 The labor division was headed by Major Alex- 
 ander J. Henderson, marshal, and W. T. Ham- 
 ilton, of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, 
 adjutant, mounted on fine horses. They were 
 assisted by the following aides: W. S. McKee, 
 Carpenter's union: John Frenau, United Labor 
 League; X. S. Glass, Sheet Metal Workers" 
 Association; John S. Herron, Bricklayers Union: 
 James Little, secretary Subcommitte on Labor In- 
 terests; John A. Kenney, Plumbers' Association, 
 and Henry Kreiling, Butchers' .\ssociation. 
 
 The Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen had 
 the first float on the division and it represented 
 the kind of work in which the members of thi> 
 association are engaged. The float consisted of 
 a locomotive and a train of cars with a crew of 
 ten men, representing the passenger train and the 
 different classes of railroad men at work. The 
 flagm-an was on the job and every time the train 
 stopped he dropped from his perch on the steps 
 of one of the cars and ran back to flag just as 
 he does in actual service: the engine was built 
 around an automoljilc, and the cars were mounted 
 on wagons. 
 
 The United Labor League had a handsonu- 
 and extremely artistic float, which represented 
 labor, including the skilled and thelunskilled. the 
 organized and unorganized workingman. The 
 only man on this float was W. G. Fullerton, of 
 the Backsmiths' Union, who represented the 
 chiseled statue of labor at the Xorth Side Carne- 
 gie Library. He was surrounded by various 
 tools and implements laid on a marble slab ten 
 
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 (i68) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 feet long, live feet wide and two feet thick. A 
 marble column placed at each end of the slab 
 connected with a banner running about the head 
 of the kneeling man, on which was printed 
 "Knowledge is Power." 
 
 The Carpenters' Union had the next float show- 
 ing the men, in their working garb, engaged in the 
 various classes of carpentr\-. The ne.xt float was 
 that of the Bricklayers' Union, with representa- 
 tives of the trade engaged in the work of con- 
 structing walls, columns and arches. The plumb- 
 ers' exhibit was unique in detail. It contained a 
 complete up-to-date bathroom and a display of 
 old pumps representing the plumbing done in 
 1758 and a display of lead work. 
 
 A modern sheet metal work shop was repre- 
 sented on the float of the Sheet Metal Workers' 
 Association, with the machines, benches, tools and 
 the men at their work. The Butchers' Associa- 
 tion representatives came next, carrying knives and 
 other tools used by the butchers. They were 
 followed by a band of twenty cowboys dressed in 
 typical Western style. There were 200 represen- 
 tatives of the Butchers' Association mounted. 
 
 SPECTACULAR PARADE WEEK'S 
 CLIMAX 
 
 Amidst a rousing cheer that rent the air and 
 announced to all that the union between Pittsburgh 
 and old .Allegheny was effected in its entirety, 
 the grand parade, the climax of Pittsburgh's one 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary celebration, 
 started on its long and humanity-lined route from 
 the corner of Federal and Ohio Streets, North 
 Side, to the official reviewing stand, opposite 
 Hotel Schenlcy, at 11 o'clock this morning. 
 
 Nature favored the crowning feature of the 
 week. The drop in temperature from last night 
 drove away almost all signs of llu- rain which had 
 been predicted and happy and joyful faces of 
 hundreds of thousands of people along the route 
 bespoke the satisfaction with the state of aft'airs. 
 It was an auspicious condition for a long and tire- 
 some march, and the enthusiasm of the members 
 
 (i 
 
 of the respective divisions and the honor guests 
 of the celebration was not dampened in the least. 
 Pittsburgh had gone through a period of 150 years 
 of unrivaled growth. From a small village cen- 
 tralized about the Point it had spread on all sides 
 and embraced many square miles of territorv 
 along the three rivers. From a handful of men 
 who first took charge of the fort the populace had 
 increased to a half million, and to-day was aug- 
 mented by thousands upon thousands of visitors. 
 
 The point chosen for the formation of the grand 
 pageant was the best that could be had. Around 
 that particular spot there are numerous side 
 streets which lead into the main thoroughfare, 
 and along those smaller streets the dift'erent di- 
 \asions had assembled in the respective places 
 assigned to them. Long before the pageant was 
 ready to start the partakers in the parade began 
 to arrive, and the husUe and bustle in the neigh- 
 borhood formed a little world in itself. In addi- 
 tion, large crowds from the hilltops of the North 
 Side commenced to flock down to the streets along 
 which the pageant was scheduled to pass, and 
 the police had difliculty in controlling the surging 
 multitudes. 
 
 Men, women and children waved flags, cheered 
 and yelled as they waited until the bugle an- 
 nounced the start of the marchers. All along the 
 route the people waited with anxious expectation 
 for the procession to hea\e in sight so that they 
 might view the evidences of Pittsburgh's marvelous 
 growth and decide upon the manner in which the 
 promoters of the celebration had arranged this 
 climactic event of the public demonstration. 
 
 At the point of formation onlrrlics husfled to 
 and fro and orders were given to the different 
 division heads. According to the order that had 
 come from the grand marshal, Lieutenant-General 
 S. B. M. Young, United States Army, the parade 
 started promptly at 11 o'clock and proceeded in 
 an uninterrupted course to the place where the 
 marchers disbanded after the review bv the offi- 
 cials and the honor guests. 
 
 A platoon of sixteen of Pittsburgh's finest, all 
 69) 
 
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 (170) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 on horseback and under the direct command of 
 Assistant Superintendent of Police Edward Ken- 
 nelly, led the parade. This is the usual police 
 escort assigned to all parades of importance, and 
 the other officials of the city took the positions 
 assigned to them. 
 
 All the bands of the city and many others from 
 surrounding towns had been secured for the great 
 occasion, and as the parade moved along music of 
 every kind met the ears of the spectators. At no 
 time was there a cessation of music. 
 
 The marchers of the grand pageant moved 
 along as if they had been trained for months for 
 this one special affair. From the experienced 
 soldiers, whose life is spent in the mastery of 
 parade discipline, to the smallest boys from the 
 different public schools of the city, the mass 
 nvj\ed like a well-oiled and well-cared-for ma- 
 chine of the most delicate construction. Each 
 division had swung into line at its given signal, 
 and as the parade moved along in its ceaseless 
 tramp, tramp to the time of the music a thrill of 
 joy filled every loyal Pittsburgher, and prompted 
 almost e\ery one to yell himself hoarse. 
 
 Pittsburgh had never known or witnessed such 
 a grand spectacle, which told in model figures 
 everything about its birth and growth. I'rom 
 the most insignificant industry to the enterprises 
 that have made the Smoky City famous and 
 world known, from the most humble worker to 
 the citizen who has reached a position of promi- 
 nence and authorilv, the lloals and marchers were 
 representative and typical of the city. The little 
 hamlet that had sprung up amidst a clump of 
 trees had reached the 150th year of its nativity 
 and the pe()j)le, all, newcomers and descendants of 
 pioneers, showed themselves proud of thiir hoinc. 
 Once a Pittsburgher, always a Pittsburgher. 
 
 Every individual section of the parade carried 
 an interest separate and apart from the others, 
 and for that reason the pt'oplc did not lea\'c until 
 the very last of all had faded into the distance. 
 Pittsburgh's industrial and commercial supremacy 
 had been actually depicted and residents and 
 
 (17 
 
 visitors alike watched and waited so that in years 
 to come they might cherish the memory of the 
 grand event, and might tell the later generation of 
 the achievem.ents and progress of their ancestors. 
 Such was the spirit and general feeling of all. 
 
 The good natured populace that came early 
 to get positions of vantage where they might view 
 the procession waited patiently for the start. 
 Everybody Avas friendly and cheerful with everv- 
 body else. Pittsburghers on this one (jccasion, 
 more than ever, felt the common bond which held 
 them together, and the little inconveniences that 
 attend an affair of such magnitude as Pittsburghers 
 had planned were overlooked and passed by lightly. 
 
 The ropes stretched along the line of march 
 kept the people from Hocking out into the street 
 and the policemen stationed at points assigned to 
 them kept order and saw that none of the regula- 
 tions for the day were disobeyed. Manv of the 
 people brought camp stools and lunches with 
 them and settled themselves in comfort, waiting 
 for the procession to come along. All the seating 
 stands that had been built in windows and on 
 vacant property were crowded with people, and 
 from the office buildings and residences along the 
 route thousands of heads peered out of windows 
 to see the marchers and Hoats and to cheer them 
 on as they passed in grand array. 
 
 The little breezes flaunted the flags and decora- 
 tions in the air and the city colors and national 
 emblems that adorned the streets, with the people 
 en masse at every point, completed a sight that will 
 go down in the history of the city. It was a herald 
 to the world that Pittsburgh lived and would live. 
 
 Although the actual formation of the parade 
 did not begin until about g o'clock this morning, 
 till' work of forming the divisions began .soon after 
 la>l midnight. .\s .soon as the streets were de- 
 serted and I U'ared of traffic s(juads of workmen, 
 assisted by hirds of horses, began to liaul the 
 monster lloals for the industrial, comnieirial and 
 historic floats into position. 'I'he massive scenic 
 effects and gorgeous dis])lays were covered by 
 heavy tarpaulins and only a suggestion of their size 
 
 1) 
 
u 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 J3 
 
 CJ 
 
 
 X 
 
 O u5 
 
 o 
 
 (172) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 S E S Q U I - C E N r E N N I A L 
 
 and beauty could be gained by the hca\y outlines. 
 The floats were mostly in position long before 
 daylight, and were guarded by watchmen, while 
 the lighter floats were hauled into place ready to 
 be attached to panoplied horses this morning. As 
 early as 7 o'clock the work of hitching the horses 
 and dressing them for the procession began, and 
 in another hour civic and military organizations 
 began to march into their places of rendezvous. 
 At 9 o'clock the members of the legislative division 
 had assembled at tlie Hotel Schenley and were 
 driven in a score of carriages with liveried attend- 
 ants to the starting ])oint. The vast crowd that 
 began to gather in the streets along the route of the 
 parade found plenty of entertainment in watching 
 the various organizations march to the different 
 division points, while the passing and repassing 
 bands allayed the impatience of the crowds. 
 
 E\'ery wagon, carriage, float, decorated device 
 and nearly every organization had been wheeled 
 and had marched into position long before the hour 
 set for the parade to begin, and the work of giving 
 final instructions was begun by the marshals. The 
 riding to and fro of the members of Grand Marshal 
 Young's staff of aides was a pleasing and exciting 
 spectacle to the few spectators permitted to gather 
 near the starting point of the procession on the 
 North Side. When Grand Marshal Young gave 
 the order to march, the regimental escort was 
 stretching ncjrth in Federal Street, and every side 
 street leading into Federal Street was marked by 
 the advance line of a division of the parade. 
 
 The Fourteenth and Eighteenth Regiments and 
 Battery B., Xational Guard Pennsylvania, were 
 lined uj) in Federal Street, the long line of uni- 
 forms, glistening weapons and bright flags stretch- 
 ing up the hill toward Perrysville Avenue. The 
 Eighteenth Regiment headed the column in Fed- 
 eral Street, while the Fourteenth Regiment stood 
 at "rest" in Montgomery Avenue, swinging into 
 Federal Street behind the Eighteenth. Battery B. 
 with its guns, extended its line .south in Sherman 
 Avenue, with the head of the column at Mont- 
 
 gomery Avenue, and swinging in behind the Four- 
 
 teenth with customary military precision. Colonel 
 Frank I. Rutledge was in command of the military 
 section, and had little trouble in handling the well- 
 drilled men. 
 
 \'ice-President Fairbanks, Governor Stuart and 
 the other distinguished guests of the city, in then- 
 carriages, waited in line in Sherman Avenue, facing 
 north, until the parade started, being driven from 
 Sherman Avenue into Ohio Street and now drop- 
 ping in line behind the military escort. The car- 
 riages had started from the Hotel Schenley at 9 
 o'clock and by easy driving arrived at the starting 
 point in plenty of time, driving over the boulevard 
 and keeping from the route of parade. In this 
 division an effort was made to show by representa- 
 tive men the part the city has taken in the legisla- 
 tion of the State and the country. 
 
 The city of Pittsburgh division, which had been 
 formed in sections throughout the city, was assem- 
 bled in Ohio Street extending west the full length 
 of \\'est Ohio Street and down Western Avenue. 
 The police had gathered at the department of 
 public safety building, the street department men 
 at the city stables, and each coterie of representa- 
 tives at the ^•arious headquarters of the bureaus 
 and had marched to the north side as early as 8 
 o'clock. Director Edward G. Lang, marshal of 
 the city section, had good wide streets in which to 
 march and counter-march his men and to move 
 his wagons and floats into position. This section 
 of the parade fell in behind the carriages of the 
 distinguished guests and was the first series of 
 surprises viewed by the crowds. The old fire 
 apparatus aroused considerable interest and the 
 different officials and attaches of bureaus were 
 cheered by their friends as the city di\ision went 
 down Fefleral Street to the Sixth Street bridge. 
 This entire division was a section by itself, ex- 
 clusive of the monster s(|uad of policemen picked 
 to head the column of marchers and floats. The 
 advance guard of mounted policemen and police- 
 men on foot rested in Federal Street ahead of the 
 regimental bands. 
 
 rin' Historic and \'eteran division rested on 
 
 (173) 
 
•Ji. 
 o 
 
 O ^ 
 
 
 - t2 
 
 o 
 
 (■74) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Ridge A\-enue, with the head of the column resting 
 at Marion Avenue, near the middle of the City 
 division. As the rear of the City division swung 
 past the veteran organizations and floats of the 
 Historic division dropped into position behind 
 and followed down West Ohio Street. The Local 
 Recruiting division had formed on Irwin Avenue, 
 on the opposite side of Ohio Street from the His- 
 torical division, also beginning its march in Ohio 
 Street, behind the Veteran division. 
 
 Uniformed and fraternal organizations, man)- 
 of them headed by their own bands, assembled in 
 East Ohio Street, the head of the column facing 
 the City division. This section extended cast to 
 Cedar Avenue, down Cedar Avenue to Avery, 
 down Avery to Liberty, and on down to Washing- 
 ton Street and around the corner in Washington 
 Street some distance. This extended line of 
 marchers moved forward as the Local Recruiting 
 division filed past, their line of march beginning 
 at Federal and Ohio Streets. 
 
 The Educational division, consisting of repre- 
 sentatives of all the schools and colleges in the city, 
 marshaled by Prof. John A. Brashcar, gathered 
 ni Ridge Avenue, behind the Historic and Veteran 
 division, and they marched after the Historic divi- 
 sion until superseded in line by the Local Recruit- 
 ing division. The Ijoys and youths then fell in 
 behind the Local Recruiting division and marched 
 to Ohio and Federal Streets, resting until the uni- 
 formed and fraternal organizations passed, falling 
 in behind the latter section. 
 
 The Labor division was n-oved into position in 
 the procession behind the Educational section. 
 The Manufacturing division, containing the 
 greatest number of illustrative tloats. was formed 
 in a series of streets, most of them having been 
 hauled into position during the night. The head 
 of the column was at Irwin and \\'estern Avenues, 
 the line of floats and marchers extending north in 
 Irwin Avenue, east on North Avenue to Arch 
 Street, and west on Xorth Avenue as far as .\lle- 
 gheny Avenue. There was also a portion of this 
 section in Beech Avenue, and the entire line went 
 
 into position behind the Labor section, headed by 
 Charles J. Graham and his staff. 
 
 The last section of the parade, comprising the 
 commercial and transportation division, and in- 
 cluding the floats of individuals and private cor- 
 porations, was formed in Xorth Avenue, with 
 the head of the line at Arch Street, and extending 
 cast in Xorth Avenue to Cedar .\venue, where the 
 line extended .south in Cedar Avenue t(; Ohio 
 Street, and on several other streets below Xorth 
 Avenue. This section of the parade entered the 
 line at Montgomery Avenue and Arch Street. 
 Every float was manned Ijy a full cjuota of men to 
 remo\e pillars and other high devices when going 
 under bridges, and each float carried drinking 
 water and refreshments for the drivers and other 
 men so that there could be no delay by men 
 absenting themselves from the floats. Every man 
 had explicit instructions where and when to per- 
 mit street cars to pass, and the line of march 
 moved with wonderful precision and with prac- 
 tically no obstruction down Federal Street, over 
 the Sixth Street bridge, and to the Court of Honor 
 on Fifth Avenue. 
 
 As the van of the line reached the corner of 
 Liberty Avenue and Sixth Street and swung 
 around facing the gorgeous archway on Liberty 
 deafening cheers arose from the thousands of 
 patriotic admirers who were packed and jammed 
 along Liberty Avenue for several squares and on 
 Market Street. This short square was probably 
 the scene of the greatest crush. It had several 
 advantages of which the crowd was well aware. 
 It afforded a good view of the approaching line 
 from the time it reached the bridge. At the first 
 sign of its a])pr()ach the mass surged toward Lib- 
 ert}- Avenue, causing an awful jam. When it 
 swung around the point at Liberty and Fifth, and 
 started out Fifth Avenue, the attention of the crowd 
 changefl and many of them turned toward Fifth 
 .\venuc to get another view of arrayed marchers. 
 
 The arch at Liberty and Sixth was the first 
 through which the jxiradc passed. Though it had 
 been watched day after day during its course of 
 
 (>7.0 
 
IIUX. WILLIAM H. GRAHAM 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Comniiltce 
 
 HUX. JOHX DALZLLL 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 HOX. JAMES FRANCIS BLKKK HON'. J. A. BARCHFIKLD 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Dav Scsqui Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Dav Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (176) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 construction by thousands of people, at no time 
 did it appear as grand as wliile the \-arious organi- 
 zations were passing under it. Though the streets 
 were roped, it was found that scarcely enough 
 space had been allowed for the sijuarc turn from 
 Sixth into Liberty. 
 
 The police found it necessary to force tlie mob 
 back a few feet. This was scarcely necessary, 
 however, as it was found that the line, more by 
 instinct than necessity, closed a little as it passed 
 through the arch. 
 
 Despite the fact that this was the first sharp 
 corner the parade made there was not a break in 
 any of the formations. Like well-driJlcd militia- 
 men they rounded the corner with such precision 
 that more cheers of admiration burst from the 
 excited throng. P'ollowing the leaders came a 
 regiment of carriages and these, too, maintained 
 their relative positions in the line with a remarkable 
 degree of accuracy as they wliirled around the 
 corner and headed for the arch. 
 
 Thnugli thiTc is little probability that this idea 
 was in the minds of the committee when the loca- 
 tion of the arch was chosen, the efi'ect was extremely 
 pleasing, as the various organizations and forma- 
 tions and floats swung arounfl the corner, enter- 
 ing the arch almost as they turned. This was the 
 first feat that tested the military ability of the 
 men in the line and it was accomplished with 
 exceeding grace. 
 
 Just beyond the arch, and but a few paces away, 
 the line confronted the most difficult corner along 
 the line turning from Liberty .A.venue into Fifth 
 Avenue. The angle is at about 25 degrees and it 
 puzzled many of the formations to maintain the 
 dignity of the line. Here again, the throngs of 
 people had jammed well out into the street and it 
 was necessary for several of the companies to 
 halt for a few seconds. This, of course, stopped 
 the entire line for a brief period, but remarkably 
 little time was lost from the start until the destina- 
 tion was reached. 
 
 Despite the fact that thi.s corner was dillicult it 
 afforded one of the most spectacular incidents 
 
 (i 
 
 along the entire route. \\Tiye a few of the less 
 expert marching organizations made slight blun- 
 ders, the companies that were well drilled and 
 ready to master even much greater tasks brought 
 forth repeated cheers from the male portion, who 
 waved their Bags and clapped their hands, .\lmost 
 like a mechanical manipulation, these organiza- 
 tions approached the point. Like spokes revolv- 
 ing around a hub, the lines of uniformed men 
 turned, the inside man remaining almost at placed- 
 march. The end men were of course mo\ing at 
 a double-quick pace and it can readily be under- 
 stood how difficult it was for untrained men to 
 maintain a straight line. 
 
 Righting themselves into Fifth Avenue, the pro- 
 cession advanced in perfect order. The greatest 
 difficulty at the point was found when the large 
 floats approached. One of them drawn 1)y two 
 span of decorated horses, made the turn very 
 gracefully, Ijut this was due to the dextrous man- 
 ner in which the driver handled the reins. There 
 was some apprehension lest the space would not be 
 sufficient, as the length of the team and float was 
 equal to almost half a square. 
 
 As Lieutenant General Young dashed around 
 the corner on his black charger, and the animal 
 soul seemed to be aflame with enthusiasm over 
 the occasion, cheers went up along the line of 
 Fifth .\ venue to the court house. As the parade 
 passed under the beautiful arch at Fifth .\venue 
 and Grant Street the sight from vantage points 
 down the avenue was inspiring. 
 
 On several occasions along F"ifth .\vcnue, 
 between the down-town section and the park, the 
 crowds became so e.xcited that they attempted to 
 press over the ropes, heedless of the admonitions 
 and threats of the police. At a numijer of points 
 where the street is narrower than in the down-town 
 section, halts were made to adjust the formations 
 to the space that the crowds and streets allowed. 
 
 The scenes about the reviewing stand in Schcn- 
 ley Park were beautiful, picturesque and inspiring 
 for hours before the parade arrived at its destina- 
 tion. The entire park was a mass of humanity, 
 
 77) 
 

 N. 
 
 RiciiAKi) P.. mi:llon 
 
 Kinance Scsqui-Cenlennial Comniillee 
 
 COLONEL ALBERT J. LOGAN 
 Greater Pitts1)urij;h Dav Committee 
 
 R. H. BOGGS 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 
 
 (178) 
 
 REV. FRAXCIS P. WARU 
 Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 with interest centerinif around the stand. Several 
 hundred distint^uished guests were on hand long 
 before the parade. They arrived in gaily be- 
 decked automobiles and carriages, and in these 
 spun about the park until word arrived that the 
 advance guard was in sight. They then aban- 
 doned their cars and took their positions in the 
 reviewing stand. The reviewing committee, of 
 course, occupied the conspicuous positions, and as 
 soon as Lieutenant-General Young arrived at the 
 head of the parade his proud steed was turned 
 over to an attendant and he, too, occupied a seat 
 of honor in the stand. 
 
 A very creditable feature, and one that is fre- 
 quently not given proper consideration when out- 
 lining a route of parade, is that the distance was 
 not great enough to fatigue the participants. 
 Instead, all the organizations marched up in a 
 fresh, spirited manner before the reviewing stand. 
 There were no laggers whose legs had become 
 wearv bv the long walk. As a result, some of the 
 organizations gave the best exhibitions of drilling 
 and military rraneuvcrs that have ever been seen 
 in this city. 
 
 The Heath Zoua\-es probably made the greatest 
 impression with their exhibition before the review- 
 ing committee. This is an old organization, and 
 for many years held the championship of this 
 State, in drilling exhibitions. The members had 
 apparendy lost but little, if any, of their old valor. 
 They introduced a number of unique formations 
 and designs in a manner that stirred the admira- 
 tion not only of the committee and distinguished 
 guests, but of the thousands upon thousands of 
 men, women and children who had assembled for 
 this finale of the parade. 
 
 Several other organizations made decidedly 
 favorable imi)ressions by their work, and fre- 
 quently the crowd vented its admiration in cheers 
 that resounded throughout the Schcnlcy district. 
 Each band played as though it was contesting for 
 a prize as it passed the stand. The dignity of the 
 line was maintained for al)out two sfjuares beyond 
 the reviewing stand, where it was broken. Each 
 
 (i 
 
 company, band, float and organization dropped 
 out and they went their respective ways. There 
 was a touch of pathos in the deeper minds as they 
 saw the parade line passing so boldly and glori- 
 ously up to a given point, then scattering in all 
 directions. Realizing that the greatest e\'ent of the 
 greatest celebration this city or even this country 
 has ever held, is ended, and that a similar occasion 
 cannot take place for another one and a half cen- 
 turies, a feeling of sadness pervaded the minds of 
 ■ many of the people who watched the e\-ent at 
 that end of the march. 
 
 Within half an hour after the last of the parade 
 passed the reviewing stand the participants had 
 all disappeared, many of them having boarded 
 cars for their homes, while others hurried back 
 to the down-town section. 
 
 One-half million people — Pittsburgers, former 
 Pittsburgers, and people who came from far across 
 the seas — witnessed the gorgeous pageant. They 
 lined the streets, crowded in every ax^ailable win- 
 dow, stood on the roofs of small buildings and sky- 
 scrapers, climbed high inttj the .structure of the 
 Sixth Street bridge, risking their lives, and squeezed 
 themselves into every other place that afforded 
 them a glimpse or good view of the gigantic 
 parade. So big a crowd has never before thronged 
 the streets of Greater Pittsburgh, and it is a safe 
 venture to assert that never again will such great 
 multitudes assemble here. It was just one solid 
 mass of humanity that surged, pushed and forced 
 its way through the streets, searcliing for places 
 at the guide ropes, and formed one continuous 
 line along the parade route. 
 
 Stampedes were countless, pushing, forcing and 
 complaining, and there were countless complaints 
 from the sightseers. Several persons in the great 
 mass of humanity fainted in the crusliing and rush. 
 The crowds had to be almost beaten back to make 
 a thoroughfare for the removal of the sutTering 
 to the open air. 
 
 Long before the time set for the start of the 
 gigantic pararle, people started to gather about 
 the thonnighfares over which the pageant traversed. 
 
 7Q) 
 
JOH\ B. BARBOUR, JR. 
 Sub-Chairman Uniformed Societies and Independent Military 
 Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 
 
 D. C. RIPLEY 
 Chairman Greater Pittsburgh Legislation Sesqui-Centennial Sub- 
 committee 
 
 HARRV G. SAMSON 
 Chairman Carriage Sesqui-Centcnnial Commiliee 
 
 (i8o) 
 
 R. J. SLONEY, JR. 
 Seirelary Sub-Finance Scsqui-Ccntennial Committee 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Ropes were strung shortly after last midnight to 
 prevent the people congregating about the middle 
 of the streets and thus interfere with the marching 
 of the paraders. At lo o'clock, just one hour 
 before the starting time, the streets along the 
 parade route, from Federal and Ohio Streets, 
 North Side, to the Hotel Schenley, in Oakland, 
 ward almost impassable. People desirous of mak- 
 ing their way from one place to another found it 
 necessary to walk to streets o neither side of the 
 parade route to aovid the great crowds. The 
 roof of almost every building along Federal street 
 was crowded to its capacity, people hung out of the 
 \\'indows of every small building and skyscraper, 
 while the structural work of the Sixth Street 
 bridge was made invisible by the crowds that hung 
 on high up into the arch-like work and crowded 
 the floor and sides until the great bridge trembled 
 under the great weight. Sixth Street, Market 
 Street and Fifth Avenue — well, the crowds that 
 gathered in these thoroughfares are indescribable. 
 There were so many people along these avenues, in 
 so many different places, hanging over the tower- 
 ing roofs of skyscrapers, craning their necks out 
 of windows, hanging to the tops of telegraph 
 poles, and in so many other different and dangerous 
 positions that it would be impossible to give a 
 precise description of all. 
 
 Thev craned their necks, magnified the great 
 scene \\-ith the aid of field and opera glasses, 
 and thus they looked upon the greatest pageant 
 that has ever before been held in this city. 
 
 The great quantities of confetti thrown from 
 the tops and wndows of buildings gave the atmos- 
 phere the appearance of a snow bli/.zard. It was 
 blinding and was responsible for some of the 
 an.xious people missing some of the cliief features 
 of the pageant. Policemen, with dressed maces, 
 stood inside the ropes, keeping the crowds back of 
 the lines, while at intervals a mounted bluecoat 
 would bellow through liis trunii)ct for order. 
 The policemen found it a difticult task to cope 
 with the situation. The masses of sightseeing 
 people surged their way against the ropes, and 
 
 (i 
 
 not a few times did they try to force their way 
 to the street. The policemen at times found it 
 necessary to use their clubs to keep the crowd 
 under control. 
 
 Not one moment of quietude prevailed during 
 the passing of the great pageant. Cheer after 
 cheer went up in volumes. They were deafening 
 and drowned the shrill blasts made by the big 
 steamboat whisdes and whisties of the surrounding 
 mills that sent forth toots and blasts in honor of 
 the big celebration. When the civic float, repre- 
 senting the progress of Pittsburg, from the birth of 
 the city to the present day, passed a tremendous 
 cheer filled the air. This, the people thought, w^as 
 one of the most magnificent features of the entire 
 program. Tired feelings, illness and discomforts 
 were given absolutely no attention by the interested 
 crowd as they yelled themselves hoarse. 
 
 The police arrangements for the parade, as 
 worked out by Superintendent Thomas .\. Mc- 
 Quaide and his able assistant, Edward Kcnnelly, 
 were of the best, and called forth no little com- 
 mendation. Not only was every member of the 
 uniformed police force of the city on duty, but 
 every fireman who could be spared from his engine 
 house, and every white ^\•ing in the employ of the 
 city, was on duty on the line of parade. This 
 gave sufficient men to handle the big crowd in 
 good shape. In addition to the mounted men and 
 the loo sLx-footers in the parade, there was a 
 continuous line of police on duty on both sides of 
 the route of parade. 
 
 NOTED GUESTS EULOGIZE 
 CELEBRATION 
 
 "It was the greatest demonstration I ever wit- 
 nessed viewed from either an educational, indus- 
 trial or historical standpoint: all three combined 
 it was a remarkable exhibition, which I am sure 
 will not be equaled for some time to come." 
 
 This comnx'nt on the Sesqui-Centennial parade 
 was expressed last night by Vice-President Charles 
 W. Fairbanks. His words were enthusiastically 
 endorsed by Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Lieu- 
 
 8i) 
 
C. A. BLANCHARD 
 Sub-Cliairmaii Motel and Ri-slaurant Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 
 
 JAMES RILEY 
 Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 ], 13. KELLY L. F. KLOOS 
 
 Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (182) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 tenant Governor Rol^crt S. Murphy and former 
 Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker. All of them 
 declared they were astonished at the educational 
 and historical features of the pageant and the 
 elaborate presentation. 
 
 "T have witnessed many so-called parades," 
 but this demonstration of yours was so far above 
 and beyond anything I ever expected that it in- 
 terested me beyond expression. I am sincerely 
 delighted that I was fortunate enough to partic- 
 ipate in the affair. I expected great things of 
 Pittsburgh in an industrial way, but I was hardly 
 prepared for the exhibition I saw to-day. The 
 parade was worth, in an educational way, every 
 cent you have spent for the sesqui-centennial cele- 
 bration. The people of Pittsburgh are certainly 
 to be congratulated." 
 
 Mr. Fairbanks was greatly pleased with the 
 reception he received at the hands of the people 
 all along the route of the parade. He w^as com- 
 pelled to stand in his carriage with hat in hand 
 bowing his acknowledgments during most of the 
 way. ''I certainly appreciate the reception I re- 
 ceived," said the Vice-President. 
 
 "We always expect great things of Pittsburgh,'' 
 declared Governor Stuart, "but to-day's demon- 
 stration was more magnificent than I anticipated. 
 It is impossible to estimate the educational and 
 historical value of the exhibition. 
 
 "Perhaps these features were more prominent 
 because we are prone to look only for things in- 
 dustrial in Pittsburgh. This latter feature of 
 the demonstration must not be overlooked. 
 
 'T am sure it has given me great pleasure to 
 be here at this tin^e. ^'^ur city is to be congrat- 
 ulated. I saw more than I expected and con- 
 sider n vself forUmate to he \'()ur guest. Pitts- 
 burgh has demonstrated its ability to handle big 
 things, and to-day's demonstration, I will venture 
 to say. will not be duplicated for several years at 
 least. It was wonderful." 
 
 Governor Stuart was ha])py over the enlhusi 
 astic ovation accorded him during the parade. 
 The Governor's smiling countenance was recog- 
 
 (i8. 
 
 nized instantly by the great crowd of spectators 
 and he was forced to bow many times. 
 
 One of the most delighted of the city's guests 
 was former Governor Pennypacker, who was one 
 of the strongest advocates of the Greater Pitts- 
 burgh bill when it was before the Legislature. 
 'T have been amply repaid for all I e\'er did in 
 assisting the consummation of a Greater Pitts- 
 burgh," declared ]\Ir. Pennypacker. "The 
 exhibition which passed in review before us to- 
 day was the greatest demonstration, in manv 
 ways, that has ever been witnessed in Pennsyl- 
 vania. I was particularly interested in the his- 
 torical display, and I must say that it was much 
 better than I expected. 
 
 "I cannot tell you how much pleasure it has 
 given me. It was intensely interesting from start 
 to finish. The consolidation of the two cities, 
 I can see, has already borne fruit. However, 
 you are just at the beginning. Greater Pitts- 
 burgh is destined to be a wonder-working city. 
 You are already great industrially; in the arts 
 and sciences you will be, some dav, just as great. 
 I have enjoyed every minute of m_\- \-isit and hope 
 it will not be my last. " 
 
 Xo person in the parade received more hearty 
 greeting than ex-Governor Pennypacker. From 
 the time the parade started until it ended the for- 
 mer governor was kept busy bowing from right 
 to left in response to the greetings from thousands 
 of spectators. 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor Murphy was received 
 with no less enthusiasm than the other 
 distinguished guests. Mr. Murjjhv has manv 
 friends in Western Pennsylvania and is a 
 popular oflicial with the masses. The crowd 
 cheered and ai)plau(le<l wildlv in greeting all 
 along the line. 
 
 Speaking of the parade, Mr. .Murphy said: 
 "It was wonderful. It is impossible for me to 
 describe the I)eauly and grandeur of the demon- 
 stration. I do not lu'lieve Pennsylvania ever 
 witnessed anything more beautiful or more in- 
 spiring. It was an educational and historical 
 
 3; 
 
JAMKS SCOTT 
 
 SAMUKL W. BLACK. 
 
 JAMKS FARWELL 
 
 (184) 
 
 BERNARD GLOECKLER 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 treat, and I am more than delighted to have been 
 here to witness it. 
 
 "I am no longer astonished at what Pittsburgh 
 does. She has accomplished so many great things 
 that we have come to expect a little more from her 
 than other cities. It was not only a glorious day for 
 Pittsburgh, but a glorious day for Pennsylvania as 
 well. What Pittsburgh did to-day will live through 
 the ages. Pennsylvania is proud of Pittsburgh, 
 but no more so than the nation should be." 
 
 Organized labor was well represented in the 
 big pageant forming the sixth division. The 
 various floats in this division showed plainly how 
 tlu' laljoring man has aided in the growth of Pitts- 
 burgh during the last century and a half. They 
 also showed the progress of the various trades in 
 this city during that time. 
 
 Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, the young Englishman 
 who is here with the honor guests, was grave as 
 usual and did not turn his back on the parade 
 except when courtesy demanded. He is getting 
 up in his Pittsburgh, and his cheeks glowed with 
 enthusiasm as he remarked: 
 
 "You have a most efficient way of doing things 
 here in Pittsburgh. In our country the whole 
 army would have been necessary to accomplish 
 
 what these few mounted men have done in con- 
 trolling the people. The parade? At Queen 
 Victoria's diamond jubilee the parade was the 
 most magnificent spectacle I ever witnessed. For 
 solemn impressiveness Queen Victoria's funeral 
 procession I have never seen surpassed. While 
 entirely different in purpose and effect, the parade 
 I have seen to-day ranks next to these. " 
 
 General Porter was deeply interested in the 
 different companies of the Boy's Brigade as they 
 passed, laughing heartily as he noted the difffcultv 
 with which some of the little chaps passed through 
 the evolutions. But his smile faded and his 
 face became very grave as he turned to gi\'e his 
 opinion of the showing made on Pittsburgh Da_\-. 
 
 "Simply wonderful and extremely orderly," 
 was the expression of Arthur Forbes, while Mrs. 
 Forbes gave her acknowledgment in the one 
 remark, "I have never seen anything like it." 
 
 "Quite splendid, delightful," enthusiastically 
 exclaimed ]\Iiss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, while 
 Miss Hester Louise Pitt-Taylor declared it was 
 "simply wonderful and most magnificent." 
 
 "Perfectly wonderful," exclaimed ]Mrs. Warren 
 Fairbanks, and the women gathered about lier 
 joined in a chorus of approval. 
 
 U«5) 
 
H. LEE MASON 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 
 
 E. E. DUI-F 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 W.M. B. RUDGERS J- H. S.MITLEV 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (i86) 
 
(i87) 
 
J. c. Mcdowell 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Conimiltee 
 
 E. V. BABCOCK 
 (^■rcater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 GEORGE H. FLLNN J. A. MURPHY 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Commitii-c Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 
 
 (i88) 
 
(i89) 
 
(igo) 
 
(190 
 
-2^. t;^— ^n^^ 
 
 Courtesy Post 
 
 FIRST: FOUR -MEN COSTUMED TO REPRESENT FRE.XCH OFFICERS. SECOND: FOUR MEN COSTUMED TO 
 REPRESENT ENGLISH OFFICERS. THIRD: EIGHT MEN COSTUMED IN THE GARB OF \VILLI.\M PENN. 
 
 ;\N OLD CONESTOGA WAGON IN REAR 
 
 AN OLD CONESTOGA WAGON 
 Unique feature of the Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 (192) 
 
I'holo t.v H. II. Wl-Ult 
 THE "BLACK MARIA" (PERIOD 1S07-1SS7) 
 Driverof wagon: Edward Freil. Other men are uniformed officers representing a guard. On extreme right of uniformed men is the 
 colored oflicer in plain clothes, E. J. Harris, who was the original driver of the Black Maria. Harris died last month, July, 1909. 
 
 OLD STYLE ll,\.\l) HRAKF, ENGINE IN GRE.\TER PITTSBURGH DAY TAKAOE 
 
 (19.^) 
 
 CuurlCi.>' Di.--);.itLii 
 
094J 
 
EIGHT MEN REPRESENTING NIGHT WATCHMEN OF 1803-1S60 
 
 Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 lEuAl- .S^.MH.,L1Z1N.. THE lU KKAL UK l' VRKS r,n,r.e.y Disr-atch 
 
 park'^implemem^^^^^^ the city colors and flowers; carr>inR park equipment and apparatus; and surrounded by marching men with 
 
 (195) 
 
Courtesv Dispatch 
 FLOAT SHOWING THE WORK OF THE CITY PLAYGROUNDS 
 Pittsburgh Playground Association: "There was an old woman (Mother Pitt) who lived in a shoe — she had so many children site did 
 not know what to do." Father Pitt has given the children playgrounds. 
 
 (196) 
 
U97) 
 
(198) 
 
(i99) 
 
(200) 
 
FLOAT RKPRESENTIXG " WASHIXGTOX AXD GIST CROSSING THK ALLEGHKNV kl\ KR, 175,^' 
 
 Courtesy Gazette-Times 
 
 l-LOAT RKPRESENTING THE RAISING OF THE BRITISH FEAG OVER THE RUINS OF FORT DlQl-ESNE IN i;s8 
 
 GENERAL FORIIES AND ANDREW CARNEGIE. COLONIAL AND HIGHLAND SOLDIERS AND DRUMMER-BOY 
 
 Men on Float: Duncan Mcintosh, William Will, Sr., William Soulherland, John Scolt. David Will, Walter Hog^, George Atkinson. 
 
 (201) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Float — "Washington and Gist crossing the the sentinels heard a heavy boom as if a magazine 
 
 Allegheny River, 1753." had exploded. In the morning the march was 
 
 On the nth of December, 1753, Major George resumed. After the advance guard came Forbes 
 Washington, with Christopher Gist as guide, carried on a litter, the troops following in three 
 Abraham \'an Braam as interpreter, and four or columns; the Highlanders in the center, headed 
 five woodsmen, presented himself as bearer of a ])y Montgomery, the Royal Americans and Pro- 
 letter from Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia lo vincials on the right and left, under Bouquet and 
 the commander of Fort Le Boeuf. He was kindly Washington. Slowly they made their way be- 
 
 reccived. In fact, no form of courtesy was 
 om.itted during the three days occupied by St. 
 Pierre in framing his reply to Governor Din- 
 widdie's letter. This letter expressed astonish- 
 ment that his (St. Pierre's) troops should build 
 
 neath an endless entanglement of bare branches. 
 The Highlanders were goaded to madness by 
 seeing as they approached the fort the heads of 
 their countrymen, who had fallen when Grant 
 made his rash attack, .stuck on poles around which 
 
 forts upon lands so notoriously known to be the their plaids had been wrapped in imitation of 
 
 propertv of Great Britain, and demanded their petticoats. Foaming with rage they rushed for- 
 
 immediate and peaceable departure. In his ward, abandoning their muskets and drawing 
 
 answer, St. Pierre said he had acted in accordance their broadswords; but their fury was in vain, 
 
 with the commands of his general, that he would for when they reached a point where the fort sliould 
 
 forward Governor Dinwiddie's letter to the have been in sight, there was notiiing between them 
 
 Marquis Duquesne, and await his orders. and the hills on the opposite banks of the Monon- 
 
 It was on his return journey that Washington gahela and Allegheny but a mass of blackened and 
 
 twice escaped death. First from the gim of a smoldering ruins. The enemy, after l)urning the 
 
 French Indian; then in attempting to cross the barracks and storehouses, had blown up the fortifi- 
 
 Allegheny, which was filled with ice, on a raft, cations and retreated, some down the Ohio, others 
 
 which he and his companions had hastily con- overland to Presque Isle, and others up the Alle- 
 
 structed with tlie help of one hatchet between gheny to Venango. — Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, 
 
 them. He was thrown into the river and narrowly Float — "The French and Indian War" (1758). 
 
 escaped drowning; but Gist succeeded in dragging The ruins of the fort; the defeat of the French 
 
 him out of the water, and the party landed on and Indians by the English and Colonial forces 
 
 Wainwrights Island, al)C)Ut opposite the foot of represented by a lion rampant over the body of a 
 
 Thirty-third Street. < )n making his report French soldier; French and Indians crouching 
 Washington recommended that a fort be Ijuilt 
 at the forks of the Ohio.— Fort Duquesne and 
 Fort Pitt. 
 
 Float — "Representing tiie raising of the British 
 Flag over the ruins of Fort Dufjuesne in 1758." 
 
 General Forbes and Andrew Carnegie. Colon- 
 ial and highland soldiers and drummer bo\-. 
 
 On November 18, 1758, 2,500 picked men. led 
 
 by General Forbes, without tents or baggage, settlers Ijy the Indians: the burning cabin and the 
 
 without wagons or artillery except a few light prisoner being tortured at the stake by liis Indian 
 
 pieces, began theii march. captors. 
 
 On the evening of the 24th they encamped on Conspiracy of Pontiac. 
 
 the hills around Turtle Creek, and at midnight The definite treaty of peace between England, 
 
 (202) 
 
 cannon and 
 
 behind the ruins of the fort, their 
 firearms Ijroken. 
 
 I-"loat — "The luirly Settlers" (1759-1764). 
 Tht- flangers surrounding the pioneer portrayed 
 by the log caljin in tlie forest and the nearby 
 Indian camp and warriors. 
 
 Float — "The Pontiac War." 
 
 Showing the atrocities practiced upon the early 
 
FLOAT REPRESEXTIXG THE FRENXH AM) IXIJIAX WAR 
 
 Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 
 (175S) 
 
 Courtesy Chroniclr 
 
 "THE EARLY SETTLERS" (1759-1764) 
 The dangers surrounding the pioneer portrayed by the log cabin in the forest, and the nearby Indian campand warriors 
 
 (203) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Spain and France was signed February lo, 1763, 
 but before tliat time Pontiac, the great chief of 
 the Ottawas, was planning his c()ns])iracy which 
 carried death and desolation throughout the 
 frontier. 
 
 When the news of this Indian uprising reached 
 General Amherst he ordered Colonel Boucjuet to 
 march with a detachment of 500 men to the relief 
 of the besieged forts. Detroit was saved after a 
 a l(Mig and close siege. Forts Pitt and Niagara 
 narrowl}- escaped, while I.e Boeuf, Venango, 
 Pres(|ue Isle, Miamis, St. Joseph, Ouachtanon, 
 Sandusky and Michillimackinac all fell into the 
 hands of the Indians. Their garrisons were either 
 butchered on the spot, or carried off to be tortured 
 for the amusement of their cruel captors. 
 
 "On July 25th, Bouquet reached Fort Bedford, 
 where he was fortunate in securing twenty back- 
 woodsmen to go with him. This little army toiled 
 on through the blazing heat of July over the 
 -VHeghanies, and reached Fort Ligonier August 
 2d, the Indians, who had besieged the fort for two 
 months, disappearing at the approach of the troop. 
 Here l)OUi|Uft left his o.xen and wagons and re- 
 sumed his march on the 4th. On the 5th, about 
 noon, he encountered the enemy at Bushy Run. 
 The battle raged for two days, and ended in a 
 total rout of the savages. The loss of the British 
 was 115 men and 8 oflicers. The distance to 
 I'ort Pitt was 25 miles, which place was reached 
 on the loth. The enemy had abandoned the siege 
 and marched to unite their forces with those which 
 
 attacked Colonel Bouquet at Bushy Run. The 
 savages continued their hasty retreat, but Colonel 
 Bou(|uet's force was not sulTcient lo enable him to 
 pursue the enemy beyond the Ohio, and he was 
 obliged to content himself with supplying Fort 
 Pitt and other forts with ])rovisions, ammunition 
 and stores. 
 
 It was at this time (1764) that Colonel Bouquet 
 built the little redoubt which is now not onlv all 
 that remains of Fort Pitt, but the onlv existing 
 monument of British occupancy in the region. — 
 Fort Du(]uesnc and Fort Pitt. 
 
 Float — "The Wars of 1770 and 1812." 
 
 Tableau svmbolizing the victory of the colonists 
 over the English forces. The Rising Sun of 
 Liberty dissipating the clouds of war. 
 
 During the struggle for independence the settle- 
 ments west of the .Mleghanies had little to fear 
 from the invading armies of Great Britain; but 
 influenced by the English the Indians again began 
 their ravages. 
 
 Fort Pitt was at this time under the command 
 of Captain John X^evillc, and was the center of 
 Government authority. Just two days after the 
 Declaration of Independence, but long before the 
 ncus of it could have cro.ssed the mountains, we 
 read of a conference at Fort Pitt between Major 
 Trent, Major A\'ard, Captain Xeville and other 
 olticcrs of the garrison, with the famous Pontiac, 
 Guyasuta, Captain Pipe and other representatives 
 of the Si.x Xations. Guyasuta was the chief 
 speaker. — Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt. 
 
 (204) 
 
'THE POXTIAC WAR- 
 
 LViurlc^y (I;i7f1tc I ime^ 
 
 Showing the atrocities practiced upon the early settlers by the Iidians. the burnin ; cabin, and the prisoner being tortured at the 
 stake by his Indian captors. 
 
 Courtesy Oizclte-Times 
 
 I-LO.\T RKPKKSKNTI.Vt; "THK WARS OK 1776 AND 1812" 
 
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 (206) 
 
_,, f II - o Courtesy Dispatch 
 
 Ihe following Scotchmen who took a prominent part in the Sesqui-ccntennial are: Thomas P. Jenkinson, George McRav Xn^us 
 
 Moir, Donald McKay, James McNichoI, Thomas Gow, Alex. McDonald, Alex. McLeod, Joe McKenzie, Samuel Dou.'al Robe'rl Mill 
 
 WiUiam Craig, .Andrew Forsyth. 
 
 COK.NPLANTER INDIANS MARCHING 
 Headed by Chief Thomas \V. Jacobs 
 
 Courtesy Gazette-Times 
 
 (207) 
 
FLOAT REPRKSEXTIXG THli ARMY, 1S61-65, MANNED AND EQUIPPED BY YOUNG MEN 
 
 FIFE AM) DRUM CORl'S Ci)Mr(JSi;D OK VETERANS OF THE CI\1!. WAR IX 
 (GREATER PITTSHURGH DAY PARADE 
 
 (208) 
 

 
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0\1-; HUXDRED BOYS FROM GRADE iCilUULS, REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTARY SCliiJUl> ' 'I 11 rTSBURGH 
 
 ONE HUNDRED YOUNG MEN FROM THE PITTSBURGH HIGH SCHOOL, REPRESENTING THE SECONDARY 
 
 SCHOOLS OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 (2 I 2) 
 
FLOAT REPRESEXTIXG HIGHER EDUCATION 
 The Ijuildings of the proposed University of Pittsburgh, surrounded by figures in cap and gown, representing the various professions 
 
 ONE HUNDRED MEN FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, REPRESENTING HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 (213) 
 
CARNEGIE TECHNICAL SCHOOL FLOAT 
 "Education and Labor" 
 From left to rit;lit; George H. Clapp. Chairman Executive Committee University of Pittsburgh, Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor 
 University of Pittsburgh, Rev. S. B. Linhart, Secretary University of Pittsburgh, Dr. William J. Holland, Vice-President C. \V. Fairbanks, 
 Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Dr. J. A. Brashear; George C. Palmer, architect, and General Horace Porter. 
 
 (214) 
 
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CHARLES J. GRAHAM 
 Marshal. Manufacturirs' Division, Greater riuslmrgh Day Parade 
 
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 Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade Aiil Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
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 Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
 I), li. COHLI-; 
 Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh T)ay I'aradc 
 
 J. R. SWIl-T 
 Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 
 
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FRANK R. BABCOCK 
 Marshal Eighth Division 
 
 ADAM WILSON 
 Aid to Marshal Babcock 
 
 SAML. McCLEMENTS 
 Aid to Marshal Babcock 
 
 (232) 
 
O. H. BABCOCK 
 Aid to Marshal Babcock 
 
 E. M. DIEBOLD 
 Aid to Marshal Babco.k 
 
 H. L. BLIND 
 Aid to Marshal Babcock 
 
 W. M. FURRY 
 Aid to Marshal Babcock 
 
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EUWIX M. HILL 
 President Retail Lumber Dealers Association 
 
 WALTER E. AHLERS 
 Treasurer Retail Lumber Dealers Association 
 
 ALBERT J. RIGHTOR 
 Secretary Retail Lumber Dealers Association 
 
 (241) 
 
 JAMES J. MUNN 
 Retail Lumber Dealers Assccialion 
 
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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 MARDI GRAS ON SOUTH SIDE 
 
 devoted their attention to the merry-go-round, 
 the Ferris Avheel and dodging nigger, the country 
 
 Twenty thousand people lined Carson Street, circus, the hootchie-koochie show, and the various 
 South Side, last night to witness the Mardi Gras other means of entertainment provided, 
 parade arranged by the business men of that About 7 o'clock the advance guard of the mas- 
 section as a precurser to the great parade that is qucraders appeared and from that on until after 
 to take place this afternoon. Last night every- midnight King Fun held full sway, 
 thing that conduced to fun and a good tinx- was There was the regulation tickler fiends who 
 permitted. There was no roughness and a very threw confetti, the ones who toted along a cow- 
 little disorder, and the merry thousands who bell and the ones who tried to turn the sidewalks 
 participated in the jollification enjoyed themselves into football fields, 
 to their hearts' content. On the whole, however, the affair was quite 
 
 The South Side celebration is intended primarily orderly, and none there was who overstepped the 
 
 for South Siders. Msitors from other sections of bounds, the aforesaid bounds being judged from 
 
 the city are welcome: they were even permitted a IMardi Gras standpoint. 
 
 yesterday to participate in the several athletic There had been no arrests made up until it 
 
 contests held at the recreation grounds in South o'clock, and at the South Thirteenth Street 
 
 Twenty-second Street and South Ninth Street, station it was reported that no accidents had 
 
 These contests were indulged in by young and occurred, 
 
 old alike, and substantial prizes were provided One pleasing feature about the South Side cele- 
 
 by the merchants for each e\'ent. 
 
 The chief feature yesterday was the setting at 
 liberty (for a while) of the greased pig. The 
 porker, weighing 150 pounds, went to the person 
 who caught it. .\lso there went alono a bo.x of 
 soap and several other prizes. 
 
 The pig was kept in the cellar of a saloon at 
 Carson and South Twelth Streets, and no person 
 
 bration was that many former residents of the 
 district took ad\-antage of the occasion to return 
 "home" for a time, if only long enough to say 
 "How d'ye do?" to the friends and acquaintances 
 of the long ago. 
 
 Scores of former friends who had not met 
 for from five to fifteen years renewed their friend- 
 ship yesterday , and other scores will do the same 
 
 outside the committee was supposed to know to-dav. 
 
 when it would be turned loose. The men who liuve labored so arduously for 
 
 This resulted in thousands of people taking the success of the South Side celebration have as 
 
 up their stand along Carson from South Tenth their chairman John Reeves, for many years boss 
 
 to South Thirteenth Streets and Avaiting there millwright in the mills of the Oliver Iron and 
 
 for hours in the hopes of being the lucky one. Steel company. 
 
 Finally, about 5 p. m., the crowd began thinning Every merchant, business man and professional 
 out. Then the pig made its appearance. Brought man, as well as most of the private citizens of 
 up from the cellar and prodded with a sharp the South Side has worked hard to make the 
 stick, the porker stood demoralized for a moment; atTair a success. The committee .\ssisting chair- 
 then it gave vent to a squeal of fright and indig- man Reeves consists of John Dunker, Lawrence 
 nation. Byers, Joliii Hergn ann, John Patch, David 
 
 Finally, after a half-hour's hot sport, the porker Hughes, August Kriel, W. R. Paulin, George 
 
 was captured by a man after it had dodged under Long, Charles Long. George A. Jones, Thomas 
 
 a stand in the market house. Friedel and J. B. Focrster. Nearly $2,000 was 
 
 During the early hours of the evening theVrowds raised by subscription. 
 
 (247) 
 
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 (248) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 GUESTS AT DUQUESNE CLUB DINNER 
 
 MR. LEE S. SMITH, Prcsidc-m ChamlR-r of Commerce. 
 
 HON, EDWIN S. STUART, (iovernor of Pennsvlvania. 
 
 MR. F. R. B.VBCOCK, \ice-President Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 HON. ROBERT S. MURPHV, Lieutenant-Governor of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 MR. D. P. BL.\CK. Vice-President Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 HON. S. W. PEXNYP.\CKER, ex-Clovernor. Penn- 
 svlvania. 
 
 HON. W. A. STONE, ex-Oovernor Pennsvlvania. 
 
 GENERAL T. J. STEWART, Adjutani-c'leneral National 
 Guard, Pennsylvania. 
 
 MR. D. C. RIPLEY, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 HON. JOHN DALZELL, Member Congress. 
 
 Mr. E."A. KITZMILLER, Director Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 HON. JOHN D. SHAFER, Allegheny County Court. 
 
 MR. ]. W. KINNEAR, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Hon! J. M. SWEARINGEN, Allegheny County Court. 
 
 MR. .\. 1. KELLY, Jr., Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 HON. W. H. GRAHAM, Member Congress. 
 
 MR. JAS. A. HENDERSON, Director Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 W. B. RODGERS, Esq., Citv Solicitor. 
 
 COLONEL C. A. ROOK, Governor's staff. 
 
 HON. lAMES F. BURKE, Alember Congreess. 
 
 COLONEL FRANK G. SWEENEY, Governor's stalT. 
 
 COLONEL J. P. PENNEY, Governor's staff. 
 
 COLONEL J. M. REID, Governor's staff. 
 
 MR. W. G. WILKINS, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 COLONEL OLIVER S. HERSHMAN, Governor's staff. 
 
 COLONEL J. W. HUTCHINS, Governor's staff. 
 
 COLONEL L. T. BROWN, Governor's staff. 
 
 COLONEL J. R. WIGGINS, Governor's staff. 
 
 COLONEL LEWIS E. BEITLER, (lovernor's staff. 
 
 MR. HAMILTON STEWART, Director Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 COLONEL FRED E. PUSEY, Governor's staff. 
 
 HON. A. B. MILLAR, Secretary to Governor. 
 
 MR. A. M. H.\N.\UER, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 SERGEANT W. L. HICKS, Governor's Staff. 
 
 MR. JOHN EICHLEAY, Jr., Director Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 HON. E. R. WALTERS, Pre.sident Select Council. 
 
 -MR. A. J. BIHLER, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 MR. JOHN C. OLIVER, Member of Common Council. 
 
 MR. SAMUEL McELR(JY, Member of Common Council. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM BRAND, President Common Council. 
 
 MR. E. P. EBBi;kTS, Memljer F.nlertainment Committee. 
 
 MR. lOHN W. ROBINSON, Allegheny Citizens. 
 
 REV. F. P. W.VRD 
 
 MR. OTTO F. FELIX, Director Chaml)er of Comnuive. 
 
 MR. T. D. HARMAN, Pittsburgh Boiud of Trade. 
 
 MR. I. E. HIRSCH, \olksljiatt und Freights Freund. 
 
 MR. MARCUS RAUH, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 MR. W. H. NEELY, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Director Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 MR. JOHN B. B.VRBOUR, Jr., Chairman Committee 
 on Entertainment. 
 
 GENERAL H. M. NE\IUS, Commander-in-Chief (irand 
 .\rmv (>( Repulilic. 
 
 MAJOR A. P. BURCHFIELD, Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 MR. I()HN H. lONES, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 HON. JOHN M. GOEHRING, Member of State 
 Legislature. 
 
 DR. S. B. McCORMICK, Chancellor University of 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 MR. D. F. COLLINGWOOD, Member Committee on 
 Entertainment. 
 
 MR. W. S. BROWN, Member Entertainment Committee. 
 
 HON. CYRUS E. WOODS, Member State Legislature. 
 
 MR. R. H. BOGGS. 
 
 DR. A. A. HAMERSCHLAG, Director Carnegie Technical 
 Schools. 
 
 MR. ROBERT GARLAXD. Director Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 MR. A. P. MOORE, "Pittsburgh Leader." 
 
 HON. ROBERT McAFEE, Secretary of the Common- 
 wealth. 
 
 HON. lOHN M. KENNEDY, Alleghenv Counlv Court. 
 
 CAPT.-UX W. B. RODGERS, Director Chamber 'of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 MR. J. \\. M.VRSH, Director Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 HON. JAMES W. BROWN 
 
 HON. WILLIAM METCALF. Jr.. Member Select Coun- 
 cil. 
 
 REAR-ADMIRAL GEORGE C. REITER. United .States 
 Navv. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM L. JONES, Director Chaml)cr of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 HON. W. P. POTTER, Pennsvlvania Suj^reme Couri. 
 
 DR. JOHN A. BRASHEAR 
 
 HON. S. LESLIE MESTREZ.VF. Pennsylvania Sui>reme 
 Court. 
 
 MR. JOHN EATON, President of Chamber of Commerce 
 at the time llie Greater Piltsburgii Bill was enacted. 
 
 GENERAL HORACE PORTl'.R, guest of Ciiv. 
 
 HON. ERIC COLLIER, of Enghmd, gue.st of'ciiv. 
 
 MR. C. E. E. CHILDERS, Entertainment Committee. 
 
 HON. ARTHUR FORBES, of Scotland, guest of citv. 
 
 MR. H. D. W. ENGLISH, Cliairman Greater Pittsburgh 
 Day Committee. 
 
 GENERAL S. B. M. VOUXC, Grand Marshal (Ireater 
 Pittsburgh Dav. 
 
 MR. W. H. STE\i;XSoN, Chairman Executive Com- 
 mittee Greater Pittsburgh Dav. 
 
 HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE, Mayor City of Pitts- 
 burgh. 
 
 HON. CHAS. W. FAIRBANKS, \ice-President United 
 Slates of .-\merica. 
 
 MR. LOG.VN McKEE, Secretary Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 (249) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE DINES 
 CITY'S GUESTS 
 
 Followint; an informal banquet at the Duquesnc 
 Club last evening, at which the directors of the 
 Chamber of Commerce and the city's guests were 
 entertained, a reception was tendered them at the 
 rooms of the Chamber of Commerce, with many 
 of the formost business men of Pittsburgh in at- 
 tendance. 
 
 The rooms were decorated with a splendid 
 showing of the city and national colors, the State 
 and city seals being much in evidence. Music 
 was furnished by an orchestra concealed behind 
 a bank of i)alms. 
 
 In the receiving line were: Vice-President 
 Charles W. Fairbanks, Governor Edwin S. Stuart, 
 Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. Murphy, ex- 
 Governor S. W. Pennypacker, ex- Governor W. 
 A. Stone, Adjutant-General A. T. Stewart, Arthur 
 Forbes, Eric Collier, General S. B. M. Young, 
 General Horace Porter, Supreme Court Judges 
 W. P. Potter, S. L. Mestrezat, Congressmen 
 [olin Dal/.ell, James F. Burke, W. H. Graham, 
 Commander-in-Chief H. M. Nevius, G. A. R., 
 members Governor's military staff, Lee S. Smith, 
 president Chamber of Commerce; William H. 
 Stevens, vice-president: F. R. Babcock, Judges 
 Robert S. Shafcr and J. TI. Swearingen, and 
 Secretary of Commonwealth Robert ]NLicAfee. 
 
 In an informal manner several of the distin- 
 guished guests were introduced by the Presiflent 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, Lee S. Smith, and 
 responded with short speeches. 
 
 Ex-Governor Pennypacker was introduced as 
 the "Daddy of Greater Pittsburgh," and spoke 
 as follows: 
 
 "Mr. Chairman and Gentiemen of the Chamber 
 of Commerce: Agreeable and satisfactory as 
 have been the results of to-day's demonstration 
 of the energy and capability of the city of Pitts- 
 burgh, I am here unhapjjy, disappointed, mis- 
 led, betrayed. When they sent to me the olTicial 
 program of the demonstration I saw that there 
 
 (2 
 
 was to be a parade, a dinner at 7 -.^o and a recep- 
 tion at 8:30, and I thought that there would be 
 no opportunity of making speeches. Here I am 
 made mournful to lind that I am 'up against it. ' 
 
 "Just after the War of Rebellion, in the Shen- 
 andoah valley, in the State of \^irginia, when 
 Sheridan, instructed by General Grant, had 
 burned every barn, every mill for 100 miles, this 
 story is told : Following in Sheridan's wake, many 
 who deserted from the Confederate armv were 
 promptly hanged. Among those captured was 
 a Pennsylvania Dutchman, who after his cap- 
 ture was prompdy hurried to the rear. 'Vat 
 arc you vellers goin' to do mit me?' he inquired. 
 'We are going to hang \ou,' was the reply. 'Veil, 
 vatefer is the rule,' replied the Dutchman. 
 
 " The Pennsylvania Dutchman is the represen- 
 tative of the race, and whatever is the rule I am 
 bound to follow. 
 
 "Greater Pittsburgh is the result of conditions 
 that came about naturallv. Among those that 
 may be given credit for this I mention first the 
 newspapers that agitated it. Credit also must 
 be given to the skilled lawA'ers wlio framed the 
 charter and the members of the Legislature that 
 saw it passed. There is nothing in my public ca- 
 reer of which I am more proud than the passage 
 of that bill. 
 
 Pittsburgh is impregnable in location, more 
 so than any other American city. \Mien Thomas 
 Jefferson made the Louisiana purchase from France 
 he thought that the ^Mississippi valley would 
 become the great waterway of the country. The 
 railroads have interfered with this to some extent 
 in the present day, but the time will come when 
 the waterwa}s will be restored to their former 
 greatness and this will become. the greatest city 
 in llie world. 
 
 For a long time there was a question as to 
 whether France or England would dominate on 
 this continent. .\t one time Fort Duquesne, 
 owned by tlie French, was in the center, when to 
 the right was the St. LawTcnce River and to the 
 left was .\ew Orleans. When England gained 
 
 50) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the domination of this center it changed the whole 
 of Europe. 
 
 "We have heard much talk here of late of 
 predatory wealth, but at the present time we must 
 admit that money is the power that rules, the 
 greatest power in the world, and of this Pittsburgh 
 has been made by nature the greatest center in the 
 world. 
 
 And Pittsburgh at the present time stands, as 
 does the National Government, for the spirit of 
 modern progress and advancement." 
 
 Vice-President Fairbanks made a short speech, 
 thanking the members for their generous hos- 
 pitality and kindly welcome. He said that he 
 contrasted in his mind the hearty welcome that 
 he had received at the event with the welcome 
 that he received when he was a boy coming to 
 this city from college thirty-five years ago, but 
 he had found that the hearts had not changed 
 since then in their highest expressions of cordiality. 
 
 He said that he had heard much of Greater 
 Pittsburgh, but that he did not like the expression, 
 as he thought that it would be better to say " Great 
 Pittsburgh, " and to look to the future for a " Great- 
 er Pittsburgh." 
 
 He stated that he was interested in the talk 
 of a highway to Philadelphia and another to the 
 West, which the establishment of a great water 
 way from Pittsburgh would mean. He said that 
 the opening of a great highway to the Western 
 country was to be greatly desired, for its impor- 
 tance in a commercial way. 
 
 He closed by saying that there was no pessim- 
 ism in his view of the city of Pittsburgh, as had 
 he ever been inclined to such a view the magni- 
 ficent spectacle of the day would (|uickly cause 
 it to vanish. 
 
 Go\'ernor Stuart then made a short speech 
 in which he spoke of the e\-ents of the dav as 
 
 being the most inspiring spectacle that he had 
 ever mtnessed in his life, and the most inspiring 
 part of it was the great body of American citizens 
 that he had seen taking part and witnessing the 
 spectacle, all looking prosperous and progressive. 
 
 The (Governor paid his respects to the Flag, 
 which, he said, stood to-day for what William Penn 
 stood 200 5'ears ago — civilization and liberty. 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor Murphv made an address 
 in which he said that the growth of the city of 
 Pittsburgh from 1758 to 1908 had been the most 
 marvelous in the history of the world, and due to 
 the high ability of the men who had taken part in 
 the growth of the city. He spoke of the city 
 as a queenly city and the most magnificent in- 
 dustrial center in the world. 
 
 Mayor Guthrie then, in a few words, said that 
 the speakers before had voiced his sentiments 
 and that he was in favor of the movement to make 
 the IMonongahcla and .Allegheny rivers more nav- 
 igable and the establishment of more intimate 
 commercial relations \\-ith the West. 
 
 He thanked the members of the Chamber of 
 Commerce for the important part that they had 
 taken in the celebration of the week. He also 
 voiced the gratitude of the city to the foreign guests 
 who had come from a distance to help in the more 
 fitting celebration of the great event. 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor R. S. ^lurphv in his 
 speech referred to Pittsburgh as "the most mag- 
 nificent industrial center of the world, and spoke 
 of its marvelous growth from 1758 lo igoS, and 
 offered a warm testimonial to the enterprise of 
 Pittsl)urgh's public-minded men and women 
 who have assisted in its growth and development. 
 
 Members of the Chamber of Commerce having 
 charge of the reception were John B. Barber,Jr., 
 chairman; Robert Gail, W. S. Hrown. F. P. 
 Fveritts and D. F. Collin^wood. 
 
 (251) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 NOTABLES ON REVIEWING STAND 
 
 In the rcvicwin,!^^ stand with Mayor George \\'. 
 Guthrie were \'ice-President Charles Warren 
 Fairbanks, Governor E. S. Stuart, Lieutenant 
 Governor Robert S. Murphy, General S. B. M. 
 Young, Adjutant-General T. J. Stewart, former 
 Governor Samuel Penn}packcr, former Gov- 
 ernor W. A. Stone, Colonel John P. Penne\', 
 General Horace C. Porter, Captain Janus W. 
 Porter, Colonel S. W. Jeffries, Majors Harr\- G. 
 Koerner, William O. :McNary, C. C. \Mlcy. 
 Captains Ralph E. Flinn and Harry B. Bunting, 
 Lieutenant Curtis Hussey, Cadets Albert H. 
 Acher, Robert W. Clark, Kenneth B. Harmon, 
 Joseph C. Morrow, Jr., Paul Sorg Reinecke, John 
 W. Stewart, John R. Walker, Maurice D. Welty, 
 and John May Howell of the U. S. M. A.; Ed- 
 ward Abi'l, J. H. Bair, D. P. Black, W. H. Brown, 
 Colonel Samuel Ilarck'n Church, Jolin B. Jackson, 
 A. j. Kelly, Jr., W. K. Steele, Joseph W. Marsh, 
 lion. [. ]. Miller, Colonel Chambers McKibben, 
 Henry McKnight, John II. Ricketson, Jr., Dr. 
 C. P. Si-i]i, E. Z. Smith, Francis J. Torrance, A. 
 Leo WlmI, H. 1). W. English, W. II. Stevenson, 
 GovL'rnor Stuart's staff, consisting of Colonels 
 Frank G. Sweeney, Oliver S. Hershman, C. A. 
 Rook, James M. Reid. !,. T. Brown, Lewis E. 
 BcitliT, |. \\'arner Hutchins, J. K. Wiggins and 
 1'"ri1 T. I'us(.'v, and .\. li. Millar, pri\ale secre- 
 tary to Governor Stuart; Justices S. Leslie Mes- 
 tresat and William P. Potter, Judges Joseph Buf- 
 fington, James M. ^■oung. R. S. Frazer, Joseph 
 M. Swearingen, J. M. Kennedy and Wm. G. 
 Hawkins, Jr., Representatives JanKs l-'rancis 
 
 I)urke, John Dalzull and Wm. II. Graham, State 
 Senators John M. Goehring, U. A. Wilbert, Cyrus 
 ^^'oods and John W. Crawford, Deputy Mayor 
 Charles F. Kirschler, Controller E. S. Morrow, 
 City Solicitor William B. Rodgers, Councilmen 
 E. R. Walters, John C. Oliver, William Brand 
 and Samuel McElroy, Colonel A. J. Logan, T. D. 
 Ilarman, George C. Reiter, R. H. Boggs, Rev. 
 Francis P. Ward, John W. Robinson, Robert 
 )^Icafee, Lee S. Smith, John Eaton, H. J. Heinz, 
 William L. Jones, Joseph W. Brown, George T. 
 Oliver, I. E. Hirsch, Director E. G. Lang, Colonel 
 J. M. Schoonmaker, Colonel E. J. Allen, General 
 Xevius and Major A. P. Burchfield. 
 
 In the box to the right were the Misses Pitt- 
 Taylor, Mrs. Charles Warren Fairbanks, Mrs. 
 \\'arren Fairbanks, Hon. Eric Collier, Mrs. George 
 W. Guthrie, Mrs. H. D. W. English, Mrs. E. T. 
 Cassidy, ^Irs. James W. Brown, Mrs. William 
 II. Rea, Mrs. W. H. Stevenson, Miss Rachel 
 Aiken, Miss .Vnna Stevenson, Miss Patterson, 
 Mr. and Mrs. William Metcalf, Jr., C. E. E. 
 Childers, A. H. Burchfield. 
 
 In the box to the left were Miss 2\Iartha Wash- 
 ington, Mrs. Robert S. Murphy, ]\Ir. and Mrs. 
 .\rthur Forbes, Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., Dr. and 
 Mrs. ^\■. j. Holland, Director an<l Mr>. .\rlhur 
 Ilamerschlag, Mr. anfl Mrs. Herbert Dupuy, Mr. 
 and Mrs. E. M. Bigelow, Mr. and Mrs. James I. 
 Kay, Mrs. John (;. Ilolnu's, R. W. Guthrie, Dr. 
 John .\. Brashear, Mrs. D. P. Black, Captain 
 and Mrs. James .\. Henderson, Postmaster W. 
 11. Da\is, Chancellor and Mrs. S. I',. McCormick. 
 
 (252) 
 
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(^55) 
 
GEORGI-: H. CLAl'l' 
 
 Master of Ceremonies Corner Stone Laying School of 
 
 Mines Building, University of Pittsburgh 
 
 SAMUEL A. TAYLOR 
 
 Commitlec on University of Pittsburgh Corner 
 
 Stone Laying 
 
 T. iL B. Mcknight 
 
 Committee on University of Pittsburgh Corner 
 Stone Laying 
 
 (256) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 LAYING OF CORNER-STONE OF SCHOOL OF MINES BUILDING 
 
 Friday, October 2d, will always be remembered 
 as an important date in the history of the Univer- 
 sity of Pittsburgh. On that date the corner-stone 
 of the first building on the new campus was laid 
 with appropriate ceremonies. 
 
 It was arranged that this event should be a 
 part of the Sesqui-Centennial celebration to follow 
 immediately after the laying of the corner-stone 
 of the Soldiers' Alemorial. 
 
 Just before the exercises at the Soldiers' Mem- 
 orial began, the trustees, members of the faculty 
 and students of the University, to the number of 
 over five hundred, formed in line on either side 
 of Grant Boulevard and saluted the flags of the 
 veterans as they marched up the boulevard on 
 their way to their places in front of the ^lemorial 
 Building. 
 
 Immediately after the corner-stone of the mem- 
 orial was laid the speakers, invited guests and 
 representatives of the University proceeded to the 
 School of Mines Building, where a large audience 
 had assembled and the following program was 
 carried out, the addresses of the various speakers 
 being given in full. The following guests of the 
 City of Pittsburgh at the Sesqui-Centennial cele- 
 bration were present on the platform : }kliss Hester 
 Louise Pitt-Taylor, Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, 
 and Hon. Eric CoUyer, of London; Mr. and Mrs. 
 Arthur Forbes, of Edinburgh, and Miss Martha 
 Washington, of Philadelphia. 
 
 PROGRAM 
 
 George Hubbard Clapj), Class of 1877, President of the 
 Board of Trustees, presiding. 
 
 Invocation — Rt. Rev. Cortlandt Whitehead, D. D. 
 
 Song — "Veni, Vidi, Vici" — Students of the University, 
 Prof. Ferdinand Bcrger, Director. 
 
 .Address — Hon. (Icorge Wilkins Guthrie, Class of 1866, 
 Mayor of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Address — William J. Holland, I). 1).. 1. 1.. I)., ex- 
 Chancellor of the University. 
 
 Addre.ss — Hon. Kflwin S. Stuart, Governor of I'cnn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 (2 
 
 Address — Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice-President 
 of the United States. 
 
 Address — Hon. John O. Sheatz, Treasurer of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 Address — Dr. John A. Brashear. 
 
 Laying of the Corner-Stone — Chancellor Samuel Black 
 McCormick. 
 
 Hymn — ''.America." 
 
 Benediction— Rev. Matthew Brown Riddle, D. D., LL. D. 
 
 SONG — VENI, VIDI, VICI. 
 
 Many years we have been peering 
 
 Through a mist of gloom. 
 Hoping that our Alma Mater, 
 
 Might secure a home. 
 Uni, Uni, rough thy path 
 
 As thy steps ascend, 
 But thy sons are loyal, true. 
 
 And will be to the end. 
 
 Now at last the mist is lifted, 
 
 And through it we see 
 Visions of a grand and mighty 
 
 University. 
 "Veni, Vidi, et Vici," 
 
 Caesar did exclaim, 
 Again the Rubicon is crossed. 
 
 To Pittsburgh, be the fame. 
 
 In the future soon (31d Uni 
 
 Glorious will rise. 
 Reared against the blue of heaven. 
 
 Framed by golden skies. 
 Sons of Uni, shout aloud, joy proc laim, 
 
 Proud, victorious, true, 
 .\nd with willing iiands uphold 
 
 The valiant Gold and Blue. 
 
 ADDRESS OF .M.\YOR GfTHRIE 
 
 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, Stu- 
 dents of the University: I feel it a pleasure and 
 an honor to be with you to-day and participate in 
 this service. It seems eminently fit and proper that 
 these services of the laying of the corner-stone 
 of our building should fall in connection with the 
 laying of the corner-stone of that glorious mem- 
 
 57) 
 
BENJAMIN' THAW 
 Committee on University of Pittsburgh Corner- 
 stone Laying 
 
 ROBERT PITCAIRN 
 Committee on University of Piltshurgh Comer- 
 Stone Laying 
 
 (258) 
 
 HOWARD HEINZ 
 Committee on University of Pittsburgh Comer- 
 Stone Laying 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 orial which is to stand opposite, a memorial of 
 heroism and devotion to duty that should inspire 
 us and all men in the years to come; that you 
 should now, when such a great memorial has been 
 started, a memorial of great deeds of the past — 
 that you should here lay this corner-stone, plant 
 the seeds which we hope will blossom into death- 
 less deeds as great and glorious as those w'hich have 
 been performed in the past. The greatest work 
 of the State, the greatest work of civilization is 
 not making money, is not building great buildings, 
 glorious and beautiful as they may be, but build- 
 ing character, making men ; and it is truer in this 
 republic than anywhere else that the safety and 
 perpetuity of the republic itself, the stability of 
 our institutions, the permanence of our civilization, 
 rest upon the character of our people. And if 
 w^e would ha\e this nation continue great and 
 strong, we must take steps which will build up in 
 our people a character, a nature, a disposition, 
 a will to make this nation, to make our Gov- 
 ernment that which it should be for all time, that 
 of a free, liberty-loving, self-governing people, 
 who respect the rights of others and will ha^•e the 
 rights which belong to them as the gift of their 
 Creator. 
 
 "I hope that this great building now being 
 erected will be but the predecessor of others to ac- 
 company it, and that from these walls will go forth 
 in the years to come a constant stream of men and 
 women, trained to the duties of life, trained in 
 heart and mind to meet the responsibilities of 
 life and to carry forward the w^ork of this great 
 nation, which has been saved by the heroes whom 
 we commemorated a moment ago, and whicli, 
 under the blessing of God, will blossom in all the 
 years to come with heroism as great as theirs. 
 .\nd let me tell you, your daily duty as citizens 
 of this country call for as great devotion, heroism 
 of the mind if not of the body, which enables you 
 to meet the problems of civilization and to solve 
 them without fear, to face, if need be, temporary 
 opposition, abuse and denunciation, if you are 
 fortified in your hearts with the knowledge that 
 
 (2 
 
 what you stand for is the truth and the God and 
 the salvation of your country. 
 
 ''Wishing to our University prosperity and long 
 years of usefulness, I bid you godspeed in your 
 work. " 
 
 ADDRESS OF DR. HOLLAND 
 
 "Mr. Vice-President, Your E.xcellency, Mr. 
 Chancellor, Fellow Students: The product of 
 the coal mines of Pennsylvania exceeds in value the 
 product of all other mines in this state, and e.x- 
 ceed in value the product of all mines of precious 
 metals on the continent of North America. This 
 fact properlv impressed upon the minds of those 
 who were in charge of the destinies of this insti- 
 tution some lifteen years ago, led them to think 
 that Pittsburgh, located in the heart of this bitu- 
 minous coal field, was a fitting site in which to es- 
 tablish a school of mines; and in order to do 
 that, we felt that we had need of the aid of the 
 generous mother of us all, the Commonwealth. 
 I do not knoAV whether the illustrious occupant of 
 the White House woukl entirely approve of what 
 we did, in these times of strenuous thinking in 
 reference to political matters. But the represen- 
 tatives of Allegheny County were invited to dinner 
 one day in a house the roof of which I see over 
 yonder, and they agreed that the University of 
 this city deserved to have some legislative assist- 
 ance. Thanks to the kind efforts of several of 
 those who have passed aw-ay and whom we love 
 to tliink of pleasantly and to honor in our thought. 
 Senator Matthew Stanley Quay, Hon. Christo- 
 pher Lyman Magee, and their associates, the 
 proper legislation w-as introduced and passed, 
 and Governor Hastings signed the bill creating the 
 Western Pennsylvania School of Mining Engineer- 
 ing, carrying an a|)propriation of fifty thousand 
 dollars. We asked for two hundred antl fifty 
 thousand; we got only fifty. That fifty was con- 
 ditioned upon our raising another fifty; and the 
 fluty of soliciting that fifty fell upon our humble 
 servant. Tlianks to the generosity of Mr. Magee, 
 who contributed ten thousand dollars, of ^Irs. 
 
 59) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 George B. Edwards, of the late ]Mr. Charles 
 Lockhart, and another gentleman who insisted 
 that his name should not be mentioned in connec- 
 tion with his gift of five thousand dollars, we 
 quickly had twentj^-five thousand. And then 
 the other twenty-five had to be raised in con- 
 tributions running from one dollar up to twenty- 
 five hundred dollars. Coming as it did just after 
 the panic times of ninety-three, we were very 
 grateful to get the fifty from the people and the 
 fifty from the State. The State has nobly supple- 
 mented \vhat she did in that first gift since. And 
 we are laying here the foundations of a building 
 which is one of a series of buildings that are de- 
 signed, which will convert this hill, upon which 
 I see the remains of the old earthworks that were 
 built in tlic times of the Civil War to protect us 
 against Morgan's raid, into the acropolis of the 
 center of the iron industry of the continent. 
 
 "I might tell you a great many things about 
 the history of the University in mv dav, but hav- 
 ing been thus reminiscential, I think it is proper 
 for me simply to yield to others. But I wish 
 before I take my seat to express to you, one and 
 all, trustees, faculty and students of this University, 
 the oldest institution of learning on the continent 
 w'est of the Appalachian mountains, with but 
 one exception, having been established in 1787, 
 my best and heartiest wishes for your prosperity 
 and success in all things, temporal and spiritual. 
 And I want you to remember that it should be the 
 fundamental tenet of a man's life to utter the 
 prayer day by day, 'The work of our hands es- 
 tablish thou it.' And if you have ever been a 
 student in the University, or a teacher in the 
 University, or in any way connected with it, your 
 duty is to be loyal to it until your last breath." 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOXKRNOR STUART 
 
 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I 
 do not know that I am able to tell the second step. 
 The second step was asking the legislature for 
 some more money. I do not propose to tell the 
 
 (260) 
 
 second step. That was a mistaken idea, that 
 the legislature makes these appropriations. That 
 is not true. It is the governor who makes the 
 appropriations. Because under our law the leg- 
 islature appropriates all moneys, appropriations 
 can only originate in the legislature, and they 
 always do it. The last session of the legislature 
 appropriated to various institutions, charitable and 
 educational, and to carry on the government, 
 something like sevent3'-two millions of dollars. 
 It then went to the Governor. He was told by 
 the state treasurer and the auditor-general, the 
 only men who could inform him of what the esti- 
 mated re\'enues would be, that we would only have 
 about forty-seven millions to appropriate. Under 
 the law he has to cut down. That is why I say 
 the governor has to make the appropriations fit the 
 revenues of the State. And consequently, he had 
 to cut down seventy-two millions, I think, to forty- 
 si.x or forty-seven. But out of that you got one 
 hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars for the 
 erection of this building. And T don't propose 
 to tell that second step. 
 
 "Now, I have led a very strenuous life since I 
 have been here. I started in on Thursday at- 
 tending a Blair county agricultural fair; I came 
 to Pittsburgh and was here all day yesterday, and 
 last night I felt very much like a man on a street 
 of Pittsburgh, who, when asked, 'Have you lived 
 in Pittsburgh all vour life?' replied, 'Not yet.' 
 [Laughter]. But I am glad to be here, and I 
 am glad to be present at the laying of the cor- 
 ner-stone of this great University. .\nd when 
 I looked at that great educational exhibit yester- 
 day, T thought and felt what that meant, not only 
 for Pennsylvania, but for the republic; for the 
 more you educate the boys, the better citizens 
 they make. Only to start the primary system 
 of e<lucation, this Commonwealth a|)propriates 
 to the public school system the enormous sum 
 of fifteen million dollars. And they appropriate 
 a great deal more to help the cause of higher edu- 
 cation. 
 
 'I am glad to be here." 
 
(26l) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 ADDRESS OF VICE-PRESIDENT FAIRBANKS 
 
 "Mr. Chancellor, Governor Stuart, Members 
 of the Board of Trustees, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 It is a peculiar pleasure to me to participate 
 in these ceremonies. When the invitation was 
 extended first to be present and speak, I accepted, 
 as I always do, an invitation to lay a corner-stone 
 and to address those interested in advancing 
 educational work. Circumstances then changed, 
 so I recalled my acceptance ; and I have discovered 
 to my amazement that the head of this great in- 
 stitution is ignorant of the meaning of lan- 
 guage, for he did not release me. I am glad 
 he did not, for the scene we witness here is 
 full of inspiration to any American citizen. It 
 is perhaps nowhere else to be observed that 
 an institution of learning should be established 
 as this is, in such immediate vicinity to a 
 great work which is not to teach science, but 
 which is to teach patriotism. And if you want 
 to make science an eflicient agency in the pro- 
 motion of the welfare of the community, you 
 want to send it into the future hand in hand 
 with patriotism. 
 
 "I am particularly glad that the Go\ernor of 
 the State is here. I congratulate you upon having 
 him grace this occasion. I have known him for 
 many years. I have learned to esteem him as a 
 friend and a fellow-citizen. I know perfectly well, 
 Doctor, that your appeal made to the Governor 
 here a few minutes ago will not go unanswered. 
 I can promise you if it goes unanswered, I will 
 withdraw everything good I ha\e said of Governor 
 Stuart. And I feel perfectly confident that I will 
 have to withdraw nothing. 
 
 "This building, I understand, is to be devoted 
 to one specific department of college work, that 
 it is to be devoted to the subject of Alines. It is 
 an illustration of the fact that it becomes necessary, 
 in the great field and sweep of knowledge, to 
 specialize. If men are to make themselves eflicicnt 
 
 in this world, they have got to address their genius 
 and their effort to some great object. .And tliere 
 
 is no more important field for science than the 
 field of Mines and Mining. I have thought it 
 particularly appropriate that a great school, de- 
 voted to the advancement of the interest of Mines, 
 should be erected here, surrounded by these mul- 
 tiplied and impressive monuments of industrial 
 development, these monuments of peace, these 
 reminiscences of victories won in the field of hu- 
 man effort in times of national tranquility. The 
 strength and power of Pittsburgh — and one re- 
 markable thing I have found since I have come 
 here, that everybody is for Pittsburgh, and I have 
 discovered that Pittsburgh is for everybody — 
 the splendor of this great city, one of the greatest 
 in industrial development in the United States 
 of America — and that means one of the greatest 
 in the world — her glory is due largely to the wealth 
 \vhicli has been won by science and the genius and 
 effort of man from the immeasurable treasure- 
 house stored, by the Omnipotent One, in the earth 
 millions and millions of years ago. This imperial 
 Commonwealth, one of the greatest among the 
 sisterhood of States, owes much of her strength 
 and her potentiality to the wealth of the Mines. 
 We have as Americans often boasted of our in- 
 exhaustible resources. We have felt that nature 
 has been so bountiful to us that there was no limit 
 to her riches. Rich in Mines, rich in Forests, 
 rich in Agriculture, and rich in every department 
 where natural resources are to be gathered. ,\11 
 of these bounties of nature have their limit, and 
 we are coming more and more to see that it is 
 part of intelligent, patriotic American citizen- 
 ship to learn how to conserve these mighty natural 
 resources placed at our disposal for our bene- 
 fit and for the blessing of future generations 
 beyond us. We have denuded many of our for- 
 ests, swept them from the face of the earth with 
 reckless prodigality. And we have mined minerals 
 below the soil with like prodigal disregard. It is 
 the work of science, which is to preside in tliis 
 temple erected in her honor, to show us how to 
 win most with least loss from the inexhaustible 
 treasures of the earth. Those whose beneficence 
 
 (262) 
 
DR. WILLIAM J. HOLLAND, MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT LAVING OF CORNER-STONE, SCHOOL OF MINES, 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 GOVERNOR EDWIN S. STUART OF PENNSYLVANIA. MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT CORNER-STONE LAYING OF 
 
 SCHOOL OF MINES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 (263) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 has founded this institution have been benefactors 
 in the highest and fullest degree. 
 
 "Young man and young woman, what future 
 lies before you ? No one has the gift of prophecy 
 to foretell what wonders you will look upon. We 
 live essentially in a scientific age. Science is the 
 key which unlocks the wondrous 'mysteries of 
 nature' that minister to the necessities and the 
 comfort of men. The whole country is brought 
 closer and closer da}- by day. Already the nations 
 of the world, the peoples of the earth are brought 
 into close and intimate relation. It is all due to 
 the wonderful de^•elopmcnt of science. I have 
 faith to believe that we have not reached the limit 
 of knowledge. Knowledge is power, and each 
 accession to the fund of knowledge given us only 
 enlarges the field of future opportunity. We 
 often hear it said that the future is being 
 closed, that the door is being shut, and that for 
 the young Americans of the future there will not 
 be found the opportunities that their fathers 
 enjoyed. Those who so reason, reason falsely. 
 From the time that our ancestors landed upon 
 Plymouth Rock until now the zone of knowledge 
 has widened and tlic field of opportunity has il- 
 limitably expanded. 
 
 "Knowledge is power. If I had one thought 
 beyond another which I would leave with you, 
 it is, don't get top-heavy. If you do you are 
 liable to be inverted. Learn wisdom, crown 
 your mind with the priceless jewel of knowl- 
 edge, have ideals, no matter how hard or how 
 great, but be sure that you keep your feet upon the 
 earth. Ix-arn to be helpful. Help each other. 
 God Almighty has placed us here, upon this, the 
 favored spot beneath the sun, to co-operate with 
 one another, and work out our destiny in this 
 world. You are here to study chemistry and to 
 study science in the laboratories which will be con- 
 structed here. Our country is a laboratory, 
 the largest of which we have' knowledge. In this 
 great laboratory God Almighty presides and there 
 He is fashioning human character. Here meet 
 and mingle the children of all races born beneath 
 
 (264) 
 
 all flags known to the world. I have faith to be- 
 lieve that there is a divine purpose in it all, and 
 that supreme purpose is to develop out of all the 
 characters, all of the civilizations of the world, 
 which meet and mingle here, the ideal American 
 citizen, and that is the ideal citizen of the world. 
 
 "No more appropriate place for a University 
 than the one which has been selected here could 
 be found, a University upon a hilltop. From it 
 there shall radiate the rays of a higher and better 
 civilization. I understood from the distinguished 
 ex- Chancellor that we may see upon the top of the 
 hill yonder, upon this campus, the earthwork 
 constructed in defense of the integrity of this State 
 and the republic years ago. It was an earthwork 
 for preventing the enemies of our institutions 
 working therein overthrow and destruction. It 
 is a happy circumstance that you are constructing 
 here these buildings which are to be the defense 
 of the republic against the enemies, ignorance, 
 and superstition. 
 
 "I must now, my good friends, express to you 
 my thanks for this opportunity, and to indulge the 
 hope that this institution may prove to be a po- 
 tential agency in the dissemination of scientific 
 knowledge and in fitting young men and young 
 women worthily to wear the robes of American 
 citizenship. I thank you all." 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN O. SHEATZ 
 
 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : Our 
 STOod Governor a short time ago alluded to the 
 tremendous amount of work placed upon his shoul- 
 ders by the Appropriation Committee of the last 
 session of the legislature. I had the honor of 
 bein" chairman of that committee, and I wish to 
 assure the men and women present here to-day 
 that the greatest pleasure I had in making these 
 appropriations was the one I made to begin this 
 great educational institution. But when the bills 
 left the committee they amounted to fifty-six million 
 dollars, in round numbers. But .\llcgheny County, 
 which has many great things, had two members in 
 
MAYOR GEORGE \V. GUTHRIE MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE OF SCHOOL 
 
 OF MINES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 CROWD OF UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH STUDENTS AT CORNER-STONE LAVING OF SCHOOL OF MINES, 
 
 U. OF P. 
 
 (265) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the senate who, like all the work done in Pitts- 
 burgh, started in and in the swiftest possible man- 
 ner raised those appropriations to seventy-two 
 millions. Both of those men are going back. 
 \Vhile I do not wish to mention their names, still 
 if you will watch the two members, who will be on 
 the Finance Committee of the Senate, it might be 
 well for the Chancellor, who was so active during 
 the last session, to become well acc^uainted with 
 those gentlemen. 
 
 "Now, my friends, I will get back to a few re- 
 marks I wish to make in reference to this insti- 
 tution and the ceremonies which are taking place 
 here to-day. The participants upon an occasion 
 of this kind should carry away Avith them impres- 
 sions that should lead to high ideals in human 
 effort. And in the commencement of these build- 
 ings, which in time will become a great Univer- 
 sity, it is most fitting that the first structure to 
 rise on these hills should be the building for a 
 School of Mines, in which will be taught the com- 
 mercial and scientific method for a greater de- 
 velopment of the greatest natural resources of 
 Pennsylvania, whose c()ml)ined yearly output 
 nearly equals in value the great steel and agri- 
 cultural product of Pennsylvania. The gentle- 
 men associated with this enterprise, giving their 
 best thought, time, and money so unselfishly in order 
 to carry through this great j)rojcct in establishing 
 a Universitv for western Pennsylvania, will leave 
 deep foot-prints upon the sands of time, and their 
 names will be sung in praise by the youth of com- 
 ing generations. The task which confronts these 
 men who have made this splendid beginning should 
 be lightened by the liberality of the Commonwealth 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 "May wc all hope and pray that, side by side 
 with the teachings of the University course, there 
 may be instilled into the minds of the young men 
 who will fill the halls of this institution, the duty 
 they owe to the State of Pennsylvania, social and 
 political, and noble ideals of personal honor. And 
 if the young men in future years will keep those 
 principles uppermost in their minds, Pennsylvania 
 
 (2 
 
 will have cause to rejoice in the possession of such 
 sons. 
 
 "I feel highly honored by being permitted to 
 make some remarks here, and I sincerely hope 
 that the buildings, one of which we are starting 
 here to-day, will be completed much sooner than 
 you anticipate at the present time." 
 
 ADDRESS OF JOHN A. BRASHEAR 
 
 "Wliy, this good president of ours said all I 
 had to say. You give me three minutes to talk; 
 I will cut it two more. I want these good people 
 here, the Vice-President, the Governor, and the 
 others — that good man there knows it. Chan- 
 cellor Holland knows it — • that we have got another 
 building over on the North Side which the citizens 
 of Pittsburgh and .Allegheny gave me three hun- 
 dred thousand dollars to build. And we want vou 
 to come over and see it. We laid the corner-stone, 
 and Dr. Holland made the speech, and it was a 
 good one, too. That's the kind he makes. 
 
 "Now, we want you all to help us in this work, 
 and I know you will do it. The University must 
 depend upon its boys and its girls. And boys, 
 you will make it go — and I am going to use that 
 old expression of mine, you will make it go or 
 'bust.' I asked the Bishop what I was to do 
 with the square. The Bishop says it is only em- 
 blematical, it is only symbolical. But after all, 
 boys, you and I want to work squarer than this 
 square is. I know you will do it. This is a glo- 
 rious day for us. I made arrangements with 
 the clerk of the weather. And I think you ought 
 to give the college yell for Pennywitt. 
 
 ■'Xow, I am to try this square, am I, Doctor? 
 It is out two hundred and fifty ten millionths of 
 an inch, but T guess that will do for a corner-stone. 
 I>ul it will not do for us, bovs, and there vou are." 
 
 LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE 
 
 At the conclusion of Dr. Brashear's remarks 
 he tested the stone with the s(|uare and pronounced 
 
 66) 
 
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT : GEORGE H. CLAPP, CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, U. OF P.; DR. S. B. 
 McCORMICK, CHANCELLOR, U. OF P.; REV. S. B. LINHART, SECRETARY, U. OF P.; DR. WM. J. HOLLAND; VICE- 
 PRESIDENT C. W. FAIRBANKS; GOVERNOR EDWIN S. STUART; DR. J. A. BR.A.SHEAR; GEORGE C. PALMER, 
 ARCHITECT; AND GEN. HORACE PORTER. 
 
 A S.NAP -Sllur ul 1I(J.\. EDWIN S. STUART, GOVERNOR PICNNSVLVANIA; HON. ROBERT S. MURPHY, 
 LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR; AND GENERAL HORACE PORTER, AT UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH CORNER- 
 [ I STONE LAYING. 
 
 (267) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 it true, Ur. Linhart used the towel cementing 
 the stone in its place and then Chancellor Mc- 
 Cormick, tapping it with the hammer, concluded 
 the ceremony of the laying of the corner-stone 
 with the following words: 
 
 "For the glory of God, for the uplifting of 
 humanity, for the conquest of this earth, in the 
 name of true science and sound learning, I now 
 declare this corner-stone well and truly laid." 
 
 After the singing of "America" Dr. Matthew 
 Brown Riddle pronounced the benediction and 
 the audience was dismissed. 
 
 LIST OF ARTICLES DEPOSITED IN CORNER-STONE 
 
 Catalog IQ07-08 and Acts of Assembly of University, Char- 
 ters etc., of Universit}'. 
 
 Descriptive Bulletin April, 1908, containing views of 
 New University. 
 
 Two photographs of the breaking ground for Mines 
 Building. 
 
 Photograph of Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor of the 
 University. 
 
 Pennsylvania Legislative Directory. 
 
 Introductory part of Pittsburgh Director}' for 190S, con- 
 taining National, State and ^Municipal officers, members of 
 Pittsburgh Councils, churches, societies, streets, etc. 
 
 Coins. 
 
 Reprint of lirst Director}' of Pittsburgh, 1815. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce facts about Pittsburgh, 1907. 
 
 Guide to Dedication of Carnegie Institute, 1907. 
 
 Pittsburgh daily papers. 
 
 Thirty-three picture postal cards, views of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Instructions and regulations of a competition for selection 
 of an architect for the group of buildings, 1908. 
 
 The old driving clock of the 13-inch telescope put in 
 place in the old observatory in i860. 
 
 University flag designed by S. A. Taylor of the class of 
 18S7, and a member of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 Program of exercises of comer-stone laying. 
 
 Program of Sesqui-Centennial. 
 
 Photographs taken by compass, due north, south, east, 
 and west from the corner-stone. 
 
 Decree changing the name of the Western University of 
 Pennsylvania to University of Pittsburgh 
 
 (268) 
 
YOUNG WOMEN STUDENTS MARCHING TO LAYING OF CORNER-STONE OF UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 
 
 
 
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 ONE HUNDRED YOUNG MEN FROM UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH REPRESENTING HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 (269) 
 
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 (274) 
 
U'75; 
 
JOHN W. BEATTY 
 Director Carnegie Art Gallon- 
 
 COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
 Secretary Carnegie Institute 
 
 
 HON. JOSIAll COHEN 
 Carnegie Institute Committee 
 
 (276) 
 
 CHARLES L. TAYLOR 
 President Carnegie Hero Fund 
 
(277) 
 
CHARLES B. PRICE 
 
 Chairman Committee on Layini; Comer-Stone of 
 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall 
 
 MAJOR A. P. BURCHFIELD 
 Master of Ceremonies Laying of Comer-Stone of 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall 
 
 
 1. K. CAMPBELL 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 
 
 (278) 
 
 HOX. JOHX M. KENNEDY 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 
 

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 (279) 
 
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 COL. EDWARD J. ALLEN 
 
 Representative of the Militan- Order of Loyal Legion 
 
 Greater r'ittshurc;h Dav Scsqui-Cenlennial Parade 
 
 COL. JAMES M. SCHOONMAKER 
 
 Representative of the Militan- Order of Loyal Legion 
 Greater Pittsburgh Dav Sesqui-Centennial Parade 
 
 jt* 
 
 COL. A. S. ^^ MOKC.AN 
 
 Representative of the Militari- Order of Ixjyal Legion 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesi|ui-Cenlcnnial Parade 
 
 MAJOR \VM. G. McCANDLESS 
 
 Representative of the Militar)- Order of Loyal Legion 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Parade 
 
 (280) 
 
z -J 
 
 (281) 
 
COL. W. J. PATTERSON 
 President Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 
 
 COL. H. H. BENGOUGH 
 Secretarj' Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 
 
 REV. T. N. BOYLE 
 Post Chaplain-in-Chief G. A. R. 
 
 (282; 
 
 COL. CILVRLES F. McKENNA 
 Historian Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 
 
(283) 
 
THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MEMORIAL HALL 
 
 OF 
 
 ALLEGHENY COUNTY 
 
 SKETCH OF ITS ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION 
 BY COL. CHARLES F. McKENNA 
 
 The movement for the erection of a suitable 
 memorial to the memory of the Civil War soldiers 
 and sailors of the County of Allegheny originated 
 in the year 1891, in discussions at the monthly 
 meetings of the Allegheny County Grand Army 
 Association, a body composed wholly of delegates 
 of honorably discharged soldiers of the Ci\il War 
 from all the twenty-eight Posts of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic. 
 
 PRELUnNARY ACTION OF THE G. A. R. 
 
 The G. A. R. Association first took formal action 
 on the subject by appointing a committee to con- 
 sider the matter, and to devise the best method 
 of accomplishing the desired object. It was 
 supposed at first that suflicient money for the 
 purpose could be obtained by public subscrip- 
 tion, as many liberal and public-spirited citizens, 
 embracing a number of the largest taxpayers, 
 had expressed a desire to contribute to a fund for 
 so patriotic a purpose. 
 
 The committee thus ajjpointed consisted of the 
 following comrades of the (3rand .\rmy of the 
 Republic: Major Joseph F. Denniston, Post trj; 
 Captain Samuel ^^. Duvall, Post T51; Thomas 
 (}. Sample, Post 128; Captain William J. Patter- 
 son, Post 157; Herbert H. Bengough, Post 157. 
 
 The (omiuittee found that then- was a deep and 
 unanimous sentiment in the community that such 
 a memorial should be erected, and that it should 
 take on grand proportions, and be of a character 
 
 so imposing and impressive as to represent the 
 wealth, intelligence, and patriotic sentiment of our 
 great county, which, as early as the year i860, 
 the immortal Lincoln had publicly styled the 
 "State of Allegheny." 
 
 In the year 1893 the National Encampment of 
 the Grand Army of the Republic was held in the 
 city of Pittsburgh, and the revival of patriotic 
 memories and sentiments growing out of that 
 important assemblage of survivors of the Civil 
 War materially increased the sentiment for a 
 county memorial. 
 
 LEGISL.A.TIVE Enactment Invoked 
 
 It was finally decided that, while certain wealthy 
 citizens had expressed a willingness to contribute 
 liberally, yet it was preferable to have the Me- 
 morial erected at public expense, and to thus have 
 tile honor and glory therefrom shared l)y all 
 classes of citizens. The late Hon. C. L. Magee, 
 at that time a state senator, representing a popu- 
 lous district of the county, was consulted by the 
 Grand .\rmv Committee, and he advised the 
 committee that the ()l)ject was of such public im- 
 portance that they should ask legislation in behalf 
 of the measure, and for that purpose he gener- 
 ously offered his services as senator to bring the 
 matter licfore the General Assembly at the ap- 
 proaching session. .\t the opening of the session 
 of 1895 Senator Magee introduced an act author- 
 izing counties to erect monuments to the memory 
 
 (284) 
 
(285) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 of soldiers and sailors of the War of the Rebellion, 
 which was passed and approved by the Governor 
 on the 22d day of May, 1S95. 
 
 Under the provisions of this act, the Grand 
 Army Association of Allegheny County secured 
 the required ])etitions and the recommendations 
 of two successive Grand Juries to the Judges of 
 the Court of Quarter Sessions, to authorize the 
 county commissioners to act in the matter of 
 erecting a soldiers' and sailors' monument at the 
 county seat. 
 
 The late comrafle John H. Stevenson, of the 
 One Hundredth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, as attorney representing the Grand Army 
 Association and the petitioning taxpayers, on 
 moving for the final approval of the proceedings 
 by the court, encountered serious objection on 
 the part of the court to approving the recommen- 
 dations of tlu- two successive Grand Juries. 
 
 Memorial Hall Suggested 
 
 awakened renewed interest in the subject through- 
 out the county. The Grand Army Posts, the 
 Union Veteran Legion, the ^lilitary Order of the 
 Uoyal Legion, and auxiliary organizations be- 
 came enthusiastic on the subject and promptly 
 took action on the court's suggestion, accepting 
 the performance of the labor of love involved as 
 a sacred duty due tlicir fallen comrades. Through 
 weekly assemblies, and also at campfires, regi- 
 mental reunions, and other patriotic meetings 
 throughout the county, a continuous campaign 
 for the measure was maintained. The effect 
 was to concentrate public opinion in favor of a 
 Memorial Plall. This was publicly indorsed by 
 the entire daily press, and alscj at conventions of 
 all political parties, and by the Chamber of Com- 
 merce of Pittsburgh, representing the entire busi- 
 ness interests of the county. The labor unions 
 and atliliated organizations of the countv also 
 adopted resolutions in support of tlie triljutc to 
 the patriotic object. 
 
 Organization Meeting 
 
 Hon. Thomas Ewing and Hon. j. W. F. White, 
 presiding judges at said term of court, expressed 
 
 their approval of the patriotic sentiment of the Early in the year of 1903 a public meeting of 
 
 petitioners and of the grand juries, but held that the soldiers of Allegheny County, and citizens 
 
 the action of that body was fatally defccti\-e in generally, was called by the committee of the 
 
 not limiting the amount to be expenck'd Ijv the Grand Army Association of the County to meet 
 
 county commissioners in the erection of the monu- in the identical court-room where the judges had 
 
 ment. The judges furtlier declared that it was wisely joined in recommending the erection of 
 
 beyond the authority of the court to cure this the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall instead 
 
 omission. The judges also stated that if the act of a mere monumental shaft. The meeting was 
 
 of assembly, approved the 22(1 day of May, 1895, largely attended. It organized by tlie election 
 
 was amended so as to authorize the erection of a of Major Albert P. Burchfield as Chairman. 
 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall, instead of a mere Li a brief address he explained the object of 
 
 monument or shaft, the court would give ollicial the meeting. William M. Cramp was chosen 
 
 sanction to a proper appropriation for that pur- secretary. 
 
 pose. A Memorial Hall, they added, would be The meeting then formally resolved itself into an 
 
 more in keeping with the dignity and the great- organization to be known as "The Soldiers' and 
 
 ness of the county which the memorial was in- Sailors' Memorial Hall Committee," for the pur- 
 
 tended to represent. Judge Christopher Magee, 
 of the same court, also filed a strong opinion, 
 heartily endorsing the project. 
 
 This judicial announcement encouratred and 
 
 pose of securing the remedial legislation required 
 to authorize the county to erect a Soldiers' and 
 Sailors" Memorial Hall instead of a monument, 
 as limited l)v the existinir acts of .\sscmblv. 
 
 (286) 
 
(287) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The election of officers of the organization took 
 place, with the following unanimous results: 
 Captain Samuel M. Duvall, President; Thomas 
 G. Sample, Mce-President ; William M. Cramp, 
 Secretary; and Charles F. McKenna, Solicitor. 
 
 Committee of Crmui Aniiy Association. — S. M. 
 Duvall, IT. IT. Bengough, S. W. May, \\'illiam 
 AI. Cramp, J. \V. Boyd, and Fred Beuchler. 
 
 Committee of Union Wicnin Legion. — Charles 
 
 F. AIcKenna, John Stulcn, Charles Davis, Frank 
 L. Blair, J. M. Ray, and Thomas J. Hamilton. 
 
 Committee of Loyal Legion. — Colonel James M. 
 Schoonmaker, Colonel F. J. .\llen, and William 
 McConway. 
 
 Executive Committee. — S. M. l)u\all, T'homas 
 
 G. Sample, S. W. Hill, Charles F. McKenna, and 
 Frank L. Blair. 
 
 It was \x)ted to hold the regular meetings at the 
 Court House on the last Saturday of each month. 
 The F.xecutive Committee decided to meet weekly. 
 
 Remedial Legislation 
 
 A Remerlial .\ct, prepared hv the committee, 
 was introduced by Senator William .\. Magee, 
 in the State Senate, early in Januarv, igo:;, and 
 was promptly referred to the proper committee, 
 Comrade Charles F. McKenna, Solicitor, repre- 
 senting, with Thomas G. Sample, the Memorial 
 Hall Committee, appeared before the Senate Com- 
 mittee in advocacy of the measure, and, after its 
 passage through both liouses, they also appeared 
 before Governor S. W. IVnnypacker, who, at the 
 end of the ])ublic hearing, a]i|)roved the act on 
 April g, 1003. 
 
 Pursuant to the provisions of the above amended 
 Act the Grand Juries of the March and June terms, 
 1903, took prompt action and heard the new peti- 
 tions of veterans and taxpayers and their witnesses, 
 as required by law. Favorable recommendations 
 were unanimously adopted and hnally approved 
 by Hon. James R. Macfarlane, presiding judge. 
 
 The rei)ort and recommendations of ihc Grand 
 Juries cover so completely all details that its 
 
 introduction here, omitting onlv mere formal 
 portions, is deemed instructive and interesting, 
 and also as being of more than ordinary historical 
 importance. 
 
 Report of Grand Jury, June Term, 1904 
 
 To the LlonorahJc the Judges of the Court of 
 
 Quarter Sessions of Allegheny County. 
 
 The question of the erection of a suitable Me- 
 morial Hall or buildings at the county seat, to the 
 memory of the soldiers and sailors of Allegheny 
 County in the War of the Rebellion, pursuant to 
 provisions of the existing act of assembly approved 
 May 22, 1895, '^'""^1 of act amendatory of the same 
 approved April 3, 1903, having been presented 
 to the Court of Quarter Sessions of .Allegheny 
 County on petition of fifty or more taxpayers of 
 the county, composed wholly of surviving soldiers 
 of said War of the Rebellion, praying for reference 
 by the court of said petitions to the present and 
 succeeding Grand Jury for action thereon, under 
 said Acts of Assembly, the Grand Jur\- hereby 
 begs leave to respectfully make the following 
 report and recommendations concerning the sub- 
 ject matter of said petitions so referred: 
 
 That pursuant to notice of the time and place 
 appointed for the public hearing of said petition, 
 and of all parties interested therein, the Grand 
 Jury of June term, 1904, on the eighteenth day 
 of July, 1904, at 10 A. M., convened in public 
 session at the Grand Jury room, Allegheny County 
 Court House, and heard the said petitioning tax- 
 payers and their accredited representatives. Com- 
 mittees of the Grand Army of Republic .Associa- 
 tion of the County of Allegheny, and of the Union 
 \'eteran Legion Encampments aforesaid, and all 
 parties interested in said proceeding were invited 
 to be heard, as well those opposing as those favor- 
 ing said petition. 
 
 \W further report that certain preliminary plans 
 and drawings for a suitable Memorial Hall, which 
 were prepared for use of said petitioners by the 
 late Thomas D. Evans, architect, were formallv 
 
 (288) 
 
VETERANS' GUARD OF HONOR AT LAVING OF CORNER-STONE, MEMORIAL HALL 
 
 G. A. R. VKIKR.WS MAkCllING I () LAM\(; CORNER-STONK OF MFMORIAI. IIM.F, FRI DAY, ( )CT( )BER i, 1908 
 
 (289) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 presented, and were oflfered in evidence generally erection of a suitable Memorial Hall, as voiced 
 for the information of the Grand Jury on the by the entire press of the county, and by all politi- 
 subject; also that testimony was taken as to the cal parties by resolutions formally adopted in 
 estimated costs of a proposed suitable Memorial conventions assembled, and by the action of the 
 Hull or buildings; and also as to the probable Chamber of Commerce of the City of Pittsburgh, 
 quantity of ground required for the site of the and many of the largest taxpayers of the county, 
 same. as submitted to the Grand Jury, shows that no 
 
 discordant note has been raised against the erec- 
 tion of the proposed Memorial Hall, wliich, as 
 shown by the testimony, has been already recom- 
 mended by three successive Grand Juries of the 
 
 RECOMMENDATION OF JURY 
 
 The Grand Jury, therefore, upon due consid- 
 
 eration of said petitions and of the preliminary county. 
 
 plans and designs for a Memorial Hall offered in 3. The Grand Jur}- further respectfully recom- 
 
 evidence,and of the testimony submitted in sup- mend that provisions be made in erection of said 
 
 port thereof, hereby respectfully report and make Memorial Hall for at least two spacious rooms, 
 
 the following recommendations to your honorable suitable for meetings of the G. A. R. Posts and 
 
 court : of the Unions ^'eteran Legion Encampments, and 
 
 I. That as it affirmalively appears that the auxiliary rooms, also a small auditorium, and 
 
 assessed valuation for taxable purpose of the that a large and spacious ground lloor Hall of 
 
 County of Allegheny for the current year, 1904, Statuary and Tablets, to be the principal and 
 
 is seven hundred and fifty million dollars, that memorial feature of the Memorial Building, which 
 
 the same is rapidly increasing, and the Grand the Grand Jury recommends shall ever be the 
 
 Jury therefore liereb}' respectfully report and leading and predominant character of the entire 
 
 recommend the erection of a suitable INIemorial building. 
 
 Hall at the county seat by the County of Allegheny, 4. The Grand Jury further respectfully rccom- 
 
 as provided for by said acts, and further respect- mend as also a requisite feature of said Memorial 
 
 fully submit that the slight millage to be assessed Hall that there shall be placed in said Statuary 
 
 on said ineininned Nuluatioii would occasion no Hall, as part of its erection, tablets containing the 
 
 perceptible burden to the taxpayers of the county. 
 In view of the sacred object to commemorate the 
 deeds of valor and patriotic sacrifices of twenty- 
 five thousand soldiers and sailors of the war for the 
 preser\ation of the Union furnished by Allegheny 
 County, and of the wonderful j)rosperity vouch- 
 
 roster in bas relief bronze of every soldier and sailor 
 who enlisted or who served in regiments or bat- 
 teries or military or naval organizations recruited 
 or credited to Allegheny County in the War of the 
 Rebellion, and also that said Hall sliall contain 
 on said tal)lcts the official list of cnc;a<;rements of 
 
 safed this great county in the }-ears following the said regiments, batteries or other military or naval 
 
 war, the Grand Jury feel confident that no com- 
 plaint or objection will Ije mack' to the recom- 
 mendation of the jurv anfl its linal a])proval by 
 the Court for the amoimt recommended for said 
 purpose, the said sum so fixed being commen- 
 surate with the wealth and dignity of llie rount\-. 
 2. The (irand Jury further report that the 
 
 organizations of the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 We further recommend that in ]>roviding l"or 
 the erection of said Memorial Hall the ccjmmis- 
 sioners be authorized and re(|uircd to erect in 
 said Statuary Hall of said Memorial buildings, 
 and as part of it, life-size statues of the following 
 regimental commanders and soldier^ of .Mleghcny 
 Countv who fell in Ijattle, as was recommended 
 
 patriotic sentiment prompting the approjjriate 
 
 marking of the epoch of the Civil War by the by two preceding Grand Juries: 
 
 (290) 
 
CDuru-sv of Chronicle-Telegraph 
 
 l-RCm LEFT TO RIC.HT: THOMAS C. JEXKIXS, BISHOP CAXFAIX, MISS MARTHA WASHIXOTOX, MRS. 
 FAIRBAXKS, VICE-PRESIDFXT FAIRBAXKS, MAYOR GUTHRIE, GcnERXOR STUART, LIEUTEXAXT-CJOVERXOR 
 MURPHY AXD GEXERAL HORACE PORTER AT MEMORIAL HALL CORNER-STOXE LAYIXG. 
 
 CuurlL>y of G.iZfltL- Times 
 VETERANS MARCHING TO CORNER-STONE LAVTNG OF SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL HALL 
 
 (291) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 General Alexander Hays, Sixty-third Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, killed at battle of Wilderness. 
 
 Colonel Samuel W. Black, Sixty-second Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, killed at Gaines' Mills. 
 
 General C. F. Jackson, Xinth Pennsylvania 
 Reserves, killed at Fredericksburg. 
 
 Colonel Oliver H. Rippey, Sixty-first Regiment 
 Pennsylvania \'olunteers, killed at Seven Pines. 
 
 Colonel John W. Patterson, One Hundred and 
 Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, killed 
 at Wilderness. 
 
 Colonel William FI. Moody, One Hundred and 
 Thirty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 killed at Cold Harbor. 
 
 Colonel James H. Childs, Fourth Pennsylvania 
 Cavalry, killed at Antietam. 
 
 Major Frank B. Ward, Fifteenth Pennsylvania 
 Cavalry, killed at Stone River. 
 
 Captain Robert B. Hampton, Hampton's Bat- 
 tery, killed at battle of Chancellorsville. 
 
 Private William Montgomery, One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 who was the last soldier killed prior to the sur- 
 render of General Lee at Appomattox, April 9, 
 1865. 
 
 Finally, the Grand Jury deem it but simple 
 justice to the patriotic survivors of the Civil War, 
 who have' Ijy ])atriotic agitation secured the legis- 
 lation required for the erection of the proposed 
 Memorial Hall, and who have aroused the public 
 sentiment unanimously favoring the same, that 
 the Commissioners of the County should fittingly 
 recognize their services and public si)irit in this 
 matter of said Memorial Hall by formally adopt- 
 ing resolutions at the next meeting of the Board of 
 County Commissioners en.suing the final approval 
 of the report, creating the committees annually 
 appointed by the Grand Army Association of 
 Allegheny County and by the Union \'eteran 
 Legion Encampment as an advisory committee 
 in the choice of site for said Memorial Hall and 
 in the selection of designs and plans for said Me- 
 morial Hall, both of which recommendations were 
 also pr()])erly embraced in the two former i)re- 
 
 (2 
 
 sentments to the Grand Juries recommending 
 erection of the Memorial Hall pursuant to the 
 existing Act of Assembly providing for the same. 
 Signed A. J. Pexrod, 
 
 Foreman Grand Jury. 
 Attest: 
 
 George McC.\ndless, 
 
 Clerk to Grand Jury. 
 A. J. Edwards, 
 
 Assistant District Attorney. 
 (Signed by all the Grand Jurors.) 
 
 Comrade Thomas D. Evans, the architect of 
 the Memorial Committee, on appearing before the 
 Grand Jury at the hearing, generously presented 
 and explained to that body a preliminary sketch 
 and plan of a proposed Memorial Hall. A few 
 hours later, in the court house, he was stricken 
 with apoplexy, and died June 20, 1903, univer- 
 sally lamented by his comrades and the public 
 generally. 
 
 Annoying Controversy 
 
 The late Carson Mercer and James .\. Clark, 
 at that period composing the majority of the Board 
 County Commissioners, took issue with the Grand 
 Jury and the Committee on the Memorial Hall on 
 the question of selecting an architect to succeed 
 the late Comrade Evans. The Commissioners 
 named insisted that under the law it was the sole 
 prerogative of the County Commissioners to select 
 the architect, and that consequently they had 
 already chosen ]\lr. F. J. Osterling to prepare the 
 plans. 
 
 The Commissioners named also declined to 
 recognize the public demand through the press, 
 and the appeals of the committee of veterans, and 
 of numerous other petitioning ta.xpayers, for com- 
 petitive plans for the Memorial Hall from archi- 
 tects of national reputation, as recommended by 
 the Grand Juries, and approved by the court. 
 These demands were in conformity with the pre- 
 cedent established in the erection of the present 
 county court house and all other pul^lic buildings. 
 
 92) 
 
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 (293) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 It is clue the memory of the late James Evans, the 
 third meml^er of the Board, to state that he stead- 
 fastly dissented from the action of his colleagues 
 in this matter. The delays caused by this stand 
 taken by the majority of the Commissioners were 
 at the time annoying to the veterans of the county, 
 wlio, naturally by reason of their advanced age, 
 were anxious to see the work commenced in their 
 lifetime. 
 
 In the end, however, the delays pro\-ed most 
 fortunate to the ultimate success of the Memorial 
 Committee's labors, by the enactment of a law to 
 compel public competitions by architects. The 
 Memorial Hall Committee, to thwart the unex- 
 pected position taken by the majority of the 
 County Commissioners, petitioned Judge Mac- 
 farlane to recall his final approval of the recom- 
 mendations of the Grand Juries, and his order to 
 the Commissioners to proceed in the matter, the 
 petition alleging as cause the refusal of the latter 
 to invite competition for designs from a number 
 of architects. 
 
 The Court granted the prayer of the JNIemorial 
 Committee, and thus the proceedings were sus- 
 pended until further remedial legislation could 
 be enacted to overcome the proposed action of 
 the majority of the Board of County Com- 
 missioners in the selection of an architect. 
 
 FUKTHER LeGISL.ATIOX SeCURED 
 
 A meeting of the Memorial Hall Committee 
 was convened, and it was resolved to apply for 
 additional legislation requiring County Commis- 
 sioners to advertise for competitive plans from a 
 number of architects for the proposed Memorial 
 Hall, and also to provide for sul^mitting to a vote 
 of the people of the count}- the whole question as 
 to whether they desired to vote the money for the 
 erection of a Memorial Hall. 
 
 This action necessarily involved a long and 
 trying wait until January, 1905, before the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of Pennsylvania would convene. 
 By that date the following bill co\ering every 
 
 detail was prepared, presented, and was finally 
 passed by both branches of the legislature, and 
 became a law by the approval of Governor 
 Pennypacker, April 12, 1Q05. 
 
 This new act under which the Soldiers' ]Me- 
 morial Hall was to be erected, was prepared by 
 Comrades William A. Stone and .\ndrew S. 
 Miller, under the direction of the ^Memorial Hall 
 Committee. Comrades S. W. Hill and C. O. 
 Smith were appointed a subcommittee, and visited 
 Harrisburg in the interest of the measure, making 
 such changes in the original draft as seemed to be 
 necessary, after conferences with the lawmakers, 
 and then had it presented to both branches of the 
 Legislature for enactment. 
 
 Governor Pennypacker, having erroneously 
 conceived the idea that the measure lacked the 
 full approval of the veterans, was about to veto the 
 bill for want of proper information as to its merits, 
 when Comrades H. H. Bengough and Frank L. 
 Blair, of the jMemorial Committee, visited the 
 Governor on behalf of the committee, and after 
 fully explaining the public sentiment and pa- 
 triotic demand for the measure the Governor 
 finally approved the act. It is so comprehensive 
 in every detail that the title to the act herewith 
 published is really an index to the contents, viz.: 
 
 " An Act 
 
 'Troviding for the erection and maintenance of 
 a Memorial Hall at the county seat of Allchgeny 
 County, in honor of the soldiers and sailors and 
 marines from that county, who served in the 
 army and navy of the United States in the war 
 for the suppression of the rebellion; authorizing 
 and directing the commissioners of said Allegheny 
 County to erect and maintain said Memorial 
 Hall, upon petition of fifty citizens, approved by 
 two successive Grand Juries, the Court of Quar- 
 ter Sessions, and a majority vote of the qualified 
 voters of said county, at a general election; desig- 
 nating a committee to determine what relics, 
 records, etc.. shall be i)laced in said Memorial 
 
 (294) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Hall, and providing for a flagstaff and displaj- of 
 the flag of the United States." 
 
 Objects of the INIemorial 
 
 The objects of the Memorial Hall and its ad- 
 ministration are so fully defined in Section Sixth 
 of the act that for general information it is deemed 
 worthy of publication: 
 
 "Section 6. Said ^Memorial Hall shall be in 
 honor of the soldiers, sailors and marines from 
 Allegheny County, who served in the army and 
 navy of the United States in the war for the sup- 
 pression of the rebellion,. It shall contain one 
 large Assembly Hall, or auditorium, for public 
 meetings of the soldiers, sailors and marines of 
 Alleghenv County; but which may be used for 
 other public meetings. It shall also contain rooms 
 for meetings of Posts of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, Encampments of the Union ^"eteran 
 Legion, Commanderies of the Loyal Legion, and 
 kindred patriotic organizations. It shall also 
 contain rooms and places for the proper display 
 and preservation of relics and trophies of the War 
 for the Suppression of the Rebellion; flags, his- 
 tories, rosters and records of the Grand Army 
 Posts, Encampments of the L^nion \'eteran Legion. 
 Commanderies of the Loyal Legion; regimental 
 and company histories, photographs, paintings 
 and portraits, busts and statues of soldiers, sailors 
 and marines of Allegheny County; and mural 
 tablets, upon which shall be inscribed the names 
 of soldiers, sailors and marines of Allegheny 
 County, who served in the War for the Suppression 
 of the Rebellion. .\ committee of ten, with power 
 to fill vacancies, shall be selected by the survivors 
 of the War for the Suppression of the Rebellion, 
 residing in Allegheny County; said committee 
 shall determine and designate what relics, trophies, 
 flags, statues, busts, histories, rosters, records, 
 et cetera, shall be placed in said rooms. The 
 President Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, 
 numbers two and three, and the County Commis- 
 sioners of the said county, shall be ex-oflicio 
 members of said committee." 
 
 The election directed by the act of 1905 to be 
 held took place on December 7, 1905, and the vote 
 on the Memorial Hall is ofticiallv certified as 
 follows: 
 
 \'0TE ox Soldiers' ]Me.morl\l H.a.ll 
 
 A\'e, the undersigned Judges of the several courts 
 of Common Pleas, of Allegheny County, State of 
 Pennsylvania, do hereb}- certify that at 12 o'clock 
 on the gth day of November, A. D., 1905, being 
 the second day after the election held on the first 
 Tuesday of November, A. D., 1905, the Pro- 
 thonotary of said county ha\ing presented the 
 returns of said election according to law, we opened 
 the .same and caused them to compute in our 
 presence by an oflicer of said court, and by assist- 
 ants appointed by us, who were duly sworn, and 
 the vote cast at said election having been carefully 
 added together bv said assistants, it appears that 
 for 
 
 Memorial Hall 
 
 "Yes" had 
 
 47,902 votes. 
 
 "No" had 5,487 votes. 
 
 In testimony whereof we have hereunto set 
 our hands and caused the seal of courts to be 
 affixed, this 22d day of November, A. D., 1905. 
 
 F. H. Collier, ) 
 
 John yi. Kennedy - Judges. 
 
 John D. Sh-vfer, 1 
 
 \fter the announcement of the vote l)y the 
 court, the County Commissioners were advised 
 that l)efore such a large sum of money should l)e 
 expended the various Acts of .■\ssembly, providing 
 for the erection of a Memorial Hall, should be 
 and passed upon by the Supreme 
 
 legally tested 
 
 Court of Pennsvlvania. 
 
 Constitutionality of Law .\FFIR^rED 
 
 In October, igo6, George D. Voho and Henry 
 Wcrries, taxpayers, filed their l)ill against the 
 
 (295) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 countv and the Cuuntv Commissioners to restrain soldiers of Allegheny County, the following named 
 them from proceeding to carry out provisions of comrades were elected members of the Committee 
 said acts for the erection of a Memorial Mall, alleg- of Ten of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall 
 ing said Acts were unconstitutional and void. Committee, under the provisions of the act ap- 
 
 The Commissioners filed a demurrer, and the proved April 12, 1905, viz. : 
 case was heard by Hon. J. D. Shafer. In an .\lbert P. Rurchfield, Herbert II. Bengough, 
 opinion filed, the court sustained the demurrer Joseph W. Boyd, Samuel W. Hill, John Stulen, 
 and dismissed the bill. At the October term. Rev. Thomas X. Boyle, 1). I)., Frank L. Blair, 
 1907, State Su])reme Court, the apjieal was ar- Charles Davis, ^^'illiam J. Patterson, and Charles 
 gued bv Messrs. W. A. Stone and A. !!. I lav. (). Smith. 
 
 solicitors representing the county. On the first The Committee of Ten organized February 24, 
 Monday of January, 1908, the decision of Judge igo6, by electing .\. P. Burchfield, President: 
 Shafer was afiirmed by the Supreme Court of ^^'. J . Patterson, \'ice-President; 11. 11. Hen- 
 Pennsvlvania. \Mth this ended the lal)ors and gough. Secretary, and F. L. Blair, Treasurer, 
 existence of the original Memorial Hall ("omniitlce March 27, Kjof), a meeting of the Committee of 
 organization. Fifteen, provided for by the act of April 12, 1905, 
 
 was held and organized by electing A. P. Burch- 
 field, President; Hon. John M. Kennedy, First 
 Mcc- President ; W. J. Patterson, Second \'ice- 
 Prcsident; F. L. Blair, Treasurer, and II. H. 
 BengouE^h, Sccrclarw 
 
 Death of .\ctivk Co.mr.\des 
 
 During the existence of the first Memorial 
 Hall Committee its ranks were invaded by death. 
 and a number of its most eflicient workers in the 
 cause were destined to die before witnessing the 
 completion of the glorious monument, namely, 
 Comrades^ Denniston, Duvall, and Burchfield, 
 who were^each in turn chairman of the original 
 Memorial Flail Committee, while Comrades John 
 H. Stevenson, S. W. Hay, Thomas D. Fvans, 
 Charles Davis, and Joiiii Stulen. all active' work- 
 ers, passed away during the ])rogress of the work 
 on the Memorial structure. 
 
 That these comrades, all so deepl\- interestetl 
 in the success of the County Memorial, did not 
 live to witness the fruition of tlu'ir earnest hopes, 
 will ever be a cause of profound regret to their 
 surviving comrades and numerous friends. 
 
 Organization of Committee Provided 
 
 FOR liv Act 
 
 January 20, igo6, at a public meeting of sur- 
 vivors of the Civil War. held in the court house, 
 Pittsburgh, pursuant to a published notice to Xovember 9, T907. to be received until November 
 
 (296) 
 
 Action' of Com.missioners 
 
 Charles B. Price, Irvin K. Campbell and James 
 .\. Clark, the newly elected County Commissioners, 
 took prompt action and invited the preparation 
 of competitive designs for the Memorial Hall from 
 ten (jf the most reputable architects and firms in 
 Pittsburgh, Xew York. Chicago and Boston, who 
 had signified a willingness to compete, one 
 thousand dollars (Si, 000) to be paid for each of 
 the ten designs, to be received up to January 19, 
 1907, by Professor Warren P. I.aird, College Hall, 
 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 advisory and consulting architect for the .\lle- 
 ghcnv County Commissioners. 
 
 Out of the ten competitive plans furnished, the 
 prize was awarded the design of Messrs. Palmer 
 and Hornbostel, architects, of Xew York, Feb- 
 ruary IS, 1907. 
 
 Tile Countv Commissioners advertised for pro- 
 posals for construction of the Memorial Hall, 
 
PIT TSBURGH'S SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 
 
 25, 1907, and on the latter date the contract was 
 awarded to P. W. Finn, of Altoona. Pa. 
 
 The Resources and Rixord of the County 
 
 The remarkable increase of population and 
 dcvclopincnt of resources of the County of Alle- 
 gheny since the martyred Lincoln in 1861 called 
 it the "State of Allegheny," is worthy of mention. 
 At that period the total population of the countv 
 was 178.8^^ : hy the census of 1500 it had attained 
 a population of 775,058. During the decade 
 terminating with the present year, 1910, it has 
 continued to rapidly increase until it has now 
 reached considerably over the million mark, 
 showing an increase of over forty per cent in that 
 decade. 
 
 Its continuous increase in taxable valuation 
 has been no less remarkable. The otlicial ta.xable 
 valuation of the county for the year 19 10 com- 
 piled from assessors' returns has been fixed at 
 one billion and ninetv million dollars. 
 
 Roll of Honor 
 
 There will be placed on the mural tablets of the 
 Memorial Hall the names of all soldiers and sail- 
 ors who enlisted in the war of 1861-1865 from the 
 county of Allegheny. Xo less than twenty-five 
 thousand names will appear on this roll of honor. 
 
 Among Civil War oflicers of highest rank and 
 national reputation who were mustered into tlie 
 United States sen-ice in the countv of .Mleghenv, 
 
 and who survive at this writing, are Lieutenant- 
 Generals S. B. M. Young and Adna R. Chaffee, 
 U. S. Army, and Rear Admiral George C. Reiter, 
 U. S. Xavv, all on retired list. Generals Young 
 and Chaffee each rose from the ranks of private 
 soldiers to that of Lieutenant-General Command- 
 ing U. S. Army. 
 
 General St. Clair .Mulholland. President of the 
 Gettysburg Battlefield .Memorial Commission, in 
 a recent public address, declared that from the 
 muster rolls of Pennsylvania soldiers present in 
 the great battle of Gettysburg, compiled for 
 placing on tablets on the state monument, Alle- 
 gheny County representatives exceeded that of any 
 other county. 
 
 The oflicial records show that in case of war 
 with any foreign nation Allegheny Countv is 
 to-day in a position to furnish the government 
 with 158,02:^ men, between the ages of twentv- 
 one and forty-five, who are subject to military 
 duty. These figures are required to be ofticially 
 compiled and certified to the Adjutant-General of 
 Pennsylvania, who in turn is required by law to 
 forward them to the Secretary of War of the 
 United States. 
 
 Well might a county possessed of so great re- 
 sources and blessed with the enjoyment of such 
 unexampled prosperity since the close of the great 
 Civil War, pay the splendid tribute to her soldiers 
 in the war of 1861-1865, by the erection and main- 
 tenance of the Soldiers' and Sailors' ^remorial 
 Hall, an edifice displaying a triumph alike of 
 patriotic sentiment and of imposing architectural 
 beautv. 
 
 C297) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 THE SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL HALL 
 
 EXTERIOR 
 
 The building is of sandstone and occupies the 
 entire tract of one acre and a half on Schenlcy 
 farm plan. It has a Southern frontage on Fifth 
 Avenue and a frontage on Grant Boulevard on 
 till I'ast. An additional tract of same size and 
 ha\ing same frontage on Fiftli Avenue and Grant 
 F.oulevard was acciuired by the County subse- 
 quent to the laying of the corner-stone, to serve 
 as an appropriate setting for llu' I'"iflh Avenue 
 approaches and driveways and landscape effects 
 essential to the imposing architecture of the 
 Memorial edifice. 
 
 Abundant space is also afforded by the posses- 
 sion of this additional tract for ec|uestrian or 
 other statues of distinguished soldiers of the 
 County who fell in battle. Application for proper 
 space for this object has already been made to 
 the Memorial Hall Committee by the Si.xty-third 
 Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers Association, 
 for the erection of a heroic equestrian statue in 
 bronze of Brigadier- General Alexander Hays, who 
 as Colonel organized the Regiment in Allegheny 
 County and who won great distinction in the bat- 
 tles of the .Army of the Potomac, and attained the 
 rank of Brigadier-General, falling in action at the 
 head of a division of Hancock's Corps at the battle 
 of Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
 
 The Monument proposed by the Association 
 for the Memorial Hall Park, Fifth Avenue frontage, 
 it is stipulated will cost not less than $25,000.00, 
 being of dimensions and design similar to the 
 well known equestrian statue of General Hancock 
 in the park off Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington 
 City. Xo doubt application for sites for similar 
 monuments on the Fifth Avenue frontage of 
 Memorial Hull will be received from other Regi- 
 mental Associations or from families of Allegheny 
 Countv Soldiers killcfl in battle. 
 
 INTERIOR 
 
 I-"lRST FLOOR AUDITORIUAI, 122 feet in width 
 an<l 1 20 feet in depth. Fleight to the glass 
 ceiling, 65 feet. 
 
 Stage length, 84 feet, depth, 22 feet. 
 
 Entrance to seats — all sides of room. 
 Two ADDiTiON.VL entrances on stage and platform 
 
 AuDIXORIUil seats in five BLOCKS, with total 
 of over 1700 theatre chairs on main floor and 850 
 on the gallery level — additional chairs 300 
 
 CAN be placed on THE STAGE. 
 
 Auditorium main floor is sloped to the 
 stage. Stage and all aisles have cork flooring. 
 
 Direct light — by 25 large windows placed 
 on four sides of building. 
 
 Tllimination — by Cooper-Hewitt Mercury 
 \'apor Light, Moore Nitrogen \'apor tubes. 
 Incandescent lamps and Flaming Arcs placed 
 the above the ceiling of the hall and reflected down 
 on surface of ceiling. Incandescent lamps on 
 first lloor. 
 
 On Southwest corner of building is a Grand 
 Army Post Room furnished for meetings of the 
 G. A. R. and County Societies. This room is 
 28 feet wide by 54 feet long. 
 
 Direct light in all rooms. 
 
 Illumination side and center lights in bronze 
 fixtures. 
 
 This Room is planned for display of portraits. 
 
 Second Room same size and is wainscoted to 
 ceiling in oak. 
 
 Direct light. Illu.mination same as G. A. 
 R. Room, first lloor. 
 
 Corridors — I'^irst floor on three sides of build- 
 ing, are 14 feet wide and total length 470 feet with 
 28 niches on inner line for statues of Allegheny 
 County Soldiers Recommended by Grand Juries. 
 The outer line is for Tablets giving Rosters, 
 names for all allegheny county enlist- 
 
 (298) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 MENTS, etc. Corridors ox front of Lobby 
 give entrance to two elevators first noor to third 
 floor. Two main stairways, first to third and 
 entrance to large room. Ofiicc of the Superin- 
 tendent of the Building ami to public 'phone 
 rooms, two ticket olTices, stairs down to ])ublic 
 toilets and basement. The side and rear corridors 
 have entrance from side and direct entrance to 
 G. A. R. Room and Society Rooms. 
 
 The Lobby and Corridors have direct light, 
 marble floors and ornamental plaster and stucco 
 work. 
 
 Second I'Yoor Gallery is on three sides 
 of room ICO and contains 850 theatre seats — 
 access by two front elevators, front and rear 
 stairs. 
 
 Direct light same as first floor and same, 
 
 ILLUillN.ATION. 
 
 Spacious Terrace Roof at Gallery kwl 
 on all sides of building allows promenade — access 
 by doorways off galleries sides and rear. 
 
 On Terrace Roof is base for colossal statue 
 in bronze of female seated in Chair Symbolic 
 of "Peace." It will face front of building 
 towards Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Third Floor. Banquet Hall level. Ban- 
 quet Hall 73 feet wide by 73 feet deep, height 
 story to glass ceiling 31 feet 6 inches. 
 
 Cloak rooms, retiring rooms, etc. 
 
 Direct light, 28 windows gallery level. 
 
 Illumination — by lights 59-8 lamps each, over 
 ceiling sash. Incandescent lamps — reflected 
 
 third, amber glass. On gallery 32 clusters, 5 
 lights each. 
 
 Stage on South wau. 8 feet wide by 36 
 feet long. 
 
 Gallery 13 feet wide on all four sides of 
 room for visitors, etc. 
 
 Connected with Room by accordion doors. 
 Have also small Banquet Hall 20 feet wide by 
 73 feet long, height of story, direct liglit from 
 North, illumination b\- theatre clusters. 
 
 On South or Fifth Avenue Frontage 
 Corridor, 73 feet long by 16 feet wide to be used 
 as lobby for bancjuet halls, etc. Direct light and 
 illumination side lights in bronze. 
 
 Corridors connected at elevator and stairs 
 leading to first floor. 
 
 Fr\'E LARGE spacious ROOMS on West side. 
 Xatalie Street. 
 
 Trophy Roo.m .vnd Trophy Room \'ailt. 
 Kitchen and Serving Room for Banquets. 
 
 A Freight elevator discharges in this room 
 connecting with the rear basement entrance for 
 use in handling supplies, etc. 
 
 Stairways at the rear end and stairs lead- 
 ing to first floor. Skrvice stairway or fire 
 
 ESCAPE. 
 
 On Grant Boulevard side or East, three 
 
 ROOMS. 
 
 Women's Check Room. 
 
 Library, cases on all walls for books and 
 direct light. 
 
 -Vlso four rooms for Meetings, Readings, etc. 
 
 (299) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 LAYING OF CORNER-STONE, ME- 
 MORIAL HALL, OCTOBER 
 
 2, 1908 
 
 By S. \V. HILL 
 
 COLONEL S. \V. HILL 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall Sesqui-Centennial Coiiimiitee 
 
 The Memorial Hall foundation bcin"; readv 
 for the formal services of laying the corner-stone 
 at the time contemplated by the citizens of 
 I'ittsburi^'h for the celebration of the one hundred 
 and tlftielh anniversary of the capture of Fort Du- 
 
 I'hc Cojumittee of Arrangements. — Major A. P. 
 BurchJ'ield, Chairman Memorial Hall Committee; 
 Rev. Thomas X. Boyle, D. D.. Frank F. Blair, 
 Joseph E. Boyd, Colonel L. L". Brown, ^lemorial 
 Hall Committee; L K. Campbell, County Com- 
 missioner; James A. Clark, County Commissioner; 
 Hon. Robert S. Frazer, President Judge Common 
 Pleas No. 2; Colonel S. W. Hill, "Memorial Hall 
 Committee; Hon. John '\l. Kennedy, President 
 Judge Common Pleas No. 3; Charles B. Price, 
 County Commissioner; William J. Patterson, 
 John Stulen, Charles O. Smith, Memorial Hall 
 Committee; H. H. Bengough, Secretary, ]Me- 
 morial Hall Committee. 
 
 The Committee met July 15, 1908, to arrange 
 for ceremonies of corner-stone laying, andorganized 
 by the election of Charles B. Price, Chairman; 
 S. W. Hill, Secretary, and appointing the follow- 
 ing subcommittees: 
 
 Programme — W. J. Patterson, Charles O. 
 Smith, Irvin K. Campbell. 
 
 Parade — S. W. Hill, F. L. Blair, FL FF Ben- 
 gough. 
 
 Invitations — Charles B. Price, Irvin K. 
 Campbell, James A. Clark, A. P. Burchlield. 
 
 Contents of the Corner-Stone — Charles B. 
 Price, Irvin K. Campbell, James A. Clark, F. L. 
 Blair. 
 
 At a meeting held August 7, 1908, James E. 
 Porter, Past Department Commander of the 
 Grand Army, was designated as Chief Marshal 
 
 cjuesne by the British and Colonial forces under of the parade, to form on ]\Ieyran Avenue at 9 
 General Forbes, in .\. D., 1758, it was resolved a. m., October 2, 1908, and move at 9:30 a. m., via 
 by the general committee organized to prepare for Forbes Street to Memorial Hall. 
 
 the three days celebration of said Sesqui-Centen- 
 nial by the citizens of Allegheny County, that the 
 laying of the corner-stone of the Soldiers" and 
 Sailors' Memorial Hall, with attendant ceremonies, 
 should be one of the features of the second day, 
 October 2, 1908, and rcc|uested the Memorial 
 Hall Committee of Fifteen to make proper ar- 
 rangements and to prepare a suitable jjrogram, 
 which was done under the direction of the fol- 
 lowing organizations: 
 
 An auxiliary committee was appointed to con- 
 sist of the Post Commander of each Post of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic in the County and 
 the Colonel commanding Encampment Xo. i, 
 Union A'eteran Legion, with John T. Porter, 
 Po.st 155, as Chairman. 
 
 October 2, 1908, at 9 o'clock .\. y\., the parade 
 was formed on Meyran Avenue and mo\cd at 
 9:30 A. M. via Forbes Street and Grant Boulevard 
 to the Memorial TIall in the following order: 
 
 (300) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Escort 
 Detachment of Cadets West Point Militan,' Academy. 
 Chief Marshal — James E. Porter 
 
 Chief of Staff — B. J. Coll 
 
 Adjut.\xt General — S. W. Hill 
 
 Aides — Charles F. McKenna, Oliver McClintock, Charles 
 
 A. Walter, John H. Kerr. 
 
 Fourth Regiment Infantry Sons of Veterans Re- 
 serve 
 
 Field and Stafif 
 
 Frank A. McKelvey Colonel. 
 
 Wintlcld S. Har\'ey Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 Ray D. Harr Major. 
 
 William R. Har\ey .Adjutant. 
 
 J. H. Wentzel Adjutant. 
 
 H. M. Zundel Quartermaster . 
 
 A. H. Cargo Commissary . 
 
 E. F. ]\Iickey Inspector of Rifle Practice. 
 
 George W. Miller Surgeon. 
 
 Minor H. Day Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 Fred M. Gordon Chaplain. 
 
 W. Price Harvey Sergeant-Major. 
 
 George W. Thompson Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
 
 Theodore Rose Commissar\--Sergeant. 
 
 Lew-is G. Tomer Hospital Steward . 
 
 George E. Sprague Color-Sergeant. 
 
 Homer \'. Culp Bugler. 
 
 Regiment.\l Field Band 
 Second Lieutenant Boswell J. Clark Commanding 
 
 -A COMP.\NY 
 
 L. P. Wentzel Captain 
 
 John M. Baker First-Lieutenant 
 
 D. F. Smith Second-Lieutenant 
 
 B Company 
 
 O. P . Benson Captain 
 
 Harry Sisco First-Lieutenant 
 
 B. W. Williams Second-Lieutenant 
 
 C Co.MFANY 
 
 S. E. Ferr}' Cajjtain 
 
 J. C. McCutcheon First-Lieutenant 
 
 Stephen A. Martin Second-Lieutenant 
 
 D COMI'ANV 
 
 Gustav Schaaf Cajjtain 
 
 Charles W. Teeple First-Lieutenant 
 
 Bert Ammon Second-Lieutenant 
 
 E Company 
 
 Samuel T. Steel Captain 
 
 Claude A. Drake First-Lieutenant 
 
 Morris S. Jones Second-Lieutenant 
 
 (30 
 
 F Company 
 William C. Jenkins Captain 
 
 G Company 
 
 Harrj- C. Lea Captain 
 
 Clarence L. Thompson First-Lieutenant 
 
 Ben J. Sleig Second-Lieutenant 
 
 H COMP.\NY' 
 
 D. L. Steen Captain 
 
 E. J. Sexton First-Lieutenant 
 
 J. W. Beadling Second-Lieutenant 
 
 L Company 
 
 Harry B. Koessler Captain 
 
 L. C. Hicks .Second-Lieutenant 
 
 M Company 
 
 John E. Coughenour Captain 
 
 Charles M. Harvey First-Lieutenant 
 
 Albert C. Daniels Second-Lieutenant 
 
 Gr.\nd .Army of the Republic 
 Twenty-eight posts of Allegheny Count)', John T. Porter 
 Post 155, commanding. 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 P0S1 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos' 
 
 Posi 
 
 Posi 
 
 Pos 
 
 Posi 
 
 Po: 
 
 Posi 
 
 Pos 
 
 Pos 
 
 Posi 
 
 Posi 
 
 I'osi 
 
 Posi 
 
 Posi 
 
 Posi 
 Pos 
 
 3, Porter Phipps, commander. 
 
 38, Wilson Wigle, commander. 
 
 41, James Wallace, commander. 
 
 59, William J. Giles, commander. 
 
 88, George W. Maggi, commander.' 
 Ill, Joel C. Pancost, commander. 
 117. L. H. McCroskey, commander. 
 
 127, Thomas Webster, commander. 
 
 128, William E. Caldwell, commander. 
 135, J. C. Stewart, commander. 
 
 151, A. T. Goflf, commander. 
 153, William M. Snyder, commander. 
 155, Robert McMillan, commander. 
 157, William Melvin, commander. 
 162, Henn,- Dauber, commander. 
 181, J. E. Bell, commander. 
 
 206, John W. Jenkins, commander. 
 
 207, D. W. Hutchison, commander. 
 215, L. W. Mallasee, commander. 
 230, F. R. Hutchison, commander. 
 236, John P. J. Young, commander. 
 259, Irvin K. Campbell, commander. 
 289, John B. Holmes, commander. 
 329, James .■\. .Abraham, commander. 
 360, Thomas McLaughlin, commander. 
 470, \V. S. Marshall, commander. 
 
 495, William Woflmglon, commander. 
 548, John M. Marsh, commander. 
 .About 1,500 men. 
 
 I) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Union Veteran Legion 
 
 Encampment No. i, R. P. Douglass, Colonel command- 
 ing; S. M. Evans, Adjutant. 
 
 About 250 men. 
 
 Civil \V.\r Veterans 
 
 Spanish War \'eterans 
 
 Foreign Service Veterans 
 
 On arrival of the procession at the site of the 
 Memorial Hall, the colors and markers whh Guard 
 of Honor of the various organizations moved to 
 the platform and were arranged in position hx 
 Color-Sergeant William J. Hamilton. 
 
 The members of the various organizations 
 particpating in the procession moved to chairs 
 provided for them in front of the platform. 
 
 The ceremonies incident to the corner-stone 
 laying, according to the ritual of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic, were then proceeded with by the 
 following: 
 
 Official Detail 
 
 Commander, A. P. Burchtield, Past Senior 
 Vice-Commander-in-Chief of the G. A. R. 
 
 Chaplain, Thomas X. Boyle, D. D.. Past 
 Chaplain-in-Chief of the G. A. R. 
 
 Adjutant, H. H. Bengough, Past Commander 
 Post 157, G. A. R. 
 
 Quartermaster, C .C. Fawcett, Past Comman- 
 der Post 181, G. A. R. 
 
 Officer of the Day, William T. Powell, Past 
 Department Commander of Pennsylvania G. A. R. 
 
 Ofiicer of the Guard, Samuel Scott, Past Junior 
 \'ice Department Commander of Pennsvlvania, 
 G. A. R. 
 
 Enginecr-in-Chief, I. K. Campbell, Commander 
 Post '259, G. A. R. 
 
 Color-Scrgcant, \\'. J. Hamilton, Past Com- 
 mander Post 3, G. .\. R. 
 
 FOR.MAL Pl.VCI.NT, OF StONE 
 
 Commander Burchfieki called upon the Rt. 
 Rev. Cortland Whitehead. Bishop of the Diocese 
 
 (30 
 
 of Pittsburgh of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 who invoked Divine blessing. 
 
 Rev. Thomas N. Boyle, D. D., Chaplain, read 
 an appropriate selection from the Bible and fol- 
 lowed with a prayer. 
 
 Adjutant H. H. Bengough read the following 
 list of articles deposited in the bo.\ in the corner- 
 stone, namely: 
 
 Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt, President of 
 United States, 1901 to 1909. 
 
 Picture of Ex-Governor W. A. Stone, who 
 framed the special act authorizing the erection of 
 Memorial Hall in honor of soldiers who served in 
 the War of the Rebellion, from Allegheny County. 
 
 Portrait of Ex-Governor Samuel W. Penny- 
 packer, who signed the act for the erection of 
 ^Jemorial Hall. 
 
 Portrait of Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Governor 
 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Finding of Grand Juries authorizing the erec- 
 tion of Memorial Hall. 
 
 Order of Court directing the County Commis- 
 sioners to comply with said act of Assembly in the 
 erection of Memorial Hall. 
 
 Copy of specification furnished architects of 
 competitive plans for said Hall. 
 
 Minutes of meeting of soldiers of Allegheny 
 County, showing the election of a Committee of 
 Ten as per Act of Assembly for the government 
 of said Hall. 
 
 ]\Iap of Allegheny County. 
 
 Copies of all Pittsburgh papers, Sunday and 
 day editions. 
 
 Rosters of Posts 3, ^8, 41, 59, 88, 117, 128, 151, 
 155, 157, 162, 205, 207, 229, 230, 259, 260, 289, 
 
 495- 548. 
 
 Roster of Encampment Xo. i. Union Veteran 
 Legion. 
 
 Roster and badge of Union cx-prisoners of 
 war. 
 
 Roster of Camp 15, Spanish War \'cterans. 
 
 Roster of .\lfred Hunt Camp, Spanish War 
 \'eterans. 
 
 Roster of Post 3, Foreign Service Men. 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Badge of Union Wtcran I-cgion and lapcI 
 shield. 
 
 Badge of the Grand Army of tlie Republic and 
 lapel button. 
 
 Badge and roster of McPherson's Woman's 
 Relief Corps, Xo. 60. 
 
 Badge of Woman's Auxiliary of the U. V. L. 
 
 One dollar Confederate money as used during 
 the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 One 50c. script of United States money as used 
 during the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 Portraits of all officials of Allegheny County. 
 
 Portrait of the Mayor of Pittsburgh, George 
 W. Guthrie. 
 
 Portraits of all the Judges of Allegheny County 
 courts. 
 
 Portrait of W. D. Porter, Judge of Superior 
 Court of Pennsylvania. 
 
 History of the Bank of Pittsburgh, first bank 
 established in Pittsburgh. 
 
 History of the First Presbyterian Church, the 
 first church established in Pittsburgh. 
 
 And last, but not least, one United States flag. 
 
 Commander Burchfield's Remarks 
 
 Commander Burchfield then concluded the 
 ritualistic exercises as follows: 
 
 "Mr. Mayor, Chairman of the Commissioners, 
 and Fellow Citizens. The Posts of the Grand 
 Arm}- of the Republic and other veteran organiza- 
 tions have performed tlie dutv assigned to them, 
 by laying trul\- and wtII the corner-stone of this 
 Memorial building. In the name of the soldiers 
 and sailors who .saved our nation, we thank you 
 for the honor. We rejoice that our country thus 
 proclaims to the world that jjatriolic self-sacrifice 
 is not to be forgotten. We trust that our beloved 
 land may never again be deluged in blood, ^'et 
 we remember the perils of peace are scarcely less 
 than till' perils of war. Tlu- demands for lovaltv 
 are as great upon llic .sons as they were upon the 
 sires. The jjrice of liberty is eternal vigilance. 
 The .safety of our country is in the intelliLrence, 
 
 the moral character, and the patriotism of her 
 citizens. We believe this structure will be an 
 object lesson to inspire lo}-al hearts and a treasure 
 house to enrich minds. We now surrender back 
 into your hands, Mr. Commissioner, this stone, 
 and shall watch with deepest interest the comple- 
 tion of the edifice." 
 
 The corner-stone was then properly placed and 
 sealed under the direction of Engineer-in-chief 
 I. K. Campbell, who used a solid silver trowel, 
 presented to the County Commissioners by Major 
 A. P. Burchfield for the occasion and to be de- 
 posited in Alcmorial Hall. 
 
 After the guards saluted the flag Mrs. J. Sharp 
 McDonald sang the "Star Spangled Banner" with 
 fine effect. 
 
 General Exercises 
 
 After the conclusion of the ritual work, inci- 
 dent to the formal placing of the corner-stone, 
 Chairman Charles B. Price, of the Committee of 
 Arrangements, assumed charge as Master of 
 Ceremonies, and paid tribute to the patriotic 
 people of Allegheny County who had authorized 
 the building of the Memorial and voted the largest 
 appropriation ever made in any county in the 
 United States for a similar purpose, and closed by 
 introducing Hon. George W. Guthrie, Mayor of 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Address of the Mayor 
 
 "I feel toward you, those who are left, that too 
 mucli respect and gratitude for what you have 
 done cannot be shown you. I h()]je that your 
 remaining years will be marked by a conscious- 
 ness on the part of the people which is due you and 
 that the peoi)k' of this country will show you the 
 respect and love that you deserve. 
 
 "This beautiful flag is the emblem of our 
 country, because of your love, duty and devotion. 
 It is a fitting emblem of the memory of the men 
 who died for il. Its .^tripes are no dearer than the 
 blood you shed for it, and its stars are no more 
 bright than the dutv vou showed it. It is then 
 
 (303) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 GENERAL HORACE PORTER 
 Guest of Soldiers' Memorial Hall Comniiitci' 
 
 natural that we should erect this beautiful huild- 
 injT of stone and marble. It is a mark of appre- 
 ciation and esteem of what we think of vou. It 
 
 Porter as a soldier, author, diplomat and orator 
 is peculiarly cjualified for the duty of orator on 
 this great patriotic occasion. Having served on 
 staff of the illustrious General Grant on the field, 
 winning high promotion for gallant and meri- 
 torious service in action, he is in hearty sympathy 
 with the loyal and patriotic objects of the Memorial 
 Hall, the corner-stone of which has just been 
 placed." 
 
 General Porter's introduction met \vith the 
 hearty responses of all present, his comrades in 
 arms of the Grand Army and Sons of \'eterans 
 standing and delivering three rousing cheers. 
 
 Oration of General Hor.a.ce Porter 
 
 General Porter spoke without notes and deliv- 
 ered a most eloquent, patriotic anrl instructive 
 oration, the occasion apparently affording him 
 great inspiration. 
 
 He recalled most interesting memories of the 
 war and of the many distinguished soldiers .Alle- 
 will be an object lesson to the generations vet to gheny County has sent to the front in the great 
 come. conflict. He referred to General .Alexander Hays, 
 
 "As our forefathers made this country, so it General Grant's classmate at West Point, and 
 will continue, the home of freedom and the refuge comrade in arms in the war against Mexico, 
 of all those who seek to stand on their own man- whose death at the battle of the Wilderness 
 hood and Uw under laws of a free sovereign. General Grant mourned as a severe personal loss. 
 
 "This building is sim])lv a faint Lxpression of He also reviewed the campaigns in which officers 
 our gratitude to you. May our country continue and soldiers of Allegheny County were ever con- 
 free and great and a blessing U) mankind." spicuous, and paid a magnilicent tribute to the 
 Post 3 choir, composed of Mrs. J. Sharp memory of the heroic colonels Samuel ^^^ Black, 
 McDonald, soprano; ^fis. W. \\'. \Vaitneight, Oliver II. Rippey, James II. Childs, John W. 
 contralto: E. W. Campney, tenor: Robert L. Patterson, William H. Moody, Robert B. Hampton 
 Layton, bass, and Samuel Brown, organist, and Major Frank B. Ward, who with many 
 then led in singing "America," the audience thousands of others gave up their lives on the great 
 joining. battlefields of the war. Of those who after most 
 Chairman Price, in introducing General Horace meritorious service in the field were permitted to 
 Porter, U. S. Army, retired, as orator of the day, return at the close of the war to their homes, in 
 announced that "General Porter is a distinguished the great County of Allegheny, but who have 
 son of Pennsylvania, a native of Huntingdon long since joined the great army of the dead, he 
 County, Ills father being the late David Ritten- referred feelingly, with personal recollections of 
 house Porter, twice Governor of this state, and General J. Bowman Sweitzer, General Thomas 
 who died more than forty vears ago. General .\. Rowley, (leneral A. L. Pearson, Major George 
 
 (304) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 M. Laughlin, Gen. James S. Negley, and the 
 numerous other soldiers who liad (.•arned for them- 
 selves distinction and glory for the cause of the 
 Union. (}encral Porter, in closing, declared that 
 no monument or Memorial Hall could be too mag- 
 nificent to perpetuate the deeds and the fame of 
 the officers, soldiers and sailors of Allegheny 
 County in the War for the Suppression of the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Address oi- \'ici:- President Pairb.axks 
 
 On introducing the next speaker the Chairman 
 announced that the distinguished vice-president 
 of the United States, Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, 
 needed no introduction to an American audience, 
 He delivered an address, in part as follows; 
 
 ^Ir. Fairbanks congratulated Allegheny County 
 upon the honor she does the memory of her 
 brave men and upon the great honor she does 
 herself by erecting a memorial to those who gave 
 much and those who gave all that liberty might 
 not perish from the republic. Here, amidst the 
 assembled evidences of commercial and indus- 
 trial power, unsurpassed anywhere, it is eminently 
 fitting that an enduring memorial should arise 
 testifying to love of country and devotion to repub- 
 lican institutions. 
 
 "Pittsburgh presides here at the headwaters 
 of the Ohio in majesty and strength. Her great- 
 ness has been achieved since the triumph of our 
 arms and the immortal meeting at Appomatto.x. 
 When the ability of the government to preserve 
 itself was finally demonstrated, the integrity of 
 the nation was assured forever and forever, our 
 countrymen quickly turned from the ways of con- 
 flict to win the ample trophies of peace. 
 
 "The edifice which will arise here will be the 
 perfection of art and as durable as the genius and 
 effort of man can make it. It will long stand as 
 an object of admiration and instruction. Hither 
 the lovers of lil^erty will come and bathe their 
 souls in its pure atmosphere. In time it will fall 
 into decav and fade awav, but the heroic service 
 
 it is intended to commemorate, the cause of free- 
 flom for whicli Ijrave men fought, will be remem- 
 bered and recalled, for the matchless story is 
 written in the imperishable historv of the progress 
 of the human race.'" 
 
 The address of the vice-president was frequently 
 interrupted by hearty applause of the vast audi- 
 ence. 
 
 CoN'GR.VrrLATIONS BY THE C().\I.\I.\X1)ICR-IN- 
 
 Chief 
 
 II. M. Xevius, Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, was next presented 
 and received a loyal welcome from the veterans. 
 Commander Xevius thanked the soldiers present 
 and congratulated the people of Pittsburgh and 
 the Grand Army men of the County for the splen- 
 did memorial that is now being erected. 
 
 Remarks by Governor Stuart 
 
 The Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of Penn- 
 sylvania, was next introduced by Chairman Price, 
 as an oflicial whose patriotic administration and 
 frequent visits to all sections of the State had en- 
 deared him to the public. 
 
 Governor Stuart expressed great gratification 
 at witnessing the prevailing revival of partiotism 
 in what the martyred Lincoln liad forty years 
 ago, styled the "Great State of Allegheny," which, 
 he remarked, since that period might well be said 
 to have developed and increased into an Empire 
 as respects population and material resources. 
 The Governor tendered his congratulations to tlie 
 Grand Army and the Union \'ctcrans of Alle- 
 gheny County in the realization of their fond 
 hopes in having the magnificent Soldiers' and 
 Sailors' Memorial Hall erected in honor of de- 
 fenders of the Union and Constitution in the War 
 for the Suppression of the Rebellion. 
 
 The audience was then dismissed with tiie Bene- 
 diction by the Rt. Rev. Regis Cancvin, D. D. 
 Bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh. 
 
 (305) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 COL. CHARLES OTTO SMITH 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall Sesqui-Centennial Committee. 
 
 CARNEGIE HALL CAMP FIRE 
 
 By CHARLES OTTO SMITH 
 
 The Camp Fire at Carnegie Music Hall, Friday 
 evening, October 2, 1908, was a fitting close to a 
 day made memorable by the laying of the corner- 
 stone of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall. 
 
 The large hall was filled by veterans and their 
 friends, who seemed to enjoy the reminiscences 
 and songs to the fullest extent. 
 
 Captain W. J. Patterson, Past Department 
 Commander of the G. A. R. of Pennsylvania, pre- 
 sided. 
 
 Rev. X. H. Holmes, D. D., pronounced the 
 invocation. 
 
 Mrs. J. Sharp McDonald sang the "Star Span- 
 gled Banner" in her usual inimitable manner. 
 
 Objects axd Alms or the G. A. R. 
 
 Captain Patterson, in opening the exercises of 
 the evening, referred to the oljjects and aims of 
 the Grand Army of the Republic. He said this 
 organization was composed exclusively of honor- 
 ably discharged soldiers and sailors who had 
 served faithfullv in defense of the Union durinc: 
 
 the great Civil War. This noble order, he said, 
 does not have its peer on the face of the earth for 
 loyalty and exalted patriotism. The Grand Army 
 of the Republic stands pledged to support law and 
 order, to maintain morality in private life and to 
 encourage honor and purity in public aft'airs. 
 The fundamental principles of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic, as it moves forward in its noble 
 mission, are Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 
 
 Mayor George \\'. Guthrie was introduced 
 and made a stirring address. Among other things 
 he paid a glowing tribute to 
 
 True WoiiAxnooD 
 
 "True womanhood," said he, "means as much 
 to a nation as true manhood. The mothers and 
 wives in those dark days of civil strife gave their 
 sons and husbands to be sacrificed on the altar 
 of war for the cause of right. They, too, as well 
 as you men who were in the thick of the conflict, 
 endured privation, bitterness and sorrow. As 
 much as we owe you who fought and bled that 
 justice might prevail, so much we owe to the brave 
 womanhood of that period." 
 
 INIrs. J. Sharp ^McDonald, the brevetted "com- 
 rade" of the Grand Army, who won the honor 
 years ago, because of enthusiastic musical service 
 rendered to the organization, led in singing 
 "Marching Through Georgia," the audience 
 joining in the chorus, and answering to a spon- 
 taneous encore sang "Tenting on the Old Camp 
 Ground," with a force and pathos all her own. 
 
 Address of the Commakder-ik-Chiee of ihe 
 G. A. R. 
 
 Henry M. Xevius, Commander-in-Cliief of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, made an clocjuent 
 address, emphasizing the necessity of keeping the 
 fires of patriotism alive among the people. He 
 spoke in part as follows: 
 
 "I witnessed yesterday your grand pageant, your 
 magnificent floats, the grand i)aradc, such as could 
 
 (306) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 United States, Abraham Lincoln, to assist him 
 
 in enforcing the 1; 
 
 i\v. 
 
 At that time this country 
 
 COL. HEXRY -M. NEVIU.S 
 Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R. 
 
 not have been produced in any other city except 
 the City of Pittsburgh. 
 
 "A city of over five hundred thousand inhabi- 
 tants, with manufacturing plants, employing over 
 two hundred and fifty thousand men and an annual 
 pay-roll of three hundred and fifty million dollars, 
 and financial institutions with over seventy mil- 
 lions of capital and a surplus and undivided profits 
 of over a hundred million dollars. A city of 
 palatial residences, beautiful churches and schools, 
 that accommodate over seventy thousand pupils. 
 
 "Truly, the citizens of Pittsburgh have reason 
 to be [jroud of their magnificent city and the 
 splendid showing it is making on this its Scscjui- 
 Centennial Anniversary. 
 
 "I was delighted to be ])rivileged to see to-day 
 Comrade Burchfield, a Past Senior \'ice-Com- 
 mander-in-Chicf of the Grand Army of the Re- 
 public, one of your honored citizens, in the 
 presence of that great multitude, complete the 
 pleasant duty of laying the corner-stone of the 
 grand Memorial Hall you are erecting in honor 
 of your soldiers dead, and soldiers living, who. in 
 1861 and up to 1865, responded to the call of our 
 grand Commander-in-Chief and President of the 
 
 was in a state of turmoil, eleven of our sister states 
 had passed ordinances of secession and were 
 engaged in the mad attempt of bursting asunder 
 the bonds of union established by our fathers, 
 and of destroying their government with its insti- 
 tutions. Those were indeed troublous days, 
 days that put to the severest test the patriotism 
 and loyalty of our citizens. Then it was, m\' 
 comrades, that you broke asunder the ties of 
 party and cast aside the pleasures and pursuits 
 of civil life, and thronged to the front, on land and 
 on sea, resolved that Old Glory should again float 
 over every state and territory in tins union, and 
 that no state or territory should be eliminated 
 therefrom. 
 
 "That war was the most terrible and bloody of 
 any recorded in the pages of history of ancient or 
 modern times. .\ war in which father was en- 
 gaged against son, and brother against brother. 
 And, while you met with many discouragements 
 and many reverses, and while many people of the 
 north, all through that bloodly struggle, discour- 
 aged enlistments, declared the war a failure, and 
 demanded it should cease, and that the south 
 should be allowed to depart in peace, thereby 
 establishing a precedent that if the south could 
 withdraw from the north, then the east could with- 
 draw from the west, and state from state, until lliis 
 great and glorious union would be divided up into 
 as many petty republics as there are states and 
 territories in the union. 
 
 'i)Ut you, my comrades, never faltered and never 
 waviTed, and our President ne\i-r lost faith in the 
 people nor in his army and navy. The love and 
 confidence between him and his generals and 
 admirals, soldiers, sailors and marines, inspired all 
 with a zeal and energy that overcame all op])osi- 
 lion until Appomatto.x, when finally thi' last armed 
 t"oe laid down his arms and treason forever surren- 
 dered to loyalty. .\nd, then peace was declared 
 and law re-established throughout the length and 
 breadth of our land, and the (|Uestion was forever 
 
 (307) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 settled that under the Constitution the national and in a short time pro\ided all the fuse plugs 
 
 government is and must be supreme. tliat were needed. 
 
 ".\nd then the long lines were formed and be- "This incident illustrates the resourceful ingenu- 
 
 neath the folds of the Hag of the United America, ity of one who afterwards became prominent as a 
 
 the long roll was called, and it was found that General and of w'orld-wide renow'n as a diplomat, 
 
 for every star in that field of blue, ten thousand and to whose untiring exertions the people of this 
 
 comrades, brave and true, had laid down their country are indebted for the discovery in an ob- 
 
 lives, and in defense of those stripes of stainless scure corner of Paris, and the removal to our shores 
 
 hue, three hundred thousand comrades had been the remains of America's greatest naval hero, 
 
 sent to their homes, maimed and crippled for life, John Paul Jones. 
 
 but the Union of tlie United States of America "It is our pleasure to have the Lieutenant re- 
 still lives intact, and our nation stands first in the ferred to with us to-night in the person of General 
 forum of the nations of the world." Horace Porter, and those of you of the present 
 
 generation, in years to come, in showing the 
 
 -T- /^ T) familiar picture of General Lee's surrender to 
 
 Fributf. to Generai. Porter ' 
 
 General Grant at Appomatto.x to your children 
 
 Charles Otto Smith, Patriotic Instructor of the and grand-children, can point with pride to the 
 
 Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the figure of General Porter in that i)icture and tell 
 
 Republic, in behalf of the Comrades of Allegheny them that upon this evening of our Sesqui-Cen- 
 
 County, presented to General Horace Porter a tennial, when the veterans of the Ci\il War were 
 
 loving cup, saying: celebrating over the successful laying of the corner 
 
 "April ]oth, 1S62, just one year after the bom- stone of the beautiful ^lemorial that is being 
 
 bardment and reduction of Fort Sumpter by the erected in their honor, you had the pleasure of 
 
 Confederate forces, Fort Pulaski (Georgia) was seeing and hearing this gallant soldier and splen- 
 
 bombarded and reduced bv the Union forces, did citizen. 
 
 One who participated in tlu's bombardment 
 relates this amusing incident. 
 
 "The l)atteries were under the immediate com- 
 mand of Lieutenant Horace I'orter, who went 
 around to every gun to ascertain whether its 
 
 "General Porter, when we learned you had 
 accepted the in\-itation to be present with us on 
 this occasion, we were glad — but when our eyes 
 beheld _\'ou we were overjoyed — we trust, sir. 
 )'our stay with us has afforded you as much pleas- 
 
 captain was provided with everything that would urc as we have enjoyed, and when you depart 
 
 be necessary when the firing would begin. .\t from us you will carry with you only pleasant 
 
 one mortar battery, fuse i>lugs were wanting, and memories; but to make sure vou may not forget 
 
 the officer was in despair. This battery had the us, your comrades of Allegheny County, veterans 
 
 position nearest to the fort, and its four mortars of the Civil War, ha\-e prepared, as a slight token 
 
 were useless without the plugs. Finally he of their esteem and affection, this loving cup, and 
 
 remembered that there was a Yankee regiment in their behalf it is my pleasure to present it t(j 
 
 (Seventh Connecticut) on the island, and you. Its intrinsic value is not great, but I trust. 
 
 remarked, '.Ml ^'ankees are whittlers. If this sir, in the years to come, as you look into this cup 
 
 regiment could be turned out to-night, they might you will be reminded of the faces and the scenes 
 
 whittle enough fuse plugs before morning to fire of this occasion, and that these memories will 
 
 a thousand rounds.' Thereupon he rode out in gladden ycjur heart. 
 
 the darkness to the camp of that regiment, and "May the choicest blessings of Heaven rest upon 
 
 the regiment was immediately ordered to whittle, vou. and mav vou live manv vcars to enjov them.'" 
 
 (30S) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Reply of General Porter 
 
 General Porter received the gift witli expres- 
 sions of heart-felt thanks for the comradeship that 
 prompted such a kind remembrance on the part 
 of his western soldier friends of Allegheny County. 
 
 The General dwelt on the need of teaching 
 the young to reverence the United States flag and 
 the uniform of the army and navy. He referred 
 to two sailors from a battleship being refused ad- 
 mittance to a theater and hotels at Newport, R. I., 
 because they wore the navy uniform. He char- 
 acterized the incident as a gross insult to the dig- 
 nity of the nation in whose service the men were 
 enlisted. He expressed the hope that a law will 
 soon be passed making such disrespect a criminal 
 act. General Porter interspersed his speech with 
 witty anecdotes of the Rebellion, which were en- 
 thusiastically enjoyed by the audience. 
 
 Address of the Vice-President of the 
 United States 
 
 Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was next 
 introduced and spoke of the battles fought and 
 won by the Grand Army and the outcome of the 
 Civil War, as placing upon those charged with the 
 large civic responsibilities of the country a high 
 and sacred duty to maintain unsullied in times 
 of peace what had been preserved by bloodshed 
 in times of strife. He said: 
 
 "We have observed in our progress as a people 
 from the earliest days of the republic until now, 
 that there is in our affairs the guiding hand of an 
 over-ruling Providence. The selection of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln to preside over the destiny of the 
 republic, when its life was in the balance, was an 
 evidence of providential interposition. 
 
 "WTio among all the patriotic men of America 
 was better suited than he — no, I will say, equally 
 suited — to the exigencies of that supreme hour? 
 
 "He was as patient as destiny. When others 
 lost hope, his confidence in the integrity of his 
 cause ancl in the valor and the heroism of Ulysses 
 
 S. Grant and the armies of the Union was un- 
 shaken. 
 
 "He felt that sooner or later they would com- 
 mand success and that the unity of the Union 
 would be preserv'ed for ourselves and our children 
 forever. How like the irony of fate, it all seems, 
 that after he had led his people through the Red 
 Sea, it should not have been permitted him to 
 enjoy the promised land! 
 
 "The Grand Army of the Republic was the 
 nation's potent defence in war and it has been a 
 source of strength to our institutions in time of 
 peace. Your patriotic service did not end when 
 you were mustered out with honor. You re- 
 turned to the quiet walks of life and consecrated 
 yourselves anew to the discharge of your civic 
 duties. 
 
 "The Civil War cost much in blood and treasure. 
 When we look back upon it we wonder that it 
 could not have been averted and wc wish it might 
 have been. Yet it was, perhaps, in a large sense, 
 best that it should have come with all of its cruelty 
 and destructiveness. It will be remembered for 
 unnumbered centuries yet to be. 
 
 "Opportunity comes to few nun to render 
 service to their fellow men which will long survive, 
 but to you, members of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, the supreme opportunity came and you 
 met it supremely. You made the generation in 
 which you wrought your debtor and the genera- 
 tion which shall follow us will praise and honor you. 
 
 "In recalling your arduous campaigns and the 
 success you achieved, we thereby emphasize the 
 necessity of increased devotion to the public weal. 
 That which has cost much must needs have much 
 of our concern to safeguard and preserve it. 
 
 "We must have a quickened sense of our civic 
 duty so that wc may transmit, strengthened and 
 unsullied, the flag whose integrity you preserved 
 and whose glory you increased." 
 
 The \'ice-President was followed by Congress- 
 man Burke and former Judge Harry White, of 
 Indiana County, both of whom delivered short 
 patriotic addresses and the camp fire terminated. 
 
 (309) 
 
in 111 \\i:XUE BY XIC.HT DURING THE SESQUI-CKXTKNXIAL 
 
 (310) 
 
(3") 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 ANNIVERSARY DAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1908 
 
 A. J. KELLY, JR., Chairman 
 
 On Tuesday morning, November 24th, Hon. 
 Herman de Lagercrantz, the Minister of Sweden 
 to the United States, arrived in Pittsburgh with 
 his Secretary, Count Ludvig R. af Ugglas, both 
 iDcing the guests of the Anniversary Day subcom- 
 mittee of the Sesqui-Ccntcnnial Committee. Dur- 
 ing the day they visited the Carnegie Institute 
 and Technical Schools and the Homestead Steel 
 Works. In the evening, with Hon. Charlemagne 
 Tower, former United States .\mbassador to Ger- 
 many, and Go\xTnor Edwin S. Stuart, they were 
 entertained at a dinner given l)y Mr. and Mrs. 
 Samuel Harden Church, at their residence. 
 
 On the morning of .\nniversarv Day, Novem- 
 ber 25th. special exercises were held in all the 
 schools of the city, the program for which was 
 prepared by a Sesf|ui-Centennial Committee 
 headed by i\ev. J. Leonard Lew. 
 
 The most notable celebration was at the Du- 
 (|uesne School, Prof. M. J. McMahon, principal. 
 This school stands on the sites of Forts Duquesne 
 and Pitt at Liberty and Second .\\enue. The 
 ]>rogram consisted of songs, recitations and drills 
 by the children of the schools. .A. most interesting 
 feature consisted of a series of historic tableau.x. 
 These included Cajjtain Celeron and his followers, 
 descending the .\lleghen\- River, Washington and 
 Gist cro.ssing the .\llegheny on a raft. Captain 
 Trent building a fort at the forks of the Ohio, 
 and its capture by the French and Indians; Brad- 
 dock's defeat, planting of Lnglish llag on ruins 
 of Fort Duc|uesne, ihr illock House, and the 
 Sesqui-Cenlennial. Tlie chihh-en were trained by 
 Miss Kate H. Dugan and other teachers of the 
 school. The School Board took a great interest 
 in the celebration and expended several hundred 
 dollars. A conlriljution was also made by the 
 Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee. The morning ex- 
 
 ercises at the school were attended by Governor 
 Edwin S. Stuart, Hon. Herman de Lagercrantz, 
 Minister of Sweden, and Willian H. Stevenson, 
 Chairman of the Sesqui-CentennialCommittce, all 
 of whom made addresses. Count L'gglas, Secre- 
 tary of the Swedish Minister, and A. B. Millar, 
 Secretary of Governor Stuart, and members of the 
 Sesqui-Centennial Committee, were also present. 
 The program was repeated in the evening. 
 
 Special Sesqui-Centennial services were held in 
 the chapel of the L'niversity of Pittsburgh. 
 
 In the morning of .Anni\ersary Day, Governor 
 Claude A. Swanson of ^'irginia, and Hon. Charle- 
 magne Tower \isited the Carnegie Institute. At 
 1 1 : 45 A. M. all the city's guests and a number of 
 officers and members of the Sesqui-Centennial 
 Committee were guests at a breakfast at the 
 L'^niversity Club given b\- Dr. ^^'illiam J. Holland. 
 
 At 6 p. M. the city's guests and Governor J. H. 
 Higgins of Rhode Island were given a dinner at 
 the Fort Pitt Hotel. 
 
 The Sesqui-Centennial meetings were held in 
 the auditorium of the western Pennsylvania 
 E.xposition on November 25th, 
 
 .M'TERXOOX SKSSIOX 
 
 M the afternoon meeting there were present 
 about 2,500 people, .\fter the rendition of the 
 overture "Domitian" of Fidelis Zitterbart, by the 
 Pittsburgh Orchestra, conducted by Emil Paur, 
 the afternoon session of the Sesqui-Centennial 
 meeting was called to order by Chairman A. J. 
 Kelly, Jr., Committee on .Anniversary Day at 
 2: 15, in the following w(;rds: 
 
 "On the 27th of September we inaugurated the 
 Sesqui-Centennial exercises with divine worship. It 
 would not be })roj)er to open these exercises without 
 
 '■) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the invocation of the blessings of divine Provi- 
 dence, and giving thanks for all the kindness and 
 goodness shown to this great city. Rev. Maitland 
 Alexander, D. D., of the First Presbyterian 
 Church, will now pronounce the invocation." 
 
 PR.WI.K OF DR. M.\ITI,.\XD .M.I'.X.VXDER 
 
 ".\lmighty God, we praise thee and acknowl- 
 edge thee to be the Lord. All the earth doth wor- 
 ship thee, the Father everlasting. We thank thee 
 for thy loving-kindness unto us thrcnighout all the 
 days of the years that are past. And as we review 
 those years, thy hand hast ever been spread out to 
 shield us, to strengthen us, to guide us, and to 
 befriend us. We thank thee for our temporal 
 resources. We thank thee for the fibre and the 
 strength of our ancestry. But above all things, 
 we thank thee for thy providential care which has 
 made us what we are. And therefore, we beseech 
 thee, that as in the days that are past, so in the 
 days that are to come, thou wilt be with thv peo- 
 ple here and from everlasting to everlasting, to 
 the generations that are to come. Mav the bcaut\- 
 of the Lord, our God, be upon them. .Vnd es- 
 tablish thou the work of our hands upon us, yea 
 the work of our hands, establish thou it. And we 
 will give the glory unto the Father and unto the 
 Son, and unt(j the Holy Ghost, world without end. 
 Amen." 
 
 REMARKS OF :\IK. .\, J. KKl.LV, [U. 
 
 "Large cities throughout our great country 
 celebrate their centennials and their 200th anni- 
 versaries and it came to the minds of some of our 
 best citizens and especially to the mind of our 
 Mayor, that the city of Pittsburgh ought to re- 
 member her Sesqui-Centennial. Because, here, al 
 this spot, at this point of the ri\er, where the two 
 rivers meet, the greatest historical interest of this 
 whole Country centers. The Councils of the City 
 of Pittsburgh by resolution authorized our Mayor 
 to appoint a committee of seventy to take charge 
 of these exercises. Our natal dav occurs on 
 
 November 25th, the day we are now observing. 
 Out-of-door exercises would be impossible at this 
 time of the year, and the committee therefore 
 arranged a program which consisted of a week of 
 celebration and festivities and pageants, to be 
 ended by the celebration of an indoor e.xercise on 
 this, our natal day. That is why we are here to- 
 day, to finish up the program so auspiciously 
 Ijegun, so well carried out, and so greatly ap- 
 preciated, on the 27th day of September and 
 thereafter for a week. 
 
 "His Honor our Mayor is, and ought to be, the 
 chairman of all these committees. He is the man 
 who has stood by and guided the committees, and 
 generally helped. .Vnd we have him with us to- 
 day, and he will preside at this meeting, and also 
 at the meeting this evening. I have therefore not 
 only the pleasure but the great honor to introduce 
 our respected Mayor, the Honorable George W. 
 Guthrie." 
 
 ADDRKSS Ol' ItOX. CKORC.F W. (UTHRIE 
 
 " Vour excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Pitts- 
 burghers: We stand to-day on historic ground. 
 In this immediate neighljorhood was settled for all 
 time the ccjntroversies between the Latin and the 
 English-speaking races as to who should rule the 
 (k'stinies of this great country. One hundred 
 and fifty years ago, in the presence of the English 
 troops and the provincial troops from Pennsvlvania 
 and \'irginia, the Hritisli llag wius hoisted over this 
 ground and the nanii- "'Pittsburgh" given to the 
 settlement tlien established, and tlie destinv, tht' 
 future of this nation was established. Here 
 quickly gathered the Indian traders. Following 
 them came traders and merchants, and thev 
 moved through this gateway of the mountains, 
 animated by tiiat strange land-hunger which 
 animates all humanity, moved to the West, ever 
 going, never ceasing, until they touched the waters 
 of the Pacific. Here started industry after in- 
 dustry. The commerce of the river furnishing 
 first bv llat boats all the commerce of the m-eat 
 
 (313) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 west, slowly developing into steamboats, followed 
 by railroads carrying not only our own products, 
 but the products of all the east to the people of 
 the new lands. And here came a people ready to 
 work, sober, industrious, intelligent, who have 
 built u]) tliis great industrial and commercial 
 community. It is a matter of pride that we have 
 here displayed to-day, by this great gathering, 
 the loyalty of the people of Pittsburgh in its past, 
 its present and its future, meeting here to-day to 
 give expression to what you feel, your memory of 
 the great deeds done here, the great industries 
 carried on, your love and devotion to your city, 
 and your determination tliat it will go forward 
 until the growth from that little settlenient founded 
 here one hundred and fifty years ago to-day, will 
 be lost in the greater growth, the greater develop- 
 ment, the greater glory of this great city in the 
 future. 
 
 "And let me tell you, the greatness, the glory 
 of this city, is not in its products, is not in its speed 
 or its houses, fine as they may be, but is in its 
 people, the manhood and the womanhood that it 
 gives to the world, in the loyalty of its people to 
 its own best interests, and to the glory and stability 
 of its nation. That is what makes a city great. 
 And it is because we sec in the demonstration 
 which you have given not only to-day Inil in that 
 past week to which Mr. Kelly so well referred, 
 that we feel justified in saying to the world that 
 for its people and their loyalty we challenge the 
 world. It is a matter of gi-atification, it is a matter 
 very appropriate, that on this occasion we should 
 have with us here representatives of interests so 
 intimately connected with the early history and 
 development of this State and of this district. We 
 have with us his excellency the Swedish minister, 
 who comes as a representative of his king, because 
 the first settiers on the soil of Pennsylvania came 
 from that kingdom, and their people and their 
 blood have come unto us and have learned to 
 make part of that great foundation of the people 
 who rule this State. We have with us his excel- 
 lency the governor of \'irginia, and you will all 
 
 remember that in the earlv davs it was a question 
 as to whether tliis territory Avhere we now stand 
 should belong to \'irginia or to Pennsylvania. 
 And we all remember, too, with pride in the great- 
 ness of our nation, and especially in the greatness 
 of our neighboring people, that they set aside all 
 personal or local advantage and voluntarily ceded 
 to the nation, to make peace and good will, the 
 territory o\X'r wlu'cli they believed they had a right 
 to claim authority. And Ijy that cession they 
 made this part of Pennsylvania. He comes here 
 to-day to join with us in our celebration of our 
 prosperity. .And we have with us also Iiis ex- 
 cellency tile governor of Pennsylvania, who comes 
 here to show that community of interest, that 
 feeling of general loyalty, which testifies to the 
 feeling of the people of the State on the progress 
 and prosperity and glory of Pittsburgh, and to 
 say to us words of good will and good wishes." 
 
 ]Mr. Howard White then sang "]My Lovely 
 Rosebud" by Charles Wakefield Codman, and 
 "Oh That We Two Were Maying," by Ethelbert 
 Nevin. 
 
 ]\Iayor Guthrie then introduced the Hon. Edwin 
 S. Stuart, Governor of Pennsvlvania. 
 
 ADDRESS OF HOX. EDWIN S. STUART 
 
 "Mr. Chairman, your Excellencies, Ladies and 
 Gentlemen : — I said to-day to the members of 
 your committee that if they continued celebrating 
 their Sesqui-Centennials it would be necessary to 
 move the capital to Pittsburgh in order that the 
 Governor might be convenient for all such occa- 
 sions. I am glad to be here to-day, glad to wel- 
 come to the soil of Pennsylvania the Governor of 
 a great comm.onwealth whose people did so much, 
 not only for the foundation of this republic, but 
 particularly for the reason that Pittsburgh is here 
 to-day. 1 refer to his excellency, Governor Swan- 
 son of Mrginia. .Also I am glad to welcome to the 
 soil of Pennsylvania the Minister from Sweden to 
 the United States. His people were first to settle 
 in our great State. 1 am also glad indeed to be 
 
 (314) 
 
Cuuili->y of Gazette-Times 
 DR. WILLIAM J. HOLLAND AND FRIENDS AT ENTRANCE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE 
 From left to right: Martin Hokanson, Dr. A. .A. Hamerschlag, Dr. William J. Holland, Hon. Herinan De Lagercrantz, Count 
 Ludvig R. af Ugglas and Burd S. Patterson. 
 
 Courii-sy ol Clironine-'lnegniph 
 ON WAY TO EXPOSITION HALL 
 Dr. J. .\. lirashcar, Hon. Claude .A. Swanson, Governor of Virginia, E. Z. Smith, and Hon. George W. Guthrie, Mayor of Pittshurgh. 
 
 (315) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 with you, and to join in celebrating the one hun- 
 dred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of 
 Pittsburgh and most sincerely return your saluta- 
 tion, and wish for your city continued prosperity. 
 
 "Local history is so rich in material of national 
 and international interest that it is difficult to 
 appropriate it for our own. George Washington 
 was the father of the Pittsburgh country. Xo one 
 in his time knew the west so well. In his teens 
 he was schooled in the forests and mountains. 
 Thus strong in body and mind he stepped into 
 full view of the world as a chief figure in 1754, 
 when he fired the first gun in the French and 
 Indian War and signed the first treaty at Fort 
 Necessity in the .Allegheny country. 
 
 "Later, in the halls of legislation, he championed 
 the west because he had especial knowledge of it. 
 From a partisan and patriotic motive he coveted 
 the Ohio trade for \'irginia. After the Revolu- 
 tion his interest broadened to a national scope. 
 He then devoted his attention to the commercial 
 aspect of the west, and began the Potomac Navi- 
 gation Company enterprise, which ultimately gave 
 to America its first steam railroad, a competitive 
 line of communication from Baltimore to the Ohio. 
 
 "In early times the Ohio country was a tangled 
 wilderness, the possession and hunting ground of 
 the Irocjuois. The Ohio river the same then as 
 now, was a great thoroughfare. Into this region 
 came the French explorers in canoes from the 
 north, and before the world learned of it French 
 forts were established at most of the strategic 
 points. The Indians did not object because the 
 forts were really warehouses where articles of 
 trade could be had and where entertainments were 
 given. 
 
 "When, in 1749, the Mrginia Company ob- 
 tained a royal charter froni the King of England, 
 for land in the Ohio \'alley, the French govern- 
 ment at Montreal felt outraged at such aggression. 
 The nearest points of contact between the French 
 and English were on the Virginia and Pennsylvania 
 borders, so here the rivalry was most intense. 
 
 "The colonial governor of Virginia, Robert 
 
 Dinwiddle, was ordered to build a fort at the 
 forks of the Ohio. Before taking a decided step 
 he sought an envoy; a frontiersman, because there 
 were 500 miles of wilderness to be traversed in 
 dead winter; a diplomat, because cunning savages 
 and French trained in intrigue were to be met; 
 and a soldier, because there were forts to be 
 marked, highways of approach to be considered, 
 vantage sites on rivers and mountains to be noted 
 and compared. 
 
 "Major George Washington's services were 
 offered and accepted. He followed an Indian trail 
 blazed by the Ohio Company, and in forty-two days 
 from starting, on December 11, 1753, he delivered 
 the message to the French commander at Fort le 
 Beouf, requesting the French to depart from Eng- 
 lish territory. To-day one may cross the con- 
 tinent and the Atlantic four times in the same 
 number of days. 
 
 "The declination of the French to retire and 
 the publication of Washington's account of the 
 trip, telling of the situation on the Ohio frontier, 
 electrified Europe. The Virginia Governor and 
 Council at once ordered Washington to proceed 
 to the forks of the Ohio and there erect a fort. 
 Thus was begun, by George Washington, the first 
 modern historical highway through Pennsylvania 
 to Pittsburgh. 
 
 "Washington's route was not much more than 
 a widened forest path, but it served to inaugurate 
 the struggle which eventually terminated in na- 
 tional independence. 
 
 "Braddock's expedition to the Ohio valley from 
 Mrginia the following year, over Washington's 
 path, memorialized the colonies. 
 
 "Braddock's death brought wretchedness to the 
 colonists. 
 
 "No longer did the Indian waver. Bands of 
 savages massacred men, women and children, 
 drove back the settlers, and depopulated the out- 
 posts. Even the coast people began to tremble. 
 
 "Governor Morris, by authority of the general 
 assembly, widened an old Indian trading path, 
 bv which the red men carried his goods to and 
 
 (316) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 from the Ohio. This improvement had Ijeen 
 pushed west to the mountains beyond Bedford, 
 when Braddock's defeat put an end to the work. 
 The object of the road was to afford a short cut 
 through Pennsylvania west of Braddock's road 
 for speedy intelligence from the coast, and quick 
 delivery of supplies from the storeliouses of east- 
 ern Pcnnsvlvania, then the granary of the new 
 world. 
 
 "Thus was Ijegun by Gcnernor Morris at 
 Braddock's request, the second modern historical 
 highway through Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh. The 
 first was destined to become a national road to 
 the west. The second was destined to become 
 the military road and the most important highway 
 in America. Three years later, when General 
 Forbes came from England to take up Braddock's 
 unfulfilled task, the colonists were thorouglily 
 aroused to their needs and stood ready to aid 
 the campaign, even to suggesting a route. It 
 meant much to Pennsylvanians to have a high- 
 way across the province to the Ohio. It meant 
 a fortified route and a future avenue of trade. 
 Virginians advocated tlie old Ijraddock road, 
 and a bitter strife was interjected into the cam- 
 paign between these factions. It lasted over two 
 decades and nearly precipitated bloodshed. 
 
 "Because it was the shortest route from the 
 base of supplies at Carlisle to the French strong- 
 hold. Fort Duquesne, General Forbes selected 
 Governor Morris' road and extended it straight 
 through the mountains to the enemy, and so the 
 great Pennsylvania highway to Pittsburgh was 
 established. Xo other road became so strongly 
 fortified. Xo other road witnessed so many cam- 
 paigns. And after the military contests and strife 
 were ended, for fifty years this route was the 
 chief one to the West. 
 
 "Washington participated in Uraddock's cam 
 paign and defeat and in Forbes' expedition. He 
 witnessed the occupation of Fort Du(juesne, whose 
 150th anniversary wc now celebrate. Such great 
 prominence did Forbes' road attain during the 
 Revolutionary War that immediately thereafter 
 
 the Pennsylvania Assembly made it a State road, 
 now familiarly known as the Pittsburgh and 
 Chambcrsburgh turnpike. 
 
 "Tt is impossible for the present generation to 
 realize how the Pittsburgh pike was the connecting 
 link in the occupation and winning of the west up 
 to the time the other great Pennsylvania highway, 
 the canal, superseded it. This water thorough- 
 fare was the greatest engineering achievement of 
 its kind in the world at that period. 
 
 "After the Revolution, with independence 
 gained, the young republic began to grasp its 
 opportunities. The country was vast in territory. 
 The roads were impassable in winter. They were 
 wretched in wet weather. The rivers, however, 
 were easily navigable. They extended long dis- 
 tances into the interior. The westward move- 
 ment was common. So improved navigation 
 came rapidly to the fore. 
 
 "Washington maintained that the States of 
 Mrginia and Maryland, through the improvement 
 of the Potomac and other streams, should secure 
 the trade of the rising empire to the west of the 
 .\lleghanies. Due to his influence and initiative, 
 these States united to make the improvement. 
 The Ohio at Pittsburgh was the objective point. 
 So again did Washington's plans lead to the forks 
 of the Ohio; but little was accomplished up to 
 1S20, when llie impending success of the canal 
 across Xew York brought up the question of the 
 feasibility of a canal to the Ohio from \'irginia. 
 
 "The United States government assisted in the 
 survey again, with the forks of the Ohio the ob- 
 jective point. But meantime the Xational Cum- 
 berland road (Braddock's route) had been built 
 and was in the zenith of its usefulness. It was 
 started in 1808, finished as far as Uniontown in 
 181 7, and in 1818 United States mail coaches ran 
 from W^ashington, D. C. to Wheeling, W'. \'a. 
 During a generation the road had a prei)onder- 
 ating inlluence on the growth of the population of 
 Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. X'o steam railroad 
 was ever so wonderful and full of varied life. 
 
 "During all tlie vears before the completion of 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 HON. HERIVL'VN DE LAGERCRAXTZ 
 Of Sweden, Minister to the United States 
 
 the Pennsylvania canal the great Pennsylvania 
 highway, the old Forbes road, retained its prestige 
 and luster and was in fact the nation's most im- 
 portant thoroughfare. 
 
 "In those days of rivalry between Philadelphia 
 and Baltimore for the Ohio basin trade, it was of 
 greatest moment that Philadelphia should be kept 
 in close touch with Pittsburgh. The Cumljerland 
 road across the Alleghenics was manv miles 
 shorter, and to overcome this disadvantage Penn- 
 sylvania sought a water route of advanced pattern, 
 and a combined water and railway route was 
 built between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh which 
 eclipsed all other possil^le water routes to the 
 Ohio Valley. Pittsburgh was the objecti\-e point, 
 as she has always been. 
 
 "Subsequent events in the development of trans- 
 Allegheny traffic have served to enrich Pittsburgh 
 in her position as the port of entry and transfer 
 point Ijetween the cast and west. I understand 
 that the freight tonnage of this district alone sur- 
 passed that of New York and Chicago combined. 
 To-day Pittsburgh is the most renowned industrial 
 center of America, the wonder and admiration of 
 the world. 'Phe State of Pennsvlvania boasts of 
 
 Pittsburgh's history, achievement and wealth, and 
 at this time, set apart for reminiscence and com- 
 memoration, the citizens of Pennsylvania extend 
 their congratulations and wish for your citizens 
 continued prosperity and happiness. 
 
 "Devotion to duty as he saw it characterized the 
 life of George Washington. In our time we have 
 equal responsibilities and opportunities. Our acts 
 also may preserve for the present and future gen- 
 erations manifold blessings, and I feel certain the 
 people of Pennsylvania will never be found want- 
 ing in progressiveness and patriotism." 
 
 Baron Lagercrantz, Minister from Sweden to 
 the United States, was the next speaker. 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. HERMAN DE LAGERCRANTZ 
 
 "Mr. Mayor, Excellencies, Ladies — and I do 
 not know whether I dare say Gentlemen. They 
 complain that we European gentlemen pay so 
 much attention and so much admiration to the 
 ladies in this country that there is nothing left for 
 the gentlemen. 
 
 "I have the honor to represent on this occasion 
 my devoted, gracious King, Gustavus V. He is 
 the king of the nation that first of European na- 
 tions landed in Pennsylvania. And among them 
 I believe now the most distinguished was a cer- 
 tain Mr. Swanson. I am not going to speak on 
 his behalf because one of his descendants, his 
 excellency the Governor of Virginia, is present. 
 
 "I came here expecting to see, and did see a 
 Ijeehive wliere human toil conquered nature. I 
 expected to see and I have seen how the iron which 
 lias rested, dignified and strong through thousands 
 of years in the mountains, boasting of its niuscles 
 strong enough to challenge the world, I have seen 
 this iron blush before a handful of men, having 
 to bow to the human skill. and will. I have seen 
 how the black coal, still in deep mourning, the 
 last weakness of a revolution where human toil 
 had no part, I have seen this coal begin again to 
 go into society where Mr. Furnace gives his long 
 dinner. T have seen the black toiler, the in- 
 
 (318) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 telligcnt player, who holds the law in the great 
 match between human intelligence and the digni- 
 fied conservative — Nature. In this match Pitts- 
 burgh has the world's record. I expected to see 
 all these, but what I did not expect to see, or to 
 find, was that this i)hice wliich is known all over 
 the world as 'Hell without a lid' has one hundred 
 and fifty churches of all denominations. Surely 
 it is the Ik'lFs record. I did not expect to find 
 through the smoke such palaces erected to the 
 highest human culture. I had heard about Air. 
 Carnegie. \\'ho does not know him? But I did 
 not expect half of what I have seen, even in the 
 magnificent Institute, the Technical School, the 
 Girls' School, and all the other schools. You 
 know better than I do the chances for the sons and 
 daughters of this strong race whom I have known 
 and loved from my childhood, down there in the 
 mills, the chances to equip themselves to conquer 
 still more. Nature. 
 
 "Now, all this I have seen and admired, and 
 engraved in my mind. But being the only repre- 
 sentative here to-day from abroad, I humbly take 
 the opportunity to congratulate you on the event 
 of the celebration to-day. Fort Duquesne was 
 the stronghold of the northern region. It was one 
 of the corner-stones of the Latin power in the new 
 world. I congratulate you on your victory, the 
 second event in the history of America. What 
 our great king, Gustavus Adolphus, gave to the 
 old world, at Lutzen, you gave to the new world 
 at Fort Duquesne. You claimed what has been 
 recognized as the highest right of the human race, 
 the right to serve God as the heart dictates. 
 
 "Now, our littie country in the far north has, 
 in comparison with its size, done as much as any 
 nation to reach the ideals of mankind. I want 
 to remind you without false pride, of names such 
 as Bcrzclius, Celsius, Swedenborg, Scheele, John 
 Erickson, whom you all know, Berenson, who 
 developed the Bessemer process, Arminius, whom 
 I would almost call Mr. Carnegie's John the Bap- 
 tist. I ought not to sit down without calling your 
 attention to the fact which I havi' nn^ntiont'd. that 
 
 we were the first to lanfl in this part of America. 
 And we are very proud to-day that there are 
 several of the governors in the States of America 
 who are of Swedish descent, ^^'hy, yesterday I 
 passed through the Homestead works, and some- 
 body t()Ul me that not a small part of these works 
 were built under the supervision of the Swedes, 
 and I was told that Mr. Thorstcn Berg, a very 
 modest man, had much to do with it. 
 
 "My' name, translated into English, is 'The 
 crown of laurel' and it is more than appropriate 
 that the old world should send a living cro\\'n of 
 laurel to the monument of the heroes at Fort 
 Ducjuesne. This monument is Pittsburgh.'' 
 
 Airs. Agnes Yogel Roberts then sang "I Love 
 Thee," by Ad. M. Foerster, "Rosary," by Ethel- 
 bert Nevin, and " Old Folks at Home," by Stephen 
 C. Foster. 
 
 In introducing Governor Swanson of Mrginia 
 Maj'or Guthrie said : " Ladies and Gentlemen : — • 
 Virginia has given to the nation names that we all 
 honor, many that are not local to the nation. Her 
 soil has been consecrated by the blood of heroes, 
 and from every hamlet in this nation stretches 
 from the heart of the people tender clinging mem- 
 ories of the heroes who rest there. The governor 
 of that commonwealth is with us to-day, and it is 
 with pleasure that I present to you his excellency 
 the Governor of X'irginia, Governor Swanson." 
 
 .VDDRESS OV IIOX. CI..\UDE .\. SWANSON 
 
 "Mr. Mayor, Your E.xcellency the Governor 
 of Pennsylvania. Ilis E.xcellency the Minister 
 from Sweden, Ladies and Gentlemen: — 
 
 "I appreciate the compliment very much. I 
 see that the Mayor is desirous of spurring my 
 ambition and making progiTss in my direction 
 like Pitls]>urgh has so splendidiv displayed in all 
 lines. ( )r ])ossil)ly his mind is going back, and 
 possibl}- he thought we were still really within 
 the jurisdiction of Virginia. 
 
 "The Mayor in his introductory remarks, which 
 have been verv kind. I assure vou, seems to have 
 
 C319) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 IIOX. CLAUDE A. SWAXSOX 
 Governor of Virginia 
 
 in his mind, though he has not expressed it, what 
 a good old German friend when I spoke in New 
 York, had, when he introduced me there not so 
 very long ago. He said, 'I will not l^ore you with 
 a sjDeech, we haw invilcd some gentlemen here 
 for that pur])ose, and 1 take pleasure in introduc- 
 ing to you," etc. 1 am especially pleased with 
 this splendid address of the Governor of Pennsyl- 
 N'ania and his l()\ing and beautiful tribute to 
 \'irginia, and George Washingtcjn, \'irginia's fa- 
 vorite, and the foremost son of America, also. I 
 was also especially pleased with the address of the 
 distinguished Minister from Sweden. I wish to 
 assure him that the old world has not sent to the 
 new a laurel more charming, more delightful than 
 the one that has decorated Pittsburgh to-day in 
 his own person. T wish to assure him that his 
 career as a minister will be great if he will sliow 
 the same discernment in ili|ilnnialir matters that 
 he has shown in his estimate of what is the most 
 linished, the finest product of America, the .Amer- 
 ican woman. And when I see this beautiful array 
 of ilic line town of Pitlsburgli, 1 can imdei'stand 
 why the American women are so charming, and 
 I wish to give you here the secret this afternoon. 
 
 They never grow old, they are always young and 
 charming. This was illustrated not long ago 
 when a lady from Philadelphia was testifying in 
 court and one of those impertinent lawyers asked 
 her how old she was. She responded prompth' 
 T am thirty,' Said the lawyer, ' Didn't you testify 
 in this court ten years ago that you were thirt\' 
 years old?' 'Yes,' she said, 'And if your Honor 
 pleases, you do not suppose that I am a woman 
 who will tell one thing one dav and another thintr 
 another day. I stick to what I say.' 
 
 "Now I have no extended or elaborate speech 
 this afternoon, but I feel highly complimented to 
 be invited here and as a Virginian to participate 
 in this birthday party. I feel to-day like that old 
 darkey who was accosted on the street and asked 
 to change a five dollar bill. He looked up in sur- 
 prise and said, 'Boss, I got no five dollars. I got 
 no change, but 1 thank you for the compliment, 
 nevertheless.' And while I may have no ex- 
 tended or elaborate address, I thank you on behalf 
 of Virginia for the compliment of being at this, 
 your birthday party. It is fitting that Virginia 
 should participate in these interesting and com- 
 memorative exercises. Virginia was the first to 
 challenge France on the American continent, first 
 to claim this vast spread in the great expanse of 
 territory stretching to the mighty west, to be 
 English and not French, when she sent George 
 Washington with a brave message from the Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia claiming this vast territory and 
 informing the French authorities that we would 
 assert our rights with all the vigor within our 
 power. 
 
 "I wish to assure you that we rejoice in the 
 great progress and prosperity which has come to 
 you. When (ieorge W^ashington came to this 
 place, I bclievt- it was in 1753. it was a wilderness, 
 the land of wild beasts, of savages, enveloped in 
 the melancholy shades of the primeval forest. 
 What a wonderful change in one hundred and 
 fifty vears. Now one of the most modern, pro- 
 gressive and richest cities of the world. .\nd the 
 storv of Pittsburgh reads more like romance than 
 
 20) 
 
CHAIRMAN' OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE \V. H. STEVENSON AND GUESTS IN FRONT OF EXTOSITION HALL 
 From left to right: A. B. Millar, \Vm. H. Stevenson, E. H. Babcock, Governor Stuart, Hon. James Francis Burke, O. H. Allerton, 
 and Dr. E. R. Walters. 
 
 Courtesy of Chronicle- 1 eiegmjih 
 
 GOVERNOR STUART AND O. H. ALLERTON, PRESIDE.NT PITTSBURGH BOARD OF TRADE, ON THEIR WAV TO 
 EXPOSITION HALL, ANNIVERSARY DAY, SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 (321) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 history. Were it properly told, praise would be 
 the language of exaggeration. Aladdin's lamp 
 has been dimmed and mightv miracles become 
 commonplace through the tremendous achieve- 
 ments of Pittsburgh and her citizens. There was 
 no state, no colony, which expended more treasure, 
 which sacrificed more brave and heroic men to 
 make Pittsburgh and the west English instead of 
 French, than did the colony of Virginia. Sirs, 
 around this very spot was waged the first contest 
 for the supremacy of the west between the French 
 and the English. In all of these fierce conflicts 
 the Virginia troops, commanded by the immortal 
 Washington, endured privation, made exhibitions 
 of valor and courage, which surrounded them and 
 their commander with deathless renown, with un- 
 fading luster. \"irginia may be pardoned for 
 desiring to have a part in the naming and claiming 
 of that lovely and rich stretch of country surround- 
 ing this beautiful city. The vision of Virginia 
 saw the vast development, the vast wealth, the 
 vast power which must come from this great sec- 
 tion. But, sirs, when the Revolutionary War 
 came, and we saw that success was being endan- 
 gered by disputes in connection with this territory, 
 and possibly all would fail on account of this, the 
 General Assembly of Virginia generously passed 
 a resolution confirming to every colony in Virginia 
 all they contended for in territory, and gave to this 
 great nation the Northwest Territory, an empire 
 in riches, hers by charter and hers by conquest, 
 to cement the Union, and to make certain the 
 success of the great Revolutionary War for this 
 nation and for humanity. \'irginia then, as ever 
 afterwards, like the proud queen, preferred to give 
 and thought there was more glory in giving than 
 in receiving. ]'y this generous gift of Virginia, 
 Pittsburgh became the undisputed part of the 
 great commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and ever 
 since that time, like a gorgeous diadem of worth 
 and brilliance, it has decorated the proud brow of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 "What memories crowd around Pittsburgh, 
 what glorious memories crowd our minds to-day, 
 
 as we stand here on this spot, the great gateway 
 of the west? On account of its unsurpassed 
 location it was for years the occasion of fierce 
 Indian wars. For what man had ever seen and 
 not coveted this rich place. For years, to obtain 
 possession of this spot were directed all the ambi- 
 tious schemes of the French and English cabinets. 
 Through this gateway passed the great and bold 
 pioneers of old who settled the west, and whose 
 courage and manhood founded and built the 
 comm_onwealth to-day which contributes so much 
 to the national glory and the national greatness 
 of our loved country. Here was a death grapple 
 bet^veen France and England for the possession 
 of the great valley of the Ohio and the IMississippi 
 Rivers. 
 
 "Sirs, this city stands on a high eminence. 
 Clustering around it are the lives, the achievements 
 and the fame of the two most illustrious men of the 
 English-speaking race, William Pitt and George 
 Washington. Nothing can surpass in adventure, 
 nothing in privation and peril, nothing in danger 
 and difficulties, that trip of George Washington, 
 bearing a defiant message from the Governor of 
 Virginia to the French officials so graphically 
 described by your distinguished governor, when, 
 accompanied by a sole companion, in the fearful 
 open winter months, surrounded by warlike sav- 
 ages and dangerous French foes, he crossed this 
 spot. He recognized this as a favorable site for 
 a fort and city, and on his recommendations the 
 British power determined to place here an outpost 
 for the supremacy of the west. It was George 
 Washington's prudence, courage, valor and mili- 
 tary genius, displayed at Braddock's defeat and 
 in the great and fearless fight for the possession 
 of Pittsburgh which gave him his great reputation 
 in the colonies as a soldier, and that fact called 
 him to the command of the .\merican colonies, 
 and he was the commander of the forces of the 
 .\merican colonies which brought victory and 
 success to the American cause. He was present 
 here one hundred and fifty years ago, and aided 
 in unfurling here the British flag which effected 
 
 (322) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 the end of France's ambitious colonial empire 
 in the west. Well mi^ht we think that the 
 great spirit of Washington still hovers over 
 Pittsburgh, conveying to it his blessings and his 
 benedictions. And may this great city be 
 worthy of the great Washington in patriotism 
 and public service, who aided and was present 
 at its christening. 
 
 "Sirs, this place is properly named after William 
 Pitt, whose genius rescued it from the French, 
 William Pitt, that masterful statesman was called 
 to the command of the British Government at the 
 darkest hour in British history, when defeat had 
 come to the British arms in all parts of the world 
 and it seemed to the despairing that the end of 
 Britain's empire had come. But his genius, his 
 courage, his brave heart wrought an immediate 
 change, and everywhere succeess came to the 
 British arms, every enemy of Britain \\as humbled. 
 Even here in the far forests of America his strong 
 arm and brave heart were felt when the British 
 flag was unfurled here one hundred and fifty years 
 ago, a tribute to his genius, his courage and his 
 statesmanship. This will ever be the most fitting 
 and the most everlasting monument to Pitt's power 
 and to Pitt's genius, ^klonumcnts erected to him 
 may crumble, loving memorials may be effaced 
 by time, but each receding year, as Pittsburgh 
 and the great west increase in power, adding 
 luster to the genius and fame of Pitt, will show 
 future generations how broadly and wisely he laid 
 the foundations of British power, how glorious 
 was the vision wliich the folly of other English 
 statesmen subsequently destroyed. Hallowed in 
 associations, I say glorious must be the heritage 
 of that city around which cluster the lives of the 
 two greatest men of the Anglo-Saxon race, Pitt 
 and Washington. 
 
 "At Pittsburgh are joined the waters of the 
 Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers forever, the 
 union forming the Ohio, the Monongahela com 
 ing from [W- south and the .Vllegheny from the 
 north, carrying the blessings and benedictions of a 
 great stretch of countrv far beyond. So tlie ma- 
 
 jestic story of the lives of Washington and Pitt 
 unite, forming an epoch in the history of the world, 
 and giving an impulse to human affairs -which 
 will continue through countless centuries. 
 
 "Sirs, Virginia directs me to convey to you her 
 rejoicing at the great progress and prosperity which 
 have come to you, to express to you her delight at 
 the great possibilities surrounding you, which bid 
 and beckon you on to a higher destiny. Your 
 achievements, your great contributions to na- 
 tional thrift and enterprise, amply repay her for 
 any expenditures she may have incurred on your 
 behalf. l"he appreciation of the past must and 
 will ever give Mrginia a profound interest in this 
 city. She is proud of }()ur vast manufacture and 
 vast commerce. While your enterprise has ex- 
 tended into every continent and in every clime, she 
 feels that you are still fresh with the dews of morn- 
 ing and that the glory of your noonday is yet to 
 come. She is proud of the illustrious men that 
 you have given to the Commonwealth of Penn- 
 sylvania, whose achievements have illumined not 
 only the history of Pennsylvania, but have made 
 resplendent the history of our common country 
 the world over. She rejoices with you that on this, 
 your birthday, it is also the birthday of an adopted 
 son of yours, Andrew Carnegie, one of the noted 
 philanthropists of tiie world, whose benefactions 
 have blessed nearly every State in this union, and 
 humanity the world over, and whose generous 
 gifts illustrate those beautiful lines of Michael 
 Angelo, the great Italian. ''Phe more the marble 
 wastes, the more the statue grows.' 
 
 "Sirs, I wish to assure you that \'irginia has 
 accepted this in\-itation in no narrow and in no 
 provincial and in no sectional spirit, but with a 
 Ijroad, generous feeling, glorying in this mighty 
 republic and glorying in the progress of every 
 section and state in this union. Sirs, if there is 
 anything in which Virginia rejoices it is in your 
 vast contribuliiMis to the national greatness and 
 the national glory. .\l the first Continental Con- 
 gress, when it seemed impossible to form a union, 
 it was a \'irginian who arose and in a great speech 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 stirred the hearts of the delegates and formed a 
 union, Patrick Henry. 
 
 "Speaking for Virginia — and as the Zvlayor 
 introduced me in his preliminary remarks, speak- 
 ing for the entire South, though we cherish to a 
 passion the Confederacy and its valiant defenders, 
 yet I am here to tell you that none excel us in our 
 devotion to this Union, and none would make 
 greater sacrifices for its glory and its greatness 
 than that country. 1 respond to that beautiful 
 sentiment of your Mayor when he said that all 
 the passions and prejudices engendered b}' the late 
 Civil War have been dissipated and superseded. 
 And I am here to-day to tell you that \'irginia 
 and my section rejoice that the dreadful night- 
 mare of sectional hate has disappeared in the 
 glorious (lawn of a reunited country. There is 
 now no North, no South, no East, no West, in 
 terms of division, in terms of dissension. Each 
 constitutes four great columns, differing in bcautv, 
 differing in stature, but united, sustaining the 
 superstructure of the solid, vital Government, the 
 most splendid government in the history of the 
 world. Responding to you, Mr. Mayor, I wish 
 to say, speaking for my State and my section, that 
 when Grant stood up at Appommato.x, and in 
 kindness and in generosity extended his hand to 
 Lee, and when Lee grasped that friendly hand, so 
 generously extended, the chasm between the North 
 and South was bridged. And when the sainted 
 McKinley stood up at Atlanta and in a great 
 speech ad\-(HaU'(l that llu- Federal government 
 should take care of the gi'aves of the Confederate 
 soldiers and make their valor a common heritage 
 of the nation, and when the Federal and Confed- 
 erate soldiers served witli the Stars and Stripes 
 jointly from Santiago to the walls of Pekin, in 
 China, the partition wall between North and South 
 was battered down, and we became one in love of 
 llag and counlrv. '1 lie llag once rent now lloats 
 without a seam. \"irginia's ambition in tiu' future, 
 as it has been in the past, shall be that she may be 
 one of the brightest iewels in .\merica's great 
 crown of gloiy. 
 
 "Sirs, the historical part of these commemora- 
 tive exercises has been so splendidly portrayed in 
 your hearing that I will not go through it, but it 
 seems to me that these exercises would be poorly 
 conducted and be poorly concluded if I failed on 
 this occasion to recall and commemorate the glow- 
 ing virtues of our fathers and the men who laid 
 the foundations of this great city. One of the 
 needs of this hour in this great Republic is a re- 
 turn to the homely, vigorous virtues of the old 
 pioneers and forefathers. We need a great revi- 
 ^•al of Washington's fervid patriotism. We need 
 to feel as he and our fathers felt, that public 
 honor is private honor, tliat public disgrace is 
 private disgrace, that public failure is private 
 failure, and that public success is private success. 
 \Yc need to feel again, as our forefathers felt, that 
 a life like that of Thomas Jefferson, governed 
 absolutely by service of country, though it may 
 end in feeble bankruptcy and ruin, is far prefer- 
 able to a life devoted to absorbing millions to be 
 scattered in frivolous enjoyments and question- 
 able dissipations. We must once again put in- 
 tellectual wealth above material wealth, char- 
 acter above cash. We must feel once more that 
 the hero of the college is not the captain of the 
 ball team, but is the young man whose character 
 and intellectual attainments point to a great life 
 of usefulness to humanity. The time must come 
 \\hen motherhood will prefer marriage and com- 
 panionship with noble souls, bent on lofty pur- 
 poses, and high ambitions, rather than with those 
 whose sole attraction consists in their ability to 
 purchase the gaudv tinsels and decorations of 
 wealth. 
 
 "Sirs, public sentiment needs awakening. Wlien 
 the newspapers of our country will give two pages 
 to prize fights and scarcely half a column to the 
 proceedings of Congress, in response to the tastes 
 of their readers, in which are debates and public 
 matters of far-reaching importance. As I stand 
 here to-day, and think of the beauties and elegance 
 of modern life, it seems to me that each 3'ear we 
 are growing more exquisite flowers; but we seem 
 
 (324) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 to lose those great, strong, rugged oaks of character 
 which were our protection in hours of strife and 
 hours of stress. Sirs, our society, lii<e our furniture, 
 has got too much veneer and too litde solid sub- 
 stance. \\'e must learn to judge again not by 
 dazzling plumage but by solid worth. We must 
 appreciate that the brightest jewel that can deco- 
 rate the brow of woman, surpassing the brilliance 
 of beauty or wit, is purity. We must feel again 
 that thrill of personal integrity, that thrill of per- 
 sonal honor, and feel as the old pioneer felt, that 
 the greatest crown that glorifies manhood is cour- 
 age and character. This has been the great Anglo- 
 Saxon stock. 
 
 "Sirs, no nation has ever built institutions that 
 have lasted that has not been noted for some par- 
 ticular virtues. The Jews had virtues that made 
 them potential for thousands of years. The 
 Greeks and the Romans the same. WTiat are the 
 two great virtues of the Anglo-Sa.xon race ? The 
 old pioneers that founded Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
 vania and \1rginia and the mighty West? The 
 great Anglo-Sa.xon race had two great virtues first 
 mentioned by Julius Caesar in his commentaries 
 on our ancestors from the wild woods of northern 
 Europe, northern Germany. He said they had 
 two great virtues, pure womanhood and brave 
 manhood. The Anglo-Saxon greatness has been 
 built on the purity of the woman and the courage 
 of the men. It was found in the wild barbarians. 
 But by clinging to pure womanhood and brave 
 manhood we have the best in the civilizations of 
 the world to-day through the inheritance from 
 our great ancestors of these great primal virtues- 
 Let us feel like the men felt who founfled Pitts- 
 burgh and this great Commonwealth: that the 
 bugle call to battle and duty is ever more ])rcssing 
 in their hearts than the dinner gong inviting to a 
 feast and revelry. These arc the virtues I would 
 ask you to-day to perpetuate in commemorative 
 and patriotic exercises like these. 
 
 "Sirs, I have already detained you longer than 
 I had desired or expected to do. In conclusion, 
 let each and every one of us, in whatever lines 
 
 our lives may lie, in whatever sections we may live, 
 crown it with the memories of a glorious past, 
 thrilled and stirred by the achievements of our 
 great ancestors, stirred by the possibilities of a 
 great future. Feeling our responsibility, let each 
 and every one of us, with faces towards the future, 
 determine to discharge the great responsibility 
 placed on us by our common country, and let 
 each one of us resolve to aid this mighty republic 
 to advance along the pathway of justice, equality, 
 progress, and Christianity." 
 
 :\Ir. A. J. Kelly, Jr.: "It is the regret of this 
 committee that notable Pittsburghers and also 
 those from abroad could not have been with us. 
 We expected to have two especially notable per- 
 sons, one from abroad, a representative of the 
 Pitt family. And he has remembered us to-day, 
 although matters over which he had no control 
 prevented him from being here. His telegram 
 addressed to his Honor Mayor Gutlirie, and dated 
 to-day saj-s: 'I heartily wish Pittsburgh con- 
 tinued prosperit}-. Charles Pitt-Taylor." We 
 have one of our own adopted citizens, a man who 
 has done mucli for the city, and who stands pre- 
 eminently in every good thing which we enjoy. 
 It is his birthday. We could not have him here 
 to-day, but the committee could not do less 
 than send him a telegram congratulating him 
 on his birthday, being the birthday, also, of 
 Pittsburgh, and we have a telegram from him as 
 follows: 
 
 " '.\nniversary Committee, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
 vaniii. Many tlianks for vour kind consjatula- 
 tions. I desire on Pittsburgh 's natal day to express 
 my warmest wish for her prosperity, for her pro- 
 gress anfl ele\-ation. May she become a city to 
 which tile people of the world will turn and ap- 
 plaud as an example to her fellow man.' Signed 
 .\ndrew Carnegie." 
 
 The Pittsburgh Orchestra then rendered the 
 "Dedication March" by Ad. M. Foerster, after 
 which Mrs. Amanda \'ierheller sang "Home 
 Sweet Home" by Benedict, and the "Star Span- 
 gled Banner" bv Kcv. 
 
 (325) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 EVENING SESSION 
 
 After the rendition by the Pittsburgh Orchestra 
 of the overture "Dedication of the House" by 
 Beethoven, the evening session, which was at- 
 tended by about 3,000 persons, was called to 
 order by Chairman A. J. Kelly, Jr., at 8:15 in 
 the following words: "Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 True to the tradition of all Anglo-Saxon races, 
 after the taking of Fort Pitt by the English there 
 were established here churches. Among these 
 churches the first established was the Roman 
 Catholic church and the Protestant church repre- 
 sented by the Presbyterians. The Rev. Dr. 
 Maitland Alexander of the First Presbyterian 
 church, representing the Presbyterians, asked 
 the invocation this afternoon; and following up 
 that which was inaugurated from the first on 
 the 27th of September last, the opening of the 
 exercises of this kind by the invocation looking 
 to the Almighty for His blessing, we have with us 
 to-night the Rev. Father P. J. O'Connor of St. 
 Mary of Mercy church, who will now ask the 
 invocation." 
 
 PRAYER OF FATHER O 'CONNOR 
 
 "Oh God, the Creator and Lord of all men, 
 look down this day upon us who are gathered to 
 celebrate in humble and grateful acknowledg- 
 ment Thy bounty and goodness toward us. Thou 
 has graciously prospered this portion of Thine 
 inheritance, this city of Pittsburgh, and inspired 
 and endowed the genius of its sons and daughters 
 until it is called the workshop of the world. We 
 oEfer and consecrate to Thee this day the services 
 of its citizens. Accept, O Lord, the labors 
 and the toils of its workmen and artisans and as 
 Thou has blessed and prosix-red them in the past 
 so we beseech Thee to bless and prosper them 
 in tlic future." 
 
 MK. A. J. Kl.l.l.V. JK. 
 
 ••Ladies and Gentlemen: The exercises of 
 this afternoon were intended to be and were given 
 
 over principally to music. But those who were 
 here know that we had both music and oratory. 
 The plan was that this evening should be given 
 over principally to oratory as a fitting conclusion 
 to these exercises which will carry us over until 
 to-morrow. Thanksgiving day, according to tra- 
 dition, was observed the next day after the taking 
 of the fort, and it is a coincidence that I dare 
 say few of us thought of that when this day was 
 set aside to be observed as the anniversary day 
 the following day would be Thanksgiving. This 
 movement was started in Councils through the 
 Mayor, and our honorable Mayor appointed a 
 committee of seventy to map out a plan of work. 
 How well it has been planned and how well it 
 has been carried out the citizens must declare for 
 themselves. To-day is the crown of the exer- 
 cises, and we meet to-night to close the final 
 exercises of the celebration, and the ^Liyor who 
 appointed these committees and who started 
 this undertaking and who stood nobly by the 
 movement from the time it started and will stand 
 by it until it ends, is with us to-night and will pre- 
 side, and therefore I have the great privilege and 
 honor of introducing our honored Mayor, George 
 W. Guthrie." 
 
 ADDRESS OF MAYOR GUTHRIK 
 
 "Ladies and Gendemen, Pittsburghers and 
 Guests of Pittsburgh : It is proper that the crown- 
 ing night of our Sesqui-Centennial celebration 
 should be devoted to historical discourses. So 
 that when we lea\-e here we may leave witli our 
 minds refreshed with reflections of the deeds 
 which have been done, the glories that have been 
 achieved by our ancestors, and those who shared 
 in the foundations of Pittsburgh and bringing 
 it to the great state of prosperity which it now 
 enjoys. It is fitting that we should be taught to 
 remember the great men we have given to the 
 nation and to the world, and to the service we 
 have given in the uplift of humanity. But we 
 should remember always that the past should 
 
 (326) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 be but a lamp to light us to the future. Our 
 faces should be turned not to the past but to the 
 future. A people who have accepted a memory 
 instead of a hope, however glorious the memory 
 may be, a people who have accepted contentment 
 instead of aspiration, have already become de- 
 cadent. It is the history of the heathen races 
 that they wrapped themselves in the memory of 
 a glorious past and forgot the duty and the call 
 to the future. The past is great as it furnishes 
 to us a means to obtain still more noble greatness. 
 Over the portal of the ducal palace of Venice is 
 this inscription: 'Strong and just, I have put the 
 furies under my throne, and my foot upon the seat." 
 
 "Strong and just. That should be the mo- 
 tive of a great people. Strong to protect the 
 weak, strong to control the wrongdoer, no matter 
 how strongly and deeply entrenched in power, 
 the strength which can hear the voice of the weak- 
 est and can face undisturbed the anger of the 
 strongest. And over all, the banner of equal 
 justice for all. Upon such a standard, upon 
 such a principle, a great people can build a struc- 
 ture which will be greater, more glorious, than 
 any nation or city of the past. And so, remember- 
 ing the past, drawing from the inspiration of the 
 great who have gone before us, let us face for- 
 ward, and, undisturbed by difficulties, meet the 
 responsibilities which rest upon us as leaders of 
 a great republic with our hearts and consciences 
 filled w^ith a determination that in this great na- 
 tion every child born shall have an equal right 
 and equal opportunity, shall receive equal pro- 
 tection from law. And so moving forward 
 irresistibly until we have lifted humanity to that 
 great stature wliicli God in liis loving Providence 
 intended for us all. 
 
 "I have the pleasure of introducing to you as 
 the first speaker the Hon. Hampton L. Carson, 
 ex-attorney general of the State of Pennsylvania." 
 
 ADDRESS OF HO.V. HAMPTON L. CARSON 
 
 "Mr. Mayor and Citizens of Pittsburgh: I 
 bring with me, from the extreme eastern bound- 
 
 (32 
 
 HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON 
 Guest of Pittsburgh during Sesqui-Centennial 
 
 ary of the Commonwealth, the felicitations of 
 the City of Brotherly Love. To-night Philadel- 
 phia clasps hands with Pittsburgh, and offers 
 her congratulations upon this auspicious celebra- 
 tion of one hundred and fifty years of marvelous 
 life. 
 
 "No one of the original thirteen colonies can 
 boast of a more dramatic history than Pennsyl- 
 vania, and no city within the State can tell a more 
 romantic story of her origin than Pittsburgh. It 
 forms an important passage in a thrilling chapter, 
 and makes a distinct achievement in the progress 
 of liberty. American history is not a tale of acci- 
 dental or fortuitous circumstances. Xo age, 
 however productive of apparently strange and 
 sudden results, stands unrelated to the ages that 
 preceded or followed it, and whether the centuries 
 be of silk or iron, of ease or sloth, of blood and 
 violence, or of law and order, their character- 
 istic phenomena can only be explained by a care- 
 ful analysis of all that has gone before. The 
 present is the child of the past; the future will be 
 the offspring of the present. In this sense that 
 great movement known in history as the Ameri- 
 can Revolution forms but a single chapter in the 
 
 7) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 volume of human fate, and your history as a city 
 is bound up witli the influences and the events 
 which led to the American Revolution. 
 
 "The task of describing in detail the circum- 
 stances attending the birth of your city has been 
 intrusted to the distinguished diplomat who will 
 follow me — a man known and honored through- 
 out the world. My duty is to sketch in general 
 oudines the policies and issues which were involved 
 in the great struggle between England and France 
 for supremacy upon the continent of America. 
 
 "Let us glance first at the battlefield. Imagine 
 a map of Pennsylvania hung upon the wall. There 
 is the Delaware on the eastern side, terminating 
 in a great bay below which gives it access to the 
 ocean; it reaches on the northwestern corner to 
 Lake Erie, and is provided with an outlet, so far 
 as our western commerce is concerned, by the 
 great rivers of the Allegheny and Alonongahela, 
 which, united, make the Ohio and give us communi- 
 cation with the valley of the Mississippi; it is 
 bisected in the north and center by the branches 
 of the Susquehanna and these, uniting, flow tlirough 
 the heart of the Commonwealth into the Chesa- 
 peake Bay. Nature provided waters which consti- 
 tuted for manv years natural highways upon which 
 military and commercial movements took place 
 of the utmost significance to the State and to the 
 nation, and this accounts for much in our history. 
 
 "A glance at the map will show you that the 
 northern branch of the Suscjuehanna rises in the 
 State of New York; that the .\llegheny itself 
 rises in the southwestern part of New York, and 
 you see at once the natural highways which at 
 that time were controlled by the French and the 
 Indians who were uikKt l-'mirh iloininion, and 
 you have but little difl'iculty in perceiving why it 
 was that the French and Indian wars were so 
 largely fought upon Pennsylvania's soil. 
 
 "Superimpose upon the map of Pennsylvania 
 a map of the United States. Observe that on 
 the riglit hand upper corner appears the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence with the long stretch of the St. Law- 
 rence River running in a northeasterly direc- 
 
 tion, connecting with the great chain of lakes be- 
 ginning with Ontario and ending with Superior — 
 Lake Erie located at the front of the territory on 
 the northwest being one of the most important 
 links. Following the lines of the St. Lawrence 
 and the shores of the lakes, a magnificent body 
 of water extending for more than twelve hundred 
 miles, we find the whole in the possession of the 
 French, with forts extending from Quebec to 
 Montreal and from Montreal to Detroit. These 
 forts were not along the northern shores of the 
 great Lakes alone, but extended along the south- 
 ern shores of Ontario and of Erie, and the Presque 
 Isle, and in the immediate neighborhood of 
 the present city of Erie there was a fort. The 
 French, with a talent for engineering quite remark- 
 able, extended their line of forts down the valley 
 of the ..Allegheny River to the very spot where 
 we stand to-night, the fort being known as Fort 
 Duquesne. The French, with their allies, the 
 Indians, were able to glide down the valley of 
 the .\lleghen}' and throw their forces through 
 the mountain passes upon the peaceful settle- 
 ments made in the southwestern corner of the 
 State, and many were the outrages perpetrated 
 by excited Indians under the leadership of the 
 great Indian Chief Pontiac. The contests were 
 frightful and sanguinary when viewed from the 
 standpoint of that day. 
 
 "Observe now that you come to the consider- 
 ation of a fact of supreme importance — the 
 fact that two giTat nations, the English and the 
 French, arc facing each other on Pennsylvania's 
 soil in the conquest for supremacy upon this con- 
 tinent, the left wing of the line of battle being on 
 the western border, — a battle line a thousand 
 miles long, extending through five degrees of 
 latitude and twelve degrees of longitude. 
 
 " Turn now to the contestants. On the one 
 side stood the sons of France, brave, chivalrous, 
 soldierlike, and daring, claiming the vast terri- 
 tories thrown open to them by the discoveries 
 of Cartier, Champlain, LaSalle, and D 'Iberville, 
 from the mouths of the St. Lawrence to the mouths 
 
 (328) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 of the ^lississippi, fired by the ambitious dreams 
 of Louis XR', and strengthened by alliances with 
 the Indian tribes. On the other side stood the 
 sons of England, men of Saxon blood, sustained 
 by Celts, Dutch and Germans, — children of 
 misfortune and persecution, seeking in the wilder- 
 ness freedom of conscience, and carving out for 
 themselves the first rude forms of popular govern- 
 ment, wedded to the maxims of English law, 
 trained in the lessons of self-reliance; the one 
 valiant and devoted, but weakened by the vices, 
 the follies and extravagances of the Pompadour 
 and Versailles, the creatures of a centralized, 
 hierarchical, and despotic administration; the other 
 sturdy and stolid, but resting upon Magna Charta, 
 the Bill of Rights, the Habeas Corpus Act, and mem- 
 ories of Naseby and ^larston ^loor. Behold 1 the 
 chivalry of France, and the yeomanry of America. 
 
 "Affairs in the ^Mother Country had sunk to 
 the lowest ebb. France had combined with Aus- 
 tria and Russia against England and Prussia. The 
 administration of Walpole had fallen into ruins. 
 The Duke of Newcastle was in the chair of state, 
 dull, incapable, slothful and rapacious only for 
 official spoils. Never had England known deeper 
 humiliation. Minorca was lost, and the English 
 navy was in disgrace through the cowardice of 
 Admiral BATig. 
 
 "Then, under the Providence of God, there 
 stepped to the front a man loiown to history as 
 the Great Commoner, — an orator of surpassing 
 power, of withering invective, and destructive 
 sarcasm, a man of immense and tireless energy, 
 dauntless courage and of stainless purity, a man 
 who fearlessly seized upon the reins of power and 
 wielded the resources of England with vigor and 
 success; he conquered India through Sir Robert 
 Clive and Sir Ejtc Coote; he swept the seas 
 through the victories of Boscawen and Lord 
 Hawke; he humiliated France upon the fields of 
 Crevelt and Mindcn; he gave Forbes, Amherst, 
 Wolfe and Howe to the service of this country. 
 His fame will live as long'as this citv shall stand, 
 for his name was William Pitt. 
 
 "There was another man ^\•ho stood in close 
 relationship to your local as well as national his- 
 tory. AMien the American Revolution came, as 
 it did but sixteen years after the French and In- 
 dian Wars, the world had never witnessed such 
 a scene. It had looked upon violence and dis- 
 order, bloodshed and anarchy, riot, arson, and 
 murder; capitols had smoked and palaces had 
 been burned, cathedrals had been sacked, images 
 had been broken ; kings had been brought to the 
 block, nobles had been exiled in the mad upris- 
 ing of an infuriated people against a hated t}Tanny ; 
 the fagot, the torch, the axe, and the scaffold 
 had been the familiar weapons of the Revolution; 
 the world, in less than thirty years, was to see the 
 son of sixty kings led out in the finest public square 
 of the fairest city of the earth, to die for the in- 
 justice which his race had done during eight cen- 
 turies of misrule. But no Anarchists Clottz or 
 Camille Desmoulins incited the American patriots 
 to rebellion. The Congress of 1774 deserved 
 the praise of the great English Earl of Chatham: 
 'For myself I must declare and avow that in all 
 my observation of men and reading of history — 
 and it has been my favorite study — ■ I have read 
 Thucydides and studied and admired the master 
 statesmen of the world — that for solidity of rea- 
 soning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, 
 under such a combination of difficult circumstances 
 no nation or body of men can stand in preference 
 to the General Congress of Philadelphia.' 
 
 "Who was to be the leader at this awful hour? 
 Wliat man merely mortal could be found equal 
 to all the requirements of this holy call to duty? 
 
 "A man was needed of experience and capac- 
 it}- in military matters, not merely with the cour- 
 age to die at the head of his troops, or one familiar 
 with the art of war, but one of sufficient ability 
 to take the scattered, unarmed and undisciplined 
 provincial bands, — the Minute men of Concord, 
 the backwoodsmen of Virginia, the farmers of 
 Pennsylvania, and mould them into an army fit 
 to face the finest soldiery of Europe; a man whose 
 reputation would override the rivalries of local 
 
 (329) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 leaders, whom all would -willingly hail as chief, 
 whose character would command the respect 
 and confidence not only of the army but of Con- 
 gress and the people, a man of such moral com- 
 pleteness of character as to combine courage 
 with caution, firmness with power to yield, patience 
 with fortitude, with judgment to meet the arduous 
 duties of battle, and skill to unravel the tangled 
 questions of the Council; a man of well balanced 
 mind rather than of dazzling qualities, one who 
 could animate the faint-hearted, restrain the 
 impetuous, rebuke the quarrelsome, repress the 
 mutinous, reconcile the jealous, overawe the am- 
 bitious, punish the refractory, unmask the treach- 
 erous, and one of inexhaustible faith in the great 
 cause. Such a man was found, his name is pre- 
 cious to you, and it is that of George Washington. 
 
 "The age in which he lived, like that of Magna 
 Charta, the rise of the Dutch Republic, and the 
 Revolution in England, marked a distinct epoch 
 in the development of constitutional freedom. 
 The task of forming a system of republican lib- 
 ert\- out of thirteen distinct and sovereign com- 
 munities, defining the powers of a national gov- 
 ernment in a written constitution for the accom- 
 plishment of the great objects of human society, 
 and capable of indefinite expansion, had never 
 been attempted. But the statesmen of our Rev- 
 olution proved equal to the task, and their work, 
 more than any other work of human hands, most 
 closely resembles the architecture of the heavens. 
 Each local jurisdiction moves in an orbit of its 
 own, while all revolve about the Federal Consti- 
 tution as a central sun. 
 
 "Under the benign inOuence of such a govern- 
 nu'nt law and order asserted their sway. Moral 
 as well as legal obligations were recognized, debts 
 were paid, and industry and economy were 
 practiced by the people. Schools and colleges 
 were established, religious and charilahle insti- 
 tutions were founded, philanthropy went down 
 into the bolted dungeons of crime, disease, death, 
 and ignorance, and, with an angel's touch, un- 
 sealed the prison doors. Mighty blows were 
 
 dealt at the follies and abuses of the law, and a 
 system of jurisprudence was built up, liberal, 
 learned and profound. Then science arose like 
 the morning star to usher in a glorious day; com- 
 merce spread her wings and flew from hemisphere 
 to hemisphere; mechanics, arts and physics, 
 sprung forth like giants fully armed, while human 
 slavery was flung into the bottomless pit. The 
 prophecy of Milton was realized: "]\Iethinks 
 I see in my mind a noble and puissant nation 
 rousing herself like a strong man after a sleep, 
 and shaking her invincible locks; methinks I see 
 her as an eagle, mewing her mighty youth, and 
 kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday 
 beam." 
 
 "As we gaze at this varied spectacle, this marvel 
 of industry and enterprise, of moral elevation, 
 of achievement, of unconquerable determination 
 to win, as we look at the great cities which crowd 
 our land, — New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, 
 Boston, St. Louis, San Francisco, Pittsburgh, — 
 the Greater Pittsburgh, — • an industrial queen, 
 with their libraries, museums, colleges, halls, 
 hospitals, markets, docks, shipyards, factories, 
 railroads, mills, and myriad millions, embodying 
 all that is old and all that is new, all that is dead 
 and all that is alive, as we cast up the wealth of 
 the nation, computing the experience, the thought, 
 the blood, the toil, the anguish of two thousand 
 years; when we recall all that our institutions 
 have cost, all that they mean, all that they have 
 been, all that they now arc, all that they may be- 
 come, does not the question leap to our lips, What 
 is the secret of this marvelous success, what is 
 the clue to this mystery, what is the answer to this 
 modern Sphinx? .Vnd the answer must be, be- 
 cause America has never lost faith in the supreme 
 idea that God has made man free, that no human 
 power has authority to chain his body or his mind, 
 because she has recognized tlial in the depths of 
 the conscience of every citizen, — of the humblest 
 as well as the highest, — there is a sentiment, 
 sublime, sacred, imdestructible, incorruptible, 
 eternal, — the sentiment of right, a sentiment 
 
 (330) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 which is the very element of reason within man, 
 the granite of the human conscience, the rock 
 upon which shall split and go to pieces all the 
 iniquities, the hypocrisies, the bad laws and bad 
 governments of the world; and so, with unfalter- 
 ing trust in human progress, climbing nearer and 
 still nearer to the source of all good, drawing with- 
 out stint upon the ancient and modern world for 
 material for thought, and assimilating these with 
 the products of her own soil, she has grown in 
 every direction, and to-day embodies in her science, 
 her thought, discoveries, inventions, enterprises, 
 finance, statesmanship, and the giant toil of her 
 sons in every country of the earth, all the intellec- 
 tual, moral and educational forces that propel 
 mankind. 
 
 " "Thy sun has risen and shall not set. 
 
 Upon thy day divine. 
 
 Ages of unborn ages yet. 
 
 America, are thine.'" 
 
 Following the address of 'bJh. Carson the Pitts- 
 burgh Orchestra rendered "Capriccio Italien" 
 by Tschaikowsky. At the conclusion of this 
 number there was great applause and Governor 
 Stuart congratulated Conductor Paur. 
 
 Mayor Guthrie: "Ladies and Gentlemen, 
 the ne.xt speaker is one who had the honor to 
 represent his country ably and honorably for 
 twelve years, part of the time as Ambassador 
 to the Court of St. Petersburg, and part of the 
 time as Ambassador to the Court of Berlin, the 
 Hon. Charlemagne Tower." 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. CHARLEMAGNE TOW'ER 
 
 "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It 
 is not only an act of patriotism on the part of the 
 people of Pittsburgh to celebrate the occasion 
 of which the one hundred fiftieth anniversary has 
 assembled us here, but it is your unquestionable 
 right to recall with national pride the incidents 
 which took place at the middle of the eighteenth 
 century around the waters of the Monongahela 
 and the Ohio Rivers, the central and objective 
 point of which was Fort Duqucsnc. and the im- 
 
 HON. CHAKLEM.JiGNK TUWER 
 Guest of Pitlsbur!;li during Sc.^fiui-Ccnlcnnial 
 
 mediate result of which was the foundation of the 
 great city that occupies its site to-day. This is 
 a sentiment that is shared by all Pennsylvanians ; 
 indeed, by all American citizens in every part of 
 the Union. 
 
 "The capture of Fort Duquesne b}' General 
 Forbes, one hundred fifty years ago to-day, was a 
 deed of valor and a most remarkable incident 
 of devotional self-sacrifice to the interests of the 
 country, — it was far more also than that, — - for, 
 in its results it is to be classed amongst the achieve- 
 ments of very first importance in our colonial 
 liistory, amidst the foundation stones of American 
 civilization upon which are built up the traditions, 
 the thought and the political development of the 
 United States of to-day. The taking of Fort 
 Duquesne broke through the barriers that had 
 been erected against English colonization in this 
 country; it opened the way beyond the Ohio and 
 along the Mississippi to the further progress of 
 our own people, and it was a critical point in 
 those operations of self defense, which, culminating 
 a few years later in the fall of Quebec, decided 
 definitely that the civilization of this whole con- 
 tinent w-as to be Anglo-Sa.xon, that the English 
 language should be established here, that Anglo- 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Saxon ideas should lie at the basis of our growth, 
 that English literature should disseminate English 
 traditions, and the English common law in the 
 administration of justice should extend the prnici- 
 ples of liberty and independence to the Pacific 
 Ocean. It was at the forks of the Ohio that the 
 blow was struck which made a breach in French 
 domination, and after that the tide of French 
 supremacy continued to recede on this continent. 
 
 "Few people nowadays stop to reflect that 
 the contests of that period which were fought out 
 within our own borders and through the forests 
 of Pennsylvania, which aroused violent and bitter 
 hostility between the French in Canada and the 
 inhabitants of our o\\ti colonies, leading to untold 
 misery and death on either side, and reddening 
 often with the blood of both the tomahawk of 
 the Delawares, the Shawanese and the Senecas, 
 was the outcome of an old-\vorld quarrel that had 
 its origin in Europe, and had been carried on for 
 a century or more by the jealousy and rivalry be- 
 tween the governnunl of Great Britain and the 
 subjects and allies of the King of France. 
 
 "English and French rivalry had crossed the 
 Atlantic and in the course of events had led to the 
 incidents which attract our interest to-day in the 
 contest for dominion on ihu continent of Xorth 
 America. 
 
 "Treaties of peace had lulled hostilities from 
 time to time, but they were compacts that did not 
 make for real and pcrmament peace, because 
 nrither [\u- ambition nor the cupidity of tlie parties 
 on either side was satisfied. So that, when the 
 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, intended to allay the 
 grievances of the time and fix the boundaries of 
 English and French control in .\merica, was signed 
 in 1748, Englishmen were enraged at its terms, 
 which made concessions to France tlirough which 
 they felt that they had suffered humiliation and 
 disgrace as well as intolerable loss of territor\- on 
 the American continent, and tlu-y awaited the day 
 when they hoped that all their wrongs might 
 avenged. 
 
 On their side, the French were alert and watch 
 
 je 
 
 ful for the new outbreak of war, which they knew 
 to be, under the present condition of public feeling, 
 only a question of time. Their object of chief 
 importance in America was the strengthening of 
 their lines of communication as well as the holding 
 of actual possession of the territory, from Quebec, 
 by a union of their posts, on the Mississippi, to 
 their settlements in Louisiana. They had alreadv 
 erected a fortification on the Ohio at the mouth 
 of the Wabash, and by the year 1753 a connected 
 line of forts extended from Montreal to the mouth 
 of French Creek, in Pennsylvania, where the 
 town of Franklin now stands, which was called 
 Venango, a name given to that stream by the Sen- 
 ecas; one of the most important of these being 
 that at Presque Isle, upon the site of the present 
 city of Erie. 
 
 "This was the situation when, in the summer of 
 1754, an expedition was sent out by the Governor 
 of \'irginia in order to oppose the encroachments 
 of the French, to proceed with all haste to the con- 
 fluence of the Allegheny and the Monongahela, 
 where the Ohio compan}- had begun to construct 
 a fortified trading post, and to hold possession of 
 that point against any advances made in that 
 direction by the agents of France. This small 
 expedition carried out by a force of from three 
 hundred to four hundred men with ten cannons 
 and eighty barrels of powder, has an especial 
 interest for all Americans, because it was com- 
 manded by Major George Washington, who held 
 his commission from Governor Dinwiddle, and 
 whose instructions were, 'To capture, kill or 
 destroy all persons who should attempt to impede 
 his operations.' 
 
 "This was in the early part of the year 1754; 
 but, in the meantime, the French at Presque Isle 
 and French Creek were preparing also for the 
 occupation of the head of the Ohio, by the equip- 
 ment of a much superior force, wliich set out early 
 in the spring with from six hundred to eight 
 himdred men, well provided with the necessary 
 implements and provisions for the campaign, and 
 eighteen pieces of artillery. 
 
 (332) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 "It WHS commanded by Monsieur de Contre- 
 coeur, who appeared with his forces on the 17th 
 of April, 1754, before the unfinished and totally 
 undefended post of the Ohio Company. He 
 occupied it without resistance and took possession 
 of it in the name of the King of France. Contrc- 
 coeur set out immediately to strengthen his position 
 in such a manner as to resist all attacks that might 
 be made upon liim. considering as he did that the 
 important control of the Ohio River had now been 
 permanently won for France, and that henceforth 
 French domination of the Mississippi and the 
 western countr\- was assured. In order to fix a 
 garrison, therefore, upon this commanding point 
 at the frontier of that great territory, he employed 
 the services of the Chevalier de Mercier, an officer 
 of engineers who accompanied his e.xpedition, 
 under whose skillful direction the works were 
 completed, — and in May, 1754, about a month 
 after his arrival, Contrecoeur established himself 
 securely within his fort, which he named Duquesne, 
 in honor of the French Governor- General of Can- 
 ada, the ^larquis de Duquesne de MenneviUe, a 
 Captain in the Royal Navy, descended from a 
 family of sailors, amongst whom was Admiral 
 Duquesne, a famous sea fighter under the reign 
 of Louis XI\'. 
 
 "Such was the origin of the military post des- 
 tined to play so important a part during the next 
 f<jur years, and to occujjy forever a central point 
 of interest in American colonial historv. the down- 
 fall of which, in 1758, was the cause of tiie events 
 thart we ha\-e come here to celebrate. 
 
 "The fort itself, weak and insignificant as it 
 appears to us when compared with the great mon- 
 uments of military archilcctUR' thai ha\c become 
 famous in history, and contemptible as a bulwark 
 against the artillery of modern times, was quite 
 strong enough, nexertheless, if held by a suitable 
 garrison, to withstand any attacks that were 
 likely to \)v madi' u]iiin it, — to resist the musket 
 balls of the ancient llint-locks or the four pound 
 sliot of the few cannon that must be dragged wiili 
 almost indescribable labor and patience through 
 
 hundreds of miles of untrodden forests to reach 
 it. And yet, the men who attacked and defended 
 this little block-house were engaged in very real 
 war; they carried it on with a degree of manly 
 self-sacrifice that is amazing to read of, — and the 
 stake that they were contending for was the con- 
 trol of an empire. 
 
 "Fort Duquesne was situated on the east side 
 of the Monongahela at the point formed by its 
 junction with the Allegheny. The old drawings 
 of it that we still possess in our historical archives 
 show it to have been a parallelogram with its four 
 sides facing nearly to the points of the compass; 
 it was one hundred and fiftv feet on its longest 
 sides by one hundred and twenty on the shorter; 
 built of squared logs, it was protected about its 
 outer line by a strong stockade twelve feet high 
 made of logs a foot in diameter and firmly driven 
 into the ground. Outside of this stockade was 
 a shallow ditch extending completely around it 
 and beyond the ditch a second stockade, twenty- 
 feet high, built in the manner of the first and sol- 
 idly embanked with earth. There were two gates 
 strongly framed of s(|uared logs, and its magazine, 
 built likewise of squared timber, deeply sunk into 
 the ground, w^as covered on top with a coating of 
 potter's clay about four feet thick. 
 
 "Contrecoeur, with a few ofliicers and some fortv 
 or fifty men. li\-ed in the fort itself, whilst bark 
 cabins were Ijuilt around it on the outside for the 
 rest of the garrison and extensive preparations 
 were made for their support and comfort. Kitchen 
 gardens were planted on the .\llcgheny, mills 
 erected on the Monongahela and a large corn field 
 was laid out for a f|uarter of a mile along each 
 bank. In addition lo this, the woods were all 
 cut down about the place, so that there was not 
 left even a clump of bushes to cover up a skulking 
 Indian or con;eal the approach of the enemy. 
 
 "When Contrecoeur occupied the post in April, 
 1754, he had under lii< command a force of nearly 
 a thousand men, against which the little expedition 
 that Wasliington was leading toward the same 
 ])()int could make no stand, even by way of defense. 
 
 (333) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 to say nothing of undertaking to dislodge the 
 French by force from the goal that they had al- 
 ready attained. 
 
 "Washington had arrived at Bedford when 
 news reached liim of Contrecouer's success. Al- 
 though his men were disheartened by the circum- 
 stances that had so suddenly shattered their trust 
 he determined to hold his ground with the forlorn 
 hope that reinforcements would still reach him 
 from Virginia. Almost driven to desperation, 
 he entrenched himself at a point on the great 
 meadows, which, for lack of ammunition, pro- 
 visions and the ordinary rerjuirements of life, he 
 called Fort Necessity, but where he was easily 
 captured by a strong detachment sent by Contre- 
 coeur from Fort Duquesne, and although the 
 Frenchmen permitted him to march out with the 
 honors of war, Washington was forced to see his 
 expedition totally defeated, and on the fourth of 
 July, 1754, the date which twenty-two years later 
 was to open the way for him to fame and immortal 
 achievement, to the first place in the hearts of his 
 countrymen, he turned his face toward home, 
 disappointed of his purpose, dejected and mortified 
 at the consciousness of failure and defeat. 
 
 "Mr. Bancroft saj's, 'At that moment in the 
 whole valley of the ^vlississippi to its head waters 
 in the Alleghanies, no standard floated l)ut that 
 of France.' 
 
 "The news of this reverse was received in Eng- 
 land with a feeling of consternation that soon led 
 to a movement of deep resentment toward tlie 
 French, who, whilst they made an ostentatious 
 display of their good faith in keeping the peace of 
 Ai.\-la-Chapcllc into which they had entered with 
 Great Britain, were secretly accumulating in 
 Canada a force strong enough, when the day 
 should come for reopening hostilities, to claim 
 supremacy in the colonies. 
 
 "Public sentiment ran so high in London that, 
 at the suggestion of the King, Parliament voted 
 ;^4,ooo,ooo for colonial purposes, and it was 
 decided to send to .\mcrica an expedition stronger 
 and better erjuipped than any British force that 
 
 had ever been in the country before. Every 
 effort was strained throughout the remainder of 
 the year 1754 to prepare the equipment, secure 
 arms, ammunition and supplies, and provide the 
 transports for the body of soldiers who were ulti- 
 mately sent off from England and landed in Vir- 
 ginia during the early part of 1755, under com- 
 mand of General Braddock, whose task assigned 
 to him by the Home Government was to re- 
 conquer the whole continent and restore it to the 
 domain of Great Britain. 
 
 "It is not my purpose to recall to you to-day 
 the incidents so familiar to you all, as they are to 
 every student of Pennsylvania history, of the 
 expedition of General Braddock — how it cut its 
 way from Alexandria b}- Cumberland and Win- 
 chester into the forests of Pennsylvania, in three 
 divisions under Halket, Gage and Dunbar, on 
 its way to the Ohio River — or how, after having 
 advanced within ten or twelve miles of Fort 
 Duquesne, it was surrounded and entrapped by 
 the forces of Contrecoeur. General Braddock 
 himself having been killed, and after a struggle 
 of almost unexampled ferocity, more than half 
 of his officers and men having been left either 
 wounded or dying on the field, the expedition was 
 completely defeated, only a small remnant having 
 been able to find its way back to Philadelphia. 
 
 "These incidents, though very full of interest, 
 must not detain us, because Braddock's campaign 
 is a sufficiently large subject to be treated by itself, 
 and our remaining time must be devoted to the 
 consideration of the ne.\t succeeding campaign 
 under General Forbes, which won the prize and 
 finally occupied Fort Duquesne. 
 
 "General Jolin Forbes was a Scotchman by 
 birth, who, though liaving been educated for the 
 medical profession, had entered the British army 
 and become a lieutenant in the Scots Dragoons; 
 having distinguished himself by his services and 
 having advanced to the rank of Quartermaster- 
 General under the Duke of Bedford, he was made 
 a Brigadier- General and sent with the forces to 
 America, in the year 1758, when he was forty- 
 
 (334) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 eight years of age. It was determined, on account 
 of his devotion to his profession as well as his 
 known ability and resource in overcoming the 
 obstacles of war, to entrust the new expedition to 
 him. Every effort was made to supply him with 
 the necessary force and equipment with which to 
 snatch linally the much-coveted post on the Alle- 
 gheny. His army was to consist of about 7,000 
 men. Sir John St. Clair was selected on account 
 of his familiarity with the frontier to assist him- 
 being promoted for that purpose to the rank of 
 Colonel, by which arrangement, as ]Mr. Pitt 
 WTOte to Governor Denny, of Pennsylvania, the 
 British Government had determined 'to repair 
 the losses and disappointments of the last inactive 
 and unhappy campaign.' 
 
 "St. Clair joined General Forbes in New York, 
 whence they proceeded together to Philadelphia 
 to prepare a plan for the undertaking, with a force 
 at their command nearlv three times as larsre as 
 that of Braddock had been — made up of 2,700 
 Pennsylvanians, — 1,200 Royal Highlanders, who 
 had come with Forbes from England, 350 regular 
 British troops raised for colonial service called 
 Royal Americans, 1,000 men from Delaware, 
 Maryland and North Carolina, with 1,600 \'ir- 
 ginians under command of Colonel Washington. 
 
 "In the course of the summer of 1758, the ex- 
 pedition began to concentrate. On the 3d of July 
 Washington was at Fort Cumberland, about 
 thirty miles south of Bedford, whilst Colonel 
 Bouquet, who was second in command to General 
 Forbes, reached Bedford, some 100 miles east of 
 Fort Duquesne, in advance of the main body, 
 about the same time. The first serious question 
 to Ijc decided at this point was as to tlie route that 
 should be taken towanl tlie West, in regard to 
 which Washington wrote to liouijuet, strongly 
 urging the adoption of the old road that had been 
 followed by Braddock, because, for one reason 
 at least, it would not be practical to Iniild a new 
 one that season. But Bouquet convinced Gen- 
 eral Forbes that his plan was best, and conse- 
 quently with the General's consent, he ordered 
 
 Colonel James Burd, of the Pennsylvania troops, 
 to cut a way through the forests to Loyal Hanna 
 and build a stockade there. 
 
 "It is not definitely known why it was that 
 Forbes came to this decision about the road, 
 though it has been suggested, and with some show 
 of likelihood, that Bouquet wished to avoid the 
 effect upon his men of being obliged to follow 
 Braddock's road to defeat, and it is probable also 
 that he wished to keep open a direct line of com- 
 munication with Philadelphia, his principal base 
 of supplies, and not to take the Pennsylvania 
 farmers out of their own pro\-ince, as they would 
 have to do if they followed the line of Braddock, 
 who, it will be remembered, had entered from 
 \'irginia. The line adopted ran from Bedford 
 to Westmoreland over the Laurel Mountain and 
 across Laurel Run to Loyal Hanna, thence over 
 the Chestnut ridge between the waters of the 
 Sewickley and Turtle Creek to the .Mlegheny 
 and Fort Duquesne. 
 
 'Tt was a long and weary march, and amid the 
 difliculties of clearing the brush, cutting down 
 heavy trees and bridging o\er the swamps, Forbes 
 could move only at a snail's pace, deeming him- 
 self fortunate if he could push forward with his 
 soldiers, camp equipment and his thousand wag- 
 oners even five or six miles a day. At Shippens- 
 burg, in August, he wrote to Mr. Peters: 'I know- 
 that your coffeehouse people will make their 
 remarks freely, why I don't proceed ; — but they 
 must talk, although I must take my own way.' 
 He complained of the lack of interest taken by 
 the inhabitants of the province themselves, which 
 caused disappointment often and serious delay, 
 saying: 'The great reason is, the horril)le roguery 
 and rascality of the country ])e()ple. who did not 
 at all fulfill their contracts and agreements neither 
 in carriages or horses. For in the place of carry- 
 ing two thousand pounds weight they never had 
 above fourteen or fifteen hundred, and in place 
 of twelve days made twenty of their journeys, by 
 which our magazines were disappointed at our 
 daily consumption at Raystown must have fallen 
 
 (335) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 upon them (the magazines) had I pushed forward 
 the troops.' And a month later, in September, 
 writing from Raystown in regard to the forwarding 
 of some suppHes for -which he had arranged he 
 said he hoped that 'this will give me time to look 
 about for a day or two and draw breath, being 
 at this present moment in bed, wearied like a dog." 
 And Sir John St. Clair sent back a requisition for 
 'pickaxes, crows and shovels, and likewise more 
 whiskey.' 
 
 "But Forbes maintained a splendid courage 
 in spite of his drawbacks, and he wrote: 'Every- 
 thing that (k'pended upon the troops has succeeded 
 to admiration, and we have got entirely the better 
 of that impassable road over the Alleghany Moun- 
 tains and Laurel Ridge, so we arc ready to take 
 the very first favorable opportunity, if not with 
 the whole, at least of visiting the enemy witli 
 pretty large detachments. So that now my 
 advancing will again depend upon the honesty of 
 the inhabitants by their furnishing proper wagons, 
 as the troops are in great spirits, but 1 must not 
 lead them to fall a sacrifice to want or famine.' 
 Tt seems strange to-day to think of Scotch High- 
 landers in the midst of these Pennsylvania forests, 
 fighting the Indians, who, being friendly to tlie 
 French were sent out by them against the advanc- 
 ing British column, to watch its movements and 
 harass it if possible; the Indians themselves did 
 not quite know what to make of those brawny 
 fellows with kilts whom the}- called 'petticoat 
 soldiers,' but the Scotchmen did excellent service 
 under Forbes. 
 
 "The General wrote: 'I hope we have chased 
 off the enemy's Indians from this neighborhood, 
 having had three hundred Highlanders with all the 
 best woodsmen out these eight days, night and 
 day.' 
 
 "The nearer the expedition approached its des- 
 tination at Fort Duquesne, the more important 
 became not only the question of the possible 
 reinforcements that the French miglit have been 
 able to obtain from Canada, but also how far they 
 had succeeded in winning over the friendship of 
 
 the Indians who had proved in the preceding cam- 
 paigns, especially in Braddock's defeat, a most 
 formidable weapon in this forest warfare. We 
 find Forbes ^\Titing as to this: 'But in spite of all 
 the parties I have sent out, I can learn nothing 
 that can be depended upon, I must therefore beg 
 that Andrew Montour may be forthwith employed 
 in getting me intelligence of the enemy's strength 
 in those parts, by going himself, as likewise send- 
 ing two or three trusty hands to pick up what they 
 can learn as to the number of French, Canadians 
 or Indians there at present or expected. Whether 
 they have thrown up any entrenchments before 
 the fort, between the Ohio and the Monongahela. 
 What guns they mount in the fort, whether they 
 send out parties from the fort during the day or 
 night to reconnoitre the ground; how many men 
 mount guard, and the disposition of the Indians. 
 These spies may return to our advanced post nine 
 miles forward from Loyal Hanna on the other side 
 of the Chestnut ridge of mountains and about forty 
 miles from Fort Duquesne.' And with an eye 
 to availing himself of the advantage to his own 
 force to have as many Indians as possible on his 
 side, the General adds: 'Hambus and Teedy- 
 uscung's son go down to Easttown to persuade 
 their friends to come and join them, I wish they 
 may be sincere, so pray let them be watched 
 narrowly.' 
 
 "The fact was, however, that the garrison at the 
 fort was not a strong one. Contrecoeur, who 
 had held it so successfully, was withdrawn to 
 Canada after Braddock's disaster, as had been 
 also the greater part of the troops that he had had 
 under him at that time. 
 
 "The Indians were largely dispersed, — the 
 Ottawas, Ojibwas, Pottawottomis and Wyan- 
 dottes, who had come from the Great Lakes, had 
 gone back to their distant villages, and the Ohio 
 tribes wanting peace could not be induced to come 
 out again for the French. So that the new French 
 commander, M. de Ligneris, had but a handful 
 of men now to oppose to the attack of the advanc- 
 ing British. 
 
 (336) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 "Forbes at Raystown had not only the severities 
 of the campaign to contend with, but his own 
 health, which had not been strong theretofore, 
 gave way entirely. In his letter to Mr. Peters, 
 he added with his own hand to the manuscript 
 written by his secretary: T stand greatly in need 
 of a few prunes by way of laxative; if any fresh 
 are lately arrived a few pounds will be a great 
 blessing, or a pound or two of such tine raisins 
 as Mr. .^lien's were, as I eat nothing.' Indeed, 
 from this point forward, and during the last weeks 
 of his successful campaign the General had to 
 direct operations from a litter in which he was 
 carried, slung between two horses. 
 
 "From Raystown he sent forward Colonel Bou- 
 quet with 2,000 men to Loyal Hanna, where the 
 latter entrenched himself in a position which he 
 named after his favorite commander in Europe, 
 General Ligenier, to examine the ground, impress 
 the enemy and prepare for the ad\-ance of the 
 whole army. Henry Bouquet, who was destined 
 to play a very important part not only with Gen- 
 eral Forbes, but later in an expedition which he 
 led against the Western Indians in 1764, and put 
 an end to the depredations that were laying waste 
 the province of Pennsylvania, was a Swiss, having 
 been born at a little town on Lake Geneva, called 
 Rolle, which lies between Geneva and Lausanne. 
 After a remarkable career in the military service 
 of Holland, and having traveled extensively in 
 France and Italy, in the company of Lord Middle- 
 ton he entered the British army and was ordered 
 in 1758, as we have already seen, to accompany 
 General Forbes with the regiments of Royal 
 Americans, of which he was lieutenant-colonel. 
 He appears to have been the first I'rilish officer 
 who closely observed the methods of warfare of 
 the Indians, and to have drawn from their hidden 
 and stealthy attacks the lessons which taught him 
 to prepare his defense. Joseph Shippen wrote 
 home from Bedford that Colonel Bouquet 'Ex- 
 ercises his men everv afternoon in the woods and 
 bushes in a particular manner of his own invention, 
 which will be of great service in an engagement 
 
 with the Indians.' He cautioned his men not to 
 light a fire in the woods, not to break a twig or 
 make a sound, for the Indians were very quick to 
 hear and had an exceedingly keen sight. In 
 truth. Boufjuet may be said to have been the great- 
 est Indian fighter of his time. 
 
 "Bouquet sent out a small reconnoitering force 
 under Major Grant, which came into contact 
 with the enemy toward the middle of September, 
 and his command had a second engagement 
 with them under Colonel James Burd, who gave 
 the account of it in a letter from Loyal Hanna on 
 the 14th of October, to his wife, who was Sarah 
 Shippen, of Philadelphia. T have just to ac- 
 quaint you,' he wrote, 'that the French army, con- 
 sisting of 1,200 French and 200 Indians, com- 
 manded Ijy M. de \'itri, attacked me on Thurdsay, 
 the 12th, at II A. M., with great fury until 3 P. M., 
 at which time I had the pleasure to see victory 
 to the British army I had the honor to command. 
 The enemy attempted on the night of the 12th 
 to attack me a second time, but in return for their 
 most unmelodious Indian 'music, I gave them a 
 number of shells from our mortars, which made 
 them retreat soon. 
 
 " 'I received your last letter wherein you hoped 
 I might obtain my wish to our taking Duquesne. 
 We shall try it soon. 
 
 " 'I am hearty, and with regard, my dear Sail, 
 your ever affectionate husband.' 
 
 "By the beginning of November the whole 
 army, with General Forbes himself, was at Loyal 
 Hanna, the main body having occupied fifty days 
 in marching thither from Bedford, a distance of 
 fifty miles. 'I "he General determined to move 
 forwaid, in spite of the lateness of the season, with 
 thi' h()])e that he might still complete his task before 
 the winter set in, and encouraged, no doubt, by 
 the fact that in the recent contact with the French 
 the eneni}- had been impressed by his superiority, 
 which de Ligneris was evidendy convinced that 
 he could not dare to face. 
 
 "On the 24th General Forbes had advanced 
 to the Turtle Creek, close to Fort Duquesne, when 
 
 (337) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 he saw smoke arising from the enclosure and was 
 soon informed that the French commander had 
 set fire to the buildings, had abandoned the post, 
 and with the men of the garrison was making the 
 best of his way down the Ohio River. 
 
 "And so Ducjuesne was won by the great soldier 
 whose name it is an honor to mention in connec- 
 tion with the annals of our countr}-, whose deeds 
 add lustre to the highest achievements of his 
 time. His devotion to duty was marvelous as 
 well as admirable, and his patriotic self-sacrifice 
 enabled him to forget tlie hardships that sur- 
 rounded him, the weariness of the way, even the 
 infirmity which while it overcame his body could 
 not break his indomitable will. 
 
 "We are fortunate enough to possess a letter 
 of Colonel Bouquet written at Fort Duquesne on 
 the same day that Forbes occupied it, the 23th 
 of November, 1758, in which he says to Chief 
 Justice Allen, to whom it was wTitten : 
 
 " 'I take with great pleasure this first oppor- 
 tunity of informing you of the reduction of this 
 important place, persuaded that the success of 
 his Majesty's arms on this side will give you great 
 satisfaction, and reward you for all the pains you 
 have taken for the diflicult supply of this army. 
 
 " 'We marched from Loyal Hanna with 2,500 
 picked men, without tents or baggage, witii a 
 light train of artillery in expectation of meeting 
 the enemy and determining by a battle who should 
 possess this country. 
 
 '"The distance is about fifty miles, which we 
 marched in five days, a great diligence considering 
 the season, the uncertainty of the roads, entirely 
 unknown, and the difiicultv of making tlum prac- 
 ticable for the artillery. 
 
 "'The 23d we took post at twehe miles from 
 hence, and halted the 24th for intelligence. In the 
 evening our Indians reported that they had dis- 
 covered a very thick smoke from the fort, extend- 
 ing in the bottom along the Ohio a few hours 
 after they sent word that tlie enemies had aban- 
 doned their fort after having burnt everything. 
 We marched this morning and fmmd ihe reports 
 
 true. They had blown up and destroyed all their 
 fortifications, houses, ovens and magazines. 
 
 " 'They seem to have been 400 men. Part 
 is gone down the Ohio, 100 by land, supposed to 
 Presque Isle, and 200 with the Governor, Mr. de 
 Ligneris, to Venango." 
 
 "Urging then the necessity of taking advantage 
 of this success by providing necessaries for the 
 troops and assuring the complete mastery of the 
 French, Bouquet said: 'We have done our part, 
 let you do j'ours. It is now in your power to enjoy 
 in peace and quietness your lands and possessions, 
 if you will only lay out in time some money, which 
 may save you ten times more and the lives of 
 thousands of your poor inhabitants.' 
 
 "And he ended his letter with this: 'After God 
 the success of this expedition is entirely due to 
 the General, who by bringing about the treaty of 
 Easton with the Indians, has struck the blow 
 which has knocked the French on the head, in 
 temporizing wisely to expect the effects of that 
 treaty, in securing all his posts, and giving nothing 
 to chance; and not yielding to the urgent instances 
 for taking Braddock's road, which would have 
 been our destruction. 
 
 " 'In all these measures I say that he has shown 
 the greatest prudence, firmness and ability. No- 
 body is better informed of the numberless difli- 
 culties he had to surmount than I am, who had an 
 opportunity to see every step tliat was taken from 
 the beginning and every obstruction that was 
 thrown in his way. I wish the nation may be as 
 sensible of his service as he really deserves and 
 give him the only reward that can flatter him — 
 the pleasure of seeing them pleased and satisfied.' 
 
 "Bouquet's wish has been fulfilled: for, after a 
 lumdred and fifty years we have not forgotten 
 him, we express our gratitude to him here in the 
 heart of the great city that has grown up on the 
 scene of his triumph — Fort Duquesne became 
 Fort Pitt and Fort Pitt became Pittsburgh, the 
 Gateway to the West, the powerful centre of 
 modern industry and wealth, now in the prime 
 of its vigor and with its brilliant fviture before it. 
 
 (338) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 "General Forbes remained at the forks of the 
 Monongahela during the winter, but returning to 
 Philadelphia in the spring of 1 759, he died there, and 
 lies buried there in the chancel of Christ Church. 
 
 "It is a singular and interesting fact that General 
 Forbes was born in Dunfermline, as was also Mr. 
 Andrew Carnegie; and that his ancestral home, 
 the house of his birth, is enclosed and still pointed 
 out within the boundaries of the beautiful park 
 which Mr. Carnegie has given as a public recrea- 
 tion ground to the city. 
 
 "Thus the name of Pittsburgh's great citizen 
 and munificent benefactor is inseparably connected 
 with that of the famous General who fought for it 
 and gave it its name. 
 
 "There is still to be seen in the house where 
 Forbes was born in Dunfermline a pane of glass 
 upon which his father wTOte with a diamond the 
 date of his birth, adding underneath: 'A merry 
 (or fine) young colt,' — which we have ample 
 cause to know that he was." 
 
 Mr. A. J. Kelly. Jr.: "Ladies and Gentlemen, 
 we had a telegram this afternoon from one of our 
 distinguished citizens and now we have a letter 
 dated of a late date to the Hon. George W. Guth- 
 rie, which it is my privilege to read. 
 
 LETTER OF ANDREW CARNEGIE 
 
 " 'I appreciate highly the pressing invitation to 
 be present and celebrate with you Pittsburgh's 
 birthday, but as it happens to be my own, previous 
 engagements at home will prevent my presence 
 with you. I count it one of the happiest incidents 
 of my life that the creator of Pittsburgh, General 
 Forbes, was, like myself, born in Dunfermline, 
 and that I was able to purchase the romantic and 
 historic estate PittcncrielT, of which he was Laird 
 and of which I now hold the title as his successor. 
 My connection with Dunfermline is strengthened 
 by another incident. Its provost. General Ilalkctt 
 and his son both fell on Braddock's field, now 
 occupied by the steel works. I like to dwell upon 
 these coincidences which bring my native town 
 and my adopted city so closely together. 
 
 " 'Great as Pittsburgh's progress has been in 
 the past and as commanding as her position is, 
 her future is to be still greater if she be true to 
 herself. One feature pains me deeplv — the pass- 
 ing away of her prominent citizens from time to 
 time, without leaving behind them some evidence 
 of love and gratitude for the city in which they 
 made their fortunes. Surely this city in which 
 they have prospered should not be forgotten. 
 
 " 'I congratulate the citizens of Pittsburgh upon 
 the evidences of returning prosperity which every- 
 where abound, and in which Pittsburgh is so 
 largely to share. My heart is with you to-night. 
 "'Andrew C.a.rnegie.' " 
 
 Mr. A. J. Kelly, ]r.: 'T also have a letter of 
 regret from Lieutenant-General S. B. M. Young, 
 whom you all perhaps well remember. It was his 
 intention and plan to be with us, but he was not 
 relieved from his post in the West in time to jjermit 
 him to get here. 
 
 "Mr. Tower has well portrayed the life of one 
 of our greatest generals, one of whom Mr. Car- 
 negie speaks, General Forbes. In September we 
 had the pleasure of having the representative of 
 the Forbes family here, and I have in my hand 
 a letter written November 13th to the Hon. George 
 W. Guthrie by Mr. Forbes, which reads as follows: 
 
 letter of ARTHUR FORBES 
 
 " "1 have great pleasure in wishing you and the 
 citizens of Pittsl)urgh an enjoyable and successful 
 meeting on Xovumber 25th, the 150th anniversary 
 of the christening of the city of Pittsburgh. It 
 gave me much satisfaction to hear during my re- 
 cent visit of the city's wonderful progress in com- 
 merce and educational matters since its founding 
 a century and a lialf ago, and I have every hope 
 that it will continue to prosper in as great a degree 
 in the future. I would also again thank you and 
 the Sesqui-Centennial Committee fort he kindness 
 and hospitality accorded to my wife and myself 
 (luring our stay in Pittsburgh. 
 
 " 'Arthur Forbes.' " 
 
 (339) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The concluding remarks of the cveninj^ were by 
 Mayor Guthrie: "Ladies and Gentlemen, while 
 the hour is late I think that you will pardon me if 
 I will take a few^ moments of your time to say to 
 our guests and friends what I know you all feci, 
 and that is the pleasure and gratification that we 
 have had in their attendance at our various celebra- 
 tions. We are grateful to them that they have 
 at such trouble come here to add grace and pleas- 
 ure to'our services, and I know you will join with 
 me in extending to these gentlemen w-ho have 
 spoken to you to-night our thanks for the instruc- 
 tive and illuminative addresses which they have 
 prepared antl delivered so forcibly. And also you 
 will join with me in extending to his excellency 
 the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Hon. Edwin S. 
 Stuart, our thanks that he has on two occasions 
 set aside other public duties and engagements to 
 come here and show by his presence the sympathv 
 of the whole State of Pennsxhania. in our anniver- 
 
 sary. .\nd now, Pittsburghers, your 150th year 
 is closing. The future stretches fair before you. 
 The forces of right and justice and good govern- 
 ment, of all that tends to the uplift and develop- 
 ment of the people, will triumph and carry our 
 city to greater glory than she has ever seen. But 
 to-day her destinies rest in our hands. May the 
 inspiration of the great deeds of the past, may the 
 spirits of the heroes who have given of their ser- 
 vices and of their blood, inspire us to greater 
 deeds of loyalty and service than we ever yet have 
 rendered. .\nd may God be with us to the end. 
 
 "The services to-night will close with the Hal- 
 lelujah Chorus after which we will all join in sing- 
 ing 'America.' " 
 
 The "Hallelujah Chorus," by Handel, was 
 rendered by the Mozart Club, Prof. J. P. Mc- 
 Cullom, leader, accompanied by the Pittsburgh 
 Orchestra. The celebration closed with the sing- 
 ing of "America." 
 
 (340) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 THANKSGIVING SERVICES 
 
 In recognition of the fact that a Thanksgiving 
 service was held by one of tlie Chaphiins of Gen- 
 eral Forbes' army, Rev. Charles Beatty, on the day 
 after the taking of Fort Duqucsne, being Sunday, 
 special services were held in many churches in 
 Pittsburgh on Thursday, November 26, 1908, 
 being the National Thanksgiving Day. The most 
 notable of these was a great union religious service 
 held at 3: 15 p. m. in the temple of Rodeph Shalom 
 congregation, Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, pastor, who 
 presided. The services were arranged and partic- 
 ipated in by pastors of thirteen different congrega- 
 tions, Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. 
 
 At 2 p. M. there was a meeting of Swedish res- 
 idents in the Carnegie Music Hall, which was 
 addressed by Hon. Herman dc Lagcrcrantz. Prof. 
 Martin Hokanson of the Carnegie Technical 
 Schools was chairman of the committee wliich 
 arranged the meeting. In the morning, a banquet 
 was given to M. de Lagercrantz at the Hotel 
 Schenley by Swedish residents. 
 
 On Friday, November 27th, ]\I. De Lagercrantz 
 and Count Ugglas visited the Carnegie Art Gal- 
 leries. At I p. II. they were given a farewell lunch- 
 eon at the Duquesne Club by members of the 
 Sesqui-Centennial E.xecutive committee. 
 
 Many of the clubs and societies of the city held 
 special Sesqui-Centennial exercises. One of the 
 most notable of these was under the auspices of 
 the New Era Club of Western Pennsylvania, at 
 the Chamber of Commerce on the afternoon of 
 Wednesday, October 14th. 
 
 On the morning of November 25th the .\lleglicny 
 County Committee of Pennsylvania Society Colon- 
 ial Dames of .\merica unveiled a tal^let placed 
 by the organization in the Washington School 
 in Fortieth Street near Butler Street. The lal)let 
 commemorates the crossing of the .Mleglieny 
 River in the vicinity by (k-orge Washington and 
 Christopher Gist on December 30, 1753. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Chapter of the Daughters of 
 the American Revolution on December 4th had 
 
 an interesting meeting, at which papers were read 
 describing the lives of officers who were at Fort 
 Duquesne and Fort Pitt, these papers being 
 written bv descendants of the officers. 
 
 CENTENNIAL ODE 
 
 < )nf hundred years ago to-day 
 
 In martial state the heroes came, 
 To plant within the wilderness 
 
 Their grand old English name and fame. 
 Tiiey saw the glor}' of the land, 
 
 The realm of nations yet to be 
 .\nd wrested from the allied foe 
 The Empire of the Free. 
 
 United thus may Saxon Sires 
 
 .\nd Sons forever face the foe 
 .•\nd strike for Freedom as they struck 
 One hundred years ago. 
 
 One hundred years have passed — and Peace 
 
 In golden fullness o'er us reigns, 
 Full plenty smiles on all our hills 
 
 .■\nd gladness sings in all our plains, 
 The llag of freemen greets the air 
 
 Where waved the standard of our Sires, 
 .\nd all their altars still are bright 
 With Freedom's sacred fires. 
 
 Here fame shall keep in holy trust 
 
 The names of those who met the foe, 
 .\nd won for us this glorious land 
 One hundred years ago. 
 
 So aid us, Heaven, to keep our trust, 
 
 That in the coming centuries 
 They'll say. where truth and valor live 
 
 The light of Freedom never dies, 
 Ood of our Fathers, kce]) us still 
 
 The chosen jieoplo of thy hand, 
 ( >iH', in our fealty to thee. 
 One, to our native land. 
 
 O guide us. wiiile we watch and guard, 
 From inward strife and outward foe. 
 Tile heritage so noljly won 
 ( )ne hundred years ago. 
 
 [Sung at the celebration in Pittsburgh, Xovcmber 25, 
 1858. Words ijy F. B. I'limpton. Set to music by Henry 
 Kleher.] 
 
 (341) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 VISITORS TO EXPOSITION 
 
 A E 
 
 Mrs. K. Asche, N. S. ; Clara E. Asche, N. S.; A. C Robert P. Eiskine, Conneaut Lake; Natalia Ewald, 
 
 Aylesworth, city; Earle Armstrong, Cleveland, O.; Harry Louisville, Ky.; E. E. Ebert, Allentown; C. H. Ebert, 
 
 Archey, N. S.; Mrs. Alma Aleshire, cit)'; Mrs. M. Ashen-, city; Eliza J. Eccles, city; James M. Eccles, city; Edna 
 
 felder, Philadelphia; F. P. Altman, New York; Mrs Erickson, Washington, Pa. ; Mrs. E. M. Evans, city. 
 William Arbour, E. E. 
 
 B 
 
 Mrs. V. H. Beall, Crafton; H. L. Brum, Toledo, O.; 
 Samuel Burns, N. S.; Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Brown, city; 
 Jennie Benamann, N. S. ; Melissa Branders, city; Sadie 
 Bauman, Baden; P. R. Boyd, Wilkinsburg; Mrs. Harry 
 Beall, Crafton; Otto Bauer, Mill vale; Mrs. William Berg- 
 
 J. M. Finigan, city; Benard H. Feldstein, city; Miss 
 Ross Feldstein, cit)'; Harriet A. Foster, city; Miss Bessie 
 Ford, city; Mrs. Emilie Fischer, McKeesport; Mrs. E. 
 Finlev, Homewood. 
 
 G 
 
 Miss Sue Gorman, E. E.; Miss Nellie Gray, Dayton, 
 man, N. S.; Flora Bergman, N. S.; Erv Barnett, Marietta, „ ,,. xt i /■ u * ■ t-. ^ ■.. ^r- u at \ ,^ u 
 ' ' 6 ' ' > . ' O.; Miss Nele Goldstein, Detroit, Mich.; Mrs. A. Gold- 
 
 O. ; Miss Marcia Borland, city ; Winifred L. Browne, city ; 
 
 Mrs. M. Borland, city; M. F. Balzer, city; .\llen R. 
 
 Buckey, Mt. Washington; W. J. Buchanan, city; Mrs. 
 
 E. Boyd, cit>- ; Mrs. F. C. Baird, Ben Avon ; Mrs. G. W. 
 
 Baird, Lundys Lane; G. W. Baird, Lundys Lane; Mrs. 
 
 William Blackburn, E. E. ; Mrs. A. Berlin, Greensburg; 
 
 Mabel Blair, Valont; Mrs. George E. Buhan, city; Mrs. 
 
 W. C. Burry, Mt. Pleasant; Miss L. A. Borner, S. S. 
 
 r 
 
 stein, Bellevue; W. E. Grau, N. S. ; John .\Uen 
 Garee, Rock Creek, O. ; Miss Marie Geahr}', Cambridge, 
 O.; Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Grimm, N. S. ; Dorcas 
 Gordon, Paris; Frederick Geis, Knoxville, Tenn.; Bell- 
 
 mont Gardner, N. S. 
 
 H 
 
 W. A. Hare, Toledo, O; William A. Hare, N. S.; 
 Sadie Hippie, Cleveland, O ; Mrs. H. P. Hubbard, Hamilton, 
 Canada; Arthur Hoeckstetter, Hyde Park; Marcus L. 
 
 Hutton, city; Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Hill, Knoxville; Harry 
 Etrulia Cook, N. S.; W. H. Crisswell, Monongahela; Hoetzel, s' S., cit)-; Frank E. Haas, S. S.; Mrs. Ola 
 U. Christopher, Elrama; Arthur Carbaugh, N. S.; Mrs. Hcrr, Wilkinsburg; Miss Sadie Holmes, Carnegie; F. 
 Mary Cunningham, Huntington, W. Va. ; Stephen Corficld, ^^ Hadden, Oakdale ; Wesley Holmes, Washington, D. C. ; 
 N. S.; GarnetCoates,Mt. Oliver; H. H. Conway, Elwood ^jrs. R. E. Horton, Duquesne; Mrs. K. Horn, Erie; 
 City; Colonel J. H Corbett, Carnegie; J. O. Corbett, Car- clarence McShane Herbert, Newark, O.; Mrs. George D. 
 negie; Miss Clark, Chicago; L. L. Cope, city; Robert Holmes, Aiken, S. C; Miss Bessie Hughes city; Jim 
 N. Campbell, city; Mrs. Robert N. Campbell, city; Miss HoUand, city; E. Hughes, Greensburg; Mrs. N. Hartovick, 
 M. Isabel Cassidy, McKees Rocks; Mrs. R. Cassidy, Dawson; M. Hausman, Erie ; J. B. Husband, Greensburg. 
 McKees Rocks; Mrs. Elsie Constans, city, Mrs. H. 
 Corrothers, Greensburg; Mary CuUison, city; Mrs. Mary 
 Chroniger, East Liverpool, O.; Mrs. Ben Chroniger, 
 Wellsville, O.; W. H. Craft, Lock No. 4; Mrs. W. H. 
 Craft, North Charleroi ; Rodger Craft, Lock No. 4 ; Mrs. 
 E. Cross, Lewistown ; Miss J. Cross, Miss A. Cross, Lewis- 
 town . 
 
 Mrs. M. K. Irwin, N. S. 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 I) 
 Lolla Duerr, Tarentum; Pearl Duerr, Tarentum; Mrs. 
 G. H. Duerr, Tarentum; Miss Mary Daucnhauser, city; 
 Carl C. Dittmar, city; W. G. Docnch, city; Franck H. 
 
 Goff C. Jenkins, Sheridanville ; D. W. James, Port 
 Severn, Ontario, Can. ; Alice Johnson, city ; W. Q. Jehn 
 Hoboken, N. J. ; J. McC. Johnston, Bellevue. 
 
 Miss .\nna Krau.ssbach, Carnegie; Mrs. D. N. Kennedy, 
 
 Davidson, city; Mr. MacDonald, city; Bede J. Devlin, city; Lulu B. Kuhns, Wilkinsburg; Miss Mary Keebler, 
 
 city; Mrs. Mary Daly, city; Miss Bessie Dunseth, Du- Brushton; Miss Anna Kraussbach, Carnegie ; John Kingan 
 
 quesne; M. E. Davidson, Verona; C. F. Dar)', Utica, East Pittsburgh; Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Knott, N. S. ; Jack 
 
 N. Y. ; Matilda D. Earley, Dublin, Ireland. Kearney, city; William King, city; Agnes Korp, Port Vue; 
 
 (342) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Anna B. Klein, N. S.; Arthur \V. Dickson Kirk, Hoboken; 
 J. H. Kurtz, N. S.; Mr. and Mrs. John A. Kremser, 
 Duquesne; Mrs. Mayme Kerr, Toyla, Texas; Dudley 
 Keenan, Chicago; Mrs. Maud Kinslowe, Burnham. 
 
 James Logue and family, city; W. H. Lappe, Mars; 
 Walter G. Little, N. S. ; E. Lang, N. S. ; James H. Lay ton, 
 E. E. ; Miss Pearl Link, city; R. F. Lackner, Aspinwall; 
 James Little, Wilmerding; H. \V. Love, Orillia, Ontario, 
 Can. ; George H. Lammert, New York ; Charles R. Lauder- 
 baugh, city; William S. V. Lovett, Glenover; Mr. and Mrs. 
 Alvin E. Loeffle, Knoxville; .-V. C. Llewellyn, Wheeling, 
 W. Va.; J. B. Lash, city; Margaret Linhart, Greensburg; 
 Mrs. P. B. Linhart, Greensburg; Maude J. S. Laufifer, 
 Manor; W. D. Little, Winnipeg, ^lanitoba. Can.; Mrs. 
 Mary Little, city ; Mrs. G. F. Leonard, Knox^-ille ; Mrs 
 J. B. Levelle, Fairmont, W. Va. 
 
 M 
 
 J. McDonald, city; J. Miller, city; Miss Naoma Muha- 
 ney, Carrick ; Miss Florence Morgan, Detroit ; Miss .\lice 
 Morgan, New York; C. R. McConnell, Sheridanville ; 
 Olive Mantz, ^Millvale ; Margaret J. E. McFarland, Wild- 
 wood; Mrs. C. W. Mitchell, Butler; C. .S. Miller, Indepe- 
 dence, Kan.; Mrs. James Murphy, Kittanning; J. F. 
 Mangan, Butier; J. L. Meadow, Oakdale; John Morrison, 
 city; Maggie Mooney, city; Mrs. H. L. McGaw, Jr., 
 city; Miss .\nna Mitshelen, city; N. S. Markley, city; 
 J. J. Morrow, New York; Mrs. Charles Melhom, city, 
 Anna M. Miller, city; Leda ISfcMunn, city; Mrs. \. G. 
 Mason, city; Miss N. Mulson, city; Mrs. Marion Miller, 
 Duquesne ; Mrs. S. Morgan city ; Dan Miller, city. 
 
 N 
 Margaret J. Neely, city; William B. Nordher, Chicago; 
 Mrs. "M. J. Neely, city. 
 
 O 
 Dr. Peter O'Neil, city; Mrs. J. O'Connor, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. ; Mrs. W. V. Otto, Avalon. 
 
 Miss Ethel S. Price, city; Frank ^L Palmer, N. S. ; 
 Eliza Pritchard, Knoxville; Miss Margaret Pritchard, city; 
 Mrs. Peter Proskin, city; August J. Poerschke, N. S.; 
 Miss Irene Prosser, Boston, Mass.; F. C. Perret, city; 
 Mrs. F. C. Perret, city; Mrs. C. Perret, city; W. E. Patti- 
 son, city; Nan Patterson, McKeesport; Walter Probst, 
 Cincinnati, O.; C. E. Pool, Greensburg. 
 
 R 
 
 Miss Sarah J. Renkin, .\valon; Mrs. W. W. Renkin' 
 Avalon; Mercedes Roeser, Craften; Wilbur Roberts, 
 Wheeling; A. LaFayette Randolph, Aspinwall; Mr. and 
 Mrs. N. B. Renon, Tarentum; Mrs. Charles Reichenbach, 
 city; C. H. Rese, Bellevue; C. H. Rese, Washington, D. 
 C; Fred Reynolds, Homestead; Mrs. Edwin W. Raus- 
 thome, city; J. R. Reinhart, Mrs. J. A. Reinhard, city, 
 Neil Rainsberg, city; .\lbert C. Righter, .\valon; Mrs. F. 
 B. Ranger, city; Endell Reed, Butler; Clark Roll, city; 
 Charley Reel, Detroit; .\lma Rueckert, city; Harriet 
 Rueckert, city. 
 
 S 
 
 H. F. Segalhorst, cit)'; Miss S. E. Simpson, city; Miss 
 Katherine Schubert, Millvale; C. G. Schramm, .\spinwall; 
 J. S. Shinn, Monongahela; Miss Anna Simpson, city; 
 Mrs. Belle Simpson, cit)*; May Smith, WTieeling; Elsie 
 Shepard, citj'; .\rthur E. Sixsmith, Dixmont; S. R. Swiss, 
 Aspinwall ; Conrad Swartling, Wheeling ; T. E. Sullivan, 
 Dunkhard; John Scott, McKeesport; S. R. Swiss, Aspin- 
 wall; Mrs. J. J. SchraU, Crafton; Mr. J. L. SchraU, Graf- 
 ton; H. .\. Seifert, city; Elvira Schwartz, Tarentum; 
 Mrs. Charles Seelemeyer, McKeesport; Henr>' A. Seifert, 
 city; ^Lrs. W. C. Smitten, citj'; Mrs. P. T. Smith, city; 
 Miss Y. Shipley, city. 
 
 T 
 
 O. C. Taylor, Toledo; Florence Thomas, city ; J. Harry 
 Thoerner, city; .\lfred Travis, Larimer; Miss Carrie 
 Thompson, Harmony; Miss Helene Taubert, Wellsville, 
 O. ; Joe Trenga, citj- ; Esther Taylor, city. 
 
 Richard Varndell, Hopwood ; Mrs. Louis VoUbrecht, 
 Erie; Mrs. .Albert \'andergrift, city; Miss Evelyn Vander- 
 grift, city. 
 
 W 
 
 Albert E. WiUiams, Toledo; Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. 
 Wickline, Crafton; William Workmaster, city; J. Homer 
 Wallace, city ; Miss Mar)' Ellen Watt, city ; Miss Margar- 
 etta Watt, citj-; Homer H. Wain, cit}-; J. G. White, 
 Newell; Dawson Weller, cit)'; E. W. White, city; George 
 A. Wilson, Santa Monica, Cal.; W. B. White, city; G. H. 
 Wood, Philadelphia ; Miss L. Wilson, Edgewgod ; George 
 S. Welsh, city; Frank Wells, city; Mrs. Frank Wimers- 
 berger, Lundays Lane; Mrs. J. M. Williams, Duquesne; 
 Lyde Watson, Tarantum; Miss L. E. Wire, Littlestown; 
 Mrs. M. J. Wire, Littlestown; Mrs. George Williamson, 
 city; W. O. Wright, cit)'. 
 
 Margaret Quirk, Monroeville. 
 
 D. .\. Zinn, Cleveland; S. Zimmerman, Monaca. 
 
 (343) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 BRILLIANT RECEPTION TO WOMEN GUESTS 
 
 All of feminine Pittsburgh, seemingly, turned 
 out yesterday afternoon to do honor to the four 
 women representing three of the city's most be- 
 loved heroes, and to meet the wife of the Vice- 
 President of the United States, thus taking ad- 
 vantage of the opportunity aflforded them by the 
 reception in honor of the women visitors given by 
 the Women's Sesqui-Centennial Committee. Long 
 before four o'clock, the hour announced for the 
 beginning of the reception, the guests began to 
 arrive and by the time the doors to the great foyer 
 to Carnegie Music Hall, where it was held, were 
 opened, fully one thousand handsomely gowned 
 women were waiting to be admitted. Forbes 
 Street and the streets adjoining were lined with onade punch was served. 
 
 Stevenson and then came Miss Hester Louise 
 Pitt-Taylor. After her came in the following 
 order. Mrs. John Dalzell, Mrs. H. D. W. English, 
 Mrs. Arthur Forbes, ^Irs. James W. Brown, Miss 
 'NLidcline Hester Pitt-Taylor, Miss Mary Louise 
 Jackson, Miss Martha Washington, ]Miss. William 
 J. Holland, ^Irs. James I. Kay, oNIrs. John Grier 
 Holmes, iNIrs. Albert H. Childs, Mrs. Herbert Du- 
 Puy, Airs. Alexander Lauglilin, Jr., Mrs. William 
 Thaw, Jr., Airs. William Metcalf, Jr., and Mrs. 
 De.xter Jerauld Thayer. Scattered above the 
 foyer were other women aids, whose sole duty 
 it was to attend to the pleasure and comfort of the 
 guests. An orchestra furnished music and lem- 
 
 carriages and automobiles which had brought the 
 guests to the reception. 
 
 From four o'clock until six there was a constant 
 stream of women entering through the lobby, pass- 
 ing along the receiving line and out into other 
 parts of the building. They covered the floor of 
 the foyer, forming first a solid L as they entered 
 and turned to greet those in the receiving line, 
 then formed into groups of three and four and a 
 dozen and crowded the galleries, which were 
 turned into a sea of women's faces. 
 
 The scene presented was like pictures of the 
 Louis period in France. The magnificence of 
 the room itself and the rich and beautifully cos- 
 tumed women formed a combination probably 
 not excelled even in those picturesque days. The 
 fover needed no adornment and had none. Great 
 palms in tubs set before the pillars at the western 
 end formed a background for the receiving line. 
 In the middle of the balcony above was the Pitts- 
 burgh coat of arms done in red and wliite flowers 
 and above that two crossed flags. 
 
 The guests were received first by Mrs. George 
 W. Guthrie, wife of Pitt'^burgh's chief executive 
 oflicer, and by her presented to Mrs. Charles W. 
 Fairbanks, wife of the Vice-President of the United 
 States. Next to her stood Mrs. William H. 
 
 Mrs. Guthrie was handsomely go^^•ned in 
 gray chift'on trimmed with white chiffon hand- 
 painted with pink roses, and about her neck was 
 a dog-collar of opals and Roman gold. She wore 
 a small French toque and orchids. Airs. Fair- 
 banks wore a gown of wine colored silk voile filled 
 at the neck with white lace, and a handsome 
 diamond pendant. Her costume was finished 
 with a large white leghorn hat trimmed with long 
 white ostrich plumes, and an aigrette. 
 
 Fine black lace over white satin was worn by 
 Miss Pitt-Taylor. The front of the bodice was 
 of white lace from which sparkled a necklace and 
 pendant of diamonds and pearls. Her hat was 
 a small black one trimmed with green plumes; over 
 her face she wore a black veil of dotted net. Her 
 niece. Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, was in white. 
 The skirt of her costume was of cream white broad- 
 cloth and the blouse of embroidered net. Her 
 liat was a broad brimmed black straw trimmed 
 with white hyacinths. 
 
 .\ dainty pink and white silk with fine black 
 stripes trimmed with duchesse lace was worn by 
 Miss Washington. Her hat was of ecru gauze 
 trimmed with violet velvet and green foliage. 
 Mrs. Forbes wore black silk with jet spangles 
 and white lace and a small black hat. 
 
 (344) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Following the exercises attendant upon the 
 laying of the two corner-stones Mayor Guthrie 
 gave a luncheon in his own home, "Overbridge" 
 in Woodland Road, to the special men guests of the 
 city still in town. It was an informal luncheon 
 and was given quite apart from the ofticial func- 
 tions of the week. The eighteen guests were 
 seated at one table, which was ornamented with 
 a centerpiece of yellow dahlias. They included 
 Vice-President Fairbanks, Governor Stuart, Gen- 
 eral S. B. M. Young, General Horace Porter, the 
 Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, Arthur Forbes, Chancellor 
 Samuel B. McCormick, Judge John M. Ken- 
 nedy. Judge W. G. Hawkins, H. D. W. English, 
 C. B. Price, James W. Brown, W. H. Stevenson, 
 Herbert DuPuy, Dr. John A. Brashear and R. 
 Walker Guthrie. 
 
 Vice-President and Mrs. Fairbanks were guests 
 of honor at a handsome dinner given last evening 
 by Mr. and Mrs. William Metcalf, Jr., in the 
 University Club. It was served in the lounging 
 room on the second floor of the club house. The 
 room is ceiled in oak and was banked in the 
 recesses with palms and potted plants. The 
 thirty-six guests were seated at one long, broad 
 table down the center of which ran a bed of Ameri- 
 can Beauty roses. Over the cloth were scattered 
 loose clusters of the same kind of flowers tied with 
 ribbons which were afterward presented to the 
 women guests and intermingled with which were 
 fern leaves. Ten large cut-glass candelabra 
 furnished the only light. 
 
 In addition to the host and hostess and honor 
 guests covers were laid for Miss Pitt-Taylor, Miss 
 Madeline Pitt-Taylor, the Hon. Eric Collier, Mr. 
 and Mrs. John DalzLll, Mr. and Mrs. James 
 Francis Burke, Dr. John A. Brashear, Dr. and 
 Mrs. .Arthur A. Hamerschlag, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Robert Carson, Jr., Colonel and Mrs. Samuel 
 Harden Church, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Steven- 
 son, Mr. and Mrs. Warren C. Fairbanks, Mrs. 
 Edward T. Cassidy, C. E. E. Childers, Mr. and 
 Mrs. William M. Hall. Mr. and Mrs. Grant Mc- 
 
 Cargo, Mr. and .Mrs. .\. M. Jenkinson, Mr. and 
 Mrs. James R. Mellon and F. F. Tumbridge. 
 
 Beginning with Mrs. George W. Guthrie's 
 luncheon at the Pittsburgh Golf Club this afternoon 
 the Sesqui-Centennial visitors in the city started 
 another day filled with social events. Following 
 the luncheon Mrs. Guthrie, Mrs. Charles W. Fair- 
 banks, Miss Pitt-Taylor and Miss Madeline Louise 
 Pitt-Taylor were driven to the Schenley, where 
 they attended Mrs. Edward T. Cassidy's reception 
 given in honor of Mrs. Charles Warren Fairbanks. 
 Mrs. Cassidy was assisted at her tea by Mrs. Henry 
 W. Oliver, Mrs. Henry R. Rea, Mrs. Warren C. 
 Fairbanks, Mrs. William Metcalf. Jr., Mrs. S. N. 
 Benham, Mrs. Henry R. Hilliard. Mrs. James R. 
 Mellon, Mrs. W. L. Mellon, Mrs. George W. 
 Nicola, Mrs. Carroll Davis, Miss Clara Hussey 
 and her visiting friend. Miss Sterling; Mrs. 
 Charles B. McLean, Mrs. John Dalzell, Mrs. 
 John F. Steele, Mrs. John B. Heron. Mrs. Alex- 
 ander King, Mrs. Robert T. Reineman, Mrs. 
 William H. Stevenson, Mrs. Ralph Baggaley, Mrs. 
 A. M. Jenkinson, ^Irs. Robert Hanson. Mrs. W. 
 S. Dalzell and Mrs. J. B. Finley. Miss Pitt- 
 Taylor gave a dinner this evening at the Schen- 
 ley in honor of those who have entertained her 
 during her visit in the city. Among her guests 
 were Mayor and Mrs. George W. Guthrie, Mrs. 
 Fairbanks, Mr. and Mrs. James W. Brown, Chan- 
 cellor and Mrs. S. B. McCormick, Miss Mary 
 Louise Jackson, John B. Jackson, Bishop and 
 Mrs. Cortlandt Wiitehead, Mr. and Mrs. William 
 Metcalf, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. John .\. Brashear. Mr. 
 and Mrs.H. D. W. English, Dr. and Mrs. William 
 J. Holland, Miss Ellen Sellers, Mr. and Mrs. S. 
 H. Church, Caj)tain and Mr-. James Henderson, 
 Colonel and Mrs. James M. Schoonmaker, Burd S. 
 Patterson, Mrs. Edward T. Ca.-^sidy, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Herbert DuPuv, Mr. and Mrs. Warren Fairbanks, 
 Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Janus 1. Kay. C. E. E. Childers, 
 .Arthur M. Scully,General Horace Porter, Mrs. John 
 G. Holmes, Mr. Holmes, Mr. and Mrs.Scaife, Miss 
 Madeline Pitt-l^avlor and the Hon. Eric Collier 
 
 (345) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 CLOSING DAY OF CELEBRATION 
 
 On Saturday afternoon, October 3d, there were 
 horse races at Schenley Park Oval under the au- 
 spices of a subcommittee of the Sesqui-Centennial 
 Committee, of which George W. Baum was chair- 
 man. The committee was composed of members 
 of the Schenley Matinee Club and the Brunot's 
 Island and Crafton Clubs. There were eight 
 racing events, for each of which the Sesqui- 
 centennial Committee offered a cup for the winner, 
 and a Pittsburgh flag for the second horse. Sev- 
 eral thousand persons witnessed the races. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Arthur Forbes, Miss Martha Washing- 
 ton, Miss INIadeline Hester Pitt-Taylor and Hon. 
 Eric Collier were also present for a portion of the 
 time. During the afternoon Roy Knabenshue 
 made two flights with his dirigible balloon over 
 and around the race course, his services having 
 been employed by the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
 mittee. On the following Tuesday he sailed his 
 dirigible balloon from Schenley Park o\er the 
 down-town business district and back again. 
 
 During the afternoon of Saturday there was a 
 great parade on the South Side. The Sesqui-Cen- 
 tennial Committee permitted the use of its historic 
 floats in this parade. There were many other 
 attractive floats and wagons prepared expressly 
 for the occasion. 
 
 The week's functions ended witli two banquets 
 given at the Schenley Hotel Saturday evening. 
 The first of these was at 6: 30 and was given by 
 the Scotch residents of Pittsburgh in honor of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Forbes and Miss Martha 
 Washington. At 8 o'clock. Miss Hester Louise 
 Pitt-Taylor gave a dinner to those who had shown 
 her special courtesies during her stay in the city. 
 Mrs. Charles W. Fairbanks and General Horace 
 Porter were among the guests. Speeches were 
 made by Mayor Guthrie and others. Miss Pitt- 
 Taylor, during the evening, presented to Mayor 
 Guthrie, for the city, a large plate of Frustenburg 
 china bearing the arms of the Pitt family and 
 which belonged to the first Earl of Chatham. It 
 
 was inclosed in a fine glass case and appropriately 
 inscribed. 
 
 CARNEGIE INSTITUTE EXHIBITS 
 
 September 27th to November 26th there was 
 an exhibition in the Carnegie Art Gallery of por- 
 traits of persons prominently connected with the 
 early history of Pittsburgh. These portraits were 
 loaned by their various owners, all residents of 
 Pittsburgh or its vicinity. The collection was 
 secured through the efforts of the Art Exhibit 
 Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial Committee, 
 of which John W. Beatty, Director of the Car- 
 nesrie Art Gallerv was chairman, and Miss C. S. 
 Lapsley, Secretary. An interesting collection of 
 colonial and Revolutionary relics connected with 
 the history of Pittsburgh was on exhibition in the 
 Carnegie Museum from September 27th to No- 
 vember 26th. The collection was gathered and 
 arranged by Dr. William J. Holland, Director of 
 the Carnegie Museum, and his assistant, Douglas 
 Stewart. This and the Library e.xhibit noted else- 
 where, were arranged under the auspices of the 
 Carnegie Institute Committee of the Sesqui-Cen- 
 tennial Committee, of which William N. Frew, 
 chairman of tlic Board of Trustees and Carnegie 
 Institute, was chairman. 
 
 A fine collection of books, documents and en- 
 gravings relating to or made in Pittsburgh was on 
 exhibition at the Carnegie Library from September 
 27th to November 26th. It was arranged by 
 Harrison W. Craver, Librarian of the Carnegie 
 Library, and Miss Elisa M. Williard, head of the 
 reference department, and her assistants, Misses 
 Irene Stewart and Joanna Strange. In the chil- 
 dren's department of the library, of which Miss 
 Frances J. Olcott is head, a special effort was 
 made to interest the little ones in the history 
 commemorated by the Sesqui-Centennial celebra- 
 tion. 
 
 .\s has l)een noted. Miss Hester Louise Pitt- 
 Taylor presented to the city of Pittsburgh a plate 
 which belonged to the first William Pitt. Mayor 
 
 (346) 
 
PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 Guthrie directed the same to be deposited in the 
 Carnegie Museum. Mr. Charles Pitt-Taylor also 
 presented to the city a fine engraving of the Earl 
 of Chatham. During the two weeks' stay of the 
 Misses Taylor in Pittsburgh some fine silver and 
 china plates and other articles which belonged to 
 the first William Pitt were exhibited at the Car- 
 negie Museum. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Forbes brought with him and ex- 
 hibited at the Carnegie Museum some relics of 
 General Forbes. These were his uniform in the 
 Dutch service, his certificate of Burgesship at 
 Dunfermline, a wallet and a combined snuff mull 
 and whisdc — the latter used to call dogs. 
 
 The Carnegie Technical Schools, of which Dr. 
 A. A. Hamerschlag is the head, were at various 
 times visited by the guests of the city, who were 
 accorded every courtesy by the director and his 
 assistants. 
 
 NOTES 
 
 The Hotel Committee, E. E. Bonneville, Chair- 
 man, established a bureau of information for 
 visitors • seeking accommodations and performed 
 its various duties satisfactorily. 
 
 The Reception Committee, of which Dr. John 
 A. Brashear was the able and indefatigable chair- 
 man, performed all its functions in a most accept- 
 able manner. 
 
 The Railroad and Transportation Committee, 
 S. C. Long, chairman, did all in its power to 
 secure favorable rates for visitors during the cele- 
 bration and to facilitate travel at that time. 
 
 The badges worn 1)\- the members of the com- 
 mittees and guests were designed by \\'. lAirien 
 
 Scaife, assisted by A. Zeller, and were generally 
 admired. They contained the head of Washing- 
 ton and a view of the city at the Point, engraved 
 on a metal plate to which were attached ribbons 
 of black and yellow, which latter were suitably 
 lettered. 
 
 The members of the Women's Auxiliary Com- 
 mittee, of which Miss Julia Morgan Harding was 
 chairman, and Mrs. Samuel A. Amnion vice- 
 chairman, efficiendy performed all the duties 
 assigned. }vlrs. Amnion did specially valuable 
 work as chairman of the Subcommittee on Historic 
 Floats of the Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee. 
 
 The Women's Reception Committee under the 
 leadership of Mrs. George W. Guthrie, acted as 
 ideal hosts to the women guests of the city; as 
 also Mrs. James A. Henderson, chairman, and 
 the Ladies" Marine Committee, who made it exceed- 
 ingly pleasant for their guests during the great 
 Marine display. 
 
 The celebration was most effectively advertised 
 in advance in the news columns of the Pittsburgh 
 papers, as well as in about 150 papers of the 
 Pittsburgh district. Walter H. Gaither, the Pub- 
 licity Secretary of the Committee, proved himself 
 most competent in this capacity. The celebration 
 was also advertised by striking posters in Pitts- 
 burgh and many other cities and towns. 
 
 John B. Jackson, the eflicient Treasurer of the 
 committee, was killed by a fall from his horse, 
 October 31st. His death was a great loss to the 
 whole community and was deeply regretted by his 
 associates on the Sesqui-Centennial Committee. He 
 had taken a great interest in the celebration and 
 actively participated in the ceremonies and func- 
 tions of the Sesqui-Centennial Week. 
 
 (347) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 GOOD EFFECTS OF CELEBRATION 
 
 The good effects of the Sesqui-Centennial Cele- 
 bration were many and of an important and 
 varied character. When the General Committee 
 was appointed the people of Pittsburgh were feel- 
 ing most keenly the evil effects of a severe business 
 depression and consequently there were many who 
 deemed it unwise and even impossible to arrange 
 for a proper celebration of the city's 150th birth- 
 day anniversary. Some contended that it would 
 be impossible to raise the money required, while 
 others averred that instead of having a celebration, 
 funds should be used for the needy poor. To 
 these the reply was made that when the citizens 
 of Pittsburgh fully understood the character of the 
 celebration they would provide the necessary 
 funds, that the money dispensed for the affair 
 would give employment and trade to many Pitts- 
 burghers, and the celebration would attract many 
 outside people to the city whose expenditures here 
 would put money in circulation in the community 
 which would otherwise be spent elsewhere or 
 hoarded. It was also contended that while more 
 than $50,000 would be raised for the celebration 
 and be expended among the city's own people, 
 that an appeal for funds to be distributed as 
 charity would certainly net only a fraction of this 
 amount while it would bring nothing into the city 
 from outside. The result amply justified the 
 contentions of the friends of the celebration. The 
 people of the city, when they understood the 
 character and importance of the celebration, sub- 
 scribed the funds asked for by the committee. 
 Further tlian that they expended many thousands 
 of dollars in decorating their properties and in 
 entertaining visitors. Many thousands of people 
 were attracted to the city from outside by the 
 celebration, among them a large number of former 
 Pittsburghers. Their expenditures for raihoad 
 fares, hotel and restaurant bills and for goods 
 purchased in the city aggregated a great sum. It 
 is a conservative estimate to say that solely because 
 of the celebration a half million dollars was put in 
 
 circulation in this community and its immediately 
 adjoining territory, which otherwise would have 
 remained hoarded in banks or homes. It was well 
 said that the revival of business in the community 
 began with the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration of 
 September 27th to October 3d. 
 
 This was due, not alone to the expenditure of the 
 money above mentioned but to the spirit engen- 
 dered by the great land and marine pageants of 
 that week which brought the vast multitudes of 
 of nonresident spectators here. 
 
 In this connection also should be mentioned 
 the fact that there were between 500 and 600 
 members of the various Sesqui-Centennial com- 
 mittees, most of whom took an active interest in 
 the work of preparing for the celebration. These 
 committees embraced men of all trades, businesses 
 and professions, many of whom met for the first 
 time. They all worked together harmoniously 
 for a patriotic purpose. They were engaged in 
 making a celebration worthy of the city. 
 
 \\'liile in the beginning it was difficult to get 
 many committeemen together, yet in the last 
 month of preparation the meetings were large 
 and enthusiastic. Hundreds of committeemen 
 were highly interested in the celebration and when 
 it proved a great success they rejoiced. Their 
 work for it brought them into contact with many 
 of their fellows and occupied them at a time when 
 business was none too plentiful. The success of 
 the work for the celebration gave them new heart 
 for their own affairs and assured them of the fact 
 that the resources of the city and the character of 
 its men were such as to insure its prosperity. 
 
 It may be remarked that the direct gifts to 
 charitable and philanthropic purposes were helped 
 rather than hindered by the Sesqui-Centennial 
 Celebration. 
 
 One of the effects of the celebration was the 
 great stimulation of interest in the history of the 
 city and region in the minds of the young and old 
 residents of Pittsburgh and vicinity. The officials 
 at the Carnegie Library reported many persons 
 
 as seeking information as to the early days of the 
 
 (348) 
 
PITTSBURGH 
 
 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 city. In aU the schools the pupils were aroused 
 to study the local history by the special Sesqui- 
 Centennial Exercises held in them as well as by 
 the great historical land and river pageants. When 
 a people learn to appreciate properly the deeds of 
 the founders of a community as well as its present 
 greatness and resources, the standard of citizen- 
 ship must inevitably be raised. Both these results 
 were accomplished in a marked degree b}- the 
 Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 
 
 Another important result was the advertising 
 of the city all over the world. The news of the 
 Sesqui-Centennial Celebration was sent to the ends 
 of the earth. The English papers had consider- 
 able notices of it. The high and varied character 
 of the celebration presented Pittsburgh in a new 
 light. Our distinguished visitors from different 
 parts of the United States and from England, 
 Scotland and Sweden were surprised to discover 
 that Pittsburgh was a great center of art, music, 
 literature, and general and technical education 
 as well as of industry, and they went home to 
 spread new views of the city in many influential 
 quarters. Thousands of newspapers in this and 
 other countries described the celebration with the 
 result that their readers gained new and better 
 ideas of this city. The great and beautiful 
 [and and river pageants also educated our own 
 people so that they will no longer be content 
 with the old style parades given up to mere 
 advertising and devoid of interest, beautv and 
 educational and historic significance. The collec- 
 tions of portraits of former Pittsburghcrs and 
 colonial and revolutionary relics and books e.x- 
 hibited in the Carnegie Art Gallery, Museum and 
 Library have lad many to appreciate the value 
 of preserving sucli interesting mementos of the 
 past. One effect of the celebration was to in- 
 duce the pu])lirati()n of books and pamphlets 
 dealing with the history of the city. Among these 
 were Samuel Harden Church's "A Short History 
 of Pittsburgh"; Burd S. Patterson's historical 
 romance "The Head of Iron, "a Sesqui-Centennial 
 
 history published by subscription, and a new 
 edition of Miss Sarah Killikelly's "History of 
 Pittsburgh." 
 
 It was certainly a great inspiration to historical 
 students and many others who attended the meet- 
 ings in the exposition on November 25th to see there 
 representatives of the Washington, Pitt and Forbes 
 families, whose great relatives just 1 50 years before 
 had been united in the work which culminated in 
 the notable historic event which was at the moment 
 being celebrated, and to know that there were in 
 the audience descendants — among them Count 
 Ugglas — of soldiers who had served in the army 
 of General Forbes. 
 
 A gratifying feature of the celebration was the 
 fact that large numbers of people assisted in the 
 work of the committee, participated in the various 
 public indoor functions and viewed the outdoor 
 pageants and ceremonies. As has been stated 
 there were between 500 and 600 citizens on the 
 various committees. Each of the many sub- 
 committees was allowed to do its work unham- 
 pered, subject to the approval of the General Execu- 
 tive Committee. All citizens who cared to do so 
 attended the great union religious meeting at the 
 Xixon Theatre on Sunday, September 27th, 10,000 
 persons were present at the official reception at 
 the Duquesne Garden, Monday evening, Septem- 
 ber 28th, and 3,000 women attended the women's 
 reception on Friday afternoon, October 2d. Sev- 
 eral thousand persons witnessed the matinee races 
 at Schenley Oval on Saturday afternoon, Octo- 
 ber 3d, while large audiences were present at the 
 two Anniversary Day meetings on November 25th. 
 Hundreds of thousands of spectators viewed the 
 marine and land parades, the routes chosen being 
 selected with a \-iew to make this possible. Never 
 before in the history of the city were such multi- 
 tudes assembled in it as on September 30th and 
 October ist. The good order and good humor of 
 these great multitudes was most remarkable and 
 elicited tlic wondering and favorable comment of 
 [he foreign guests of the city. 
 
 (349) 
 
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MELLON XAlloXAL BANK BUILDING, DECORATKD DIKING SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 (351) 
 
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 BANK OF PITTSBURGH N. A., PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 
 Oldest Bank in the United States west of the Alleghany mountains. Founded 1810 
 
 (352) 
 
UNION TRUST COMPANY' BUILDING 
 (353) 
 
FIDELITY' rrri.F. AXD trust BUIJJJIXG 
 
 (354) 
 
rXIOX XATIOXAL BAXK BlILDIXG 
 (355) 
 
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 Tiie finest ofiBce building in the world 
 
 (357) 
 
I'ARK BUILDING 
 Showing the fine decoration during ilie Sesqui-Centennial 
 
 (358) 
 
CURRY BUILDING 
 
 Finely decorated during the Sesqui-Centennial 
 (359) 
 
McCREERY BUILDING 
 Finest decorated huilding in llie city during the Sesqui-Centennial 
 
 (360) 
 
HOTEL HENRY 
 Showing the splendid decoration of the Hotel Henry 
 
 (361) 
 
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PRINTED BY R. R. DONXELLHV 
 & SONS CO., AT THE LAKESIDE 
 PRESS . . . CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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