/ ^yj/ 019 635 670 8 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF NATURALIZATION RICHARD K. CAMPBELL. Commissioner SECOND YEAR OF THE WORK of the PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH THE BUREAU OF NATURALIZATION By RAYMOND F. CRIST DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF NATURALIZATION 7^rC' Extract from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 WASHINGiON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE 1918 // D« Of B. S'^ SECOND YEAR OF THE WOKK OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH THE BUREAU OF NATURALIZATION AMEBICANIZATION ACTIVITY. The Americanization activity of the Federal Government was shown for the first time in the last annual report of this bureau, where the accomplishments of something over two years' work were presented. The results of that period were presented also in the shape of a bul- letin entitled 'The Work of the Public Schools with the Bureau of Naturalization.'' While the successes of the first year were most en- couraging, they related to the preliminary work of presentation of the original plan of April 20, 1914, to the public schools and, through them, to the public generally. The unanimous indorsement and appeal for launching the cooperative work with the public schools which this bureau received during the fiscal years 1914 and 1915, accompanied by the work necessary to clear the decks for this, the peculiarly national governmental function of this bureau, made it possible in the fiscal year 1916 to initiate this citizenship-building undertaking. The third year of Americanization work, which was~the first year of actual unity of eftort between the public schools and the Federal Government through the Bureau of Naturalization, was productive ol practical results of a wide and far-reaching character. The linking together of the public schools with the Federal Government was defi- nitely accomplished. The forward movement for the betterment of American citizenship in all its aspects took upon itself an impetus which would admit of no denial. While that fiscal 3'ear showed a joining together of 613 cities, towns, and villages with this bureau m this great Americanization enterprise, the year under review in this report accomplished even greater results. This year witnessed the the astounding advance into 1,141 new localities. In all of these, combined with the 613 centers reported in the preceding year, the work has gone forward — work of rejuvenating, rebuilding, and placing within reach of the adult immigrant candidate for citizenship those opportunities which exist on every hand but from which he is shut off by the barrier of a foreign tongue and foreign traditions. The (3) 4 greatest attention has been given to the declarant and emphasis placed upon the importance of his attendance upon one of the public night schools that are opening their doors by the thousands all over the land in direct response to the appeals of this bureau. The thought that was expressed by the Secretary in his annual report for the last fiscal year, that — In so far as applicants for citizenship avail themselves of these opportunities, they may acquire a keener appreciation of further ones: Better work, better wages, better standards, better family life, better community Life, and a better understanding not merely of our Constitution and our laws but of our history, institutions, and ideals — is being vitalized in all of these communities. To accomplish all of this the public schools and the expectant, desiring, and willing seeker after opportunity must be brought to- gether in a closer relationship. The things that are practical are the things that are needed by the student candidates in their search for the means of a better livelihood and hence a better American spirit; and they are the things needed by the schools themselves to realize their desire to impart knowledge to these millions amongst us from lands with institutions strange to us. The teachers are willing and the school officers are striving in every way to bring to this new field of activity a practical application of all the experience which the science of pedagogy contains. A great stride has been made toward the realization of the ex- pectations which this great work of cooperation between the bureau and the public schools justified. The expansion during the past year into a new field nearly twice as great as that which presented itself in the third year is proof positive of ultimate success. This expansion of the work to this new field has been pronounced as most timely in view of the national crisis that has confronted the Nation since the former report. The readiness of cooperation by the public schools undoubtedly is traceable directly to the realization locally of the need for more compactness, more thoroughness of organiza- tion, and a greater unity and efficiency of action between these State and Federal agencies. This closer cooperation will mean the elimination of the hostile alien from among those who are being added to the body politic. The spirit of alienage can not survive in the presence of the intense Americanizing force that is being built up in the public schoolhouses in these communities throughout the land. In large cities and small those in supervision of the school work have urged the continuance and strengthening of the ties of relationship which have been created through this union of forces. Tlie cards containing the names of the candidates for citizenship, ::ent out monthly during the previous year by the bureau to the public-school authorities, were continued during the present year; m such large number did they go that, as pointed out in the last annual report, the school authorities in certain cities were wholly unable to reap the benefits of this new source of accessions to their school ranks. The high favor with which these cards were received and acted upon generally throughout the United States proves their value. They have become the means by which the schools have recruited their night classes in many hundreds of communities. In large cities where the funds have been available and adequate to deal with this particular phase of constructive school work the school officers have reported to the bureau the great and invaluable aid the cards have been in securing the attendance of those who could not ordinarily be reached. In the cities of New York, Chicago, and Bos- ton the school machinery was wholly inadequate to the task of secur- ing the attendance of the thousands of alien declarants whose names were furnished by the bureau. At the request of the school authorities in these cities the bureau discontinued furnishing them with the cards. The inadequacy of the school forces to meet the opportunity pre- sented to them by the bureau to enlarge their night and day class personnel is in itself a clear manifestation of the need for remedial action within the ranks of these schools to overcome this great defi- ciency on their part. This is specially seen when it is known that they were able to secure the attendance of only a negligible portion of the thousands shown by the bureau to the schools as needing this help. So long as there are hundreds of thousands of aliens in a single community unable to speak the English language, ju^t so long is that community harboring and nursing a fester spDt in its body politic. Just so long as a community has hundreds of thousands in its midst who are unable to speak the English language, every effort should be made to w^rk with all forces that will lend aid, so that their attend- ance upon the public-school night classes or day classes, or both, may be secured. Just so Jong as there is any defect in the school machinery or the municipal machinery whereby this vast horde of instinctive aliens are prevented from securing the benefits of American institu- tions of government, there is a most pronounced weakness in that part of the municipal organization. It matters not whether the weakness be in the mdividuals in charge or in the machinery of gov- ernment, its existence is none the less evident and none the less defi- cient in meeting the requirements of the situation. Until there is harmony of action between the Federal and State agencies having charge of these two phases of the development of the citizenship candidates coming from the resident alien body the admissions on the part of the school authorities of their failure and inability to interest the alien adult immigrant in the school curriculum will be made. In any community where the problem is too large for the local authorities to measure up to the opportunity presented by the Bureau of Naturalization in bringing to their attention vast numbers of foreigners, candidates for citizenship honors, the bureau is only too glad to exert itself to enable the school authorities to realize their full desires. The bureau fully believes that it is the earnest hope, desire, and intention of the local school authorities everywhere to secm*e the maximum attendance of these citizenship candidates, and that they are not to be content until that maximum represents 100 per cent of all who need the aid which the public- school forces offer. This is the assertion made by the public-school authorities at the same time they admitted their inabilitv to use the cards containing the names of the thousands of uneducated and illiterate candidates for citizenship. The bureau, nevertheless, continued sending letters of invitation to the candidates inviting them to attend the public schools nearest their places of residence m these large cities. In aU other localities the bureau continued its practice of sending to the school authorities the cards containing the alien declarants' names, the petitioners' names, and the names of their wives. The letters oi invitation addressed to ahens urging them to attend the schools and expressing the interest of the bureau in them because of their prospective Ameri- can citizensliip were sent to every community as heretofore, regard- less of the failure of some to use the cards. This situation can not be more appropriately referred to than by the words of the Hon. Samuel Gompers in his address at the session on July 11 of the first citizenship convention: We are making a mistake unless we also use our efforts to have our foreign-speaking peoples enter into the very life work of our municipalities and of our States and of our country. Foreign settlements usually mean the combination of a few people from a certain country forming a colony in a certain district of that other country and have really no purpose other than sociability and a better understanding and a ready yielding to the constituted authority of the country. In the United States they mean entirely something else. Here we have a great mass of peoples coming from the shores of every country on the face of the globe, who form colonies in every city and town of these United States, colonies of the peoples of their respective countries — hotbeds of dis- integration and disloyalty. I hold it to be the duty of every agency of government and civic bodies and the individual citizens to help in the movement that shall merge the people coming here from every clime into one great whole, the people, the citizen ship of the United States of America. Until there is a realization of the responsibility locally and every effort made by these local agencies to cooperate with the Federal Government there is a failure to utilize all the forces available for the Americanization of the alien who is seeking the rights and privileges and immunities as well as responsibilities of American citizenship. In the continuance of tliis work the bureau extended invitations to and received assurances from the school authorities in 1,759 cities and towns cooperating. This did not mean, in the majority of in- stances, efforts on their part to increase the attendance upon the night classes already formed for teaching English and other subjects to the adult foreigner. It meant the creation for the first time of an opportunity for the alien candidate for citizenship, and all other resident aliens, to attend night classes organized by the pubhc- school authorities especially for their instruction. It meant opening a new field of activity on the part of the public schools in over a thousand new cities, towns, and villages. It meant the extension for the first time of the public-school facilities to embrace the adult within the enrollment. It meant a breaking away entirely from the old idea that the public schools are for use only from 9 to 3 for five days a week and for from four to eight months in the year. It means the opportunity for the development of the community spirit in all of its manifestations. It means to embrace within the American zone and atmosphere the millions of foreigners throughout the length and breadth of the land who now are debarred as distinctly from that sphere as though they lived in commmiities located in the mountain fastnesses or rural areas of European countries. Whether one enters a small community or a large one having an alien population, the distinctly "foreign set- tlement" is well known. No spirit of community fellowship or com- munity fraternahsm is to be found; the resident aliens are isolated from all influences American. They are as distinctly mider the sway of foreign influences of government as though they were a distinct group sent out from the fatherland for colomzation purposes, to im- plant and perpetuate upon this new soil the autocratic institutions of government under which they were born. These institutions are transplanted in their most iniquitous form, because they are devoid of the higher and better elements of the foreign system. This coloni- zation results in the domination of the group by superstitions, preju- dices, and fears, all of which are groundless but nevertheless deep- rooted. All thoughtful citizens of the community realize this, but few have virile Americanism sufficient to cause them to see the men- ace of this condition or seeing it to adopt the means immediately at hand for overcoming, peacefiifly and quietly, this abnormal condition. A catastrophe of some kind is needed, generally, to awake the public consciousness to the state of activity. Even then the catastrophe must be purely local and not general in its character. Fortunately, world events have been turning people more and more to thoughtful action. The great alien problem has more and more been brought home by the incidents of the European war, even before this Nation became involved in it. Under this influence the appeals of the Bureau of Naturahzation have received widespread and favorable attention, as shown by the enormous expansion of its influence into over 1,754 communities thi'ou^h efforts continuing for the short space of three and one-half years. In April, 1914, when the plan for coop- eration was matured, there was no direct concerted cooperation be- tween the public schools of the United States and the Bureau of Naturalization. Prior to that time there had been successful efforts at individual cooperation. With the close of the fiscal year on June 30, 1917, the public schools in 1,754 communities had cast their lot with the bureau in a national citizenship-building undertaking. The names of the places entering into cooperation with the bureau appear in the ensuing table. Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papera filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] 1 Foreign-born Population, 1910. white males of voting age, 1910. State and city or town. . j Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. 'tr- Total. ^-^ white. '^^«^- Decla- Peti- rations. tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. i Alabama. I Birmingluiiu 1 i 132, f'iH5 :>,700 2,9-!! 1,179 3-11 190 94 3, 474 2, 023 5.58 52.3 125 00 13 4 Be'-semer ! 10,864 Arizona. Bisbee 9,019 Blue Bell Mine 1 15 i::o 70 36 35 19 42 50 3.3 Douglas 2 ; 0,-137 Morenoi 2,250 919 186 13 2i 6 17 4 ' Includes activities at East I-ake, Ensley, Fairfield, Oatc City, Pratt City, and Warrior. 2 Includes actiyities at Pirtleyille. Table 24.~Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figiires not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1 , 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born wMte. i Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wiveSi Calif omia. 23, 383 40, 434 2,613 5,555 7,653 636 2,842 3,627 374 1,720 2,096 224 23 67 38 43 3& 51 16 8 3,540 11,845 24, 892 2,437 2,308 17,809 319, 198 5,021 604 3,000 5,445 348 2,228 2,487 79 1,076 1, 006 39 161 351 25 49 133 Eureka 2 8 22 9 36 8 34 Gilroy 25 9 2 9 383 2 2 343 L 1,942 60, 584 983 901 29, 576 5S5 470 14,097 174 T Los Angeles ^ 2,814 1,103 324 1,161 150, 174 3,471 4,274 2,555 30,291 Oakland 36,822 1,108 581 618 4,297 19, 334 559 283 334 1,772 10,237 279 155 108 1,101 1,124 130 241 243 259 Ontario ^ 94 38 58 15 6 '"'26' 1 2 1 1 17 1 Oxnard l.S 1 10,207 10, 449 2,935 2,442 15,212 44, 096 39, 578 416,912 28, 946 4,348 4,384 882 1,346 463 438 649 262 219 372 116 2 2 Redondo Beach s 2 3 53 29 1,942 22 3 5 84 206 1,104 25 1 2,166 8,885 7,366 130, 874 5,817 1,135 1,031 1,065 5,331 3,845 75, 768 2,963 597 538 454 2,424 2,057 36,375 1,637 287 338 4 Sacramento 416 316 5,280 367 178 164 2,383 126 49 San Diego ^ 106- San Francisco ^o San Jose ^^ 894 1& San Mateo 238 103 7 15 i» San Rafael 5,934 8,429 11, 659 7,847 7,817 4,649 1,989 23, 253 1,747 884 1,793 1,248 1,318 558 932 408 877 576 667 264 466 246 417 263 376 149 95 53 157 39 41 57 1 1 20 4 14 9 2 12 6' 4 1 la' 3 Santa Rosa 198 89 T South Pasadena. _ I Stockton 4,478 2,679 1,074 244 79 .36 4 25 7 1 23 8- 28 12 1 Colorado. i 142 1,782 29,078 6,206 2,388 213, 381 8,210 266 Central City '" 1 1 6 i 81 i 27 ! 10 : 841 40 ii 37 24 9 353 35 Colorado Springs 2,9S1 S49 1,434 473 748 367 Delta 38,941 893 19, 204 373 10, 959 156 65 108 122 7 121 Fort Collins 4 Frederick 1 Includes activities at Albany. 2 Includes activities at Elk River, Fairhaven, Freshwater, Ryans Slough, and Samoa. 3 Includes activities at Alimitos Bay, Seal Beach, and WUmington. * Includes activities at Hollywood and Hunting- ton Park. 6 Includes activities at Alta Loma, Chino, Cuca- monga, Etiwanda, Guasti, and Upland. 8 Includes activities at La Manda. 7 Includes activities at Claremont, Lordsburg, San Dimas, and Walnut. 8 Includes activities at Hermosa Beach, Manhat- tan Beach, and Perry. 9 Includes activities at Chula Vista, Coronado, East San Diego, and National City. 10 Includes activities at Daly City. 11 Includes activities at Berryessa, Edenvale, Hester, Milpitas, and Sunol. 12 Includes activities at Sawtelle, The Palms, and Soldiers Home. 13 Includes activities at Black Hawk, Nevada, Russell Gulch, and Tolland. Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or touns — Continued. [Flares not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1918, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- Decla- ] Peti- ized. rations.! tions. De- clar- ants Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. C olorado — Continued . Gorham' 23 1 9 1 1 Grand Junction 7,754 8,179 693 7,508 1,706 222 44, 395 3,230 4,425 527 3,044 349 1,756 10,204 15, 152 1,337 102,054 6,134 5,712 13,502 1,419 23,502 3,792 724 691 405 357 i96 172 33 124 10 Greelev ^ 5 g Hastings .... .L - :" Leadville 2,232 1,253 880 105 35 46 20 12 24 13 Louisville ' Oak Creek Pueblo 8,33i 145 499 4,777 68 256 1,773 44 159 224 16 45 11 90 23 11 11 34 25 31 Rocky Ford Salida Somerset Sterling < 418 185 45 33 1 26 J 23 1 212 3 2 Superior... Telluride ' 42 ; 16 149 i 39 1 ■■■■l4' 137 1 Trinidad 1,293 5,711 654 2,920 368 1,131 Connecticut. Ansonia 12 -Vvon 1 Bridgeport >> 36, 180 1,053 1,199 3,982 17, 114 768 545 1,985 6,563 261 287 695 2,456 602 177 Fairfield Stratford Bristol' i5 5 21 9 4 9 16 f ■he.'iter 2 Danbury 5,526 502 2,087 248 1,243 ICl 15 Bethel Elmwood 2 2 West Hartford 4,808 9,719 16,403 98,915 8,138 3,148 6,545 13,041 32,066 20,749 12,722 43,916 3,728 2,882 133,605 19, 059 6,495 2,804 3,097 24, 211 28, 219 i,3i9 3,787 5,080 31,243 1,487 055 1,758 5,006 9,390 6,398 4,283 18,015 1,166 528 42,784 4,561 908 731 571 5,686 8,405 SCO 1,609 2,301 13,975 086 431 788 2, 126 4,346 2,804 2,075 8,843 67(; 2(i4 19, 194 1,993 416 306 390 2,473 3,558 254 479 784 6,294 348 145 340 1,073 2,308 1,025 889 3,054 187 119 8,628 701 151 94 88 978 1,456 Enfield CJreenwich 15 212 16 115 16 Hartford East Hartford 3, 134 682 157 Wethersfield Huntington .... ^lanchester 1 16 4 114 22 12 11 3 42 19 Meriden 13 Middletowns Naugatucks 228 58 5 3 T^ew Britain i" 56 Berlin Flainville ^ew Haven New London " 4,808 829 192 23 94 18 116 23 Groton Montville Waterford Norwalk 15 13 7 17 Poquonock 0O5 154 16 Rainbow 1.... Putnam Rockvilleis Southington i< 7,280 7,977 6, 516 1,780 2,764 1,724 801 1,238 855 284 ti86 239 305 248 85 42 20 2 1 23 6 5 1 1 ' 2 1 20 2 South Jfanchester 12 > Includes activities at Marshall and Monarch. 2 Includes activities at Evans, Kersey, La Salle, and Lucerne. ** 3 Includes activities at Monarch No. 2 and Sunny- side Mine. * Includes activities at .\twood. Crook, Gray- lln, Ileff, Merino^ I'adroni, and Willard. '•• Includes activities at Liberty Bell Mine, Sraug- fler. Smuggler Mill, Smuggler Mine, and Tomboy line. 6 Includesactivitiesat Long Hill, Nichols, Strats- fleld, and Trumbull. 41604—18 2 ' Includes activities at East Bristol, Forestville, and Terr\'%ille. 8 Includes activities at South Farms. » Includes activities at Beacon Falls. '0 Includes activities at Newington. " Includes activities at Mystic. '2 Includes activities at Norwichtown, Taftville and Yantic. >s Includes activities at Tolland. i< Includes activities at Cheshire. 10 Table 24.— Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Connecticut — Continued. South Norwalk i Westport Wilton Stamford Darien Suffleld Thompson Thompson ville Torrington 2 Vernon 3 Stafford Springs Wallingford Waterbury ■< Watertown Westport Windsor s District of Columbia. Washington 6 Alexandria, Va Florida. Jacksonville Georgia. Atlanta , Idaho. Boise , Illinois. Alton Arlington Heights , Aurora ' Belleville Benton 8 Berwyn s Bloomington Blue Island 10 Harvej'^ Morgan Park Buckner Chicago '1 Evanston Chicago Heights Christopher 12 Cicero Decatur DeKalb" Rochelle Sycamore East St. Louis Galesbui'g ^* Glencoe Granite City Harrisburg i* Herrin Highland Parkie Johnston City Population, 1910. Total. 8,96S 4, 259 1,706 28,836 3,946 3,841 4,801 16,840 1,110 3,059 11, 155 73, 141 3,850 4,259 4,178 331,069 15,329 57, 699 154, 839 17,358 17, 528 1,943 29,807 21, 122 2, 675 5,841 25,768 8,043 7,227 3,694 Foreign- born white. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Total. 1,057 482 8,872 ■947 874 1,871 3,979 506 467 789 6,064 291 1,111 3,302 25,498 974 1,057 786 24, 351 320 3,003 124 491 1,570 12,403 328 482 379 11,738 179 2,488 j 1,308 4,410 : 2,287 2,283 i 1,555 Natural- ized. ,486 213 107 140 ,198 68 101 563 ,662 109 180 125 ,474 86 587 Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Decla- rations. 439 Peti- tions. 726 1,504 764 6,702 2,500 229 1,570 3,407 1,903 1,784 662 ,185,283 i 24,978 j 14,525 j 1,825 14,557 31,140 I 8,102 ! 2,732 3,926 58,547 22,089 1,899 9,903 6,309 6,861 4,209 3,248 1 3, 566 1,227 122 751 1,612 1,015 974 310 ,795 770 17 .536 ,1.52 625 385 230 781,217 379,850 5, 700 2, 501 6,077 i 3,539 6,072 2,422 2,584 420 686 9,400 3,590 3,196 1,127 1,478 195 349 5,729 1,844 2,784 295 1,080 864 696 1,863 180 565 341 379 1,354 694 637 126 234 1,613 1,192 344 49 205 120 131 201 144 112 835 67 72 32 115 136 105 "'29' 38,269 i 8,895 84 107 1,513 54 128 22 62 131 Names furnished. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. 12 161 7 1 11 I 15 I I 1 ! 28 37 j 120 1 6 1 Candi- dates' wives.. 28- "i 25' 4 21 104 I 8$ 14 29« & {■; 58 3,162 1 3,153 3,032 2 3* IT 1* 6 I 2 7 1 Includes activities at East Norwalk and Ro- wayton. 2 Includes activities at Burrville, Torringford, and West Torrington. 3 Includes activities at Ellington, Talcottville, and Vernon Center, but not those for Rockville. < Includes activities at Middlebury, Prospect, and Wolcott. i Includes activities at Wilson. 6 Includes activities at Hyattsville, Mount Raini:>r, and Rockville, Md., and Rosslyn, Va. ' Includes activities at Montgomery and North Aurora. 8 Includes activities at West City. » Includes activities at Clyde, Morton Park, and North Berwyn. 1° Includes activities at Burr Oak. " Includes activities at Austin, Hawthorn, Jeffer- son, and Kensington. '2 Includes activities at Hodgetown and Urbain. 13 Includes activities at Cortland, Creston, Elburn, Malta, Maple Park, and Rollo. '< Includes activities at East Galesburg. 16 Includes activities at Carriers Mills and liCdfordL i« Includes activities at Highwood. 11 '^^/.!:^7 ^'^■—^o^^isn-bom white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in feinued! '^^' '"''' """^ ^^'f^r-nished, by States and Jie7o7iCns- Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Illinois— Continued. Joliet 1 Lake Forest '. La Salle 2 Madison Marion .' Ma jnvood Melrose Park Moline ^ East Moline ... North Chicago. . Oak Park Oglesby Ottawa Pana ] ' Peona Peru '.'. Rockford Rock Island Royalton * St. Charles V. Sesser Springfield '.'. Springvalley a Strcator Waukcpan Westville e .' _ Bridge Farm Woodstock Zeigler Indiana. Anderson ' Alexandria Elwood Frankfort Clinton East Chicago* Elkhart , Fort Wayne » Gary , Hammond "> Indianapolis Kokomo" " Laporte Logansport Mishawaka Peru '. Richmond South Bend Sullivan Vinccnnes Whiting ] .' ." Iowa. Burlington '« Carney i« Cedar Falls Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Total. 34,670 3,349 11,537 5,046 7,093 8,033 4,806 24,199 2,665 3,306 19,444 Foreign- bom white. 10,441 1,106 3,442 2,512 294 2,053 2,294 7,211 1,232 1,325 3,325 Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. 9,535 6,055 66,950 7,984 45, 401 24,335 357 4,046 1,292 I 51,678 7,035 14,253 16,069 2,607 967 4,331 1, 502 1,098 8,810 2,135 13,828 4,922 1,572 6,900 2,992 3,432 5,624 1,253 Total. 5,877 478 1,722 1,845 140 947 1,284 4,089 851 738 1,380 745 516 4,661 1,048 7,102 2,537 Natural- ized. 2,483 251 888 60 31 515 413 2,229 134 246 934 Decla rations. 381 644 tions. i °'a/- ants. Peti- tioners. 112 62 122 15 294 138 877 658 22,476 5,096 11,028 8,634 6,229 19,098 19, 282 63,933 16,802 20, 92.1 233,650 17,010 10, 525 19, 050 11,886 10, 910 22,324 53,684 4,115 14,895 : 6,587 24,324 977 451 812 102 1,805 10,295 1,636 7,204 8,242 5,553 19, 767 719 1,954 1,405 1,803 687 1,173 13,420 88 816 2,888 3,356 1,636 1,705 3,176 720 354 532 287 2,598 703 4,094 1,491 102 350 381 1,940 1,112 1,063 1,087 389 367 217 423 255 26 107 145 173 85 450 99 548 ! 248 i 409 i 58 1 937 6,638 893 3,785 ; 5,693 3,131 10, 407 389 1,083 777 i 977 363 I 599 I 6,787 51 438 1,715 ! 255 151 241 31 171 951 437 I 2,459 1,008 1,022 6,088 236 522 414 346 211 320 2,226 17 321 463 188 6,543 131 599 1,227 55 277 179 142 37 23 310 40 391 332 18 55 1,111 29 163 13 103 514 98 35 1,402 108 312 2 61 132 63 30 164 3,938 I 2,037 1,283 5,012 753 I > Includes aotivities at Rockdale. » Includes activities at Utica. ' Includes activities at Silvis. * Includes activities at Bush and Hearst, includes activities at Cherry, Dalzell, Depue Ladd, Marquette, and Seatonville. • Includes astivities at Georgetown. ' Includes activities at Lapel, Middletown. and Pendleton. 356 261 83 106 1 31 23 155 Candi- dates' wives. 43 130 3 12 6 61 40 1 4 45 7 4 28 25 308 13 22 665 84 162 4 9 12 30 2 17 86 1 1 68 8 Includes activities at Indiana Harbor. 3 Includes activities at Areola, Huntertown, and New Haven. 1° Includes activities at Cambridge City and Centerville. " Includes activities at Center Township. '2 Includes activities at West Burlington. "Includes activities at Delaware, Bloomfield, Enterprise, Oralabor, Saylor, and Swanwood. 12 Table 24. — Foreign-horn white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. Iowa— Continued. Cedar Rapids i 32,811 5,892 4,884 5,321 821 754 2,619 455 425 1,531 289 183 201 19 29 57 5 7 6 48 36 26 Charles City 2 25,577 29,292 43,028 86,368 2,573 38,494 15,543 4,880 4,268 8,101 10,395 175 6,089 2,188 2,615 2,309 4,132 5,231 93 3,220 1,199 1,697 1,302 2,597 2,807 54 2,281 609 88 126 219 392 32 49 65 109 89 34 11 42 ...... 22 39 1 Council Bluffs 10 Davenport 2 22 Des Moines 35 Valley Junction 514 7 2 190 25 6 58 14 6 1 ....... 2 1 3 9 Fort Dodge 95 36 24 9 4 TTigh Ttrirlffi 1 Mason City 11,230 16, 178 2,663 6,028 1,508 2,145 522 929 823 1,089 283 565 322 713 99 202 95 35 45 58 si 13 27 16 6 Muscatine « 2 Mystic 2 Oelwein 1 Scandia Sioux City < 47.828 26,693 10,452 2,706 5,781 1,494 2,408 650 388 76 59 302 36 6 50 Waterloo ^ . . 4 Yoder Kansas. Atchison 16,429 1,084 526 289 46 15 10 8 4 Barber Caney 3,597 210 113 67 29 11 Capaido Caronae 36 11 3 2 1 Cherryvale 4,304 250 176 108 29 Dearihg Edson 1 7 2" 8 Fort Scott 10,463 386 209 106 Franklin 165 186 17 3' 1 Frontenac . . . 3,396 1,572 798 253 4 Gross Horton 3,600 82,331 12,463 14, 755 235 10,344 463 1,137 137 5,710 259 588 66 2,427 133 322 21 942 9 311 11 72 1 61 Kansas City 282 1 182 74 9 2 16 1 2 1 32 Parsons 1 Pittsburg 9 Radley 2 Eingo Roseland 396 9,688 Salina 740 376 222 18 7 Skidmore 1 South Radley Topeka 43.684 52, 450 5,420 35, 099 223, 928 30,309 1,677 2,942 3,609 4,153 2,855 69 936 17, 436 3,405 2,123 1,591 40 509 8,334 1,534 1,115 653 12 330 5,704 1,009 91 103 13 40 16 124 11 11 14 Wichita 6 Kentucky. DanAalle Lexington Louisville 284 53 32 90 23 11 13 19 is Newport Louisiana. Amite' Hammond 154 150 72 72 18 8 1 1 Kentwood Natalbany New Orleans* 339,075 28, 015 27,686 1,004 13,486 525 6,138 248 1,217 105 328 10 95 96 85 Shreveport 1 Includes activities at Benson, Cedar Heights, Janesville, New Hartford, and Parkersburg. 2 Includes activities at Bettendorf and Rocking- ham. * Includes activities at Blue Grass and Fairpon. < Includes activities at Leeds, Riverside, and South Sioux City. 6 includes activities at Waterloo East Side and Waterloo West Side. 5 Includes activities at Cokedale, East Mineral, Hamilton, and Mackie. ' Includes activities at Gulette, Independence, Roseland, and Shiloh. 8 Includes activities at Algiers, Amesville, Chef Manteur, Gentilly, Gretna, I.akeview, Lee, Little Woods, McDonoghville, Milneburg, and Pontchar- train Grove. 13 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or toivns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Populat on, 1910. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- bom white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi. dates' wives. Maine. Auburn 15,064 13,211 2,864 24,803 9,396 17, 079 6,621 1,867 26,247 4,116 6,317 3,555 58, 571 7,471 8.281 5,179 6,777 6,583 5,341 11,458 558,485 13.026 5,112 11,187 8,536 16, 215 5,542 18, 650 9,407 070, 585 15,507 7,688 56, 878 27,792 104,839 4,797 32, 452 25,401 13,075 2,585 6,421 9,284 2,152 4,267 3,363 2,574 2,639 309 4,280 1.315 6,761 1,539 1,090 1,022 181 1.883 526 2,537 602 454 271 74 610 210 823 270 209 226 70 38 3 10 6 4 4 Augusta 1 HaUowell liangor 364 84 .52 30 9 8 4 14 7 7 3 3 11 Bath 4 Biddeford 7 Brunswick ' 8 Foxcroft Lewiston 9,418 988 1,383 868 12, 078 1,003 1,744 1.147 2,634 1,168 783 2,688 77,043 5,097 661 2,758 1,638 4,453 1,572 4,661 1,908 240, 722 4.442 2,317 15,425 8,345 34,608 1,156 13,748 10,036 4,798 520 1,649 2,718 3.502 427 664 449 5.023 415 748 524 1,280 463 346 1,138 33,638 2,042 259 1,157 779 1.919 639 2,174 790 103, 160 2,077 1,623 7,033 2,307 14,636 489 5,883 4,330 1,916 217 738 1,206 1,406 165 118 63 2,222 147 347 166 192 158 144 454 16,643 766 83 602 176 808 275 808 385 47, 791 905 482 3.167 1,274 7,162 252 2,133 1,280 1,029 85 292 520 .. 9 29 3 1 1 71 18 I>isbon 3 Old Town 1 Orono 1 Portland 758 437 108 94 South Portland Westbrook Presque Isle 560 111 76' 3,674 35 51 ii' 860 Rumford' Saco 2 1 Skowhegan WaterviUe'... 13 221 10 3 24 8 32 4 52 6 212 2 ...... 6 16 6 23 6 Maryland. Baltimore * 230 Massachusetts. Adams 8 Amherst 2 Arlington 20 Athol 7 Attleboro 31 Belmont 8 Beverly* 22 Danvers Boston 6 Hyde Park 16, 169 4,148 1,172 625 697 Bridge water ■""■725' ""253' 10 28 87 126 7 83 22 6 4 4 9 8 106 19 62 14 55 15 13 2 5 7 7 Brockton Brookline 65 29 Canton Chelsea 898 214 85 13 66 Chicopec 19 CUnton ' 10 Cohasset 4 Concord ' 4 Dedham 445 96 6 Douglass Dudley 1,579 547 704 253 172 113 East Bridgcwater ' 1 1 East Falmouth Easthampton "> Easton 8,524 5,139 5,183 3,077 1,020 1,227 698 470 404 380 141 2 9 g Mansfield East We5Tnouth . . 3 55 154 1 25 81 Everett 33,484 119,295 2,798 2,928 4,032 9,607 50,874 706 591 1,069 4,085 20,181 295 261 497 2,228 8,368 102 68 175 34 Fall River I' 2,445 705 116 Somerset Westport Tiverton, R. I 1 ' Includes activities at Topsham. 2 Includes activities at Mexico, Smithville, and Virginia. 3 Includes activities at Winslow. * Includes activities at Arlington, Brooklyn, Ca- tons\ille, Curtis BayjDundalk, Franklin ville, Gar- denville, Govans, Hamilton, Hillsdale, Mount Wmans, Orangeville, Roland Park, Sparrows Point, Towson, and West Arlington. ' Includes activities at Hamilton and Wenham. * Includes activities at Allston, Brighton, Charles town, Dorchester, East Boston, Maltapan, Mount Hope, Roslindale, Roxbury, South Boston, and AVest Roxbury. ' Includes activities at Boylston, Lancaster, and Sterling. s Includes activities at Bedford, Carlisle, and Lincoln. 9 Includes activities at Elmwood and Westdale. 1" Includes activities at Southampton. " Includes activities at Swansea. 14 Table 24. — Foreign-horn white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanlss occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. Massachusetts— Contd. Falmouth 3,144 37,826 12, 948 5,641 2,696 14,699 24, 398 2,673 10,427 2,326 44,115 9,894 4.965 57,730 6,743 5,777 85,892 17,580 4,918 106,294 3,461 3,750 4,948 544 13,611 3,156 1,504 537 5,312 7,484 847 1,918 245 5,933. 1,341 722 216 2,703 3,980 437 916 79 1,950 557 248 112 762 1,743 165 366 Fitchburg 9 24 1 13 5 14 Framingham i 9 Franklin 2 1 5 9 14 13 11 Gloucester 2 14 Manchester Greenfield « 232 41 7 13 14 Hanover = Haverhill s 11,153 2,635 943 23, 238 1,790 2,261 41,319 4,875 1,143 43,457 1,035 1,670 2,309 27,344 4,936 1,140 388 9,457 863 872 17,414 2,0o8 517 18,191 482 872 799 12 03fi 1,915 463 153 3,765 293 175 6,588 645 242 7,028 231 89 158 4,931 416 250 2,941 718 810 349 1,195 922 674 156 375 499 268 5,441 116 173 569 1,829 1,266 983 508 503 33 30 22 Amesbury 5 70 4 3 47 3 3 104 7 6 Holyoke ' 47 Hudson 8 3 2 3,072 799 185 25 141 19 Lexington n Lowell 114 134 166 Dracut Tewksbury Lynn 12 89,336 8,047 6.204 24.7 120 143 1,760 1 '751 1.369 I .580 Swompscott Maiden 44,404 13.4^0 ' 5.404 47 67 63 Mehose 15.715 3,091 3,344 3,002 5,126 4,501 4,331 904 1,936 1.997 1,182 1,508 1,403 2,134 1,776 2,039 399 923 926 644 17,151 488 538 1,215 4,061 2,561 2,130 1,133 1,619 14,579 13 11 58 17 16 15 6 44 33 39 19 6,390 23, 150 11,448 13, 055 4,758 6,866 9,866 9 Medford 63 40 Milford 22 Montague 4 4 4 190 4 Natick 4 7 76 4 Needham 5,026 1 1^584 96, 652 ! 42, 625 4, 378 1 . 072 6 New Bedford 1' 158 Fairhaven 5,122 14,949 39, 806 22,019 19,431 9,562 8,807 1,232 3,007 11, 191 6,046 4,880 2,490 3,560 12 21 8 9 12 3 1 42 9 25 22 6 13 4 3 20 18 North Adams 7 Northampton 299 58 6 North Attleboro is 21 Northbridge 2 North Easton 1 8,014 8,610 15, 721 32, 121 3, 568 3,060 12, 141 32, 642 18,219 2,555 3,074 5,341 6,744 462 754 3,722 10, 875 1,289 1,354 2,931 3,176 199 350 1,621 4.996 521 282 ^ 783 1,549 138 178 463 2,367 1,407 9 10 10 32 28 Palmer ' s 14 Peabody 9 Pittsfield 17 763 171 27 Lenox 10 86 78 1 51 48 1 Qulncy 72 Revere 5,331 ! 2,400 71 1 Includes activities at Ashland, Hopkinton, and Sherborn. 2 Includes activities at Wrentham. 3 Includes activities at Essex. * Includes activities at Deerfield. s Includes activities at Norwell and Pembroke. 8 Includes activities at Merrimac, Mass., and New- ton and Piaistow, N. H. 7 Includes activities at South Hadley Falls and Willimansett. 8 Includes activities at Berlin, Bolton, and Stow. 3 Includes activities at Hamilton, Rowley, and Topsfield. 1" Includes activities at Lunenberg. 11 Includes activities at Bedford and Burlington. 12 Includes activities at Nahant. 13 Includes activities at Northboro and Southboro. 11 includes activities at Acushnet and Freetown. ■6 Includes activities at Plainville. 16 Includes activities at Bondsville, Thomdyke, and Three Rivers. " Includes activities at Hinsdale and Lanesboro. 15 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. Massachusetts— Contd. 6,928 5,455 12. 895 4,211 43,697 1,946 77,236 1,110 885 502 276 153 509 200 2,443 1 2,312 ; 1-099 1,029 13,539 478 5,696 ^ 1 37 1 101 Salem 41 2 77 31 1 Somerville . . . 20,751 8,814 4,263 83 Southbndge s 12,592 88. 926 3,501 7,090 6,316 34,259 4,671 11,404 5,818 4,892 3,803 27, 834 12,875 11,509 5,413 10,044 9,224 7,292 9,309 10, 132 15,308 145,986 5,833 4,315 22,999 S26 1,362 1,439 9,779. 1,243 1,943 9,942 378 615 666 4,206 fiOl 657 4,182 155 316 266 1,506 144 662 191 230 125 1,525 804 080 234 588 372 218 306 551 1,0(3 9,126 245 2 152 23 83 21 Springifield 3 2,818 595 120 4 i' 5 Stougliton 2 13 4 22 2 12 4 23 2 Wakefield < 3,128 i 1,280 1,012 421 31 24 Reading Walpole '., 1,306 098 7,C83 4,057 4,090 1,559 4,401 2,100 1, 108 2,480 2,093 4,039 48,492 775 035 377 3,008 1,773 1,839 550 2,173 943 481 1,027 819 2,006 22, 810 421 4 7 9 Foxboro Waltham 21 14 1 ll 4 2 4 15 21 101 5 11 10 10 1 10 1 3 10 11 7 153 3 17 "Watertown. 10 Webster 7 Wellesley 2 Westfleld... 11 West Springfield Wliitman 3 3 Winchesler. Winthrop 12 Woburn 6 13 Worcester 3,283 704 146 Michigan. Albion 2 Alpha ' Baltics. 1 1 Battle Creek.. ' 25,267 45, 166 2,616 11,027 351 1,187 2,144 1,259 5,213 130 538 1,200 570 4,009 00 340 427 144 205 26 141 9 48 6 ! 6 Bay City 07 63 Belding Benton Harbor' Bessemer Calumet i".. 4,119 9,185 4,58! "20,097 8,-537 4,211 3,775 465,766 174 420 632 01 117 200 15 47 90 is 11 65 25 17 77 I^aimum 2,617 1,953 1,501 156,505 1,263 1,151 818 79,323 825 357 358 32,891 Crystal Falls 274 14,229 73 2,663 12 1,909 1 Detroit Diorile. . . 054 740 Dodgeville Bowagiac Escanaba'2 5,088 13, 194 38, 550 4,211 471 4,095 6, 062 1,423 1,364 28,335 203 2,230 3,628 753 665 1,3,089 88 1,365 1,579 352 393 7,758 12 105 811 6 48 83 ....... 05 56 7 124 3 22 3 7 Flint O ladstone . 12 Grand Haven w Grand Rapids 5,850 112, 571 92 877 40 209 2 174 1 31 2 155 G wynn " Hancock '■' 8,981 3,162 j 1,611 780 46 34 Hemlock Highland Park'? 4,120 3,559 915 1 404 1,261 i 568 247 202 8 10 12 Hamtramck ' Includes activities at Pigeon Cove. 2 Includes activities at Charlton and Sturbridge. 3 Includes activities at Long Meadovi\ < Includes activities at Lynnfield. 1= Includes activities at Norfolk. « Includes activities at Burlington and Wilming- ton. ' Includes activities at Dunn Mine Location. * Includes activities at Atlantic Mine, South Range, and Trimountain. s Includes activities at Coloma and Milburg. 'I* Includes activities at Centennial, Centennial Heights, Kearsarge, Osceola, Tamarack, and Wol- verine. " Exclusive of Laurium and I\cd Jacket. '- Includes activities at North Escanaba and Wells. 13 Includes activities at Ferrysburg and Spring Lake. '^ Includes activities at Austin and Princeton. 1 j Includes activities at Franklin Mine and Quincy Mine. '8 Includes activities at Greenfield. Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in cotmty July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. Michigaji— Continued. Holland 10, 490 5,030 9,216 2,450 12,821 12,448 31,433 39,437 31, 229 3,154 2,465 744 3,741 1,162 366 1,878 764 268 1,208 17 1 16 14 78 29 19 28 43 4 3 5 27 31 3 12 27 11 2 Ionia 82 115 17 90 1 Iron Mountain 11 19 Iron wood. 6,234 4,732 4,307 6,857 3,973 192 3,651 2,478 2,182 3,149 2,006 97 1,259 1,550 1,180 1,505 1,029 55 48 13 Jackson 254 187 524 32 74 42 19 Kalamazoo ' . . 29 Lansings 15 St. Johns Lorettos 2 7 12 3 "22 32 Manistee < 12,381 11,503 3,6i6 3,574 1,828 1,930 1,480 1,117 39 249 39 53 216 21 135 21 13 34 Marquette 10 9 Mohawk 6 Monroe ^ 6,893 24,062 8,460 9,639 828 6, 252 3,862 1,352 458 3,092 2,207 674 188 2,070 869 398 2 10 48 5 8 2 Muskegon ' 10 Negaunee ... . 46 Owosso 8 98 IS 4 Painesdale 7 Pontiac 14,532 18, 863 4,163 50,510 2,683 5,979 1,227 11,701 1,290 2,541 581 5,584 619 1,917 284 3,799 274 187 48 24 Port Huron 9 5' 42 12 1 2 14 8 1 3 Saginaw " Saginaw West Side 339 108 36 11 St. Charles 1,451 891 1,322 12,115 6,230 6,192 1,919 6,960 5,099 1,690 8,526 1,005 7,684 Scottvillo's ................. 19 12 3 19 1 1 1 2 ' 3 13 Stambaugh '3.. 7 1 1 2 8 4 4 9 7 7 25 12 3 Traverse City Ypsilanlin Minnesota. Albert Lea i» 2,009 614 1,192 1,042 251 591 634 155 337 16 164 61 9 98 44 1 1 Aurora i6 6 Austin 17 Bemidji BJwabik is 1,128 1,056 6i5 670 342 401 41 90 is 76 2 2 9 Brainerd '9 2,164 1,122 796 58 38 5 Rnhl 4 Chisholm^o 4,469 2,936 551 13 2 27 Clementson 7 Cloquet 7,63! 1,613 2,959 1,794 753 61 24 Coleraine 21 5 7 146 4 10 140 3 4 2 Crosby 22 7 Duluth 78,466 30,652 17,663 8,359 3,360 703 140 Dunbar 2 East Grand Forks Grand Forks, N. Dak. Ely 23 2,533 12,478 3,572 7,036 773 3,607 1,713 3,761 422 1,756 995 2,328 220 929 377 679 63 44 1 2 8 13 15 16 12 Eveleth 14 1 Includes activities at Comstock, Galesburg, Plainwell, Schoolcraft, and Vicksburg. 2 Includes activities at Bath, DeWitt, Dimon- dale, Haslett, Holt, and Masons. 3 Includes activities at Waucedah. * Includes activities at East Lake, File City, and Oak Hill. '' Includes activities at Ahmeek and AUouez. 6 Includes activities at Erie and La Salle. ' Includes activities at Fruitport and Muskegon Heights. 8 Includes activities at Corunna, Morrice, and Perry. 9 Includes activities at North Port Huron, Salt Block, and Upton Works. 10 Includes activities at Ecorse, Ford City, and Navarre. 11 Includes activities at Birch Run, Bridgeport, Burt, Carrollton, Chesaning, Fosters, Freeiand, Merrill, Oakley, Swan Creek, and Zilwaukee. '2 Includes activities at Amber and Custer. 13 Includes activities at New Caspian and Palatka. i< Includes activities at Saline and Wayne. 15 Includes activities at Alden, Armstrong, Clarks Grove, Glenville, Hayward, and Manchester. 16 Includes activities at Adriatic, Messaba, and Stevens. " Includes activities at Brownsdale, Lansing, Lyle, Oakland, and Waltham. 18 Includes activities at Pineville. 19 Includes activities at Barrows. 20 Includes activities at Hartley, Monroe Loca- tion, Myers, and Shenango. 21 Includes activities at Bovey, Calumet, Marble, and Taconite. 22 Includes activities at Deerwoodandlronton. 23 Includes activities at Winton. 17 Table 24.— Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and citmor towns- Vjontinuecl. (Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalisation papers Pled in county Julv 1. 1916, to June 30 1917. Names furnished. TotaL Foreign- born white. Total. Naltu--^! Decla- rations Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners ! Cnndi- dates' ■ wives. Minnesota— Continued. Fairmont 2,958 9,001 6,887 1,700 """2," 230 8,832 ""i.'is?" 695 1 392 1,443 2,418 198 695 1,288 1G9 445 494 40 40 73 1 4 9 11 3 Faribault 20 1 2 17 i 5 2 Ferjrus Falls' 2 Ginjrrt^ 1 4 13 1 2" ' 13 n 1 2 8 Gracoton Grand Rapids i" 1 ""m 57 15 HibbingJ 4,342 2,879 '/SO Homestead International Falls 90' 30 7 5 Kcewatin < 1 Kettle River Kinney » Lin ford • 61 ♦ l.ittle Fails .■.'.■ !!."!;;.■; "*"6"678" l.itilcMarais ""i>366"| 638 522" 31 " 26' 4' i ....... Mankalos St. Peter 10,3a5 4,176 301,408 3,056 4,840 1,343 2,080 5,658 2,070 1 1,018 m 1,260 I 635 254 85,938 45,159 23.462 571 i 304 177 1,384 1 751 458 9i' ....... 9' 6' 4 Montevideo Moorhead Mountain Iron s 2,473 36 51 841 15 23 480 1 356 1 355 2 Nashwaiik [ i 4 5 4 5 4 2 7 Owatonna ^ 1,104 520 400 36 9 3 Rjsev 1 St. (loud »« St. Paul 11 i6,666 214, 744 2,024 56, .521 1,103 29,048 675 17,071 ■" 5 146 4 140 5 1,709 483 Section Thirty 126 South St Paul St'llwaloris 4,5i6 10.198 1,723 2,774 934 1,578 423 1,151 24 25 15 19 2 3 8 4 5 Tofte Trout Lake 5 Two Harbors.". .. ....'.'.'. Virginia i« Winger 4,990 . 10,473 ! 728 18,583 ......... 5,340 "'"i,"265' 3,397 46fi' 958 ""297' 37' ...... 17 9' 27 4 22 Winona Williams 3 858 1,929 '"i,"586" 60 19 ...... 4' 2 Wilmar WrenshallH 4, 135 1 755 1 ( 1,281 631 434 34 28 ::::::: 4 Wright :.. Mississippi. Uncnville 9,610 6,386 1 8,475 1 '248,'38i" ' 9,859 1 5,9fi0 77,403 687,029 ' 296 269 375 '" 25,327' 412 470 8,113 lai 7nfi 185 164 208 "13,052' 203 228 4,281 C3,440 267 1 86 64 . 162 ' '6," 95.3" ■ 116 . 173 . 2.256 33,081 \ 191 i. '^iilfport Missouri. Lapt- "lirardeau liasco 1. Kansas City w i Independence Rosedale, Kans ' St. Joseph i St. T oiiis.... 1 6 . 7 1,03b' 2 '"264" 184 1 101 ' i56 246 39 476 1,038 5 377 11 Maplewood 4,976 ; 505 17,822 '■ 801 612 413 1 225 ! 2 1. 1 8 ! I 1 3 ' Includes activities at Battle Lake Pelican Rapids, Rotbsay, and Underwood. * Include.s activities at Klba, Genoa Mining Lo- cation, McKinley, and Sparta. 3 Includes aetiVitie.s at Alice, Brooklyn, Carson Lake, Dupond, Glenn, Kittsville, Lamborton, Latonia, Mace, Mahoning, Mabel nill, Mitchell, Morton, Penobscot, Pool, and Stcvenpon. * Includes activities at Bennet Mine, Bray Loca- tJon, and St. Paul Lo(>ation. ' Includes activities at Lucknow, Sharon, and Spina. * Includes activities at Eagle Lake, Ka.sota, Lake Ci^stal, and North Mankato. 41W4— 18 3 ' Includes activities at Robbinsdalo and St. Louis Park. « Includes activities at Costin, Ellis, Hopper Kinross, Leonida.s .Mine, and Parkville ' ^/iP^''^"^.*";^ activltie.s at Bixby, Havana, Hope, Mcdford, Menden, Morton, and Pratt. "Includes activities at Sauk Rapids and White Park. " Includes activities at North St. Paul '2 Includes activities at Oak Park and South Still- water. " Includes activities at Franklin and Northsidc. '< Includes activities at Banker, Carlton, Uuson and Winfate. '^ Includes activities at North Kansas City. Table 24.— Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization •papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or town^r- Continued. ' [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Forciftn-born white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county .luly 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. Stv. P«t'- ants. t'"'^'^^- Candi- dates' wives. dontana. Great Falls 13,948 2,992 4,697 12,869 4,800 3,662 411 852 2,997 2,099 1,943 219 555 2,020 1,314 1,018 123 166 785 420 446 137 192 87 63 24 78 80 17 227 45 2,315 33 28 14 7 12 10 47 12 13 98 17 386 ""es" 61 3' 16 4 10 1 8 » 11 Miles City 4 Missoula 7 Nebraska. 8,718 10,326 1,778 43,973 0,025 124,096 3,170 20,259 2,152 1,219 10,867 2,500 11,780 7,529 21,497 3,062 13,247 3,348 1,369 1,561 686 869 457 541 81 90 2 2 Grand Island 2 Lin coin 7,200 799 27,068 484 7,834 3,101 422 13, 788 237 4,377 1,372 162 7,079 155 1,956 25 18 29 Norfolk Omaha ^ 919 109 574 89 63 95 29 26 23 30 1 1 Wilber Nevada. 2,059 522 5,082 1,819 4,309 878 3,290 1,340 1,239 338 2,378 731 1,984 358 1,475 497 691 113 768 298 962 230 747 100 140 13 9 Nevsr Hampshire. Berlin' 282 53 310 65 23 50 i" 9 36 7 21 26 7 14 Dover * 137 39 4 11 2 East Jaflfrey 2 1 19 Franklin ^ 0,132 1,895 5,718 70,063 2,579 26.005 11,239 2,117 1,806 46,150 4.390 55,545 1,613 596 262 Jailrey 103 17 2 1 108 15 901 29,092 515 8,957 2,138 395 11,486 265 3.748 975 153 4,506 66 1,190 514 1 Manchester '.... 694 286 40 84 43 40 2 49 Portsmouth 120 02 1 Salem ' Tilton 95 477 10 138 2 45 58 3 New Jersey. Atlantic City » 6,400 304 20,522 2,996 170 10,109 l,i7or 56 3,364 44 69 6 2 110 3 9 112 fi Bloomfleld 15,070 34,371 4,930 4,250 3,970 3,359 5,677 1,090 349 1,242 1,544 2,079 505 162 606 808 1,187 207 63 212 7 Boonton C 3 5 Bordentown i' 244 289 120 64 49 17 5' 2 4 3,041 7,468 2,983 3, 163 4,275 3.807 3,448 73,409 9,924 4,731 1,313 1,133 1,215 1,187 1,272 1,365 23,894 2,500 667 732 546 561 591 618 11,713 950 3S5 169 255 297 331 199 5,036 422 10 4 4 East Newark 1 2 3 East Rutherford 12 . WallinHon.. . Elizabeth 1,757 494 77 15 68 2 80 6 Florence 1 « Includes activities at Glengarry, Ililger, Moore, and South Lewistown. ' Insludes activities at Florence. 8 Includes activities at Gorham and Milan. « Includes activities at Penacook. * Includes activities at Durham, Elliot, Madbury, and Rollinsford. « Includes activities at Northfleld and Sanborn- ton. ' Includes activities at Auburn, Bedford, Bow, Candia, Chester. Grasmere, Hookset, and Weare. , ; 8 Includes activities at Hampshire. ' Includes activities at Ventnor City. 10 Includes activities at Roebling and White House. u Includes activities at Bowlbyvllle, Denvllle, Kenvil, Mill Brook, Mine Ilill, Rockaway, aaa Succasunna. ** Includes activities at Lyndhurst. 19 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed ir\ fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by Slates and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] state and dty or town. Wew Jersey— Continued. Hackensack » Harrison Hoboken [rvington Jersey City Kearney 2 Leonia* Edgewater Fort Lee Long Branch Montclair < West Orange Morristown , Newark New Brunswick Orange Park Ridge Passaic Paterson = Haledon Hawthorne Prospect Park Perth Amboy « Plainfield Rah way Red Bank' Ridgewood Summit s , TenaQy Town of Union » Trenton Westfield West Hoboken '» West New York" Guttenberg Wood bine New Mexico. Albuquerque >' Santa Fe New York. Albany ^' Albion n Amsterdam '* Auburn '■' Ballston Spa Batavia Binghamton " Buffalo" Carthage Cohoes Corning Depew Lancaster Population, 1910. Total. 14,050 14,498 70,324 11,877 207, 779 18,659 1,486 2,655 4,472 13,298 21,550 10,980 12,507 347,469 23,388 29,030 1,401 54, 773 125,000 2,500 3,400 2,719 32, 121 20,550 9,337 7,398 5,416 7,500 2,756 21,023 96,815 6, 420 35, 403 13,560 5, 647 2,399 11,020 5,072 100,253 5,010 31, 267 34,668 4,138 11,613 48, 443 423, 715 3,563 24, 709 13,730 3,921 4,364 Foreign- born white. 3,255 5, 257 27,668 2,480 77,697 0,024 921 1,264 2,529 5,141 2,850 2,657 110,055 0,048 8,069 28, 407 45,398 1,041 953 1,214 14,288 4,144 1,059 993 768 2,024 803 6, 665 26,310 1,057 13,713 3,556 2,187 Forcipn-born white males of voting age, 1910. 1,269 196 18, 165 995 10,624 7,620 604 2,133 7,3S9 118,444 4S3 7,373 1,795 1,913 727 Total. 1,473 2,503 13,562 1,192 37, 707 2,8S8 492 030 1,250 2,023 1,336 1,115 49,674 2,278 3,660 10,920 20, 182 476 442 512 7,201 1,670 840 457 316 769 362 3,133 12,938 471 6,177 1,712 1,104 624 108 8,192 454 4,091 3,788 300 1,026 3,310 50,337 206 2,990 890 1,192 385 Natural- ized. 564 1,040 5,790 737 10,550 1,430 138 325 496 771 C28 562 21,427 846 1,822 2,907 9,817 288 218 228 2,231 830 407 175 102 349 140 1,723 5, 253 232 2,905 920 452 430 70 4,827 327 1,808 1,743 152 474 1,260 29,409 83 1,005 486 223 175 Naturalization papers Hleil in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Decla- rations. 1,347 C,738 324 453 4,190 2,166 1,477 1,605 63 31 15 842 135 596 402 182 111 627 4,897 220 Peti- tions. 420 2,082 90 114 1,470 451 C19 21 12 3 249 45 86 89 51 25 106 1,556 58 Names furnished. De- clar- ants. 28 39 92 58 2SS 17 12 312 32 70 2 40 96 66 205 4 36 341 6 15 3 G Peti- tioners. 12 39 100 305 31 11 272 44 39 53 157 46 204 3 49 25 99 6 26 41 2 5 43 309 5 8 18 10 Candl- dates' wives. I Includes activities at Bogota, Maywood, North Hackensack, Oradell, Teancek. and Woodridge. * Includes activities at Arlington and North Arlington. » Includes activities at Palisade Park and Rldge- fleld. * Includes activities at Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Falls, and Verona. 6 Includes activities atNorth Paterson and Totowa. « Includes activities at Fords, Keasbey, Sewarcn, and Woodbridge. ' Includes activities at Eatontown, Falrhaven, Little Silver, and Shrewsbury. * Includes activities at Chatham, Millburn, New Providence, Short mils, and Springfield. 340 33 8 197 50 41 61 156 65 283 2 62 29 61 3 51 40 2 6 47 442 6 13 7 9 Includes activities at Weehawken. 10 Includes activities at North Bergen. u Includes activities at Union Hill. "Includes activities at Baralas, Martinez Town, and Old Albuquerque. 1" Includes activities at West Albany. •« Includes activities at Fanchor and Hulherton. >> Includes activities at CranesviUe, Fort Johnson, and Hagaman. i« Includes activities at Aurelius, Fleming, Mel- rose Park, Owasco, Port Byron, Sennett, Skan- eateles, and Throop. " Includes activities at Endicott, Johnson City, and Union. » Includes activities at Cheektowaga and Sloan. 20 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States or cities or towns— Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. New York— Continued. Dunkirk Fredonia Ellen ville* Elmira2 Elmira Heights Geneva Gloversville Hornell Hudson' Huntington Ithaca Jamestown * Lansingburg Little Falls Lockport Lyons.. Malone Mamaroneck Meehanicville * Medina 6 Mount Vernon ' Tuckahoe Newark Newburgh New Rochelle New York Niaeara Falls » North Tonawanda Tonawanda Clean Oneida Oneonta Poughkeepsie Rochester ' Rockviile Center'"... Rome Schenectady '' Scotia Shaleton Solvay Svracuse '^ Troy Green Island Watervliet Utica's Watertown '■• Westbiiry White Plains i^ Yonkers Korth Carolina. Concord " Population, 1910. Total. 17,221 5,285 3,114 37,176 2,732 12,446 20,042 13,617 11,417 12,004 14,802 31,297 12,273 17,970 4,400 0,467 5,699 6,C34 5,683 30,919 2,722 6,227 27,805 28,867 1,766,883 30,445 11,955 8,290 14, 743 8,317 9,491 27,936 218, 149 3,667 20,497 72, 826 2,957 Foreign- born white. 5,146 1,187 316 5,259 325 2,215 4,008 1,272 2,209 1,589 10,612 5,139 137,249 76,813 4,7.37 15,074 74,419 26,730 15,949 79, 803 8,715 3,915 3,235 808 819 1,641 1,343 1,058 8,029 1,140 759 4,823 8,677 1,927,703 12,064 3, 628 1,854 2,424 876 741 4,534 58,993 420 4,114 18,631 374 1,683 30,781 15, 432 867 2.750 21 ',308 6,268 Foreign-bom white males ot voting age, 1910. Total. 2,548 536 157 2,494 155 1,050 1,777 627 1,142 723 5,035 1,832 1,558 387 346 781 699 553 3,612 543 3?5 2,241 4,000 828,793 5,755 1,887 948 1,184 422 428 2,122 27,067 209 2.254 9,562 186 3,898 26,590 21 946 14,944 6,554 393 1,226 9,341 2,798 1,914 12,295 14 Natural- ized. 1,067 268 112 1,648 76 635 829 450 336 374 2,741 581 887 266 205 344 268 300 1,950 202 176 1,125 1,979 318,091 2,082 765 573 641 234 200 994 13,003 133 869 3,856 105 342 7,036 4,388 202 667 4,326 1,050 777 5,629 Naturalization papers filed in countv July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Decla- rations. 187 188 13S 3o4 141 509 96 308 Peti- tions. 378 762 172 79 465 82,009 410 99 47 504 2.937 1,039 850 1,395 357 1,402 661 3,249 43 150 27 144 90 199 89 19 209 27,077 22 15 168 891 294 275 347 115 274 1,131 1 Names furnished De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners, 33 27 2,807 83 10 23 28 387 1 14 19 36 9,162 130 5 45 384 4 88 50 12 1 33 145 Candi- dates' wives. 41 6 13 8 63 28 10 5 37 10 21 35 6,192 120 5 34 392 5 88 35 64 25 1 37 118 ' Includes activities at Greenfield and Napanoch. » Includes activities at Horseheads and Wells- burg. 3 Includes activities at Stottville. * Includes activities at Celeron, Falconer, Frews- bure, and Lakewood. » Includes activities at Stillwater. ' Includes activities at Knowlesville and Middle- port. ' Includes activities at Bronxville and Pelham. « Includes activities at La Sallo. 9 Includes activities at Aron de quvit, Brighton, Chili, Llarkson,, Gates, Greoee. Hamlin. Henrietta, Mendcn, Ogdeu, Parma, PenSeld, Perinton, Pitts- ford, Riga, Rush, Sweden, Webster, and Wheat- land. "> Includes activities at Fast Rockaway, Lyn- brook, Malverne, and Oceanside. 11 Includes activities at Alplaus, Glenville, Nis- kayuna, and South Schenectady. 12 Includes activitiesat East Sycamore, Eastwood, Liverpool, and Onondaga Valley. 13 Includes activities at Capron, Deerfjold, New Hartford, New York Mills, and Whitesboro. 1^ Includes activities at Prownville. 1" Includes activities at Elmsford, Hartsdale, Ken- sieo, Purchase, Scarsdale, and Valhalla. 16 Includes activities at Kannapolis. 21 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June SO, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns — Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] MtMb and city or town. Population, 1910. Foroi(ni-bom white males of voting age, 1010. Naturalization papers filed in countv July 1. 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. 1 Candi- dates' wives. North Dakota. 5,443 5, 157 3,678 749 14,331 1,443 4, ,358 645 929 3, 873 343 6,188 621 965 1,236 1,015 514 652 530 301 255 239 56 67 74 53 171 15 17 40 11 57 13 8 ....... 4 5 9 1 21 3 Devils Lake 2 7 Ed?e"ev ' I Fareo.'. 3,200 1,669 1,011 11 Jamestown 878 426 203 97 25 2 5 4 Kulm LaMonre Mandan 1,293 739 276 64 37 MInot 1,150 587 325 187 22 New Salem 18 South Heart VallevCitv 4,606 3,124 69,067 9,410 4,020 15,083 18,266 8,122 3,156 50,217 14,508 .363,591 560,663 2,955 9,179 15,181 5,813 181,511 3,319 116,577 4,972 14,825 1,072 653 13,241 2,829 470 2,659 4,710 872 332 8,648 618 56, 792 195,703 092 1.418 3,916 2,010 16,285 1,533 13,847 3,866 3,061 540 364 7,0.51 1,723 246 1,606 2,382 489 181 5,010 290 2-1,723 94,431 257 557 1,9.38 911 8,487 793 7,303 2,814 1,709 317 171 2,459 222 129 350 1,108 255 85 2,005 181 17,253 40, 482 132 397 81 82 1,1.56 22 49 217 3 57 1,526 3 I Wir.iston Ohio. .\.kron *. 131 48 Barberton 1 Vl'ianoe 14 12 10 29 13 178 27 111 517 1 1,766 15,040 66 6 45 131 1 544 2,922 25 Bucvrus 2 34 "'335' 1,055 6 60 1 257 1,290 7 61 Chillieothe 1 184 Cleveland * 1,267 Cleveland Heiijlits East Cle\'e!and 791 539 Columbus 4,453 320 3,451 107 556 393 119 31 38 2 51 38 9 30 1 Da\i;on 477 1,292 1,038 1.39 .360 122 44 154 13 55 East Youngstown « 38 15 Forsvthe Fremont 9,939 35,279 2,665 3,084 28,883 9,133 4,271 8,361 5,501 13,388 6,122 1,0.57 3,. 309 647 261 10,929 1,540 196 2,502 595 752 179 .516 1,703 375 158 6,216 787 103 1,4.37 294 379 88 385 1,042 103 61 1,496 348 85 399 138 195 59 48 221 10 38 7 3 1 2 6 6 1 8 Hamilton ' 5 1 171 59 23 5 20 Martins Ferrv 445 131 3 6 Niles 258 77 33 55 24 7 4 20 3 8 1 1 5 Paiuesxillc 1 Piqua * 2 Salem ' 8,943 46,921 22,391 3,370 11,894 168, 497 11,081 79,066 1,2,39 3,156 5,214 1,055 944 32,037 1,362 24,860 703 1,662 3,103 606 455 15, 826 667 14,027 234 916 589 109 313 8,752 275 4,268 48 4 14 12 8 323 4 91 3 5 12 1 3 Sprin<;fieldi» 56 431 10 102 3 Steuben ville 9 Struthers 7 Tiflin 31 1,887 10 328 Toledo 186 2 47 182 1 Youaestown 61 ' iQolud^s activities at Berlin, Judd, and Med- bury. ' Includes activities at Kenmore. • Includas acti .'ities at New Berlin, North Indus- try, and O.m.tburu. * Includes aoti /ities at Euclid, Royalton, Shaker IIeit;ht.s, and West Park. ^ In'ludes activities at Amboy. East Connaaut, and North Conncaut. » Includes activities at Ilazletown and LowcllvlUc. ' Includes activities at Coke Otto, Fairfield Town- ship, St. Clair Township, and Symmes. 8 Includes activities at Bradford, Covington^ Fletcher, Pleasant TTill, and West Milton. » Includes activities at Beloit, (Jrccn, and Wash- ington /ille. 1" Includes activities at Cold Springs. 22 Table 24. — Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns— Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] 6tate and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county Julv 1, 1916,toJun(3 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- bom white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candi- dates' wives. Oklahoma. Bartlesville ^ - - 6,181 3,255 2,963 1,671 4,582 1,880 225 18,182 2,277 9,599 207,214 51,913 52, 127 3,734 5,285 3,535 2,700 12,191 5,357 5,512 12,837 19,3.57 14,544 20,728 6,117 11,800 9,615 38.537 12,845 5,991 12,623 15,727 199 556 411 128 305 225 79 143 55 20 2S 41 16 3 5 7 11 13 4 : 2 3 52 35 22 1 1 1 1 Lelii^h 2 1 1 1 412 245 105 2 13 184 42 28 1 1 41 383 24 41 1 13 130 1,314 611 227 11 62 710 126 91 1 Oregon. . Astoria. 2 Portland 4,088 43,780 6,234 5,212 138 206 1,149 647 2,851 365 2,031 797 7,299 2,180 3,510 924 172 3,356 0, 673 1,587 569 2,122 6,381 2,562 25,230 2,705 2,757 76 117 612 337 1,657 218 1,2.58 378 4,103 1,046 2,0.50 454 87 1,679 3,476 793 283 1,128 3,604 1,172 11,251 904 1,083 35 44 277 116 396 43 80 233 929 600 380 329 eo 448 1,137 343 114 540 7C0 15 284 Pennsylvania. 27 Altoona * 36 6 3 4 464 71 88 16 14 5 8 West Berwick Bethlehem « 767 130 ■""to' 2 129 2 43 6 2 1 60 Bradford' 72 381 35 92 7 Butler 2 Carriek Sta., Pittsburgh 9 199 659 5 22 151 1 4 31 3 1 3 26 3 9 35 10 2 Charleroi 9 22 9 Corry D ubois 9 347 142 11 26 9 33 Easton i* 28,523 5,615 1,167 2,084 3,902 66,525 3,122 1,452 646 29 23 16 1 17 East Pittsburgh 14 Ellsworth 70 7 42 10 22 6 Ellwood City 11 .. 1,067 14,943 686 7,562 125 3,348 10 54 1 23 12 Eriei2 546 176 68 Farrell Ford City 1' 4,850 4,390 2,314 988 1,361 508 256 248 286 754 104 438 29 5,909 64, 186 25,452 5,749 8,077 4,196 55,482 6,449 4,311 47,227 373 4,134 5,994 214 1,774 203 1,979 2,972 113 914 88 917 1,457 33 312 7 6 23 5 10 i 22 3 10 16 46 19 1 6 Hazleton i< . . 32 Indiana 230 1,034 56 416 1 Jeannette 's 10 Jenkins Township i8 Johnstown i' 12 15,316 1,884 353 3,203 9,225 1,005 195 1,472 1,621 369 77 1,028 900 344 142 12 44 22 259 77 112 36 Lancaster 14 23 25 > Includes activities at Dewey and Smeltortown. « Includes activities at Midway and Phillips. « Includesactivitiesatllamniondand Warrenton. * Includes activities at Logan Township. ' Includes activities at Cymbria Mines, Elmora, Emeigh, Garman, Marstellar, and Saxman. « Inolud3s astivities at Freemansburg and North Bethlehem. ' In.-ludsa activities at Custer City, Dagolia, Der- rick City, Gilm2r, and Lewis Run. • Includes activities at South Connellsville. » Includes activities at Big Run, Falls Creek, and Sandy Township. w Includes activities at Glendon, Redington,West Easton, Williains Township. »i Includes activities at Hazel Dell and "Wurtem- burg. 12 Includes activities at Lawrence Park and Wes- ley ville. " Includes activities at Cadogen and Manorville. !■• Includes activities at Ilazle Township. '5 Includes activities at Grapeville and Penn Manor. i» Includes activities at Inkerman. " Includes activities at Conemaugh, Dale, Fern- dale, and Franklin. 23 Table 24. — Fordgn-hom white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June ,30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns- Continued. [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom while males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- bom wliite. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners Candl- dates' wives Pennsylvania— Contd. Lansford 8, .321 9,288 19,240 5,316 42,694 3,154 3,099 1,254 344 12,631 1,833 1,646 750 209 6,551 325 645 205 67 2,548 240 92 26 6 10 10 10 2 23 14 Lebanon i 55 6 4 48 44 60 Maltby 1,244 11,775 7,598 17,532 4,241 .5,812 3,8t0 18,877 8,329 36, 280 7,707 27,875 1,353 11,324 4,338 1,549,008 533,905 2,592 6,223 4,583 18,713 2,954 1 71 8 1 5,475 1,487 4,927 072 1,107 853 7,187 8C5 8,620 2,376 4,015 3,210 795 2,727 328 5r3 376 3,923 482 4,707 1.389 1,691 462 272 1,286 270 219 117 1,935 148 1,326 227 477 30 14 62 Monongaliela City < Mount Carmel!' 9 209 110 18 17 13 3 16 3 48 19 59 35 54 3 16 18 25 38 12 1 1,664 442 3 19 23 19 5 23 4 New Castle 401 64 21 New Kensington 19 447 105 16 2 Old For^e 5, if 8 1,216 382,578 140,436 225 656 451 7,068 805 2,741 f56 167,072 70,148 101 201 184 3,942 396 897 325 69,415 28,797 82 136 118 a35 146 24 Philadelphia ' 14,906 12,295 4,490 3,626 1,396 508 1,686 Pittsburgh 461 Cratton 172 McKccs Rocks 14,702 1,045 96,071 6,4.55 6,346 129,867 19.588 15,270 3,634 19,973 9,462 7,414 3,134 9,060 5,133 8,533 1,959 13,344 11,080 4,715 955 67, 105 31,860 1,396 6,0C8 3,617 632 Reading 8,812 1,827 780 35,112 2,788 3,819 892 8,362 753 1,677 4E5 3,369 2,361 1,554 4,528 1,103 431 17,461 1,517 2,249 543 4,423 392 891 249 1,796 1,213 805 1,430 243 208 7,930 867 519 72 655 203 337 1 652 545 452 385 81 29 3 31 117 16 8 8 10 36 27 St Clair St. Marvs 120 1,643 i9 973 ' 'ihi' 17 1 158 12 3 South Bethlehem 12 1 2 10 2 BrackenrJdge Taylor Titusville 77 19 1 39 28 7 2 4 82 1 4 4 21 4 3 ■■"57' 4 2 Trafford City 1 Uniontown 1,447 2,035 1,556 717 951 802 243 583 282 1,157 77 379 37 29 2 4 Wheatland 1 16,078 ■i,332 7.899 1,153 3,754 723 2,449 53 926 24 76 Williamsport " 3 Woodlawn ' lacliidis activities at Liobanan Ind^panlont Bor- ough, North CoPQwall To.vaihip, South Lsbanoa, and West Lebanon. « Includes aitivMties at Dravosburg, Rlizabsth Township, Port Vu3, anl Vcfj.iilles. •Incluijs activities at Roitraver Township. *Incliil3s activities at Coirtn?y, Finleyville, Hazel Kirk, Milesville, Manowa Miaes, and Sunny Side. * Includes activities at Atlas, Diamondtown, Keiier, an 1 Kulpmont. « Includes activities at Moorwood and Standard. ' Inolud3S activities at Germantown. 8 Includes activities at Pittock and Stow Town- ship. ^ 9 Includes activities at Creighton, East Deer Township, Olassmere, and Hite. '» Includes activities at Newberry. 24 Table 24. — Foreign-horn white males of voting age, 1910, naturalization papers Jihdin fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or ix)wns — Continued . [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. • Total. Foreign- born white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Caadl- dates' wives. Bhode Island. Bristol 8,565 7,878 22,754 5,848 21,107 10, 107 9.8?5 27! 149 2,681 2,9ol 2.454 10,664 1,346 5.674 3,678 4,181 6,256 770 1,503 1,090 4,391 543 2,646 1,569 1,687 2,925 384 419 528 1,870 217 1,310 787 780 1,672 74 1 1 69 2 8 1 2 31 1 Burrillvi'le ' 1 Central Falls . . 58 2 91 247 20 2 7 2 Newport ^ 428 iii 42 27 Providence 224,326 15,808 5,935 6,585 8,696 38, 125 26,319 10,753 5,791 263 8,392 14,094 2,187 3,787 131, 105 110, 364 92, 104 36,981 78, 800 96,614 3,673 7,522 3,439 92,777 4,057 4,8&3 8,698 1,943 13,546 4,879 29, 494 67,452 127, 628 34,874 3,849 24,298 2,051 2,289 396 2,749 76,303 3,380 2,313 2,393 2, .347 16,539 446 1,865 822 32,863 1,595 981 1,011 9&5 6,540 227 897 498 12,988 681 379 383 410 2,300 103 509 216 5,955 1, 537 237 293 349 :::::::: 2 7 18 2 7 2 Westerly* 186 85 5 17 104 47 7 24 South Carolina. Columbia 12 107 41 2 22 10 1 South Dakoa. A berdeen 4 Huron 8 Lead '" 2,336 2,215 1,447 1,119 547 658 121 144 23 43 186 132 264 392 435 381 30 41 17 864 106 13 15 15 54 35 91 123 165 206 10 35 6 257 77 14 1 33 Sioux Falls 2 Vermilion Yankton 791 6,467 2,993 5, 219 6,164 6,318 17,407 329 1,518 725 19,035 1,303 996 1,103 355 3,403 1,436 2.811 3,503 3,466 7,354 156 656 394 8,675 703 503 470 248 1,664 951 1.501 1,962 1,754 3,114 98 399 307 4,335 236 219 365 10 44 3 7 35 21 21 1 31 6 19 37 31 2 Tennessee. Memphis 33 Nashville 3 Texas. Dallas 10 Galveston 12 Houston 29 San Antonio 27 Victoria trtah. Logan 1 Park City Salt Lake City 6 Murrav 44 67 60 Vermont. Bellows Falls 5 14 8 942 12 16 714 253 37 IJennington Bethel 1 2 1 Rutland 1,767 60 450 3,564 4,085 770 19 5,152 807 39 250 1,820 2,040 414 12 2,818 498 27 130 931 943 212 6 1,439 330 2 16 210 121 14 1 Virginia. Harrisonburg Lynchburg 5 77 12 7 7 20 13 8 3 Norfolk 20 Richmond n Roanoke ' 6 Salem Washington. Bellini;ham 167 60 52 5 6 36 15 41 Black Diamond ^ 13 Blaine 3 Burnett Cle Elum 1,145 705 207 163 56 3 3 1 Clipper ila^.lil).5 aiti/itiis at Ilirrisville, Mapleville, an:l MuDi/ille. 2 fnslalji iHiyiths at Ashtoa, Lonsdale, Man- vill?, an J s^alley Fills. " Includ3i a3tivities at Jamestown and Middle- town. ■• ln^liid3s astivities at Ashaway, Bradford, and Stonington. ^ In?lud3s activities at Central, TerraviUe, Terry, anJ Trojin. 6 Injlul.'s aotiviti?s at Midvale. ' laHudJs activities at Vmton and Virginia neiijhts. 8 Includes activities at Franklin. 25 '^''fiJ^nJ !^T^^'*!J^'^'"^.'''^''^ ""'^'* of voting age. 1910, naturalization papers fiUd in fctiuued! ' ' """^ ^^^es furnished, by States and citUor to^ [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Washington— Contd. Everett 1 Lvnden ' Olympia Renton '^ RoshTi < Seattle Spokane Tacoma Walla Walla 5 Wilkeson West Virginia. Charleston Clarksburg 8 Fairmont Huntington Jenkinjones Kevser Losan MorffantowTi ' Parkersburg 8 Piedmont ^'. Thomas 'o Weilsbureii '. Wheeling 12 Uenwood McMechen Wil'iamson Wisconsin. Appleton" , Ashland Barron Be'oitu Chippewa Falls ^■> ... Cold Spring Gudahv'o.; Eau Claire Fond dii Lao fimnd Rapids" Green Bay is De Fere Janesvilie Kenosha " I>a Crosse 20 Madison 21 Manitowoc Marinette Menasha. Population, 1910. Total. 24.814 1,148 6,996 2,740 3.1?6 237, 194 104,402 83, 743 19,364 899 22, 996 9,201 9,711 31,161 3,691 18,310 18, 797 6, £21 25,236 4,477 13,894 21,371 30,417 25,531 13,027 14,610 ^^ . , 6,081 Menomome 5,036 Mi. ford 3,705 1,640 9,150 17, 842 2,054 2,354 4,189 41,641 4,976 2,921 3,561 Ifi, 773 11,594 1,499 15, 125 8,893 Foreign- born white. 5,472 899 1,003 1,556 60,835 21,220 21, 463 2,361 Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county Julv 1, 1918, to Jtme 30, 1917. Total. 3,294 1,014 481 630 514 467 588 934 36, 097 12,389 12, 191 1,239 Natural- Decla- izcd. i ration.s. 1,673 130 1,113 560 262 5.418 1,846 213 227 3,257 3,475 543 256 370 304 567 278 122 2,679 1,124 105 147 1,573 1,864 293 301 16, 438 5,495 5,808 682 242 112 127 175 196 180 2,395 2,155 1,307 1,11s 1,684 4,245 3,062 1,152 4,056 942 1,997 7,642 6,043 4,174 2,534 4,027 1,420 1,258 901 2, 173 1,585 589 2,078 472 979 4,141 2,965 2, 105 1,258 2,059 661 640 55 1,413 1.59 35 16 1,287 1,299 237 "49 2,543 1,296 707 90 Peti- tions. Names furnished. De- clar- ants. 873 2?6 242 25 80 1.30 93 22 93 18 35 69 30 29 40 247 654 836 114 173 61 210 203 1,411 1,0.35 368 1,524 263 646 1,401 1,769 1,174 789 1,.544 257 421 57 399 120 194 18 Peti- tioners. Candl- dates' wives. 36 406 79 117 16 93 ■74 51 118 36 109 204 67 130 534 120 2:« 130 71 54 149 117 183 111 160 56 68 28 314 78 120 19 15 100 15 22 9 7 ) Includes activities at East Everett, Lowell, and Pmchurst. 2 Includes activities at Evcrson, Glendale, and Ten Mile. ' Includes activities at Earlington. * Includes activities at Beekinan, Mine 5, and Ronald. =■ Includes activities at College Place. 6 Includes activities at ^damston. Glen Falls, nepzibah, Meadowbrook, North View, Rcv-nolds- villp. Tin Plato, and Wilsonburj;. ' Includes activities at Sabraton and Westover. « Includes activities at Bclpre and South Side. » Includes activities at Bervl. •o Includes acti\ities at Ben Bush, Copeton, and Pearce. » Includes activities at Beech Bottom and Fol- lansbec. ' 12 Includes activities at Bridgeport, Elm Grove and Warwood. 13 Includes activities at Kaukauna, Kimberly.and Little Chute. " H Includes activities at Rockton, 111., and South Beloit, 111. 1^ Includes activities at Cornell and Irvinr. 16 Includes activities at Fernwood, St. Frauds and Stormy Hill. '■■ Includes activiiies at Bison Village, Port Ed- wards Village, Rudolph, Saratoga, Seneca, and Sieeel. '8 Includes activities at Duck Creek. " Includes activities at Pleasant Ferry and Somers. 2» Includes activities at La Crescent, Minn., Ona- lasla, and West Salem. 21 Includes activities at Burke, MacFarland, and Sun Prairie. 26 Table 24. — Foreign-born white males of voting age. 1910', naturalization papers filed in fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, and names furnished, by States and cities or towns— Continued. .i- [Figures not available where blanks occur.] State and city or town. Population, 1910. Foreign-bom white males of voting age, 1910. Naturalization papers filed in county July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917. Names furnished. Total. Foreign- bom white. Total. Natural- ized. Decla- rations. Peti- tions. De- clar- ants. Peti- tioners. Candt dates' wives. Wisconsin— Continued. Milwaukee i 373,857 3,346 5,731 111,456 681 1,313 56, 101 325 637 26,155 211 43S 3,824 1,223 831 540 542 4 9 1] 8 212 34 721 40 12 157 27 229 19 Oshkosh 33,0(i2 3,792 38,002 5,637 3,968 7,406 889 12,509 1,366 708 3,598 534 6,590 753 381 2,106 251 2,834 336 258 44 28 41 • I^ ort Washington Racine * 115 i' 87 1 1 . 89 1 2 Shobovean * 23,398 902 8,692 40,384 4,850 3,830 8,829 16,560 6,645 8,667 4,359 2,061 273 15 41 384 80 11 41 142 26 23 26 Shell Lake Stevens Point 1,712 13,772 836 1,158 1,949 3,918 2,420 856 8,201 461 631 914 1,920 1,491 516 3,735 117 438 608 1,310 386 2 29 4 8 66 i' 10 40 2 Washburn 96 135 157 55 250 117 7 12 2 20 5 West Allis ' 11 Wyoming. 32 3 1,892 319 843 8,237 975 4,256 8,408 26 88 21 23 19 123 13 139 21 31 7 8 12 29 8 57 30 125 i 1 1 Laram to 1,153 713 378 1 794 809 547 540 256 272 23 6 Total 32,984,575 8,528,196 4,013,125 1,774,947 395,682 112, 163 44,433 35,200 34, 457 EEC APIT UL ATION. United States proper Cities listed Balance 91,972,266 32,984,575 58,987,691 13,345,545 8,.528,196 4,817,349 8,646,817 4,013,125 2,633,692 3,034,117 1,774,947 1,259,190 437,338 395,682 41,686 131,982 112, 163 19, 819 44,433 35,200 34,457 ' Includes activities at East Milwaukee, town of Greenfield, and town of Lake. 2 Includes activities at Lake Side. 8 Includes activities at Cameron, Canton, and Haugen. * Includes activities at Howards Grove, Kohler, and Mosel. 6 Includes activities at Rothschild and Schofield. « Includes activities at West Milwaukee. 7 Includes activities at Elmo and Evansville. 8 Includes activities at Conroy, Diamond ville, Elkol, Frontier, Glencoe, Oakley, Quealey, and Sublet. 9 Includes activities at South Superior. Note. — The total population, 32,984,575, includes population of places shown in footnotes wherever uch figures are available. The accessions to the ranks of cities and towns cooperating through their school organizations show most interestingly the grow^th of this work during the year. While there were 1,754 cities, towns, and communities working with the bureau in this great national under- taking, there were 1,828 from whom favorable responses were received and in which steps leading to the organization of citizenship classes were initiated. From 74 of these places, however, the bureau received later advices showing that the original desires of the school authorities 27 could not be realized. These places have not been included in the list, and no reference will be made in this report to these communities, from whom next year unquestionably there will be a more substantial response. The bureau tnerefore is looking forward conservatively to the further expansion of its influence into these and other com- munities which as yet have not been reached. It firmly believes that the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, will witness the organiza- tion, and in stronger ties, of over 2,000 cities and communities for cooperation with the bureau in perfecting the citizenship-class organi- zations and their interrelation more completely with the vocational education work which is now in process of greater expansion under the recent act of Congress creating the Federal Board for Vocationa\ Education. In addition to sending the names of the candidates for citizenship to the public schools and personally addressed letters to over 114,000 of the candidates for naturalization, the bureau also furnished to all of these communities thousands of copies of the Outline Course in Citizenship, the naturalization forms, and the Syllabus of the Natural- ization Law. Rejoeated requests have been received by the bureau for additional copies of these official forms and the official publica- tions. Thousands of copies of the Proceedings of the First Citizen- ship Convention also have been distributed to the public schools. There has been an unusually heavy demand also for the bulletin of the bureau entitled "The Work of the Public Schools with the Bureau of Naturalization." Thousands of copies of the proceedings of the reception to newly naturalized citizens held at Philadelphia on May 10, 1915, have been called for by reason of the address con- tained therein of the President of the United States. This has been used as a basis for English teaching by the public-school authorities. In many communities it has not been possible to effect at once a reorganization of the public schools to provide citizenship classes. Many local conditions have operated to prevent the appropriation of funds, but notwithstanding tliis and in order to cooperate with the bureau and afford citizenship instruction to the candidates for naturalization, 900 communities out of the 1,754 have made arrange- ments with the schools in adjacent communities for their candidates for naturalization to attend the citizenship classes until such time as funds could be provided locally. Assurances have been received from many of these of their determination to secure an independent organization the coming year. The number coming into cooperation with the bureau each month during the past year is shown in the subjoined table. 28 Table 25. — Statement showing net increases, by months, in the number of cities, towns, and rural communities cooperating, directly or indirectly, with the bureau in its edu- cational work. Date. Places cooperating. Directly, Indirectly. Total Net increase. July 31,1916.. Aug. 31, 1916. Sept. 30, 1916. Oct. 31, 1916.. Nov. 30, 1916. Dec. 31, 1916. Jan. 31,1917.. Feb. 28, 1917. Mar. 31,1917. Apr. 30, 1917. May 31, 1917.. June 30, 1917. 547 547 587 631 697 747 785 816 844 836 836 854 Total increase. 66 66 67 73 94 107 109 614 790 873 873 900 613 613 654 704 791 854 894 1,430 1,634 1,709 1,709 1,754 41 50 87 63 45 531 201 75 45 1,141 Concurrently with this responsive support throughout the United States there has been a corresponding response received from the judiciary sitting in naturahzation cases. A striking evidence of this has been found in the number of petitions for naturahzation that have been continued by the courts during the past year instead of being denied on the ground of ignorance of our institutions of govern- ment, illiteracy, and other causes; while there are no exact figures available from preceding years to show the causes of continuances, the number during this year is known to be greater than heretofore. The increase in the number of petitions continued commenced in the year preceding, and because of the growth in this phase of natu- ralization work the records were prepared to make a report during the course of the year. The report shows that a total of 31,210 petitions were continued during the course of the year; 9,151 of these continuances were due to ignorance on the part of the applicants for naturalization of the responsibilities that attach to American citi- zenship or to ignorance of our institutions of government. Among these were many thousands who are included in the general grouping of illiterates whose petitions were not denied on the sole ground of illiteracy. There were refusals to admit 559 on this latter^ ground. In the preceding year 11,925 petitions were dismissed, while during the year under review 9,544 were similarly acted upon, being a reduction of 2,383, or 20 per cent. The number of petitions dis- missed on account of ignorance of our institutions of government, including illiteracy, was less during the past year than in the year 1916, which undoubtedly was caused by the large number of petitions continued for further preparation in the public school by the appli- cants for the responsibilities of citizenship. In other respects there has been extensive cooperation offered by the commercial organizations throughout the country. They havo initiated and supported local movements of various kinds to stimulate the interest of the foreigners in the citizenship classes and have sup- ported movements initiated by the school authorities having for their purpose the inclusion in the budgets of provision for the inau- guration of night classes where there was no provision made or for enlarging the funds where the work already had been established. 20 In 117 cities and towns mass meetings were held, some at the instance of the Bureau of Naturalization and others because of the reaction resulting from the awakening of the sense of civic responsi- bility in the minds of the leading members of the communities. From these meetings many invaluable methods of closer coopera- tion resulted. New ideas were injected into the local activities. Plans of far-reaching and practical effect were evolved. Proposals were received by the bureau urging greater activities in the coal- mining districts; financial aid from Federal or State Governments to provide payment for the teachers engaged in the night class work; the need for some defined textbook on citizenship instruction, and appeals for such a textbook to be furnished by the Bureau of Natu- ralization; means to educate the foreign women, especially those who are held in their homes by reason of domestic duties and on account of their children. Meetings were held of representatives of all nationalities, typical among which and of the method pursued is that in the city of Syracuse, N. Y. The chamber of commerce of that city held a meeting com- prising delegates from foreign societies representing 56 different and distinct organizations and nationalities in that city, and attended also by the Representative in Congress and the mayor of the city. Circulars were printed and members of the chamber of commerce formed themselves into committees to arouse the American citizens as well as the foreign-born residents to the importance of the activity, and as a result a large increase in the attendance upon the citizenship classes directly followed. Mass meetings were held in the following cities and towns: Alabama: Birmingham. California: Los Angeles. OaHand. Pasadeni. San Uiego. San Joso. Illinois: Aurora. Belleville. Benton. Buclner. Chicago. Chicago Heights. Christopher. Geneva. Johnston City. Joliet. La Salle. Marion. MoLno. Pana. Peru. Rock Island. Spring Valley. Streator. Taylorville. WauVegan. West Frankfort. Indiana: East Chicago. Gary. Hammond. Indianapolis. Mishawaka. Indiana — Continued. South Bend. Vincennos. Whiting. Iowa: Albia. Cedar Falls. Bella. Rock Rapids. Siou.x City. Kentucky: Louisville. Louisiana: Amite. Hammond. Independence. Massachusetts: Cambridge. Fitchburg. Westfleld. Michigan: Ann Arbor. Bay City. Benton Harbor. Detroit. Flint. Grand Rapids. Kfilrimazoo. Lan.sing. MusVegon. Saginaw. Stambaugh. Minnesota: Duluth. Minnoaprlis. New Dulhtu. Minnesota — Continuea. St. Paul. Virginia. West Duluth. Missouri: Kansas City. St. Joseph. Nebraska: David City. Elyria. Lincoln. Norfolk. Omaha. Wahoo. Wilber. Wymore. New Jersey: Newark. New York: Albany. Auburn. Carthage. Cohoes. Ithaca. Jamestown. Mount Vernon. Rochester. Schenectady. Troy. YoiiVers. North Dakota: Washburn. Ohio: Ashtabula. Massillon. Steubenville. Oklahoma: Coalgate. Muskogee. Wilburton. Oregon: Astoria. Portland. Pennsylvania: Braddock. Erie. McKees Rocks. Pittsburgh. Pre.sston. Scranton. Vanderprift. Williamsport. Wilmerding. South Dakota: Aberdeen. Utah: Park City. Salt Lake City. Washington: Seattle. Wisconsin: Aubrey. Kenosha. I a Crosse. Madison. Milwaukee. Oshkosh. Racine. Sheboygan. These mass meetings have aroused a greater interest in naturali- zation proceedings than ever before. The hearings have become more formal. The proceedings of the renunciation of allegiance and 30 the investing of the new allegiance have become surrounded by an atmosphere of dignity and solemnity which is a radical departure from the hurly-burly, lack of dignity, and complete informahty sur- rounding naturahzation activities in the courts prior to Federal supervision. In all these places practical results are uniformly reported. Almost invariably citizenship classes were organized as a direct result of these mass meetings. Enrollments were made ranging in numbers from 10 or 15, or even less, up to as many hundred. Increases invariably resulted of large percentages over the preceding attend- ance, and a great awakening of the civic conscience throughout the entire country in aU matters relating to the naturalization of aliens was effected. Ahens were inspired to apply for citizenship by making their declarations of intention or taking final action looking to their admission. In many instances reports show that while the attend- ance was increased immediately following the mass meetings, it con- tinued to grow, and the influence of the meeting was felt .in this way for many weeks. At different times during the early portion of the year letters were written to the governors of the States of North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and New Mexico calling their attention to the citizenship work of the bureau with the pubUc schools throughout the country and to the fact that the laws of their States prohibited the use of public- school funds for the education of adults. It recommended that legis- lation be enacted in those States to supersede those laws. As a concrete evidence of the support which these State executives felt this national citizenship work should be given, they urged such legis- lation upon the lawmaking bodies of their respective States. In North Dakota the State legislature passed an act authorizing the establishment of night schools for adult foreigners and provided a specific appropriation of $7,000 to meet the expenses. This was approved by the governor on March 10, 1917. On April 17, 1917, the legislature of Minnesota passed an act, signed on the following day by the governor, for the same purpose and authorizing an expenditure of $25,000 therefor. On March 24, 1917, the legislature of the State of Iowa enacted a law to provide for the compulsory installation of a course of instruc- tion in the night schools upon the petition of 10 or more adults. In New Mexico, on March 13, 1917, a substantially similar provision was made. The bureau feels that these States are to be congratulated upon having such action taken by their legislatures; and it looks upon these acts as a great forward step toward a uniform movement throughout the United States upon the part of the pubhc schools to provide the means whereby the candidates for American citizenship may secure that aid in their progress toward their goal which the public schools should offer. Throughout the United States there is a greater demand in evidence for the inauguration of this work than can be met with the funds available. In nearly every community with which the bureau has communicated there has been the uniform response of immediate cooperation. Volunteer workers are solicited by the school authori- ties from among the ranks of the school-teachers and from among the patriotic citizens. In some places classes have been organized 31 where only one candidate has presented himself. Such commence- ments have steadfastly persisted, and such interest has followed that the membership of the classes has increased steadily. The school authorities urge a more active interest on the part of the employers of labor. They have appealed to them to urge their employees of foreign birth, and of native origin as well, to appreciate the advantages that will follow the attendance upon the courses of instruction which have been organized. The members of the field personnel of the bureau also, in carrjnng on the work of examining candidates for citizenship, largely between trains and in evening hours and at other times as well, have interviewed the school authorities, commercial bodies, chambers of commerce, boards of trade, and others and have aroused interest in the communities. By this activity they have brought about the organization of citizenship classes for the candidate for naturalization in hundreds of communities. In all of these places where the organization of citizenship classes has been proposed the very fact that an association between the Federal Government and the local city, town, or village school will be effected has stimulated a new interest and led to the organization of the public schools into Americanizing centers. From all over the United States requests continue to come to the bureau in its correspondence and through its field force for it to lend its aid in every possible manner. In some instances these requests have been to furnish funds to make it possible to equip the local school organizations. This, of coui"se, has not been contemplated by the bu- reau in its activities and is only referred to here as showing the extent to which Government support is desired. Insistent and repeated caUs have come to the bureau for furnishing the textbook which has been in the course of preparation from the material furnished the bureau by the public schools. This book has been authorized for publication as an appendix to the Proceedings of the First Citizenship Conven- tion, on which occasion the subject matter then prepared was fully discussed. Through such a book the public-school attendance un- doubtedly will be increased both in numbers and in regularit}^. The candidates for citizenship in larger numbers will be brought to these citizenship classes and their attendance and interest retained untU acquisition of the knowledge which the course contemplates. Through the efforts of the citizens of these various communities the aid of patriotic, social, and religious bodies has been enlisted and their active interest and participation secured in this institution of Americanization now almost completely established. Closer relationship is being built up between the Bureau of Natu- ralization and the various State librarians and librarians in the pubhc libraries of many municipahties throughout the United States. Especially from among the mming districts have come the strongest appeals to the bureau for the organization of these citizen- ship classes. One of the greatest difficulties in these localities has been the lack of funds for carrying on the work. As evidence of the cordial and hearty support industrial leaders are ^ving the citizenship classes, many of them are allottinor certain hours on specified days when their workmen will be privileged to attend the classrooms. Others are paying for the time spent by the workmen in the classrooms, these payments being made upon the reports of the teachers. 32 In tlie last annual report reference was made to the fact that knowledge of different languages is wholly unnecessary in teaching the foreigners our institutions of government. The baneful influences of the introduction of foreign languages has only too clearly been demonstrated by the dominant forces of foreign influence, particu- larly the Prussian, which have been disclosed by the events of the great war into which this Nation has been plunged. No foreign stu- dent desires to have the foreign influence in the American citizenship classes. Some of them undoubtedly have been deterred from entering these classes through diffidence, timidity, and backwardness causccl by the lack on their part of th6 knowledge of English. This has led to expressions of desire for one of their nationality as a teacher. As these classes have grown in their practical value the illiterate body has progressed beyond that primitive stage. At the present time the most that is desired is an introduction or presentation to the classes. This still causes a leaning toward one of their own people. The classes now being recruited from the ranks of aU nationalities are having accessions through the influence of the student body. No longer do the aliens care for their own people as instructors. They have gone to the other position of pref errmg American teachers only. It is impossible to avoid mixed nationalities in classes as a general condition. It is the exception, though in some classes but one nationality is found. Where the classes are mixed, as in most of the instances, the national prejudices at once express the desire for an American teacher. So strongly has this been felt that classes have diminished in attendance under the tutelage of foreign instruct- ors, only to expand and increase in attendance upon supplying native teachers. The common bond of a common tongue, and that our tongue, is the tie that strongest binds. Many most encouraging reports have been received from various parts of the country of the enthusiasm of the cities and communi- ties, and of the eagerness of the alien adults and the efforts to satisfy the desire that is latent in all aliens for American citizenship. School authorities of the leading cities of the United States have stated to members of the bureau that after years of experience, study, and effort they have been unable to develop a system or plan which will serve as a real interest to the alien. To all of these the bureau unhesitatingly offers the solution. Every alien coming to the United States is lured here by the thought of the American freedom and liberty. This thought may or may not be the upper- most one in his mind. He may be drawn to these shores by induce- ments, real or false, but back of it aU is the hope that at some time he may become, or his children may become, a part of the citizenry of this country. The task for the schools, therefore, is to develop that latent desire; give it the means for growing and maturing. American citizenship, presented through the medium of the American public-school teacher, will hold the attendance of all aliens enrolling and will induce others to enroll. Of necessity with the development of this American spirit must go hand in hand the means for his material development. The better job than the one he has is the goal primarily of each alien. It is tile object that is most insistently holding itself before him. No illiterate can be trained or developed to the stature of eligibility 33 to American citizenship without the concurrent development of his capacity to acquire the better job. Citizenship instruction must be accompanied by vocational instruc- tion. While the States are availing themselves of the funds pro- vided by the Federal Goverment lor vocational education, their efforts will not be properly complete without building up the strongest alliance between citizenship preparation and vocational preparation. With the millions that have been made available by Congi-ess for the several States in the development of the vocational preparation, the student body presenting itself for vocational instruction should have included in the curriculum the citizenship instruction which is being developed by the national cooperative unity of the State public schools and the Federal Goverment tlu'ough this bureau. In the last annual report the Executive recognition which this work had previously received by the attendance of the President at the reception to newly naturalized citizens held in Philadelphia at the instance of the bureau on May 10, 1915, was referred to. Again this recognition by the President was given by his attendance at the first citizenship convention, held by the bureau in the city of Washington in July, 1916. This convention held sessions from the 10th to the 15th of July, inclusive. On Thm'sday, the 13th, the President of the United States delivered a memorable address to those in attendance at the convention. In the course t)f his remarks the President said: I have come here for the very simple purpose of expressing my very deep interest in what these conferences are intended to attain. It is not fair to the great multitudes of hopeful men and women who press into this country from other countries that we should leave them without that friendly and intimate instruction which will enable them very soon after they come to find out what America is like at heart and what America is intended for among the nations of the world. * * * So my interest in this movement is as much an interest in ourselves as in those whom we are trying to Americanize, because if we are genuine Americans they can not avoid the infection. * * * A few reports are here given, selected at random from among the hundreds received in the bureau, to show the spirit and accomphsh- ment of those cooperating in this great Americanization: In Lexington, Mass., with the opening of the school year a class of 18 illiterate adult foreigners was organized. These aliens were taught to read and wi-ite and at the same time were started on the road to citizenship through the elements of civil government. At Pella, Iowa, the superintendent of schools reported that 30 adults responded to the opportunity for a class, and upon securing the services of a teacher the organization was effected. In the small town of Roslyn, Wash., the night schools for aliens secured an enrollment of 170. The night schools for foreigners in St. Louis were inaugurated upon the entire-year-around basis. The Itahan Civic League of Tangipahoa Parish, La., urges the formation of citizenship classes and states that there are more than a thousand industrious Italians in that parish and that it is an injustice to them and to the United States not to give them the opportunity and facilities for becoming American citizens. In Salt Lake City the Daughters of the i^nerican Revolution have organized a systematic visiting of the homes of the candidates for citizenship anci urge those who are in need of instruction to attend the pubhc night schools for adult foreigners. 34 From Albany, N. Y., comes the report by the superintendent of schools showmg that rallies have become an established iristitiition in the schools of that city. The most recent ones were one for Jewish girls, one for Italian men and women, and a general mass meeting. The superintendent reports: "They are so thoroughly a part of our school system that they are hardly worthy of comment." From Caney, Kans., the superintendent of schools reports an enrollment of 86 members and the continuance of the schools through the summer for 12 weeks, both day and night, with an enrollment of 103. The chamber of commerce of Hammond, Ind., advises the bureau that more than 1,000, the largest portion of whom were adults and a large percentage of them of foreign birth, were attending the night schools and studying E]:!glish and the history of our country; that the schools are doing a great work along the lines suggested by the Bureau of Naturalization ; and that the work is of the character very much needed in the community. The principal of the Illinois Avenue School, of Atlantic City, N. J., reports nearly 200 foreigners in attendance at the night schools, with hundreds of others throughout the city whom they are constantly trying to reach and induce to attend. He states: "Those whose names are furnished to us by your department are easy to get in touch with, but many others who have never applied for fu'st papers are the bigger problem." From Telluride, Colo., the report shows the organization of a citi- zenship class with 85 enrolled and prospects of increased attendance as the sessions continue. In Erie, Pa., the schools for foreign-born women were started with an attendance of approximately 75, confuied wholly to Italians. This is an unusual development of tliis work, as the Italians are loath to have their wives and sisters attend night classes. Nurseries in which the mothers leave their children while they attend the classes are provided hj the board of education of Erie, with the v.^omen's clubs cooperating. Volunteers from among the Italian girls have come forward to care for the little children placed in the nurseries. Members of the women's clubs supervise the nurseries, and the super- intendent of schools li-eports this arrangement to be successfully in operation. This departure is new and plans are in store for including foreign-born women of other nationalities in this educational system. A report from the Civic Education Association of Erie County, N. Y., shows a campaign of publicity commencing on December 11, 1916, and continuing until Christmas Day. This campaign con- sisted in printing large column advertisements, with sample lessons, in the daily newspapers in Buffalo city and the appointment of a committee of 50 leading citizens by the mayor to formulate an Americanization policy. The director oi evening schools in Cambridge, Mass., states: "We have received the cards sent from your office, which give the helpful information about the Cambridge residents who have taken out their first papers. Each one of these people receives a personal note, advising them in regard to the educational opportunities offered and encouraging them to attend a certain evening school which is most convenient to their homes. We appreciate the splendid help received from your Bureau of Naturahzation." 35 From Waterloo, Iowa, the report shows the teachers are enthusi- astic over this Americanization work and they say: "It is pathetic to see the eagerness with which the students apply themselves." The report from the superintendent of schools at St. Marys, Pa., says: "I beg to advise you that we opened our night schools on November 17, and the success with which we have met is absolutely astonishing. I never undertook any work in my life that has pro- duced such satisfactory and gratifying results. Personally it is especially gratifying to me for the reason that the members of our board were somewhat in doubt regarding the advisability of the plan on the start. Being quite active in the management of the school myself, I have explained to the boys that on attaining a cer- tain degree of proficiency I shall permit them to apply for their first papers. They look upon this as a diploma or certificate of progress, and the way they dig in to earn it is astonishing." This report is most remarkable in the spirit manifested by the superintendent of these schools. He has a mil grasp of and insight into the work before liim. To place the declaration of intention be- fore the aliens in the public schools as a prize — as a badge of honor and distinction and reward for proficiency — is a new thought. If this same idea has been adopted by other public-school superintendents, it has not come to the attention of the bureau. It is not intended to in- dicate that other superintendents or teachers have not had this high conception of opportunity, but this report is the first to be re- ceived. The report was written after the night schools had been in operation for more than a month. The mayor of Montclair, N. J., reports that the night schools of that city are reaching a large number of adult foreigners and accom- plishing splendid results in their behalf. In the common pleas court of Cambria County, Pa., at one hearing the court continued 100 petitioners out of 250 applicants for naturali- zation until they could become better acquainted with the "American language." This action followed the organization of citizenship classes in Johnstown, at which place most of these candidates for naturalization live. This is but one of the many evidences of the coordinate action that is extending throughout the country in the judicial support of tliis Americanization work. From Council Bluffs, Iowa, the superintendent of schools reported the organization of a class with 40 students and expressed every assurance that there would be a larger attendance due to the activi- ties of prominent ladies of Council Bluffs who were making a house- to-house canvass of the alien residents of that city. This work was undertaken without funds being provided in advance, and he re- ported this as the oiily problem, with no danger of this Americaniza- tion work being discontinued. From Galveston, Tex., the report comes not from the superintend- ent of schools or those in the school work, but from an alien. His report, bearing date of November 29, 1916, is as follows: As a foreigner, arriving in the United States oi' America from Barcelona, Spain, barely five months ago, with practically no knowledge of the English language, I take this means of expressing my boundless gratitude and admiration for the Ball High School night course of English for adult foreigners. Beginning my serious study at the time these classes were inaugurated, in the early part of this month, I have found myself making wonderful progress in English. Our teacher, Miss Alice Block, certainly takes great interest in instructing her pupils, not 36 alone in the great American language but also in the laws, the Constitution, and the history of America, manifesting clearly her great aptitude as an instructor skillful in the art of making her lesson interesting to her pupils — so different from the apathy dis- played by professors in certain other countries who are content to impart a mere smattering I will be glad and thankful if you will publish these few lines, publicly testifying to the efficiency of these courses for foreigners and to my homage and thankfulness toward the good people who instituted them, for they are indeed a boon to the earnest foreigner who desires to become Americanized. The report from South Bend, Ind., shows the organization of a class of 75 as a result of a mass meeting at which about 250 were present. The evidence of the hearty support given to this Americanization work by the individual American citizen is shown hj the report from the chief examiner in whose district is located Atchison, Kans. The superintendent of night schools at that place is reported by the chief examiner to have organized an evening school in citizenship and enrolled approximately 20 aliens. One evening in the heat of last summer, when the thermometer stood at 100°, the superintendent of schools walked about 3 miles along the railroad track to the round- house for the sole purpose of bringing to an Italian section hand the benefits to be derived by attendance upon the citizenship class. The superintendent of the Milwaukee public schools reported as follows in January: Permit me at this time to express to you my appreciation of the cooperation which has been extended by your bureau to the extension department of the Milwaukee public schools in making the evening schools of Milwaukee a success. To me the evening schools have always been the weakest link in our educational systems. Persons who wished to attend were welcomed, but no concerted effort had ever been made to invite or attract them to the schools. Your bureau through its cards and circular letters has opened up a new field for us in Milwaukee, which we have been able to work with marked success. We are putting forth special effort to make our citizenship classes a success. I have been pleased at the willingness of your staff to assist us by giving valuable suggestions as well as material assistance. These new activities of your bureau have done much to promote the evening schools of our city. The superintendent of public instruction of Wyoming reports that: Although Wyoming is far removed from the Atlantic seaboard, where the great mass of foreigners first come to the United States, there are a surprisingly large number of aliens in some of the coal mining and other districts in the State. This fact brings to us the problem of preparing for effective and intelligent citizenship the foreigner who applies for natm-alization. The State department of education has, during the past two years, in several needed localities, encouraged the establishment of classes for these new Americans. Courses have been organized at Rock Springs, Kemmerer, Superior, Cheyenne, and Sum-ise, chiefly through the efforts of the public-school officers in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Naturalization. Much help has been given by the chief of the Denver district, Mr. Paul Lee Ellerbee, and his assistants. But the undertaking so far has been less far-reaching than it should be. If we are to continue to admit the foreigner to citizenship we should provide for his instruction. Much of this can be done by the use of the public-school plant, and this use should be encouraged wherever it is needed. The director of vocational education at Vincennes, Ind., reported gratification at the cooperation which this bureau offered to him along educational lines; that he has organized a class for foreigners with an attendance of 14. The superintendent of public schools at Richmond, Va., states: "I have examined your Outline Course in Citizenship and believe that 37 you are approaching in exactly the right way the work that we should give to foreigners applying for citizenship." In February the report from Lincoln, Nebr., showed 600 students in the evening classes, of whom 400 had made sufficient progress to be placed in the citizenship classes. At Greeley, Colo., the sessions of the night citizenship class are frequently attended by the district judges who sit in naturalization cases. The citizenship class work, because of its interesting charac- ter and the practical results attained, has aroused enthusiastic interest and support throughout the county in which Greeley is located. The school board of the independent school district of Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, Iowa, passed the following resolution: 1. That the night school conducted by the night school department of the Cedar Falls Woman's Club and which has been in operation throughout the winter months for three years is a subsisting and permanent success, having taught great numbers of naturalized foreigners in our midst in all the common branches, also bookkeeping, typewriting, and shorthand. 2. That a continuance of said night school will operate to raise the standard of living of the foreigners in our city, will make them better citizens and of greater use in the community. Wherefore, we heartily indorse this movement on the part of the night school department of the Cedar Falls Woman's Club and recommend that the Bureau of Naturalization cooperate with them and extend to them any assistance within its power. One superintendent of schools strongly presents the situation in the following language in a communication received from him : I think that in order to get the best results in naturalization the whole subject will have to be taken out of the hands of local courts and that your bureau or some similar organization will have to have the final word. There are ignorant though clever foreigners in this community who are exploiting their fellow foreigners by promising to fit them for naturalization. They have the candidate learn by rote a catechism of questions. If rumor be true, they claim to have a pull with the natural- ization authorities, and there is no doubt that they are charging well for this assumed sersdce. As it is, naturalization is entirely at the beck and whim of the local judges. In a good many cases there is no doubt that it is used as a vote-getting proposition. I do not know that our night school efforts are of much value in the direction of preparing citizens, because intelligence is not now the prime requisite in securing naturalization papers. I doubt if it ever has been. Taking the county as a whole, it is my opinion that little of substance is required ; that almost anybody can be natural- ized if he gets the proper people interested in his case. This is a situation against which the bureau has been contending with increasing success — but in some localities with relatively slow progress — ever since Federal supervision was authorized. It is steadily making inroads against this class of grafters in plying their nefarious trade and has had the satisfaction of driving^ many of them out of their chosen vocation during the past year. They are plying an insidious calling, however, and their methods are covertly carried on, but they can not continue to exist much longer. The cause of the Bureau' of Naturalization is a righteous one and theirs is not. Thev must give way to the enlightenment of intelligence and the higher ideals. State superintendent of North Dakota: ''I wish to assure you that the State department wiU cooperate with you in every particular in all things vou undertake for the betterment of citizenship among the people of this State. I most heartily approve of the movement and shall give it my unqualified support." 38 The Rainier Chapter of the Daughters of. the American Revolution, in Seattle, adopted the following resolution: Now therefore be it resolved, That Raiiaier Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, of the city of Seattle, hereby commend the public-school authorities of the city of Seattle and the Bureau of Natiu-alization for the work already accomplished, and approA^e the plan of the Brn-eau of Naturalization herein set forth, and uige upon the members of this chapter that they assist in every way possible this great educa- tional work and lend their individual and collective influence in causing attendance upon these night schools on the part of these aliens seeking the high privilege of American citizenship. The message of the governor of the State of Minnesota forwarded to the State legislature in 1917 contained the following: We have within om- borders a people who desire education. We fully realize that without our schools the loyalty of to-day to our State and to American institutions would be impossible. There are those who may believe it desirable to change the amounts of money appropriated to particular departments or branches of our educa- tional system, giving more to some and less to others. There are citizens who, on account of the situation in some portions of the State, wisely advocate the establish- ment of more night schools for the purpose of giving adults, especially those of foreign descent, an opportunity to acquii'e at least an elementary education, to learn more of American institutions, and thxis become more familiar with the purposes and ideals of American citizenship. The director of foreign work and principal of the Central Night School in Birmingham, Ala., expresses the belief that '' through the cooperation of the Bureau of Naturalization and its representatives we hope to do more effective work with the foreign people of the Birmingham district." The superintendent of schools at Altoona, Pa., reports: . About 75 members of our classes in American citizenship were em'olled last term. The remainder, 125, are new enrollments this" term. We enroll new students in these classes almost every oA^ening. We have one of our strongest elementary teachers employed to give special indi^ddual instruction to the beginners. Just last week we enrolled two who were unable to r^ad or write a word of English. By giving them special individual help they are rapidly acquiring an English vocabulary and will soon be able to go along with the rest of the class. Recently the Pennsylvania Rail- road Co. brought a number of Mexicans to Altoona to assist in railroad work. We are enrolling many of these Mexicans and have inaugurated a plan by which we expect to secure the attendance of all of them at our night school. We believe a good solution of the Mexican problem is to give large numbers of these Mexican laborers employment in oiu* American cities and then secure their attendance at our evening schools and teach them the things they need to know to become good citizens. We find these Mexicans who are attending our night school here in Altoona a splendid set of fellows. Many of them are anxious to learn the English language and apply themselves dili- gently. If we can keep them here for several years and thoroughly Americanize them and then send them back to Mexico the Mexican problem will be solved. The superintendent of schools at Superior, Wyo., reports that the evening school for adult aliens has proved to be very interesting and a very useful field of work; that much good could be done by having classes for the adult citizens, and that the pupils have made excellent progress in their classes and show a better attitude toward the Government the better they understand it. The superintendent of schools at Paterson, N. J., has reported 19 classes of aliens in the schools under his supervision, with an average nightly attendance of 425, and that as satisfactory results are being obtained as could be expected. The first term of the school year, commencing October, 1916, showed an enrollment of 423 aliens in the adult night classes at Ithaca, N. Y., with an enrollment later reported as approximating 39 500 for the second term, in January. Most interesting and elaborate exercises characterized the closing of each term, together with the presentation of a certificate of efhciency. By these and other interesting activities on the part of the school authorities many of the aliens have been held to the classes and completed the full course while some have completed their preparations to enter college. The teacher of the class of 35 in citizenship in the Fourteenth Street School of Los Angeles, Cal., after requesting the continuance of the cards of the resident candidates for citizenship, urged the furnishing of the textbook and all of the naturaUzation forms, in- cluding the Outline Course in Citizenship, stating that the Outline Course gives information regarding citizenship that has been of invaluable assistance and urging that further helj) be furnished by the bureau. The superintendent of schools of Lincoln, Nebr., reported through the naturahzation field ofhcers an attendance of 600 foreign-born persons in his evening classes, with 84 in the citizenship class; that the number in the latter class is increasing constantly; and that his classes arc conducted in conformity with the plan suggested in the Outline Course in Citizenship. United States District Judge Jacob Trieber has volunteered his services as an instructor in the night schools at Little Rock, Ark., in connection with any citizenship classes that might be established there by the public schools. Tliis patriotic announcement by a United States district judge, and one who has taken such an active interest in naturalization in the past, is one of the many signs of hope for the full Americanization of all of the candidates for naturalization and inspires a greater love and closer sense of oneness in the minds of the aliens who live in our midst and of our American citizens as well. The principal of schools at Mount Pleasant, Pa., made the following report: You may be interested to know that eight men of our night schools went before the examiner "this week, and all passed and were complimented for the thoroughness of their preparation. The men were so very much pleased that they went direct to the bank where llr. Hays, their teacher, is employed during the day, and held a genuine Italian-Austrian jollification party. I believe their success will be a great thing for our school, whicli already has surpassed anything in education I ever knew before. The men say they mean to remain in the schools until they close in order to learn more. The superintendent of schools of Sheridan County, N. Dak., con- ducted two rural free night schools during the winter, one a few miles from Anamoose and the other at Goodrich. There were 5 or 6 in attendance at Anamoose and 20 at Goodrich. This is most patriotic work, and under the conditions normally prevaihng in the Northwest such patriotic work can be carried on only under the most rigorous winter conditions. Tlie superintendent of schools at Telluride, Colo., expresses the belief that the schools of the Nation are doing a valuable service for the foreigner since the citizenship movement has been taken over by the Bureau of Naturalization. In Elmira, N. Y., the superintendent of schools reports an average attendance of not less than 15 upon the citizenship class and that the students display great interest m their studies. The superintendent states that ho has made excellent use of the cards containing the names 40 of the candidates for citizenship sent to him by the bureau and urges their continuance. The presiding judge at the naturaUzation hearing in Elmira on April 20, 1917, pronounced the applicants who were admitted by him that day the best prepared candidates he had ever met, and attributed this result to the excellent work in the citizen- ship class. A citizenship class was started with the opening of the school year by the superintendent of schools at Somerset, Colo. The enrollment consisted of coal miners — 10 Austrians, 9 Italians, and 6 Finlanders, all of whom are now applying themselves intensely to the instruction and have expressed strong desires to become citizens. They are taught reading, writing, spelling, civics, and some geography and history. The superintendent reports that all the residents of the town tmnk the school is an excellent undertaking, and they intend to have the work continued. The citizens of the town expressed through the superin- tendent of schools great appreciation of the cooperation of the Bureau of Naturalization, and he reports that the students are all anxious to get their naturalization papers. From San Jose^ Cal., the superintendent of schools reports an attendance of 335 foreigners in the citizenship classes. The first graduation class consisted of 10, all of whom secured their admission to citizenship after having taken a full year's course of instruction in the schools. He expresses the belief that there will be an attendance of 1,000 at these classes during the next year. In Racine, Wis., the continuation schools are working in coopera- tion with this bureau and conducting citizenship classes throughout the entire year. The classes have been organized with a view to graduating the candidates a week before their admission to citizen- ship by the court. In Altoona, Pa., the citizensliip class attained an enrollment of 200 in its elementary and advanced classes. Italy, Germany, Austria, Russia, Switzerland, Greece, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Syria, and Mexico were the nations represented by the adult aliens. The majority of the membership of the classes were unable to read or write a word of English when they entered the classes. Before the end of February they had learned to read and write English at least fairly well. The evening was divided into two periods, so as to accommodate those who could not arrive at the time the first period commenced. The work of the regular night school instructors was supplemented by addresses on various phases of American citizen- ship delivered by representative citizens. In all of these classes the almost invariable report was a quickening of the desire on the part of the alien student body and of the candidates for citizenship for naturalization. The usual number of letters of gratitude to the bureau have been received, and among them is quoted the follo"vvang: I have received your letter to send me to school and become a better citizen and get a better job with thanks in the best way that I could thank you. I'm a fellow that does not drink or smoke and always led a clean life. My great object was some day to become a cop on the police force, but now that this country is at war, why I have enlisted in the 12 N. Y. Infantry N. G. I was up there as soon as war was declared against Germany and was told to come April 9 ; and I was there at the time told to come and passed the doctor examination, and now I'm in the Federal service of " Uncle Sam." But if I ever come back from the war, you will be the first one that I'll write to send me to some school where I can learn a proper education. 41 The letter, just received from your office, concerning the United States citizenship, as well as the sincerity from this noble Government of the United States toward ita applicants for citizens, is more than a pleasure to me. Whether it is this office's duty to send such letter to every applicant for citizen or otherwise, it is of no my scheme to question about; but I do take this as a chance to express my highest regard for the country and Government best under the sun. The above expression may sound as an old common phrase on one's lips but please, whoever may it concern, be far from thinking so; for, so far as it concerns me, I do speak by this conviction, not the lips. If I but could be in position which would enable me to teach what America "not materially but psychologically" mean to-day for whole the world, and how the whole world Vould look to-day if there was not America, then there would be no one who would deny the words above. Once, some time ago, walking with a would-be friend, an American, I have been asked how do I like this country? I say I think I can not like it—— He, not expect- ing such an answer, suddenly pushed me with his shoulder, and with a sign on his face of being ashamed to haA'e me as a partner in walking who say he does not like this country. I then, taming his nerves, asked him why do you not ask me why I do say so, in same time explaining him my meaning; I say I think I would commit an offense toward this country should I say not I love it instead of do like. And to-day the more I say I can not merely like it, for the live pictures of Washing- ton and Lincoln would be abused at such a word. If I say I like it only, I would do abuse to the man of to-day who recently spoke out the world this thr^e words : Peace without victory. Among other inquires there is a question in the application for United States citizen- ship which says: t^Tiy do you intend to be a citizen of the United States? To that question there ought to be no other answer from every one intending to be United States citizen than this: Because I am ashamed to live in a country like this without being not its citizen. As illustrative of the individual interest manifested by aliens, the follo\\"ing letters will show their activity, A newly naturalized citizen in Scammon, Kans., circulated a petition and secured the proper number of signatures to justify the school board in opening a citizenship class at night. The action of this individual was brought to the attention of the chief naturalization examiner, wlio wrote him a letter of inquiry. The followi]ig is his response.: Please excuse me for that I did not answer you so long on letter you Avrote to me on date November 2. As I wrote to you last time, we going start that night school about October 1. We did start. First week they attend that night school good : sometimes is come from 14 to 17 men. Now they all droped off but us 6. T am going try get some more so that we going keep up. Inclosed please find piece paper with names them men who's attending night school yet. I thanking you: I gladly given you any information you desire from me about that night school. In April a second communication was received from him, which is as follows: As I wrote to you on November, 1916, that I am going get some more men to night school in Skidmore, Kans., so that we gon keep up the night school till May this year. I was geton two more; one is come once, the other twice. Month of February school board is close down, because was not us enough. We still gon in school once in the week. Mr. — is so kind, he coming teach us once a wek without getting eny pay. The followijig resolution, which was passed b}^ the student body of the r.ight school at Norwich, N. Y., demonstrates that the loyalty of the foreign element of that citj' may be depended upon in this time of crisis: AVhereas for more than two years past the great nations of the world, with the ex- ception of the United States, have been engaged in war for the preservation a.nd defense of those principles which are near and deai' to us and have been making common cause against the dual monarchies in behalf of those rights and prin- ciples: and 42 Whereas the United States of America has until recently been able to maintain its neutrality and has at the same time endeavored to protect its rights and the honor and integrity of its people: and Whereas Germany has now violated the rules of international law. and the lives of American citizens and the property of our people have been destroyed: Now therefore be it Resolved, That we, the Italian residents of the city of Norwich, assembled at the night school maintained for our benefit, do hereby extend our well wishes and our sincere hope of victory to Italy, the land from which we came, and that we do renew our allegiance to the Government of the United States, the country of our adoption, and that we pledge to the United States our loyal support in the struggle that is to come for the protection of the flag and the maintenance of the glory and honor of the United States. Resolved further, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the mayor of the city of Norwich, the Commissioner of Naturalization at Washington, D. (J., for transmis- sion to the President of the United States, and also a copy to the national defense committee of Chenango County. On February 1, 1917, an enthusiastic mass meeting was held at Minneapolis, and despite the fact that the thermometer registered 20° below zero there was an attendance of about 800 persons. The following resolution was unanimously adopted by the meeting : Whereas the board of education of the city of Minneapolis, recognizing the neces- sity and importance of providing facilities for resident foreign-born men and women to learn our language and the fundamentals of our Government, has provided free evening schools for this purpose; and Whereas the United States Bureau of Naturalization is actively cooperating with these evening schools here and elsewhere, with a view to procuring the attendance therein of all foreign-born men and women who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States and who may need this instruction: Now therefore be it Resolved, by citizens and intended citizens of the city of Minneapolis in mass meet- ing assembled, that we heartily commend the action of the board of education of this city and the United States Biu*eau of Naturalization in this regard, and we urge the extension of this work on the part of said bureau to each place in the United States where it may be needed. The Women's Relief Corps, auxiliary to the Grand Army of the RepubHc, headquarters of Colorado and Wyoming, in General Orders, No. 4, February 15, 1917, adopted the foUoAvmg resolution, which was sent throughout the territory of the department : It is the hope of the Naturalization Service that a citizenship class will be established in every county in Colorado and Wyoming, so that there need no longer be any excuse for the admission to citizenship in these States of aliens who are not qualified to exercise the rights and effectively perform the duties of citizenship. The Bureau of Naturalization of the United States Department of Labor has estab- lished classes for the education in citizenship of aliens in the public schools of Denver, Pueblo, Greeley, Grand Junction, Trinidad, Fort Collins, and Salida, Colo.; Laramie, Rawlins, and Sheridan, Wj^o. The prospects for establishing similar classes in the following places are exceedingly good: Walsenburg, Fort Morgan, Colorado Springs, Canon City, and Cripple Creek, Colo.; and Cheyenne and Rock Springs, Wyo. These classes are organized particularly to meet the needs of aliens who wish to be naturalized, but are open to anyone who desires to increase and clarify his knowledge of the principles upon which the Government of the United States and his own State is founded. It is necessary that every means be adopted to instruct in the ideals and principles of American citizenship those who come to our land, and to make them not merely partakers of our liberty but true, loyal, patriotic Americans. In this the Woman's Relief Corps can render valuable, patriotic assistance to our country. Your depart- ment president asks you to influence and assist the public-school authorities in your community in more firmly establishing these classes. Let us make this year memo- rable in the history of patriotic education. The true basis for cooperation between the public schools and the Bureau of Naturalization is found in the declaration of intention, not in the petition for naturalization. When the alien has lived in this 43 country for five years he may petition for iiatiiralization, if at that time he liolds a declaration of intention that is two years old. Hold- ing such a declaration of hitention and filing his petition, there is little hope of any real improvement which he can accomplish in the 90-day period that remains before the hearing of his petition for naturaliza- tion and his admission to citizenship if the court is satisfied. The ahen has no identity with the Government of the United States after he passes through the ports of entry under the guidance of the immigration authorities. His identity becomes lost when he is ab- sorbed in the mass of humanity at the port of entry, and, no matter where he may ultimately take iip his abode, lie never becomes identi- fied with the Federal Govennnent until he takes out the declaration of intention, upon which the foundation for this national undertaking was laid. Many theorists in the United States, when there was no Federal supervision of the naturalization law, conceived the idea that the declaration of intention was a purely superfluous act; that the cer- tificate of the declaration of intention was a superfluous document. Many of them still retain that idea, having made no advance in their studies or bein^ unacquainted with the experiences of the Federal administrative forces. There is nothing that has arisen in the ex- perience of the Bureau of Naturalization in the 10 years of Federal supervision that justifies this idea that the declaration of intention should be abolished. The Americanization work of the bureau, based as it is upon the declaration of intention, is the only point of contact the Federal Government has with the individual alien from the time he lands upon our soil. The use of the declaration of hitention by the bureau in sendii»g the names to the public schools and bringing the aliens of CYery community into close relationship with them has forever settled the question of the value of the declaration of inten- tion. This is onh^ a new use to whicli this "first paper" (an instru- ment which is peculiarly an American institution) has been put. If this were the only use to be made of it, it would justify its contin- ued existence. As it is, it is used and intenvoven into the adminis- trative fabric of the Government in its contact with aliens throughout the United States. It is a means of identification by which the alien makes known his right to take up Government land; by which he may secure emploj-ment in municipalities and in State improve- ment work; bv which membership in many organizations may alone be secured. It is the indication of the announced purpose of the alien to foreswear his allegiance to his sovereign and to choose the Consti- tution of the United States as his new allegiance. It is woven through- out the warp and woof of our national laws and our social and eco- nomic organizations. In carrying on its ilmericanization work the bureau has under- taken no systematic propaganda work in the nature of circular letters, posters, or newspaper publicity addressed to the public generally. When the work was originally organized in April, 1914, by the Deputy Commissioner of Naturalization, he was directed by the department to make such survey in the Mddle Western cities as was possible in view of otlier official duties that necessitated his presence in the headquarters cities of the various Middle Western districts. He was also directed by the department to pursue his investigation in Philadelphia during" the winter of 1914-15, at the time he was there 44 with a force of officers from the bureau bringing up the arrearage of the work of the clerk of the United States district court in naturahza- tion business. In addition to these, the cities of Cleveland, New York, and Pittsburgh were visited in June, 1915, by the deputy com- missioner at the instance of the department, and conferences were held with the school authorities of these cities, who unhesitatingly proffered their complete support to the bureau in its new undertaking. From these conferences held in Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapohs, Philadelphia, New York, Cleveland, and Pitts- burgh during this time it was found that the school authorities were most anxious to undertake the educational work of preparing the candidates for naturalization for citizenship responsibilities. With the completion of the organization of the citizenship reception in Philadelphia in May, 1915, the bureau sent out an announcement through newspapers of the launching of its Americanization work with the aid of the public schools of the United States. This announcement received publicity in many newspapers from the Atlantic to the Pacific. On August 15, 1915, a second announce- ment — of the opening of the citizenship classes by the public schools — was sent out to the newspapers. Letters had been sent to the superintendents of schools and favor- able responses received. These letters went to approximately all of the superintendents of schools in cities of 4,000 population and over. Later letters were sent to the superintendents of schools in cities of 2,500 population and over. For a time announcements were made of the organization of citi- zenship classes in the public schools, but this practice was dis- continued because of the increasing demands on the bureau for cooperation and has not been resumed. The growth has been natural^ entirely devoid of any stimulation or artificial interest. With the coming year the bureau hopes to enter into a new field of activity, found along the railroad lines, in the places of public construction work, in the mining camps, and on the ranches and in the homes of the ranchers throughout the comitry. Plans had been made for extending the work with great activity and vigor into these new fields durmg the past year, but the number of applicants seeking citizenship during the last six months of the calendar year was so largely in excess of any previous experience of the bureau that every effort was necessary in the examination of these candidates for citizenship and in handling the increased volume of work. Negotiations have been entered into, and in many instances con- summated, with the ''moonhght" school organizations throughout the many States where these schools are conducted. These nego- tiations have resulted in securing the admission of the adult afien candidate for citizenship into these classes that were peculiarly organized for the native-born iVmerican ilfiterate. Most flattering results have been secured along these lines, and will be made the subject of treatment in the next annual report. Those who are engaged directly in the activities for the primary purpose of safeguarding the integrity of the Nation during the present crisis should realize that out of these many millions of foreign birth may come millions who can be won to an undivided and permanent devotion to the institutions of this Nation. With from seven to eight millions holding an allegiance to other nations, and not to this, 45 the problem is a real one. It is one which is not being adequately solved by the accessions of 100,000 or 200,000 aliens to the body politic. Even with this number, it should be borne in mind that approximately 75 per cent failed to meet a high standard of quahfi- cation. Although they receive the title of American citizenship they but faintly comprehend its significance. The solution of this problem must come through the avenue of education. Tliere are public schools now organized, and with citi- zenship classes in the formative stages, into whose ranks all of these aliens may be brought and within whose Americanizing atmosphere there can be but one final result. They will adopt the institutions of American Government if those institutions are humanizing insti- tutions. They will cling to the European institutions of government if they find satisfaction in those forms of govenmient only. From 80 to 95 per cent of the aliens in the public s(;hools are not seekers after American citizenship. Of the many hundreds of thou- sands attending these night classes but 20 per cent of them represent aliens on the road to American citizenship; but 20 per cent have taken out their declarations of intention or secured naturalization. The education of these aliens is not a wholly national function. It is, on the other hand, cjuite a distinct State and municipal function, more especially the latter. The forces of these various boards, com- missions, and councils that for the time being have a national and State character working together for the preservation of the life of the Nation, are the forces which, in addition to their present efforts, should address themselves to this problem. If these State and Federal forces will concentrate some of their energies upon the Ameri- canization of these aliens, there is now a sufficient number of classes in the seventeen hundred and more of cities and to\vns where the public schools may accommodate for their Americanization every one of the aliens resident within their various communities. The accomplishment of this end does not call for an extravagant outlay of Federal funds. It may be accomplished by each community bear- ing its share of the expense. The administration of the naturahza- tion law is at no expense to the citizen taxpayer. All of the expenses are more than met from the fees paid annually by the candidates for citizenship to the clerks of courts and deposited by the Commissioner of Naturalization through official channels in the Treasury of the United States. On an average a surplus of something over $100,000 in fees has been turned in each year since Federal supervision has been placed in the hands of the Bureau of Naturalization. Whatever additional funds the Bureau of Naturalization will need to do its part in cooperating with these State agencies will be in the nature of refunds to these aliens for the excess which they pay in fees over the running expenses for a good administration of the naturalization law. In addition, therefore, to being an investment of $5 by each of them for the title to American citizenship, it will mean virtually the payment of their tuition to the local public-school authorities for their preparation for full enjoyment of life as American citizens. To the business men this work and this plan of action is and has alwajrs been a sound business proposition. It is not one filled with fancies or with idealistic dreams wliich, while sounding well to the ear, do not work out and are not possible of reahzation. 46 While the number of candidates for naturahzation was largely increased during the past fiscal year over any preceding year, this startling fact should be ever present in the minds of those who are considering this fundamentally most important and vital question involving the American present, the American future in all of its avenues of development, social, political, and economical: There are approximately 16,000,000 aliens in this country; probably 50 per cent of these owe no allegiance to this land. In large numbers their allegiance is not divided — it is still faithful to the countries of their origin, to the sovereigns across the sea. Since this Nation has been plunged into the horrible vortex that has been raging for the last three years all over the seas and with increasing intensity upon the European soil, the necessity for the Americanization, the transformation, the arousing of the spirit of America within the hearts and breasts of the resident alien body has been more and more painfully apparent. In the organizations that have been newly created in Washington City, the Nation's Capital, as the direct outgrowth of the war activi- ties — the commissions, the boards, the councils, the many organiza- tions, oflicial, quasi official, and unofficial in character — none will have achieved their fullest usefulness if they do not realize the im- portance of this great Americanization problem. In the ranks of the aliens there are many milHons who will stand first, last, and forever, for the country of their adoption; whether the country has adopted them formally or ignored their presence, they have felt the springs of patriotism welling up within their consciousness. They have, some of them tangibly and some intangibly, adopted this country. There remain, however, those who in spirit still cling to the institutions, ties, and associations of the fatherland. There are those who are inimical in their hearts to the well-being of this country. They still feel the ties of family that extend back to the land of their origin, drawing them more closely than the new ties built up in this country. Their first interest is outside of the land instead of within it. Much of this failure of development of ties strong enough to displace the original ones is traceable to those in position to see and deal with this subject only in a most inefficient and unthorough manner. With every sixth person in the United States of alien birth, and probably every third one of alien birth or alien parentage, the conservation and development of our forces for preservation can be accomplished only by a wise, broad-minded conception of public duty and the full support given to this Americanization work which has been conceived, organized, and developed within the Bureau of Naturalization. The public through the schools, the school organizations, the teachers, the officers of patriotic organizations; those distinctly women's organiza- tions: commercial, social, and religious organizations have been aroused to see the value of this work. Some have given their in- dorsement to it. Others, in addition to indorsing it, have lent their individual effort for a season. Others have gone further and have continued to give their efforts and are supporting it up to the present time. Much has been said of Americanzation, much has been done to accomplish this completely. It has been preached from the rostrum; thrown upon the "movie screen; it has been dealt with by circular letters, numbered in the thousands; set forth in pleasing words and phrases in folders in manj^ languages, as appeals to the whole United 47 States. The Americanization problem can not be accomplished by these measures. It can be accomplished only by those who will be willing to do real and definite work to that end. It can be accom- plished only through the joint union of the State and Federal forces — and those Federal forces that have been duly constituted by law; by those whose legal duty it is to perform this task. Congress authorized the work to be done by an all-inclusive authority when it charged the Bureau of Naturalization with the supervision of all matters concerning the naturalization of aliens. The Bureau of Naturahzation, acting under the authority of the law and with the approval of the Secretary of Labor, and with the indorsement of its action received from school authorities throughout the country as shown by the number of communities in which the public schools have agreed to cooperate with the bureau is going forward with this work, and will continue to go forward until every alien who is a candidate for citizenship who needs instruction, who needs education, who needs that aid which our institutions of gov- ernment have created and made available for those in need — until all are brought within the Americanizing influence of the "oppor- tunity schools" which have now been planted in almost every locality throughout the United States. It wiU continue this work until the ranks of these classes are filled by the presence of all of these candidates for citizenship responsibilities who can in any way be benefited by this contact. There are other matters which might appropriately find expression in this report, but it is an established fact that such formal official utterances secure a reading, if they secure it at all, as they scrupu- lously avoid prohxity. If they fail to secure a reading, they might better not be written. Accordingly everything that did not seem essential to a compre- hensive view of the subject has been omitted from the report. Respectfully, RiCHD. K. Campbell, Commissioner of Naturalization. Hon. W. B. Wilson, Secretary of Labor. o iihK.'!^,^/ O"^ CONGRESS 019 635 670 8