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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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 SEE PAGE 17 
 
 Buffalo Scales. 
 
 
 UF^\U 
 
 UO 
 
 W 
 
 ATLANTA EXPOSITION 
 1895. 
 
Buffalo, 
 
 The Commercial, Industrial, Shipping, 
 Convention and Electrical Center. 
 
 THE above diagram accurately indicates the relative posi- 
 tions of Buffalo and the leading cities of Canada and 
 the United States, east of the Mississippi River. The rules 
 printed between Buffalo and those cities represent an air 
 line from point to point, on a scale of 320 miles to the inch. 
 Buffalo's central position for lake, canal and railroad traffic, 
 for manufacturing and every branch of commerce and for 
 convention purposes, can be comprehended at a glance. 
 
Buffalo Greets the South 
 
 Mitb a Synopsis 
 
 HISTORY, ATTRACTIONS, ADVANTAGES, INSTITUTIONS AND FACTS 
 
 CONCERNING HER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, PREPARED 
 
 FOR DISTRIBUTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
 
 EXHIBIT REPRESENTING HER 
 
 MATERIAL INTERESTS, 
 
 Cotton States and International Exposition, 
 
 ATLANTA, GA., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec, 189^, 
 
 BY 
 
 RICHMOND C. HILL, 
 
 it 
 
 Under the supervision of a committee appointed for that purpose by the 
 city of Buffalo, comprising 
 
 R. R. HEFFORD President Merchants' Exchange, 
 
 C. W. BETTS President Lumber Exchange, 
 
 JOHN HUGHES, President Live Stock Exchai 
 
 H. SCHAEFER President Builders' Exchange, 
 
 S. S. KINGSLEY, President Real Estate Exchange, 
 
 A. D. GAIL, President Produce Exchange, 
 
 who will be pleased to furnish any further information desired. 
 
 TMI MATTHIWl-MOBTMBUPCO., COUPLET I AAT-MlMTINi WOtKI, lUFF'tO, 
 
 1 -.3. I 
 

The City of Buffalo — 1895. 
 
 (Copyright, 189s, by R. C. Hill.) 
 
 PROGRESSIVE PEOPLE are not prone to crying over what has been 
 A termed " the spilled milk of history," and those most interested in the 
 prosperity and development of the thriving city of Buffalo care very little 
 for the facts and romances associated with her pioneer days. 
 
 It may, however, be of especial interest to the closet student to know, 
 and to the "oldest inhabitant " to recall, the fact that a hundred years ago 
 the site of the city was a small trading post, or trappers' settlement, and that 
 in 1795 one Baron La Rochefoucault Liancourt remarked, in memoirs of 
 
 INSIDE THE BREAKWATER. 
 
 this then primeval region, that "at the post on Lake Erie there is a small 
 collection of four or five houses." It may also be of passing interest to 
 some to know that at the beginning of the nineteenth century the Holland 
 Land Company had acquired a considerable portion of the site by purchase, 
 
and, in arranging to lay it out in town and village lots, named it New 
 Amsterdam. The surveys were completed in 1804, and the first lot, contain- 
 ing half an acre, was sold for $135. The young village throve, was duly 
 incorporated April 2, 1813, and, on December 30th, the same year, was 
 destroyed by British troops and 
 their Indian allies, who crossed the 
 river at Black Rock. Only two 
 houses escaped the flames, and 
 they served as a nucleus around 
 which grew up a colony which, in 
 1832, from a village, became the 
 city of Buffalo. The origin of the 
 name " Buffalo " has been the sub- 
 ject of much discussion, and has 
 never been determined or even sat- 
 isfactorily explained. The writer 
 here ventures the suggestion — for the first time now made — that it is 
 derived from the French words " Boeuf-et-l'eau." The sound certainly fits, 
 if the application does not, and even the application is a fitting one, as the 
 French voyageurs and missionaries who wandered this way with Lasalle and 
 
 A GRAIN ELEVATOR. 
 
 iil 1 i 
 
 kv 
 
 ill 1 fe ^Jaftf 
 
 - 
 
 Mm 
 
 mitt tf UriHir'I^^^^^B 
 
 LOADING TRESTLES. 
 
Hennepin in the seventeenth century saw plenty of water and undoubtedly 
 encountered bisons in great numbers. 
 
 The new city grew slowly but surely for some forty years, but it was not 
 until about two decades since that a variety of influences brought about the 
 commencement of an era of remarkable development and a rapid swelling 
 of the population that has continued, with compound interest, ever since. 
 The old Arab proverb "It is not what my father was but what I am" 
 should, in these matter-of-fact days apply to this city, " It is not what 
 Buffalo Was, but what she Is and what she Will Be ? " 
 
 We will not venture the grandiloquent prophesy that she will in a few 
 years outstrip Chicago in size and importance, or outrank New York as the 
 
 w 
 
 COAL DOCKS. 
 
 commercial, in- 
 dustrial and ar- 
 tistic center of 
 Western Hemis- 
 phere civiliza- 
 tion, but will give 
 
 a few facts as to her present condition that will suggest to the reader of 
 ordinary judgment and passing common sense the probabilities of her 
 future municipal greatness, based upon her remarkably favorable location 
 as the natural gateway, by land and water, between the East and the great 
 West and the fast developing Northwest, upon her possession of the great 
 electric power supply derived from the current of Niagara River, her beauti- 
 ful environments and her unquestioned healthfulness. 
 
 Among the first considerations affecting Buffalo's progress and pros- 
 perity is her position as a great railroad center. She has the largest railroad 
 
yard facilities in the 
 world, participated in 
 by twenty-six great 
 railroad corporations, 
 which own 660 miles of 
 track and over 3,600 
 acres of land. The 
 passenger and freight 
 traffic resulting from a 
 continuous employ- 
 ment of these facilities 
 is necessarily enormous. 
 Almost of equal im- 
 portance is the lake 
 
 A CORNER IN THE PARK. 
 
 A PARK DRIVEWAY. 
 
 traffic. Because of her peculiar 
 location at the portals of the chain 
 of great lakes Buffalo receives a 
 large share of the commerce of 
 those lakes, to the extent annually 
 of something like 9,000,000 tons, 
 and this, be it remembered, during 
 a season of about eight months 
 only. 
 
 To the railroad and lake traffic 
 should be added that of the Erie 
 canal, which is a very important 
 factor in the commercial activities 
 
 VIEW OF THE RIVER FROM THE FRONT. 
 
of Buffalo. Over 6,600 boats are 
 employed in the canal traffic, for 
 which the electric trolley system 
 will soon be used. 
 
 In direct association are the 
 grain elevators, coal trestles, 
 stockyards, ore docks, lum- 
 ber and ship yards, wharves, 
 warehouses, storage rooms 
 and depots. The operation of all these 
 are on a truly prodigious scale as some 
 of the official figures show. In 1894 
 the receipts of grain were in the neigh- 
 borhood of 200,000,000 bushels, and dur- 
 ing the same period about 4,300,000 tons 
 of anthracite and 2,300,000 tons of bitu- 
 minous coal were handled. In 1894 the 
 live stock received here included 4,880,550 
 hogs, 3,092,300 sheep, 79,410 horses, and 
 842,000 head of cattle. It is difficult to 
 estimate the amount of money invested, 
 and the number of people em- 
 ployed in handling this vast 
 amount of business. They repre- 
 sent a very large total. 
 
 Some idea of the manufactur- 
 ing enterprises of Buffalo may be 
 gathered from the figures of the 
 last U. S. Census, which showed 
 that 3,559 establishments reported 
 in 1890, representing 176 indus- 
 tries, employing $67,867,154 in 
 capital ; $24,617,408 was paid in 
 wages to 49,998"hands. The cost 
 of the materials used was $51,162,- 
 770, and the value of the product 
 $96,448,654. 
 
 Since 1890 a very large in- 
 crease has been made and a num- 
 ber of very important industries added. The lead- 
 ing industries of Buffalo are railroad-car building, 
 car wheels, foundry supplies, agricultural imple- 
 ments, anilines and dyes, soap, boots and shoes, 
 clothing, flour, furniture, engines and boilers, 
 cement paving, cast iron pipe, ship building, 
 
 PARK GLIMPSES. 
 
electrical plant and appli- 
 ers, dredging,wood working 
 ical and dental instruments, 
 
 ,, ifi i 5£\ 
 
 fT-\ 
 
 jptffli 
 
 .JT ST HiA 
 
 
 *' -A- 
 
 NEW POST-OFFICE AND GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 
 
 ances, breweries, forges and blow- 
 machinery, bridge building, surg- 
 lumber, leather and rubber belt- 
 ing, shirts, cigars, school furniture, 
 and a variety of others. 
 
 The financial 
 institutions of Buf- 
 falo include 21 
 banking establish- 
 ments with assets 
 of over $41,000,- 
 000. The clear- 
 ings at the Buffalo 
 Clearing House in 
 1894 footed up 
 
 The last United 
 States census, in 
 
 SSfflE 
 
 -fftii 
 
 • firi 
 
 nil 
 
 1890, gave Buffalo a population of 278,796. A police 
 census of the city very carefully taken in May, 1895, gave 
 a result of 335,705, quite a respectable increase in four 
 years, and undoubtedly a very conservative estimate. 
 
 The post-office receipts for the year ending February 
 28, 1895, were $650,956.69, as compared 
 
 with $337,45 2 -5 2 ^ l88 4- 
 
 The assessed valuation of city prop- 
 erty (for the collection of a tax, for 
 1895, of $15.40 per $1,000) is 
 $234,652,460 ; actual value 
 $350,000,000. 
 
 The courteous reader will 
 gladly admit that these are 
 very favorable figures con- 
 cerning the commerce, manufacturing and finan- 
 ces of Buffalo, " But," he will ask, " what can 
 be said of the city in regard to its desirability 
 as a place to live in ? What is its climate ? Is 
 it healthful ? What residential 
 recommendations has it ? " 
 
 These very natural and proper 
 questions a Buffalonian may answer 
 with justifiable pride. The climate 
 is similar to that of other lake cities 
 in the same latitude. Its health 
 
 CITV AND COUNTY BUILDING. 
 
 STATE HOSPITAL. 
 
MUSIC HALL. 
 
 ratio is abnormally 
 good, as it ranks in 
 the very front rank 
 among the great cities 
 of America. It has 
 plenty of well ar- 
 ranged and conveni- 
 ent residences, excel- 
 lently located, very 
 accessible and suit- 
 able for all classes at 
 reasonable rents. Its 
 streets are remark- 
 ably clean and are 
 well lighted. Two 
 hundred and ten 
 miles of the streets 
 are paved with 
 asphalt. All parts of 
 the city are easy of access by a complete system of electric trolley cars 
 and by the Belt Line of the New York Central Railroad. The fare for 
 a trip on each of these is only five cents, no matter what the distance 
 traveled may be, and transfers are granted on the trolley cars in a most lib- 
 eral manner. There are about 140 miles of street railways in the city, and 
 connections are conveniently made with suburban points outside the city 
 limits. Manufactured gas and electricity are used for illuminating purposes, 
 as also is natural gas to some extent, but this latter is largely used for heat- 
 ing and cooking purposes. 
 
 The water supply is taken from Lake Erie, and is of the purest quality 
 and practically unlimited in quantity, the pumping station having a capacity 
 of 200,000,000 gallons per day. The rates for illuminating gas, natural 
 gas, electric lighting and water are all very reasonable, and the service in 
 each case is admirable. The public school system is an excellent one, and 
 a great majority of the 60 odd schoolhouses are modern and conveniently 
 
 arranged. There are plenty of good 
 churches of all denominations, and 
 the city is well supplied with theatres, 
 music and concert halls and well 
 regulated places of amusement, not 
 to mention singing society rooms and 
 club houses. There are numerous 
 hospitals and charitable institutions ; 
 a large and flourishing Women's 
 Educational Union, a well-equipped 
 erie county savings hank buildino. *. M. C A., a splendid Public 
 
C. A. BUILDING. 
 
 Library, a Law and other libra- 
 ries, a Historical Societ)', a So- 
 ciety of Natural Sciences, a fine 
 Masonic Temple, numerous fra- 
 ternal and beneficial societies, a 
 well organized Board of Trade 
 and Merchants' Exchange, Build- 
 ers' Exchange, Real Estate Ex- 
 change, Produce Exchange, 
 Lumber Exchange, Live Stock 
 Exchange, a fine Driving Park 
 and Exposition Hall, several 
 base-ball and athletic grounds, 
 two regiments of National 
 Guards, and several companies 
 of U. S. infantry are always 
 quartered at Fort Porter. The 
 public park system is one of the 
 finest in the world, and embraces over 1,000 acres of parks, parkways, 
 boulevards, lakes and drives, and there are a number of charming nearby 
 rural resorts and fishing and hunting grounds. 
 
 Niagara Falls is reached in a half an hour's ride by rail, or by a delight- 
 ful river excursion, and an electric trolley line connects the great cataract 
 city with Buffalo. In 
 summer also a Tally-Ho 
 coach line will be op- 
 erated. Among other 
 places famous as health 
 and pleasure resorts 
 within easy distance of 
 Buffalo are Chautauqua 
 Lake, Silver Lake, Port- 
 age Falls, Rock City, 
 Kinzua Bridge, the 
 Bradf ord-0 lean oil 
 fields, Toronto, Lewis- 
 ton, Queenston, and 
 many delightful places 
 on the shores of Lake 
 Erie and along Niagara 
 River. 
 
 In regard to the 
 municipal government, an admirably arranged manual compiled by City 
 Clerk Hubbell says : " It is at all times a liberal one, and fosters enter- 
 prise and encourages the advent of the stranger. Its unwritten policy has 
 
 BUFFALO CLUB. 
 
STAR THEATRE. 
 
 always been founded upon the lines 
 indicated by the great statesman who 
 wrote, ' That governs best which gov- 
 erns least.' No income is derived by 
 the municipality from many lines of 
 industry heavily taxed in other 
 places. Unreasonable 
 sumptuary laws are not 
 enforced by the police 
 1 1 Uil I authorities, and such 
 
 i], regulations alone are 
 
 operated to secure pa- 
 ternally the greatest 
 good to the greatest 
 number. The city 
 works under an amend- 
 ed constitution, which 
 became a law in 1892. It was framed by a committee of citizens represent- 
 ing the best of Buffalo's business, social and political life. This model 
 instrument provides for a Board of Aldermen, representing the 25 wards. 
 This body originates all legislation in the city government. All action 
 taken thereby is inoperative unless approved by the Board of Councilmen. 
 This body is distinctively a board of review, and above it stands the chief 
 executive, the Mayor." 
 
 By reason of its location, its railroad facilities, its many attractions, and, 
 last but not least, because of its superior hotel accommodations, Buffalo is 
 an ideal convention city. The leading hotels are the Iroquois, the Niagara, 
 the Genesee, the New Tifft House, the Broezel, the Stafford, the Mansion, 
 the Arlington, the Continental, and Greuner's (German). Buffalo has 
 numerous halls suitable for the purposes of large conventions. 
 
 It is an ideal tourists' headquarters ^ and the veritable 
 
 Paradise for summer visitors. Above j**^.,. all, in a commercial 
 
 sense, as an industrial 
 center by reason of 
 its most desirable lo- 
 cation and the prox- 
 imity and availability 
 
 (TATE ar-f NAI., 6STII REGIMENT N. 
 
* M 
 
 — n_33 Si t •; — i -|-| 
 
 ^~;_M«. «»ai "Fl B9 in "» 
 
 ~.< ff — m~ 
 
 if 
 
 MORGAN BUILDING. 
 
 MASONIC TEMPLE. 
 
 »H ' 
 
 f I R 1HII1 >[ Ff W 
 
 of unlimited electric power, and every other 
 manufacturing requirement Buffalo has no 
 equal on the continent. Its furnaces, fac- 
 tories, mills and workshops are the focus 
 of unlimited supplies of iron ore, copper, 
 lumber and other staples of the leading 
 industries of the world. Its manifold 
 
 
 JJ 31 33 n ii : : 
 
 
 " , '■ " ' ' ■ • 
 
 *€sLiL 
 
 ELLICOTT SQUARE BUILDING. 
 
 merits, municipal and otherwise, fairly en- 
 title the city to the attention it is attract- 
 ing all over the civilized world. 
 
 
 .j j 
 
 fan .^L^v^ W*i*. 
 
 W 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 GUARANTY BUILDING. 
 
 " Welcome " is the sign over her 
 portal, and her latch string always 
 hangs out. 
 
 Richmond C. Hill. 
 
SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AND BUFFALO LIBRARY — LAFAYETTE SQUARE. 
 
 m^Mwm 
 
 
 MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 13 
 
Buffalo Summarized. 
 
 Commercial. — Enormous lake, railroad, and canal traffic ; substantial banking institutions, 
 enterprising and well governed business exchanges, fine office buildings. 
 
 Industrial. — Reasonable taxation, low price coal, admirable shipping facilities, convenient 
 sites, cheap transportation, unlimited water supply, and electric power, the most ad- 
 vantageous manufacturing and exporting center in the United States — (see Railroaa 
 distances at bottom of this page. 
 
 Residential. — A cleanly, healthful and well governed city ; a complete electric street rail- 
 way system, 210 miles of asphalt paved streets, abundance of shade trees, magnificent 
 public parks, comfortable and tasteful residences at low prices, or fair rental, unlim- 
 ited and pure water supply, natural gas for cooking and heating, gas and electric 
 street lighting, complete police and fire protection, excellent public schools and 
 churches for all denominations, asylums and hospitals. 
 
 For Visitors and Conventions. — Ample hotel accommodation, good halls, excellent 
 theaters, club houses, a delightful summer climate, parkway drives, lake and river 
 trips. Niagara Falls, Chautauqua Lake, Silver Lake, Oil Regions. 
 
 BUFFALO OFFICIALS (1895). 
 
 Mayor, . 
 City Clerk, . 
 Chief of Police, 
 Police Justice, . 
 
 Edgar B. Jewett. 
 Mark S. Hubbell. 
 . . W. S. Bull. 
 . . T. S. King. 
 
 Health Physician, . 
 Supt. of Education, 
 Postmaster, . 
 
 Dr. Ernest Wende. 
 Henry P. Emerson. 
 Howard H. Baker. 
 
 Chief Fire Department, B. J. McConnell. 
 
 President Board of Aldermen, R. K. Smither ; President Board of Councilmen. J ames Ash. 
 Board of Public Works: Geo. S. Gatchell, James Mooney, C. G. Pankow. 
 
 BUFFALO ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange — R. R. Hefford, President; Wm. Thurstone, Secretary. 
 
 Builders' Exchange — Henry Schaefer, President ; J. C. Almendinger, Secretary. 
 
 Bankers' Association — Pascal P. Pratt, President; W. C. Cornwell, Secretary. 
 
 Lumber Exchange — C. W. Betts, President; C. W. Baldy, Secretary. 
 
 Produce Exchange — A. D. Gail, President ; J. J. White, Secretary. 
 
 Live Stock Exchange — John Hughes, President ; Sprague Kerr, Secretary. 
 
 Real Estate Exchange — Spencer S. Kingsley, President; Clark L. Ingham, Secretary. 
 
 Street Railway Co. — Henry M. Watson, President; H. H. Littell, Gen I Manager. 
 
 miles. 
 
 298 Albany, 
 
 1010 Atlanta, 
 
 400 Baltimore, 
 
 499 Boston, 
 
 516 Chicago, 
 
 183 Cleveland, 
 
 427 Cincinnati, 
 
 321 Columbus, 
 
 1548 Denver, 
 
 231 Detroit, 
 
 1379 Duluth, 
 
 378 Grand Rapids, 
 
 fare. 
 
 $ 6.15 
 22.85 
 10.00 
 10.65 
 
 i3-5o 
 5.00 
 
 12.25 
 9-i5 
 
 3 6 -75 
 7.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 10.40 
 
 )AD, 
 
 AND FIRST-CLASS FARES, FROM BUFFALO. 
 
 miles. 
 
 FARE. 
 
 MILES. fare. 
 
 318 
 
 Harrisburg, . 
 
 $ 8.44 
 
 270 
 
 Pittsburgh, . . $ 5.40 
 
 466 
 
 Indianapolis, 
 
 13-50 
 
 70 
 
 Rochester, . . 1.38 
 
 1003 
 
 Kansas City, 
 
 26.00 
 
 2940 
 
 San Francisco, . 70.50 
 
 601 
 
 Milwaukee, . 
 
 " 16.05 
 
 727 
 
 St. Louis, . . 19.25 
 
 925 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 25.00 
 
 918 
 
 St. Paul, . . . 25.00 
 
 988 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 30.50 
 
 123 
 
 St. Thomas, . . 3.90 
 
 410 
 
 New York, . 
 
 8.00 
 
 24 
 
 Suspension Bridge, .59 
 
 443 
 
 New York rate 
 
 
 151 
 
 Syracuse, . . . 2.98 
 
 
 via N. Y. C, 
 
 9- 2 5 
 
 291 
 
 Toledo, . . . 8.25 
 
 22 
 
 Niagara Falls, 
 
 •55 
 
 105 
 
 Toronto, . . . 3.15 
 
 1005 
 
 Omaha, . . 
 
 26.25 
 
 204 
 
 Utica, .... 4.04 
 
 308 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 9- 2 5 
 
 440 
 
 Washington, . 11.20 
 
 14 
 
Niagara Falls. 
 
 POETS and prose writers of the highest rank have 
 made the great cataract of the Niagara River 
 k the theme of most superlative literary efforts, 
 but hitherto even the inspired use of words 
 have fallen short of depicting the wonderful 
 waterfall in all its marvelous strength, beauty and 
 . / impressiveness. So also have the pencil of the 
 
 painter and the sunpictures of the photographer in a 
 measure failed to reproduce its peculiar characteristics. 
 There is an indescribable atmosphere of forcefulness and 
 grandeur environing the huge mass of rushing, tumbling waters 
 which cannot be depicted in verse, in prose or in pictures. In the blunt but emphatic 
 language of the showman, " The Falls must be seen and seen again to be 
 appreciated." 
 
 But while the waters come pouring down the river from the great lakes and sweep- 
 ing over the falls, as they have done for ages, in recent years there have been vast 
 changes in the surroundings. The artifices of man have been and are still being 
 combined with the forces of Nature in adding to and modulating the beauties of the 
 place, and bringing order out of the chaos of attractions that have long made the 
 place famous in connection with the huge cataract itself. On both sides of the river 
 parks, under proper supervision, have been laid out. July 15, 1885, the State Reser- 
 vation on the American side was formally opened for the free use of the public, and 
 May 24, 1888, Oueen Victoria Park on the Canadian side was formally opened to the 
 general public. 
 
 Besides these two great observation grounds from which the Falls may be viewed 
 in all their varying aspects, there are a number of minor points and places of interest. 
 The chief of these are the new Suspension Bridge connecting Canada with the United 
 States, the cantilever and railway suspension bridges at Suspension Bridge, and the 
 Whirlpool Rapids and Whirlpool beyond. There are a number of outside museums 
 and elevators ; but the most important of the extra-attractions of the Falls is the 
 observation tower, opposite Prospect Park, 300 feet high. From the upper platform 
 a view is obtained unequaled in the world for grandeur and picturesque variety. 
 
 Another pleasing experience is a trip on one of the two Maids of the Mist. 
 Niagara Falls itself has been greatly improved in recent years. It is no longer a 
 sleepy country village, but is justly putting on metropolitan airs, having recently been 
 organized in association with Suspension Bridge as a city, with all a modern city's 
 duties, privileges and progressive spirit. The most important factor in attaining this 
 municipal result has been the construction of the great hydraulic tunnel for the pur- 
 pose of utilizing the enormous and continuous water force of Niagara River to 
 supply power for manufacturing and other purposes, with the electric current as the 
 grand medium. The principle upon which the tunnel has been built is exceedingly 
 simple. The tunnel, which is subterranean, is really a great tail race extending 
 
 15 
 
about a mile, from the water level at a point of Niagara River above the Falls, and 
 embouching below the Falls at a much lower level. The tunnel is connected with 
 the river by short surface canals, wheel pits and cross tunnels, the pits being furnished 
 with turbines and the necessary hydraulic machinery, dynamos, etc., for generating 
 and transmitting the electric power-giving current. 
 
 A vast amount of capital is invested in this enterprise, and the skill, patience and 
 persistence of the most able engineers and mechanics in the world have been enlisted 
 in the enterprise, of which, naturally, Niagara Falls and the immediate vicinity will 
 receive the first benefits. As soon as arrangements are perfected the electric power 
 will be transmitted, chiefly to Buffalo, but also to points at a considerable distance 
 from the generating center, and sanguine people believe that in a few years at most 
 this power will be safely and economically transmitted to New York, Philadelphia, 
 Boston, Chicago and other localities at a distance of 500 or even 1,000 miles. It 
 is certain that the power will soon be advantageously transmitted to Buffalo, and, of 
 
 -* ,' " - "-*■ ' 
 
 course, to the intermediate localities, and enthusiastic prophets foretell the establish- 
 ment in a few years of a gigantic city that will cover all the territory between and 
 including the now existing municipalities of Buffalo and Niagara Falls. 
 
 The two cities are already closely connected by a great variety of mutual interests, 
 and in a material way by the steam railroad systems of the New York Central, the 
 West Shore, the Michigan Central and the Erie Lines. Besides these, an electric trol- 
 ley line connects with the street railway systems of Buffalo and Niagara Falls. This 
 road makes direct connection with another very important trolley line extending from 
 the observation tower, already mentioned, opposite Prospect Park at the Falls, along 
 the American side of the gorge, down under the cliff, along the shore of the river, 
 under the cantilever and railroad suspension bridges, past the great Whirlpool rapids, 
 semi-circling the vast Whirlpool itself, along the picturesque rapids to Lewiston, a 
 distance of about seven miles of the most strikingly beautiful and varying scenery in 
 the world. 
 
 These and other enterprises and many minor attractions, established and to come, 
 will serve to expand and perpetuate the fame of Niagara throughout Christendom. 
 
 R. C. H. 
 
 16 
 
Somk Representative Buffalo Enterprises. 
 
 VL 
 
 THE BUFFALO SCALE WORKS. 
 
 OROBABLY no one institution, among Buffalo's many and varied indus- 
 tries, has been so instrumental in carrying the name and fame of 
 Buffalo to all corners of the world as has the Buffalo Scale Company. This 
 old established company has, for nearly forty years, been annually sending 
 out to nearly every corner of our own land, as well as to very many foreign 
 countries, an infinite variety of high grade scales, upon each one of which 
 has stood out most prominently the word Buffalo. From the very nature 
 of the product manufactured, which, in its use, decides in each transaction 
 as between buyer and seller, it will at once appear that for long continued 
 success in the production of such machines, and in gaining and keeping the 
 confidence of the business world in their use, the first and great essentials 
 are " highest quality " and " greatest accuracy." From the very first this has 
 been the chief aim of the com- 
 pany ; and as a result, many 
 thousand miles from home, the 
 word Buffalo is synonymous 
 with highest quality and great- 
 est accuracy in all transactions 
 where weights and measures 
 are the determining factors. 
 The variety of machines manu- 
 factured cover a wide range, 
 from the smallest postal scale, 
 such as this Company has fur- 
 nished the United States Gov- 
 ernment many thousand of, to 
 the ponderous railroad track scale which will, easily and accurately, record 
 the weight of a heavily loaded train. It will readily be seen that the Buf- 
 falo Scale Company can consistently be placed among the first of Buffalo's 
 most representative industries. It occupies an extensive and complete 
 plant, fully equipped with every mechanical appliance that can assist in the 
 manufacture of the articles for which they have attained a world-wide repu- 
 tation. The officers are : George G. Linen, president ; T. L. Richmond, treas- 
 urer ; F. A. Avery, secretary, and J. H. l T sher, mechanical superintendent. 
 For many years the company has been represented at all the principal expo- 
 sitions, and has received highest awards. In this connection their representa- 
 tive will be pleased to welcome visitors at their exhibit in Section A of the 
 Manufacturers' Building at the Cotton States and International Exposition, 
 
 17 
 
 
 lLO scale works. 
 
THE PITTS AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 
 
 The Pitts Agricultural Works, one of the oldest, most successful and 
 important industries of Buffalo, was founded in 1S50 by Hiram and John A. 
 Pitts, two brothers, who came from Maine, where they had gained for 
 America the honor of giving to the world the first portable threshing, 
 separating and clearing machine, which has served as the model for all 
 others. 
 
 The present establishment occupies six acres of floor space. It has 
 turned out more than 25,000 steam and horse- power threshing outfits and 
 furnished machines to every grain- growing country in the world, adapting 
 their machines to the exigencies of the section where used. The works also 
 turn out the most improved farm and soil preparing tools. 
 
 Another department of this great enterprise will attract especial interest 
 at this time when the agitation for good roads is so wide-spread and 
 emphatic, namely that of improved road machinery. One feature of this 
 
 STEAM ROAD ROLLER. 
 
 department is a double engine steam Road Roller, made in three sizes, and 
 very heartily approved of by municipal experts, contractors and country road 
 builders. That these rollers meet the requirements of the most exacting 
 official is evidenced by the fact that they have been purchased by the United 
 States Government for use at the West Point Military Academy, after the 
 most critical examination and the severest tests in competition with all 
 others. 
 
 The officers of the Pitts Agricultural Works are Carleton Sprague, 
 president ; C. M. Greiner, secretary ; John B. Olmsted, attorney, who 
 will be pleased to mail catalogues on application or give any desired 
 information. 
 
BUFFALO SPRING & CHAR WORKS. 
 
 The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company is probably the best known 
 throughout the world of any manufacturers in its line. 
 
 Their peculiar and successful methods of advertising has made their 
 name familiar among carriage makers in all quarters of the globe. Vehicles 
 manufactured by this company have for several years been exported into 
 Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe and the islands of the sea. Their customers 
 in this country extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific, showing con- 
 clusively the excellent shipping advantages enjoyed by manufacturers in 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Some ten years ago this firm introduced to the trade " Vehicles in the 
 White"; that is, carriages complete in every respect except painting. 
 
 '• PALO U.lo" \V \c.o\. 
 
 This enables carriage makers to see what they are buying before it is cov- 
 ered with paint and varnish, and that means everything to purchasers of 
 high-class work. 
 
 The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company enjoy the reputation among the 
 trade of making a very superior grade of work and of the most unique and 
 salable styles. As an example of the wearing quality of the vehicles manu- 
 factured by this firm, it may be stated that a gentleman in Hamburg, I 
 many, covered a distance of nearly 5,000 miles riding in a cut-under 
 buggy selected from regular stock. 
 
 The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company are also the sole owners and only 
 manufa turers of the most popular riding spring on the market known to 
 the trade as the Thomas Coil Spring. Thousands are riding to-day on this 
 luxurious spring who do not even know its name. Every reputable whole- 
 sale carriage builder in the world is using them. So much for one of our 
 leading carriage industries. 
 
 '9 
 
THE McKlNNON DASH & HARDWARE COMPANY. 
 One of the most flourishing of the more important manufacturing enter- 
 prises of Buffalo is the McKinnon Dash & Hardware Company, limited, 
 which manufactures on an extensive scale patent dash frames and attach- 
 ments, supplying jobbers and carriage makers all over the American Con- 
 tinent. Their especial brands of dashes are the " Niagara," with channel 
 bar dash frame covered with the finest leather, and the " Buffalo," prac- 
 tically a solid foot dash, but neater in appearance and stronger than if the 
 
 feet were forged solid with 
 
 the frame. The dashes are 
 
 Tfe great favorites in the market. 
 
 The McKinnon Company 
 also manufactures side rail 
 Surrey dashes, wing dashes, 
 raised rail dashes, fenders 
 in various styles, curtain 
 roll-up straps, prop block 
 washers, shaft trimmings, 
 apron flaps and numerous 
 mckinnon dash and hardware company. other valuable devices in- 
 
 dispensable in first-class carriage building. One of the important special- 
 ties, used in all the company's dashes, is a concealed head bolt attachment, 
 in various styles, and unequalled in utility by anything produced in com- 
 petition. 
 
 The officers of the company are S. F. McKinnon, president ; L. E. 
 McKinnon, treasurer and manager ; W A Notman, secretary. The Buffalo 
 address is No. 250 Amherst Street. 
 
 THE NIAGARA TOP COMPANY. 
 
 A unique and thriving industry of Buffalo is that of the Niagara Top 
 Company, the business of which has grown to very important proportions 
 since its organization in 18S6. This 
 enterprising company is producing a 
 large and excellent line of carriage 
 appurtenances, including tops, cuj-h- 
 ions, dashes and backs, and is shipping 
 large quantities all over the United 
 States, to Australia, and other foreign 
 markets, where "the N. T. Co.'s " 
 goods have justly earned a splendid 
 reputation. The business of the com- 
 pany is in the hands of practical and 
 experienced men. To its other lines 
 has recently been added bicycles of 
 superior make, which, however, are being sold at very reasonable prices, 
 
 NIAGARA TOP COMPANY. 
 
THE SNOW STEAM PUMP WORKS. 
 The Snow Steam Pump Works, whose extensive plant is situated 
 between Seneca and Clinton streets just east of ISailey Avenue, was incor- 
 porated in the early spring of 1890, and its first products were placed on 
 the market less than five years ago. Starting with a small plant, consisting 
 of foundry and machine shop, and employing a very small number of 
 mechanics, this company has grown to such proportions that its plant has 
 been increased more than ten fold, and it is employing to-day more 
 than 400 skilled mechanics, and the shops are running day and night to 
 keep abreast with the 
 orders booked. This 
 company manufac- 
 tures steam pumps and 
 pumping machinery 
 from the smallest size 
 of boiler feed pump, 
 weighing less than 120 
 lbs., up to the largest 
 water works pumping 
 engine of the most 
 modern type and 
 weighing all the way up 
 to 800 tons and more. snow steam pump works. 
 
 This company stands to-day in the front rank competing successfully with 
 the oldest and largest pumping engine manufacturers in the world. Its 
 products go all over this country, and a heavy demand for them has been 
 established in Europe and other parts of the world. The uniform superior- 
 ity of the design and the great care taken in the selection of the material, 
 and skilled labor used in the goods manufactured by this company, 
 are sufficient guarantee that the plant of the company will continue to 
 grow in size, and no doubt in a few years hence the Snow Steam Pump 
 Works will be one of the largest, if not the largest, pumping engine manu- 
 factory in the country. 
 
 BUFFALO AND ART-PRINTING. 
 
 In the "art preservative" Buffalo has acquired universal fame for 
 artistic excellence and volume and variety of business. Particularly note- 
 worthy is the complete art-printing works of The Matthews-Northrup 
 Co. Here every variety of letter-press printing, both black and colored, 
 and every style of engraving for printing, and bookbinding are done. 
 This pamphlet is a fair specimen of what is produced by this splendid 
 establishment. In association with it are the publishing enterprises of 
 Geo. E. Matthews & Co., proprietors of the Morning Express^ daily, and 
 The Illustrated Sunday Express^ both superb examples of intelligent and 
 enterprising journalism. 
 
BUFFALO'S SMOOTH AND CLEAN STREETS. 
 
 That the officials of Buffalo are enabled to keep the streets of the city in a 
 
 remarkably cleanly condition is due to the fact that more than 2co miles of 
 
 those streets are paved with asphalt. Thanks to Pitch Lake, situated in the 
 
 island of Trinidad, British West Indies, Buffalo is the best paved city in the 
 
 A SPECIMEN OF 20O MILES OF BUFFALO STKEETS. 
 
 world, Paris and Washington not excepted, for about four million square 
 yards of Buffalo's streets are surfaced with asphalt from that wonderful 
 lagoon, brought thence and laid here by the Barber Asphalt Paving Com- 
 pany, which, although it has laid its fine paving in over forty other cities of 
 the United States, has the most to justly boast of in the work it has done in 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 THE GREAT GORGE ROUTE. 
 
 In direct connection with the Buffalo Street Railway sys- r __ 
 
 tern, and the Buffalo & Niagara Falls trolley line, is the 
 Niagara Falls & Lewiston Railroad, which traverses the 
 whole length of the Niagara gorge on the American side be- 
 tween the Falls and Lewiston. On the line are many | 
 caves and caverns, rapids and historic points ; it passes 
 under old forts, through battle grounds, and the scenes 
 of the bloody massacres by the red men in the early 
 settlers' days, which have made this region famous. To 
 see Niagara as it should 
 be seen, cheaply, thor- 
 oughly and quickly, the 
 tourist should take the 
 best, most complete 
 electric railroad route 
 in the world, The Niag- 
 ara Falls <.\: Lewiston 
 Railroad. 
 
 'jfigfrrej* Av 
 
BUFFALO HOTELS. 
 
 Buffalonians have good reason for feeling proud of her existing public 
 buildings, and of those projected or actually in the course of erection. 
 Among the former the leading hotels of Buffalo are a source of eminent 
 satisfaction, particularly the largest and finest of them all, the Iroquois, 
 which is eminently an example of the city's enterprise, inasmuch as it was 
 built, and is owned, by the Buffalo Library Association, at a cost of about 
 $1,000,000. When completed it was leased for a long term of years to 
 Messrs. Woolley & Cerrans, two thoroughly competent, enterprising and 
 thorough hotel managers, who have improved and beautified the property in 
 many ways. It is a handsome and commodious, well-arranged brick 
 structure, absolutely fire-proof, and is fitted and furnished with metropolitan 
 elegance, comfort and completeness. 
 
 The location of the Iroquois is the most central of any hotel in the 
 city, within easy distance of the railroad depots, theatres, churches and 
 
 V 
 
 : 1 i 
 
 $fEjyg| 
 
 
 
 'I RIB I 1 IK 
 
 public institutions. It is reached directly by all the electric trolley railways 
 of the city. 
 
 The [roquois is a " firsl class" hotel in the most complete sense of the 
 term. It is the recognized "headquarters" for conventions, and is the 
 favorite rendezvous of tourists. 
 
 Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans are also proprietors of the magnificent (.rand 
 Union Hotel at Saratoga Springs, \. Y. Under their management for 
 several seasons the glories of that splendid palace have been renewed with 
 increased brilliancy. 
 
 ^3 
 
SARATOGA. 
 
 Niagara Falls and Saratoga, both within the borders of the Empire 
 State, are unquestionably alike at home and abroad, the most famous places 
 on the American Continent. Niagara Falls must ever endure as nature's 
 grandest marvel, and Saratoga Springs appears to be destined to maintain 
 and perpetuate the fame as the foremost pleasure and health resorts on the 
 western shores of the Atlantic Ocean, for with her marvelous healing waters, 
 her beautiful environ- 
 ments, her proximity 
 to the picturesque reg- 
 ions of Lake George, 
 Lake Champlain, the 
 Adirondacks, Catskill 
 and Green Mountains, 
 her facilities of access 
 from Buffalo, New 
 York, Boston, Phila- 
 delphia and other cen- 
 ters of culture, luxury, 
 art and wealth, her 
 own social aristocracy and her manifold forms of and opportunities for 
 refined recreation she stands alone, the first and foremost. Buffalo is 
 especially interested in Saratoga, because her chief hotel, the largest and 
 most imposing summer hotel structure in the world, the Grand Union, is 
 leased and managed by the proprietors of Buffalo's chief hotel, the Iroquois. 
 Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans have had control of the Grand Union for several 
 seasons, and will reopen it again for the season of 1896, which will last from 
 the end of June until early in September. The Grand Union was built 
 and furnished at an enormous expense by the late multi-millionaire, A. T. 
 Stewart. 
 
 THE PARK — SARATOGA. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE GRAND UNION — SARATOGA. 
 
 24 
 
BUFFALO AND ATLANTA. 
 
 Cotton States ^ International Exposition 
 
 : Cbe l»OSt Direct and : 
 
 Desirable Route 
 
 ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ 
 
 IS VIA 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. 
 
 C, C, C. & St. L., Big Four Route. 
 Queen and Crescent Route. 
 Southern Railway. 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. between Buffalo and Cleveland, 
 Big Four Route between Cleveland and Cincinnati and Queen and 
 Crescent Route between Cincinnati and Chattanooga, Southern 
 Railway between Chattanooga and Atlanta. 
 
 SPLENDID EQUIPMENT THROUGHOUT AND EXCELLENT 
 
 SLEEPING CAR ACCOMMODATION. 
 
 RAPID TRANSIT AND ADMIRABLE SERVICE. 
 
 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO 
 
 T. S. T1MPSON, Eastern Passenger Agent, L. S. & M. S. R'y | 321 Main St., 
 
 J. B. SEITZ, City Passenger Agent, L. S. & M. S. R'y i BUFFALO, N. V. 
 
 C. 5. BLACKMAN, Qenl Eastern Agent, C, C, C. & St. L., 46 Exchange St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 A. J. SMITH, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, L. S. St M. S. R'y, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
 
 D. J. COLLYER, City Ticket Agent, C, C, C & St. L CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
 
 D. B. MARTIN, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, C, C..C. St St. L., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 
 W. C. RINEARSON, General Passenger Agent, Queen and Crescent Route, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 
 A. J. LYTLE, Division Passenger Agent. Queen and Crescent Route, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 
 S. H. HARDWICK, Ass't General Passenger Agent, Southern Railway, . . ATLANTA, GA. 
 W. A. TURK, General Passenger Agent, Southern Railway, . . . WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGR 
 
 014 220 711 
 
 Positive Facts and Plain Figures. 
 
 BUFFALO 
 
 HAS 9 theaters, 6o public schools, iSo churches. 
 
 HAS an inexhaustible pure water supply. 
 
 HAS possession of unlimited electric power. 
 
 HAS 3,500 manufactories, 100,000 operatives. 
 
 HAS 900 acres and 16 miles of park driveways. 
 
 HAS 150 miles, perfect system, electric street railways. 
 
 HAS 700 miles railway tracks, 26 lines. 
 
 HAS 200 miles of asphalted streets. 
 
 HAS 51 elevators, capacity, 16,550,000 bushels. 
 
 HAS 14 flour mills, capacity, 1,400,000 barrels. 
 
 HAS the largest coal trestle in the world, nearly one mile 
 
 long. 
 HAS 21 commercial banks, capital, $5,300,000; surplus, 
 
 $4,100,000. 
 HAS 4 savings banks, deposits, $31,926,601. 
 HAS cheap coal and natural gas in abundance. 
 IS the most healthful large city in the United States. 
 Coal receipts, 1894, 6,577,600 tons. 
 Customs receipts, 1894, $473,830.50. 
 Postoffice receipts, 1894, $659,819.35. 
 Lumber receipts, 1894, 650,315,690 feet. 
 Live stock receipts, 1894, 8,894,510 head. 
 Internal Revenue receipts, 1894, $1,355,188.96. 
 Grain receipts, 1894, by lake, 161,401,815 bushels. 
 Flour — largest depot in the world — receipts by lake in 1894, 
 
 11,488,530 barrels. 
 Vessels arrived in 1894, 4.795. tonnage, 4.323.537. vessels 
 
 cleared in 1894, 4,869, tonnage, 4,466,365. 
 Rate of taxation — City, $15-39 on valuation of $1,000. 
 
 County and State, $5,075. 
 
 = Population, 335,709.= 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRES! 
 
 014 220 711 4^