CONCISE SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTIONS AND REGULATIONS THE MILITIA AND VOLUNTEERS OF THE UNITED STATES, COMPREHENDING THE EXERCISES AND MOVEMENTS OF The Infantry, Light Infantry, and Riflemen; Cavalry and Artillery: TOGETHER WITH The manner of doing duty in Garrison and in Camp, and the forms of PARADES, REVIEWS, and INSPECTIONS, As established by authority for the government of the Regular Army. PREPARED AND ARRANGED BY BREVET CAPTAIN S. COOPER, Aid dc Camp and Assistant Adjutant General. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF MAJOR GENERAL ALEXANDER MACOMB, Commanding the Army of the United Stales. $hf lattttyhfa : ROBERT P. DESILVER, No. 255 MARKET STREET. 18 36. P U/43 ■C7 Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1836, by Alexander Macomb & S. Cooper, in the clerk's office of the district court of the District of Columbia. STEREOTYPED BY JOHN FAGAN, PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. In this country, the Militia, from the nature of the government, must be depended on principally for repel- ling sudden invasions, and suppressing domestic insur- rections : it ought, therefore, to be properly organized and instructed in order to be effectual for those purposes. The great difficulty in the way of its becoming properly instructed, has thus far been the want of a simple and uniform system of instruction — one easily to be com- prehended and readily applied. The books published for the regular army are too voluminous and diffuse to supply this want ; and the various works compiled as a substitute, are all more or less objectionable. The present volume is intended to remove the diffi- culty as far as practicable. It embraces the substance of all our systems of tactics, whether for the Infantry of the Line, the Light Infantry, the Riflemen, the Artil- lery, or the Cavalry, together with such partsk of the regulations relative to camp and garrison duties, parades, reviews, and inspections, as may be necessary to the Militia. As the same general principles regulate the tactics applicable to the different arms of service, those for the Infantry which constitute the main body of an army, are alone laid dow r n at large. Artillery and Cavalry should be instructed as Infan- IV PREFACE. try, in order to act, when separated from their guns and horses. The Artillery instruction in this work, embraces the service of the piece, and the manoeuvres in the field and in the batteries ; that for the Cavalry, from " the mounting horse" to the manoeuvres in squadron. The words of command given by the instructor who represents the commanding officer, are printed in capi tals ; those of the subordinate officers in italics. ERRATA.— Part I. Page 15 — line 29 from the top — for head, read hand. Page 17 — top line — for 3d mo., read 4th mo. Page 18 — line 10 from the top — after the word thigh, insert the fol- lowing — seize it with the left hand above the right. Page 18 — line 30 from the top — after the word out, insert the follow- ing — the little Jinger resting against the thigh. Page 22 — line 3 from the top — insert the word left immediately be- fore the word knee. Page 24 — line 16 from the top— for twenty, read ten. Page 45 — line 28 from the top — and page 46 — line 4 from the top — for as a caution, read on a caution. Page 50 — line 32 from the top — for left shoulder, read right shoulder. Page 65 — line 17 from the top — after the words directing one, insert the following — conducts his subdivision till it halts ; and each chief whose subdivision takes post in rear of the directing one. Page 93— line 5 from the bottom— for No. 5, read No. 6. Page 110 — line 25 from the top — for centre-rank, read rear -rank. Page 110 — line 30 from the top— after the word themselves, insert ten paces, and for files at the right, read files of the right. ERRATA.— Part II. Page 7 — under definition Front, for distance, read direction. Page 8 — line 3 from the top — for each, read such. Page 22 — in lieu of lines 21, 22, and 23, read as follows — The lieu- tenant-colonel in front of the centre of the first, and the major in front of the centre of the third squadron; both on a line with the colonel. Page 23 — lines 24 and 25 — strike out the word two ; and for squa- drons, read squadron. Page 41 — last line of movement No. 7 — for No. 2, read No. 3. ERRATUM.— Part III. Page 9 — bottom line — for in halting, read in battery. PART I. INFANTRY TACTICS. A2 The words of command given by the Instruc- tor ■, (who represents the commander,) are printed in Capital letters. CONTENTS OF PART FIRST. OF THE SaUAD. P^ e 9 Position of the soldier "'"!!.!!!!..!!!..•• 9 Facings • '.'.','.'., *? rhe direct step 10 The oblique step t , 10 Manual of arms '.".'.'..... 21 Firings "' 21 The direct tire 21 The oblique fire 22 The fire by file ■ ['.'.'... ^ Alignments ' 23 To inarch to the front 24 The quick step 24 To march the back step 24 To march by the flank ' 25 To halt and. face to the front •••••*••*" 25 Marching by a flank, to change direction .. • 25 Marching by the front, to march by a flank ••■• 25 Wheeli n gs '.'.'. V. '.'.'.'. '. £Z Turning " 27 To stack arms ' * ' * ( 28 To resume arms OF THE COMPANY. 33 Formation of the company. . . ••■;;••• V.V.'.". ■".'.'.'.'.'.'.''.''.•'••• •• £4 To pass from two ranks into one rank . 35 Posts of officers and others in column ■••• 36 To open ranks • ' * * * 36 Alignments in open ranks 37 To close ranks ' & To fire by company ' 37 To fire by file ; " 3° To fire by the rear-rank 3& To advance in line .39 To halt and align the company 39 The oblique inarch in line • • • • ' 39 To retire in line ••••••;•■; 12 To halt and face to the front 40 To march by the flank... ~y 40 To change direction bynle 40 To halt and face to the front . . • ; 41 To break from line into column by platoon i;;"""";.. 43 To march in column ( 43 ?5 diminlh and increase front of column in marchmg ; | .' .* " .45 To diminish and increase front of column by files //.V;//// 40 To march in column of route 47 KKin^^ Manual of arms for sergeants and corporals • • 52 Manual of the sword for officers \ ".'..'. '.'.'. 53 Colour-salute • .• • • ' * ' ' 53 Instructions for the drum-major OF THE BATTALION. gg Formation of a regimentor battalion in order ^^/r'//.'/. \\\\ Y^"^ 60 To open ranks t 61 To close ranks 7 Vlll CONTENTS OP PART FIRST. Bgi Manual of arms 61 Loadings and firings 61 To stack and resume arms 63 Manner of determining a line 63 Movements 64 Movements from line ■ 65 No. 1. To break to the right into column 65 2. To break to the right to march to the left * 66 3. To break to the rear into column 66 4. To ploy into close column or mass 67 5. To ploy into column doubled on the centre 68 6. Changes of front 69 7. To march by a flank 70 8. To advance in line 72 9. To halt the battalion and to align it 73 10. To retire in line 73 11. To halt the battalion and face it to the front 74 12. Passage of obstacles 74 13. To pass a defile in retreat 76 Movements from open column 78 No. 1. To march in column 78 2. To change direction in marching 78 3. To halt the column 78 4. To form to the left into line 79 5. To form line to the right, by inversion 79 6. To form on right into line 80 7. To form to the front into line 80 8. To form line faced to the rear 81 9. 10. To form line by two movements 82 1 1, 12. To form close column 83 13. Countermarch 84 Column in route 84 Movements from close column 85 No. 1. To form open column by the head 85 2. To form open column on the rear 86 3. To form open column on the head 86 4. To change direction in marching 87 5. To change direction from a halt 88 6. Countermarch 89 7. To form division from company 89 8. To deploy on first division 90 9. To deploy on fourth division 91 10. To deploy on an intermediate division 92 Movements from column doubled on centre 93 No. 1. To form line to the front 93 2. To form line tojhe right 93 Dispositions against ca'valry 93 Rules for manoeuvring by the rear-rank 97- LIGHT INFANTRY AND RIFLE. OF THE COMPANY. Deployments 109 1. To deploy forward .. 109 2. To deploy by the flank Ill 3. To extend intervals 112 4. To close intervals 113 5. To relieve skirmishers 114 To march in advance 114 To march in retreat 115 To march by a flank 115 The firings 116 Rallying and assembling 117 OF THE BATTALION. To deploy a battalion as skirmishers 119 To rallv the battalion deployed as skirmishers 121 8 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. Position of the Soldier, Heels on the same line and as close together as the con- formation of the man will permit ; toes turned out equally, so as to form nearly a right angle ; knees straight but not stiff; body inclined a little forward ; shoulders square ; arms hanging naturally; elbows near the body; palms of the hands turned a little to the front ; the little finger behind the seam of the pantaloons ; face direct to the front ; chin a little drawn in without constraint ; eyes looking to the front so as to meet the ground at a distance of fifteen paces. EYES-RIGHT.— At the word right, turn the lead gently to the right, so as to bring the corner of the left eye nearest the nose, in a line with the junction of the heels, the eyes directed in a line with the eyes of the men in the same rank. FRONT. — Resume the position to the front. EYES-LEFT — Will be executed by inverse means. REST. — Stand at ease, without moving the left foot from its position. ATTENTION-SQUAD.— At the word squad, resume the prescribed position and steadiness. Facings, SQUAD, BY THE RIGHT (or LEFT) FLANK. RIGHT (or LEFT) FACE.— At the word face, turn on the left heel, by raising a little the left toe, at the same time bring the right heel to the side of the left, and on the same line, so that the line of the heels shall be exactly at right angles with the former line. SQUAD-ABOUT.— At the word about, turn on the left heel, bring the left toe to the front, carry the right foot to the rear, the hollow opposite to, and three inches from the left heel, the feet square to each other ; seize at the same time the inner corner of the cartridge-box with the right hand, 9 10 PART I. OP THE SQUAD. FACE. — Turn on both heels, by raising the toes a Jittle, extend the thighs and face to the rear ; bring the right heel by the side of the left, and quit the hold of the cartridge-box. If under arms, turn the left hand at the word about, as in the first motion of presext— arms, and replace the hand and piece at the instant of bringing the right heel to the side of the left. The Direct Step. The direct step, in common time, is twenty-eight inches, reckoning from heel to heel, and at the rate of ninety in a minute. SQUAD-FORWARD.— Throw the weight of the body on the right leg, without bending the left knee. MARCH. — Step off with the left foot, the knees straight, the toes pointed a little downwards and turned slightly out ; the body inclined a little forward, and the foot planted flat at the prescribed distance ; the right foot next passed to the front in the same manner. SQUAD-HALT. — At the word halt, stop short on the foot advanced, and bring up the other without stamping. The Oblique Step. Marching in the direct step in common time. RIGHT OBLIQUE-MARCH.— At the word march, given at the instant the left foot comes to the ground, carry the right foot obliquely to the right and front, twenty-six inches from the left, and eighteen inches on that side, turn- ing the toes a little inward ; next advance the left foot, by the shortest line, eighteen inches in front of the right heel : continue to march in this way, keeping the head and shoul- ders square to the front. To resume the Direct March. FORWARD -MARCH.— At the word march, given at the instant either foot comes to the ground, resume the direct march. Manual of Arms. This is taught to two men, placed at first side by side in one rank, elbow to elbow, and next in a single file, that is, one behind the other. 10 PAKT I. OF THE SQUAD. 11 Each command is executed in one time (or pause) and is divided into motions. The celerity of each motion, with the exception of the motions relative to the cartridge, "to the rammer, and to the fixing and unfixing of the bayonet, is fixed at the ninetieth part of a minute. As the motions here excepted cannot be executed at the rate prescribed, they are notwithstanding to be executed with promptness and regularity. The last syllable of the command decides the brisk exe- cution of the first motion of each time. The commands two, three, and four, decide the brisk execution of the other motions. The men are taught to execute the time without resting in its different motions, as soon as they comprehend the positions of the several motions of a time. Before proceeding to the manual of arms, the men, at shouldered arms, repeat the movements of eyes-right, left, and front, and the facings. Position of shoulder-wms. (Fig. 1.) The musket in the left hand, the arm very little bent, the elbow back, near the body, the palm of the hand pressing on the outer flat of the butt, the outer edge of the latter on the upper joints of the fingers, the heel of the butt between the fore and middle fingers, the thumb on the front screw of the butt-plate, the remaining fingers under the butt, the butt more or less kept back, according to the conforma- tion of the soldier, so that the piece seen from the front may appear to be perpendicular, and also that the movement of the thigh, in marching, may not raise it, or cause it to waver, the stock below the tail-band, resting against the hollow of the shoulder, just within the joint, the right arm hanging naturallv, as prescribed for the soldier without arms. SUPPORT-ARMS.— (Fig. 2.) 1st mo. With the right hand seize briskly the handle, or small, of the stock, four incites below the lock, raising a little, but not turning the piece. 28 mo. Take the left hand from the butt, extend the left fore-arm upwards across the body, under the cock, the hand flat on the right breast. 3d mo. Drop the right arm smartly into its position. REST. — Bring up smartly the right hand to the small of the stock and stand at ease. 11 12 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. ATTENTION-SQUAD.— Resume the position of the third motion of support-arxs, at the word squad. CARRY-ARMS.— 1st mo. Carry quickly the right hand to the small. 2d mo. Place quickly the left hand upon the butt. 3d mo. Let fall smartly the right hand into its position, and drop with the left, at the same time, the piece into the position of shoulder-arms. ARMS-PORT.— (Fig. 3.) Throw the piece diagonally across the body, the lock to the front, seize it smartly at the same instant, with both hands, the right at the handle, the left at the tail-band, the two thumbs pointing towards the muzzle, the barrel sloping upwards and crossing opposite to the point of the left shoulder, the butt proportionally lowered. The palm of the right hand above, that of the left, under the piece, and the nails of both next to the body, to which the elbows are closed. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Bring the piece smartly to the left shoulder, placing the left hand under the butt. 2d mo. Drop the risrht hand smartly by the side. PRESENT-ARMS.— (Fig. 4.) 1st mo. Turn the piece with the left hand, the lock out, and seize the small at the same time with the right hand, the piece perpendicular, and detached from the shoulder, the left hand remaining under the butt. 2d mo. Complete the turning inward of the piece, so as to bring it erect before the centre of the body, the rammer to the front, the right hand under and against the guard ; seize it smartly at the same time with the left hand above the lock, the little finger against the feather-spring, the thumb extended along the barrel and on the stock, the fore- arm resting on the body without constraint, and the hand at the height of the elbow. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Turn the piece with the right hand, the barrel out ; raise and support it against the left shoulder with the right hand, drop the left under the butt, the right hand resting on, without grasping, the handle. 2d mo. Drop quickly the right hand into its position. ORDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Drop the piece smartly, by extending the left arm ; seize it at the same time with the right hand above and near the tail-band: quit the hold of the left hand, and carry the piece opposite the right shoulder, . 12 TART I. OF THE SQUAD. 13 the rammer in front, the little finger behind the barrel, the right hand supported against the hip, the butt three inches from the ground, the piece erect, the left hand hanging by the side. 2d mo. Let the piece slip through the right hand to the ground without shock, and take the position about to be de- scribed. Position of order-arms. (Fig. 5.) The hand low, the barrel between the thumb and fore-finger extended along the stock ; the other fingers extended and joined ; the muzzle about two inches from the right shoulder; the rammer in front; the toe, or beak, of the butt, against, and in a line with the toe of the right foot, the barrel perpendicular. REST.— Stand at ease. ATTENTION-SQUAD.— At the word squad, resume the position of order-arms. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Raise smartly the piece with the right hand, carry it against the left shoulder, turn- ing it, so as to bring the barrel to the front ; place at the same time the left hand under the butt, and slip the right hand down to the lock. 2d mo. Let fall smartly the right hand into its posi- tion. CHARGE-BAYONET. — (Fig. 6.) 1st mo. Make a half face to the right on the left heel, place at the same time the right foot behind, and at right angles with the left, the hollow of the, right foot opposite to, and about three inches from the left heel : turn the piece with the left hand, the lock outwards, and seize the handle at the same time with the right hand, the musket perpendicular and detached from the shoulder ; leave the left hand under the butt. 2d mo. Bring down the piece with the right hand into the left, the latter seizing it a little in advance of the tail- band, the barrel up, the left elbow near the body, the right hand supported against the hip, the point of the bayonet at the height of the eye. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Face to the front by turning on the left heel, bring up the right by the side of the left heel ; at the same time, spring up the piece with the right B 13 14 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. hand to the left shoulder, and place the left hand under the butt. 2d mo. Let fall smartly the right hand into its position. LOAD IN TWELVE TIMES.— LOAD.— (Fig. 7.) 1st mo. As the first motion of charge-bayonet, except that the hollow of the right loot is brought up against the left heel. 2d mo. Biing down the piece with the right hand into the left, which, at the instant, seizes it at the tail-band, the thumb extended on the stock, the butt under the right fore- arm, the handle against the body and about two inches under the right breast, the muzzle at the height of the eye, the guard turned a little out, the left elbow supported against the side. At the instant the piece falls into the left hand, the right thumb is placed on the steel above the flint, the fore- fingers closed, the right fore-arm along the butt. 2. OPEN-PAN. — Open the pan, by pushing forward the steel with the right thumb, the left hand resisting and hold- ing the piece firm ; draw back immediately the right elbow, carry the hand to the cartridge-box, passing it between the butt and the body, and open the box. 3. HANDLE-CARTRIDGE.— Seize a cartridge with a thumb and the two next fingers, and place it between the teeth, the right hand passing between the butt and the body. 4. TEAR-CARTRIDGE.— Tear the paper down to the powder, holding the cartridge upright between the thumb and next two fingers ; in this position place it against the pan, the palm of the right hand turned towards the body, the right elbow supported on the butt. 5. PRIME. — Drop the head a little, fix the eves on the pan, fill it with powder, press together the top of the car- tridge with the thumb and fore-finger, raise the head, and place the two last fingers of the right hand firmly behind and against the steel. 6. SHUT-PAN. — Resisting the motion with the left hand, shut the pan smartly with the fingers behind the steel, holding carefully the cartridge with the two next fingers and the thumb; seize immediately the handle with the two remaining fingers and the palm of the right hand, the right wrist touching the body, the elbow back, and a little detached from the bod v. T. CAST-ABOUT.— (Fig. 8.) 1st mo. Pass the piece PART I. OP THE SQUAD. 15 along the left thigh, after bringing it upright near the body ; to effect this, press the butt strongly, extending smartly the right arm, without lowering the shoulder ; turn at the same time the rammer towards the body, open the left hand to let the piece slide through it towards and near the middle band, the elbow remaining near the body, the cock bearing on the right thumb ; at the same time face to the front, turning on the left heel, and carry the right foot forward, the heel against the hollow of the left foot. 2d mo. Quit the hold of the right hand ; through the left, let the piece descend to the ground, without shock, along and near the body ; raise at the same time the right hand to the height of, and near the muzzle, holding the top of the cartridge up, the left hand against the body, the piece touching the left thigh, the muzzle opposite to the centre of the body. 8. CHARGE-CARTRIDGE.— (Fig. 8.) Fix the eye on the muzzle, turn quickly the back of the right hand towards the body, in order to discharge the powder into the barrel ; raise the elbow to the height of the wrist, shake the cartridge, force it into the muzzle, and leave the hand reversed, the fingers closed but not clenched. 9. DRAW-RAMMER.— 1st mo. Drop smartly.the right elbow and seize the rammer between the thumb and fore- finger bent, the other fingers shut ; draw it smartly extend- ing the arm ; seize the rammer again at the middle, between the thumb and fore-finger, the hand reversed, the palm to the front, the nails up, the eyes following the movement of the head ; clear the rammer from the pipes by again extend- ing the arm. 2d mo. Turn rapidly the rammer between the bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, the rammer of the rear- rank man grazing the right shoulder of the man in front, the rammer parallel to the bayonet, the arm ''extended, the butt of the rammer opposite to the muzzle, but not yet in- serted, the eyes fixed on the muzzle. 3d mo. Insert the butt of the rammer and force it down as low as the hand. 10. RAM-CARTRIDGE— (Fig. 9.) Extend the arm to its full length to seize the rammer between the right thumb extended and the fore-finger bent, the other fingers closed ; with force ram down twice, seize the rammer at the 15 18 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. little end, between the thumb and fore-finger bent, the other fingers closed, the right elbow touching the body. 11. RETURN-RAMMER.— 1st mo. Draw briskly the rammer, seize it at the middle between the thumb and fore- finger, the hand reversed, the palm to the front, the nails up, the eyes following the movement of the hand ; clear the rammer from the barrel by extending the arm. 2d mo. Turn rapidly the rammer between the bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, the rammer of the rear- rank man grazing the right shoulder of the man in front, the rammer parallel to the bayonet, the arm extended, the little end of the rammer opposite the first pipe, but not yet inserted ; the eyes fixed on that pipe. 3d mo. Insert the little end, and with the thumb force it as low as the middle band ; raise quickly the hand a little bent, place the little finger on the butt of the rammer, and force it down ; lower the left hand on the barrel to the extent of the arm, without depressing the shoulder. 12. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Raise the piece with the left hand along the left side, the hand at the height of the chin, the fore-arm touching the piece, the barrel to the front ; drop at the same time, the right hand to seize the piece a little above the handle, the fore-fingers touching the cock, and the thumb on the counter-plate. 2d mo. Raise the piece with the right hand, drop the left, and place it under the butt, bring back the right heel to the side of the left, and on the same line ; support the piece with the right hand against the shoulder, in the position prescribed for shoulder-arms, the right hand resting on without grasp- ing the piece. 3d mo. Let fall smartly the right hand into its position, by the side of the thigh. READY.— (Fig. 10.) 1st mo. As the first motion of the first time of load. 2d mo. Bring the piece with the right hand to the middle of the body, place the left hand, the little finger touching the feather-spring, the thumb extended on the stock at the height of the chin, the counter-plate almost turned towards the body, the rammer obliquely to the left and front. 3d mo. Place the thumb on the head of the cock, the fore-finger under and on the guard, the other three fingers joined to the first, the elbow at the height of the hand. 16 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. 17 3d mo. Close the right elbow smartly to the body in cocking ; seize the piece at the handle, let it descend along the body in the left hand to the tail-band, which remains at the height of the shoulder. AIM. — (Fig. 11, 12.) Drop smartly the muzzle, the left hand remaining at the tail -band ; support the butt against the right shoulder, the left elbow a little down ; shut the left eye, direct the right along the barrel, drop the head upon the butt to catch the object, and place the fore-finger on the trigger. The rear-rank at the same time places the right foot about eight inches towards the left heel of the man next on the right. FIRE. — Apply the fore-finger with force to the trigger, without lowering or turning the head, and remain in that position. LOAD. — 1st mo. Bring back the piece quickly and take the position of the second motion of the first time of load, except that the right thumb, instead of being placed against the steel, seizes the head of the cock, with the fore-finger bent, and the other fingers closed. 2d mo. Half-cock, carry the right hand immediately to the cartridge-box, passing it between the butt and the body, and open the box. If, after firing, it be intended to bring the squad to the shoulder, instead of loading, the command is given : SHOULDER-ARMS.— At the word shoulder, take the position of the second motion of the-first time of load, half- cock, shut pan, and seize the handle of the piece. At the word arms, come to the shoulder and face to the front. The squad being in the position of aim, to habituate the men to wait for the word fire, the command is sometimes given : RECOVER-ARMS.— Withdraw the finger from the trig- ger, throw up smartly the muzzle, and retake the position of the fourth motion of ready. If from this position the squad is to be brought to a shoul- der, the command is given : SHOULDER-ARMS — At the word shoulder, face to the front, bring the piece to the middle of the body, the left thumb at the height of the chin, the little finger touching the feather-spring ; next place the right thumb on the head of the cock, support the fore-finger on the trigger, sustain at B2 17 18 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. the same time the cock in its descent till the flint nearly touches the steel, raise the cock to the half-cock notch, and seize the handle of the piece with the right hand. At the word arms, carry the piece smartly to the shoulder, and take the position of shoulder-arms. UNFIX-BAYONET.— 1st mo. Drop the piece by a smart extension of the left arm, seize it with the right hand above, and near the tail-band. 2d mo. Drop the piece with the right hand along the left thigh, lengthen out the left arm, rest the butt on the ground, without shock, and carry, at the same time, the right hand to the bayonet, seize it at the socket and shank, so that the lower end of the socket may be about an inch below the heel of the palm, and that in wresting off the bayonet, the thumb may be extended on the blade. 3d mo. Wrest off the bayonet, return it to the scabbard, place immediately the right little finger on the butt of the rammer, lower the left hand along the barrel, in extending the arm, without depressing the shoulder. SHOULDER-ARMS.— As the twelfth time of load. SECURE-ARMS.— (Fig. 13.) 1st mo. Seize quickly the piece with the right hand, the thumb on the counter- plate, and the fore-finger against the cock ; detach the piece from the shoulder at the same time, the barrel to the front, seize it at the tail-band with the left hand, the thumb extend- ed on the rammer, the piece erect, opposite to the shoulder, the left elbow on the piece. 2d mo. Reverse the piece, pass it under the left arm, the left hand remaining at the tail-band, the thumb on the ram- mer, to prevent it from sliding out, the point of the bayonet six or eight inches from the ground, the right hand falling at the same time into its position. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Raise the piece with the left hand, but not too suddenly ; seize the handle with the right hand to support it against the shoulder ; quit the hold of the left hand, and place it quickly under the butt. 2d mo. Let fall smartly the right hand to its position ; drop at the same time the piece into the position of shoul- der-arms. FIX-BAYONET.— 1st and 2d mos. As the first and second motions of uxfix-bayoxet, except at the end of the second motion, the right hand goes to seize the bayonet by • ' IS TART I. OP THE SQUAD. 19 the socket and shank, so that the lower (now upper) end of the socket shall extend about an inch above the heel of the palm. 3d mo. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, carry and fix it on the muzzle ; place the right little finger on the butt of the rammer. SHOULDER-ARMS.— As the twelfth time of load. TRAIL-ARMS.— (Fig. 14.) 1st mo. As the first motion of ORDER-ARMS. 2d mo. Incline a little the muzzle to the front, the butt to the rear, and about three inches from the ground ; the right hand supported at the hip, sustains the piece so that the man in the rear-rank may not touch with the bayonet, the man in his front. SHOULDER-ARMS. — At the word shoulder, raise the piece perpendicularly in the right hand: at the word arms, execute what is prescribed for the shoulder, from order-arms. TO RIGHT SHOULDER, SHIFT-ARMS.— (Fig. 15.) Turn the piece with the left hand, lock to the front, seize it at the same time at the handle with the right hand, place it on the right shoulder, the left hand not quitting the butt, the cock above and resting on the shoulder, the muzzle up ; sus- tain the piece in this position by placing the right hand on the flat of the butt, so that the toe of the butt may be between the first two fingers, the other two on the butt-plate ; let fall the left hand by the side. SHOULDER-ARMS.— Raise the piece by extending the right arm, seize it with the left hand above the lock, carry it against the left shoulder, turning the barrel to the front, the right hand being at the handle ; place the left hand under the butt, and let the right fall into its position. ARMS-AT WILL. — Carry the piece at pleasure on either shoulder with one or both hands, the muzzle always up. SHOULDER-ARMS.— Retake smartly the position of SHOULDER-ARMS. The squad being at order-arms with bayonets in the scab- bards, to cause an inspection of arms, the command is given : INSPECTION OF-ARMS.— 1st mo. Face to the right once and a half on the left heel, carrying the right foot per- pendicularly to the rear of the alignment, about six inches from and at right angles with the left foot ; seize promptly the piece with the left hand a little above the middle band, incline the muzzle to the rear without displacing the heel of 19 20 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. the butt, the rammer turned towards the body ; carry at the same time the right hand to the bayonet and seize it as pre- scribed in the second motion of fix-bayonet. 2d mo. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, carry and fix it on the muzzle ; seize next the rammer, draw it as explained in loading, in twelve times, and let it glide to the bottom of the bore. 3d mo. Face promptly to the front, seize the piece with the right hand, and retake the position of order- arms. The inspector inspects, in succession, the piece of each man, in passing along the front of the rank. Each, as the inspector reaches him, raises smartly his piece with his right hand, seizes it with the left between the tail-band, and the feather-spring, the lock to the front, the left hand at the height of the chin, the piece opposite to the left eye : the inspector takes it with the right hand at the handle, and after inspecting it, returns it to the man, who receives it back with the right hand and replaces it in the position of order-arms. When the inspector has passed him, each man retakes the position prescribed in the command inspection of arms, and returns the rammer; after which he faces to the front. If, instead of inspection of arms, bayonets only are to be fixed, the command is given: FIX-BAYONET.— Take the position prescribed in the first motion of inspection of arms ; fix the bayonet and face to the front. If, after fixing bayonets, rammers are to be sprung, the following command is given : SPRING-RAMMERS.— Put the rammer in the barrel as explained above and face to the front. To load in four times. The squad beincr at a shoulder. LOAD IN FOUR TIMES.— LOAD.— Execute the first time of load, open pan, handle cartridge, tear cartridge, and prime. TWO. — Shut pan, cast about, and charge cartridge. THREE. — Draw rammer, and ram cartridge. FOUR. — Return rammer, and shoulder arms. To load at will. LOAD AT WILL-LOAD.— Execute the loading as in four times, but without resting on the times. 20 PART I. OP THE SQUAD. 21 FIRINGS. The firings are direct or oblique. The Direct Fire. This is executed as prescribed in the manual of arms, and by the following commands. Fire by squad — Squad— < Ready — Aim — Fire — Load. The Oblique Fire. This is executed to the right and left, by the same com. mand as the fire direct, the command aim, being always pre- ceded by the caution right (or left) oblique, after the word READY. Position of the ranks in the oblique fire to the right. At the word ready, both ranks execute what is prescribed for the fire direct. At the words right-oblique, both ranks throw back the right shoulder and look at the object at whiclg|hey are to fire, the rear-rank holding itself ready to take aim through the same interval as in the fire direct, though in an oblique direction. At the word aim, the front-rank takes aim to the right with- out stirring the feet. The rear-rank advances the left foot about six inches towards the right toe of the man of the front- rank in the same file, incline the upper part of the body for- ward, in bending a little the knee, and takes aim to the right. At the word load, both ranks resume the position pre- scribed for the fire direct ; the rear— rank brings back the Jeft heel against the hollow of the right foot, at the instant the piece is brought to the priming position. Position of the ranJcs in the oblique fire to the left. At the word ready, both ranks execute what is prescribed for the fire direct. At the words left oblique, both ranks throw back the left shoulder, and look at the object at which they are to fire, the rear-rank holding itself ready to take aim to the left of the men of the same file in front, and in an oblique direction. At the word aim, the front-rank takes aim to the left with- out moving the feet. The rear-rank men advance the left 21 32 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. foot six inches towards the right heel of the front-rank men of their files ; they also advance the upper part of the body, in bending a little the knee, and take aim through the inter- vals to the left of their file-leaders. At the word load, both ranks come to the priming po- sition, the pieces still obliqued to the left, and prime ; the rear-rank brings back the left heel to the hollow of the right foot. In casting about both ranks take the same position as in the fire direct. The fire by file % FIRE BY FILE.— SQUAD-READY— COMMENCE FIRING. — At the word ready, both ranks take the position prescribed for the direct fire. At the words commence fir- ing, the right file aims and fires, the two men together ; the next file aims at the instant the first has fired, and so on suc- cessively to the left : after the first fire every man loads and fires without waiting for the others. Each man faces to the front in casting about, and after returning rammer, springs tip his piece with the left hand which places itself on the feather-spring, and at the height of the chin ; at the same time he makes a half face to the right, taking the position of ready. To arrest the fire* ROLL. — At this word, the firing ceases ; each man half cocks, if his piece be cocked ; loads or finishes loading, if not already loaded ; and shoulders arms. To Mark Time. Marching in the direct step in common time. MARK TIME-MARCH.— At the word march, given the instant either foot is coming to the ground, make a sem- blance of marching, by advancing first one foot, and then the other, always bringing back the advanced foot, and placing its heel by the side of the heel of the other. To resume the direct step. FORWARD-MARCH.— At the word march, given the instant either foot is coming to the ground, resume the direct step 22 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. 23 To change step. CHANGE STEP-MARCH.— At the word march, given the instant either foot is coming to the ground, bring up quickly the foot in the rear to the side of that just placed on the ground, and step off with the latter. Alignments* Four or eight men are now united in one rank, elbow to elbow, and numbered from right to left. The men are first taught to align themselves man by man ; to effect which the two on the right are marched two paces to the front and aligned, after which the remainder are cau- tioned to move up one by one according to their numbers, and are aligned successively on the line of the two first. Each as designated, turns his head and eyes to the right, marches in common time, two paces forward, shortening the last, so as to be about six inches behind the new alignment ; he then moves up steadily by steps of two or three inches, to the side of the man next to him on the alignment, so that without deranging the head, the line of the eyes, or that of the shoulders, he may find himself in the exact line of his right-hand man, whose elbow he touches without opening his own. Alignments to the left are executed on the same princi- ples. When the men have learned to align themselves in this manner, the whole rank will be aligned at once as follows : RIGHT (or LEFT)-DRESS.— At the word dress, the rank, except the two men placed as a basis, moves up in common time, each man placing himself on the line in the manner just prescribed. The rank being aligned, the word front is given. Alignments to the rear are executed on the same principles, the men stepping back a little beyond the line and then dress- ing up, by the command right (or left) backward-dress. To march to the front. A well instructed man is placed on the right or left of the squad, according to the side on which the guide is to be. SQUAD FORWARD, GUIDE LEFT (or RIGHT)- MARCH. — At the word march, the squad steps off with 23 24 PART I. OP THE SQUAD. the left foot, the guide marching straight to the front and keeping his shoulders square with that line. The following rules are to be observed : — Touch lightly the elbow towards the guide, without opening the left elbow, or the right arm ; yield to pressure from the side to the guide, and resist that from the opposite side ; avoid lapping elbows, and swinging the arms ; keep the head to the front, the eyes cast on the ground about fifteen paces in front. The squad is next exercised in the oblique march to the right, and left, observing always to keep the touch of the elbow towards the guide. It is also taught to pass from common to quick time, and the reverse ; but the oblique march in quick time should not be practised until the squad ^s well established in the cadence. The Quick Step* This step is at the rate of one hundred and twenty in a minute; its length conforms to the step in common time, whether direct or oblique. Marching in the direct step in common time* QUICK TIME-MARCH.— At the word march, given as either foot is coming to the ground, the squad steps off in quick time. To resume the direct step in common time. COMMON TIME-MARCH.— At the word march, given on either foot as above, the squad retakes the step in common time. To march the bach step. SQUAD BACKWARD, GUIDE LEFT (or RIGHT)- MARCH. — At the word march, the squad steps off smartly with the left foot to the rear, carrying it about fourteen inches, or half the common step, and so on with the feet in succes- sion, until the word squad, halt, when the foot in front is brought back to the side of the other. To march by the flank. Being at a halt and aligned. SQUAD, BY RIGHT (or LEFT) FLANK, RIGHT (or LEFT) FACE. — At the word face, the squad faces to the right (or left). 24 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. 25 SQUAD, FORWARD-MARCH.— At the word march, the squad steps off with the left foot in common time. A well instructed soldier is placed by the side of the leading man to conduct him and regulate the step ; this man marches elbow to elbow with the soldier. The men cover each other accurately. At each step, the advancing heel of every following man is planted about six inches in advance of the opposite heel (yet on the ground) of the man immediately preceding. The knees should not be bent, in order to avoid treading on the heels of the men preceding. To halt the squad and face it to the front. SQUAD-HALT. — At the word halt, the squad halts, each man standing fast, though he may have lost distance. FRONT-FACE. — At the word face, each man faces to the left, if marching by the right flank, and to the right, if marching by the left flank. To change direction while marching by a flank. BY FILE, LEFT (or RIGHT) MARCH.— At the word march, the leading man changes direction to the left (or right), and then marches straight forward ; the others change direction as they successively arrive on the ground where the first changed. Marching by the front, to march by a flank. SQUAD BY LEFT (or RIGHT) FLANK-MARCH.— At the word march, given a little before either foot comes to the ground, each man turns his body, plants the foot that is raised in the new direction, and steps off with the other foot, without altering the cadence of the step. Flank marching will be executed first in common time, afterwards in quick time. Wheelings. Wheelings are of two kinds ; from a halt or on fixed pivots, and in marching, or on moveable pivots. In the latter case the wheel will be made to the side opposite the guide, or reverse flank. To wheel from a halt, or on a fixed pivot. A well instructed man is placed on the wheeling flank. C 25 26 PART I. OP THE SQUAD. BY SQUAD, RIGHT WHEEL-MARCH— At the word march, the squad steps off with the left foot, turning at the same time, the head a little to the left, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyes of the men to the left, the pivot man marks time in turning, in order to conform to the movement of the marching flank ; the man who conducts this flank, takes steps of twenty -eight inches, and from the first step, advances a little the left shoulder, casts his eyes, from time to time, along the rank, and feels constantly the elbow of the next man lightly, without pushing. The other men, each feels lightly the elbow of the aext man towards the pivot, re- sists pressure from the opposite side, and conforms to the marching flank, lengthening or shortening the step accord- ing to his greater or less distance from the pivot. The squad wheels round the circle, once or twice before halting. The wheel to the left is executed according to the same principles. To halt the wheel. SQUAD-HALT. — At the word halt, each man stands fast. The two outer men opposite to the pivot flank are then placed in the direction to be given to the squad, leaving between them and the pivot only space necessary to contain the other men. LEFT-DRESS. — At the word dress, the squad places itself on the alignment of the two men established as a basis in the manner already prescribed. The squad being aligned, the word front is given. Wheeling to the left is executed on the same principles. To wheel in marching, or on a moveable pivot. RIGHT (or LEFT) WHEEL— MARCH. At the word march, given the instant the squad arrives at the wheeling point, the wheel is executed in the same manner as from a halt, except that the touch of the elbow remains toward the marching flank, or side of the guide, instead of the side of the pivot; the pivot man, instead of turning in his place, conforms to the movement of the marching flank, feels lightly the elbow of the next man, takes steps of nine inches, and gains ground forward, in describing the arc of a small circle to clear the point of the wheel. The middle of the 26 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. 27 rank bends slightly to the rear. As soon as the movement commences, the man who conducts the marching flank casts his eyes on the ground over which he will have to pass. FORWARD-MARCH,— At the word march, given at the instant of completing the wheel, the squad moves for- ward, taking the step of twenty-eight inches — head direct to the front. Turning or change of direction to the side of the guide. This takes place only when the change of direction is to be made to the side of the guide. LEFT (or RIGHT) TURN— MARCH.— At the word march, given the instant the turn is to be made, the guide faces to the left (or right) in marching, and moves forward in the new direction, without altering the step or pace. The whole squad promptly conforms itself, without running, to the new direction ; each man advances the shoulder opposite to the guide, takes the quick step to carry himself in the new direction, turn his head and eyes to the side of the guide, and retakes the touch of the elbow on that side, in placing himself on the alignment of the guide, from whom he takes the step, and then turns his head to the front. Each man thus arrives successively on the alignment of the guide. To stack Arms* The squad being in two ranks at order-arms. STACK-ARMS.— At this command the front-rank man of every even numbered file passes his piece before him, seizing it with the left hand above the middle band, and places the butt behind and near the right foot of the man next on the left, the barrel turned to the front. At the same time the front-rank man of every odd numbered file passes his piece before him, seizing it with the left hand below the middle band, and hands it to the man next on the left ; the latter receives it with the right hand two inches above the middle band, throws the butt about thirty-two inches to the front, opposite to his right shoulder, inclining the muzzle towards him, and locks the shanks of the two bayonets: the lock of this second piece towards the right, and its shank above that of the first piece. The rear-rank man of every even file projects his bayonet forward, and introduces it (using both hands) between and under the shanks of the two 27 28 PART I. OF THE SQUAD. other bayonets. He then abandons the piece to his file leader, who receives it with the right hand under the middle band, brings the butt to the front, holding up his own piece and the stack with the left hand, and places the butt of this third piece between the feet of the man next on the right, the S plate to the rear. The stack thus formed, the rear-rank man of every odd file passes his piece into his left hand, the barrel turned to the front, and, sloping the bayonet forward, rests it on the stack. To disperse, the command is given : BREAK RANKS — MARCH. To resume Arms, The squad, on a signal, or order to fall in, re-forms in two ranks. TAKE-ARMS. — At this command the rear-ra»k man of every odd file withdraws his piece from the stack ; the front rank man of every even file seizes his own piece with the left hand, and that of the man on his right with the right hand ; the rear-rank man of every even file seizes his piece with the right hand at the middle band, advancing for the purpose, the hollow of his right foot as far as the right heel of his file leader ; these two men raise up the stack to loosen the shanks ; the front-rank man of every odd file receives his piece from the hand of the man next on the left, and the four men retake the position of order-arms. When companies stack arms, the sergeants, and also cor- porals, if in the rank of file closers, rest their pieces against the stacks nearest to them respectively, after ranks are bro ken, and resume their pieces on the signal to re-form ranks The colour-guard forms a separate stack. 2< Fro. 1. PART I. OF THE SQUAD. Fio. 3. Fig, 3. Fig. 7. PART I. OF THE SQUAD. Fig. 8. Fra. & Fk* 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. PART I. OP THE SQUAD. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. 31 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. Formation of the Company. (Fig. 1.) The company being assembled on its ground, the ser- geants, by the command fall in, cause the rank and file (corporals and privates) to form in one rank, faced to the right, and in the order of height from right to left, the tallest man on the right, (now head of the rank), the next tallest immediately covering the first, and so on to the left, or rear of the rank. The first sergeant then gives the words : FRONT-FACE. — At the word face., the company faces to the front, and the second sergeant places himself on the left of the rank. IN TWO RANKS, FORM COMPANY. > At the BY THE LEFT FLANK. LEFT-FACE. \ word face, the company faces to the left, except the sergeant and man on the left, who stand fast. MARCH. — At the word march, the men who have faced to the left, step off together; the second man, counting from the left, places himself behind the man next to the sergeant, and faces to the front ; the two following men, in like man- ner, on closing up, form the next file, and all the other men come successively to form files two deep, to the right of those already formed. The distance between the ranks is thirteen inches, measured from the breasts of the rear-rank men to the backs, or knapsacks, (if they be on), of the front-rank men. The captain now divides the company into two equal pla- toons, and each platoon into two equal sections. The pla- toon on the right is called the first platoon, and that on the left the second platoon. The sections are numbered from right to left, first, second, third, fourth. The corporals (four in number) are then placed on the right and left of each platoon, in the front rank according to height, and the files are numbered from right to left. The officers and sergeants now take their posts as follows ; The captain, in the front rank on the right of the company. The first lieutenant, two paces in rear of the rear-rank, and equidistant between the centre of the second platoon and the second file from the left of the company. 33 34 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. The second lieutenant, opposite the centre of the first pla- toon, and two paces in rear of the rear-rank. The third lieutenant, opposite the centre of the second pla- toon, and two paces in rear of the rear-rank. The first sergeant, on the right of the rear-rank covering the captain : he is denominated covering sergeant, or right guide of the company. The second sergeant, two paces in rear of the second file from the left of the company ; he is denominated the left guide of the company. In the left companv of a battalion, this sergeant is on the left of the front-rank, and is covered by a corporal in the rear-rank ; he is designated as the clo- sing sergeant, and the corporal, the covering corporal. The third sergeant, two paces in rear of the second file from the left of the first platoon. The fourth sergeant, two paces in rear of the second file from the right of the second platoon. The fifth sergeant, two paces in rear of the rear-rank, and equidistant between the second lieutenant and the third ser- geant. The officers and sergeants thus posted in rear of the com- pany, constitute the rank of file-closers ; this rank is two paces in rear of the rear-rank. The pioneer is posted in the line of file-closers on the right ; and the music in a line with the front-rank, four paces on its right, the drummer on the right of the fifer, or bugler. Absent officers and sergeants may be replaced, officers by sergeants, and sergeants by corporals, according to rank and the necessity of the case. To pass from two ranks, into one rank. IN ONE RANK FORM COMPANY.— The left guide faces to the left. MARCH. — The left guide steps off and marches in the pro- longation of the front-rank ; the next file steps off at the same time with the guide ; the front-rank man turns to the left at the first step, follows the guide, and is himself followed by the rear-rank man of his file, who turns on the spot where his file leader turned. The second file, counting from the left, and successively all the other files, march as prescribed for the first ; the front-rank man of each, immediately following the rear-rank man of the file next on the left. The captain halts the company as the last man on the right turns into the rank. The file closers extend themselves with the movement. 34 PART I. OP THE COMPANY. 35 Posts of Officers and others in column. In column by Division. Two companies united, constitute a division, and are com- manded by the senior captain of those companies, who places himself two paces in front of the centre of the division ; the junior captain in the front-rank, on the right of the left com- pany of the division, covered by the covering sergeant of that company ; the covering sergeant of the right company, is the right guide of the division, and is on the right of the front- rank ; the left guide of the left company is the left guide of the division, and is on the left of the front-rank. When the division faces by a flank, the senior captain places himself by the side of the leading guide who is in the front-rank ; the junior captain by the side of the covering ser- geant of the left company, who steps in the front-rank. In column by Company. The captain is two paces in front of the centre of his com- pany ; the first sergeant on the right of the front-rank, and is the right guide of the company ; the second sergeant on the left of the same rank, and is the left guide of the company. In column by Platoon. The captain commands the first platoon, the first lieuten- ant the second platoon ; each takes post two paces in front of the centre of his platoon ; the first sergeant is the guide of the first platoon ; the second sergeant is the guide of the second platoon ; they are on the left of the front-rank of their respective platoons, if the column be right in front, and on the right if the left be in front. If the column be marching in the route step, the chiefs of platoon take the place of the guides on the directing flank, and are covered by the latter in the rear-rank. In column by Section. This column takes place only in column of route, and then only when platoons have a front of ten or more files. The cap- tain commands the first section ; the first lieutenant the third ; the second lieutenant the second ; and the third lieutenant the fourth section ; each taking post on the directing flank in the front-rank of his section ; the two guides who are thus dis- placed, each falls back to the rear-rank of his section and cov- ers its chief; the remaining file-closers place themselves in the rear-rank of their respective sections, all on the side of direction. 35 36 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. In column, except in column by sections, the file-closers, not otherwise provided for, are in their proper places behind the rear-rank of their respective subdivisions. In close column or in column at half distance, they close up to within one pace of the rear-rank. In column right in front, the left flank is the directing flank (except under peculiar circumstances or manoeuvres) ; the reverse is the case in column left in front. In column, each chief of subdivision always briskly repeats the commands march, and halt, the instant he hears them given. To open ranks. The company being at shoulder-arms, the left guide is placed on the left of the rear-rank. TO THE REAR, OPEN ORDER.— The covering ser- geant and the left guide, step off to the rear, in the back step, four paces, and align themselves parallel to the rear- MARCH.— The front rank stands fast; the rear-rank steps off in the back step, in common time, without counting steps, places itself on the alignment, marked out for it, and is aligned by the right on the left guide, by the covering sergeant. The file-closers step off at the same time with the rear rank, and place themselves two paces in the rear of that rank. The ranks being aligned the word front, is given. Alignments in open ranks. The ranks are first aligned man by man, as in the squad drill, three men being placed three paces in advance of the risht or left of each rank, to serve as a basis, and the words given, BY FILE RIGHT (or LEFT)-DRESS.— The men of each rank move up successively on the alignment, each man being preceded two paces, by his neighbour. The ranks are next aligned at once, forward and back- ward, in both parallel and oblique directions, by the com- mands RIGHT (or LEFT)-DRESS, or RIGHT (or LEFT) BACKWARD-DRESS; three men in each case being placed as a basis. t . Before closing the ranks, the company is exercised in the manual of arms and the loadings in twelve times. 3o PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 37 To close ranks. CLOSE ORDER-MARCH.— At the word march, the rear-rank closes to the front, each man covering his file- leader. The company is next instructed in the alignments, and the manual of arms in closed ranks, and then proceeds to the loadings and firings. Loading in four times and at will, are commanded and executed as prescribed in the squad drill. The captain and covering sergeant make a half-face to the right with the men, and face to the front when the man next to them re- spectively casts about. To fire by company. FIRE BY COMPANY.— At this command the captain places himself opposite to the centre of his company, four paces in rear of the rank of file-closers ; and the covering sergeant places himself in that rank opposite to his interval. This rule is general for the captain and covering sergeant in all the different firings. COMMENCE FIRING.— At this command, the captain gives the words, company — ready — aitn — -fire — load. At the word load, each man brings back his piece, loads and comes to the shoulder, when the captain recommences the fire by the same commands, and thus continues it till the roll of the drum. The captain may sometimes cause aim to be taken to the right and left, by giving the words, right (or left) oblique, between the words ready and aim. To fire by file. FIRE BY FILE. COMPANY. READY-COMMENCE FIRING. The fire is executed as prescribed in the squad drill. The firing ceases by a roll of the drum, when each man loads and comes to the shoulder. In actual firing, at the roll of the drum, the captain and file-closers give the words cease firing. The roll is always followed by a tap on the drum, when the captain and covering sergeant resume their places in line, and rectify, if necessary, the alignment of the ranks. D 37 38 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. To fire by the rear-rank. FACE BY THE REAR-RANK.— At this command, the captain steps out and places himself near to, and facing the right file of the company ; the covering sergeant and file-closers pass quickly through the captain's interval, and place themselves, faced to the rear, the covering sergeant a pace behind the captain, and the file-closers two paces from the front-rank opposite to their places in line. COMPANY ABOUT-FACE.— At the word face, given the instant the last file-closer has passed through the inter- val, the company faces about; the captain places himself in his interval in the rear-rank, now front, and the covering sergeant covers him in the front-rank, now rear. The different firings are now executed in the manner already prescribed. The fire by file commences on the left, now the right flank. To resume the proper front. FACE BY THE FRONT RANK.— This is executed as prescribed in the command face by the rear-bank. COMPANY ABOUT-FACE.— The company having faced about, the captain and covering sergeant resume their places in line. To advance in line. COMPANY, FORWARD.— At this command, a ser- geant, previously selected, moves six paces in advance of the captain, and is correctly aligned on the prolongation of the captain and covering sergeant. This advanced sergeant is charged with the direction, and will take two points on the ground in the direct line to the front. MARCH. — The company steps off with life. The direct- ing sergeant observes, with the greatest precision, the length and cadence of the step, marching on the two points he has chosen ; he takes in succession, and a little before arriving at the point nearest to him, new points in advance, exactly in the same line with the two first, and at a distance of fif- teen or twenty paces from each other. The captain marches in the trace of the directing sergeant, keeping always six paces from him. The men march with the head and shoul ders square to the front, touch lightly the elbow towards the 33 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 39 captain, and resist pressure from the opposite side. The file-closers march in their places, two paces behind the rear- rank. To halt the company advancing in line, and to align it. COMPANY-HALT.— The company halts at the word halt, the directing sergeant returns to his place as a file- closer, and the captain rectifies the alignment. Advancing in line, to oblique to the right or left. RIGHT (or LEFT) OBLIQUE-MARCH.— The word march, is given, and the movement executed as prescribed in the squad drill ; the men maintaining the touch of the elbow towards the captain, who conforms his march to that of the directing sergeant. To resume the Direct March. FOR WARD-MARCH.— At the word march, the direct march is resumed. The company is next instructed to mark time by the com- mand 3i ark time-march ; to resume the march by the command forward-march ; to march in quick time by the command quick time-march ; and to resume the common time by the command common time-march ; the word march, being given as either foot is coming to the ground. To retire in line. COMPANY, ABOUT-FACE.— At the word face, the company faces about. COMPANY, FORWARD.— At the word forward, the covering sergeant moves up, opposite to his interval, into the rank of file-closers, now leading ; the captain replaces the covering sergeant in the rear-rank, now front, and the directing sergeant places himself in front of the captain, six paces in advance of the rank of file-closers, and in the man- ner prescribed for the advance in line. MARCH. — The company steps off in the manner pre- scribed for the advance in line. The company retiring in line, executes all that is pre- scribed for advancing in line 39 40 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. To halt the company retiring in line, and to face it to the front. COMPANY, HALT. ABOUT-FACE.— As soon as the company faces about, the captain, the covering sergeant, and the directing sergeant, resume their proper places in line. To march by the flank. (Fig. 2.) COMPANY BY THE RIGHT FLANK, RIGHT-FACE. — At the word face, the company faces to the right, and the covering sergeant places himself at the head of the front- rank, the captain on his left. COMPANY FORWARD -MARCH. — At the word march, the company steps off in common time, the captain and covering sergeant directing their march straight forward ; the men of the rear-rank march abreast of their respective front-rank men, and the file-closers opposite to their places in line. The march by the left flank is executed by the same com- mands, substituting left for right. As soon as the com- pany faces to the left, the left guide places himself at the head of the front-rank, the captain on his right. The cover- ing sergeant replaces the captain in the front-rank. To change direction by file. (Fig. 2.) The company being faced to a flank, and either in march or at a halt. BY FILE LEFT (or RIGHT) MARCH.— At the word march, the first file wheels ; if to the side of the front-rank man, this man describes the short arc of a circle, shortening a little the first three or four steps, to give the rear-rank man time to conform to the movement. If the wheel be to the side of the rear-rank man, this man conforms himself to the movement of the front-rank man, by describing a short arc of a circle. Each file wheels on the same spot where the first wheeled. To halt the company, marching by a flank, and to face it to the front. COMPANY, HALT. FRONT-FACE.— At the word face, the company faces to the left, if marching by the right flank, and to the right if marching by the left flank: and the captain, covering sergeant, and the left guide, return to their places in line. 40 PART I. OF THE COMFANY. 41 Marching by a flank, to form on right {or left) by fie into line. (Fig. 3.) The march being supposed to be by the right flank. ON RIGHT, BY FILE INTO LINE-MARCH. — At the word march, the rear-rank marks time; the captain and covering sergeant turn to the right, march six paces forward, and halt ; the captain places himself on the line to direct the alignment as the men of the front-rank successively arrive on it ; the covering sergeant places himself behind the cap- tain, at the distance of the rear-rank ; the first man of the front-rank continues to march, passes behind the covering sergeant, turns to the right, and places himself by the left side of the captain ; the second man of the same rank passes behind the first, turns to the right, and places himself on the left of the first, and thus in succession to the last man of this rank : the rear-rank marks time until two men of the front- rank are formed, when it executes the movement in like manner, each man covering his file-leader. In marching by the left flank, the movement is executed by inverse means, substituting in the command the word left, for right. The captain and the left guide return to their places in line as soon as the company is formed and aligned. Marching by the flank to form by company or by platoon into line. (Fig. 4.) The march being supposed by the right flank. BY COMPANY INTO LINE-MARCH.— At the word march, the covering sergeant continues to march straight forward ; the men advance the right shoulder and march in quick time, diagonally, into line with the covering sergeant, taking the step from him as they successively arrive in line, one after the other. The rear-rank men conform to the move- ment of their file-leaders. The captain superintends the execution of the movement, and, when the company is form- ed, gives the words guide left, and places himself two paces in front of the centre, taking the step of the company. Marching by the flank to form platoon. BY PLATOON INTO LINE-MARCH.— The movement is executed by each platoon according to the above principles ; D2 41 42 PART 1. OP THE COMPANY. the captain and first lieutenant, as their respective platoons are formed, giving the words guide left. In marching by the left flank, these movements are exe- cuted by the same commands and according to the same principles, the words guide right being substituted for guide left, the moment the formation is ended. Marching by the front, to march by a flank. COMPANY, BY RIGHT (or LEFT) FLANK-MARCH. — The movement is executed in the manner prescribed in the squad drill. The company marching by a flank, may be marched by the front by the same commands and means. Marching in column by platoon, to march by the flank in the same direction. COLUMN. BY RIGHT FLANK— Each chief of pla- toon goes to its right to conduct it. BY FILE LEFT-MARCH.— At the word march, each platoon faces to the right in marching, wheels by file to the left and marches forward: the leading file of the second platoon unites with the rear-file of the first, the chief and guide of the second passing through the interval to their places as file-closers. With the left in front, the movement is executed by in- verse means, substituting in the commands left for right, and right for left. The captain conducts the left flank and the covering sergeant returns to his place in rear of the last file. To break from line into column by platoon (Fig. 5.) The company being at a halt. BY PLATOON, RIGHT WHEEL. The chiefs of pla- toon place themselves in front of their platoons ; the cover- ing sergeant replacing the captain in the front-rank. MARCH. — The right front-rank man of each platoon faces to the right, the covering sergeant standing fast ; the chief of each platoon moves a little beyond the point at which the marching flank will rest when the wheel is completed, faces to the late rear, and places himself so that the line which he forms with the man on the right, who has faced, shall be perpendicular to that occupied by the company in 42 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 43 line. Each platoon wheels according to the principles pre- scribed for the wheel on a fixed pivot, and when the man who conducts the marching flank, arrives within three paces of the perpendicular, the chief gives the words platoon halt. The covering sergeant, and the second sergeant then move to the point where the left of their respective platoons is to rest, and are aligned by their chiefs on the man of their re- spective platoons who had faced to the right. Each chief aligns his platoon by the left, giving the words left-dress, followed by front, and takes his place in column. To break by platoon to the left, is executed according to the same principles, and by inverse means. To march in column. The guide of the leading platoon takes two points on the ground in a straight line to the front. COLUMN FORWARD. GUIDE LEFT-MARCH— At the word march, the whole steps off together; the guide of the second platoon marching exactly in the trace of the guide of the first, and preserving between the latter and him- self a distance precisely equal to the front of his platoon. A column, left in front, is put in march according to the same principles, substituting in the commands guide right for GUIDE LEFT. To change direction, marching in column. Fig. 6, 7. A marker is placed on the direction of the guide, at the point at which the change is to take place, presenting his breast to that flank of the column. The leading guide directs his march, so that incoming up his left arm may graze the breast of the marker. When the leading platoon arrives within four paces of the marker, its chief gives the words left turn, and adds march, the mo- ment the left guide is opposite the marker. The guide and the platoon turn to the left, conforming to what is prescribed in the squad drill ; the guide, the moment he has turned, takes points on the ground in the new direction. The second platoon continues to march forward until up with the mark- er, when it turns by the same commands and according to the same principles which governed the first. To change direction to the side opposite the guide ; when 43 44 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. the guide of the first platoon is within four paces of the marker, its chief gives the words ri^ht-wheel, followed by march, the instant the guide is opposite the marker. The wheel being nearly ended the chief gives the word forward, and when completed march, when the platoon moves for- ward. The second platoon wheels on the same ground where the first had wheeled, and by the same commands from its chief. With the left in front, changes of direction are made ac- cording to the same principles and by inverse means. To halt the column, and wheel it into line. (Fig. 8.) COLUMN-HALT. — At the word halt, the column halts, and the guides stand fast : their position is next rectified, if necessary. LEFT-DRESS. — Each chief of platoon, placing himself two paces outside of his guide, directs the alignment of his platoon perpendicularly to the direction, gives the word front, and returns to his place in column. LEFT INTO LINE WHEEL-MARCH.— At the word march, the front-rank man on the left of each platoon, faces to the left, placing his breast against the arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast, and the platoons wheel to the left, on the principles of wheels from a halt. Each chief, when the marching flank of his platoon is three paces from the line, gives the words platoon, halt, and the chief of the second returns to his place as a file-closer. The captain then goes to the point where the right of the company will rest in line, and aligns the company by the right, giving the words right-dress, followed by front. GUIDES-POSTS. — The covering sergeant covers the captain, and the left guide retires to his place as a file-closer. If the left be in front, the wheel to the right into line, is executed on the same principles, and by inverse means ; the captain after halting the first platoon, goes to the left of the company to align if by the left, and shifts to his proper flank at the command guides-posts. To diminish and increase front of column in marching. Diminishing. (Fig. 9.) Marching in column, supposed by company. BREAK INTO PLATOON.— The first lieutenant passes 44 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 45 around the left to the centre of his platoon, and cautions it to mark-time. MARCH. — The first platoon continues to march forward ; the second platoon marks time until clear of the first, when its chief gives the words, right oblique-march, and adds fonvard-march the instant the guide of his platoon covers the guide of the first platoon ; the guide of the first having placed himself on the left of his platoon the instant that flank was disengaged. Increasing. (Fig. 10.) FORM COMPANY.— The captain cautions the first pla- toon to oblique to the right. MARCH. — The first platoon obliques to the right, (the covering sergeant shifting to the right flank,) and when it has nearly unmasked the second, the captain gives the words, mark-time, followed by march, the instant it completes the unmasking. The second platoon continues to move for- ward, and when nearly up with the first, the captain gives the word forward, followed by march, the instant the two platoons unite, when they move forward together. In column, left in front, these movements are executed according to the same principles and by inverse means. Diminishing and increasing front of column by files. Files are broken off from the directing flank only ; that is, from the left flank, if the right be in front, and from the right flank, if the left be in front. The company marching and supposed to constitute part of a column right in front, the captain, as a caution to that effect, gives the words, one file from left to rear, march, when the left file marks time, and as soon as the rear-rank of the company has passed the men of that file respectively, they take post as follows : the rear-rank man of the file, be- hind the second file from the left, and the front-rank man, behind the first file, and thus continue the march. If another file is to break off, the same command is given, when the file already broken off, moves the space of one file to the right, leaving room for the next file to break off, and forms in its rear. If several files are to break off at the same time, the files named mark time, each rank advances a little the left shoul- 4f> 46 PART I. OP THE COMPANY. der, as it is cleared by the rear-rank of the company, obliques in rank, and places itself behind one of the two nearest files, as already prescribed. To cause files in rear to form into line, the captain, as a caution to that effect, gives the words, onejile into line, march, when the front-file returns quickly into line, and the remain- ing files incline the space of one file to the left. If several files are to move up into line at the same time, the files designated advance the right shoulder, and move up and form on the flank of the company by the shortest lines. The guide of the directing flank shifts his position, so as to be always next, on that flank, to the front-rank man re- maining in line. The file-closers who had been posted be- hind the files broken off, march abreast of their respective files, as in other flank marches. To march in column of route, and to execute the movements incident thereto. The length of the route step is twenty-eight inches, and ninety in a minute. The company supposed to constitute part of a column at a halt. COLUMN FORWARD, GUIDE LEFT (or RIGHT) ROUTE STEP-MARCH.— At the word march, the ranks step off together ; the rear-rank takes, in marching, a dis- tance of one pace from the front-rank ; the men carry their arms at will, and are not required to keep silence >r to march in the cadenced step ; but the ranks are not to inter- mix, or to open at too great a distance. Change of direction is executed without formal commands, on a caution from the captain. The rear-rank changes direc- tion on the same ground on which the front-rank had changed ; the pivot man, on the reverse flank, taking steps of fourteen, instead of nine inches, to clear the wheeling point. To pass to closed ranks and the cadenced step. SHOULDER-ARMS. CLOSE ORDER -MARCH.- • At the word march, the rear-rank regains the habitual dis- tance, and resumes the cadenced pace. To resume the route step. ROUTE-STEP- MARCH. —At the word march, the company resumes the route march as above. 46 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 47 To march by a flank in the same direction. Arms arc first shouldered raid ranks closed as above, when COMPANY BY RIGHT (or LEFT) FLANK. BY FILE LEFT (or RIGHT) MARCH.— At the word march, the company faces in marching and wheels by file, in the direc- tion indicated. If any files are broken off to the rear, they regain their places by wheeling, and follow the movement of the company. Marching in the route step, to diminish and increase front by platoon. The same commands and means are observed, as if the march were in the cadenced step, except that in the platoon which obliques, each man half faces to the right or left, and thus marches diagonally till the platoon covers or unmasks the other platoon. To diminish front by section. The captain causes arms to be shouldered, ranks closed, and then gives the words, break into sections — march. The movement is executed according to the principles indicated for the same movement by platoon in the cadenced step. As soon as the sections are formed, the route step is resumed by the proper commands. To increase front by section. The captain causes arms to be shouldered, ranks closed, and then gives the words, form platoons, march. As soon as the platoons are formed, the route step is resumed by the proper commands. Files are broken ofF, and formed into line, according to the principles already prescribed, the ranks being first closed and arms shouldered. When a column, marching in the route step, halts, the rear-rank closes to its habitual distance at the word halt, and the whole shoulder-arms. Countermarch. (Fig. 11.) The company being at a halt, and supposed to constitute part of a column. COUNTERMARCH COMPANY BY RIGHT FLANK. RIGHT-FACE. — The company faces to the right, the two guides to the right-about : the captain goes to the right of his 47 48 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. company, causes two files to break to the rear, and places himself beside the leading front-rank man. BY FILE LEFT-MARCH.— At the word march, both guides stand fast ; the company steps off; the first file, con- ducted by the captain, wheels round the right guide, and directs its march along the front-rank, so as to arrive behind, and two paces from, the left guide ; each file wheels, in suc- cession, around the right guide ; when the leading file is op- posite the left guide, the captain gives the words, company, halt, front-face, right-dress, aligns the company on the two guides, and adds front: he then places himself before the centre of his company, and the two guides shift to their proper places, passing by the front-rank. A column by platoon is countermarched by the same com- mands and according to the same principles. With the left in front, the countermarch is executed by inverse commands and means, but according to the same principles ; the column facing to the left, and wheeling by file to the right, passing always by the front-rank. Marching in column by platoon, to form on right (or left) into line. (Fig. 12.) A marker is posted at a point where the right of the com- pany is to rest in line, presenting his left shoulder to that line. This point should be nine paces in advance of the first platoon after it has turned. ON RIGHT INTO LINE. GUIDE-RIGHT.— The guide of each platoon shifts to the right flank, and the men touch elbows to the right. When the head of the column is nearly opposite the marker, the chief of the first platoon gives the words, right-turn, and when exactly opposite, adds — march. The first platoon turns to the right, its guide so directing his march, as to bring the man next on his left opposite the marker. When this platoon is near the line, its chief gives the word platoon, followed by halt, when within three paces of the line. The platoon halts, and the files not yet in line come up. The guide throws himself on the line opposite the left file of his platoon, faces to and is aligned on the marker. The chief of the platoon then places himself where the right of the company is to rest, and aligns his platoon on the guide and marker, giving the words right-dress. The second platoon continues to march 43 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 49 forward, until its guide is opposite the left file of the first, when it turns to the right at the command of its chief, and is halted in the manner prescribed for the first : at the instant it halts, the guide throws himself on the line opposite its left file, and the chief giving the words right-dress, takes his place as file-closer, passing around the left. The cap- tain aligns the company and gives the word front, GUIDES-POSTS.— The two guides return to their places in line. With the left in front, the line is formed on the left accord- ing to the same principles but by inverse means ; the cap- tain after halting the first platoon proceeding to the left of the company to align it, and shifting to his proper flank at the words guides-posts. As often as a company or battalion, marching otherwise than at carried arms, halts, it carries arms at the word halt; this rule is general. MANUAL OF ARMS. For Sergeants. The sergeants, like the rank and file, will always, under arms, appear with bayonets fixed. All sergeants, including the sergeant-major and the quar- termaster sergeant, also corporals of the colour-guard, and all corporals not in the ranks and files, will carry and handle their arms as will herein be prescribed, for sergeants. Sergeants, in the manual of arms, will observe in all the times, the cadence prescribed for the rank and file. In the loadings and firings they will remain at the shoulder, or sup- port arms, according to the order which they may receive. Position of Shouldered Arms. The piece within the right arm, the barrel to the rear, erect, and resting against the hollow of the shoulder; the right arm nearly straight, the right hand embracing the cock and guard, and the left arm hanging by the side. PRESENT-ARMS.— 1st mo. With the right hand bring the piece erect, opposite to the centre of the body, the ram- mer to the front; at the same time seize the piece with the E 49 50 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. left hand above the lock, the little finger against the feather- spring, the thumb extended along the barrel and on the stock, the fore-arm resting on the body without constraint, and the hand at the height of the elbow. 2d mo. Correct the position of the right hand, so as to bring it under and against the guard, as in the case of the men. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Glide the left hand, on the piece, to the height of the shoulder, and with this hand bring the piece erect against the right shoulder ; embrace, with the right hand, the cock and guard, the right arm near- ly straight. 2d mo. Drop the left hand smartly by the side. ORDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Bring the left hand prompt- ly to the middle band ; detach the piece a little from the shoulder with the right hand ; quit the hold of the right hand ; lower the piece with the left, seizing it again with the right above the lower band, the thumb on the barrel, the four fin- gers extended on the stock, the piece erect, the butt about three inches from the ground, the toe (or beak) of the butt over its place, and drop the left hand by the side. 2d mo. Let the piece glide through the right hand, open- ing a little the thumb and fingers, so that the butt may come to the ground, without shock, its toe in a line with and against the toe of the right foot. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. With the right hand raise the piece perpendicularly, the hand to the height of the right breast opposite to the shoulder, but further out, and about two inches from the body, on which the right elbow will rest ; seize the piece with the left hand under the right ; drop the right hand, and with it embrace the cock and guard, supporting the piece against the left shoulder, the right arm nearly straight. 2d mo. Let the left hand fall smartly by the side. SUPPORT-ARMS.— 1 st mo. With the right hand bring the piece erect between the eyes, the rammer to the front ; seize the piece with the left hand at the lower band, raise this hand to the height of the chin, and grasp the piece at the same time about four inches below the lock with the right hand. 2d mo. With the right hand turn the piece, the barrel to the front, support it against the left shoulder, and bring the 50 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 51 left fore-arm between the cock and right hand, horizontally across the body, the cock resting on the left fore-arm, and the left hand on the right breast. 3d mo. Drop smartly the right hand by the side. SHOULDER- ARMS.— 1st mo. Seize the piece with the right hand, under and against the left fore-arm. 2d mo. Bring the piece erect with the right hand against the right shoulder, the rammer to the front ; seize it with the left hand at the height of the shoulder ; correct the posi- tion of the right hand at the same time so as to embrace the cock and guard, the right arm nearly straight. 3d mo. Drop smartly the left hand by the side. UNFIX-BAYONET.— 1st mo. Bring the left hand promptly to the middle band, detach a little the piece from the shoulder with the right hand. 2d mo. Lower the piece with the left hand, seize it with the right above the lower band ; rest the butt on the ground, letting the piece glide through the left hand ; bring the right hand immediately to the bayonet. 3d mo. Wrest off the bayonet and return it to the scab- bard ; next seize the piece with the right hand a little above the lower band ; drop the left hand at the same time by the side, and take the position of the soldier at ordered arms. SHOULDER-ARMS.— As from order-arms. FIX-BAYONET.— 1st and 2d mo. As those of unfix, bayonet, except that at the end of the second motion the right hand will be brought to seize the bayonet by the socket and shank, so that the socket may extend about an inch above the heel of the hand. 3d mo. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard with the right hand, carry and fix it on the muzzle ; next seize the piece with the right hand above the lower band, and drop smartly the left hand by the side. SHOULDER-ARMS.— As from order-arms. For Corporals. To pass from the shoulder, as private, to the shoulder as sergeant. SHOULDER- ARMS.— 1st mo. With the right hand seize the piece at the handle, turn it, the lock Jo the front, as in the first motion of present-arms. 2d mo. Carry the piece, with the right hand, erect against 51 52 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. the right shoulder, the rammer to the front, the right arm nearly straight, the right hand embracing the cock and guard ; seize the piece with the left hand at the height of the shoulder. 3d mo. Drop the left hand smartly by the side. For Corporals of the Colour-guard^ (or Sergeants.) CHARGE-BAYONET.— 1st mo. Raise the piece with the right hand, in half- facing to the right on the left heel, and bring the hollow of the right foot opposite to, and three inches from, the left heel. 2d mo. Drop the piece forward into the left hand, which will seize it a little above the lower band, the barrel up, the left elbow supported against the body ; with the right hand seize the handle below the guard, this hand supported against the hip, the point of the bayonet at the height of the eye. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. In facing to the "front, raise the piece with the left hand, bring it erect against the right shoulder, the rammer to the front ; with the right hand at the same time embrace the cock and guard. 2d mo. Quit hold with the left hand, and drop this hand by the side ; lengthen at the same time the right arm. For Corporals returning to the Ranks. SHOULDER-ARMS.— 1st mo. Detach the piece from the shoulder, bring it erect between the eyes, seize it with the left hand at the height of the neck ; grasp, with the right hand, the handle, this hand at the height of the elbow, the rammer to the front. 2d mo. Raise the piece with the right hand, the thumb extended on the counter-plate ; turn the barrel to the front ; support the piece against the left shoulder ; at the same time drop the left hand and place it under the butt. 3d mo. Drop the right hand smartly by the side. MANUAL OF THE SWORD OR SABRE FOR OFFICERS. Position of the Sicord or Sabre under Anns. The Carry. — The gripe in the right hand, which will be supported against the right hip, the back of the blade against the shoulder. 52 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 53 To Salute with the Sword or Sabre. 1st. At the distance of six paces from the person to be saluted, raise the sword or sabre perpendicularly, the point up, the flat of the blade opposite to the right eye, the guard at the height of the shoulder, the elbow supported on the body. 2d. Drop the point of the sword or sabre in extending the arm, so that the right hand may be brought to the side of the right thigh, and remain in that position until the person to whom the salute is rendered shall be passed, or shall have passed six paces. 3d. Raise the sword or sabre smartly, and resume the position first prescribed. COLOUR-SALUTE. In the ranks, the colour-bearer, whether at a halt or in march, will always carry the heel of the colour-lance sup- ported at the right hip, the right hand generally placed on the lance at the height of the shoulder, to hold it steady. When the colour has to render honors, the colour-bearer will salute as follows: At the distance of six paces, glide the right hand along the lance to the height of the eye ; lower the lance by straight- ening the arm to its full extent, the heel of the lance remain- ing at the hip, and bring back the lance to the habitual posi- tion when the person saluted shall be passed, or shall have passed six paces. INSTRUCTION FOR THE DRUM MAJOR (OR PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN.) In column in manoeuvre, the field music and band will march abreast with the left centre company on the reverse flank. In column in route, as well as in the passage of defiles to the front or in retreat, they will march at the head of their respective battalions. Beats of the Drum and Sounds of the Bugle. The number of beats of the drum for the assembly, pa- E2 &3 54 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. rade, and movements of the infantry, independent of mere police calls and the particular march of the regiment, is fixed at eighteen. These beats are : 1. The generale. 10. The disperse. 2. The assembly. 11. Drummer's call. 3. To the colour. 12. The roll. 4. The long roll. 13. First sergeant's call. 5. The troop. 14. Double quick march 6. Quick time. 15. Run. 7. The charging step. 16. Halt. 8. The reveille. 17. March in retreat. 9. The retreat. 18. Commence firing. The number of bugle sounds is fixed at twenty-three, ex- clusive of the particular march of each regiment. These sounds are : 1. The generale. 13. Double quick march. 2. The assembly. 14. Run. 3. To the colour. 15. Halt. 4. The troop. 16. Forward march. 5. Common time. 17. March in retreat. c 5 6. Quick time. 18. By the right flank "1 7. The charging s tep. march. 1 8. The reveille. 19. By the left flank > 1 9. The retreat. march. s 10. The disperse. 20. Commence firing. 11. Bugler's call. 21. Cease firing. 12. First sergeant's s call. 22. 23. Rally on the reserve. Rally on the battal- Signals of the Drum Major (or principal Musician) for the different beats. 1. The generale. 2. The assembly. Extend the right arm, seize the staff at the middle, and raise the pommel to the height of the chin. Extend the right arm, raise the staffabout a foot from the ground, and place the thumb on the pom- mel. 54 TAUT I. OP THE COMPANY. 55 3. To the colour. Raise the staff perpendicularly, the ferrule upwards, the arm ex- tended and at the height of the shoulder. 4. The long roll. Put the staff on the right shoulder, the ferrule to the rear. 5. The troop. Raise the arm, turn the wrist within, and place the staff hori- zontally across the body at the height of the chin. 6. Quick time. Project the ferrule of the staff di- rect and horizontally to the front. 7. The charging step. The same signal, with a brisk agi- tation of the staff. 10. The disperse. Raise the staff perpendicularly, the ferrule down, the arm extend- ed at the height of the shoulder. 12. The roll. Raise the staff in the left hand in the manner of the last signal. Signals for the movements of the Field Music and Band. 1st. To march by the right flank, take the staff at the middle and extend the arm to the right. 2d. To march by the left flank, make the same signal, extending the arm to the left. 3d. To diminish front, let the ferrule fall into the left hand, held as high as the eyes. 4th. To increase front, let the pommel of the staff fall into the left hand, held as high as the eyes. 5th. To change direction, turn half round to the drum- mers, and indicate to them, by a movement of the staff, to which side they are to wheel or turn. 6th. To oblique to the right, extend the right arm as high as the shoulder, holding the staff slantingly, and grasp the ferrule, the left hand as high as the hip. 7th. To oblique to the left, make the contrary signal ; the pommel of the staff will always indicate to which side the obliquing is to take place. To Ground Drums, fyc. 1 . To put up drumsticks. Grasp the staff under the pom- mel, and raise it as high as the eyes, extending the arm to the front. 55 56 PART I. OF THE COMPANY. 2. To unsling drums. 3. To ground drums. 1. To take up drums. 2. To suspend drums. 3. To draw out drumsticks. Draw the pommel to the breast. The same signal as for put- ting up drumsticks. ' Make the same signals with the staff as for putting up drumsticks, for detaching drums, and for grounding drums. Instruction for the Corporal of Pioneers. In column in manoeuvre, the pioneers will be on the re- verse flank, abreast with the right centre company. In route marches, as also in passing defiles to the front or rear, the pioneers will march six paces in front of the drum- mers. In route marches, all the pioneers of a general col- umn (column of several battalions) may be assembled at its head. Pioneers and drummers may be designated as markers, and used accordingly, in the manoeuvres and evolutions. 56 PART I. OF THE COMTANY. Fig. 1. n □ o d j a u □ □ . 2d Platoon. Fig. 2. IstPlatoon _J Fig. 3. Fig. 4. ^$ \ x -0^ o Fig 5. Fig. 7. Fig. 6. ■ilk v\V\\\VA ■"I 57 PART 1. OP THE COMPANY. Fig. 8. a a a a a a Fig. 9. i P a a f / / i r J / V a a a /Fig. 10 V J 1 Fig. 11 5) Fig. 12. 58 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. Formation of a Regiment, or Battalion, in order of battle. (Fig. 1.) — The regiment or battalion is supposed to con- sist of ten companies, to wit : one grenadier company, one light infantry or rifle company, and eight battalion compa- nies. The battalion companies are drawn up according to the rank of their captains, as follows :■ — 1st, 5th, 4th, 7th, 3d, 8th, 6th, 2d, and are designated from right to left, first com- pany, second company, third company, &c. The grenadier company is posted on the right of the bat- talion, and the light infantry or rifle company, on the left of the battalion. The two first companies on the right, whatever be their denomination, form the frst division : the next two compa- nies, the second division ; and so on to the left. The colour-bearer (a sergeant) and five corporals, as a colour-guard, are posted on the left of the right centre battal- ion company, of which they make a part. They are formed in two ranks, the colour-bearer in the front-rank, with a cor- poral on his right and left, and three corporals in the rear- covering. If there be two colours, then four corporals only will constitute the colour-guard. The colour-bearers will be in the front-rank, with a corporal between them, covered by three corporals in the rear. The colour-company and all on its right are denominated the right wing of the battalion ; the remaining companies, the left wing. The colonel takes post thirty paces in rear of the file- closers, opposite to the centre of the battalion ; the lieuten- ant-colonel and major opposite to the centres of the right and left wings respectively, and twelve paces in rear of the file-closers. The colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, are mounted. 59 60 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. The adjutant and sergeant-major are opposite to the right and left of the battalion respectively, and eight paces in rear of the file-closers ; they aid the lieutenant-colonel and ma- jor respectively in the manoeuvres. The quartermaster, surgeon, and assistant-surgeon, drawn up in one rank, from right to left, in the order they are named, are posted on the left of the colonel, three paces in his rear. The quartermaster sergeant is posted in a line with the front-rank of the field-music, and two paces on the right. The pioneers, with the corporal of pioneers on their right, are formed in two ranks and posted on the right of the gre- nadiers, their left four paces from the right of that company. The field-music is formed in two ranks, the drummers in the rear, and posted twelve paces in rear of the file-closers, the left opposite to the centre of the left centre company. The senior principal musician is two paces in front of the field-music, the other two paces in the rear. The band is formed in two ranks, and posted three paces in rear of the field-music. Two sergeants, one denominated the right general guide, the other the left general guide, axe posted in the line of file- closers, the first in the rear of the right, and the second in the rear of the left-flank of the battalion. For manoeuvring, the companies in each battalion are al- ways equalized. To open Ra?iks. PREPARE TO OPEN RANKS.— At this command, the lieutenant-colonel and major place themselves on the right of the battalion to direct the alignment. TO THE REAR OPEN ORDER.— The covering ser- geants, and the covering corporal step off smartly four paces to the rear opposite to their places in line, and are aligned by the lieutenant-colonel on the covering corporal who inverts his piece and holds it erect between his eyes. MARCH. — The rear-rank and file-closers step off to the rear in common time ; the rear-rank passes a little in rear of its new line, halts, dresses to the right, and is aligned by the covering sergeants, superintended by the lieutenant-colonel. The file-closers fall back two paces from the rear-rank, and" 60 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 61 are aligned by the major on the file-closer of the left, who inverts his piece and holds it erect between his eyes. FRONT. — The lieutenant-colonel and major return to their places in line. To close Ranks. CLOSE ORDER— MARCH.— At the word maech, the rear-rank closes to the front, each man covering his file leader. Manual of Arms. The ranks being closed, the manual of arms is executed in the following order : Present-arms, - - - Shoulder-arms, Order-arms, ... Shoulder-arms, Support-arms, - - - Carry-arms, Charge-bayonet, - - - Shoulder-arms. LOADINGS AT WILL AND THE FIRINGS. Loading at will is executed by the commands and in the manner prescribed in the squad-drill ; the officers and ser- geants in the ranks, half face to the right with the men, and face to the front when the men next to them cast about. The fire by company and by file, is always direct, that by battalion and by wing, is either direct or oblique ; in the latter case the commanding officer gives the caution right (or left) oblique, between the words ready and aim. The colour-guard is not to fire, but to reserve itself for the defence of the colour. The fire by Company. FIRE BY COMPANY.— At this command, the captains and the covering sergeants place themselves in the manner prescribed for this fire in the company drill. The colour and its guard step back so as to bring the front-rank of the guard on a line with the rear-rank ; these rules are general for all the different firings. COMMENCE FIRING.— At this command, the right company of each division begins the fire, their captains giv- ing the words (such) company, ready, aim, fire, load, F 61 62 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. The captains of the left companies of divisions, observe the same rule, each taking care not to give his first command, till he sees one or two pieces shouldered in the right com- pany of his division : the captains of the right companies of divisions, after the first discharge, observe the same rule \rith regard to the left companies. In order that the right companies of divisions may not all fire at once, their cap- tains, for the first discharge only, give the word fire, in suc- cession from right to left. The commanding officer causes the firing to cease by a short roll, when the captains and all the file-closers give the words cease firing ; the men complete the loading and come to the shoulder : the roll is followed by a tap of the drum, when the captains, covering sergeants, and the colour- guard resume their places in line. These rules are general for all the firings. The fire by Wing, FIRE BY WING. RIGHT (or LEFT)WING. \ The READY. AIM. FIRE. LOAD. \ wings fire alternately, care being taken to see that one or two pieces are shouldered in the wing that has just fired before giving the first command for the other. The fire by Battalion, This is executed by the commands : FIRE BY BAT- TALION. BATTALION— READY. AIM. FIRE. LOAD. The fire by File, FIRE BY FILE. BATTALION. > At the command, READY. COMMENCE FIRING. \ commence firing, the firing begins on the right of each company at the same time. To fire by the Rear-rank. FACE BY THE REAR-RANK.— The captains, cover- ing sergeants, and the file-closers, conform to what is pre- scribed in the company drill, under this head. The colour- bearer passes into the rear-rank, the corporal of his file step- ping before the corporal next on his own right, to let the colour-bearer pass, and then stepping in front of the colour- bearer to reform his file ; the closing sergeant and covering 62 PART I. OP THE BATTALION. 63 corporal change places; the lieutenant-colonel, adjutant, major, sergeant-major, field-music, and band, throw them- selves before the front-rank, each opposite to his place in line, the first two passing round the right, the others round the left of the battalion. BATTALION— ABOUT-FACE.— The battalion faces about, the captains placing themselves in their intervals in the rear-rank, now front, and their covering sergeants be- hind them in the front-rank, now rear. The different firings are executed by the same commands as if the battalion were faced by the front-rank. The right and left wings and companies, retain their former designa- tions. The fire by file, commences on the left, now right, of each company. The captains, covering sergeants, and colour-guard, on the first command, take the places pre- scribed for them in the fires, with the front-rank leading. To resume the proper Front. FACE BY THE FRONT-RANK. > The battalion re- BATTALION— ABOUT-FACE. \ turns to its proper front in the manner prescribed for the face by the rear- RANK. To stack and resume Arms. STACK-ARMS. — Arms are stacked in the manner pre- scribed in the squad-drill. BREAK-RANKS— MARCH— At the word march, the ranks disperse. To return the battalion to the ranks, a short roll is given, during which the battalion re-forms behind the stacks of arms. TAKE-ARMS. — This command is executed in the man- ner prescribed in the squad-drill. BATTALION.— At this word, the ranks fix their atten- tion and remain immoveable. Manner of determining a Line. The commanding officer having determined on the direc- tion of his line, and his points A B, sends out two officers C D, to seek two intermediate points in the same line ; the officer D advances, when C finds him in the direct line be- tween himself and the point A, he advances, taking care to 63 64 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. keep D always between himself and the point A, which he does by making him signals to advance or retire ; when D finds C in the direct line between himself and B, he makes him the signal to halt, and they will find themselves in the intermediate points, C D. k -J 1 -J — -1. i ID Movements. The following movements are arranged throughout as for eight companies, but they are applicable to ten companies. The movements are detailed as performed from the right ; the mode of doing them from the left is explained in each case. In the successive formations, (see No.'s 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, of movements from open column, No.'s 8, 9 and 10, from close column, and 1 and 2, from column doubled on the cen- tre,) each captain causes his company to support arms the moment the captain, who follows him, commandsjfrofrt. If the firing is to commence during the execution of the successive formations, the order to that effect is given to the captain whose company is first in line ; this captain places himself behind the centre, and as soon as the next captain commands front, he commences the fre by file. At the words fire by file, the marker nearest the company just formed, places himself before the nearest file of that compa- ny, and the other marker retires. The captain of this last company commences the fire as soon as the captain of the next following company commands front ; the marker re- tires, and the guide before the opposite flank places himself before the nearest file of the next company, and so on in con- tinuation. All the successive formations, except No. 8, from open column, may be formed by inversions, and they are executed 64 PART I. OP THE BATTALION. 65 according to the same principles as formation in direct or- der, the first command always being, by inversion. (See No. 5, from open column.) The battalion being in line by inversion, to bring it back to the direct order, it first breaks or ploys, by company or by division, according as the column may have been, by company or by division, before it was formed in line by in- version. When a battalion, in line by inversion, has to ploy into column, the movement is executed according to the same principles as if the line were in direct order ; but observing the following rules : — If the column is to be by company or division, with the first in front, the caution, left in front, is given in the command, because the battalion being in line by inversion, that subdivision is on the left. Each chief whose subdivision takes post in the column in front of the directing one, halts in his own person when up with the pre- ceding right guide, and sees his subdivision file past ; and every chief aligns his subdivision by the right. When the column is to be put in march, the command guide left, is given, because the proper right is in front. For the same reason, if the last subdivision is to be in front, the words right in front, are given in the command ; the divisions are aligned by the left ; and in putting the column in march, the words guide right, are given, because tjie proper left is in front. In the movements, each chief of subdivision, previous to the order of execution, steps in front of his subdivision and cau- tions it as to the particular movement it has to perform ; the covering sergeants always replace their captains in the front- rank. MOVEMENTS FROM LINE. Movement No. l,from Line. To break to the right into column. (Fig. 2.) BY COMPANY. } At the word march, each compa- RIGHT-WHEEL. V ny wheels to the right on a fixed QUICK-MARCH. ) pivot, the left guide placing himself on the marching flank to conduct it ; when that flank arrives within three paces of the point where it is to rest, the cap- tain commands (such) company-halt ; the left guide steps forward to the point where the left of the company is to rest, F2 65 66 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. and is aligned by the captain on the pivot man. Each cap- tain aligns his company by the left, giving the words left- dress, followed by front, and takes his place in column. Wheeling to the left into column, is performed according to the same principles, but by inverse means. Movement No. 2, from Line. (Fig. 3.) When the line breaks to the right, in order to march to the left, or the reverse, the command break to the eight TO MARCH TO THE LEFT, Or BREAK TO THE LEFT TO MARCH to the right, precedes the command by company-right (or left)-wheel. The company on that flank towards which the wheel is made, marches forward twice the extent of its front, while the others are wheeling, and there halts. The lieutenant-colonel places two markers, one abreast with the leading company, the other abreast with the next com- pany, near the directing guides. These two companies turn to the left (or right) the moment the column is put in march. Movement No. 3, from Line. To break to the rear into column. (Fig. 4.) BY THE RIGHT OF COMPANIES, ) The battalion TO THE REAR INTO COLUMN. V faces to the right, BATTALION— RIGHT-FACE. ) each captain goes to the right of his company, breaks two files to the rear, and places himself so that his breast shall touch the left arm of the front-rank man of the last file of the company on his right ; for this object the captain of the right company sup- poses a company to be on his right-, and dresses on the other captains. QUICK-MARCH. — Each company, conducted by the covering sergeant in front of the leading front-rank man, marches perpendicularly to the rear, each file wheeling on the same ground in succession. The captains stand fast, let their companies file past, and when the last file has wheel- ed, each captain gives the words (such) company-halt, front-face. The left guide then places himself so that his left arm may touch the captain's breast, and the captain adds left-dress, followed by front, and takes his place in column. To break to the rear by the left, the same command, sub- stituting left for right, and the same means are observed. 66 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 67 The captains shifting to the left of their companies and the left guides leading. Movement No 4, from Line. To ploy into close column, or mass. (Fig. 5.) This may be performed by company or by division. CLOSE COLUMN BY DIVISION, ON THIRD ) At DIVISION RIGHT IN FRONT, INTO CO- V the LUMN. BATTALION, INWARD-FACE. ) word face, the divisions on the right and left of the directing di- vision, which stands fast, face towards that division. Each chief of those on the right goes to the left of his division, causes files to break to the front and places himself by the side of his left guide, who is in front of the leading front-rank man. Each chief of those on the left of the directing divi- sion, goes to the right of his division, causes files to break to the rear, and places himself by the side of his right guide, who is in front of the leading front-rank man. QUICK-MARCH.— The chief of the directing division gives the words guide left, when its left guide places him- self on its left, and the file-closers advance one pace on the rear-rank. The other divisions, each conducted by its chief, step off together at the word, and the file-closers in- cline to the distance of one pace from the rear- rank. Each division enters the column parallelly to the directing division, to effect which those next to that division march by file, the one on its right, to the front, the one on its left, to the rear, each five paces before it turns to enter the column ; the other divisions march diagonally towards the points at which they are to enter the column. Each division that is to form in front of the directing division,- is conducted by its chief till its left guide is nearly up with the left guide of the directing division, the chief then gives the words: (such) division, halt, front-face, and the left guide faces to the rear and covers the preceeding guide at a distance of five paces ; the chief then adds left-dress, followed by front, and takes his place in column. Each chief of divisions which are to form in rear of the directing division, halts when he is up with the left guide of that division, lets his division file past, and when the last file has passed him, gives the words, (such) division, halt, front-face, when the left guide covers the preceding guide at a distance of five paces ; the 07 68 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. chief then adds left-dress, followed by front, and takes his place in column. The lieutenant-colonel rectifies the position of the guides in front, and the major, those in rear of the directing divi- sion. If the battalion is to ploy with the left in front, it will be so expressed in the command. The chief of the directing division gives the words guide-right the moment the move- ment begins, and the formation takes place according to the same principles but by inverse means. The battalion may ploy on any named division, with the right or left in front, according to the same principles. The guides who have faced about will face to the front at the words guides about— face, given by the commanding- officer, the moment the movement is complete. The battalion may be ployed into column at full or half distance, on the same principles, by substituting in the com- mands, COLUMN AT FULL (or HALF) DISTANCE, for CLOSE COLUMN. Movement No. 5, from Line. To ploy into column doubled on the centre. (Fig. 6.) DOUBLE COLUMN, ) The two centre AT HALF DISTANCE. V companies (fourth BATTALION, INWARD-FACE. ) and fifth) stand fast, the remaining companies face towards the centre. Each captain whose company has faced, causes two files at the head of his company to break to the rear ; the left guide of each right company, and the right guide of each left compa- ny places himself at the head of the front-rank, the captain by his side. QUICK-MARCH.— The two centre companies stand fast, their chief places himself before the centre, and gives the words guide-right. The remaining companies, conducted by their captains, enter the column at company distance, each behind the one preceding in the same wing, the corre- sponding companies of the two wings uniting ; that is, the third company unites with the sixth, the second with the seventh, and the first with the eighth. An instant before the union, the left guides of the right companies pass into the rank of file-closers, and when the head of the companies arrive opposite the centre of the directing division, each cap- TAKT I. OF THE BATTALION. 69 tain gives the words (such) company, halt, front-face ; the senior captain of each division then adds right-dress, fol- lowed by front, and takes his place in column. The divisions thus formed, are denominated first, second, third, fourth, beginning at the front. The lieutenant-colonel in rear assures the right guides of the right companies on the direction, as they successively ar- rive. The double column, closed in mass, may be formed ac- cording to the same principles, by substituting in the com- mand, CLOSED IN MASS, for that Of AT HALF DISTANCE. Movement No. 6, from Line. Changes of Front. (Fig. 7.) Before the caution is given for a change of front, the base company is established on the new line, and two markers are placed in front of that company opposite the right and left files ; the markers face to the right, if the company be- long to the right wing ; and to the left, if it belong to the left wing. If the change is to be made on the fifth company, left wing forward, that company serves as the base, and the moment it is established the fourth company is faced about, wheeled to the right, halted, and faced to the front, its right guide steps out on the line at the point where its right is to rest and covers the markers, and the captain of the fifth steps into the rear-rank to give place to the captain of the fourth, who aligns his company by the left. If the change is to be made on the fourth company, right wing forward, the line is established by inverse means, the fourth company serves as the base and the fifth is aligned upon it. In these central changes, both the central companies are established before the caution is given. CHANGE FRONT ON FIFTH COMPANY, ^ At the LEFT WING FORWARD. RIGHT WING, | word ABOUT-FACE. BY COMPANY, RIGHT \ face, HALF WHEEL. QUICK-MARCH. FOR- I the WARD-MARCH. GUIDE-RIGHT. J com- panies of the right wing face about, their captains behind the rank now in rear : the companies of both wings half- wheel to the right, and the moment they have sufficiently wheeled, the words forward-march are given, when they move forward in echellon towards the new line, dressing by 69 70 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. the right. Each company of the right wing, as it approaches the new line, turns to the right, and when it has passed the line three paces, its captain gives the words (such) company, halt, about-face ; its right guide throws himself on the line opposite the right file and covers the preceding guides, and the captain placing himself on the right of the preced- ing company, gives the words left-dress, followed by front. Each company of the left wing, on approaching the line, turns to the right, and when within three paces of the line, its captain gives the words (such) company, halt ; its left guide throws himself on the line opposite the left file and covers the preceding guides, and the captain placing himself on the left of the preceding company, gives the words right— dress. GUIDES-POSTS.— The captains and guides take their places in line, and the markers retire. In central changes, the lieutenant-colonel rectifies the po- sition of the guides of the right wing, the major those of the left ; in other cases, the lieutenant-colonel alone rectifies the position of the guides, always placing himself on their rear as they successively arrive on the line. If the change of front is to be made forward on the right or left company, the command is given, change front for- ward ON FIRST (01* EIGHTH) COMPANY. BY COMPANY, RIGHT (or left) half wheel. quick-march, forward-march, guide-right (or left,) and the movement is executed ac- cording to the principles prescribed above for the companies of the left wing. , If the change of front is to be made to the rear on either of the flank companies, the command is given, change FRONT TO THE REAR ON FIRST (or EIGHTH) COMPANY. BAT- TALION ABOUT FACE. BY COMPANY, LEFT (or RIGHT) HALF WHEEL. QUICK-MARCH. FORWARD-MARCH. GUIDE-LEFT (or right,) and the movement is executed according to the principles prescribed above for the companies of the right wing. Movement No. 7, from Line. To march by a flank. BATTALION BY THE RIGHT (or LEFT) > The in- FLANK. RIGHT (or LEFT)-FACE. $ stant the battalion faces, the captains step out of the front-rank, and 70 PART 1. OP THE BATTALION. 71 are replaced by their covering sergeants. If the face be to the right, the captains place themselves on the left of their covering sergeants, and the closing sergeant, in like man- ner places himself on the left of the covering corporal, who steps into the front-rank. If the face be to the left, each captain goes to the left of his company, and places himself on the right of the covering sergeant of the company pre- ceding his own ; the captain of the left company, on the right of the closing sergeant, who is now in the front-rank, the covering corporal in the rank of file-closers. BATTALION FORWARD. QUICK-MARCH— At the word march, the whole step off together, the sergeant of the leading file giving the direction. If it be necessary to change direction in marching, a mar- ker is established at the point of change, and the command- ing officer gives the words : by file, vight (or left,) and adds march, the instant the leading file is abreast of the marker. Each file wheels in succession on the same ground. If it be intended to halt and front the battalion, the com- manding officer gives the words : battalion, halt — front— face. The instant the battalion faces to the front, the cap- tains and covering sergeants resume their places in line and the former rectify the alignment. If the battalion, marching by the right flank, is to forfh on the right by file, two markers are placed in advance, at points where the right and left of the leading company are to rest, presenting their right shoulders to the line : the com- manding officer then gives the words : on right bv file into line, and adds march, the instant the leading file is opposite the first marker. The movement is executed in the manner prescribed for this formation in the company drill. Each company forms on the left of the one which precedes it. The left guide of each company, except the leading one, places himself on the direction of the markers, and opposite to the left file of his company, the moment this file arrives on the line. The movement ended, the commanding officer gives the words GUIDES— POSTS. The lieutenant-colonel, in succession assures the direc- tion of the guides. If the march be by the left flank, this movement is exe- 71 72 PART I. OP THE BATTALION. cuted according to the same principles, and by inverse means. Movement No. 8, from Line. To advance in line. (Fig 8.) The commanding officer places himself forty paces in rear of the colour-file, facing to the front : the lieutenant-colonel a like distance in front of the same file, facing to the rear, and is established perpendicularly to the line by the commanding officer, who then throws himself twenty paces further to the rear and establishes two markers on the prolongation of the line passing through the colour-bearer and the lieutenant- colonel : the first marker twenty-five paces in rear of the battalion ; the second, the same distance from the first, both facing to the rear. The colour-bearer takes two points on the ground in the direction of the lieutenant-colonel, the first point, twentv paces in advance. BATTALION-FORWARD.— At the word forward, the front-rank of the colour-guard advances six paces, and is re-placed by its rear-rank ; the two general guides also ad- vance abreast with the colour-bearer, opposite the right and left flanks of the battalion. The captains of the left wing shift to the left of their companies, the covering sergeant of the company next on the left of the colour-company, step- ping into the front-rank, and the closing sergeant replacing the covering corporal, who steps into the rank of file-closers. The lieutenant-colonel having assured the colour-bearer on the line between himself and the corporal of the colour-file, places himself fifteen paces on the right of the captain of the colour-company, to maintain this captain, and the next one beyond him, abreast with the three centre corporals. The major places himself eight paces on either flank of the colour- rank. QUICK-MARCH.— At the word march, the battalion steps off with life: the colour-bearer is charged with the step and the direction, the corporals on his right and left, and the general guides maintain themselves abreast with him, and march in the same step ; the centre corporal of the co- lour-guard, in the front-rank, marches in the trace of the colour-bearer. The captains of the colour-company, and the company next on the left, with the three corporals in the centre of the front-rank, constitute the basis of alignment for both wings of the battalion ; the other captains maintain 72 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 73 themselves on the prolongation of this basis. The men march with the head and shoulders square to the front, feel lightly the elbow towards the centre, and resist pressure from the flanks, holding themselves always slightly behind the line of captains. If opening or crowding of files occur, or any disorder ensue, the remedy will be applied as prompt- ly, and as gently as possible. Pending the march, the line, determined by the two mar- kers, is prolonged by placing, in proportion as the battalion advances, a third marker behind the first ; then the second marker quits his place and throws himself behind the third ; the first marker, in his turn, does the like in respect to the second, and so on in succession as long as the battalion con- tinues to advance, each taking care to face to the rear and to cover accurately. A staff-officer, or the sergeant-major, placed twenty paces behind the marker nearest the battalion, assures the markers on the direction, and cautions each when to shift his place. The major throws himself, from time to time, twenty paces in front of the colour-bearer, faces to the rear and covers the markers behind the centre, in order to rectify, if necessary, the direction of the colour-bearer, who, in such case, takes new points on the ground between himself and the major. Movement No. 9, from Line. To halt the battalion and to align it. BATTALION-HALT. COLOUR > At the word AND GENERAL GUIDES-POSTS. $ halt, the battal- ion halts. At the word posts, the colour-bearer and the general guides take their places in line ; the captains of the left wing shift to the right of their companies ; the colour- guard falls back into the rear- rank, and the closing sergeant and covering corporal return to their places. CAPTAINS-RECTIFY THE ALIGNMENTS.— The captains cast an eye towards the centre, align themselves under the direction of the lieutenant-colonel, and promptly dress their companies. Movement No. 10, from Line. To retire in line. FACE TO THE REAR. > At the words about- BATTALION, ABOUT-FACE. \ face, the battalion G 73 74 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. faces about, the colour-bearer passes into the rear-rank now leading, the corpora] of his file stepping behind the corporal on his right, to let the colour-bearer pass, and then placing himself in his rear, to reform the colour-file. The com- manding officer places himself behind the front-rank, now rear, and the lieutenant-colonel and major before the rear- rank, now front. The same dispositions are then made as for the advance in line, except that the markers, who were then in rear, are now in front facing the battalion, the first twenty-five paces from the lieutenant-colonel. BATTALION-FORWARD.— The colour-bearer and the corporal on his right and left, advance eight paces and are replaced by the next rank of the guard : the general guides move out abreast with the colour-rank, the covering ser- geants place themselves in the line of file-closers, and the captains in the rear- rank, now front; the three file-closers nearest the colour, unite in rear of the colour-rank, to serve as a basis of alignment for the line of file-closers ; the cap- tains of the left wing, now right, shift to the left, now right, of their companies. QUICK-MARCH. — The battalion retires in line on the same principles which governed the advance in line ; the file-closer behind the colour-bearer, marches exactly in hi3 trace, and the colour-bearer directs himself on the markers. The lieutenant-colonel, on the outside of the file-closers of the colour-company, maintains the three file-closers of the basis of alignment, in a square with the line of direction ; the other file-closers keep themselves aligned on this basis. Movement No. 11, from Line. To halt the battalion and face it to the front BATTALION-HALT. ) At the words aboft- FACE TO THE FRONT. } FACE,the colour-rank, BATTALION, ABOUT-FACE. ) general guides, cap- tains, and covering sergeants, retake their habitual places in in line ; the colour-bearer goes into the front-rank, and the battalion is aligned as in No. 9. Movement No. 12, from Line. Passage of obstacles. (Figs. 9, 10.) If the obstacle should be presented before the third com- 74 TART I. OF THE BATTALION. 75 pany, while the battalion is advancing, it will be passed as follows : THIRD COMPANY, OBSTACLE.— The captain of this company steps out and gives the words, third company, by the left flank, to the rear into column-march, and hastens to its left. At the word march, the company faces to the left in marching, the two left files disengage to the rear, and the company, quickening the step, is conducted by the left guide, at the head of the front-rank, parallelly to, and in rear of the fourth company ; the captain of the third, halts opposite to the captain of the fourth, lets his company file past, and when its right file is up with him, faces his com- pany to the right, and causes it to move forward, giving the words, third company, by the right-flank march — guide right, and placing himself before its centre ; when the com- pany is at wheeling distance from the fourth, the captain gives the words, to the step, at which it takes the step of the battalion^ and preserves its distance, its right guide following in the trace of the captain of the fourth. The left guide of the second company places himself on the left of the front-rank of his company as soon as the third faces to the left, and maintains between himself and the right of the fourth company, the space necessary for the return of the third. The obstacle being passed, the company returns into line as follows : THIRD COMPANY, > The captain adds, by FORWARD INTO LINE. \ company, right half- wheel, march ; the company quickening its step, makes a half-wheel to the right, and when sufficiently wheeled, the captain gives the words forward-march — guide-left ; the company marches straight forward towards the line, and enters it by a turn to the left; as soon as it is in line, its captain, placing himself on its right, gives the words, to the step, and the company takes the step from the colour-bearer. Should the obstacle cover the front of several contiguous companies (the three right for example,) it will be passed as follows: THREE RIGHT COMPANIES, OBSTA- ) Atthe word CLE. BY THE LEFT FLANK, TO V march, each THE REAR INTO COLUMN-MARCH. ) of the desig- nated companies faces to the left, disengages files to the rear, 75 76 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. and executes the movement in the manner prescribed for the third, each forming in rear of the one which precedes it, and as soon as it has its wheeling distance, taking the step of the battalion. The obstacle being passed, these companies return into line as follows : THREE RIGHT COMPANIES. ) At the words, FORWARD INTO LINE— MARCH. \ into line, the captain of each of these companies adds, by company, right half-wheel. At the word maech, each company conforms itself to what has been prescribed for the third company. If the companies of the left wing are to pass an obstacle, they execute the movement according to the same principles and by inverse means. In retiring in line, these movements are executed on the same principles as if the battalion were advancing. If, when advancing in line, it become necessary to halt the battalion in order to retire, and there be companies in column in its rear, these companies face about with the bat- talion, precede it in march, and take their places in line by the oblique step, as they clear the obstacles. When the colour-company is to pass an obstacle, the co- lour-rank returns into line the moment the company faces to the right or left : the major places himself six paces before the extremity of the company behind which the colour-com- pany marches, in order to give the step and the direction : he himself, first taking the step from the battalion. As soon as the colour-company returns into line, the front- rank of the colour-guard throws itself out six paces in front of the battalion and takes the step from the major, who throws himself twenty or thirty paces in front of the colour- bearer, faces the battalion, and is established on the perpen- dicular by the commanding officer, placed behind the centre ; the colour-bearer then takes points on the ground between himself and the major. If the obstacle cover several companies of the centre, each of these companies files into column behind that, still in line, and of the same wing which may be nearest to it. Movement No. 13, from Line. To pass a defile in retreat. (Fig. 11, 12.) If a battalion, retiring in line encounter a defile, it is im- 70 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 77 mediately halted and faced to the front. If the defile be in rear of the left-flank, and its width sufficient to admit a co- lumn by platoon, a marker is placed fifteen or twenty paces in rear of the file-closers, at the point around which the sub- divisions are to change direction, in order to enter the defile. TO THE REAR, BY THE RIGHT ) The captain oC FLANK, PASS THE DEFILE. \ the right company adds (such) company, by the right fank, right-face — quick — inarch. At the word face, this company faces to the right ; at the word march, its leading file wheels to the right, marches to the rear four paces beyond the file-closers, wheels again to the right, and marches forward towards the left flank ; the remaining files of this company wheel in suc- cession at the same point where the first had wheeled. The next company from the right, executes in its turn, the same movement by the commands of its captain, who gives the word march, so that his first file, wheeling on its ground, may immediately follow the last file of the first company. The following companies, each in its turn, execute what is prescribed for the second. When the whole of the second company is on the direc- tion with the first, the captain of the first causes his com- pany to form by platoon into line, and the guide of the first platoon directs himself on the marker. The other companies, each in succession, the moment the one in its rear is wholly on the direction, forms by platoon into line, in the manner prescribed for the first. The first platoon of the leading company, when opposite the marker, turns to the left, and the following platoons ex- ecute the same movement, at the same point. As the last companies will not be able to form platoons before reaching the defile, they so direct themselves, in entering it, as to leave room to the left for this movement. As the platoons of each company clear the defile, compa- nies are successively formed. A defile in rear of the right flank is passed by the left flank, the movement being executed according to the same principles and by inverse means. If the defile be too narrow to receive the front of a pla- toon, it is passed by a flank. G2 77 78 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. MOVEMENTS FROM OPEN COLUMN. Movement No. \,from Open Column, To march in column. COLUMN-FORWARD. \ At the words guide-left, GUIDE LEFT-MARCH. \ the leading guide takes two points on the ground in the direction to be marched. At the word march, the whole step off together, the leading guide marching on the points he has chosen, and taking new points as he advances ; the following guides preserve both step and distance, each marching in the trace of the guide who im- mediately precedes him. The lieutenant-colonel marches abreast with the leading guide, and assures him in the direction ; the major is abreast with the last subdivision, and sees that each guide marches in the trace of the one immediately preceding. With the left in front the same commands and means are observed, substituting the words guide-right for guide- left. A close column, or a column at half distance, may be put in march by the same commands and means. Movement No. 2, from Open Colvmn. To change direction in marching. (Fig. 13.) A marker is placed on the side of the directing guide, at the point at which the change is to take place, presenting his breast to that flank of the column ; he remains in posi tion till the last subdivision has passed. HEAD OF COLUMN, \ Each chief causes his TO THE LEFT (or RIGHT.) \ subdivision to change direction, the moment it arrives opposite the marker, in the , manner prescribed in the company drill. The major sees that the guides direct themselves on the marker, so as to graze his breast. A column at half distance changes direction by the same commands and means, except that in the change of direction to the reverse flank, the pivot of each subdivision takes steps of fourteen inches, instead of nine, in order to clear in time the wheeling point, and the marching flank describes the arc of a larger circle, in order to facilitate the movement. Movement No. 3, from Open Column. To halt the column. COLUMN-HALT.— At the word halt, the column halts 78 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 79 Movement No. l,from Open Column. To form to the left into line. The column being at a halt, the guides on the directing flank are directed to cover, each at a distance equal to the front of his company. LEFT-DRESS.— Each captain goes to the left of his company, aligns it on the left guide, and gives the word front. LEFT INTO LINE-WHEEL.— The right guide of the leading company throws himself on the line of the left guides, opposite to where the right of his company is to rest, faces to those guides, and is assured in position by the lieu- tenant-colonel. QUICK-MARCH. — Each company wheels to the left on a fixed pivot, the pivot man facing so as to present his breast against the arm of the left guide, who stands fast ; when the marching flank is within three paces of the line, each cap- tain gives the words, (such) company-halt; places himself where the right of his company is to rest, and adds right- dress, followed by front. GUIDES-POSTS.— The guides pass to their places in line through the nearest captain's interval. With the left in front, the line is formed to the right, ac- cording to the same principles ; the left guide of the left com- pany places himself on the direction of the right guide, as prescribed above for the right guide of the right company, and the captains align their companies by the left. At the words guides-posts, the captains, as well as the guides, take their places in line. A column at half distance may form line in the same manner, first taking wheeling distance. Movement No. 5, from Open Column. To form line to the right by inversion. BY INVERSION, ^ At the words guide- RIGHT INTO LINE-WHEEL. I right, the left guide BATTALION GUIDE RIGHT, f of the leading com- QUICK-MARCH. J pany places himself on the direction of the right guides. At the word march, the companies wheel to the right, and are aligned by the left according to the principles prescribed in the last number. 79 80 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. The lieutenant-colonel in front assures the guides on the direction. With the left in front, the column forms line to the left by inversion, according to the same principles. Movement No. 6, from Open Column. To form on right into line. (Fig. 14.) This is performed from the march. Two markers are established in advance by the lieutenant-colonel, at points where the right and, left files of the leading company will rest in line ; these markers are placed so as to present the right shoulder to the battalion when formed. ON RIGHT INTO LINE. BAT- > When the lead- TALION, GUIDE-RIGHT. \ ing company is up with the first marker it turns to the right, receiving from its captain the words right turn, march, followed by (such) company, halt when within three paces of the marker, the covering sergeant then takes his place in the rear-rank, the left guide retires as file-closer, and the captain, placing him- self at the point where the right of his company is to rest, gives the words right-dress, aligns his company on the markers and adds front. Each of the other companies continues to march straight forward until opposite the left flank of the one which precedes it, when it turns to the right and forms on the line in the manner prescribed for the first ; the left guide, the instant his company halts, places himself on the line opposite the left file, and covers the preceding guide. The line being formed, the commanding officer gives the words guides-posts, and the guides and markers retire. The lieutenant-colonel placing himself in rear of the guides, as they successively arrive on the line, assures them on the direction. With the left in front, the line is formed on the left accord- ing to the same principles ; the captains go to the left of their companies to align them, and at the words guides-posts take their places in line. A column at half distance, may form line in the same manner. Movement No. 7, from Open Column. To form to the front into line. (Fig. 15.) The column being halted, two markers are established by 80 PART I. OF THE KATTALION. 81 the lieutenant-colonel at company distance in front of the leading company, and at points where the right and left files of that company are to rest ; these markers are placed so as to present the right shoulder to the battalion when formed. FORWARD INTO LINE.— The captain of the leading company puts his company in march, giving the words guide-right, halts it three paces from the markers, and aligns it against them by the right, the left guide taking his place as file-closer. BY COMPANY, LEFT HALF-WHEEL. ) There. QUICK-MARCH. FORWARD-MARCH. V maining GUIDE-RIGHT. ) companies make a half-wheel to the left, and the moment they have sufficiently wheeled, the words forward march, are given, when they move forward in echellon towards the line, dress- ing by the right. Each company, on approaching the line, turns to the right on a caution from its captain, and when within three paces of the line, the captain gives the words (such) company halt ; the left guide then throws himself on the line opposite to the left file, facing the preceding guide, and the captain, placing himself on the left of the pre- ceding company, gives the words right-dress, followed by front. The line being formed, the commanding officer gives the words guides-posts, when the guides and markers retire. The lieutenant-colonel conforms himself to what is pre- scribed in the last number. With the left in front, the line is formed according to the same principles and by inverse means. Movement No. 8, from Open Column. To form line faced to the rear. (Fig. 16.) The column is halted, and the markers are established as in the last number. INTO LINE, FACED TO THE REAR.— At this com- mand, the captain of the leading company faces his company to the right, puts it in march and directs the leading file to- wards the left marker ; the leading file passes in rear of this marker, three paces beyond the line, wheels to the left, and when opposite the right marker, the captain halts his company and aligns it by the right on the two markers. 81 82 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. BATTALION, RIGHT-FACE. > The remaining com- QUICK-MARCH. $ panies face to the right, and at the word march, move off, each, conducted by its chief, towards the point where its left is to rest ; this point being marked by the left guide, who precedes his company on the line by fifteen paces and faces towards the markers. Each captain directs his company in rear of his left guide, passes the line three paces, wheels by file to the left, and when the leading file arrives near the left of the preceding company, gives the words (such) company, halt, front-face ; he then places himself on the left of the preceding company, and adds right-dress, followed by front. The line being formed, the commanding officer gives the words guides-posts, when the guides and markers retire. The lieutenant-colonel conforms himself to what is pre- scribed in No. 6. With the left in front, the movement is executed accord- ing to the same principles and by inverse means. A column at half distance, may form line in the same manner. Movement No. 9, from Open Column. To form line by two movements. Should a column, arriving behind the line, and prolonging itself on that line, be halted before all the companies have entered the new direction, it will form line as follows : It is here supposed that the column has been halted just as the fifth company has entered the new direction, and that there are eight companies in the column ; the guides of the first five companies are assured on the direction. LEFT INTO LINE WHEEL, THREE ) At the words REAR COMPANIES FORWARD IN- } forward into TO LINE. QUICK-MARCH. ) lixe, the chief of each of the rear companies, gives the words by company, left half wheel. At the word march, the first five compa- nies form to the left into line, and the three last, forward into line, by means already prescribed : each captain of the three rear companies, when his company has sufficiently wheeled, gives the words, forward-march, guide-right. Movement No. 10, from Open Column. If, instead of arriving behind, the column arrive before the line, the formation will be made as follows : 82 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 83 LEFT INTO LINE WHEEL, 1 At the command, THREE REAR COMPANIES, I faced to the rear, INTO LINE FACED TO THE [ the captain of each REAR. QUICK-MARCH. J of the rear compa- nies gives the words (such) company, right-face. At the word march, the first five companies form to the left into line, and the three last, into line faced to the rear, by means already prescribed. With the left in front, these movements are executed ac- cording to the same principles and by inverse means. Movement No. 11, from Open Column. To form close column- Marching in column by company to close on leading com- pany. COLUMN, CLOSE IN MASS > At the word march, QUICK-MARCH. \ the captain of the lead- ing company halts his company and aligns it by the left, the file-closers closing one pace upon the rear-rank. All the other companies continue to march, and as each in succes- sion arrives at the distance of five paces from the one pre- ceding, its captain halts it, and its left guide places himself on the direction of the guides who precede ; the captain there aligns his company by the left, and the file-closers close one pace upon the rear-rank. The lieutenant-colonel, in front of the leading guide, as- sures the position of the guides as they successively place themselves on the direction. The major follows the move- ment abreast with the last guide. Movement No. 12, from Open Column. (Fig. 17.) The column by company being at a halt, to close on the rear company. ON EIGHTH COMPANY, ^j At the word COLUMN CLOSE IN MASS. face, all the BATTALION, ABOUT-FACE. j> companies, ex- COLUMN FORWARD, cept the desig- GUIDE RIGHT. QUICK-MARCH. J nated one, face about, their guides remaining in the front-rank, now rear. At the words guide-right, all the captains place themselves two paces outside of their companies, on the directing flank. 83 84 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. At the word march, the designated company stands fast, and its captain aligns it by the left. The other companies step off at the word march, and as each arrives at the dis- tance of five paces from the one before it, its captain halts it, and faces it to the front ; at the instant of halting, its left guide places himself on the direction of the guides already established, and the captain aligns his company by the left, the file-closers closing one pace upon the rear-rank. GUIDES, ABOUT-FACE.— The guides who are faced to the rear, face to the front. The lieutenant-colonel, in rear of the guide of the desig- nated company, assures the position of the guides as they come up ; the major is abreast of the rearmost company. A column by division is closed in mass by the same com- mands and means. A column by company or division, at full distance, may be closed to half distance, by the same means and commands, substituting to half distance, close column, for column close in mass. Each subdivision halts at platoon distance from the subdivision immediately preceding. With the left in front, these two last movements are exe- cuted according to the same principles. Movement No. 13, from Open Column. Countermarch. COUNTERMARCH. > At the word BATTALION, RIGHT-FACE. V face, all the BY FILE LEFT. QUICK-MARCH. ) companies face to the right, and the movement is executed in the manner prescribed in the company drill. With the left in front, the countermarch is executed by the same commands, substituting left for right, and right for left, and by inverse means, the companies facing to the left and wheeling by file to the right. A column at half distance is countermarched in the same manner and by the same commands. Column in Route. This column, like a column in manoeuvre, ought never to have a depth greater than the front it occupied in line, less the front of a subdivision. It is put in march, or, being in march, takes the route step, and passes from the route to the -4 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 85 cadenccd step, by the command prescribed in the company drill. It is habitually formed by company, but it may be broken into platoons or sections, according to the width of the defile ; this may be done by all the companies at once, or by each in succession, before entering the defile. In like manner, files may be broken off, or subdivisions may be suc- cessively marched b> a flank in double or single file. Each company, as soon as the breadth of the way per- mits, is formed into column by section, by platoon, or by company, by commands of the captains. In marching by a flank in double or single file, where the pass is so narrow as to oblige it to defile with a front of two men, or man by man, the captain and leading guide precede the leading file of such company, and the file-closers pass between the files corresponding with their usual positions ; the whole follow closely and without loss of time. In pass- ing from double to single file, the rear-rank man of each file covers his front-rank man. If the head of the column encounter an obstacle which may oblige it to relax its march, all the following subdivi- sions preserve the habitual step, and close up in mass, if necessary, on the subdivision nearest to the obstacle, in order not to increase the usual depth of the column. Distances are afterwards recovered as each subdivision has successive- ly passed the obstacle. If this cannot be done without run- ning, the leading subdivision is halted beyond the obstacle, at a distance sufficient to contain the whole column closed in mass, until the rear subdivision has closed ; the column is then put in march, and the subdivisions take their proper distances. The commanding officer, at the head of the column, regu- lates the step of the leading subdivision, and indicates to its chief, the time for executing the various movements which the nature of the route may render necessary. MOVEMENTS FROM CLOSE COLUMN. Movement No. \,from Close Column. To form open column by the head. BY THE HEAD OF COLUMN, > At this command TAKE WHEELING DISTANCE. \ the captain of the leading company puts it in march. The instant the second H 85 80 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. company has its wheeling distance from the first, its captain puts it in march, and so with the other companies in succes- sion. The lieutenant-colonel, at the head of the column, directs the march of the leading guide ; the major is abreast with the rearmost guide. Movement No. 2, from Close Column. To form open column on the rear. Two markers are established on the direction to be given to the line, the first opposite to the rearmost company, the second towards the head of the column, at company distance from the first, both facing to the rear; the right general guide places himself on the prolongation of these markers, a little beyond the point at which the head of the column will extend. ON EIGHTH COMPANY, ") At the words guide TAKE WHEELING DISTANCE. I -left, the captains COLUMN, FORWARD. f place themselves GUIDE-LEFT. QUICK-MARCH. J two paces outside of the directing flank. At the word march, the designated company stands fast ; its captain aligns it by the left on the first marker, and gives the word front, when the marker, replaced by the left guide, retires, and the captain takes his place in column. All the other companies step or7 at the word march, the guide of the leading one directing himself a little within the right general guide ; when the company next the rearmost one arrives opposite the second marker, its captain halts and aligns it on that marker, in the manner prescribed for the rearmost company. As each of the other companies arrives at wheeling distance from the one in its rear, its captain halts and aligns it on the left guide, who, at the instant of halting, places himself on the direction facing to the rear. The movement ended, the commanding officer gives the words, guides, about-face, when they face to the front. The lieutenant-colonel successively assures the guides on the direction, placing himself in their rear ; the major, at the head of the column, directs the march of the leading guide. Movement No. 3, from Close Column. To form open column on the head. (Fig. 18.) Two markers are placed in the manner just prescribed, 86 PART I. OP THE BATTALION. 87 one abreast with the leading company, the other at company distance in rear of the first, both faced to the rear ; the left general guide places himself on the prolongation of the markers, a little beyond the point at which the rear of the column will extend. ON FIRST COMPANY, TAKE WHEEL- ") All the ING DISTANCE. BATTALION, ABOUT- I compa- FACE. COLUMN, FORWARD, GUIDE- fnies, ex- RIGHT. QUICK-MARCH. J cept the designated one, face about, the guides remaining in the front- rank, now rear. At the words guide-right, the captains throw themselves outside of their guides. At the word march, the designated company is aligned by the left, as in he last number ; the other companies are put in march, and as each arrives at wheeling distance from the one in its rear, it is halted, faced about, and aligned by the left. The lieutenant-colonel and major, conform themselves to what is prescribed in the last number. With the left in front, these movements are executed according to the same principles. To take half distance, the word half is substi- tuted for wheeling, in the command. A column at half distance takes wheeling distance in the same manner. Dis- I tances are taken according to the same principles, in a co- ■i lumn by division. Movement No. 4, from Close Column. To change direction in marching. (Fig. 19.) .j The change is made to either flank, on the principles of wheeling in marching. A marker is placed at the point of change, and the battalion takes the guide on the flank oppo- site to the intended change ; as soon as the direct march is . j resumed, and the last subdivision is in direction, the battal- ion takes the guide on its proper flank, the commanding offi- cer giving the words, guide-left (or right.) BATTALION, RIGHT WHEEL-MARCH.— The lead- ing division wheels to the right, the pivot-flank taking steps of fourteen inches, and the marching flank conforming to the movement of the pivot, by describing the arc of a large circle. The other divisions at the same time, conform to the movement of the first ; the left guide of each advancing slightly the left shoulder, and lengthening a little the step obliques to the left, and gains so much ground to the front 87 88 x ART I. OF THE BATTALION. that there may constantly be an interval of three paces be- tween his division and that which precedes it ; as soon as he covers the preceding guide, he ceases to oblique, and marches exactly in his trace. Each division conforms itself to the movement of its guide. The lieutenant-colonel regulates the march of the leading guide, and the major, in rear, regulates the march of the fol- lowing guides. FORWARD-MARCH.— The leading division resumes the direct march ; the others conform to its movement. Movement No. 5, from Close Column. To change direction from a halt. (Fig. 20.) This is executed by the flank of subdivisions. Two mark- ers are placed on the new direction, at points where the right and left flanks of the leading subdivisions are to rest. CHANGE DIRECTION BY THE ) At the word RIGHT FLANK. BATTALION, V face, the column RIGHT-FACE. QUICK-MARCH. ) faces to the right and each chief of the subdivision places himself by the side of his leading guide. At the word march, all the subdivi- sions step off together ; the leading guide of the first, directs himself from the first step, parallelly to the markers ; its chief stands fast, lets his subdivision file past him, and as soon as the last file has passed, halts it, faces it to the front, and aligns it by the left on the two markers. Each of the following subdivisions, enters the column parallelly to, and three paces from, the subdivision which precedes it ; the chief, on arriving at the point where the left of his subdivi- sion is to rest, halts, lets it file past him, and when the last file has passed, halts it, faces it to the front, (the left guide placing himself on the direction,) and aligns it by the left. In changing direction by the left flank, the same means are observed, substituting in the commands the word left for right. Each chief conducts his subdivision until the leading file arrives at the point where it is to rest, when the subdivision is halted and aligned as already prescribed. The lieutenant-colonel in front, assures the guides as they successively arrive on the direction ; the major follows abreast with the last subdivision. 88 PART I. OP THE BATTALION. 89 Movement No. 6, from Close Column, Countermarch. (Fig. 21.) COUNTERMARCH. BATTALION, > At the word RIGHT AND LEFT-FACE. $ face, the odd divisions, counting from the head of the column, face to the right, the even divisions, to the left; the right and left guides of all divisions face about : each chief goes to the head of his division, breaks two files to the rear, and places himself by the side of his leading front-rank man. BY FILE LEFT AND > At the word march, each RIGHT. QUICK-MARCH. \ division conducted by its chief, steps off, the guides standing fast ; each odd divi- sion wheels by file to the left around its right guide ; each even division wheels by file to the right around its left guide, each division so directing its march as to arrive behind its opposite guide, and when its head is up with this guide, the chief halts the division, faces it to the front, and aligns it by the right, the chiefs of the even divisions shifting to the right for that purpose. As each division is aligned, its chief gives the word front, and the guides shift to their proper flanks. A column left in front, is countermarched by the same commands and means, except that the divisions are aligned by the left. The movement ended, the lieutenant-colonel places him- self abreast with the leading ; and the major abreast with the rearmost division. A close column by company is countermarched by the same means and commands. Movement No. 7, from Close Column. To form divisions from close column of companies. (Fig. 22.) FORM DIVISIONS. LEFT > The left companies COMPANIES, LEFT-FACE. $ face to the left, and their captains place themselves by the side of their left guides. The right companies stand fast, the right and left guides of each place themselves before the right and left files of their re- spective companies, the guides facing so as to rest the right arm against the breast of the front-rank man of the file. QUICK-MARCH.— The left companies only are put in mareh, their captains standing fast ; each captain as the left H2 89 90 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. file of his company has cleared the right company, gives the words : (such) company halt, front-face, and places himself on the left of the right company of his division ; the left guide at the same time places himself before the left file of his company, faces to the right and covers the guides of the right company ; the captain then gives the words, right- dress, and aligns his company on the left guide, which being done, he adds front, and remains in his position. GUIDES-POSTS.— The captains and guides take their places in column, the left guide of each right company pass- ing through the interval in the centre of the division. A column at full or half distance, forms division in the same manner ; but the captains of the left companies, after commanding frojit-f ace, give the words: company, forward, guide -right-march, followed by halt, right-dress. If the left be in front, these movements are executed by inverse means ; the right companies conform themselves to what is prescribed above for the left companies, and the guides in front of the left companies face to the left. Movement No. 8, from Close Column. To deploy on the first division. (Fig. 23.) The column being at a halt, the lieutenant-colonel estab- lishes three markers, three paces in front of the leading divi- sion, one opposite the right and left files of that division, and one opposite the left file of the right company : these mark- ers face to the right; the left general guide covers these markers, at a point a little beyond where the left of the bat- talion is to rest. ON FIRST DIVISION ) At the word face, DEPLOY COLUMN. V the three last divisions BATTALION, LEFT-FACE. ) face to the left, and the chief of each places himself by the side of its left guide. QUICK-MARCH.— At the word march, the chief of the first division goes to its right and gives the words right- dress ; the division is aligned on the markers, each captain aligning the company on his left and giving the word front. The other divisions march parallelly to the line ; the chief of the second stands fast, sees his division file past him, and the instant its right guide is abreast with him, halts his divi- sion and faces it to the front, giving the words second divi- sion halt, front-face : the left guides of both companies then 90 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 91 step out and cover the markers, each opposite to the left file of his company, and the chief placing himself on the left of the first division, gives the words right— dress, when the divi- sion is aligned in the manner indicated for the first. The instant the second division is halted, the chief of the third halts in his own person, sees his division file past him, and when its right guide is abreast with him, halts his division and faces it to the front in the manner indicated for the second, he then gives the words forward, guide— right, march, fol- lowed by halt when his division is within three paces of the line: the division is then aligned in the manner indicated for the second. The chief of the fourth division conforms him- self to what is prescribed for the third. The movement ended, the commanding officer gives the words guides-posts, when the captains and guides take their places in line and the markers retire. The lieutenant-colonel conforms himself to what is prescrib- ed No. 13, in movements from open column. The major follows abreast with the last division. Movement No. 9, from Close Column. To deploy on the fourth division, (fra 24.) The markers are established as indicated in the last num- ber, facing to the left, the central marker opposite the right file of the left company, and the right general guide covers them at a point a little beyond where the right of the batta- lion is to rest. ON FOURTH DIVISION ") At the word face, the DEPLOY COLUMN. BAT- I first three divisions face TALION, RIGHT-FACE. f to the right and the chief QUICK-MARCH. J of each places himsel f by the side of his right guide. At the word march, these divi- sions step off, the guide of the first directing himself, three paces within the line marked by the general guide. The chief of the third stands fast, sees his division file past him, halts it when its left guide is abreast with him, and faces it to the front. The chief of the fourth, the moment his division is unmasked, causes it to advance, giving the words fourth division, forward, guide-left, march ; when this division is three paces from the marker, its chief halts it and gives the words left-dress ; each captain aligns the company on his right and gives the word front. The instant the third divi- 92 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. sion is unmasked, its chief causes it to approach the line, and halts it in the manner prescribed for the fourth : the moment it halts, its right guide, and the covering sergeant of its left company, place themselves on the line opposite the right files of their respective companies, and cover the markers ; the division is then aligned in the manner prescribed for the fourth. The second and first divisions are in succession halted and aligned by the left in the same manner as the third, their chiefs giving the words left— dress the moment their divisions face to the front and the guides are on the line. The movement ended, the commanding officer gives the words guides-posts, when the captains and guides take their places in line and the markers retire. The lieutenant-colonel conforms himself to what is pre- scribed in the last number. The major follows abreast with the last division. If the left be in front these deployments are made accord- ing to the same principles, and by inverse means. Movement No. 10, from Close Column* To deploy on an intermediate division. The line is first traced by the means already indicated, both the general guides throwing themselves out in the man- ner above prescribed. ON— DIVISION, DEPLOY COLUMN. ) Whether the BATTALION, OUTWARD-FACE. \ right or left be QUICK-MARCH. ) in front, the divisions, which, in line, belong to the right of the directing division, face to the right, those which belong to the left of that division, face to the left; the divisions in front of the directing division, deploy by the means indicated in No. 9 ; those in its rear, deploy as prescribed No. 8. The directing division, the moment it is unmasked, approaches the line, taking the guide left or right, according as the right or left is in front. The chief of this division aligns it by the di- recting flank, and then steps into the rear-rank, to give place to the chief of the next division for aligning his division. At the words guides-posts, all the captains take the right of their companies. The lieutenant-colonel assures the positions of the guides 92 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 93 on the right of the directing division ; the major, those on the left. A column at half distance, may ploy into line by one of" the means here prescribed, the column first closing in mass. A column by company may be ployed in the same man- ner as a column by division. MOVEMENTS FROM COLUMN DOUBLED ON THE CENTRE. Movement No. 1. To form line to the front. (Fig. 25.) The line is first traced in the manner prescribed in the last number. DEPLOY COLUMN. BAT- ) The column is de- TALION, OUTWARD-FACE. V ployed on the two com- QUICK-MARCH. > panies at its head, ac- cording to the principles prescribed for deployment of close columns. The captains of these companies, each, at the word march, places himself on the right of his own com- pany and aligns it by the right ; the captain of the fourth stepping into the rear-rank the moment he aligns his com- pany, to give place to the captain of the third to align his company by the left. The deployment ended, the command is given guides- tosts. Movement No. 2, To form line to the right (Fig. 26.) RIGHT INTO LINE WHEEL, LEFT COM- ) At the PANIES ON RIGHT INTO LINE. BATTA- V words LION, GUIDE-RIGHT. QUICK-MARCH. ) guide- right, the left guide of the fourth company, places himself on the line at the point where the left of his company will rest, and covers the right guides. At the word march, the right companies wheel to the right into line, and the left companies move forward and form on right into line, in the manner prescribed in No. 5, from open column. The column may form line to the left according to the same principles. Dispositions against Cavalry. The battalion is first formed into column by division, at 93 94 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. half (or company) distance ; or into column, doubled on the centre, at half distance. (Fig. 27.) The commands for forming into column with a view to the square, are always preceded by the caution, to form SQUARE. The moment the column is formed, the file-closers of the fourth division, passing by the outer flanks of their compa- nies, throw themselves two paces before the front-rank op- posite to their respective places in line, and face towards the head of the column. The music, formed in one rank, place themselves at platoon distance, behind the inner platoons ot the second division, and the pioneers behind the colour-guard. The lieutenant-colonel and major are abreast with the lead- ing division, the former on the left, and the latter on the right flank of the column. The column may now be put in march, or it may form square, as follows : (Fig. 28.) FORM SQUARE.— The lieutenant-colonel, facing to the left guides, and the major, facing to the right guides, align them from the front, on the respective guides of the fourth division, who stand fast, holding up their pieces inverted, perpendicularly ; the right guides, in placing themselves on the direction, take their exact distances. RIGHT AND LEFT INTO LINE WHEEL — The chief of the first division cautions it to stand fast ; all the captains of the second and third divisions throw themselves before the centres of their respective companies, and caution them that they are to wheel, the right companies to the right, and the left companies to the left, into line. The colour- bearer steps back into the line of file-closers, opposite to his place in line, and is replaced by the corporal of his file. The chief of the fourth division gives the words, fovrtk di- vision, forward, guide left, and places himself two paces outside of its left flank. QUICK-MARCH.— The first division stands fast, but its right file faces to the right, and its left file to the left. The companies of the second and third divisions wheel to the right and left into line, and the music advances a space equal to the front of a company. The fourth division closes up to form the square, and when closed, its chief halts it, faces it about, and aligns it by the rear-rank ; the junior captain passes into the rear-rank, now front, and is covered by the 94' PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 95 covering sergeant of the left company, in the front-rank, now rear ; the file-closers close up a pace on the front-rank, and the outer file of each flank of the division face outwards. GUIDES-POSTS.— The chiefs of the first and fourth divisions, as well as the guides, enter the square. The cap- tains whose companies have formed to the right into line, remain on the left of their companies, covered by their left guides in the rear-rank ; the covering sergeant of each of these companies places himself as a file-closer behind the right file of his company. The field *and staff enter the square, the lieutenant-colonel placing himself behind the left, and the major behind the right of the first division. If the battalion present ten instead of eight companies, the fourth division makes the same movements prescribed above for the second and third divisions, and the fifth, the move- ments prescribed for the fourth. The fronts of the square are designated as follows : the first division is always the first front ; the last division the fourth front ; the right companies of the other divisions, the second front ; and the left companies of the same divisions the third front. These designations are always maintained, whether the column shall have been with the left or right in front. Each front is commanded by the lieutenant-colonel, the major, or its senior captain. The commander of each front places himself four paces in its rear, and if a captain, he is replaced momentarily in command of his company, by the next in rank therein. In a simple column, left in front, the square is formed ac- cording to the same principles and by inverse means. If the square is to advance, the movement is performed as follows : (Figs. 29, 30.) FORM COLUMN.— The commander of the first front adds, first division, forward, guide left ; the commander of the fourth front cautions it to stand fast ; the commander of the second front causes it to face to the left, and then gives the words, by company, by file left ; the commander of the third front causes it to face to the right, and then gives the words, by company, by file right. At the moment the se- cond and third fronts face to the left and right, each captain in them causes the two headmost files of his company to break to the rear. QUICK-MARCH.— The first front marches forward; its 95 96 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. chief halts it when it shall have advanced a space equal to half its front, and aligns it by the left. The corresponding companies of the second and third fronts wheel by file to the left and right, and march to meet each other behind the centre of the first division, and the moment they unite, the chief of each division halts it, faces it to the front, and aligns it by the left. The commander of the fourth front causes it to face about ; its file-closers remaining before the front-rank. The column may now be put in march. If the square is to be reformed, the column is first halted, and the square is reformed in the manner already prescribed. If the square is to march in retreat, the column is formed as above, and as soon as formed the command is given : (Fig. 31.) TO MARCH IN RETREAT. > At the words face FACE BY THE REAR-RANK. ] by the rear-kaxk, the file-closers of the interior divisions throw themselves, passing by the outer flanks of their respective companies, behind the front-rank opposite to their places, in line ; the file-closers of the other divisions stand fast. BATTALION, ABOUT-FACE.— The battalion faces about; each chief of division throws himself before its rear- rank, become front, passing through the interval between its two companies ; the guides step into the rear-rank, now front. The column may now be put in march ; or it may form square, as if it were faced by the front-rank, its fronts pre- serving the same designations as when faced by the front- rank. (Fig. 32.) The battalion being in square by the rear-rank, may march in retreat, or in advance, by reforming column according to the principles already prescribed, the fourth, instead of the first front marching forward. If the column, thus reformed, is to continue the march in retreat, it remains faced by the rear-rank ; but if it is to advance, it faces to the front by the commands, to march in advance, face by the froist- RANK. BATTALION, ABOUT-FACE. To reduce the square. REDUCE SQUARE. > This is executed in the manner QUICK-MARCH. $ prescribed for forming column from square ; but the file-closers of the fourth front throw 9fi PART I. OF THE BATTALION. 97 themselves behind the rear-rank the moment it faces about, and the field and staff, the colour-bearer, pioneers, and mu- sic, return to their places in column. A column by company may also form square in the man- ner prescribed for a column by division. The leading and rearmost companies conform themselves to what is prescribed for divisions in those positions. The other companies form by platoons to the right and left into line ; each chief of pla- toon, after halting it, places himself on the line, as if the platoon were a company, and is covered by the guide in the rear-rank. A battalion in column at full distance, having to form square, always closes on the leading subdivision ; and a column closed in mass, always for the same purpose, takes distances by the head. When a battalion is ployed, with a view to the square, it should always be in the rear of the right or left division, in order that it may be able to commence firing pending the execution of the movement. The double column affords this advantage, and being more promptly formed than any other, is to be preferred. In firing in square, the colour-guard will fire like the men of the company of which it forms a part. Rules for manoeuvring by the rear-rank. The battalion being by the front-rank, to cause it to ma- noeuvre by the rear-rank, the command is given, face by THE REAR-RANK BATTALION. ABOUT-FACE. If the battalion be deployed, this movement is executed as prescribed for the fire by the rear-rank. If the battalion be in column by company, or by platoon, right, or left in front, the chiefs of subdivision, in taking their new places in column, each passes by the left flank of his subdivision, and the file-closers by the right flank ; the guides place themselves in the rear-rank. If the column be formed by division, the chiefs of division, each passes by the interval in the centre of his division, and the file-closers by the outer flanks of their respective compa- nies ; the junior captain in each division steps into the rear- rank, and is covered in the front-rank by the covering ser- geant of the left company. I 97 98 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. The lieutenant-colonel is abreast with the leading subdi vision, and the major abreast with the rearmost one. The battalion being faced by the rear- rank, the companies, divisions, and wings, preserve their prior denominations re- spectively. The manoeuvres by the rear-rank are executed by the same commands and on the same principles as if the battalion faced by the front-rank ; but in such manner that when the battalion shall be brought to its proper front, all the subdivi- sions may find themselves in their regular order from right to left. According to this principle, when a column, formed by the rear-rank, is deployed, the subdivisions which, in line by the front-rank, ought to find themselves on the right of the subdivision on which the deployment is made, face to the left; and those which ought to be placed on its left, face to the right. When a battalion in line, faced by the rear-rank, is to be ployed into column, the words left, or right in front, are announced in the commands, according as it may be intend- ed, that the first or last subdivision shall be at the head of the column, because the first subdivision is on the left, and the last on the right of the battalion faced by the rear-rank. The column by the rear-rank takes the guide to the right, if the first division be in front, and to the left in the reverse case. A column, faced by the rear-rank, is brought to its proper front by the commands, face by the front-rank. Bat- talion, about-face, which are executed in the manner prescribed for facing by the rear-rank. If the column be formed by company or by platoon, the chiefs of subdivision, in order to take their new places in column, pass by the left of subdivisions, now right, and the file-closers by the right, now left. 98 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. n &~* ~ *> — <--- n * ■s — 1-- I! a] A Colonel, a Lieut. Colonel. a Major. b Qr. Master, c Adjutant. <£ SergL Major. x Field Music. ,k / Band. «|? Colour and guard ^ Pioneers. ^ Right genl. guide. / / Fig. 16. Fia. 17. I v Fig. 18. 104 PART I. OF THE BATTALION- Fig. 19. Fig. 20. m lis Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. • <-<.«- 105 PART I. OF THE BATTALION. Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Fig. 56. -.. N -- jf Fig. 27 """'"' E3 C ^ D3 ° """ ■ran ODD eon cos rig oca z ■ a t - - Fig. 29 r r i " — < Fig. 29. t j Fig. 30. ono ooa DCD ana n in sea 106 TART I. OF THE BATTALION. Fig. 31. too a a a □ a a i a a a=. caa an o n D . V f a n J~Z "?o a a B c a o a on CO = D a a 31 Fig. 32. 1 1 sir w jH~ L i : A : > 8 A s > 107 LIGHT INFANTRY AND RIFLE. A SUPPLEMENT TO PART I. OF THE COMPANY. Deployments. A company may be deployed as skirmishers, either for- ward, or by the flank. It is deployed forward, when it is behind the line on which it is to be established ; and by the flank when already on that line. In both cases it is divided into three platoons ; the right and left platoons, denominated respectively, first and second platoons, form the line of skirmishers ; the centre platoon, the reserve. A company may be deployed, as skirmishers, on its left, on its right, or on its centre file. A line of skirmishers ought, as far as possible, to be align- ed ; but to obtain this regularity, advantages which the ground may present for covering the men, ought not to be neglected. The intervals between files of skirmishers depend on the extent of ground to be covered ; but they should not exceed ten, or, at most, fifteen paces. The front to be occupied to cover a battalion, comprehends the front of the battalion and half of each interval on the right and left of the battalion. 1st. To deploy forward. (Fig. 1.) The company being at a halt, to deploy it forward on the left file, the captain, previously to givmg the order, indicates to the left guide the point towards which he is to direct him- self, and cautions the centre platoon that is to form the re- serve. Deploy as skirmishers. — The first and second lieutenants throw themselves respectively on the right and left flanks of the company ; the third sergeant places himself two paces in front of the centre of the company, to move forward on a line with the skirmishers between the platoons ; the third K 109 110 LIGHT INFANTRY. lieutenant takes command of the centre platoon, two paces behind the centre of the file-closers, and cautions it to stand fast. On the left file, at ten paces, take intervals. Quick (or double quick) march. — At the word march, the first and se- cond platoons put themselves in movement j_ the left guide conducts the left file towards the indicated point ; the other files, throwing forward the left shoulder, advance in double quick time, or in a run, (according as the order is, quick or double quick,) diagonally to the front and to the right, in order to gain to the right the space of ten paces, which ought to separate each file from that next on its left ; when the se- cond file, counting from the left, arrives abreast with the first, it conforms itself to the direction of the latter, takes the quick step, holds itself steadily at ten paces from the first, and on the same alignment ; the third file, and all the others towards the right, as they successively arrive on the alignment, conform themselves to what is prescribed for the second ; the right guide arrives with the last file ; the first and second lieutenants, at the commencement, throw them- selves behind the centres of the right and left platoons re- spectively, and direct their movements. When the left guide arrives at the point where the left of the line is to rest, the captain halts the skirmishers ; each centre-rank man immediately places himself two paces on the left of his file-leader ; the files which are not yet in line promptly come into it, taking the prescribed intervals, and aligning themselves by the left. The line being formed, the first and second sergeants throw themselves behind the first two files at the right and left re- spectively, and the third sergeant at a like distance behind the centre of the line. The first and second lieutenants promptly rectify any ir- regularity committed in the taking of intervals ; they then throw themselves twenty or thirty paces behind the centres of their respective platoons. Each of these officers has with him two men taken from his platoon before the commence- ment of the movement. The fourth and fifth sergeants, and the second bugler or drummer, remain with the reserve ; the fourth sergeant on its left flank, the fifth as file-closer. At the beginning of the deployment, the third lieutenant 110 OP THE COMPANY. Ill marches the reserve, by the shortest line, to about a hundred and forty paces behind the centre of the line of skirmishers, halts, faces it to the front, and maintains it steadily at that distance; the reserve conforms itself to all the movements of the line. The captain gives a general superintendence to the whole deployment, and then throws himself about seventy paces in rear of the line, taking with him the first bugler or drummer, and two or three men from the reserve. The deployment may be made on the right or centre of the company according to the same principles and by the same commands, substituting right-file or centre-file, for left-file : if on the centre file, the right file of the second platoon closes upon the third sergeant in marching, and all the other files to the right and left, take their intervals from the centre. On whatever file, the right, left, or centre, the deploy- ment may be made, the rear-rank men place themselves to the left of their respective file-leaders at the moment of form- ing the line. 2d. To deploy by the flank. To deploy the company from a halt, on the left file, the captain, previously to giving the caution, indicates to the right guide the point on which to direct himself. Deploy as Skirmishers. — The first and second lieuten- ants and the third sergeant conform themselves to what is prescribed under this command in the preceding case ; the third lieutenant in rear of the centre platoon, cautions it to face about. By the right flank, at ten paces, > The centre platoon take intervals. ) faces about, and its chief marches it to the point which it is to occupy as the re- serve, halts and faces it to the skirmishers ; the other pla- toons face to the right, the left file of the second standing fast ; the first and second lieutenants, each places himself by the left file of his platoon ; the right guide on the left of the right file to conduct it. Quick (or Double-Quick)-March. — At the word march, given the instant the centre platoon has cleared the line, the first, platoon stands fast until joined by the second, when the lieutenant of the former gives the words, (such) 111 112 LIGHT INFANTRY. platoon, forward, quick (or double-quick) march ; in the mean time the second platoon commences the movement ; its left file stands fast ; the next file halts at the distance of ten paces from the first, the third at the same distance from the second, and so on to the right file of the first platoon. As each file halts in succession it faces to the enemy, and each rear-rank man places himself two paces on the left of his file-leader. The captain and first and second lieutenants conform themselves to what is prescribed in the first case. The deployment on the right file is executed on the same principles, substituting in the command, left for right. (Fig. 2.) To deploy on the centre, the captain, previously to giving the caution, causes the centre platoon to march to- wards its position as the reserve, closes the intervals between the remaining platoons, and indicates to the two guides the direction in which each ought to march. Deploy as Skirmishers, by the right and } The right left Flanks, on the Centre, take In- > file of the tervals. y second pla- toon stands fast; the first platoon faces to the right, the se- cond to the left ; the right and left guides place themselves by the side of the leading files of their respective platoons to conduct them. Quick (or Double-Quick)-March. — The two platoons march in opposite directions ; the file next on the right, and the file next on the left of the centre file, each halts at ten paces from this file, and all the other files halt each at the same distance from the file next in its rear. The officers conform themselves to what is prescribed in the first case. Any interior file, other than that on the right of the second platoon, may be designated as the directing file ; in which case the third sergeant places himself on the right of the designated file, and the deployment is executed in the man- ner just prescribed. 3d. To extend intervals. The line of skirmishers being at a halt, intervals are ex- tended to the left as follows : (Fig. 3.) 112 OF THE COMPANY. 113 By the left flank, five (or ) paces,} The num- Extend internals. Quick (or Double- > ber of paces quick)-March. } designated, will be understood as so many paces in addition to the then intervals. The right file stands fast, the others face to the left, and extend in the manner prescribed in the second case. The line being in march to the front, will be extended by the right as follows : On the left Jile five (or ) paces, ex- } The left tend intervals* Quick (or Double- > file con- quick)— March. ) tinues to march on the point of direction, all the others extend inter- vals in the manner prescribed in the first case. Intervals may be extended by the right flank, by the right and left flanks at once, and also on the right file according to the principles just given. (Fig. 3.) If, in extending intervals, the object be to make one company occupy a line as skirmishers, which had been occupied by two, the files of the retiring company throw themselves successively to the rear, and form company in close order, in proportion as they are replaced on the line. 4th. To close intervals. The line of skirmishers being at a halt, will close on the left as follows : (Figs. 4 & 5.) By the left flank, five (or ) paces, } The left Close intervals. Quick (or Double- > file stands quick)-March. } fast ; the others face to the left, close on that file the number of paces prescribed, and face to the right as each halts. The number of paces named in the command, denote the number of paces less than the then intervals. The line being in march to the front, will close on the left file as follows : On the left file, five (or ) paces, Close } The left intervals. Quick (or Double-quick)- > file con- March. y tinues to march on the point of direction ; the other files, each throws forward the right shoulder, assumes the double-quick step or run, according as the command is quick or double-quick and inclines to the left until its interval is reduced the pre- scribed number of paces. K2 113 114 LIGIIT INFANTRY. Intervals are closed by the right flank, and on the right or centre file, according to the principles just given. (Figs. 4 & 5.) When intervals are reduced in order to receive a reinforcement of skirmishers, that is, for example, to cover the same extent of ground with two companies which had been covered by one, the new company is so de- ployed as to finish the movement at about twenty paces be- hind the line which it will have to occupy, and its files suc- cessively throw themselves on that line in proportion as they are unmasked by the files of the old company. The re- serves of the two companies unite behind the centre of the line. 5th. To relieve a company deployed as skirmishers. (Figs. 6 & 7.) When a company so deployed, is to be relieved, the captain is advised of the intention, and commu- nicates it to the first and second lieutenants. The new company executes its deployment forward so as to finish the movement at about twenty paces in rear of the line. Arrived at this distance, the files of the new com- pany by command of their captain, throw themselves a few paces beyond the old line and halt ; the new line being es- tablished, the old company assembles on its reserve. If the skirmishers to be relieved are marching in retreat, the company thrown out to relieve them, deploys by the flank, as prescribed in the second case. The old skirmishers continue to retire with order, and after having passed the new line, they rally on their reserve. To march in advance. When a company, deployed as skirmishers, marches in line, the guide is habitually in the centre ; if it be intended that the directing guide shall be on the flank, the words guide- left (or right) will precede the word march. Whether the skirmishers march in line, or by a flank, the first and second lieutenants, and in case of need, the sergeants repeat, with the greatest rapidity, all the commands for the movement. Skirmishers forward. — The three sergeants throw them- selves on the line, the first on the right, the second on the left, and the third in the centre : the chief of the reserve gives the words, platoon forward, guide left. 114 OP THE COMPANY. 115 Quick (or double-quiclc) march. — At the word march, the line and the reserve step off; the guide charged with the direction, marches on the point indicated to him : the skir- mishers hold themselves aligned on this guide, and preserve their intervals towards him. The first and second lieuten- ants, each directs the movements of his platoon, holding him- self behind its centre. To halt the skirmishers advancing. Skirmishers-Halt. — At the word halt, the line and the reserve halt ; the first and second lieutenants, if necessary, promptly rectify the alignment and intervals, and then take their places, as also the three sergeants. To march in retreat. Skirmishers in retreat. — The reserve and skirmishers face about ; the skirmishers individually, the reserve by com- mand of its chief, and the three sergeants throw themselves on the line as prescribed in the advance in line. Quick (or double-quick) March. — At the word march, the skirmishers and the reserve step off in conformity with what is prescribed in the advance in line. The chief of the reserve in front of the rear-rank, now front, maintains his platoon opposite the centre of the line at the prescribed dis- tance. To halt the skirmishers retreating. Skirmishers-Halt. — At the word halt, the skirmishers and the reserve halt and face to the front, the skirmishers individually, the reserve by command of its chief. The first and second lieutenants rectify the alignment and intervals, and then resume their places, as also the three sergeants. To inarch by a flank. Skirmishers, by the right flunk. — The skirmishers face to the right ; the right guide throws himself to the side of the leading man, to conduct him ; the reserve also faces to the right by command of its chief. Quick (or double quick) march. — At the word march, the skirmishers and the reserve put themselves in march ; the right-guide directs himself on the point indicated to him ; each skirmisher follows in trace of the one immediately pre- ceding, and preserves his distance. 115 116 LtGHT INFANTRY. The march by the left flank is executed according to the same principles, substituting in the commands left for right. To halt the skirmishers marching by a flank. Skirmishers-Halt. — At the word halt, the skirmishers and the reserve halt and face to the front. The Firings. The fire is given either at a halt, or in marching, and al- ternately by the two men of the same file, who so arrange it between them, that one or the other always has his piece loaded ; to this end the right hand (front-rank) man fires and loads ; the left hand (rear-rank) man withholds his fire until the first shall have rammed; the second, in his turn, waits, in like manner, for the first, and so on in continuation. Tojire at a halt. Commence Firing. — This command is executed accord- ing to the rules just prescribed ; the men are not to remain in the same place whilst reloading, unless covered by some chance object. To fire marching This fire, like that at a halt, is executed by the command, commence firing. At this command, if the line be advancing, the front-rank man of every file halts, fires, and reloads, before throwing himself forward ; the rear-rank man of the same file con- tinues to march eight or ten paces beyond the first, halts, fires, and reloads ; the front-rank man having reloaded, throws himself forward a like distance beyond his rear-rank man, and fires again, conforming himself to what has just been prescribed, and so on in continuation. If the line be marching in retreat, the front-rank man of every file halts, faces about, fires, and then reloads whilst throwing himself to the rear ; the rear- rank man of the same file continues to march, halts at eight or ten paces beyond the front-rank man, faces about, fires, and then observes what is just prescribed for the front-rank man ; the latter man at the same distance in rear of his rear-rank man, halts again, faces about, finishes loading, fires, and then does as he had done before, and thus the alternate fire by the men of the same file is continued. 116 OF THE COMPANY. 117 If the company be in march by the right flank, the front- rank man of every file faces to the enemy, steps one pace forward, halts, fires, and throws himself behind his rear-rank man, who had been next behind him, reloading as he marches ; as soon as this second man, who has continued to march, shall judge that the first has rammed, he in his turn faces to the enemy, steps one pace forward, halts, fires, and throws himself behind his front-rank man, reloading as he marches, and thus the fire is continued. If the company be in march by the left flank, the fire is executed in the same manner ; but it is the rear-rank man (the leader) who fires first. In executing this fire, the files must avoid mingling with each other ; consequently, the man who has continued to march, must never pass a man of another file, who shall be at a halt, for the purpose of firing. Skirmishers should also be taught to load and fire kneel- ing and lying. In commencing the fire, officers are to see that all the files do not fire at once, but in succession. Marching in retreat, the commander of the skirmishers takes advantage of any chance object the ground may pre- sent, to arrest the march of the enemy as long as possible. The fire is stopped by the sound or beat indicated for that purpose : at this signal, the men cease firing, and those who have not reloaded, load. If the line be in march, it con- tinues the movement ; and of the two men of the same file, the one in front waits till the other is abreast with him. Rallying and assembling. A company, deployed as skirmishers, rallies to resist ca- valry ; it assembles under other circumstances. The rally is made in a run ; the assembly in quick time. To rally on the reserve. (Fig. 8.) Rally on the reserve. — This command being given, the captain throws himself on the reserve, the chief of which begins the formation of the circle by throwing back a little the two flanks of the reserve. The skirmishers running in, form themselves as they successively join the reserve, on its right and left, in two ranks, without regard to height, face outwards and complete the circle. The officers and sergeants 117 118 LIGHT INFANTRY. direct the execution of the movement, and then place them- selves within the circle. These dispositions being made, the captain profits by any interval of time the cavalry may allow him for putting him- self in safety against its attacks, either by rejoining his bat- talion, or by gaining some advantageous position : to this end he reduces the circle, and reforms the company into co- lumn by platoon, and in two platoons ; he marches in this order, by the front or rear- rank ; and if threatened anew by the -cavalry, he halts and again forms circle, by throwing back the flanks of the two platoons ; the second platoon, if not already faced by the rear-rank, is first so faced, and the other platoon by the front-rank. The company being formed into circle, is deployed as skirmishers, as follows : Reduce circle. — At this command, the officers and ser- geants pass out ; the chief of the reserve aligns it on its centre ; the first and second lieutenants reform their platoons on the right and left of the reserve ; which being executed, the company is deployed by one of the means already indi- cated. If the suddenness of the attack leave no time to rally the skirmishers on the reserve, the rally is made by platoon ; the first and second lieutenants each rallies his platoon on the ground the most advantageous behind the line of skir- mishers. Pending the movement, the captain throws him- self on the reserve, and so disposes it as to protect the rally- ing of the platoons and to resist the cavalry. The platoons being rallied, they rejoin the reserve as promptly as possible. To rally on the battalion. The company being deployed as skirmishers, rallies on the battalion, as follows : Rally on the battalion. — The skirmishers of each platoon and the reserve unmask the front of the battalion, directing themselves, in a run, towards its nearest flank, and then form in its rear. The company being formed, it places itself, for the time, whatever be its designation or number, on the left or right of the battalion, according as it may belong to the left or right wing, and if not a flank company, it will not resume 118 OF THE BATTALION. 119 its proper place in line, except by order of the commanding officer. To assemble on the reserve. The company being deployed as skirmishers, assembles on the reserve, as follows : Assemble on the reserve. — At this command, the reserve is formed in the precise order it stood before the deployment ; the skirmishers assemble upon it, and each resumes his place in his previous rank and file. The company being reformed rejoins the battalion. OF THE BATTALION. To deploy the battalion as Skirmishers. (Fig. 9.) The battalion being in line, it is supposed to consist of but eight companies, and that it is to deploy on the sixth com- pany holding the three right companies in reserve. This example will serve for a battalion of ten, or any other num- ber of companies. Each company, deployed as skirmishers, is supposed to occupy a front of one hundred paces. The commanding officer, previously to giving the cau- tionary command, communicates his purpose to the lieuten- ant-colonel, the adjutant, and the major, the last of whom is charged with the command of the battalion reserve. He also indicates to the lieutenant-colonel the direction to be given to the line, as well as the point of rest for the sixth company, and to the major, the position in which to estab- lish the reserve. The lieutenant-colonel throws himself eight or ten paces before the right of the sixth company, and the adjutant, a like distance before its left. DEPLOY AS SKIRMISHERS. BY COM- ^ At this PANY, AT A HUNDRED PACES, ON THE I command, RIGHT OF THE SIXTH COMPANY, TAKE f the sixth INTERVALS. J and fifth captains march their companies eight or ten paces forward, make the preparatory dispositions, and give the preparatory commands for deploying forward, the sixth company on its right file, the fifth on its loft file. The fourth captain causes 119 120 LIGHT INFANTRY. his company to face to the right, the seventh and eighth cap- tains cause their companies to face to the left. QUICK (or double-quick) MARCH. — At the word march. the movement commences. The sixth and fifth companies deploy forward ; the right guide of the sixth, directing him- self on the point indicated to him by the lieutenant-colonel. The companies which have faced to the right and left, march straight forward. The fourth takes its interval of a hundred paces from the left of the fifth and then deploys forward on its left file ; the seventh and eighth, each takes the like inter- val from the nearest file of the company next on its right, and then deploys forward on its right file. Each of the five companies deploys according to the principles prescribed for an isolated company, and those on the right and left of the sixth and fifth, are each aligned on these central compa- nies, the first deployed. The lieutenant-colonel and adjutant follow up the deploy- ment, the first towards the right, the second towards the left, and when finished, place themselves near the command- ing officer, the first on the right, the second on the left. The company reserves are established as echellons in re- spect to each other, as follows : the reserve of the sixth, at a hundred and forty paces behind the right of its skirmishers : the reserves of the fourth and fifth, united, opposite to the interval between their skirmishers, and thirty paces nearer the line than the reserve of the sixth ; the reserves of the seventh and eighth, also united, opposite to the interval be- tween their skirmishers, and thirty paces farther from the line than the reserve of the sixth. The major, on receiving the orders of the commanding officer, marches the battalion reserve thirty paces to the rear, and ploys it into column by company, at half distance ; which being done, he conducts it to the position indicated by the commanding officer. The commanding officer superintends the general deploy- ment, and when finished, throws himself at a point in rear of the line, whence his view may best embrace all the parts, in order to direct their movements. If, instead of deploying forward, it be intended to deploy by the flank, the sixth and fifth companies are marched eight or ten paces forward, halted and deployed, the sixth on its right file, the fifth on its left, bv the means indicated 120 OP THE BATTALION. 121 in the second case in the drill of the company. Each of the other companies marches by the flank, and as soon as the last file of each, nearest to the point of direction, shall have taken the interval of one hundred paces, the company moves up on the line, halts, and deploys. The battalion, in the preceding cases, has been supposed to commence each movement from line : if, on the contrary, it be in column, the deployment is made by the same com- mands and according to the same principles, observing what follows : — If to deploy forward, the directing company, as soon as unmasked, marches eight or ten paces in front of the line which had been occupied by the head of the column, halts, and then deploys on the designated file ; each of the other companies, marching by the flank, takes its interval to the right or left, halts, and then deploys forward. — If to deploy by the flank; the directing company advances as be- fore, halts, and then deploys on the designated file ; each of the other companies, having taken its interval to the right or left, moves up "on the line, halts, and then deploys as soon as the company next towards the direction shall have finish- ed its deployment. The echellons in the example given, descend from right to left; they may be posted on the same principles so as to descend from left to right. The commanding officer indi- cates to the captains, before the commencement of the de- ployment, the number of paces which the reserve of each company ought to take to the rear. When the colour-company is to be deployed as skirmish- ers, the colour, without its guard, is detached, and remains with the battalion reserve. To rally the battalion deployed as skirmishers. (Figs. 10, 11.) The commanding officer rallies his battalion by the com- mands indicated for the rally of a company, and so disposes the battalion reserve as to protect this movement. The companies deployed as skirmishers rally in squares on their respective reserves: each reserve forms the first front of the square ; the skirmishers who rally first form the lateral fronts, and the other files the fourth front. The of- ficers and sergeants direct the rally, and form the men, as L * 121 122 LIGHT INFANTRY. they successively arrive, into two ranks, without regard to height, and cause them to face outwards. The rally being effected, the commanders of company squares (senior captains, and the sixth captain) profit by an interval of time the cavalry may allow for putting them in safety, either by marching upon the battalion reserve, or by taking an advantageous position : to this end, each of those squares is formed into column, and marched in this order, and if threatened anew, it halts, and again forms itself into square. As the companies successively arrive near the battalion reserve, each reforms as promptly as possible, and, without regard to designation or number, takes the place in the co- lumn next in rear of the companies already in it. The battalion reserve also forms square, if itself threatened by cavalry. Indication of movements which may be executed by the sounds of the bugle, or beats of the drum. Double-quick march Run Forward march Halt March in retreat. . . . Commence firing.... No. of No. of sounds. beats. 12 15 13 16 14 5 15 17 16 18 17 19 Cease firing March by the right \ flank 5 March by the left flank. Rally on the reserve. Rally on the battalion No. of sounds. No. of beats. 18 14 19 1 20 21 22 12 2 3 Remark, — The words of command given by the instructor who represents the commander in the company manoeuvres of Light Infantry, are printed in italics at the beginning of the paragraphs ; but in the battalion manoeu- vres of Light Infantry, they are printed in capitals. 122 OP TnE COMPANY. FlO. 1. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOQOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOO ? ? ? ? 1 ? Mil i o o ? ? I li J J J T ! if j** Fia. 2. o a aoooaooooooooooooooooooaooa. goooooooooa a_at>. o o a o o .a o as . LIGHT INFANTRY. 000000000000000 3 00 00003 00000000000000000 *66«A6SbS i*66466- iSaaca f ii l| "? p i ! '21 < ill I!! 00000000000000 49000 5 HU! " 2 » 9 o | Fig. 3. Fig. 4. • , iFFi ?,i ! i Da d o i. c on o_o o 000.0 a o. o oV ■ 124 OP THE COMPANY. Fig. 5. ft Z 1 do 9 a a S8» O O Fig. 5. 0O9Q0. 00000900 6 0000000 00000000990 0' 00300 o O O. O o »4i.'4 4-4 4'4 6 4 4.A4'fJ 4 4 6 "«.'6o O * "& * S"** d,b.* do* 6 6 d 4.A o ooo Be o o L2 125 LIGHT INFANTRY. Fig. 7. o 6\o ! "I j 1 '.! S ! \A \ 1 j I I i 5° loo L L u u \» U h i°° r ?° r r Krrrpi H bo IOO 13 1> ]co £0 JOO k \ { . 1 i <&: | ! 66664 6*6 \ ! ! \ 5oO tOO JOO IOO fol K ! j | ; [ j 6 I c h 6 6 6 I 4 A 6 6 6 A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 U 4 6 6 / 4ga °~9 ° Fig. 8. O t) OO O O Q o OO 0«6S'60 «ip a o o o a a c a o o a o o_ Q O OO'ft C \ \ // i Jo! ! III! // \\ o°a i ! ■ ■ i o o o 1 * \\ I'i! 1 '. // \\ ill! / / OP THE BATTALION. Fig. 9. h Jilt V / : 7 It 1*8 t X *2? If !§ 3 •ii i • s 127 LIGHT INFANTRY. Fig. 10. m Fig II MARCH ed by same chiefs. ( TROT- \ On the word march, the whole move as follows : The base company wheels to the right and is aligned on the markers, receiving from its chief the words halt, right- dress. The company next the base advances until its right un- covers the left of the right company ; it then receives from its chief the words right-wheel, followed by forward, halt, right-dress. The other companies wheel half right, and then receiving the words, forward, guide-right, from the chiefs of squad- rons, advance in echellon towards the new line. Each com- pany on approaching its place, receives from its chief right- wheel, followed by forward, and on arriving on a line with the rear-rank of the preceding company, halt, right-dress. * The base is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed on the new line in front of the right and left files of the base company, facing to the right 155 28 PART II. CAVALRY. Movement No. 2, from Line. To change front to the rear on the left Squadron, (FiG-'lG.) Commanding officer, C CHANGE FRONT TO THE repeated by chiefs of 7 REAR ON LEFT COMPANY squadrons. ( OF THIRD SQUADRON * Chief of base company — Company, right-wheel. Chief of company next the base — Company, fours, right- about, followed by company, right-wheel, as soon as fours have gone about. Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — Fours, right-about, fol- lowed by — By company, right half-wheel, as soon as fours have gone about. Commanding officer, re- $ WALK or > map ptu peated by same chiefs, \ TROT- $ MA±tun * On the word march, the base company wheels to the righty and is aligned on the markers, receiving from its chief, the words halt, left-dress. The company next the base having wheeled to the right, receives from its chief the word forward, passes the line a horse's length, leaving sufficient interval be- tween it and the left company, to enable it to wheel about by fours, and receives from its chief, halt, fours, right-about y left-dress. The other companies wheel half right, and re- ceiving from the chief of squadrons, the words forward, guide-right, retire in echellon towards the new line ; each company, on approaching its place, receives from its chief right— wheel, followed by forward, and when it has passed the line a horse's length, taking care to leave sufficient ground on its right to wheel about, receives from its chief halt, fours, right— about, left-dress. Movement No. 3, from Line. To change front on central Squadron. (Fig. 17.) n A . ffi r CHANGE FRONT ON RIGHT Commanding officer, COMPANY OF SECOND repeated by chiefs of ^ SQUADRON. LEFT-WING squadrons. [ FORWARD.f *The base is given by the markers of the third squadron, placed on the new line in front of the left and right files of the base company, facing to the left. t The base is given by the markers of the second squadron, placed on the new line in front of the right and left files of the base company, facing to the right. 156 PART II. CAVALRY. 29 Chief of base company — Company, right-wheel. Chief of company next the base — Company, forward. C Fours, right-about, followed by Chief of 1st squadron, < By company, right half-wheel, ( as soon as fours have gone about. Chief of 3d squadron — By company, right half-wheels Commanding officer, re- > WALK or ) «, adoij peated by same chiefs. $ TROT- $ On the word march, the companies of the second squad- ron execute what has been prescribed in No. 1, for the com- panies of the first squadron. The companies of the third squadron conform to what is prescribed in the same No. for the companies of the second and third squadrons ; and the companies of the first squadron to what is prescribed in No. 2, for the companies of the first and second squadrons. Movement No. 4, from line. 'To break to the right into column. (Fig. 18.) Commanding officer, re- ) BY COMPANY, RIGHT- peated by chiefs of squad- } WHEEL, WALK (or TROT) rons, ) -MARCH. On the word march, the companies wheel to the right, and receive from their chiefs the words, halt, left-dress, followed by front. Should it be intended to move the column forward, the commanding officer gives the words, column forward, guide-left, walk (or trot)-march, and the whole move forward at the pace indicated. If, while the column is in march, it be intended to change direction by the head, the commanding officer gives the words, head of column to the right, (or left,) when the chief of the leading company adds, company, right (or left) wheel-march. The company having wheeled into the new direction, its chief gives the word forward, and the compa- ny resumes the direct march. Each company, on arriving on the ground where the first wheeled, executes the same movement, receiving from its chief the same command. Movement No. 5, from line. To break to the right, to march to the left. (Fig. 19.) n j. «. t ( BY COMPANY, BREAK Commanding officer, repeat- N TQ • TQ ed by chiefs of squadrons, } MARCII TO THE L ' EFT . O 157 30 PART II. CAVALRY. Chief of Right Company, 1st Squadron — Company, for- ward, guide-left. Commanding officer, i WALK or ) tu ApptT repeated by same chief, ( TROT- } On the word search, the right company of the first squad- ron advances ten paces, wheels to the left by command of its chief, and marches forward. The other companies do the same, in succession ; their chiefs giving the command in time to enable them to take their proper distances in column. Movement No. 6, from Line. To break by the right, to the rear, to march to the left. (Fig. 20.) f BY COMPANY, BY Commanding officer, repeat- j THE RIGHT, BREAK ed by chiefs of squadrons, 1 TO THE REAR, TO I MARCH TO THE LEFT. Chief of Right Company, 1st Squadron — Company, right about-wheel. Commanding officer, re- i WALK or > MA rpij peated by same chief, £ TROT- ] MAKUil - On the word march, the right company of the first squad- ron wheels about, receives the words forward, guide left, from its chief, marches ten paces to the rear ; wheels again to the right by command of its chief, and again receiving the word forward, continues its march. The other companies are, in succession, wheeled to the right-about by their chiefs, and moving to the rear in like manner, follow in column. The movements in this and the preceding number, are in- tended for the passage of defiles in front and rear of the left. Movement No. 7, from Line. To ploy into close column, on second squadron. (Fig. 21.) n a- m ♦ ( CLOSE COLUMN ON Commanding officer, repeat- \ SEC0ND SQUADRON, ed by chiefs of squadrons, ^ RIGHT IN FRONT.* Chief of 1st squadron — Squadron, fours left. Chief of 3d squadron — Squadron, fours right. * The base for the covering of the pivots is given by the markers of the second squadron, placed in front of the left flank of the leading squadron, facing to the rear. 158 PART II. CAVALRY. 31 Commanding officer, repeated ( WALK or > at a pen by chiefs of 1st & 3d squadrons, ( TROT- $ On the word march, the second squadron stands fast, its chief giving the words guide left. The first squadron hav- ing wheeled fours left, is conducted by its chief (on the right flank of the leading fours) along the front of the second squadron ; when abreast of the fourth file from the left of the second squadron, the chief of the first squadron gives the words halt, fours right, left-dress, and front. The third squadron having wheeled fours right, is conducted by its chief (on the left flank of the leading fours) towards its place in rear of the second squadron ; he himself halts where its left will cover on the second squadron, allows his squadron to pass him, and as soon as the left is up with him, gives the words halt, fours left, followed by left-dress and front. The above instructions are applicable to the formation of close column on a flank squadron, by naming it in the cau- tion, with either the right or left in front ; the chiefs of squad- rons giving their commands accordingly. Movement No. 8, from Line. To advance in echellon of squadrons. (Fig. 22.) n A . *. . ( ADVANCE IN ECHEL- Commandingomcer, repeat- N L0N op SQUADR0N s ed by chiefs of squadrons, ^ FROM THE RIGHT. Chief of 1st squadron — Squadron forward. Commanding officer, i WALK or > m appr repeated by same chief, $ TROT- \ 1V1AKUW - On the caution to advance, the squadron-markers place themselves on the right and left of the front-rank of their squadrons. On the word march, the first squadron ad- vances. The remaining squadrons receive the word march, from their chiefs, in succession, as soon as each has got a distance equal to its front and interval from the one which precedes it ; the right markers of squadrons taking care to preserve that distance and interval. During this march the guide is to the right. The retreat in echellon is exactly like the advance, each squadron wheeling to the right-about by fours, just"" in time not to lose its distance from the one before it. In the cau- tion, the word retire is substituted for advance. 159 32 PART II. CAVALRY. When squadrons, having advanced inechellon, are requir- ed to form line to the front, the squadron, on which the line is to be formed, is named ; those squadrons in front, if any, are wheeled about by fours to the right, and the whole move into line upon the named squadron. When a formation into line is required to the left, the squadrons wheel to that hand, and form line upon a named squadron. If, while advancing in echellon from the right, it be re- quired to form an oblique line to the left, the squadrons close to company distance, on the named squadron, and then half wheel to the left into line. Movement No. 9, from Line. Passage of lines to the front. (Fig. 23.) n ,. ~ t ( ADVANCE BY FOURS Commanding officer, repeat- } FR0M THE RIGHT OF ed by chiefs of squadrons. i SQUADRONS Chiefs of squadrons— -fours right — leading fours, left- wheel. Commanding officer, { WALK or > |\f ADpxj repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- \ On the word march, each squadron wheeling fours right, and its leading fours again to the left, advances through the intervals of the line in front, each squadron passing on the right of the squadron in its front. When the line is to be formed again, the commanding of- ficer gives the words, front into line-march, (repeated by chiefs of squadrons,) when each squadron forms on its lead- ing fours ; the chiefs dress their squadrons by the right, and then resume their places. The intervals of heads of squadrons from each other, are preserved from the first squadron. Movement No. 10, from Line. Passage of lines to the rear. (Fig. 24.) Commanding officer, repeat- \ FRQM THE ed by chiefs of squadrons, i SQUADRONS. Chiefs of squadrons — Fours right — leading fours, right- wheel. 160 PART II. CAVALRY. 33 Commanding officer, $ WALK or > mappr repeated by same chiefs, $ TROT- $ MAJ ^ n - On the word march, each squadron, wheeling fours right, and its leading fours again to the right, retires. The inter- vals of the heads of squadrons from each other are preserv- ed from the first squadron. Each squadron passes through the interval, on the left of the squadron in its rear. When the columns approach within fifty yards of the place where the commanding officer intends to reform his line, the lieutenant-colonel moves forward and establishes a marker at the point where the right of the first squadron is to rest. The left squadron markers then move out and mark the points where the left of their squadrons are to rest on the line, and each chief conducts his squadron, round his left marker, towards the point where the right of his squadron is to rest, and when there, gives the words halt, fours left, right-dress, followed by front, and resumes his place in line. Movement No. 1 1 , from Line. To march in Line. To cause the regiment to advance in line, the commanding officer gives the caution, regulate ox-squadron. Squad- rons forward, (repeated by chiefs of squadrons,) on which all the squadron markers move to the right and left of the front-rank of their respective squadrons. If the first, cen- tral, or any intermediate squadron is to be the regulating one, the lieutenant-colonel causes the right marker of that par- ticular squadron to place himself exactly in front of the right guide of his squadron, on a line with the officers, and desig- nates to him the point on which he is to march. If the re- gulating squadron is on the left of the centre, the left marker of that particular squadron is placed in like manner, in front of the left guide of his squadron. These dispositions being made, the commanding officer gives the word march, (repeated by chiefs of squadrons,) and the whole move forward. The officers in front of squad- rons maintain themselves on the alignment of the marker of the regulating squadron, without regarding the dressing of their men. Each squadron dresses towards the regulat- ing one, and the intervals are preserved in that direction. O '2 161 34 PART II. CAVALRY. The squadrons should, if any thing, be rather behind, than in advance of the regulating squadron. If an obstacle present itself in front of a platoon, compa- ny, or squadron, its chief places it behind the platoon, com- pany, or squadron, to his right or left, according to circum- stances, by wheeling by platoons to the right or left ; and when the obstacle is passed, bringing it into line by a con- trary movement. If, while marching in line, it be intended to gain ground to the front and to a flank, the commanding officer gives the WOrds, BY COMPANY, RIGHT (or LEFT) HALF WHEEL-MARCH, and when sufficiently wheeled, he adds forward guide right (or left ;) the whole move in the direction indicated, in echellon of companies. To bring them again into line, and to continue the direct march, the commanding officer gives the words, by company, left (or right) half- wheel, march, and when wheeled into line, he adds for- ward, when the line moves forward, conforming to what has already been prescribed. The commands here given, are repeated by chiefs of squadrons. To halt the regiment, marching in line, the commanding officer gives the words, regiment, halt. At the word halt, repeated by chiefs of squadrons, each squadron halts. The markers of the regulating squadron place themselves facing to the right, in front of the right and left files of their squadron, a little in advance of the line of officers, so as not to be masked by them, and are rectified on the alignment by the lieutenant-colonel. The right markers of squadrons on the right of the regulating one, and the left markers of those on its left, step out, face towards the markers already es- tablished, and are rectified on them by the lieutenant-colonel. The commanding officer then gives the words, on — squad- ron-dress, when each squadron moves forward on the alignment, dressing towards the regulating squadron. The alignment being completed, the commanding officer gives the word front, and the markers retire. In the retreat in line, the same rules apply as in the ad vance, the squadrons wheeling about by fours, and the file- closers acting as leaders, except that they give no commands. The march in line being a difficult and important move- ment, should be frequently practised, in order to render it as familiar and as easy as possible. 162 PART II. CAVALRY. 35 Movements from Close Column, No. 1. To deploy on second squadron. (Fig. 25.) Commandingofficer, \ DEPLOY ON SECOND SQUAD- Chief of 1st squadron — Fours right. Chief of 3d squadron — Fours left. Commanding officer, < WALK or \ MARP t repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- \ MAUUJrl - On the word march, the first squadron leads out to the right, and the third squadron leads out to the left, each con- ducted by its chief. The chief of the first squadron, when opposite the ground on which the left of his squadron is to rest, halts, and lets his squadron march past him ; when the last rank of fours is abreast with him, he gives the words, first squadron, halt— fours left — left-dress, followed by front. In like manner, the chief of the third squadron, when opposite the point where the right of his squadron is to rest, halts, lets his squadron march past him, and when the last rank is abreast with him, gives the words, third squadron, fours right, forward, guide right, and when abreast with the rear-rank of the second squadron, halt, right-dress, followed by front. The chief of the base squadron, (the 2d,) the moment his front is unmasked, gives the words, second squadron, forward, guide left, and when within two paces of the line, he halts his squadron and aligns it by the right on the markers. The above example is applicable to the deployment of a close column on any named squadron. Movement No. 2, from Close Column. To wheel into line on the rear squadron. (Fig. 26.) Commanding officer— ON THIRD SQUADRON, LEFT INTO LINE.f Chief of 3d squadron — Third squadron, left-wheel. Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — 'Squadron, forward. Commanding officer, repeat- i WALK or > iu a rcR ed by chiefs of squadrons, ( TROT- $ *On the caution, the base is given by the markers of the second squad- ron, placed at points where the flanks of that squadron are to rest in line ; they face to the right t On the caution, the base is given by the markers of the third squadron, f)laced at points where the flanks of that squadron are to rest, facing to the eft. 1C3 36 PART II. CAVALRY. On the word march, the first and second squadrons ad- vance ; each, as soon as it has got its proper distance from the one in its rear, receives from its chief the words left- wheel, followed by forward, and as it arrives on a line with the third squadron, halt, left-dress, front. The third squadron wheels to the left, receives from its chief the word forward, and when it has moved up three horses' lengths, halt, left-dress, front. If the column be required to form line to the right (re- verse) flank, the caution is given, by inversion, on third- squadron, right into line ; the movements and com- mands are the same, only substituting right for left. The column may also, in both cases, be opened from the front or centre, as well as from the rear ; the squadrons in the rear going about by fours, and fronting when they have got their proper distances, and those in front of the named one advancing. The formation is the same as already laid down. Movement No. 3, from Close Column. To change direction from a halt. (Fig. 27.) Commanding officer— CHANGE DIRECTION BY THE RIGHT FLANK.* Chiefs of squadrons — Fours right. Commanding officer, ( WALK or > ,j at? pit repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- $ ~ On the word march, the front squadron, receiving from its chief left wheel, and then forward, moves straight in the new direction ; its chief halting himself at the point where its left is to rest, and permitting his squadron to march past him ; when the last rank comes abreast with him, he gives the words, halt, fours-left, left-dress, aligns his squadron on the markers, and adds, front. The second and third squadrons are conducted by their chiefs, who halt when arrived at the points where the left of their squadrons are to rest, let their squadrons march past them in the new direction, and when the last rank is abreast with them, they give the words, halt, fours-left, left-dress, followed by front. * On the caution, the base is given by the markers of the headmost squad- ron, placed at points where the"flanks of that squadron are to rest, facing to the right. 164 TART II. CAVALRY. 87 In changing direction by the left flank, each chief con- ducts his squadron until its left flank arrives at the point where it is to rest. Movement No. 4, from Close Column. Countermarch. (Fig. 28.) Commanding officer— COLUMN, COUNTERMARCH. Chiefs of Squadrons — File to the right. Commanding officer, $ WALK or \ MA rpr repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- $ MAK <- H - " On the word countermarch, the left markers place them- selves one yard beyond the left of their squadrons, facing to the rear, the croups of their horses six yards in rear of the rear-rank. The file-closers place themselves on the left of their squadrons ; those of the right companies, abreast with the front-rank ; the junior captains on their left ; those of the left companies abreast with the rear-rank. On the words, File to the Right, the right hand men of both ranks turn to the right-about, and the front-rank man moves up on the left of his rear-rank man ; the remainder turn their horses' heads towards the right. On the word march, the leading file of each squadron wheels to the right, passes near the rear-rank, and when nearly opposite the left marker, each man, on a caution from his chief of squadron, turns to the left, halts, and dresses to the right, the front-rank man placing himself on the left of the marker. The other files move off their ground in suc- cession, front and rear-rank men together, as it comes to their turn, wheel at the same point where the leading file wheeled, and when arrived opposite to their places in line, each man turns to the left, and forms up to the rank to which he belongs, dressing to the right. The officers and file- closers follow the movement of the men, and take their places successively as they reach them. Movements from Open Column. No. 1. To form line to the left. (Fig. 29.) n A . n, . C LEFT INTO LINE- Commanding officer, repeat- > WHEEL># WALR ed by chiefs of squadrons, J TROT)-MARCH. * The base is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed at points where the flanks of the right company are to rest, feeing each other, and covered by the left markers of the other squadrons, at points where the left of their squadrons are to rest 105 38 PART II. CAVALRY. On the word march, the companies wheel left into line, receiving from their chiefs the words halt, right-dress, as soon as the wheel is completed. The chiefs of squadrons align their squadrons by the right, and then give the word front* Movement No. 2, from Open Column. To form line to the right by inversion. Commanding officer, ( BY INVERSION, RIGHT INTO repeated by chiefs of { LINE-WHEEL.* WALK (or squadrons, ( TROT)-MARCH. On the word march, the companies wheel right into line, receiving from their chiefs the words, halt, left— dress, as soon as the wheel is completed. The chiefs of squadrons align their squadrons by the left, and then give the word Front. Movement No. 3, from Open Column. To form line to the front. (Fig. 30.) Commanding officer, repeat- ) FRQNT INTQ LINE . ed by chiefs of squadrons, ) ' Chief of base company — Company, forward. Chief of company next the base — Company, left, half- wheel. Chiefs of 2d & 3d squadrons — By company, left, half- wheel. MARCH. Commanding officer, i WALK or > repeated by same chiefs, { TROT- $ On the word march, the base company advances three horses' lengths, and then receives from its chief the words, halt, right-dress. The other companies make a half wheel to the left, and then, receiving from the chiefs of squadrons the words, forward, guide— right, advance in echellon towards their places in line. Each, as it approaches, receives from its chief, right-wheel, followed by forward, and on arriving on a line with the rear-rank of the preced- *The base is given by the markers of the third squadron, placed at poinls where the flanks of the right company of that squadron are to rest, facing each other, and covered by the left markers of the other squadrons, at points where the left of their squadrons are to rest. t The base is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed at points where the flanks of the base company are to rest, facing to the rieht. 16G PART II. CAVALRY. 31) mg company, halt, right-dress. Each chief of squadron aligns his squadron by the right, and then gives the word front. If the column be required to form line to the front by in- version, the caution is given, by inversion, front into line. The movement is performed according to the same principles, but by inverse means and commands ; the lead- ing company is established on the markers ; the other com- panies half- wheel to the right, and advance in echellon to- wards the line, each forming on the right of the one which precedes it. Movement No. 4, from Open Column. To form line to the front on rear company. (Fig. 31.) Commanding officer, repeat- \ ON REAR COMPANY, ed by chiefs of squadrons, \ FRONT INTO LINE.* Chief of company next the base — -Company, left half- wheel. Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — By company, left half- wheel. Commanding officer, i WALK or > madou repeated by same chiefs, } TROT- $ MAKUJrl - On the word march, the whole, except the base company, (which stands fast,) move as follows : The companies make a half wheel to the left, -and receiv- ing from the chiefs of squadrons, the words, halt, fours right-about, followed by forward, guide-right, retire in echellon towards their places in line. Each, on approach- ing the line (taking care to leave sufficient space on its right to wheel fours about) receives from its chief the words, right— wheel, followed by forward, and when it has pass- ed the line a horse's length, halt, fours right— about, left- dress. Movement No. 5, from Open Column. To form line faced to the rear. (Fig. 32.) Commanding officer, repeat- \ INTO LINE, FACED ed by chiefs of squadrons, \ TO THE REAR.f * The base is given by the markers of the third squadron, placed in front of the right and left files of the left company, facing to the left. t The base is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed on the new line, at points where the flanks of the right company are to rest, and facing towards the right flank. 107 40 PART II. CAVALEY. Chief of base company — Company, left about-wheeL Chiefs of 2d & 3d squadrons, ) ^ . , and company next the base, } ° Commanding officer r i WALK or > at a -Rptr repeated by same chiefs, { TROT- $ On the word march, the base company wheels left about and receives from its chief the words, halt, right-dress. — The other companies move off together, and are conducted by their chiefs to the points where their left will stand on the new line, being marked by squadron markers ; each chief conducts his company round the marker, and when the head of the company arrives near its point of formation, leaving space sufficient to wheel by fours, he gives the words, halt, fours-left, right-dress. Movement No-. 6, from Open Column. To form line faced to the rear on rear company. (Fig. 33.) r ,. ~ . ( ON REAR COMPANY, Commanding officer, repeat. > INTQ LmE ^ ed by chiefs oi squadrons, i THF RFAR * Chief of base company — Company, left-ab out— wheel. Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — By company, left-wheel- Commanding officer, i WALK or > M . pnn repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- ] MAKUil - On the word march, the base company wheels left about receives from its chief the word forward, and after advanc ing three horses' lengths, halt, left-dress. The othei companies wheel three-quarters left, and receiving from their chiefs of squadrons the words, forward, guide-left, ad- vance in echellon towards their places in line ; each, on ap- proaching the line, receives from its chief the words, left- wheel, followed by forward, and on arriving on a line with the rear-rank of the preceding company, halt, left-dress. Movement No. 7, from Open Column. To form line by two movements. (Fig. 34.) A column having changed direction to the right, or re- verse flank, may form line to its former front, as follows : * The base is given by the markers of the third squadron, placed on the new line, at points where the flanks of the left company are to lest, and facing towards the left flank 16S PART II. CAVALRY. 41 ( LEFT INTO LINE-WHEEL, Commanding officer, 7 REAR SQUADRON, FRONT ( INTO LINE.* Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — Left into line-wheel* Chief of 3d squadron — Front into line* Commanding officer, ( WALK or > jyr a dqjj repeated by same chiefs, } TROT- $ On the word march, the companies of the first and se- cond squadrons wheel into line, as prescribed in movement No. 1, from open column; and the companies of the third squadron form to the front into line, as prescribed in move- ment No. 2, from open column. Movement No* 8, from Open Column* To form line by two movements* (Fig. 35.) A column having changed direction to the left, or pivot flank, may form line to its former rear, as follows : ( LEFT INTO LINE-WHEEL. Commanding officer, { REAR SQUADRON INTO ( LINE FACED TO THE REAR.* Chiefs of 1st & 2d squadrons — Left into line-wheel* nu- c c oa j $ Into line, faced to the rear* Chief of 3d squadron, < r ,, j, ^ • l4 ^ ' l followed by fours-right. Commanding officer, i WALK or 1 « . rpr repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- $ On the word march, the companies of the first and se- cond squadrons wheel into line, as prescribed in movement No. 1, from open column ; and the companies of the 3d squadron form line faced to the rear, as in movement No. 5, from open column. Movement No. 9, from Open Column. To form on right into line. (Fig. 36.) Commanding officer, re- C ON RIGHT INTO LINE- peated by chiefs of squadrons J GUIDE RIGHT, f * The base in these two movements is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed on the new line, at points where the flanks of the right company are to rest, facing each other. t The base is given by the markers of the first squadron, placed on the new line, at points where the flanks of the right company are to rest, facing to the right. P 169 42 FART II. CAVALRY. Chief of base company — Company, right-wheel. Commanding officer, repeat- i WALK or > ]yr ARCH ed by chief of base company, } TROT- $ On the word march, the leading company wheels to the right, receives from its chief the word forward, and when it has advanced a distance equal to its front, halt, right- dress. The other companies pass along the rear of the leading company ; each in succession, as soon as it arrives opposite its place in line, receives from its chief the words, right-wheel, followed by forward, and when on a line with the rear-rank of the preceding company, halt, right- dress. Movement No. 10, from Open Column. To form close column. Commanding officer, repeat- ) FORM CLOSE CO- ed by chiefs of squadrons, $ LUMN. Chiefs of right companies of squadrons — Company, for- ward. Chiefs of left companies of squadrons — Company, left- oblique. Commanding officer, i WALK or > marph repeated by same chiefs, \ TROT- \ MA * un - On the word march, the leading company advances three horses' lengths, and receives from its chief the word halt. The other right companies move straight forward. The let! companies oblique to the left, at double the pace, till their right flanks are uncovered ; they then receive the word for- ward, from their chiefs, followed by walk, when in line with their right companies. Each squadron, as soon as formed, receives the words, guide-left, from its chief, and when moved up to its proper place in column, halt, left- dress, followed by front. Skirmishing. Skirmishers are usually employed to gain time, to watch the movements of the enemy, to keep him in check, and to prevent him from approaching so close to the main body as to annoy the line of march. On service, regularity in skir- mishing and correctness of distance cannot always be main- tained, on account of the movements of the enemy and the nature of the ground. It is, nevertheless, essential, that some 170 PART II. CA.VALRY. 43 general rules should be laid down, which may be easily con- formed to and applied, according to circumstances. On ordinary occasions a few mounted men may be suffi- cient for this duty ; yet it is frequently necessary on service to employ whole squadrons as skirmishers. The following example embraces a company, which is deemed sufficient to cover the front and flanks of a regiment composed of three squadrons. One of the flank companies is usually employed for this purpose. LEFT COMPANY OF THIRD SQUADRON, > At SKIRMISH TO THE FRONT-MARCH. ] the word march, the company named moves forward ten paces, and the men deploy as skirmishers, extending so as to cover the whole front of the squadron, as well as its flanks ; for this purpose, the man on the right of the front-rank moves in an oblique direction, towards a point sixty paces in ad- vance, and beyond the right flank of the regiment ; the man on the right of the rear-rank follows his file-leader, and then moves to his left on the same alignment ; the other files con- form themselves to this movement, placing themselves at equal intervals from each other. In advancing, the skirmishers draw the left pistol, the sword hanging to the wrist. When the regiment is advanc- ing, the forward march is sounded, when the skirmishers move forward, and afthe sound commence firing, they be- gin the fire. When the halt is sounded, the skirmishers halt, and observe the movement of the regiment, to which they conform. If it turn to the right, or left, they do the same singly, to cover the front ; if the regiment retire, the march in retreat is sounded, when the skirmishers retire by a checquered movement, as follows : — All the skirmishers who belong to the front-rank wheel about singly to the left, march fifty paces to the rear, and then resume their front by wheeling about singly to the right. The same movements are made by the rear-rank men, who place themselves fifty paces in rear of the others, and so on as long as the regi- ment continues in retreat. When the regiment resumes its front, the halt is sounded, at which the skirmishers halt and form again on the same line. Cease firing is then sounded, and afterwards the rally, when they return by the shortest way to their places •n the regiment. 171 44 PART II. CAVALRY. Skirmishers always move out and return at a gallop : they never draw their pistols until they are deployed ; they never fire until within reach of the enemy, unless by order, and they should always keep their horses in motion, even when loading, to avoid becoming a mark to the enemy. They re- tire by wheeling about to the left, and resume their front by wheeling about to the right. When they reform again in company, they return pistol and carry sword. 172 Fig. 1. PART II. CAVALRY. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 00000000 - Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. CO CO Fig. a Fig. 9. 0000 Fig 10. 00 C9 00 Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. ^ «ft to to to to to P2 173 TART II. CAVALRY. Fig . 14. Adjutant. ^^ ^Marker. «o - «n> *^> First Lieutenant. ^-^ «> ^^ ^-5 Second Lieutenant. <3> - Chief of Squ adron . <5? ieut. Colonel. < ^ > <^ ^ ^ «r» Saddler. ^-^ «=> Farrier. <3> Junior Captain. -cr> -e=> <3> ■<=► First Lieutenant. «=> ^ 5§> °> Second Lieutenant. •G> <3> -cz> 3=g 2B Saddler. -gz><^> <=> Farrier. Marker. :> <^=> Quarter-Master Sergeant. Marker. First Lieutenant. < _ > g ^| ^^ g^^ Lieutenant. 5=5 2=5 .^^. Chief of Squadron. V<=> ^P* ^^ S? «2^ ^r> Veterinary Surgeon. irst Lieutenant. <=> | | §g <=> Second Lieutenant. ■CO -«=» <^> g§ < - > Saddler. «as> o <^> Farrier. Marker. Marker. „■ . T • * „„„» <--> "C^ ^ <=> Second Lieutenant. First Lieutenant. <-> c> «== VJC "- <^> Chief of Squadron. «g <=> g Major. o=> <=> ^ ^ <=> ^ F irrkr - 2g> ^ Junior Captain. ■«=> <^> -<^> First Lieutenant. ^ Second Lieutenant. 5E>2=? <=> Saddler. <=►<=><=> <=> Farrier. Sergeant Major. <;> Markor . 174 PART II. CAVALRY. Fig. 15. WP / / / / // / \J Fig. 17. \>(/f 1/^f 1 / Fio. 1G. * mtrifl riniiif Atniilj |T7TnnTT7fi7ni /-ycyy> / m / / / / Fig. 18. Fig. 19. p mTTnrPTTTTTl fnTTTTTTTm 1"1 H fTTIU 11 Htt iJrflll Fig. 20. rc Fig. 21. Fig. 23. ^_^ ifiiunirniTifl nniinrmiiiH' "nrtni Fig. 22. ti ■ . . i .it [ =■- ■ - ■ ■ - -ill I I m *k*. ■,, i ,<■!,., i H v"""i r mTTT i rTTT n Fig. 24. rn tiiiriTriniTiin niumviinim / / / / / / 175 PART II. CAVALRY. 2 1 {"■■"■■■. : ■<■■■-■■■ < Fig. 25. Fig. 27. Fig. 26. |IL IS Fig. 28. liM.i.a.lftllflh*, IwiiiiiiiiwillililliiiiiiiliL * % Sjas, Fig 31 ^j\\ 6^3 \\ \ Fig. 32. (llllllllllllllllllllJlA I.lillil l lMHilliillll -, Millld.n.lallKlillli rH / / // // //' E!3-' / / / // ifrrrrrn / / Fig. 36. 176 Fig. 29. Fig. 30. o-- o- a-' %■ !j ' . ■I ;,,,.| i: mi^l, ■ -J!" [ L^hJ,:_..j[ \\ \ \ S \/\ Fig. 33. Fig. 34. .:.: : r r-J i :i -. \ iiliL-' Fig. 35. l i. -'ill -^* jprp r^-^r *" ** |fc»tttu', J / PART III. ARTILLERY TACTICS. CONTENTS OF PART THIRD. Page OF THE PIECE. Position of the men at the gun 5 To unlimber the gun C Position of the men in battery 7 To load and fire 7 To limber the gun to move to the rear 10 To limber the gun to move to the front 10 To manoeuvre with bricoles 10 To manoeuvre with horses 12 OP THE BATTERY. In line 18 In battery 19 Parade 19 In column of pieces 19 In column of sections 20 Movements 20 Movements from line 21 No. 1. To break into column to the front 21 2. To break into column to the right, 21 3. To break from the right to march to the left 22 4. To break into column in retreat 22 5. Marching in line to close intervals 23 6. Marching in line to open intervals 23 7. Being in line at closed intervals, to march in retreat _ . . 23 8. Marching in line to pass obstacles 23 9. Passing a defile 24 10. To march by a flank -.24 11. To change front forward on first section 24 12. To change front to the rear on first section 25 13. To change front on centre section 26 Movements from column . . '. 26 No. 1. To march in column, change direction and to halt 26 2. To form line to the front 27 3. To form line to the left 27 4. To form line on the right 28 5. To form line faced to the rear 28 Increase and diminution of front 29 To increase from column of pieces to column of sections 29 To increase from column of sections to line 29 To diminish from line to column of sections 30 To diminish from column of sections, to column of pieces 30 Exercise of casemate guns 30 179 4 PRELIMINARY REMARK. Officers of ArtnleT^l^ewe" ^«f Jf d ^ the Infantry Tactics as well as those of the Cavalrj, rTr hat they may be capable of manoeuvring their a£t £ W» as to" conform thereto wtthou, eSrassing the movements of the other arms. ^ PART III. ARTILLERY. OF THE PIECE. The right and left of the piece, as relates to the station of the men, is determined by the position of the man placed in rear of the gun, and looking towards the muzzle. The re- verse is the case with the limber, the right and left of which is always determined by the right and left of the driver. The squad for the service of a field-piece, is formed in two ranks in close order, from right to left, as follows : — Chief of the piece, covered by the non-commissioned officer; No. 5, covered by No. 6 ; the gunner of the right, covered by the gunner of the left ; No. 3, covered by No. 4 ; No. 1, covered by No. 2. If the squad, marching in line, halt in rear of the gun, it will take post in the following manner : SQUAD— BY LEFT FLANK, BY FILE RIGHT- POSTS-MARCH. — At the word maech, the squad faces to the left and wheels by file to the right; when within ten paces of the gun, the ranks oblique to the right and left on each side of the gun, and the men post themselves as fol- lows : (Fig. 1.) The chief of the piece, on a line with the end of the pole, one pace to the right, and facing the piece ; the norr-com- missioned officer on the left, opposite the swing-tree bar. If there be a caisson, he places himself near it; No.'s 5 & 6, abreast the naves of the small wheels ; the gunners abreast the cascable ; No.'s 3 & 4 abreast the naves of the large wheels, and No.'s 1 & 2 abreast the muzzle. The whole facing the gun, on lines eighteen inches from the ends of the axletrees, and dressing on No.'s 1 & 2. Q 181 6 PART III. OF THE PIECE. No.'s 1 & 2 distribute the implements thus :— To No. 1, ^"."and portlre-case. To No. 4 the = ^,re tube-box and ammunition-pouch. To the gunner or in, eft the Cer-stall. To No.'s 5 & 6, each an nouch The matrosses attached to the piece have also long Cots, wh\ch are hung from right to left over the ammo- ni 7T^ trive in front of the gun the men take their posts by inverse means, at the command, squad, by right FLANK, BY FILE LEFT-FOSTS-3IAKCII. To Unlimber. (Fig. 2.) ATTENTION-UNL1MBER— No. 5 moves to the mid- dle of the pole and raises it ; the gunner of the nght unhooks the Lhing'-chain, and aided by the gunner of the lef, ra.ses the trail. With twelve pounders, No. s 3 & 4 assist tne SU Wh r en the trail is disengaged from .the ""^r.No/sS&fi advance the limber three paces, and the trad . , le down the gunners place the ammunition-box on the limber bet een the hounds ; the gunner of the right then gives he word narct at which No.'s 5 & 6 move the limber tweWe paces to the rear, inclining to the right, and then wheel it left- about, the pole towards the gu» and covering , it. IV, 4 unhooks the handspikes, gives one to No. 3, and thej hx them in the pointing-rings. No. 3 fixes the portfire to the stock, and No. 1 takes the sponge from Us hook. If the piece arrive on the ground m rear of the line which it is to occupy in battery, the word is given is battebl, immediately after the word rairainffl. The limber is , v . ith- drawn as above, and as soon as the ammunition-box is placed on it, it is wheeled left-about, and passing through the inter- val on the right of its piece, is moved twelve paces to the rear, and again wheeled left about. As soon as he hmfaei has passed the piece the gunners go to the pointing hand- spikes, and No.'s 1, 2, 3 and 4, to the wheels. The traiU, then turned right-about, and the men take their posts as be- 'ore. 182 PART III. OF THE PIECE. Position of the Gunners and Matrosses in Battery. (Fig On the Left* No. 2. On a line with the muzzle eighteen inehes, with- out the rim of the wheels, fac- ing the piece, with an ammu- nition-pouch slung from right to left. No. 4. On a line with the cascable, dressing on No. 2, holding the priming-wire in the right hand, the thumb through the ring ; the tube- box buckled round the waist, and an ammunition-pouch hanging on the left side. The gunner on a line with the middle of the trail hand- spikes, dressing by the left, and wearing the finger-stall on the middle finger of the left hand. No. 6, carrying an ammu- nition-pouch, is with the am- munition-box, and supplies No. 2 with ammunition. The non-commissioned offi- cer is with the caisson, forty- five paces in rear of the lim- ber ; or at, and in rear of, the ammunition-box, if there be no caisson. 2.) On the Right. No. 1. On a line with the muzzle, eighteen inches with- out the rim of the wheel, fac- ing the piece, holding the sponge-staff horizontally with both hands ; the right hand, nails downwards, near the rammer head ; the left hand, nails upwards, about two feet from the sponge. No. 3. On a line with the cascable, dressing on No. 1, holding the lint-stock in his left hand, and the portfire- stock in his right ; the port- fire-case hanging on the left side. The gunner on a line with the middle of the trail-hand- spikes, dressing, by the right. No. 5, carrying an ammu- nition-pouch, is with the cais- son, near the non-commission- ed officer, or with the ammu- nition-box, if there be no cais- son. The chief of the piece is midway between the limber and the trail-handspikes, ob- serving all that passes at the gun, the limber and the cais- son. To Load and Fire. ATTENtlON-TO ACTION.— No. 1 steps to the left 183 8 PART III. OF THE PIECE. with the left foot eighteen inches, throwing the weight of the body on the left leg ; left knee bent ; right leg extended ; heels on a line parallel to the piece ; feet equally turned out and forming something less than a right angle ; sponge staff held horizontally in both hands, the right above, the left below the staff; the body steady; the arms hanging without contraint. No. 2 makes a similar movement to the right, throwing the weight of the body on the right foot. No. 3 unhooks the water-bucket, places it under the end of the axletree ; half faces to the left : plants his lint-stock in the ground ; lights his portfire, holding the stock in the right hand, fire downwards, and about four inches from the ground ; arms without constraint. No. 4 takes off the apron. The gunner of the right steps off with the right foot, places himself between the trail-handspikes, directs the piece and resumes his position, stepping off with the left foot. The gunner of the left stands fast. No. 5 advances briskly with ammunition from the cais- son, to replace No. 6. No. 6 moves quickly with ammunition in rear of No. 2 ; hands him a cartridge, and returns to the caisson to replace No. 5. LOAD. — The gunner of the left, stepping off with the right foot, advances to the breech of the gun, placing the left foot opposite the vent, inside the wheel, throwing the weight of the body forward on the left leg, the knee bent ; the right leg extended to the rear of the piece. He stops the vent with the middle finger of the left hand, at the moment the sponge reaches the bottom of the bore; presses hard upon the vent till the sponge is withdrawn, and removes his finger when the cartridge is inserted ; seizes the elevating screw with the right hand, and gives the proper elevation ; then raises himself erect on the right foot, steps back with the left, and resumes his position. No. 1 rises erect on his right leg ; raises the sponge-staff horizontally as high as the chin, extending the right arm the whole length, to pass the sponge over the wheel ; makes a long step with the left foot, which he places on a line with the swell of the muzzle ; throws out the right foot eighteen Inches to the right of the left heel, and on a line with it, the 1S4 PART III. OF THE PIECE. 9 feet equally turned out, the body inclined to the right ; in- troduces the sponge, with the left hand, into the bore of the gun, pushes it to the bottom with the right, the left hand sliding along the staff, raising the body erect on the left leg, parallel with the piece ; casts his eye on the vent, to see that it is stopped; turns the sponge two or three times at the bot- tom of the bore, and then withdraws it by a uniform motion with the right hand, the body again inclined to the right, keeping his eye on the range of the sights of the piece ; re- ceives the staff near the sponge, on the palm of the left hand, with which he throws the sponge end over his right, letting the staff slide, through his right hand, until it comes near the sponge-head, and while it is thus sliding, drops the staff near the rammer-head, into the hollow of the left hand, be- tween the thumb and fingers, ready to enter the rammer- head into the bore. The cartridge being placed in the bore by No. 2, No. 1 pushes it home with one stroke, throwing the weight of his body on his right arm, to force the car- tridge to the bottom of the bore, and dropping the left arm. He withdraws the rammer by a smart impulse of the right hand, seizing the staff with the same hand, near the ram- mer-head, throwing over the sponge-head, and letting that end of the staff fall into his left hand in a horizontal posi- tion, at the same time resuming the position of to action, by stepping back with the right foot, and bringing the left on a line with the axle. No. 2 rises on the left leg, advances the right foot even with the swell of the muzzle, brings up the left, places the cartridge in the bore with the left hand, and resumes the position of to action, by stepping back with the left foot. No. 4 advances with the left foot, bringing up the right, pricks with the right hand, places the tube with the left, re- sumes his position by stepping back with the right foot, and makes the signal to No. 3, to fire, by raising his right hand above his head ; at which No. 3 raises the right arm, without bending the wrist, and applies the flame of the portfire to the tube, taking care not to hold it directly over the vent. The piece being fired, is again loaded in the same man- ner, by the command load. The fire ceases by a roll of the drum, or by the command to posts, at which No. 3 extinguishes the portfire, and all resume the position in halting. Q2 185 10 PART III. OF THE PIECE. To limber the piece to move to the rear. ATTENTION-ADVANCE LIMBER-MARCH. — No. 1 places the sponge in the sponge-hooks. No. 3 hooks the water-bucket. The gunners unfix the handspikes, and pass them to No. 4, who, with the aid of No. 2, secures them in the square ring and upon the hooks. No.'s 5 & 6 advance with the limber, obliquing to the right, so that in wheeling left-about, the limber may be three paces in rear of the trail. The gunners take the ammunition-box from the limber and place it between the flasks of the carriage, and then raise the trail so that the carriage can be placed on the pintle. No.'s 5 & 6 back the limber, to bring the pintle under the lunette. The gunner of the right hooks the lashing-chain, and all re- sume their posts. To limber the piece to move to the front. ATTENTION-LIMBER TO THE FRONT-MARCH.- No.'s 5 & 6 advance the limber three paces in front of the muzzle, in such manner as that the left wheel of the limber shall be on a line with the right wheel of the piece, passing on the right, the gunners and matrosses stepping near the flasks, to let the limber pass. As soon as it has passed, the gunners step to the trail-handspikes ; the matrosses to the wheels. The muzzle is then turned right-about on the right wheel, No. 2 placing his feet on the lower felloes of the right wheel, and supporting himself by the upper spokes. The trail is fixed upon the limber as before. To manozuvre with Bricoles. In manoeuvring with bricoles, it is necessary to increase the number of men for each piece. Two are therefore ad- ded to a six-pounder, four to a howitzer, and six to a twelve- pounder. These auxiliaries are numbered 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. The piece being on its limber, the auxiliaries are stationed on each side of it, after the matrosses and towards the pole, one pace distant from each other, and provided with short- ened bricoles. The matrosses have their bricoles at full length. FORWARD.— (Fig. 3.)— The gunner of the left detach- es a handspike, and takes it to the end of the pole, where, 186 PART III. OF THE PIECE. 11 assisted by the gunner of the right, he forms two loops with the breast-chains, through which he introduces the hand- spike across the pole horizontally. Both gunners place them- selves behind this handspike, and are assisted by No.'s 5 & G, who are stationed outside of them, to propel the piece. No.'s 1 & 2 hook their bricoles to the washer-hooks, 3 & 4 to the retreat-hooks. The non-commissioned officer, when there is no caisson, is on the left of the chase. The auxil- iaries, No.'s 7 & 8, form on, and in rear of 1 & 2 — 9 & 10 on 3 & 4. No.'s 11 & 12 are on each side of the chase. Those on the right, hook with the right hand — those on the left, with the left hand. MARCH. — All press forward, holding the bricole in the hand next the piece. HALT. — All stand fast, keeping the bricoles stretched. TO POSTS.— The men on the right turn to the left, and unhook with the left hand ; those on the left perform the same movement in an inverse manner ; the gunner of the left replaces the handspike, and all resume their posts. The commands unlmber and in battery, are executed in the manner already prescribed. The auxiliaries follow the limber, and take post on each side of the pole, one pace from each other. Being in battery, to advance and retreat. FORWARD.— (Fig. 4.)— The gunners seize the trail- handspikes with both hands : they are assisted by the non- commissioned officer, who is between them. No.'s 1 & 2 hook their bricoles to the advancing hooks — 3 & 4 to the washer-hooks : those on the right, with the left hand — those on the left, with the right hand. No. 1 carries the sponge- staff horizontally in the right hand, the sponge-head forward. No.'s 5 & 6 are posted at the end of the pole of the limber, and with it follow the movements of the piece. No.'s 7 & 8 double on 1 & 2, and 9 & 10 on 3 & 4. No.'s 11 & 12 are at the supporting handspikes. MARCH. — The men at the handspikes raise the trail ; those with bricoles draw with spirit, holding the trace with the hand next the piece. No.'s 5 & 6 conduct the limber, preserving the prescribed distance from the piece. HALT. — The trail is lowered to the ground, and the bri- coles extended. 187 12 " PART III. OP THE PIECE. TO POSTS. — The men face outward from the piece, and unhook bricoles ; those on the right, with the right hand — those on the left, with the left hand, and all resume their posts. RETREAT.— (Fig. 5.)— The gunners seize the trail- handspikes with one hand, facing to the rear. The non- commissioned officer is on the left of the muzzle. No.'s 1 & 2 hook to the washer-hooks, 3 & 4 to the retreat-hooks, those on the right, with the right hand — those on the left with the left hand. No.'s 5 & 6 wheel the limber left-about, to precede the piece. No.'s 7 & 8 double on 1 & 2, and 9 & 10 on 3 & 4. No.'s 11 & 12 are at the supporting hand- spikes. TO POSTS.— The men face outwards: those on the right unhook with the left hand — those on the left, with the right hand. No.'s 5 & 6 wheel the limber left-about, the pole towards the piece, and all resume their posts. FRONT-FACE.— All face to the front, No.'s 1 & 2 abreast the muzzle, 3 & 4 abreast the naves, the gunners abreast the cascable, 5 & 6 abreast the end of the pole, the auxiliaries in their rear, one pace from each other ; the non- commissioned officer in rear of the ammunition-box. No. 1 carries the sponge horizontally in the right hand. If the piece be on the limber, the word rear-face is sub- stituted for FRONT-FACE. In descending a hill, it may be necessary to support the piece in retreat, to prevent a too rapid descent ; in such case the chief of the piece gives the words, No.'s 1 and 2, (or as many as necessary) support— in retreat. Those desig- nated take the bricoie from the shoulder. No.'s 1 & 2 hook to the advance-hooks, the others 'at the washer-hooks, hold- ing the straps of the bricoles in the hand. To manmuvre with Horses. Four horses are required for the piece, and the same num- ber for the caisson. In the movement of the piece with horses, the right and left implies that side as relates to the drivers. The piece is supposed to be on its limber, with its caisson in rear, and to be served by a squad either on horse or foot. The men on foot take post in the manner already pre- scribed, except the chief of the piece and the non-comrnission- ed officer, the former is on the left of the drivers of the 188 PART III. OF THE PIECE. 13 leading horses of the gun, the latter in a corresponding po- sition at the caisson. If the squad be mounted, it is formed in two ranks in rear of the piece. At the word to posts-march it moves up to within one pace of the muzzle ; the chief of the piece takes post on the left of the driver of the leaders and the non- commissioned officer at the caisson, as above. Two auxili- aries are added to the squad in horse artillery, to hold the horses ; their position is in the centre of each rank of the squad. FORWARD-MARCH.— The drivers urge their horses, and the piece advances followed by its caisson, the leading horses of which are one pace from the muzzle of the piece ; or, in horse artillery, one pace from the rear-rank of the squad. To prepare for manoeuvring* (Fig. 6.) HALT-UNUMBER-F1X-PROLONGE.— The limber being withdrawn the giinners uncoil the prolonge : the gun- ner of the left passes the pointed end downwards through the right staple-ring of the limber, then under the guides, and upwards through the left staple-ring, drawing it so that the ring of the prolonge, twenty-four feet from the key, may be under the centre of the sweep-bar, and securing it under the guides with the prolonge knot. The gunner of the right passes the key (or T) through the lashing ring in the trail- transom, draws it up, and secures it in the prolonge ring under the sweep-bar. The prolonge is then double, or twelve feet long, which is the proper length for firing in retreat or advance. In horse artillery, at the word unlimber, the gunner of the right gives the word dismount, when all, except the two auxiliaries, dismount ; each man draws the curb-reins through the loop of the martingale, passing the end under the cloak- strap near the left knee, gives the snaffle-reins to the auxili- aries, and takes his post as in foot artillery. When the chief of the piece and the non-commissioned officer dismount, the former gives his horse to one of the drivers of the piece and the latter to one of the drivers of the caisson. The prolonge being fixed, the gunner of the right gives the word mount, when all mount and take post in rear of the piece. 189 14 PART III. OF THE PIECE. If the prolonge is to be fixed for crossing a ditch, the com- mand is given-Fix prolonge for passing a ditch — The key is secured in the lashing-ring, and the prolonge is at its full length, twenty-four feet. To coil the prolonge, the command is given-uNFix and coil prolonge— advance limber. — The gunner of the right disengages the key from the lashing-ring ; the gunner of the .left coils the prolonge round the end of the hounds; the drivers rein back their horses, the chief of the piece directing so that the trail may pass over the pintle, and the piece is limbered. The prolonge must be always uncoiled and fixed before the piece arrives in line. To change direction. A piece manoeuvring with the prolonge may be wheel- ed on either a moveable or fixed pivot. In the first case, the prolonge is stretched and the piece is turned advancing. In the second, the prolonge is slackened by backing the wheel horses, which are then turned short to enter the new direction. PIECE-LEFT WHEEL-MARCH.— The driver of the leading horses takes the new direction, and when the wheel is completed, the chief gives the word forward-march*^ The caisson wheels at the same point where its piece had wheeled, the non-commissioned officer giving the words caisson-left u-h eel— march. Wheeling to the right is performed on the same principle. All wheels of the half circle are made to the left when practicable. PIECE-LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL-MARCH.— The lead- ing horses are wheeled left-about. The wheel-horses back the limber, and wheel left-about, the wheel of the limber passing over the prolonge. At the word wheel, the men on the right of the piece, face to the right, and passing the muzzle, move round and form in rear of the men on the left. — The wheel being completed, the men on the left, face to the left, pass the muzzle, and resume their posts on the left of the piece. To wheel the caisson left-about, it is first wheeled to the left, advances twelve paces, then wheels again to the left and obliques in the new direction. A piece on its limber wheels in the same manner. 190 PART III. OF THE PIECE. 15 Iii Line and in Battery. A piece is in line, when the horses' heads are towards the enemy, and the leading horses of the caisson are forty-five paces from the muzzle of the gun. A piece is in battery when its muzzle is towards the enemy, the horses' heads to the rear, the leading horses of the piece forty-five paces from the caisson. Being in Line, to form in Battery. PIECE-LEFT- ABOUT WHEEL-MARCH.— The piece is wheeled left-about on a fixed pivot, and the men take their posts as in to action. In horse-artillery, at the word wheel, the gunner of the right gives the word dismount, and the horses are led six paces in rear of the leaders of the piece, facing the enemy. If, when marching in column of route, it become necessary to form battery, the caisson immediately wheels left-about, and moves to its proper distance in rear, where it again wheels left-about. If the piece were on its limber, it would oblique to the right before wheeling, so as not to lose its direction. To advance, from Battery. Forward-piece, left- \ The piece wheels left. ABOUT WHEEL-MARCH. \ about ; the caisson closes on its piece and both move forward. In horse-artillery the words trot-march are given, and if the distance to advance be considerable, the gunner of the right gives the word mount. Being in Battery to fire to the Rear. FIRE TO THE REAR— PIECE, LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL-MARCH.— The piece is wheeled rapidly left- about ; the caisson advances at a trot, passes the piece four paces to the right, obliques to the left, and takes its position. As soon as it has passed the firing commences. In horse-artillery, the men having charge of the horses move round with them, rapidly, in front of the horses of the piece. Being in March, to fire to the Rear. FIRE TO THE REAR— PIECE HALT-TO ACTION. —The piece halts, and the men take their posts as in to ac- 191 16 PART III. OP THE PIECE. tion. The caisson, passing four paces on the right of the piece, advances at a trot to its proper distance. In horse-artiilery, at the word halt, the gunner of the right gives the words-squad, forward, trot-march. — The squad moves six paces in front of the leaders of the piece, and the gunner adds halt-dismount, when the men take their posts at the gun. Being in March to form line to the Left. LEFT INTO LINE— PIECE, LEFT-CAISSON RIGHT — WHEEL-MARCH. — At the word march, the piece wheels to the left on a fixed pivot ; the caisson wheels to the right, moves sixty paces in rear of the piece, then wheels to the left, moves on until on a line with the piece, and wheels again to the left, covering the piece at forty-five paces. The formation to the right is made by inverse means. Being in March, to form Battery to the Left. BY INVERSION-LEFT INTO BATTERY. ) The piece PIECE, RIGHT WHEEL-CAISSON, } wheels to RIGHT OBLIQUE-MARCH.-= ) the right on a fixed pivot ; the caisson obliques to the right, and moves forty-five paces in rear of the piece. In horse-artillery, the gunner of the right gives the words squad, left-half wheel, followed by right-half wheel, and when clear of the piece, forward, right-wheel, to take post in front of the leaders ; when there he adds, right about wheel, halt, dismount. If there be not sufficient space on the right for this move- ment, or if manoeuvring with a corps, twenty paces in rear of the line on which the piece is to form battery, the com- mand is given-LEFT ixto batteky-piece, left— caisson, right wheel-march. — The piece wheels to the left, and advances in that direction Lintil it has passed ten paces beyond the line, when the chief gives the woi'ds-piece-left-about wheel-march — the piece wheels left-about and halts when the middle of the prolonge is on the line of formation. The caisson after wheeling to the right, moves to its proper dis- tance in rear, obliquing to the right and wheeling left-about. In horse-artillery, the squad halts and dismounts when the piece wheels to the left. Battery may be formed to the right by similar movement, 192 PART III. OF THE BATTERY. 17 To March in Retreat. This differs from the march to the front only by the caisson preceding, instead of following the piece. If it be necessary to fire while retreating, the command is given, halt-to ac- tion, and the fire commences. In horse-artillery, the sqnad dismounts, and the horses are led round in front of the leaders. OF THE BATTERY. Six pieces, each with its caisson, are here supposed to con- stitute a battery. The pieces may be six or twelve-pounders, or twenty-four-pounder howitzers ; or they may be mixed. The pieces and caissons are numbered from right to left, and they should not, except in extraordinary cases, be inverted. Each chief, in giving the word for a movement, designates his piece by its number. The battery is divided into three sections, each section consisting of two pieces with their caissons, numbered from right to left. The battery is served by a company consisting of a cap- tain, four subalterns, and a certain number of non-commis- sioned officers and privates. The captain commands the bat- tery. Three subalterns (or in case of deficiency, senior sergeants) command sections — the senior the first section, the next the third section, and the next the second section. The junior subaltern commands the line of caissons, and is called officer of the train. A non-commissioned officer has charge of each piece and of each caisson, and directs their movements ; the senior non-commissioned officer of each section of caissons, is the chief of that section. Two non-commissioned officers act as guides or markers. The right and left of the battery, whether in line or in battery, is always the same, and is determined by standing in front of the battery, with the back towards the pieces ; in manoeuvring the right and left is determined by the position R 193 18 PART III. OF THE BATTERY. of the drivers. Wheeling-about is always to the left, by pieces. Alignments are made on the drivers of the wheel-horses ; for parade, on the axletrees of the pieces. In line, the horses of the caissons front, as those of the pieces ; in battery, the reverse, except when formed in retreat or firing to the rear. In advancing, each piece precedes its caisson ; in retreat, each caisson precedes its piece ; and what is executed by the piece in the first case, applies to the caisson in the second. In either case, the right or left may be in front. The movements of the caissons are regulated by those of the piece, and by the orders of the officer of the train. For manoeuvring, the battery is formed either in line or in column of sections. Column of pieces is never used, but in passing a defile, or on a march, or moving into or out of park. A piece, or caisson, passing another, always moves to the right of the one passed. The prolonge is always used when manoeuvring in the presence of an enemy, and in the firings ; but when it is not necessary to form in battery, the pieces should be limbered. The words of command are the same in both cases. A piece with four horses, and its prolonge extended, occu- pies forty-four feet, and this interval must be preserved be- tween the pieces in line. When the right is in front, the guide is on the left ; the reverse is the case when the left is in front. In Line. (Fig. 7.) The pieces are aligned with intervals between them equal to the length of the piece, which vary according to the cali- bers, the number of horses, and as the pieces are limbered, or have their prolonges fixed. The caissons are aligned in rear of their pieces, the horses' heads towards the pieces ; the distance between the two lines being twice the length of the piece, reckoning from the heads of the leaders of the caissons to the muzzles of the pieces. The captain is in the centre, twelve paces in front of the leading horses ; the chiefs of sections between the pieces of their sections, six paces in front of the leading horses ; the chiefs of pieces one pace in front of the leaders of their 194 PART III. OF THE BATTERY. 19 pieces ; the gunners and matrosses at their posts on the right and left of their pieces ; — in horse-artillery they are mount- ed and formed in two ranks, four paces in rear of the muz- zles of their pieces : the officer of the train, in the centre of the line of caissons, twelve paces in front of the leading horses ; the chiefs of caissons, one pace in front of their caissons ; the music four paces on the right, and in rear of, the muzzle of the first piece. The formation in line in retreat, is the same as in line to the front, except that, in horse-artillery, the mounted squads are four paces in front of the chiefs of their pieces. In Battery. (Fig. 8.) The heads of the horses of the pieces are to the rear, the leaders forty-five paces from the caissons. The captain is in centre of the battery, eight paces in front of the leading horses ; the chiefs of sections, in centre of their sections, on a line with the limbers ; the chiefs of pieces, midway between the limbers and the trails of their pieces ; the gunners and matrosses, (foot and horse,) at their posts, on the right and left of their pieces ; the horses of the squads, opposite their pieces, midway between the pieces and the caissons ; the officer of the train, opposite the centre of the caissons, eight paces in front of the leading horses ; the chiefs of caissons, at their caissons ; the music, four paces beyond the right flank of the battery, and midway between the pieces and caissons. Parade. The battery is drawn up in line, generally with the pieces on their limbers. The captain and chiefs of sections are at their posts in line. The gunners and matrosses, whether foot or horse, are form- ed in squads twelve paces in rear of the muzzles of the guns ; the chief of each piece on the right of his squad. The music are on a line with the squads, four paces beyond the right flank of the battery. In Column {right in front.) Column of pieces. Each caisson follows its piece, the leaders of the former, one pace from the muzzle of the latter. In horse-artillery, 195 20 PART III. OP THE BATTERY. the mounted squads are one pace from the muzzles of their pieces, and the leaders of the caissons one pace in their rear. The captain is on the left, abreast the centre of the co- lumn ; the officer of the train on the right of the column, abreast the captain ; the chief of the first section, at the head of the column, one pace in front of the leaders ; the chiefs of other sections, four paces from the left of the cen- tre of their sections ; the chiefs of pieces, by the side of the drivers of the leading horses of their pieces ; the chiefs of caissons, on the right of the column, by the side of their caissons ; the guides, one by the side of the driver of the leaders of the first piece, the other in rear of the last caisson ; the music six paces in front of the head of the column. Column of Sections, In foot-artillery, each carriage is six paces from the one which precedes it, measuring from the leaders to the muzzle of the gun, or rear of the caisson ; in horse-artillery, the same distance as in column of pieces. The chief of the first section, is two paces in advance of the centre of his section ; the chiefs of the other sections, in the centre of their sections, abreast the drivers of the leaders of their pieces; the chiefs of pieces of the first section, in front of their leaders ; the chiefs of caissons on the right of the drivers of their leaders ; the guides abreast of the chiefs of the leading pieces, two paces outside the horses ; the one on the left is charged with the direction of the column, the other preserves the proper distance between the files of pieces. All the other officers, non-commissioned officers, matrosses, and music, are placed as in column of pieces. In marching in retreat, the chiefs of sections and the guides take the same positions relatively to the caissons, which they occupy in regard to the pieces advancing. Movements. The following movements are laid down as performed from the right ; but they may be performed from the left, accord ing to the same principles. 196 TART III. OP THE BATTERY. 21 Movements from Line. No. 1. To break into column to the front. (Fig. 9.) n ,. „• < ON FIRST SECTION, FRONT Commanding officer, | INTQ C0LUM ^ C Caissons forward, trot, march, the Officer of train, < caissons, and in horse-artillery, the ( squads, close on their pieces.* Chief of 1st section — Section forward, guide left. Chiefs of other sections — Section right oblique. Commanding officer, re- > tvj appr peated by chiefs of sections, $ x On the word march, the first section, followed by its caissons, moves to the front ; the other sections oblique to the right and enter the column, each in rear of the one which precedes it ; as soon as they are in column, each chief gives the words forward, guide left. To break into column of pieces, the same means and com- mands are observed, substituting the word piece for section. Movement No. 2, from Line (Fig. 10.) To break into column to the right* ' ,. ~ < BY SECTIONS, RIGHT INTO Commanding officer, J COLUMN. Officer of train — Caissons, forward, trot, march Chiefs of sections — Section, right wheel. Commanding officer, re- t MARCH< peated by chiefs of sections, ^ On the word march, the sections wheel to the right on fixed pivots, and move forward, receiving from the command- ing officer the words forward, guide left ; the caissons wheel a little before arrriving at the points where the pieces wheeled, and arrange themselves in column. To break into column of pieces, the same commands are used, substituting pieces for sections ; the pieces wheel on moveable pivots, in succession, as each has its distance from the one which precedes it. * This movement for caissons and squads is the same for all formations in column. R2 197 22 PART III. OP THE BATTERY. Movement No. 3, from Line. To break from the right to march to the left. (Fig. 11.) ) BY SECTIONS, BREAK FROM Commanding officer, V THE RIGHT TO MARCH TO ) THE LEFT. Officer of train — Caissons forward, trot, march. Chief of 1st section — Section forward, guide left. Commanding officer, repeat- > tm APpu ed by chief of 1st section, $ On the word march, the first section, followed by its caissons, moves forward thirty paces, then wheels to the left and prolongs its direction : the other sections execute the same movement in succession, as each has its distance from the one which precedes it. The movement is executed by pieces, in the same manner and by the same commands, substituting the word pieces for sections. Movement No. 4, from Line. To break into column in retreat. (Fig. 12.) Commanding officer-PIECES AND CAISSONS, LEFT ABOUT WHEEL, MARCH. The pieces and caissons, and in horse-artillery, the squads, wheel left-about. n a- « S ON THIRD SECTION, IN Commanding officer, ^ RETREAT INTO COLUMN. Chiefs of sections — Pieces, forward, trot, march. The pieces, and in horse-artillery, the squads, close on the caissons. Chief of 3d section — Third section, in retreat, guide right. Chief of other sections — Section, right oblique. Commanding officer, re- > , , . -n qtt peated by chiefs of sections, $ On the word march, the caissons of the third section followed by their pieces, move forward ; the caissons of the other sections, followed by their pieces, form into column by commands and movements similar to those used in forming to the front into column. This movement is executed by pieces in the same manner and by the same commands, substituting the words on sixth PIECE, for ON THIRD SECTION. 198 TART III. OF THE BATTERY. 23 Movement No. 5, from Line. Marching in line, to close intervals. ( ON ( ) PIECE, TO ( ) Commanding officer, 2 PACES CLOSE INTER VALS- ( MARCH. On the word marcii, the pieces oblique towards the one named, to the distance ordered, when they resume the direct march, by commands of their chiefs. Movement No. 6, from Line. To open intervals. n , , j ON (— ) PIECE-OPEN IN- Commanding officer, | TERV i L S-MARCH. On the word march, each piece obliques from the one named, to resume its proper interval : the caissons execute the same movement, when they arrive at the same place. Movement No. 7, from Line. Being in line at closed intervals, to march in retreat. n ,. ~ < IN RETREAT, EVEN PIECES Commanding officer, J AND CAISS0 NS, FORWARD. The even pieces and caissons move forward until they have unmasked the odd pieces and caissons ; the command- ing officer then gives the words— pieces and caissons, left -about wheel-march, when the whole wheel left-about, and the even numbers resume their places in line. Movement No. 8, from Line. Marching in line, to pass obstacles. (Fig. 13.) n A . ~ < (Such) PIECE (or SECTION) Commanding officer, j QggTACLE If it be a piece, the chief of the section of the piece na^ned, halts the piece, and its caisson closes on it ; when the line of caissons arrives abreast of the piece, the chief of the sec- tion gives the words — (such) piece, right (or left) oblique- march, and the piece, followed by its caisson, obliques in rear of the other piece of its section. If the obstacle present itself before a section, the chief of the named section causes his section to halt until the line of caissons is abreast with his pieces ; he then obliques his sec- 199 24 PART III. OP THE BATTERY. tion in rear of the centre section, if it be one of the wings ; or in rear of the right section, if it be the centre one. The obstacle being passed, the commanding officer orders, (such) piece (or section) into line ; on which the chief of the section gives the words — (such) piece (or section) left (or right) oblique-march, and the piece or section, quicken- ing its pace, moves into line. Movement No. 9, from Line. Passing a defile. This is done in either advancing or retreating, by a co- lumn of sections or pieces, according to the width of the defile, and either by the right or left flank ; the command being given — by sections (or pieces) from the right (or left) flank, pass the defile-march. The defile being passed, the battery or line is reformed by one of the means prescribed in movements from column. Movement No. 10, from Line. To march by a flank. C PIECES AND CAISSONS, Commanding officer, ? RIGHT (or LEFT) WHEEL- ( MARCH-FORWARD. On the word march, each piece and caisson wheels to the right, (or left,) on a fixed pivot ; in horse-artillery, the squads also wheel to the right, (or left,) and form a third column be- tween the pieces and caissons, abreast of the muzzles of their pieces. On the word forward, the whole move forward to- gether, the pieces close on each other, and the caissons march abreast of their pieces. The chiefs of sections and of caissons march on the flank of the column, except the chief of the leading section, who is at its head ; the chief of the leading piece in front of the leading horses of his piece. To resume the line, the command is given — pieces and CAISSONS LEFT (or RIGHT) WHEEL-MARCH. Movement No. 11, from Line. To change front forward on first section. (Fig. 14.) r. mmn n^;n„.ffi^ S CHANGE FRONT FORWARD Commanding officer, ^ QN FIRgT SECTI0N . Chief of 1st section — Section, right-wheel. Chiefs of other sections — Pieces, right-oblique. 200 TART III. OF THE BATTERY. 25 Officer of train — Caissons, left-wheel. Coinmanding officer, repeated by chiefs of sections and officer of train— MARCH. On the word march, the first section wheels to the right on a fixed pivot, and is established by its chief on the new line; the other pieces arrive in succession on the line, und are dressed by the chiefs of sections on the first section. The caissons, except the sixth, wheel to the left ; the sixth moves to the front, and the others wheel to the right, in suc- cession, as they arrive on the ground which the sixth occu- pied ; when each arrives opposite its piece, the officer of the train gives the words, caissons, right-wheel-march, for- ward, guide-right halt, right-dress. The change of front forward on the third section is exe- cuted in the same manner, substituting in the commands — left for right, and reciprocally. Movement No. 12, from Line. To change front to the rear on first section. (Fig. 15.) n A . ~ marph ed by chief of 1st section, \ SECTIONS- ] MAKUrt * On the word march, the second piece, followed by its caisson, moves up abreast of the first piece, the length of a piece on its left ; when the third piece arrives on the ground where the first section was formed, the chief of the second section, forms his section in the same manner, and by the same commands; and so with the third section. In foot- artillery the even pieces lengthen the step, and the head of the column slackens the pace : in horse-artillery, the chiefs of the second and third sections give the word trot, and the head of the column does not alter its pace. The sections being formed, the commanding officer gives the words guide left, and the whole resume the ordinarv pace. From Column of Sections to Line. Commanding officer— FRONT INTO LINE. Chief of 1st section — Section, forward, guide right. Chiefs of other sections — Section-left oblique. Commanding officer, re- > tuarph peated by chiefs of sections, $ On the word march, the first section continues to move forward, the other sections oblique to the left until opposite their intervals, when their chiefs give the word forward, and they move up abreast of the first section ; the caissons follow their pieces ; those of the first section slacken the pace, until at the proper distance : the caissons of the other sections align themselves on those of the first. The line being form- ed, the commanding officer gives the words guide left (or right), and the whole resume the ordinary pace. If a column by pieces, or by sections, be at a halt, it will form line to the front, by the same commands and means; the leading piece, or section, moves forward on the word S 205 30 PART III. CASEMATE GUNS. march, and is established on the lines ; the others oblique until opposite their intervals, then move forward, and are aligned on those already established. TO DIMINISH. From line, to column of sections. Commanding officer— BY SECTIONS-BREAK OFF. Chief of 1st section — Section forward , guide left. Chiefs of other sections — Section, right oblique. Officer of train — Caissons forward, trot, march. Commanding officer, re- > ;u\r>rH peated by chiefs of sections, \ A On the word march, the first section continues to move forward; in foot-artillery, it quickens its pace: in horse- artillery, it moves at a trot : the other sections oblique to the right, each entering the column in rear of the one which pre- cedes it. The column being formed, the commanding officer gives the words guide left, and all resume th-j ordinary pace. From column of sections, to column of pieces. Commanding officer— PIECES-BREAK OFF. Chief of 1st section, I }f ( P^e forwarded piece right ^ oblique. Commanding officer, repeat- > ,,, R pn ed by chief of 1st section, \ On the word march, the first piece continues to move for- ward, the second piece obliques to the right and enters the column ; the other sections break off on the same ground where the first had broke. EXERCISE OF CASEMATE GUNS. Implements. The rammer and sponge (on different staves) in a rack over the embrazure. The ladle in a rack on the left of the gun, over the arch. The worm in a rack on the right of the gun and opposite the ladle. The lantern on a hook immediately over the worm. The trail-handspikes on the elevating transom. The crowbars (two) on each side of the gun, leaning against the front wall, and four feet from the carriage. 206 PART III. CASEMATE GUNS. 31 A water-bucket on the right of the gun in the front angle of the casemate. A pouch for priming caps hung on the cascable, a priming wire attached to it. The shot and wads on the left of the gun in the front angle of the casemate. Position of the men at the gun. One non-commissioned officer and six privates are neces- sary for the service of each gun. They should be told off before marched to the battery, where they are posted as fol- lows : No.'s 1 and 3 on the right of, and three feet from the car- riage, facing the gun, No. 1 opposite the chase, and No. 3 opposite the elevating screw. No.'s 2 and 4 on the left of, and three feet from the car- riage, facing the gun, No. 2 opposite No. 1, and No. 4 op- posite No. 3. No.'s 5 and 6 in the room in rear of the gun, and near the left door, provided with a budge-barrel and pass-box. The non-commissioned officer is on either side of the gun, according to the position of the lock, and near to the cas- cable. He tends vent, points, fires, and commands at the gun. When the gun is not loaded, it should be run " from bat- tery," that is, run as far back as the counter-hurter, and secured by quoins at each wheel. To load and fire* PREPARE BATTERY.— The non-commissioned officer straps the pouch round his waist. No. 1 takes the rammer and sponge from the rack and places them against the wall, in the angle of the casemate on his right, the sponge up, the rammer-head downwards. No. 2 takes out the tompion and places jt by the pile of shot, and loosens the wads. No. 3 uncoils the lanyard of the lock and throws it loosely over the cascable. No. 4 enters the trail-handspikes in the rings. Nos. 5 and 6 prepare the budge-barrels ; and all resume their posts. LOAD. — The non-commissioned officer steps on the car- riage to tend vent. No. 1 seizes the sponge-staff, steps on the carriage, enters the sponge, and sponges the gun : he is assisted by No. 2, who also steps on the carriage. No. 3 207 32 PART III. CASEMATE GUNS. seizes the rammer-staff, and passes the small end through the embrazure — No. 1 receives the staff in his left hand and passes the sponge-staff behind him with his right hand, to No. 3, who places it in its position against the wall. No. 5 hands a cartridge to No. 4, who hands it to No. 2. No. 4 also hands the shot and wads to No. 2, who enters them and assists No. 1 in ramming down. As soon as the shot is rammed home, No.'s 1 and 2 step down from the carriage, and the former places the rammer-staff against the wall. TO BATTERY.— No.'s 3 and 4 take out the checking quoins, and all, except 5 and 6, assist in running the gun out. Care should be taken in running the gun " to battery," not to let the carriage strike the hurter too hard, lest the jar should throw the charge forward and prevent its ignition. The gun should also be run out as far as the carriage will permit, to prevent injury being done to the embrazure from the discharge. As soon as the gun is run out, the non-commissioned officer steps on the chasses, cocks the lock, and places the percus- sion cap, keeping his left hand over it to prevent the concus- sion of other guns from jarring it out of place. Nos. 3 and 4 at the trail-handspikes, and No. 1 at the elevating screw, give the proper direction and elevation by a motion of the hand from the non-commissioned officer. As soon as these are obtained, the non-commissioned officer steps down quickly from the chasses on either side (according to the position of the lock) and by a smart pull of the lanyard, fires the piece. No.'s 1 and 2 should be ready with checking quoins, to prevent the gun running " to battery." If the gun should not sufficiently recoil, No.'s 1 and 2 enter the crowbars in the truck wheels, and assisted by the other men, heave the gun back at the command heave. The same would be the case if the gun were " to battery." When practicable, a commissioned officer should be placed in charge of four guns, to see that all the duties are properly performed, and silence observed. The foregoing exercise will answer with trifling alteration, for barbette guns. 208 PART III. OP THE ARTILLERY. •2 8 I S e xgScg ©J O «cj> ko N «i» •«* o «a S2 209 PART III. OF THE ARTILLERY. Fig. 7. #4 's Fi s .9 JJ$'A f^mmm mm ■ ■ 1 1 : ! Jit jbfjif jbjiij jtfct Fig. 11. ^ at- .Jft If 3j* }jf ; Fig. 8. t+t +++ -4+ -Hk 1-I-1- l4r .;/«//« r»»«» iwi/n 4/»;« j/,th« i'm//fl yir. %% >>** $? I "-JS- g: Hmr u I '■--£& u ^- a £$ sr 4m t$t$m WW/ IS Fiy.12 210 PART III. OF THE ARTILLERY. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. 6 6 4 8 JJj iLij LLiJJ lllU m JJi $ ft ft ft ft -If- ^iSi« -je / X -^S : - iK'^/yH' 7^4|C f / •3KE - 6f- 5/ 4.^' 3.-' 2/' a? lLj Lij l£j ljIi uli (iLi il l ll ill} iLlIj iLlII JjJj ill li A A iU ft ft ffM'ITi Fig. 15. [WtB;|fli!^ft B -IC-j Fig. 16. ^ IE"-, a s- N \ se-J •X. •sis 211 PART III. OF THE ARTILLERY. Fig. 11 6 5 4 ili lLj Uj i I I ilt ilj i*.li ilili iliij ili'i ilali tUli rpi lyl rji **p ryi rji ft Jiil Fig. 18. -H- < Br- 'Hill* $ S Fig. 19. -» ^ -33-' --JE f' /- — H" --JE ? r~ K-' -IE j ^j- — 15- ■ u $ $ K SB Fig. 20. MM & ft v ft ft ItM'.r/A; 14! i A] f / WW j ft 212 PART i IV. REGULATIONS. CONTENTS OF PART FOURTH. Page Precedence of regiments and corps 5 Duties in garrison and camp, comprising— m Beats and signals ' 5, 6 The Roster 30 Roll calls 31 Daily details and duties 31 Dress parade 34 Guard mounting 36 Relieving guards and sentinels 38 Method of going and receiving the grand rounds * 40 Guards, their use and duty 42 Order of encampment for Infantry 50 Cavalry 52 Artillery 53 Honours to be paid by the troops 56 Salutes 58 Escorts of Honour 58 « Funeral Honours 59 Colour escort 60 Review 61 Inspection 65 Calling out the Militia for the service of the U. S 68 Manner of issuing and distributing orders 69 215 PART IV. REGULATIONS PRECEDENCE OF REGIMENTS AND CORPS. The precedence of regiments and corps is as follows : — 1st. The Light Artillery— 2d. The Light Dragoons— 3d. Other Regular Cavalry— 4th. The Artillery— 5th. The In- fantry — 6th. The Marine Corps — 7th. The Riflemen — 8th. Volunteer Corps — 9th. The Militia. Regiments of the regular army will take precedence in their particular arm, according to numerical order — in the volunteers and militia, by lot. This order of precedence refers to parades. On all other occasions, the several regiments and corps are to be distri- buted and drawn up as the commanding officer may judge best adapted to the purposes of the service. DUTIES IN GARRISON AND CAMP. The duties in garrison and camp are to be conducted, as far as practicable, in the same manner, and on the same prin- ciples. The Reveille is to sound or beat at day-break, and is the signal for the men to rise, and the sentinels to leave off chal- lenging. The Troop is to sound or beat at — o'clock in the morn- ing, for the purpose of assembling the men for duty and in- spection at guard-mounting. The Retreat is to sound or beat at sunset, for the purpose of warning the officers and men for duty, and reading the orders of the day. The Tattoo is to be beat at — o'clock, after which no sol- dier is to be out of his tent or quarters. Peas-upon-a-trencher, the signal for breakfast, is to sound or beat at — o'clock in the morning. Roast-beef, the signal for dinner, is to sound or beat at — o'clock ; at other times, it is the signal to draw provisions. T 217 6 PART IV. REGULATIONS. The Surgeon's Call is to sound or beat at — o'clock, when the sick, able to go out, will be conducted to the hos- pital by the First Sergeants of companies, who will hand to the Surgeon a report of all the sick in the company, other than those in hospital. The General is to beat only when the whole army is to march, and is the signal to strike the tents, and prepare for the march. The Assembly is the signal to form by company. To the Colour is the signal to form by battalion. The March, for the whole to move. The Long-roll is the signal for getting under arms, in case of alarm, or the sudden approach of the enemy. The Parley is to desire a conference -with the enemy. The Stable-call, in cavalry corps, will be sounded imme- diately after reveille, forty minutes before noon ; and again, immediately after retreat, for watering, feeding, and attend- ing to the horses. Signals. To go for fuel — poing stroke and ten stroke roll. To go for water — two strokes and a jlam. For fatigue party — pioneer's march. Adjutant's call — -first part of the troop. First Sergeant's call — one roll and four taps Sergeant's call — one roll and three taps. Corporal's call — one roll and two taps. For the drummers — the drummer's call The different daily beats shall be given on the right, and be immediately followed by the whole army ; to facilitate which, the drummer's call shall be beat by the drums of the police a quarter of an hour before the time of beating, when the drummers will assemble before the colours of their re- spective regiments ; and as soon as the beat begins on the right, it will be immediately taken up by the whole armv, the drummers beating along the front of their respective re- giments, from the centre to the right, thence to the left, and back again to the centre, where they finish. Where the hours for the different beats and signals am not fixed, the commanding officer will establish them, havi g regard to cli- mate and circumstances. 218 ^ REGULATIONS. BEATS OF THE DRUM EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS. A Tap A Flam Rolls of A Drag A Roll r r r r r J J J J J 3 4 5 7 9 Strokes. Common Time. 90=o- or 90 steps I minute. Time for the Retreat. H0=# fed: or 110 steps to a minute. Quick Step. 110=0 fffig or 110 steps to a minute. Double Quick Step. 140=J ETC? or 140 steps t0 a minute - Time for the Troop. 80^=# An or 80 bars to a minute. 219 REGULATIONS. LENGTH AND PROPORTION OF NOTES AND RESTS. Seinibreve equal m Common Time. to 2 Minims. — P 1 P _ Z1 2 steps to a bar, and 90 to a minute. or 4 Crotchets, Rests. ^EE?E$ ^£ or 8 Quavers, il§i£gil 3=3: or 16 Semi- quavers. ^ A Dotted Minim equal P Time for the Retreat to 3 Crotchets, -r — r- m 3 steps to a bar, and or 6 Quavers. ^rr-rr~r - w~r 110 to a minute. 220 REGULATIONS. A Dotted Crotchet equal Time for the Troop, $c. to 3 Quavers, -P P ^ ^ pr f ; One step to a bar, and or 6 Semiquavers. - - #1 g^tttf: 5T 80 to a minute. Dotted Crotchets equal te £==*=: Quick Time. to 6 Quavers. f ~f~f~ ~f ~f ~f 2 steps to a bar, and 110 to a minute. A Minim equal ^ - - Double Quick Time. to 2 Crotchets » -f ; 2 steps to a bar, and or 4 quavers. -f ' ' f f t ~\ 140 to a minute. t 2 10 REGULATIONS. No 1. The General. 80=*» t dtttt rt rt rt rt 80=»« f f f No. 2. The Assembly. f r f f f ^ : T=F :z =F^ 3=5: £=£ -p — p — p- ffffff rfffff f ^^W W E m^ I No. 3. To Me Colour. Drum, f t 1 1 t t f t t f f f r f f f f iVb. 4. The Lone Roll. 222 REGULATIONS n No. 5. Common Time. 90=d r f f f f f f f |gmkHS|iE§t^pp^ 4 r f f r f f EEE No. 6. QmcA; TVwe. ffffffffr rf -] pr-[— pi 1 pi 1 pi 1 pi 1 p. ( pi — j— ' No. 7. Tfte Reveille. 140=#. Fife. H^^n^^n^ q Drum. t r r r r r X ■? T # » » r ? ' * • t r r r • • m \ i r r • ' ~ i ' •T r r [ 1 5 7 7 223 12 REGULATIONS. P=F P-grv BE -!— f- S ai ^^, ? — ~~w i \ ¥W5=¥=^ 7 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 3 7 SI fht P3I ^r=& r r r r • r r r mm I ^=F=F==P=e 7 7 7 7 7 7 I 60=« # Slow Scotch. §^ I ^Ur &c. fe-U^4 4f5F= s? 7' 120=£3 Austrian. r -e-# — -r s^ acfe * » 9~g- ^ jrrzczz d d d dddddddd 224 ^ FF^= W~0~WMIMIMZ9 MS REGULATIONS. 13 140=* * Hessian. e 17 --^ riflc rirFtm Double Draj dd dd dd dd r\ u u u u u u __^i u Drum. T^rW 60=*'. Dutch - ^ ^Effi «££ :CC i r d 4t^9- ^g :^z ^EjEE^ F^ Urum. r t r t r r r r#z=i=: J |^gO_0 Quick Scotch. &c. D. C. The first part of the Reveille. B 225 14 REGULATIONS. ■ Fife. No. 8. The Troop. *=?=¥> M±L _32 r^ -& p p Drum, r i 80=#< m i^^p ^F -f— T -|^ f t :»~p~f" laze: ^~?" v-p 1- p * *» 2V&. 9. 77*e iZefrea?. ^H= SSI Drum. r I I 1 110=* i i • - \j -r — 1 ' # • s m m 1 ~ »*ff 1 ^_#*> r -p ■ i i # -* i i r i i i - 1 i i — -^ [ m d t t Volti. g — Wl 226 REGULATIONS. 15 ^^^^mm ^^m t d t t d t t d t t d d =P=F= £ehe?=?=?=; =Eeff : fcj =t-f-h-+i =a m rzncn I tfm^A^ ■f-f-Pnr- =^rif-ri * ft d t t d t t d t t d d t t P^S^ SEEf £=£ d t t d t t d ^ : F= r =! g^EE^ 2=^ I 227 16 REGULATIONS No. 10. The Tattoo. 80=* Fife. # r- ^gS^ff I Drum, dftdt d rf t d * F I 1 1 F ^EE : F=¥ $± i s ^=izij^=t=g=E m: m t d t m?m^ i Fine. UO=* Quici Time. I £ 1 f After the quick time begin the doubling 228 REGULATIONS. 17 90=0 Common Time. After this repeat the doubling. Dutch. L^8 li — : . . - 14 0-* Double Quick Time. m wmwmm i After the three rolls repeat doubling to the fine. U 229 18 REGULATIONS. No. 11. To Recall Detachments. 1^ B d t t_ t t t d t t t IS ■5~ — p^p — w ?~? — >~? — ?~~? ?~s» — ?~?~ No. 12. Drummer's Call. No. 13. Come for Orders. First Sergeants. /Qk -P— f-f t t t t 3 times over. ¥ESTP ~n r Sergeants. 3 rimes over. Corporals. 230 3 times over. m^ REGULATIONS. 10 No. 14. '17ie Boll. ? * * ^ — rr -> > No. 15. Double Quick Time. 140=«! f f f f f f fe f r r r r iFHF SSfeL^ Plfefe ffff f fffff y>" ^ # r 1 iVo. 1G. .Run. 160= f f r r f isiii "i" 4 231 20 REGULATIONS. No. 17. Halt. «*-*f f f f f f f r f f f f ffiMrtr^-E-H i : ■ I 1 1 ■ i ■ ' 1 i ■■■ r a f f f j-i ¥=F 2Vb. 18. 3£zrcA m Retreat. 100=« te f f f f f f :p g g^^ • 1 i ' E f f f f f f I 1 i =F=F=F :» # =c j=^ :*_-_«zir: iVb. 19. Commence Firing. ioo=* I f f f f f f f f f f f f f ^ ~f r f g E= ZMZSZK. V — P — P — P" 232 ~w-w~rnr REGULATIONS. 21 SOUNDS FOR THE BUGLE, APPLICABLE TO INFANTRY'S MARCH. No. 1. The General. 140=0 Presto llPigpSSlSlii mm ^m^m mmm I S& S=? g§i ffig^§Ei 333E3=s: iVo. 2. 7%e Assembly. 80=# o i r -f-f+H~- cT i I 1 1 m \ 1 j 1 1 i i . —i i-lll — SEPEEEF 1 gS :^=c -rsrm-mo- -(— P- ^=C ^M ^B U2 233 22 REGULATIONS SO=S m lEHEc ■-p-r- No. 3. To rte Colour. .»_«_«_#- +-F -^t-FFF^ fe^S^I^^B^S i^P^ii^^^ DC. iVb. 4. Common Tiine. 90-d *T^ fy— *= -f-^ f--r -fff-W- r/V- fc^tJ L i |T « | H 1 L^ ^F ^ y^h -^r S3 1 # -f^T^ isa: ss li :-fct =ES= s^s- s r^3 I ^ w E^ FT-^- ?w+-c- ^m i — — — I 234 REGULATIONS. 23 No. 5. Quick Time. S-H — i — i— i— i— i— 1-t: J»_ 3 P3 EEFFF^-HE^i ttS3# £^-» H=H F4=P= EFgEFEf^B "rn 1 — r "GET * — r~i — rr ZZOL sa 1 ; iiii^= M. G. 77/fi Reveille. HO- ^^^S^gj^ [? GET^ =F=^ ^^SE 3 S =^=^ i^H ^ttq^B^i DC. 235 24 REGULATIONS. No. 7. The Retreat. 7G-* r ~*Y — !"^— 1 T ~7=i ■9=1- EE^z S"^=^3=P=I U'-i- u :«. ^_ iVo. 8. 7%e Tattoo. 90=0 : f z i=F=T -r-^- BEES 3— — t^Fr-F i ^e:e^^3 4-^- ^ •? »3 ^ » — r# r Bf agff teH^S SHtf :33? ^-#-»- i^E 10 3 C 3tttt3EizfaL S3E » •;* p - Hi ^^ >rs ^? r r ■ 1 * ' / 1 1* 1 1* * # 1 II 1 -i-^I g=KT-H^ M— IpH- =M - b ' ^ -P— <* 238 REGULATIONS. 27 No. 14. Forward March. 160=#. < *_ -f— *=^h- 1 g^PH^^Hl^iligiy "I pr No. 15. .Haft iVb. 16. March in Retreat. ioo=J. S ^ t=#i i y-jr-g- d£ gp^i^ss No. 17. Commence Firms;. too=<=>» t-t— i — sj — i — r— i — s^r-t- hTH rr^j — r~ tt No. 18. Cease Firing ioo=#. lf=EE i i i n K 239 28 REGULATIONS. No. 19. March by the Right Flunk. S^ "I — w = E-FF ^=^ £gzjzj-j^ =ETP x F?i a 1G0=rs ; and add such exercises as he may think proper, con- cluding with ORDER— ARMS. The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the com- manding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers, and command — First Sergeants, to the front and centre. March. At the words front and centre, the sergeants named will shoulder arms as sergeants, march two paces to the front, and face inwards. At the word march, they will inarch to the centre and halt. The Adjutant will then order — Front-face. Report. At the last word, each in succession, beginning on the right, will report the result of the roll call previously made on the company parade. The Adjutant again commands — First Sergeants, out- ward-face. To your posts-march ; when they will resume their places and order arms. The Adjutant will now face to the commanding officer, salute, and give the result of the first sergeants' reports. The commanding officer then di- rects the orders to be read, when the Adjutant will face about, give the words, attention to orders — and then read the orders. The orders having been read, the Adjutant will face to the commanding officer, salute, and report, when, on an intima- tion from the commander, he will face again to the line, and announce, the parade is dismissed. All the officers will now return their swords, face inwards, and close on the Ad- jutant, the field officers on the flanks. The Adjutant gives the words — Front-face. Forward-march ; when they will march forward, the music playing, and when within six paces of the commander, the Adjutant will give the word halt. The officers will then salute the commanding officer, by raising the hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have communicated to them such instructions as he may have to give, or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers disperse, the First Sergeants will close the 247 36 PART IV. REGULATION:?. ranks of their respective companies, and march them to the company parades, where they will be dismissed, the band continuing to play until the companies clear the regimental parade. All company officers and men will be present at dress parades, unless especially excused, or on some duty incom patible with such attendance. Guard Mounting. Thirty minutes before guard mounting, a call will be sounded for the men warned for duty, to turn out on their company parades for inspection by the First Sergeants, su- perintended by an officer of each company. Ten minutes after, a second call will be sounded for the duty men to re- pair to the regimental or garrison parade, conducted by the First Sergeants. Each detachment as it arrives, will take post on the left of the one that preceded it, under the direc- tion of the Adjutant, in open order, arms shouldered, and bayonets fixed ; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear of the men of their respective companies. If the guards are intended for the grand parade, they will be marched thithei by the senior officer of the details, where they will take post in the order prescribed above, under the direction of the general staff officer, or his assistant, the Adjutant of the day. The following regulations respecting mounting guards, are drawn up with reference to the grand parade ; with a few obvious variations, they will equally apply to regimental or garrison parade. The ranks being opened, the officers of guards will take post twelve paces in front of the centre, in one line, accord- ing to rank, and with swords drawn : the Sergeants in one rank, four paces in the rear of the officers, and the Corpo- rals in one rank, four paces in the rear of the Sergeants ; the whole facing to the front. The Adjutant of the day will dress the lines, count the files, verify the details by reference to the written orders, and tell off the guards, whilst the general staff officer ap- points the officers and non-commissioned officers to the seve- ral guards, and designates the posts which they are to occupy. The staff officer will then command — officers and non 24S FA.RT IV. REGULATIONS. 37 commissioned officers. About-face. Inspect your guards. March. The commander of each guard then commands — Order-arms. Inspection of arms. The two highest in the rank of each guard will divide the ranks between them, ac- companied by the other officers, and inspect accordingly. During the inspection the band will play. The inspection ended, the officers and non-commissioned officers will take post in their respective guards, as though each guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review ; at which time, also, the officers of the day will take post in front of the centre of the guards : the old officer of the day on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. The staff* officer will now command — rest, troop-beat off: when the music, beginning on the right, will beat down the line in front of the officers of the guards to the left, and back to its place on the right, where it will cease to play. The staff* officer continues, — Attention. Shoulder-arms. Close order-march. Prcsc?rt-arws : at which he will face to the new officer of the day, salute, and report " the guards are formed." The new officer of the day, after acknow- ledging the salute, will give the necessary instructions to the staff officer, who will cause the same to be executed, the staff* officer giving the word of command. The guard having shouldered arms and performed such exercises as may be required by the officer of the day, the staff* officer will again command, — By guards {or platoon.) Right wheel — march. Pass in review. Column-forward, guide right-march : when the whole will march past the officer of the day, according to the order of review, conducted by the staff* officer, marching on the left of the first division ; the Adjutant of the day on the left of the last division. When the column has passed the officer of the day, the guards will break off under their respective commanders, and take the route to the several posts assigned them, the staff* officers breaking off* at the same time ; the music will cease, and the old officer of the day salute, and give the old or standing orders to the new officer of the day. The super- numeraries at the same time, will be marched by the First Sergeants to their respective company parades and dismissed. Guards which are assigned to new posts will be conduct- 249 38 PART IV. REGULATIONS. ed to, and established in them by the officer of the day and the staff officer detached from head quarters for the purpose. The officer of the day will always be present at guard mounting. No other officer, except a general officer, will interfere with, or give any order on the parade to the staff officer on duty there. The commander of the troops or gar- rison, though under the rank of General, is of course an exception to this rule. The regiment that furnishes the Adjutant of the day will also furnish the music for the grand parade. Officers on all duties under arms are to have their swords drawn, without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. Relieving Guards and Sentinels. The guards in camp and garrison will be relieved every twenty-four hours. The guards at the outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner; but this must depend on their distances from camp, or other circumstances which may sometimes require their continuing on duty several days. In such cases they must be previously notified to provide them- selves accordingly. The guards are to move in the greatest order to their respective posts, marching by platoon when the roads will permit. The officer of the old guard, having his guard paraded, on the approach of the new guard, commands — -present- arms. The new guard will march past the old guard, at slioul- dered arms, officers saluting, and take post three or four paces on its right, and in a line with it, where its officer will command — present-arms. The two officers will then ap- proach each other, and the relieving officer take his orders from the relieved. Both officers will then return to their re- spective guards, and command — shoulder-arms. The officer of the new guard will now direct his Sergeant to make a list of the guard, dividing them into three reliefs, and proceed himself to take possession of the guard-house, or guard-tent, and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard ; he will note every new injury which may have been committed, and, on his report, the relieved officer will be held responsible, 250 PART IV. KKGULATIONS. 39 The officer of the old guard will have prepared for the signature of the officer who relieves him, an inventory of the property or articles in charge of the guard, and also a roll of the prisoners with their offences annexed. The first relief having been designated, the officer of the new guard will order it two paces to the front, when the Cor- poral of the new guard will take charge of it»and go to re- lieve the sentinels, accompanied by the Corporal of the old guard, who will take command of the old sentinels when the whole are relieved. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants are to be em- ployed as well as the Corporals, in relieving them. During the time of relieving the sentinels, and of calling in the small posts, the commanders of the two guards, will, when near the enemy, visit the avenues leading to the post ; the old commander giving to the new, all the information which he may possess relative to the position of the enemy. A relief, with arms supported and formed in two ranks, will march by a flank, conducted by the Corporal on the side of the leading front-rank man. The sentinels at the guard-house or guard-tent will be the first relieved and left behind ; the one most distant will be next relieved, and the others in succession, as the relief re- turns to the guard. When a sentinel sees the relief approach, he will face to it and halt. At six paces the Corporal will command — relief- halt : when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Cor- poral will then add « No. 1," or " No. 2," or " No. 3," ac- cording to 4 the designation of the sentinel — arms-port. At this word the two sentinels will arms port, and approach each other, when the old sentinel, under the direction of the Corporal, and in his hearing, will whisper the instructions to the new sentinel. This done, the two sentinels will shoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass in quick time to his place in rear of the relief, the new sentinel facing the relief. The Corporal will then command — relief, support-arms. Forward— march : and the relief proceeds in the same manner until the whole are relieved. A relief is always to be marched in the greatest order, at support-arms ; and if an officer approach, the Corporal is to order his men to carry-arms, supporting them again when 251 40 PART IV. REGULATIONS. the officer has passed. The Corporals are to be answerable that the sentinels, when relieving, perform their motions in the greatest spirit -and exactness. The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having rejoined it, it will take up its march, the music of both guards beating a march, except at the out-posts, where the music is prohibited. The old guard will march along the front of the new guard with shouldered arms : the new guard at present- ed arms ; officers of both guards saluting. On arriving at the camp or post, the commander of the old guard will, if it consist of detachments of different regi- ments, send each detachment to its own regiment, under an officer or non-commissioned officer ; unless the officer of the day should be present to inspect the old guard, when he will the men to their several regiments, under their re- spective officers. In either case, the pieces of the men will be drawn or discharged at a target, before the men are dis- missed. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his guard to stack their arms, or to place them in the arm-racks. The commanding officer of the sruard will then make him- self acquainted with the written, general, and particular in- structions for his post ; next visit his sentinels, to ascertain if the instructions they have received be correct ; and ques- tion the officers and non-commissioned officers under him relative to the instructions they may respectively have re- ceived from the corresponding persons of the old guard. Method of going and receiving the-Grand Rounds. The General and other officers of the day, will visit the several guards during the day, as often and at such hours as they judge proper. When the sentry before the guard perceives the officer of the day approach, he wiil call the guard to turn out, when it will parade, and at the proper time salute him with pre- sented arms. The officer of the day will examine the guard ; see that none are absent ; that their arms and accoutrements are in order ; that the officers and non-commissioned officers are acquainted with their duty ; and that the sentinels are pro- perly posted and have received proper orders. 252 PART IV. REGULATIONS. 41 The officer of the guard shall give the parole to the officer of the day if demanded. The officers of the day will go the grand rounds after 12 o'clock at night. When the officer of the clay arrives at the guard whence he intends to begin his rounds, he will make himself known as such, by giving the officer of the guard the parole. He will then order the guard under arms, and having examined it, demand an escort of a Sergeant and two men to proceed to the next post. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Ser- geant will answer, grand rounds; and the sentinel will reply, stand grand rounds ; advance, Sergeant, with the counter- sign. Upon which the sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry, advance, rounds ; and present arms till they have passed. When the sentinel before the o;uard challenges and is an- swered, grand rounds ; he will reply, stand, grand rounds ; turn out the guard, grand rounds. Upon which the guard will be turned out and drawn up in good order, with shoul- dered arms, the officers taking their posts. The officer com- manding the guard, will then order a sergeant and two men to advance towards the rounds and challenge. When the Sergeant of the guard comes within ten paces of the rounds, he will halt and challenge briskly. The Sergeant of the rounds is to answer, grand rounds. The Sergeant of the guard replies, stand, grand rounds ; advance Sergeant, with the countersign ; and orders his men to present arms. The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone and giving the coun- tersign returns to his rounds; and the Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer, the countersign is right ; on which the officer of the guard calls, advance, rounds. The officer of the rounds then advances alone, and on his approach, the guard presents arms. The officer of the rounds passes along the front of the guard immediately to the officer, who keeps his post on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and demanding a new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards. All general officers, as well as the commander of the post or garrison, may visit the guards and go the grand rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the dav. W 253 42 PART IV. REGULATIONS. Guards — their Use and Duty. The principal guards are, 1. Outposts and picket guards. 2. Camp and garrison guards. 3. General officers' guards. The outposts and picket-guards are formed from the line, and composed of cavalry or infantry, or both, according to circumstances. They are posted on the avenues leading to the camp, and in such positions as are most eligible for its security. Their strength is regulated by a variety of con- siderations, such as proximity to the enemy, and the nature of the position to be guarded. The duties of the outposts are so various that they will usually require detailed instructions according to circum- stances ; the following directions will, however, apply gene- rally, and are most strictly to be observed. All out-guards march off without trumpets sounding or drums beating. They pay no compliment of any kind, neither do their sentries take any complimentary notice of officers passing near their posts. The men on advanced pickets are to carry their provisions with them, ready cooked, when circumstances permit. The cavalry to carry sufficient forage for the time they are to be out. Officers commanding out-guards are to send guides or orderly men to the field officer of the day, or to the staff officer of their own brigades, as circumstances may require, in order to conduct the new guards and to carry such com- munications as may be necessary. When the army is on a march, they must apprise the staff officer of the brigade of the situation of their posts, as soon as they arrive at them. Whenever detachments are composed of 200 men or up- wards, a Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon is to be sent with them. On particular duties the attendance of a Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon may be requisite with smaller detach- ments. Detachments of cavalry of fifty^or upwards must be attended by a Farrier. As soon as an officer commanding an outpost or advanced picket arrives on his ground, he must, by a careful recon- noisance, make himself acquainted with not only the space he actually occupies, but the heights within musket shot ; 251 PART IV. REGULATIONS. 43 the roads and paths leading to or near the post, ascertaining their breadth and practicability for cavalry and cannon, and ensure a ready and constant communication with the adjoin- ing posts and videttes, by signals during the day — by patrols during the night. He should examine all ravines that might cover the approach of an enemy, and all the points from which he is most likely to be attacked. This will prevent all surprises, and should he be assailed during the night, en- able him to act with promptness and decision. An intelligent officer upon an outpost, even without in- trenching tools, may materially strengthen his post. A tree felled with judgment, brushwood cut to a certain distance, pointed stakes, about breast high, placed on the point most assailable, may be attended with the greatest advantages, and can be effected with the common hatchet, or axe, with which the soldiers are provided for the purpose of cutting fire-wood. Unexpected obstacles, within point-blank musket shot of the place attacked, embarrass and discourage an enemy ; and an officer who is on the defensive, should multiply them with- in that distance as much as possible. Guards are not to presume to molest any persons coming to camp with provisions, and are, on no account, to exact or receive any thing for their free passage. When a deserter comes in from the enemy, he is imme- diately to be sent, under a proper escort, to the officer com- manding the outposts, who, after ascertaining from him such facts as relate to his own post, will immediately forward him to head quarters. The videttes or sentinels on outposts are to be placed so as to best observe the approach of the enemy, and at tne same time, communicate by signal with each other and with their respective posts. At night, or in thick weather, they will be doubled. Officers, soldiers, and followers of the camp, are not, on any account, to be suffered to pass the outposts, unless they are on duty, or present a regular permit from head quarters. Persons bearing a fag of truce from the enemy, are to be treated with attention and civility ; but, as communica- tions of that nature are frequently designed to gain intelli- gence, and for reconnoisance, the most strict and efficacious means must be adopted to frustrate such consequences. 255 44 PART IV. REGULATIONS. The camp and quarter guards are for the better security of the camp, as well as for preserving good order and dis- cipline. Every regiment will furnish a camp and quarter guard. The camp guard to consist of one Lieutenant, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one drummer, and twenty-seven privates ; and the quarter guard, of one Corporal and nine privates. The camp guard of the front line will be posted four hun- dred and twelve feet in front of it, and that of the second line, the same distance in the rear of the second line, each opposite to the centre of the regiment. Each camp guard will post nine sentinels, viz. two before the guard, two on the right, and two on the left. These six sentinels, with those from the other regiments in the line, form a chain in the front and rear of the camp ; two sen- tinels before the colours and arms, and .one before the mar- quee of the commanding officer of the regiment. To complete the chain of sentinels around the camp, the Adjutant General or staff officer at head quarters, will order two flank guards to be detailed from the line, to consist of a commissioned officer and as many men as may be necessary for that purpose. The intention of the camp guards being to form a chain of sentinels around the camp, in order to prevent improper persons entering, or soldiers going out of camp, the com- manding officers of brigades will add to, or diminish them, so as to answer this purpose. The quarter guard is to be posted twelve feet in the rear of the line of wagons, and will furnish three sentinels, viz. one at the guard, and one behind the centre of each wing of the regiment. General officers' guards are to be furnished by their re- spective commands; that is, for the General commanding-in- chief, by the line, each brigade furnishing it by turns ; and will consist of such number and description of troops as shall be determined at head quarters. The guard of a Major General, is one subaltern, one Ser- geant, one Corporal, and twenty privates, to be furnished by his own division, each brigade furnishing it by turns. The guard of a Brigadier General, is one Sergeant, one Corpora], and twelve privates, to be furnished by his own brigade. 256 PART IV. IlKftULATlONS. 45 Besides these guards, there shall be such others as may be found necessary for the protection of supplies in the Com- missariat's and Quartermaster's department, and also for the preservation of order at the hospitals. All guards are to mount at the same hour, which will be regulated by the commanding officer. The camp and quarter guards, are to parade before the centre of the regiment, where they will be formed by the Adjutant ; or, in his absence, by the officer of police, and sent off immediately to their respective posts. The guards of a Major General and a Brigadier General, are to be formed by the staff officer attached to the brigade, and sent from the brigade parade. The other guards, including that of the General-in-Chief, being composed of detachments from the line, by brigades, each detachment is formed on the brigade parade by the staff officer attached to the brigade, and sent with an Adju- tant or other commissioned officer, to the grand parade. All guards, except those which are honorary, should or- dinarily be of force proportioned to the number of sentinels required, allowing three reliefs to each post. In garrison, the number of guards depends on the extent of the fortress or post to be defended, and the strength of the garrison. The principal guard will be denominated the main guard ; and the lesser guards will take the names of the points to be guarded, as the arsenal guard, port guard, barrier guard. Officers commanding guards at the ports, are to cause the bridges to be drawn up or the barriers to be shut, on the ap- proach of any body of armed men, of which they are to give notice to the main guard, and are not to suffer any of them to enter the garrison without leave from the com- mandant. It is the duty of officers on all guards, to inspect all re- liefs of sentinels, both when they go on, and come off, their posts ; to call the rolls frequently, and, by every means in their power, to keep the men under their command in the most perfect state of vigilance and preparation. They will be responsible for the security of the prisoners and property committed to their charge ; and it will be their duty to sup- press all riots and disorders, and, in case of fire, to give the alarm and be instrumental in extinguishing it. They are W2 257 46 PART IV. REGULATIONS. also watchfully to superintend the conduct of the non-com- missioned officers, taking care that they are correct in the performance of their duty : that they maintain a proper autho- rity, and prevent any species of irregularity among the men. They must particularly ascertain that 4he Corporals them- selves are well informed with respect to the orders they are to deliver to the several sentinels, whom they must frequently visit, to be assured that they know their duty, and have re- ceived the proper instructions. Officers commanding guards, when going to visit their sentinels, are to mention their intention, and the probable time of their absence, to the next officer in command. The officers are to remain constantly at their guards, ex- cept while visiting their sentinels ; nor are they to enter any house or place of public amusement. Neither officers nor soldiers are, on any account, to take ofT their clothing or accoutrements while they are on guard ; but are always to be in their uniform, fully equipped for the service. No non-commissioned officer or soldier is to quit his guard without leave, which is to be granted only upon particular occasions, and to very few at a time. If water or other necessaries are wanted for the guard, they must be sent for at a time when the sentinels are not relieving, by a non- commissioned officer and some men, with their arms, if at an outpost. At every relief, the guard must parade for roll call and inspection, and remain formed until the relief returns. A patrol, consisting of an officer, (if there be more than one on guard,) a non-commissioned officer, and a file of men, will be sent out as often as may be deemed necessary, to see that the sentinels understand their orders, to make observa- tions, gain information, and apprehend suspected persons. All reliefs and patrols will be conducted with the strictest silence, and on their return the non-commissioned officer will report to the officer of the guard every thing material that has transpired during their absence. During the day the men may be permitted to rest them- selves so much as is consistent with the safety of the guard ; but, in the night, no man must be suffered to lie down or sleep, on any account, but have his arms constantly in his hands, and be ready to fall in on the least alarm. 258 TART IV. BKOULATIONS. 47 The officer who mounts the camp guard, must give orders to the sentinels not to suffer any person to pass in or out of camp, except by one of the guards ; nor then, till the officer of the guard has examined him. During the day the sentinels on the outposts must stop every party of men, whether armed or not, until they have been examined by the officer of the guard. No sentinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. A sentinel must take the greatest care not to be surprised. He must keep himself on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within his sight or hearing. He must never quit his arms, but move about briskly and without speaking. He must not suffer himself to be relieved, except by the Cor- poral of the guard, or some superior of his guard. If a dis- order take place, he must call out, the guard ; and if a fire break out, he must cry, fire. If, in either case, the danger be great, he must discharge his firelock before calling out. A sentinel, placed over the colours or arms, must suffer no person to touch them, except by order of some officer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If placed over pri- soners, he must suffer no person, except an officer, or a non- commissioned officer of his guard, to converse with them : nor must he permit the prisoners to leave their places of con- finement. The sentinel at the guard-house or guard-tent, when he sees any body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliment, approach, must call, turn out the guard. The officer of the guard must see that the countersign is - duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twilight ; to enable him to do which, he must be furnished, by the officer of the day, with the parole and countersign before retreat. Immediately after receiving the countersign, and until re- veille, the sentinels must challenge all who approach them. No sentinel must suffer any person to advance nearer than the point of his bayonet until he has received the counter- sign, placing himself in the position of arms port for that purpose. A sentinel in challenging, will call out — who comes there? If answered— -friend, with the countersign, he will reply — advance friend, with the countersign. If answered — relief, 259 48 PART IV. REGULATIONS. patrol, or grand rounds ; he will reply — 'halt, advance, Sergeant, (or Corporal) and give the countersign, and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the counter- sign, or if the persons have not the countersign, he will call — Corporal of the guard. In case one of the guard desert, the officer must imme- diately change the countersign, and send notice thereof to the officer of the day, who is to communicate the same to the other guards and to head quarters. Though the regulations dispense with guards turning out as a matter of compliment, after sunset, this is by no means to prevent sentinels, when officers in uniform approach their post, paying them a proper attention, by standing steady, with carried arms, facing to their proper front ; nor is this to be discontinued until the evening is so far advanced that the sentinels begin challenging. When a fire breaks out, or any alarm is raised in a gar- rison, all guards are to be immediately under arms ; the barriers are to be shut, draw-bridges drawn up, and so con- tinue until the fire is extinguished, or the alarm ceases. The officer of the guard will send to the officer of the day, at guard-mounting, by a non-commissioned officer, a report of his tour of service, according to the form on the opposite 260 PART IV. REGULATIONS. 49 Report of a Guard, mounted at , on the , and relieved on the . Parole. CD 1 o o »3 § El c O | "8 O 7 3 c CD be & be < Articles in Charge. Countersign. Detail - - 1 1 List of the Guard. £ Reliefs, and when posted. Where Posted. Remarks. 1st Relief, from 10 to 12, and 4 to 6. 2d Relief, from 12 to 2, and 6 to 8. ~M Relief, from 2 to 4 & 8 to 10. i 2 3 4 5 This column will con- tain the remarks of the officer of the guard ; such as— the time the guard was visited by the officer of the day ; and an ac- count of every material circumstance that has transpired during the tour. List of Prisoners. 6 Names S o o Confined. Charges. Sentences Remarks. When. By whom. 1 2 3 4 A. B. f ! 5 y Comman ding the Guard. 201 50 PART IV. REGULATIONS. The officer of the day, immediately after being relieved, will add to the guard report such remarks as circumstances require, and present the same at head quarters. An officer is not to be placed in charge of a guard, tiil he is sufficiently acquainted with his duty. For the purpose of instruction, young officers are to be put on duty as super- numeraries, with senior officers, from whose advice and ex- ample they may be expected to obtain a knowledge of their duty. ORDER OF ENCAMPMENT. Infantry. — (See Plate 1.) The troops are on all occasions to be encamped in the or- der of battle. The front of the camp will occupy the same extent of ground, as the troops when drawn up in line, according to their established formation. The intervals between the bat- talions will be forty-four feet. The companies will encamp in streets, perpendicularly to the line ; one-half of the tents on each side of the streets, facing inwards. The width of the streets will depend on the strength of the companies. The distance between each tent will be two feet ; the distance between the tents of one company and those of another, four feet. Thus, a regiment of six hundred men will occupy a front of six hundred feet each, allowing for each file two feet This front will be divided as follows: — First, deduct forty feet for the main street leading through the centre of the camp to the Colonel's or commanding officer's marquee ; there will then remain five hundred and sixty feet, to be di- vided among the companies on either side of the main street ; and if there be ten of them, each company will be allowed a front of fifty- six feet. The following will be the dimensions of a camp for a re- giment of six hundred men : Front, 600 feet. Depth, 810 feet. Feet. From the front of the line of company-tents to the chain-sentinels of the first line, 500 262 PART IV. REGULATIONS. 51 This space to be subdivided as follows : Feet. From the front line of company-tents to the stacks « of arms, drums, and colours, 20 Thence to the regimental parade, 60 Thence to the sinks of the men, 320 Thence to the front of the officer of guard's tent, . . 60 Thence to the chain of sentinels, 40 From the first line of company-tents to the front of the company officers' tents, 140 This space to be subdivided as follows : From the front of the company officers' tents to the company kitchens, 30 Thence to the front of the company-tents, 110 From the front of the company officers' tents to the front of the tents of the field and staff, 40 Thence to the kitchens of the officers and tents of sutlers, 40 Thence to batmans' tents, 16 Thence to horses and baggage- wagons, 20 Thence to officers' sinks, 30 Thence to the quarter-guard, 12 Thence to the chain of sentinels, 12 The tents of all the officers will face towards the front ; those of the Captains will be placed on a prolongation of the line of the right flanks of the companies, and those of the subalterns on a prolongation of the line of the left flanks ; the Colonel's or commanding officer's marquee in the centre of the main street ; the Lieutenant-Colonel's opposite to the centre of the right wing ; the Major's opposite to the centre of the left wing ; the Adjutant half-way between the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel ; the Surgeon half-way between the Colonel and Major ; the Quartermaster on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonel, half-way between his position and the flank ; the Assistant-Surgeon on the left of the Major, half- way between his position and the flank. The non-commissioned staff to be encamped on the pro- ongation of the lines of tents, and in a line with the compa- 263 52 PART IV. REGULATIONS. ny kitchens, on each side of the main street, facing from the street. The Sergeants of companies to occupy a tent on the right of their companies, In the front line. The Corporals to be distributed among their respective squads. The company kitchens will be placed, those of the right wing, on a line with the right of the companies ; those of the left wing, on a line with the left of the companies. The sinks will always be hid from public view, by encir- cling them with bushes or other blinds ; a portion of the earth dug out of them ought every day be thrown in to co- ver the filth, should the troops remain encamped on the same ground any length of time. When the army encamps in two lines, the second line will be formed eight hundred feet in rear of the first. The camp-guards of the second line will be the same dis- tance in the rear that they are in front, in the first line ; and also the sinks of the men. Cavalry. — (See Plate 2.) The cavalry will encamp by squadrons, each squadron occupying the same front that it does when drawn up in the order of battle, with the same intervals being preserved be- tween the squadrons. Two companies constitute a squffdron. Each company of a squadron pitches its tents in one row perpendicularly to the front, facing inwards. The horses of each company are picketed in a line parallel to the tents, with their heads to- wards them. Each horse, so picketed, will require about five feet ; the depth of the row will depend on the number of horses in the company. The tents will be pitched at equal distances from each other, so as to allow space between them respectively, for the forage of the horses belonging to the men of the respective tents. The tents of the Sergeants will always be pitched at the head of the row, and on the line of encampment. The distance between the Sergeant's tent and the adjacent tent, will be double the distance be- tween the" other tints, so as to allow for the forage for the Sergeants' horses, and those of the men in the next tent, and thus rendering it unnecessary to place the forage of the last tent in the row, on the side of the kitchens, where it might be exposed to fire. 264 TART IV. REGULATIONS. 53 Each company of sixty mounted dragoons, will occupy a front of ninety feet, which will be divided as follows : * Feet. For pitching a horseman's tent, 9 From front poll of tents to pickets, 12 From pickets to the edge of the dung, 18 Breadth of the dung, 6 A squadron of two companies will occupy a front of 180 feet, so that there will be between the dung of each compa- ny, a street of 90 feet. If a company encamp by itself, it will observe the same rule, except that it will be formed in two rows of tents, in- stead of one. If there be an odd company in a squadron, or with the regiment, it will encamp in the same manner as is directed for the other companies of the squadron ; that is, in one row, and facing towards the company next to it, whether it be on the right or the left, preserving a distance equal to its front when in line. The horses of the rear-rank are always to be picketed next to their file-leaders. The horses of company officers are to be picketed in a line with the company horses, on the flank towards the offi- cers' tents. The non-commissioned staff will encamp in a line with the field and staff. The horses of the field and staff are to be picketed in the rear of their respective tents. The remainder of the encampment, including guards, bag- gage, sutlers, kitchens, batmen, and sinks, will conform to that of the infantry. Artillery. — (See Plates 1 and 2.) The artillery will encamp in such positions as may be se- lected by the commander of the troops to which it may be attached, who will always take into consideration the pro- tection proper to be afforded from the line, as well as the facility with which it may get into position, in case of an at- tack : but batteries which form a part of the order of battle, will encamp upon the same line with the troops. Mounted artillery will encamp according to the order for the cavalry, and foot-artillery according to the order for the infantry. X 265 PI. 1. PART IV REGULATIONS. ORDER OF ENCAMPMENT FOR A REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. Chain of Sentinels -id m~- Camp Guard. ! 13 i O Men's Sinks, c ! i i i '-.)<- — Line of Colours and - Regimental Parade Ground. • i*&. Front line of Company Tents. 56 || 56 || 56 gg 56 g 40 | M gg 56 gg 56 gg gB II II 1 § i| BB BB IB Hi BB ea BB bb E3 S3 QB QQ Company Kitchens. Q] Q] B B O O fTon Commissioned Staff. Company Officers BB Sll D B EB EiS Field ! and D B ; B Officers' Kitchens SB BB ID DO 8 8 4 o ■ * Tents gWe.ns.g 8 Sinks, a 266 PART IV. REGULATIONS. pj ., our » noumvn fok _ TW o souadrons op oavalrt. ►---•O-'-.-O- f E]- — j Camp Guard. • : b • ***"•"■ *• Men's SiflJu.^.o—.-o. — . i : I • i i •-"O-™* Parade » „_ . m,mi~m ,„I _9£°. nn<1 ' B : j: Pj !: (i| j; L* 'I H° ii bfjj Nil Front Una or | IH ;! id ! E i j *EJ Company Tents. ' jiH IU.EJ "Jrj Hi; Hi N ! ,'j Ml ; i i' i ! !| Li! •- u. .Jj^ PI Company (H El U "Company" "g] ^|J" Ql Kitchens. - H ^--S-^ B f---»^....s £ . •' ..... V P "U""6ffl c 'e"r;"""1]""^| ( u — -* , M Horses and 31 , — "-»o o /, T 1 i O I Offlcere.Sink " the same compliment as is ordered for the Colonel. ^ PART IV. REGULATIONS. 57 To the Secretary of State, Treasury, War, and Navy Departments, and other members of the Cabinet ; to the Chief Justice the President pro tempore of the Senate, and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, and to Governors, xvithin their respective States and lerntories—the same honours will be paid as are specified lor a Major-General commanding in chief. The colours of a regiment passing a guard, are to be sa- luted with the utmost respect, the trumpets sounding, and the drums beating a march. When two regiments meet on their march, the regiment inferior in rank is to halt, and form in parade order, and sa- lute the other regiment, which proceeds on its march, with swords drawn and bayonets fixed, trumpets sounding or drums beating standards or colours flying, until it has clear- ed the front of the regiment which has halted. When guards present their arms, the officers, on all occa- sions, salute with their swords. When general officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass in the rear of a guard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. ' When general officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are Jo sa- lute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer or the whole. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties an- proach their posts ; and to parties commanded by commis- sioned officers, they are to present their arms, drums beating a march, and officers saluting. S Sentinels will present arms to all general and field officers and to the officer of the day ; to alf other officers they wil carry arms. y No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid be- ZlTds Tetreat and r€Veille > exce ^ as Prescribed for -grand Sergeants, with swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a recover-with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike the musket°near the ri'ht shoulder. Corporals out of the ranks will carry their mus- kets at a shou der, as Sergeants, and salute in like manner. When a soldier without arms, or with side arms onlv X2 269 58 PART IV. REGULATIONS. «««*« -,n officer he will continue to move on, but he is to a suitable acknowledgment to the compliment.thus received. Salutes. The President of the United States alone is to receive *S£Zti&* is defined by the number of States composing the Union, at the rate of one gun for each State. The Wee President is to receive a salute of twenty-one gU The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the N J£na7 Government f the Major-General command lng ^ army; the Governors of States and Terntor.es, within their respective jurisdictions— seventeen guns. A Major-General, fifteen guns. A Brisadier-General, thirteen guns. A general officer will be saluted but once ,n a year at each post and only when notice of his intention to v.s.t the post ^Satoestlndividuals are to be fired on their arrival only. A national salute will be fired at meridian, on the anniver- sary of the Independence of the United States, at each mil.- tary post and camp. Escorts of Honour. aS SSS» 8 and escorting the personage is "Clscort will be drawn np in line, the centre opposite to J£££Z the personage J— «— *S^ £ terval between the wmgs to rece „e the perso „ a r tiDUe ' „ e n to hl hV a .E ra Whe. h hS Sen his place in iT^twiiotewdl 'be wheeled into platoons oreomp, PART TV. REGULATIONS. 59 nieg, as the case may be, and take up the march. The same ceremony will be observed, and the same honours paid, on his leaving the escort. When the position of the escort is at a considerable dis- _ance from the point where the personage is expected to be received, as for instance, where a court-yard or wharf inter- venes, a double line of sentinels will be posted from that point to the escort, facing inwards, and the sentinels will suc- cessively salute as the personage passes. An officer will be appointed to attend the personage escort- ed, to bear such communications as he may have to make to the commander of the escort. Funeral Honours. On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the President of the United States, at any post or camp, the commanding officer shall, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half-hour, beginning at sunrise and end- ing at sunset. When posts are contiguous, the firing will officer Qt P ° St ° nly commanded b y. the superior On the day of the interment of a Major-General com- manding m chief, a gun will be fired at every half-hour unM the procession moves, beginning at sunrise. I he funeral escort of a Major- General commanding in chief shall consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. That of * Major-General, a regiment of infantry, a squad- ron of cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. # That of a Brigadier-General, a regiment of infantry, one company of cavalry, and two pieces of artillery. That of a Colonel, a regiment. That of a Lieutenant. Colonel, six companies. That of a Major, four companies. That of a Captain, one company. That of a Subaltern, half a company. The funeral escort shall always be commanded by an of- ficer of the same rank with the deceased ; or if none such be present, by one of the next inferior grade. The funeral escort of a non-commissioned staff officer shall consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a Ser- geant. 271 60 TART IV. EEGULATIONS. That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. That of a Corporal, of twelve rank and file, commanded by a Corporal ; and That of a Private, of eight rank and file, commanded b\ a Corporal. The escort will be formed in two ranks, opposite to the quarters or tent of the deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets fixed ; the artillery and cavalry on the right of the infantry. On the appearance of the corpse, the officer commanding the escort will command — -present-arms ; when the honours due to the deceased will be paid- by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appropriate air, and the coffin will be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The com- mander will next order — Shoulder— arms. By company (or platoon)-left wheel-march. Column-forward, guide right- march. The column will be marched, in common time, to appro- priate music ; and, on reaching the grave, will take a direc- tion so as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the column is opposite the grave, the com- mander will order — Column-halt. Right into line-wheel — march. The coffin is then brought along the front, and the com- mander then orders — Present— arms ; and when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds — Shoulder-arms. Order-arms. Rest. After the funeral service is performed, and the coffin is lowered into tile grave, the commander will order — Atten- tion. Shoulder- arms. Load in quickest time. Load ; — when three rounds of small arms will be fired by the escort, taking care to elevate the pieces. ' This being done, the commander will order — By company (or platoon), right wheel-march. Column forward, guide left, quick-march. The music will not begin to play until the escort is clear of the enclosure or burying-ground. COLOUR ESCORT. When a battalion turns out under arms, and the colour is wanted, one of the flank companies in its turn, or if hoth be 272 PART IV. REGULATIONS. 61 absent, a battalion company, other than that of the colour will be put in march to receive and escort the colour. The march will be in the following order, in quick time, and without music :— the drum-major and field-music, fol- lowed by the band ; the escort in column, by platoon, right --1 front, with arms shifted to the right shoulder, and the co- lour-bearer between the platoons. Arrived in front of the tent or quarters of the Colonel the escort will form line, the field-music and band on the right, and arms will be carried. The moment the escort shall be in line, the colour-bearer preceded by the first lieutenant, and followed by a sergeant of the escort, will go to receive the colour. When the colour-bearer shall come out, followed by the lieutenant and sergeant, he will halt before the entrance • the escort will present arms, and the drums will beat to the colour for half a minute, when arms will be shouldered and the escort will break into column by platoon ; the colour- bearer will place himself between the platoons, and the lieu- tenant and sergeant will resume their posts. The escort will march back to the battalion to the sound of music, in quick time, and in the same order as above. Arrived at the distance of twenty paces from the battal- ion, the escort will halt, and the music cease; the Colonel will place himself six paces before the centre of the battalion the colour-bearer will approach the Colonel, by the front, in quick time ; when at the distance of ten paces, he will halt ; the Colonel will cause arms to be presented, and to the co- lour to be played, which being executed, the colour-bearer will take his place in the front-rank of the colour-o-uard, and the battalion, by command, will shoulder arms. The escort, field- music, and band, will return in quick time to their several places in the line of battle, marching bv the rear of the battalion. ° The colour will be escorted back to the ColonePs tent or quarters, in the above order. REVIEW. A battalion being in the order of battle, the Colonel will command— Battalion, prepare for review. To the REAR OPEN ORDER-MARCH 273 62 PART IV. REGULATIONS. At the word march, the field and staff officers dismount ; the company officers and the colour-rank advance four paces in front of the first rank, and place themselves opposite to their respective places in the order of battle ; the staff officers place themselves on the right of the rank of company offi- cers, according to their relative rank, one pace from each other ; the music advances through the centre, and forms in two ranks — the band, if there be one, in front, between the colours and the line ; the colour-guard replace the colour- rank ; the Quartermaster-Sergeant and the Sergeant-Major on the right of the front-rank of the battalion. When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will command — front, and place himself eight paces, the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major two paces, in front of the rank of company offi- cers, and opposite to their respective places in the order of battle. A camp colour is to be originally placed eighty or one hun- dred paces in front of the centre of the battalion, where the re- viewing officer is supposed to take his station ; and although he may choose to quit that position, still the colour is to be considered as the point to which all movements and forma- tions are relative. When the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty paces distant, the Colonel will command — present-arsis. The men present arms, and the officers salute, so as to drop their swords with the last motion of presented arms ; the music will play, and all the drums will beat, according to the rank of the reviewing of- ficer. The colours only salute such persons as, from their rank and by regulation, are entitled to that honour. The Colonel will next command — shoulder— arms, when the men will shoulder, and the officers recover their swords with the last motion. The reviewing officer will then go towards the right, the whole remaining perfectly steady, without paying any fur- ther compliment, while he passes along the front of the bat- talion and proceeds round the left flank and along the rear to the right. When the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the battalion. While the reviewing officer is proceeding to place him- self in the front, the Colonel will command — close order- s' i PART IV. REGULATIONS. 03 march when all persons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in the order of battle ; the field and staff officers mounted. The reviewing officer having taken his position near the camp colour, the Colonel will command— by company RIGHT WHEEL-MARCH. PASS IN REVIEW. COLUMN, FOR-' ward, guide right-march. The battalion will break into column of companies, right in front, and the column will bo put in motion; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading company; the Lieutenant-Colonel on a line with the leading company ; the Major on a line with the rear company ; the Adjutant on a line with the second company ; the Sergeant-Major on a line with the company next to the rear ; each six paces from the flank opposite to the review- ing officer; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of precedency, four paces in rear of the column; the music, preceded by the principal musician, six paces before the Colonel ; the pioneers, preceded b V a Corporal, four paces before the principal musician ; and the Quartermaster- bergeant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in a line with the pioneers. All other officers and non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads well to the tront in passing in review. an Jsa e iutfn7* bearer ^ ^^ '" the mnks whiIe P assi «S Points will be fixed by the Adjutant for the several wheel- 3 l^'K T n ? '' S ° that , their ri § ht flanks > in niarching past, shall be only four paces distant from the camp colour where it is supposed the reviewing officer places himself to receive the salute. rank^ C ° 1Umn ^ ^^ P&St * COmmon time > with closed The music will begin to play just after the leading com- pany has made the second wheel ; it will M'heel to the left out of the column, and take a position opposite to, and fac- ing, the reviewing officer, and will continue to play until the rear of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease to play and follow in the rear of the battalion. The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they 64 PART IV. REGULATIONS. arrive within six paces of him, and recover their swoids when ten paces past him, without in the least altering the rate of march. All officers in saluting, will cast their eyes towards the reviewing officer. The Colonel, when he has saluted at the head of the battalion, will place himself neai the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will join the battalion. The colour will salute the reviewing officer when within six paces of him. When the colour salutes, the drums will pay the prescribed compliment. When the rear of the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will command— guide left. The column will proceed on the alignment until it shall have arrived at the point where its head or right is to be placed, when the Colonel will command— column, halt. Left into line wheel-march. It will then be wheeled into line, and placed in the order of battle. ' When the line shall have been formed, the Colonel will cause the battalion to perform such exercises and manoeu- vres as may be required by the reviewing officer. The review will terminate by bringing the troops into line opposite to the reviewing officer, ranks opened, and the whole saluting as at the beginning. When two or more battalions are to be reviewed, they will be formed in parade order, with the prescribed intervals, and will perform the same movements that are laid down ior a single battalion, observing the additional directions that are o-iven for such movements when applied to the line. 1 he Bricradier and his staff, on foot, will place themselves oppo- site* the centre of the brigade; the Brigadier two paces in front of the rank of Colonels ; his aid on his right, one pace retired; and the other brigade staff officers, those having the rank of field officers, in the rank of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors : and those below that rank, in the rank of company ° ^passing in review, a Major-General will be four paces in front of the Colonel of the leading battalion of his divi- sion ; and the Brigadiers will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading battalions of their brigades; staff officers on the left of their Generals. Upon occasions when the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may, at his option, cause them to^marcn PART IV. REGULATIONS. 05 past in quick time, in order to save time. Upon these occa- sions the mounted officers only will salute. A number of companies less than a battalion, will be re- viewed as a battalion ; and a single company, as if it were with the battalion. In the latter case, the'company w i I pass in- offi^ P t0 ° nS ' accordin S t0 the order of the review! The review of cavalry or artillery, mounted, or with R;^ cond r ed on the same **«*■■* -^T g If d ' ff e«?ice of organization, and the words of com- mand appropriate to the respective arms INSPECTION. The inspection of the troops will generally be preceded by lntZ eW tk prGSent GXampIe embrace s a battalion of in- 1 k ' r 6 , ms P ectin § omcer ™t the field and staff officers \viii oe on toot. WIlT™ batt f a ! ion u be ; n ? in the order of battle, the Colonel n Lnt uT b n eak ; nt °,° Pe I! C ° lLlmn 0f companies, right n fiont. He will next order the ranks to be opened, when fr^faZtrh an H d , C ° l0Ur " gUard WiU takG P° St * en P aces * front and the band ten paces in rear of the column. Ihe Colonel, seeing the ranks aligned, will command— OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, TO THE FRONT of your companies-march. The officers will form them! ^rl l L° tte ™ nk l el $ ht paC6S ' and the non-commissioned officers in one rank, six paces, in advance, along the whole ironts of their respective companies, from risht to left, in the order of seniority ; the pioneers and music . As the Inspector passes the companies, they will succes siveiv under the orders of their respective Captains, repack and reslinc knapsacks, resume their arms, and file off to their tents* or quarters; except the company that is to re escort the colours, which will wait the further orders of the C 1n n a e n extensive column, some of the rearmost companies may, after the inspection of dress and S^ral appearance be permitted to stack arms, until just before the Inspector PAKT IV. REGULATIONS. 6? EESZ&SR** wi " ta *— to '« fe «*»■ s J wiSir^Lvs bein , g end i d - the faM •*» gazine, arsenal, quarters 7 su, eTf '° ^ J^*"* ma " such other places as he mav 7h? nt P ' g uard " ho "^. and Captains an'd subaherns ^^IZVl "^ V? companies and sections respeSy ° H ' S V ' S " S t0,heir spector the word JE£ "ll te ^TT ° f - the '"- comm.ssioned officer present when ,t 7 u , Sen,or non - with the hand, withoufunco^rnr "" ""^ Wi " Sa,Ute .he'nLloToTthVSrter lh e e of P"?,^"-*"* ° f and table utensils,\nd SU ch other oh" :" d beddin S> «*** themselves,- and afterwards thetxter^r' 5 """'P"**" at the Adjutant office „!?'■ °' e '° gether ' generally not o«herwt a ;a S rt i°c^ e ri; n e m ; n oy P e T enCe ° f a " ,be ° ffic - tenants of sections oneZ/wXesLvT'^ " nd L J eU " regard to his company or section r^ZZ'"^ '" Will also make a thorough inspection^ f£ .7" ■ S , ur S eo "s Satin-day morning ° lns P ectlon of their hospitals every to !£5£rJf S2 o eque t nl visi lf wi " be ™ de d -'X 69 PART IV. REGULATIONS. CALLING OUT THE MILITIA FOR THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES. Whenever detachments of militia are called into the ser- vice of the United States, by any offieef authorized to make such call, the number of officers, non-commissioned officers-, and privates, will be stated in the requisition, and the pro- portions between them will be the same as is prescribed by the act of Congress. Requisitions will never be made tor companies, regiments, or brigades. Such detachments as are called or received into the ser- vice of the United States, will be mustered before they shall be considered in service, by an Inspector-General, or some other officer of the regular army, to be designated by the of- ficer requiring such militia aid. It shall be the duty of the officer designated, to muster and inspect militia detachments, to organize them into companies, battalions, and regiments, and to forward muster rolls of each company, and of the field and staff of each organized regiment, direct to the Adjutant-General of the army, Wash- in^ton ; and he will also immediately forward a consolidated return, by regiments and corps, of the force so received into service, for the information of the War Department. Officers charged with the duty of mustering militia, pro- perly ordered into the service of the United States, prepara- tory to payment, will take care that the muster rolls contain all the information that may in any way affect their pay : the distance from the places of residence to the place of ren- dezvous or organization, and the date of arrival, must be stated in each case ; the date and place of discharge, and the distance thence to the place of residence ; all stoppages for articles furnished by the government, must be noted on the rolls, and in cases of absence at the time of discharge of the company, the cause of absence must be stated. When the necessary information cannot be obtained, the mustering of- ficer will state the cause, otherwise he will be held accounta- ble for the defect. . . No general staff officers will be mustered or received into ' service, except such general officers, with their aides-de- camp, as may be required to complete the organization ot brigades or divisions, where the strength of the detachments renders such organization necessary. PART IV. REGULATIONS. flO, All supernumerary officers will be rejected, and the or ganization of each detachment will correspond with the acts of Congress regulating the m j| itia# Payments will, in all cases, be made by the Paymasters of the regular army, and only upon rolls which shall have ZndhX ■ bee / 1 r^ 1 ^ t0 the ^y^ster-General, and ions nil Ta f m COnfbrmit y with law, and the regula- tions of the department. ° MANNER OF ISSUING AND DISTRIBUTING ORDERS. Orders are either general or special. Genera! orders is Orient h6 ^ d "TT ° CZ a ™^ are SdflSS £lr? Th other head quarters, they are simply styled aToften , 7 "V* ° rderS ° f the da y' and "e 'published as often as circumstances may render it necessary. Thev pres n o C f e f he e H°t r K ly t hOUr ? at head ( ' uarters ' ^.ime and march ? f ' he d' st "°""°n°f supplies; thetime and order of m™,^' i U u ° f the dlfferent beats and signals, of guard tTons of" 8 ' a " d th t assemblia g of detachments; the refula- ions of -police ; the strength and composition of guardsfand he periods of their relief; the number andgrade! of Order hes ; the appomting of general courts martitl, courts of in quiry, boards of officers, and their sentences and opinions he °Z meDdat, T'- ° r animad versions which the conductor ttcukr n P ^ may el ' C1 S aS weU as ex hortations suitable to par- ticular occasions; and m general, every occurrence proper to be communicated to the troops or others interested. Special orders, are such orders as do not relate to the serv.ee m general. They have reference to particular ob? jects and individual, only. They need not, therefore be [he office ° K he Wh ° le , army ' ° r to the wh ole' command of d»,l lf n V 'T 68 ] hem - Besides the P articul « indivi- eve tl SUCh ^^ may be Sent direct - 'hey are, how- ever to be communicated, as a matter of course, to Colonels, or other commanders whom they interest. Orders are to be numbered-^emZ orders, in one sc nes-speczal orders, in another. Each series fti „ n armv army corps division, or brigade, in the field, will commence and termmate with a campaign. In departments, regiment? 281 70 PART IV. REGULATIONS. companies, and garrisons, they will commence and terminate with the year. The parole, and countersign, or watchword, are issued from the head quarters of the highest in command. They are in the nature of orders, but are neither general nor special. The parole is imparted to such officers only, as have a right to visit the guards,' and to make the grand rounds; and to the officers commanding guards, by which they are ena- bled, at night, to recognise the grand rounds. No person under the rank of commissioned officer, is entitled to re- ceive it. The countersign, or watchword, is given to such persons as are entitled to pass and repass during the night, and to the officers, non-commissioned officers, and sentinels of the guards. The object of this word is to prevent improper per- sons, or those not authorized to pass the chain of sentinels, from either entering or going out of camp or garrison, and to guard against surprise. The head of the order will indicate the source from which it. emanates, as well as the place and date, and the foot of the order will cite the name of the commander who gives the order. The orderly hour having been fixed at each head quarters, the staff officers will either attend in person, or send their assistants to obtain the orders of the day : the chief of the staff for an army-corps, to general head quarters : the chief of the staff of a division, to army-corps head quarters : the chief of the staff of a brigade, to division head quarters : the Adjutant of a regiment, to brigade head quarters : the First Sergeants of companies, to regimental head quarters 282 THE END.