i 
 
 i "f . 
 
 

A HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Philomathean Society 
 
 (FOUNDED 1813) 
 
 WITH 
 
 A SHORT BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ALL HER 
 
 MEMBERS 
 
 FROM 181 3 TO 1892. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 AviL Printing Company. 
 
 1892. 
 

 c.-t'l^..'' 
 
 
Infpoburfopg- 
 
 It might be well to say, in the beginning of this little book, that the 
 committee in charge of its publication has labored under more than ordi- 
 nary difficulties. The work was originally planned out by the Class 
 of '89, and was intended to be entirely the task of that body. It 
 failed of completion, however, and for several years the whole work has 
 lain dormant, while committee after committee has been appointed, only to 
 be discharged without the publication of the much-heard-of Record. At 
 one time some promise of real work was hoped for when the committee 
 for 1891 was appointed. They labored for some days on the manuscript, 
 until finally the work had to be thrown over on account of the pressure of 
 college work. The present committee, realizing, at last, the burden that 
 this unfinished work was upon Philo, and the obligation the Society was 
 under to complete the publication, have made strenuous efl!brts towards 
 this end, and are glad now to be able to report the completion of the Phi- 
 lomathean Record. The work has been enormous, and would have been 
 impossible without the distinguished aid of several of Philo's loyal gradu- 
 ate members. We are especially indebted to Dr. Frazer, whose kindly 
 assistance and co-operation, in every manner possible, have done much in 
 putting us in a position to complete our difficult task. Our whole aim has 
 been to put in the hands of her graduate sons some reliable record of 
 their Mother Society from her founding to the present date, and we wish 
 for no greater reward than the hearty approval of our older Philoma- 
 thean brethren. 
 
 f Justin R, Sypher, 
 
 ^ G. A. Smyth, 
 
 Committee.^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 George D. Col<man, 
 
 L Robert N. Willson, Jr., Moderator 
 
The Philomathean Society, 1892. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Moderator. 
 Robert N. Willson, Jr. 
 
 First Censor. 
 Francis H. Lee. 
 
 Secretary. 
 George M. Coates, 3d. 
 
 Second Censor. 
 William C. McKnight, 
 
 Recorder. 
 George Johnson. 
 
 Treasurer, 
 
 StOYAN V. TSANOFF. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Leon Schwartz Bowers, '92. 
 John Christian Bullitt, Jr., '94. 
 Edmund James Burk, '94. 
 PaulCheyney, '94. 
 Edward Taggart Child, '92. 
 Edward Salisbury Clark, '93. 
 George Morrison Coates, 3d, '94. 
 George Douglass Codman, '94. 
 Walter Isaac Cooper, '93. 
 Howard Harlan Dickey, '93. 
 Spencer Cole Dickson, '95. 
 Edward John Dooner, '93. 
 Charles James Dougherty, '92. 
 William Duane, '92. 
 Frank Spencer Edmonds, '93. 
 George James Fox, '94. 
 Vivian Frank Gable, '92. 
 Thomas Sovereign Gates, '93. 
 Louis Joseph Gerson, '95. 
 John Francis Gorman, '95. 
 Frank Bacon Hancock, '92. 
 William Henry Hansell, Jr., '93. 
 George Bickley Houseman, '93. 
 
 Arthur Wellesley Howes, '93. 
 Reginald Heber Innes, '94. 
 George Johnson, '93. 
 Samuel Murdock Kendrick, '93. 
 Francis Herbert Lee, '93. 
 Clifton Maloney, '92. 
 Clarence Stanley Mclntire, '93. 
 William Clark McKnight, '93. 
 John Doughty McMullin, '95. 
 James Clark Moore, Jr., '93. 
 Gilbert Stuart Moore, Jr., '94. 
 William Stuart Morris, '92. 
 Ulysses Simpson Schaul, '92. 
 Frank Earle Schermerhorn, '92. 
 Edgar Arthur Singer, '92. 
 George Albert Smyth, '93. 
 Henry Field Smyth, '93. 
 Justin Ralph Sypher, '93. 
 Stoyan Vasil Tsanoflf, '93. 
 Clarence Russell Williams, '92. 
 Robert Newton Willson, Jr., '93. 
 Frank Potts Witmer, '93. 
 Erskine Wright, '93. 
 
younbprs. 
 
 OCTOBER 2, 1813. 
 6— @r nre) " 
 JOHN BAYARD, 
 GEORGE BUCHANAN, 
 HENRY B. CHEW. 
 THOMAS G. CONDIE, 
 HENRY S. COXE, 
 CHRISTIAN F. CRUSE, 
 JAMES S. DAVIDSON, 
 WILLIAM AUG. MUHLENBERG, 
 THOMAS M. PETTIT, 
 EDWARD RAWLE, 
 HENRY RAWLE, 
 JOHN J. RICHARDS, 
 WILLIAM H. WEST. 
 
^obFPafors* 
 
 The following Gentlenaeri have been Moderators 
 of the Society. 
 
 Christian F. Cruse. 
 William A. Muhlenberg. 
 George B. Wood. 
 Nicholas Hammond. 
 Thomas L. Boileau. 
 John M. Jackson. 
 Timothy W. Coe. 
 George Read. 
 John N. Conyngham. 
 Benjamin Rush Rhees. 
 Theophilus Parvin. 
 James M. Staughton. 
 James Murray Mason. 
 Peter Van Pelt. 
 Samuel M. Fox. 
 Francis P. Corbin. 
 William C. Walker. 
 Henry D. Gilpin. 
 William A. Read. 
 Henry A. Riley. 
 Samuel S. Cochrane. 
 John Rodman Paul. 
 Robert Watson. 
 John Reed, Jr. 
 Charles B. Jaudon. 
 Charles W. Nassau. 
 
 George Brinton. 
 William J. Reese. 
 Robert J. Thomson. 
 Ralph Far Izard. 
 Samuel O. Meredith. 
 John Hall. 
 George M. Wharton. 
 Gustavus S. Benson. 
 Robert P. DuBois. 
 Joseph D. Fox. 
 Edward D. Kemp. 
 Samuel G. Clarkson. 
 Thomas Harper, Jr. 
 Vincent L. Bradford. 
 Henry H. Reed. 
 George Fox, Jr. 
 Thomas L. Bowie. 
 Joseph Abbott, Jr. 
 John Ashurst. 
 Robert B. Davidson. 
 Joseph Carson. 
 Frederic W. Beasley. 
 William T. Goldsborough. 
 Thomas C. Cadwalader. 
 Edward Hallowell, Jr. 
 George W. Norris. 
 
Samuel F. DuBois. 
 George Sharswood. 
 Edward Miller. 
 Thomas Leaming Smith. 
 George Roberts Smith. 
 John B. Chapman. 
 John Robertson. 
 Joseph Wharton. 
 Charles Theodore Potts. 
 William Pointell Johnston. 
 William D. Baker. 
 John Fries Frazer. 
 William G. Calcleugh. 
 John Pringle Jones. 
 Henry W. Richardson. 
 John C. Carpentier. 
 Alexander Murray Mcllvaine. 
 George C. Carson. 
 Kingston Goddard. 
 John McKinley. 
 WiUiam W. Smith. 
 William N. McLeod. 
 John Brown Parker. 
 J. I. Clark Hare. 
 Edward IngersoU. 
 Robert Young Black. 
 Alexander M. McKinley. 
 George L. Taylor. 
 Charles L. Borie. 
 John Bohlen. 
 
 John PhilHps Montgomery.' 
 Austin A. Phelps. 
 Alexander W. Biddle. 
 Lewis A. Scott. 
 John G. Smith. 
 J. Williams Biddle. 
 John D. Bryant. 
 Henry E. Montgomery. 
 WilHam B. Taylor. 
 Henry W. Ducachet. 
 
 Thomas Scott Harper. 
 James R. Ford. 
 Samuel Keen Ashton. 
 Morton Stille. 
 
 WilKam S. McPherson Hill. 
 J. Dickinson Sargeant. 
 Grayson Mallet-Prevost. 
 Samuel H. Jarden. 
 Morton P. Henry. 
 George Dawson Coleman. 
 Samuel Moore Shute. 
 Daniel Kendig. 
 Joel Barlow Reynolds. 
 William B. Musgrave. 
 Henry Sergeani Lowber. 
 WilHam H. Crabbe. 
 Henry FHng. 
 Caldwell K. Biddle. 
 James Ely. 
 Charles F. Burgin. 
 Samuel Wylie Crawford, Jr. 
 Enoch C. Brewster. 
 William White Montgomery. 
 Charles Hartshorne. 
 John Hughes. 
 Thomas Newbold. 
 James Darrach. 
 S. B. WyHe McLeod. 
 Isaac O. Blight. 
 Thomas M. Wetherill. 
 George A. Jenks. 
 Alexander C. Durbin. 
 Thomas L. Hildeburne. 
 Edward D. Porter. 
 J. Aspinwall Hodge. 
 Benoni Lockwood. 
 Brinton Coxe. 
 Dorsey Cox. 
 Gideon Scull, Jr. 
 Henry N. Paul. 
 
William H. Durbin. 
 William Thomson. 
 James H. Hutchinson. 
 Joseph D. Newlin. 
 Hugh Lenox Hodge. 
 Samuel Dickson. 
 William H. Badger. 
 Edmund Cash Pechin. 
 Richard L. Ashhurst. 
 John Ashhurst, Jr. 
 S. Huntington Jones. 
 Henry Morton. 
 Charles B. Penrose. 
 William W. Frazier, Jr. 
 George Tucker Bispham. 
 Edward B. Hodge, 
 Charles T. McMullin. 
 Charles Buckwalter. 
 David B. Willson. 
 George William Powell. 
 William W. White. 
 Chester D. Hartranft. 
 Martin P. Jones, 
 Charles J. Little. 
 Skipwith Wilmer. 
 Charles C. Harrison. 
 Edward Watson. 
 William Brooke Rawle. 
 Charles P. Perkins, 
 George Oakman, 
 Howard Wood. 
 R, Somers Hayes. 
 Robert Emmet McDonald. 
 George Woolsey Hodge. 
 William Wilberforce Newton. 
 Thomas Diehl Stichter. 
 John Buck Morgan, 
 Isaac Minis Hays. 
 John White Hofiinan. 
 Edward Fox Pugh. 
 
 Gerald Fitzgerald Dale, Jr. 
 Robert Frazer, Jr. 
 Ewing Jordan. 
 Gustavus B. Horner. 
 Edward F. Hoffman. 
 Robert Adams. 
 R. Francis Wood. 
 George Pomeroy Allen. 
 Henry G. Ward. 
 George M. Christian. 
 Alexander J. Miller. 
 Herbert Welsh. 
 Hampton L. Carson, Jr. 
 William G. Freedley. 
 George T. Purves. 
 Franklin L. Sheppard. 
 Richard C. Dale, 
 Charles Adams Young, 
 Coleman Sellers, Jr, 
 William Force Whitaker. 
 Joseph de Forest Junkin. 
 Albert B. Williams. 
 Charles A. Ashburner. 
 Charles W. Freedley. 
 William W. Porter. 
 John W. Townsend, Jr. 
 William C. Bullitt. 
 Lawrence Lewis, Jr. 
 Wilham Lawrence Saunders. 
 George Stanley Philler, 
 Charles Irving Junkin, 
 Francis Albert Lewis, Jr. 
 Edward Garrett McCollin. 
 William P. Breed, Jr. 
 Edward S. Mcllvaine. 
 John Marshall Gest. 
 Geo. W. B, Roberts. 
 H, S. Prentiss Nichols, 
 William P, Gest. 
 George Junkin, Jr, 
 
Charles Wadsworth, Jr. 
 James H. Robins. 
 G. H. Freedley. 
 Severo Mallet-Prevost. 
 Thompson Westcott. 
 Gustavus Remak, Jr. 
 Edwin F. Lott. 
 John W. Savage. 
 Logan M. Bullitt. 
 Francis E. Smiley. 
 J. S. Adams. 
 Clarence W. Taylor. 
 Frank Lambader, Jr. 
 James C. Jones. 
 Howard L. Cresswell. 
 John S. Fernie. 
 Crawford D. Hening. 
 Wm. West Frazier. 
 Edw. M. Jeffries. 
 
 Andrew Seguin. 
 Henry Clay Adams. 
 Robert B. Salter. 
 Horace C. Richard?. 
 Lightner Witmer. 
 Dickinson S. Miller. 
 James C. Mitchell. 
 Clem. N. C. Brown. 
 Elliston J. Perot. 
 Hugh W. Ogden. 
 W. Herbert Burk. 
 Josiah H. Penniman. 
 James DeW. Perry, Jr. 
 Samuel R. Colladay. 
 William G. Knowles. 
 Ulysses S. Schaul. 
 Clifton Maloney. 
 William S. Morris. 
 Robert N. Willson, Jr. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF FENNA., 
 
 BY 
 
 W. HERBERT BURK. 
 1892. 
 
Philo's History. 
 
 T^HAT trite saying, " History repeats itself," is perhaps nowhere so 
 clearly illustrated as in a college literary society. These three or four 
 years represent a generation, and consequently the repetition is more clearly 
 seen, and more clearly impresses itself on the mind. The history, as writ- 
 ten on the minutes of the Society, at first sight appears to be very monoto- 
 nous. The same debates, to a large degree the same motions, the same 
 laudable desire for constitutional reform, the same fines imposed for the 
 same offences, are found in rapid succession. The history, therefore, of the 
 three years of any class in Philo would, to a great degree, answer for the 
 history of the seventy-five years of her existence. Such a history is writ- 
 ten in the heart of every true Philomathean, and forms one of the most 
 pleasant memories of his life, to which he turns from time to time with 
 added enjoyment, as the years of actual life separate him more and more 
 frofli those days. To him no history written save by his own hand would 
 seem to be true, and any attempt to write would be to tear away with ruth- 
 less hands those adornments which truth has lent to memory's picture. 
 Writing, therefore, for the sons of dear old Philo, we need only call atten- 
 tion to those points in her history which may be entirely new, or perhaps 
 long since forgotten. 
 
 Of the early history of Philo very little is known. The earliest min- 
 utes have been lost or destroyed, and even the histories which were written, 
 while the minutes Avere still in existence, have shared a similar fate. There 
 had been many attempts to form a literary society before Philo was founded, 
 but these societies had but an ephemeral existence, rarely surviving the 
 class which organized them. One of them was so noted for its noisy ses- 
 sions and adjournments, that when the Provost was asked to suggest a 
 
 13 
 
name for it, he remarked that Polyphloisboean would be appropriate. His- 
 tory fails to tell us whether it was adopted or not. At any rate the society 
 soon disappeared altogether. 
 
 After several informal meetings and conferences, the project of forming 
 a literary society was submitted to the Provost. It received his most 
 hearty approval, and the organization and constitution were completed 
 under the title of THE PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY OF THE 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. There is posted in front of the 
 present Recorder's Book, a sheet of paper, brown with age and soiled with 
 handling, upon which is written the following : " We, the subscribers, of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, Seniors, thinking it would promote our 
 improvement in learning, and likewise more fully establish the reputation 
 of the University, did, on the second day of October, Anno Domini 
 one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, form ourselves into an associa- 
 tion, under the name of the Philomathean Society. And we do soberly 
 declare that we will support the Constitution of the said society with all 
 our power, and that we will not aid in anything detrimental to the Society : 
 
 J. BAYARD, 
 
 GEORGE BUCHANAN, 
 
 HENRY B. CHEW, 
 
 THOMAS D. CONDY, 
 
 HENRY S. COXE, • 
 
 CHRISTIAN F. CRUSE, 
 
 JAMES S. DAVIDSON, 
 
 WILLIAM A. MUHLENBURG, 
 
 THOMAS M. PETTIT, 
 
 JOHN J. RICHARDS, 
 
 EDWARD RAWLE, 
 
 HENRY RAWLE. 
 
 WILLIAM H. WEST. 
 
 Phi Jo has always honored these men, and for many years there has 
 been a tablet over the Moderator's Chair bearing their names, and when 
 the University was moved to West Philadelphia, and the present College 
 
 14 
 
Hall erected, the Society had a Memorial Stained Glass Window placed 
 in the Chapel, bearing their names. The first rooms of the Society were 
 in what was long known as the " President's House," to which reference is 
 made in another place in this volume. Says Dr. Cruse : " In the south- 
 east corner of this edifice, on the third floor, overlooking a large extent of 
 grounds, there was a fine spacious room some twenty feet square, which, 
 together with two smaller rooms adjoining, was assigned as Philomathean 
 Hall. When the President's House was taken down, and the new build- 
 ing erected in its place, Philo was given two adjacent rooms in the building 
 occupied by the College Department. The meetings were first held on 
 Friday evenings, but in 1820, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution, 
 ' that the doors of the University shall not be open after sunset,' so that 
 the hour was changed to half past four. A committee was appointed to 
 ask permission to hold their meetings ' after candle-light.' This permission 
 was granted, and the meetings were then held at half past six. In 1845, 
 an effort was made to have illuminating gas introduced, which was done in 
 the following year, when the ' astral lamps and chandeliers ' were sold. 
 In this room many a man learned his first lessons in housekeeping, which 
 were, doubtless, of great use to him in his after life. We find committees 
 appointed and money appropriated to purchase such things as chairs and 
 dust brushes, curtains and lamp shades, brooms and book cases. At times 
 Major Dick had to be interviewed for failing to fill the lamps or to scrub 
 the floors. Dick, by the way, seems to have been almost incorrigible, and 
 the Society was almost continually threatening to cut down his salary, or 
 discharge him unless he would do as they said. He was assisted in those 
 days by a young colored boy, who was always a source of worriment and 
 anxiety to the Society. When Dick first ran across him, we do not know, 
 but for a long time he was known simply as " Dick's Boy," but later he 
 was dubbed " Pomp." Since those days Pomp has been the sworn enemy 
 of Philo and its faithful supporters. It is interesting to note how he has 
 won the respect and admiration of the members of Philo, as the years 
 passed away. He appears after a while in the Minutes as "Alfred," then 
 as " Alfred Wilson," and finally as " Mr. Alfred Wilson ; " but the name 
 by which he will always be remembered is " Pomp." The Society at one 
 
 15 
 
time had him nominated for membership, but the Moderator vetoed the 
 election. In the early days of Philo, men lived in a far simpler way than 
 they do now. The old Philo Hall was heated by a stove and lighted by 
 astral lamps. Occasionally an appropriation was made of two or three 
 dollars to have the room decorated with a new coat of whitewash. The 
 Society was by no means exempt from pecuniary troubles. In the trou- 
 blous times of 1837, a special meeting was called on Saturday morning, to 
 consider the financial condition of the Society, and the following resolution 
 was passed : " All members shall pay their debts to this Society in specie, 
 or in notes of specie-paying banks, or notes of the city corporation." On the 
 whole, however, Philo has been rather a prosperous society in regard to 
 money affairs, and it spent its money freely on its library, lecture courses 
 and orations. The library has always received considerable attention, and 
 standard works in all departments of knowledge have been added to it as 
 the funds of the Society permitted. It is interesting in the pages of the 
 Minutes, and to note how this or that book was to be purchased, " as soon 
 as it came out." For instance, my eye falls on a motion to buy a " com- 
 plete edition of Pickwick Papers as soon as published." Philo not only 
 purchased books but also reviewed them. Time and again some author 
 would send the Society a volume of his works, in order that they might 
 review it. In such cases the Moderator appointed a committee to review 
 the book, and the report of this committee would be generally accepted 
 and forwarded to the author. Philo's own publications have been almost 
 entirely the catalogue of her members and library, the Biennial and other 
 orations delivered before her, and the University Magazine. 
 
 The greatest piece of work which she ever did was to publish the book 
 on the Rosetta Stone, of which an account will be found elsewhere in this 
 volume. Among her own members she fostered the literary spirit, not only in 
 the regular weekly exercises, but also by offering yearly prizes for the best 
 orations, essays and debates. A magazine was also carried on, which was 
 read at every meeting. Editors were statedly appointed, and a regular 
 magazine was written containing essays, stories, poems and items of interest. 
 From time to time, propositions were made for the publication of a maga- 
 zine, such as that published by the Zelosophic Society. There may have 
 
 i6 
 
been a magazine published about 1817, as there is a record of fifty dollars 
 being raised to help along the publication of the magazine. No copy is 
 extant, nor is there any further mention made of it until 1875. Then it 
 was decided to publish a monthly magazine in the interest of Philo and 
 the University at large. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude, 
 but the magazine is witness to the able way in which the self-imposed task 
 was performed. At the beginning of every month, men were appointed 
 by the Moderator to contribute to the magazine. The work was continued 
 for several years before it was given up, and the Pennsylvanian started in 
 its place, as a general college paper. 
 
 One of the old institutions of Philo has long since been done away. 
 It was what is styled in the minutes as " Papers in the Box." A box was 
 placed in the library room, into which any member might drop an essay, 
 criticism or humorous sketch, and at the following meeting the box was 
 opened and the papers read. Perhaps the best way to form some idea of 
 the character of these anonymous papers wiU be by a list of the names 
 of a few of them : " Gum Sneezer," " Flinkeria," " Philo Eeview," " The 
 Adventurer," " The Obsena," " Censor and Monitor," " The Lash," " Me- 
 nagerie," " Evening Sentinel," " The Argus," " Caricaturist," " Planet " 
 (1840), "Gad-Fly," " Yonker Sketches No. 1," "Thunderjug." 
 
 They appear to have often become personal in their references, and 
 the minutes of several meetings end abruptly. After stating that a certain 
 paper was read, the Secretary simply adds : "Meeting adjourned in great 
 disorder." At other times the paper was condemned by the Society, and 
 was cremated then and there in the stove. 
 
 In 1829, a Zelosophic Society was founded and given rooms near 
 those of Philo. From the very first, a strong rivalry existed between the 
 two societies, and every effort was made to excel the other in students, in 
 scholarship, and in oratory. Debates were often held in which each society 
 put forth its champions. This rivalry had an excellent effect not only on 
 the members of the societies, but also on the college in general. The con- 
 tests, however, were not always confined to words, but often took a more 
 warlike form, and many a man has come out of the struggles bearing scars 
 which to-day remind him of his College days. Raids were made on each 
 
 (2) 17 
 
other's rooms, and the locksmith and carpenter were always in demand. 
 Many of the Zelo members were Southern men, and consequently all dis- 
 cussion of the slavery question was forbidden in that Society. The story 
 is told of two hot-headed lads, who determined that that question should 
 be discussed. They came fully prepared for the discussion, which was pre- 
 faced by one of the brothers drawing from his pocket a pistol and laying it 
 on the rostrum before him, with the remark that " the subject of slavery 
 will be discussed this evening." It is needless to say that the subject was 
 fully discussed. 
 
 The struggle between the two societies was carried on until the re- 
 moval to West Philadelphia, when the Zelosophic Society weakened, and 
 finally ceased to exist. While in a weak condition, Philo made a proposi- 
 tion for the assimilation of Zelo, but this was never effected. It is to be 
 lamented that the society did disappear, for the loss of the rivalry has been 
 felt in these later years of Philo's life. 
 
 The fiftieth Anniversary of Philo was fittingly celebrated in the hall 
 ^f the University, on the sixth of October, 1863. The exercises consisted 
 -of addresses of welcome by the Moderator, an address by Dr. Hays, who 
 presided, a speech by Dr. Cruse, an oration by Dr. Kinston, an address by 
 Dr. Hall, and the benediction by the Provost. The Faculty, the Board of 
 Trustees, and many honorary members were present. It is entered upon 
 the minutes that Henry Clay was also present on this occasion, and was 
 presented with a badge of the Society ; but as Henry Clay died in 1852, 
 it seems probable that a slip of the pen was made by the Secretary. 
 What the badges of the Society have been is hard to determine. The 
 first badge seems to have been of white silk, on which was printed the 
 design used as the seal on the Diplomas. In 1849, a plain gold star was 
 adopted, but the silk badge was still used, as we find the Committee of 
 Arrangements instructed from time to time to purchase silver fringe 
 for them. In 1851, another ten years after, the star was adopted to change 
 the badge, and a new one was adopted. This led to a protest by the Senior 
 members, which caused the society to rescind its former motion, and the 
 badge was left unchanged. The following addition was made in the Con- 
 stitution in consequence of this friction between the Junior and Senior 
 
 is 
 
members : " It shall require the unanimous vote of all the Junior mem- 
 bers to change the badge of the Society." Later in the year a committee 
 was appointed to effect a compromise on the question of the badge. There 
 is no record that any such compromise ever took place, but in the present 
 badge, the star appears, so it is probable that it is the result of this com- 
 promise. The debates in Philo are not without interest. She has always 
 been in close contact with the world outside the college walls, and is often 
 a safe guide as to the spirit of the times. Space does not allow the quoting 
 of more than two of the debate subjects : "Is it probable that the Abo- 
 lition of slavery would be attended by the dissolution of the Union ? " 
 was decided (1840) in the affirmative. The question : " Can this Uni- 
 niversity ever rise to the same degree of eminence as Harvard or Yale ? " 
 was decided (1850) in the negative by a large majority. 
 
 Like all other institutions, the Society has had its days of pros- 
 perity and its days of adversity, as the interest of the students deepened 
 or lessened. There have always been a faithful few, however, to carry 
 on the work ; and their devoted spirits fanned the flickering flame into 
 a glorious Hght. It is told that often during the year 1859, only two 
 members attended the meetings. Both were smokers, but smoking was 
 forbidden and punished by a fine. Even at such a time the laws of 
 the Society were obeyed, but in the following way : As the Censor, one 
 had a right to fine in the hall ; as the librarian, the other had a right to 
 fine in the library. So taking their pipes, they would place their chairs 
 near the door, and thus each sitting in his own domain they would pass 
 the evening in reading and conversation. 
 
 The interest in Philo's work has deepened greatly in the last few years, 
 and her roll has contained the names of the best men in College. The 
 students have recognized what a valuable auxiliary to the regular College 
 work is the training which the exercises give, and have not been slow to 
 avail themselves of such opportunities. The social side of the years in 
 Philo has been the means of forming many a friendship whose bonds have 
 only been severed by death. 
 
 Philo has finished seventy-five years of her active life, and in those 
 years she has sent forth many a true and loyal son, who in the pulpit or at 
 
 19 
 
the bar, by the sick bed or in Legislative hall, in the army or in the Com- 
 monwealth, has won a name for himseK by the exercise of the qualities of 
 thought, energy and self-content which he learned in her halls. 
 
 Seventy-five years of noble work call for the congratulations of her 
 sons, and the earnest wish that her progress may always be 
 
 SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. 
 
ACCOUNT 
 
 Seventy-fifth Anniversary Celebration 
 
 OF THE FOUNDING OF THE 
 
 PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY, 
 
 Wednesday, December 5, and Thursday, December 6, 
 
The 75'th Anniversary Celebration. 
 
 TN that ceaseless war of ideas and words through stress of which has 
 emerged our present classical college course, amid all the flotsam and 
 jetsam which has accompanied the breaking up of the old structure and 
 the re-organization of our collegiate curriculum according to modern peda- 
 gogical notions, no one has as yet been found who, in this age of universal 
 interrogation, has questioned the value of the college literary fraternity. 
 The classics, mathematics, the sciences, modern languages have each in 
 turn been forced to endure the search-light of carping criticism and refute 
 as best they might the attacks of those who sought to displace them by 
 other subjects more favored for a bearing upon general culture or mental 
 discipline. But the training derived from a conscientious and consistent 
 attendance upon the meetings of a literary society during the period of a 
 college course has been by common consent acknowledged superior to cavil. 
 Although work of this kind is done after college duties are over, although 
 in a vast majority of cases the most brilliant feats of oratory within the 
 society hall secure no official recognition from the Faculty in the way of 
 credit for the literary work performed, yet the substantial character of the 
 benefits derived by the speaker, the stimulating and vivifying eflfect of these 
 forensic battles upon the minds of the students, have given the literary so- 
 ciety a fame far-reaching and enduring throughout the land. Who does 
 not know of the Oxford Union ; that celebrated school from which men 
 leap full-panoplied into English political life ? Who does not know of the 
 Harvard Union, modelled upon her English predecessor ? And who that 
 ever lived in Philadelphia since the opening of the century, and Avas inter- 
 ested in the remotest degree in our Alma Mater, does not know of Philo ? 
 We who to-day are glad to acknowledge our debt to her fostering care, 
 
 23 
 
who owe to her more than we can ever pay for the literary training she has 
 given us, are apt to forget that we are only the last in the splendid succes- 
 sion of men who have sojourned beneath her roof, and who halted to-day 
 in their busy lives, cast back their thoughts thirty, forty or fifty years and 
 say, " Philo. Yes, God bless her. How is old Philo getting on ? " "VVe 
 did not know the precious legacy we held ; we, who with steps that some- 
 times faltered, and with deeds that often came far short of our ideals, strove 
 to carry on the work entrusted to us. But when the replies began to come 
 to our preliminary circular, when the letters were read in the committee, 
 pledging cordial support and co-operation, to the work of the undergradu- 
 ates, many of them from men long since immersed in the business world, 
 then we took fresh courage and said, " If that is Avhat Philo has been to 
 them, we will show them when they come to us in December what it is to 
 us." This was the inspiration under which we Avorked ; this was the mo- 
 tive force of the Philo 75th Anniversary Celebration which it is the pur- 
 pose of these pages modestly to set forth. 
 
 The movement to mark in a befitting and dignified manner the 75th 
 birthday of our Society began to take shape in the spring of 1888. Philo 
 was strong in numbers and in infiuence. To Philo men went all the col- 
 lege literary prizes, as a matter of course. The prestige of editing the 
 University Magazine still hung over us. The Commencement appoint- 
 ments and class oratorical assignments were regarded by Philo men very 
 much as an English Lord formerly regarded a pocket borough. Nor were 
 these undeserved compliments, nor empty boastings. Philo had proved 
 her worthiness by a long succession of triumphs in the field. Therefore, 
 even before the class of '88 graduated, though it could take no part in the 
 proceedings of the anniversary, the Society selected its committee to whom 
 it entrusted the care of the celebration. This committee, carefully chosen 
 and unanimously elected, consisted of Samuel M. Lindsay '89, Clement IST. 
 C. Brown '89, Edward W. Mumford '89, J. Clayton Mitchell '89, William 
 Wilson Barr, Jr. '90, W. Herbert Burk '90, and Henry I. Brown '91. 
 To each member of this committee was assigned certain work to be per- 
 formed during the summer in the way of getting together material for this 
 record. Before we met again in the fall, death had claimed one of our 
 
 24 
 
number, and Philo had lost one of the bravest, truest, most manly men who 
 ever entered her hall. Permit me here to place this small tribute to the 
 memory of my dear friend, William Wilson Barr, Jr. Hugh Walker 
 Ogden, '90, was elected to the vacancy, and James Mad. L. Eckard, '91, 
 was elected to the place of H. I. Brown, who had left college. With these 
 two changes the committee stood as first constituted until the celebration 
 was over. 
 
 It is needless to dwell in detail upon the work of those fall months. 
 There was a vast amount of administration connected with an event so im- 
 portant as we were determined Philo's celebration should be, and corre- 
 spondence, personal interviews, committee meetings, etc., kept us busy from 
 week to week. It was decided to give to our Alumni, who desired to do so, 
 an opportunity to aid us in the work financially, as well as morally, and 
 nothing could bear stronger testimony to the solid material value they 
 placed upon Philo's services than the way in which they responded to our 
 appeal. Two circulars were sent out during the fall, and a large number 
 of the Alumni were visited personally to explain to them what we were 
 doing, and to interest them in the work. Everywhere we were greeted 
 with ready responses and cordial co-operation, assurances of peculiar inter- 
 est and pledges of future support. In order to give the celebration as 
 universal a scope as possible, an Auxiliary Committee of the Alumni was 
 formed, which consisted of George Tucker Bispham '58, William Pepper 
 '62, Austin A. Phelps, '40, Henry Morton '57, Christopher Magee '52, 
 Charles W. Freedley '75, and William Howard Falkner '83. This com- 
 mittee co-operated actively with the undergraduate committee, and was of 
 very material assistance in the work. As the time drew near for the con- 
 summation of our task, it was decided that the celebration should be 
 extended over two evenings. This was the year for the Biennial oration, 
 and it was deemed best to incorporate that with the other proceedings. 
 Replies were received from the gentlemen who had been asked to address 
 the audience on the first evening, and also an acceptance from Hampton 
 L. Carson, Esq., who had been invited to be the orator of the occasion. 
 In anticipation of the visit of many of our old Alumni, the contract 
 was let to paint the rooms and generally renovate the society's quarters. 
 
 25 
 
We need not say with what feelings of anxious delight and tremu- 
 lous enthusiasm we saw that important day arrive, the fifth of Dec, 1888. 
 We of the committee could many a tale unfold of yeoman labor doughtily 
 achieved that day. Excused from recitations, we wrestled with refractory 
 platforms and chapel benches harder than ever did Greek or Roman with 
 his opponents, and evening found us tired but triumphant, with the chapel 
 banked with ferns and flowers, the seats in order for our distinguished 
 guests, the orchestra and glee club in their places, and every one in a 
 glow of enthusiasm for what was to come. No one need ask if our 
 first night was a success. The fledgling freshman who, awe-struck, an- 
 nounced at 7.20, "Why, boys, there is some one there already," was 
 soon succeeded by others who informed the august society, now robing 
 in the hall above, that the chapel was packed, and only a narrow aisle 
 left clear, up which we were to pass to the platform. Down we went, 
 fifty of us in line, headed by the Moderator and Judge Hare, who had 
 kindly consented to preside that evening. To the inspiring strains of a 
 march, played by the University Orchestra, we filed in to find ourselves 
 upon the platform facing one of the largest audiences the chapel ever 
 held. Many old Philomatheans were there in the audience, many old 
 friends and familiar faces, many sons of Philomatheans, and daughters, 
 too, all expectant, a very goodly company. The programme of the ex- 
 ercises was as follows : 
 
 March University Orchestra. 
 
 Entrance of the Society. 
 
 Address C. N. C. Brown, '89, Moderator. 
 
 Address Hon. J. I. Clarke Hare, '34. 
 
 JUDGE HARE WILL PRESIDE. 
 Songs by the University Glee Club. 
 
 Address George Tucker Bispham, Esq., '58 
 
 Address Herbert Welsh, Esq., '71. 
 
 Music by University Orchestra. 
 
 ' Address Prof. Henry Morton, '57. 
 
 Address Jos. DeF. Junkin, Esq., '74. 
 
 Songs by the Glee Club. 
 
 26 
 
Address Dr. William Pepper, '62, Provost of the Univ. of Pa. 
 
 ' ' The Place of Literary Societies in College Life. ' ' 
 
 March University Orchestra. 
 
 Informal Reception by the Society. 
 
 After the entrance of the Society, the opening address was delivered 
 by C. N. C. Brown, the Moderator, who gave a short sketch of the Society 
 and spoke of its work in supplementing the college curriculum. He 
 pointed to Philo's pre-eminence among similar organizations by reason of her 
 venerable age, and congratulated the audience upon being present to assist 
 in the celebration. He mentioned a few of the names prominent in the 
 annals of the nations who had received preliminary training in Philo Hall 
 and dwelt upon the value of such preparatory work to one who looked 
 forward to a public career. In closing, Mr. Brown, in a few graceful and 
 happy sentences, introduced Judge Hare as the President of the evening. 
 As the honored Judge stepped forward to accept the place, a simultaneous 
 burst of applause came from all parts of the chapel, and his first remarks 
 were completely drowned in this torrent of enthusiasm. After a moment's 
 hesitation, Judge Hare went on, and in a very feeling manner spoke of the 
 high estimation he placed upon such a society as Philo. He referred to it 
 as a person, for whom he entertained a strong affection, and closed by 
 wishing old Philo many years of lusty gro^vth and vigor. Mr. Bispham, of 
 the Auxiliary Committee, then prefaced his remarks by an apology for not 
 having prepared a written address, pleading, as an excuse, the pressure of his 
 professional duties. He spoke of Philo as he had known her, and, assum- 
 ing somewhat a warning tone, told present Philomatheans what they had 
 the power to make of themselves and the Society. Mr. Bispham's remarks 
 were earnest and pointed, and the applause showed that his words had had 
 their effect. Mr. "Welsh then entertained the audience for a few moments 
 with some striking parallels and contrasts between the Dakota Indians, 
 whom he had just left, and the society he then faced. Evidently, college 
 was not all work when Mr. Welsh was a student, and his stories of Philo 
 life and deeds, twenty years ago, were well received. Professor Morton 
 was known to us all. We had all learned to regard the book on the Ro- 
 setta stone, published by a committee of which he was a member, with 
 
 27 
 
jealous care as one of our priceless treasures, a sort of earnest of what 
 Philo could do wlien she tried. He said a few words of the work of that 
 committee, and spoke pleasantly of the Philo spirit which had animated 
 him to it. Then falling also into a vein of reminiscences, he spoke of his 
 college-days, and read some extracts from a valedictory which he had de- 
 livered while at college. The contrast between the dignified, stately man, 
 standing on the platform, and the sophomoric eloquence of the production 
 read, created no little merriment. Mr. Junkin came last upon the list, but 
 his address was the wittiest of the evening. He said that, as Professor 
 Morton had given the audience a valedictory, he would tell them of a 
 salutatory which he once gave, and described how, on his graduation, being 
 pressed for time, he had simply quoted " De Senectute," verbatim, — a thing 
 which, he said, with the superior Latinity of modern Philomatheans we 
 would, of course, not be able to do without detection. His address con- 
 tained much sound and practical advice, and was heartily applauded. 
 
 The Provost had expected to be present, and had promised to deliver 
 an address, but, unfortunately, a heavy cold prevented him from fulfilling 
 the engagement. The letter conveying his regrets was read from the plat- 
 form by Judge Hare. Dr. Pepper said in substance : 
 
 " It is with no ordinary regret that I find myself unable to be present 
 this evening at the ceremonies of the seventy-fifth anniversary of our ven- 
 erated Philomathean Society. Years have brought to her dignity and 
 reputation, but they have not lessened her vigor and energy. Far from 
 it ; indeed, at no former period has her prosperity been so great, her influ- 
 ence so conspicuous, or the zeal and devotion of her members, past and 
 present, so earnest and efiicient. This occasion is not only an anniversary 
 of honest work and good life through years in the past ; it is also, even in 
 a large measure, a sevice of congratulation upon a well-assured hope of a 
 brilliant future, of enlarging fame and usefulness through all the grand 
 career of our dear Alma Mater. 
 
 The proceedings of the evening were concluded by an informal recep- 
 tion by the members of the Society. 
 
 Many availed themselves of the invitation extended to call upon 
 Philo in her own quarters, and learned from actual experience the ulterior 
 
 28 
 
significance of that portion of her motto which refers to the stars. The 
 old members were most cordial in their appreciative comments upon the 
 decorations of the Philo Hall, and lived over again for the moment their 
 former triumphs on the Philo rostrum. The whole of the main building 
 was thrown open for inspection, and most enthusiastic interest was mani- 
 fested everywhere in the Society and its work. 
 
 The exercises of the second evening were avowedly of a different char- 
 acter. The plan for the first night had been to recall Philo memories and 
 give opportunity for Philo spirit by a number of short, incisive addresses. 
 Thursday evening was the occasion of the Biennial Oration, and the audi- 
 ence, while possibly somewhat smaller than that of the preceding evening, 
 was one rarely appreciative of the intellectual feast spread before them. 
 The programme was as follows : 
 
 March University Orchestra. 
 
 Entrance of the Society. 
 
 Introductory Address The Moderator. 
 
 BiENNiAi< Oration Hampton L,. Carson, Esq., '71. 
 
 Subject: "American Citizenship." 
 
 Music University Orchestra. 
 
 Songs by the Glee Club. 
 
 March Orchestra. 
 
 Exit of the Society. 
 
 Mr. Carson's oration was probably the finest ever delivered before the 
 Society. His reputation, as a lawyer, an author, and an orator, was well 
 known. Suffice it to say, that the speaker's reputation was fully sustained 
 by his] words that evening, and we are happy in the ability to ofier his 
 speech in print, in another part of this record, through the courtesy of 
 Mr. Carson. 
 
 The orator of the evening speaks in a pleasing and captivating man- 
 ner. He has a quiet dignity and easy grace that won his audience from 
 the first sentence. Mr. Carson's studies have been largely in the constitu- 
 tional history of our country, and the brilliant and comprehensive way in 
 which he handled his subject, "American Citizenship," gave proof that his 
 knowledge of fact was equal to his power of exposition. 
 
 29 
 
After the conclusion of the exercises, the PhilomatheanSj accompanied 
 by the Orchestra, the Glee Club, and many of the Professors and Alumni 
 of the University, adjourned to the Law Room, where a collation was 
 served by the Society. After this had received due consideration, Mr. J. 
 Douglass Brown, Jr., of the Class of '79, was introduced by the Moderator 
 as the toast-master of the evening. He called upon different members of 
 the Faculty and several graduates for speeches. 
 
 Professor McElroy responded for himself and his colleagues, and told 
 how the Philo men stood in his class-room. Professor Fullerton told us 
 that the Alumni Hall would soon be a tangible reality. Rev. Jesse Y. 
 Burk spoke for " The Clerical Philomatheans ;" Henry T. Dechert, on 
 " Legal Philomatheans ;" D. W. Amram, '87, on " The Needs of Philo ;" 
 E. G. McCoUin, on " The University Magazine," and Dr. George Dana 
 Boardman, of the Board of Trustees, on " The Society." Other impromptu 
 speeches were made, which, with songs and stories, made the time pass all 
 too quickly. We separated reluctantly at last, feeling that Philo was well 
 worthy of our love and veneration, and prophesying long life in the future 
 for any society that could muster such a body of enthusiastic alumni. 
 Apart from any question of the pleasure or disappointment of the occasion, 
 without regard to the newly-furnished rooms, or any material benefit, the 
 seventy-fifth anniversary was a tremendous stimulus to Philo in the college 
 itself It brought us into contact with the older men, it taught us what 
 they thought and felt about the organization, it set us hunting Philo's his- 
 tory for ourselves in the old records and minute-books, and, best of all, it 
 aroused unlimited confidence and love for the old Society, to see how potent 
 her name yet was to evoke enthusiasm from those many years graduated 
 from her shelterino- roof. 
 
 30 
 
BIENNIAL ORATION 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE 
 
 Seventy-fifth Anniversary Celebration 
 
 PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY, 
 
 HAMPTON L. CARSON. 
 
 31 
 
American Citizenship. 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 You have been summoned by the invitation of the Philomathean Society 
 to unite in the joyous celebration of its seventy-fifth anniversary, and, as a 
 part of the exercises appropriate to the occasion, the biennial oration has 
 been included. If I yielded to the suggestions of time and place, I would 
 attempt to trace the history of the Society from its estabhshment, in Octo- 
 ber, 1813, to the present, with brief sketches of the founders and those men 
 who became noted, accompanied by a few reflections upon the influence 
 and use of literary societies in the mental training of youth ; but I am 
 advised that this work has been committed to the very efiicieut hands of 
 the Anniversary Committee, the result of whose labors will be published. 
 I am also reminded that this ground was very thoroughly trodden by the 
 distinguished gentlemen who addressed you last evening, and entertained 
 as well as instructed you by their personal reminiscences. 
 
 Debarred, then, from entering upon a topic so appropriate, I am 
 thrown back upon a subject which has evolved itself, in a measure, from my 
 own recollections of Philomathean days. I recall with pleasure the many 
 happy hours of discussion and debate upon literary, philosophic, pohtical, 
 and economic questions ; hours, sacred to the Muses, which I can remem- 
 ber with no other regret than that they can return no more-; hours, such 
 as those of which the poet, Cowley, wrote : 
 
 "We spent them, not in toys, or lust, or wine ; 
 But search of deep philosophy, 
 Wit, eloquence, and poesy ; 
 Arts which I loved, for they, my friend, were thine. ' ' 
 
 The Philomathean Society is, in truth, a mimic commonwealth ; its 
 government is a pure democracy, where each member enjoys, with his fel- 
 
 3 33 
 
lows, an equal voice and vote. Its exercises, besides imparting an intimate 
 acquaintance with literature and science, and developing the art of extem- 
 poraneous speech, tend strongly to turn the attention to politics in its noblest 
 sense ; and not the least of the benefits they confer are the familiarity with 
 the rules of parhamentary procedure and a consideration of the duties of 
 citizenship. The four years spent within the walls of Philo — as her chil- 
 dren affectionately call her — are not without abundant fruit in later years, 
 and many of her sons, who have won renown at the bar, in legislative as- 
 semblies, in the lecture-rooms of hospitals, or in the chambers of trade, owe 
 more than they can fairly estimate to the stimulating atmosphere, breathed 
 early in life, that pervades her halls. Trained as Americans are to the 
 discussion of public questions, in which they excel all other peoples of the 
 earth, the source and secret of their power are to be found in their interest 
 in debating societies. In the same manner, and in a similar society, 
 Macaulay, John Stuart Mill, Charles Austin and John Arthur Roebuck 
 jitted themselves for the discharge of the duties of their arduous careers. 
 
 My theme, to-night, is " American Citizenship," — a subject, which, as 
 patriots, we should be ever ready to consider, but which, as busy men and 
 women, oppressed with the cares of life, we are too apt to neglect. No 
 theme can be more inspiring, and yet I know not where to begin, or how 
 to proceed. We live in so happy an age, we possess such freedom of action, 
 we feel so few restraints upon our will, that we are not conscious of the 
 blessings we enjoy. Our liberties are like the air we breathe, or the water 
 we drink, — unthought of, but life-sustaining. 
 
 It is but a few years ago, if we measure time past by centuries, when 
 the masses possessed no pohtical rights ; when men dared not express their 
 real thoughts; save under the terror of an impending sword ; when no one 
 could safely dissent from the worship of the Established Church, or ques- 
 tion the authority of his spiritual adviser. To-day, " we have founded a 
 republic on the unlimited suffrage of the millions ; we have actually worked 
 out the problem, that man, as God created him, may be trusted with self- 
 government ; we have shown the world, that a church without a bishop, 
 and a state without a king, is an actual, real, and everyday possibility ;" 
 and we are educating mankind to a realization of the value of that fact. 
 
 34 
 
Take up the first book that comes to hand, an ordinary English dic- 
 tionary, and see how many words have become obsolete, or have but an his- 
 torical meaning : churl, thrall, vassal, serf, slave, censor of the press, stake, 
 rack, thumb-screw, inquisition, — fossil history, all of them, bits of perished 
 facts, and vanished states of society. Put them together, and what a pic- 
 ture do they present ! How the imagination repaints those dreadful doings 
 of blood, and cruelty, and wrong ! The eye dwells upon the headsman and 
 the block. The air is still pierced with the shriek of some expiring vic- 
 tim, whose soul is wafted heavenward, amid the brutal jeers of those who 
 burned his body because they could not enslave his mind. That shriek, 
 echoing through the ages, like a whisper among the avalanches, has set the 
 great human mass in motion, and is followed by the crash of buried insti- 
 tutions, and the thunder of falling thrones. Look up, beyond the clouds 
 of smoke which roll from the altars of human sacrifice, and see the enfran- 
 chised spirit, over which man has no power, enthroned and radiant, for the 
 guidance and encouragement of all coming time. Go down into the bowels 
 of the earth, into the dungeons beneath the water, and stand beneath that 
 narrow hole through which, drop by drop, the river ate its way into the 
 brain, which would not recant the faith which made the heart so brave. 
 Ascend the scaffold with Russell or Sidney, or gaze on the mutilated limbs 
 of Cornish at Temple Bar. Remember the mouths of the Lion at Venice, 
 or recall the horrors of the Bastile, and tell me where is the man, now 
 living so imbruted and debased, who will not acknowledge his debt of 
 gratitude to God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, which we 
 now enjoy! 
 
 The liberty which we worship is liberty according to law, where, un- 
 der the protection of a government whose foundations have been broadly 
 and wisely laid, each man can worship God according to the untrammelled 
 dictates of his own conscience, and enjoy life, liberty, the use of property, 
 and the pursuits of happiness in his own manner, without hindrance from 
 anybody, so long as he does not infringe his neighbor's equal rights. 
 
 Surely, there can be no higher patriotic duty for any of us to perform 
 than to study with reverence the work of the fathers of our republic. It is 
 true that there are other subjects more stirring in incident, or more capti- 
 
 35 
 
vating to the fancy, but none more rich in results which have blessed and 
 benefited mankind. All that preceded the building of our Constitution 
 would have been lost or squandered, and all that has followed it would 
 have been materially different in character, had not the fruits of our Revo- 
 lutionary struggles been preserved for all time in the Constitution of the 
 United States. It was upon this great structure that the political archi- 
 tects of the day lavished their intellectual wealth, and hence to the philo- 
 sophic student of our institutions, both here and elsewhere, there can be no 
 period more curious, or which will better repay his investigations. It is 
 the contribution of America to the science of politics. It is her attempt 
 to solve that vexed problem, which, from times long before the days of 
 Plato, has agitated man. 
 
 It is not the blind partiality of national prejudice to speak of our 
 heroes in terms of admiration, nor is it mere enthusiasm to speak 
 of their work in words of praise. The men of our Revolution will 
 compare favorably with those of any race or age whom history has 
 recognized as great. Their characters were noble, their temper was tried 
 by the severest tests, and their experience covered every field of human 
 activity. As soldiers, they were distinguished ; no generals ever surpassed 
 Washington and Greene in sagacity or in the power of wresting victory 
 from defeat. As orators, they were illustrious ; few men ever equalled the 
 fire of Henry, or the classic elegance of Lee. As writers, they were pre- 
 eminent ; in nineteen hundred years but one Thomas Jefierson has arisen 
 to pen such a document as the Declaration of Independence. Not Swift 
 and Addison produced such profound results as pamphleteers as Paine 
 and Franklin. As statesmen, they rank among the foremost of the world : 
 Hamilton, and Madison, and Jay, in the power of constructive intellect, 
 will yield to none in either ancient or modern Europe. 
 
 The Constitution of the United States was the masterpiece of master 
 minds. It is, fitly speaking, their crown and glory. It contains the best 
 thoughts of statesmen trained in the best schools. It embodies the politi- 
 cal experience of the English race, and ranks with Magna Charta and the 
 Bill of Rights as a bulwark of human freedom. 
 
 I am going to ask you, therefore, to consider with me the influences 
 
 36 
 
which contributed to the production of the political rights which we enjoy 
 to-day. 
 
 American citizenship is a product, a growth, a creation. The state- 
 ment may seem inconsistent or extravagant, and yet, properly considered, 
 it is true. Those peculiar political and individual conditions, which existed 
 in the colonies prior to the outbreak of the Revolution, were the products 
 of time past and alien influences. The conditions, which existed from 
 1774 to 1787, were continuous growths upon American soil ; while the 
 immediate work of 1787, — the Constitution of the United States, — was a 
 creation. Mr. Gladstone recognized this distinction, when he said : " As 
 the British Constitution is the most subtile organism which has proceeded 
 from progressive history, so the American Constitution is the most Avonder- 
 ful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man.' ' 
 
 In analyzing the complex result, which is embodied in the phenomena 
 of to-day, we discover three classes of forces steadily in operation, — the 
 intellectual, the ethnological, and the physical. In tracing the eflfects of 
 the first of these, we perceive in the writings and speeches of the fathers 
 of the Republic a familiarity with the works of the great writers upon 
 government — whether Greek, Roman, French, or English — and a wealth 
 of classic learning now sadly out of use among the statesmen of the 
 present time. 
 
 The most illustrious of the ancient writers upon government was, un- 
 doubtedly, Aristotle, who garnered in his capacious mind all the learning 
 of his day. It is true that Socrates had taught, as the basis of property, 
 that " the product of a man's labor and the issues of his activity were 
 his : that no one could have a right or claim consistent with the truth of 
 things to appropriate the fruith of that growth, whereof the root and the 
 stem, and the living branches, and the vital juices are a necessary part ;" 
 and Plato, in his lofty dreams, had constructed an ideal republic, giving a 
 finished picture of justice, displaying some masterly sketches of polity and 
 philosophy, in which education was represented as the foundation of gov- 
 ernment, and the fine arts as the handmaids of virtue, but it was left to 
 Aristotle to define and arrange the principles of the science. In the third 
 book of " The Politics," he compares a commonwealth to a partnership, 
 
 37 
 
and declares a citizen to be one who is a partner in the legislative and 
 judicial power (^ueroxog i^pideug ii,al apxm) Men must be partners in some 
 things, or in all. The question naturally arises, how far does this commu- 
 nity of interests extend ? Has the partnership its defined limits, or ought 
 all things, — wives, children, lands, and goods, — to be held in common, as 
 maintained by Plato ? Shrinking from a Communism so rank, he endeav- 
 ors to ascertain the quantity, as well as quality, of the various interests of 
 the partners, — in mercantile phrase, to appraise their shares, — and, in the 
 efibrt to unravel intricate proportions so as to harmonize the jarring ele- 
 ments of birth, wealth, talents, and industry, applies a species of moral 
 geometry totally at variance with our modern axioms of political equality. 
 " Civil society," he says, " is not a mass, but a system which, like every 
 system, implies a distribution of parts, with many moral as well as physical 
 difierences, relative and reciprocal, the powers and perfections of one part 
 supplying the incapacities and defects of another. To form a common- 
 wealth from elements of equal value, or of equal dignity, is an attempt 
 not less absurd than that of composing a piece of music from one and the 
 same note." 
 
 I cannot pause to state the method by which the great, Greek phi- 
 losopher determined the extent of the share of political power to be enjoyed 
 by each citizen, but it is sufficient to observe that it is based upon distribu- 
 tions into classes and sects, totally inconsistent with our doctrines of uni- 
 versal suffrage and the rights of majorities. In the early governments, 
 kings and oligarchs were amenable to the gods alone ; restraints, limita- 
 tions upon power, checks to arbitrary authority, were unknown; council 
 and assemblies sometimes existed, but they were " shadows, not substantial- 
 things," and obedience was the measure of their duty. As Wachsmuth 
 has observed, " Citizenship, in the heroic age, only existed so far as the 
 condition of aliens or domestic slaves was its negative. The State and 
 its safety were the objects of supreme importance." To this end the indi- 
 vidual was sacrificed. The grand idea, that government is established to 
 protect the individual — no matter what his rank or condition — in the en- 
 joyment of certain inherent and inalienable rights, had no place in the 
 political philosophy of the ancients. 
 
 38 
 
Cicero adopted the thought, almost the language, of Aristotle, when 
 he said, " Concord in States is like harmony in music. The one results 
 from the differences and relations of distinct and most dissimilar sounds ; 
 the other, from the distribution of rank among the citizens, the high, the 
 low, and the middle order which is interposed between them." Although 
 he loftily exclaimed, " Cives liberi estis propter leges vestras," and, again, 
 " Liberty is the power of doing that which is not forbidden by law," yet 
 the system which he extolled was poisoned by the doctrine, that whatever 
 was pleasing to the prince had the authority of law. The indignant pro- 
 test against the scourge of Verres, " I am a Roman citizen," embodied not 
 so much a declaration of the sanctity of the person as an assertion of special 
 privileges conferred upon a favored class. Although the Roman eagles 
 carried the Roman law over a large portion of the earth, yet it was a law 
 based upon class-distinctions, upon divisions between patricians and ple- 
 beians, which recognized slavery, which was stained by atrocious cruelties 
 to the debtor class ; which armed the father with the power of life and 
 death over his children, so that he could expose them when infants, or im- 
 prison, scourge, chain them to rustic labor, or even sell them, although 
 they might be of full age, or in the enjoyment of high state offices ; a law 
 which put the wife completely in the power of her husband, and reduced 
 her to the condition of a slave; a laAv which, while it conferred many 
 important pubhc privileges, and abounded in just and reasonable rules in 
 relation to property, was utterly destitute of any recognition of the rights 
 of man as man, and never rose to the conception of popular self-govern- 
 ment. It is true, that in time vast bodies of men of barbaric origin were 
 admitted within the sacred pale of Roman citizenship, but this was due, not 
 so much to a sense of justice, as to the political necessity of recruiting the 
 wasted energies of the empire, or of conciliating dangerous foes. Not un- 
 til Christianity, co-operating with Germanic usages, tempered the severity of 
 the ancient code, did an improved condition of affairs exist. 
 
 The ancients also made certain attempts at associated political con- 
 federacies, such as the Amphyctionic Council, and the Achaian League, 
 but they were unable to resist the disintegrating tendencies of mutual jeal- 
 ousies, of foreign intrigue, and the folly and rashness of their own 
 
 39 
 
officers. Such were the lessons of the far distant past, which were present to 
 the thoughts and deliberations of the fathers of our Republic, not as lights 
 to guide, but as beacons to warn them of the dangers of their way. Here 
 was Scylla, there was Charybdis, and yonder were the rocks of Acroce- 
 raunia. 
 
 Another and a far more important part of the mental equipment of the 
 fathers consisted of the lessons taught by the great writers of another race, 
 whose remote ancestors were strangers to the arts of Greece, or the refine- 
 ments of Italy. They had never walked in the groves of the Academy, or 
 viewed the splendors of the Forum ; they could never have fashioned the 
 Venus of Milo, or built the Coliseum ; they had no enraptured visions of 
 liberty, and did not engage in philosophical discussions upon principles of 
 public law, but yet, wild, uncouth, barbaric, to them liberty, equality and 
 fraternity were not theories, but accompHshed facts. They owned their 
 own soU ; they dwelt in their own houses ; they held their women in high 
 esteem ; they chose their chieftains by untrammelled votes. They pushed 
 their prows through the foam of angry seas, and caught from their con- 
 flicts with the elements a spirit of self-reliance, as tough as the fibres of 
 the storm-twisted oak. They were brothers of Eric the Red, and Rollo the 
 Rover. 
 
 They smote the tottering power of Rome, drove back the Picts 
 and Danes, established themselves in England, and, after centuries of slow 
 development, mixed with a strain of Norman blood, produced the man, — 
 Stephen De Langton, perhaps, — who wrote the twenty-ninth chapter of 
 " Magna Charta." Four hundred years of mighty political gestation fol- 
 lowed, and John Locke was born. He wrote : " The original compact, 
 which begins and actually constitutes any political society, is nothing but 
 the consent of any number of freemen capable of a majority to unite and 
 incorporate into such a society. And this is that, and that only, which 
 could give beginning to any lawful government in the world." From this 
 maxim he deduces the inalienable right of mankind to be self-governed, 
 that is : to be their own legislators and their own directors, or to appoint 
 representatives who may exercise a delegated sovereignty essentially in the 
 people at large. Thence results the right to fair representation, and from 
 
 40 
 
this follows, by necessary consequence, the right of universal suffrage, uni- 
 versal eligibility, and the just right of the majority to rule. The new sys- 
 tem had had its prophets, — men, who, in moments of inspiration, had 
 caught ghmpses of the State that was to be. More had written his " Uto- 
 pia," and Harrington his " Oceana." Bacon had published his " New 
 Atlantis," and Campanella had composed his " City of the Sun." It had 
 its antagonists. Hobbes had summed up in the " Leviathan " an argument 
 in favor of royal authority entirely free from popular control, and was fol- 
 lowed by Sir Richard Filmer, in his " Patriarcha, or the Natural Power 
 of Kings," basing his views on the doctrines of Aristotle, while Hooker 
 defended the " Church Establishment." It had its martyrs : Sidney and 
 Eussell had perished on the scaffold. In John Locke it found its phi- 
 losopher and oracle, and Molyneux, Price and Priestley became his dis- 
 ciples. It had its practical statesmen, too, — John Hampden and Sir Henry 
 Vane, — and among these none is entitled to higher rank, as a writer upon 
 government, or as the successful founder of a commonwealth, than William 
 Penn. 
 
 The discussion reached the realm of France. A brilliant light arose 
 above the horizon in the person of Baron Montesquieu, who published 
 *' The Spirit of Laws ;" Rousseau discoursed upon " The Origin of In- 
 equahty among Mankind," while Voltaire attacked with bitterness existing 
 institutions. 
 
 The foregoing is an imperfect summary of the intellectual influences 
 which were brought to bear upon the men who formed our Constitution. 
 If time permitted, I would work out my proofs, but I must content myself 
 by referring you to the speeches, pamphlets and essays which appeared 
 from 1750 to 1787. 
 
 Let me now direct your attention to forces which may be termed eth- 
 nological. The American people is not aboriginal. It is of European 
 origin, chiefly British, and, notwithstanding the extent of foreign immigra- 
 tion, still remains so. It was a happy circumstance, as a recent writer has 
 remarked, that America, in the beginning, fell into the hands of the colo- 
 nizing British, — a race, with special fitness for colonization, of vigor and 
 enterprise, and a capacity for self-government. The personal experiences 
 
 41 
 
of the early colonists, the revolutions in which they had engaged, the per- 
 secutions they had endured, the trials and exile they had suflfered, fitted 
 them in an extraordinary manner for expatriation and the building up of 
 a new and mighty nation beyond the sea. The Puritans of New England 
 had, among their leaders, men who had figured with the regicides. They 
 were familiar with the doctrines of personal liberty formally drawn up and 
 stated by Sir Edward Coke, in the " Petition of Eight." In the cabin of 
 the Mayflower they had entered into a solemn written covenant to combine 
 themselves into a civil body-politic, and by virtue thereof to enact, consti- 
 tute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitu- 
 tions, and offices, from time to time, as should be thought most meet and 
 convenient for the general good, to which they promised all due submission 
 and obedience. 
 
 And in Connecticut, with a grim sense of self-reliance, they had 
 resolved to be governed by the laws of God, until they had time ta 
 make better ones. They brought with them the principles of English 
 law, the decisions of English courts as to search-warrants, the quartering 
 of troops, taxation and representation, the liberty of the press and trial by 
 jury, the selection of magistrates and judges. " They brought these max- 
 ims of civil Kberty, not in their libraries, but in their souls ; not as philo- 
 sophical prattle, not as barren generalities, but as rules of conduct ; as a 
 symbol of public duty and private right, to be adhered to with religious 
 fidehty ; and the very first pilgrim, that set his foot upon Plymouth rock, 
 stepped forth a living constitution, armed at all points to defend and per- 
 petuate the liberty, to which he had devoted his whole being." 
 
 In Pennsylvania, the foundations of the commonwealth had been built, 
 not on the imaginary basis of a social compact drawn from metaphysical 
 sources, but upon an introspection of the soul and an assertion of the rights 
 of conscience. In Maryland, the Catholics had proclaimed the freest 
 religious toleration. 
 
 In Virginia, the high and adventurous spirit of the Cavaliers made 
 them but restive subjects of the yoke of tyranny, while, in North Carolina, 
 the descendants of the followers of Kaleigh partook of the elevation of 
 mind of their illustrious leader. 
 
 42 
 
With this great stream of English blood were mingled two small, but 
 noble tributaries. The Dutch, who settled in New York, were the sons of 
 those who, from the walls of starving Leyden, had proclaimed to the fero- 
 cious Spaniard that they would feed on their left arms, and preserve their 
 right to defend their homes from degradation, their shrines from pollution, 
 and their liberties from destruction. In South Carolina, the men who dwelt 
 upon the banks of the Cooper and Ashley, were those who had fled from 
 the terrors which desolated Ffance, after the revocation of the Edict of 
 Nantes. 
 
 The blood of England, Holland, and France, wrung drop by drop by 
 the agony of three frightful persecutions, was thus mingled by the cunning 
 alchemy of human destiny in the alembic of America, to be distilled by 
 the fires of our Revolution into the most precious elixir of the ages. 
 
 Consider, now, the physical environment of the colonists ! Thi-ee 
 thousand miles of ocean, unconquered by steam, on the one hand ; three 
 thousand miles of unbroken forest, on the other ; the intervening coast-line 
 broken nto fragments by broad rivers, expansive bays, and desolate 
 swamps. Fancy the eflTect of two hundred years of a solitude, such as this, 
 upon the mind of the stern pilgrim in the North, or the edict of Nantes 
 men in the South ! Would it not detach him from the old land ? Would 
 he not learn to love the new ? The Tower, the Bastile, the stake, the rack, 
 — all left behind ; liberty, justice, and God, — his companions in the wilder- 
 ness. When he led his bride to the altar, and established a home ; when 
 children multiplied about him, — sons of strength, and daughters of beauty ; 
 when he laid some loved one in the grave ; when the tenderest affections 
 and associations had commingled, would not the very fibres of his being 
 strike their deep roots, and in his heart spring up the mighty sentiment of 
 patriotism ? Would he not exclaim : " This is my land ! I love its noble 
 hills, its fertile valleys, and its sparkling streams ; the air I breathe has 
 never been tainted by the scent of human sacrifice ; the ground I tread is 
 unburdened with the weight of a feudal prison ; the murmur of the sea, 
 the voices of the forest, the eagle mounting to the clouds, remind me that 
 I am free." As the years rolled by, and acres of golden grain rewarded 
 his personal toil ; as houses built by his own hands became a part of his 
 
 43 
 
wealth; as plans of public improvement projected by himself and neigh- 
 bors contributed to his comfort and safety ; as laws, to which he was a 
 party, appeared upon the statute-book ; as magistrates, chosen by himself, 
 gave force and expression to the public will, would he not feel himself to 
 be an active agent in the work of State building, — a most important fac- 
 tor in the problem of popular self-government ? Would he deem it a 
 strange extravagance of thought or speech, if told that " all men are 
 created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalien- 
 able rights ; that, among those, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- 
 ness ; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, 
 deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed " ? As he 
 gazed upon the majestic scenery which met his eye in a boundless domain ; 
 as he travelled over vast territories separated by no foreign Hues or divided 
 allegiances ; as he encountered no clanships, race-prejudices, or enormities ; 
 as his intellect expanded, and his moral sympathies broadened, would he 
 not respond, with a passionate thrill of exultation, to the proud cry of the 
 orator : " I am no longer a Virginian ; I am an American ?" And when 
 his ancient enemy attempted to wrest from him his hard won rights, to op- 
 press his commerce, to tax him without consent, to coerce obedience at the 
 point of the bayonet, would he not spring to arms, and imperil life, liberty, 
 and honor, rather than submit to the condition of a slave ? 
 
 Such, it seems to me, is a simple analysis of the feelings which 
 prompted our fathers to resistance. The idea of complete and perfect 
 union was, however, a matter of gradual growth. The separate establish- 
 ments of the colonies, and the jealous fears of each other which prevailed, 
 yielded but slowly to the pressure of outside forces, and the necessity for a 
 united defence. The earliest effort at combination was that of 1643, known 
 as the New England Confederation, prompted by the need of protection 
 against the Dutch and Indians. It embraced the four colonies of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. Frothingham 
 says : " A good principle was at the bottom of the confederation ; but, 
 noble as were the aims of those who handled it, they had not yet attained 
 to sufficient breadth of view to apply it even to the whole of New England." 
 
 In 1697 William Penn presented to the Board of Trade a plan for 
 
 44 
 
the union of the colonies, providing for a Congress of Deputies, who should 
 meet at least once a year in time of war, or once in two years in time of 
 peace, to debate and resolve upon matters touching the public tranquillity 
 and safety. In the same year the Lords of Trade suggested the appoint- 
 ment of a captain-general over all the colonies, with power to call on the 
 militia of the different provinces, and take command of them when out of 
 their own territory. In 1698 D'Avenant opposed the plan of Penu, and 
 submitted one of his own. In 1701 a criticism of both plans appeared by 
 a Virginian. In the same year Robert Livingston, of New York, suggested 
 two military sections, and in the same year the Earl of Stair devised a plan 
 referred to by Bancroft. In 1721 David Coxe, a citizen of Philadelphia, 
 proposed, with remarkable fulness, a scheme for resisting the dangers of 
 French encroachment, and a possible invasion of the colonies. This was 
 followed, in the same year, by a new plan of the Lords of Trade, alluded 
 to in Keith's "Miscellanies," and by one of Archibald Kennedy in 1751. 
 In 1754 Benjamin Franklin presented to the commissioners from seven 
 colonies, who met at Albany, his celebrated plan of union, " which was re- 
 jected," it has been said, " in America, because it had too much of the 
 prerogative, and in England, because it was too democratic." Once again 
 the Lords of Trade took up the subject, followed by Thomas Hutchison ; 
 and Dr. Samuel Johnson, the president of King's, now Columbia, College, 
 in writing out his thoughts for the Archbishop of Canterbury, pleaded for 
 a bishop, which meant the union of the Church. In 1765 the New York 
 Congress, " The Day-Star of the American Union," proclaimed the Decla- 
 ration of Rights, of which Judge Story has observed that it contained " the 
 best general summary of the rights and liberties asserted by all the colo- 
 nies," in which the ground was finally taken that American liberties were 
 founded on natural rights, and not on royal charters. Then came the 
 Declaration of Rights and No n- Importation Agreement, signed by the 
 First Continental Congress which met in the Hall of the Carpenter's Com- 
 pany, in Philadelphia, 1774, — "that memorable league," as John Adams 
 styled it, " which first expressed the sovereign will of a free nation in 
 America." Then followed in quick succession the immortal Declaration of 
 Independence, of July, 1776, and the Articles of Confederation, reported 
 
 45 
 
in 1777, but not ratified until 1781, The defects of these articles led to 
 the Annapolis Convention, and finally to the Federal Congress which 
 framed the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Thus, stone by stone, was the nation built, — American citizenship was 
 now complete. The world had never seen political architects of such con- 
 summate genius or such varied experience. The framers of the Constitution, 
 inspired by the lofty traditions of their race, admonished by the lessons of 
 of the past, inheriting a remarkable aptitude for the intelligent consideration 
 of pubHc questions, personally trained in the work of Constitution-making, 
 and possessing extraordinary intellectual qualities which had been devel- . 
 oped by active participation in the scenes of the Revolution, and by long 
 service as members of the Continental Congress, found themselves driven 
 by the dangerous condition of public affairs, and the impotency and failure 
 of the existing government, to the rejection of every plan which failed to 
 lodge in the hands of a national government powers of loftier dignity, of 
 broader scope and more penetrating character, than those enjoyed by the 
 States. The convention was composed of statesmen, soldiers, and citizens. 
 Some of them were old men, who had no earthly interest except the wel- 
 fare of the coming generations. Many were middle-aged, — and their work 
 embodies their ripest experience and soundest judgment. Some of them 
 were young, and staked their hopes of the future upon the result. They 
 did not build after the models of Achaian Leagues, nor of the Italian Re- 
 publics, nor of Swiss Cantons, nor of the Dutch Commonwealth, nor even of 
 English Constitutional Monarchy, but after a style of architecture, all 
 their own. Inspired by faith in the Great Giver of All Good, and upheld 
 by an unfaltering trust in man, his powers, his capacities, his rights, his 
 duties, and his immortal destiny, they laid the deep foundation and reared 
 the swelling dome of the people's government which, surviving the shock 
 of foreign war, and civil strife, and furious debate, has emerged from every 
 storm stronger, purer, sanctified. 
 
 The throne of the Stagirite was overturned. The Greek theory was 
 reversed. The citizen did not exist for the advantage of the State, but the 
 government was ordained and established for the benefit of the citizen ; to 
 protect him in his natural rights, and to guard him against tyranny and 
 
 ,46 
 
usurpation. The objects of the Constitution were two-fold : The first was 
 to provide against the terrors of anarchy, bankruptcy, and civil paralysis, 
 which had resulted from the want of a civil government capable of regu- 
 lating the afiairs of a vast empire ; to substitute for the conflicting, discord- 
 ant, and rebellious bills of petty States, an harmonious, uniform, consistent, 
 and powerful force which, by the regulation of internal commerce and the 
 promotion of foreign relations, would produce tranquillity at home, and in- 
 spire respect abroad ; in other words, to convert a league of States into a 
 Nation, bound together, not by loose wisps of straw, but by the elastic steel 
 bands of national interests. The second object of the Constitution was to 
 guard the rights of the States and of individuals against oppression on the 
 part of the National Government, or of the Governments of the States. The 
 first is accomphshed by the Constitution itself; the second is provided for 
 by the amendments. The plan, as is well known, was the result of a happy 
 ■compromise between the conflicting views of those who advocated the 
 adoption of a consoHdated government, and those who dreaded the dan- 
 ger of obliterating the autonomies of the States. 
 
 The Preamble states the purposes of the Union, and bases it upon the 
 authority of The People of the United States. Then follows, in orderly 
 succession, the distribution of power between the Legislative, Executive, 
 and Judicial Departments, embraced in six articles, subdivided into sec- 
 tions. The first article treats of the legislative powers, and, after vesting 
 all such in a Congress, consisting of a Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives, and prescribing the composition and organization of each, with their 
 respective powers, proceeds, in Section 8, to mention in detail certain ex- 
 press powers, all carefully enumerated, all of them national in their scope, 
 and absolute and exclusive in character, and then wisely adds, in the last 
 clause thereof: " And to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper 
 for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers 
 vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
 any department or oflicer thereof." This clause, the source of expansive 
 power, though much criticised, has enabled the government to grow and 
 protect itself, as occasion required. The ninth section contains provisions 
 as to the slave trade, the habeas corpus, ex post facto laws, direct taxes, 
 
 47 
 
State exports, port duties, receipts and expenditures, titles of nobility, and 
 the receipt of presents. The tenth section contains limitations upon the 
 powers of the States. The second article relates to the executive, and, after 
 providing for the term of office, the mode and time of election, the qualifi- 
 cations of the president, the supplying of vacancies, and the compensation 
 and oath of office, proceeds to define executive powers and duties, espe- 
 cially the treaty-making and appointing power, and guards all by the right 
 of impeachment. The third relates to the judiciary ; provides for the ab- 
 solute independence of the bench, defines its powers, the jurisdiction of the 
 Supreme Court, and regulates the trial of crimes. It is the crowning glory 
 of the Constitution to have established a power to confine the other depart- 
 ments of the government within their proper limits, and thus prevent usur- 
 pation, encroachment, and abuse. The fourth article relates to State re- 
 cords and judicial proceedings; protects the privileges of citizens ; provides 
 for the admission of new States ; regulates the government of Territories ; 
 and, finally, guarantees to each State a republican form of government, and 
 protection against invasion and domestic violence. The fifth article pro- 
 vides for amendments to the Constitution, — a salutary power neglected in 
 the old Articles of Confederation. The sixth article provided for the dis- 
 charge of debts, and declared the Constitution, the laws of the United 
 States made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made under the authority 
 of the United States, to be the supreme law of the land. It also pre- 
 scribed oaths of office, and prohibited forever a religious test. By the 
 first eight amendments a BiU of Eights was virtually proclaimed, and cer- 
 tain limitations were imposed upon Congressional power. They secured 
 freedom of religion, of speech, of the press, and of the right to bear arms ; 
 forbade the quartering of troops, protected the persons and homes of citi- 
 zens agaiQst searches, seizures, and warrants; provided for the trial of 
 crimes, the rights of defendants in criminal cases, forbade excessive bails 
 and fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. The ninth provided that 
 the enumeration of certain rights should not be construed to deny or dis- 
 parage others retained by the people. The tenth declared that the powers 
 not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by 
 it to the States, were reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 
 
 48 
 
The eleventli imposed a restriction upon the judicial power. The twelfth 
 related to the election of President and Vice-President. The thirteenth 
 abolished slavery. The fourteenth defined the rights of citizenship, while 
 the fifteenth guarded the elective franchise. 
 
 Such is the Constitution of the United States. Unique in origin ; 
 without a prototype in design ; of enduring strength, and of phenomenal 
 success in the history of political philosophy, it stands alone. Tested by 
 danger and adversity, as well as by peace and prosperity ; endeared to us 
 by tradition, and hallowed by experience, it has become the object of our 
 reverential and affectionate regard. To it no American mind can be too 
 attentive, and no American heart too devoted. Amazing in its grants of 
 authority, ingenious and perfect in its system of checks and balances, it 
 has deprived the States of no essential power ; it has left unharmed the 
 sacred right of local self-government. The American citizen occupies 
 a position which perplexes the brains of foreigners, and sometimes per- 
 plexes him. He owes a triple allegiance. His first and highest duty is to 
 the nation, his second to his State, his third to the mimicipality in which he 
 dwells. If he be a clear thinker, he can suffer from no embarrassment. 
 The spheres of each relation are distinct and separate, and well defined. 
 It is doubtful whether, in any true sense, the functions of the two latter 
 are political. They are rather matters of business. They involve no con- 
 siderations of national policy or of foreign relations. They affect simply 
 the honest collection and honest expenditure of public revenues upon 
 objects of local concern. If the attempt be made to crib, cabin, or con- 
 fine the actions of a citizen in the two latter capacities by his duties, and 
 the requirements of his intellect and conscience in regard to the former, he 
 is at once loaded with heavy fetters, and becomes the slave of his creed on 
 national issues, rather than a man free and independent in thought and 
 action upon purely local affairs. It has become the curse of the govern- 
 ment of our great cities — which are our political plague spots — that the 
 election of a Mayor or Sheriff* is made to turn rather on questions of 
 national policy than on the honesty, capacity, and intelligence of the can- 
 didate. This is an evil which must be corrected, and we look forward to 
 the day when there shall be a complete and final divorce of municipal 
 
 (4) 49 
 
affairs from national politics. Under our present mixed system, we have 
 grown to greatness ; but we should not be blinded by our dazzling success 
 to the dangers which beset our way. The marvellous material prosperity 
 which has crowned our efforts for one hundred years — a tale which fills 
 with wonder and amazement all those who read it — should not induce us 
 to forget that there is a moral aspect to the question of far higher value 
 than the development of industries, the building of railroads, or the open- 
 ing of mines. We should never consent to a degradation of our standards 
 of public virtue or private purity of character ; nor should we lie in 
 supine indifference while our moral strength is being sapped. The power 
 of money to corrupt, or of the partisan spoilsmen to destroy, should be 
 resolutely met. 
 
 The liberties our fathers won, we hold in trust for all mankind. 
 Every hope of posterity is staked upon the wisdom, the energy, the courage, 
 the purity of the present hour. We deeply sympathize with every move- 
 ment of the masses — they have citizenship and the ballot, and equal 
 rights before the law. They need education and protection against the 
 power of monopolies, and these they must and shall receive. But there 
 must be no riots in the streets, no disorder or revolution, no cannon loaded 
 to the muzzle ; they must be taught that there is no war between capital 
 and labor ; that they are partners, not enemies, and that their true in- 
 terests, on any just basis, are identical. And capital must be educated, 
 too. It must be humanized and softened. To this end it is lawful to 
 print, to agitate, to discuss, to argue, to plead, to persuade, or to combine ; 
 but let all remember that the moment they unfurl the red flag, or plant the 
 dagger, or apply the torch, or throw explosive bombs, or scatter broadcast 
 from the press the frantic ravings of delirious fanatics, inciting to riot, dis- 
 order, bloodshed, and anarchy, the moment they conspire to shake the 
 foundations of society, to strip men of vested rights, to intimidate, to 
 threaten, to thwart freedom of action and will, to stop the wheels of in- 
 dustry, to induce men to violate contracts, and seek to accomplish their 
 ends by violence and outrage, that moment they become the enemies of 
 American liberty ; they are conspirators against the laws of the laud ; 
 they are social outlaws and foes of order, and we warn them that " God's 
 
 50 
 
 i 
 
lightuings are hot." Let them remember that liberty is not license ; that 
 communism is not social equality; that Nihilism is not Constitutional 
 order; that hatred of the race and war against mankind are not the 
 corner-stones of this Republic. Let them be warned that the spirit of 
 America, when once awake, will drive back to the lurid dens of Europe all 
 spirits of evil and devils of destruction ; that barriers can and will be 
 erected against the ooze of foreign swamps, by which our pure fountains 
 have been defiled. Who can estimate the influence of our Republic? 
 What tongue can fitly tell of the benefits of her example ? What gift of 
 prophecy can forecast the limits of her mission ? There is not a civilized 
 government on the face of the earth that has not been liberalized by her 
 teachings. France rose in her wrath and overturned the dynasty of St. 
 Louis. Greece struggled in her chains, and then snapped them asunder. 
 Italy, after centuries of mis-government, now boasts of a ruler of her own 
 choice. Russia has emancipated her serfs ; while Germany, though in the 
 grasp of a man of blood and iron, foresees the day when Imperialism 
 shall be no more. The mission of America will never cease, until all 
 nations have learned the lesson of self-government, with its fruits of noble 
 manhood, of high and indomitable courage, until the gospel of freedom 
 has spread from pole to pole, from continent to continent, from the plains 
 of Siberia to the islands of the sea, when all people, from Sclavic peasants, 
 and turbaned Turks, to the children of the Sun, shall join in the swelling 
 chorus, and the darkest corners of the earth shall be illuminated by the 
 hjaven-born light of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Philomathean Society, within a year or two at the 
 most you will be called upon to assume the responsibilities, and discharge 
 the duties of American citizenship. The issues of the future will be in a 
 measure in your hands. You can have no nobler motto than that of our 
 beloved society. Wherever you may be, do not fail to act upon the words 
 .of Apollo to the young Ascanius — Sic itur ad astra. 
 
 51 
 
REPORT 
 
 Rosetta Stone Committee, 
 
 HENRY MORTON, Ph. D., 
 
 President Stevens' Inst, of Technology. 
 
The Rosetta Stone Report 
 
 By Henry Morton, Ph. T>., 
 president of stevens' institute of technology, 
 
 Although the present writer had a good deal to do with the so-called 
 Rosetta Stone Report, he is free to admit that it owed its inception and 
 publication to the energy and persistence of his co-laborator, the Rev. 
 Charles R. Hale, now Dean of Davenport Cathedral, Iowa. 
 
 About the close of the college year of 1855-56 Mr. Thomas K. Con- 
 rad, then a member of the graduating class, and now the Rev. Dr. Conrad, 
 Rector of St. Paul's, Philadelphia, presented to the Philomathean Society 
 a plaster-cast of the famous Rosetta Stone, at the same time reading an 
 essay on "Hieroglyphic Research." 
 
 About this time Mr. Charles R. Hale joined the class of 1858, then 
 in its sophomore year, and also became a member of the Philomathean 
 Society. 
 
 His attention and interest were excited by this model of the Rosetta 
 Stone, and asking many questions about it which no one was able to 
 answer, he caused others to feel that the subject ought to be investigated, 
 and accordingly a committee was appointed, with Mr. Hale for Chairman, 
 and instructed to investigate and report upon the Rosetta Stone. The 
 other members of this committee were S. Huntington Jones and the present 
 writer. The latter had already taken some interest in the subject of hiero- 
 glyphics, and when, after a preliminary report by Mr. Hale, the subject 
 grew in importance in the estimation of the committee, he offered to do 
 some serious work on the interpretation of the hieroglyphic text, and also 
 to illustrate and illuminate the manuscript of the completed report. 
 
 55 
 
The interest grew as the work proceeded, and, without any definitely 
 pre-arranged plan as to division of labor, it arranged itself finally, as fol- 
 lows : Mr. Hale took in hand the Greek and Demotic texts of the tri- 
 lingual inscription, and gave valuable assistance in translating the hiero- 
 glyphic text ; Mr. Jones contributed an historic essay on the " Egyptian 
 king, Ptolemy Epiphanes," in whose honor the inscriptions were originally 
 made, and the present writer took charge of the hieroglyphic text, and of 
 the pictorial decoration of the work. 
 
 The work progressed slowly, as it involved much study of books not 
 readily accessible, and both the present writer and Mr. Hale spent many 
 days of more than one vacation in the Astor Library in New York, as well 
 as in the Philadelphia Library, where only certain extensive works on 
 " Egyptology," and on " Hieroglyphics," were to be seen. Among these 
 one of the most important was that of " Lepsius," which contained a com- 
 plete drawing of an inscription on a temple- wall at Philse, which proved to 
 be another copy of the inscription covering the Rosetta Stone. This Philse 
 inscription was, in great part, effaced, but a careful collation of what re- 
 mained of it (made for the first time by this committee) enabled them to 
 throw a new light on many otherwise doubtful passages of the Rosetta 
 Stone text. 
 
 For the various reasons indicated, it was not until the summer of 1857 
 that the manuscript report of the Rosetta Stone Committee was finished, 
 bound, and deposited in the library of the Philomathean Society. 
 
 Almost immediately, however, it mysteriously disappeared, and for sev- 
 eral months it was supposed to be lost. When, at last it was found and re- 
 placed in the library, the circumstance of its temporary loss impressed some 
 members of the desirabihty of reproducing, by some mode of printing, a 
 volume representing so much labor. 
 
 The reproduction of the Hieroglyphic and Demotic texts, and of the 
 colored illustrations and illuminations, could only be accomplished by 
 chromo-lithography, and the expense of preparing the necessary and nu- 
 merous drawings on stone, if a professional artist were employed, was pro- 
 hibitory under the existing conditions. The present writer, at that time, 
 knew absolutely nothing about drawing on stone, but with the happy 
 
 56 
 
temerity of youth, and inexperience, he felt that nothing possible to man 
 ought to trouble a graduate of the Univei'sity of Pennsylvania, and of the 
 Philomathean Society, and he, therefore, undertook, quite as a matter of 
 course, to make all the required drawings on the stone. 
 
 In this task he spent the entire summer and autumn of 1858, and 
 during the same time Mr. Hale worked with unwearied diligence in per- 
 fecting and enlarging the various parts of the work which came under his 
 hands. Shortly before Christmas, 1858, the first edition of this report made 
 its appearance, and was so highly appreciated by the public that in a few 
 days the entire edition was exhausted, and many times the original price 
 of copies was offered by those anxious to secure them. 
 
 Under these conditions the Philomathean Society, who had found 
 this committee so ready to execute its directions, at its meeting held Janu- 
 ary 21st, 1859, expressed the desire that this committee should prepare a 
 second edition of their report. This request involved more than might at 
 first sight appear. 
 
 To produce each one of the colored designs of the report, an average 
 of four lithographic stones was required, and these, with the non-illumi- 
 nated pages of Hieroglyphic and Demotic, made a total of several hun" 
 dred stones. No lithographic establishment had such a stock of the same 
 size, or could afford to keep them for our use ; therefore, when the first 
 part of the report had been struck ofi", the stones were ground down to a 
 new surface, and used for a new set of pages. Thus, when the Society de- 
 sired its Committee to print a new edition, only the stones used in the pre- 
 paration of the last twenty pages or so retained any designs, and thus the 
 printing of a new edition involved the production on stone of more than a 
 hundred drawings. 
 
 Encouraged and inspired by the already realized success, the present 
 writer willingly undertook this work, and, profiting by experience, made 
 entirely new designs for all the pages it was necessary to reproduce. Thus 
 the second edition was in its artistic portion largely a new work. 
 
 This second edition came out in the spring of 1859, and, like its pre- 
 decessor, was not very long in being exhausted ; so that for over twenty 
 years the Rosetta Stone Report has been numbered among the " scarce " 
 
 57 
 
publications only to be obtained from antiquarian book dealers, and at the 
 sales of libraries. 
 
 Among the many kind letters which members of the Committee re- 
 ceived from various sources, none were more gratifying than one written 
 by Baron von Humboldt, March 12th, 1859, in which he says, after ac- 
 knowledging the receipt of a copy of the Eeport : " The scientific analysis 
 of the celebrated inscription of Rosetta, which, despite the confusion of 
 the hieroglyphic style, remains an historic monument of great importance, 
 has appeared to me especially worthy of praise, since it offers the first essay 
 at independent investigation ofiered by the litterateur of the New Conti- 
 nent. It is for this national reason that I especially greet this independent 
 work." Speaking further of "the so conscientious work of the learned 
 Committee of the Philomathean Society," he goes on to say : " The pic- 
 turesque ornaments added by Mr. Henry Morton add to the interest in- 
 spired by a work well worthy to be widely spread in your learned and free 
 country. I pray Mr. Charles R. Hale to receive with kindness the homage 
 of my sentiments of high and affectionate consideration." 
 
 In view of the rarity of the Rosetta Stone Report, it may be well to 
 say here that the Rosetta Stone is a slab of granite bearing three inscrip- 
 tions, one in Hieroglyphics, or the language of the Priests, one in Demotic, 
 or the language of the people, used in common life and for commercial 
 transactions in ancient Egypt, and one in Greek. This slab was found 
 near the town of Rosetta," on one of the mouths of the Nile, hence its name. 
 In substance, it is a set of resolutions or vote of thanks passed by the 
 Priests, assembled on some occasion at Memphis about 200 B. C, in honor 
 of Ptolemy Epiphanes. It recites the virtues of this king, some of the 
 events of his reign, and decrees divine honors to him and his parents. 
 Finally it provides for its own publication, as is usual nowadays, by order- 
 ing that copies shall be set up in all the temples of Egjrpt. The slab or 
 tablet is about 3 feet high, 2 feet 5 inches wide, and from 6 to 12 inches 
 thick, being very irregular at the back. On its face are engraved 14 lines 
 of Hieroglyphic text, 32 lines of Demotic text, and 52 lines of Greek 
 text, each expressing in its own way the same subject matter. The original 
 stone is preserved in the British Museum. 
 
 58 
 
THE MEMBERS. 
 
Senior, Junior and Nominal Members. 
 
 Senior Members are the Graduates of the Society. 
 JuKiOR Members are the Undergraduates of the Society. 
 Nominal Members are those leaving the Society before Graduation. 
 N. B. — * Deceased. 
 
 1815. 
 
 * John Bayard. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * George Buchanan. 
 
 A.M., '18; Brig. Gen. Penna. Militia. 
 
 * Henry Banning Chew. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * Thomas Gray Condie. 
 
 A.M., '18 ; Ed. Condie' s Magazine ; lawyer. 
 
 * Henry Sidney Coxe. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * Rev. Christian Frederic Cruse. 
 
 A.M., '18 ; D.D., '38 ; Prof. Univ. of Penna. ; 
 Prof. St. Paul's Coll., N.Y. 
 
 * James Sproat Davidson. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * Rev. William Morrison Engles. 
 
 A.M., '18; D.D. (Lafayette), '38; Ed. The 
 Presbyterian; "The Soldier's Pocket 
 Book." 
 
 * Samuel Marx. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * Rev. Wm. Augustus Muhlenberg. 
 
 A.M., '18 ; D.D. (Columbia), '34. 
 
 * Hon. Thomas McKean Pettit. 
 
 A.M., '18; Vice-Pres. Histor. Soc, Penna.-, 
 Phila. City Solicitor ; Dep. Atty. Gen. 
 Supr. Ct.; Mem. Penna. Legis. ; Mem. 
 
 Phila. Select Council ; Pres. Judge Dist. 
 Ct., Phila.; U. S. Dist. Atty. E. D., Pa. ; 
 Supt. U. S. Mint, Phila.; "Visitor" to 
 West Point. 
 
 *Hon. Edward Rawle. 
 
 A.M., '18; One of the founders of Publ. 
 Sch. System in La. : Pres. N. O. Keystone 
 Assn. ; Mem. Municipal Publ. Sch. Lye. 
 and Lit'y Soc. ; Fell. N. O. Acad, of Sc. 
 Judge. 
 
 * Henry Rawle. 
 
 A.B., '15. 
 
 * William Henry West. 
 
 A.M., '18. 
 
 * George Bacon Wood. 
 
 A.M., '18 ; M.D.,'18 ; LL.D. (Princeton), '58 ; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys, Phila. ; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. ; Prof, and" Trustee Univ. of Penna. ; 
 Prof Phila. Coll. Phar. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. ; 
 Phila. Med. Soc; Pres. Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 Ed. U. S. Dispensatory. 
 
 * John James Richards. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer ; Captain 
 Penna. Artillery. 
 
 1816. 
 
 * Thomas Leech Boileau. 
 
 A.M., '19. 
 
 James Phillips Freeman. 
 
 M.D., '19. 
 
 * Nicholas Hammond, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '19 ; M.D. (Univ. of Md.). '23. 
 
 61 
 
* Isaac Hays. 
 
 AM '19- M.D., '20; Mem. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. ; P'res. Acad. Nat. Sc; Fell. Acad. 
 Arts and Sc, Boston, Mass.; Mem. Ham- 
 burg Med. Soc. 
 
 * Jolm Julius Keating, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '19 ; Trustee of Univ. of Penna. 
 
 * William Hippolyte Keating. 
 
 A M., '19; Mem. Amer. Philos. Soc: Mem. 
 Penna. Legis.; Prof. Univ. of Penna. 
 
 * Rev. Thomas Meredith, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '19 ; Founder and Ed. Baptist Inter- 
 preter. 
 
 * William N. Anderson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel N. Davies. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * James Hunter Ewing. 
 
 M.D., '19 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Simon Schmucker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Isaac Willis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1817. 
 
 * Nathaniel Ogden Clark. 
 
 A.B., '17. 
 
 * Timothy Ward Coe. 
 
 A.B., '17. 
 
 * Hon. John Nesbitt Conyngham. 
 
 A.M., '20; LL.D., '69; Mem. Wyoming 
 Histor. and Geolog. Soc; Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Amer. Philos. Soc; lawyer and 
 judge. 
 
 * Edmund Sidney Coxe. 
 
 A.M., '20; lawyer. 
 
 * John Mather Jackson. 
 
 A.M., '20; lawj-er. 
 
 ^ George Read. 
 
 A.M., '20 ; U. S. Consul to Malaga, Spain. 
 
 * John Wharton West. 
 
 A.M., '20 ; Capt. U. S. N., '47. 
 
 * McKean Buchanan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Commodore U. S. 
 N.;Brig. Gen. U. S. A. 
 
 * Thomas Leaming Caldwell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Jacob Baten Comegys. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; U. S. Agt. for 
 Comm. and Seamen at "Trinidad. 
 
 * Washington Harris. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Branson Lardner. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 '^ Alexander Magnus Murray. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Israel Pemberton Pleasants. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Benjamin Rush Rhees. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Jacob Lodenyk Sharpe. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles A. Walker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William C. Walker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 I«I5. 
 
 * William Ashmead. 
 
 A.M., '2L 
 
 ^ Rev. Henry Michael Mason. 
 
 A.M., '21 ; A.M. (Princeton '• causa hon- 
 oris"), '21; D.D.,'.38; "Chrj'sostomonthe 
 Priesthood " ; " Catholic Unity " ; " His- 
 tory of the Reformation in Sweden." 
 
 * James Murray Mason. 
 
 A.M., '21 ; Mem. House of Delegates, Va.; 
 Mem. Congress ; Pres. U. S. Senate ; Com- 
 missioner to Europe from C. S. A. in '62. 
 
 *Rev. Hugh McMillan. 
 
 A.M., '21; D.D. (Miami Univ.), '55; Prof. 
 Theol. Sem. Ref. Preshyt. Ch. 
 
 ^ Rev. Theophilus Parvin. 
 
 A.M., '2L 
 
 62 
 
* James M. Staughton. 
 
 A.M., "21; M.D., '21; A.M. (Princeton "causa 
 honoris,") '21; Prol. Columbian Coll.; 
 Prof. Med. Coll., Ohio. 
 
 * Rev. Peter VanPelt, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '21 ; D.D. (.St. John's Coll., Md.), '56 ; 
 Pres. Bvirliugton Coll., N. J.; Prof. Div. 
 Sch. P. E. Ch., Phila. 
 
 1819. 
 
 * Francis Porteus Corbin. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; la\vyer. 
 
 * Samuel ISIickle Fox. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Henry Dilworth Gilpin. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; Pres. Phila. Acad, of Fine Arts ; 
 Vice-Pres. Histor. Soc, Penna.; Mem. 
 Mass. Histor. Soc; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 Atty. Gen. of the U. S.; Ed. Atlantic Sou- 
 venir. 
 
 * William Sheaff Helmuth. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; M.D., '24 ; Prof, in Hahnemann 
 Med. Coll., Phila. 
 
 * Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; M.D., '23 ; physician. 
 
 * Rev. George Washington Potts. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; D.D. (Univ. City, N. Y.), '38. 
 
 John Selby Purnell. 
 
 A.M., '22. 
 
 William Underbill Purnell. 
 
 A.M., '22. 
 
 * William Rush. 
 
 A.M., '22; M.D.,'23; physician. 
 
 * William Biddle Shepard. 
 
 A.M., '22; Mem. Congress, '27-'37 ; State 
 
 Senator, N. C, '38-'48. 
 
 Thomas B. Turner. 
 
 A.M., '22. 
 
 * Robert James Walker, 
 
 A.M., '22 ; Reporter Supr. Ct., Miss ; U. S. 
 Senator, Miss.; Secy. U. S. Treas.; Gov. 
 Kansas Terr.; U. S. Financial Agent 
 Europe, '63. 
 
 * John Salter Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Samuel Wilson. 
 
 A.M., '22 ; M.D., '23 ; physician. 
 
 Henry Franklin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Reynolds Knox. 
 
 M. (Yale), '25; M.D., '27; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER; physician. 
 
 1820. 
 
 * Henry Paul Beck. 
 
 A.M., '23. 
 
 * William White Chew. 
 
 A.M., '23. 
 
 Samuel S. Cochran. 
 
 A.M., '23. 
 
 * Hon. Joseph Michael Doran. 
 
 A.M. ,'23 ; Mem.Const. Com., Penna.; Judge 
 Ct. Com. Pleas, Phila. 
 
 John Norcom. 
 
 A.M., '23 ; M.D., '24 ; physician. 
 
 * John Rodman Paul. 
 
 A.M., '23; M.D., '23; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Mem. City Council, Phila.; Trus- 
 tee Univ. of Penna.; physician. 
 
 ^ William Archibald Read. 
 
 A.M., '23. 
 
 * Rev. Henry Augustus Riley. 
 
 A.M., '23; M.D., '25; physician; clergy- 
 man. 
 
 Thomas Stewart. 
 
 A.M., '23. 
 
 * Robert Watson. 
 
 A. M., '23 ; lawyer. 
 
 Samuel Jones. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Alexander Neil. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Thomas Willing. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 63 
 
A. M.. '24 ; Member of Penna. Legis.; law- 
 yer. 
 
 182I. 
 
 * Kobert McC. Barr. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 * Hon, John Cadawalader. 
 
 A.M., '24; LL.D., '70; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 Member of Congress ; Judge U. S. Dist. 
 Ct., E. D., Penna. 
 
 * Joseph Gibbons Clarkson, 
 
 A. M.. '24 ; Member of Per 
 yer. 
 
 * Rev. Pierce Connelly. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 William Dick, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '21. 
 
 * Rev. Robert "Wra. Goldsborougli. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 * William Goldsborough. 
 
 A.M., '24; lawyer. 
 
 * William Harmar. 
 
 A. M., '24 ; lawyer. 
 
 ^Samuel Jones Henderson. 
 
 A.M., '24 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Roland Parry Heylin. 
 
 A.M., '24 ; M.D., '25; physician. 
 
 *Rev. Benjamin Hutcbins. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 ^ Joseph Screven Inglesby. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D., '24 ; physician. 
 
 Charles Bancker Jaudon. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D., '24; physician. 
 
 Hon. John Richter Jones. 
 
 A.M., '24; Judge Ct. Com. Pleas, Phila.; Col. 
 58th Reg. Penna. Vol., '61 ; " The Quaker 
 Soldier." 
 
 * William Jones Lieper. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 * Rev. Charles William Nassau. 
 
 A.M., '24; D.D. (Jefferson Coll.) ; Prof. La- 
 fayette Coll.; Pres. Lafayette Coll. 
 
 * Isaac Norris. 
 
 A.M., '24; lawyer. 
 
 * PhiHp Peltz, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D., '24 ; Mem. Phila. Co. Med, 
 Soc; Phys. to Phila. Co. Prison. 
 
 * John Read, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '24 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Daniel Charles Heath Sims. 
 
 A.M., '24 ; lawyer. 
 
 *Wade T.Smith. 
 
 A.M., '24. 
 
 * John Chew Thomas, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D., '24; physician. 
 
 * Samuel Thomas. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D.,'25 ; physician. 
 
 John Wiltbank. 
 
 A.M., '24; M.D., '25 ; FeU. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Prof. Penna. Med. Coll.; Phila. 
 Med. Soc; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. 
 Med. Assn.; Phys. to Penna. Hosp. 
 
 1822. 
 
 Charles Sidney Bradford. 
 
 A.M., '25; lawyer. 
 
 * John Chamberlain. 
 
 A.B., '22. 
 
 * Joseph Ashmead Clay. 
 
 A. M., '25. 
 
 William Dobson Gallaher. 
 
 A.M., '25 ; M.D., '25. 
 
 Charles IngersoU. 
 
 A.M., '25. 
 
 * Ralph Farley Izard. 
 
 A.M., '25; lawyer. 
 
 * Jonas Altamont Phillips. 
 
 A.M., '25; lawyer. 
 
 Wilham R. Price. 
 
 A.M., '25. 
 
 * William Bradford Reed. 
 
 A.M., '25; LL.D. (Harvard), '60; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc; Histor. Soc, Penna.; Prof. 
 Univ. of Penna.; Mem. Penna. Legis. ; 
 Atty. Gen., Penna.; State Senator, Pa.; 
 U. S. Minister to China ; " Life and Corr. 
 of Joseph Reed," "Life of Edith De- 
 Berdt," etc 
 
 64 
 
* William James Reese. 
 
 A.M., '25 ; General in Ohio State Militia : 
 lawyer. 
 
 * John Stille, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '25 ; la^vyer. 
 
 * Richard Hervey Thomas. 
 
 A.M., '25 ; M.D., '27; Prof. Md. Med. Univ. 
 Phys. to Balto. Gen. Dispen. 
 
 * Robert J. Thompson. 
 
 A.M., '25. 
 
 * Thomas Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '25; M.D., '26. 
 
 1823. 
 
 * Charles Frederick Beck. 
 
 A.M., '26; M.D., '27; Mem. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc.; physician. 
 
 * Gustavus Smith Benson. 
 
 A.M., '26; "English Salutatory." 
 
 * George Cadwalader. 
 
 A.M., '26; Brig. Gen. U.S. A., '47 ; Maj. 
 Gen. U. S. V., '62-5. 
 
 * James Anthony Donath. 
 
 A.M., '26. 
 
 * Rev. James Read Eckard. 
 
 A.M., '26; D. D. (Lafayette), '58; lawyer; 
 Missionary to Ceylon ; " Hindoo Trav- 
 eller " ; ""Ten years in Ceylon." 
 
 * James Clayton Gallaher. 
 
 A.M., '26 ; U. S. Consul to Ponce ; Porto 
 Rico, '37-66. 
 
 Rev. John Hall. 
 
 A.M.. '26 ; D. D. (Princeton), '50 ; Histor. 
 of N. J. ; Histor. Soc, Penna. ; Histor. 
 Soc, Wisconsin; lawyer; clergyman; 
 Transl. from Lat. " Milton's Letters"; 
 " History of the Presbyt. Ch. of Trenton," 
 etc. 
 
 Rev. Alexander Heberton. 
 
 A.M., '26. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Leiper Janeway. 
 
 A.M., '26; D.D. (Princeton), '50. 
 
 Rev. Augustus Hoffman Lockman. 
 
 A.M., '26; D.D., '56; Mem. First Board of 
 Trustees of Penna. Coll. 
 
 * John M. Marshall. 
 
 A.M., '26. 
 
 * John Mease (Butler.) 
 
 A.M., '26 ; Capt. 3d Drag., U. S. A. 
 
 * Rev. Eli Meeker. 
 
 A.M., '26. 
 
 Samuel Ogden Meredith. 
 
 A.M., '26. 
 
 * Charles Henry Mifflin. 
 
 A.M., '26 ; M.D. ; physician. 
 
 * Anthony Saunders Morris. 
 
 A.M., '26; Chief Burgess of Borough of 
 Pemberton, N. J. 
 
 * Hon. Persifer Frazer Smith. 
 
 A.M., '26; Mem. Penna. Legis.; lawyer and 
 judge; Reporter Supr. Ct., Penna.; Gov. 
 of Mexico and Comm. at Vera Cruz, '48 ; 
 Private U. S. A., '63. 
 
 * George Mifflin Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '26; Mem. Amer. Philos. Soc; Trus- 
 tee Univ. of Penna.; U. S. Dist. Atty. E. 
 D., Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 William Sheaff Zantzinger. 
 
 A.M., '26; M.D., '28; FeU. ColL Phys., 
 Phila.; Mem. Phila. Med. Soc; Mem. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc 
 
 Thomas Mease. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 1824. 
 
 * Rev. Lewis Richard Ashurst. 
 
 A.M., '27. 
 
 * Uselma Augustus Clarke. 
 
 A.M., '27; M.D., '28; physician. 
 
 * Samuel Gerardus Clarkson. 
 
 Asst. Surg. U. S. N. 
 
 Robert Patterson Dubois. 
 
 * Joseph Dickinson Fox. 
 
 A.B., '24. 
 
 * Thomas William Gilpin. 
 
 A.M., '27; U. S. Consul at Belfast. 
 
 * Alexander Wilcocks Ingersoll. 
 
 A.M., '27. 
 
 65 
 
George Jacob Janeway. 
 
 A.M., '27 ; M.p., '30 ; Mem. Phila. Co. Med. 
 Soc.; Mem. City and Co. N. Y. Med. See; 
 Mayor of New Brunswick. 
 
 * Hon. Edward Donald Kemp. 
 
 A.M., '27. 
 
 * Anthony Cuthbert Percival. 
 
 A.M., '27 ; M.D., '27. 
 
 * Henry Pettit. 
 
 A.M., '27; M.D., '29; physician. 
 
 *Henry Ralston. 
 
 A.M., '27; lawyer. 
 
 * James Cornelius Wiltbank, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '24. 
 
 George Halberstadt. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Helmutb Krebs. 
 
 A.M. (Princeton), '27; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 Thomas Bartow Sargent. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1825. 
 
 * Adolphus Edward Borie. 
 
 A.M., '28; Trustee Univ. of Penna.; Mem. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Secretary of U. S. 
 Navy, '69. 
 
 * Hon. Vincent Loockermans Brad- 
 
 ford. 
 
 A.M., '28; D.C.L.,'80; LL.D. (Wash, and 
 Lee Univ., Va.), '74; State Senator, Mich.; 
 Master in Chancery and Circ. Ct., Mich.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 * Anthony Banning Chew. 
 
 A.B., '25. 
 
 * Thomas Fitzgerald Dale. 
 
 A.M., '28 ; M.D., '29. 
 
 * George Fox, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '28; M.D., '28; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Mem. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc; Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 Penna. Med. Soc. 
 
 * Thomas Dobson Gallaher. 
 
 A.M., '28. 
 
 * James Goodman. 
 
 A.M., '28 ; lawyer ; Mem. Penna. Legis. 
 
 * Thomas Harper, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '25. 
 
 * Henry Hays. 
 
 A.M., '28. 
 
 * Richard Maris. 
 
 A.M., '28; M.D., '29. 
 
 * Henry Hope Reed. 
 
 A.M., '28; LL.D. (Univ. of Vermont), '46; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Prof. Univ. of Penna.; 
 Provost Univ. of Penna.; Ed. " Reid's Dic- 
 tionary of the English Language " ; Ed. 
 "Graham's English Synonyms," etc. 
 
 * Coburn Whitehead, 
 
 A.M., '28 ; A.M. (Yale),'28 ; M.D., '31 ; phy- 
 sician. 
 
 * William Duane, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * David C. Harker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Rev. William Henry Reese. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; D.D.(F. and M.), '60 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER. 
 
 * Levi P. Thompson. 
 
 M.D. (Jeff. Med. Coll.), '27 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER. 
 
 1826. 
 
 * Thomas Latimer Bowie. 
 
 A.M., '29; lawyer. 
 
 * Joseph Carson. 
 
 A.M., '29 ; M.D., '28 ; Prof. Univ. of Penna.; 
 FeU, Coll. Phys., Phila.; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. 
 
 Robert Baldwin Davidson. 
 
 A. M., '29. 
 
 * Thomas McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '29. 
 
 * Thomas Ross Newbold. 
 
 A.M., '29 ; lawyer; Ed. oi North American. 
 
 * Rev. Joseph Abbott, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '27; A.M., '30; D.D. (Union), '60; 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 66 
 
John.Ashliurst. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Trastee of Univ. of 
 Penua. 
 
 * Hon. Edward Macfunn Biddle. 
 
 A.M. (Princeton), '30 ; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Atty. Gen. of Penna.; Maj. Gen. 
 Penna. Vol.; lawyer. 
 
 Frederick Simeon Eckard. 
 
 M.D., '35; NOMINAL MEMBER; Asst. 
 Prof Univ. of Penna.; lawyer ; physi- 
 cian ; "Tale of the Winds." 
 
 Isaac Hazlehurst. 
 
 A.M. (Trinity), '31 ; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER, Vice Provost Law Acad.; Phila. 
 City Solicitor ; lawyer. 
 
 * John Jordan, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Histor. Soc, Penna. 
 
 Henry Pratt McKean. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Francis West. 
 
 A.B. (Dickinson), "25 ; M.D., '32 ; NOMI- 
 NAL MEMBER; Fell. Coll. Phys. Phila.; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Penna. Med. Soc; 
 Amer. Med. Assn.; Anier. Philos. Soc; 
 Phys. to Episcopal, Christ's Ch., Hosp's., 
 Phila. Dispens, etc 
 
 1827. 
 
 * Rev. Frederick Williamson, Beas- 
 
 ley, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '30 ; D.D., '68. 
 
 * Thomas C. Cadwalader. 
 
 A.M., '30. 
 
 Samuel Fisher DuBois. 
 
 * Roland Edanus Evans. 
 
 A.M., '30; lawyer. 
 
 * Joseph Coleman Fisher. 
 
 A.M., '35 ; Mem. Penna. Legis. ; lawyer. 
 
 * William Tilghman Goldsborough. 
 
 A.B., '27 ; State Senator of Md.; lawyer. 
 
 * Edward Hallowell, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '30; M.D., '30; FeU. Coll. Phys. 
 Phila.; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila.; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Phila. Med. Soc; 
 Amer. Med. Assn. 
 
 * William Kirkpatrick Huffnagle. 
 
 A.M., '30. 
 
 William Keith. 
 
 A.M., '30 ; M.D., '30. 
 
 * William Henry Klapp. 
 
 A.M., '30 ; M.D., '30 ; " Valedictory" ; Fell. 
 Coll. Phys. Ptiila.; physician. 
 
 * George Washington Norris. 
 
 A.M. ';W; M.D.,'30 ; Fell. Coll. Phys. Phila.; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Histor. Soc. Penna.; 
 physician. 
 
 Benjamin I. Phillips. 
 
 A.M., '30. 
 
 * Rev. Charles Frederick Schaeffer. 
 
 A.M., '30; D.D. (Penna. Coll.), '50; Prof. 
 Theol. Sem. Evan. Luth. Ch.; Prof 
 Penna. Coll. 
 
 * Henry Helmuth. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer ; 
 Common Councils of Phila. 
 
 Clerk of 
 
 1828. 
 
 John Nostrand Brinckerhoff. 
 
 A.M., '31 ; Princ Union Hall, Acad. Ja- 
 maica, L. I. 
 
 * Horace Evans. 
 
 A.M., '31; M.D., '31 ; Histor. Soc Penna.; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Phila. Horticult. 
 Soc 
 
 John Evans. 
 
 A. M., ':?1 ; lawyer ; Asst. Med. Purveyor, 
 U. S. A. 
 
 * John Jacob Hartman. 
 
 A.M., '31 ; Mem. Histor. Soc, Penna.; U. 8. 
 Consul to Baracoa, Cuba. 
 
 * Emmanuel Helffensteinn. 
 
 A.M., '31; lawyer. 
 
 * Edward Miller. 
 
 A.B., '28; "Math. Orator" ; Geolog. Soc, 
 Penna. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 
 * Hon. George Sharswood. 
 
 A.M., '31; LL.D. (Univ. City, N. Y.), '56; 
 LL.D. (Columbia), '56 ; Mem. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc; Histor. Soc. Penna.; Mem. 
 Penna. Legis.; Prof Univ. of Penna.; 
 Trustee Univ. of Penna.; Chief Justice 
 Supr. Ct., Penna. 
 
 67 
 
* George Roberts Smith. 
 
 A.M., '31 ; lawyer. 
 ^ Thomas Learning Smith. 
 
 A.M.; Mem. City Councils, Phila.; lawyer ; 
 Secy. Trustees Univ. of Penna. 
 
 * Thomas Mackie Smith. 
 
 A.M., '31 ; M.D., '31 ; physician. 
 
 Benjamin M. Thomas. 
 
 A.M., '31. 
 
 Charles Pryor Massey. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 1st City 
 Troop Cav. 
 
 James C. Workman. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1829. 
 
 * Clement Biddle, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '32 ; lawyer. 
 
 ^ James Curtis Booth. 
 
 A.M., '32.; LL.D. (Univ. of Lewisburg), '67 ; 
 Ph. D. (Rensselaer Poly. Inst.) ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc; Prof. Franklin Inst. ; Prof. 
 Univ. of Penna. 
 
 * John Biddle Chapman. 
 
 A.M., '32 ; lawyer. 
 
 Edward Alexander Nassau. 
 
 A.M., '32 ; M.D., '32 ; physician. 
 
 * Charles Theodore Potts. 
 
 A.M., '32; Clerk, House of Reprs., Mich.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 * John Robertson. 
 
 A.M., '32. 
 
 * Joseph Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '32. 
 
 ^William White Jr.' 
 
 A.B., '32; Mem. Penna. Legis. ; lawyer. 
 
 1830. 
 * William Deal Baker. 
 
 A.M., '33 ; Mem. Constitut. Conv. Penna., 
 '73 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. James Clark. 
 
 A.M., '33; D.D. (Jefferson CoU.), '50; Pres. 
 of Washington Coll. Penna. 
 
 * John Fries Frazer. 
 
 A.M., '83 ; LL.D. (Harvard), '87 ; Ph. D. 
 (Univ. of Lewisburg), '54; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Acad. Nat. Sc; Vice Provost Univ. 
 of Penna. 
 
 * William Poyntell Johnston. 
 
 M.D., '36; Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Phys. 
 to Blind Asylum ; Lecturer Med. Inst. 
 
 * Horn Riley Kneass. 
 
 A.M., '33 ; Dist. Atty. of Co. of Phila. 
 
 Rev. Theophilus Adam Wylie. 
 
 A.M., '33; D.D. (Princeton), '61 ; Prof, and 
 Vice-Pres. Univ. Indiana ; D.D. (Miami 
 Univ.), LL.D., '61 , D.D. (Monmouth Coll. 
 111.). 
 
 Joseph Eastburn Harned. 
 
 M.D., '34 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Surg, at 
 City Point, '61 ; Surg. 5th Cav. Corps, '65. 
 
 * Henry Zantzinger. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 183I. 
 
 * Thomas Armstrong, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '34; lawyer. 
 
 * Colin Arrott. 
 
 A.M., '34; M.D., '34 ; Surgeon at Fort Del- 
 aware. 
 
 * Hon. George Augustus Bicknell, 
 
 Jr. 
 
 A.M., '34; LL.D. (Univ. of Ind.), '64 ; Mem. 
 Congress ; Prof. Univ. of Penna. ; Judge 
 Supr. Ct., Indiana; " Bicknell's Civil 
 Practice" ; " Criminal Practice." 
 
 * Conrad Richards Boyer. 
 
 A.M., '34; M.D., '34 ; physician. 
 
 * William George Caldcleugb. 
 
 A.M., '34; TransL "Homer's Iliad" ; "Eas- 
 tern Tales." * 
 
 * Edmund Cadwalader Evans. 
 
 A.M., '34; M. D., '35; physician. 
 
 Rev. John Wylie Faires. 
 
 A.M., '34 ; D.D., '6L 
 
 68 
 
*Benjaraiu Brannan McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '34. 
 
 * Robert McMillan. 
 
 A.M., '34 ; M.D., '37. 
 
 Henry Warren Richardson. 
 
 A.M., '34 ; M.D., '34 ; physician. 
 
 Edward A. Watson. 
 
 A.M., '34. 
 
 John V. Wilson. 
 
 A.M., '34. 
 
 Solomon P. Allen. 
 
 A.B. (Union), '31 : A.M.(Union), '34; NOM- 
 INAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Robert Caldcleugh. 
 
 M.D., '32 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Henry Fisher. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '35; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 * Hon. John Pringle Jones. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '31 : LL.D. (F. and M.), 
 '60 : NOMINAL MEMBER ; Pres. Judge 
 Berks Co.; " Jones' Penna. Reports." 
 
 Morris Meredith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Theodore Thomson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1832. 
 
 * William Newbold Bispham. 
 
 A.M., '35 ; D.D.S., '38. 
 
 George Correy Carson. 
 
 A.M., '35. 
 
 * Alexander Murray Mcllvaine. 
 
 A. M., '35. 
 
 * John Ringgold Wilmer. 
 
 A.M., '35. 
 
 * Rev. Andrew Gifford Wylie. 
 
 A.M., '35. 
 
 * John Charles Carpentier. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1833- 
 
 * Robert Case Clark. 
 
 A.M., '3G. 
 
 * WilUam Elbert Evans. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 * Warwick Bamfylde Freeman. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 * Rev. Kingston Goddard. 
 
 A.M., '36 ; D.D. (Kenyon Coll.), '60 ; Grand 
 Chaplain, Penna. F. and A. M. 
 
 * John Wolfgang Hoffman. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 Norton Johnson. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 * Rev. John McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 * Rev. Charles Emlen Pleasants. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 * Aubrey Henry Smith. 
 
 A.M., '36; Mem. Histor. Soc, Penna.; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. ; U. S. 
 Dist. Atty., E. D. Penna. 
 
 '^'Samuel Lisle Smith. 
 
 A.M.. '36; Dist. Atty. Chicago; lawyer. 
 
 * William Wikoff Smith. 
 
 A.M., '36. 
 
 Edward Augustus Hall. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Furman Learning. 
 
 M.D., '37 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; physi- 
 cian. 
 
 * Henry Ludlam. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 ''^ Franklin Perry Pope. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 1834. 
 
 * Evert John Bancker. 
 
 A.M., '37; lawyer. 
 
 * Henry Jonathan Biddle. 
 
 A.M., '37; Adjt. Gen. Penna. U. S. V., '61. 
 
 69 
 
Hon. John lunes Clark Hare. 
 
 A.M., '37 ; LL.D., '68 ; Mem. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Trustee Univ. of Penna.; Pres. 
 Judge Dist. Ct., Phila.; Pres. Judge Ct. 
 Com. Pleas No. 2, Phila. 
 
 * John Holmes. 
 
 A.M., '37. 
 
 Samuel Humes. 
 
 A.B., '34 ; M.D., '37 ; physician. 
 
 William Norman McLeod. 
 
 A.M., '37; Drafter of the Constitution of 
 Michigan ; lawyer. 
 
 * John Moss. 
 
 A.M., '37. 
 
 * John Brown Parker, 
 
 A.B., '34; Histor. Soc, Penna.; Mem. City 
 Council, Phila.; Lieut. Col. U. S. A., '62. 
 
 * Henry Hollingsworth Smith. 
 
 A.M., '37; M.D., '37; LL.D. (Lafayette), 
 '85 ; Prof. Univ. of Penn. ; Surg, to Penna. , 
 St. Joseph's, Episcopal Hosps.; Surg. Gen. 
 of Penna., '61-5; Pres. Phila. Co. Med. 
 Soc; "Operative Surgery"; Principles 
 and Practice of Surgery " ; " Treatment 
 of False Joint." 
 
 Franklin Bacon. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Davies Berrien. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; 1st Lieut. 6th Reg. 
 U. S. A. 
 
 * William Richards Boyer. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * James Thomas Caldcleugh. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Durant. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Stoddard Johnston. 
 
 A.B. (Yale), '34 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Joseph Falkinburge Leaming. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William McMurtrie. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1835. 
 
 * George Ashbridge. 
 
 A.M., '38. 
 
 Robert Young Black. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. Charles Breck. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; D.D. (Columbia), '69. 
 
 Edward Ingersoll. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Alexander McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; Secy, to Minister to China ; Secy, 
 to Admirals Dupont. Scott and Farragut, 
 
 U. S. N. 
 
 Rev. David Jameson Patterson. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; D.D. 
 
 Richard Rundle Smith. 
 
 A.M., '38; Mem. Penna. Legis.; Mem. 
 House of Rep.; Mem. Select Council, 
 Phila.; Judge Advoc. (Major) 1st Div. N. 
 G. P. 
 
 * George Leiper Taylor. 
 
 A.M., '38 ; M.D., '38 ; Phys. to Eastern Pen- 
 itentiary. 
 
 * Henry Cadwalader. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mids. U. S. N. 
 
 William Beck Goddard. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Francis Johnston. 
 
 A.B. (Yale), '35 ; LL.B., '39 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER. 
 
 John Cowell Mitchell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 John T. Montgomery. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 * Frederick Seckel Pepper. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John Seip. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 1836. 
 
 John Hazelhurst. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Cooper Inglis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Joseph Hampton Inglis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 70 
 
* John Bohlea, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '40; lawyer. 
 
 * Charles Louis Borie, 
 
 A.M., '40. 
 
 * William Robert McAdam. 
 
 A.M., '40; LL.B., '40; lawyer; Adjt. 109th 
 Penna. Vol., '62. 
 
 * John Philips Montgomery. 
 
 A.B., '37; "Latin Salutatory." 
 
 * Austin A. Phelps. 
 
 A.M., '40 ; D.D. (Amherst), '56 ; " Theory of 
 Preaching " ; " Men and Books " ; " Eng- 
 lish Style in Public Discourse " ; " My 
 Portfolio"; "My Study"; "My Note- 
 book," etc. 
 
 * Arthur Armstrong Burt. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Theodore Augustus Irvine. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Thomas Pleasants McCrea. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Pointell. 
 
 LL.B. (Harvard) '42; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 William Holme Vanburen. 
 
 A.B.; A.M. (Yale), '64; LL.D., '79; M.D., 
 '40 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Pres. N. Y. 
 Patholog. Soc; N. Y. Acad, of Med.; 
 Mem. Surg. Soc. of Paris, Fr.; Prof. N. Y. 
 Univ. Med. Coll.; Prof Bellevue Hosp. 
 Med. Coll.; U. S. Sanitary Com.; Asst. 
 Surgeon U. S.A., '40-5. 
 
 James Corry Worrell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1838. 
 
 Alexander Biddle. 
 
 A.M., '41 ; Lt. Col. 121st Reg. Penna. U. S. V. 
 
 * James Lloyd Breck. 
 
 A.M., '41 ; D.D. ,'60; Founder and Pres. 
 Nashatah Theol. Sem; Founder and Pres. 
 Seabury Univ. ; Founder of St. Augus- 
 tus' Coll., Cal. 
 
 * Samuel Fox Fisher. 
 
 A.M., '41 ; lawyer. 
 
 '^ Franklin Hewson. 
 
 A.M., '41 ; U. S. " Visitor " to West Point. 
 
 John Lambert, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '41; Acad. Nat. Sc; Biolog. Soc; 
 Histor. Soc, Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 Lewis Allaire Scott. 
 
 A.M., '41 ; Mem. Histor. Soc, Penna.; Nu- 
 mismatic and Autog. Soc, Phila.; Amer, 
 Philos. Soc; Amer. Histor. A.^sn. 
 
 * John Gelson Smith. 
 
 A.M., '41. 
 
 * William Cadwalader. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Colhoun. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William John Grayson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 Lawrence Lewis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Laurence Seckel Pepper. 
 
 M.D., '43 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Emlen Scott. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Edward Twells. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Francis Wharton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1839. 
 
 * Jonathan Williams Biddle. 
 
 A.M. '42 ; lawyer. 
 
 *Torben Bille. 
 
 A.M., '42; M.D. ; Secy. Amer. Legat. Lon- 
 don ; Minister to Brussels ; Minister from 
 Denmark, Court of St. James. 
 
 * John Delavan Bryant. 
 
 A.M., '42 ; M.D., '48 ; physician ; " Pauline 
 Lenard" ; "The Immaculate Concei)- 
 tion— A Dogma." 
 
 * Samuel Manuel Davis. 
 
 A.M., '42; Commencement Orator ; law- 
 yer. 
 
 71 
 
* John Vigors Eustace. 
 
 A.M., '42; Circuit Judge District 13, 111.; 
 Capt. U. S. A. 
 
 * Cadwalader Evans, Jr. 
 
 A. M., '48. 
 
 * Manlius Glendowr Evans. 
 
 A.M., '42 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. Nicholas Collin Hughes. 
 
 A.M., '42; D.D. (Univ. of No. Ca.), '83. 
 
 * Rev. Edward Conway Jones. 
 
 A.M., '42. 
 
 * Charles Kuhn. 
 
 A.M., '42. 
 
 *Rev. Henry Eglinton Montgom- 
 ery. 
 
 A.M., '42 ; D.I).,'63 ; Valedictorian of Class. 
 
 * Isaac W. Moore. 
 
 A.M., '42. 
 
 * George Washington Richards. 
 
 A.M., '42 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Emanuel Augustus Thouron. 
 
 A.M.. '42. 
 
 * Edward Coxe Watmough. 
 
 A.M„ '42 ; lawyer. 
 
 * William Gibson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Huston. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Theodore Frelinghuysen Moss. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 1840. 
 
 * Henry William Ducachet, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '43 ; M.D. (Jefferson Med. Coll.), '43 ; 
 Surgeon U. S. A., '62. 
 
 Thomas Scott Harper. 
 
 A.M., '43 ; M.D., '43. 
 
 Rev. Edwin Harwood. 
 
 D.D. (Trinity), '62; New Haven Colony 
 Histor. Soc; Archaeology Soc. of Amer. ; 
 Prof. Berkeley Div. Sch. Middletown, 
 Conn. 
 
 Charles Huston. 
 
 A.M., '43 ; M.D. (JeflF. Med. Coll.), '42. 
 
 * Stevenson Murgatroyd Learning. 
 
 A.M., '43. 
 
 William Bower Taylor. 
 
 A.M., '43. 
 
 * William M. Bell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Bonsall. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER 
 
 * Edward Tristram Horatio Harper. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Huntington. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Col. 18th Reg. La. 
 Vol. C. S. A., '62. 
 
 * Benjamin Sterling. 
 
 -B. 
 
 be: 
 
 A.B^(Princeton), '40.; NOMINAL MEM- 
 
 184I. 
 
 Samuel Keen Ashton. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; M.D., '43 ; Penna. Med. Soc; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 Hon. Frederick Carroll Brewster. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; LL.D., '68; Histor. Soc. Penna.; 
 Judge; Atty. Gen. Penna.; Commence- 
 ment Orator; "Brewster's Digest of 
 Penna " ; " Brewster's Reports " ; " Brew- 
 ster's Practice"; "Life of Moliere"; 
 "Life of Disraeli." 
 
 * Rev. John Agnew Crawford. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; D.D., '75. 
 
 Henry Augustus DeFrance. 
 
 A.M., '44. 
 
 * Rev. Richard Bache Duane. 
 
 A.M., 44 ; D.D. (Kenyon Coll.), '69. 
 
 * Gabriel Bertrand Duval. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; lawyer ; Capt. 6th Reg. Ala., '62. 
 
 * James Renee Ford. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Samuel Mickle Fox. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; lawyer. 
 
 72 
 
Robert Patterson Harris. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; M.D., '44 ; Mem. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Mem. Patholog. Soc, Phila.; Obstet. 
 Soc, Phila.; Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; 
 Post. Phys. of Phys. of Phila., '61-5. 
 
 * Edward Hewson. 
 
 A.M., '44. 
 
 Horatio Gates Jones. 
 
 A.M., '44; D.C.L. (Judson Univ.); State 
 Senator Penna.; Act. Adjt. Gen. U. S. A., 
 '64. 
 
 William Eckart Lehman. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; Member Congress ; Provost Mar- 
 shal 1st Dist., Penna., '63 ; Capt. U. S. A., 
 '64 ; lawyer. 
 
 * John Hill Brinton McClellan. 
 
 A.M., '44 , M.D., '44 ; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Surgeon to St. 
 Joseph's, Wills Eye Hospitals; Surgeon 
 U. S. A., '62. 
 
 * William Duncan McLeod. 
 
 A.M., '44. 
 
 Henry Stafford Osborne. 
 
 A.M. '44 ; LL.D. (Lafayette), '65 ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc, Virginia Histor. Soc; Vic- 
 toria Philos. Soc, of London ; Prof. La- 
 fayette Coll. ; Prof. Miami Univ. 
 
 * William Henry Rawle. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; Quart. Mast. (Sergeant), U. S. 
 A., '63 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Benjamin Brannan Reath. 
 
 A.M., '44 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Moreton Stills. 
 
 A.M., '44; M.D., '44; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Phys. to Penna. Hosp., Alms 
 House (dur. Cholera Ep.) ; Lect. Univ. 
 of Penna. 
 
 Alfred Bower Taylor. 
 
 A.M., '44; Ph. M. (Phila. Coll. Pharmacy); 
 Special Exam, of Drugs for Port of Phila. 
 
 Edward Shippen Willing. 
 
 A.M., '44. 
 
 * Paul Julian Beck. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Peter Borie. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * James Burk. 
 
 NOI^IINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Seth Craige Holmes. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John Sergeant, Jr. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '41 ; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 John Cook Sherborne. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Somers Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 James Horatio Watmough. 
 
 NOMINAL MEISIBER ; Paymaster Gen. U. 
 S. N., '73-77. 
 
 ^ Silas Ebenezer Weir. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1842. 
 
 * John Bernard Chapron. 
 
 A.B., '42. 
 
 Thomas Franklin Cooper. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 Edward Cronin, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '45 ; M.D. (Jefferson Med. Coll.), '44; 
 physician. 
 
 * Franklin Archibald Dick. 
 
 A.M., '45 ; Mem. Missouri Legis.; lawyer; 
 Lieut. Col. U. S. v., '62. 
 
 WilHam Engles Hamill. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 William Macpherson Hill. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 Jared Ingersoll. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 * William Lowber. 
 
 A.M., '45; M.D., '45; Med. Inspector U. S. 
 N.; Surgeon U. S.N. 
 
 * Thomas Scott Martin. 
 
 A.M., '45; Lieut. Col. 11th Reg., Penna. 
 Vol., '61 ; Killed at BuH Run. 
 
 * William McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 Grayson Mallet-Provost. 
 
 A.M., '45 ; M.D., '44 ; Asst. Surg. U. S. A., 
 '44. 
 
 73 
 
Thomas Lee Shippen. 
 
 A. M., '45 ; Private C. S. A./62. 
 
 * William Terry Taylor. 
 
 A.M., '45; M.D., '48. 
 
 Washington Stewart Toland. 
 
 A.M., '45. 
 
 * John Welsh Dulles. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Albert Gallatin Freeland. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Kobert Newton. 
 
 A.M. (Lafayette), '45 ; M.D., '45 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER : Surgeon U. S. A. 
 
 Jonathan Dickson Sergeant. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Histor. Society, 
 Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 * Albanus Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Wilcox. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; 2d Lieut. 1st Reg. 
 Penna. U. S. V. Art.. '60-4. 
 
 1843. 
 
 John Howard Atwood. 
 
 A.M., '46. 
 
 * John Alexander Brewster. 
 
 A.M., '46 : Mem. Cal. Legis.; Surveyor Gen. 
 Cal.; lawyer. 
 
 * Theodore Hay Coe. 
 
 A.M., '46 ; Capt. Cav. C. S. A., '61-4. 
 
 ^ George Dawson Coleman. 
 
 A.M., 46 ; Memb. Penna. Legis.; State Sen- 
 ator Penna. 
 
 Alexander Elmslie Harvey, 
 
 A.M., '46 ; lawyer. 
 
 Morton Pearson Henry. 
 
 A.M., '46; lawyer; Served in Penna. Mi- 
 litia, '64. 
 
 Samuel H. Jarden. 
 
 A.M., '46; PMla. Guardian of the Poor. 
 
 Francis West Lewis. 
 
 A.M., '46; M.D. (Jeiferson Med. Coll.), '46; 
 Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Phys. to Penna. 
 Hosp.; Phila. Dispens., etc.; Surgeon U. 
 A., '62-4. 
 
 * Philip Syng Physick Randolph. 
 
 A.M., '46 ; Mem. Managers of Phila. House 
 of Refuge; lawyer. 
 
 * John C. Hains. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John Campbell Harris. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Lewis Theodore Laguerenne. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * David James McKibben. 
 
 M.B., '46; NOMINAL MEMBER.; Mem. 
 Penna. Legis.; Pres. Schuylkill Co. (Pa.), 
 Med. Soc; physician. 
 
 1844. 
 
 * James Sterling Fenton. 
 
 A.M., '47. 
 
 * Hugh Cooper Hanson. 
 
 A.M., '47. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Kendig. 
 
 A.B., '44 ; Chaplain U. S. A., '59. 
 
 * Robert Wain Learning. 
 
 A.M., '47. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Lord. 
 
 A.M., '47; A.M. (Rutgers), '47 ; M.D. (Chi- 
 cago Med. Coll.), '73. 
 
 * Andrew Harry Manderson. 
 
 A.M., '47 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Alexander McKinley. 
 
 A.M., '47 ; Lieut. N. J. Battalion, '47. 
 
 * Joel Barlow Reynolds. 
 
 A.M., '47 ; Mem. Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Moore Shute. 
 
 A.M., '47 ; D.D. (Mercer Univ.), '70 ; Prof. 
 Columbian Coll. ; Mem. N. J. Soc. Sons of 
 Cincinnati; Ghapl. Gen. Soc. Sons Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 74 
 
* James Suddards. 
 
 A.M., '47; M.D., '47; Medical Director U. 
 
 S. N. 
 
 * Elias Ely Wilson. 
 
 A.M., '47 ; M.D., '49 ; physician. 
 
 James Nathan Barnes. 
 
 A.B. (Yale), '48. NOMINAL MEMBER ; 
 lawyer. 
 
 * Austin Montgomery Bowen. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Charles Cabot. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Correy. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Silas Wood Sexton Culp. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Dulles. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Solomon Allen Engles. 
 
 M.D., '49; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1845. 
 
 * William Henry Crabbe. 
 
 A.M., 48 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Henry Fling. 
 
 A.M., '48 ; lawyer ; Mem. 1st City Troop 
 Cav., Phila. 
 
 * Joseph Rupert Paxton 
 
 A.M., '48; lawyer; 1st City Troop Cav., 
 '61; Capt. U. S. A., '61; "Jewelry and 
 the Precious Stones." 
 
 * Samuel Badger, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Philip Nicklin Dallas. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Sergeant Lowber. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 * James Davis Phillips. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Rodman Ruan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Abraham Hilyard See. 
 
 LL.B. (Harvard), '46 ; NOMINAL MEMBER: 
 lawyer. 
 
 * Fisher Coleman Smith. 
 
 M.D., '47 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1846. 
 
 * Alfred Witman Auner. 
 
 A.M., '49. 
 
 Thomas Hewson Bache. 
 
 A.M., '49 ; M.D. (Jeflf. Med. Coll.), '50; Fell. 
 Coll. Phys. Phila.; Penna. Med. Soc; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Patholog. Soc; Amer. Med. Assn.; Phys. 
 to Penna., Howard, and Children's 
 Hosps., Phila.; Surg. U. S. V., '62. 
 
 * Caldwell Keppele Biddle. 
 
 A.M., '49; Trustee Univ. of Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 William Sergeant Blight. 
 
 A.M., '50. 
 
 * Charles Francis Burgin.- 
 
 A.M., '49 ; LL.B. (Harvard), '48 ; lawyer. 
 
 Samuel Wylie Crawford, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '49 ; M.D., '49 ; LL.D.; Brev. Maj. Gen. 
 U.S. V.;Brig. Gen. U. S. A. 
 
 * James Ely. 
 
 A.M., '49. 
 
 James Sawyer Farmer, 
 
 A.M., '49. 
 
 Robert Morton Lewis, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '49. 
 
 Rev. William Phillips Lewis. 
 
 A.M., '49 ; D.D., '72. 
 
 Charles Piatt. 
 
 A.B., '46. 
 
 Rev. Peter Grubb Rambo. 
 
 A.M., '49. 
 
 EdAvard Shippen. 
 
 A.M., '49; M.D., '57; physician ; Surg. 1st 
 Reg. Penna. Lt. ArtUlery, U. S. V. 
 
 * Henry Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '49 ; lawyer. 
 
 75 
 
* John Mason Duncan Chambers. 
 
 A.B. (Delaware) ; A.M. (Delaware), '45 ; 
 M.D. (Jefferson Med. Coll.), '48 ; NOMI- 
 NAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Walter Colquhoun Cleemann. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Buchanan Edwards. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer ; Aide de 
 Camp to Gen. Longnecker, '62. 
 
 * William Penn Gaskell Hall. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. Hist. Soc, 
 Penna. 
 
 Francis S. Lewis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Piatt, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; U. S. Sanitary 
 Comm., '61-5. 
 
 Samuel Lieber Kuhn Shober. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Jackson Sudler. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Decatur Twiggs. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Killed in Mexican 
 War, '47. 
 
 1847. 
 
 * Enoch Carroll Brewster. 
 
 A.M., '50 ; lawyer ; 2d Lieut. 91st Penna. U. 
 S. N., '61-2. 
 
 * Rev. Francis Collins Clements. 
 
 A.M., '50. 
 
 * Charles Harmar. 
 
 A.M., '50. 
 
 Charles Hartshorne. 
 
 A.M., '50 ; Pres. Lehigh Valley R. R. 
 
 * Rev. William White Montgomery. 
 
 A.M., '50. 
 
 * Benjamin Johnson Crew. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Robert Forsyth Lapsley. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John McMillan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Price Toland. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '47; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 * Robertson Wharton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1848. 
 
 * John Harvey, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '51 ; M.D., '51. 
 
 * John Hughes. 
 
 A.M., '51 ; lawyer; Major C. S. A., '62-5. 
 
 * Thomas Newbold. 
 
 A.M., '51 ; M.D., '52; Phys. to Eastern Peni- 
 tentiary. 
 
 * David Paul Brown, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; U. S. Commissioner ; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Francis Vincent Green. 
 
 M.D., '51; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Surgeon 
 U. S. N. 
 
 Samuel Emlen Meigs. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Charles Howard Montgomery. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Samuel Joseph Guerard Nancrede. 
 
 M.D., '50 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Thomas Mcintosh Stewart. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '48; LL.B. (Harvard), 
 '51 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 1849. 
 
 James Darrach. 
 
 A.M., '52; M.D., '52; Surgeon to Cuyler's 
 Hosp., '61-4. 
 
 Samuel Brown Wylie McLeod. 
 
 A. M., '52 ; M.D. (Coll.), Phys. and Surg., 
 
 N. Y.), '52; Mem. Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 
 Medico-Legal Soc, N. Y.; Surg. N. Y. 
 City Police. 
 
 Hon. Christopher Magee. 
 
 A.M., '52; A.M. (Western. Univ. of Penna.), 
 '79; LL.B., '53; Judge Ct. Com. Pleas 
 Allegh. Co., Penna.; Mem. Council Pitts- 
 burgh ; Mem. Acad. Sc. and Art, Pitts- 
 burgh. 
 
 76 
 
Charles Meigs Baclie. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * George Hamilton Brown. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Isaac Davis Budd. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Samuel Franks Jacobs. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Finnix Stretcher Jaquett. 
 
 M.D., '54 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Lapsley. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Edward Wharton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1850. 
 
 * Alexander Benson, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '53. 
 
 * Joseph Blake Bispham. 
 
 A.M., '53; Capt. 3d Reg. Penna. Heavy 
 Artillery, U. S. V., '63. 
 
 * Isaac Oliver Blight. 
 
 A.M., '53. 
 
 John Hill Brinton. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; M.D. (JeflF. Med. Coll.), '52 ; Mem. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc; Patholog. Soc, Phila. ; 
 Amer. Med. Assn.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. ; Anier. Surg. Assn. ; 
 Prof. JcfiF. Med. Coll.; Surgeon U. S. V., 
 '61-5. 
 
 William Rush Dunton. 
 
 A.M., '53; M.D., 53; Fell. Coll. Pnys., 
 Phila.; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. V., '64. 
 
 Alexander Cook Durbin. 
 
 A.M., '53. 
 
 * Nalbro Frazier, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '.53; Capt. 2d Penna. Cav. U. S. V., 
 '61-4. 
 
 * Rev. William Wirt Harris. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; Chaplain to 106th Reg. Penna. 
 Vol. 'Gl-4 ; Treasurer of Princeton Coll. 
 
 George Antes Jenks. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; lawyer. 
 
 * David Loughery. 
 
 A.M., '53.: Founder and first Prin. Md. St. 
 Inst. Blind. 
 
 * George Pepper Norris. 
 
 A.M., '53; M.D., '58 ; physician. 
 
 John Hooker Packard. 
 
 A.M., '53; M.I)., '53; Fell. Coll. I'hys. 
 Phila; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; I'euua. Med, 
 Soc; Amer. Med. Assn.; Patholu-;. Soc, 
 Phila.; Medico-Legal Soc, N. Y.; Aiaer. 
 Philos. Soc; Director of Acad. Fme .\rts ; 
 Surgeon U. S. V. '61-5. 
 
 Hon. Clement Biddle Penrose. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; Mem. Hlstor. Soc, Penna. ; Judge 
 Orphan's Ct., Phila. 
 
 James Wiltbank Robins. 
 
 A.B., '50; A.B. (Trinity), '52 ; A.M., '53; 
 D.D., 71 ; v. Pres. Alumni Assu. 
 
 Abraham Lewis Smitli. 
 
 A.M., '53; LL.B., '53 ; Histor. Soc , Penna.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 * Alexander Murray Stewart. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; lawyer ; Assist. Paymaster (Ma- 
 jor) U. S. N., '61-5. 
 
 Thomas Mayer Wetherill. 
 
 A.M., '53 ; lawyer. 
 
 Richard Meade Bache. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. Conn. Acad. 
 Sc. and Arts; Amer. Philos. Soc; Engi- 
 neers' Club ; Mem. U. S. Coast Survey. 
 
 Albert Hewson. 
 
 NOMINAL ME.MBER. 
 
 * Rev. William Ransom Johnson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 185I. 
 
 * Rev. Joseph Halsted Carroll. 
 
 A.M., '54; D.D. (Hampden Sidney Coll.). 
 
 '67. 
 
 * Rev. John Keppele Helmuth. 
 
 A.M., '54. 
 
 * Thomas Linnard Hildeburn. 
 
 A.M., '54. 
 
 Rev. John Aspinwall Hodge. 
 
 A.M., '54 ; D.D. (Princeton), '74. 
 
 77 
 
James Clieston Morris. 
 
 A.M., '54 ; M.D., '54 ; Acad. Nat. Sc; Frank- 
 lin Inst.; Amer. Philos. Soc. ; Fell. Coll. 
 Phys. PMIa.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Ob- 
 stetrical Soc. Phila.; Amer. Acad, of 
 Med. ; Phys. to Episc. Hosp. and Foster 
 Home for" Children; Surgeon U. S. A., 
 '62-5. 
 
 Edward DeLong Porter. 
 
 A.M., '54 ; Ph. D. (Delaware Coll.), '81 ; 
 Life Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc; Franklin Inst. ; 
 Prof. Del. Coll.; Prof, of Univ. of Minn.; 
 Dean of Minn. Coll. Agricult; Adjt. Gen. 
 (rank Brig. Gen.), of Del. '62-3. 
 
 * Samuel Emlen Randolph. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 1852. 
 
 * Dorsey Cox. 
 
 A.M., '55; Prof. Burlington Coll., N. J. 
 
 Brinton Coxe. 
 
 A.M., '55 ; Pres. Histor. Soc, Penna. 
 
 Richard James Dunglison. 
 
 A.M., '55 ; M.D. (Jefferson Med. Coll.), '56 ; 
 Amer. Acad, of Med.; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Surgeon U.S. A.; "Dunglison' s 
 Medical Dictionary." 
 
 Rev. Alfred Langdon Elwyn. 
 
 A.M., '55. 
 
 Charles Hare Hutchinson. 
 
 A.M., '55; Histor. Soc, Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 Benoni Lockwood. 
 
 A.M., '55 ; Major 6th Penna. Cav., '63. 
 
 * Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell. 
 
 A.M., '55; M.D., '54; Mem. Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Histor. Soc, Del.; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Acad. Nat. Sc; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Mason ; Knights Templar ; Surgeon U 
 
 S. A. 
 
 Isaac Norris, Jr. 
 
 A.M.;M.D., '55; Fell. Coll. Phys. Phila.; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc; Acad, of Nat. Sc. ; 
 Franklin Inst.; Histor. Soc, Penna.; 
 Phys. to Phila. Dispens.; Lincoln Inst., 
 etc; Prof, of Chem. Central High Sch. ; 
 Surgeon U. S. A., '62. 
 
 * William Lehman Wells. 
 
 A.M., '55; M.D., '56; 
 Phila.; physician. 
 
 Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 
 Rev. Edward Webster Appleton. 
 
 A.M., '55; D.D. (Rutgers), '73; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER ; Amer. Assn. Advance Sc. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Etherington Appleton. 
 
 A.M., '55 ; D.D. (Rutger's), '76 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER. 
 
 Albert Dabadic Bache. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Paymaster U. S. N. 
 
 * Henry Clifford Cave. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Francis Albert Lewis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Andrew Adams Ripka. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Joseph Engles Sample. 
 
 M.D., '53 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Surgeon 
 U. S. N. (Brev. Major.), '65. 
 
 1853- 
 
 James Cornell Biddle. 
 
 A.M., '56; 1st Lieut. 27th Reg. Penna. VoL, 
 '61-5 ; Maj. and A. D. C. U. S. V. 
 
 * Zachariah Poulson Dobson. 
 
 A.M., '56 ; LL.B., '56 ; lawyer. 
 
 * James Henry Dunlap. 
 
 A.M., '56. 
 
 * William Henry Durbin. 
 
 A.M., '56. 
 
 * Daniel Smith Merritt. 
 
 A.M., '56 ; M.D., '57 ; physician. 
 
 Charles Herman Norton. 
 
 A.M., '56. 
 
 Henry Neill Paul. 
 
 A.M., 56. 
 
 Gideon Scull, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '56. 
 
 * George Warner. 
 
 A.M., '56. 
 
 * John Price Durbin, Jr. 
 
 A.B. (Wesleyan),'53 ; NOMINAL MEMBER; 
 Mem. N. Y. 7th Reg. 
 
 78 
 
William Stanley Hazeltine. 
 
 A.M. (Harvard), '58; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 Albert Hewson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Huston, 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Ransom Johnson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John Kintzing Kane, Jr. 
 
 M.D. (Jefiferson Med. Coll.), '55 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER ; Surg, to Expedition to North 
 Seas for relief ot Dr. Kane. 
 
 Wilham Moss. 
 
 M.D. (Jeff. Med. Coll.), '55; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER ; Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila ; Sur- 
 geon U. S. A., '61-3. 
 
 * James Parke Farley Shippen. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Grant Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Courtlandt Whelan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Lieut. Col. 
 Penna. Cav. U. S. V., '60. 
 
 6th 
 
 1854. 
 
 Herman Aloysius Allen. 
 
 A.M., '57 ; " Greek Oration " ; Prof, of Mus. 
 R. C. Theol. Sem. 
 
 * James Howell Hutchinson, 
 
 A.M., '57; M.D. ,'58; Mem. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Med. Acad. 
 Nat. So., Phila.; Patholog. Soc, Phila.; 
 Assn. of Amer. Phys.; Obstetrical Soc, 
 Phila.; Trustee Univ. of Penna.; Surgeon 
 U. S. A., '62-5. 
 
 Cooper Smith. 
 
 A.M., '57. 
 
 Rev. William Thomson. 
 
 A.M., '57. 
 
 Alfred Wharton. 
 
 A.M., '57 ; M.D., '57 ; physician. 
 
 * Henry Vethake Totten. 
 
 B.S., '54. 
 
 Hardman Philips Montgomery. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 1855- 
 
 Rev. Thomas Kittera Conrad. 
 
 A.M.. '58 ; D.D. (Penna. Coll.), '68. 
 
 Samuel Dickson. 
 
 A.M., '58; LL.B., '59; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Hon. Simon Gratz. 
 
 A.M., '58 ; Asst. Phila. City Solicitor ; Mem. 
 Penna. Legis.; Mem. Board of Publ. 
 Educ, Phila. ; lawyer. 
 
 * Hugh Lenox Hodge. 
 
 A.M., '58; M.D., '.58; Demonst. of Anat. 
 Univ. of Penna.; Pres. Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Phys. to Presbyt. 
 and Childs. Hosps.; Surgeon U. S. A., '62. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Laird. 
 
 A.M., '58 ; D.D. (Thiel Coll.), '86. 
 
 John Macrelish McGrath. 
 
 A.M., '58; M.D., '58; Surgeon (Major) 23d 
 Reg. Penna. Vol.; Surgeon 78th Reg. 
 Penna. Vol. 
 
 Alexander William Mitchell. 
 
 A.M., '58. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Dodge Newlin. 
 
 A.M., '58 ; D.D., '86. 
 
 Effingham Perot. 
 
 A.M., '58. 
 
 * John Smith Powell. 
 
 A.M., '58 ; lawyer. 
 
 George Houston Waring. 
 
 A.M., '58 ; Col. C. S. A., '61-5. 
 
 George Kirtley Bowen. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Lieut. Col. 188tb 
 Penna. Infty. 
 
 William Kellam Foster. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * John Beauclerc Newman. 
 
 A.B., '55 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Oscar William Vezin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Served in 15th 
 Penna. Cav., '60. 
 
 79 
 
1856. 
 
 George Stanislaus Allen, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '59 ; Clerk in War Dept., '62-65 ; law- 
 yer. 
 
 Kichard Lewis Ashhurst. 
 
 A.M., '59; LL.B., '59; Vice-Pres. Class; 
 Mem. Histor. Soc., Penna.; Mem. Amer. 
 Philos.; PMlada. Law Assn. 
 
 * Rev. Francis Bartlett Converse. 
 
 A.M., '59 ; Ed. Christian Observer. 
 
 Alexander Brinton Coxe. 
 
 A.M., '59. 
 
 * James Devereux, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '59. 
 
 Charles Elihu Hackley. 
 
 A.M., '59 ; M.D., '60 ; Surgeon in Chief 3d 
 Cav. Div. Army of the Potomac. 
 
 Robert Hunter McGrath, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '59 ; LL.B., '60 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. Richard Channing Moore, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '59. 
 
 Edmund Cash Pechin. 
 
 A.M., '59; Amer. Inst. Miu. E.; British 
 Iron and Steel Inst.; lawyer ; Mech. En- 
 gineer. 
 
 William Reed. 
 
 A.M., '59. 
 
 * Rev. Howard Porter Dechert. 
 
 A.M. (Princeton), '65; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 1857. 
 
 John Ashhurst, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '60 ; M.D., '60 ; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Acad. Nat. Sc; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Patholog. Soc; Acad. Surgery ; 
 Amer, Surg. Assn.; Obstet. Soc; Phila. 
 Co. Med. Soc; Penna. Med. Soc; Histor. 
 Soc, Penna.; Surgeon to Episcopal, Child- 
 ren's. Penna. Hospitals ; Prof. Univ. of 
 Penna.; "Injuries of the Spine," etc. 
 
 Rev. William Henry Hodge. 
 
 A.M., '60. 
 
 Samuel Huntingdon Jones. 
 
 A.M., '60; L.L.B. '60; Mem. Rosetta Stone 
 Com. ; lawyer. 
 
 Henry Morton. 
 
 A.M., '60 ; Ph. D. (Dickinson), '69 ; (Prince- 
 ton), '71 ; Annual Oration ; Biennial 
 Oration ; Mem. Rosetta Stone Com. ; 
 Mem. Nat. Acad.; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 Amer. Chem. Soc; Soc. Mech. Eng.; Prof. 
 Univ. Penna.; Prest. Steven's Inst. Tech.; 
 "Various Sects"; Ed. Franklin Inst. 
 Jour., etc. 
 
 William Piatt Pepper. 
 
 Lawyer ; Pres. Penna. Mus. Sch. and In- 
 dustr. Art. 
 
 George Randolph Wood. 
 
 A.M., '60; LL.B., '60; Private 1st City 
 Troop Cav., Phila. 
 
 John Goddard Watmough. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1858. 
 
 Henry Ashhurst. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; lawyer. 
 
 David Watts Biddle. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; Capt. U. S. N., '61-4. 
 
 George Tucker Bispham. 
 
 A.M., '61; LL.B., '62; lawyer; "Princi- 
 ples of Equity." 
 
 Alfred Pancoast Boiler. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; C. E. (Rensselaer Poly. Inst.), 
 '61 ; Amer. Soc. C. E.; Amer. Soc. Min. E.; 
 N. Y. Univ. Club. 
 
 Charles Evert Cadwalader. 
 
 A.M., '61; M.D., '61; Amer. Acad. Med.; 
 Amer. Med. Assn ; Penna. Med. Assn. ; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys.; Phila. Co. Med. Assn.; 
 Franklin Inst.; Civil Service Assn.; Local 
 Sc. Assn.; Brev. Lieut. Col. U. S. A., '61-5. 
 
 Charles William Duane. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; " Henry Reed," pr. 
 
 William West Frazier, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; Capt. 6th Penna. Cav. U. S. V., 
 '61-4. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Charles Reuben Hale. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; D.D. (Hobart), '76 ; Bishop of 
 Springfield Diocese ; Chaplain; U. S. N., 
 '63. 
 
 Rev. Gustavus Martin Murray. 
 
 A.M., '6L 
 
 80 
 
Charles Bingham Penrose. 
 
 A.M., '61 ; Lieut. Col. U. S. A. 
 
 John Sydney Crawford. 
 
 M.E., '58; NOMINAL MEMBER; FeU. 
 Geolog. Soc. of London, Eiig.; " Miniug- 
 as Known to the Ancients"; "Geology 
 of New Mexico," etc. 
 
 Rt. Rev. William Hobart Hare. 
 
 D.D. (Trinity), '72 ; D.D. (Kenvon), LL.D. 
 (Columbia), '73 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; 
 Bishop, '73. 
 
 * Alexander Heyl Freeman Wil- 
 liamson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1859. 
 
 Edwin North Benson. 
 
 A.M., '62; nistor. Soc. Penn.; Univ. Club; 
 Pres. Elect. Coll. Peuna.; Private 32d 
 Reg. Penua. Vol. '62. 
 
 * Charles E. Buckwalter. 
 
 A.M., '62 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. Edward Payson Capp. 
 
 A.M., '62; "Henry Reed," pr.; Missionary 
 to China. 
 
 Cecil Clay. 
 
 A.M., '62 ; Mem. Biolog. Soc, Washington, 
 D. C; Brig. Gen. U. S. V. '65. 
 
 * Henry Augustus Converse. 
 
 A.M., '62; lawyer. 
 
 * William Darrach, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '62; M.D., '61; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Act. Asst. Surg., U. S. V. 
 
 Benjamin West Frazier, Jr. 
 
 A.M., 62 ; Prof. Lehigh Univ. 
 
 Rev. Chandler Hare. 
 
 A.M., '61. 
 
 Rev. Edward Blanchard Hodge. 
 
 A.M., '62; Jun. Essay, pr.; Sen. Greek, pr. 
 
 * Henry Bainb ridge HofF. 
 
 A.M., '62 ; First Lieut. U. S. M. C. Exped. 
 for Capt. of Port Royal ; Lieut, of Ma- 
 rines. 
 
 * Nathan Clemmens Hunt. 
 
 A.M., '62; Ed. "Poetry of Other Lands;" 
 Asst. Ed. " Fireside Encyclopedia of 
 Poetry;" Asst. Ed. "Amer. Edit, of 
 British Encyclopedia." 
 
 William McMichael. 
 
 A.M., '62; Asst. Atty. Gen. U. S.; U. S. 
 Dist. Atty. E. D. Peiiua ; Asst. Adjt. Gen. 
 U. S. Vol. '62-5. 
 
 Rev. Charles Tabele McMuUin. 
 
 A.M., '62. 
 
 David Pepper. 
 
 A.M., '62. 
 
 * John McDowell Rice. 
 
 A.M., '62; A.M., (Weslevan) '62; A.M. 
 (Princeton) '66; M.l)., '62; Asst. Surg. 
 U. S. N.; Surgeon on " Ossipee " at trans- 
 fer of Alaska to the U. S. 
 
 William Bowdoin Robins. 
 
 A.M., '62; lawyer. 
 
 James Beattie Roney. 
 
 A.M., '62 ; lawyer. 
 
 George Wilbur Russell. 
 
 A.M., '62 ; Private 8th Reg. Penna. Militia, 
 '62. 
 
 Rev. Henry Burman Townsend. 
 
 A.M., '62. 
 
 Frederick Brown, Jr. 
 
 Ph.D., '59; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Marquedant Burns, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Instructor Haver- 
 ford Coll. 
 
 * James Harrison Lambdin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Asst. Adjt. Gen. U. 
 S. A., '62. 
 
 * Rev. George Daniel Stroud. 
 
 A.B. (Kenyon Coll.), '59; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; lawyer ; clergyman ; Capt. 20th 
 Penna. Cav., U. S. V., '64. 
 
 Benjamin Hutchinson Tatem. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 i860. 
 
 * George McClelland Bredin. 
 
 A..B, '60 ; 1st Sergeant U. S. A., '61-4. 
 
 Caleb William Cresson. 
 
 A.M., '63. 
 
 81 
 
Lemuel Jacob Deal. 
 
 AM '63 ; M.D. (Jefferson Med Coll.), '63 
 Ph D. (Wagner Free Inst. So.), '72 
 Franklin Inst ; Fell Coll. Phys. Phila. 
 PMla. Co. Med. Soc; Penna. Med. Soc. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc; West Va. Histor. Soc. 
 Prof. Mo. Med. Coll.; Prof. Penna. Coll 
 Phar.; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 
 
 * Archibald Hill Engles. 
 
 A.M., '63 ; Brev. Major U. S. A., '61. 
 
 Woodruif Jones. 
 
 A.M., '63 ; 2d Lieut. 1st Phila. Battery, '63. 
 
 Eev. Charles Morison. 
 
 A.M., 'o3. 
 
 William Norris. 
 
 Mem. Histor. Soc. Penna.; lawyer. Lieut. 
 U. S. A., '61-3. 
 
 * George William Powell. 
 
 A.M., '63 ; lawyer. 
 
 Hev. Robert White. 
 
 A.M., '63. 
 
 William Wurts White. 
 
 A.M., '63; "Henry Reed" pr.; Valedic- 
 torian. 
 
 Rev. David Burt Willson. 
 
 A.M., '63; M.D. (Jeff. Med. CoU.) '63; D. 
 D., '90; Jun. Gr. pr.; Sen. Gr. pr.; Prof. 
 Eef. Pres. Theol. Sem.; Asst. Surg. U. S. 
 V. '63. 
 
 Francis Wister. 
 
 A.M., '63 ; Capt. U. S. Inf. '61-63; Col. U. S. 
 V. '64 ; " History of the 12th U. S. Infan- 
 try." 
 
 Thomas Brown, 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Harry Connelly, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Robertson Leathem Macklin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER 
 
 George Grice Myers. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 i86i. 
 * Richard Hail Douglass. 
 
 A.M., '64 : Paymaster U. S. N. 
 
 Charles Wetherill Gumbes. 
 
 A.M., '64; M.D. (Jefierson Med. Coll.) '64; 
 Histor. Soc. Penna.; Act. Asst. Surg. U. 
 S. A. '64. 
 
 Rev. Chester David Hartranft. 
 
 A.M., '63 ; D.D. (Rutgers) ; Prof, in Rutgers 
 Coll.; Prol. in Hartford Theolog. Sem.; 
 Capt. 18th Reg. Penna. Militia. 
 
 Edward James Heyl. 
 
 A.M., '64; LL. B., '65; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; 
 Soph. Lat. pr.; lawyer. 
 
 * Rev. Martin Parkinson Jones. 
 
 A.M., '64. 
 
 Rev. Gregory Bernard Keen. 
 
 A.M., '64; Fresh, and Soph. Gr. Pr. prs.; 
 Jun. Lat. Pr. pr.; Mem. Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Librarian of Univ. of Penna.; 
 Prof. Theol. Sem. St. Charles Bor. Penna. 
 
 Rev. Charles Joseph Little. 
 
 A.M., '64; Ph. D. (De Pann. Univ.), '81; 
 LL. D. (Dickinson) '85; Prof. Dickinson 
 Coll.; Prof. Syracuse Univ.; State Libra- 
 rian of Penna. 
 
 John Alexander McArthur. 
 
 A.M., '64 ; M.D. (Jeff. Med. Coll.) '64 ; phy- 
 sician. 
 
 James Rawle. 
 
 A.M., '64. 
 
 Charles Ashmead Schaeffer. 
 
 A.M., '64; Ph. D. (Gottingen) '69; Amer. 
 Inst. Min. Eng.; Mem. N. Y. Acad. Sc; 
 Prof. Cornell Univ.; Pres: State Univ., 
 Iowa ; Sergeant Landis Batt'y, '63. 
 
 George Washington Wannemacher. 
 
 A.M., '64. 
 
 Frederick Meade Bissell. 
 
 A.B., '84. NOMINAL MEMBER. Private 
 1st Reg. Penna. Militia. 
 
 * William Henry Gumbes. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. Mem. Amer. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. 
 
 * John Sergeant Meade. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 *' William Lehman Walker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 ^ John Chester White. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
i862. 
 Rev. Jesse Young Burke. 
 
 A.M., '65 ; Histor. Soc. Penna.; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc; Sec'y Trustees Univ. of 
 Penna. 
 
 * John Cadwalader, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '65 ; lawyer ; Collector of Customs. 
 
 * Charles Brinton Coxc. 
 
 A.M., '65 ; Major 6tli Penna. Cav. Vols. '62-5. 
 
 Persifor Frazer, 
 
 A.M., '65; D. Nat. Sc. (Univ. of France), 
 '82. Diploma from Roy. Sax. Sch. of 
 Mines; Mem. Philos. Soc; Mem. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc; Mem. Brit. Ass'n Advance Sc, 
 Mem. Penna. Histor. Soc; Assn. Geologi- 
 cal Survey, '69 ; Prof, of Nat. Philos. and 
 Chem. Univ. of Pa.; Ensign U. S. N., '64. 
 Chmn. Matric Cat. Com.; "Tables for 
 the Determ. after Wiesbach's method " 
 et al. 
 
 Charles Custis Harrison. 
 
 A.M., '65; "Henry Reed" pr.; Histor. 
 Soc. Penna.; Trustee of Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Kev. John Sparhawk Jones. 
 
 A.M., '65 ; D.D. (Princeton), '80. 
 
 * John George Repplier McElroy. 
 
 A.M., '65; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; Soph. Lat 
 Pr. pr.; Sen. Gr. pr.; Sen. Philos. pr. 
 Mem. Mod. Lang. Assn. of Amer.; Coa 
 temp. Club. Phila.; Prof Univ. of Peima. 
 " Structure of English Prose ; " "Essen 
 tial Lessons in English Etymology ; " etc 
 
 Thomas McKean. 
 
 A.M.. '65. 
 
 * George Pepper. 
 
 A.B., '62 ; M.D., '65 ; Lieut. U. S. A. '63. 
 
 William Pepper. 
 
 A.M., '65; M.D., '64; LL.D. (Lafayette), 
 '81; Patholog. Soc. Phila.; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc; Acad. Nat. Sc; Obstetr. 
 Soc; Amer. Med. Assn.; Penna. Med. 
 Soc; Harrisburg Pathol. Soc; Amer. 
 Acad. Med., etc; Prof. Univ. of Penna.; 
 Provost Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Rev. Robert Ritchie, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '65; LL.B. '64; Served in "Emer- 
 gency Corps," '62. 
 
 Skipwith Wilmer. 
 
 A.M., '65; LL.B. (Univ. of La.), '66; 
 lavyyer. Lieut. C. S. A. '62-5. 
 
 Edward Seymour Harlan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER , lawyer. 
 
 Edwin Fisher King. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Clifford Lewis. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Gould Meigs. 
 
 A.M. (Lafayette), '65; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Private 121st Reg. Penna. Vol. 
 
 George Brinton Phillips. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. Private Penna. 
 Military Emerg. Troops, '62. 
 
 Thomas Leaming Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. Private " Gray Re- 
 serves," '63. 
 
 Edward Starr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1863. 
 
 * Daniel Jacoby. 
 
 A.M., '66. 
 
 William Main, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '66. 
 
 James Logan Newbold. 
 
 A.M., '66. 
 
 * Rev. George Washington Pauly. 
 
 A.M., '66. 
 
 Charles Penrose Perkins. 
 
 A.M., '66; Amer. Soc. C. E. 
 
 William Brooke Rawle. 
 
 A.M., '66; Histor. Soc. of Penna.; Military 
 Histor. Soc. of Mass.; Phila. Law. Assn.; 
 Lieut. Col. U. S. A. '65; "The Right 
 Flank at Gettysburg ; " " Gregg's Cavalry 
 Fight at Gettysburg." 
 
 Eugene Irving Santee. 
 
 A.M., '66; M.D., '66 ; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc,; Obstetrical Soc; 
 Patholog. Soc; physician. 
 
 * Francis Garden Smyth. 
 
 A.M., '66; M.D., '66; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Philo.; Acad. Nat. Sc; Penna. Med. Soc; 
 Internat. Med. Cong. Phila. 
 
 George Washington Spiese. 
 
 A.M., '66; Histor. Soc. 
 Inst.; lawyer. 
 
 Penna.; Franklin 
 
 83 
 
Rev. Samuel Young. 
 
 A.M., '66; Fresh. Lat. Pr. pr. 
 
 Wolcott Richards Bissell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEJIBER- 
 
 Charles W. Breaker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Rev. William James Day. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Woodbridge Patton. 
 
 A.M. (Princeton), '66 ; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. Lawyer ; Mem. City Council, 
 Phila. 
 
 Henry Baldwin Plumer. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Eugene Miller Smyser. 
 
 M.D., '61; NOMINAL MEMBER. Asst. 
 Surg. U. S. A. '63-5 ; physician. 
 
 Edward Willard Watson. 
 
 M.D., '65; NOMINAL MEMBER. Fell. 
 Coll. Phys. Phila.; Obstetrical Soc. 
 Phila.; physician. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Franklin Dick Castle. 
 
 A.M., '67; M.D. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 
 physician. 
 
 (Wurzburg), '70; Phila. 
 Amer. Acad, of Med.; 
 
 William Prichard Coleman. 
 
 B. S., '64. 
 
 William John Faires. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; Private 32d Penna. Vols. '63. 
 
 Alfred Craven Harrison. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; Served as private, 1st City 
 Troop Cav., Phila., '63. 
 
 Richard Somers Hayes. 
 
 Private 1st City Troop 
 
 C.E., '65 M. E. 
 Cav., Phila., 
 
 '66; 
 '63. 
 
 Rev. Francis Heyl, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; Missionary to India. 
 
 Charles Eld ridge Morgan, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; Mem. Law. Assn., Phila: 
 CltySolic; Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Walter George Oakman. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; 1st City Troop Phila. Cav. '64. 
 
 Asst. 
 
 Robert James Service Steen. 
 
 A.M., '67; Private 1st Citv Troop Cav., 
 Phila. 
 
 Howard Wood. 
 
 A.M., '67 ; Mem. Franklin Inst.; Engineers 
 Club, Phila. ; Histor. Soc. Penna. 
 
 Richard M. Crane. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Smith Goodwin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * William Moore, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Private 1st Phila. 
 Battery, Lt. Artill'y, '63. 
 
 * James Cole Van Dyke, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1865. 
 
 * William Samuel Armstrong. 
 
 A.B., '65; M.D., '68; physician. 
 
 Beauveau Borie. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 John Sergeant Gerhard. 
 
 A.M., '68; LL.B., '67; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. George Woolsey Hodge. 
 
 A.M., '68; Class Orator; "Henry Reed;" 
 pr. 
 
 John Thompson Lewis, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 Horace Magee. 
 
 A.M., '68 ; lawyer. 
 
 Robert Emmet McDonald. 
 
 A.B., '65 ; Class Historian ; Justice of the 
 Peace. 
 
 Rev. Wm. Woodrow Montgomery. 
 
 A.M., '68; lawyer and clergyman. 
 
 Rev. William Wilberforce Newton. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 * Henry Pepper. 
 
 A.M., '68 ; LL.B., '68. 
 
 Hon. Henry Reed. 
 
 A.M., '64; Amer. Philos. Soc; Judge Ct. 
 Com. Pleas, Phila. 
 
 84 
 
Samuel Ritchie. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 Rev. William Ashmead Schaeffer. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 John Clarke Sims, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '68 ; lawyer; Secy. Penna. R. R. 
 
 Thomas Diehl Stichter. 
 
 A.M., '68 ; Mem. Reading City Councils. 
 
 Rev. Richard Newton Thomas. 
 
 A.M., '68. 
 
 Louis Adolphus Duhring. 
 
 M.D., '67; NOMINAL MEMBER; Fell. 
 Coll. Phys., Phila.; Mem. Patholog. Soc; 
 Prof. Uiiiv. of Penna.; "Diseases of the 
 
 Skin." 
 
 John Holbrook Easby, 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Inman Horner. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Amer. Philos. Soc; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Henry Reed Julian. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Thomas Carswell Miles. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 1st Reg. 
 Penna. Reserves, '61. 
 
 Thomas Clarkson Parrish. 
 
 M.D., '71; NOMINAL MEMBER; State 
 Senator, Col.; Phys. Penna. Hosp. 
 
 William Evans Rogers. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Private 1st City 
 Troop Cav., Phila., '63. 
 
 James Napoleon Walker. 
 
 A.B.. A.M. (Lafavette), '68, NOMINAL 
 MEMBER. 
 
 Constantine Hering Williamson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Pres. Sect. Sc. 
 Board, Phila. 
 
 . S66. 
 
 * Frederic Williamson Beasley, Jr. 
 
 A.M., 'G9. 
 
 Henry Clay Brown. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Clement Cresson Dickey. 
 
 A.M., '69. 
 
 Isaac Minis Hays. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; M.D., '68 ; Fell. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila.; Assn. of Amer. Phys.: Mem. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc.; Ed. Amer. Journal of 
 Med. Science. 
 
 John White Hoffman. 
 
 A.M., '69. 
 
 Otis Howard Kendall. 
 
 A.B., '66: LL.B., '68; Ph.D. (Wittenberg 
 Coll.), '85 ; lawyer ; Prof. Univ. of Penna. 
 
 John Alsop King. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; " Spoon man " of Class. 
 
 Rev. Harry Ingersoll Meigs. 
 
 A.M., '69. 
 
 John Buck Morgan. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; Class Orator. 
 
 * Louis Horace Pauly. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; " Henry Reed," pr.: Soph. Essay, 
 pr.;Intell. andMor. Phil., pr.; lawyer. 
 
 * William Rufus Bucknell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles H. Caldwell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Samuel Hicks Clapp. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Hamilton Gray, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Frank C. Headman. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Craige Lippincott. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Robert Proctor. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER : Mem. Geolog. See. 
 of Amer.: Private C. S. A , '64; State 
 Geologist of Ky. 
 
 Rev. George Albert Redles. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Francis ^^\. Rose. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; no data. 
 
 Charles Allston Stone. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 85 
 
1867. 
 
 George Henry Ball. 
 
 A.M., '70. 
 
 Frederick Carroll Brewster, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; lawyer. 
 
 *Kev. Gerald Fitzgerald Dale, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; Missionary to Syria. 
 
 Alonzo Potter Douglass. 
 
 A.M., '70; Secretary to Commodore U. S. 
 N.; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Herman Cope Duncan. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; Fell. New Orleans Acad, of Sc; 
 " History of the Diocese of Louisiana." 
 
 Robert Frazer, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '70; Prof. Lafayette Coll. 
 
 * Thomas Hollingsworth Lyman. 
 
 A.M., '70. 
 
 Archibald Roger Montgomery. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; lawyer. 
 
 Edward Fox Pugh. 
 
 A.M.; '70; Histor. Soc. Penna.; Law Assn. , 
 Phila.; Jun. Essay, pr.; Sen. Essay, pr.; 
 Pres. of Class ; lawyer ; Ed. " Dunlap's 
 Book of Legal Forms." 
 
 Rev. Arthur Ritchie, Jr 
 
 A.M., '70 ; " Spiritual Studies in St. John's 
 Gospel" ; " Six Sermons to Men "; Ed. 
 Catholic Champion. 
 
 Newcomb Butler Thompson. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; lawyer. 
 
 Charles Edward Van Pelt. 
 
 A.M., '70. 
 
 * John Wansdeford Wright. 
 
 A.M., '70 ; LL.B., '69 ; Vice-Pres. Sen. Class ; 
 Greek Salutatory ; lawyer. 
 
 Charles Willing Beale. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Richard Wells Clay. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer, 
 
 Charles Albert Duhring. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Maxwell Mclntyre. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer ; 2d Lieut. 
 118th Reg. Penna. Vol., '62. 
 
 Clement Stocker Phillips, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Gibbs Porter, Jr. 
 
 M.D.,'68 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Patholog. 
 Soc, Phila.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Obstet- 
 rical Soc, Phila ; Fell. Coll. Phys. Phila.; 
 Acad, of Surgery ; Amer. Surg. Assn.; 
 Penna. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assn.; 
 Surgeon U. S. A., '77. 
 
 Henry Budd, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '71 ; Histor. Soc, Penna. 
 
 Edward Fenno Hoffman. 
 
 A.M., '71; lawyer. 
 
 * Gustavus Brown Horner. 
 
 A.M., '7L 
 
 Leighton Hoskins. 
 
 A.M., '71 ; Lect. Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Ewing Jordan. 
 
 A.M., '71 : M.D., '71 ; Sen. Eng. History, pr.; 
 Phys. to Preshyt. Ho.sp.; Phila. Disp.; 
 Lincoln Inst., etc.; Life Mem. Histor. 
 Soc, Penna.; Mora v. Histor. Soc; Phila. 
 Athenaeum, etc. 
 
 William Robert McAdam, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '71 ; lawyer. 
 
 * John Elmore McCreary. 
 
 A.M., '71. 
 
 Carl Adolph Max Wiehle. 
 
 A.M. '71 ; M.D., '71. 
 
 Charles Frederick Ziegler. 
 
 A.M., '71 ; lawyer and Notary Public. 
 
 * Hon. Edwin John Baker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Assoc. Judge Pik-- 
 Co. 
 
 William Henry Bennett. 
 
 A.M. (Brown), '84 ; M.D., '69 ; NOMINAL 
 MEMBER; Fell. Coll. Phys. Phila.; 
 Patholog. Soc, Phila.; Phila. Co. Med. 
 Soc; Phys. to Episc and St. Christoph. 
 Hosps. 
 
 Frederick John Boiler. 
 
 C.E. (Rensselaer Poly. Inst.), '69; NOMI- 
 NAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Charles Camblos, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 86 
 
Robert Neilson Clark. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. Araer. Inst. 
 Min. Eiig.; Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila.; Eng, 
 Soc, West. Peuna. 
 
 Joseph Hornor Coates. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Hugh Elliot. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. Delaware 
 Histor. Soc. 
 
 Walter Lippincott. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Deardorf McCreary. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER: Treas. City of Phila.; 
 Trustee Jefl'. Med. Coll. 
 
 Charles Edward Ronaldson. 
 
 M.E. (Lehigh), '69 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; 
 Trustee Lehigh Univ. ; Amer. Inst. M. E. ; 
 Franklin Inst. 
 
 Charles Henry Spencer. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '681 NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 William Uhler. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1869. 
 
 Robert Adams, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '72; Biennial Orator ; Class presi- 
 dent; Fresh. Decl., pr.; Mem. Histor. Soc, 
 Penna.; Mem. U. S. Geolog. Survey ; 
 State Senator ; U. S. Minister to Brazil ; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Rev. George Pomeroy Allen. 
 
 A.M., '72;D.D., '87. 
 
 Rev. John Grant Bawn. 
 
 A.M., '69 ; Valedictorian of class. 
 
 Ellis Yarnall Brown. 
 
 A.M., '72. 
 
 William Henry Burnett. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; lawyer. 
 
 James Hopkins Carpenter. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Robert Graham. 
 
 A.M., '72; Sen. Gr., pr. 
 
 William Welsh Harrison. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; Private 1st Reg., Penna. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Reed List. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; Mem. Gth U. S. Cav. Band, '61^ 
 
 * Franklin Fisher Maxfield. 
 
 A.B., '69. 
 
 Rev. Edward Ritchie. 
 
 A. M., '72. 
 
 George Hay Stuart, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '72. 
 
 Richard Francis Wood. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; lawyer. 
 
 Albert Sidney Ashmead, Jr. 
 
 M.D., 'Oil; NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 
 Med. Soc. Co. of N. Y.; physician. 
 
 Rev. Henry Neidig Fegley. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Albert Gallatin Heyl. 
 
 M.D., '70; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George McClellan. 
 
 M.D. (Jefferson), '70; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER; Lect. Anat. Acad, of Fine Arts, 
 Phila. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Francis Enoch Brewster. 
 
 A.M., '73 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. George Martin Christian. 
 
 A.M.. '73 ; " Henry Reed," pr.; Pres. Nasho- 
 tah Theol. Sem., Wis. 
 
 * Theodore Herman Ernst. 
 
 A.B., '70. 
 
 Harold Goodwin. 
 
 A.M., '73 ; LL.B., '74 ; lawyer. 
 
 William Woodnutt Griscom. 
 
 A.M., '73; Mem. Amer. Philos. Soc.; Amer. 
 Assn. Advance., Sc; Inst, of Elect. Eng.; 
 Franklin Inst. 
 
 Robert Mendenhall Huston. 
 
 A.M., '73; Asst. Eng. U. S. N.; Mem. 1st 
 City Troop Cav., Phila. 
 
 Charles Augustus March. 
 
 A.M., '73. 
 
 87 
 
George Fox Martin. 
 
 A.M., '73 ; Class President, '68-88. 
 
 Kev. Alexander James Miller. 
 
 A.M., '73. 
 
 Henry Galbraith Ward. 
 
 A.M., '73 ; Juu. Essay, pr.; Sen. Gr., pr. 
 
 Charles Douglass Barber. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Frank Laurent Clerc. 
 
 C.E. (Lehigh), '71 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; 
 Mem. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. 
 
 Hugh Craig, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Henry Trevor Eckert. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Fry. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Rev. Charles Brassington Mee. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Arthur Vincent Meigs. 
 
 M.D., '71; NOMINAL MEMBER; FeU. 
 CoU. Phys.. Phila.; Patholog. Soc, Phila.; 
 Ohstetrical Soc.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Assn. of Amer. Phys.; Phys. to Penna and 
 Child. Hosps. 
 
 * Charles Rochester Parvin. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Robert Maskell Patterson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Francis Clifford Phillips. 
 
 A.M.'(causa honoris), '79 ; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Prof. Western Univ. Penna. 
 
 * George Sharswood, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 187I, 
 
 Louis Naglee Bruner. 
 
 A.M., '74. 
 
 Herman Burgin. 
 
 A.M., '74: M.D. (Jeff. Med. Coll.), '79; 
 Histor. Soc. Penna.; Penna. Soc. Sons of 
 Rev.; Mem. N. J. Soc. of the Cincinnati 
 
 Hampton Lawrence Carson. 
 
 A.M., '74 ; LL.B., '74 ; Jun. Essay, pr.; Class 
 Historian ; Master's Oration ; Amer. Phil. 
 Soc; Histor. Soc, Penna.; Law. Acad., 
 Phila.; Law Assn., Phila.; Ed. Legal Ga- 
 zette. 
 
 William Gardiner Freedley. 
 
 A.M., '74. 
 
 Craig Heberton. 
 Charles Plenry Howell. 
 
 A.M., '74 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Marcellus Karcher. 
 
 A.M., '74. 
 
 Newton Keim. 
 
 A.M., '74 ; lawyer. 
 
 Morris James Lewis. 
 
 A.M., '74 ; M.D., '74 ; Ph.D., '74 ; Patholog. 
 SoQ. Phila.; Mineralog. Soc, Phila.; Phy- 
 sician. 
 
 Rev. Everard Patterson Miller. 
 
 A.M.. '74; B.D. (Episc. Theol. Sch. of 
 
 Mass.), '74. 
 
 William Rhoads Murphy. 
 
 A.M., '74; lawyer. 
 
 * William Pepper Norris. 
 
 A.M., '74. 
 
 Herbert Welsh. 
 
 A.M., '74 ; Mem. Amer. Philos. Soc; "Six 
 weeks among the Sioux Indians." etc. 
 
 * Benjamin Hornor Yarnall. 
 
 A.M., '74. 
 
 Alan Howard Reed. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. Histor. Soc, 
 Penna. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Richard Colegate Dale, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; " Henry Reed" pr.; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. James Sterling Fenton, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '75; B.D. (Gen. TheoL Sem.), '82; 
 lawyer and clergyman. 
 
 Robert Patterson Field. 
 
 A.M., '75; M. E., '74; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 
* Charles Bloomfield Goldsborough. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; M.D., '76; Soph. Pres. of Class ; 
 Mem. Patholog. Soc. Phila.; Mem. Clini- 
 cal Soc. of Baltimore ; Anier. Med. Assn. ; 
 Surgeon Marine Hosp. Service. 
 
 Edward Hopkinson. 
 
 A.M., '72 ; lawyer. ; 
 
 Rev. Louis Kalbfus'Lewis. 
 
 A.M., '75.; 
 
 William Montgomery Meigs. 
 
 A.M., '75; M.D., '75; Mem. Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Law Assn. Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Howard Murphy. 
 
 M.S., '75. 
 
 James Monroe Murray. 
 
 A.M., '75; M.D., '76.-: 
 
 Rev. Harry Walstane Nancrede. 
 
 A.M., '75. 
 
 John Rodman Paul, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '75; Pres. Law Acad. Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Henry Robert Percival. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; S.T.D.(Nashotah Theol. Sem.) '91. 
 
 Rev. George Tybout Purves. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; D.D.(Wash. and JefiF. Coll.), '88; 
 Fresh. Decl. pr.; Soph. Decl. pr.; Jun. 
 Oration pr.; Jun. Metaphys. pr.; Jun. 
 Pres. of Class ; Prof. Princeton College. 
 
 Franklin Lawrence Sheppard. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; Jun. Oration pr. 
 
 John Bonsall Taylor. 
 
 A.M., '75 ; patent lawyer. 
 
 Samuel Hinds Thomas. 
 
 A.M., '75; A.M., (St. John's Coll., Camb., 
 Eng.) '77; lawyer. 
 
 William Herbert Washington. 
 
 A.B., (gratia causa) '90 ; lawyer. 
 
 Joseph Howell Burroughs. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 Arthur Burt. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; 1st City Troop Cav., 
 '77. 
 
 William James Campbell. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Rev. Bennington Fitz Randolph 
 Clark. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Edward Cook Clay. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Logan Fox. 
 
 C.E., (Rensselaer. Poly. Inst.) '75; NOM- 
 INAL MEMBER. 
 
 Alexander Purves Gest. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Robardet Hopkins. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Hamilton Murray. 
 
 A.B., (Princeton) '72; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 Hollings worth Neill. 
 
 M.D., '74 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Alfred Ingersoll Phillips. 
 
 LL.B., '74; NOMINAL MEMBER; Ed. 
 "Adam's Doct. of Eq'y."; Ed. "Scribner 
 on Dower." 
 
 Rev. Charles Ellis Stevens. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; LL.D.; (Univ. of 
 Wooster;) D.C.L., (King's Coll., Canada;) 
 Prof. Univ., City of N. Y.; F.S.A., (Edin- 
 burgh ;) F.R.G.S., (London;) Fell. Amer. 
 Geog. Soc; Mem. Amer. Ethnol. Soc; 
 "The City." 
 
 1873- 
 
 Rev. William Morris Barker. 
 
 A.M., '76. 
 
 Edward Jordan Bell. 
 
 A.M., '76. 
 
 * Charles Alrich Besson. 
 
 M.S., '76; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. William Boyd, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '76 ; Soph. Lat., pr.; Jun. Gr. pr.; Jun. 
 Oration, pr.; Sen. Gr., pr.; Commence- 
 ment Orator. 
 
 John William Brock. 
 
 A.M., '76; lawyer. 
 
 Joseph Crawford Egbert 
 
 M.D., 
 
 Soc, 
 
 B.S., '73 ; 
 Obstet. 
 Penna. 
 
 '80 ; Ph.D., '80 ; M«Bi. 
 Phila.; Catholog. 8o«. 
 
Hugh John Fagan. 
 
 B.S., '73. 
 
 James Logan Fisher. 
 
 B.S., '73 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Percival Holl Hickman. 
 
 B.S., '73; Prof. Racine Coll.; "Talman 
 Fellow," Gen. Theol. Sem. 
 
 Charles Penrose Keith. 
 
 B.S., '73; Class Historian; Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 Henry Carvill Lewis. 
 
 A.M., '76 ; Class Poet.; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila.; Franklin Inst.; 
 Fell. Geolog. Soc. of London ; Geolog; 
 Survey of Amer.; Prof. Acad. Nat. Sc; 
 Prof. Haverford Coll. 
 
 Rudolph Lee NefF. 
 
 A.M., '76 ; LL.B., '76 ; lawyer.;; 
 
 Henry Pleasants, Jr. 
 
 B.S., '73 ; lawyer. 
 
 Coleman Sellers, Jr. 
 
 M.S., '76; Mem. Amer. Soc. M. E.; Engi- 
 neers' Club, Phila. ; Franklin Inst. 
 
 Robert Meade Smith. 
 
 A.M., '76; M.D., '76; Demonstrator'^Univ. 
 of Penna. 
 
 * Lester Wells. 
 
 B.S., '73. 
 
 Rev. William Force Whitaker. 
 
 A.M., '73 ; Sen. Gr., pr.; Latin Salutatorian. 
 
 Charles Addams Young. 
 
 M.S., '76 ; Geolog. Survey of Penna. 
 
 Francis Von Albadie Cabeen. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 WilHam Rudolph Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 William Von Albadie Williamson. 
 
 LL.B., '75 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Deputy 
 Clerk U. S. Circ Ct., Phila. 
 
 Charles James Wills. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Fresh. Gr. Pr., pr. 
 
 1874. 
 
 * Charles Alburt Ashburner. 
 
 M.S., '77 ; C.E., '74 ; Mem. Wyoming Histor. 
 and Geolog. Soc; Mem. U. S. A. Engi- 
 neer Corps ; U. S. Lighthouse Service Sur- 
 vey. 
 
 George Henry Christian, Jr. 
 
 B.S., '74. 
 
 Francis Aloysius Cunningham. 
 
 B.S., '74. 
 
 Joseph DeForest Junkin. 
 
 A.M., '77 ; lawyer. 
 
 John Francis Maher. 
 
 M.S., '77. 
 
 Rev. Nalbro Frazier Robinson. 
 
 A.M., '77; Jun. Gr., pr.; Latin Salutato- 
 rian; Class Historian. 
 
 Albert Borden Williams. 
 
 B.S., '74;LL.B., '77. 
 
 Charles Chauncey Binney. 
 
 A.B.(Harvard), '78 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; 
 Fresh. Gr. Pr., pr. 
 
 George Horace Burgin (3d). 
 
 M.D., '76; NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 
 Histor. Soc, Penna.; Penna. Soc. Sons of 
 Rev.; physician. 
 
 Edward Dillon. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Joseph Elenterio Hatton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Barton Hopkins. 
 
 M.D., '74 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Fell. 
 Coll. Phys., Phila.; Prof. Phila. Poly- 
 clinic ; Asst. Demonstrator Surg. Univ. 
 of Penna ; Phys. to Penna. Hosp. 
 
 Rev. John William Kaye. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Alexander Wilcocks Meigs. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Gluyas Mercer. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Samuel Money, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Philo. Essay, pr.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 90 
 
Rev. William Parker Patterson. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), 74; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 * Harry Edmunds Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Norris Wilcock Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 * Harry Fulton Sterling. 
 
 M.D., '76 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Charles Wellington Freedley. 
 
 A.M., '78 ; lawyer. 
 
 Edward Baldwin Gleason. 
 
 B.S., '75 ; M.D., '78 ; physician. 
 
 William Henry Hollis. 
 
 A.B., '75. 
 
 Samuel Thomas Kerr. 
 
 A.M.. '78. 
 
 * Calhoun Megargee. 
 
 M.D., '78. 
 
 Ewing Lawrence Miller. 
 Caspar Morris, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '78; M.D., '78 : Asst. Prof. Phila. 
 Polyclinic ; Mem. Phila. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Fell. Coll. Phys., Phila.; Phys. toPenna. 
 and Episc. Hosps. 
 
 Effingham Buckley Morris. 
 
 A.M., '78 ; LL.B., '78 ; " Spoon man" ; Mem. 
 Council, Phila.; Pres. Alumni Assn. 
 Univ. of Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 William Ruckman Philler. 
 
 A.M., '78 ; LL.B., '78 ; Law Orator at Com- 
 mencement ; la^vyer. 
 
 William Wagener Porter. 
 
 A.M., '78; lawyer. 
 
 John William Townsend. 
 
 A.M., '78 ; Fresh. Pres. of Class. 
 
 Frederick Diller Baker. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Frank Eyre. 
 
 M.D., '76; NOMINAL MEMBER; physi- 
 cian. 
 
 Daniel John Milton Miller. 
 
 M.D., '78; NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 
 PatholoR. Soc. Phila.; Mem. Obstet. Soc, 
 Phila.; Phila. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 John Campbell Sherlock. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Charles Penrose Blight, 
 
 A.M., '79 ; lawyer. 
 
 William Christian Bullitt. 
 
 A.M., 79 ; Sen. Pres. of Class ; lawyer. 
 
 Walter Allen Fellows. 
 
 1st Lieut. 2d Maine Reg., '61. 
 
 Frederick Augustus Genth, Jr. 
 
 B.S., '76 ; M.S., '78. 
 
 Harry Hunter Smith Handy. 
 Frank West Iredell. 
 
 B.S., '76 ; Junior Orator ; Ivy Day Orator ; 
 Commencement Orator. 
 
 * Lawrence Lewis, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '79; Histor. Soc, Penna.; lawyer. 
 
 Frank Hamilton Magee. 
 
 B.S., '76 ; LL.B., '78 ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. John Jay Joyce Moore. 
 
 A.M., '79. 
 
 Alfred Pearce. 
 AVilliam McCleery Potts. 
 
 B.S., '76; Phila. Amer. Inst. Mech. Eng.; 
 Mem. Franklin Inst.; Mem. Histor. Soc, 
 Penna. 
 
 Robert Patterson Robins. 
 
 A.M., '79;M.D., '80; Jun. Essay, pr.; Jun. 
 Gr., pr.; Histor. Soc's Penna. and Va.; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Penna. Med. Soc; 
 Pell. Coll. Phys. Phila. : Instructor Univ. 
 of Penna.; Phys. to Episc Hosp.; Police 
 Surgeon, etc. 
 
 William Lawrence Saunders. 
 
 B.S.,'76 ; Jun. Oration pr.; Sen. Oration, pr.; 
 Mem. Amer. Soc. C. E. 
 
 * Henry Rush Biddle. 
 
 A.B. (Princeton), '76; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 91 
 
William Alexander Dick. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Edmund Graff Hamersly. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Edward Hazlehurst. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Ludwig Kneedler. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Surgeon U. S. A. 
 
 Frederick Vogel Little. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Harry Cavalier Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 William Henry Patterson. 
 
 A.B., '76 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 William Ferris Sellers. 
 
 B.S., '76 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 1877. 
 
 James Bond. 
 
 B.S., '77. 
 
 Walter Cox. 
 
 A.M., '80. 
 
 Henry Laussat Geyelin. 
 
 A.M., '79; LL.B., '79; Pres. AthL 'Assn.; 
 Pres. Law Acad., Phila.; Trustee Drexel 
 Indust. Coll. 
 
 Josiah Settle Graves. 
 John Price Crozer Griffith. 
 
 A.B., '77; M.D. '81; Ph.D. '81; Fell Coll. 
 Phys., Phila.; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc; Path- 
 olog. Soc, Phila. 
 
 *Eev. Charles Irvin Junkin. 
 
 A.B., '77. 
 
 Francis Albert Lewis, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '80; LL. B., '80 ; Junior Oration pr.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Hermann Adalbert Lewis. 
 
 B.S., '77. 
 
 John Neill, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '80 ; Soph. Decl. pr.; Commencement 
 Orator. 
 
 George Stanley Philler. 
 
 A.M., '77 ; LL.B., '80 ; lawyer. 
 
 Thomas Robins, (3d.) 
 
 A.M., '80 ; Sen. Essay pr.; Sen. Oration pr.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Charles Augustus Oscar Resell. 
 
 A.B., '77. 
 
 Horace Wells Sellers. 
 
 B.S., '77 ; Vice-Pres. Class. 
 Arthur Whitcomb Sheafer. 
 
 B.S., '77; Mem. Amer. Inst., Min., Eng.; 
 Amer. Assn. Adv. Sc; Engineer's Club, 
 Phila. 
 
 Hugh Laussat Willoughby. 
 * Joseph Warner Yardley. 
 
 A.B., '77. 
 
 FeHx Ariel Boericke. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Marie Chapron. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Matthew Creswell, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; 1st Reg. N. G. P. 
 
 Edgar Dudley Faries. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 Walter Lowrie Finley. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Walter Horstmann. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. Franklin 
 Inst.; Amer. Folk Lore Soc; Histor. 
 Soc. Penna.; Penna. Acad. Fine Arts. 
 
 John Meiley, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Whitney Munroe. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Clement Buckley Newbold. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Boyd Risk. 
 
 A.M. (Lafayette). '80: M.D.. '79; 
 NAL MEMBER ; physician. 
 
 William Kilgore Sinclair. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 NOMI- 
 
 92 
 
James Rundle Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. Franklin 
 Inst. 
 
 Charles Benjamin Howell. 
 
 B.S., '77 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 Ernest Law. 
 
 A.B., '77 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 Howard Sellers. 
 
 B.S., '77; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 Edmund Richards Tatham. 
 
 PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Rev. William Pratt Breed, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '78. 
 
 George Ethan Brooks. 
 
 A.B., '78. 
 
 William Henry Grant. 
 Edward Garrett McCollin. 
 
 A.M., '81; LL.B., '80; Fresh. Lat. Pr. pr.; 
 lawyer; " Ben Franklin." 
 
 * Edward Shippen Mcllvaine. 
 
 M.D., '81. 
 
 Thomas Barclay Prichett. 
 
 A.M., '80. 
 
 Isaac Scott Smyth, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '81. 
 
 William Murphy Bennerman. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Rev, Rufus Howard Bent. 
 
 A.B., '78; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Washington Atlee Burpee. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Laurin Whiting Burton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Cuthbert Gillespie. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Mem. Penna. Sons of the Rev. 
 
 Clifford Prevost Grayson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Philip Henry. 
 
 A.M., '81; M.D., '82; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER; Matric. Lat. pr.; Fresh. Gr. Pr. 
 pr.; Soph. Decl. pr.; Soph. Essay pr.; 
 Sen. Essay pr.; "Henry Reed'' pr.; 
 Alumni Lat. Essay pr.; Asst. Surg. U. 8. 
 N. (Ensign). 
 
 Joshua Bertram Lippincott. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Kilbreth Lowrey. 
 
 A.B., '78; LL.B., '82; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Chicago Law Club ; Chicago Law 
 Assn.; lawyer. 
 
 Josiah Ogden Hoffman. 
 
 A.B., '78 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 1879. 
 
 John Douglas Brown, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '82 ; LL.B., '81 ; lawyer, 
 
 Henry Taylor Dechert. 
 
 A.M., 82; LL.B., '81; Fresh. Lat. Pr. pr.; 
 Soph. Decl. pr.; Classday Orator ; Major 
 2d Reg. N. G. P. 
 
 Rev. George Stewart Fullerton. 
 
 A.M., '82; B.D. (Yale), '83; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc; Prof. Univ. of Penna.; "Concep- 
 tion of the Infinite;'" "A Plain Argu- 
 ment for God;'' "On Sameness and 
 Identity." 
 
 John Marshall Gest. 
 
 A.M., "82; LL.B., '82; Fresh. Gr. Pr.'fpr.; 
 Fresh. Math, pr.; Sen. Lat. Essayipr.; 
 Sen. Pres. of Class; "Spoon Man;" 
 Histor. Soc. Penna.; Med. Jurispr. Soc; 
 Law Assn. ; Law Acad. 
 
 George Wood Hunt. 
 
 A.M., '82. 
 
 Rev. Henry Scott Jefferys. 
 
 Assoc. Ed. "Apostolic Churchman." 
 
 Emlen Hare Miller. 
 
 A.B., '79. 
 
 Rev. Richard Montgomeiy. 
 
 A.M., '82. 
 
 Henry Sargent Prentiss Nichols. 
 
 A.B., '79 ; Jun. Pres. of Class ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Charles Wordsworth Nevin. 
 
 A.B., '79 ; Commencement Orator. 
 
 93 
 
1 
 
 * Carl Santee Pauly. 
 
 A.M., '82. 
 
 Alexander Aden Powell, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '83. 
 
 Edmund Elliot Eead, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '79; "Henry Reed" pr.; Liverp. 
 Astron. Soc.; Camden Astron. Soe.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 George Wood Bissell Roberts. 
 
 A.M., '82; "Henry Reed" pr.; "Josepli 
 Warner Yardley " pr. 
 
 William Moore Stewart, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '82; LL.B., '81; Jun. Vice-Pres. 
 Class ; Pres. Athl. Assn. 
 
 William Bowen Boulton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Wainwright Britton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Aloysius Giltinan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Arthur Emlen Newbold. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William McElroy. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 i88o. 
 Harry Clifton Adams. 
 
 A.M., '84; "Joseph Warner Yardley" pr. 
 Morris Rex Bockins. 
 
 A.M., '83; LL.B., '83; lawyer. 
 
 Henry Houston Bonnell. 
 
 A.M., '83 ; "Class Prophet." 
 
 William Purves Gest. 
 
 A.M., '83; LL.B., '83; Mem. Histor. Soc. 
 Penna.; Law Acad.; Law Assn.; Soph. 
 Pres. of Class ; Ivy Orator ; Fresh. Math, 
 pr.; Soph. Decl. pr.; Sen. Lat. Essay pr.; 
 lawyer. 
 
 George Junkin, Jr. 
 A.B., '80; Pres. of Class. 
 
 Elihu Spencer Miller, Jr. 
 
 Mem. Histor. Soe. Penna.; Mem. Penna. 
 Soc. Sons of Rev.; lawyer. 
 
 Huston Hammill Milligan. 
 
 A.B., '80. 
 
 John Perot. 
 
 A.M., '82 ; Jun. Class Pres. 
 
 Rev. George Read Savage, Jr. 
 
 Anne Arundel Co. Histor. Soc, Annap., 
 Md. 
 
 Rev. Theodore Emanuel Schmauk. 
 
 A.B., '80 Jun. Philos. pr.; Jun. Oration pr.; 
 Sen. Essay pr.; Philo. Essay pr.; Valedic- 
 torian ; Latin Salutatorian ; " Old 
 Books ; " " Sensation and Sensibility ; " 
 "History of Lancaster, Pa.;" "Motives, 
 their Unconscious and Conscious Sway ; ' ' 
 etc. 
 
 John Reed Smueker. 
 
 A.B., '80. 
 
 Rev. Charles Wadsworth, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '80. 
 
 Hilary Missimer Christian. 
 
 M.D., '82; NOMINAL MEMBER; Mem. 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 * John Travis Cochran; 
 
 A.B., '80; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 WilKam Dwight Church. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. Amer. Assn. 
 Railway Chemists. 
 
 Erskine Neide. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Burr Shreve. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Ellis Ames Ballard. 
 
 A.B., '81 ; Fresh. Math, pr.; Sen. Pres. of 
 Class; lawyer. 
 
 Elihu Spencer Blight, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '81. 
 
 * Louis Cornetti Brastow, Jr. 
 William Allison Cochran. 
 
 A.B., '81 ; Jun. Essay pr. 
 
 John Francis Foulke. 
 
 A.B., '81 ; LL.B., '83 ; lawyer. 
 
 94 
 
William Henry Fox. 
 
 A.B., '81; LL.B., '83; lawyer, 
 
 George Howard Freedley. 
 
 A.M., '84. 
 
 * George Herman Gross. 
 
 A.B., '81; LL.B., '83; lawyer; 
 
 Willis Edward Hall. 
 
 B.S., '81 ; M.E., '88 ; Histor. Soc. Penna. 
 Amer. Soc. of M. E. 
 
 John Jackson Henry. 
 
 C.E. (Renssela-r Poly. Inst.), '81. 
 
 Samuel Jamison. 
 
 B.S., '81. 
 
 Hermann Augustus Keller. 
 
 B.S., '81 ; Amer. Inst. Min., Eng. 
 
 * John Eatton Le Conte. 
 
 A.B., '81 ; lawyer. 
 
 R. K. Marlock. 
 
 David Milne. 
 
 A.M., '84; 
 Penna. 
 
 Ph.B., '85; Mem. Histor. Soc, 
 
 Severo Mallet- Prevost. 
 
 B.S., '81; lawyer. 
 
 Eli Kirk Price, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '81 ; LL.B., '83 ; Histor. Sac. Penna.; 
 Amer. Acad. Pol. and Soc. Sc; Amer. 
 Assn. Advanc. Sc; Ia\vyer. 
 
 * James Hamilton Robins. 
 
 A.M., '84. 
 
 William Thomas Robinson. 
 
 " Spoon Man ; " Pres. of Athl. Assn. 
 
 Felix Emanuel Schelling. 
 
 A.M., '85; LL.B., '83; Amer. Mod. Lang. 
 Assn. ; lawyer ; Prof. Univ. of Penna. 
 
 William Crowell Watt. 
 Caleb Fellowes Fox. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Percival Smith Hill. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Clifford Pemberton, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '81; NOMINAL MEMBER; "Joseph 
 Warner Yardley " pr. 
 
 Eversley Haynes Thomas. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Loss Thompson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 *Charles Meigs Wilson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Herman Bryden AUyn. 
 
 A.B., '82 ; M.D., '85 ; Patholog. Soc, Phila.; 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soc; Phys. to Phila. and 
 St. Joseph's Hosp. and Gynecol. Dispens. 
 
 Charles Wardell Brown. 
 
 B.S., '82. 
 
 William Allison Cochran. 
 
 * Frank Hallett DeSilver. 
 Thomas Dickson Finletter. 
 
 A.B.. '82 ; Asst. City Solicitor ; Dist. Atty., 
 Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Henry Abbott Fuller. 
 
 A.B., '82. 
 
 Rev. Alexander James Derbyshire 
 Haupt. 
 
 A.B., '82. 
 
 William MacPherson Hornor. 
 
 A.B., '82 ; LL.L., '84 ; Mem. Penna. Soc. 
 Sons of the Rev.; lawyer. 
 
 Harry McKean Ingersoll. 
 
 A.B., '82. 
 
 George Edward Krauth. 
 Joseph Campbell Lancaster. 
 
 A.B., '82 ; LL.B., '84 ; lawyer. 
 
 * Edwin Fussell Lott. 
 
 A.B., '82; LL.B., '85; Jun. Oration pr.; 
 Philo. Debate pr. ; Class day Orator ; law- 
 yer. 
 
 James Franklin McFadden. 
 
 B.S., '82. 
 
 George Lewis Plitt. 
 
 A.B., '82; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; Sen. 
 "Alumni" pr. 
 
 95 
 
Gustavus Remak, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '82; LL.B., '84;. lawyer and notary 
 public ; " Law of Negotiable Instruments 
 in Penna." 
 
 Guy Comfort Walraven. 
 Thompson Seiser Westcott. 
 
 A.B., '82 ; Md., '86 ; Mem. Patholog. Soc, 
 Phila.; Phys. to Univ. of Penna. Hosp.; 
 Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; Jim. Gr. pr. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Keil Wismer. 
 
 A.B., '82. 
 
 John P. Wood. 
 
 Samuel Brown WyKe, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '85; Senior Essay pr.; Instructor 
 Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Edward Brown Fox. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; Fresh. Decl. pr. 
 
 Charles Edward Ingersoll. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Stephen Decatur Smith, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Watmough Thayer. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Robert Anderson Wurtz. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Charles Young Audenried. 
 
 A.B., '83; LL.B., '86; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; 
 Sen. Lat. Pr. Essay pr.; Sen. Pres. of 
 Class ; Mem. Law Acad., Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 George Fales Baker. 
 
 B.S., '84; M.D., '87; Acad. Nat. Sc; Med. 
 Jurispr. Soc, Phila.; Patholog. Soc, 
 Phila. ; physician. 
 
 Thomas Ridgway Barker. 
 
 M.D. (Jefif. Med. Coll.), '86; Amer. Med. 
 Soc. ; Internat. Med. Congress ; Phila. Co. 
 Med. Soc; physician. 
 
 Charles Oscar Beasley. 
 
 A.B., '83 ; LL.B., '85 ; Mem. Select Council, 
 Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Logan McKnight Bullitt. 
 
 A.B., '83 ; Pres. Athl. Assn., Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Charles Watts Burr. 
 
 B.S., '83 ; M.D., '86 ; physician. 
 
 Edward Potts Cheyney. 
 
 A.M., '86; Class president; Histor. Soc, 
 Penna.; Instructor, Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Howard Cramp. 
 
 William Howard Falkner. 
 
 A.B., '83 ; Jun. Quaternions pr.; Jun. Ora- 
 tion pr. ; Classday Orator ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Edmund Morris Fergusson. 
 
 A.M., '86 ; Philo. Oration, pr. 
 
 Frank Lynwood Garrison. ■ 
 
 Amer. Inst. Min. E.; Franklin Inst.; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc, Phila.; Geolog. Soc, London; 
 Iron and Steel Inst., London. 
 
 Rev. James Powers Hawkes. 
 
 A.M., '86. 
 
 James Arthur Heaton. 
 
 A.B., '83. 
 
 Rev. Arthur Washington Hess. 
 
 A.B., '83. 
 
 Rev. John Robert Moses. 
 
 A.M., '86; Mem. Oriental Soc of Amer.; 
 Mem. Amer. Philolog. Soc. 
 
 Thomas Lynch Montgomery. 
 
 A.B., '84. 
 
 George Washington Norris. 
 
 Lawyer. 
 
 Howard Wurts Page. 
 
 A.M., '86; LL.B., '86; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; 
 Sen. Essay pr.; V.-Pres. of Class ; lawyer. 
 
 WilHam Byrd Page. 
 
 B.S., '87;M.E., '88. 
 
 Henry Rankin Poore. 
 
 Rev. Francis Edward Smiley. 
 
 A.M., '86 ; Philo. Debate pr. 
 
 Alpheus Waldo Stevenson. 
 Rev. John Fleming Carson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; President of Class. 
 
 Charles Burr Kellogg. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 96 
 
(*liarles Hinkle Marple, 
 
 A.B., '84 ; LL.B., 'SO ; NOMINAL MEMBER; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Jolin William Savage. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER ; lawyer. 
 
 Harrison Smith, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Henry Chapman Thompson. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1884. 
 
 John Stokes Adams. 
 
 A.B., '84; LL.B., 'SG ; Lat. Matric pr.; 
 Fresh. Math. pr. Fresh. Class pres.; Class 
 Orator; Philo. Oration pr. Histor. Soc, 
 Pemia.; lawyer. 
 
 John Pusey Croasdale. 
 
 A.B., '84 ; LL.B., '80 ; Class clay presenter ; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Morris Dallett. 
 
 A.B.T '84; LL.B., '87; Class Historian; 
 lawyer. 
 
 Rev. John Augustus William Haas. 
 
 A.M., '87. 
 
 Clemens Catesby Jones. 
 
 B.S., '84; Ivy Orator; Mem. Amer. lost. 
 Min. Eng. 
 
 Rev. Frank Lambader, Jr. 
 
 LL.B., 'SG. 
 
 John Carnahan Milligan. 
 Allen Carrington Prescott. 
 
 B.D. (Nashotah Theol. Sem.), '8.5. 
 
 Rev. Waters Dewees Roberts. 
 
 A.B., '84 ; A.B. (Harvard), '85 ; B.D. (Epis. 
 Theol. Sch. Cambridge, Mass.), '88; Jun. 
 Essay pr.; Philo. Essay pr. 
 
 * Charles Hopkins Small. 
 
 B.S., '84; M.E., '85. 
 
 Lewis Lawrence Smith. 
 
 A.B., '84., LL.B., '86 ; Mem. Histor. Soc, 
 Penna.; Sen. Pres. of Class ; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. James Dallas Steele. 
 
 A.M., '84; LL.B., '80; Ph.D., '91. 
 
 Clarence Wills Taylor. 
 
 Milton Cooper Work. 
 
 A.B., '84 ; lawyer. 
 
 Caldwell Kippele Biddle. 
 
 A.B., '84; LL.B., '80; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Mem. Franklin Inst.; lawyer. 
 
 Thomas Cooke. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Elliott Crissy Smith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Moritz Zook, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Henry Bower. 
 
 B.S., '80 ; PASSIVE MEMBER ; Sen. Pres 
 of Class. ; Mem. Franklin Inst. 
 
 Wilford Lawrence Hoopes. 
 
 B.S., '84 ; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Harrison W. Biddle. 
 
 A.B., '85 ; lawyer. 
 
 James Fry Bullitt. 
 
 A.B., '85; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. Henry Bell Bryan. 
 Miers Eusch, Jr. 
 
 Ph.B., '85; Histor. Soc. Pcniia.; Amer. 
 Acad. Polit. Sch. Sc. 
 
 Charles Howard Campbell. 
 * Howard Lowe Cresswell. 
 
 A.B., '85. 
 
 Allen Brooks Cuthbert. 
 
 B.S., '85; C.E., '80. 
 
 Valentine Sherman Doebler. 
 
 B.S., '85; C.E., '80 ; Ivy Orator. 
 
 Snow Naudain Duer. 
 
 A.B., '85 ; M.D., '90 ; physician. 
 
 Roland Post Falkner. 
 
 Ph.B., '85; Ph.D. (Univ. of Halle, Berlin), 
 '88; Jun. Oration pr.; Mem. Amer. Econ. 
 Assn.; Amer. Statist. Soc; Instructor 
 Univ. of Penna. 
 
 (7) 
 
 97 
 
Leonard Finletter. 
 
 A.B., '85; LL.B., '87; Asst. City Solicitor, 
 Phila. 
 
 George Kingsbury Fischer. 
 
 B.S., '85; M.E., '86. 
 
 Edward P. Greene. 
 James Collins Jones. 
 
 Ph.B., '85; LL.B., '87; Hony. Fell. Amer. 
 History ; Mem. Histor. Soc, Penna.; 
 Class Orator ; lawyer. 
 
 Charles Lester Leonard. 
 
 A.B., '85; A.B. (Harvard), '86; M.D., '89. 
 
 Harry Spencer Lucas. 
 William Carmatt Scull. 
 * George Ard Shoemaker. 
 Charles Irwin Travelli. 
 William Wilson Carlile. 
 
 Ph.B., '85; LL.B., '87; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; lawyer. 
 
 John Stephens Durham. 
 
 B.S., '86; NOMINAL MEMBER; U. S. 
 Consul to San Domingo; U. S. Minister 
 to Hayti. 
 
 John Simpson Fernie. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Wilbur Paddock Klapp. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Francis Benjamin Muhlenberg. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Rosengarten Bower. 
 
 A.B., '85; PASSIVE MEMBER. 
 
 i886. 
 
 Walter Girvin Allison. 
 David Sands Brown Chew. 
 
 A.B., '86. 
 
 William West Frazier (3d). 
 
 A.B., '86. 
 
 Rev. Crawford Dawes Hening. 
 
 A.B., '86; lawyer. 
 
 Rev. John Chester Hyde, Jr. 
 
 A.M., '89 ; Missionary to Africa. 
 
 George Quintard Horwitz. 
 
 A.B., '86 ; LL.B., '88. 
 
 Rev. Edward Miller Jefferys. 
 
 A.B., '86 ; Class Pres.; Class Orator. 
 
 Samuel Stryker Kneass. 
 
 A.B., '86 ; M.D., '89. 
 
 Christopher Magee, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '87 ; LL.B., 89 ; lawyer. 
 
 William Campbell Posey. 
 
 A.B., '86; M.D., '89 ; Pres. AtliL Assn. Univ. 
 of Penna. 
 
 Henry Burnett Robb. 
 
 B.S., '86; Soph. Pres. of Class ; lawyer. 
 
 Jacob Martin Rommel, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '86. 
 
 Edwin Jaquett Sellers. 
 
 A.B., '86; Sen. Vice-Pres. of Class; Life 
 Mem. Histor. Soc, Penna.; Law Acad., 
 Phila.; Zoological Soc, Phila.; lawyer. 
 
 Earl Thomson. 
 
 B.S., '86;C.E., '87. 
 
 Charles Baeder Williams. 
 
 A.B., '86 ; M.D., '89 ; physician. 
 
 Thomas Passmore Berens. 
 
 M.D., '87 ; NOMINAL MEMBER ; FeU. N. 
 Y. Acad. Med.; Med. Soc. Co. of N. Y. ; 
 Instructor N. Y. Post Grad. Sch. and 
 Hosp. 
 
 William Graham. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Wyndham Harvey Stokes. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1887. 
 
 Henry Clay Adams.' 
 
 B.S., '87 ; M.E., '88 ; Class Pres.; Cremation 
 Orator ; Ivy Orator. 
 
 Charles Louis Eugene Amet. 
 
 B.S., '87;C.E., '88. 
 
 98 
 
David Werner Amrara. 
 
 A.B., '87 ; LL.B. '89 ; lawyer. 
 
 John Ashhurst (3d), 
 
 * George Brinton. 
 
 Fred Wm. Wilson Graham. 
 
 A.B., '87. 
 
 James Francis Magee, Jr. 
 
 B.S., '87. 
 
 W. Mallet-Prevost. 
 Robert Bowen Salter. 
 
 A.B., '87. 
 
 Andr6 William S6guin. 
 
 A.B., '87 ; Philo. Debate pr. 
 
 Henry Naglee Smaltz. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Crawford Coates. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Guy Bryan Harland. 
 
 M.D., '90: NOMINAL MEMBER ; Mem. 
 Phila. Co. Med. Soe.; Res. Phys. at Ger- 
 mantown and Children's Hosps., Phila. 
 
 Edward Alden Miller. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Wharton Pepper. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Frank S. Pryor, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Richard Wilson. 
 
 M.D., '90 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 W. S. Wright. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Norton Buel Young. 
 
 LL.B., '91; NOMINAL MEMBER; Philo. 
 Oration pr.; lawyer and journalist. 
 
 i888. 
 Eugene Delano Cleaver. 
 
 B.S., '88 ; C.E., '89 ; Mem. Franklin Inst. 
 
 James Haworth, 
 
 Frederick Mervin Ives. 
 Thomas Atkinson Jenkins. 
 Walter Budd Keen. 
 James Barton Longacre. 
 Dickinson Sargeant Miller. 
 
 Fell, in Phil. (Harvard), '91 ; Philo. De- 
 bate pr. 
 
 Horace C-lark Richards. 
 
 A.B., '.SS ; Ph.B.,'91 ; Matric. Gr. pr.; Fre.sh. 
 Gr. Pr. pr.; Jun. Gr. pr.; Jun. Math. pr. ; 
 Instructor Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Lawrence Savery Smith. 
 Lightner AVitmer. 
 
 A.B., '<S8; Jun. Es.say pr.; Soph. Decl. pr.; 
 Fresh. Lat. andGr. Pr. pres.; Jun. Oration 
 pr.; Pres. of Class ; Philo. Oration and 
 Essay pres. ; Instructor Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Charles Sturgis Wood. 
 Lucien Hugh Alexander. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Frazer Ashhurst. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 James Cornell Biddle, Jr 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Clacy Bowrer. 
 
 Ph.B., '88; NOMINAL MEMBER ; Amer 
 Acad. Polit. and Soc. Sc. 
 
 John Willits Campion. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Harrison Koons Caner. 
 
 A.B., (Harvard), '89; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 Edwin Robert Keller. 
 
 B.S., '88; M.E., '89; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER ; Engineers' Club,Phila.; Instructor 
 Univ. of Penna. 
 
 William Kendall Leonard. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William W. Longstreth. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 99 
 
John Duncan Ernest Spaeth. 
 
 A.B., '88 ; NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William C. Wiedersheim. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1889. 
 
 Charles Newton Clement Brown. 
 
 A.B., -89. 
 
 Francis Macomb Cresson. 
 
 B.S., '89 ; Mem. Franklin Inst. 
 
 John Conway Cowan Dillingham. 
 
 A.B., '89. 
 
 John Harper Girvin. 
 Tamio Hayashi. 
 
 Ph.B., '89. 
 
 Eev. Charles Peter Beauchamp Jef- 
 ferys, Jr. 
 
 Ph.B., '89; Pres. of Fresh. Class; Class 
 Historian. 
 
 Rudolph Howard Klauder. 
 
 B.S., '90; "Presenter," Classday, '89. 
 
 Edward Christman Knight. 
 
 B.S., '89. 
 
 Samuel McCune Lindsay. 
 
 Ph.B., '89. 
 
 James Clayton Mitchell. 
 
 Philo. Oration pr. 
 
 Edward Warloch Mumford. 
 
 Ph.B., '89 ; Sen. Pres. of Class. 
 
 Charles Peabody. 
 
 A.B., '89; A.M. (Harvard), '90 ; Fresh. Gr. 
 Pr. pr.; Mem. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 
 Rev. Elliston Joseph Perot. 
 
 A.B., '89. 
 
 Walter PhilHps. 
 
 B.S., '89. 
 
 Alfred Newlin Seal. 
 
 B.S., '89. 
 
 Daniel Bussier Shumway. 
 
 B.S., '89 ; Soph. Moiety pr.; Mantle Orator; 
 Instructor Univ. of Penna. 
 
 John Lammey Stewart. 
 
 Ph.B., '89. 
 
 Robert Stulb. 
 
 B.S., '89. 
 
 Clinton Rogers Woodruff. 
 
 Ph.B., '89. 
 
 Charles Sterling Bonsall. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William McClellan Menah. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Cusack Sullivan. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Moodie Yeomans. 
 
 A.B. (Lafayette), '89; NOMINAL MEM- 
 BER. 
 
 Washington Van Dusen. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1890. 
 
 William Herbert Burk. 
 
 A.B., '90. 
 
 Chester Nye Farr, Jr. 
 
 B.S., '91. 
 
 Robert Isaac Gamon. 
 
 A.B., '90. 
 
 Manzo Kushida. 
 
 Ph.B., '90. 
 
 William Henry Loyd, Jr. 
 
 A.B., '90. 
 
 William Rufus Nicholson. 
 
 Ph.B., '90. 
 
 Hugh Walker Ogden. 
 
 A.B., '90 ; Soph. Decl. pr.; Jun. Oration, 
 pr.; Moiety Jun. Gr. pr. ; "Bachelor's 
 Oration ;" Instructor Univ. of Penna. 
 
 Josiah Harmar Penniman. 
 
 A.B., '90 ; Jun. " Quarterniou's " pr.; Jun. 
 " Demosth. de Corona" pr.; Fresh. Gr. 
 Pr., pr.; " Valedictory;" Instructor Univ. 
 of Penna. 
 
Holden Bovee Schermerhorn. 
 
 Ph.B., '90 ; Mem. Araer. Acad. Polit. aud 
 Hoc. Sc. 
 
 John Gilbert Stoddart. 
 
 Ph.B., ''JO. 
 
 Robert Reineck Truitt. 
 
 A.B., '90. 
 
 * William AVilson Barr, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER; Fresh. Gr. Pr. pr.; 
 Pres. of Class. 
 
 Benjamin Lease Crozier Griffith. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Guy Bryan Harland. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 189I. 
 
 Henry Ingereoll Brown. 
 
 Daniel Bell Cummins Catherwood. 
 
 Samuel Rakestraw Colladay. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Erskine Hazard Dickson. 
 
 A.B.: Fresh. Gr. pr.; Jun. Quarternion pr.; 
 Jun. Gr. pr. 
 
 James Mcintosh Longstreth Eck- 
 ard. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 John Lafayette Houston. 
 
 B.S.;C.E. 
 
 Hisaya lAvasaki. 
 
 Ph.B. 
 
 Stacy Woodman Kapp. 
 
 B.S. 
 
 William Gray Knowles. 
 
 Ph.B. 
 
 Charles Ridgeley Lee. 
 
 Ph.B. 
 
 George Francis Levan. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Alfred Meyer Liveright. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 James DeWolf Perry, Jr. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Wilmer Hershey Righter. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 George Hughes Smith. 
 
 Ph.B. 
 
 Cornelius Weygandt. 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Thomas Powers Harris. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 George Ingels MacLeod, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Warren K. Moorehead. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Alexander Wilson Norris, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 John Robert While, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Leon Schwartz Bowers. 
 Edward Taggart Child. 
 Charles James Dougherty. 
 William Duane. 
 Percival Vaisey French. 
 Vivian Frank Gable. 
 Frank Bacon Hancock. 
 Albert Lawrence Harris. 
 Clifton Maloney. 
 William Stuart Morris. 
 Jay Bird Moyer. 
 Ulysses Simpson Schaul. 
 Frank Earle Schermerhorn. 
 
Edgar Arthur Singer, Jr. 
 Clarence Russell Williams. 
 Joseph Roberts Carpenter, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBEK. 
 
 Edwin StaufFer Gault. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBEK. 
 
 Carl Frederick Hausmann, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Archibald McCulIagh, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. , 
 
 Matthew Patton. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 Charles Trumbull Lee. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
 William Reese Scott, Jr. 
 
 NOMINAL MEMBER. 
 
CONGRESS 
 
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