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PICTURESQUE CINCINNATI. 
 
 and John Filson. 
 
 Bit of History. — Cincinnati, or Losanteviile 
 as the place was first named (l'os-ante-ville, the 
 town opposite the mouth), was settled in the lat- 
 ter part of 1788 or beginning of 1789 by a party 
 under Israel Ludlow. The ground on which the 
 city stands was purchased by Matthias Denman, 
 who associated with himself Robert Patterson 
 The latter was killed by Indians on a visit to the 
 site of the proposed settlement, and Ludlow took his place in the 
 enterprise. The date of the settlement is involved in doubt ; although 
 Dec. 28, 1788, is generally celebrated as the birthday of the town. 
 While no especial incident marks the early history of the city, the 
 Indians gave more than the usual trouble ; and it was not until after 
 Harmar and St. Clair had been successively defeated by them, that 
 Wayne secured, as the result of a decisive victory in 1794, a peace 
 which was signed at Greenville in 1795. The progress of the settle- 
 ment, delayed and crippled by Indian wars until the peace, was rapid 
 afterwards. The site of the city was well chosen, for climate, natu- 
 ral advantages, river communication, and was probably selected prin- 
 cipally as being on the Indian trail between Detroit, the Great Lakes, 
 and Lexington, Ky., where it crossed the Ohio River. The tide of 
 Western emigration, as soon as it became safe, quickly peopled Cin- 
 cinnati with a thrifty, energetic, and enterprising population. The 
 growth of the city, though rapid, has been healthy. No back-set has 
 
 Copyrighted, 1883, by The John Shillito Company. 
 
6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 ever seriously affected the onward march of the place. Neither epi- 
 demic, commercial disaster, fire, war, nor wild speculation has roughly 
 disturbed her course. What advance has been made has been main- 
 tained, and in this fact lies the explanation and cause of the city's 
 present position. 
 
 The name of Cincinnati was given in 1790, when St. Clair came to 
 the place as governor of the North-west Territory. Cincinnati was 
 incorporated as a city in 1S19, and from that time has been a great 
 centre, and holds a high rank among American cities in every depart- 
 ment of trade, culture, influence, and wealth. 
 
 A single lifetime has covered the existence of Cincinnati; for the 
 first white child born in the place (William Moody, March 17, 1790) 
 died in 1879. 
 
 By the annexation of Columbia, the city has obtained the right to 
 date back its settlement to November, 1788, as a party had landed 
 and settled there previous to the coming of the party under Ludlow 
 to Losanteville ; but five years 1 annexation has not overcome the his- 
 tory of the previous eighty-five years, and Cincinnati still dates its 
 existence from Dec. 28, 1788. — Julius Dexter. 
 
 Academies. — See Schools. 
 
 Academy of Medicine, the Cincinnati, was established in 1857; 
 and its membership at present comprises about one hundred and 
 twenty physicians of the regular school, principally alumni of the 
 Medical College of Ohio. In 1874 a division was the result of a 
 dispute about some point of medical ethics ; and about twenty mem- 
 bers withdrew, and formed the Cincinnati Medical Society. During 
 the spring, autumn, and winter months, the Academy holds weekly 
 meetings, on Monday evenings, in the amphitheatre of the Ohio 
 College of Dental Surgery. Membership fee, $3; annual subscrip- 
 tion, $2. 
 
 j*Etna Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., is the largest 
 and strongest American fire-insurance company. Its cash capital is 
 $4,000,000, and its gross assets almost $10,000,000. It has paid nearly 
 $75,000,000 for losses. Its Western business, built up through the 
 department located at Cincinnati, has played a most important part 
 in the growth of this gigantic corporation. The vlitna owns the 
 building, No. 171 Vine Street, and is considered to some extent a 
 local institution. 
 
 Aldermen and Aldermanic Districts. — The twenty-five wards 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 7 
 
 of the city are equally divided into five aldermanic districts, from 
 each of which six aldermen are elected to serve four years without 
 compensation. The board, known also as the Upper House, meets 
 regularly on the second and fourth Fridays of every month in the 
 Council Chamber, City Building. The districts are as follows: First 
 district: ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 7th wards; Second district: 5th, 6th, 
 8th, 9th, and 10th wards; Third district: nth, 12th, 23d, 24th, and 
 25th wards; Fourth district: 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 22d wards; 
 Fifth district: 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st wards. The following 
 are the names of the present board of aldermen: Michael Ryan, 
 president; Samuel R. Smith, vice-president; Edwin Henderson, 
 clerk. First District: Michael Kary, Charles M. Devitt, William L. 
 Pettit, George N. Stone, Frank Vormohr. Second District: John T. 
 Jones, Julius Reis, Samuel Mains, William Loder, James B. Wilson, 
 George A. Schneider. Third District: Cassimir Baumann, Edward 
 Felix, George W. Hill, Philip Nuber, Albert Williamson, William M. 
 McGary. Fourth District: H. Riedemann, Jackson A. Armstrong, 
 Charles Hess, Edward N. Wilson, W. M. Ampt, Washington T. Por- 
 ter. Fifth District: William H. Hodgson, J. D. Holcomb, Thomas 
 T. Shay, Jeremiah -Mahony, Moses Clinton, Samuel R. Smith. 
 
 Alle mania Club, organized in 1849, occupies the beautiful free- 
 stone building erected for the club in 1879, on tne north-west corner 
 of Fourth Street and Central Avenue. The building and its elaborate 
 furnishings cost nearly $100,000. In the third story is the Allemania 
 Hall, with seating capacity of 500. There is a library of 1,500 vol- 
 umes ; and parlors, reading, billiard, card, and chess rooms, besides a 
 restaurant and bar. The club, comprising 200 Israelites, gives dur- 
 ing the year many entertainments, to which none but members and a 
 few persons invited by those taking part in the entertainment are 
 admitted. At other times strangers can, upon invitation of a mem- 
 ber, visit the club-house. The membership fees are : initiation, $25, 
 and clues S3 a month. Non-residents introduced by members are 
 granted the privileges of the club at $5 a month. 
 
 Alencon, Point-Lace (or Point d'Alencon). — Its first appearance 
 in France was in the year 1665, 'and it was first made by Madame 
 Gilbert, a native of Alencon. This lace is made entirely by hand with 
 a fine needle, upon a parchment pattern, in small pieces, afterward 
 united by invisible seams. Each part is executed by a special work- 
 man. Formerly it required eighteen different hands to complete a 
 
8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 piece of lace : the number, we believe, is now reduced to twelve. 
 The design, engraved upon a copper plate, is printed off in divisions 
 upon pieces of parchment ten inches long, each numbered according 
 to their order. They are then passed from one worker to another 
 until the different operations are completed ; and then remains the 
 great work of uniting all these segments imperceptibly together. 
 This is done by a seam following as closely as possible the outlines 
 of the pattern. Point d'Aleneon is of a solidity which defies time 
 and washing, and has been justly called the " Queen of Lace." For 
 the largest assortment of fine point-laces in all the best makes, visit 
 The John Shillito Company. 
 
 American Protestant Association, as its name implies, is com- 
 posed of men whose principles are opposed to the tenets of the 
 Roman Catholic Church. It partakes largely of a political character, 
 but is ostensibly a social organization. There are 15 lodges and 
 encampments in the city, with an aggregate membership of 2,500. 
 
 American Sunday-school Union, organized in Philadelphia in 
 1824, has two prime objects, — to establish and maintain Sunday 
 schools, and to publish and circulate moral and religious literature. 
 The Union is non-sectarian, ten different denominations being repre- 
 sented in the board of managers. It employs missionaries who 
 devote their whole time to establishing Bible-schools throughout the 
 country. 
 
 American Tract Society, instituted in New York in 1825, has 
 for its object the diffusion of " a knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ 
 as the Redeemer of sinners, and to promote the interests of vital god- 
 liness and sound morality by the circulation of religious tracts calcu- 
 lated to meet the approbation of all evangelical Christians." The 
 Western Tract Society and Presbyterian Board of Publication are 
 located at 176 Elm Street. 
 
 Amusements. — See Bellevue House, Coliseum, Esher's New 
 Palace, Grand Opera House, Heuck's Opera House, Highland House, 
 Lookout Opera House, Price's Hill, Robinson's Opera House, Vine- 
 street Opera House, Zoological Society. 
 
 Arbeiter Halle, No. 474 Walnut Street, north of Thirteenth 
 Street, belongs to the Arbeiter Bund (workingmen's society). The 
 building contains a large hall, two small halls, and eight large com- 
 mittee-rooms, besides a large bar and billiard-room. The association 
 has been in existence twenty-eight years, and the hall was erected to 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 9 
 
 meet its wants. Twenty-seven trades-unions, benevolent associations, 
 and singing societies, make this building their place of meeting. The 
 hall is sustained by receipts from rents and the proceeds of the bar 
 and billiard-room. 
 
 Arcade. — See Emery Arcade. 
 
 Archery has established itself as a permanent and prominent 
 feature of amusements in Cincinnati. The Westwood was the first 
 club to begin shooting, and had been doing so for some time before 
 Maurice Thompson aroused the country by his stirring magazine- 
 articles in 1877. In July of that year was started the Sagittarian 
 Club of Walnut Hills, and also about the same time the College-hill 
 Archery Club. These three clubs were organized by adoption of 
 constitutions," election of officers and members, and are still leading 
 clubs. The College-hill Club kept for two years its original mem- 
 bers ; but in 1879 a P art °f them withdrew, and with other persons 
 organized the Waverley Archery Club of College Hill. The clubs 
 named, and the Ivanhoe Archery Club of East Walnut Hills, organ- 
 ized in 1878, include the best shots of this city and its vicinity. The 
 Westwood meets every Wednesday afternoon, on the grounds of Jas. 
 N. Gamble at Westwood, and shoots ten rounds of three arrows each 
 at a forty-eight-inch target ; ladies shooting at a distance of thirty 
 yards, and gentlemen at forty yards. The College-hill meets every 
 Tuesday, and the Waverley every Wednesday afternoon, on the 
 grounds of some members at College Hill, and shoots the regulation 
 round. The Ivanhoe meets Friday afternoon, on the grounds of 
 members at East Walnut Hills. The Sagittarian meets on Saturday, 
 on its grounds, called Ashland Range, at Walnut Hills, and begins 
 shooting at 4 p.m. The regular round is shot at same distances as 
 those of the Westwood. Visitors interested in archery can easily get 
 an invitation to witness the games through an acquaintance with a 
 member of some club. There is a long list of other archery-clubs, 
 which are scattered throughout the city and its suburbs. 
 
 Area of Cincinnati for twenty-five years previous to 1870, when 
 the first annexation was made, was 4,480 acres, or seven square miles. 
 The territory annexed in 1870 amounted to 8,085 acres, or 12.75 
 square miles. The last annexation, in 1873, brought in 2,695 acres, 
 or 4.25 square miles. Total number of acres, 15,260; total square 
 miles, 24. The Ohio-river frontage of the city, from Columbia on 
 the east to Riverside on the west, is 11 miles. 
 
io Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Army, the. — The military protection of the city consists of five 
 companies of the First Regiment of Ohio National Guards, under 
 command of Col. C. B. Hunt. The regiment is organized under 
 the militia laws of the State, and is uniformed in the United-States 
 regulation uniform. 
 
 The Second Battery Light Artillery, Ohio National Guards, organ- 
 ized under the State militia laws, consists of eighty young men, with 
 an armament of four six-pound bronze guns, with caissons, battery, 
 wagon and equipments complete, sabres and revolvers. The com- 
 pany is under command of Capt. W. H. Murphy, with armory located 
 at Power Hall, Exposition Buildings. 
 
 The police-force is also drilled in the manual of arms. The mili- 
 tary companies will average about 60 men, rank and file, the artillery 
 80, and the drilled police 325; making a total of 705 available sol- 
 diers. The city owns a Gatling gun, bought during the railroad riots 
 of 1877, which is in charge of the superintendent of police. 
 
 Art. — Cincinnati is making rapid strides towards becoming one 
 of the American art-centres ; and, although the public art institutions 
 are but few, there are a number of valuable and extensive collections 
 owned by the citizens, and the visitor who obtains the privilege of 
 seeing some of these collections will probably be surprised to find 
 so many art-treasures stored away in this city. A realizing sense of 
 the importance of having permanent buildings for an Art Museum 
 caused to be incorporated in 1879 a Women's Art-Museum Associa- 
 tion, with power to receive and hold gifts for such a building and its 
 contents. From various sources, such as lectures, loan exhibitions, 
 private donations, and bequests, several thousand dollars have been 
 realized. 
 
 The amount required to accomplish the desired end was large, 
 and the prospect of immediate success very small. At this juncture 
 another of Cincinnati's generous millionnaires, Mr. Charles W. West, 
 came forward with a formal donation of $150,000 for the purpose of 
 founding a museum, upon condition that the citizens subscribe a like 
 amount; which was at once done. Mr. West also donated $150,000 
 as an endowment for the museum. 
 
 The acquisitions of rare and valuable objects have been much 
 larger in number than could well have been anticipated so early in 
 the history of the enterprise. The present location of the museum 
 is in the south wing of Music Hall. The permanent building will be 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati.' n 
 
 located in Eden Park, and will be of the Florentine Romanesque 
 style. 
 
 The other art-institutions are the School of Design, the Ohio 
 Mechanics' Institute, and Fry's Carving School, all of which are 
 noticed in their alphabetical places. Among the many noteworthy 
 private collections are the paintings of Joseph Longworth, Henry 
 Probasco, George Hoadly, George K. Shoenberger, Reuben R. 
 Springer, William S. Groesbeck, John L. Stettinius, L. B. Harrison, 
 W. W. Scarborough, and Nathaniel F. Baker; the bronzes of Eras- 
 mus Gest; the engravings of William Karrmann, J. Le Boutillier, 
 S. C. Tatem, William Henry Davis, and George McLaughlin. The 
 hall of William Hooper's residence at East Walnut Hills has been 
 carved throughout by pupils of the School of Design and Henry L. 
 Fry. The principal and oldest art-store is that of William Wiswell, 
 No. 70 West Fourth Street, who has been engaged in the art-business 
 in this city for forty-seven years. The other chief art-stores are 
 those of P. Smith & Co., No. 141 West Fifth Street, and A. B. Clos- 
 son, jun., No. 186 West Fourth Street, both having very pretty art- 
 galleries. (See Etching Club, Painters, Pottery, Sculptors.) 
 
 Astronomical Society, the Cincinnati, was organized in May, 
 1842 ; and on the 16th of June next Prof. O. M. Mitchel was sent to 
 Europe, under the auspices of the society, to obtain such information 
 as might facilitate the building of an observatory, and to make ar- 
 rangements for the purchase of astronomical instruments At Munich 
 he contracted for an object-glass, celebrated throughout Europe for 
 its. clearness and accuracy. It was placed in the Cincinnati Observa- 
 tory, and cost when mounted $9,500. The amount needed for this 
 purchase, and also for the building, was raised by shares of $25 each, 
 to which all classes of persons subscribed. The corner-stone of the 
 observatory was laid by John Quincy Adams, Nov. 9, 1843, on a four- 
 acre lot, situated on the summit of Mount Adams, and donated by 
 Nicholas Longworth. In 1872, the old site on Mount Adams having 
 become unsuitable by reason of the noise and smoke of the city, the 
 Longworth heirs joined with the Astronomical Society in an agree- 
 ment to give the grounds to the city, to be sold, and the proceeds to 
 be donated to the School of Drawing and Design ; the city agreeing, 
 on its part, to sustain an observatory in connection with the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati. The building, with the grounds, was sold in 1872 
 to the Passionists Fathers, and is now used as a monastery. John 
 
i 2 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Kilgour gave four acres of land on Mount Lookout as a site for the 
 new building; and the Astronomical Society donated all their instru- 
 ments and reports, and became extinct. (See Observatory.) 
 
 Athletic Club, the Cincinnati, is an amateur association formed 
 by a number of respectable young men of Cincinnati to encourage all 
 manly sports, and to promote physical culture. It was organized in 
 1S79, and has its headquarters at the rooms of the Cincinnati Gym- 
 nasium. All members of the club are also members of the gymna- 
 sium. Its officers are Frank Wright, president; and Ed. Lucius, 
 secretary. 
 
 Aurora Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincinnati 
 was incorporated in 187 1. Its cash capital is $100,000; total assets, 
 $146,441. Since its organization it has paid for losses $471,020. The 
 company has about 100 agencies scattered through six States. The 
 office is No. 6 West Fourth Street, where it has been for the past 
 twelve years. The president is C. J. Krebiel, and the secretary is F. 
 Goule. 
 
 Avenue, the, is the popular name of Spring-grove Avenue, which 
 begins at Harrison Avenue opposite the northern terminus of Mc- 
 Lean Avenue, and runs north past United Railroads Stock-yards, 
 through Cumminsville, past Spring Grove, Chester Park, and Spring 
 Lake, to its junction with the Carthage Pike, — a distance of five 
 miles. The roadway is a hundred feet wide, each side being occupied 
 by a horse-railway track as far as Cumminsville. A single track 
 extends from Cumminsville to Spring Grove. Noble silver poplars, 
 on both sides, give generous shade nearly the whole day ; and part 
 of the way a double row of trees covers the car-track on either side. 
 The grade is almost level the entire distance. The centre roadway, 
 thirty feet wide, is made of screened gravel ; and on both sides of 
 the roadway is a loam and sand track twenty-five feet wide. It is 
 the popular evening drive, and the most favorable test-road around the 
 city for fast horses. Toll is collected at two gates. The Seventh- 
 street, John-street, and Baymiller-street horse-cars connect with the 
 horse-cars on the Avenue. 
 
 Avondale is a suburb of Cincinnati, joining the city on the north, 
 and lying east of Clifton. Its southern boundary is two miles and a 
 half from Fountain Square. The Cincinnati Northern Narrow-gauge 
 Railway has a branch road running to this suburb. There are also 
 two lines of street-cars, — one via the inclined plane at Mount Adams, 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 13 
 
 and the other up Broadway and Lebanon Turnpike. It is one of the 
 most beautiful of the suburbs, many of Cincinnati's wealthiest busi- 
 ness-men having elegant residences therein. 
 
 Banks, State and National. — First National, north-west corner 
 Third and Walnut; Fourth National, north-east corner Third and 
 Walnut; Merchants' National, 75 West Third; National Lafayette 
 and Bank of Commerce, 18 West Third; Second National, north- 
 west corner Court and Main; Third National, 65 West Third; Bank 
 of Cincinnati, 31 West Third; Commercial Bank, 132 Main; Frank- 
 lin Bank. 14 West Third; German National Bank, south-west corner 
 Third and Walnut ; Western German Bank, north-east corner Twelfth 
 and Vine ; Citizens' National Bank, 51 West Third ; Exchange 
 National Bank, 34 West Third; Metropolitan National Bank, 25 
 West Third ; Union National Bank, 90 West Third ; Queen City 
 National Bank, 53 West Third; Cincinnati National Bank, 90 West 
 Third. 
 
 Baptist Churches. — See Churches. 
 
 Bar Association, the Cincinnati, was organized for the advance- 
 ment of legal knowledge, and the better and more convenient dis- 
 charge of professional duties connected therewith. George Hoadly 
 is the president, and nearly all the prominent lawyers of the city are 
 members. Besides having an annual banquet, the association meets 
 at the Literary-club Rooms whenever any business is to be transacted. 
 The assessment is $5 a year. 
 
 Barracks, the Newport, owned by the United-States Government, 
 are situated on the point of Newport, Ky., where the Licking River 
 empties into the Ohio. The grounds once included five acres and a 
 half, but a part have since been washed away. The river-front is 
 protected by a wall of masonry. The permanent buildings occupy 
 the outer portions of the square. They enclose a parade-ground, and 
 have accommodations for three companies, although six hundred men 
 have been quartered there. At present it is the headquarters for the 
 Department of the South. The barracks are reached most con- 
 veniently by the Newport Ferry, which has a landing about three 
 hundred yards from the main gates. 
 
 Base Ball. — There is one professional club and innumerable 
 amateur clubs in Cincinnati. The professional club, named after our 
 city, is incorporated, holds membership in the American Alliance, and 
 has enclosed grounds at the foot of Bank Street, about two miles from 
 
14 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Fountain Square. They arc accessible by means of all the west-end 
 lines of street-cars. The amateur clubs play their games both at the 
 Cincinnati grounds and at the old Ball Park on the Avenue, while 
 innumerable games are played in every available vacant lot in the 
 citv or its suburbs. Cincinnati is a great city for base-ball. Some 
 of the games frequently bring out an attendance of upwards of ten 
 thousand people. 
 
 Baths, Public. — There is one public swimming-bath in the city, 
 moored in the summer in the Ohio River at the foot of Broadway. 
 It consists of a boat 200 by 50 feet, with 86 dressing-rooms. A cur- 
 rent of water 4J feet in" depth constantly passes through it. There 
 is a swimming-school attached ; the basin being 20 feet square, and 
 the water from 2\ to 3.7 feet deep. Price of a single bath, 15 cents; 
 season tickets, $5. Public bath-houses are numerous throughout the 
 city. Most of the hotels have public bathing accommodations. At 
 many of the bath-establishments, Turkish, electric, sea-salt, and medi- 
 cated baths are furnished. Prices range from 20 cents to $1.50, 
 according to the kind of bath. 
 
 Bellevue is a suburb of Newport, Ky., lying directly east of that 
 city, and west of Dayton. It is regularly built, and is inhabited prin- 
 cipally by workingmen and men of moderate means, who do business 
 in Cincinnati. It is about three miles from Fountain Square, and is 
 reached by the Newport and Dayton line of street-cars, which start 
 in Cincinnati from Fountain Square. 
 
 Bellevue House. — One of the famous hill-top resorts of the city- 
 It is situated at the head of the Cincinnati and Clifton Inclined-plane 
 Railway. The hill on which it stands is an almost abrupt rise of 300 
 feet above McMicken Avenue. Two beautiful views of the city under 
 the hills can be had from the terrace, — one covering the Mill-creek 
 Valley, the other all that portion of the city west of Mount Adams 
 and north of Fourth Street. The grounds attached comprise about 
 12 acres, in which are an immense pavilion, a park, and an orchard. 
 The esplanade, overlooking the city, is 500 feet long, and 150 feet 
 wide. This, as well as the main halls and the floor of the- pavilion, 
 is covered with chairs and refreshment-tables. As many as ten thou- 
 sand people can be accommodated, and a much larger number has 
 frequently been entertained in one evening. The grounds are largely 
 used for picnics, balls, and private parties. The entire place is open 
 at all times, and the admission is almost always free. Horse-cars, — 
 

Picturesque Cincinnati. 17 
 
 Elm-street and Vine-street lines, which take passengers to the Inclined 
 Plane. The distance is i-J miles from Fountain Square. 
 
 B'nai B'rith, a mutual-benefit order of Israelites, has seven lodges 
 in Cincinnati, six of which meet weekly in the lodge-room, north-east 
 corner of Fifth Street and Central Avenue. The sick-benefits are 
 S4 a week ; the dues do not exceed $25 a year ; death assessments, 
 75 cents each. These fees cover an endowment insurance of $1,000, 
 and are obligatory on all the members. Connected with the order, 
 but not obligatory on the members, is an insurance feature of $2,000, 
 payable at death to the heirs of the deceased. This order instituted 
 the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland, supported by the lodges 
 throughout District No. 2, which comprises the States of Ohio, 
 Indiana, and Kentucky. 
 
 Board of Trade and Transportation collects, preserves, and 
 circulates information relating to the business of Cincinnati, especial- 
 ly the facts relating to its manufacturing interests ; encourages wise 
 and needful legislation, and opposes the enactment of laws likely to 
 prove pre judical to the commercial and manufacturing interests. It 
 studies the workings of the system of transportation, and endeavors 
 to remedy its defects and abuses, as well as to secure just rates of 
 freight, the discontinuance of overcharges, and the prompt settlement 
 of damages on goods shipped. It facilitates the adjustment of con- 
 troversies between its members and others, and strives to promote 
 the industrial interests of the city. Its voting membership is about 
 300 ; the annual dues being, for firms, $30 ; for individuals, $20. Its 
 rooms are No. 55 West Fourth Street, and are open every week-day. 
 Visitors admitted. 
 
 Boards, the various, of public offices, will be found under the 
 head expressing the chief idea of the office : e.g., for Board of Alder- 
 men, see Aldermen; for Board of Education, see Education, etc. 
 
 Bohemian Benevolent Association. — Composed of about 150 
 persons, who immigrated to this city from Bohemia, and who have 
 united for mutual benefit. Its meetings are held every second Mon- 
 day night at Arbeiter Halle. 
 
 Boman's is a name given to the former homestead of Gen. M. S. 
 Wade. In its day it was one of the finest villas in Ohio ; but it has 
 since degenerated into a lunch, beer, and wine resort for persons 
 driving along the roads in Avondale, Walnut Hills, and the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
iS Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Bond Hill is a station on the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, 
 about nine miles from Cincinnati. It was located in 1870, and has a 
 population of about 600. 
 
 Bonds of Cincinnati are regarded by capitalists as securities as 
 safe a> those offered by the bonds of any American city. The first 
 bond was issued in 1834 ; and since that time the city has never failed 
 to promptly pay its bonds at maturity, and has never issued a renewal 
 bond. The following statement shows the security offered by a Cin- 
 cinnati bond: assessed valuation of real estate and personal property 
 for the year ending June 30, 1882, about $166,986,000; valuation of 
 property owned by the city, $35,887,000; amount of sinking-fund, 
 Jan. 1, 1 8S3, $3,180,398 ; cash in bank Jan. 1, 1883, $104,857; total, 
 $39,172,973; total bonded debt, Jan. 1, 1883, $27,120,707 ; balance in 
 favor of the city, $12,052,266. 
 
 Books relating to Cincinnati. — The chief works are: Notices 
 concerning Cincinnati, 1810, by Daniel Drake; Natural and Statis- 
 tical View of Cincinnati, 181 5, by Daniel Drake; Cincinnati in 1826, 
 by Benjamin Drake and E. D. Mansfield; Tales and Sketches from 
 the Queen City, 1838, by Benjamin Drake ; Cincinnati in 1841, in 
 1S5 r , and in 1859 (three volumes), by Charles Cist; The Queen City, 
 1869, ty George E. Stevens ; Suburbs of Cincinnati, 1870, by Sid- 
 ney D. Maxwell; Illustrated Cincinnati, 1875, by Daniel J. Kenny; 
 Cincinnati Illustrated, 1879, by Daniel J. Kenny. "Boston (Mass.) 
 Daily Advertiser," July 28, 1879, published a four-column review of 
 the city, by Moses King. The Encyclopaedia Britannica and the 
 American Encyclopaedia have long reviews. (The above books and 
 reviews can be seen at the rooms of the Historical and Philosophical 
 Society.) 
 
 Bookstores. — The principal general bookstores are those of 
 Robert Clarke & Co., 65 West Fourth Street; Peter G, Thomson, 
 179 Vine; George E. Stevens, 39 West Fourth; Methodist Book 
 Concern, 190 West Fourth; J. R. Ilawley, 164 Vine; Perry & Mor- 
 ton, 162 Vine ; and Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue. 
 
 Bottoms, the. — That portion of the city, principally devoted to 
 business, lying on the plateau between Third Street and the Ohio 
 River, is now known as the " Bottom." What are known as Mill- 
 creek Bottoms lie west of McLean Avenue, and south of Cummins- 
 ville. Deer-creek Bottom, now occupied by Eggleston Avenue, is a 
 thing of the past. 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 19 
 
 Boys 1 Protectory, situated at Delhi, eight miles west of the city, 
 is in charge of the Brotherhood of St. Francis. It is a home for 
 the education and maintenance of orphan and other destitute boys 
 between the ages of five and 'seventeen years, who are taught the 
 rudiments of an education, and a useful trade. There are about one 
 hundred and twenty children in the institution. The city office is 
 corner of Stone and Longworth Streets. 
 
 Bradstreet Company's Mercantile Agency have a branch office 
 at 7S and 80 West Third Street, employing more than thirty clerks 
 under the superintendence of Levi C. Goodale. Bradstreet's issues 
 a " Book of Reports " quarterly, showing the names and standing 
 of every firm and corporation in the United States and Canada , a 
 daily sheet showing failures, dissolutions, judgments, etc., and writ 
 ten reports about any firm or corporation. Over nine thousand 
 inquiries a month are answered at the Cincinnati office, which is one 
 of the forty-four main offices scattered throughout North America. 
 
 Breweries. — However favorable to total-abstinence principles a 
 writer may be, he cannot neglect to mention, in a description of Cin- 
 cinnati, the breweries and distilleries; for they constitute two of the 
 most important industries of the city. In regard to the breweries, it 
 can be said that in the year ending January, 1881, there were twenty- 
 three of them, having a total invested capital of $3,195,000, occupy 
 ing real estate valued at $2,398,000, giving employment to about 900 
 persons, and manufacturing $4,740,000 worth of beer. The visitor, 
 whether a total abstainer or not, should surely see some of the great 
 breweries ; for in no other way can he comprehend the magnitude of 
 the business done. 
 
 Bridges. — Three immense structures span the Ohio River at 
 Cincinnati, the most notable of which is the suspension bridge con 
 necting Cincinnati with Covington. It is the largest single span of 
 its class in the world. The Cincinnati approach begins at Front 
 Street, midway between Walnut and Vine. Water Street is crossed 
 at a height of 15 feet by a bridge of boiler-iron. On the south side 
 of Water Street is the anchor pit ; and 300 feet farther on, at the 
 water's edge, is the tower, 230 feet high, over which the gigantic 
 cables pass. The towers are higher, and each contains more stone, 
 than the Bunker-hill Monument. The distance between this tower 
 and the one on the Kentucky shore is 1,057 feet. The bridge is 36 
 feet wide, and contains two wavs for pedestrians, two carriage-wavs, 
 
20 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Suspension Bridge. 
 
 and a double track for 
 street-railroads. The cables contain 10,400 
 wires, and are each 12^ inches in diameter, j - 
 weighing nearly 2,000,000 pounds. The total J^ 
 length of the 'bridge is 2,252 feet. In the 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 21 
 
 centre it is 103 feet above low-water mark. It was opened to travel in 
 1867, and cost $1,800,000. The various lines of Covington and one line 
 of Newport street-cars cross the bridge, which is five squares from the 
 esplanade. Toll for foot-passengers, three cents. The bridge con- 
 necting Cincinnati with Newport, Ky., is a mile east of the suspen- 
 sion-bridge, and is 100 feet above low-water mark. The channel span 
 is 405 feet in length. The structure is of wrought iron, and rests on 
 1 1 piers, and together with its approaches is 3,090 feet long. It was 
 built for the Louisville Short-line Railroad, but contains also two 
 ways for foot-passengers, and a double carriage-way, in which is a 
 street-railroad track for one of the Newport lines of horse-cars. 
 The Cincinnati Southern Railroad Bridge, connecting Cincinnati with 
 Ludlow, Ky., is used exclusively for railway purposes. It is about 
 a mile and a half west of the suspension-bridge. With its ap- 
 proaches, it is over a mile in length. It is of wrought iron, and has 
 five piers in the water; the longest span being 510 feet, and the short- 
 est 300 feet. It is 103 feet above low water. 
 
 Brighton is that portion of the city extending from the junction 
 of Freeman Street with Central Avenue, west to Mill Creek. It 
 was originally the site of the former stock-yards : hence its name. 
 The Brighton House, a popular hotel with stock-raisers for many 
 years, but now torn down, was at one time the favorite suburban 
 resort. The encroachments of the city up the valley necessitated 
 the removal of the stock yards, and with their departure the greatness 
 of the hotel vanished. Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, 
 is within the limits of Brighton. The horse-car stables of the John- 
 street, Baymiller-street, and Seventh-street lines are located here. 
 
 Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, organized in 1855, has 
 branches throughout the United States. The Cincinnati branch has 
 about 100 members. It is a secret benevolent order, and since its 
 organization has distributed over $1,000,000 in benefits to sick and 
 disabled members and their families. 
 
 Bucktown, a name given to the district lying in the Deer-creek 
 Bottom, east of Broadway. It was formerly wholly inhabited by 
 negroes and the lowest and most depraved class of whites : hence 
 its name. The march of factory improvement, the building of 
 Eggleston Avenue, and filling-up of the old canal, have driven many 
 of its old inhabitants to other sections; and Bucktown will probably, 
 in a few vears, exist only in name. 
 
22 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Builders' Exchange occupies rooms 55 West Fourth Street. It was 
 organized in 1878, for "the collection and dissemination of statistics 
 and information of value to any or all of the several trades engaged 
 in the building business ; the mutual improvement and advancement 
 of all artisans and tradesmen in their several avocations connected 
 with said business; the peaceable settlement of matters in dispute 
 between contractors, sub-contractors, and employers ; the advantages 
 of a general place of meeting for the transaction of business ; the 
 establishment and enforcement of such lawful rules and methods of 
 procedure as may be deemed for the best interests of the association 
 and its various members; and to do any and all other things falling 
 within the general scope of the business and procedures of such 
 associations." The dues are $10 a year. 
 
 Building Associations, of which there are about 170, receive 
 nearly $100,000 a week in instalments of 25 cents, 50 cents, and 
 $1, on each share of stock. This money is loaned, at six per cent 
 interest, secured by first mortgages or bonds, only to members. The 
 interest is paid weekly, along with the instalments. It is decided to 
 which members to loan the money by one of two systems, known as 
 the "auction" and "drawing" systems. In the "auction," the one 
 bidding the highest premium has the right of asking the first loan, 
 the next-highest bidder the second loan, and so on. In the "draw- 
 ing," it is decided by lot in what order the loans are to be made. 
 As a rule, only $400 are loaned to the holder of one share of stock, 
 and by law no person can borrow more than $8,000 from any one 
 association. These building associations enable persons of small 
 incomes to build homes, and also to derive a profit from their " de- 
 posits ; " for when the societies close up, usually every six years, the 
 profits are divided among the members, or " shareholders." 
 
 Burial-Places. — See Cemeteries. 
 
 Burnet Residence, on the north-west corner of Seventh and Elm 
 Streets, is the old family mansion of the late Judge Jacob Burnet, 
 who is famous among other things for having entertained in a most 
 hospitable manner the distinguished visitors of his time. When the 
 house was built, in 1824, it was the handsomest and most commodi- 
 ous family residence in the city ; and the grounds comprised the 
 whole square bounded by Seventh, Elm, Eighth, and Plum Streets. 
 It is to-day one of those comfortable and roomy old-fashioned houses 
 having a wide hall through the centre, and is occupied by a family 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 23 
 
 keeping a few boarders. The grounds now comprise about one-fourth 
 of the square. 
 
 Burnet House, on the north-west corner of Third and Vine 
 Streets, has about 300 rooms in all, and accommodations for 600 
 guests The hotel is on the American plan, the terms being $3 and 
 S4 a day. When built, in 1849, »* was one °f tne grandest and most 
 spacious hotels in the world. The building, including the terrace, 
 fronts 212 feet on Third Street and 210 feet on Vine Street. It is 
 six stories high, and has a dome 42 feet in diameter and 100 feet 
 above the basement floor. In 1875 the whole interior was remodelled, 
 and is now up to the standard required of first-class hotels. The per- 
 fect management, the desirable location, and the superior accommo- 
 dations make it one of the most attractive hotels in the city, The 
 Burnet has always enjoyed the patronage of the most noted person- 
 ages ; and among its guests have been James Buchanan, Abraham 
 Lincoln, US Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, the Prince of Wales, Lord 
 Lyons, the Duke of Newcastle, Louis Kossuth, Lewis Cass, John C. 
 Breckenridge, Stephen A. Douglas, Salmon P. Chase, Horace Gree- 
 ley, John Mitchell, Jefferson Davis, Gens. Sherman, Burnside, Sheri- 
 dan, and Thomas, Edwin Forrest, Edwin Booth, John E. Owens, 
 Jenny Lind, Ristori, Charlotte Cushman, Carlotta and Adelina Patti, 
 Formes, Grisi, Wachtel, Nilsson, Cary, Roze, Gerster, Mary Ander- 
 son, and many others. The numerous daily arrivals show that the 
 Burnet is still a favorite hotel with the best class of travellers. On 
 the Third-street side is the commodious and excellent Burnet-house 
 Restaurant, where about 500 business men are accustomed to take 
 their dinners. The president is J. W. Dunklee, the secretary T. W. 
 Zimmerman, and the treasurer O. G. Barnes. 
 
 Burnet-woods Park lies directly north of the city, and about two 
 miles from Fountain Square, and contains 163^ acres, about one- 
 third of which is improved. The purchase was made in 1873, anc ^ 
 the improvements begun in 1875 There is a lake of about three 
 acres, used in winter for skating, and in summer for boating. The 
 improvements have cost $63,000. One of the wealthy citizens pro- 
 poses to erect and stock, in the near future, a museum similar to the 
 famous Kensington Museum in London ; and one of the prominent 
 knolls is suggested as the site. Free open-air concerts are given each 
 week, the funds being provided by an endowment of $50,000 made by 
 William S Groesbeck. Horse-cars. — Vine-street and Elm-street lines. 
 
24 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Butchers' Melting Association, organized as a joint-stock com- 
 pany by Cincinnati butchers in 1854, and buildings erected at the 
 intersection of John and Findlay Streets, in the region then known 
 as Texas. The association is now in few hands; and the surplus fat, 
 which was formerly rendered into lard and tallow for the butchers, 
 is at present bought by the association, and, after rendering, put on 
 the market for sale. Association wagons collect all refuse fat, bones, 
 and scraps from the numerous butcher-stalls throughout the city. 
 
 Caledonian Society, an association for the purpose of assisting 
 destitute Scotchmen and their families residing in this country. It 
 was instituted in 1832, and numbers among its members about forty 
 prominent and wealthy Scots. It has a fund for the relief of mem- 
 bers who may become needy. The officers are elected annually, and 
 an annual banquet is held on St. Andrew's Day. 
 
 California, a suburb on the east side of the Little Miami River, 
 fronting on the Ohio, is in Hamilton County, eight miles from 
 Fountain Square. It is a manufacturing place to some extent, and 
 the home of a number of Cincinnati business-men. Population 
 about 600. 
 
 Camp Washington, now a portion of the twenty-fourth ward, 
 lies between the site of the old Brighton House and Cumminsville, 
 on both sides of the Colerain Pike. It received its name from hav- 
 ing been the rendezvous of the First and Second Ohio Regiments at 
 the beginning of the Mexican War in 1846, when it was a grove. It 
 is now thickly settled, having a population of 3,000. The Work- 
 house and House of Refuge are here located. The Avenue horse- 
 ears traverse its entire length. 
 
 Canals. — The Miami and Erie Canal, begun about 1820, and 
 popularly termed the " Rhine," traverses the city in a south-easterly 
 direction from Cumminsville to the Little Miami Railroad Depot, 
 where it empties through an underground tunnel into the Ohio 
 River. From Canal Street and Sycamore Street to the river, it has 
 been converted into an immense sewer, known as Eggleston-avenue 
 Sewer. Through the city proper it runs south from McMicken 
 Avenue on Plum Street to Canal Street, which should properly be 
 called Eleventh Street. A right angle is here made, and an easterly 
 direction is taken to Sycamore Street, where the canal is lost in the 
 sewer. The portion of the city north-cast of this angle is settled by 
 Germans, and is the district popularly known as " Over the Rhine." 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 2 5 
 
 The Whitewater Canal was abandoned sixteen years ago ; and the 
 rails of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Lafayette Railroad now 
 occupy its bed, and the Central Avenue freight-depot is on its 
 basin. 
 
 Carthage, a suburban village about eight miles from Fountain 
 Square, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton and the Dayton 
 Short-line Railroads, contains many elegant private residences, and 
 has a population of about 1,500 persons, most of whom do business 
 
 j in the city. It is approached 
 
 "->> by private conveyance by way 
 
 of Spring-grove 
 Avenue and the 
 Carthage Pike. 
 Longview In- 
 sane Asylum, 
 the city and 
 countv infirm a- 
 
 Vieiu of the Canal. 
 
 ries, and county 
 fair-grounds are 
 on the outskirts 
 of the village; 
 and the Col- 
 
 ored Lunatic Asylum is within a short distance of it. 
 
 Carthage Pike. — Leaving Fountain Square, the traveller passes 
 northward on Vine Street to Hammond Street, in Corrvville, which 
 is the beginning of the Carthage Pike proper. Continuing northward, 
 he passes Burnet-woods Park, Clifton, the Zoological Gardens, through 
 Mount St. Bernard, on to the junction with Spring-grove Avenue, a 
 distance of five miles. Continuing, he passes Longview Asylum and 
 the Colored Lunatic Asylum before Carthage is reached, a distance of 
 
26 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 eight miles. North of Carthage he passes the Hamilton-county Fair 
 Grounds, the County Infirmary, through the beautiful suburb of 
 Glendale, and on to Hamilton, in Butler County. It is a beautiful 
 drive. The Vine-street Hill, which is over half a mile in length, 
 can be avoided by taking Spring-grove Avenue to the junction. 
 
 Casino is a stone structure on the highest point of land in Eden 
 Park. It is also called the Shelter House and Weather House. Its 
 elevation is 420 feet above the level of the river; and a grand view of 
 the park, the river, the city, Walnut Hills, Mount Auburn, and Avon- 
 dale, can be had from its balconies. It is used as a place for rest 
 and shelter in the park, and is supplied with chairs and cold water. 
 
 Cathedral. — See St. Peter's Cathedral. 
 
 Catholic Institute Building, on the north-west corner of Long- 
 worth and Vine Streets, is owned by David Sinton, and contains the 
 Grand Opera Plouse on the ground floor, and Mozart Hall in the 
 third story, besides the rooms devoted to the purposes of the insti- 
 tute itself, which are the propagation of the dogmas of the Church 
 of Rome. 
 
 Catholics. — This city is the arch-diocese of Cincinnati, compris- 
 ing all that part of Ohio south of 40 41'. The first bishop of this 
 diocese was the Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, consecrated in 1822 ; after 
 whom came the Most Rev. J. B. Purcell as bishop in 1833, and arch- 
 bishop in 1850. In January, 1880, the Holy See appointed the Rt. 
 Rev. William H. Elder coadjutor to Archbishop Purcell. It is 
 claimed, that, of the population of Cincinnati, 100,000 are Catholics. 
 They own 36 churches, besides a number of convents, five academies 
 for girls, two colleges for young men, and about a dozen chapels. 
 There are 31 parochial schools, attended by 15,000 children. For 
 list of their churches and chapels, see Churches. 
 
 Catholic Religious Orders. — Brothers of the Holy Cross have 
 charge of St. Joseph's College for boys, on Eighth Street, near Cen- 
 tral Avenue. Franciscan Friars have their principal novitiate cor- 
 ner Vine and Liberty Streets. The brothers of this order have 
 charge of the Boys' Protectory at Delhi. The Fathers have charge 
 of St. Francis, St. John, St. George, and St. Bonaventure churches, 
 and also of a preparatory school having sixty pupils. Jesuit Fathers 
 have charge of St. Xavier's church and college. Passionist Fathers, 
 an order of monks founded by St. Paul of the Cross, occupy the 
 building on Mount Adams formerly used by the Cincinnati Observa- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 27 
 
 tory. Sisters of Charity conduct one of the largest and finest young- 
 ladies' academies in this vicinity. It is situated at Cedar Grove, on 
 the Warsaw Pike. They also serve as teachers in the parochial 
 schools, and as nurses in the Good Samaritan and other hospitals, 
 besides having charge of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum at Cummins- 
 ville. Their principal novitiate is at Delhi. Sisters of Mercy have 
 a convent on Fourth Street, between Central Avenue and John 
 Street. It was established in 1858. These sisters visit the sick and 
 destitute, the jails and hospitals, and provide a home and. instruction 
 for poor girls. Sisters of Notre Dame have their chief novitiate, or 
 " mother-house," on Sixth Street, between Sycamore Street and 
 Broadway. Besides conducting academies at the " mother-house," 
 and at the corner Court and Mound Streets, they teach pupils of the 
 parochial schools, and also manage the Mount Notre Dame Academy 
 at Reading. Sisters of the Good Shepherd help unfortunate girls and 
 children exposed to temptation. They have a refuge on Bank, be- 
 tween Baymiller and Freeman Streets, and a girls' protectory on 
 Baum Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. Sisters of the Poor 
 of St. Francis, corner Third and Lytic Streets, take care of the 
 sick in St. Mary's and other hospitals. Ladies of the Sacred Heart, 
 composed of highly educated ladies, give instruction" to the children 
 of the wealthy class. Recently they bought the handsome Neff place 
 in Clifton, and in it conduct their school. The Little Sisters' of the 
 Poor have their novitiate on the Montgomery Road. Their special 
 work is the care of destitute old people, and they act as Good 
 Samaritans whenever opportunity offers. 
 
 Cemeteries. — Calvary Catholic, at East Walnut Hills, on the 
 Madisonville Pike; has about 12 acres. City, at Lick Run, three 
 miles from the city. Colored American, at Avondale. Fulton, at 
 Columbia. German Catholic, on the Warsaw Pike, 21st ward; about 
 12 acres. German Evangelical Protestant, Baltimore Pike, 24th ward. 
 German Protestant, corner of Park Avenue and Chestnut Street, 
 Walnut Hills. German Protestant, Reading Pike, three miles and 
 a half north-east of the city. Jewish Cemetery, at Clifton. Jndah 
 Torah, Reformed Jews, at Lick Run. A'. A". Adath Lsrael, Polish 
 Jews, at Lick Run. K. LC Sherith belongs to Jewish congregation 
 on Lodge Street, and is situated at Lick Run. Methodist Protestant, 
 two miles from the city, on the Avondale Road; about four acres; 
 no further interments. Odd Fellows, in Spring-grove Cemetery. St. 
 
28 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Bernard's Catholic comprises new and old parts on the Carthage 
 Road, about three miles from the city. St. Joseph's Catholic com- 
 prises new and old parts, — the old about three miles, and the new 
 about five miles, from the city. Both are near the Warsaw Pike, in 
 the 2 1 st ward, and together include 99 acres. St. Peter's Catholic, at 
 Lick Run, on the Harrison Turnpike, three miles north-west of the 
 city. No further interments. Spring Grove. See Spring-grove 
 Cemetery. Union Baptist (colored), on the Warsaw Turnpike, at 
 Gazlay's Corner. Office, 314 West Court. United Jewish Cemetery 
 at East Walnut Hills, at the corner Montgomery Pike and Duck- 
 creek Road, comprises the "old" and "new" divisions, the new be- 
 ing well laid out in 377 family lots, and having room for 300 more ; 
 and the old being now reserved for the poor and members of the 
 congregations having no lots. The old part was opened in 1849, an d 
 the new in i860. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills horse-cars pass 
 within a short distance. Wesleyan, at Cumminsville, on the Colerain 
 Pike. Office, 190 West Fourth Street. The cemetery belongs to 
 the Methodists, and although small is well improved. It was opened 
 in 1843, contains 25 acres, and has about 25,000 interments. Many 
 pioneer preachers and laymen of the Methodist-Episcopal Church 
 are buried here. Horse-cars, — the Avenue line. There are also 
 several burying-grounds within the city, most of the bodies from 
 which have been removed, but some marked graves remain. The 
 old Jewish Cemetery, at the corner of Chestnut Street and Central 
 Avenue, is walled in with buildings on Central Avenue, and a high 
 brick wall on Chestnut Street ; in the rear of Wesley Chapel, Fifth 
 Street, between Broadway and Sycamore, the first burying-ground in 
 Cincinnati, are still some old graves ; also on Court Street, between 
 Wesley Avenue and Mound Street, — the old Catherine-street bury- 
 ing-ground, — a few graves, surrounded by an iron fence, remain. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange was organ- 
 ized to facilitate the settlement of disagreements between business- 
 men. In 1839 its by-laws were adopted, and the organization per- 
 fected. From that time the association has held " a prominent place 
 in the regard of business-men, and a place for the discussion of all 
 leading questions of mercantile usages, of matters of finance, of laws 
 affecting commerce, and, more than all, contributing to the formation 
 of an elevated tone in business intercourse. It became, indeed, a 
 kind of high court in the adjustment of questions growing out of or 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 29 
 
 affecting commercial transactions, which otherwise would have led 
 to expensive and aggravating litigations." The Chamber of Com- 
 merce continues to hold its place as a highly respected deliberative 
 body, and as a court of arbitration ; but in 1846, by the appointment 
 of a superintendent of the Exchange, it greatly enhanced its useful- 
 ness. The duty of the superintendent is not only to have charge 
 of the rooms, but also to collect information relating to commerce, 
 finances, and industries, that may be of general interest and value, 
 and to keep a record of mercantile transactions, and prepare tables 
 of imports and exports. In 1850 a charter was obtained for the 
 association; and in 1866 sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of a law enacted in 
 that year by the Legislature of Ohio were adopted, and made part 
 of the charter. There are honorary and active members ; the for- 
 mer being elected for life, and exempt from assessments or dues, and 
 only one being elected each year. In March, 1882, a radical change 
 was made from the old corporation, and firm memberships were 
 changed to individual memberships. The initiation fee was increased 
 from $10 to $250, $500, and $1,000 respectively, at the successive 
 periods named for the change ; and members of the Chamber, at the 
 time of the change, desiring certificates were permitted to receive 
 them on the payment of $100 each. This was eminently successful, 
 the revenues of the Chamber having so increased that the sum of 
 $392,981 had been accumulated at the close of the quarter ending 
 Feb. 28, 1883. The association has bought for $100,000 the site of 
 the present post-office, but cannot get possession of it until the new 
 post-office is completed. The rooms are in Pike's Building, West 
 Fourth Street, and are open every day, Sundays and holidays ex- 
 cepted, from 9 a.m. till 6 p.m.; and the "Change" hours are from 
 11.30 a.m. till 1 P.M. 
 
 Charities, the, of the city, are too numerous to be described in 
 this book. The most important may be found briefly sketched under 
 their alphabetical headings ; and they comprise the Cincinnati, the 
 Good Samaritan, the St. Mary's, and the Jewish hospitals ; the Ohio 
 Medical, the Miami Medical, and the Homoeopathic college dispen- 
 saries; the Home of the Friendless, the Widows' Home, the Old 
 Men's Home, the Children's Home ; the Boys' Protectory, the Relief 
 Union, and the Union Bethel ; the Cincinnati, the German Protestant, 
 the Cumminsville, and the Colored orphan-asylums; the Longview 
 and the Colored lunatic-asylums ; the City and the County infirmaries; 
 
30 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 the Women's Christian, the Young Men's Christian, and the Young 
 Men's Hebrew associations. Cincinnati is one of the most liberal 
 cities in the world in dispensing charities. Her citizens not only pro- 
 vide for her own destitute and afflicted, but contribute most gener- 
 ously to the relief of the outside suffering, and distribute her charities 
 in both the United States and abroad. 
 
 Chester Driving- Park. — On Spring-grove Avenue, and five 
 miles from Fountain Square, is one of the best-appointed half-mile 
 race-courses in the country. The spring races are devoted to trot- 
 ting, and the autumn races to running. The annual premiums offered 
 average $30,000. The park is the property of an association, and is 
 well sustained by a large number of contributing members. It is' 
 easily reached by Spring-grove and Clifton Avenues, the latter pass- 
 ing through the delightful suburb of Clifton. The Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton, and Dayton, the Marietta and Cincinnati, and the Dayton 
 Short-line Railroads, pass the gates on either side of the park. Gen- 
 eral admission during races, 50 cents ; grand-stand and quarter- 
 stretch privileges, $1. The Avenue horse-cars are run to the park. 
 
 Children's Home, 192 West Ninth, provides temporary and per- 
 manent homes for neglected and homeless children, and secures 
 suitable and permanent homes for them with Christian people in 
 the country. It is authorized to receive the legal care and control 
 of children properly surrendered to it by parents, guardians, or the 
 mayor ; is supported by voluntary subscriptions and contributions; 
 and publishes " The Children's Home Record " monthly. The build- 
 ing and grounds, which are models of neatness and taste, cost 
 $140,000. The average number of inmates is 100. 
 
 Chimes. — The only chimes in the city are on the St. Peter's 
 Cathedral, and consist of a set of thirteen bells donated in 1850 by 
 Reuben R. Springer. They strike the quarter-hours with four 
 strokes for each quarter, and play a tune every third hour. The 
 Holy Trinity Church, on Fifth Street, between Smith and Mound, 
 has a set of three bells; but they can scarcely be called chimes. 
 
 Christ Church, the oldest Episcopal society in Cincinnati, came 
 into existence May 18, 1817, in the parlor of Dr. David Drake, on 
 East Third Street. Two wardens and five vestrymen were then 
 elected, among whom was William II. Harrison, afterwards president 
 of the United States. At first the small congregation of 15 or 20 
 met in a room of a cotton-factory in Lodge Alley, close by the Tyler*- 
 

Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 33 
 
 Davidson Fountain. From there they moved to the corner of Fourth 
 and Main Streets, and occupied a frame building belonging to the 
 First Presbyterian Church. In 1818 they procured the use of a 
 Baptist church on West Sixth Street, which afterwards was bought 
 by the society. Christ Church was incorporated May 17, 182 r, under 
 the legal title of " The Episcopal Society of Christ Church, Cin- 
 cinnati." In 1833 a lot on the north side of Fourth Street, between 
 Sycamore aud Broadway, 100 feet front by 133 feet deep, was bought 
 at $90 per front foot ; and in June, 1S35, services were held in the 
 new edifice, which is the same the society now occupies. This church 
 is indissolubly linked with much of the history of the Protestant- 
 Episcopal Church in Ohio, and has always been the strongest of the 
 strong families in the diocesan confederation. I. N. Stanger is the 
 rector. 
 
 Church Region is a name given to the district in the vicinity of 
 St. Peter's Cathedral, there being no less than ten churches within a 
 radius of one square from the Cathedral. 
 
 Church of our Saviour, Protestant-Episcopal, is a pretty little 
 stone church on Evans Street, near Auburn Street, Mount Auburn, 
 which cost $12,000, and was first occupied in 1877. The rector is 
 Dudley W. Rhodes. The following is a complete list of the churches 
 of Cincinnati : — 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Clergyman. 
 
 Took 
 Ch'ge. 
 
 First 
 
 First German . . 
 Mount-Auburn 
 Ninth-street . . 
 
 Third 
 
 Walnut-hills . . 
 Columbia . . 
 Union (Colored) . 
 Avondale (Col'd) . 
 Calvary (Colored) , 
 First Cumminsvilie 
 
 (Colored) . . . 
 First Walnut-hills . 
 
 (Colored) . . . 
 Mt.-Zion (Col'd) . 
 Shiloh (Colored) . 
 Willow-st. (Col'd), 
 Zion (Colored). . 
 
 i»54 
 [856 
 1830 
 c8 43 
 
 l8 7 2 
 
 [870 
 
 Court and Wesley Avenue . . 
 Walnut, near Liberty . . . . 
 
 Mount Auburn 
 
 S.S. Ninth, bet. Vine and Walnut, 
 
 S.S. Hopkins, nr. Lincoln Park . 
 
 Kemper Lane, Walnut Hills . 
 
 Columbia Avenue . . . , 
 
 Mound, bet. Ninth and Richm'nd, 
 
 Avondale. 
 
 179 West Third Street . . . . 
 
 Cumminsvilie 
 
 Walnut Hills 
 
 152 Cutter Street 
 
 265 Plum Street. 
 
 Walnut Hills 
 
 Ninth, bet. Central Ave. and John, 
 
 S. K. Leavitt 
 L. H. Donner 
 A. S. Hobart 
 S. W. Duncan 
 E. P. Roberts 
 L. E. Wheeler 
 W. E. Stevens 
 Jos. Emery . 
 
 Thos. Webb. 
 
 P. F. Fossett. 
 
 A. F. Darnell. 
 Wm. Dortch. 
 
 D. Early. 
 W. R. Boone. 
 
 1872 
 1878 
 187.9 
 1875 
 1879 
 1883 
 1876 
 
 1870 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Clergyman. 
 
 Took 
 Ch'ge. 
 
 
 1867 
 
 1847 
 1872 
 1846 
 1840 
 
 
 D. F. Harris . 
 
 1876 
 1878 
 
 First Orthodox 
 Storrs 
 
 Vine-street . . . 
 
 Welsh .... 
 
 Seventh, near Central Avenue. 
 Cor. River and Ml. Hope Roads. 
 
 Vine, near Ninth 
 
 W. S. Lawrence, near Third . .. 
 
 C. H. Daniels. 
 David Jones. 
 
 DISCIPLES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Central .... 
 
 1828 
 
 Ninth, near Central Avenue . 
 
 E. T. Williams, 
 
 1881 
 
 Christian . . . 
 
 1871 
 
 Fergus Street, 25th Ward . . . 
 
 J. B. Crane . . 
 
 1882 
 
 Fourth .... 
 
 1842 
 
 313 Eastern Avenue. 
 
 
 
 Richmond-street . 
 
 - 
 
 Cutter and Richmond .... 
 
 R.T.Matthews. 
 
 
 Colored Christian . 
 
 1846 
 
 Harrison, near Broadway . . . 
 
 L.Wells. . . 
 
 1882 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT. 
 
 Camp Washington, 
 
 _ 
 
 Camp Washington 
 
 J. A. Voss. 
 
 
 
 1865 
 
 
 
 1878 
 
 German Evangel'l, 
 
 
 Clark, near Freeman . . . '. 
 
 Carl Rumpf. 
 
 St. Peter's . . . 
 
 1832 
 
 Main and McMicken Avenue 
 
 H. Pohlmeyer . 
 
 1867 
 
 St. Paul's . . . 
 
 1850 
 
 Race and Fifteenth 
 
 Edward Voss . 
 
 1879 
 
 St. Jacob's . . x . 
 
 - 
 
 Ninth and Baymiller and Free- 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 St. John's . . . 
 
 Cor. Bellevue Ave. and Fosdick, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mount Auburn 
 
 T. Heckmann. 
 
 
 St. John's (Prot.), 
 
 - 
 
 Cor. Twelfth and Elm .... 
 
 J. Carl Scholz. 
 
 
 St. Lucas . . . 
 
 1865 
 
 Third, opposite Parsons . . 
 
 P. G. Gerber . 
 
 1877 
 
 St. Martin's . . 
 
 _ 
 
 River Road, 21st Ward . . . 
 
 Ernst Guntrum. 
 
 
 St. Martin's (Ger- 
 
 
 
 
 
 man Protestant), 
 
 _ 
 
 Saffin Street, St. Petersburg . . 
 
 J. A. Voss. 
 
 
 St. Matthias . . 
 
 1861 
 
 Cor. Elm and Liberty . , . . 
 
 Jacob Pister 
 
 1881 
 
 Third Evangelical 
 
 
 
 
 
 Protestant . . 
 
 
 Walnut and Ninth 
 
 Charles Truck. 
 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL UNION. 
 
 First Ger'n Evan- 
 gelical Prot. . . 
 
 German United 
 Evang'l (Zion) . 
 
 1854 
 1844 
 
 Apple Street, 25th Ward . 
 Cor. Bremen and Fifteenth 
 
 Christ. Schenck, 
 Ch Spathelf. 
 
 1879 
 
 GERMAN REFORMED. 
 
 First 
 
 German Evangeli- 
 cal Ref.( Salem), 
 
 ( Serman Evangeli- 
 cal Ref. (Hope), 
 
 t8 47 
 '857 
 
 Cor. Elm and Fifteenth 
 Cor. Sycamore and Orchard 
 1847 Eastern Avenue . . 
 
 J. Bachmann . 
 H. I. Stern . . 
 Anton Seyring. 
 
 1875 
 1882 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 HOLLANDISCHE REFORMED. 
 
 35 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Clergyman. 
 
 Took 
 Ch'ge. 
 
 First 
 
 1881 
 
 Hughes, near Schiller. 
 
 
 
 JEWISH SYNAGOGUES. 
 
 Children of Israel, 
 House of Prayer , 
 Brotherly Love 
 Children of Jeshu 
 
 rum. . . . 
 Orthodox Jewish , 
 K.K. Adath Israel, 
 Sherilh Israel . . 
 
 1819 ! Eighth and Mound .... 
 
 - I 184 Longworth 
 
 1867 I John and Melancthon. 
 
 1842 Plum and Eighth 
 
 1863 342 Central Avenue .... 
 
 - I Walnut and Seventh .... 
 1856 Lodge, bet. Sixth and Seventh 
 
 Raph. Benjamin, 
 JudahKaletzky. 
 
 Isaac M. Wise . 
 L. Uhlfelder . 
 Henry Kuttner. 
 Nathan Moses. 
 
 1854 
 1866 
 
 LUTHERAN. 
 
 First .... 
 German Evang'l 
 
 184: 
 
 Elm, bet. Ninth and Court 
 Race, near Liberty . . . 
 
 H.W.McKnight, li 
 A. Brochmer. 
 
 METHODIST. 
 
 Wesley Chapel 
 Trinity . . 
 St.-Paul . . 
 McKendree . 
 Asbury . 
 Christie . . 
 Mount-Auburn 
 York street . 
 St -John's 
 Walnut-hills 
 Grace . . 
 Pearl-street 
 McLean . 
 Fairmount 
 Pendleton 
 Columbia 
 Mount- Lookout 
 Wright Chapel 
 Price's- hill . 
 Camp- Washington 
 City Mission. 
 Finley . . . . 
 
 Fifth Street, near Broadway 
 Ninth, bet. Race and Elm . 
 Cor. Seventh and Smith . 
 East Front Street .... 
 Webster Street .... 
 Court, cor. Wesley Avenue 
 Auburn Avenue .... 
 Cor. York and Baymiller . 
 Cor. Park and Longworth . 
 McMillan Street .... 
 
 Avondale 
 
 East Pearl 
 
 Ninth Street, near Freeman 
 
 Fairmount 
 
 Pendleton Street .... 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Mount Lookout .... 
 Colerain Turnpike, Cumminsv 
 
 Price's Hill 
 
 Camp Washington . . . 
 
 854 
 
 ■45 
 •70 
 870 
 
 875 
 
 3 7 6 
 8 7 3 
 042 
 33 1 
 876 
 
 [8tI Clinton Street 
 
 He 
 
 T. J. Harris . 
 J. W. Bushong, 
 Isaac W. Joyce, 
 J. S. Whitney 
 J. W. Gaddis 
 H. Tuckley. 
 J. A. Story . 
 
 F. G. Mitchell 
 J. R. Shannon 
 I. H. Bayliss 
 J. P. Porter. 
 Silas Bennett 
 W.P.Thirkield 
 
 G. T. Weaver 
 W. N.Williams 
 C. L. Conger 
 Edw. T. Lane 
 C. H. Haines 
 T. M. Dart. 
 T. M. Dart . 
 
 B. D. Hypes 
 
 GERMAN METHODIST. 
 
 Race-street . , 
 Everett-street , 
 Buckeye . . , 
 Home Mission 
 
 1837 
 1846 
 1849 
 1864 
 
 Race, near Thirteenth 
 Everett, near Cutter . 
 
 Spring-grove Avenue 
 
 John Pfetzing 
 F. L. Nazler 
 L. Allinger . 
 J. Krehbiel . 
 
 1883 
 1881 
 1882 
 1880 
 
36 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 METHODIST PROTESTANT. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Clergyman. 
 
 Took 
 Ch'ge. 
 
 Grace 
 
 - 
 
 George, near Linn 
 
 C. S. Evans. 
 
 
 METHODIST (COLORED). 
 
 Allen Temple . . 
 Brown's Chapel . 
 Methodist Church, 
 Mount-Zion . . . 
 Union Chapel . . 
 
 Broadway and Sixth .... 
 
 Walnut Hills 
 
 Twenty-first Ward. 
 Twenty-fifth Ward .... 
 Seventh, near Central Avenue 
 
 J. G. Mitchell. 
 M. R. Wilson 
 
 Henry Harris. 
 Henry Cardozo. 
 
 1882 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 First 
 
 J 793 
 
 Fourth, near Main . . . . . 
 
 F C. Monfort . 
 
 1881 
 
 Second . 
 
 
 1816 
 
 Eighth and Elm 
 
 James Eells . . 
 
 1883 
 
 Third . . 
 
 
 1829 
 
 Seventh, near Baymiller . . . 
 
 J. P.E.Kumler, 
 
 187s 
 
 Fourth . 
 
 
 _ 
 
 Orchard, near Main 
 
 R. H. Leonard, 
 
 1876 
 
 Fifth 
 
 \ 
 
 1831 
 
 
 A. B. Morey . 
 
 1871 
 
 1878 
 
 Sixth . . 
 
 ^ 
 
 Eastern Avenue 
 
 John Rusk . . 
 
 Seventh . 
 
 
 - 
 
 Broadway, near Fifth .... 
 
 Jona. Edwards . 
 
 1881 
 
 Mount-Auburn 
 
 1868 
 
 Mount Auburn 
 
 E. D. Ledyard . 
 
 1874 
 
 Walnut-hills . . 
 
 1878 
 
 Gilbert Avenue and Seventh St. . 
 
 G H Fullerton, 
 
 1879 
 
 Avondale . . . 
 
 1867 
 
 Rockdale Avenue, near Main 
 
 G.C. Heckman, 
 
 1879 
 
 Cumminsville . . 
 
 18SS 
 
 Cumminsville 
 
 A.N.Thompson, 
 
 1882 . 
 
 Clifton . . . . 
 
 1882 
 
 Clifton 
 
 H. Billman . . 
 
 1882 
 
 Central .... 
 
 1844 
 
 Mound, near Seventh .... 
 
 W. Blackburn . 
 
 1881 
 
 Poplar-street . . 
 
 i860 
 
 Poplar, near Freeman .... 
 
 Jas. C. White . 
 
 1873 
 
 First German . . 
 
 1856 
 
 Linn, above Findlay 
 
 (Vacant.) 
 
 
 Second German . 
 
 1867 
 
 Liberty, west of Freeman . . . 
 
 G W Winnes . 
 
 1867 
 
 Welsh . . . . 
 
 ~ 
 
 College, bet. Sixth and Seventh . 
 
 M. A Ellis. 
 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN UNITED. 
 
 First . 
 Second 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN REFORMED. 
 
 1829 j Plum, bet Eighth and Ninth . .A. G. Wylie . 
 1840 j Clinton, near John . . . , , J M Foster . 
 
 1877 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 
 
 37 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Christ Church 
 
 Calvary 
 
 Chapel of ihe Nativity . . 
 Church of the Advent . . 
 Church of the Atonement . 
 Church of the Redeemer . 
 Church of the Resurrect'n . 
 Church of our Saviour . . 
 Emanuel 
 
 Epiphany Mission . . . 
 
 Grace 
 
 St. Matthew's Mission . 
 
 St. Luke's 
 
 St. Philip 
 
 St. Paul's 
 
 Trinity Mission . . . . 
 
 1817 
 
 1854 
 1879 
 
 1875 
 
 1867 
 
 [828 
 
 Location. 
 
 Fourth, bet. Sycamore 
 and Broadway . . . 
 
 Clifton 
 
 Grand Ave., 21st Ward. 
 
 Walnut Hills .... 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Elm, near Findlay. 
 
 Fern Bank 
 
 Mount Auburn . . . 
 
 Eastern Avenue, near 
 Woodburn . . . . 
 
 Walnut Hills . . . . 
 
 Avondale 
 
 Mount Lookout. 
 
 Findlay and Baymiller . 
 
 Twenty- fifth Ward . . 
 
 Seventh and Plum . . 
 
 Liberty, near Broadway, 
 
 Clergyman. 
 
 I. N. Stanger 
 E. Rowland 
 W. B. Melish 
 Peter Tinsley 
 S. H. Boyer 
 
 Paul Sterling 
 D. W. Rhodes 
 
 J. M. Boyd. 
 J. D. Stanley 
 Alfred F.Blake 
 
 Lewis Brown 
 John Ely 
 S. Benedict . 
 J. M. Boyd . 
 
 Took 
 Ch'ge. 
 
 [876 
 [878 
 [883 
 C870 
 C882 
 
 [880 
 [876 
 
 [880 
 [867 
 
 c8 77 
 1877 
 1882 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC 
 
 St.-Peter's 
 
 All-Saints' . . . 
 Church of the Atonement 
 Church of the Blessed Sac- 
 rament ...... 
 
 Church of the Holy Angels, 
 Church of the Immaculate . 
 Church of the Presentation, 
 Church of the Sac'd Heart, 
 Holy Trinity (German) 
 Mary of Perpetual Help 
 Our Lady of Victories 
 Passionists' Novitiate 
 Sacred Heart of Jesus 
 St. Aloysius . . . 
 St. Andrew's . . . 
 St. Ann's (Colored) . 
 St. Anthony's (German) 
 St. Augustine (German) 
 St. Clement's . . 
 St. Bonaventura . . 
 St. Boniface . . 
 
 St. Charles Borromeo 
 
 St. Edward . . . 
 St. Xavier . . . 
 St. Francis de Sales 
 St Francis (Ger ) 
 St Gabriel . . . 
 St. George . . . 
 
 Plum and Eighth . . . 
 Third, near Collard . . 
 Third, near John . . . 
 
 Twenty-first Ward . . 
 Torrence Road . . . 
 Mount Adams . . . . 
 Walnut Hills . . . . 
 Bank and Baymiller . . 
 Fifth, near Mound . . 
 
 Sedamsville 
 
 Delhi ....... 
 
 Observatory Hill. 
 Camp Washington . . 
 
 Bridgetown 
 
 Avondale 
 
 New, east of Broadway, 
 Budd, near Carr . . . 
 Bank, near Freeman 
 Taylor Creek . . . . 
 
 Fairmount 
 
 Lakeman Street . . . 
 Carthage 
 
 Clark, near Mound . 
 Sycamore, near Sixth 
 Woodburn Avenue . 
 Liberty and Vine . . 
 Glendale ..... 
 Corryville .... 
 
 Wm. J. Halley. 
 Wm. Daly . . 
 D. V. Crowley, 
 
 F. X. Dutton . 
 
 Michael O'Neill 
 George Basel. 
 J.J. Kennedy 
 Henry Koering 
 J. C. Albrinck 
 
 F. X. Wayman 
 
 G. Broering 
 
 Henry Paul . 
 M. Muething 
 D. O'Mara . 
 J. Rumle, S.J. 
 August Meyer 
 A. H. Walburg 
 Amb. Sonning 
 A. Lingmann , 
 B.G.Topmuellei 
 St. Franciscan 
 
 Fathers . 
 R. F. Doyle 
 Chas. Driscoll 
 Chas. Schmidt 
 M. Schaefer 
 Jas. O'Donnell, 
 Paul Alf. 
 
 [860 
 [880 
 1883 
 
 <8 7 3 
 [865 
 
 t8 7 2 
 
 1882 
 
 c8 74 
 [876 
 .877 
 [882 
 [881 
 1877 
 
 c866 
 
 [881 
 
 1874 
 [849 
 [879 
 [880 
 1871 
 
38 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC,— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Organ- 
 ized. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Clergy™. L™ 
 
 St. Henry 
 
 St. James 
 
 St. John's (German). . 
 
 St. John's 
 
 St. Joseph (German) 
 St. Ludvvig (German) . 
 St. Mary's (German) 
 St. Patrick's . . . . 
 St. Patrick's . . . . 
 St. Paul's (German) . . 
 St. Vincent de Paul . . 
 St. Philomena (German) 
 St. Rosa (German) . . 
 
 St. Stanislaus . . . . 
 
 St. Lawrence . . . . 
 
 St. Michael's . . . . 
 
 St. Stephen's . . . . 
 
 1873 
 1849 
 1845 
 i860 
 1848 
 1870 
 
 1874 
 1850 
 18 =50 
 
 1870 
 1850 
 1867 
 
 Flint Street . . . 
 Mount Airy . . 
 Bremen and Green 
 Dry Ridge . . . 
 Linn and Laurel . 
 Eighth and Walnut 
 Llay and Thirteenth 
 Twenty-fifth Ward 
 Third and Mill . 
 Spring and Abigail 
 Sedamsville . . . 
 Pearl, near Pike . 
 Eastern Avenue 
 Lumber . . . 
 Cutter and Liberty 
 Twenty-first Ward 
 Twenty-first Ward 
 Columbia . . . 
 
 and 
 
 J. Schuchardt 
 J. Schoenfeldt 
 Otto Jair 
 Julius Voit . 
 E. Stehle 
 Paul Leopold 
 B. Roesener 
 P. B Mazuret 
 J. M. Mackey 
 H. Firneding 
 Jos. Benning. 
 H. Kemper . 
 
 B. H. Englers 
 J. Dickhaus 
 J. Schoenhoeft 
 M. Desalears 
 Jos. A. Myers 
 
 UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 
 
 Second Church . . . 
 German United Brethren 
 United Brethren in Christ 
 
 [864 
 ■845 
 
 729 Eastern Avenue . 
 Clinton and Baymiller 
 124 Betts. 
 
 Gottlieb Fritz 
 Jacob Ernst . 
 
 1882 
 
 UNIVERSALIST. 
 
 First Church 
 
 1836 
 
 Plum, bet. Fourth and 
 
 Fifth 'W. H. Ryder 
 
 1882 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Unitarian Church . . . 1830 
 Union Bethel ..... 
 Berean Brethren in Christ . 
 Swedenborgian Church of 
 
 New Jerusalem . . . . 1818 
 
 Eighth and Plum. 
 31 Public Landing 
 195 West Fifth. . 
 
 Fourth and John . 
 
 Thomas Lee. 
 J. E. Morris. 
 
 John Goddard . j 1865 
 
 Cincinnati College was established in t 8 1 9 ; and a Lancaster 
 school, organized in 181 5, was merged into it. About $40,000 had 
 been subscribed for the foundation of a college and the erection of 
 a college building ; but, by reason of bank troubles, much of that 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 39 
 
 subscription was never paid. Although part of the building was 
 completed, and the college opened, yet in 1826 instruction was sus- 
 pended for want of funds. It was re-opened in 1836, and continued 
 for two vears, when it was again closed, and remained so until 1841. 
 The building was burned in 1845, anc ^ shortly afterwards rebuilt, 
 largely by aid of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, 
 which, in consideration of its aid, holds a perpetual grant of its 
 rooms on the second floor of the building. In 1869, after the build- 
 ing was again damaged by lire, it was remodelled into its present 
 shape. The college holds a very liberal charter, containing a restric- 
 tion only against the teaching of denominational theology. The 
 government is vested in a board of trustees elected yearly by the 
 shareholders. The capital is $125,000, in shares of $25 each, for 
 which certificates were issued ; but, as the stock was of merely nomi- 
 nal value, it is now difficult to learn who are the stockholders. The 
 value of the property is about $200,000. The income is about $10,000, 
 and is used chiefly to support the Cincinnati Law School and its 
 library. The building is popularly known as the College Building, 
 and is described elsewhere. The president is William Howard Neff, 
 and the secretary A. H. McGuffey. 
 
 Cincinnati Gymnasium is one of the largest and best-equipped 
 in this country, and for many years there were none to compare with 
 it. The main hall is 120 by 45 feet, and 35 feet high. There are 
 reading and chess rooms, health-lifts, 17 hot and cold water baths, 
 etc. The society, which was organized in 1853, nas T »o°o members, 
 each paying Sio a year. The president is M. F. Wilson, and the 
 superintendent Ed. W. Murphy. The rooms are at 102 West Fourth 
 Street, and are open from six a.m. to ten p.m. daily, except Sundays. 
 Visitors admitted. 
 
 Cincinnati Hospital, the, is one of the largest, most convenient, 
 attractive, and best-managed hospitals in the country. The building 
 and grounds occupy two entire squares, extending from Twelfth to 
 Ann Streets, between Plum Street and Central Avenue. There are 
 eight buildings, three stories in height, entirely separate from each 
 other, yet connected by open passage-ways and through the base- 
 ment. The buildings are arranged on each side of the square, leav- 
 ing in the centre a large court-yard having an elegant lawn and 
 flower-garden with fountain and grotto. The hospital contains 500 
 bed-;. It is a city charitable institution, but pay-patients are received 
 
4° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 in separate rooms. The staff is composed of sixteen physicians and 
 seven undergraduate internes. The latter are given these positions 
 after a competitive examination. In the large amphitheatre, capable 
 of seating 400 persons, daily clinical lectures from September to 
 March are given, which all medical students are allowed to attend on 
 payment of five dollars per session. There is a fine medical library 
 of 4,000 volumes connected with the hospital, open to the medical 
 profession free of charge. Strangers and friends of pay-patients 
 admitted at any time, and friends of charity-patients on Thursdays. 
 
 Cincinnati Insurance Company of Cincinnati held its semi- 
 centennial anniversary in April, 1879, and is to-day the oldest joint- 
 stock general fire and marine insurance company organized west of 
 the Allegheny Mountains. At the semi-centennial the late Robert 
 Buchanan, who had been one of the first directors, was present ; and 
 in the office of the company, No. 81 West Third Street, hangs an 
 original copy of the Cincinnati " Commercial Daily Advertiser," con- 
 taining the official announcement that the requisite amount of stock 
 had been subscribed, and therefore the company was ready for busi- 
 ness. The Cincinnati Insurance Company has had a remarkable 
 career of prosperity. For fifty years its dividends averaged thirteeir 
 per cent ; in some years reaching thirty-two per cent. The president, 
 Jacob Burnet, jun., has held the office for the past twelve years ; the 
 secretary is Charles A. Farnham. 
 
 Carpets. — The John Shillito Company's carpet department occu- 
 pies the third floor of building, and is reached by elevator. It covers 
 more space, is better arranged and better lighted, than any carpet 
 room in America. Visitors will find exhibited all the newest designs 
 in floor-coverings of all grades, from the finest Turkish rugs of great 
 value, to the low-priced mattings of China. The patterns are the 
 latest and most elegant that taste and ingenuity have been able to 
 devise, the colorings rich and durable, and the brands the best in the 
 market. Buyers should not fail to examine their stock, and compare 
 their prices, before making selections. They will find in every in- 
 stance a larger variety, better styles, and lower prices, than can be 
 found elsewhere. 
 
 Cincinnati University. — See University of Cincinnati. 
 
 Cisterns and Fire-Plugs. — Two hundred and eighty-nine public 
 cisterns, each having a capacity of 500 barrels, are scattered through- 
 out the city. They offer an advantage of supplying water as fast as 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 41 
 
 the steam fire-engines can use it, and also of providing a supply 
 wholly independent of the water-works. There are 753 fire-plugs 
 for the engines ; and the water-pressure on some is so great that 
 water, without the aid of an engine, can be thrown 150 feet high.* 
 
 Citizens' Insurance Company of Cincinnati was chartered in 
 1851, under the name of the Clermont-county Fire, Marine, and Life 
 Insurance Company, and was re-organized in 1858 under the present 
 name. Its aggregate premium receipts exceed $900,000, out of 
 which over $450,000 have been paid for losses. Prior to 1875 tne 
 company declared dividends out of its net earnings to the amount 
 of $71,731, which was credited on the unpaid capital stock. Since 
 1875 tne cas h dividends will average over eleven and two-thirds per 
 cent a year. The cash capital is now $100,000, and the gross assets 
 $126,734.50. The president is Lewis Glenn, elected in 1875; anc ^ tne 
 secretary is John B. Abernethy, elected in 1867. The office is at No. 
 79 West Third Street. 
 
 City Building, so called, contains all the offices of the city gov- 
 ernment, with the exception of that of the fire-commissioners. It is 
 located in the centre of the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, and 
 Plum Streets, and Central Avenue. The Council Chamber occupies 
 the central portion of the second story. The police-court room is 
 on the first floor, at the north end. The north basement is used as 
 a station-house, or place of temporary confinement, and the south 
 basement as a repair-shop for the fire and water-works department. 
 The building is six squares north-west of Fountain Square. 
 
 City-Building Park is a small plat of ground, improved, and 
 ornamented with a neat fountain, situated in front of the City 
 Building. 
 
 City Infirmary is an institution in which the city's aged and infirm 
 paupers are cared for. The buildings, which are extensive and com- 
 modious, are on the Infirmary farm, a quarter-section of land belong- 
 ing to the city, west of the Carthage Pike, and in the vicinity of 
 Carthage, about eight miles from Fountain Square. The Infirmary 
 is under control of the board of police-commissioners, and is sepa- 
 rate and distinct from the County Infirmary, which is in the same 
 neighborhood. The farm is operated by the inmates, and produces 
 a portion of the provisions used by them. The inmates also make 
 most of their own clothing. The net cost of maintaining the Infirm- 
 ary is about 535,000 a year. There are now about 565 inmates. The 
 
42 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 nearest railroad-station is Hartwell ; which can be reached by the 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and Dayton Short-line roads. 
 
 City Officers. — The names of the city officers now holding office, 
 who. were elected by the people at the general city elections, are : 
 Mayor, Thomas J. Stephens; city solicitor, James M. Dawson; city 
 treasurer, George L. Herancourt ; police-judge, A. R. Von Martels; 
 clerk police-court, George E. Richards ; prosecuting attorney police- 
 court, John A. Caldwell. All the other city officers are appointees, 
 either by the governor of Ohio, the courts, or the mayor. The sev- 
 eral boards appoint their own subordinate officers. 
 
 City Physicians. — Of these there are 25, each physician supply- 
 ing a district corresponding with the number of the wards. Their 
 duty is to visit the sick who are unable to employ a physician or pay 
 for medicine. The latter is furnished by a druggist in each ward, 
 appointed by the health-department, at contract rates, on the pre- 
 scription of the district physicians. The physicians receive for their 
 services $20 per month each. The number of indigent sick treated 
 will average 8,000 yearly, and the number of visits made yearly will 
 aggregate 50,000. The city physicians are also detailed for quaran- 
 tine service when necessary, for which they receive extra pay. 
 
 Clearing-House Association, the Cincinnati, organized in 1866, 
 to relieve the banks of the necessity of sending messengers from one 
 bank to another to collect and pay drafts and checks. Nowadays 
 19 banks and bankers send their "messengers" and "settling-clerks" 
 at two o'clock r.M. to the third story of the building No. 70 West 
 Third Street, and there in a few minutes, without danger of loss, 
 transact the whole business that would otherwise require several 
 hours and considerable risk. After the clerks hand to the manager 
 the amounts due them by other banks, he settles with them by his 
 checks on "debit banks," as those are called which have brought in 
 a less amount of checks against other banks than were brought in 
 against them. The clearings will average about $2,000,000 a day, 
 and the balances about $200,000. The initiation-fee is $50, and the 
 dues $20 a year. Any deficit for expenses is made by a pro-rata as- 
 sessment on the amount of clearings for the year. James Espy is 
 president, and Morris M. White vice-president. George P. Bassett, 
 the manager, has held the same position ever since the clearing-house 
 was organized. 
 
 Clifton, north of Cincinnati and the Burnet-woods Park, a most 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 43 
 
 beautiful suburb, and an almost continuous landscape garden, was 
 incorporated as a town in the year 1S49. I* derived its name from 
 the Clifton Farm, comprises about 1,200 acres of land beautifully 
 diversified with hill and dale, and has a population somewhat exceed- 
 ing 1,000 persons. In its precincts there is neither "shop, factory, nor 
 saloon. It has over 17 miles of avenues, lined with fine shade-trees, 
 2,000 of which were planted in the years 1877 and 1878; and this 
 planting is to be continued from year to year. The Town Hall is a 
 handsome brick structure, surmounted by a tower with clock. This 
 building contains the public offices and the schoolroom. The school, 
 though a public one, is known as the Resor Academy, and was estab- 
 lished originally through the enterprise of the late William Resor, 
 one of the earliest residents of Clifton, and always identified with its 
 interests. The main hall of the building is elegantly frescoed in the 
 Pompeian style, and hung with choice photographs from works of 
 the old masters and the modern painters, the gift of Henry Pro- 
 basco. The Ladies of the Sacred Heart have also a school for 
 girls in a large stone mansion, with spacious and beautiful grounds, 
 purchased at a cost of $160,000. Among the noted residences may 
 be mentioned those of George K. Shoenberger, Henry Probasco, R. 
 B. Bowler, Richard Smith, E. J. Miller, O. J. Wilson, George W. 
 McAlpin, Thomas Sherlock, Isaac Jordan, Theo. Cook, I. B. Resor, 
 and Mrs. William Resor. The latter's grounds are probably the best 
 known in Clifton, being in a high state of cultivation, and containing 
 greenhouses filled with rare tropical plants and a collection of curi- 
 ous orchids. The residence of Mr. Probasco is a grand structure of 
 blue limestone in the Anglo-Norman style. The interior is in unison 
 with the exterior, and is filled with many of the choicest paintings, 
 statuary, rare volumes, illuminated manuscripts, and other art and 
 literary treasures. The owner is noted for his hospitality, and all 
 travellers who visit Clifton find a welcome at his mansion. It is to 
 Mr. Probasco that Cincinnati is indebted for the Tyler-Davidson 
 Fountain, noticed in its proper place. Numerous handsome cot- 
 tages, with attractive grounds, are scattered throughout the town, 
 among them those of Mrs. James Bugher and A. W. Whelpley. 
 Calvary Episcopal Church is the only edifice for public worship. 
 It is a neatly designed stone building, having a memorial tower. 
 The outside is covered with ivy, and presents a beautiful picture. 
 The interior is well furnished, and handsomely frescoed, and deco- 
 
44 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 rated with Scripture mottoes. All persons have the privilege of 
 quietly driving through the private grounds. The most direct route 
 for vehicles is through Vine Street, Clifton Avenue, and Burnet-woods 
 Park. Persons wishing to walk through Clifton can reach it by the 
 Vine-street or Elm-street line of horse-cars connecting with the Cin- 
 cinnati and Clifton Inclined Plane and the horse-cars. Ask for ticket 
 to Clifton ; fare, 10 cents. The Dayton Short-line and Marietta and 
 Cincinnati Railroads pass the northern boundary of Clifton. 
 
 Climate. — The climate of the city and surrounding country is 
 similar to that of other localities of the same latitude and altitude 
 in the Mississippi Valley. Meteorological data for the year 1882 are 
 given later in this book. The thermometer within the past six years 
 has been as high as 103 degrees above (July, 1874), and as low as 10 
 degrees below zero (January, 1879). There has been little variation 
 in general temperature and rainfall during the last decade. The 
 prevailing winds are from the south-west. The north-west wind is 
 short-lived, the forerunner of storms in summer, and the cause of 
 cold in winter. The east and north-east winds have less moisture and 
 more elasticity than similar winds east of the Alleghany Mountains. 
 
 Colerain Pike. — A continuation of Central Avenue. At the 
 junction of Central Avenue with Denman Street, the site of the old 
 Brighton House, it takes a northerly direction, passing through Camp 
 Washington, by the Workhouse and House of Refuge, through Cum- 
 minsville and Mount Pleasant, on to Colerain township, from which 
 it received its name. Continuing, it passes through Venice and 
 Oxford, in Butler County, where it is known as the Cincinnati Pike. 
 The road is well macadamized. 
 
 Coliseum, the. — A variety theatre, situated on the west side of 
 Vine Street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, in what was 
 formerly known as Loewen Garden. The building, which is of 
 frame, running back to Bremen Street, is one of the " Over-the- 
 Rhine " theatres, where beer and cigars are the chief support of the 
 enterprise. Prices of admission range from 10 to 25 cents. Seating 
 capacity about 1,000. The Vine-street line of horse-cars passes the 
 door. The main entrance is on Vine Street. 
 
 College Building, situated on the east side of Walnut Street, 
 between Fourth and Fifth, is owned by the Cincinnati College. It 
 contains a public hall known as College Hall, used for lectures and 
 public meetings of all kinds; and also the rooms of the Young 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 47 
 
 torical and Philosophical Society, of the School of Design, besides 
 offices, stores, and private schools. 
 
 College Hill, one of the most attractive suburbs of Cincinnati, is 
 inhabited mostly by business-men of the wealthier class. Farmers' 
 College, and also the Sanitarium, are located here. The distance 
 from Fountain Square is about eight miles. By private conveyance 
 it is reached by the Avenue or Colerain Pike to Cumminsville, thence 
 by the College-hill Pike, a beautiful road. A narrow-gauge railroad 
 connects College Hill with the Cincinnati, Plamilton, and Dayton 
 Railroad at "Winton Place, adjoining Spring-grove Cemetery. Rail- 
 ,vay passengers can get on the cars at the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
 Dayton Depot, corner of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, at Ernst Station, 
 and at Cumminsville. 
 
 College of Medicine and Surgery, the Cincinnati, on the north 
 side of George Street, between John and Smith Streets, is a college 
 of the regular school of medicine. Has two sessions a year, winter 
 and spring. The winter session begins in October, continuing until 
 March ; the spring session opening in March, and closing in May. 
 Fees for the course of lectures, $75; matriculation, $5; demonstra- 
 tors' and hospital ticket, $10; graduation, $25. R. C. Stockton 
 Reed is dean of the faculty. 
 
 College of Music of Cincinnati, the. — The College of Music 
 of Cincinnati was incorporated in 1878, with a capital of $50,000. 
 Its originators were among the most important men in the city; and 
 although its stock, like other corporations, permitted the payment 
 of dividends, yet none were ever declared, while the college always 
 stood in the position of a public institution, and was conducted, not 
 for profit, but upon artistic and eleemosynary grounds. At the 
 beginning of the present year a radical change was made in the 
 organization of the college, by reason of a liberal endowment from 
 Mr. Reuben R. Springer. The college grew, in the course of four 
 years, to such proportions that it became necessary to enlarge its 
 quarters for the giving of lessons. A large building adjoining and 
 connecting with the great Music Hall was built, and presented to the 
 college, by Mr. Springer. This gentleman also endowed the college 
 with a gift of some $80,000, and all the stockholders released their 
 right to all but one share of the stock and their right to dividends. 
 This made the college, in a legal sense, an eleemosynary institution, 
 
^ 
 
 
 aie edAectaUy iveM AbeAabea fo /wbn>&6/i> 
 cfe/j ana .if^teaniveafo wttfA CARPETS , 
 
 FURNITURE, BEDDING, MATTRESSES, 
 BED -LINEN, TOWELS, TABLE-LINEN, 
 
 NAPKINS, ana a// me necettaUed /eb me Ziio/ieb 
 ana con?A/e?e eaaSAnzent c/ Alst-c/aM t$po£e/d ob 
 <3$oa& at me /cwett Alcced aizat vwtA c/ed/iaJcA. 
 J&riend worn me name of me note/ ob voat 
 woven en me aooadj a dAeeia/tu. 
 
 ^jAe PoAn <y At Auto (ocmAany. 
 48 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 49 
 
 exempt from taxation, and obliged to devote all its resources to 
 musical education. The property of the college is now valued at 
 some $150,000, and it unquestionably stands upon a firm financial 
 footing. It is the object of the College of Music to educate the 
 student upon a well-regulated and scientific plan of instruction. 
 This plan includes instrumental and vocal instruction, with that for 
 theory and musical composition, and direction of chorus and orches- 
 tra. Its scheme of instruction is broader probably than that of any 
 other school in the world. It embraces not only vocal studies, but 
 special branches, such as the piano, organ, violin, and other orches- 
 tral instruments, with the theory of music. There is also the depart- 
 ment of languages, which includes Italian, German, and French, a 
 school for the opera, dramatic training, and elocution. Besides this 
 complete advanced field of technical musical instruction, the College 
 of Music gives weekly concerts, and every year produces the Opera 
 Festivals, which have been the wonder and delight of the musical 
 world. The present board of directors consists of fifteen of the 
 representative men of Cincinnati. This board of officers are George 
 Ward Xichols, president, who was the originator and organizer of 
 the college, and who, from the beginning, has been its presiding 
 officer; Gen. A. T. Goshorn, its vice-president; Peter Rudolph Neff, 
 treasurer; William McAlpin, secretary. 
 
 College of Pharmacy, the Cincinnati. — South-west corner Fifth 
 and John Streets. Organized 1870, and one of the ten recognized 
 colleges of pharmacy in the United States. The annual course of 
 instruction consists of six lectures a week, from the first Wednesday 
 in October to the second Wednesday in March. There is also labor- 
 atory instruction three afternoons each week during same period. 
 Fees, matriculation, $5; professors' tickets, $30; and graduation, $10. 
 
 Colored Orphan Asylum provides an asylum for the protection, 
 care, and education of destitute colored orphan children. The society 
 was incorporated in 1845, an ^ occupied an old house on Ninth Street 
 for twenty years, until it bought four acres of land in Avondale, back 
 of " Boman's," where the asvlum still remains. Besides orphans, 
 the society takes care, for a small consideration, of children who can- 
 not be kept at home by their parents. When the children become 
 sufficiently strong, they are apprenticed to responsible parties until 
 they come to their majority. There are at present thirty-one inmates 
 of the asylum, but the number at times is. much greater. 
 
50 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Columbia, a village recently annexed to Cincinnati, and forming 
 a part of the First Ward, is the extreme eastern limit of the city, 
 and is at the mouth of the Little Miami River. The pioneer settlers 
 of Cincinnati made their first settlement there, in 1788. It is easiest 
 reached by the Little Miami Railroad, but is connected with the 
 Elm-street horse-cars at Sportsman's Hall by a dummy track. Dis- 
 tance from the Esplanade, five miles. 
 
 Commerce. — Cincinnati has from an early period occupied an 
 important position as one of the great commercial cities of the inte- 
 rior. For the year ending Sept. 1, 1881, the approximate value of 
 all receipts was $274,651,218, and of all shipments was $271,973,776; 
 showing an increase over 1879 m receipts of over $50,000,000, and in 
 shipments of over $85,000,000. 
 
 Commercial Insurance Company of Cincinnati is one of the 
 oldest and most successful of the local insurance companies. It was 
 organized in 1838, with a capital of $100,000. The gross assets are 
 $236,583, making the surplus greater than the capital itself. The 
 dividends paid will average more than thirteen per cent. The presi- 
 dent, J. A. Townley, has been connected with this company for 
 nearly twenty-five years, first as secretary, and since 1875 as president; 
 succeeding M. L. Harbeson, who resigned his position after a service 
 of seventeen years. J. Wilson Johnston has been secretary since 
 1875. Office, 67 West Third Street. 
 
 Common Council, the. — The legislative branch of the city gov- 
 ernment is composed of a board of aldermen and a board of council- 
 men. It is presided over by the president of the board of aldermen, 
 and in his absence by the president of the board of councilmen. It 
 has no regular time of meeting, but can be convened any time by 
 call of three aldermen and five councilmen. The principal work of 
 the common council or joint session of the boards is the confirmation 
 of appointments made by the mayor, and the approval of official 
 bonds of city officers. Its meetings are held in the Council Chamber, 
 City Buildings. 
 
 Congregationalists. — Seventh-street Church, founded in 1847, 
 Seventh Street between Plum Street and Central Avenue. It was 
 formed by thirty-seven persons, who in 1S43 were at their own request 
 dismissed from the Second Presbyterian Church, and organized as 
 the George-street Presbyterian Church. In 1845 it entered the base- 
 ment of its present edifice, and then took the name of the Seventh- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 5 T 
 
 street Presbyterian Church. The corner-stone was laid July 16, 1845, 
 by Rev. Lyman Beecher, D.U. ; and the church was dedicated May 
 10, 1849, and has ever since been occupied by the same congregation. 
 In 1S46 action was first taken on the changing of the church disci- 
 pline; and in the following year a re-organization, under the name 
 of the First Orthodox Congregational Church, took place; but later 
 the name was changed to the Seventh-street Congregational Church. 
 For further information, see Churches. 
 
 Consuls of Foreign Countries. — Belgium, P. H. Hartmann, 
 53 West Second Street; Denmark, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Sec- 
 ond; France, Virgil Gilmore, no West Fourth; German Empire, 
 Dr. Ottmar von Mohl (consul for the States of Ohio, Indiana, Ken- 
 tucky, and West Virginia; secretary, G. G. Wolfram), 260 Vine; 
 Great Britain, R. Knight, 5 West Third ; Italy, Dr. R. W. Saunders, 
 north-west corner Fourth and Elm ; Netherlands, P. H. Hartmann, 
 53 West Second ; Norway, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second ; 
 Sweden, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second ; Switzerland, Jaques 
 Ritchie, 65 East Pearl. 
 
 Control, Board of. — The duties of this board are to supervise 
 the work of the county commissioners. It is composed of five mem- 
 bers elected by the people. They serve without compensation. The 
 present members are: Max Mosler, president; Theophilus Wilson, 
 Gazzam Gano, George Thompson, Maurice Bauer. 
 
 Corryville. — That portion of the 12th ward from the top of 
 Vine-street Hill to the Zoological Gardens, between Mount Auburn 
 and Burnet-woods Park. 
 
 Cotton is one of the staple articles for which Cincinnati is rapidly 
 becoming a great market. The value of the cotton-crop of the 
 United States is nearly 8250,000,000, of which this city receives about 
 $12,000,000; and a good portion of the latter sum is expended here 
 for merchandise of all kinds. There is no doubt that the receipts 
 at this market have very greatly increased since the Southern Rail- 
 road was completed. Cincinnati is on the line dividing the North 
 and South, and is conveniently situated between the producers and 
 the consumers. Moreover, the banks have the capital, and desire to 
 encourage this trade ; and the Cincinnati people, realizing its great 
 importance, do every thing possible to satisfy both shippers and 
 buyers. The aggregate receipts for the year ending Sept. 1, 1881, 
 were about 325,371 bales; an increase over the preceding year of 
 
V 
 
 LIpfiofAfcer^ ^Qepdrtment 1 . 
 
 Furniture CnvEringSj Lam tire quins , 
 Curtains; Etc.; 
 
 ARE TO BE FOUND IN LARGE VARIETY, INCLUDING 
 
 Turcomans, Raw Silks, Terries, Cotolines, 
 
 Spun Silks, Satin Damasks, Plain Satins, 
 
 Silk Brocatelles, Silk and Mohair Plushes. 
 
 And all the richest and most elegant novelties in Silk and Silk-and-Wool Draperies. 
 
 Lljsftofx&fery direfonneA, 
 
 In the choicest English and French designs. 
 
 iJumifure anc[ ©raperij ©TrimmincfAj 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 Fringes, Gimps, Cord, Loops, Borderings, Tassels, Pendants, and Upholstery 
 Hardware. 
 
 foaee ©urfainA. 
 
 A large stock of elegant patterns constantly on hand in all qualities and lengths. 
 
 MaferiafA for "feooAe (HoverA. 
 
 Jacquards, Fancy and Plain Linens, Linen Damasks, etc. 
 
 For private dwellings and stores receive our special attention. 
 
 ALL KINDS OF LETTERING DONE, AND ANY COLOR DESIRED CAN 
 BE FURNISHED. 
 
 fte ^oftn i)ftiPPifo ©ornpan^. 
 
 52 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 53 
 
 nearly 76,000 bales. The most prominent house in the cotton-trade 
 is J. H. Goodhart & Co., established in i860, whose office and large 
 warehouse is at Nos. 65 and 67 West Front Street. 
 
 Cotton Exchange, the Cincinnati, was established in 187 1, to 
 further the interests of the cotton-trade, to establish uniform rules 
 and usages, to adjust controversies between buyers and sellers, and 
 to secure co-operation in all measures thought advantageous to the 
 cotton-trade. The room occupied is one of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce rooms ; all members of the Cotton Exchange being also 
 members of the Chamber of Commerce. The dues are $5 a year, 
 in addition to the dues of the Chamber of Commerce. The presi- 
 dent is C. L. Greene of C. L. Greene & Co. 
 
 Councilmen, Board of. — The lower house of the Common Coun- 
 cil holds regular meetings on the first and third Fridays of every 
 month in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. It consists of two 
 members from each of the twenty-five wards, one being elected by 
 the voters of the ward each year at the spring election. L. L. Sadler 
 is president, and Charles Winkler vice-president. Following are the 
 names of the present members : 1st ward, W. A. Watkins, D. Black- 
 more ; 2d ward, James Rowe, Benjamin Eggleston ; 3d ward, William 
 B. Housman, Henry Wernke; 4th ward, Charles Jeffries, E. T. Har- 
 ley; 5th ward, Robert Callahan, Eugene Reynolds; 6th ward, Daniel 
 J. Dalton, J. W. Fitzgerald; 7th ward, John Reeder, F. A. Herr- 
 mann ; 8th ward, W. J. Alexander, John Russell ; 9th ward, J, B. 
 Menke, jun., George W. Draper ; 10th ward, J. Schrenker, Michael 
 Gramp; nth ward, C. F. Lohman, Charles Winkler; 12th ward, 
 Dave Billigheimer, I. J. Miller; 13th ward, Emil Ulm, John 
 Maegly; 14th ward, W. T. Marshall, A.dam Knorr ; 15th ward, 
 Maurice Bauer, H. Knuwener; 16th ward, Peter Fohmer, L. L. 
 Sadler; 17th ward, G. Lowenstein, Jos. M. Rice; 18th ward, Ed. 
 Hudson, George B. Cox; 19th ward, Jas. E. Broderick, John F. 
 Heekin ; 20th ward, Charles Steinan, W. N. Forbis; 2rst ward, 
 Frank Friend, George Kaiser; 22d ward, R. C. Rohner,' Phillip De- 
 Wold ; 23d ward, Jacob Ungehener, John Weyand ; 24th ward, A. 
 B. Engelbrink, F. Pfiester; 25th ward, J. C. Bruckman, Gabriel 
 Dirr. 
 
 County Infirmary, the. — On high ground north-east of Carthage. 
 The buildings are new and commodious. The paupers of Hamilton 
 County, outside the city, are there cared for. It can be reached only 
 
54 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 by private conveyance from Carthage. It is supported by taxation 
 upon the real and personal property in the county, outside of the 
 city. 
 
 County Jail, the, on Sycamore Street, between North and South 
 Court Streets, east of the Court House, is in charge of the sheriff 
 of Hamilton County. It is a massive stone structure. All of the 
 inside work, the cells, etc., are made of boiler-iron. 
 
 Court House of Hamilton County is on Main Street, at the 
 eastern terminus of Court Street. The structure is 200 feet square, 
 and four stories high. Besides the common pleas, district, superior, 
 and probate court rooms, it contains the offices of all the county 
 officers ; to wit, nine judges, the prosecuting attorney, clerks of the 
 courts, auditor, treasurer, sheriff, coroner, commissioners, solicitor, 
 board of control, board of equalization, fee-commissioners, recorder, 
 and the Law Library containing about 15,000 volumes. Notwith- 
 standing all these, the immense building is not all occupied, several 
 offices on Main Street and some back rooms remaining empty. 
 
 Courts. — See Law-Courts. 
 
 Covington is on the south bank of the Ohio River, opposite 
 Cincinnati, and connected with it by the Suspension Bridge. It is, 
 next to Louisville, the largest city in Kentucky, but it is practically 
 a suburb of Cincinnati. It comprises 1,350 acres, and has 32,000 in- 
 habitants. The principal building is the United-States Court House 
 and Post-Office, completed in 1879, at a cost of nearly $300,000. It 
 is in the Gothic style, and handsomely built of Indiana limestone 
 with Buena Vista sandstone trimmings. In its construction, mate- 
 rials from fifteen States, and five kinds of marble, were used. The 
 Odd Fellows' Hall is a good building. There are one high, four 
 district, and twelve Catholic schools and convents, and also 29 
 churches, classified as follows : 4 Baptist, 2 Christian, 1 Episcopal, 
 
 1 German Protestant, 1 German Reformed, 8 Methodist Episcopal, 
 
 2 Presbyterian, and 10 Catholic. The public library has 5,000 vol- 
 umes. There are four newspapers. Four lines of horse-cars traverse 
 the city; and all stop at Fountain Square, Cincinnati. 
 
 Cumminsville, formerly one of the suburbs, is four miles and a 
 half from Fountain Square, but now within the limits of the city, 
 and constitutes its 25th ward. Its name comes from one of the 
 pioneer settlers, who cultivated the ground on which the village 
 stands. The Catholic Orphan Asylum is located here, as well as 
 


Picturesque Cincinnati. 5 7 
 
 several large distilleries. Three steam-railroads pass through it, — 
 the Dayton Short-line, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and Mari- 
 etti and Cincinnati. Spring-grove Avenue and the Colerain Pike 
 also bisect it. The Avenue line of horse-cars passes through Cum- 
 minsville to Spring-grove Cemetery. 
 
 Custom House, the United States, is on the south-west corner 
 of Fourth and Vine Streets. The building belongs to the United- 
 States Government, and contains the custom-house, post-office, assist- 
 ant treasurer's office, and United-States courts. It is built of Buena 
 Vista freestone, in the Roman-Corinthian style. It is much too small 
 to supply the growing needs of the city; and the government has 
 now in course of erection a building into which all the departments 
 and courts above mentioned will be removed as soon as it is com- 
 pleted. (See Government Building.) 
 
 Cuvier Club, organized in 1874 for the protection of game and 
 fish and for social purposes, has a very fine collection of 3,000 pre- 
 served specimens of birds and fish. Its rooms, on Longworth Street, 
 are commodious, and, besides the large. display-room, include a small 
 library and reading-room. There are about 400 members, each pay- 
 ing Sio a year. Ladies and children can see the collections every day 
 from nine to one o'clock, free. Visitors at other times are to be 
 introduced by members. 
 
 Dayton, Ky., a suburb of Newport, opposite that part of Cin- 
 cinnati known as Pendleton, is largely inhabited by persons doing 
 business in the city. It is regularly laid out, the houses being for 
 the most part small and neat. Population about 1,000. Distance 
 from Fountain Square by the usually travelled route, three miles. 
 It can be reached by horse-car from the Esplanade. 
 
 Deaf Mutes, the School for, is in the Second Intermediate 
 School building, on Ninth Street, between Main and Walnut Streets. 
 The school was established in 1875, anc ^ was started with 12 pupils. 
 At the last session 32 pupils were in attendance, requiring the ser- 
 vices of two teachers. The method of instruction is by sign language 
 and the manual alphabet. Until recently it was supported wholly by 
 the city, but in 1879 tne State made an appropriation toward its 
 support. 
 
 Deer Creek, although almost lost to sight by being turned into 
 Eggleston-avenue Sewer, is yet a stream, especially after a heavy 
 rain. Its source is in the ravines of Mount Auburn, about three 
 
58 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 miles from its mouth. For the distance of a mile or more, the old 
 creek has been transformed into a sewer, and empties into the Ohio 
 immediately east of the Little Miami Depot. 
 
 Delhi, a suburb on the river, about nine miles west from Fountain 
 Square, is inhabited by persons doing business in the city, and by 
 farmers from the surrounding country. There are many elegant 
 private residences, churches, schools, and other public buildings. 
 Population, about 2,000. The village can be reached by river, the 
 Lower-river Road, and the Warsaw Pike. 
 
 Dental College. — See Ohio College of Dental Surgery. 
 
 Depots of Steam-railroads. — There are seven depots, into 
 which all inward trains enter. Below is a list of them, the names 
 being those by which they are most generally known : Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton, and Dayton depot, corner of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, 
 reached by the Third-street and by the Baymiller-street lines of 
 horse-cars. Kentucky Central depot, corner of Eighth and Wash- 
 ington Streets, Covington, Ky., reached by Covington lines of horse- 
 cars. Little Miami depot, corner of Front and Kilgour Streets, 
 reached by the Elm-street line of horse-cars. Ohio and Mississippi 
 depot, corner of Front and Mill Streets, reached by the Third-street 
 line of horse-cars. Plum-street depot, corner of Plum and Pearl 
 Streets, reached by Third-street line of horse-cars. Southern Rail- 
 road depot, corner McLean Avenue and Gest Street, reached by 
 Eighth-street line of horse-cars. Cincinnati Northern, Court above 
 Broadway, reached by the Avondale and Walnut-hills horse-cars. 
 Grand Central, Central Avenue and Third Street, reached by Third- 
 street line of horse-cars. 
 
 The following is the list of railroads entering Cincinnati, and the 
 depots into which they enter : Atlantic and Great Western, Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton depot; Cincinnati, Washington, and 
 Baltimore, Plum-street ; Bee Line (Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, 
 and Indianapolis), Grand Central ; Cincinnati and Eastern (Batavia 
 Narrow Gauge), Little Miami ; Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley, 
 Little Miami ; Cincinnati and Portsmouth, Little Miami ; Cincinnati 
 and Westwood (Narrow Gauge), Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton ; 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Day- 
 ton; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Hamilton, 
 and Dayton ; Cincinnati, Richmond, and Chicago, Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton, and Dayton; Cincinnati Southern, Southern Railroad; Cleve- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 61 
 
 land, Mount Vernon, and Columbus, Little Miami; College Hill 
 (Narrow Gauge), Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton ; Dayton Short- 
 line, Grand Central; Fort Wayne, Muncie, and Cincinnati, Grand 
 Central ; Grand Rapids and Indiana, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Day- 
 ton; Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Lafayette, Grand Central ; Kentucky 
 Central, Kentucky Central ; Little Miami (Pan-handle), Little Miami ; 
 Louisville Short-line, Little Miami ; Ohio and Mississippi, Ohio and 
 Mississippi ; Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, Little Miami ; White- 
 water Valley, Grand Central; Cincinnati Northern, Cincinnati North- 
 ern; Georgetown and Portsmouth, Little Miami; Chesapeake and 
 Ohio, Kentucky Central. 
 
 Dexter Hall. — See Music-hall and Exposition Building. 
 
 Dinner Sets. — Nothing lends an air of refinement to the family 
 dining-room more readily than exquisite table-linens. The John 
 Shillito Company now exhibit many new and beautiful designs in 
 double satin damask table-cloths, with napkins to match. The pat- 
 terns are the most artistic ever woven, and include arabesque, Mo- 
 resque, Egyptian, Greek, Alhambra, and many other curious designs. 
 All the choicest productions of the most celebrated Irish, Scotch, 
 English, French, and German looms are shown by this firm. 
 
 Dispensaries. — See Miami Medical College Dispensary, Ohio 
 Medical College Dispensary, Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, Wo- 
 men's Dispensary Association, City Physicians, and Ohio College of 
 Dental Surgery. 
 
 Distilleries, as well as the breweries, are among the most interest- 
 ing objects in Cincinnati. The amount of distilled and rectified liquors 
 manufactured in 1881 in this city reached 23,556,093 gallons, valued at 
 the almost incomprehensible sum of $28,267,314.60. Engaged in the 
 business, there are 85 distilleries and rectifying-houses, with an in- 
 vested capital of $4,180,000, giving employment to 900 hands, and 
 paying last year a revenue tax of $10,349,065.80. The largest of 
 these distilleries, and second largest in the world, is that of James 
 W. Gaff & Co., situated in the lower end of the city, between the 
 tracks of the Ohio and Mississippi, the Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and 
 Lafayette, the Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore, the Dayton 
 Short-line, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroads, and 
 about 100 feet from the Ohio River. The area of the distillery prop- 
 erty, including the stock-pens and adjuncts, is 16 acres; and it has a 
 frontage of 500 feet. The distillery has a capacity of 16,000 gallons 
 
62 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 a day, the pens for 4,000 head of cattle and 10,000 head of hogs ; and 
 the four-story bonded warehouse has storage-room for 30,000 barrels. 
 When running at the full capacity, the distillery employs nearly 100 
 hands. At 876 West Sixth Street is the large rectifying-house, where 
 the same firm rectify and compound every grade of liquors. Visitors 
 will be admitted, but only upon permits obtained at the office of J. W. 
 Gaff & Co., room 22, Pike's Opera House. 
 
 Drives. — The beautiful suburbs and excellent macadamized roads 
 which abound both within and without the city limits, east, west, and 
 north in Ohio, and southwardly in Kentucky, make it eminently 
 delightful for recreation by carriage or horseback. Perhaps the 
 finest drive in the city, where only one can be taken, is that which 
 leads via Hunt Street, through Avondale, past the Zoological Gar- 
 dens, through the Burnet-woods Park and Clifton, to Spring-grove 
 Cemetery, returning by Spring-grove Avenue, through Cummins ville, 
 to Fountain Square. This drive will occupy about three hours, and 
 is replete with magnificent scenery and elegant private residences 
 throughout its whole course. To those so inclined, a drive through 
 Spring-grove Cemetery, which is reached by the Avenue, is very 
 attractive. The drive may be continued on to College Hill, and a 
 return made by way of Clifton, Avondale, Walnut Hills, and Mount 
 Auburn, returning to the city by Sycamore Street. Another beauti- 
 ful drive is by the Harrison Pike, through Fairmount, to Cheviot and 
 Westwood. The Price's-hill drive is also delightful. The top of 
 the hill is reached by way of Eighth or Gest Streets, thence west to 
 Warsaw through a remarkably picturesque region, returning by the 
 Lick-Run Pike, through the villages of Lick Run and Fairmount. 
 There is a beautiful drive through Eden Park, via Gilbert Avenue. 
 Continued, this drive will lead through East Walnut Hills and Wood- 
 burn ; and a return can be made through Mount Auburn. The Car- 
 thage Pike leads through Mount St. Bernard, past Longview Asylum 
 to Carthage ; and a return can be made by Chester Driving Park, 
 Spring-grove Cemetery, and Cumminsville, by the Avenue. The 
 finest drive in Kentucky is by the Lexington Pike to Latonia Springs, 
 five miles south of Covington. These are only a few of the many 
 drives, and either will well repay its cost to citizen or stranger. 
 Carriage-hire varies in price, the average price being $1.50 per hour 
 for a hack carrying four persons; but the stranger would do well to 
 make his bargain beforehand, to avoid imposition and trouble. The 
 

 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 65 
 
 principal hack-stand is at the Custom House, one square from the 
 Esplanade, on Vine Street. The livery-stables charge for buggies 
 $4 a day, but on Sundays and holidays $5. 
 
 Druids, a mutual-benefit secret order, paying weekly benefits to 
 its sick members. There are about 500 members in the city. Their 
 assemblies are called "groves." Their principal hall is at No. 36 
 West Court Street, where four of the six Cincinnati groves hold 
 their meetings semi-monthly. 
 
 Duhme & Co.'s jewelry establishment is one of the mercantile 
 places in the city where anybody can profitably spend hours in see- 
 ing elaborate and costly works of art. Bronzes, statuary, gold and 
 silver goods, precious stones, and ornaments, displaying the most 
 exquisite skill and ingenuity, are here to be seen in an endless 
 variety. The firm was established in 1836, and is to-day probably 
 the most extensive manufacturers and dealers in their line in the 
 West, and surely one of the most trustworthy establishments in the 
 United States. Their stores are on the south-west corner of Fourth 
 and Walnut Streets. 
 
 East-End Garden, situated on the river-bank, at the eastern 
 extremity of Pendleton, near the depot of the Columbia and Mount 
 Lookout dummy Railroad, contains about 12 acres of ground, divided 
 by gravelled walks into lawns, flower-beds, poplar-groves, and an 
 orchard. It has been known by several different names. The pub- 
 lic house attached was for many years called Sportsman's Hall, and 
 the garden had the same name. Later it was Ohmer's Garden, named 
 after its proprietor, who converted it into a miniature zoological gar- 
 den. For several years past it has been known as the East-End 
 Garden. It was for many years a favorite place for picnics and 
 pleasure-parties, for which purposes it is still frequently used. It is 
 now known as Woodland Park. 
 
 Eclectic Medical Institute, organized in 1843, an d chartered in 
 1845, nas i ts building on the north-west corner of Plum and Court 
 Streets. The course of medical instruction is on the eclectic plan. 
 Students have the privilege of attending clinics at the Cincinnati 
 Hospital on payment of $5. 
 
 Economy in Time. — Our new cash system. Modern business 
 transactions have assumed such magnitude that it has become im- 
 portant that there be as little waste of time as possible upon each 
 detail. Of no business is this more true than of a large wholesale 
 
66 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 and retail dry-goods house such as ours. The system just adopted 
 reduces the time required to procure change, to a minimum, say forty 
 seconds, to any part of our large salesrooms, enabling us to wait on 
 customers with greater promptness than has been possible heretofore. 
 
 Eden Park, the largest of the city parks, contains 206 acres, all 
 improved except 25 acres. In the park are located the large reser- 
 voirs of the water-works. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills line of 
 horse-cars run through the park, and afford a pleasant ride and a 
 number of the finest views of the surrounding country. In the 
 Shelter House is a well-appointed restaurant, where the sale of 
 intoxicating liquors is prohibited. Eden Park was first .improved in 
 1872, and has already cost $450,000. It is situated a mile east of 
 Fountain Square, and is reached both by the Gilbert-avenue route of 
 horse-cars, and the Mount-Adams and Eden-park Inclined Plane, 
 with its connections. Open at all times, free. 
 
 Education, the Board of, has exclusive control of the public 
 schools, and is composed of one member from each of the twenty- 
 five wards of the city, and twelve members at large. It meets every 
 alternate Monday night in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. 
 Howard Douglass is president, and Robert G. Stevenson, clerk. 
 The office of the board is in the Public Library Building. Following 
 are the names of the present members : 1st ward, II. J. Buntin ; 2d 
 ward, H. P. Boyden ; 3d ward, James O'Kane ; 4th ward, Daniel 
 Finn; 5th ward, Thomas McLaughlin; 6th ward, Jno. F. McCarthy; 
 7th ward, John Keck ; 8th ward, David A. Alexander ; 9th ward, F. 
 S. Spiegel ; 10th ward, Gustav R. Wahle; nth ward, J. II. Charles 
 Smith; 12th ward, George Emig; 13th ward, George Kreh; 14th 
 ward, Philip Kiehborth ; 15th ward, John II. Walker; 16th ward, 
 John B. Callahan; 17th ward, Louis Kramer; 18th ward, James 
 Brown; 19th ward, Anton Weber; 20th ward, W. H. Adams; 21st 
 ward, Wooster B. Morrow ; 22d ward, H. M. Merrell ; 23d ward, 
 Henry Behrens; 24th ward, Jacob E. Cormany; 25th ward, Charles 
 A. Miller. Members at large : Thomas E. Matthews, William S. 
 Thornton, Frank Ratterman, A. S. Babbitt, Howard Douglass, Fran- 
 cis Ferry, Harry D. Crane, George Twachtman, J. F. McCarthy, 
 Joseph Moses, Thomas Lee, W. A. Hopkins. 
 
 Eighth-street Parks are simply two open improved squares, ex- 
 tending on Eighth Street from Vine to Elm Streets, and cover a site 
 originally intended for a market-place. 
 
• 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 69 
 
 Elections. — Under the laws of Ohio, two general elections are 
 held each year : one, the first Monday in April, at which municipal 
 officers are chosen; the other, the second Tuesday in October, at 
 which the officers of the county, of the State, and of the United 
 States, are elected. 
 
 Elm-street Club, the. — Organized by George Moerlein, and 
 originally composed of brewers and men connected with brewing 
 interests. . Its growing influence in politics attracted many local 
 politicians of both parties to the club, and it is now as much a 
 political machine as it is a social club. There are about 250 mem- 
 bers. The initiation-fee is $5, and the dues $6 a year. The club has 
 suitable rooms at 672 Elm Street. 
 
 Embroideries. — We have throughout the Old Testament con- 
 stant mention of embroidery. The curtains wrought with needle- 
 work, in Exodus, the virtuous woman clothed in tapestry, of the 
 Proverbs, and the king's daughter in raiment of needlework, in the 
 Psalms, plainly show how much the art was appreciated by the Jews. 
 The ancient Greeks highly esteemed it. Minerva, goddess of wis- 
 dom, took it under her special patronage. Cut-work came into uni- 
 versal use in the sixteenth century, and from this was derived the 
 origin of lace. The linen grave-cloths of St. Cuthbert, as described 
 by an eye-witness to his disinterment in the twelfth century, were 
 ornamented in this manner. Elegant patterns can be procured from 
 The John Shillito Company. 
 
 Emery Arcade, one of the largest in the world, extends from 
 Vine to Race Streets, between Fourth and Fifth. It is a passage 400 
 feet long, protected from the weather by a glass roof. Along the 
 sides are shops of all kinds, and the Hotel Emery; and at the Vine- 
 street entrance is the Arcade Bookstore. 
 
 Enterprise Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincinnati 
 has its office in its own building, 82 West Third Street. The build- 
 ing, in the late Xorman-Gothic style, is one of the finest business 
 structures in the city, and is four stories in height above the base- 
 ment. It contains twenty-two large rooms, many of them being very 
 choice offices ; and the upper floors are reached by two staircases 
 and an hydraulic passenger-elevator. The Enterprise Insurance 
 Company was organized in 1865; and from that time the management 
 has been characterized by a degree of liberality and skill that has 
 won it friends everywhere. Jan. 1, 1882, the paid-up capital was 
 
7° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 $200,000; the total assets, $271,301; the liabilities, including the 
 reserve for re-insurance, $110,151 ; and the net assets, $161,150, The 
 president, John W. Hartwell, has been in the insurance business in 
 this city longer than any other person now engaged in it, and has 
 been president of this company since 1869. The secretary is James 
 W. McCord. 
 
 Equalization, the Boards of, are for hearing complaints, and 
 equalizing the valuation of all real and personal property ; but they 
 cannot reduce the value of real property below the aggregate value 
 as returned by the assessors. There are seven of these boards r 
 viz., The Annual County Board, having jurisdiction over the prop- 
 erty in each county outside of cities of the first and second class, 
 and composed of the county commissioners and county auditor. 
 The Animal City Board, having jurisdiction over property of cities 
 of the first and second class, and composed of the county auditor and 
 six citizens. This board meets at the auditor's office on the fourth 
 Monday of May. Annual State Board for Banks, composed of the 
 State auditor, treasurer, and attorney-general, who equalize the shares 
 of incorporated banks, and meet on the third Tuesday of June. 
 Annual State Board for Railroads constituted as above for equaliz- 
 ing the valuation of property of railroad companies. Decennial 
 County Board, composed of the county auditor, surveyor, and com- 
 missioners ; who meet on the Tuesday after the first Monday of 
 September, 1880, and every tenth year thereafter. They have power 
 to equalize the valuation of property, outside of cities of the first 
 and second class, as returned by the district assessors. Decennial 
 City Board, composed of the county auditor and six citizens, who 
 have the same powers in cities of the first and second class as the 
 county board have in their jurisdiction. Decennial State Board meet 
 on the first Tuesday of December, 1880, and every tenth year there- 
 after, and consist of as many members as compose the State senate. 
 They are elected by the electors of each senatorial district, and have 
 power to reduce or increase the value of property as returned by the 
 county auditors, provided such increase or reduction shall not exceed 
 twelve and a half per cent. 
 
 Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, and Fairmount, is in 
 the twenty-fourth ward, where the Harrison-avenue Bridge crosses 
 Mill Creek. There is a small depot near the bridge. The Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton, and Dayton, the Cincinnati, Washington, and Balti- 
 

Picturesque Cincinnati. 73 
 
 more, the Westwood Narrow-gauge, and the Dayton Short-line roads 
 all stop their accommodation-trains at this station. 
 
 Esplanade, the, is situated in the centre of Fountain Square. 
 The Tyler-Davidson Fountain springs from the centre of it. The 
 Esplanade is a raised structure 28 inches above the crown of the 
 street. It is oval in form, extending the entire length of the square, 
 400 feet, and is 60 feet in width. The outer rim, and the steps ap- 
 proaching it, are made of hewn Quincy granite. The floor is made 
 of Buena Vista sandstone, smooth dressed, and laid in diamond and 
 circular designs. Within the granite rim, at distances of 20 feet, is a 
 row of thrifty young sycamore-trees. Between, the trees, around the 
 entire structure, are ornamented bronze gas posts and lamps, which 
 are lighted every night. The cost of the Esplanade was $75,000. 
 Unless otherwise stated, the distances given in this book are calcu- 
 lated from this point. All the horse-cars pass by or close to it. 
 
 Etching Club, formed March, 1879, Dr. Daniel S. Young, presi- 
 dent, meets every second Saturday, at four p.m., at the studio of H. 
 F. Farney, Room 62, Pike's Opera-House Building. Dues nominal. 
 Members use the press in the studio for taking impressions of their 
 etched plates. 
 
 Exposition, the Cincinnati Industrial, is an annual exhibition 
 of arts, manufactures, agriculture, mining products, and other indus- 
 tries, foreign and domestic. These annual expositions are public 
 institutions, guaranteed by subscriptions, and are in no sense a pri- 
 vate speculation. They are managed by a board of fifteen commis- 
 sioners appointed by the Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Trade, 
 and the Ohio Mechanics' Institute ; and the officers for 1883 are W. 
 W. Peabody, president; Hugh McCollum, vice-president; Benjamin 
 E. Hopkins, treasurer ; and W. H. Stewart, secretary. The first six 
 expositions of the present series were held in a building erected for 
 the National Saengerfest in 1870, on the site of the present Music- 
 hall and Exposition Building. The first exposition was held in 1870, 
 and followed a successful textile-fabric exhibition held in 1869. The 
 textile-fabric exposition was originated and managed by James H. 
 Laws, and was the first of its kind in this country. From 1870 to 
 1875 inclusive, the expositions were held in the same building; but 
 in the latter year the old building was thought unsafe, and conse- 
 quently abandoned. At this time Reuben R. Springer came forward 
 with his munificent plan for a combined Music-hall and Exposition 
 
74 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Building. An interval of four years elapsed before the completion 
 of the new buildings ; but delay had only increased the enthusiasm 
 for their resumption, and the seventh exposition and subsequent ones 
 were held in the largest and most beautiful and suitable permanent 
 buildings of this kind in the United States. The average attendance 
 on the first six expositions was, in round numbers, 500,000 persons. 
 The expositions are self-supporting, and are secured by a guaranty 
 fund of $100,000 each year. There are eight acres of exhibiting-space 
 in the building. Very liberal premiums are offered in all departments 
 open to competition. Special excursion-trains make frequent trips on 
 the railroads entering the city, carrying passengers at half rates, and 
 often at round-trip rates much less. The expositions open as nearly 
 as possible on the 10th of September each year, and last one month. 
 Admission, 25 cents. Elm-street cars pass the doors, Vine-street and 
 John-street cars close by. (See Music Hall.) 
 
 Express Companies, the chief, are : the Adams, 57 West Fourth; 
 the American, 118 West Fourth; the Baltimore and Ohio, 59 West 
 Fourth; Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore, 59 West Fourth; the 
 Ohio and Mississippi, 59 West Fourth; the United-States, 122 West 
 Fourth. 
 
 Expressmen's Aid Society, organized in 1874, is a co-operative 
 life-assurance association ; H. B. Plant, St. Louis, president. 
 
 Fairmount, formerly a suburban village, but now within the 
 corporation, forming a part of the 24th ward, is on the west bank 
 of Mill Creek, opposite Ernst Station. The Harrison Pike and 
 Lick-run Pike pass through the village. It is surrounded by high 
 hills, on the summit of one of which is the old Baptist College, now 
 transformed into a German club-house, and called the " Schutzen- 
 platz," from which a charming view of the city and surrounding coun- 
 try in all directions can be had. The Westwood Narrow-gauge 
 Railroad has a terminus here. 
 
 Farmers' College originated in Pleasant-hill Academy, founded, 
 and conducted for twelve years, by F. G. Cary, as a private enter- 
 prise. It was opened in 1833, with four pupils, in the residence of 
 Mr. Cary. It prospered constantly, and during the first twelve years 
 almost 1,200 young men were educated there. In the winter of- 
 1846-47 the academy was incorporated as the " Farmers' College ; " 
 and a substantial building, 120 feet front by 48 feet deep, was erected 
 on a tract of four acres on College Hill. Mr. Cary was elected presi- 
 
Walnut Street, from Esplanade. 
 

Picturesque Cincinnati. 77 
 
 dent. The institution is now divided into two departments, — the col- 
 lege department, comprising the following courses : the classical of 
 four years, the philosophical of four years, the scientific of three 
 years, the ladies' classical of three years, and the teachers' course of 
 one year ; and the preparatory department, fitting boys and girls for 
 the college department. The college is a Protestant institution, but 
 is not at all sectarian. There are two terms, of twenty weeks each, 
 beginning Sept. 3. In the year 1881-82 there were in the whole col- 
 lege 97 students. Lowe Emerson is president of the college, and 
 Miss Abby A. Judson principal of the preparatory department. 
 
 Ferries. — Since the completion of three bridges over the Ohio, 
 the ferries have lost most of their former business. The usual fare 
 for pedestrians is two cents ; but the ferries make half-hourly trips 
 between midnight and daylight, during which time the fare is five 
 cents. There are now four lines, as follows : Anderson's Ferry, six 
 miles down the river, and used principally by Kentucky farmers 
 bringing their produce to market ; Covington Ferry, with its Cincin- 
 nati landing at the foot of Central Avenue ; Ludlow Ferry, starting 
 from the foot of Fifth Street, and landing at the eastern limit of 
 Ludlow, Ky. ; and the A T ewport Ferry, with its landing in this city 
 at the foot of Lawrence Street. Skiffs and small craft carrying pas- 
 sengers at reasonable rates are available at all places on the river from 
 Columbia to Riverside. 
 
 Fertilizer Company, the Cincinnati, has its sheds on the Ohio 
 and Mississippi and Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago 
 Railroads, six miles west of the city, on the river-bank. By a con- 
 tract with the city this company gathers and consumes all the gar- 
 bage, offal, and dead animals found within the city limits. These are 
 manufactured into a fertilizer, soap-grease, bone-dust, etc., and shipped 
 to the South, East, and to Europe. The enterprise is quite profitable, 
 both to the city and the Fertilizer Company. 
 
 Fire-Department, the, of Cincinnati, is acknowledged to be 
 one of the best equipped and most efficient in the world. It was the 
 first paid steam fire-department in this country, and was organized 
 in 1853. It consists of 18 steam-engines, 1 hand-engine, 1 chemical- 
 engine, 5 hook-and-ladder companies, all in use, beside 2 steam- 
 engines in reserve, 40 hose-reels, 34,250 feet of hose, 95 horses, and 
 a total of 154 men. During the year 1882 there were 435 alarms, 
 with losses aggregating only $734,074, and insurance of $449,392. It 
 
yS Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 is managed by a board of five commissioners, appointed by the 
 mayor, and confirmed by the Common Council. The fire-marshal is 
 Joseph Bunker, who has been connected with the fire-department 
 since 1854. The headquarters are on the south side of Sixth, between 
 Vine and Race Streets. (See Cisterns.) 
 
 Firemen's Insurance Company of Cincinnati, incorporated in 
 1832, has always maintained a. leading position among the local 
 insurance companies. The corporation was formed by a subscription 
 of stock by the fire-engine companies of the city. The first president 
 of the company was George W. Neff, who managed its affairs until 
 his death in 1850. He was succeeded by Josiah Lawrence, at whose 
 death in 1852 Henry E. Spencer, who had been mayor of the city four 
 consecutive terms, from 1843 to 1851, was elected, and continued presi- 
 dent until his death, a period of over 27 years. George McLaughlin 
 is now president, having succeeded Mr. Spencer after many years 
 service as secretary. Its dividends in the last 25 years have averaged 
 18 per cent per annum ; and in one year (1863) tne casn dividends 
 paid the stockholders amounted to 41 per cent. 
 
 First Congregational (Unitarian) Church was incorporated in 
 1830. The society has been administered to, and has had its pulpit 
 occupied at various times, by many distinguished persons, among 
 whom were Revs. John Pierpont, William H. Channing (during 
 whose stay the congregation was spoken of as " the Church of the 
 Christian Brethren "), James H. Perkins, Horace Mann, James Free- 
 man Clarke, Henry W. Bellows, Theodore Parker, Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson, Abiel A. Livermore, Moncure D. Conway, C. G. Ames, 
 John Weiss, Samuel Longfellow, Robert Collyer, Thomas Vickers^ 
 and C. II. Wendte. The society prospered harmoniously until 1859, 
 when the preaching of Mr. Conway created a decided opposition to 
 him. The opponents formed "the Church of the Redeemer," and 
 bought the Universalist Church, corner of Mound and Sixth Streets. 
 The First Society worshipped in various places until, in Mr. Vickers's 
 ministration, the church was built on the north-east corner Plum and 
 Eighth Streets. In 1875 a re-union of the two congregations took 
 place under the pastor, C. H. Wendte; and since then the building 
 has been modernized and the membership increased. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church. — The history of this church runs 
 parallel with that of the city, or rather is inseparably interwoven with 
 it. The three pioneer settlers of this vicinity were all members of 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 81 
 
 the Presbyterian Church, and, in laying out the plan of their future 
 city, did not forget its claims. They set aside for its use a plat of 
 ground occupying the south half of the square bounded by Main and 
 Walnut and Fourth and Fifth Streets, on part of which the present 
 church is built. Until 1793 tne congregation worshipped on this 
 ground, " with no dome but the canopy of heaven, no aisles but the 
 majestic trees of the ancient forest, and no carpet but the green- 
 sward." In this year, through the exertions of James Kemper, their 
 first regular minister, a meeting-house was erected, "a substantial 
 frame building, about 40 feet by 30, enclosed with clapboards, but 
 neither lathed, plastered, nor ceiled. In that humble edifice the 
 pioneers and their families assembled for public worship, and dur- 
 ing the continuance of the war they always attended with loaded 
 rifles by their side." About a quarter of a century after, this struc- 
 ture was removed, and a brick church built in its place ; and this in 
 turn was replaced in 1851 by the beautiful edifice that now stands on 
 the old site. It is said to have the highest steeple in the country ; 
 viz., 285 feet. Very little of the spacious grounds it once owned has 
 been retained by the church ; and little by little the land, including 
 the burial-ground, has been sold, until now the church is surrounded 
 by business blocks. The membership is between 200 and 250; F. 
 C. Monfort is pastor. 
 
 Flower-Mission. — Formed by ladies of the city and suburbs to 
 supply the sick poor with flowers, sent, chiefly by ladies residing 
 outside the city proper, to the Young Men's Christian Association 
 Building, where they are arranged, and afterwards distributed to the 
 patients in the hospitals, by ladies who meet weekly for this purpose. 
 This is one of the most unostentatious yet useful of the many local 
 charities. 
 
 Foresters, Independent Order of, is an organization having 
 weekly sick-benefits and an insurance feature; $1,000 being paid to 
 the family of a deceased member, and $5 per week during sickness. 
 The lodges are called " courts," of which Cincinnati has seven; each 
 having an average of 50 members. Annual dues, $3 ; each death 
 assessment, Si. 
 
 Fort Washington, a block-house and large enclosure of pickets, 
 was erected about 1790 for the early settlers of Losanteville (now 
 Cincinnati), and dignified by the name of Fort Washington. It was 
 intended for a protection against the savages, and was large enough 
 
82 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 to contain the entire population, with provisions to stand a siege. 
 It was directly opposite the mouth of the Licking River, on high 
 ground, the village then lying on the plateau toward the river. The 
 fort stood, according to the testimony of the oldest inhabitants, on 
 Third Street, between Broadway and Ludlow Street, extending south- 
 ward almost to Columbia or Second Street. After standing a few 
 years it was dismantled, and the site soon afterward covered with build- 
 ings, the ground having been subdivided by the government, and sold. 
 
 Fountains. — See Tyler-Davidson Fountain. 
 
 Fountain Square. — The square between Walnut and Vine, on 
 Fifth Street, the site of the old Fifth-street Market-house, and the 
 present site of the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson Fountain. The 
 street in this square, and the one adjoining it on the east, which is 
 occupied by the government buildings now in course of erection, is 
 sixty feet wider than the remainder of Fifth Street, having been 
 designed for, and for fifty years or more occupied by, a market-house, 
 which was in the middle of the street. Both sides of the square 
 are lined with handsome business-houses. Every line of horse-cars 
 passes by or within one block of this square. Its location in the 
 heart of the business portion of the city, and its general accessibility, 
 have led the publisher to adopt it as the point from which most of 
 the distances mentioned in this work are computed. 
 
 Friends. — There are two churches, one known as the Hicksite 
 Congregation, Fifth, between Central Avenue and John; and the 
 other as the Orthodox Congregation, Eighth and Mound. 
 
 Fry's Carving-School is over William Wiswell's art-store, No. 
 70 West Fourth Street. It is conducted by Henry L. Fry, assisted 
 by his son William H. Fry, and granddaughter Laura Ann Fry. 
 Some of the most exquisite wood-carving ever executed in this coun- 
 try is that by the parties just named. The three generations are 
 masters in their line .of work; and the last generation promises best 
 of all, for Miss Fry has already shown extraordinary skill and taste 
 in wood-carving, drawing, and modelling. The Frys did a large 
 part of the elaborate carving in Henry Probasco's residence in Clif- 
 ton, and of the casement of the great organ in Music Hall. Instruc- 
 tion is given daily from ten a.m. to four p.m.; terms, $10 per month 
 for lessons two days each week. Art-furniture of all kinds is also 
 made to order, and many specimens of the handiwork of this family 
 are to be found in various parts of the United States. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 83 
 
 Fulton. — That portion of the city on the river-front lying south- 
 east of Eden Park at the foot of the hills, commencing at the Little 
 Miami Railroad depot, and extending north-east to Pendleton. It 
 comprises a portion of the 4th ward. The Elm-street horse-cars and 
 the Little Miami Railroad traverse the district. Fulton is built on 
 both sides of East Front Street, which, after crossing Washington 
 Street, is known as Eastern Avenue. 
 
 Furniture Exchange. — Established in the interest of manufac- 
 turers of furniture throughout the United States, and of persons 
 engaged in kindred branches of industry. It occupies room No. 16, 
 Johnston Building. 
 
 Garden of Eden. — This was the name of a portion of the 
 ground now occupied by Eden Park when it was the property of 
 the late Nicholas Longworth, and it is still so called by many old 
 residents. Much of the ground was formerly used as a vineyard, 
 and a large proportion of the grapes used in the wine manufactured 
 by Mr. Longworth was cultivated on its sunny hillsides. 
 
 Gas. — The Cincinnati Gas-light and Coke Company is the name 
 of a joint-stock corporation having a monoply in supplying the city 
 with illuminating gas. It was established in 1841, and, by contract 
 with the city, was granted the exclusive right to lay gas-mains in the 
 streets for a period of twenty-five years. At the expiration of that 
 period the city had the privilege of buying the works at a fair valu- 
 ation, but preferred to extend the original privileges to the company 
 for ten years, the price of gas to consumers being largely reduced by 
 the terms of the extension. Gas is now furnished to citizens at $1.60 
 per thousand cubic feet. It is made of the best quality of second- 
 pool Youghiogheny, or Pittsburg bituminous coal, and is of seventeen- 
 candle power. The office of the company is in an elegant five-story 
 freestone building, south-west corner of Fourth and Plum Streets. 
 The works are on the river-front, between Smith and Mill Streets. 
 Two hundred miles of street-mains are in use ; the longest main 
 extending eight miles to Carthage, from which a branch reservoir is 
 supplied to light that village. The streets of the city are lighted by 
 6,000 street-lamps, under control of the company. The amount of 
 gas manufactured yearly is 500,000,000 cubic feet. Of this, thirteen 
 and a half per cent is lost by leakage and other waste. The invested 
 capital of the company is $4,250,000. Value of the works and appur- 
 tenances estimated at $6,000,000. Gen.. Andrew Hickenlooper is 
 president. 
 
84 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 German Protestant Orphan Asylum has its building in Mount 
 Auburn, on Highland Avenue, opposite the Widows' Home. It 
 was established in 1849, arj d ^ s under control of a board of trustees 
 chosen from the various German Protestant denominations, and is 
 supported chiefly by an endowment-fund, contributions, and by sub- 
 scriptions from nearly 1,000 members. The building is a red brick 
 of three stories and a basement, and is quite commodious. The 
 grounds contain seven acres, well cultivated. Separate from the 
 main building, there is also a large dining-hall used every spring and 
 autumn for a festival which is sometimes attended by 20,000 people, 
 each of whom is expected to donate something. The receipts at 
 one of these festivals have amounted to $10,000. The provisions 
 used at the festivals are donated and prepared by ladies. Children 
 having one parent living are admitted if the father is or was a mem- 
 ber in good standing. The average number of inmates is about 100. 
 At a proper age, children are placed in families, or to learn a trade ; 
 and a boy or a girl at eighteen years of age receives $100. There are 
 branches of the society in Covington and Newport. 
 
 Germania Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Cincin- 
 nati was organized in 1864. I ts casn capital is $100,000, and assets 
 $150,676. Up to 1879 it na d paid cash dividends of $108,000, being 
 an average of twelve per cent a year. The president is Peter A. 
 White; the secretary is D. B. Meyer, who has been assistant secre- 
 tary or secretary since its organization ; and the assistant secretary is 
 Charles A. Farnham. Office, 27 West Third Street. The Germania 
 is one of the few local companies doing an agency business, and has 
 now about thirty agencies in Ohio and Michigan. 
 
 Gibson House, on the north-west corner of Fourth and Walnut 
 Streets, for many years has been, and is to-day, one of the most 
 popular of the hotels in Cincinnati. In size it is the largest in the 
 city, and for cleanliness in every department it cannot be surpassed 
 by any in this country. The hotel has 300 well-furnished rooms, and 
 has accommodated 880 persons at one time. In 1873 tn e whole 
 exterior and interior were remodelled ; and now the Gibson House 
 is one of the most imposing blocks in Cincinnati. In 1879 the hotel 
 was re-frescoed and refitted, and is now in excellent condition through- 
 out. It is probably the most conveniently situated of the large hotels, 
 and all lines of horse-cars pass either by or close to the house. The 
 terms are $2.50 and $3' a day, the hotel being kept on the American 
 plan. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 85 
 
 Globe Insurance Company of Cincinnati was organized, under 
 the general insurance laws of Ohio, in 1865. The cash capital paid 
 in was 552,700. Up to July 1, 1879, tne Globe had paid $297,138 for 
 fire-losses ; 8194,572 for cargo-losses ; $77,683 for hull-losses ; and 
 $2,778 for flatboat-cargo losses ; making a total payment of $572,171 
 for losses. The balance of its capital stock of $100,000 and its 
 surplus of $26,944 have been earned by the company ; and, in addi- 
 tion to this, $159,000, free of taxes, had been paid to the stockholders 
 for dividends ; making the total earnings amount to $214,844. S. F. 
 Covington, the president, has been connected with the Globe since 
 its organization, and was its first secretary. The present secretary is 
 B. F. Clemons. Solomon Levi and Samuel J. Hale have been direct- 
 ors of the company from the beginning. The Globe bought its 
 office building, No. 68 West Third Street, in 1865. 
 
 Good Fellows, Ancient Order of. — There are fifteen lodges of 
 this order within the limits of Cincinnati and suburbs ; the member- 
 ship being mostly composed of Germans, or citizens of German 
 descent. The lodges will average about seventy members each. Sick 
 members receive benefits of $5 per week. 
 
 Good Samaritan Hospital is a noble charity. The building is 
 delightfully situated on the south-east corner of Sixth and Lock 
 Streets, on the Mount-Adams slope. It was built by the United- 
 States Government for a marine hospital, but was never used for 
 that purpose. During the late war it was a soldiers' hospital ; and 
 after the close of the war the property, which is said to have cost the 
 government about $500,000, was bought by Lewis Worthington and 
 Joseph C. Butler for $75,000, and given to the Sisters of Charity, one 
 branch of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul. There are accommo- 
 dations for 175 resident patients. Diseases of all kinds are treated. 
 The donors stipulated that one-half of the beds should be open to 
 the poor if calls were made for them ; and now from 300 to 500 
 charity patients are cared for each year in the hospital. Sister 
 Anthony, who has lived in Cincinnati for forty-three years, and has 
 been connected with the hospital for twenty-two consecutive years, 
 says that she feels compelled to receive any one who comes there, — 
 a resident or stranger, with or without money, and of any religious 
 belief. A number of parties have given $3,000 or more, with which 
 sum a " free bed " is founded. It is hoped ultimately to make the 
 hospital free ; but at the present time there are various charges for 
 
86 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 the different kinds of accommodations afforded. There is a free 
 dispensary connected with the hospital. Visitors are admitted at 
 any hour of the day. Horse-cars, Baymiller-street line. 
 
 Government Building, the United-States, now in course of 
 erection on the north side of Fifth Street, between Main and Walnut, 
 will contain the post-office with its auxiliary departments, the custom- 
 house, the United-States courts, the assistant treasurer's office, and 
 other government offices. It is a massive structure in the Renais- 
 sance style, of five superimposed orders, and built of granite from 
 Maine and Missouri. Its dimensions are 354 feet by 164 feet, four 
 stories and mansard roof above the sidewalk, and basement and 
 sub-basement below. The ground cost $700,000, and the structure 
 will cost over $5,000,000. The superintendent of the construction is 
 S. Hannaford. 
 
 Government of the City is vested in the mayor, common coun- 
 cil, board of public works, board of sinking-fund commissioners, 
 board of fire-commissioners, board of education, and police-court. 
 All other departments are subordinate to these, and these to each 
 other. The mayor, comptroller, city solicitor, city treasurer, and city 
 infirmary directors, members of common council, members of board 
 of public works, members of board of education, police-court judge 
 and clerk are elected by the people. The other officers are appointed 
 as follows : The sinking-fund commissioners, by the courts ; the fire- 
 commissioners, superintendent of police, and rank and file of police, 
 by the mayor ; the city engineer and subordinates, the superintendent 
 of water-works and subordinates, and superintendent of street clean- 
 ing and repairs, by the board of public works ; the members of board 
 of health, wharfmaster and register, city weigher, and city clerk, by 
 the common council. The city-infirmary directors have charge of 
 and appoint overseers of poor ; the board of health appoints district 
 physicians, sanitary police, and market-masters. The board of *edu- 
 cation has entire charge of the public schools and the Public Library. 
 The fire-commissioners have exclusive control of the fire-department, 
 and appoint the officers and members thereof. The police-court has 
 final jurisdiction of all offences against the laws and ordinances, the 
 punishment for which is not confinement in the penitentiary. In the 
 latter cases it is merely an examining court. The Cincinnati Hospi- 
 tal is managed by a board of seven trustees, appointed by the courts, 
 of which board the mayor is ex officio a. member. The House of 
 

Picturesque Cincinnati. 89 
 
 Refuge is managed in the same manner. The workhouse is in 
 charge of a board of five directors, one of whom is appointed each 
 year by the mayor, and confirmed by the common council, to serve 
 five years. The University board consists of eighteen members, who 
 serve six years, three being elected each year. The common council 
 is simply a legislative body, and appoints none but its own officers. 
 
 Grand Hotel, the Cincinnati, is one of the finest hotels in this 
 country, and one of the grandest buildings in this city. It was built 
 by a joint-stock company, whose prime object was to provide Cincin- 
 nati with a hotel strictly first-class in every respect. The building, 
 six stories above the sidewalk, is of . Ohio freestone, and contains 
 300 guest-rooms. It fronts 175 feet on Fourth Street, and 200 feet 
 on Central Avenue ; but a part extends through to Third Street, a 
 distance of 400 feet. The rotundas and corridors are among the 
 grandest in this country : the main rotunda, 100 feet square, is prob- 
 ably the largest in any hotel in the world. Throughout the building 
 the furniture and appointments are of the choicest and most expen- 
 sive kind. Every requisite of a first-class modern hotel is found at 
 the Grand. The whole property is valued at $1,000,000. The hotel 
 was opened in 1874, and has ever since been conducted by the lessees 
 and proprietors, Gilmour & Sons, who had previously been the pro- 
 prietors of the Eutaw and St. Clair Hotels at Baltimore. The Grand 
 is conveniently situated, and is on the American plan; the terms 
 being $3 and $4 a day. 
 
 Grand Opera-House, north-west corner of Longworth and Vine 
 Streets, main entrance on Vine, gallery entrance on Longworth 
 Street. The auditorium is on the ground-floor; seating capacity, 
 2,300. There are six proscenium boxes, a gallery, balcony, dress- 
 circle, and parquette. The means of egress are the most perfect of 
 any theatre in the city : besides the regular modes of exit, there are 
 six large windows on each side of the auditorium, reaching down to 
 the floor, which can easily be pushed open outward, on the one side 
 into Longworth Street, and on the other into an alley between the 
 theatre and the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. The Opera-House is 
 devoted to opera and the drama, Robert E. J. Miles being the lessee 
 and manager. Only first-class performances are given. The regular 
 dramatic season begins in September, and closes in April. Admis- 
 sion to dress-circle, 75 cents; parquette, $1.00; balcony, 50 cents; 
 gallery, 25 cents; reserved seats, 25 cents extra. The Opera-House 
 is half a minute's walk from Fountain Square. 
 
90 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Greenwood Hall, in the third story of the Ohio Mechanics' In- 
 stitute building, south-west corner of Sixth and Vine Streets, and 
 named in honor of Miles Greenwood, who superintended the con- 
 struction of the building, and was for several years president of the 
 Institute, is a commodious hall, with side-room conveniences, and is 
 largely used for balls, concerts, and travelling entertainments. 
 
 Grocers' Exchange is an association of wholesale grocers, who 
 meet at the call of the president to discuss matters of interest to the 
 trade. Its monthly meetings are held in the rooms of the Board of 
 Trade and Transportation. Dues, $25 a year. Bradford Shinkle is 
 president. 
 
 Gymnasiums. — See Cincinnati Gymnasium, and see Turnverein. 
 
 Hacks. — Stands : No. 1, on the west side of Broadway, between 
 Front and Second Streets ; No. 2, on the south side of Fifth, be- 
 tween Main and Sycamore ; No. 3, on the east side of Walnut, 
 between Gano and Seventh ; No. 4, in the centre of Fifth, between 
 Main and Walnut ; No. 5, on the west side of Vine, between Fourth 
 and Baker ; No. 6, on the west side of Vine, between Third and 
 Pearl, southwardly from Pearl 100 feet; No. 7, on the south side of 
 Sixth Street, between Plum and Elm Streets. Ordinances: Section 
 7. — Driver to exhibit Card. — The driver shall hand to each adult pas- 
 senger in his coach, before a bargain for his services is made, a card 
 whereon shall be printed in a clear, legible manner, the number of 
 his coach, the name of the owner and driver, and the rates of fare. 
 Sect. 8. — Rates of Fare. — The rates of fare for carrying a single 
 passenger shall not exceed the following rates : where no bargain is 
 made, it shall not be more than 50 cents; in all cases, children over 
 ten years of age half-price ; under that age, free. Each passenger 
 may have a trunk conveyed without additional charge, but must pay 
 for every additional trunk 25 cents, and for all other articles occupy- 
 ing a seat, weighing over thirty pounds, 25 cents each. 
 
 Halls, Public. — Scattered throughout the city, there are more 
 than a hundred public halls used for general purposes. Among the 
 most important are Greenwood Hall, Sixth and Vine; Melodeon Hall, 
 Fourth and Walnut ; College Hall, Walnut, between Fourth and Fifth ; 
 Apollo Hall, Sixth and Walnut; Eureka Hall, Ninth and Walnut; 
 Geyer's Assembly Rooms, Court Street, between Main and Walnut; 
 Mozart Hall, Vine and Longworth ; Women's Christian Temperance 
 Union Hall, 115 West Sixth; Young Men's Christian Association 
 Hall, Sixth and Elm. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 91 
 
 Hamilton County, of which Cincinnati is the county-seat, exclu- 
 sive of the town-lots, contains. 213,000 acres. It has fifteen town- 
 ships ; viz., Anderson, Cincinnati, Colerain, Columbia, Crosby, Delhi, 
 Green, Harrison, Miami, Millcreek, Spencer, Springfield, Sycamore, 
 Symmes, Whitewater. The villages in the county are Camp Denni- 
 son, Montgomery, Loveland, Reading, Sharon, Runyan, Evendale, 
 Lockland, Carthage, Wyoming, Scott, Harrison, Cleves, North Bend, 
 Warsaw, Delhi, Cheviot, Avondale, Clifton, Ludlow Grove, Oak- 
 land, Winton Place, College Hill, Sharpsburg, St. Bernard, Linwood, 
 Madisonville, Pleasant Ridge, Crance, Plainville, Mount Carmel, 
 Newtown, California, Mount Washington, Riverside, Mount Airy, 
 Hartwell, Glendale, Home City. Hamilton County is in the south- 
 west corner of Ohio, between the Great and Little Miami Rivers. 
 In round numbers there are over 50,000 voters in the county, showing 
 a population of over 350,000. 
 
 Harrison Pike connects with Harrison Avenue at the bridge over 
 Mill Creek, at Ernst Station. It passes north through Fairmount, 
 winding around one of the high hills in gaining the summit, and then 
 takes a westerly course, passing through a lovely country, where 
 almost every sunny slope is a vineyard, to Cheviot, and thence west 
 to the village of Harrison, from which the pike takes its name. The 
 road is well macadamized, and furnishes one of the many delightful 
 drives out of the city. 
 
 Hartwell is an incorporated village, about ten miles north of 
 Fountain Square. It is named after John W. Hartwell, who was 
 vice-president of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad at 
 the time the station was located. It is a neat village, with a popula- 
 tion of about four hundred, having a Methodist church and a graded 
 school, and is the home chiefly of Cincinnati business-men. The 
 Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis, and the Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroads have depots in the village. 
 
 Harvard is a word familiarly used to signify Harvard College or 
 Harvard University. Although the University is situated in Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., about a thousand miles from Cincinnati, still, as there 
 are many of its graduates and undergraduates here, the name Harvard 
 has become quite familiar. The college has for several years held 
 examinations for admission simultaneously at Cambridge and Cin- 
 cinnati, so that persons not desiring to go East can try the examina- 
 tions in this city. The alumni have formed a club, known as the 
 
92 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Harvard Club, with the purpose of retaining the community of feel- 
 ing shared while in college, and of working unitedly whenever any 
 interest of the college is to be advanced. There are about a hun- 
 dred graduates of the university in this city, and they hold many 
 important professional and business positions ; about a third being 
 lawyers, and a fourth being physicians. The club gives an annual 
 dinner. 
 
 Health of Cincinnati, the, judged by the death-rate in propor- 
 tion to population, as compared with other large cities where accurate 
 records are kept, is a theme for congratulation. Estimating the 
 population of the city at 280,000, — the basis on which such calcula- 
 tions have been made for a number of years past, — the mortality of 
 1878 was in the proportion of 17.23 per thousand, or one in every 
 58.05 inhabitants. This places Cincinnati in the foremost rank of 
 the healthful populous centres of the United States. 
 
 Hebrew Relief Association elects annually a board of directors, 
 who meet every Sunday morning at the south-west corner of Fifth 
 Street and Central Avenue to give weekly pensions to the poor, 
 especially widows and people unfit for work, and also to aid tran- 
 sient poor from other cities. About $9,000 a year are donated for 
 these purposes. The association is composed of Israelites, and Joe 
 Zeiler is president. 
 
 Hebrew Union College. — Founded in 1875 by the union of 
 American Hebrew congregations, governed by a board of governors; 
 B. Bettmann of Cincinnati being its presiding officer. It has two de- 
 partments, — 1, preparatory; 2, collegiate, — each of four years. Stu- 
 dents in the preparatory must simultaneously attend the classical 
 course of the high school, and those in the collegiate department 
 must attend the academical course at the University of Cincinnati, if 
 they enter for the degree of rabbi. The subjects taught are the 
 Jewish literature, theology, and history, Semitic philology, preparing 
 for the Jewish pulpit, and professorships in Semitic philology. The 
 semesters open annually the first Monday in September and Febru- 
 ary. Tuition free, books free, no religious or other test. The first 
 collegiate class opened Sept. 1, 1879, the other classes to be added 
 year after year: the preparatory is complete. In the year 1878-79 
 there were twenty-three regular students and twelve extra hearers. 
 The sessions for regular students are held daily at four p.m.; for 
 students in Semitic languages, daily at five P.M. The college is on 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 93 
 
 Sixth Street, -west of Cutter. A number of students receive stipends 
 from Si 50 to S400 a year, provided by the collections of Hebrew 
 ladies' societies throughout the country. The president is M. Loth. 
 
 Heuck's Opera-House. — On the north-west corner of Vine and 
 Thirteenth Streets, the best of the " Over-the-Rhine " amusements, 
 under the management of its proprietor, after whom the building is 
 named. A dramatic company is kept, and the performances are 
 principally of the comedy and variety order. The seating capacity 
 of the auditorium, which contains a parquette, dress-circle, and gal- 
 lery, is 1,500. There are entrances on Thirteenth Street, and through 
 the beer-saloon on Vine Street. Beer, wine, liquors, and cigars are 
 allowed ; and each chair is fitted with a little bracket on which to 
 rest the glasses. Admission ranges from 15 to 50 cents. The Vine- 
 street cars pass the door. 
 
 Hibernia Hall. — South-east corner of Ninth and Plum Streets, 
 second story. The A. O. U. W. Hall is on the floor above. It is 
 the meeting-place of the various Irish societies, notably the Ancient 
 Order of Hibernians and the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. It is 
 also rented for balls, assemblies, lectures, and political meetings. 
 
 Hibernians, Ancient Order of. — A mutual-benefit secret order of 
 Irishmen, governed by a central division, to which subordinate divis- 
 ions send delegates. The executive officers of each local division 
 form the executive council of the central division, by which all bene- 
 fits are dispensed. There are four local divisions in the city, three 
 of which, as well as the central body, meet at Hibernia Hall. 
 
 Highland House and Belvedere, the newest and by far the 
 most fashionable of the unique hill-top resorts, is situated on Mount 
 Adams. The attractions at this delightful place are unsurpassed, and 
 never fail to draw forth the most enthusiastic admiration of visitors. 
 The halls, restaurant, bowling-saloon, billiard-room, ladies' reception- 
 room, and parlor are decorated and furnished in a costly manner. 
 The views from all parts of the house and grounds, and especially 
 from the esplanade, belvedere, and balconies, are as grand as any in 
 this locality. The Ohio River, spanned by three magnificent bridges, 
 the romantic beauty of the Kentucky hills, the picturesque scenery of 
 the Licking valley, the charming landscape of Eden Park, together 
 with a full view of Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport, form a 
 panorama of the grandest and most varied character. Connected 
 with the Highland House is a ladies' riding-school and pony-track. 
 
94 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 In the belvedere and on the grounds various entertainments take 
 place; and on Tuesday and Friday evenings, until Oct. i, the Theo- 
 dore Thomas orchestra concerts are given here. At the concerts the 
 admission is twenty-five cents, but at other times free, unless other- 
 wise advertised. The Highland-house property is owned by a stock- 
 company, of which G. B. Kerper is president. Horse-cars. — Sixth 
 and Baymiller Streets run direct ; and on all other lines of the Con- 
 solidated Street-railroad Company, tickets to the Highland House 
 are sold, and the passengers transferred at Walnut Street. 
 
 Hilltops, the. — A name given generally to the elevated ground 
 forming the boundary of three sides of the city, before its encroach- 
 ments on adjacent territory. They form a semicircle about the lower 
 levels, the east-and-west diameter of which is three miles, and the 
 north-and-south radius a mile and a half. They have an average 
 elevation above the Ohio River of four hundred feet ; reaching higher 
 at many points, but seldom lower than that figure. They are broken 
 only by Deer Creek and Mill Creek on the north, and Lick Run on 
 the west. They are now covered with elegant private residences, 
 public institutions, and places of public resort. The summit is 
 reached in all directions by the four inclined-plane railways. 
 
 Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, College Build 
 ing. Library of 7,500 volumes and 30,000 pamphlets. Museum of 
 historical curiosities. It has 83 members. Terms, $10 a year, $100 
 for life; corresponding and honorary members not charged. Meet- 
 ings, first Saturday evening of each month. Open from ten a.m. to 
 one p.m., except Sundays. Visitors welcome. 
 
 Home of the Friendless. — An institution having for its object 
 the reclamation of abandoned women. It is managed by ladies 
 connected with the various Protestant denominations of the city 
 The building is on the south side of Court Street, between Central 
 Avenue and John Street, is four stories in height, and can accommo- 
 date about 150 inmates. Commitments of young and incorrigible 
 girls, who are on the road to ruin, are sometimes made from the 
 police-court, when they are too old to enter the House of Refuge 
 These are kindly cared for, although the Home has no authority to 
 detain them. An average of 500 women and abandoned infants find 
 temporary quarters in the Home each year. 
 
 Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, the Cincinnati, corner Seventh 
 and Mound Streets. All kinds of cases treated free. There are 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 95 
 
 three departments, — the medical, the surgery and diseases of women, 
 and the eye and ear. Consultation, nine to eleven a.m.; dispensary 
 open from two to four p.m. daily. 
 
 Hopkins Park is named in honor of a former dry-goods merchant, 
 L. C. Hopkins, who gave the city the three-fourths of an acre that 
 the park contains. It is situated on the brow of Mount Auburn, at 
 the head of Sycamore Street, and south end of Auburn Avenue. 
 
 Horse-Cars. — Fountain Square is the horse-car centre of Cin 
 cinnati ; the cars of all the lines below the hills passing it in their 
 route, with the exception of the Third-street and Eighth-street lines, 
 which pass within a square's distance. On almost all lines a single 
 fare is five cents : tickets in packages of six, four cents each ; or 
 twenty-five for a dollar. On route 9, single fare is four cents ; twenty- 
 five tickets for ninety cents. Route 9 tickets are not taken on the 
 other lines : all other tickets are good on either line. Transfer 
 tickets are given, without extra charge, on all West End lines, to 
 persons desiring to go as far west as Spring-grove Avenue or 
 Brighton Station, a change of cars being made at Coleman Street. 
 Through tickets, including two Bottom lines, one Inclined-plane and 
 one Hill line, are sold on the cars for ten cents. Single fare on the 
 inclined planes, five cents. The following is a list of the various 
 lines, with their routes; the most popular name of the route being 
 given. 
 
 Avenue line. — See Cumminsville and Spring-grove line. 
 
 Avondale line. — Starting from Fourth and Walnut Streets, thence 
 north on Walnut to Fifth Streets, east to Broadway, north to Hunt 
 Street, north-eastwardly to Montgomery Road, following same to 
 Reading Road, and thence to Clinton-springs Avenue in Avondale; 
 returning by same route to Fourth Street and Broadway, thence west 
 to starting point. 
 
 Baymiller-street line start from the corner of McLean and Harri- 
 son Avenues, south on McLean to Western Avenue, south-east to 
 Liberty, east to Baymiller, south to Sixth, east to Vine, south to Fifth, 
 east to Lock, south to Third, west to Lawrence, north to Fourth, west 
 to Elm, north to Sixth, thence west and north by double track to 
 place of beginning. 
 
 Clifton line start from top of Clifton Inclined Plane, north to 
 Calhoun, east to Vine, north to Hammond, east to Carthage Pike, 
 north to Zoological Gardens, Burnet Woods, and Clifton. 
 
9 6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Covi)igton lines. — There are two lines to Covington, all starting 
 from the Vine-street end of Fountain Square, south on Vine to 
 Front, east to suspension-bridge, which they all cross. 
 
 Cumminsville and Spring-grove Avenue line start from stables Har- 
 rison and McLean Avenues, thence south on McLean Avenue to 
 Western Avenue, thence south-east to Liberty Street, east to Free- 
 man Avenue, south to Clark, east to Central Avenue, south to 
 Twelfth Street, east to Walnut, south to Fourth Street, west to Vine 
 Street, north to Twelfth Street, thence returning by double track to 
 Spring-grove Avenue, and northwardly on said avenue to Cummins- 
 ville, connecting at Knowlton's Corner with cars running direct to 
 the gate of Spring-grove Cemetery;' returning by double track to the 
 place of starting. 
 
 Eden-park and Walnut-hills line 'Start from Fourth and Vine Streets, 
 north on Vine to Fifth, east to Mount-Adams Inclined Plane, north- 
 wardly through Eden Park over a trestle-bridge 454 feet long and 
 by Gilbert Avenue to Curtis Street, east to Kemper Lane, north to 
 McMillan, east to Park Avenue, north to Chestnut; returning by 
 same routes. 
 
 Eighth-street line start from west end of Eighth Street, east on 
 Eighth to Central Avenue, south to Fourth, east to Main, north to 
 Sixth, west to Elm, north to Eighth, west to place of beginning. 
 
 Elm-street line start from East-end Garden in Pendleton, west on 
 Eastern Avenue to Washington and Third, thence on Third to Mar- 
 tin, thence to Pearl, west to Broadway, north to Fourth, west to Elm, 
 north to McMicken Avenue ; returning on Elm to Fifth, east to 
 Broadway, south to Pearl, east to Front, and continuing by Front 
 and Eastern Avenue to place of beginning. Connection is made at 
 the East-end Garden with the Columbia and Mount-Lookout steam 
 dummies. 
 
 Freeman-street line. — Same as Seventh-street line. 
 
 Gilbert-avenue line. — Same as Walnut-hills line. 
 
 John-street line start from Fourth and Main, west on Fourth 
 to John, north to Findlay, west to Baymiller, north to Bank, west to 
 Coleman, north to Central Avenue ; returning east and south on Cen- 
 tral Avenue to Fifth, east to Main, and south to Fourth. 
 
 Liberty-street line. — Starting from Fourth and Main Streets, west 
 on Fourth to Elm Street, north to Liberty Street, west to Freeman 
 Avenue, north to Central Avenue, west to Colerain Avenue, thence 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 97 
 
 northwardly to Centre Street in Camp Washington: returning by 
 same route to Freeman Avenue and York Street, thence east on 
 York Street to Linn Street, south to Liberty Street, east to Elm 
 Street, south to Twelfth Street, east to Vine Street, south to Fifth 
 Street, east to Main Street, and south to Fourth Street. 
 
 Main-street line start at Fifth and Main, north on Main to Inclined 
 Plane, from the summit of which north on Locust to Mason, east on 
 Mason to Auburn, and north on Auburn and Washington Streets to 
 Zoological Gardens ; returning by same route to Main and Court, 
 west on Court to Walnut, south to Fifth, and east to Main. 
 
 A T eioport line start from the Walnut-street end of Fountain Square, 
 east on Fifth to Broadway, south to Pearl, east to the Louisville 
 Short-line Railroad Bridge, thence across the bridge to Newport, 
 making connection with the Bellevue and Dayton steam dummy. 
 
 Riverside and Sedamsville line start from Eighth-street and Walker 
 mill Road, south on the latter to Lower River Road, and west to 
 Riverside ; return by same route. 
 
 Seventh-street line cars start from Fourth and Vine, north on Vine 
 to Seventh, west to Freeman, north to Bank, west to Coleman, north 
 to Central Avenue, east to Freeman ; returning, south on Free- 
 man to York, easL to Linn, south to Ninth, east to Walnut, south to 
 Fourth, west to Vine. 
 
 Sixth-street line. — Same as Baymiller-street line. 
 
 Third-street line start from Third and Lawrence, north on Law- 
 rence to Fourth, west to Smith, north to Fifth, west to Freeman, 
 north to Sixth, west to Mill-Creek Bridge ; returning by the same 
 route to Fifth and Wood, south on Wood to Third, and east to 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Vine-street, or Route g, start from Vine-street end of Fountain 
 Square, north on Vine to McMicken Avenue, thence north-west to 
 Mohawk Bridge, connecting with cars on Brown Street ; thence north- 
 wardly to Cliff Street ; returning by same route. 
 
 Walunt-hills line start from Fourth and Walnut, north to Fifth 
 east to Broadway, north to Hunt, east via Effluent-pipe Street to 
 Gilbert Avenue, north to Walnut Hills ; returning by Gilbert Avenue 
 to Broadway, south to Fourth, and west to Walnut Street. 
 
 Horticultural Society, the Cincinnati, has been established 
 about thirty-six years. At its rooms, 180 Main Street, meetings are 
 held every Saturday, when topics of interest to horticulturists and 
 
98 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 agriculturists are discussed, and specimens of fruit exhibited. The 
 membership is about six hundred. 
 
 Hospital for Contagious Diseases (popularly known as the 
 " Pest House)/' A branch of the Cincinnati Hospital, located in an 
 isolated tract of ground in Lick-Run Valley, in the vicinity of the 
 Potter's Field, or pauper burying-ground. The house is new and 
 commodious, and has accommodations for about a hundred patients. 
 It is designed for the treatment of small-pox and other contagious 
 diseases. A physician and corps of nurses are employed, the former 
 at a salary of $50 per month. 
 
 Hospitals. — See Cincinnati Hospital, Good-Samaritan Hospital, 
 St. Mary's Hospital, Jewish Hospital, Hospital for Contagious Dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Hotels. — The principal hotels are the Burnet House, Third and 
 Vine Streets; Crawford House, Sixth and Walnut Streets; Gibson 
 House, Fourth and Walnut Streets; Grand Hotel, Fourth Street 
 and Central Avenue; Hotel Emery, Vine, between Fourth and Fifth; 
 Hunt's Hotel and Dining-Rooms, Vine, between Fourth and Fifth , 
 St. James, Fourth and Hammond Streets , St. Nicholas, Fourth and 
 Race ; Walnut-street House, Walnut, between Sixth and Seventh , 
 Palace Hotel, Sixth and Vine. 
 
 Hotel Emery is on Vine Street, between Fourth and Fifth 
 Streets, but has its entrance in the Emery Arcade. It was opened 
 in November, 1877, and has 175 guest-rooms, all well furnished. It 
 is one of the newest, largest, and best-kept hotels in the city, and is 
 conducted on both the European and American plans. On the 
 European plan the prices of rooms range from $1 to $2.50 per day, 
 and meals are served in the hotel restaurant at moderate prices. On 
 the American plan the terms are $3 and $4 per day. 
 
 House Decorations and Upholstery. — Interest in home beau- 
 tifying has lately grown in importance, until the family that has not 
 ail or part of the house decorated to some degree, in conformity with 
 the demands of modern aestheticism, is considered poorly off indeed. 
 Different varieties and degrees of taste are manifest in these attempts, 
 and the effect is more or less complete as the parties possess a greater 
 or less degree of culture or refinement. That this should be so is 
 natural, the more so when we consider that no matter what degree 
 of taste the person may have, not having made a study of the subject 
 in its most minute details, the general effect must be incomplete and 
 
Hughes High School. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 101 
 
 unsatisfactory. The irresistible conclusion, then, is that in house 
 decorations, one should go to that person or firm best qualified to 
 accomplish the desired end in the most pleasing and artistic manner ; 
 and to such persons desiring a reliable house, none can be more con- 
 scientiously recommended than The John Shillito Company, where 
 will be found a competent corps of artists in this branch, whose 
 taste and experience can be relied upon to produce the most gratify- 
 ing results. 
 
 House of Refuge. — A house of correction for incorrigible and 
 criminal youth of both sexes, between the ages of eight and sixteen 
 years. The building is situated in Camp Washington, on the Cole- 
 rain Pike, three miles and a half from Fountain Square. The build- 
 ings are of blue native limestone, with window-caps and cornices of 
 white limestone. It is four stories in height, besides the basement, 
 and has a frontage of 227 feet. There are now about 500 inmates, 
 four-fifths of whom are boys. They are given the rudiments of a 
 general education, including music, and are taught useful trades. 
 Incorrigible children are committed from the police-court. The term 
 of confinement lasts during the minority of the child. The annual 
 cost to the city, by which the Refuge is maintained, is about 
 $50,000. 
 
 Hughes High School. — Named in honor of its benefactor, 
 Thomas Hughes, who left the bulk of his fortune by will to the city, 
 for the purpose of founding a high school. The building is situated 
 on Fifth Street, opposite the beginning of Mound Street, and was 
 built in 1853, at a cost of $25,000. It is a massive building, and in 
 architectural beauty is worthy of the city. The average attendance 
 of pupils is about 500. Pupils must reside in the district west of 
 Central Avenue and south of Clark Street. 
 
 Hunt's Hotel and Dining-Rooms, on the east side of Vine 
 Street, between Fourth and Fifth, is one of the most widely known 
 places of its kind in this city. The restaurant is exceedingly popu- 
 lar, and is one of the most commodious in the West. The prices 
 are low, and the cuisine is good. This restaurant, in the oyster-sea- 
 son, has the largest oyster-trade in the city. The hotel has a hundred 
 rooms, and is conducted on the European plan ; the prices of rooms 
 ranging from 50 cents to Si a day. The proprietors are C. B. Hunt 
 & Co. 
 
 Imports. — The imports from foreign countries, through this and 
 
102 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 other ports, show a very marked increase over preceding years. The 
 total value of goods imported in 1882 aggregated $1,966,361 in com- 
 parison with $1,497,262 in 18S1 ; $1,092,366 in 1880; and $964,614 in 
 1879 ! being an increase of more than 31 per cent above those of 188 1, 
 80 per cent above 1880, and 103 per cent above 1879. A glance at 
 these figures shows a healthy and most gratifying condition of busi- 
 ness, and indicates that Cincinnati is making rapid strides towards 
 the front rank among ports of entry, and that her merchants are 
 more largely and generally than ever before making their purchases 
 and imports direct from markets abroad. These facilities guarantee 
 lower prices, and larger varieties of goods in this market. Jobbers 
 and retailers can now make their purchases virtually at their doors, 
 saving the expense and fatigue incident to long journeys to distant 
 markets, at one time necessary to obtain supplies of goods. 
 
 Inclined Planes. — There are four of these popular and useful 
 elevators in the city, — one in the western, one in the eastern, and 
 two in the northern parts. All land their passengers on the heights 
 about four hundred feet above the level of the river. Clifton Inclined 
 Plane is at the intersection of McMicken Avenue and Elm Street. 
 The Elm-street and the Vine-street horse-cars lead directly to it; and 
 at the top is the Bellevue House, where connection is made with 
 horse-cars for Mount Auburn, Corryville, Zoological Gardens, L>ur- 
 net-woods Park, and Clifton. Mount- Adams and Eden-park Inclined 
 Plane is on Lock Street, about a hundred feet south of Fifth Street. 
 The Baymiller-street line of horse-cars pass the foot of the plane ; 
 and when special attractions are offered at the Highland House, 
 which is situated at the head of the plane, cars from various parts 
 of the city are run direct to the Inclined Plane. At the Highland 
 House connection is made with the Eden-park, Walnut-hills, and 
 Avondale lines of horse-cars. Mount-Auburn Inclined Platte is at 
 the head of Main Street, and is reached by the Main-street line of 
 horse-cars. The Lookout House is at the top of the plane, and 
 horse-car connection is there made with the Mount-Auburn line for 
 the Zoological Gardens. Prices-hill Inclined Plane begins at the 
 foot of Eighth Street, where it intersects the State Avenue. This 
 is the only one of the inclined railways that has a double track and 
 double set of machinery. — one for pedestrians, and the other for 
 horses and vehicles. The Eighth-street horse-cars stop at the foot 
 of the plane. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 103 
 
 Inclement Weather 
 
 HAS NO TERRORS FOR THOSE WHO ARE PROVIDED WITH 
 
 GOSSAMER ULSTERS, 
 
 CIRCULARS, OR COATS; 
 
 Complete assortment of sizes in qualities impervious to rain can be 
 had at prices ranging from $i.i2 l / 2 to $7.50. 
 
 THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY, 
 
 Manufacturers' Agents eor the South and South west. 
 
 India Shawls, or, as they are known by the trade, Valley-Cash- 
 mere shawls, can be seen in large variety in the salesrooms of The 
 John Shillito Company. Cashmere is a province of Northern India, 
 separated from the kingdom of Thibet by the Himalaya Mountains, 
 and was formerly included in the Sikh Dominion, a part of the 
 Lahore 'Monarchy. In 1846 it was erected by Great Britain into a 
 separate state, and placed under a native ruler. Among other curi- 
 ous manufactures of Cashmere is that of shawls; and the delicate 
 wool of which the finest are made is the produce of a species of 
 goat of the adjoining country of Thibet. These shawls, for fineness 
 of fibre and depth of coloring, have attained a world-wide reputation. 
 
 Insane Asylum. — See Longview Insane Asylum, and see Sani- 
 tarium. 
 
 Insurance Companies. 
 
04 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 
 
 
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pURNITURE D EPARTMENT - 
 
 IN CONNECTION WITH OUR UPHOLSTERY DEPARTMENT WE SHOW A LARGE 
 VARIETY OF FINE FURNITURE, EMBRACING 
 
 Suits, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Different Styles and Woods, 
 
 ALSO 
 
 Large Assortment of Odd or Single Pieces 
 
 IN NUMEROUS STYLES. 
 
 Vienna Bent Wood, Rattan, 
 
 AND 
 
 Reed Furniture, 
 
 IN THE VARIOUS COLORINGS, ALWAYS IN STOCK, AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 
 
 Re-covering and Re-upholstering a Specialty. 
 
 WE ARE PREPARED TO FURNISH PRIVATE RESIDENCES THROUGHOUT,— 
 
 Carpets, Draperies, Furniture, etc. 
 
 DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED WHEN REQUESTED. 
 
 Competent Workmen execute all Orders with Despatch. 
 
 The John Shillito Company. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 113 
 
 Inwood Park. — A name given to the old Shoenberger homestead, 
 on Vine Street, about half way up the Vine-street Hill. The grounds 
 contain fourteen acres, and are used for picnics, balls, and pleasure- 
 parties. The surface is diversified with hills and ravines. It has all 
 the necessary appurtenances for dancing, swinging, and athletic exer- 
 cises, besides a wine and beer house and restaurant. The most con- 
 venient way of reaching the park is by the Mount-Auburn Inclined 
 Plane. A bridge 1,100 feet in length spans the principal ravine 
 between the Lookout House and Inwood Park. 
 
 Jewish Congregations. — Brotherly Love, purely Germans, occu- 
 pies a brick building, dedicated by Rabbi I. M. Wise in 1867. It i s 
 situated on the corner of John and Melanchthon Streets, and its seat- 
 ing capacity is 400. Membership, 60 families. Children of Israel, 
 Reformed; founded in 1830. The present building, south-east corner 
 of Eighth and Mound Streets, known as the Mount-street Temple, is 
 in a modified Gothic style. It was finished in 1868, at a cost, it is 
 said, of $150,000. Seating capacity, 1,200; membership, 200 families; 
 rabbi, Raphael Benjamin. Children of Yeshnrum, Reformed, founded 
 in 1844. The present building, south-east corner of Eighth and Plum 
 Streets, known as the Plum-street Temple, completed in 1866, is one 
 of the most unique and costly church structures in Lhe city. It is in 
 the pure Moorish style, elegantly furnished and decorated, and with- 
 out the ground is said to have cost $275,000. Seating capacity, 1,540; 
 membership, 240 families ; rabbi, Isaac M. Wise. K. K. Adath Is- 
 rael, Polish, corner of Walnut and Seventh Streets; membership, 60 
 families ; rabbi, Henry Kuttner. Orthodox Polish, of an old creed ; 
 worship in a small room on the south-west corner of Eighth Street 
 and Central Avenue. Sherith Israel, founded in 1856; worship on 
 Lodge Street, between Sixth and Seventh. Membership, 80 families; 
 rabbi, S. H. Epstein. 
 
 Jewish Hospital, the, founded in 1847 f° r the benefit of sick Israel- 
 ites only, was originally located on Betts Street and Central Avenue. 
 It was removed to the present building, corner of Third and Baum 
 Streets, in 1863. It contains two wards, one for male and one for 
 female patients, besides a dozen rooms for pay-patients. The wards 
 will accommodate about thirty persons. 
 
 Kindergartens. — Since Friedrich Froebel began to successfully 
 teach infants by means of a class of schools named kindergartens, 
 there have sprung up, throughout Europe and America, many schools 
 
114 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 based upon the same methods and adopting the same name. In 
 many American cities, such as New York, Boston, St. Louis, and 
 Philadelphia, kindergartens have been made an important branch of 
 the public-school system; while in many -other cities kindergartens 
 have been established by individuals and educational institutions. 
 In Cincinnati there are no kindergartens connected with the public 
 schools ; but there are five of them in a flourishing condition, one 
 conducted by Miss Helene Goodman, another by the Cincinnati Wes- 
 leyan College, a third by Miss Lizzie Beaman, a fourth by Miss 
 Katherine Dodd, and a fifth by the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. Miss 
 Goodman's kindergarten is the best known, and occupies part of the 
 first floor of Miss Nourse's school-building, 166 West Seventh Street, 
 where the rooms are lofty, well ventilated, neatly furnished, and so 
 arranged that the little children are made quite comfortable while 
 being amused and taught their first lessons. Miss Goodman was a 
 pupil of Madame Krauss of New- York City, and established her 
 kindergarten in this city in 1875. Since that time she has enthusi- 
 astically devoted herself to her work, and in so doing has had the 
 hearty support of influential citizens. 
 
 Knights of Pythias. — A secret benevolent order, similar in 
 character to the Masons and Odd Fellows. The members are uni- 
 formed, and make a handsome display on parade. There are fifteen 
 lodges and one division in Cincinnati. Their principal armories are 
 at the north-west corner of Sixth and Walnut, and the south-west 
 corner of Eighth Street and Central Avenue. Total membership esti- 
 mated at 1,500. 
 
 La Belle Riviere is the name given by the French to the Ohio 
 River. 
 
 Landmarks and Historical Places. — The pioneers built log 
 houses for defence and shelter, but they were only of a temporary 
 character. A few small-windowed two-storied houses yet remain of 
 those built in the second period of houses in this city; all without 
 special interest, except one on the south side of old Congress Street, 
 east of Lawrence, and known as Rose Cottage. Here lived Judge 
 Daniel Symmes, and after him Nicholas Longworth. While living 
 at Rose Cottage, Judge Symmes built in 181 2, on the south side of 
 Congress Street, near Lawrence, a stone house, which after Judge 
 Symmes's death was occupied by Peyton S. Symmes, and was for a 
 long time the centre of social interest in the city. The walls are 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. ik 
 
 built of limestone taken from the bed of the river; and the roof is 
 a high gable, slanting toward the street, with an attic-room in the 
 peak, and without a dormer window. The hall is on the west side ; 
 and it is deep and broad, with a handsome staircase in the rear. The 
 ornamentation on the woodwork is quite elaborate and interesting. 
 Doubtless in its day it was one of the finest houses in this region ; 
 although it is by no means the oldest now standing, nor has it the 
 most historical interest. The St. Clair House, shut in from the 
 streets by later buildings, stands in the block bounded by Seventh, 
 Eighth, and Main Streets, and St. Clair Alley. The date of its 
 erection is unknown, and there is a doubt whether it was built by 
 Gen. St. Clair or by his son. From the records of real-estate trans- 
 fers, it seems to have been built in 1806, and tradition says by the 
 general. The walls are of brick brought from Pittsburg ; and the 
 door-step is a huge block of sandstone, said to be the first piece of 
 this kind of stone used for that purpose in the city. The house has 
 a hall through the centre, with doors in front and rear, and a series 
 of rooms built on each side, forming a semi-court at the back. The 
 staircase is wide, and the stairs of easy ascent. The old house, hid- 
 den from sight and almost forgotten, is still in good condition, and 
 the walls complete ; and it is one of the points of great local interest. 
 The " Bazaar " is the most curious, and, architecturally speaking, the 
 oddest old landmark, in the city. It stands on the south side of 
 Third Street, just east of Broadway. In 1829 Mrs. Frances Trollope 
 thought to revolutionize the trade and society of the growing town, 
 so she built a house where pleasure and business should be com- 
 bined. Her efforts were without effect, and the old structure looks 
 as if it had been dropped from some other country among uncongen- 
 ial mates. The design of the facade is nondescript. There are three 
 high windows, reaching over two stories ; and the windows have a 
 half Gothic, half Moorish effect, which is not altogether displeasing. 
 There is an iron balcony running across the front below the cornice. 
 Here were held the Fourth-of-July celebrations and the annual balls 
 of the early times. 
 
 The element of the population that held Virginia traditions built, 
 between 1825-30, several fine houses in the semi-classical style ; the 
 oldest being the Key's House, where Charles McMicken lived, and 
 a part of which may yet be seen in front of the University of Cin- 
 cinnati building. It is on a side hill overlooking the Hamilton Road, 
 
n6 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 once the great thoroughfare between the North and South. In much 
 the same style is the house now owned and occupied by David Sin- 
 ton, on the east side of Pike Street, almost opposite the east end of 
 Fourth. The house was begun by Martin Baum, and finished by 
 Nicholas Longworth, who died there. It is a one-story house, very 
 wide and deep, with a broad hall through the centre, resting on a 
 half-story or basement. The place has always been known as the 
 gathering spot for the culture and refinement of the city. In the 
 square on Bank Street, occupied by the Sisters of the Good Shep- 
 herd, is another of those grand old houses. It was the home of 
 Major Daniel Gano. Another of the same class was built by 
 Thomas Carneal, and still stands in Ludlow, Ky. On the north-east 
 corner of Orchard and Main Streets is a plain brick house, having 
 long porches in the rear, which was the home of William Woodward, 
 the founder of Woodward College. When Third was the fashion- 
 able street, there were many fine houses on both sides of it, built 
 mostly with Greek-temple facades. Here lived Samuel Foote and 
 Griffin Taylor. Of this class of houses only one remains, — that of 
 George T. Williamson, between Plum and Elm Streets. Major Wil- 
 liam Barr built two now old and noted houses. The first, or at least 
 part of it, can be seen on the north-west corner of Smith and Sixth 
 Streets; and the second is standing on Barr Street, near Mound. 
 Major Clarkson's house, on Bank Street, is a relic of the time when 
 the north-west section of the city below the hills was only farm-land. 
 There were many other dwellings of note; but the old public build- 
 ings have been destroyed. The court-house was twice burned, and 
 the early churches and mills have disappeared. Near a century's 
 life has left in the city but little that is either quaint or charming. — 
 Pitts H. Burt. 
 
 (See Burnet Residence and Lytle House.) 
 
 Lane Theological Seminary was chartered and first opened for 
 academic instruction in 1829. The theological department went into 
 operation in 1832, under the presidency of Rev. Lyman Beecher, 
 D.D. ; and since that time about 700 students have received theolo- 
 gical training. In 1835 the academic department was discontinued. 
 At present there are six instructors, and accommodations for 50 stu- 
 dents. The grounds comprise about five acres; and the buildings 
 include a dormitory, boarding-hall, library-hall, chapel, and several 
 dwellings for the professors. Besides these, there is now being 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 117 
 
 erected a recitation-hall, which will be a beautiful structure, and also 
 a valuable adjunct to the seminary property. The building is to be 
 of blue limestone, three stories in height, with mansard roof. It will 
 contain recitation-rooms for all the seminary classes, chapel for daily 
 prayers, gymnasium, etc. The library now contains 13,000 volumes 
 of standard theological, rare, valuable, and miscellaneous works. 
 Lane Seminary is under control of the Presbyterian Church ; but all 
 students, whatever may be their denominational connection, are wel- 
 comed. It has had a prosperous career, and has a promising future. 
 It is situated on Gilbert Avenue, Walnut Hills, and can be visited 
 at any time during the day. Horse-cars, — Eden-park, Walnut-hills, 
 and Avondale line, and the Gilbert-avenue line. 
 
 Latonia Springs. — A beautiful suburb in Kentucky, six miles 
 from Fountain Square, on the Lexington Pike. It was once a noted 
 watering-place, and favorite resort of Kentuckians. There is a fine 
 hotel, ample grounds, spring-houses, and other convenient buildings. 
 The waters possess no medicinal virtues, and as a watering-place 
 Latonia Springs is a thing of the past. It is a beautiful drive, how- 
 ever, the route being picturesque throughout its length. 
 
 Law-Courts. — Common Pleas Court for Hamilton Cotinty is 
 composed of seven judges, elected by the people for a term of five 
 years. This is the court of general, civil, and criminal jurisdiction, 
 and throughout the State is the court established for this purpose by 
 the constitution. It has appellate jurisdiction, as well as jurisdiction 
 in proceedings in error, from justices of the peace in civil actions for 
 any amount, and original jurisdiction in all civil cases for amounts of 
 $100 and upwards. It has also appellate and error jurisdiction from 
 the probate court. Sessions held in the Court House. Probate Court 
 for Hamilton County has one judge, elected by the people for a term 
 of three years. It has original and exclusive jurisdiction in all matter 
 of wills, administrations of estate, and guardianship ; and concurrent 
 jurisdiction with the common pleas in habeas corpus and in condem- 
 nation of lands for public uses. This court was established by stat- 
 ute, and has no appellate jurisdiction. Sessions held in the Court 
 House. Superior Court of Cincinnati has three judges, elected for a 
 term of five years, by the people. Its jurisdiction is limited to the 
 city, and therein is concurrent with the common pleas in all civil 
 cases of $100 and upwards. It has no criminal or appellate jurisdic- 
 tion, but is a special court established by statute. District Court for 
 
pi&nop supp&ies. 
 
 WE ARE PREPARED TO FURNISH 
 
 PIii5Ke5, Terrie$, I(&w Silk, 
 
 AND OTHER DRAPERIES, 
 
 SK&d c 5, Burl^, Frin$ c 5, 
 Furniture Gimp5, (>rp c l5, Oil (l^H 
 
 Mid IsinoIeum5 
 
 For railroad uses, and can supply the above articles at short notice, as 
 we keep them constantly in stock. 
 
 Import orders for large quantities taken upon a commission basis. 
 
 r\MlimcJ Purch&$in$ J{fy>nl$ 
 
 SHOULD OBTAIN OUR PRICES BEFORE BUYING. 
 
 THE tJOBN SMMTO QOmfWy. 
 
 118 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 119 
 
 First Judicial District, that is, for Hamilton County, is composed of 
 any three judges of the court of common pleas, whose term is fixed 
 by such rules as the court of common pleas may make. This court 
 has original jurisdiction in mandamus and quo warranto cases, and 
 appellate jurisdiction from common pleas in all cases where the con- 
 stitutional right of trial by jury is not granted. On appeal, all cases 
 are tried de novo. It has jurisdiction in error in all civil cases from 
 the common pleas and superior courts. Error in criminal cases lies 
 to supreme court direct. This court also was established by stat- 
 ute. Sessions held in the Court House. Police Court of Cincinnati 
 consists of one judge, elected by the people for two years. It has 
 jurisdiction over all offences against the city ordinances, and of any 
 misdemeanors within four miles of the city. In all felonies it has 
 jurisdiction to hear and bind over to the grand jury. Sessions held 
 in the City Building. Justices of the Peace are elected by the people 
 for three years. They have original jurisdiction in all civil cases for 
 money only under $100, and concurrent jurisdiction in cases up to 
 $300. In cases of all crimes and misdemeanors, including bastardy, 
 they have power to hear and bind over to the grand jury. There are 
 ten justices, who have their offices or court-rooms in different parts 
 of the city. United-States Circuit and District Courts for the South- 
 ern District of Ohio are held in Cincinnati in the Post-Office and 
 Custom-House Building. 
 
 Law-Library, the Cincinnati. — As early as 1834 a special char- 
 ter was obtained from the General Assembly for the incorporation of 
 the " Cincinnati Law- Library ; " but no organization took place under 
 this charter, and nothing effective was done until 1846, when a com- 
 mittee was appointed to obtain subscriptions. Rooms we're then pro- 
 vided, and the library started on a modest scale. It has steadily 
 increased, both in number of books and members, until now it con- 
 tains ten thousand volumes, and is one of the most conveniently 
 arranged and most complete law-libraries in the country. The rooms 
 are in the Court House, and are open to members, introduced stran- 
 gers, and to the senior class of the Cincinnati Law-School. 
 
 Law-School, the Cincinnati, a department of the Cincinnati 
 College, occupies rooms in the third story of College Building. The 
 school is divided into two classes, junior and senior, each having a 
 separate course of study and text-books. The term begins on the 
 Thursday next following the second Tuesday of October, and con- 
 
120 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 tinues until the second Wednesday of the ensuing May. The stu- 
 dents enjoy the use of a library of 1,600 volumes belonging to the 
 school, and seniors also have access to the Cincinnati Law-Library. 
 During the school-year 1881-82 there were 127 students attending 
 the lectures. Jacob D. Cox, the dean; Rufus King, George Hoadly, 
 Henry A. Morrill, Manning F. Force, and Ex-Gov. John W. Steven- 
 son compose the faculty. 
 
 Law's Insurance Agency is the oldest in the city, and the 
 leading agency in the State of Ohio. It is conducted by John H. 
 Law, who represents several of the largest and strongest companies 
 in the world; and among them are the Royal of Liverpool, with 
 assets of $32,000,000; the Imperial and Northern of London, $37,- 
 495,000; the London and Lancashire of Liverpool, $8,460,000; the 
 Fire Association of Philadelphia, $4,400,000 ; the Phenix of New 
 York, $3,300,000; the United Firemen's of Philadelphia, $650,000; 
 and the Metropolitan Plate Glass of New York, $146,000. The 
 agency employs a score of men, and occupies elegant and commodi- 
 ous quarters on the south-east corner of Third and Walnut Streets. 
 
 Libraries. — The most important public libraries are the Public 
 Library, the Mercantile Library, the Cincinnati Law Library, the 
 libraries of the Historical and Philosophical Society, the St. Xavier 
 College, the Sisters of Notre Dame Academy, the Lane Theological 
 Seminary, Mount St. Mary's Seminary, and the Cincinnati Hospital. 
 There are numerous valuable private libraries, many of which are 
 rich in specialties. Some of the noteworthy private libraries are 
 those of A. T. Goshorn, most of which was presented to him by the 
 citizens of Philadelphia, in recognition of his services as director- 
 general of the Exposition in 1876, the room itself being exquisitely 
 fitted up by a committee sent here for the purpose; Robert Clarke, 
 containing bibliography and literary history, science, and rare and 
 numerous works in Scottish history and poetry; Henry Probasco, a 
 costly collection of ancient, rare, and exquisitely bound books, well 
 arranged, classified, and catalogued; E. T. Carson, having probably 
 the most complete Masonic collection in the world, besides a fine 
 Shakspearian collection; J. B. Stallo, a large library with a specialty 
 of philosophical works; Stanley Matthews, abounding in law, scien- 
 tific, and theological works ; George McLaughlin, containing standard 
 historical works, and a great variety of books on art, as well as many 
 curious books ; M. F. Force, a fine collection of books relating to 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 123 
 
 American Indians; T. D. Lincoln, one of the most extensive and 
 useful collections of law-books in the world. 
 
 Licking River has its source in Floyd County, Ky., 180 miles 
 from its mouth. It empties into the Ohio, between the cities of 
 Xewport and Covington, opposite the foot of Broadway, Cincinnati. 
 It is navigable for steamers as far as the falls at Cole's Garden, four 
 miles from its mouth. Above that point, in dry summers, it has but 
 little water; but in winter and spring flatboats descend it for 70 or 
 So miles. An effort was once made to improve the channel by means 
 of dams and locks, but the enterprise was abandoned. 
 
 Lick Run. — This name applies to a village, a creek, and a turn- 
 pike. The village is a short distance west of Fairmount, and is part 
 of the 24th ward of the city. Lick-run Creek rises in Green town- 
 ship, and flows almost due east to Mill Creek, emptying info that 
 turbid stream at Fairmount. The Lick-run Pike adheres closely to 
 the bed of the stream, and terminates at Fairmount, where it joins 
 the Harrison Pike. 
 
 Lincoln Club. — A Republican club, organized in 1879, and s i m ~ 
 ilar in its organization and objects to the Union League of New 
 York. Its club-house, on the south-west corner of Eighth and Race 
 Streets, was until recently the residence of Dr. George Mendenhall. 
 It is elegantly furnished and well located. None but Republicans 
 are eligible for membership, which now numbers four hundred. Each 
 member holds one share of stock, valued at $25, and pays $10 a year 
 for dues. Visitors may be introduced by members, and Republicans 
 from other places are cordially welcomed. 
 
 Lincoln Park, situated in the West End, covers ten acres. There 
 is a lake and an island; the lake being used in winter for skating, 
 and in summer for boating. Horse-cars, Freeman-street line. 
 
 Linwood, a village incorporated in 1874, with a population of five 
 hundred, is on the east border-line of Cincinnati. It is situated on 
 the Little Miami Railroad, six miles and a half from the Court- 
 House, and lies nestled among the hills, from the tops of which can 
 be seen the farms lying in three counties. There is a graded school, 
 Congregational, Baptist, and Methodist churches, a hame-factory, 
 etc. ; but the people are chiefly business-men of Cincinnati ; and the 
 town presents the appearance of a neat New-England village. 
 
 Literary Club. — Organized 1849. Meetings are held Saturday 
 evenings from September to June. Membership is limited to one 
 
124 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 hundred, seven-eighths of all votes cast required to elect. Initiation- 
 fee, $10 ; annual dues, $20. The rooms at 24 West Fourth Street 
 are adorned with numerous fine engravings, statuettes, busts, sketches, 
 and paintings. Visitors are admitted, but only at the invitation of 
 members. The president is Charles B. Wilby. Ex-President Hayes 
 has been a member since 1849. 
 
 Longview Insane Asylum, the largest institution of its kind in 
 the West, is supported by Hamilton County alone, although two 
 directors are appointed by the governor of Ohio. It costs about 
 $100,000 annually to run it. The noble edifice is located half a mile 
 south-east of Carthage, on rising ground. It is of brick, is 612 feet 
 long, five stories in height, and is thought fire-proof. The stairways 
 are built of iron. The building contains 650 rooms. The yearly 
 average of patients treated is about 1,000; the average of resident 
 patients being 750. It was completed in i860, and cost $500,000. Any 
 one can visit the institution and examine the grounds on Thursdays. 
 
 Lookout House is on Jackson Hill, at the head of the Mount- 
 Auburn Inclined-plane Railway. The structure is oblong in shape, 
 eighty by two hundred feet, including the south balcony, which ex- 
 tends its entire length. The grounds, which contain about six acres, 
 are handsomely divided into lawns and flower-beds, the lawns being 
 furnished with refreshment-tables. It is the oldest, and was for 
 several years the only, place of the kind in the tity. Five thousand 
 guests can easily be entertained. Admission free. Horse-cars, — 
 Main-street line. 
 
 Lookout Opera-House. — A large octagonal building surmounted 
 by a dome, in the grounds adjoining the Lookout House. It contains 
 a stage for dramatic performances. The auditorium is arranged in 
 the form of an amphitheatre. The house can also be used for a 
 circus, the ring being cast in the parquette. Admission is usually 
 twenty-five cents. Horse-cars, Main-street line. 
 
 Ludlow. — A Kentucky suburb, opposite the mouth of Mill Creek. 
 Distance from Fountain Square, two miles. The population is about 
 1,500, composed chiefly of Cincinnati business and working men. 
 The Fifth-street ferry lands at the eastern end of the village. The 
 Third-street horse-cars connect with the ferry. 
 
 Lytle House, the, No. 66 Lawrence Street, was built in 1814; 
 and although one of the oldest buildings now standing, it is yet in an 
 excellent state of preservation. It was built for Gen. William Lytle, 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 125 
 
 and has always been occupied by his family and descendants. His 
 grandson was Gen. W. H. Lytle, who fell at the battle of Chicka- 
 mauga. One of the men who worked on the house at the time of 
 its erection was Joseph Jones, now in his ninety-fourth year, one of the 
 oldest living residents of the city. In 1837 Andrew Jackson visited 
 Cincinnati, and during his stay remained at this house. 
 
 Mannerchor, A. P. A. — A singing-club connected with the Ger- 
 man branch of the American Protestant Association. The chorus 
 numbers about fifty voices. Weekly meetings are held. 
 
 Mannerchor, Cincinnati, a German singing society, having male 
 and female voices, under the direction of Otto Singer. The society 
 has about 120 active and 200 contributing members. Meetings for 
 practice were held weekly in Mannerchor Hall, corner Vine and Mer- 
 cer Streets. The building was destroyed by fire on the 4th of August, 
 1879, and the valuable musical library belonging to the society burned. 
 Weekly meetings are now held in Eureka Hall. 
 
 Mannerchor, Germania, was organized in the year 1872, by 
 seceders from the Cincinnati Mannerchor. From a small beginning 
 the society has increased its numbers to 250, most of whom are con- 
 tributing members. The active members do not exceed forty. 
 
 Mannerchor, St. Cecilia. — Originally composed of the members 
 of the choir of St. Mary's Catholic Church. It now has about forty 
 active members, belonging mostly to the German Catholic choirs of 
 the city. The society was organized in May, 1867. 
 
 Manufactures. — Cincinnati occupies a leading position among 
 the manufacturing cities of the United States, and an eminent one 
 among those of the world. She is singularly well situated for pro- 
 curing raw material, and for distributing manufactured goods. The 
 business centre of a great iron region, convenient to lumber of all 
 kinds, grain, cotton, cattle, sheep, hogs, wool, stone, and other raw 
 materials in great abundance, with a community of manufacturers 
 distinguished for their economical administration, pecuniary ability, 
 scientific attainments, mechanical skill, and artistic taste, the future 
 development of her industries will only be measured by the ambition 
 and activity of her citizens. A distinguishing feature of the city is 
 the scope of her products and the large number of individual manu- 
 facturers. To her manufacturers the year has been one of singular 
 activity. In nearly all departments there has been increased produc- 
 tion, as in the case of buggies and carriages, the production of which, 
 
126 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 in late years, has shown most remarkable development, the increase 
 having been of a very pronounced character. Her manufactured 
 products, in 1881, according to the figures of J. F. Blackburn, secre- 
 tary of the Board of Trade and Transportation of Cincinnati, aggre- 
 gated $163,351,497. The cash capital invested to produce this value 
 was $67,651,552; the value of the real estate occupied, $40,096,458 ; 
 the number of establishments engaged, 5,450; and the number of 
 hands employed, 80,839. These figures are easily made on paper : 
 their magnitude is likely to pass without attracting the attention they 
 deserve. But when one remembers that the number of men, women, 
 and children now employed in production is greater than was the 
 entire population of the city little more than 30 years ago, and that 
 the production itself has increased tenfold in 40 years, the growth 
 and extent of our industrial forces become more apparent. With 
 whatever drawbacks there may be, there never was more to encour- 
 age our manufacturers than now. The desirableness of removing all 
 unnecessary expense to production is so apparent, that this will 
 speedily come ; the attention from thoughtful and active citizens, 
 which local transportation is receiving, being one of the promises of 
 such a consummation. The only true standard for the measurement 
 of the relation of the work of different years is the quantities of 
 various commodities which change hands. Thus, the aggregate value 
 of our manufactures, which last year reached $163,351,497, repre- 
 sents material which, at the close of the war, would have immensely 
 exceeded these figures ; while the sales of dry-goods and clothing, 
 which in the past year aggregated $41,808,234, represent in packages, 
 pieces, yards, etc., a very much larger quantity than the same sum 
 would have purchased when the prices for standard fabrics were 
 from six to eight times greater than those now prevailing. From the 
 detailed table it will be seen that the aggregate value of specific 
 commodities in the past year was $179,712,718, an increase of $11, • 
 799,816 over 1879. I n these figures are not embraced dry-goods, 
 clothing, books, hats and caps, silks, millinery goods, paper, musical 
 instruments, silverware, jewelry, etc. If the approximate value of 
 these were added, it would swell the aggregate to $274,651,218, an 
 increase over 1879 °f $18,513,316. Of the whole production in 1881, 
 the manufactures of metals aggregated $24,847,286; wood, $14,204,- 
 244; food, $20,668,153; liquors, $26,647,000; clothing, $18,695,844; 
 leather, $11,338,735; soap, candles, and oils, $8,317,682 ; drugs, chem- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 127 
 
 icals. etc., 54.425,522; paper, $4,416,326; tobacco, $5,339,024; print- 
 ing and publishing, 54,401,735; carriages, cars, etc., $6,548,690; stone 
 and earth, $2,559,510; cotton, wool, hemp, etc., $1,592,013; book- 
 binding and blank-books, $341,700; fine-arts, $826,827; miscellane- 
 ous, $8,181,206. The manufactures of either food, metals, or liquors 
 were larger in 1881 than the entire manufactures of Cincinnati in 
 1840. Many products of this city, too, are as wide in their distribu- 
 tion as the whole is varied in its nature. They go, not only through- 
 out this country, but to all the nations of Europe, China, Japan, 
 Australia, South America, British Columbia, Sandwich Islands, etc. 
 They carry the good name of the Cincinnati producers with them, 
 and are steadily laying the foundations for a trade, both at home and 
 abroad, of which the present is but a feeble promise. 
 
 Markets. — One by one the old-fashioned markets are disappear- 
 ing. The Pearl-street Market, on Pearl, between Plum and Central 
 Avenue, was the first to disappear; and its place was taken by the 
 Plum-street Depot. The Fifth-street Market, which was regarded 
 the finest in the city, gave way to the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson 
 Fountain ; although the Esplanade is occasionally used as a flower- 
 market, an ornamental stand being placed thereon for the purpose, 
 to fill the letter of the law, inasmuch as the site was deeded sixty 
 years ago for market purposes only. The markets now in active 
 operation are : Lower Market, on Pearl Street, between wSycamore 
 and Broadway ; Sixth-street Market, on Sixth, between Plum and 
 Central Avenue ; Court-street Market, on Court, between Walnut 
 and Vine ; Findlay Market, on Findlay, between Elm and Plum ; and 
 Wade-street Market, on Wade, between Central Avenue and John 
 Street. During market-days, hucksters and farmers are allowed to 
 occupy the streets for a number o£ squares at each end of the 
 market-houses. It is surmised that all the market-houses will soon 
 be abolished. 
 
 Masonic Temple. — This is a massive freestone building, in the 
 Byzantine style, situated on the north-east corner of Third and Wal- 
 nut Streets. It is five stories high, 195 by 100 feet, with unfinished 
 spire, and cost about $200,000. The basement and ground-floor are 
 occupied by banks and other business offices. The second floor is 
 chiefly occupied by lawyers' offices. The upper stories are devoted 
 to the uses of the Masonic order, and are the meeting-places of most 
 of the city lodges. There are separate halls for the entered appren- 
 
128 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 tice, fellow-craft, and master-masons' lodges, the royal arch chapter, 
 commandery, and consistory. The Temple contains also a large ban- 
 quet-hall. It is under the control of Nova Cesarea Harmony Lodge, 
 No. 2. In an archi- and the interior, which can 
 
 tectural point of ^^essae^^^^ be visited any week-day 
 view, it is one .^^ * \ ^^s. at ten 
 
 of the chief 
 ornaments 
 of the 
 citv; 
 
 a.m., is well 
 being seen. 
 
 Masonic Temple. 
 
 Masons, Free and Accepted. — In this city there are sixteen 
 lodges of Master Masons, including three colored lodges. Of these, 
 nine lodges meet monthly in Masonic Temple : viz., N. C. Harmony, 
 No. 2; Miami, No. 46; Lafayette, No. 81; Cincinnati, No. 133; 
 McMillan, No. 141; Cynthia, No. 155; Hanselmann (German), No. 
 208; Kilwinning, No. 356; and Excelsior, No. 369. Vattier Lodge, 
 No. 386, meets on the north side of Sixth Street, between Central 
 Avenue and John Street; Hoffner Lodge, No. 253, meets in Cum- 
 minsville; Walnut-hills Lodge, No. 483, meets at north-west corner 
 of Gilbert Avenue and McMillan Street; Yeatman Lodge, No. 162, 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 129 
 
 meets at 1079 Eastern Avenue. Of the higher Masonic bodies, the 
 following meet in Masonic Temple : Cincinnati, No. 2, McMillan, 
 No. 19, and Willis, No. 131, Chapters of Royal Arch Masons; Cin- 
 cinnati Council, No. 1, Royal and Select Masters ; Cincinnati, No. 3, 
 and Hanselmann, No. 16, Cbmmanderies of Knights Templar; and 
 the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, consisting of Ohio Consis- 
 tory S. P. R. S., 32 ; Cincinnati Chapter of Rose Croix, 18 ; Dalcho 
 Council, P. of J., 16 ; and Gibulum Lodge of Perfection, 14 . Kil- 
 winning Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 96, and Kilwinning 
 Council of Royal and Select Masters, No. 52, meet on the north side 
 of Sixth Street, between Central Avenue and John Street. Three 
 colored lodges meet at the north-west corner of Sixth and Main : 
 viz., Corinthian, No. 1 ; True American, No. 2 ; St. John, No. 3. 
 Prince White Chapter, R. A. M., No. 1, and Zerubbabel Command- 
 ery, Knights Templar, No. 1, meet at the same place. The number 
 of Masons in Cincinnati is estimated at three thousand. 
 
 Medical Colleges. — See Miami Medical College, Medical Col- 
 lege of Ohio, College of Medicine and Surgery, Eclectic Medical 
 Institute, Pulte Medical College, and Physio-Medical Institute. 
 
 Medical College of Ohio. — The oldest medical college in the: 
 West, having been founded in 18 19. The college edifice is on the 
 south side of Sixth Street, between Vine and Race Streets. Two 
 sessions per annum are held : the regular session, beginning in Octo- 
 ber, and ending in March following ; the spring session, beginning in 
 March, and lasting until June. Fees for the course, $75; matricula- 
 tion, dissecting, hospital, and practical chemistry, each $5 ; gradua- 
 tion, $25. There are ten professorships. Professor W. W. Seely is 
 dean of the faculty. Daily clinics are held at the Good Samaritan 
 Hospital, of which the college faculty have charge. Students also 
 have the privilege of the clinics at the Cincinnati Hospital. 
 
 Medical Society, the Cincinnati. — A society of physicians of 
 the regular school, for the reading of papers and the discussion of 
 topics of interest to the medical profession. It originated in 1874 
 by a secession from the Academy of Medicine, caused by an unsatis- 
 factory solution of a problem of medical ethics. During the autumn, 
 winter, and spring months, the society holds weekly meetings at 
 203 West Seventh Street. Membership fee, $3 ; annual dues, $2. 
 Dr. T. T. Goodman is president, and Dr. Reynolds secretary. 
 
 Melodeon Hall. — North-west corner of Fourth and Walnut 
 
13° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Streets, in the third story. It is one of the large public halls in 
 the city, and is used for first-class entertainments. It was for a term 
 of years leased by the Allemania Club. It is now the property of 
 Peter Gibson, owner of the Gibson House adjoining. He purposes 
 tearing the building down, and extending the hotel to Fourth 
 Street. 
 
 Memphis and Ohio-river Packet Company, located, and its 
 boats owned, in Cincinnati. Three boats a week will run between 
 Cincinnati and Memphis, requiring four first-class steamers to meet 
 the service; viz., the "Andy Baum," "J. W. Gaff," "Vint Shinkle," 
 " Cons. Millar." Passenger and freight rates fluctuate, according to 
 the season and stage of water. Wharf-boat at foot of Sycamore 
 Street. Office, n and 12 Public Landing. Robert W. Wise is super- 
 intendent, and James D. Parker secretary and treasurer. J. W. Gaff, 
 President. 
 
 Mercantile Library. — See Young Men's Mercantile Library 
 Association. 
 
 Merchants' and Manufacturers' Insurance Company of Cin- 
 cinnati is one of the oldest and largest of the local companies. Its 
 •charter, granted in 1838, is perpetual. Its cash capital is $150,000, 
 and assets $286,493. ^ n tne f° rt y years of its existence it not only 
 has paid $866,146 for losses, but also has declared dividends that 
 will average over twelve per cent a year; for 1879 the dividend being 
 ten per cent. A general fire and cargo business is done, and the 
 company's office is at 15 West Third Street. The record of the time 
 of service of its officers is noteworthy. B. B. Whiteman was secre- 
 tary of the Cincinnati Insurance Company from 1832 to 1850 ; and 
 then became connected with the Merchants' and Manufacturers', 
 which he served as secretary and president from 1850 to 1879. He 
 was succeeded as president by William H. Calvert, who had been the 
 secretary of the Cincinnati Insurance Company for eleven years. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. — See Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Meteorological data for 1882. — Highest barometer, 30.739, on 
 Dec. 7; lowest barometer, 29.478, April 19; mean barometer for the 
 year, 30.088; highest temperature, 95.5, June 25; minimum, i°, 
 Dec. 8 ; mean yearly temperature, 56.9 ; thermometric range of tem- 
 perature, 94.5. Total number of miles of wind during year, 49,626; 
 greatest number miles during any month, 6,176 in March; least num- 
 ber, 2,961 in October ; greatest hourly velocity of the wind, 29 miles 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 131 
 
 from the west on Jul}- iS. Total amount of rainfall, 52.12 inches; 
 greatest monthly rainfall, S.47, May; least, 1.57, November; greatest 
 amount in any 24 consecutive hours, 2.54, on March 20; annual mean 
 of cloudiness (in tenths), 5.77; greatest, 7.87, January; least, 4.30, 
 October; annual mean relative humidity, 68.7; greatest, 74.2, Decem- 
 ber ; least, 59.S, March. At the observations taken at 6.30 a.m., 
 2.30 p.m., 10.30 p.m., the wind blew from the north 133 times, from 
 the north-east 97 times, from the east 123 times, from south-east 166 
 times, from south 136, from south-west 132, from west 139, from north- 
 west 135; number of calms, 34. There were 8^ clear, 15S fair, and 
 124 cloudy days; rain, other than sprinkles, fell on 152 days. High- 
 est daily temperature below 32 on 8 days; lowest temperature below 
 32 on 44 days ; highest temperature above 90 on 6 days (all in 
 June). Highest stage of river, 58-7, on Feb. 21, which is the high- 
 est since 1S47. On April 16 there was a very brilliant aurora bore- 
 alis, and several others during the month; also one on Nov. 19. 
 Last frost of spring, May 23 ; first frost of autumn, Oct. 20 ; last 
 snow of spring, April 10; first snow of autumn, Nov. 18; number of 
 thunder-storms, 41 ; number of auroras, 4. Solar and lunar halos 
 were quite numerous. — B. B. Wat kins, Observe)-, Signal-Corps, 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Miami Canal. — See Canals. 
 
 Miami Medical College, established in 1852, owns and occupies 
 the building on Twelfth Street, nearly opposite the Cincinnati Hos- 
 pital, where daily clinics are held during the college sessions. The 
 faculty consists of seventeen well-known physicians, of which Dr. 
 John A. Murphy is the dean, and Dr. W. H. Taylor the secretary. 
 The college museum is one of the most extensive in the country. 
 Two sessions are annually held. The preliminary term of the regu- 
 lar winter course begins in September, and lasts one month, when 
 the regular winter session begins, which lasts until March. The 
 spring course of lectures begins in March, and ends in June. Fees 
 for the entire course of lectures, $75; matriculation, demonstrator, 
 and hospital tickets, $5 each; graduation, $25. Connected with the 
 college is the Miami Medical College Dispensary, which is open to 
 students. 
 
 Miami Medical College Dispensary. — A noble charity, in the 
 buildings of the Miami Medical College. Ail sick persons who 
 apply are treated and furnished medicines free of charge. The morn- 
 
132 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 ing session, between eight and nine o'clock, is devoted to diseases of 
 the eye and ear ; the afternoon, between three and four, to all other 
 complaints. The dispensary is open all the year round. During the 
 lecture-season, students of the college are admitted to the clinics, 
 making it an important part of their medical education. The attend- 
 ing physicians are the faculty of the college. The annual number 
 of patients treated is nearly eight thousand. 
 
 Miami Stock-yards, on Eggleston Avenue, Cleveland and Court 
 Streets, are in complete order, with accommodations for ten thou- 
 sand hogs, sheep, and cattle. The Little Miami and the Louisville 
 Short-line Railroads enter the yards, and the Cincinnati and Eastern 
 and the Miami-valley Narrow-gauge Railroads make their terminal 
 points near these yards. The cattle-yards are covered, and every 
 pen floored, and are provided with every convenience for watering 
 and feeding. The yards occupy three acres, and were opened in 
 1876. The company has a capital of $100,000. The president and 
 treasurer is Benjamin Eggleston, and the superintendent is H. A. 
 Bowman. The receipts for the year were over a hundred thousand 
 hogs. 
 
 Military. — See Army. 
 
 Mill Creek has its source in Butler County, about thirty-five miles 
 from its mouth. As it passes through the city, its waters are exceed- 
 ingly filthy, having received the noxious discharges of paper-mills, 
 starch-factories, breweries, and distilleries, for a distance of twelve 
 miles. The Great-Liberty-street and McLean-avenue sewers add to 
 its filthiness between Ernst Station and the Ohio. Until 1870 Mill 
 Creek was the west corporation line of the city. The corporation 
 line is now two miles west of the creek. The Mill-creek Bottoms 
 are subject to annual overflow by back-water from the Ohio. As a 
 consequence they are exceedingly fertile; and all available places not 
 used for manufacturing purposes, stock-yards, and brick-kilns, are 
 devoted to market-gardening. In the lowest grounds the clay deposit 
 of the annual inundations is used for making brick. This deposit is 
 very smooth, and in some places is made to a depth of four inches. 
 It is removed when of the consistence of potter's clay, and needs 
 but little manipulation to be pressed into bricks. 
 
 Monuments. — The McCook Monument is in Washington Park, 
 and was erected in 1876, in honor of Col. R. L. McCook, by the Ninth 
 Ohio Regiment, which, during the late war, he commanded until he 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 133 
 
 lost his life. The base, die, shaft, and capital are of Quincy granite ; 
 and the bust is of heroic size, representing Col. McCook in uniform. 
 The Woodward Monument is placed in the school-yard of Franklin 
 Street, between Sycamore Street and Broadway. It consists of a 
 bronze statue of William Woodward, representing him draped in 
 a cloak, and standing on a granite pedestal. It was erected by the 
 alumni of the Woodward college and high-school, of which Mr. 
 Woodward was the founder and benefactor. 
 
 Mount Auburn, formerly one of the most beautiful suburbs, but 
 now the second precinct of the 2d ward, lies on the hill at the head 
 of Main Street, and is easiest reached by the Mount Auburn Inclined- 
 plane Railway. Avondale adjoins it on the north, the corporation 
 line dividing them. It abounds with elegant private residences and 
 public institutions. 
 
 Mount Harrison. — The western highlands immediately north of 
 Price's Hill. It was named Mount Harrison because this elevation 
 was the home of ex-President Harrison, who, in the early history of 
 the city, built a dwelling on the slope facing Cincinnati. The dwell- 
 ing was an old landmark until removed in 1876. On one part of 
 this elevation Chief-Justice Chase, during the early period of his 
 residence in this city, erected a dwelling which yet stands. The 
 locality has comparatively few improvements, but some of these are 
 of the best character; and the whole district, with its delightful 
 elevations, its graceful slopes and groves, is one of surpassing natural 
 beauty. 
 
 Mount Lookout is a subdivision of the 1st ward, about four miles 
 direct from Fountain Square. It is one of the most attractive sub- 
 urban districts in the city. The observatory of the University of 
 Cincinnati is situated here. It also contains a large park, which is 
 used for picnics, barbecues, etc. A steam dummy-railroad connects 
 Mount Lookout with the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The distance 
 by railroad is six miles. The car-fare is ten cents. 
 
 Mount Washington is one of the north-eastern suburbs of Cin- 
 cinnati, its residents chiefly business-men from the city. It is noted 
 for its beautiful rolling private grounds, perfect drainage, and con- 
 sequent good health ; also for its fine avenues of evergreens and 
 deciduous trees, with probably the finest collection of hardy mag- 
 nolias in the county. It has a town-hall, a fine graded public school, 
 young ladies' seminary, and three churches. Five hundred feet above 
 
134 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 the Ohio-river level, the views are magnificent, reaching on some 
 high points five miles each way river-ward. The Little Miami River 
 flows at its base. Residences comfortable, and some very fine. 
 Reached by Little Miami and Cincinnati, Georgetown, and Ports- 
 mouth Railways. Incorporated, with mayor, council, marshal, board 
 of health, etc. ; a thousand inhabitants, and a thick population of 
 thousands around it, and depending on it for business purposes. 
 
 Mozart Hall. — In the third story of the Catholic Institute, cor- 
 ner of Vine and Longworth Streets. The Grand Opera-House is 
 on the ground floor. The hall belongs to the institute, and is used 
 for fairs, lectures, balls, church and other entertainments. It is quite 
 accessible, being half a square north of Fountain Square. 
 
 Museums. — Although there are no public museums, there are 
 many collections belonging to individuals and societies, which, if 
 brought together, would form a nucleus for a museum that from its 
 beginning would take a good rank among the public museums of 
 this country. There is, as has been stated under Art, a project to 
 build a grand art-museum ; but it is quite probable that in the same 
 building accommodations will be provided for various collections 
 usually not classified under art-matters. The following list is only 
 a part of the many collections in and around the cit3 r , and they 
 can be seen by obtaining for* this purpose an introduction to the 
 persons owning or having charge of them. — Art-Collections. See 
 heading Art. Autographs and Manuscripts. — An exceedingly valu- 
 able collection, by reason of its immense numbers, rare manuscripts, 
 unique arrangement, and admirable classification, is owned by L. J. 
 Cist, who has been engaged at this work for nearly forty-three years. 
 Robert Clarke has a large collection of literary manuscripts, includ- 
 ing some fine letters and poems of Robert Burns. The Historical 
 and Philosophical Society and the libraries also have collections. 
 Birds and Fishes. — See Cuvier Club, Natural History Society, and 
 Zoological Society. Charles Dury of Avondale has an extensive 
 collection of stuffed native birds. Books. — See Libraries. Coins. — 
 The collection of Thomas Cleneay is said to be the most costly, 
 most numerous, and most valuable in the United States. Joseph 
 Tilton also has a large collection, on which considerable money and 
 many years' time have been spent. Fossils. — The largest private 
 collection in this country is that of Paul Mohr. The collection of 
 C. B. Dyer is noteworthy for its variety, and that of S. A. Miller for 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 135 
 
 its arrangement. A valuable collection was presented to the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati by Robert Clarke. Indian Relics. — See Stone, 
 etc., below. Insects, — A most beautiful collection of butterflies, 
 moths, and beetles is the property of Charles Dury of Avondale, 
 who has also a fine collection of other insects, and stuffed animals, 
 birds, and fishes. V. T. Chambers of Covington is said to be one 
 of the most scientific of American entomologists, and has a useful 
 collection relating to entomology. Medical Museums can be seen at 
 the various medical colleges and at the Cincinnati Hospital. Natu- 
 ral History Specimens. — See Natural History Society, Cuvier Club, 
 and Zoological Society. Paintings. — See Art. Shells. — A beautiful 
 and varied collection owned by Professor A. G. Wetherby of Avon- 
 dale. Statuary. — See Art, Mercantile Library, and St. Peter's Cathe- 
 dral. Stone and Flint Implements, Ornaments, etc. — Two of the 
 most valuable and largest private collections of this class in the 
 West are owned in this city by Thomas Cleneay and H. H. Hill. 
 Another collection belongs to Florien Giauque of Glendale. 
 
 Musical Club, the. — Composed of leading local musicians, pro- 
 fessional and amateur, and a number of gentlemen prominent as 
 patrons of music. It was organized in 1876, and has about seventy- 
 five members. The purpose of the club is the cultivation of classi- 
 cal and modern chamber-music, and the promotion of good feeling 
 and harmony among musicians. The club meets weekly in the 
 rooms of the Literary Club. 
 
 Musical Societies are almost innumerable, and it would be im- 
 practicable to mention all of them. Those, however, that have a 
 regular place of meeting, and hold regular meetings, may be noticed 
 here: viz., Alert Singing Club, A. P. A. Mrmnerchor, Odd Fellows 1 
 Mannerchor, Herwcgh (Polish) Mannerchor, Cincinnati Mannerchor, 
 St. Cecilia Mannerchor, Germania Mannerchor, Schweizer Manner- 
 chor, Cincinnati Music Club, the Orpheus, Druiden Sangerchor, 
 Apollo Club, Harugari Mannerchor, Oneida Singing Club, Turner 
 Mannerchor, and the College Choir. Most of these societies are 
 noticed under their appropriate heads elsewhere. 
 
 Music-hall and Exposition Building is one of the chief orna- 
 ments of the city, and one in which the citizens have reason to take 
 the greatest pride. It occupies most of the block bounded by Elm, 
 Fourteenth, Plum, and Grant Streets," and faces Washington Park. 
 The building is of brick, in the modernized Gothic style. The whole 
 
136 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 fronton Elm Street is 402 feet; 95 feet being given to each of the 
 Exposition buildings, and 17S feet 4 inches to the Music Hall. The 
 widest part of the building is 316 feet. The highest point is the pin- 
 nacle of the front gable, — 150 feet above the sidewalk. The build- 
 ings are so arranged that they can be used separately or together, 
 and the upper stories so that they can be connected by bridges. In 
 these buildings is the grand Music Hall, 112 feet wide and 192 feet 
 long, having a stage 112 feet wide by 56 feet deep In the Music 
 Hall there are 4,428 seats, and standing-room for 3,000 persons, 
 beside which the stage will accommodate 1,500. In this hall is the 
 great organ, described elsewhere. Over the vestibule is Dexter Hall, 
 named in honor of Julius Dexter, the chairman of the building com- 
 mittee. This hall is 112 by 46 feet, 30 feet high. The wings are 
 known as the Exposition Buildings ; but they are used for various 
 purposes when the exposition season is over, and part of them will 
 probably be used by the Women's Art Museum Association. The 
 whole cost of the building will be about $500,000; of which sum 
 Reuben R. Springer has given $235,000, — and by reason of this 
 munificence the building is often called Springer Music Hall, — and 
 citizens have contributed the balance. The whole property is man- 
 aged by the Music-hall Association referred to below. Horse-cars, — 
 Elm-street line passes the building, and the Vine-street line within 
 two squares. 
 
 Music-hall Association, the Cincinnati, was organized in 
 December, 1875, t0 build and control the Music Hall described 
 above. Reuben R. Springer in May of that year had offered $125,000 
 towards the building of a music-hall, provided the citizens would 
 contribute an equal sum, and the city would permit the hall to be 
 erected on public ground. These conditions were fulfilled, and the 
 association organized as follows : The whole subscribers to the fund 
 selected fifty of their number to form a joint-stock company, and to 
 hold one share of stock of the par value of $20. A shareholder 
 cannot sell his share to anybody not first approved by the trustees ; 
 and at his death the share reverts to the association, to be at once 
 put into the hands of a suitable person. The shareholders can hold 
 only one share each; and they elect seven trustees, — one being 
 elected every year to serve seven years. The Music Hall and the Ex- 
 position Buildings which have since been added must be rented as 
 low as will keep them in repair. No profit can be made, and no 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 137 
 
 trustee is permitted to receive any compensation. The president of 
 the association is Joseph Longworth, and the secretary J. F. Black- 
 burn. 
 
 Narrow-gauge Railroads. — Five narrow-gauge railroads enter 
 Cincinnati. Cincinnati and Eastern cars start from the Little Miami 
 Depot. College-hill Narrow-gauge begins at Winton Place, and runs 
 through College Hill to Mount Pleasant. Passengers take cars at 
 the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Depot. Westtvood Narrow- 
 gauge begins at Ernst Station, where it has a depot ; but down-town 
 passengers take the cars at the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton 
 Depot, and change at Ernst. The road runs eight miles west to 
 Westwood, or Cheviot. Cincinnati Northern, four hundred miles 
 long, enters at Court and Broadway, connects with St. Louis, Toledo, 
 and all points north and east. Cincinnati, Portsmouth, and George- 
 town starts from Columbia ; passengers can reach depot either by 
 horse-cars or Little Miami Railroad. 
 
 National Banks. — See Banks. 
 
 National Insurance Company of Cincinnati was chartered in 
 1851. It has a cash capital of $100,000, and assets of $162,864. Its 
 premium receipts up to 1879 have amounted to $1,311,118; its losses, 
 to $831,309. The business includes fire, marine, and inland insur- 
 ance. Ths office, which is probably the most neatly furnished of 
 those of the local insurance companies, is at 69 West Third Street. 
 Henry Urner, president. 
 
 National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce was organized 
 under the present name in 1879. I fc ^ s virtually a consolidation of 
 the National Bank of Commerce, established in 1876, and the Lafay- 
 ette Bank, established in 1832. The capital paid in is $400,000, and 
 the deposits are over $2,000,000. The bank is situated at No. 20 West 
 Third Street, and part of its rooms are occupied by the Safe Deposit 
 Company. William A. Goodman is president, Henry Peachey vice- 
 president, William J. Dunlap cashier, and Charles J. Stedman assist- 
 ant cashier. The directors are John Shillito, A. D. Bullock, A. H. 
 Andrews, R. A. Holden, S. H. Burton, H. Peachey, and William A. 
 Goodman. 
 
 National Theatre was the oldest and one of the largest theatres in 
 the city. Many years it was the only theatre Cincinnati had, and on 
 its boards have trod the greatest actors that ever visited this section. 
 It was situated on the east side of Sycamore Street, between Third 
 
138 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 and Fourth, and its inconvenient location has caused its disuse for 
 several years past. The building has lately been purchased by a 
 tobacco firm, who propose to use it as a manufactory and storage 
 warehouse. 
 
 Natural History, the Cincinnati Society of, comprising about 
 two hundred gentlemen of scientific attainments, has an endowment 
 of $50,000. The museum of the society is filled with rare and inter- 
 esting objects, fossils, skeletons, minerals, shells, and other natural- 
 history and geological specimens. The building is owned by the 
 society, and situated at No. 108 Broadway. It is open free to the 
 public on Saturdays, between the hours of ten o'clock a.m. and four 
 P.M. ; but strangers introduced by members can see the collections at 
 other times. 
 
 New-Jerusalem Church. — South-west corner of Fourth and 
 John Streets. The church has recently been remodelled, and has 
 some claims to architectural beauty. The religious principles enun- 
 ciated by Emmanuel Swedenborg are taught. The congregation 
 numbers about four hundred. The church has a fine library of the 
 works of Swedenborg and other writers on the dogmas of the church, 
 which is open to the public. 
 
 Newport is south-east of Cincinnati, and connected with it by 
 the Louisville Short-line Bridge across the Ohio, and is connected 
 with Covington by a bridge across the Licking River. It is virtually 
 a suburb of Cincinnati, although a city of Kentucky. The popula- 
 tion is about twenty thousand. It is built on an elevated plain, 
 commanding a fine view, and has numerous shade-trees. It is said 
 to have an admirable water-works system, and excellent water. It is 
 sought mainly by business-men of Cincinnati as a dwelling-place by 
 reason of its pure air and pleasant surroundings. Horse-cars run to 
 and from Newport to Fountain Square, fare ten cents. 
 
 Newsboys' Home. — A branch of the Union Bethel, where 
 homeless bootblacks and newsboys are furnished free lodgings, baths, 
 and cheap meals; ten cents being the full price. 
 
 Newspapers (daily). — The English morning papers of Cincin- 
 nati are the " Commercial Gazette," " Enquirer," " News," and 
 "Journal." "The Gazette" was established in 1793, and was the 
 first newspaper published in the North-west Territory. A bound 
 volume of "The Centinel," as the forerunner of "The Gazette " was 
 named, for the year 1793, * s m possession of the Historical and 
 

 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 141 
 
 Philosophical Society. Richard Smith is the chief editor. " The 
 Commercial " was established in 1842, and has been a very success- 
 ful paper. It is independent in its political views, but generally sup- 
 ports the Republican candidates. The principal editor and owner 
 of " The Commercial " is Murat Halstead. Having in view the 
 advancement of public polity and private interests, "The Gazette" 
 and "Commercial" were on Jan. 1, 1883, consolidated under one 
 management, and published as " The Commercial Gazette." The 
 result of this movement has been a morning journal which stands 
 without a peer in the West in all the elements that combine to pro- 
 duce a great newspaper. Its editorial corps embraces some of the 
 most talented writers in the West, while its news department is un- 
 surpassed in the collecting and arranging of the daily happenings of 
 the world at large. Succeeding to the combined circulations of both 
 " Commercial " and " Gazette," its list of subscribers is very large. 
 Office, north-east corner of Fourth and Race Streets. "The En- 
 quirer " has been in existence about forty years, and is a Democratic 
 newspaper. It has made a great advance in popularity and influence 
 by reason of its enterprise in gathering news from all parts of the 
 world. " The Enquirer " publishes a weekly paper, having a large 
 circulation. Office, 247 Vine Street. The chief editor is John R. 
 McLean, who is also the proprietor. " The Morning Journal " is the 
 outgrowth of the consolidation of "The Commercial" and "Ga- 
 zette," and as such succeeds to the franchise of the Associated Press 
 possessed by " The Gazette." It is Republican in politics, and was 
 first published Jan. 7, 1883. It sells for one cent a copy. Being the 
 only cheap paper in Cincinnati admitted to the Associated Press, it 
 reaps all the benefits to be derived from so advantageous position. 
 " The News " is a two-cent paper, Democratic in politics, estab- 
 lished Dec. 1, 1882. Though not permitted to use the Associated- 
 Press despatches, its facilities are such that it succeeds in getting 
 the latest news, and gives promise of becoming a powerful organ of 
 the Democracy of the West. The evening English dailies are " The 
 Times Star " and " The Penny Post." " The Times Star " is an eight- 
 page quarto sheet of forty-eight columns. It is printed from stereo- 
 type-plates, on the fast Bullock perfecting-press. It prints four 
 editions daily ; is independent in politics. Lewis A. Leonard, editor 
 and business manager. The German dailies are the " Volksblatt," 
 " Volksfreund," " Freie Presse," and " Abend Post." The " Volks- 
 
142 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 blatt " has the largest circulation, and is independent in politics. It 
 has improved machinery, and is printed from stereotype plates. It is 
 owned by a joint-stock company. Frederick Hassaurek is the chief 
 editor. Office, 269 Vine Street, between Sixth and Seventh. The 
 " Volksfreund " is the German Democratic organ. It was established 
 in 1850, and is owned and edited by Henry Haacke. The circulation 
 of the daily, weekly, and Sunday editions is large. The office is 209 
 Vine Street. The " Freie Presse," daily and weekly, is a Republican 
 paper of good circulation and considerable merit. It is the rival of 
 the "Volksblatt" among German Republicans, and its influence is 
 increasing. It is published at the north-east corner of Vine and 
 Canal Streets. The " Freie Presse " also publishes an evening edi- 
 tion, called the"Tagliche Abend Presse." The "Abend Post" is 
 an evening daily, Republican in politics, published at No. 342 Main 
 Street, by Jeup & Raberg. It has been established about six years. 
 Of the above dailies, the " Commercial Gazette," " Enquirer," " Morn- 
 ing Journal," "Times Star," "Volksblatt," and "Volksfreund" are 
 members of the Associated Press, and use the despatches furnished 
 by that organization. The " Times Star," " Freie Presse," and 
 " Abend Post " use the National Associated Press despatches, which 
 are furjiished by the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company. " The 
 Cincinnati Law Bulletin" is a small daily devoted to the needs of the 
 legal profession. It is published at No. 17 West Eighth Street. 
 
 Newspapers and Periodicals published in Cincinnati, according 
 to the City Directory for 1882, exclusive of the dailies mentioned 
 elsewhere, are as follows: 37 English weeklies, 12 German weeklies, 
 1 semi-weekly, 57 monthlies, 10 semi-monthlies, and 10 quarterlies. 
 They are devoted to almost every conceivable interest, and are of all 
 sizes and at all prices. Newspapers and periodicals can be obtained 
 of J. R. Hawley, 164 Vine Street ; Perry & Morton, 162 Vine 
 Street; Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue; and the Cincinnati 
 News Company, 181 Race Street. 
 
 Nourse, Miss Clara E. — For nineteen years Miss Nourse's 
 family and day school has been recognized as one of the worthy 
 educational institutions of Cincinnati. In 1879 i ts location was 
 removed to 166 West Seventh Street, where it occupies the " Coch- 
 nower House," one of the finest residences in the central portion 
 of the city. The school comprises an English department and a 
 French department. It is conducted by Miss Nourse, assisted by 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 143 
 
 fourteen competent teachers. The boarding-pupils are received into 
 the family residence of Miss Nourse on Park Avenue, Walnut Hills, 
 and are conveyed to and from the school in a private omnibus. Part 
 of the first floor of the school-building is occupied by Miss Good- 
 man's kindergarten. 
 
 Observatory, the Cincinnati, is situated on a four-acre lot on 
 Mount Lookout, and is now a department of the University of Cin- 
 cinnati. Here is placed the celebrated Mitchel telescope, one of the 
 most perfect instruments in the world. The focal length is 16 feet; 
 and the diameter of the object-glass is 11 inches, having magnifying 
 powers varying from 100 to 1,400 times. A regular course of instruc- 
 tion in mathematics and astronomy is given, with practical applica- 
 tions of the principles studied. H. T. Eddy is the professor of 
 astronomy and mathematics, and Ormond Stone the resident astron- 
 omer. The observatory may be reached by private conveyance, or 
 by the Elm-street line of horse-cars connecting with the Mount Look- 
 out steam dummy. (See Astronomical Society.) 
 
 Obstetrical Society, the Cincinnati, composed of prominent 
 obstetricians, holds monthly meetings at the homes of members. 
 The society is limited to twenty members. Dr. J. W. Underhill is 
 president. 
 
 Odd Fellows, Independent Order of. — There are 32 lodges of 
 this order in this city, composed of some 6,000 members. They have 
 a revenue of over S6o,ooo, and assets invested in government bonds 
 and other property amounting to over $300,000. The beautiful Odd 
 Fellows' Temple, on the corner of Fourth and Home Streets, cost 
 over $90,000, besides which the order has in different parts of the 
 city 14 lodge-rooms fitted up and furnished in handsome and appro- 
 priate style. Ohio Lodge No. 1, instituted in 1830, was the first 
 lodge west of Pittsburg, and is the parent lodge in the State of Ohio, 
 in which there are 647 lodges, and over 46,000 members. In addi- 
 tion to the lodges, there are 15 encampments, having over 1,600 mem- 
 bers, with investments valued at over $50,000. The 32 lodges are : 
 Ohio, 1; Washington, 2 ; Cincinnati, 3; Franklin, 4; William Penn, 
 56; Magnolia, 83; Eagle, 100; Fidelity, 71; Fulton, 112; Germania, 
 113; Metropolitan, 142 ; Woodward, 149; Mohawk, 150; American, 
 170; Palmetto, 175; Crystal Fount, 176; Tcutonia, 177; Vulcan, 178; 
 Hermann, 208; Queen City, 229; Mill-creek, 249: Humboldt, 274; 
 Xorth-western, 296; William Tell, 335; Losanteville, 336; Spencer, 
 
144 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 347; Eclipse, 348; Nathan Stewart, 388; Kirkup, 401; Globe, 470; 
 Moltke, 473; Fairmount, 480. The 15 encampments are : Wildey, 1 ; 
 Washington, 9; Cincinnati, 22; Mahketewah, 32; Schiller, 42; Phila- 
 delphon, 53; Hermann, 66; Charter Oak, 77 ; Anderson, 85 ; William 
 Tell, 109; Walnut Hills, 117; Covenant, 124; Mozart, 161; Ohio, 
 178; Pioneer, 2,7- In addition to the halls at Fourth and Home 
 Streets, the 14 lodge-rooms are : Eagle Hall, south-west corner Eighth 
 Street and Central Avenue; William Penn Hall, north-east corner 
 Eighth Street and Central Avenue ; Globe Hall, Ninth Street and 
 Central Avenue ; Magnolia Hall, Sixth and Walnut ; Queen-city 
 Hall, Eighth and Freeman Streets; Vulcan Hall, Martin Street; 
 Fulton Hall, Eastern Avenue ; Spencer Hall, Eastern Avenue ; Ger- 
 mania Hall, Court Street; Kirkup Hall, corner Curtis and Gilbert 
 Avenue ; Moltke Hall, Freeman Street ; Mill-creek Hall, Cummins- 
 ville; Nathan Stewart Hall, 21st Ward; Fidelity Hall, Clinton and 
 Cutter Streets. 
 
 Ohio, one of the five States into which the North-west Territory 
 was divided, and of which Cincinnati is the metropolis, contains 
 39,964 square miles, and in 1870 had a population of 2,665,260 per- 
 sons. The first permanent settlement was made near the mouth of 
 the Muskingum River by a party of 47 persons, mostly New-Eng- 
 landers, under the leadership of Gen. Rufus Putnam, son of Israel 
 Putnam of Revolutionary fame. They started on their long journey 
 in the autumn of 1787, and reached their destination in the spring 
 of the following year. The little town was named Marietta, in honor 
 of Marie Antoinette, the unfortunate wife of Louis XVI. From this 
 time the immigration, chiefly from the New-England States, was so 
 constant, that in 1802 Ohio was admitted to the Union. Ohio is 210 
 miles from north to south, 200 miles from east to west, has a navi- 
 gable frontier on the south, through the windings of the Ohio River, 
 of 430 miles, has a lake shore on the north of 200 miles, and in 1875 
 ranked as the third State in population, wealth, and power. The 
 word Ohio, which is of Indian origin, is said to mean "beautiful." 
 It is also said to mean "bloody" and "white." The State is univer- 
 sally known as the Buckeye State. 
 
 Ohio College of Dental Surgery. — Established in 1845. The 
 building is on the west side of College Street, between Sixth and 
 Seventh Streets. The regular session each year commences in Octo- 
 ber, and ends in March. Fees: lectures, $75; matriculation, $5; 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 14 7 
 
 demonstrator of anatomy, $5 ; graduation, $20. A spring session is 
 also held, for which the fees are $30 additional. The branches taught 
 are clinical dentistry, mechanical dentistry, anatomy, physiology, his- 
 tology, pathology, therapeutics, chemistry, microscopy, operative den- 
 tistry, and hygiene. H. A. Smith is dean. 
 
 Ohio Mechanics' Institute. — On the south-west corner of Sixth 
 and Vine Streets. The Institute was incorporated in 1829. From 
 a small beginning, it encountered many drawbacks and difficulties 
 from debt ; but is now, and has been for years, on a solid foundation, 
 owning the valuable building devoted to its uses. A large portion 
 of the immense library it once possessed has been transferred to the 
 Public Library. Five managers of the Industrial Exposition are 
 chosen from the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. Besides the rooms de- 
 voted to the uses of the Institute in their large building, there is a 
 public hall, known as Greenwood Hall, occupying the entire third 
 story. The ground-floor is rented for business purposes. The struc- 
 ture is of Gothic architecture, ninety by seventy-five feet, and one 
 hundred feet high. It is an ornament to the city. 
 
 Ohio Medical College Dispensary, one of the great charities of 
 the city, is located in the building of the Medical College of Ohio. 
 All sick persons who apply are supplied with medicines, and treated 
 free of charge. An hour or more is devoted each day to this great 
 humane work by the faculty of the college. From six thousand to 
 eight thousand patients are treated annually. During the lecture- 
 season students of the college are admitted to the clinic, but the 
 dispensary is open every day during the year. 
 
 Ohio River, upon the banks of which Cincinnati is situated, is 
 one of the most important rivers of the United States, and is formed 
 by the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers at 
 Pittsburg, Penn., whence it flows in a south-westerly direction, divid- 
 ing Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the right, from Virginia and Ken- 
 tucky on the left. Its entire length is 950 miles, and it enters the 
 Mississippi River 1,216 miles from the mouth of the latter river. 
 Its most important tributaries are the Wabash, Cumberland, Muskin- 
 gum, Kanawha, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Its medium breadth is 
 1,800 feet, and opposite Cincinnati its elevation above the level of 
 the sea is 414 feet. The navigable waters of the Ohio and its tribu- 
 taries are estimated at 5,000 miles ; and the extent of area drained, at 
 200,000 square miles. 
 
148 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Old Men's Home. — A. M. Taylor of New Jersey left $10,000 
 for a home for aged and indigent men, provided $50,000 more should 
 be raised for the same purpose. To secure this, an organization was 
 effected, and a canvass for subscriptions begun and carried through 
 successfully, the work being done almost wholly by Edward Sargent. 
 In 1879 an arrangement was made with the trustees of the Widows' 
 Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women to erect a build- 
 ing supplying the needs of both institutions. (See Widows' and Old 
 Men's Home.) The trustees are John Shillito, Anthony H. H inkle, 
 and Edward Sargent. 
 
 Old Streets, Boundaries, and Incidents. — In the winter of 
 1831-32 a flood submerged the whole lower level of the city. Water 
 rose to the second stories of the highest houses on Front Street. 
 Steamboats passed through Second (at that time Columbia) Street. 
 A large number of the original citizens lived near the river; and it 
 was not until the " miserable Yankees " came, and made a fuss about 
 fever and ague, ',' and such aboriginal invigorators," that people who 
 were " anybody " lived on the hill, — say Fourth Street. Front Street, 
 from Walnut west to Elm, was lined by beautiful homes. The wharf 
 was the meeting-place, especially Sunday morning. There the best 
 townsmen exchanged the news; took a quiet "nip" at the "Orleans 
 Coffee-house," situated just east of Main Street on the Public 
 Wharf, and surrounded by a large open garden; and thence went 
 to church. Joseph Darr, the proprietor of the coffee-house, just 
 deceased, lived in and owned the large mansion south-east corner 
 Seventh and Race. The chief business-streets were Main and 
 Lower Market, now East Pearl. Pearl Street was opened in 1832; 
 and at what is now its intersection with Main, stood a large tavern, 
 with a large wagon-yard into which teamsters drove. This tavern 
 was bought from Daniel Home by merchants, who built a row of 
 four-story brick stores, thought at the time to be the finest in 
 America, some of which are still standing on the north side of 
 the street. The projectors of this first great commercial enterprise 
 were Goodman & Emerson, Carlisle & White, J. D. & C. Jones, 
 C. & J. Bates, Foote & Bowler, Blachly & Simpson, Reeves & 
 McLean, David Griffin, and John R. Coram. Pearl Street, west of 
 Walnut, was opened in 1844. Fifth Street, except from Main to 
 Vine, was occupied by cheap residences ; and a wooden market- 
 house filled the space now occupied by the Esplanade. About 1833 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 149 
 
 Broadway and East Fourth began to be pretentious as desirable resi- 
 dence streets. Prior to 1841 Fourth Street west of Walnut, as far 
 as Plum, was a beautiful street. In 1841 improvements were made 
 west of Plum, and gradually reached the "fence" which ended the 
 street at what is now Wood Street. In 1832 Columbia (now Second) 
 Street was merely a dirty creek, crossed by wooden bridges at all 
 intersections west of Walnut. No business of importance was done 
 west of Main. The wharfage was between Main and Broadway; and 
 even as late as 1846 the Wharf-space was a great mud-hole, sprinkled 
 with coarse gravel. All transportation was done by river, by canal, 
 or by country wagons. As late as 1S42 the Little Miami Railroad 
 opened the State of Ohio, and about 1848 the Madison and Indian- 
 apolis Railroad the State of Indiana. In 1840 streets beyond the 
 canal were simply unmacadamized roadways. Central Avenue was 
 then Western Row, which north of Court Street ran through pas- 
 tures. Nearly every family kept a cow ; and the cows were driven 
 to the pastures in the morning, and were turned loose to wander 
 home at night to be milked in the alleys and side-yards. The great 
 characteristics of a city were not to be seen in Cincinnati until about 
 1S48, when a " hog-law " drove those " first scavengers " from the 
 streets. Ash-piles were condemned, and the city supplied with water 
 and gas. Most of the houses were cheaply built, and but few men 
 kept carriages. There were only a few schools worthy of note. The 
 merchants often entertained customers at their homes, and the gen- 
 eral habits of pioneer simplicity prevailed. Turnpikes from the city 
 were built between 1834 and 1840, and many of the citizens of to-day 
 remember the mud-roads to Walnut Hills. Prior to 1840, Clifton was 
 unknown. Cumminsville, now the 25th ward, and Camp Washing- 
 ton, now the 24th ward, were all farms. The " sports " gathered at 
 a mile race-track, south of the old Brighton House, where the John- 
 street horse-car stables are. The principal drives were up the river- 
 bank to "Corbin's," or down to old Joe Harrison's place. Only 
 occasional pleasure-parties ascended the hills, and then chiefly to- 
 wards Cleves. The "down-river" road found all the fast horses, and 
 Joe Harrison gave them good cheer. A few elegant homes, some 
 yet in good condition, lined the hill-side of the road which was 
 approached by Front Street, and by a road, the Sixth Street of the 
 present time. West of Western Row ; Sixth Street was not improved 
 much earlier than 1840. A great orchard stood on a high bank west 
 
15° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 of Park Street; milk yards and brick-kilns generally occupied that 
 locality. The pioneers of wealth in that street were Abraham M 
 Taylor (who recently gave $10,000 towards the Old Men's Home), 
 James Taylor, William Neff, J P Tweed, Ambrose Dudley, Pollock 
 Wilson, 11 W. Derby, and others. The great Barr Estate was north 
 of Sixth Street, and was subdivided after 1843, anc ^ trie Hunt or 
 Pendleton Estate at the head of Broadway about 1846. In that 
 neighborhood few houses were seen. The pork-houses were on 
 Sycamore and Canal Streets; the wholesale dry-goods houses, on 
 Pearl and Main Streets ; and the large grocery-houses, on Main, 
 Front, and Pearl Streets. Such is a faint outline of what the great 
 city of Cincinnati was only forty years ago — From Notes of George 
 W. Jones. 
 
 Opera-Houses. — See Amusements 
 
 Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, connected with the Pulte 
 Medical College, is devoted to the homoeopathic treatment of dis- 
 eases of the eye and ear. The poor are treated free of charge. 
 
 Orangemen. — There are about eighty active Orangemen in the 
 city. They constitute the True 'Blue Lodge, which meets semi- 
 monthly at Odd-Fellows' Hall, north-east corner of Fourth and Home 
 Streets. 
 
 Organ, the Great, in Music Hall, is one of the largest and finest 
 in the world. It was built in Boston, but the artistic screen of wild 
 cherry was designed and carved by residents of Cincinnati. It is 60 
 feet high, 50 feet front, 30 feet deep. It has 96 registers, 6,237 pipes, 
 32 bells, 14 pedal-movements, and 4 keyboards of 61 notes each. 
 Its cash cost was $32,000. A description, with illustrations, in pam- 
 phlet form, edited by George Ward Nichols, is for sale by the 
 superintendent of the hall, price ten cents. The organ can be visited 
 week-days from four to 6 p.m. An organ concert, by George E. 
 Whiting, takes place Wednesday and Saturday afternoons at half- 
 past two o'clock; admission, 25 cents. 
 
 Orphan Asylum, the Cincinnati, the oldest charity of the kind 
 in the West, was chartered in 1833. It is situated at Mount Auburn, 
 and is conducted by ladies, but its finances are managed by gentle- 
 men. The institution is Protestant, but not sectarian, and is sup- 
 ported by an endowment-fund, subscriptions, and contributions. The 
 policy of the management differs somewhat from that of other 
 orphan-asylums, in that it aims to secure greater chances of useful- 
 
Picturesque Cinicnnati. 151 
 
 ness and respectability to the children, by keeping them in the insti- 
 tution longer than they are usually kept, and by giving them the 
 benefits of a common-school education. A kindergarten, which had 
 thirty children last year, is attached to the institution; and the older 
 children attend regularly the public school on Mount Auburn, the 
 average number of the latter being seventy. Between school-hours 
 and during vacation, the children are trained in domestic work. 
 About seventeen thousand children have been cared for by this 
 institution since its organization. Mrs. A. D. Bullock is president, 
 Mrs. George Fox recording secretary. 
 
 Orphan Asylums. — See Boys' Protectory, Children's Home, 
 Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, German Prot- 
 estant Orphan Asylum, Newsboys' Home, St. Aloysius' Orphan 
 Asylum, St. Peter's and St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum,- — all noticed 
 in their alphabetical places. 
 
 Orpheus, the Cincinnati. — A musical association having about 
 a hundred members of both sexes. Weekly practice-meetings are 
 held in the hall of the German Mutual Insurance Company's build- 
 ing, at the south-west corner of Twelfth and Walnut Streets. 
 
 Out-door Poor. — So called because they cannot be admitted to 
 the Infirmary. They are widows with families, and men out of work, 
 whose families would suffer if not relieved by the city authorities. 
 They are supplied with a limited amount of provisions and coal, on 
 certificates issued by the sanitary police detailed for the purpose. 
 The city is divided into twelve poor-districts. Provisions arc issued 
 from the Infirmary office, on Plum Street, between Seventh and 
 Eighth Streets. 
 
 Overseers of the Poor. — Formerly the "out-door poor" had 
 their wants attended to by a board of twenty-five overseers, one 
 from each ward, at a salary of $600 each per annum. These over- 
 seers have been discontinued, and their duty devolved upon the 
 sanitary police. 
 
 " Over-the-Rhine " is a name designating the district lying in 
 the angle formed by the "elbow" of the canal, east of Plum Street, 
 north of Canal or Eleventh Street, and south of the northern circle 
 of hills. It contains part of the 9th, the 7th, 10th, nth, and 13th 
 wards. It is the most densely populated portion of the city, and is 
 inhabited by about twenty-five thousand persons, almost exclusively 
 Germans, and Americans of German, descent. Music Hall is situ- 
 
152 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 atecl in this district. Innumerable variety-shows, beer-gardens, and 
 other places of amusement and recreation, are in its precincts. It 
 is a famous place of resort at all times, but especially on Sunday, for 
 those who love excitement and beer. There is no sabbath " Over- 
 the-Rhine." Nearly all the business-houses are kept open seven days 
 in the week, and many saloons all night. 
 
 Painters. — A. W. Corwine, a miniature-painter, was, about 1820, 
 the first artist of ability whose name occurs in the annals of Cincin- 
 nati ; a few years afterward came Thomas Dawson ; and about twenty 
 years ago William Miller was a miniature-painter, well remembered 
 by many of the present generation of Cincinnatians. A. Hervieu, 
 who accompanied Fanny Wright on her second journey to this 
 country, became a resident of the city, and was probably the first 
 historical and landscape painter in the West. One of his large 
 paintings was "The Landing of Lafayette in Cincinnati in 1825." 
 All traces of this painting have been lost, but it is believed to have 
 been taken to Europe. Hervieu was employed by Mrs. Frances 
 Trollope; and only a few years ago his decorations could yet be seen 
 on the panels of the doors of her country-house now standing on the 
 south-west corner of McMicken Avenue and Dunlap Street. In the 
 early part of the decade of 1830-40, James H. Beard began painting 
 portraits, and tried various branches of art, until in 1846 he moved 
 to New York; but since that time he has resided for short periods 
 in this city, where Frank Beard, his son, did his first work. Miner 
 K. Kellogg, and William II. Powell, the painter of " De Soto discov- 
 ering the Mississippi River," were local contemporaries of Beard. 
 E. Hall Martin, a native of this city, painted portraits and genre 
 subjects. Thomas Buchanan Read, painter and poet, was one of the 
 Cincinnati artists of forty years ago; his first attempts being in 1839, 
 in sculpture. Somewhat later than Read, W. L. Sonntag, and W. 
 W. Whittredge, known as Worthington Whittredge, made in Cin- 
 cinnati their first efforts at landscape-painting, and were prominent 
 among the local artists until the decade of 1850-60. Joseph O. 
 Eaton about the same time was the painter of many excellent por- 
 traits and other works; but, after spending some years here, he 
 moved to New York. John R. Johnson, born in Cincinnati, was 
 also a contemporary, but remained to a later period until his re- 
 moval to Baltimore. C. T. Webber, another of the same group, is 
 still a resident of this city, where he has practised his profession for 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. J 53 
 
 thirty years. His portrait of Gov. Charles Anderson is a noted 
 specimen of great skill. Edwin C. Cridland, a pupil of Beard, began 
 here about 1850. John R. Tait, a native of this city, has spent most 
 of his time in Europe, and, after short periods of residence in Cin- 
 cinnati, has become a resident of Baltimore. Mrs. Lily Martin 
 Spencer was a well-known painter from 1S50 to i860. About the 
 same period there were R. S. Duncanson, " a man of color as well as 
 a colorisi," who was a landscape-painter, having a high imaginative 
 power; Charles R. Soule, the portrait-painter; and A. H. Wyant, 
 who began about 1858. J. E. F. Hillen, an unrivalled sketcher of 
 trees and foliage, and Fabronius, an equal master of heads, have a 
 place in the record of artists in this city about i860; and G. Rossi, 
 an Italian, was one of their contemporaries. Thomas C. Lindsay, 
 a prolific landscape-artist, has pursued his industrious career in Cin- 
 cinnati for at least twenty years. Henry W. Kemper, a landscape- 
 painter, lately returned after an absence of fifteen years, was born 
 here ; and Dwight Benton, now a resident of Rome, dates his career 
 as a landscape-artist from the time of his residence in this city, about 
 1865. George Sharpies, artist and cotton-merchant, was devoted to 
 landscape-painting for a few years in the present decade. John 
 Aubrey has been engaged in painting portraits for the past twenty 
 years. About 1S60 Theo. Jones was a noted local caricaturist ; and 
 William P. Noble, born here, was devoted to the same work, as well 
 as to painting in water-colors. William Winter, 1860-70, merits 
 special mention for prominence in water-color portraits. E. D. Graf- 
 ton, now so well known, has for many years been a painter in water- 
 colors and an unrivalled arabesque artist. A majority of the later 
 artists were educated at Munich. Franz Duveneck has acquired 
 fame ; and his works have been highly appreciated, especially in 
 Boston. Henry Mosler has the honor of having some of his works 
 admitted into the Paris Salon ; and one of them was bought by the 
 French Government for the Luxembourg Gallery. John Twachtmann 
 has left here, and gone to New York, where he has met with much 
 success. Henry F. Farny is a resident artist, of varied talent. J. II. 
 Decamp is now a student at Munich; and Frank Strobridge, affer a 
 short life full of promise, died in 1879. Vi the "Spanish-Roman 
 Set," Alfred Brennan and Robert Blum are in New York; and 
 Kenyon Cox is studying in Paris. Thomas S. Noble was a pupil 
 of Couture, and is the painter of many works of merit. Among the 
 
154 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 many artists who have been here for brief periods were Eastman 
 Johnson, F. C. Welch, William M. Chase, Victor Nehlig, John 
 Mulvany, Ira C. Dennis, and E, F. Andrews. 
 
 Paris of America is a name really given to this city by " The 
 Cincinnati Commercial." One Monday morning in the early part 
 of 1878, in " The Commercial's " local columns, edited at that time 
 by Edwin Henderson, appeared a long report of the varied and nu- 
 merous amusements taking place on the Sunday preceding; and at 
 the head of the report was the line "The Paris of America," — a 
 phrase eminently suggestive of Sunday revelry, and which at once 
 became popular. Newspapers, railroads, shows, and advertisers have 
 used it so much as an attractive catch-line, that it has become a gen- 
 erally recognized name for Cincinnati. The term has been occasion- 
 ally applied to Cincinnati for more than ten years, and originated 
 from an address by Judge George Hoadly, when he prophesied that 
 Cincinnati would be "a city fair to the sight, with a healthy public 
 spirit, and high intelligence, sound to the core ; a city with pure 
 water to drink, pure air to breathe, spacious public grounds, wide 
 avenues; a city not merely of much traffic, but of delightful homes; 
 a city of manufactures, wherein is made every product of art, — the 
 needle-gun, the steam-engine, the man of learning, the woman of 
 accomplishments; a city of resort for the money-profits of its deal- 
 ings, and the mental and spiritual profit of its culture, — the Edin- 
 boro' of a new Scotland, the Boston of a new New England, the 
 Paris of a new France." Shortly afterwards the phrase, " Paris of 
 America," was applied to Cincinnati; and in "The Queen City," a 
 history and guide of the city in 1869, George E. Stevens says, " It 
 has been no idle fancy that has styled Cincinnati the ' Paris of 
 America.' " 
 
 Parks. — There are nine public parks in the city limits : viz., Eden 
 Park, Burnet-woods Park, Lincoln Park, Washington Park, Hopkins 
 Park, Mount Lookout Park, Eighth-street Park, City Park, and 
 Water-works Park; all of which are described in> their alphabetical 
 places. 
 
 Pendleton. — That portion of the city lying on the river-front, at 
 the base of the hills, south-east of Walnut Hills, and east of Fulton, 
 extending to Sportsman's Hall, three miles and a half from Fountain 
 Square. It constitutes a portion of the 1st ward. At its eastern 
 limit are the depots of the Columbia and Mount Lookout steam 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 155 
 
 dummy railroad. The Elm-street line of horse-cars connect with the 
 dummy. The Little Miami Railroad also has a station here. 
 
 Pharmaceutical Examining Board consists of three members, 
 appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. They are chosen from 
 ten pharmacists nominated by the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. 
 The province of -the board is to examine applicants in chemistry, 
 materia medica, and pharmacy, so as to determine their qualifications 
 as retail druggists and dispensing pharmacists. The board grants 
 two certificates, — a first-grade certificate authorizing the holder to 
 register before this board and conduct a retail drug-business ; and a 
 second-grade certificate, making the holder a " qualified assistant 
 pharmacist." Holders of first-grade certificates, and graduates of 
 recognized colleges of pharmacy, are registered; and by a law en- 
 acted in 1873, an d amended in 1875, all persons in the retail drug- 
 business must be registered. The examining-board holds session 
 bi-monthly, in February, April, June, August, October, and De- 
 cember. 
 
 Philosophical Society. — See Historical and Philosophical So- 
 ciety of Ohio. 
 
 Phoenix Club. — The largest and most fashionable of the Israelite 
 clubs. It occupies a fine building on the north-east corner of Court 
 Street and Central Avenue, to which the club removed when its for- 
 mer club-house on Walnut Street was torn down to make room for 
 the new government buildings now being erected. The present 
 building was remodelled in 1874, at a cost of $60,000. It contains, 
 besides a large hall for balls and parties, 12 large social rooms, a 
 restaurant, supper-room, billiard-rooms, library-room, and reading- 
 room, the whole elegantly furnished. There are 240 members. An- 
 nual subscription, S60. 
 
 Physicians, Surgeons, and Dentists. — It often occurs that a 
 stranger in a city has need of medical or surgical aid, and is timid 
 about asking the advice of an acquaintance, or wants confidence in 
 intrusting himself to practitioners unknown to him. For this reason 
 the publishers have given below the names of some practitioners who 
 rank unquestionably among the most highly esteemed, the mcst suc- 
 cessful, and the most trustworthy persons of their profession ; and 
 the publishers wish to state very clearly that no personal or pecun- 
 iary considerations whatever, directly or indirectly, have influenced 
 them in the selection of the names given. The men have already 
 
156 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 established their reputations by long residence and success, or by 
 being intrusted with professorships at medical colleges and respon- 
 sible appointments at hospitals. It is necessary to add that the list 
 is only a small part of the large number of eminently respectable and 
 able physicians, surgeons, and dentists, and that there are many prac- 
 titioners in this city, whose names are not given for want of space, 
 who, in the judgment of the ablest experts, rank equal in every par- 
 ticular to those whose names are found below. It is also necessary 
 to warn a stranger, likely to be influenced by advertisements, to keep 
 away from the doctors who advertise. For a person once getting 
 into the hands of a quack — and quacks are numerous among the 
 great advertisers in a profession — will very likely pay dearly for 
 his experience. A person afflicted in any manner whatsoever can 
 always safely intrust himself to the care of a regular practitioner in 
 first-class standing ; and to aid in finding such practitioners this list 
 can be relied on. 
 
 General Surgeons. — W. W. Dawson, professor of surgery and 
 dean at the Medical College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Good 
 Samaritan Hospital ; office, north-west corner Third and Broadway. 
 P. S. Conner, professor of anatomy and surgery at the Medical 
 College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 159 
 West Ninth Street. C. S. Muscroft, sen., surgeon at the Cincinnati 
 Hospital and the St. Mary's Hospital ; office, 335 John. N. Pendle- 
 ton Dandridge, pathologist at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 57 East 
 Fourth Street. 
 
 General Practitioners. — William Carson, physician at the Cincin- 
 nati Hospital ; office, 53 East Fourth. C. G. Comegys, physician at 
 the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 163 Elm. James T. Whittaker, pro- 
 fessor of medicine at the Medical College of Ohio, and physician at 
 the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 100 West Eighth. Joshua W. 
 Underhill, professor of Materia Medica and therapeutics at the Cin- 
 cinnati College of Medicine and Surgery; office, 434 John Street. 
 John A. Murphy, professor of medicine and dean of Miami Medical 
 College, and physician at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 163 West 
 Seventh. Willian Clendenin, professor of anatomy at the Miami 
 Medical College, and formerly the health-officer of Cincinnati; office, 
 136 West Seventh. 
 
 Gynecologists and Obstetricians. — Thaddeus A. Reamy, professor 
 of obstetrics and diseases of children at Medical College of Ohio, 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 157 
 
 and gynaecologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 278 West 
 Fourth Street. William H. Taylor, professor of obstetrics at the 
 Miami Medical College, and obstetrician at the Cincinnati Hospital ; 
 office, 329 West Seventh Street. C. D. Palmer, professor of diseases 
 of women and gynaecology at the Medical College of Ohio ; office, 
 south-east corner Baymiller and Findlay. 
 
 Aurists and Oculists. — Elkanah Williams, one of the most cele- 
 brated oculists in America, and professor of ophthalmology at the 
 Miami Medical College ; office, 64 West Seventh. W. W. Seely, 
 professor of diseases of the eye and ear at the Medical College of 
 Ohio, and ophthalmologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital ; office, 
 south-east corner of Fourth and Broadway. Joseph Aub, professor 
 of diseases of the eye and ear at the Cincinnati College of Medicine 
 and Surgery, and oculist at the Cincinnati Hospital ; office, 84 West- 
 Seventh. 
 
 Homceopathists. — T. C. Bradford, who has practised homoeopathy 
 in this city for more than twenty years ; office, 215 Race. J. D. Buck, 
 professor of physiology and microscopy at the Pulte Medical Col- 
 lege ; office, 305 Race. S. R. Beckwith, a teacher of homoeopathy 
 for more consecutive years than any person in this country, and for 
 several years professor of surgery at the Pulte Medical College, and 
 Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital College; office, 161 West Seventh 
 Street. 
 
 Eclectic Practitioner. — A. J. Howe, professor of surgery at the 
 Eclectic Medical Institute ; office, north-west corner Fourth and 
 Main. 
 
 Dentists. — Jonathan Taft, author of several works on dentistry, 
 and for many years dean of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and 
 now professor of dentistry and clean of the dental college connected 
 with the University of Michigan; office, 117 West Fourth Street. 
 James Taylor, professor of dentistry at the Ohio College of Dental 
 Surgery; office, 171 Elm Street. L. P. Meredith, a dentist of long 
 experience and extensive practice, and author of several works on 
 dentistry; office, 197 West Fourth Street. D. W. Clancey, clinical 
 instructor at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, north-east corner 
 Seventh and John Streets. 
 
 Specialist in Diseases of the Throat. — Bernard Tauber, professor 
 of acoustics and anatomy of the ear and larynx at the College of 
 Music; office, 157 West Ninth Street 
 

 THE STOCK IN THIS DEPARTMENT EMBRACES COMPLETE LINES OF 
 
 LADIES', MEN'S, AND CHILDREN'S 
 
 <3<*>lt<$tfi, Silk, MefiM/W6^)l H6^e 
 
 IN ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES. 
 OF ALL WEIGHTS AND QUALITIES. 
 
 G1& ve^, 
 
 Newest styles and colorings in Kid, Chamois, Dogskin, Pigskin, and "Fur; also, 
 Berlin, Cloth, Cashmere, and Silk Gloves. 
 
 ALSO, IN THIS DEPARTMENT, 
 IN LARGE VARIETY. 
 
 The great variety and range of goods classed under the head of Notions renders 
 any thing like a complete list impossible. 
 
 Full assortments of staple notions constantly on hand, and all the novelties added as 
 fast as they appear. 
 
 •58 , 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 159 
 
 Physio-Medical Institute. — Located on the north-west corner 
 of Seventh and Cutter Streets. The " doctrines of a vital force and 
 the rejection of poisons are taught." 
 
 Pike's Opera-House, in the massive building belonging to the 
 estate of the late Samuel N. Pike, on the south side of Fourth Street, 
 between Walnut and Vine, was the most elegant hall in the city. It 
 had a parquette, parquette-circle, dress-circle, gallery, and four pros- 
 cenium-boxes. The dress-circle had eight box-stalls on either side, 
 next the stage, each seating four persons. The whole seating ca- 
 pacity was two thousand. The hall is now used by the Cincinnati 
 Chamber of Commerce. It is on the second floor, and is approached 
 from Fourth Street by one wide and two narrow stairways. The 
 building stands on the site of the old Pike's Opera-House, which 
 was destroyed by fire in 1866. It is only one square south of Foun- 
 tain 'Square, and is therefore easily accessible by all the street-railroad 
 lines. 
 
 Pioneer Association, the Cincinnati, was organized in 1856, 
 of ladies and gentlemen who had resided in Ohio prior to the 4th of 
 July, 181 2. Subseqently the limit for membership was changed to 
 the year 1S15. Quarterly business-meetings in March, June, Septem- 
 ber, and December, are held in the Council Chamber of the City 
 Building. On the 4th of July, the birthday of American Indepen- 
 dence ; on the 7th of April, the anniversary of the settlement of 
 Ohio; and on the 28th of December, the recognized date of the 
 settlement of Cincinnati, — on all those days the formal and festive 
 gatherings and excursions take place. Since the organization was 
 formed, about four hundred members have died, and their funerals 
 were attended by the surviving members. There are now about three 
 hundred members ; and the whole cost to each member for enrolment- 
 fee and clues has been only $1. The president is John S. Perkins; 
 and the secretary is John D. Caldwell, who, although not by birth 
 entitled to membership, is, however, by adoption, one of the most 
 honored and active members, and has held his present position for 
 almost a score of years. 
 
 Police. — The police-force of Cincinnati is controlled by the mayor. 
 The executive officer is the superintendent, and next to him is the 
 inspector. The patrolmen are directly controlled by 19 lieutenants 
 and 13 sergeants, distributed among ten police-districts, each contain- 
 ing a station-house, to which a certain number of patrolmen report. 
 
WOOLLEN DEPARTMENT. 
 
 In this department we offer full lines of the BEST KNOWN MAKES at very attrac- 
 tive prices. 
 
 FLANNELS. 
 
 WHITE, SCARLET, GRAY, AND BLUE, IN PLAIN AND TWILLS. 
 
 PLAID, STRIPED, PLAIN, AND PRINTED OPERAS, SHIRTING AND DRESS 
 
 FLANNELS, ALL GRADES. 
 
 WOOLLENS. 
 
 CASSIMERES, REPELLENTS, LADIES' CLOTHS, 
 
 UNION AND ALL-WOOL BEAVERS, 
 
 FANCY CLOAKINGS, SUITINGS, BROADCLOTHS, 
 
 DOESKINS, ETC. 
 
 Of the best American and Foreign makes. 
 
 KENTUCKY JEANS, UNION AND ALL-WOOL FILLINGS. 
 
 Unequalled assortment. 
 
 BLANKETS. 
 
 WHITE BLANKETS, 
 
 From crib size to the largest made. 
 
 COLORED BLANKETS, 
 
 All shades and weights. 
 
 HORSE BLANKETS, 
 
 One and two strap, all grades. 
 
 THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY. 
 
 160 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 161 
 
 The rank and file of the force for the year 1882 numbered 283. Ten 
 patrolmen are detailed as detectives, and do not wear uniforms while 
 on duty. During the year 1882 the number of arrests made was 
 13,642. Of these, 9,427 were for crimes and misdemeanors, and 
 4,215 for safe-keeping; the latter being discharged without trial 
 before the police-court. The salary of the superintendent is $2,500 
 per annum; inspector, $1,500; lieutenants, $900 each; and patrol- 
 men, g8oo each. The total cost of the department in 1S82 was 
 $271,310. It is probably the most efficient, and at the same time 
 the least expensive, of the police-departments of this country. The 
 cost to each resident is about $1, while in New York the cost is 
 about $3.50. 
 
 Police-Stations. — The city is divided into ten police-districts, 
 each having a station-house for the temporary confinement of arrested 
 persons. At each station-house a certain number of policemen re- 
 port, morning and evening, for roll-call. The station-houses are 
 situated as follows: 1st district, Ninth Street, near Central Avenue; 
 2d, Hammond Street, between Third and Fourth ; 3d, Bremen Street, 
 between Fifteenth and Liberty; 4th, Third Street, west of Mill Street; 
 5th, corner Linn and Oliver Streets; 6th, Fulton ; 7th, Walnut Hills; 
 8th, Corryville ; 9th, Sedamsville; 10th, Cumminsville. 
 
 Population, according to United-States census, was in 1800,750; 
 1810, 2,540; 1820, 9,602; 1830, 24,831; 1840, 46,338; 1850, 115,436; 
 i860, 161,044; 1870, 216,239. Of the population in 1870, there were 
 79,612 foreigners, including 49,448 born in Germany, 18,624 m I re " 
 land, 3,526 in England, 2,093 m France. 210,335 were white, and 
 5,904 colored. In 1880 the population numbered 255,708. 
 
 Porkopolis is one of the names by which Cincinnati is known, 
 and its origin is explained in the following manner : About 1825 
 George W. Jones, president of the United-States branch-bank, and 
 known as " Bank Jones," was very enthusiastic about the fact that 
 25,000 to 30,000 hogs were being killed in this city every year ; and 
 in his letters to the bank's Liverpool correspondent he never failed 
 to mention the fact, and express his hope of Cincinnati's future great- 
 ness as a provision-market. The correspondent, after receiving a 
 number of these letters, had a unique pair of model hogs made of 
 papier-mache, and sent them to " George W. Jones as the worthy 
 representative of Porkopolis." The hogs were kept in the bank 
 until it closed, and were then taken care of by Mr. Jones, who a few 
 
1 62 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 years before his death handed them over to John W. Coleman, one 
 of the largest slaughterers at the time ; and he in turn passed them 
 over to H. A. Bowman, superintendent of the Miami stock-yards, 
 who leaves them at the office of Samuel Davis, jun., & Co. 
 
 Pork-Packers' Association of Cincinnati dates its organization 
 Oct. 30, 1872, and has for its object the promotion of the interests of 
 the provision-trade by securing concert of action and a free inter- 
 change of opinion, and by submitting recommendations as to rules 
 for the government of the provision-trade of this city to the Chamber 
 of Commerce for consideration. Its members comprise the leading 
 pork-packers of Cincinnati, and to its deliberation the present code 
 of laws for the government of the local provision-trade is largely 
 traceable. It was the first to take the lead in granting reciprocal 
 judicial privileges to the members of other commercial organizations, 
 adopting a like rule throughout the country. It has made exhibitions 
 at Vienna and at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition, and has always 
 been influential in the council of the National Pork-Packers' Asso- 
 ciation. The room used is set apart for the association by the 
 Chamber of Commerce, to which it is a recognized adjunct ; all 
 members of the Association being members of the Chamber, and 
 all members of the Chamber having free access to all privileges of 
 the Association-rooms. 
 
 Portsmouth, Big Sandy, and Pomeroy Packet Company, the 
 Cincinnati, owns eight boats. Of these " The Ohio, No. 4," " The 
 Telegraph," and "The Potomac" make daily trips to Pomeroy, O. ; 
 " The Bostona " and " The Fleetwood," daily trips to Huntington, 
 W. Va., where they connect with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad ; 
 "The Bonanza," tri-weekly trips to Portsmouth, O. ; "The Wild- 
 wood," tri-weekly trips to Maysville, Ky. ; and "The City of Ports- 
 mouth," daily trips (except Sundays) to Chilo, O. The company also 
 does a general towing-business, and for this purpose owns three 
 boats, "The T. W. Means," "The Etna," and "The Cobb Cecil," 
 and about twenty barges. " The A. L. Norton," also owned by this 
 company, is used for transient passenger business. The president 
 is John Kyle, the secretary T. M. Holloway, and the superintendent 
 Louis Glenn. 
 
 Post-Office Statistics. — The total receipts of the Cincinnati 
 post-office for the year 1882 were $623,062.48, and the total expenses 
 only $191,742.34. There were 36,931 money-orders issued, from which 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 165 
 
 the total receipts, with the fees therefor, were $531,629.62; number 
 of money-orders paid were 195,564; amount paid out on orders, 
 52,521,809.70; number of letter-carriers employed, 100; total num- 
 ber of pieces mail-matter handled, 28,701,952 ; number of letters 
 advertised, 24,727; sent to Dead-Letter Office, 263,015; total num- 
 ber of pieces mail-matter distributed, 50,369,450 ; second-class matter 
 mailed by publishers, 2,785,315 pounds ; postage on second-class 
 'matter, $57,056.00 ; number of letters registered, 38,932 ; number of 
 registered letters received for delivery, 152,316; number of registered 
 packages handled in transit, 328,206. 
 
 Post-office, the, is in the building on the south-west corner of 
 Fourth and Vine Streets, and occupies the basement and the west 
 half of the first floor; in which latter are the registry and money- 
 order departments and the offices of the postmaster and his secre- 
 tary. The present quarters are much too small ; and the post-office, 
 with all its various departments, will be moved into the building now 
 being erected by the United-States Government, as soon as it is 
 completed. Col. S. A. Whitfield is postmaster. (See Custom- 
 House, and see Government Building.) 
 
 Pottery, Artistic. — Manufacturing in Cincinnati has become a 
 recognized and important industry. At the Industrial Exposition 
 held in this city in 1882, the most exquisite and tasteful designs and 
 rare specimens were exhibited, and attracted marked attention from 
 lovers of the beautiful in art. Numerous and large orders were 
 given from all parts of the United States for the productions of 
 our potteries, most prominent among which is the " Rookwood Pot- 
 tery," situated at 207 Eastern Avenue ; Maria Longworth Nichols, 
 proprietor. 
 
 Pottery Decoration has gained for the city a name contributing 
 somewhat to its reputation in art-matters. The work has been 
 accomplished by amateurs, almost exclusively by ladies. The owners 
 of the potteries have assisted their efforts ; but as yet the potters 
 have failed to take the lead in the matter, and have confined them- 
 selves to the production of undecorated wares. The variety and 
 superior qualities of the clays of Ohio and the neighboring States 
 make possible the building-up of a great industry at a place where 
 unrivalled facilities are afforded for the creation of artistic products 
 from materials as well suited for the purposes as any in the world. 
 Robert Clarke & Co. have just published the eighth edition of " China 
 
i66 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Painting," a valuable manual for amateurs, by Miss M. Louise Mc- 
 Laughlin of this city. 
 
 Pottery Club. — An organization of ladies, amateurs in art-work, 
 formed April, 1S79, f° r tne decoration in under-glaze painting of 
 pottery made from the clays of the Ohio Valley. Miss M. Louise 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 Price's Hill Incline. 
 
 McLaughlin is president, Miss Clara Newton / secretary. The 
 club meets Tuesdays and Thursdays at the Women's Art Museum 
 Association Rooms. 
 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals, the Ohio 
 State Society for, was organized in May, 1873. I ts principal office 
 is in Cincinnati, at No. 55 West Fourth Street. Arrangements are 
 now being perfected to establish branch-offices throughout the State 
 of Ohio. During the ten years since its organization, it has done a 
 noble work in decreasing the number of cases of brutality to animate 
 beings. The society is supported largely by subscriptions. Life- 
 

 14 -.,:..' ; 
 
 ! 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 169 
 
 members pay $100; active members $5 a year, and children $1 a year. 
 It also has recently begun publishing " The Humane Appeal." 
 
 Price's Hill is on the west bank of Mill Creek, overlooking the 
 Ohio River. Its height above the river is about four hundred feet. 
 The high ground continues westward beyond Warsaw, a distance of 
 four miles. It is covered with elegant private residences, convents, 
 schools, and colleges. Its summit is reached by Price's-hill Inclined- 
 plane Railway, the foot of which is at the junction of Eighth Street 
 and State Avenue. The Warsaw Pike, winding around the hill by 
 easy grades, is also a means of reaching the top. There are grounds, 
 pavilion, and terrace connected with the Price's-hill House at the 
 summit, and music is often furnished there. Picnics and pleasure- 
 parties also make use of the grounds. The views of the river and 
 surrounding country are not surpassed by any in this city. The 
 Eighth-street line of horse-cars stop at the foot of the inclined plane. 
 
 Protestant Churches. — The Protestant churches are less encum- 
 bered w r ith debts than those of any other large city. Seventeen of 
 the twenty-three Protestant denominations are wholly out of debt for 
 their churches, while the debt of all the Protestant churches amounts 
 to less than $115,000. The Protestant churches have a total mem- 
 bership of about 21,000, a Sunday-school attendance of about 25,000, 
 and property valued at nearly $3,500,000. 
 
 Provisions. — As a great provision-market, Cincinnati ranks sec- 
 ond to but one city in the world; and as a market for the best qual- 
 ity of meats, bringing the largest prices, the city ranks first. In the 
 winter season of 1880-81 there were 522,425 hogs packed here; the 
 cost of which was $6,446,228. There were 26,596 barrels of hog- 
 meat, and 65,627 packages of lard produced. During the year end- 
 ing Aug. 31, 1881, the imports and exports were as follows : — 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Hogs, number of 
 Pork, barrels of . 
 Lard, pounds of . 
 Meats, pounds of 
 
 1,053,216 
 
 3,599 
 13,003,365 
 50,489,141 
 
 304,170 
 
 37>3QO 
 
 37,702,839 
 
 110,643,940 
 
 During the summer season, about 150,000 hogs are packed. For 
 the year ending Aug. 31, i88i, the live-stock statistics are as fol- 
 lows- — 
 
17° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Cattle .... 
 Sheep .... 
 Horses and mules 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 186,632 
 
 324,727 
 
 24,429 
 
 Shipments. 
 
 73,556 
 
 238,167 
 
 20,398 
 
 In the provision trade, — that is, slaughterers, packers, and curers 
 of meats, — there are 173 firms, with an invested cash capital of 
 $4,230,000. They occupy real estate valued at $3,837,244 ; employ 
 1,950 persons; and the value of their product for 1881, including 
 lard, was $14,242,739. Among the most prominent firms in this 
 trade are Samuel Davis, jun., & Co., office and packing-house corner 
 Court Street and Broadway ; Evans & Kinney, office room B, Pike's 
 Opera-House, and packing-house adjoining the United-Railroads 
 Stock-Yards; Evans, Lippirwzott, and Cunningham, office and pack- 
 ing-house corner Bank and Patterson Streets ; James Morrison & 
 Co., office and packing-house corner of Bank and Riddle Streets ; 
 Joseph Rawson & Son, packing-house on Spring-grove Avenue, near 
 the United Railroads Stock-yards, office and warehouses 300 & 310 
 Sycamore Street. There are also a number of firms who do a com- 
 mission business in provisions ; and prominent among these is the 
 firm of William H. Davis & Co., 271 and 273 Sycamore Street, 
 who are also curers of hams and salt meats on commission account. 
 F. A. Laidley & Co. are not only extensive pork-packers, but are also 
 large jobbers in all kinds of provisions. The packing-house is on 
 the Colerain Pike, and office No. 85 West Second Street. (See 
 Stock-Yards.) 
 
 Public Library and Reading-room. — Vine, between Sixth and 
 Seventh Streets. It is under the control of the chairman of the 
 Board of Public Education, and six persons appointed by that board. 
 It contains 108,000 volumes and 12,000 pamphlets, and is free in 
 every particular. About $60,000 dollars a year is spent for its sup- 
 port ($18,000, derived chiefly from a tax of one-tenth of a mill, is 
 spent yearly for books). Books, pamphlets, manuscripts, etc., are 
 constantly donated to it. It is open every day, from eight A.M. to 
 ten p.m. The library is one of the best-arranged and most flourish- 
 ing, and the reading-room one of the most complete and comfortable, 
 in this country. The building is fire-proof, and is one of the largest 
 
Interior of Public Library. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. i 73 
 
 and finest in this city. It has cost, with the ground, $400,000. One 
 branch of the library has been opened at Cumminsville, and another 
 will probably be opened within a year at Columbia. To the librarian, 
 C. W. Merrill, is due much of the success of the library, as well as 
 many .of the improvements. 
 
 Publishers. — There are four large publishing-houses in this city, 
 besides several firms publishing subscription-books, and a number 
 of booksellers, and newspaper and printing offices publishing books 
 and pamphlets of various kinds. The four great establishments are 
 those of Robert Clarke & Co., Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co., Western 
 Methodist Book Concern, and Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co. The three 
 last named are referred to in their alphabetical places in this book. 
 Robert Clarke & Co.'s is the leading bookselling and general book 
 publishing house in the South-west. Their establishment occupies 
 the large five-story stone-front building, No. 65 West Fourth Street. 
 This firm is known throughout the United States as one of the 
 most trustworthy and most successful houses in the book-trade. Mr, 
 Clarke has been connected with the house since 1855, when he 
 bought Tobias Lyon's interest in the firm of Lyon & Patterson ; the 
 style of firm changing to Patterson & Clarke. In 1S57 Mr. Clarke 
 bought Mr. Patterson's interest, and carried on the business in his 
 own name. At that time the store was in Bacon's Building, corner 
 of Sixth and Walnut Streets, and the business was chiefly in second- 
 hand and foreign books ; this being the first house in Cincinnati to 
 import books direct from London and Paris. In 1S5S R. D. Barney 
 and J. W. Dale united with Mr. Clarke; and the new firm, under 
 the style of Robert Clarke & Co., bought the business of Henry W 
 Derby & Co., law-book publishers, and dealers in the miscellaneous 
 books published by Harper & Brothers, and Derby & Jackson. They 
 then moved into the store occupied by Derby & Co., 55 West Fourth 
 Street, and began business as publishers of law-books, and wholesale 
 and retail booksellers. In 1867 tne business was removed to its 
 present quarters. In 1872 Howard Barney and Alexander Hill were 
 admitted to the partnership. This house has published over 150 
 volumes of law-books, one of which was the celebrated Fisher's 
 Patent Cases, the highest-priced law-books ever published in this 
 country, — 6 volumes, at $25 a volume; and also about a hundred 
 volumes of miscellaneous books, including the invaluable Ohio Val 
 ley Historical Series, edited by Mr. Clarke, and issued in eight hand- 
 
1 74 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 some volumes. Many publications of this firm rank equal in style 
 and value to any published in the United States. The third floor 
 of the establishment is devoted exclusively to works known as 
 Americana, of which a fine catalogue has been issued. Besides their 
 publishing and bookselling departments, Messrs. Clarke & Co. have 
 an extensive book-bindery, book and job printing-office, and stationery 
 department. 
 
 Pulte Medical College. — Corner Seventh and Mound. Organ- 
 ized in 1872. Homoeopathic instruction in all branches of medical 
 science. The building is said to be one of the largest and best- 
 appointed for its purposes in this country. There are twenty-five 
 rooms for college purposes, including halls, lecture-rooms, museum, 
 etc. Main amphitheatre seats two hundred. The Homoeopathic 
 Free Dispensary and Cincinnati Hospital are at the service of stu- 
 dents. Sessions from October to March. Fees vary. 
 
 Queen City is known, the world over, as one of the accepted and 
 appropriate names of Cincinnati. This name was given in recogni- 
 tion of the fine situation, the lovely surroundings, the excellent cli- 
 mate, the fertile soil of the neighborhood, and the bright prospects 
 for the future greatness of the city, and also in appreciation of the 
 early development of enterprise, culture, refinement, and prosperity 
 among the citizens. The name has been generally used with refer- 
 ence to this city for fully fifty years ; but just when and by whom it 
 was originated, the publishers are unable to learn. In 1838 a book 
 entitled "Tales from the Queen City " was published in Cincinnati. 
 Longfellow paraphrases the words in his poem on " Catawba Wine," 
 in the verse reading as follows — 
 
 " And this Song of the Vine, 
 
 This greeting of mine, 
 The winds and the birds shall deliver 
 
 To the Queen of the West, 
 
 In her garlands dressed, 
 On the banks of the Beautiful River." 
 
 Queen City Club is composed of about three hundred leading pro- 
 fessional and business men. Its club-house, corner Seventh and Elm, 
 is one of the most elegant and commodious in the country. It cost, 
 with real estate and furnishing, about $170,000. It contains rooms 
 for conversation, billiards, cards, chess, and other games, besides 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 75 
 
 reading and dining rooms. Its restaurant is conducted a la carte. 
 A reception and dining room is reserved for the wives and families 
 of the members. Each member holds at least one share of stock of 
 the value of S250, and pays annual dues of $75, with a credit of $ic 
 as interest on his stock. Five members are elected yearly to serve 
 for three years as a board of management, and this board alone has 
 the right of accepting or rejecting appli- 
 cations for membership. Visitors must 
 be introduced bv members. 
 
 Reading-rooms. — The largest and most comfortable public 
 reading-rooms are those of the Public Library and of the Young- 
 Men's Mercantile Library Association. There are also good read- 
 ing-rooms at the Cincinnati Gymnasium, the Chamber of Commerce, 
 and the Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 Red Men, the United and Improved Order of, is a benevolent 
 organization, dispensing its benefits after the manner of the Odd 
 Fellows and other similar bodies. What it has to do with the 
 aborigines, is known only to the members. There are eight tribes 
 
LOAK AND SHAWL 
 
 «5a 
 
 Departments. 
 
 All the latest Paris styles in Cloaks and Costumes 
 are received as soon as introduced, and our assort- 
 ment is always the largest in the market. 
 
 We are extensive manufacturers of Cloaks, our 
 workrooms being on a large scale. Shapes and styles 
 receive our closest attention. 
 
 Our facilities are such that we can produce at 
 lower cost than most manufacturers, an advan- 
 tage of 'which -we always give our customers the 
 benefit. 
 
 DOLMANS, CARRIAGE WRAPS, 
 
 SEAL-SKIN SACQUES, 
 CIRCULARS. JACKETS, 
 
 RAGLANS, 
 FUR-LINED CIRCULARS, ETC. 
 
 Endless variety and unrivalled low prices. 
 
 THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY. 
 
 176 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 1 77 
 
 and one encampment of the United Order, and four tribes of the 
 Improved Order, in Cincinnati. Nearly all the tribes have a separate 
 place of meeting. 
 
 Reformed Presbyterians. — Although there are two churches 
 styled as above, and both designating themselves the First Church, 
 they differ somewhat from each other. Both of them fifty years ago 
 formed one church ; but in 1833 a division took place, and since that 
 time there have been two distinct churches. Much of that time the 
 "Plum-street congregation" has been without ministers, and conse- 
 quently the growth has been small. In 1854 Robert Patterson was 
 installed pastor, and after he served two years a vacancy of twelve 
 years followed. In 1868 James Y. Boice was installed pastor. Up 
 to this time the church-building was on George Street; but Mr. Boice 
 ■began in the basement of a new building, a beautiful little stone 
 church, situated on Plum Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, 
 and now occupied by the congregation over which A. G. Wylie, D.D., 
 is pastor. The " John-street congregation " comprises a small society 
 worshipping on Clinton, east of John Street. Their doctrine is that 
 the United States is not a Christian government, and therefore they 
 cannot consistently vote at any election. They hope to have the 
 Lord Jesus Christ recognized in the Constitution. J. M. Foster is 
 pastor. 
 
 Relief Union, the Cincinnati. — This great charity was founded 
 in 1850, and has been in continual and successful operation ever 
 since. It is supported by voluntary contributions, the greater por- 
 tion coming from life-members, a number of whom pay amounts 
 ranging from $100 to $1,000 annually. As much as $40,000 has been 
 collected and disbursed in a single year. Since 1873, however, the 
 receipts have not been so large, by reason of the panic in that year, 
 and the death of several of the former large contributing members. 
 The society operates through a local visiting committee of two in 
 each ward, who visit each applicant, and satisfy themselves as to 
 their needs. The necessaries of life are supplied to the extent the 
 fund will allow, without regard to color, sex, nativity, or religion. 
 The Union has an office in the City Buildings, whence supplies are 
 issued. 
 
 Reservoirs. — There are five reservoirs connected with the water- 
 works system. The two largest of these are in Eden Park, both 
 capable of holding 100,000,000 gallons of water. They are con- 
 
178 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 structed in one of the natural ravines, across the mouth of which an 
 immense wall of solid masonry has been thrown. Their construc- 
 tion cost the city nearly $4,500,000. They supply that portion of the 
 city north of Third Street to the hills. The old reservoir, on Third 
 Street at the foot of Mount Adams, is a superstructure of solid lime- 
 stone masonry. It is located in Water-works Park. Its capacity is 
 but a tithe of that of the great reservoirs, and it is kept full by con- 
 stant pumping. It supplies the district south of Third Street, and a 
 portion of the West End. The other two reservoirs are immense 
 boiler-iron tanks, located in the angle formed by the junction of 
 Vine Street and Auburn Avenue, Mount Auburn ; that being the 
 highest point of ground in the vicinity, and about 467 feet above low- 
 water mark. Water is lifted to these reservoirs by a pumping-engine 
 located at the junction of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Streets, which 
 draws its supply from the great reservoirs in Eden Park. These 
 reservoirs supply the districts of Mount Auburn, Corryville, and 
 Walnut Hills. A line of ten-inch pipe is also laid from these reser- 
 voirs down Vine Street to Fourth, at which point the pressure is 200 
 pounds to the square inch. The fire-plugs along this line are con- 
 nected with it, and can throw water farther than a steam-engine can. 
 The Tyler-Davidson Fountain is supplied from this source. A sixth 
 reservoir, on Price's Hill, in the western part of the city, will soon 
 be completed. 
 
 Revision, the Board of, meets the first Monday of each month. 
 Its province is to take under consideration any vital interest of the 
 city, scrutinize the official conduct of city officers, and report its 
 action to council. It is composed of four members : viz., Thomas J. 
 Stephens, mayor and ex officio president; Michael Ryan, president 
 board of aldermen ; L. L. Sadler, president board of councilmen ; 
 James M. Dawson, city solicitor. 
 
 Riverside. — A suburb adjoining the western corporation line, 
 fronting on the Ohio River, six miles from Fountain Square. It 
 contains many elegant country residences. It forms a separate elec- 
 tion precinct in the county. Riverside can be reached by the Ohio 
 and Mississippi, the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, and wSt. Louis 
 railroads, the Storrs and Sedamsville horse-cars, and the Lower River- 
 Road, an excellent macadamized turnpike. The drive is a beautiful 
 one ; giving a charming landscape of river, and hillsides dotted with 
 lovely suburban houses, vineyards, and private parks. 
 
View in Spring-grove Cemetery. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. ioi 
 
 Robinson's Opera-House, on the north-east corner of Ninth and 
 Plum Street, is a very handsome building devoted to music and the 
 drama in the city. Its seating capacity is 2,300. The auditorium 
 contains a parquette, parquette-circle, balcony, and gallery, besides 
 four large private boxes. The theatre was built in 1872 by John 
 Robinson, circus-manager. The cellar was built expressly to pro- 
 vide winter-quarters for animals used in the circus. The main en- 
 trances are on Ninth Street. The Seventh-street or blue line of 
 horse-cars pass the building going east; the Elm-street and the 
 Eighth-street lines pass within one square. The Opera-House over- 
 looks the City Park, and is in the midst of what is known as the 
 " church region." 
 
 Royal Insurance Company of Liverpool, Eng\, although a 
 foreign company, has not only a national reputation, but also a local 
 history. In 1852 an agency of the company was given to the late 
 Dr. John S. Law, who continued the business in his own name until 
 1 87 1 ; when, upon the formation of a partnership with his son John 
 H. Law, who had been at work in the office since the agency was 
 established, the style of the firm was changed to John S. Law & Son. 
 In 1877, at tne death of the senior member, the business passed into 
 the hands of John H. Law. For the entire period of twenty-seven 
 years, the Royal has had a most enviable record in this city; and its 
 standing to-day is equal to that of any insurance company in the 
 world. All losses in this neighborhood are paid without reference 
 to the home office; and the best indemnity possible is offered by this 
 company, with assets amounting to almost $33,000,000, — of which 
 nearly $3,000,000 are kept in the United States. Moreover, the 
 stockholders are individually liable to the full extent of their private 
 fortunes. The losses paid by the Royal already exceed the enormous 
 sum of $35,000,000. 
 
 Safe-Deposit Company of Cincinnati occupies one-half of the 
 National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce building at 20 West 
 Third Street. The safes are thoroughly fire and burglar proof. 
 They are thirty-five feet long, twelve feet and a half wide, and seven 
 feet high, and are composed of five alternate layers of steel and iron, 
 and so put together that no screw or nut penetrates more than three 
 layers. Constant work for eighteen months was required to construct 
 these immense safes. They have four combination-locks of different 
 makes. Every safeguard is adopted; and the place is watched day 
 
1 82 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 and night on both the inside and outside. The renters of boxes and 
 depositors of securities have every convenience for handling their 
 property quietly and unobserved. The Safe-Deposit Company was 
 organized in 1866, and was one of the first corporations in the United 
 States to provide for rich and poor people the means of absolute 
 security against fire and burglary at a moderate cost. Its capital 
 stock is $100,000. The president is Henry Peachey, and secretary 
 Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Sanitarium, the Cincinnati. — A private hospital for the treat- 
 ment of mental and nervous diseases, at College Hill, O. It was 
 opened in 1S73, and since that time has established its character as 
 a permanent institution, having appointments unsurpassed by those 
 of any similar institution in the country. Four hundred persons have 
 already been patients at the sanitarium. The building, erected origi- 
 nally for the Ohio Female College, is an elegant and attractive struc- 
 ture of brick with stone facings, three stories in height above the 
 basement. Close by the main building are five two-story cottages. 
 All the apartments in the main building and in the cottages are well 
 furnished and comfortable. It is the only strictly private insane- 
 asylum in the West, and is in charge of Dr. W. S. Chipley, who has 
 had thirty-four years' experience in the treatment of the insane. 
 The charges vary with the accommodations furnished. The Sani- 
 tarium can be reached by a drive over Spring-grove Avenue, or by the 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad and College-hill Narrow- 
 gauge Railroad (fare forty cents round trip). John L. Whetstone 
 president, Val. P. Collins secretary, and John F. Elliott treasurer. 
 
 School-books. — See Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co. 
 
 School of Design of the University of Cincinnati was founded 
 by Charles McMicken. In 1853 an association known as the Ladies' 
 Academy of Fine Arts received from Mr. McMicken $1,000 to be 
 spent for casts, which were to be given to a school of design when- 
 ever one should be founded in this city. Some years later the casts, 
 as well as pictures owned by the academy, were handed over to the 
 School of Design which had just been founded. The school pros- 
 pered as much as its limited means allowed. Later, Joseph Long- 
 worth endowed the school with $100,000; i.e., the Old Observatory 
 property perpetually leased to the Passionist Fathers, and yielding 
 seven per cent on $50,000, and the other $50,000 being given in 
 United-States bonds. Then the facilities and number of teachers 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 183 
 
 were increased. In 187 1 the school was placed under control of the 
 University of Cincinnati, and since that time it has been remarkably 
 successful. In 1SS2 there were nine instructors and nearly four 
 hundred pupils. To this school is due much of the credit for the 
 elaborate designs and carving on the organ in Music Hall. Instruc- 
 tion is free to residents. Non-residents are charged $$30 a year for 
 attendance on the day-classes, and $15 for attendance on the night- 
 classes. The hours are every week-day, from nine a.m. to one p.m.. 
 and from seven to nine p.m. ; and the sessions are the same as those 
 of the University of Cincinnati. The rooms are in College Building, 
 and can be visited by permission of the principal, Thomas S. Noble. 
 
 Schools, Public. — The total number of children enrolled for 
 attendance at the public schools in 1882 was 37,996. The average 
 daily attendance of the number enrolled was 78 per cent. To accom- 
 modate this vast number of pupils, the city provides yj district or 
 primary, 4 intermediate, and 2 high-school buildings, besides 5 build- 
 ings for colored schools, and the University of Cincinnati. The city 
 is divided into 27 districts for white, and 5 districts for colored pupils ; 
 the 7th, 8th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 24th, 25th, and 26th districts having two 
 buildings each, the 21st district four, and the remaining districts one 
 each. The buildings are nearly all elegant, new, and commodious, 
 one of them alone costing $85,000. The average cost of each of the 
 buildings may be placed at $40,000. To impart instruction to the 
 youth of the city, 633 teachers are required, whose salaries range 
 from $400 to $2,600 per annum. Pupils passing through the public 
 schools must attend six years in the district, three in the intermedi- 
 ate, and four in the high schools ; when, on graduating from the high 
 school, they can enter the university. Examinations are required in 
 passing from one year's grade to another, from the district to the 
 intermediate, and from the latter to the high schools. In addition 
 to the ordinary English branches, German, music, and drawing are 
 taught in the district and intermediate, and French, Latin, and Greek 
 in the high schools. The schools are governed by the Board of Edu- 
 cation. This board also controls the public library, the normal 
 school, and the school for deaf-mutes; the latter being one of the 
 only two schools of the kind in the country supported chiefly by a 
 municipal corporation as part of its school-system. Night-schools 
 are held in fifteen of the districts, three being for colored pupils. 
 The total expense of the schools for the year 1882 was $784,405.98 
 
184 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 The superintendent is John B. Peaslee. (See University of Cincin- 
 nati, Hughes High School, and Woodward High School.) 
 
 Schools, other than Public. — There are within the city limits 
 four business colleges, one dental college, one law-school, seven 
 medical and surgical colleges, one college of pharmacy, one college 
 and four conservatories of music. There is also the St. Joseph 
 College, St. Xavier College, Mount St. Mary's Seminary, Young 
 Ladies' Academy of St. Vincent de Paul, — all Roman-Catholic in- 
 stitutions; Lane Theological Seminary, of the Presbyterian denomi- 
 nation ; Cincinnati Wesleyan College, — a Methodist-Episcopal young 
 ladies' institute; and Hebrew Union College. Besides the above, 
 there are numerous private schools in and around the city, and sev- 
 eral colleges and seminaries distant only a few miles from the city 
 Among the most prominent private schools in the city are the 
 Chickering Institute for boys; the Collegiate School for boys, under 
 direction of Babin & Rix; Miss C. E. Nourse's family and day school 
 for girls ; Bartholomew English and Classical School for girls ; 
 Miss S.J. Armstrong's Mount- Auburn School for girls ; and Mount 
 Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, under direction of H. Thane 
 Miller. 
 
 Sculptors. — The earliest in this city was Frederick Eckstein, a 
 Prussian by birth, and a resident in this city fifty years ago. He was 
 a man of great eccentricities, among which was one of valuing his 
 works at a precise sum of odd dollars and cents, with amusing exact- 
 ness. From him Hiram Powers acquired the first rudiments of the 
 art. Powers began between 1830 and 1840 the work which after 
 wards gave him such world-wide fame ; and to Nicholas Longworth 
 he was indebted, not only for patronage, but also for aid to go to 
 Italy to pursue his profession. S. Clevenger, about 1840, made many 
 excellent portrait-busts, notably that of President Harrison, now in 
 the Young Men's Mercantile Library Rooms. Thomas D. Jones 
 resided here for many years ; and his busts of Thomas Ewing, Judge 
 McLean, Thomas Corwin, and many others, attest his skill. Ed. 
 Brackett was well known as a sculptor in Cincinnati in the early 
 part of the decade 1840-50. N, F, Baker, a Cincinnatian by birth, 
 studied in Italy; and his statue of " Cincinnatus," on the front of 
 the building occupied by Chatfield & Woods, on Fourth Street, and 
 that of "Egeria'' in the lake at Spring-grove Cemetery, are carefully 
 executed works of art. Louis T. Rebisso, of the School of Design, 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 187 
 
 is a sculptor of considerable ability. His most celebrated work is 
 the colossal equestrian bronze statue of Gen. McPherson, lately 
 erected in Washington, D.C. Moses J. Ezekiel is the well-known 
 sculptor of the colossal marble statue of " Religious Liberty," tem- 
 porarily placed in Fairmount Park. L. Fettweis is a resident sculp- 
 tor, born in Cincinnati, and trained in the German art-schools. Frank 
 Dengler, one of the greatest of young American sculptors, recently 
 died after a short career, during which his great talents were appre- 
 ciated even in art-loving Boston. August Mundhenk, recently re- 
 turned from Europe, is a sculptor, who has established a foundery 
 for casting bronze-work. H. K. Brown was for a short period a 
 resident here, and Preston Powers now has a temporary studio in 
 this city. 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church, on the south-west corner of 
 Eighth and Plum Streets, is one of the finest of the church edifices 
 of Cincinnati. The corner-stone was laid in 1873 > an d tne church 
 was first occupied Jan. 3, 1875, anc ^ dedicated April 11, 1875. The 
 buildings is of Blue-hill limestone, in the Gothic style of architec- 
 ture; its spire is 205 feet high; and its .seats are arranged in amphi- 
 theatre form, for the accommodation of 1,100. The organ is a very 
 fine instrument, and cost, without the case, $10,000. The total cost 
 of the church and its furniture was about $275,000, and the society 
 is wholly out of debt. The society was organized in 1816; and its 
 preliminary meetings were held at the residence of Judge Jacob 
 Burnet, on the site of the present Burnet House ; and for the first 
 two years its services were held anywhere that accommodations could 
 be found. In 1818 a little frame building was erected on Walnut 
 Street, above Fifth Street, where services were held until 1830; when 
 a second building, a neat brick edifice, having a steeple with a clock 
 paid for by the city council, was erected on Fourth Street, between 
 Vine and Race Streets. The building cost $28,000, and the land 
 55,000; but the land was sold in 187 1 for $160,000, and the society 
 built the beautiful edifice already described. The following is a 
 list of the regular pastors; David Root, 1820-32; Lyman Beecher, 
 1832-43; John P. Cleveland, 1843-45; Samuel W. Fisher, 1846-58; 
 M. L. P. Thompson, 1859-65; James L. Robertson, 1867-70; Thomas 
 H. Skinner, 187 1 ; James Eells, 1883. 
 
 Sedamsville. — A portion of the 21st ward, west of Mill Creek, 
 fronting on the Ohio River, and south of the western range of hills, 
 
1 88 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 three miles and a half distant from Fountain Square. It is a manu- 
 facturing district, containing several large distilleries and saw-mills. 
 It was formerly a part of Storrs Township. The Third-street line 
 of horse-cars and the Eighth-street line make connection with the 
 Storrs and Sedamsville line, the former at the bridge over Mill Creek, 
 on Sixth Street, and the latter at the junction of Eighth Street and 
 State Avenue. 
 
 Sewerage. — The natural advantages of Cincinnati for surface 
 drainage are admirable, the rolling character of the site favoring it. 
 But sewers were found necessary on the slopes from the central 
 plateau, and all the principal streets running down to the Ohio have 
 sewers from Seventh Street to the river. Part of the district north 
 of Seventh and east of Plum has surface drainage into the Miami 
 Canal, which empties into Eggleston-avenue Sewer ; and part is 
 drained by the Sycamore-street Sewer and its branches. North of 
 Liberty Street the drainage is into the mammoth Liberty-street 
 Sewer, which empties into the McLean-avenue Sewer. West of 
 Central Avenue, north of Seventh, and south of Liberty, lateral 
 sewers are laid, which lead to the immense McLean-avenue Sewer, 
 now being constructed to the river. The sewerage system is almost 
 perfect. Sewers range in size from i foot to 12 by 14 feet. The 
 total number of lineal feet of sewer laid under the present system 
 by the city, excluding that laid by private citizens, of which there is 
 a large amount, is 204,161, — nearly 39 miles. 
 
 Shakspeare Club, organized in 1851, is the oldest organization in 
 the city for the purpose of giving weekly readings from Shakspeare 
 and other dramatic poets, and is also a leading amateur theatrical 
 club ; its entertainments always having been noted for care taken in 
 their preparation, and skill in their presentation. It will probably 
 hereafter use the hall of the Allemania Club; for the season of 
 1878-79 the Melodeon Hall having been used. There are about 
 twenty active members, who take part in the entertainments, and bear 
 the deficit for the expenses proportionally. Associate members pay 
 $10 a year for the privileges of the club. George W. Pohlman is 
 secretary. Strangers can be invited by members. 
 
 Shelter House. — See Casino. 
 
 Shillito's Mammoth Dry-goods House is one of thr interest- 
 ing sights in Cincinnati. There are only a few business buildings in 
 the United States as magnificent as this structure, which was opened 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 191 
 
 in September, 1878. It fronts 270 
 feet on George Street, and 176 feet 
 on Race Street, and has a floor 
 surface of seven acres. It is six 
 stories above ground, and two sto- 
 ries below. In the centre is a 
 grand dome, 60 feet in diameter 
 and 120 feet high. There are five 
 elevators, and all the conveniences 
 usual to modern structures. Over 
 1,000 persons are employed in the 
 building, which is chiefly a great 
 retail and wholesale dry-goods and 
 carpet establishment. A curiosity 
 is to be seen on the first floor un- 
 der the dome : it is one of a pair 
 of vases exhibited by the Japanese 
 
192 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 government at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and is one of the 
 'argest pieces of lacquered porcelain ever made in Japan. 
 Sinking-Fund Trustees, the Board of, comprises five of the 
 
 n~| i • 
 
 29 U 23 
 
 pci» aiz> 
 
 31 
 
 • 
 
 
 32 
 
 • 
 
 
 33 
 
 • 
 
 
 34 
 
 • 
 
 - y . E , 
 
 8! ODD 1 3 1 
 
 ^7 
 
 lr~n» [tiie 
 
 L.B.FOLGER EN.G. CI 
 
 Second-floor Plan of the John Shillito 
 Company's Dry Goods House. 
 
 E3 
 
 I m-I~| 4* 4 
 
 F.R. 
 
 most trustworthy citizens, appoint- 
 ed, regardless of political views, 
 by the judges of the superior court. 
 They give bonds of $100,000 each, 
 and serve five years, without any 
 compensation. They are to pro- 
 vide for the interest and redemp- 
 tion of the whole bonded indebted- 
 ness of the city, also for all rents 
 and final judgments against the 
 city ; and for this purpose they cer- 
 tify to the city council the sums 
 necessary both for a sinking-fund 
 to provide for the payment of all 
 the city's bonds, and for the pay- 
 ment of the interest on all the bonded indebtedness. Then the city 
 council is required by law to place in the tax ordinance the several 
 
 c 
 
 • 35 1 
 
 
 •1 
 
 • 36 1 
 
 □ 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 •! 
 
 • 38 | 
 
 
 •1 
 
 • 39 | 
 
 
 V 
 
 . ■ 40 1 
 
 
 1 «l 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 *93 
 
 sums so certified in preference to any other items. They are to re- 
 ceive the net earnings of the Southern Railroad, and also to take- 
 charge of rents due the city. The total receipts of sinking-fund appli- 
 
 F R. 1— 4S-J I — m_ 
 
 F R. 
 
 
 1 — t 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .1 -J 1 
 
 
 
 W 1 
 
 1 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 1 lI 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L.8.F0L66.R EC 
 
 Third-floor Plan of the John Shiilito 
 Company's Dry Goods House. 
 
 4 ^ cable to the redemption of bonds 
 are about $560,000 each year from 
 all sources. 
 
 Southern Railroad, the Cin- 
 cinnati, is now open from Cincin- 
 nati to Chattanooga, Tenn., a dis- 
 tance of 336 miles, a great part of 
 the way being through a very fertile 
 and most picturesque country. It 
 is the most important north-and- 
 south trunk line in the United 
 States. The road is one of the best- 
 constructed of all the American 
 railroads, and in some particulars 
 shows a remarkable piece of en- 
 gineering. It crosses the Ohio River over the 
 
 Bridge; and between the terminal points 
 
 Southern Railroad 
 crosses 47 wrought-iron 
 
194 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 bridges and viaducts, 13 wooden bridges, and passes through 27 tun- 
 nels, one of which is 4,700 feet long, and through deep cuts in rock, 
 and over ground filled up in many places. It is thought to be one 
 of the best pieces of railroad engineering and construction in this 
 country. The principal contractors were R. G. Huston & Co. The 
 Southern Railroad makes connections with all roads centring at 
 Cincinnati and at or near Chattanooga, as well as several important 
 connections between those cities. The uniform charge for local 
 passenger travel is three cents a mile. This whole railroad passing 
 through three States, and built at a cash cost of $18,000,000, is owned 
 in fee simple by Cincinnati, — the only city in the world that has 
 built a railroad of this magnitude. It is managed for the city by 
 a board of five trustees, consisting of Miles Greenwood, president, 
 R. M. Bishop, E. A. Ferguson, Henry Mack, and A. H. Bugher. The 
 trustees are appointed by the superior court of this State. They give 
 bonds of $100,000 each, and the whole pay for the board amounts to 
 $5,000 a year. The road has been leased for a term of years to a 
 corporation known as the Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Texas Pacific 
 Railway Company : the officers being John Scott, president and gen- 
 eral manager ; Harry Peters, secretary and treasurer. The offices are 
 in the Albany Building, No. 130 Vine Street. The depot is situated 
 at the corner of McLean Avenue and Gest Street, and is reached by 
 the Eighth-street line of horse-cars. 
 
 Spencer Township is situated east and north-east of Columbia, 
 and east of Cincinnati Township, and is bounded on the south by 
 the Ohio River, and on the east by the Little Miami. In this town- 
 ship are Pendleton, Columbia, East Linwood, Russells, and Red 
 Bank. 
 
 Sportsman's Hall. — See East-End Garden. 
 
 Spring-grove Cemetery, situated near Cumminsville, was con- 
 secrated in 1845. I ts area was J 66 acres of undulating surface and 
 sandy soil, and cost $16,000; but it has since been increased to 600 
 acres, and is now the largest cemetery in the United States, and has 
 over 33,000 interments. It is probably the most picturesque large 
 cemetery in the world. The numerous springs and groves suggested 
 the name " Spring Grove." A handsome entrance-gate leads from 
 the broad Spring-grove Avenue into the grounds. The " park plan " 
 suggested by A. Strauch, the deceased superintendent, was a plan to 
 relieve the ground of the heavy encumbered air of a churchyard, and 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 197 
 
 to present the appearance of a natural park. The plan was success- 
 ful ; and Spring Grove is now beautifully laid out, with far-stretching 
 lawns, trees, miniature lakes, and shrubbery, and ornamented with 
 stately monuments, chapels, vaults, and statues. The Dexter Mau- 
 soleum is an elaborate Gothic chapel of gray sandstone. From a 
 balustrade surrounding the chapel, a charming view is obtained of 
 the ornamental waters and surrounding landscapes. The Soldiers' 
 Monument, erected in 1864, is a bronze statue on a granite pedestal, 
 and represents a soldier standing on guard. A beautiful mortuary 
 chapel in cruciform shape, 108 feet long and transepts 66 feet long, 
 with walls of blue limestone and trimmings of sandstone, was con- 
 tracted for in July, 1879, at a cost °f $40,000. The graves are gen- 
 erally arranged in circles, and are numbered and recorded. There 
 are about 7,000 lot-holders. The office for permits to visit the ceme- 
 tery, and to buy lots, is No. 2 Pike's Opera-House. Horse-cars to 
 cemetery, Baymiller-street, John-street, and Freeman-street lines ; 
 fare, 10 cents. Steam-railroads, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, 
 and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads; fare, 20 cents. The presi- 
 dent of the association is Henry Probasco, the treasurer John Shillito, 
 and the secretary S. B. Spear. Superintendent, William Falway. 
 
 Springer Music Hall. — See Music-hall and Exposition Building. 
 
 Springer Statue. — See Statues. 
 
 Spring Lake. — A suburban resort on the Avenue, between 
 Spring-grove Cemetery and Chester Driving-park, adjoining both. 
 The grounds are large and elegant, divided into lawns, groves, and 
 flower-gardens. The lake is supplied from natural springs, and fur- 
 nishes the water-supply for the beautiful lakes in Spring-grove Ceme- 
 tery. Spring Lake was formeriy the residence of the late Piatt 
 Evans. It can be reached by the Spring-grove Avenue horse-cars. 
 Accommodation-trains on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, 
 Dayton Short-line, and Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore Rail- 
 roads, stop near the main gate. 
 
 St. Aloysius' Orphan Asylum (German, Roman Catholic). — 
 Situated on the Reading Road in Avondale, about four miles and a 
 half from Fountain Square. It is a large three-story brick building, 
 with accommodations for 300 orphans. Inside the building is a 
 chapel, where the children attend daily services. Father Hyronimus, 
 assisted by the Sisters of Notre Dame, conducts the asylum ; but the 
 finances are managed by a board of trustees, of which Dr. B. Mosen- 
 
19& Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 meier is president, A. II. Haarmeyer treasurer, and W. J. Overbeck 
 secretary. Any member's child when an orphan is taken care of 
 until of age; i.e., a boy until 21 years, and a girl until 18 years of 
 age. At a proper time- employment is found for the orphans, and 
 they are watched over by committees appointed for that purpose. 
 There are now 260 boys and girls at the asylum. The support of 
 the institution comes from 2,200 active members, paying $3.25 a year; 
 "a Washington-birthday celebration," a "Fourth-of-July picnic," and 
 an "anniversary." At the three entertainments, about $7,000 are 
 raised. The asylum is about two squares from the depot of the 
 Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore Railroad (fare, 25 cents). 
 
 Springer Statue. — Upon the west side of the vestibule of Music 
 Hall, midway between the south and central entrances to the main 
 hall, stands the Springer Statue erected to commemorate the munifi- 
 cence of Mr. Reuben R. Springer. The statue, which is six feet 
 three inches in height, represents Mr. Springer standing in a graceful 
 and easy position, with his right hand resting on a stand upon which 
 are carved emblems of Music, Art, and Industry. The left hand 
 holds a scroll, on the inner page of which can be discerned a section 
 of Music Hall set in bas-relief in gilt. The immediate base, four 
 inches in thickness, with the statue itself, is of one piece of pure 
 white Carrara marble. The pedestal, a dark red marble traversed 
 with streaks of light green and white, affords a strong contrast to the 
 pure white of the statue resting upon it, though mined only a short 
 distance from each other. The size of the pedestal is three feet 
 nine inches high, three feet wide, and two feet three inches long. 
 On the four sides appear in bas-relief in delicate gilt letters the 
 word " Springer " at the front, " Music " at the right, " Industry " at 
 the back, and " Art " at the left. The base upon which the entire 
 work rests is a fine Maryland gray granite, octagonal in shape, and 
 sloping from the pedestal. The size of the base is four feet by five, 
 and one foot three inches high. The entire height of the work as it 
 stands in place is eleven feet and seven inches. The wall decora- 
 tions in the rear, in striking contrast to the surroundings, with a neat 
 railing enclosing the statue, add very much to the effect. The statue 
 is the work of Preston Powers of Florence, Italy, where it was 
 executed, and is recognized as the best effort of this eminent artist. 
 It was unveiled and presented to the trustees of Music Hall, Mon- 
 day, May 1 5, 1882. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 199 
 
 St. Francis de Sales Church and School. — Corner of Wood- 
 hurn Avenue and Madisonville Pike. The corner-stone was laid 
 June 30, 187S, by 
 
 Archbishop Pur- gn—n jxu» ■■ — 1 .^^ra^^jaM-g^g?^^ 
 
 ceil, in the pres- 
 ence of nearly 10,- 
 000 persons. The 
 exterior of the 
 church is now fin- 
 ished, with the ex- 
 ception of the 
 
 St. George s Church 
 
 spires. The structure is of cut limestone, is 184 feet by 169 feet, and 
 will have a seating capacity of 1,000. The cost, including grounds 
 
200 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 and schoolhouse, will be $118,000; and it is claimed that it will be 
 the handsomest church-edifice in Hamilton Count)-. The parochial 
 school adjoining has been occupied since Jan. r, 1878, and is under 
 the charge of the Sisters of Charity. 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital is under control of the Sisters of the Poor 
 of St. Francis. It is situated on the north-west corner of Baymiller 
 and Betts Streets, It was established in 1869, though not completed 
 until 1873. There is room for 500 beds, besides a number of rooms 
 for private pay-patients. The medical staff consists of five physi- 
 cians and surgeons. The attendance is furnished by the Sisters. 
 
 St. Nicholas, the, of which E. N. Roth is proprietor, is the 
 bon-ton restaurant and cafe, and one of the most comfortable hotels 
 in the city. The restaurant, although not as grand as the Cafe 
 Anglais in Paris, the Cafe Royal in London, or Delmonico's in New 
 York, holds the same position in Cincinnati that the restaurants 
 named hold in their respective cities. The cafe on the lower floor, 
 with entrance on Race Street, is a popular resort for gentlemen 
 desiring a first-class meal in little time and at prices somewhat lower 
 than those charged in the restaurant. The hotel is conducted on the 
 European plan, the charges for rooms ranging from $1 to $2.50 per 
 day. The building was in former times two old-fashioned residences 
 built with full thought about comfort ; and the rooms and halls, be- 
 sides being elegantly furnished, are spacious, airy, and luxurious. 
 The location, on the south-east corner of Fourth and Race Streets, 
 is very convenient. In the gentlemen's sitting-room is an elaborate 
 painting, seven by twelve feet. Besides being a specimen of fine art, 
 it is a queer subject, and is said to have an interesting history. The 
 inscription reads " Pauline Bonaparte, by Devouge, 181 r." It repre- 
 sents Madame Bonaparte, life-size, almost nude, and seated upon a 
 sofa. The painting is said to have belonged to Joseph Bonaparte, 
 and was sold, upon his return to France, to Nicholas Longworth, by 
 whom it was sold at auction, and finally bought by Mr. Roth of the 
 St. Nicholas. 
 
 3t. Paul's Church (Methodist-Episcopal) is part of the old West- 
 ern charge, established in 1835. The congregation at that time met 
 in a brick chapel on the northwest corner of Fourth and Plum 
 Streets, and enrolled about seven hundred members. Here so faith- 
 fully were the threatenings of the law, as well as the promises of the 
 gospel, preached, that the place became known as the " Brimstone 
 
St. Paul's Church, (Tom down 1883.) 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 203 
 
 Corner." When a new church building became necessary, ground 
 was purchased on Central Avenue; and here, in 1844, was erected 
 Morris Chapel. Outgrowing this, the trustees obtained a lot on the 
 corner of Seventh and Smith Streets, and in 1868 began the erection 
 of St. Paul's Church and parsonage. The building is of blue lime- 
 stone, and is one of the handsomest in the city. The membership 
 numbers nearly six hundred persons. 
 
 St. Paul's Protestant-Episcopal Church. — Organized Aug. 1, 
 1828, under the Rev. Samuel Johnston, the first Episcopal minister 
 settled in the city, and the first rector of Christ Church, which he 
 left with a number of his parishioners to form this church. It was 
 incorporated in 1831. The building, situated on the south-east corner 
 of Seventh and Plum Streets, is of stone and brick in the Roman- 
 esque style, and has two unfinished towers or spires, giving it an odd 
 appearance, at the same time an agreeable one. There are about 
 three hundred communicants. Salmon P. Chase was for many years 
 secretary of the society, and teacher and superintendent of the Sun- 
 day school. The rector is Samuel Benedict, D.D. 
 
 St. Peter's and St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. — In the north- 
 ern part of Cumminsville, about three squares from the Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad depot. The building is a large 
 four-story brick structure, surrounded by nearly twenty acres of the 
 society's property. The average number of children in the asylum 
 is 350; and the annual expenses are between $16,000 and $18,000. 
 Children, one or both of whose parents are dead, are admitted, usu- 
 ally without charge; but when the surviving parent or friends are 
 willing to pay, a moderate charge is made. The institution is con- 
 ducted by the Sisters of Charity, and is supported by public charity. 
 A bazaar and a picnic, held once a year, are the chief sources of 
 income ; but the St. Peter's, St. Joseph's, and the St. Xavier's orphan 
 societies, as well as many individuals, make liberal contributions 
 yearly- The asylum is also known as the Cumminsville orphan 
 asylum, or as the Catholic orphan asylum. It can be reached by the 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad (fare 15 cents), and by 
 the Cumminsville and Spring-grove line of horse-cars (fare 5 cents). 
 
 St. Peter's Cathedral, situated on the corner of Plum and 
 Eighth Streets, in point of beauty and architectural correctness is 
 thought the finest church structure in the city. It is 200 feet in 
 'ength by 91 in width. The roof is supported by 18 freestone pillars, 
 
204 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 3! feet in diameter and 33 in height. The main 
 walls are built of Dayton marble, while the 
 basement is of blue sandstone. The steeple 
 is 221 feet high, and in the gracefulness of its 
 proportions is unsurpassed by any spire in this 
 ***_ country. An 
 
 altar of Carra- 
 ra marble, with 
 two angels on 
 each side, — 
 the work of 
 Hiram Powers, 
 
 St. Peter's Cathedral, corner Eighth and Plum Streets. 
 
St. Paul's Methodist-Episcopal Church. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 207 
 
 — occupies the west end of the cathedral. Opposite is an organ hav- 
 ing 44 stops and 2,700 pipes. Some fine paintings, interesting alike 
 for their historic and artistic merits, may be seen in the cathedral. 
 " St. Peter liberated by an angel," by Murillo, was taken during the 
 Peninsular War from the Spaniards, and presented by Cardinal 
 Fesch, uncle of Napoleon I., to Bishop Fenwick. The cathedral 
 was begun in 1S39, consecrated in 1844. It has a seating capacity of 
 1,600, and, including the grounds, cost $244,000. (See Chimes.) 
 
 St. Xavier College was established in 1831, under the name of 
 the Athenaeum, by the Right Rev. E. D. Fenwick, D.D., the first 
 bishop of Cincinnati. In 1840 Archbishop Purcell placed it in 
 charge of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, who have managed it 
 ever since. There are two distinct courses of instruction, — the 
 classical and the commercial. The former is designed especially to 
 qualify young men for professions, and aims at imparting a thorough 
 knowledge of the classics ; and the latter is designed to qualify 
 young men for a business career. In all departments for the year 
 1882-83 there were about 240 students, all of whom were day-scholars. 
 Although under Roman-Catholic management, the college is open 
 to young men of all denominations, and only the Catholic students 
 are required to attend mass. The building, owned and occupied by 
 the college, is a large brick structure on Sycamore Street, at the 
 corner of Seventh. In it is a fine library of more than 14,000 valu- 
 able volumes. 
 
 Stadt Theatre. — See Turner Hall. 
 
 State Banks. — See Banks. 
 
 Steam Dummy Railroads. — The Columbia and Mount Look- 
 out steam dummy railways start from the East-end Garden, in Pen- 
 dleton, at the end of the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The Columbia 
 line pursues its course east to Columbia. The Mount Lookout line 
 branches off at Delta Station, one mile from Pendleton, and runs 
 north to Mount Lookout and East Walnut Hills. 
 
 Steamboats and Packets. — The steamboat business of the 
 Queen City of the West is one of large dimensions, embracing all 
 the river trade from Pittsburg to the Gulf, The lines are as follows : 
 The New-Orleans line of eleven boats, departing Tuesday, Thursday, 
 and Saturday; the Memphis line of six boats, departing on Monday, 
 Wednesday, and Fridav; the United-States mail line of four boats, 
 two boats making daily departures for Louisvilie, and one each day 
 
2 °8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 for Madison. Three boats ply regularly between Cincinnati and 
 Pomeroy, making daily departures except on Sunday. From Cin- 
 cinnati to Huntington the line consists of two boats making one 
 departure daily. One boat makes tri-weekly trips Monday, Wednes- 
 day, and Friday, for Vanceburg. One boat leaves once each week for 
 the Kanawha Valley, and three boats for the Tennessee River. A 
 peculiar and attractive feature of the passenger business is the large 
 excursion traffic in the winter season to New Orleans and all points 
 South, forming a pleasant, healthful, and instructive relaxation from 
 the cares of business and household duties. The total number of 
 steamboats (including tow-boats) plying on the river for the year 
 1881 was 206, with a tonnage of 58,153. The tonnage of steamboats 
 and barges manufactured in Cincinnati during the year 1880-81 was 
 11,236, as against 5,970 for 1879-80; a most gratifying increase, and 
 giving promise of a brilliant future. 
 
 Storrs Township, so called, but now a portion of the city, the 
 2 1 st ward, extends from the west bank of Mill Creek along the river 
 front west to Riverside. Its western border-line is also the corpora- 
 tion line of Cincinnati. Sedamsville, Fairmount, Lick Run, and 
 Warsaw were in this township. 
 
 Street-Railroads. — See Horse-Cars, Inclined Planes, Narrow- 
 gauge Railroads, Steam Dummy Railroads. 
 
 Streets, Avenues, and Alleys. — The length of the streets, 
 avenues, and alleys of the city, improved and unimproved, will be a 
 matter of surprise even to most of the inhabitants. By an improved 
 street is meant one paved with bowlders, limestone blocks, wooden 
 blocks, macadamized, or gravelled. By unimproved is meant that 
 the street is graded, but not yet finished with a hard surface. Jan. 1, 
 1881, the city civil engineer reports that there were, within a small 
 fraction, ioif miles of streets and alleys paved with bowlder stone, 
 83^ miles of macadamized (broken limestone) avenues, streets, and 
 alleys; 6f miles of limestone-block-paved avenues, streets, and alleys; 
 7 miles of wooden-block streets ; I2| miles of macadamized turnpikes : 
 total miles improved avenues, streets, and alleys, 2io|; miles of un- 
 improved avenues, streets, and alleys, 199I : total miles improved and 
 unimproved streets, avenues, and alleys, 4io|. (See Old Streets, etc.; 
 and see Landmarks, etc.) 
 
 Sunday is a characteristic day in Cincinnati. No city in this 
 country is more alive on Sunday than is Cincinnati. From this fact 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 209 
 
 the name " Paris of America " has been firmly attached to it. It is 
 true that the wholesale and the better class of retail business-men 
 shut their business-places ; but in many parts of the city there are 
 retail shops open during a part or the whole of Sunday ; while " Over- 
 the-Rhine " there is no cessation from business on any day of the 
 week. Throughout the city, the hotels, eating-places, barber-shops, 
 cigar-shops, fruit-stands, and bar-rooms are open the forenoon or all 
 of the day. Amusements at any time of the year are never wanting. 
 In summer, crowds go to the hill-top resorts, to the Zoological Gar- 
 dens, to the concert and beer gardens, to base-ball games and other 
 athletic sports, and on railroad and steamboat excursions. In the 
 winter, crowds go to the hill-top resorts, which then provide shelter, 
 warmth, and music; to beer-saloons, where some sort of music is 
 generally furnished ; to club and private parties ; and they also go 
 skating, sleigh-riding, etc. During the greater part of the year, the 
 cheap places of amusement, styled by themselves " opera-houses " 
 and " theatres," are open Sunday afternoons and evenings ; and dur- 
 ing the winter, occasional attractions are offered at the better class 
 of theatres by way of concerts, lectures, and theatrical performances. 
 The demoralizing "free shows," consisting of a low variety enter- 
 tainment, the expenses of which are paid out of the profits on sales 
 of liquor and tobacco, are open the year round. The public libra- 
 ries and reading-rooms do good work by attracting many persons to 
 read books and papers. The Young Men's Christian Association, 
 the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Young Men's 
 Hebrew Association, keep open their places ; and the two first named 
 hold services at various hours. The social club-houses are open on 
 Sunday ; and members, with friends from outside the city, resort to 
 them. While knowing that there are such varied and so many 
 amusements, it must not be forgotten that a large part of the com- 
 munity are constant and devout church-going people. There are 
 over a hundred and fifty congregations holding regular service, one, 
 two, or three times a day, — except during the hot season. Then 
 there are many Sunday schools, and some Jewish people known as 
 Reformed Israelites, holding their services on Sunday. In the after- 
 noon and evening a large part of the people, even the better class, 
 will drive out on the road, or visit the public parks ; and the railroad 
 and steamboat lines make Sunday their special da"y on which to bring 
 in excursions from neighboring places. And so it is that the Sunday 
 
2IO 
 
 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 life in this city very clearly shows the metropolitan character of 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Surgeons. — See Physicians. 
 
 Suspension Bridge. — See Bridges. 
 
 Sycamore Hill. — That part of the city lying on Sycamore Street 
 in its ascent to Mount Auburn. The ascent begins near Liberty 
 Street, and the summit is reached at Saunders Street, half a mile 
 distant. Sycamore Hill is very steep in some places. In early days 
 it was the entrance to the city by way of the Lebanon Pike. 
 
 Taxes. — For the year 1882, the real and personal property on 
 the grand duplicate for taxation in Cincinnati amounted to $166,986,- 
 105 ; in Hamilton County, outside the city, it amounted to $38,480,- 
 771 ; total, $205,466,876. The total levy by the city, for all purposes, 
 on the property within its limits, is 18.96 mills on the dollar. To 
 this must be added the state levy, 2.90 mills, and the county levy, 
 1.96 mills; making a total of 23.82 mills, or $2.38.2 on each hundred 
 dollars. The rates of taxation in the townships outside the city vary 
 from i\ to 20 mills, or from 75 cents to $2 on each hundred. The 
 city-tax levy for 1882 was divided as follows: — 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 General fund . . 1.13 
 
 Police 1 60 
 
 Superior court 06 
 
 Fire-department ... 1.39 
 
 Light , 1.38 
 
 Workhouse « 20 
 
 Sanitary purposes 25 
 
 Parks 07 
 
 Sewerage > .10 
 
 Street-cleaning 50 
 
 Redemption of city debt 5° 
 
 Hospital 48 
 
 Infirmary 40 
 
 House of Refuge 22 
 
 Street-repairs 1.10 
 
 Redemption Southern Railroad bonds , . . . 1.16 
 
 Interest on city debt 4.46 
 
 School, Library, and University . . . 3.96 
 
 18.96 
 
 Add state levy 2 90 
 
 Add county levy '. 1 96 
 
 Total 23.82 
 
St. Xauier College. 
 
' 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 2 1 3 
 
 Telegraph and Telephone Offices. — American District Tele- 
 graph Company, 165 Vine Street; Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph 
 Company, 57 West Fourth Street ; Bell Telephonic Exchange, 43 
 West Fourth Street; Board of Trade Telegraph, 22 West Fourth 
 Street; City and Suburban Telegraph Association,. 43 West Fourth 
 Street ; Western Union Telegraph Company, north-west corner 
 Fourth and Vine Streets. 
 
 Temperance Organizations. — There are six lodges of Good 
 Templars, and five divisions of Sons of Temperance, in Cincinnati. 
 They hold weekly meetings in their separate halls, which are scat- 
 tered in every portion of the city, from Columbia to Cumminsville. 
 The Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Cincinnati Temper- 
 ance Reform Club, the Women's Temperance Union of Walnut 
 Hills, and the Templars of Honor, also hold weekly meetings. The 
 central meeting-place is the hall of the Women's Christian Temper- 
 ance TJnion, No. 115 West Sixth Street. Meetings are held here every 
 Sunday afternoon. 
 
 Theological and Religious Library Association was organized 
 in 1863. Its extensive and valuable collection of books and pam- 
 phlets is in alcoves specially assigned to them in the Public Library. 
 The president is, George F. Davis, and the secretary, is John D. 
 Caldwell. 
 
 Third National Bank of Cincinnati is number twenty of the 
 national-bank system. It began in July, 1863, w ^ tn a casn capital of 
 $300,000, which was increased in 1864 to $500,000. In May, 1871, it 
 purchased the building and business of the Bank of the Ohio Val- 
 ley, which was organized in 1858, immediately after the failure of the 
 Ohio Life and Trust Company. In 1871 the capital was increased to 
 $800,000, at which amount it stands to-day. The surplus is about 
 $320,000, and the deposits about $3,500,000. The dividends have 
 averaged twelve per cent a year, and the stock is very largely held 
 by those directly connected with the management of the bank. The 
 Third National does a legitimate banking business, and deals in 
 foreign and domestic exchange, European letters of credit, gold and 
 currency drafts on California, and United-States and Cincinnati bonds. 
 It is also the United-States and City of Cincinnati depository. The 
 office is 65 West Third Street. 
 
 Thorns' Hall. — A public hall on the west side of Central Avenue, 
 between Fourth and Fifth Streets, in the second story. The build- 
 
Carpet Department, 
 
 The assortments include all the newest designs in floor-coverings of all grades, em- 
 bracing the popular styles in 
 
 PERSIAN, INDIAN, AND GERMAN PIECE CARPETS, 
 AXMINSTERS, WILTONS, 
 
 BODY AND TAPESTRY BRUSSELS, 
 
 WITH 
 
 WOOL CARPETINGS IN THREE-PLY, 
 
 EXTRA SUPER, AND 'SUPER, 
 
 COTTON AND WOOL INGRAINS, 
 
 HEMP AND DUTCH CARPETINGS, 
 
 MATTINGS, RUGS, AND MATS, 
 
 OIL CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS, ETC. 
 -H- 
 
 Buyers will always find, in this department, complete and attractive assortments 
 
 at the 
 
 LOWEST PRICES. 
 -H- 
 
 The John Shillito Company. 
 
 214 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 215 
 
 ing was once owned by Morris Chapel, Methodist-Episcopal Church 
 congregation; but the society, becoming too large to be accommo- 
 dated in the hall, sold the building to J..C. Thorns, who converted it 
 into a convenient hall for small entertainments. 
 
 Tobacco. — As a tobacco-market Cincinnati ranks among the 
 first, while as a centre of trade in white tobacco she is the largest 
 market in the world. Manufacturers from the sea-board and Western 
 cities draw heavily on this city for their supplies of this particular 
 class of tobacco. It is doubtful if any other commodity is now so 
 peculiarly connected -with the prosperity of the city as this. All the 
 lines of transportation, warehouse-men, insurance companies, banks, 
 manufacturers, merchants, and shop-keepers in general find in it impor- 
 tant contributions to their business. The tobacco business of Cin- 
 cinnati, in all its branches of chewing and smoking goods, shows a 
 considerable increase over the year 1881, both in production and 
 taxes paid. The production in Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport 
 was as follows: Fine cut and plug, 4,702,159 pounds; smoking- 
 tobacco, 2,064,150 pounds; number of cigars and cigarettes, 127,253,- 
 970. Taxes paid were as follows: Fine cut and plug, $712,370.44; 
 smoking-tobacco, $330,437.17 ; cigars and cigarettes, $754,596.61. 
 These figures-show an increase over 1881 in the aggregate taxes paid 
 on all three commodities of $20,366.84. 
 
 Trades' Assembly. — A central organization, composed of three 
 delegates from each of fourteen trade-unions which have asked for 
 membership. The assembly holds semi-monthly meetings at Brick- 
 layers' Hall, corner of Central Avenue and Court Street. Only a 
 small proportion of the various trade-unions of the city belong to 
 the assembly. It is devoted to the interests of workingmen, and 
 takes an active part in political affairs. 
 
 Trinity Church, on Ninth Street, between Race and Elm, was, 
 like St. Paul's, a part of the Western Charge. A church for this 
 portion of the work was built in 1837, on the site of the present 
 building. The lot was purchased of Luther Rose, and up to 1841 
 the Western Charge remained undivided. After that year separate 
 pastors were appointed for the two churches. Trinity Church, so 
 named, was erected in 1859-60, and was the first regularly constituted 
 Methodist congregation which introduced the system of family or 
 promiscuous sittings. Up to that time the men and women were in 
 all cases required to sit apart in public worship. Trinity also intro- 
 duced the first church-organ into Cincinnati Methodism. 
 
216 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Turner Hall, owned and occupied by the Turnverein, is a large 
 building, Nos. 513 to 519 Walnut Street. It was finished in 1859, at 
 a cost of $35,000. The hall proper, which is in the third story, is 
 fitted for, and is used as, a German theatre, known as the Stadt 
 Theatre, and is in great demand for political conventions, balls, etc. 
 The building contains also, on the rear of the ground-floor, a gym- 
 nasium fitted with all the appliances for athletic exercises usually 
 found in gymnasiums. In the second story rear is a large hall, in 
 which the meetings of the Turnverein and of numerous other so- 
 cieties, singing-clubs, and building associations, are held. There are 
 also several large committee, cloak, and other rooms on the second 
 floor. On the ground-floor front are a large saloon and reading- 
 rooms. In the rear of the building is a large garden, with pavilion 
 for music, and tables for refreshments, to which there is an entrance 
 from Allison Street. The building is maintained by rents received 
 for its various halls, and the* proceeds of the saloon. 
 
 Turnverein, the Cincinnati. — A German society for the promo- 
 tion of athletic exercises. It was organized in 1848, and now num- 
 bers about five hundred members, many of whom are honorary and 
 contributing. The active members are divided into classes : one 
 consisting of all above the age of eighteen years; another, of youths 
 between the ages of fourteen and eighteen; and the third, of children 
 under fourteen years. Each class has its time for practice in the 
 gymnasium, where competent teachers are employed every night. 
 The association has its own band, selected from the members who 
 are musicians, and a cadet-corps of youth between fourteen and 
 eighteen years of age. These latter are drilled in the manual of arms 
 and military movements. The uniform of the cadets is a dark-gray 
 coat, pants, and cap; and that of the adult Turners is simply an 
 unbleached linen short sack-coat, worn with any other colored gar- 
 ments. The Turnverein owns the Turner Hall. 
 
 Tyler-Davidson Fountain, the, is one of the objects in Cincin- 
 nati in which the citizens take the utmost pride. It is the grandest 
 fountain in the United States, and by far the noblest work of art in 
 the city. It was unveiled in 187 1, and was donated to the city bv 
 Henry Probasco, as a memorial of his brother-in-law, Tyler David- 
 son, who for many years had the project under consideration. It 
 stands in the centre of the esplanade, on Fountain Square. The 
 massive base and the circular basin are made of porphyry, quarried 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 217 
 
 and polished in Europe. The fountain itself is cast in bronze, of 
 condemned cannon procured from the Danish government. The 
 castings weigh twenty-four tons. The diameter of the basin is forty- 
 three feet, and the weight of porphyry eighty-five tons. The height 
 of the fountain above the esplanade is thirty-eight feet. The bronze 
 pedestal on the base of porphyry is square ; the four sides bearing 
 representations in relief of the four principal uses of water, — wat^r- 
 power, navigation, the fisheries, and steam. The pedestal is sur- 
 mounted by four semi-circular bronze basins, each pierced in the 
 centre bv a single jet an inch in diameter. From the centre of the four 
 semi-circular basins rises a second bronze pedestal, surmounted by a 
 square column, on which stands the Genius of Water, a draped female 
 figure, with outstretched arms, from the palms and fingers of whose 
 hands the water falls in spray into the four semi-circular basins. On 
 either side of the square column is a group of figures of heroic size. 
 The eastern group represents a mother leading a nude child to the 
 bath ; the western group, a daughter giving her aged father a draught 
 of water ; the northern group, a man standing on the burning roof 
 of his homestead, with uplifted hand, and praying for rain ; the south- 
 ern group, a husbandman with an idle plough, and at his side a dog 
 panting from heat, supplicates Heaven for rain. There are life-size 
 figures in niches at each corner of the bronze pedestal -beneath the 
 semi-circular basins. One represents a nude boyVith a lobster, 
 which he has just taken from a net, and is holding aloft in triumph 
 with one hand ; another, a laughing girl, playing with a necklace of 
 pearls ; the third, a semi-nude girl, listening to the sound of the waves 
 in a sea-shell which she holds to her ear ; the fourth, a boy well 
 muffled, strapping on his skates. There are four drinking-fountains, 
 equi-distant on the rim of the porphyry basin. Each is a bronze 
 pedestal, surmounted by a life-size bronze figure. One represents a 
 youth astride a dolphin ; the second, a youth kneeling, holding one 
 duck under his left arm, and grasping by the neck another ; the third 
 is that of a youth, around whose right leg a snake has coiled, which 
 the youth has grasped with his left hand, and is about to strike with 
 a stone that he holds in his right. The fourth figure is that of a 
 youth kneeling on the back of a huge turtle, and grasping it by the 
 neck. Water issues from the mouths of the dolphin, duck, snake, 
 and turtle. The fountain was designed by August von Kreling of 
 Nuremberg, and cast by Ferdinand von M tiller, director of the Royal 
 
2i 8 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Bronze Foundery of Bavaria. The cost of the fountain itself was 
 $105,000 in gold. Together with the esplanade, the total cost was 
 over $200,000, All horse-cars pass by or quite close to the fountain. 
 
 Union Bethel, the Cincinnati. — Nos. 30 to 36 Public Landing, 
 east of Sycamore Street. The Bethel owns the Bethel Church build- 
 ing, which was erected in 1869, at a cost of $35,000. In front stands 
 the main building, erected in 1S72, at a cost of $45,000. The whole 
 property cost $134,000. The Bethel is supported by subscriptions 
 and contributions. David Sinton gave it $113,000, and two fairs 
 netted $72,000. Membership, $10 a year, $50 for life Only members 
 vote for directors. The Bethel comprises a church, undenomina- 
 tional, services Sundays, 11 a.m., 7.30 p.m., and Thursday evenings 
 7.30; a sabbath school, probably the largest in the world, for its 
 average attendance is over 2,260, meets Sunday afternoons, 2.30; 
 the "Young Men's Home," open every day from 6 A.M. to 12 r.M. ; 
 " Newsboys' Home," and the Merchants' Dining-Rooms furnish meals 
 and lodging at the lowest possible prices ; and the profits, if any, go 
 to the relief-department, which provides meals and beds to the worthy 
 needy poor. Thomas Lee has been identified with the institution for 
 fourteen years, and has been its superintendent and pastor for the 
 past eleven years. 
 
 Union Central Life-insurance Company of Cincinnati. — The 
 only local life-insurance company. It was incorporated in 1867, with 
 a capital stock -of $100,000; and Jan. 1, 1883, the gross assets were 
 $1,837,090.96; and according to the New-York" standard, its surplus 
 was $270,614.68, and its amount of assets to each $100 of liabilities 
 was $117,27. Its income for 1883 was $495,158.02. The laws of 
 Ohio restrict its investments to mortgages upon unencumbered real 
 estate, worth, exclusive of buildings, double the amount loaned 
 thereon, Government bonds, and loans upon its own policies. Its 
 stockholders are liable for double the amount of their stock. Its poli- 
 cies, after three annual payments, are also by law made incontestable, 
 except as to age or fraud. The superintendent of insurance is re- 
 quired to examine the company annually. The company owns the 
 office-building on the south-east corner of Fourth Street and Central 
 Avenue. The president is John Davis, and the secretary E. P. Mar- 
 shall, succeeding John Cochnower and N. W. Harris, who held the 
 same offices from the time the Union Central began business. 
 
 Union Insurance Company of Cincinnati was organized in 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 219 
 
 1855 m Kentucky, as the Mercantile Insurance Company of Coving- 
 ton ; but in 1859 it re-organized in Ohio under the present name. 
 The company's capital was $[00,000, with twenty per cent paid in. 
 Since 1859 the remaining eighty per cent has been earned, and cash 
 dividends averaging seven and a half per cent a year have been paid, 
 besides $20,000 surplus accumulated. Nearly $1, 000,000 have been 
 its receipts for premiums, and nearly $600,000 its payments for losses. 
 The first secretary of the company, A. C. Edwards, served until 1873, 
 when he was elected vice-president. In 1875 ne was elected presi- 
 dent, which office he now holds. Mr. Edwards's successor as secre- 
 tary is Joseph T. Blair, who has held the position since 1873. The 
 company does only a fire business, having discontinued its marine 
 business. Office, 66 West Third Street. 
 
 United Brethren Churches. — First German, Clinton and Bay- 
 miller, Jacob Ernst, pastor; Second German, 729 Eastern Avenue, 
 Gottlieb Fritz, pastor. 
 
 United Railroads Stock-yard Company was incorporated in 
 187 1, with a capital of $500,000. Fifty acres of land were bought on 
 the west side of Spring-grove Avenue in the 24th ward. About two- 
 thirds of the property lies between the avenue and Mill Creek, and 
 one-third on the west side of Mill Creek, the whole being connected 
 by the company's own bridge. These yards are surpassed in size, 
 arrangement, and management, by but few stock-yards in the world. 
 They have cost about $750,000, and have accommodations for 5,000 
 cattle, 10,000 sheep, and 25,000 hogs. The receipts each 3-ear amount 
 to nearly 1,000,000 hogs, 300,000 sheep, i6o,oco cattle, and 10,000 
 calves. Almost all railroads make connections with these yards. A 
 brick building contains the stock-yards' office, the Avenue Hotel, and 
 offices rented to live-stock dealers. The officers of the company are 
 J. L. Keck president, and John H. Porter secretary and treasurer. 
 The Cumminsville and Spring-grove horse-cars pass the yards. 
 
 United-States Internal Revenue Collector's Office occupies 
 Rooms 6, 7, 8, and 9, on the second floor of the Johnston Building, 
 south-west corner of Fifth and Walnut Streets. The first district of 
 Ohio comprises Hamilton County; and in this district, April 30, 
 1878, there were 3,248 persons who held licenses as retail liquor- 
 dealers, and 4,214 as retail tobacco-dealers. Out of the whole num- 
 ber, more than one-half were Germans. The following are the 
 statistics for this district for the year ending July 1, 1882 : — 
 
220 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 SOURCES. • REVENUE. 
 
 10 distilleries $9,008,267 
 
 359 tobacco, cigar, and snuff factories 1,034,025 
 
 21 breweries 707,190 
 
 Licenses J 38,379 
 
 From liquors and tobacco $10,887,861 
 
 From all other sources 39> 2 8i 
 
 Revenue of this district $10,927,142 
 
 Moreover, the revenue of this county alone from liquors and 
 tobacco is fully one-thirteenth of the entire revenue of the United 
 States. The cost of collecting the revenue here is one and one- 
 seventh per cent. The United-States collector is C. B. Montgomery, 
 whg has about ninety deputies and other employes under him. 
 
 United-States Mail-Line Company, the, established upwards 
 of fifty years, runs a line of steamboats between Cincinnati and 
 Louisville, and carries the mail between those cities and to inter- 
 mediate points on and in the vicinity of the Ohio River. It owns 
 five boats, — three first-class side-wheel steamers, the " United States," 
 *' Gen. Lytle," and " Ben Franklin ; " and two stern-wheelers, the 
 " Louis A. Shirley " and " Gen. Pike." Four boats are in service 
 all the time, daily trips being made to Louisville and to Madison, 
 Ind. One first-class boat is held in reserve. Fare to Louisville, 
 $3.50 ; round trip, $6. The freight carried is at all-rail rates, the 
 company carrying the insurance. Connections are made with all 
 railroads in both cities, and coupon-tickets sold on the steamers. 
 During the fifty years the company has been in active business, but 
 three accidents accompanied by loss of life have occurred on its 
 steamers. It is the oldest navigation company on the Western 
 waters. Wharf-boat at foot of Vine Street. Thomas Sherlock 
 president. 
 
 United-States Marine Hospital Service, established by Act of 
 Congress July 16, 1798, and re-organized by Acts approved June 29, 
 1870, and March 3, 1875, ' s trie medical department of the mercantile 
 marine ; and is charged, under the direction of the secretary of 
 the treasury, with the duty of looking after the health-interests of the 
 officers ?nd seamen employed on all American vessels engaged in 
 the foreign, coastwise, and inland trade. The object of the estab- 
 lishment of this service was to encourage fit persons to become 
 seamen by affording care and treatment to such as may while follow- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 221 
 
 ing their vocation become sick or disabled. The present surgeon- 
 general of the marine-hospital service is Dr. John B. Hamilton. In 
 addition to the care of the sick and disabled of the mercantile ma- 
 rine, the medical officers of the marine-hospital service are, under 
 the laws of the United States, further charged with the medical care 
 of seamen of the revenue-cutter service, and with the physical exam- 
 ination of officers of the revenue-cu Iters of the United States, and 
 of the keepers and crews of life-saving stations ; and finally they are 
 required to aid in the enforcement of quarantine, under the direc- 
 tion of the secretary of the treasury. Original appointments into 
 the medical corps are made to the grade of assistant surgeon only, 
 and after thorough examination into professional qualifications by an 
 examining board of surgeons of the service ; and the medical officers 
 are assigned to duty wherever their services may be required from 
 time to time. The relief-stations of the service are nearly 100, and 
 the number of seamen cared for are from 15,000 to 18,000 each year. 
 During the year 1SS2, the patients of the service numbered nearly 
 20,000. Medical officer in charge of the service at the port of Cin- 
 cinnati, Surgeon Walter Wyman. 
 
 United-States Custom-House and Post-Office. — See Custom- 
 House, and see Post-office. 
 
 United-States Signal-Service was organized by Act of Con- 
 gress approved Feb. 9, 1870, directing the secretary of war to pro- 
 vide for taking meteorological observations at military stations in 
 the interior, and at other points in the States and Territories, and for 
 giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by telegraph, 
 of the approach and force of storms. Gen. Albert J. Myers, chief 
 signal-officer of the United-States Army, was directed to carry into 
 effect the duties above mentioned that had been -imposed upon the 
 secretary of war. The Cincinnati office is in Rooms N and 63, 
 Pike's Opera-house building. 
 
 University of Cincinnati, the, is organized under the act passed 
 by the General Assembly of Ohio, April 16, 1870, "to enable cities 
 of the first class to aid and promote education ;" and which author- 
 izes any person or body corporate, holding any estate or funds in 
 trust for the promotion of education or any of the arts and sciences, 
 to transfer the same to the city as a trustee for such purpose ; thus 
 affording a means of consolidating various existing funds, which 
 separately are of little or no avail for their intended purposes. In 
 
222 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 accordance with this act, a university board was appointed January, 
 187 1. This board immediately received an estate which had been 
 left in trust for the city by Charles McMicken in 1858. Since then 
 the endowment of the university has been increased by important 
 donations from the Cincinnati Astronomical Society, Joseph Long- 
 worth, John Kilgour, and Julius Dexter, and by a bequest from the 
 Rev. Samuel J. Browne. With these funds and others, with the 
 assistance of the city, the university accumulated nearly $i,ooo,oco 
 worth of property. It consists of three departments: the academic, 
 or department of literature and science ; the school of design, or an 
 department ; and the observatory, or astronomical department. There 
 were in the academic department, during the year 1882-83, ^ ve P ost " 
 graduate students, fifty students in undergraduate courses, and thirty- 
 nine students in special courses. The university is free to residents of 
 both sexes, and a moderate charge is made to non-residents. Samuel 
 F. Hunt is chairman of the board of directors, and Thomas Vickers 
 is rector of the university. (See Observatory, and see School of 
 Design.) 
 
 Van Antwerp, Bragg, & 'Co. conduct the largest publishing- 
 house in the world devoted exclusively to school-books. Their 
 establishment, fronting at 137 Walnut Street, includes four large 
 buildings of seven floors each. In these is done every part of the 
 work of editing, making, and publishing school-books, which have 
 received the highest awards at the world's fairs held at Vienna, 
 Philadelphia, and Paris. About four million books are made each 
 year, and are sold in every State and Territory in the Union. They 
 are more extensively used than any other school-books published. 
 Some of the principal text-books of this house are McGuffey's and 
 Harvey's Readers and Spellers, Ray's and White's Mathematical 
 Series, Eclectic Geographies, and Copy-books, Venable's and Thal- 
 heimer's Histories, — forming a part of the well-known Eclectic 
 Educational Series. The new edition of McGuffey's readers, just 
 prepared for the press at a cost of $30,000, is probably the best 
 series of readers in every particular that has ever been published. 
 The firm dates its foundation from 1830, and is now composed of 
 Lewis Van Antwerp, C. S. Bragg, H. H. Vail, Robert F. Leaman, 
 A. Howard Hinkle, and Harry T. Ambrose. 
 
 Vine-street Hill. — A name given to that portion of the city 
 lying on Vine Street in its ascent to the summit of the northern hill. 
 
 
Vine Street, looking South. 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 225 
 
 It extends from the junction of Vine Street and Hamilton Road to 
 McMillan Street, Corryville, a distance of three-quarters of a mile. 
 Vine Street ascends the hill at a grade of four hundred feet to the 
 mile, and was cut through at a great expense. This portion of Vine 
 Street in early days was known as the Carthage Pike. 
 
 Washington Park. — The square between Race and Elm Streets, 
 extending from- Twelfth northwardly nearly to Fourteenth Street. It 
 is opposite the Music-hall building. The four and a third acres 
 occupied by the park, as well as that on which Music Hall stands, 
 was formerly a cemetery, but its use as such was discontinued about 
 the year 1840. For twenty years it was neglected, and overgrown 
 with briers and weeds. In 1861 the bodies of the dead were removed, 
 and the work of turning it into a park begun. It was graded down, 
 sodded, and a substantial iron fence eight feet in height built around 
 it. Later a spray fountain was built in its centre, and a drinking- 
 fountain consisting of a huge bowlder perforated for water-pipes 
 placed near by. Serpentine walks of screened gravel were made, 
 and the park thrown open to the public. It is filled with noble elms 
 and sycamores of a century's growth or more, being the natural for- 
 est-trees. It has ornamental iron gates on the four sides. The 
 monument to Col. Robert L. McCook stands on the western edge of 
 the lake containing the fountain. The park is the favorite of Ger- 
 man children, being in the midst of the German district; and thou- 
 sands daily seek its generous shade during sultry weather. It is well 
 supplied with rustic benches and other seats. Horse-cars, — Elm- 
 street and Vine and Twelfth Street lines. (See Monuments.) 
 
 Water- Works. — Cincinnati has reason to be proud .of her 
 water-works. The pumping-house is located on the river-bank, on 
 East Front Street, immediately east of the Little Miami Railroad 
 Depot. It contains seven large pumping-engines, the largest being 
 known as the " Shields " engine, which has a cylinder eight feet in 
 diameter and twelve feet stroke, with a pumping capacity of 20,000,000 
 gallons per day, each revolution lifting into the reservoirs 1,880 
 gallons. This is said to be the largest steam-engine in the world. 
 The other six engines have each about half the capacity of the 
 Shields. Water is lifted from the Front-street pumping-house into 
 the old reservoir at the foot of Mount Adams and the two mammoth 
 reservoirs in Eden Park. This pumping-house is a curiosity well 
 worth being seen. A second pumping-house, located at the intersec- 
 
226 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 lion of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Streets, receives a supply of water 
 from the Eden-park reservoirs, and lifts it to the immense boiler- 
 iron reservoirs on Mount Auburn, from which the portion of the 
 city on the northern hills is supplied (see Reservoirs). The con- 
 sumption of water during the year 1S82, for all purposes, in the city, 
 was 7,126,569,266 gallons. Of the vast amount, revenue was received 
 for only about one-half. The public institutions, fountains, fire-de- 
 partment, and leakage consumed the other half. The water-works 
 are owned and operated by the city, through the board of city com 
 missioners. The length of street-mains already laid, ranging in 
 diameter from three inches to forty inches, is 180 miles. The aver- 
 age price of water to consumers is twelve cents per 1,000 gallons. 
 
 Water-works Park. — I^or many years this was the only park in 
 the city. It lies on the southern slope of Mount Adams, facing the 
 Ohio River, between which and the park is the Front-street pumping 
 house. The old reservoir, a structure of solid masonry, occupies the 
 most elevated portion. The grounds contain about three acres, and 
 are tastefully ornamented with flowers, trees, and shrubbery. It is 
 now but little used, greater attractions being found in Eden Park, 
 close at hand. 
 
 Weather House. — See Casino. 
 
 Wesleyan College, the Cincinnati, a college for young women, 
 and controlled by the Methodist-Episcopal Church, was founded in 
 1842, and until 1865 occupied the building on Vine Street, between 
 Sixth and Seventh, now known as Aug's Club-House. That prop- 
 erty is owned by "The Cincinnati Enquirer," and the former chief 
 recitation-room of the college used as "The Enquirer's" mechan- 
 ical department. On the abandonment and subdivision of the old 
 Catherine-street burying-ground, the college association erected an 
 elegant college building, which was completed in 1868, on a portion 
 of the abandoned ground, on the west side of what is now known as 
 Wesley Avenue, in the rear of Christie Chapel Methodist-Episcopal 
 Church. The building is of Gothic architecture, four stories high 
 besides the mansard roof, 90 feet wide, and 180 feet front on Wesley 
 Avenue. The building and site are valued at $225,000, the building 
 alone having cost $135,000. The courses of study comprise the 
 primary, academic, and collegiate, music, drawing, and painting. 
 Boarding-pupils arc accommodated in the college building. The 
 average daily attendance during the year is about 225. Many Cm- 
 

 v% 
 
 
 
 
 
 t vm* 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 229 
 
 cinnati ladies prominent in charitable and educational works are 
 alumnae of this college : among them may be mentioned the wife of 
 President Hayes. 
 
 Wesley Chapel is the mother-church of Methodism in Cincinnati. 
 The first class was organized in 1804, and consisted of only eight 
 persons ; but so rapid was the growth of the church, that in less 
 than two years the leaders of the society determined to secure a lot, 
 and erect upon it a house of worship. They accordingly purchased 
 from James Kirby, lots eighteen and nineteen on the north-west cor- 
 ner of Fifth Street and Broadway, at that time in the midst of open 
 fields. Kirby's deed was dated Sept. 25, 1805 ; and the grant was 
 made by himself and wife to William Lynes, Robert Richardson, 
 Christopher Smith, James Gibson, and James Kirby, as trustees. A 
 small stone house was put up; and, when this became too small, a 
 brick addition was built in the rear. In process of time, even this 
 was outgrown ; and in 1829 the present building was erected. The 
 membership of the church was then 1,250. The little class of 1804 
 has now grown into 20 churches, with over 5,000 members. 
 
 West End, the. — This term was originally applied to that por- 
 tion of the city west of Central Avenue and north of Sixth Street to 
 Court ; the partially settled territory north of the latter street being 
 known as Texas, in which stood the Bull's-Head Tavern, now at the 
 corner of John and Findlay Streets. The march of improvement 
 and population drove out most of the Texas slaughter-houses, soap- 
 factories, and tanneries ; and the entire district has been rebuilt with 
 substantial and many elegant private residences, churches, and other 
 public buildings. The term "West End" is now applied to all that 
 portion of the city north of Fourth Street, and west of John to the 
 Mill-creek bottoms. It contains about one-half the population of 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Western Insurance Company of Cincinnati holds a perpetual 
 charter granted in 1836 ; but did not begin business until 1854, when 
 twenty per cent on the capital of $100,000 was paid in. In four 
 years the company's earnings made the capital full paid, and since 
 1858 semi-annual dividends have always been paid. The total divi- 
 dends amount to over $310,000, and the average is twelve and a half 
 per cent a year. Fifteen consecutive semi-annual dividends were ten 
 per cent each, and eleven consecutive semi-annual dividends were 
 eight per cent each. The net assets ©f the Western are $183,547. 
 
23° Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 The first president of the company was T. F. Eckert, who held the 
 position for twenty-four consecutive years until his death in 1878. 
 His successor is F. X. Reno, who previously had been the secretary 
 Charles F. Runck is secretary. Office, 82 West Third Street. 
 
 Western Methodist Book Concern was established in Cincin- 
 nati in 1824, to publish and circulate religious books and periodicals, 
 chiefly in support of the Methodist-Episcopal Church, to whom the 
 property belongs, and by whose General Conference the agents and 
 editors are elected. The buildings include a beautiful four-story 
 freestone building fronting at 190 West Fourth Street, in which on 
 the first floor is the magnificent Methodist Bookstore, and on the 
 uppers are the editors' and agents' rooms ; and also a back-building, 
 five stories high, containing one of the largest and most complete 
 book and job printing and binding establishments in the West. The 
 agents are Walden & Stowe. 
 
 Western Society for the Suppression of Vice has for its 
 object the enforcement of all laws for the suppression of the trade 
 in and circulation of obscene printed matter and pictures and articles 
 of indecent and immoral use. 
 
 Western Tract Society aims " to supply an evangelical literature, 
 and to apply it for the reformation and salvation of men." It was 
 commenced in 1852, and publishes tracts and papers for the sabbath- 
 school and for the family. It is undenominational. The principal 
 paper is "The Christian Press." Place of business, 176 Elm Street. 
 
 Wharves. — Along the eleven miles of river-front, there are many 
 wharves, popularly called landings. Most of these, in number and 
 extent of lineal feet, are private property, arid are used for log-rafts, 
 coal-boats and barges, and lumber. The extensive coal-dealers, who 
 have elevators, generally own their landings. So also with the 
 Marine Railway and Dry-dock Company, and the large saw-mill 
 owners of Pendleton, Fulton, Columbia, and Sedamsville. The Pub- 
 lic Landing — that owned by the city — extends from a point a short 
 distance east of the water-works, west to Mill Creek. The greater 
 portion of this is leased to private parties, ferries, steamboat-lines, 
 and others. The Public Landing proper extends from Broadway to 
 Race Street, and within this limit all general steamboat traffic is 
 confined. The city maintains a wharf-master and wharf-register to 
 collect wharfage-fees and to look after its wharf-interests in general. 
 
 Widows' and Old Men's Home is situated in Walnut Hills, and 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 231 
 
 is one of the largest and finest structures of its kind in this country. 
 It consists of two wings, one of whicii is occupied by the Widows' 
 Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women, and the other by 
 the Old Men's Home. The building is of brick, 237 feet by 181 feet, 
 three stories, and cost $80,000. This home is the result of the amal- 
 gamation of these two associations. The former was organized in 
 1848, incorporated in 1851, and, until 1879, owned and occupied a 
 building on Highland Avenue, Mount Auburn. The building became 
 too small to accommodate all applicants; and in 1879 the management 
 of the Old Men's Home proposed the creation of a common fund, 
 with which to erect a commodious building in Walnut Hills, which 
 should be sufficiently large to accommodate both institutions. This 
 was done, and resulted in the building above described. The corner- 
 stone was laid July 2, 1879, anc ^ tne structure was completed Septem- 
 ber, 1880. The conditions of admission to the Widows' Home are 
 the possession of a good character, and payment of $100 by the ap- 
 plicant, who must not be under 60 years of age. To the Old Men's 
 Home the same conditions apply, as to age and respectability, with 
 this addition : charges of admission are, from 60 to 65 years of age, 
 S300; from 65 to 70, $250; over 70, $150. The inmate also transfers 
 to the home ^aUL personal or real property he may be possessed of, 
 save such as is necessary for his personal expenses. There are at 
 present 9 inmates in the Old Men's Home, and 60 in the Widows' 
 Home. The home is under the supervision of a board of lady man- 
 agers, with gentleman trustees, and is supported by endowment-funds 
 and donations, the latter being swelled by the private fortunes of some 
 of the inmates. Mrs. P. Mallon is president, and Mrs. N. A. Jeffras 
 secretary. The home can be reached by the Walnut-hills and Mount- 
 Adams inclined-plane horse-cars. 
 
 Widows' Home, the Bodmann German. — Located on Highland 
 Avenue, Mount Auburn ; and named after Mr. Ferdinand Bodmann, 
 one of Cincinnati's prominent German merchants. The buildings 
 were formerly used as an American Widows' Home, and the problem 
 of its successful management was a matter much thought of and fre- 
 quently discussed by Mr. Bodmann. His daughter, Mrs. J. B. Gib- 
 son, in the spirit of her father, actuated by a desire to ameliorate 
 the lonely condition of worthy German widows, took a positive step 
 towards bringing to a practical 'issue the thoughts of many years, 
 and in 1881 purchased the buildings, remodelled them, and presented 
 
232 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 them to a representative assemblage of German ladies of Cincinnati 
 to be used as a Widows' Home. Steps were immediately taken to 
 incorporate the Home, which was accomplished July 8, 1881, with 
 Louis Ballauf, Charles Jacob, jun., And. Erkenbrecher, Ferdinand 
 Vogeler, and John B. Gibson as incorporators. The object of the 
 incorporation is to provide a home for aged and helpless German 
 Protestant widows who are alone in the world. The conditions of 
 admission are the payment of $100, and the possession of a good 
 character by the applicant. The buildings are of brick, four stories 
 in height, and contain fifty-four rooms and accommodations for about 
 a hundred inmates. They are surrounded by about two acres of 
 ground beautifully laid out and ornamented. There are at present 
 sixteen inmates. The Home is under the supervision of three trus- 
 tees and twenty-eight lady managers. It has an endowment fund of 
 between $15,000 and $20,000. Reached by Main-street horse-cars 
 and Mount-Auburn Inclined-plane, also by Elm-street and Walnut- 
 hills horse-cars. Visitors admitted. 
 
 Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co. are publishers of law, medical, scien- 
 tific, and miscellaneous books, as well as manufacturing stationers. 
 The business was established in 1842, and the firm name changed 
 to its present style in 1870. The firm is composed of Charles F. 
 Wilstach and F. H. Baldwin. In manufacturing blank-books and 
 office-supplies for railroads, banks, and other corporations, mercantile 
 houses, and municipalities, this is the leading house in the South- 
 west. The manufacturing department occupies two large buildings, 
 — one 25 by 80 feet, four stories high ; and the other 30 by 80 feet, 
 five stories high. The sales and ware rooms occupy two large floors, 
 each 42 by 120 feet. The establishment gives employment to about 
 100 hands. The bindery is one of the largest and best in the city, 
 and is in charge of Mr. Wilstach, who for eighteen years was presi- 
 dent of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, for nearly four years mayor 
 of Cincinnati, and was the president of the first of the present series 
 of the Cincinnati Industrial Expositions. 
 
 Women's Art-Museum Association. — See Art. 
 
 Women's Christian Association is an institution not only 
 worthy of all the support it receives, but also entitled to the most 
 liberal encouragement that the people can afford. Its object is the 
 temporal, moral, and religious welfare of women dependent on their 
 own exertions for a livelihood. To further this object, three depart- 
 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 233 
 
 ments have been established, — a business-women's boarding-house, 
 a committee on employment, and a committee on city-missionary 
 work. The boarding-house is not a charity-home ; but it is a com- 
 fortable home for women desirous of paying their way, and at the 
 same time of living in a very respectable yet economical manner. 
 S3. 50 a week is the maximum price, except for single rooms, when 
 the prices vary from $4 to $5. The house, at 100 Broadway, with 
 accommodations for forty ladies, is owned by the association. A 
 number of young ladies attending the College of Music and the 
 schools are among the boarders. The employment-bureau is at 267 
 West Fourth Street, and is open from nine a.m. to four p.m. During 
 the year 1882, there were 1,662 applications for situations filed, and 
 726 situations found. The mission committee have organized three 
 "mothers' meetings," the work of a Bible-reader, who is really a 
 city missionary, and visiting committees. A mothers' meeting is a 
 place where the poor women of a neighborhood are gathered to- 
 gether, to learn to sew, while conversation about general and religious 
 matters is carried on. 
 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union is a re-organization 
 of the "Women Crusaders." It was organized in 1875, to promote 
 temperance sentiment by preaching the gospel to those addicted to 
 drinking, and to those engaged in the liquor-traffic. It holds regular 
 meetings at its hall, 115 West Sixth Street, on Sunday, Tuesdaj', and 
 Thursday afternoons, at four o'clock. The Reform Club, an out- 
 growth and auxiliary of the Union, meets in the same hall Saturday 
 evenings at eight o'clock. Any person can attend the meetings. 
 Since 1875 about 5,700 persons have signed the temperance pledge 
 of the Union and of the Reform Club. The dues of the Union are 
 sixty cents a year; but the main support comes from collections, 
 donations, and from sustaining members. 
 
 Women's Dispensary Association. — A free dispensary for the 
 treatment of diseases peculiar to females, in charge of lady physi- 
 cians of the homoeopathic school, and open daily at 306 Linn Street. 
 
 Woodburn, a beautiful village on the hills in the eastern part of 
 the city, is three miles distant from the Post-Office, and may be 
 reached either by the Walnut-hills or by the Eden-park street-cars. 
 It is the residence of some of the wealthiest Cincinnatians, whose 
 handsome houses and well-kept grounds make this one of the most 
 beautiful of the suburbs. At the corner of Woodburn Avenue and 
 
234 Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 Madisonville Pike is the handsome Catholic Church of St. Francis 
 de Sales. 
 
 Woodland Garden. — See East-end Garden. 
 
 Woodward College. — The predecessor of Woodward High- 
 School, under the presidency of William Woodward, its founder^ 
 In 1853 the old college building was torn down, to make room for 
 the elegant high-school building which now occupies the site. The 
 alumni of the college, of whom many are living in the city, designate 
 themselves " Old Woodward Boys." 
 
 Woodward High-School, founded by William Woodward, is 
 located on Franklin Street, between Broadway and Sycamore. Pro- 
 motions to enter the school are made from pupils who pass a satis- 
 factory examination in the intermediate schools. Pupils to be eligible 
 for attendance must reside in the district lying north of Clark Street, 
 and east of Central Avenue from Clark Street to the Ohio River. 
 On. the other side of this line, high-school pupils must attend the 
 Hughes High-School. The high-schools are managed by the union 
 board of high-schools, composed of six delegates from the board of 
 education, five delegates from the board of trustees of the Wood- 
 ward Fund, and two delegates from the trustees of the Hughes Fund. 
 The average number of pupils in attendance at Woodward is about 
 four hundred and twenty-five. French, German, Latin, and Greek 
 are taught, and all the elements of a first-class common-school educa- 
 tion. Graduates are admitted to the University of Cincinnati without 
 examination. 
 
 Woodward Monument. — See Monuments. 
 
 Workhouse, the Cincinnati, is an immense building situated on 
 the Colerain Pike, in Camp Washington, adjoining the House of 
 Refuge. It consists of a central structure five stories high, with 
 wings, the height of three stories, in which are the cell-rooms, each 
 wing ending in a building of four stories. The frontage of the whole 
 edifice is 510 feet. The south wing contains the cells for male pris- 
 oners, ranged in a single block of six tiers, reached by iron stairways. 
 This block contains 360 cells. The north wing, similarly arranged, 
 contains 240 cells for female prisoners. The main building contains 
 the office, the family-rooms of the resident superintendent and secre- 
 tary, and the prisoners' kitchen. A chapel stands immediately in 
 the rear of the central structure, into which a Catholic altar can be 
 wheeled when occasion requires. Services are held every Sunday 
 
*a 
 
 ■■'■': ' 
 
 
 * fjr 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 237 
 
 morning at ten o'clock ; and, although none are required to be pres- 
 ent, there is scarcely any one absent. The grounds back of the prjson 
 are surrounded by a wall of masonry fifteen feet high. Within this 
 enclosure are the workshops, founderies, blacksmith's-shop, tool- 
 houses, guard and other houses of sufficient size to give employment 
 to all prisoners the workhouse will accommodate. Commitments are 
 made by the police-court and court of common pleas for all crimes 
 and misdemeanors the punishment for which is of a less grade than 
 imprisonment in the penitentiary. The grounds contain 26 acres. 
 The daily average number of prisoners is about 460. The Work- 
 house is managed by a board of five directors, appointed by the 
 mayor, and confirmed by the council. Horse-cars, — the Avenue line ; 
 fare, 5 cents from the city. 
 
 Workmen, Ancient Order of United. — A mutual benefit and 
 insurance association, in which the members receive weekly sick- 
 benefits, and at death the widow or other heirs receive the sum of 
 $2,000. The Qualifications for membership are a good moral char- 
 acter and sound health, the latter determined by an examining sur- 
 geon. The order is very strong in Cincinnati, there being 22 lodges. 
 In the State there is an aggregate membership of about 2,700, and in 
 the entire order about 66,000. Annual dues, from $4 to $6 ; assess- 
 ment for each death, $1.10. 
 
 Yale Club, founded in 1863, is said to be the oldest regularly 
 organized alumni association in this country. Its object is to bring 
 together the graduates of Yale College, at least once a year, so as 
 to keep alive the memories of Alma Mater. The annual dinner takes 
 place during the Christmas vacation, in order that instructors, gradu- 
 ates, and undergraduates, who are in the city for the holidays, may 
 be present. The young members have formed a Junior Yale Club, 
 as a branch of the older club ; and in the spring an informal supper 
 is held at Boman's, at which about twenty members are present. At 
 the regular dinner as many as seventy-five persons have been present. 
 
 Young Men's Bible Society of Cincinnati, one of the oldest 
 local institutions of the kind, was founded in 1834, as an auxiliary to 
 the American Bible Society, when Salmon P. Chase was elected its 
 president, which position he held for ten years. The object of the 
 society is to circulate the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment. 
 During the year 1881-82 there were distributed 3,035 Bibles and 
 6,388 Testaments; 552 Bibles and 1,170 Testaments were donated. 
 
%$& Picturesque Cincinnati. 
 
 The membership-list embraces the names of prominent clergymen 
 and laymen of every denomination, as the society is non-sectarian in 
 its character. The rooms are at 176 Elm Street. 
 
 Women's Exchange, an enterprise started Feb. 1, 1883, and 
 patterned after similar organizations in the East, has for its object 
 the establishment of a headquarters where women desirous of con 
 tributing towards their own support may deposit for sale articles of 
 their own home-production, such as embroideries, paintings, potteries, 
 canned fruits, specimens of culinary art, etc. It is managed by a 
 board of thirty directors, and is located at. 247 Race. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association was established Oct. 4, 
 1848, and is the oldest association of this kind on the American 
 continent. It has occupied the present premises, a large five-story, 
 stone-front building, situated on the south-east corner of Sixth and 
 Elm Streets, since 1874. The association hall has a seating capacity 
 of 300, and has two reading rooms, with a library of 1,500 volumes ; 
 besides which there are social parlors, with chess and parlor-croquet 
 rooms, baths, etc Prayer meetings are held week-days at twelve 
 o'clock, and Saturday, Sunday, and Monday evenings at eight o'clock, 
 Bible-classes are taught on Sundays at four p.m., and Thursdays at 
 eight p.m. Free lectures and concerts and other entertainments once 
 a week. Services are held by the committees at the hospitals, jail, 
 and workhouse. Cottage meetings and open-air services are also 
 held. The city missionaries and Bible-readers hold services the first 
 Monday evening in each month. Gospel temperance-meetings are 
 held on the last Monday evening of the month. Sunday-school 
 teachers' class meets for study every Saturday at twelve o'clock. The 
 primary Sunday-school teachers meet Saturdays at three p.m. Medi- 
 cal students' prayer-meeting Saturday evenings in their parlor at 
 half-past seven o'clock. Deaf and dumb hold social and religious 
 services alternate Saturday evenings at eight o'clock. Monthly busi- 
 ness meetings, the first Tuesday evening of every month ; and the 
 anniversary of the association is held on the first Tuesday evening 
 in November. The Young Men's Christian Association Quarterly 
 Reporter is issued regularly. Employment and boarding houses are 
 found free of charge. Open on week-days from eight a.m. to ten 
 p.m. The whole is open free to the public. The membership com- 
 prises 1,400 ladies and gentlemen. Active and associate members 
 pay $2 a year each. Active members are male members of evangel- 
 
Picturesque Cincinnati. 241 
 
 ical churches; and associate members comprise men not members of 
 evangelical churches, and women, whether church members of- not 
 The members are privileged to enter the classes for instruction. The 
 expenses are met chiefly by contributions. A contribution of $10 a 
 year is called a sustaining-member; and $500 paid at one time, or 
 Si 00 each year for five years, makes a life-member. 
 
 Young Men's Hebrew Association occupies rooms north-east 
 corner of Eighth Street and Central Avenue. It has a reading-room, 
 gives literary, musical, and social entertainments, and aims to secure 
 employment for the members. Dues, life-membership, $50; initia- 
 tion, $1.50; annual assessments, $4.00. 
 
 Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, in College 
 Building, has 40,000 volumes, 5,000 pamphlets, fine statuary, paint 
 ings, etc. The reading-room is comfortable and cosey, and contains 
 upwards of 200 papers and periodicals. Terms, $5 for yearly, $50 
 for life, and $100 for perpetual membership. Open every day from 
 eight a M. to ten p.m. Strangers admitted. H. B- Morehead is 
 president, and John M. Newton librarian. 
 
 Zoological Society of Cincinnati owns the largest and finest 
 zoological gardens in the United States. The buildings are as costly 
 and as substantial as those of the zoological gardens in Europe. 
 The grounds include 66 acres beautifully improved. There are 830 
 specimens of animals and birds, from all parts of the world. Fre- 
 quently there are balls, picnics, and special attractions, and on Thurs- 
 day evenings there is a ''fete" The restaurant inside the garden 
 furnishes good food at moderate prices. The gardens were opened 
 in 1875, and since that time about $300,000 have been expended. 
 They are situated in the south-west corner of Avondale, and front 
 on the Carthage Pike. Admission, 25 cents for adults; 10 cents for 
 children ; free for stockholders. Horse-cars, — Elm-street, Vine- 
 street, or Main-street lines. Ask for coupon-ticket to "Zoo;" fare, 
 10 cents. The success of these gardens is clue chiefly to the liberal- 
 ity of A. Erkenbrecher and Julius J. Eantlin, to the ability of Frank 
 J. Thompson the superintendent, and to the enterprise of Neil C. 
 Kerr the excursion manager. The officers are, S. Lester Taylor 
 president, Otto Laist vice-president, Frank A. Thompson secretary. 
 


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