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 COFVRIGHT DEPOSifc 
 
FENNER'S 
 
 COMPLETE FORMULARY 
 
 L7I 
 
 Sixth Edition of Fenner's Formula?-)*, greatly enlarged, _ 
 
 revised and entirely re-written. 
 
 WORKING FORMULAS 
 
 FOR ALL 
 
 Offk i\i. am) Unofficial Preparations Generally Used ok 
 Required in the Practice of Pharmacy and the rlrsy- 
 ness of the Chemist, Manufacturing Pharma- 
 cist, Manufacturer of Proprietary Med- 
 icine, Physician, Perfumer, Etc. 
 
 A COMPLETE FORMULARY AND HAND-BOOK 
 
 Of Valuable Information for Pharmacists, Manufacturers of 
 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Preparations, Physicians. 
 
 and Students of Pharmacy and Modicine. ^*~ —» 
 
 AUG 27IH08 
 
 Wpiled and written by 
 
 \ 
 
 B. R E N N E l<t, 
 
 ,■',', Fenner'b Work: 
 1 Formulary. 
 
 Strtb EMtfon. 
 
 Wis rFIELD, N. V. 
 1 888. 
 
 
<h 
 
 <b v 
 
 ■v- 
 
 ?>? 
 
 Bv B. FENNER. 
 
 BUFF A tO , N . 
 
 Matthews, Nqrthrup & Co., Akt- 
 
 Office of the "Buffalo Morning 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 TI 7HEN, in 1874, the first edition of Fenner's Formulary (then a 
 small pamphlet) was issued it was the pioneer in a new field of 
 pharmacy, and furnished the first reliable line of formulas for elixirs and the 
 so-called Elegant Preparations which were then coming rapidly into use. 
 
 Several editions of this work, each much enlarged and improved, have suc- 
 ceeded each other ; but all have been, necessarily, crude and imperfect, repre- 
 senting, as they did, the developing stage of the art of Elegant Pharmacy. 
 
 Such as they were, however, they have been received, and adopted by the 
 mass of American Pharmacists as the standard authority for the preparation 
 of this class of galenicals. 
 
 During the past decade the advance of Pharmacy and the introduction of 
 new drugs, chemicals and forms of medicine has been so great, that it has 
 outrun the text-books extant, and there has grown up a great want and 
 demand for a new and complete work which shall represent the Pharmacy 
 of to-day as it is practiced throughout the land. The Pharmacopoeias and 
 works of authority are all too conservative — representing only a small part 
 of the preparations used. The Dispensatories and other commentaries on 
 the Pharmacopoeias partake of the same general characteristics ; while the 
 Pharmaceutical Journals ( which are the main repositories of unofficial 
 formulas, the record of new preparations and of the advance of Pharmacy ) 
 lack the continuity and unity of purpose which is necessary to the value of 
 books of reference and practical works on Pharmacy. 
 
 What druggists want, and demand, is a work that in one volume shall give 
 reliable formulas for all or most of the preparations required in the polyphar- 
 macy of the present day, and in which they are certain to find, at a glance, 
 some practical information on all subjects connected with or pertaining to 
 the practice of their profession. To make such a work requires patient 
 research and ' investigation, extended and repeated experiments, careful 
 analyses and syntheses; a thorough knowledge of the wants, conveniences 
 and capabilities of pharmacists, and of the practice of pharmacy as it is in 
 all parts of the country; an intimate acquaintance with the standard text- 
 
 3 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 books and pharmaceutical literature of all countries; and, last but not least, 
 the ability to collate, compare, condense, classify and arrange, and the genius 
 and experience necessary to originate and formulate, preparations useful to 
 those engaged in the trade. 
 
 Realizing the requirements of such a work, as well as its necessity, and 
 knowing the great amount of time and labor necessary to produce it, the 
 author, with great reluctance, and only after repeated solicitation from a 
 great number of those who were using the former editions of Fenner's For- 
 mulary, undertook the preparation of this volume. To embody in one book 
 whatever is valuable to druggists of pharmacy, chemistry, materia medica, 
 therapeutics and formula; has been his aim and purpose. How far it may 
 fulfill that purpose, those who use it will decide. 
 
 The former editions of this work have been chiefly devoted to the Elegant 
 Preparations, such as elixirs, fine syrups, medicinal wines, etc., but it was 
 deemed expedient in this edition to include the official preparations as well, 
 and whatever else was necessary to make, as its title indicates, A Complete 
 Formulary, to which those in search of information may turn, avoiding 
 the trouble and annoyance of looking through so many books of reference 
 before finding what they seek. 
 
 Many new and, as we think, valuable processes have been introduced, 
 which are the outcome of long experience in the preparation of medicines, 
 and as such are submitted. 
 
 We have endeavored to make a volume simple, practical, comprehensive, 
 and plain — an every-day companion, counsellor and friend. It has been 
 written mainly in the workshop or laboratory in the midst of the drugs and 
 operations which it describes or directs. As such, no claim is made for its 
 literary excellence, but it is earnestly hoped that it may contribute something 
 of value to the practice and science of pharmacy, and something of pleasure 
 and profit to Pharmacists into whose hands it may fall. 
 
 Westfield, N. Y., August, 1888. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 General Plan of the Work, 9 
 
 Weight and Measure Standards, ic 
 
 Heat Measures • 12 
 
 Specific Weight or Gravity, 14 
 
 PART I. 
 
 DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Mineral Drugs 17 I Vegetable Drugs, 19 
 
 Elementary Chemical Substances, 18 1 Animal Drugs, 23 
 
 PART II. 
 WORKING PROCESSES. 
 
 Dialysis, 
 
 Distillation 
 
 Evaporation 
 
 Expression 
 
 Filtration 
 
 Fineness of Powder, .... 31 
 
 Infusion and Decoction, ... 33 
 
 Maceration 33 
 
 Percolation, 34 
 
 Water-Bath Percolation, . . 40 
 
 Solution, 44 
 
 Washing Precipitates, ... 44 
 
 PART III. 
 
 WORKING FORM1 1. 1 
 
 Abstracta — Abstracts, ... 46 
 
 Aceta — Acetates — Vinegars, 50 
 
 Acida — Acids 55 
 
 .1. tin-res — Ethers, .... 77 
 
 Etheroles or Etherates, . . . 80 
 
 Albumen 83 
 
 Alcolioles — Alcohols, ... 84 
 
 Aldehydes — Aldehyds. ... 96 
 
 Alkalies 97 
 
 Alkaloides — Alkaloids. ... 98 
 
 Ally) 
 
 Aloe— Aloes 
 
 Aluminium 
 
 Ammonium 
 
 Amyl 150 
 
 Amylum — Starches 152 
 
 '34 
 135 
 r.16 
 
 [41 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Anilina — Anilines, .... 154 
 
 Antimonium — Antimony, . . 155 
 
 Aqua? — Waters, 161 
 
 Argentum — Silver 172 
 
 Arsenicum — Arsenic, . . . 177 
 
 Aurum — Gold 179 
 
 Balsama— Balsams, .... 180 
 
 Barium 187 
 
 Benzinum — Benzin 189 
 
 Benzolum — Benzene — Benzol, 189 
 
 Bismuthum — Bismuth, . . . 191 
 
 Boron 197 
 
 Bromum — Bromine 200 
 
 Butyl or Tetryl 201 
 
 Cadmium 203 
 
 Caesium 204 
 
 Calcium 204 
 
 Carbonium- — Carbon, . . . 210 
 
 Cera- — Waxes, . . . ■. . 214 
 
 Cerata — Cerates 217 
 
 Cerium, 225 
 
 Cetaceum —Spermaceti, . . 226 
 
 Charta? — Papers, 227 
 
 Chemicals 232 
 
 Chloral 233 
 
 Chlorine 235 
 
 Chloroforum — Chloroform, . 237 
 
 Chocolata — Chocolate — Cocoa, 237 
 
 Chromium 238 
 
 Cobaltum — Cobalt, .... 240 
 
 Collodia — Collodions, . . . 240 
 
 Colores — Colors, 244 
 
 Confectiones — Confections — 
 
 Conserves 255 
 
 Cordiales — Cordials, .... 261 
 
 Creasotum — Creasote, . . . 263 
 
 Cuprum — Copper, .... 264 
 
 Cyanogen 267 
 
 Decocta— Decoctions, . . . 267 
 
 Destillata? — Distillates, . . . 270 
 
 Dextrinum — Dextrin, . . . 271 
 
 Dialysatae — Dialysates, . . . 272 
 
 Diastase 273 
 
 Elaterium 274 
 
 Elixiria — Elixirs 274 
 
 Emplastra — Plasters, . . 382 
 
 Emulsiones — Emulsions, . . 394 
 Essentia? — Essences — Flavor- 
 ing Extracts 408 
 
 Ethyl, 440 
 
 Extracta — Extracts 441 
 
 Extracta Destillata — Distilled 
 
 Extracts 451 
 
 Extracta Fluida — Fluid Ex- 
 tracts 453 
 
 Fel Bovis — Ox-Gall 497 
 
 Fermentum — Yeast 498 
 
 Ferrum — Iron 498 
 
 Fluorine, 513 
 
 Gelatina — Gelatin, ... 513 
 
 Glucose and Grape Sugar, . . 515 
 
 Glycerinum — Glycerin, . . . 516 
 
 Glycerita — Glycerites, . . . 517 
 
 Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum, 523 
 
 Hydrargyrum — Mercury, . . 523 
 
 Hydrogenium — Hydrogen, . . 532 
 
 Infusa — Infusions, .... 533 
 
 Iodoformum — Iodoform, . . 539 
 
 Iodum — Iodine 540 
 
 Lac — Milk 541 
 
 Lamella? — Discs, 542 
 
 Linimenta — Liniments, . . . 543 
 
 Liquores — Solutions, . . . 546 
 
 Lithium 592 
 
 Lotiones — Lotions 596 
 
 Magnesium, 598 
 
 Maltum — Malt, 603 
 
 Manganese, 613 
 
 Massae — Masses 616 
 
 Mellita — Honeys 618 
 
 Methyl 619 
 
 Mistura? — Mixtures, .... 620 
 
 Mucilagines — Mucilages, . . 630 
 
 Niccolum — Nickel, .... 633 
 
 Nitrogenium — Nitrogen, . . 634 
 
 Olea — Oils, 636 
 
 Oleata — Oleates, 655 
 
 Oleoresina? — Oleo-resins, . . 660 
 
 Opium 664 
 
 Oxygenium — Oxygen, . . . 666 
 
 Pancreatinum — Pancreatin, . 667 
 
 Pepsinum — Pepsin 668 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Peptones, 670 
 
 Petroleum, 671 
 
 Petrolatum 672 
 
 Phenyl 672 
 
 Phosphorus, 673 
 
 Picrotoxinum — Picrotoxin, . . 675 
 
 Piluke — Pills, 675 
 
 Pix — Pitch 694 
 
 Platinum 695 
 
 Plumbum — Lead, 695 
 
 Potassium or Kalium, . . . 699 
 
 Propyl or Trityl, 713 
 
 Pulveres — Powders 713 
 
 Pyroxylinum — Gun Cotton, . 721 
 
 Resins — Resins 722 
 
 Resinoids or Concentrations, . 731 
 
 Sacchara — Sugars 733 
 
 Salicinum — Salicin, .... 736 
 
 Salicyl 736 
 
 Santoninum — Santonin, . . 737 
 
 Sapoes — Soaps 738 
 
 Selenium, 745 
 
 Silicon 745 
 
 Sodium or Natrium 746 
 
 Species — Teas 758 
 
 Spiritus — Spirits, 759 
 
 Stannum — Tin 773 
 
 Strontium, 774 
 
 Succi — Juices, 775 
 
 Sulphur, 778 
 
 Suppositoria — Suppositories, . 782 
 
 Syrupi — Syrups, 790 
 
 Tabellae — Tablets, .... 871 
 
 Tannin or Tannic Acid, . . . 873 
 
 Tellurium, 874 
 
 Thallium, 874 
 
 Theriaca, 874 
 
 Tinctora — Dyes 875 
 
 Tincturae — Tinctures, . . . 880 
 
 Tisanes, 956 
 
 Triturationes — Triturations, . 956 
 
 Trochisci — Troches, .... 956 
 
 Tungsten or Wolframium, . . 967 
 
 Unguenta — Ointments, . . . 967 
 
 Uranium 994 
 
 Urea, 994 
 
 Vanadium, 995 
 
 Vanillin 995 
 
 Vapores — Vapors 995 
 
 Vina — Wines 997 
 
 Zincum — Zinc 1015 
 
 PART IV. 
 I III. STANDARD REMEDIES AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. 
 
 Acid Phosphate 1023 
 
 Ague Cures 1023 
 
 Alteratives, 1026 
 
 Anodynes, 1027 
 
 Asthma Remedies 1029 
 
 Balms or Panaceas [03] 
 
 Balsams 1033 
 
 Bitters 1036 
 
 Blood Purifiers, 1044 
 
 Carminatives 1045 ! 
 
 Catarrh Remedies 1047 
 
 Cathartics and Laxatives. . . 1049 
 
 Cholera Cures 1053 
 
 Condition Powders 1055 
 
 Corn, Bunion and Chilblain 
 
 Cures 1059 
 
 Cough Remedies 1061 
 
 Diarrhoea and I ) ysentery Reme- 
 dies, 1068 
 
 Dyspepsia Cures, 1070 
 
 Elixirs, Essences and Extracts, 1073 
 
 Eye Waters 1075 
 
 Eye Salves, 1075 
 
 Female Remedies 1076 
 
 Hair Dyes, Restoratives and 
 
 Tonics 1079 
 
 Heart Preparations 1084 
 
 Hypophosphites Compound, . 1085 
 
8 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Inhalants and Inhalers, . . . 1085 
 
 Injections 1086 
 
 Iodide Alteratives, 1087 
 
 Kidney and Liver Remedies, . 1089 
 
 Liniments, 1092 
 
 Nervines, Hypnotics and Seda- 
 tives, 1098 
 
 Ointments and Salves, . . .1102 
 
 Pectorals 1106 
 
 Pills, Plasters and Powders, . 11 07 
 
 Rheumatic Remedies, . . .1108 
 Sarsaparilla Compounds, . . iiio 
 Soothing and Teething Syrups, 1 1 13 
 Salts or Saline Aperients, . .1115 
 
 Specifics 11 17 
 
 Tonics 1 1 18 
 
 Tooth Ache Remedies, . . .1120 
 
 Worm Medicines, 1122 
 
 Unclassified Proprietary Rem- 
 edies 1 1 26 
 
 PART V. 
 
 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 Bandolines, 1131 
 
 Cosmetics for the Complexion, 11 32 
 
 Dentifrices n 36 
 
 Hair Preparations 11 40 
 
 Cosmetic Ices and Jellies, . .1146 
 
 Lotions for the Complexion, . 1148 
 
 Lip Salves and Cosmetics, . . 11 49 
 
 Nail Cosmetics, 1 1 50 
 
 Perfumes for the Handkerchief, 1 1 50 
 
 Odors of Flowers, 1 1 54 
 
 Colognes and Toilet Waters, .1156 
 
 Sachet Powders, 1 1 59 
 
 Smelling Salts and Pungents, . 11 60 
 
 Toilet Soaps, 1 16 1 
 
 Toilet Vinegars, 1161 
 
 Toilet Waters 1 162 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 
 
 Adhesive Preparations ( Ce- 
 ments, Glues, Mucilages, 
 Pastes, etc.) 
 
 Baking Powder, 
 
 Cloth Cleaning Compounds, . 
 
 Exterminators, Destroyers and 
 Poisons, 
 
 1 163 
 
 1 167 
 
 1 168 
 
 Foods, Prepared 1171 
 
 Inks, Bluings and Blackings, . 1172 
 Polishing Preparations, . . .1180 
 
 Preservatives, 11 S3 
 
 Wines and Spiritous Liquors, . 11 84 
 Varnishes, 11 92 
 
 1 1 70 Unclassified Preparations, 
 
 '95 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 IN the arrangement of the formulas in this volume the plan of numbering 
 them has, as in former editions, been adopted. This method saves fre- 
 quent repetition of the formulas, makes them convenient for reference, and at 
 the same time more particularly designates one from another, as there are in 
 many instances several preparations bearing the same name yet differing in 
 composition. 
 
 The official preparations are designated by their Latin titles as given in the 
 Pharmacopoeias ; but few others are thus distinguished, as they are generally 
 called for or prescribed by their more common names. Prominence is also 
 given to most of the official and to the elegant preparations by printing them 
 in larger type than those of less importance. 
 
 Whenever a material difference exists in the formulas official in the U. S. 
 P. and those of the Br., German, French, or other leading pharmacopoeias, 
 the composition of the preparation as directed by the different authorities is 
 given. Also, when there is any important difference between the U. S. 1880 
 and 1870 pharmacopoeia preparations, the same is noted in the formula. 
 
 In the formulas copied from other works, when the original text is followed. 
 the source from which they are derived is usually mentioned ; but when for- 
 mulas are collated from various sources, and re-arranged, re-written, or re- 
 adjusted to suit the plan of this work, their authority is not generally given, 
 as they are, mostly, public property, having become such by long 
 usage and frequent publication in standard works. 
 
 In conformity with the popular usage in this country the quantities directed 
 in the formulas are mostly in the commercial weight and measure of the 
 U. S. The attempts to introduce metric weight and measure or parts by weight 
 of solids and liquids have not met with a favorable reception in this country, 
 although generally used in Continental Europe. 
 
 In the article on weights and measures which follows, directions will be 
 found for readily converting weights or measures of one system into those of 
 another. 
 
 As this work is intended mainly as a formulary, the description of pharma- 
 ceutical apparatus in general use, and the description of medicinal substances, 
 except as given under general headings, is mostly omitted ; for the same rea- 
 son, the tests of chemicals, etc., are not generally given. A brief general 
 description of crude medicinal substances will be found in Tart I., ami the 
 general working processes employed in pharmacy are brielly described in 
 PART [I. For further descriptions, tests, etc., reference may be made to the 
 pharmacopoeias, chemistries and other technical works. The medicinal use 
 
 9 
 
10 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 and doses of most preparations are briefly given under their formulas, for 
 convenient reference. 
 
 The formulas are, as far as is practicable, arranged in classes. The offic- 
 ial formulas and those employed in regular pharmacy are included in Part 
 III., and are classed according to their pharmaceutical similarity, as elixirs, 
 extracts, fluid extracts, spirits, syrups, etc. Chemical elements and radi- 
 cals are noted in their alphabetical order, their salts and combinations being 
 included under the same general headings — as Sodium and its salts, Potas- 
 sium and its salts, etc. 
 
 Standard proprietary remedies are included in Part IV., and classed 
 according to their medicinal properties, uses, etc. — as Ague Cures, Catarrh 
 Remedies, Cough Remedies, etc. 
 
 Toilet articles and perfumes are given in Part V., and are arranged as 
 far as possible according to their uses as Hair Preparations, Handkerchief 
 Perfumes, Lotions, etc. 
 
 Miscellaneous Preparations, in which are included those not otherwise 
 classified, make up Part VI., and are arranged as far as possible according to 
 their uses. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES STANDARDS. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia previous to the 1880 revision and all 
 standard American text-books directed troy weight and apothecary measure. 
 The present revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia directs metric 
 weight and measure whenever definite weight and measure is mentioned, 
 but parts by weight are generally directed. The British Pharmacopoeia and 
 text-books direct avoirdupois weight and equivalent fluid measure. All of 
 the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe direct parts by weight, or metric 
 weight and measure. 
 
 The Grain is the equivalent unit of the apothecary, troy and avoirdupois 
 systems of weight. Apothecary and troy weight correspond, the terms of 
 the former only being used by druggists. 
 
 The Scruple equals 20 grains. It is now seldom used, being expressed in 
 grains instead. 
 
 The Drachm equals 60 grains or >s apothecary or troy ounce. 
 
 The Ounce of apothecary or troy weight equals 480 grains or 1-12 of the 
 apothecary or troy pound of 5,760 grains. 
 
 The Ounce avoirdupois weight ( American commercial and British phar- 
 maceutical standard) equals 437^ grains or 1-16 of the avoirdupois pound 
 of 7,000 grains. 
 
 The Pound of apothecary or troy weight equals 5.760 grains or 12 apothe- 
 cary or troy ounces of 480 grains. 
 
 The Pound avoirdupois weight ( American commercial and British phar- 
 maceutical standard ) equals 7,000 grains or 16 avoirdupois ounces of 437/4 
 grains. 
 
 The Gramme is the unit of metric weight. A gramme equals 10 deci- 
 grammes or 100 centigrammes or 1,000 milligrammes or 15-43 grains. 
 
WEIGHT AND MEASURE STANDARDS. 11 
 
 The Kilogramme equals iooo grammes or 35.27 av. ounces, and is equiv- 
 alent to the litre. 
 
 A Cubic Centimetre of water at 4' C. ( 39/ F. ) weighs a gramme ; there- 
 fore the gramme and cubic centimetre are equivalent. It equals 16^ minims. 
 
 The Litre is the unit of metric fluid measure, and equals 1,000 cubic centi- 
 metres, or 10 decilitres or 100 centiliters or 33.84 Am. fl.ounces. 
 
 The Minim is a variable expression of fluid measure — the 480th part of a 
 fluid ounce. The minim of American fluid measure of water at its greatest 
 density weighs about 0.95 grain, being the 480th part of the American fluid 
 ounce of 455.7 grains of water. The British minim being the 480th part of 
 the British fluid ounce of 437^ grains of water — weighs about 0.91 grain. 
 
 The Fluid Drachm equals 60 minims or y% fluid ounce. 
 
 The American Fluid Drachm of water weighs 56.96 grains, being l /i of 
 the American fluid ounce of 455.7 grains of water. 
 
 The British Fluid Drachm of water weighs 54.68 grains, being y% of the 
 British fluid ounce of 437 >< grains of water. 
 
 The Fluid Ounce equals 480 minims or 8 fluid drachms. 
 
 The American Fluid Ounce of water weighs 455.7 grains, and is 1-16 of 
 the American pint of 7,291.1 grains of water. 
 
 The British Fluid Ounce of water weighs 437 }i grains, and therefore 
 corresponds with their weight standard ( avoirdupois ) ounce, it is 1-20 of 
 the British Imperial pint. 
 
 The Pint of American fluid measure (28.875 cllD i c inches) equals 7,680 
 American minims; 7,291.1 grains of water or 16 fluid ounces of 455.7 grains 
 of water, at 60 F. 
 
 The Imperial Pint of British fluid measure (34.659 cubic inches ) equals 
 9,600 British minims ; 8,750 grains ( 1 % pounds avoirdupois ) of water or 20 
 British fluid ounces of 437^ grains of water at 60" F. 
 
 The Gallon of American fluid measure (231 cubic inches) equals 61,440 
 American minims ; 58,328.9 grains of water or 8 American pints. 
 
 I he Imperial Gallon of British fluid measure (277.274 cubic inches) equals 
 76,800 British minims ; 70,000 grains ( 10 pounds avoirdupois) of water or 8 
 Imperial pints, 
 
 The relation of weight to fluid measure as above stated is calculated for 
 distilled water at 15.6 C. (60 F. )• The volume of water increases or 
 decreases in a ratio varying with the temperature. At 1 5.6 C. (6o° F.) its 
 volume is 1.000938, as compared with 1.000000, its volume at its greatest 
 density 4 C. 1 39 F. ). 
 
 To convert the which is of one system into those of another, the following 
 simple rules may be observed : To convert 
 
 Troy to Avoirdupois. — Multiply the weight in tr.ounces by 1.097 for close, 
 or by 1.1 for ordinary calculations. The product is the weight in av.ounces. 
 
 Avoirdupois to Troy. -Multiply the weight in av.OUnces by 0.9H for 
 close, or deduct one tenth for ordinary calculations. The product, or 
 is the weight in tr.OUl 
 
12 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 Metric to Grains. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 15.43. 
 
 Metric to Troy Ounces. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 0.032. 
 
 Metric to Avoirdupois Ounces. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 0.035. 
 In ordinary calculations, 28 v, grammes are considered equal to 1 ounce. 
 
 Grains to Grammes. — Multiply the weight in grains by 2, and divide by 
 13. The quotient is the weight in grammes. 
 
 Troy to Metric. — Multiply the weight in tr.ounces by 31.1. The product 
 is the weight in metric grammes. 
 
 Avoirdupois to Metric. — Multiply the weight in avoirdupois ounces by 
 28.35. The product is the weight in metric grammes. 
 
 To convert the measures of one system into those of another, the follow- 
 ing simple rules may be observed : To convert 
 
 Apothecary to Imperial Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in apothe- 
 cary (1. ounces by 1.041. The product is the measure in Imperial flounces. 
 
 Imperial to Apothecary Fluid Measure. — -Multiply the measure in Imper- 
 ial fl.ounces by 0.96. The product is the measure in apothecary fl.ounces. 
 
 Metric to Apothecary Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in cubic 
 centimetres by 16X to reduce to minims, or by 0.034 to reduce to 
 fl.ounces. The litre equals about 2 pints, 1 y& Am. fl.ounces. 
 
 Metric to Imperial Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in cubic centi- 
 meters by 0.035 to reduce to Imperial fl.ounces. 
 
 Apothecary to Metric Fluid Measure. — Multiply the .measure in fl.ounces 
 D >' -9-53- The product is the measure in cubic centimeters. In ordinary 
 calculations 30 cubic centimeters equal 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Imperial to Metric Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in fl.ounces 
 by 28.35. The product is the measure in cubic centimeters. 
 
 HEAT MEASURES. 
 
 The only scales now used to any extent for registering temperature are 
 those of Fahrenheit, Reaumur, and Celsius ; the latter being known in most 
 countries as the Centigrade scale. The Fahrenheit scale is chiefly used in 
 America and Great Britain, the Reaumur in Germany, and the Centigrade in 
 France and other countries of Europe, and in scientific calculations in nearly 
 all countries. 
 
 Thermometric scales are calculated from the expansion of mercury or alco- 
 hol in a small vacuum tube having usually a bulb or reservoir at the bottom. 
 
 The CENTIGRADE scale assumes the temperature at which water freezes 
 as o , and the temperature at which it boils with the barometer at 30 inches, 
 as ioo , making ioo : between the freezing and boiling point of water. 
 
 The Fahrenheit scale assumes the temperature at which water freezes 
 as 32 , and the temperature at which it boils with the barometer at 30 inches, 
 as 212 , making 180 between the freezing and boiling point of water. 
 
 The Reaumur scale, which is seldom used in this country, assumes the 
 temperature at which water freezes as o°, and the temperature at which it 
 
HEAT MEASURES. 13 
 
 boils with the barometer at 30 inches, as 8o D , making 80" between the freez- 
 ing and boiling point of water. 
 
 The following table shows a comparison of the scales from the freezing to 
 the boiling point of water : 
 
 C. F. R. 
 
 Water 100 212 So boils. 
 
 95 203 76 
 
 90 194 72 
 
 S5 185 6S 
 
 So 176 64 
 
 75 167 60 
 
 70 158 56 
 
 65 149 52 
 
 60 140 48 
 
 55 I3i H 
 
 50 122 .... ... 40 
 
 45 "3 36 
 
 40 104 32 
 
 35 95 2S 
 
 30 86 24 
 
 25 ........ 77 20 
 
 20 68 16 
 
 15 59 12 
 
 5 41 4 
 
 Water o 32 o freezes. 
 
 It will be seen by the foregoing scales that a Centigrade degree is r| Fah- 
 renheit, or t Reaumur degrees ; that a Fahrenheit degree is f Centigrade, or 
 % Reaumur degrees ; and that a Reaumur degree is iX Centigrade, or 2)4 
 Fahrenheit degrees. 
 
 The following rules will be found convenient for reducing or converting 
 one scale to another : 
 
 To reduce Centigrade to Fahrenheit. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the given degrees Centigrade by \\ (?), and add 32 to 
 the product. 
 
 EXAMPLE. — How many Fahrenheit degrees in 25 Centigrade degrees? 
 2 5 j +■ 32—77 Fahrenheit degrees. 
 
 To reduce Reaumur to Fahrenheit. 
 
 RULE. — Multiply the given degrees Reaumur by 2% and add 32 to (lie 
 product. 
 
 To reduce Fahrenheit to Centigrade. 
 
 RULE.-- Subtract 32 from the given degrees Fahrenheit and divide the 
 remainder by 1 J (|). 
 
 EXAMPLE.— How many Centigrade degrees in 176 Fahrenheit degrees? 
 176 — 32-Hj— 80 Centigrade degrees. 
 
 To reduce Fahrenheit to Reaumur. 
 
 RULE. — Subtract 32 from the given degrees Fahrenheit and divide the 
 remainder by 2/4 1 \), 
 
 To reduce Reaumur to Centigrade. 
 
 Ri 1. 1.. - Multiply the given degrees Reaumur by \%. 
 
14 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 0.80 
 
 R. 
 
 0.44 
 
 R. 
 
 1.25 
 
 C. 
 
 = F 
 
 . degrees. 
 
 To reduce Centigrade to Reaumur. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply t 'lie given degrees Centigrade by \. 
 
 In reducing Fahrenheit to other scales, or vice -versa, 32 is added or sub- 
 tracted, because the Fahrenheit scale is marked 32 where the other scales are 
 marked o, viz., at the freezing point of water. Bear in mind that in comput- 
 ing degrees below o c Centigrade, or Reaumur, the product of the multiplica- 
 tion is a minus quantity, and that adding +32 to the minus quantity is the 
 same as taking the difference between them. Recent American works on 
 Pharmacy and Chemistry give both the Centigrade and Fahrenheit degrees, 
 so there is no reason that the druggist should not soon be as familiar with 
 the one as the other. 
 
 The temperature at which the specific gravity of substances is usually 
 taken and recorded, is 15.6° Centigrade, or 60 Fahrenheit, or 12.4° Reau- 
 mur. In making experiments or calculations that require accuracy, this must 
 be well understood, and the substances to be used must be brought to this 
 temperature. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 i C. = i. So F. = ! 
 
 1 F. = 0.55 C. = 
 
 1 R. = 2.25 F. = 
 C. degrees X 9 -=- 5 + 32 
 C. " X 4 -*- 5 = R- 
 
 F. " -32 X 5 ■+■ 9 = C. " 
 F. " -32 X 4 ■+■ 9 = R- " 
 R. " X 9 -*- 4 + 32 = F. 
 R. " X 5 -*- 4 = C. 
 
 A unit of heat is the amount of heat necessary to raise a certain quantity 
 of water one degree. 
 
 The French unit, called a caloric, is usually adopted. It is the amount of 
 heat required to raise one kilo ( 2.204621 5 t1>s. avoirdupois) of water one 
 degree centigrade; that is, from o toi C. 
 
 SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR GRAVITY. 
 
 Specific weight or gravity is the weight of a substance compared with the 
 weight of an equal volume of some other substance taken as a standard. 
 
 Distilled water at 15.6° C. ( 6o : F. ) is the standard with which all solids 
 and liquids are compared to calculate their specific gravity. 
 
 The specific gravity of water is expressed by unity, as 1, 1.00, 1.000, i.ooco, 
 etc., substances heavier than water being more than a unit, lighter than 
 water, less than a unit, expressed in decimals. 
 
 Air or hydrogen at 15. 6° C. (6o : F. ), and the barometer at 30 inches, are 
 the standards with which gases are compared to determine 'their specific 
 gravity. 
 
 As applied to pharmacy the specific gravities of solids and liquids only are 
 required, therefore the processes for estimating their specific gravity, only, 
 
SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR GRAVITY. 15 
 
 will be considered in this- article. For the specific gravity of gases our 
 readers are referred to the standard works on Chemistry. 
 
 Few druggists are provided with delicate specific gravity apparatus, and 
 indeed it is unnecessary that they should be, for a few simple articles, always 
 at hand, will suffice for the druggists' purpose as well the most elaborate and 
 costly apparatus. A thermometer, a thin bottle and accurate balances or 
 scales are all the apparatus required for finding the specific gravity of liquids 
 and solids, and druggists seldom need to determine the specific gravity of 
 gases. 
 
 The following are the simple directions for 
 
 CALCULATING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS. 
 
 First. — Take a thin bottle that will hold three or four ounces;* paste 
 strips of paper on two opposite sides and weigh the bottle accurately, mark- 
 ing the weight in grains,+ on one of the strips. Then weigh in the bottle just 
 iooo grains of distilled water at a temperature of 15.6"" C. ( 6o : F. ) and mark 
 the strips of paper on each side of the bottle just at the surface of the water, 
 when the bottle is standing perfectly level. Mark iooo, the weight of the 
 water, under the weight of the bottle and add them together for the gross 
 weight, then empty the bottle and it is ready for use. 
 
 Second. — Having brought the liquid to be calculated to the required tem- 
 perature, 1 5. 6° C. (6o c F.), pour it into the bottle previously used, until its 
 surface comes just level with the water-level marks on the strips of paper ; 
 then weigh it accurately, noting the gross weight in grains. 
 
 Third. — Find the difference between 'the gross weight of the first and 
 second operations. If the weight of the first operation is greater than the 
 second, subtract the difference from iooo and point off three places as deci- 
 mals. If the weight of the first operation is less than the second, add the 
 difference to 1000 and point off three places as decimals. 
 
 Example i. The gross weight of a bottle with iooo grains of water is 
 1723 grains; the gross weight of the same volume of a liquid in the same 
 bottle is 1 67 1 grains. What is the specific gravity of the liquid ? 
 
 1723 — 1671 = 52 difference. 
 
 — 52 = 0.948 specific gravity of liquid. 
 
 EXAMPLE 2. The gross weight of a bottle with iooo grains of water is 
 1723 grains ; the gross weight of the same volume of a liquid is 21 84 grains. 
 What is the specific gravity of the liquid ~: 
 I -1723 = 461 1 
 : 461 = i. 461 specific gravity of liquid. 
 
 * A long-necked bottl.-. that toco grains of water will fill into the neck, is the most 
 . Specific gravity bottles, made verj light and designed to hold 100 or 1000 
 grains, or 50, 250 or 500 grammes, may be obtain nical iri 
 
 t Metric weight may be used instead of grains. Grains are mentioned 
 American druggists are so much more familiar with this weight than with the metrii 
 system. 
 
16 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 This method of determining the specific gravity of liquids is quite accurate, 
 and very convenient when the bottle is once prepared. It is also adapted to 
 small quantities of liquids as it can be calculated for ioo grains or 10 grains 
 in the same general manner. It can be used also for light or heavy liquids, 
 which is another convenience. 
 
 The Hydrometer is an instrument used for determining the specific gravity 
 of liquids. There are many kinds, but nearly all act on the same principle, 
 viz. : The depth to which they sink in the liquid, which is shown by the 
 graduated scale in the stem of the instrument. It is not accurate enough for 
 fine work, and cannot be used for small quantities of liquids. 
 
 The Hydrometer is principally useful for showing the proof of spirits, the 
 degree of acids, syrups, etc., but is not adapted to the general work of calcu- 
 lating specific gravity in the business of the pharmacist. 
 
 The spirit Hydrometer will not answer for heavy liquids, nor the acid nor 
 syrup Hydrometer for the light liquids. 
 
 The Government Hydrometer for spirits which has the thermometer scale 
 attached is of much value in estimating the proof of spirits. 
 
 CALCULATING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOLIDS. 
 
 The druggist is so seldom required to calculate the specific gravity of solids, 
 that mere mention, only, of the methods will be given here. 
 
 Solids heavier than water are first weighed in the ordinary way, and then, 
 by suspending them to one side of the balance by a fine thread, are immersed 
 in water and weighed. The ordinary weight divided by the loss of weight in 
 water gives the specific gravity of the solids. 
 
 Solids lighter than water are first weighed, and then attached or tied to 
 some heavy metal of known 'weight and specific gravity ; the two substances 
 are then weighed and immersed in water together and the loss of weight of 
 the lighter substance found by deducting the loss of weight of the heavy 
 metal, previously found, from the total loss. The original weight of the 
 lighter substance is then divided by its loss of weight in water, as shown by 
 the former operation and the result is the specific gravity of the substance. 
 
 Solids soluble in water are first weighed by the balance and then weighed 
 suspended in some liquid in which they are insoluble, as Naphtha, Alcohol 
 or Oil. The weight in the liquid subtracted from the ordinary weight gives 
 the loss of weight ; the ordinary weight is divided by the loss of weight thus 
 obtained, and the quotient multiplied by the specific gravity of the liquid in 
 which the solid was weighed — this gives the specific gravity of the solid. 
 
 Powdered substances are first weighed, and their weight added to that of 
 the specific gravity bottle and iooo grains of water, as described for calculat- 
 ing the specific gravity of liquids. The powder is then put in the bottle and 
 enough distilled water at 15.6 C. (6o rj F.) added to fill it to the water-level 
 marks on the bottle. It is then weighed and its weight subtracted from the 
 gross weight previously obtained ; this shows the loss of weight in water. 
 The ordinary weight of the powder is now divided by the toss of weight as 
 shown by the subtraction ; the quotient is the specific gravity of the powder. 
 
PART I 
 
 DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES, 
 
 The substances used in the art of pharmacy are obtained 
 from every part of the known world, and are selected from 
 all departments of the mineral, vegetable, and animal king- 
 doms. The mineral kingdom contributes the greater portion, 
 the vegetable a great variety, and the animal a fair percentage 
 of the substances which are known in the commercial world 
 as " Drugs." 
 
 The collection and preparation of " drugs " for the market 
 constitutes a very great industry, second in importance to 
 none of the commercial industries of the world. In the 
 limited space which we have to devote* to this subject, mere 
 mention only of what is most important to druggists can be 
 made, as its elaboration would, of itself, fill a volume. 
 
 MINERAL DRUGS. 
 
 Nearly every mineral known is, in some form, made use of 
 in pharmacy. Minerals and mineral salts were the first sub- 
 Stances employed in medicine. The science of chemistry owes 
 irly advancement to the researches of the alchemists 
 and apothecaries in mineral substances, and the legends of 
 medii ine and pharmacy are mainly based upon the wonderful 
 powers and qualities attributed to minerals. 
 
 The collection of native mineral substances does not come 
 within tin- province of pharmacy, and at present but few 
 
 mineral salts arc prepared by pharmacists. That task", which 
 
 17 
 
L8 
 
 DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 was formerly a necessary part of the education and business of 
 the apothecary, now being given over to manufacturing chem- 
 ists, who have better facilities and conveniences for doing it. 
 
 In chemistry, all elementary mineral substances are called 
 bases or radicals, from their property of combining with acids 
 to form salts. 
 
 The following table of elementary substances includes the 
 minerals, which, with their various combinations and salts, 
 comprise a large share of the so-called " chemicals " used in 
 pharmacy. 
 
 TABLE OF ELEMENTARY SUBSTANCES. 
 
 U. S. P., 1SS0. 
 
 iLT" Weight 
 
 ELEMENTS. 
 
 Syrn- Atomic 
 bol. Weight. lent. 
 
 Aluminium Al 
 
 Antimony Sb 
 
 Arsenic As 
 
 Barium Ba 
 
 Beryllium (Gluci- 
 
 num) Be 
 
 Bismuth Bi 
 
 Boron B 
 
 Bromine Br 
 
 Cadmium Cd 
 
 Caesium Cs 
 
 Calcium Ca 
 
 Carbon 1 C 
 
 Cerium Ce 
 
 Chlorine 2 CI 
 
 Chromium Cr 
 
 Cobalt Co 
 
 Copper Cu 
 
 Didymium Di 
 
 Erbium E 
 
 Fluorine Fl 
 
 Gallium G 
 
 Gold Au 
 
 Hydrogen H 
 
 Indium In 
 
 Iodine I 
 
 Iridium Ir 
 
 Iron Fe 
 
 Lanthanum La 
 
 Lead Pb 
 
 Lithium Li 
 
 Magnesium Mg 
 
 Manganese Mn 
 
 Mercury | Hg 
 
 27 
 120 
 
 74-9 
 136.8 
 
 79.S 
 
 iii.S 
 
 132,6 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 141 
 
 35-4 
 
 52.4 
 
 53-9 
 
 63.2 
 
 144.6 
 
 165.9 
 
 J 9 
 
 68.8 
 196.2 
 
 1 
 "3-4 
 126.6 
 
 192.7 
 
 55-9 
 138.5 
 206.5 
 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 54 
 
 199.7 
 
 13-5 
 
 120 
 
 74-9 
 6S.4 
 
 79.8 
 55-9 
 132.6 
 20 
 6 
 70.5 
 35-4 
 26.2 
 29-45 
 31.6 
 72.3 
 82.95 
 
 19 
 
 34-4 
 196.2 
 
 56.7 
 126.6 
 
 96.35 
 
 27-95 
 
 138.5 
 
 103.25 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 99-35 
 
 Molybdenum 
 
 Nickel 
 
 Niobium. . . . 
 Nitrogen 3 . . . 
 Osmium .... 
 Oxygen 4 . . . . 
 Palladium . . . 
 Phosphorus . 
 Platinum. . . . 
 Potassium . . . 
 Rhodium . . . 
 Rubidium . . . 
 Ruthenium. . 
 Scandium. . . 
 Selenium. . . . 
 
 Silicon 
 
 Silver 
 
 Sodium 
 
 Strontium. . . 
 Sulphur 5 .. . . 
 ! Tantalum. . . 
 Tellurium . . 
 I Thallium . . . 
 Thorium. . . . 
 
 Tin 
 
 Titanium . . . 
 Tungsten . . . 
 Uranium . . . 
 Vanadium . . 
 Ytterbium. . . 
 Ytterium.. . . 
 
 Zinc 
 
 Zirconium . . 
 
 Mo 
 
 Ni 
 
 Nb 
 
 N 
 
 Os 
 
 O 
 
 Pd 
 
 P 
 
 Pt 
 
 K 
 
 Rh 
 
 Rb 
 
 Ru 
 
 Sc 
 
 Se 
 
 Si 
 
 Ag 
 
 Na 
 
 Sr 
 
 S 
 
 Ta 
 
 Te 
 
 Tl 
 
 Th 
 
 Sn 
 
 Ti 
 
 W 
 
 U 
 
 V 
 
 Yb 
 
 V 
 
 Zn 
 
 Zr 
 
 95-5 
 
 58 
 
 94 
 
 14 
 198.5 
 
 16 
 105.7 
 
 31 
 194-4 
 
 39 
 104. 1 
 
 85-3 
 104.2 
 
 44 
 
 78.8 
 
 28 
 107.7 
 
 23 
 
 87.4 
 
 32 
 1S2 
 12S 
 203.7 
 233 
 H7.7 
 
 48 
 183.6 
 238.5 
 
 51-3 
 172.7 
 
 42-75 
 
 29 
 
 94 
 
 14 
 
 99-25 
 8 
 
 52.85 
 
 3i 
 
 97.2 
 
 39 
 
 52.05 
 
 85-3 
 
 521 
 
 22 
 
 39-4 
 
 14 
 107.7 
 
 23 
 
 43-7 
 
 16 
 
 1S2 
 
 64 
 203.7 
 116.5 
 
 58.85 
 
 24 
 
 91.8 
 119-25 
 
 51-3 
 172.7 
 
 64.9 32.45 
 90 45 
 
 Carbon : 11.9736. 
 
 1 ( >xygen : 15.9633. 
 
 - Chlorine : 35.370. 
 
 5 Sulphur: 31. 
 
 Nitrogen: 14.021 
 
DRUGS AXD MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 19 
 
 Inorganic Chemical Products. 
 
 The process by which substances unite to form other sub- 
 stances or compounds is called chemical action, and the force 
 with which they so unite is called chemical attraction or affinity ; 
 mineral chemical substances are called inorganic; vegetable 
 and animal chemical substances are called organic. 
 
 Inorganic Chemical products are produced by the union of 
 mineral bases with acids, and the salts thus composed consti- 
 tute a large share of the chemicals of pharmacy and commerce. 
 The salts thus formed bear the names both of the base and 
 acid of which they are composed ; for examples, acetate of 
 potassium or potassium acetate, sulphate of iron or ferrous 
 sulphate, bi-chloride of mercury or mercuric chloride, etc. 
 
 The names of chemical salts are distinguished by certain 
 prefixes or terminations, which indicate in a measure the pro- 
 portions of the combinations. For a full understanding of 
 these, and chemical nomenclature in general, the reader is 
 referred to standard words of chemistry. 
 
 VEGETABLE DRUGS. 
 
 By far the greater number of substances used in medicine 
 are of vegetable origin. Nearly every plant that grows has at 
 one time or another played its part in the history of Pharmacy, 
 and newly-discovered ones, with "wonderful virtues," are still 
 being brought to light from " lands beyond the sea." 
 
 Hut little attention is now given by Pharmacists to gathering 
 and curing vegetable drugs ; that branch of the business, which 
 was in former time an important part of the trade of the 
 Apothecary, being given over to collectors and others who 
 have better facilities for carrying it on. Vegetable substances 
 are, or should be, gathered at the season when they contain 
 the greatest amount of medicinal value, and are prepared for 
 market in various ways, which depend largely upon the intel- 
 ligence, experience and convenience of the collectors. 
 
 A brief mention of crude vegetable drugs, and the methods 
 
20 DRUCiS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 employed for preparing them for the market may not be 
 superfluous. 
 
 Balsams. — Main- substances of quite different consistence 
 and composition are classed as Balsams. They are generally 
 gathered by puncturing pustular cells in the bark, or by making 
 cuts or incisions in the bark or wood of certain trees or plants. 
 They are liquid, semi-solid or solid. 
 
 Barks. — Barks are gathered in the early spring just after 
 the sap has started to flow. The bark ma}' then be readily 
 stripped from the branches, trunk or root, and it contains as 
 much or more medicinal value than at any other season. The 
 bark from twigs or small branches is easiest removed by 
 heating them over a fire and then pounding them with a billet 
 of wood. The trunk-bark of trees is generally removed in 
 slabs or strips, the outer portion being shaved or hewed off and 
 discarded, the inner bark only being used ; the root-bark has 
 usually to be shaved off. Barks are dried in the open air or 
 by moderate heat in kilns, evaporators, or other heating appa- 
 ratus, and come into the market in the form of quills, small 
 slabs, stripes, or broken in small pieces. They are then cut. 
 crushed, ground, or powdered as desired for sale or use. 
 
 Berries. — Under the common name of berries are included 
 many of the smaller fruits, like strawberry, raspberry, etc.; the 
 small fleshy fruits, like juniper, ash, and laurel, and the dry, un- 
 ripe berries, like cubeb, spice, and pepper. The juices of some 
 berries are used, while others are gathered and dried by suit- 
 able heating apparatus, to prepare them for the market. 
 
 Buds. — A few kinds of leaf-buds, like Balm of Gilead, are 
 gathered, dried, and used in medicine ; but the term is usually 
 used in Pharmacy to designate undeveloped flower-buds, of 
 which cloves and cassie-buds are examples. They are gathered 
 in their proper season, and dried in the open air for the 
 market. 
 
 Flowers. — Flowers should be gathered in their early blos- 
 soming before they have passed their prime ; many, even, are 
 best gathered when the buds are opening. They are usually 
 gathered with as little of the stalk as possible, except in the case 
 of plants and herbs, which are gathered entire at the season of 
 
DRUGS AND .MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 21 
 
 flowering. Flowers should be dried with as little exposure as 
 possible, and packed away in a dry, cool place. 
 
 Fruit. — Fruit is a botanical name for all kinds of vegetable- 
 growths enclosing and including seeds ; but different kinds of 
 fruit are classed and named according to their peculiarities : as 
 fleshy fruits, of which apples and berries are examples, stone 
 fruits, of which the peach and cherry are examples, and dry 
 fruits, which include nuts, capsular and other dry fruits, seeds, 
 etc. Fruits are generally gathered when the seeds are ripe, 
 and are dried, preserved, or otherwise treated according to 
 their nature and use. Fleshy and stone fruits should be dried 
 in an evaporator or other suitable drying apparatus, while the 
 dry fruits are either sufficiently dry when ripe, or maybe dried 
 in the open air. Many of the fruits are classed commercially as 
 berries, nuts, seeds, capsules, etc. 
 
 Gums and Gum-Resins. — Among the natural vegetable 
 substances which are collected and put upon the market, a 
 certain class of gums and gum-resins may be included. They 
 are the exudations from plants either from the stings of 
 insects, or from incisions made for the purpose of collecting the 
 gum or gum-resin. The collection of gums and their prepara- 
 tion for the market forms a very large and important industry. 
 
 Besides the gums and gum-resins, there are many substances 
 known commercially as gums which are of an entirely different 
 character — as opium, which is a concreted juice, and catechu, 
 which is properly an extract. 
 
 Herbs. — In pharmacy herbs are understood to be the 
 upper portion of small plants, including the leaves, flowers and 
 small stalks, the larger stalks and roots being discarded. 
 ( onmiercially, the smaller plants, which are gathered entire, are 
 also classed with herbs. Herbs should generally be gathered 
 when in blossom, carefully dried without artificial heat, and 
 packed away in a cool, dry place. 
 
 Plants. Plants, as the term is understood botanically, include 
 all vegetable-growths, great or small ; but in pharmacy the name 
 is generally applied to small plants which are gathered and 
 
 used entire. They should be gathered about the season of 
 flowering, and dried without artificial heat. 
 
22 DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Leaves. — Leaves should be gathered when the plants or trees 
 arc at their fullest prime. With plants, this is generally a little 
 before the flowering season ; and with trees and shrubs, usually a 
 little before the ripening of the fruit. Leaves should be dried 
 without artificial heat and packed away in a cool, dry place. 
 
 Nuts. — Nuts are properly classed with fruits. They are 
 gathered when ripe, thoroughly dried and prepared in various 
 ways for the market. 
 
 Roots. — Commercially considered, roots are the parts of 
 plants which grow in the ground; in pharmacy, however, they 
 are divided into several classes according to their nature — as 
 root, rhizome, rootlets, bulb, cormus, tuber, etc., the three latter 
 not being properly classed with roots. Roots should generally 
 be gathered after the leaves are off the plants in the fall, or before 
 they start in the spring. The bark, only, of many woody roots 
 is used, while some are gathered entire, being cut, sliced, 
 crushed or otherwise prepared for market. The rhizome is 
 the main portion of the root or rootstock, to which the root- 
 lets, if any, are attached. Of the roots which consist of 
 rhizome and rootlets, some are used entire, while others, only 
 the rhizome or rootlets may be used. 
 
 The bulb, cormus and tuber are classed with roots com- 
 mercially, but are botanically dissimilar. Bulbs are usually 
 sliced and dried ; cormus and tuber ma)- be sliced or dried 
 whole. 
 
 Seeds. — Many of the so-called " seeds," as caraway, carda- 
 mom, coriander, fennel, etc., are classed in pharmacy as fruit. 
 The botanical distinction being, that when two or more 
 separate seeds are enclosed by a pericarp or envelope, the 
 structure is called fruit, while the seed itself is a single ovule, 
 containing the embryo and its nutriment. Seeds are generally 
 gathered when ripe and dried if necessary by natural heat. 
 Some of the fruits which are commercially classed as seeds 
 require artificial heat. 
 
 Woods. — The greater part of the woods used in the drug- 
 business are for dyeing purposes. A few, however, are used as 
 medicine. They are generally furnished to druggists in chips, 
 or shavings, or ground to the proper fineness for use. 
 
DRUGS AXD .MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 23 
 
 Pharmaceutical and Chemical Products. 
 
 The man}- products which are derived from vegetable sub- 
 stances may conveniently be classed *as pharmaceutical and 
 chemical. In the former class ma}- be included such as are 
 generally prepared by pharmacists in their business, and in 
 the latter, such as are usually prepared by the larger manu- 
 facturing chemists. Of the former class, fluid extracts, solid 
 extracts, tinctures, spirits, syrups, etc., and of the latter, the 
 alkaloids and their salts, vegetable acids, alcohol and distilled 
 spirits, etc., ma)- be mentioned. 
 
 ANIMAL DRUGS. 
 
 But few animal substances, comparatively, are used in medi- 
 cine, yet in the aggregate the drugs derived from the animal 
 kingdom form quite a percentage of the druggists' stock. 
 
 In the early days of medicine, animal substances were used 
 to a great extent — the most ridiculous and foolish use being- 
 made of them — but, as the science of medicine has emerged 
 from its early superstitions, they have been mostly dropped, 
 and only such as are of known value retained. 
 
 The fats and oils obtained from animal tissue constitute the 
 greater portion of animal-matter used in pharmacy. Some ex- 
 pensive animal substances, such as musk and ambergris are used 
 quite extensively in perfumer)-. Pepsin, pancreatin, albumen, 
 the meat extracts, etc., arc used internally. Cantharides is 
 most used externally, and many other animal substances have 
 various uses in medicine or pharmacy. 
 
 Pharmaceutical and Chemical Products. 
 
 The pharmaceutical products prepared from animal sub- 
 stances are mainly the cerates, ointments and plasters, in 
 which animal fats and wax arc used as bases. Several 
 tinctures also are prepared from animal substances, such as 
 cantharides, castor, musk, etc. The chemical products consist 
 mainly of a few alkaloids and their salts, and may Include 
 pepsin, pancreatin. etc., as they are not usually prepared 
 except by manufacturing establishments. 
 
PART II. 
 
 WORKING PROCESSES. 
 
 The processes which are here noted are such as druggists do 
 or may employ in their business, without expensive apparatus 
 or special pharmaceutical education. Many other processes 
 are employed by chemists and large manufacturers which it 
 would be needless to detail here, as they would not be used by 
 druggists generally. 
 
 DIALYSIS. 
 
 The process by which certain substances are separated from 
 other substances with which they are combined in solution, 
 by means of the diffusibility of liquids through a thin mem- 
 brane, is called Dialysis. 
 
 The physical principle, involved in this operation, is that 
 of the diffusion of liquids, called endosmosis and exosmosis. 
 Although this process is not officinal, it may be frequently 
 employed to advantage in pharmacy, and it no doubt merits 
 more consideration than it has hereto- 
 fore received. 
 
 In pharmacy, dialysis is employed 
 to separate what are known as colloid 
 (glue-like) substances, from their com- 
 bination in solution with crystallizable 
 substances. This is accomplished by 
 means of an apparatus called a Dialyzer, 
 imple form of which is here illustrated. 
 This apparatus may be made by any druggist, without 
 expense, and is sufficient for the requirements of most retail 
 dealers. Larger apparatus maybe made on the same principle. 
 
 24 
 
 < SP# 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — DIALYSIS. 25 
 
 It consists of an ordinary white glass 7-inch lamp-shade, the 
 bottom of which is covered over with parchment paper, which 
 is large enough to extend up the sides of the shade nearly two 
 inches, and which is held in place by two rubber bands. The 
 solution to be dialysed is placed in the apparatus thus 
 constructed, and floated on distilled water, contained in any 
 convenient earthenware vessel. (An earthenware milk-pan 
 which is shown in the cut, is convenient for this purpose, or an 
 ordinary wash-bowl may be used.) The dialyzer may be 
 suspended by a string from above, or set upon bottles in the 
 earthenware vessel, so that the surface of the liquid in the 
 dialyzer may be about on a level with the surface of the water 
 in the vessel. 
 
 Parchment paper for this purpose may be made by immersing 
 firm, unsized paper in a mixture of two measures of Sulphuric 
 Acid with one measure of water, and afterward washing it 
 thoroughly with pure water to remove all traces of acid. It 
 may also be bought, at a small price, of jobbers or dealers in 
 pharmaceutical apparatus. 
 
 Dialysis is applicable only to aqueous solutions, and the 
 process is used sometimes to obtain the colloid, and sometimes 
 the crystalloid, principles from their solutions. The colloid 
 substances are always retained in the floating vessel or dialyzer, 
 while the crystalloid substances are found in the water with 
 which the dialysis is conducted. In working the process to 
 obtain tin: colloid substances, the water in the vessel should 
 be changed every day ; but in working it to obtain the crystal- 
 loids, as little water as is necessary for the purpose should be 
 used, for it has subsequently to be evaporated to obtain the 
 crystallizable substance. Gum arabic is a familiar example of 
 a colloid, and sugar, of a crystalloid substance. If they are 
 both represented in a solution, the gum will be retained in the 
 floating vessel, while the sugar will gradually be transferred 
 to tin- water, in which it floats. 
 
 In conducting the process of dialysis it should be continued 
 so long as the water in the lower vessel contains appreciable 
 traces of tin- soluble crystalloid, or other substance, which the 
 process is designed to remove. Dialysed iron is probably the 
 most familiar colloid preparation made by dialysis. 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — DISTILLATN >N. 
 
 DISTILLATION. 
 
 The process of vaporizing a liquid or other substance, by the 
 aid of heat, and then condensing the vapor to a liquid by cold, 
 in an apparatus called a still,* is known as Distillation. 
 
 This process is used for separating liquids of a less from 
 those of a greater specific gravity; for separating liquids from 
 soluble substances which they hold in solution ; for separating 
 volatile substances from grosser matter with which they are 
 associated, and for purifying and freeing liquids from objec- 
 tionable matter. 
 
 As applied to pharmacy, distillation is employed for recov- 
 ering alcohol from many preparations which are required to be 
 concentrated by evaporation, such as fluid extracts, solid ex- 
 tracts, etc., for distilling medicinal waters and spirits, for obtain- 
 ing ethers, essential oils, etc., and for many other purposes. 
 
 Although distillation is frequently directed in the Pharma- 
 copoeia, no advice nor instructions are given in regard to it, it 
 being assumed that druggists are sufficiently familiar with the 
 
 * Fenner's Water-bath and Still is a convenient, simple apparatus 
 for evaporating and distilling. It consists of a cylindrical, shallow vessel, A, 
 into which is fitted the shallow evaporating 
 
 pan, B (which 
 
 serves as the 
 
 vessel for open 
 
 evaporation, 
 
 and also for 
 
 evaporation 
 
 during distilla- 
 tion) ; and the 
 
 SECTIONAL VIEW. COIlical Still IlENNER,S Water -^ATH AND STILL. 
 
 top, 6", in which the vapor, which rises, is condensed during the process of 
 distillation. This apparatus is constructed specially for evaporating and 
 distilling; it is low and shallow, having a large bottom surface, fitting it well 
 for rapid evaporation and distillation. Fenner's Water-bath Percolator and 
 Still may be employed for the same purposes, but as it is constructed for 
 percolation also, corresponding sizes do not present so large a surface for 
 evaporation and distillation as does the Water-bath and Still. 
 
 Druggists will find it a great convenience to have the Water-bath and 
 Still, as well as the Water-bath Percolator and Still, for they are often both 
 required at the same time. 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — EVAPORATION. 27 
 
 process to enable them to conduct it properly. A few sugges- 
 tions, however, may not here be amiss. 
 
 To distill medicated waters or other aqueous substances no 
 water-bath is required, the distillation of such liquids being 
 more rapid, and equally as satisfactory, without it. If herbs, 
 leaves, flowers, seeds or other similar substances are to be 
 distilled, they should be protected from contact with the 
 bottom of the still by a false bottom, so that they may not 
 "scorch," and sufficient water should be used with them to 
 prevent the extract which collects at the bottom from " burn- 
 ing down." At least, double the quantity of water that is 
 taken of the drug should be used. 
 
 To obtain oils from medicinal plants, seeds, etc., the most 
 approved method is to pass a current of steam through the 
 herbs, or other substances, by which the particles of oil are 
 vaporized and carried over with the steam and condensed, 
 being afterwards gathered from the surface of the water. 
 
 To distill or recover Alcohol or any substance of less 
 specific gravity than water, the liquid should be placed in the 
 water-bath and the heat communicated to it, by heating the 
 water surrounding it. The boiling point of the alcohol or 
 other lighter liquid being lower than the boiling point of 
 water, it is vaporized and condensed in the still ; the heavier 
 liquids and extractive matter remaining in the water-bath. 
 
 When drugs are percolated with alcohol, or a partly alco- 
 holic menstruum, the menstruum remaining in the drug can be 
 recovered by transferring the moist drug to the water-bath of 
 the still and distilling in the usual manner. If the water-bath 
 percolator and still is used, it is unnecessary to transfer the 
 drug, as the still top can be adjusted, heat applied, and the 
 distillation completed without further trouble. 
 
 The process of distillation is a very important and economical 
 one in pharmacy, and is much less employed than it should be. 
 
 EVAPORATION. 
 
 As applied to pharmacy, evaporation is the process by 
 which, with tin: aid of heat, the volume <>!' liquids or other 
 substance may he reduced. It is employed for many purposes 
 
28 W< >RKING PR( >( ESSES — EVAPORATION. 
 
 in the practice of pharmacy, and is so familiar to druggists, 
 that but little need be said regarding it in this article. 
 
 The vessels used for evaporating should be broad and low, or 
 shallow, to give a larger surface for the application of heat and 
 the escape of vapor. Evaporating dishes are made of glass, 
 iron (enameled or glazed), platinum, porcelain, tin, etc. 
 
 Heat is applied in various ways for the purpose of evapo- 
 rating — by the ordinary methods, by water-bath, sand-bath, 
 steam, heated air, etc. 
 
 For rapid evaporation, heat over an open fire or by means of 
 steam is best ; but for making many preparations, such as 
 extracts, fluid extracts, etc., slower evaporation is necessary, 
 that the preparation may not be injured by the heat. For 
 this purpose the water-bath* is the most convenient for drug- 
 gists' use, as by it the heat can be regulated and maintained 
 at any desired temperature. In large establishments the 
 vacuum pan, which is still better for the purpose, is employed. 
 This consists of a large pan and chamber covering it, from 
 which the air is removed by means of an air-pump, causing 
 the liquid in the pan to evaporate at a much lower temperature 
 than in the open air. 
 
 The most serviceable, cheap, evaporating dish, is the ordi- 
 nal'}- granite-iron stove skillet, or frying-pan. Any ordinary 
 evaporating dish may be set in a vessel of water, which wall 
 answer as a water-bath. A sand-bath may be made by partly 
 filling an iron basin with sand and setting the evaporating 
 dish in it. 
 
 For very slow evaporation a warming closet may be made, 
 by fastening a box against the wall and heating it with a lamp 
 placed underneath a hole in the bottom ; smaller holes should 
 also be provided in the upper surface for the escape of vapor. 
 This box can be so arranged with shelves that a number of 
 evaporating dishes may be placed in it at the same time. 
 
 *The water-bath which forms a part of Fenner's Water-Bath axd 
 Still is very convenient for the purpose of evaporation. It is shown in 
 the sectional view on page 26 by the vessels A and B. Fenner's Water- 
 Bath PERCOLATOR (see page 41 ) may also be used for the same purpose, it 
 being necessary only to put the liquid to be evaporated into the percolator 
 and leave off the cover. 
 
EXPRESSION — FILTRATION. 
 
 EXPRESSION. 
 
 The process of expression is employed more or less for many 
 uses in pharmacy, the apparatus and manner of working being 
 governed by what is required to be done. 
 
 In making tinctures, fluid extracts, etc., a considerable 
 quantity of menstruum is left in the drug after the percolation 
 is completed, and it is economy to recover it by pressure in a 
 tincture press or other suitable apparatus ; pressure is also 
 employed as the chief operation in some processes for making 
 fluid extracts (see Fluid Extracts). In choosing a tincture 
 press for any purpose, it is not economy to get the smallest 
 sizes, a one- or two-gallon press being none too large for most 
 pharmaceutical work. The drugs to be expressed should be 
 inclosed in a coarse burlap bag or cloth, and the pressure 
 should be long continued rather than too quick and forcible, 
 that the liquid may have time to become separated from the 
 drugs. In pressing pulpy or mucilaginous drugs it is an 
 advantage to mix them with some loose non-absorbing 
 material, rice chaff, for example, to facilitate the operation. 
 Fruit juices, in a small way, are best expressed by hand pres- 
 sure, except such fruits as lemon, orange, etc., which can be 
 pressed with a lemon squeezer. In a large way, fruit may be 
 pressed in large wooden presses, the layer presses being the 
 best variety for this purpose. In using small presses nothing 
 is gained by trying to press too much at a time, the operation 
 being more satisfactory in moderate quantities. 
 
 There are several good kinds of presses to be had for phar- 
 maceutical purposes, the " Enterprise " being as convenient 
 and serviceable as any. There are several so-called " pressure 
 percolators" now sold, but, in our opinion, they arc not con- 
 venient percolators, and they certainly fail to do the work of 
 a press. 
 
 FILTRATION. 
 
 The process of separating insoluble matter from liquids, by 
 
 means <>f any substance or medium which will prevent iis 
 
 passage, is called filtration. 
 
30 WORKING PROCESSES — FILTRATION. 
 
 Filtration, as it is employed in pharmacy, is usually conducted 
 by means of filtering paper contained in a conical receptacle 
 called a funnel ;* but larger operations are carried on by other 
 contrivances which will admit of a more rapid filtration. 
 
 The process of filtration is so familiar that it needs no 
 explanation ; but a few suggestions are here made for the 
 benefit of the inexperienced. 
 
 In filtering a liquid which contains a precipitate (unless the 
 precipitate is designed to clear the liquid, as magnesia or 
 pumice-stone are used) the liquid should be poured carefully 
 off and filtered first, the precipitated portion being added after 
 most of the liquid has passed through the filter; this makes 
 the process more rapid. 
 
 The first portion that passes through the filter should be 
 returned to it and re-filtered, as, when the filter is dry, it 
 admits of the passage of small particles which are retained 
 when its fibers have had time to swell by the absorption of 
 moisture. 
 
 In filtering liquids containing albuminous or gummy pre- 
 cipitates, it is also advantageous to put a coarse cotton cloth 
 strainer on the inside of the filter paper ; this catches the pre- 
 cipitate or albuminous substance, which may be removed with 
 it, or in which it may be pressed to strain out the liquid, and 
 thus make the filtration more rapid. 
 
 * Fenner's Spiral Filter Rack is a convenience for keeping the 
 filtering paper off the sides of the funnel when filtering. It is made of 
 tinned steel wire, of different sizes to fit 
 different size funnels. 
 
 It is simple, cleanly, durable, efficient and 
 cheap. The cut shows it as it is adjusted in 
 the funnel ready for use. 
 
 Heat often assists the process of filtering 
 heavy liquids or oils. It may be conveniently 
 applied by putting a filter inside of Fenner's 
 water-bath percolator, and applying heat by 
 means of the water-bath. For supporting 
 the funnel during filtration, Fenner's Funnel 
 Rack, which is shown in the cut, is very con- 
 venient. 
 
 Further remarks on filtering will be found in the article on " Economy in 
 Percolating and Filtering," page 39. 
 
FINENESS OF POWDER. 31 
 
 A plaited filter is generally used, except when a filter-rack 
 is employed, then the ordinary folded (quartered) filter is used. 
 
 Besides filtering through paper, other means are often 
 employed by druggists. Syrups and heavy liquids may be 
 filtered through a flannel or cotton strainer, or felt filters that 
 are made expressly for this purpose. Charcoal and sand, in 
 alternate layers, are employed for filtering light liquids when 
 larger quantities are to be filtered. 
 
 A little charcoal in powder, or powdered pumice-stone 
 sprinkled in the filter, will often assist to clear preparations 
 that are difficult to filter clear. 
 
 FINENESS OF POWDER. 
 
 To properly obtain the soluble constituents of drugs by the 
 process of percolation, they should be so comminuted or divided 
 that the menstruum may readily dissolve all soluble matter. 
 
 To this end, different drugs are directed to be reduced to 
 different degrees of fineness as experience has shown to be 
 best suited to their nature. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia has adopted the following 
 standard for the fineness of powders: 
 
 ( should pass through a \ 
 A very fine powder - sieve having 80 or more \ equals No. 80 powder. 
 
 ( meshes to the linear inch, ) 
 
 ( should pass through a ) 
 A fine powder - sieve having 60 meshes to > equals No. 60 powder. 
 
 ( the linear inch, ) 
 
 , , . . . 1 should pass through a ) 
 
 A moderately fine \ . , \ f / , „ 
 
 - sieve having 50 meshes to V equals No. ;o powder. 
 pow.hr ; .' s ? ' - ' 
 
 f the linear inch, ) 
 
 A moderately coarse 
 
 should pass through a J 
 - sieve having 40 meshes to r equals No. 40 powder. 
 ( the linear inch, ) 
 
 1 should pass through a ) 
 / oarse powder - sieve having 20 meshes to V equals No. 20 powder. 
 ( the linear inch, ) 
 
 Other degrees of fineness than ■ the foregoing are often 
 directed. 
 
32 FINENESS OF POWDER. 
 
 It is desirable for the purpose of percolation that the pow- 
 der used should be as uniform as possible, it is therefore 
 directed in the Pharmacopoeia that " not more than a small 
 proportion of the powder should be able to pass through a 
 sieve having ten meshes or more to the linear inch." While this 
 direction is valuable for securing a uniform powder and there- 
 by promoting the process of percolation, it is, in our opinion, 
 unwise to specify this limit ; for in reducing drugs to different 
 fineness of powder by any process which druggists may com- 
 mand, it is obvious that, unless the powder is very fine, quite a 
 proportion of it will be much finer than the coarsest powder 
 which will pass through the sieve having the required number of 
 meshes to the inch. If this portion is separated from the coarser 
 powder by sifting, that which remains will not truly represent 
 the entire substance of the drug from which it was prepared. 
 
 In preparing a powder, therefore, for percolation the entire 
 quantity of drug which is taken should be reduced to a powder 
 that will pass through a sieve having the required number of 
 meshes ; or, if this produces a powder too fine for successful 
 percolation, a coarser sieve should be used ; for it is better to 
 use a coarser powder than to remove any portion of the drug 
 which would be represented by the finer powder. 
 
 For the reasons stated the powders directed in the formula? 
 of the U. S. P., are, as a rule, too fine for successful percolation 
 by the majority of druggists, and better results will be secured 
 by using about one grade coarser powder than is designated. 
 
 Drugs are usually reduced to the required degree of fineness 
 for percolation by grinding in a drug mill, but when finer pow- 
 ders are required the old, time-honored mortar and pestle 
 comes into play. But few druggists, however, attempt to make 
 what are known in the market as " powdered drugs." They 
 are usually bought of reliable houses who make a business of 
 putting them up. 
 
 Drugs "ground for percolation " may also be bought in the 
 market, but as the}- always come in bulk without the guarantee 
 of a reliable house, they are liable to adulteration, or to be 
 ground from old or worthless drugs, and it is much better for 
 the druggist to grind them himself, as needed, from reliable 
 crude drugs. 
 
INFUSION AND DECOCTION — MACERATION. 33 
 
 INFUSION AND DECOCTION. 
 
 The process of INFUSION consists in steeping drugs at a 
 temperature below the boiling point of water, in an aqueous 
 or other menstruum, for the purpose of extracting their solu- 
 ble medicinal constituents. For this purpose, "infusion pots," 
 which contain a perforated cup or receptacle for the drug, 
 which is surrounded by hot water during the operation, are 
 furnished by manufacturers of chemical ware. A covered 
 granite-ware, or earthen-ware, vessel will answer the same 
 purpose ; the Avater-bath percolator is however the best 
 adapted of any apparatus for the purpose of infusion, as the 
 heat can be maintained and the liquid drawn off by the stop- 
 cock whenever it is desired. For making infusions, boiling 
 water is usually poured upon the drug and the heat continued 
 to nearly the boiling point for from one to two hours. 
 
 The process of DECOCTION consists in boiling the drugs in 
 an aqueous menstruum for fifteen minutes or longer to obtain 
 their soluble properties. This may be done in an open or 
 covered vessel, but the process is now but little employed. 
 The water-bath percolator is a very convenient apparatus for 
 decoctions, as the heat may be maintained to boiling for any 
 length of time, and the liquid then drawn off by the stop-cock. 
 
 MACERATION. 
 
 When percolation came to be the officinal process for ex- 
 hausting drugs, maceration, the process of our forefathers, 
 was mostly abandoned, but we are glad to see that in the pres- 
 ent pharmacopoeia its value is again recognized, and that 
 many preparations, which have of late been made by percola- 
 tion, arc now again made by maceration. In addition to this, 
 the new pharmacopoeia, in making most of the tinctures and 
 some extracts, gives the very much needed direction to 
 macerate twenty-four hours with a portion of the menstruum 
 before packing in the percolator. Maceration is the necessary 
 primary Step to successful percolation. It softens the drug. 
 
34 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 
 
 dissolves its soluble properties and loads the menstruum with 
 them, ready to be carried away by the subsequent process of 
 percolation. 
 
 The new British Pharmacopoeia (1885) directs maceration 
 for from twenty-four to forty-eight hours as a preliminary step 
 to percolation in making tinctures, etc. The German, French, 
 and other continental European authorities direct maceration 
 mainly for obtaining the strength of drugs ; and although 
 percolation, when properly conducted, has great advantages 
 over any other process for obtaining the strength of drugs, 
 without maceration it fails to accomplish its full purpose. 
 
 Whenever percolation is employed, sufficient time should be 
 given for maceration to loosen and dissolve the soluble proper- 
 ties of the drug. If alcohol is the menstruum employed, the 
 maceration may be conducted after packing the percolator; 
 but if water forms a portion of the menstruum, the drug 
 should first be macerated with a portion of the menstruum 
 sufficiently long to allow it to swell before it is packed in the 
 percolator. 
 
 Any convenient covered vessel may be used for macerating 
 drugs designed to be percolated. For small quantities, glass, 
 specie or salt mouth jars, earthen-ware fruit jars, or covered 
 granite-ware stew-pans, are very convenient, even tin cans will 
 not be injurious for most drugs. Drugs to be thus macerated 
 should be thoroughly moistened with a portion of the men- 
 struum and covered to prevent exposure and evaporation. 
 When preparations are prepared entirely by maceration, the 
 drugs should be put in a suitable glass jar or vessel, the men- 
 struum added, and be frequently agitated for several days. 
 
 PERCOLATION. 
 
 The directions for percolation are very complete and minute 
 in the present pharmacopoeia ; they are therefore repeated 
 here in full ; 
 
 •• The process of percolation or displacement directed in this (1880) Phar- 
 macopoeia consists in subjecting a substance or substances in powder con- 
 tained in a vessel called a percolator, to the solvent action of successive 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 35 
 
 portions of menstruum, in such a manner that the liquid as it traverses the 
 powder in its descent to the recipient, shall be charged with the soluble portion 
 of it, and pass from the percolator free from insoluble matter. 
 
 " When the process is successfully conducted, the first portion of the 
 liquid or percolate, passing through the percolator will be nearly saturated 
 with the soluble constituents of the substance treated ; and if the quantity of 
 menstruum be sufficient for its exhaustion, the last portion of the percolate 
 will be destitute of color, odor and taste, other than that possessed by the 
 menstruum itself. 
 
 " The percolator most suitable for the quantities contemplated by this Phar- 
 macopoeia should be nearly cylindrical, or slightly conical, with a funnel- 
 shaped termination at the smaller end. The neck of this funnel-end should 
 be rather short, and should gradually and regularly become narrower toward 
 the orifice, so that a perforated cork, bearing a short glass tube, may be 
 tightly wedged into it from within until the end of the cork is flush with its 
 outer edge. The glass tube, which must not protrude above the inner surface 
 of the cork, should extend from one and one-eighth to one and one-half inch 
 (three or four centimetres), beyond the outer surface of the cork, and should 
 be provided with a closely fitting rubber tube, at least one-fourth longer than 
 the percolator itself, and ending in another short glass tube, whereby the 
 rubber tube may be so suspended that its orifice shall be above the surface of 
 the menstruum in the percolator, a rubber band holding it in position. 
 
 " The dimensions of such a percolator, conveniently holding 500 grammes 
 of powdered material, are preferably the following : Length of body, fourteen 
 inches (36 centimetres) ; length of neck, two inches (5 centimetres) ; internal 
 diameter at top, four inches (10 centimetres) ; internal diameter at beginning 
 of funnel-shaped end, two and one-half inches (6.5 centimetres) ; internal 
 diameter of the neck, one-half inch (12 millimetres), gradually reduced at the 
 end to two-fifths of an inch (10 millimetres). It is best constructed of glass, 
 but, unless so directed, may be constructed of a different material. 
 
 " The percolator is prepared for percolation by gently pressing a small tuft 
 of cotton into the space of the neck above the cork, and a small layer of clean 
 and dry sand is then poured upon the surface of the cotton to hold it in place. 
 
 " The powdered substance to be percolated (which must be uniformly of 
 the fineness directed in the formula, and should be perfectly air-dry before it 
 is weighed) is put into a basin, the specified quantity of menstruum is poured 
 on and it is thoroughly stirred with a spatula, or other suitable instrument, 
 until it appears uniformly moistened. The moist powder is then passed 
 through a coarse sieve — No. 40 powders, and those which are finer, requiring 
 No. 20 sieve, whilst No. 30 powders require a No. 15 sieve for this purpose 
 Powders of a less degree of fineness usually do not require this additional treat- 
 ment after the moistening. The moist powder is now transferred to a sheet 
 of thick paper and the- whole quantity poured from it into the percolator. It 
 is then shaken down lightly and allowed to remain in that position for a pi riod 
 varying from fifteen minutes to several hours, unless otherwise directed ; after 
 which the powder is pressed, by the aid of a plunger of suitable dimensions, 
 
36 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 
 
 more or less firmly, in proportion to the character of the powdered substance 
 and the alcoholic strength of the menstruum ; strongly alcoholic menstrua, as 
 a rule, permitting firmer packing of the powder than the weaker. The perco- 
 lator is now placed in a position for percolation, and, the rubber tube having 
 been fastened at a suitable height, the surface of the powder is covered by an 
 accurately fitting disk of filtering paper, or other suitable material, and a 
 sufficient quantity of the menstruum poured on through a funnel reaching 
 nearly to the surface of the paper. If these conditions are accurately observed, 
 the menstruum will penetrate the powder equally until it has passed into the 
 rubber tube and has reached, in this, the height corresponding to its level in 
 the percolator, which is now closely covered to prevent evaporation, and the 
 apparatus allowed to stand at rest for the time specified in the formula. 
 
 " To begin percolation, the rubber tube is lowered and its glass end intro- 
 duced into the neck of a bottle previously marked for the quantity of liquid to 
 be percolated, if the percolate is to be measured, or of a tared bottle, if the 
 percolate is to be weighed ; and by raising or lowering this recipient, the 
 rapidity of percolation may be increased or lessened as may be desirable, 
 observing, however, that the rate of percolation, unless the quantity of material 
 taken in operation is largely in excess of the pharmacopceial quantities, shall 
 not exceed the limit of ten to thirty drops in a minute. A layer of menstruum 
 must constantly be maintained above the powder, so as to prevent the access 
 of air to its interstices, until all has been added, or the requisite quantity of 
 percolate has been obtained. This is conveniently accomplished, if the space 
 above the powder will admit of it, by inverting a bottle containing the entire 
 quantity of menstruum over the percolator in such a manner that its mouth 
 may dip beneath the surface of the liquid, the bottle being of such shape that 
 its shoulder will serve as a cover for the percolator. 
 
 " When the dregs of a tincture, or similar preparation, are to be subjected 
 to percolation, after maceration with all or with the greater portion of the 
 menstruum, the liquid portion should be drained off as completely as possible, 
 the solid portion packed in a percolator, as before described, and the liquid 
 poured on, until all has passed from the surface, when, immediately, a suffi- 
 cient quantity of the original menstruum should be poured on to displace the 
 absorbed liquid, until the prescribed quantity has been obtained." 
 
 The foregoing officinal directions cover the whole general 
 subject of percolation, and the remarks which follow are in- 
 tended as special consideration of improved methods, and the 
 difficulties which may arise in applying a general rule to the 
 treatment of a variety of substances. 
 
 The fineness of powder-to be used for percolation has been dis- 
 cussed under the article on fineness of powders, but it may be 
 here repeated that the powders directed in the formulas of the 
 pharmacopoeia are, as a rule, too fine for successful percolation, 
 and that the mass of druggists will have "better luck" to 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 37 
 
 choose a grade coarser powder than is specified in the officinal 
 formulae. 
 
 Moistening the drug is discussed in the officinal process, and 
 in the article on maceration, and it need only be remarked 
 that it is of great importance to have the drug thoroughly and 
 evenly moistened. Many druggists are in the habit of putting 
 the drug in the percolator and pouring the menstruum upon it 
 to moisten it, without even stirring it up ; this should never be 
 done, for, frequently, a portion of the drug will " cake " so that 
 it will not become moistened during the entire process of per- 
 colation. The drug should always be moistened in a basin or 
 other vessel, before putting into the percolator. 
 
 Macerating before percolating is discussed in the article on 
 maceration. It may be here repeated, however, that when 
 water is used as" a portion of the menstruum for percolation, 
 the drug should be moistened with the menstruum and 
 allowed to macerate for twenty-four hours, in order that it 
 may swell before, instead of after, packing in the percolator. 
 
 Packing the percolator. In packing the percolator much 
 depends upon the nature of the drug, the fineness of the pow- 
 der, etc. Loose, fibrous, or bulky drugs, such as arnica, 
 stillingia, buchu, etc., cannot be packed very firmly, but should 
 be made as compact as possible ; heavy drugs, such as aconite 
 root, valerian, golden seal, etc., do not require so much pres- 
 sure, but will pack much firmer; soft, spongy, or gummy 
 drugs, such as rhubarb, colocynth or squill, should not be 
 packed very firmly; coarse powders, as a rule, should be packed 
 more firmly than fine. The percolator should be packed from 
 the outside towards the centre and as evenly as possible. A 
 disc of paper and then a cover of perforated tin should be 
 placed upon the surface of the powder after it is packed to 
 secure the even distribution of the menstruum as it is poured 
 upon the drug. A glass or earthenware weight may be used 
 with advantage to hold the drug in its place. It should 
 generally be allowed to macerate for some time after the men- 
 struum is poured on before beginning to percolate. 
 
 The flow of percolate maybe regulated by the rubber tube, 
 as directed in the officinal process; by a loose cork in the 
 bottom of the percolator; or, if the water-bath percolator is 
 
38 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 
 
 used, by the stop-cock. The rapidity with which the percolate 
 should flow, depends very much upon the nature of the drug, 
 and the quantity required to be obtained as compared with the 
 quantity of drug being percolated ; for example, fluid extracts 
 should not be percolated so rapidly as tinctures, nor aconite as 
 rapidly as buchu. 
 
 With a certain class of drugs, the alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic 
 menstruum, with which the percolation is conducted, may be 
 forced out by adding water after the menstruum has dis- 
 appeared from the surface of the drug, and thereby make a 
 saving of alcohol ; but with others, which soften or make pre- 
 cipitates with an aqueous menstruum, the percolation must be 
 conducted to the end with the same menstruum. The men- 
 struum remaining in the drug after percolation, may be pressed 
 out with a tincture press and the alcohol recovered from it by 
 distillation. 
 
 Drugs Difficult to Percolate. 
 
 Many drugs present difficulties to the ordinary methods of 
 percolation and require special treatment ; this is generally 
 given in the formula; in which they are found ; but they may 
 be classed in a general way as follows : 
 
 i. Drugs that soften or make a pulpy mass upon the addi- 
 tion of the menstruum, such as orange, gentian, rhubarb, squill, 
 colocynth, etc. Such drugs should be well moistened and 
 macerated before packing ; they should be rather coarsely 
 powdered and rather loosely packed, and the percolation, when 
 begun, should be conducted rapidly, and continued to the end 
 with the same menstruum. 
 
 2. Gums and gum-resins which agglutinate or mass together 
 when the menstruum is added. These should be mixed with 
 an equal bulk of sand, sawdust, or rice chaff, and not packed, 
 but placed loosely, in the percolator, and the percolation con- 
 ducted in the usual manner. 
 
 3. Bulky drugs, like arnica, buchu, chamomile, etc. 
 Although these drugs are not difficult to percolate, they 
 absorb so much menstruum that the expense of making their 
 preparations is considerably increased. These should be 
 
WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 
 
 39 
 
 packed as firmly as possible, and held down in the percolator 
 with a weight during the process of percolation. 
 
 Economy in Percolating and Filtering. 
 
 [Much loss of Alcohol occurs by evaporation when the 
 ordinary percolator or filtering funnel are left uncovered during 
 percolation or filtration. To remedy this difficulty a simple 
 apparatus may be constructed by any druggist who will take 
 the trouble. It is shown in use in the following cut : 
 
 A, is the wooden cover, large enough to lit the top of a per- 
 colator or funnel; it is bound with a wooden hoop, whose 
 lower edge projects about half an inch below the under surface 
 
40 WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 of the cover ; to the wooden hoop is tacked a piece of 
 moderately thin-sheet rubber, so that the cover when com- 
 pleted, is like a drum-head, and, when it is used to cover a per- 
 colator or funnel, will make, by its elasticity, an air-tight 
 covering. 
 
 B, is a funnel tube, so bent as to prevent evaporation or 
 access of air. Through it, fresh menstruum or other liquid 
 may be introduced into the percolator or funnel. A glass or 
 metal tube answers the same purpose, and may be stopped 
 with a cork. This tube may be adjusted by boring a hole in 
 the wooden cover and punching a smaller hole in the rubber, 
 so that it will fit snug around the tube. 
 
 C, is a rubber tube attached at one end to a glass tube in 
 the cover (which passes through the rubber as heretofore de- 
 scribed), and at the other end to a tube in the stopper of the 
 receiving bottle. This tube allows the air to pass from the 
 receiving bottle into the percolator, and as the liquid fills the 
 bottle the air is forced from it into the percolator or funnel. 
 
 B, is a rubber tube attached to the percolator that connects 
 with a tube in the stopper of the receiving bottle, through 
 which the percolate passes ; if the lower end of the percolator 
 is too large for the rubber tube, a perforated cork, into which 
 a glass tube is inserted, may be placed in the neck of the 
 percolator for this purpose, as is directed in the pharmacopoeia 
 process. By raising or lowering the percolator or the receiving 
 bottle the flow of the percolate can be made more or less rapid, 
 as it works on the principle of the syphon. The receiving 
 bottle may be made of any wide-mouth bottle, holes being 
 bored in the cork for the insertion of the tubes to which the 
 rubber tubing is attached. 
 
 E, shows the perforated diaphragm of the percolator. 
 
 With this simple arrangement percolation or filtration can 
 be carried on for any length of time without exposure or loss 
 by evaporation. 
 
 WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 The process of water-bath percolation consists in subjecting 
 the powder contained in a percolator, surrounded by water, 
 
WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 41 
 
 to the action of a warm menstruum during the entire process 
 of maceration and percolation. By the means of the water- 
 bath the menstruum and powder are kept at any desired degree 
 of heat for any length of time.* 
 
 It is claimed for this process, that the heat employed is of 
 great aid in effecting the solution of the soluble constituents 
 of the substance or substances which are being exhausted, and 
 therefore, that it is much more rapid, efficient and economical 
 than the ordinary method of percolation. 
 
 By consulting the solubility tables, which may be found in 
 the pharmacopoeia and other standard works, it will be seen 
 that the medicinal principles of vegetable drugs (especially the 
 
 * The process of water-bath percolation as applied to pharmaceutical prepa- 
 rations and the apparatus, 
 
 FENNER'S water-bath percolator and still, 
 
 were patented February 7, 1882. 
 
 The process is an application of the well-known fact that a heated men- 
 struum dissolves the soluble portions of drugs much more readily and to a 
 much greater extent than the same menstruum when cold. 
 
 The apparatus is constructed with the view of serving its purpose in the best 
 possible manner, and since its introduction it is coming rapidly into use in all 
 parts of the country. 
 
 The following is a description and sectional view of the apparatus : 
 
 It consists of a Percolator, A, suspended in a 
 water-bath and connected externally by a stop-cock 
 through which the percolate is received, and a Still, 
 B, which may be adjusted whenever it is needed. 
 
 The percolator, A, is also the vessel into which 
 liquids are put for evaporation and distillation. 
 
 The percolator may be removed by unscrewing 
 the stop-cock at b, and lifting it out of the water- 
 bath. It should be removed after using in order to 
 dry the apparatus. 
 
 The perforated diaphragm at / prevents the 
 llj^K drug packing in the neck of the percolator and 
 wui-tN-xoM thereby hindering percolation. 
 The flow of tin- percolate can be regulated by the stop-cock ; it also serves 
 to draw off the residue after distillation or evaporation, 
 
 The vessel surrounding the Percolator is designed for water which is to be 
 
 heated when desired, forming a water-bath for the Percolator and its contents. 
 
 The Still //, can be adjusted when desired, by setting it into the percolator 
 
 or water-hath. The vapor rises to the inner surface of the cone of the- Still. 
 
42 
 
 WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 alkaloids and other substances in which their value chiefly 
 consists), are from several to several hundred times more 
 soluble in boiling water or alcohol than in cold. Although the 
 heat employed in water-bath percolation is seldom so high as 
 boiling alcohol or water, yet the solubility of the medicinal 
 principles is relatively increased according to the heat 
 employed ; and, as the object of percolation is to exhaust the 
 drug of. its soluble medicinal agents no other argument than 
 this for the application of heat during percolation seems nec- 
 essary, for it is evident that the value of the drug is much 
 more faithfully represented in preparations made in this 
 manner, and, that in making fluid or solid extracts, or other 
 concentrated preparations, a much less quantity of menstruum 
 is required to exhaust the drug, than when cold percolation is 
 employed. 
 
 As the question may be asked by many if heat does not 
 injure the preparations, it may be here stated that the degree 
 of heat directed cannot be injurious, as it is insufficient to 
 volatilize any of the medicinal principles of the drugs. 
 
 is condensed by the cold water on the outer surface of the cone, and the dis- 
 tillate is discharged in the form of a liquid at a, being conducted through a 
 rubber tube to any convenient receptacle. 
 
 The following cut represents the Water-bath Percolator and Still detached 
 and in use as a percolator. When used for 
 distilling, the cover of the percolator is to be 
 removed and the still top adjusted as heretofore 
 described. When used for evaporating, the 
 cover of the percolator is to be removed, and the 
 evaporation conducted in the ordinary way. 
 
 The water-bath percolator can be used as 
 readily for cold percolation as for warm, and, in 
 short, when all things are considered it is the 
 most serviceable, economical and convenient per- 
 colator in use. 
 
 These Water-bath Percolators and Stills are 
 now being used to a large extent in all parts 
 of the country, and the reports received from parties who have thoroughly 
 tested them are very flattering. 
 
 At no distant day the process of water-bath percolation is bound to super- 
 sede the ordinary method of percolating as completely as percolation, when it 
 was introduced, superseded the process of maceration. 
 
WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 43 
 
 The method of conducting water-bath percolation is as 
 follows : 
 
 The powdered drug is to be moistened with a portion of the 
 menstruum and either packed in the percolator at once, or 
 after macerating twenty-four hours, as the formula may direct. 
 A certain quantity of menstruum (as directed in the formula) 
 is then to be poured upon the drug and it is allowed to mace- 
 rate for a specified time in a warm place. It is then to be 
 heated (as directed in the formula) for a certain length of time 
 and the percolation then begun and continued until the drug 
 is exhausted, or until the required amount of percolate is 
 obtained. 
 
 The same general directions for packing the percolator, 
 keeping the drug covered with the menstruum, regulating the 
 flow of the percolate, etc., as are specified in the officinal 
 process, should be observed. 
 
 In the formulas contained in this book for making prepara- 
 tions by water-bath percolation, it is directed after packing in 
 the percolator and adding menstruum to the drug, to " set in 
 a warm place" for a certain length of time to macerate; by 
 this it is meant that the percolator and its contents should be 
 heated from 30 to 35 C. (86° to 95 F.) by any convenient 
 means. In summer a warm place in the store will suffice ; in 
 winter a shelf by the stove or other heating apparatus will do; 
 or a box, with a hinged door and holes in the bottom about 
 the size of the bottom of the percolators, may be fastened to 
 the side of tlie wall and the heat may be maintained by a coal 
 oil lamp placed beneath the percolator. 
 
 In large establishments warming closets heated by steam 
 pipes or other means may be arranged. It is not absolutely 
 necessary that heat should be maintained during maceration, 
 but better results will follow if it is. 
 
 The direction in the formulae "heat very moderately" 
 means that the temperature should not be higher than from 
 40 to 45° C. (104 to 1 1 3 F.); "heat moderately" means 
 that the' temperature should not exceed 6o° to 65 C. 
 
 (140° to 149° F.) — a higher temperature than this is seldom 
 necessary. 
 
 After the percolation is concluded, if sufficient Alcohol is 
 
44 SOLUTION. — WASHING PRECIPITATES. 
 
 retained in the drug to be of value, it may be recovered by 
 distillation. The amount of alcohol or other menstruum 
 retained varies with the nature of the drug — from one-fourth 
 to more than its entire original weight. In making any consid- 
 erable quantity of a preparation, it is important to save this 
 menstruum, which would otherwise be wasted, by distillation, 
 as stated in the article on distillation. 
 
 SOLUTION. 
 
 Solution is the process of dissolving solids or fluids by 
 means of other solids or fluids which combine with them and 
 hold them in a liquid state. The most common forms of solu- 
 tions are those in which a liquid is dissolved in another liquid, 
 as, for example, an essential oil in alcohol, or a solid in a liquid, 
 as sugar in water ; but some solutions are made by the action 
 of solid substances upon each other, as when camphor and 
 hydrate of chloral are combined. 
 
 No special apparatus is required for making solutions. 
 Many are made cold, while some are aided by heat with such 
 appliances as druggists usually possess. The solution of some 
 substances is facilitated by reducing them to a fine powder, 
 while others, as scale salts, etc., are best dissolved without 
 being made fine. In dissolving by the aid of heat the water- 
 bath is much employed. 
 
 WASHING PRECIPITATES. 
 
 The object of washing fresh precipitates is to free them 
 from soluble salts, or other substances with which they are 
 associated, which are soluble in water. 
 
 The usual manner of washing fresh precipitates, in a small 
 way, is to pour them upon a wet muslin strainer and filter 
 water through them until the soluble matter has all been 
 washed out. 
 
 This method is open to several objections: ist, exposure to 
 the atmosphere, which rapidly oxidizes many salts, especially 
 
WASHING PRECIPITATES. 45 
 
 the iron salts, rendering them insoluble ; 2d, waste, as consid- 
 erable of the precipitate is washed away by this method ; 3d, 
 inconvenience, as it requires the continued attention of the 
 operator. 
 
 Another method is to wash the precipitate in a large jar or 
 earthenware crock, by pouring upon it a quantity of water and 
 stirring thoroughly, then allowing the precipitate to settle, 
 drawing off the supernatant fluid with a syphon, pouring on 
 more fresh water, and thus continuing until the soluble matter 
 is washed out ; and then draining the precipitate upon a muslin 
 strainer. 
 
 The best method, however, is to make the precipitate in a 
 tall jar or crock, filled full of water; then, having fastened a 
 piece of rubber tubing to each end of a stick, insert it in the 
 jar in such a manner that a stream of water passing through 
 one rubber tube will reach to the bottom of the vessel, while 
 the water at the top of the jar will be carried off by means of 
 the other tube, which acts as a syphon. The water to wash 
 the precipitate can be supplied from a water-pipe, or from a 
 bucket set above the washing apparatus, into which the tube 
 is inserted as a syphon. The same result will be accomplished 
 by 'running the tube, through which the water is supplied, to 
 the bottom of the jar and allowing the water to overflow at 
 the top. 
 
 It will be seen that by this means the precipitate is con- 
 tinually washed, and that it is not exposed, nor wasted, as 
 only clear water is drawn off at the top of the jar, because the 
 precipitate has time to settle away from the surface of the 
 water where the waste tube is attached. Precipitates are 
 rapidly and thoroughly washc'd by this method. When the 
 soluble substances have all been washed out, the precipitate 
 should be poured upon a muslin strainer to drain, the water 
 may then be pressed out and the precipitate dissolved, or dried 
 as required. 
 
PART III 
 
 WORKING FORMULA. 
 
 In the formulae which follow we have endeavored to include 
 all preparations generally used or called for that can readily 
 be prepared by druggists. We have made no distinction 
 between officinal and unofficinal formulae, except to note the 
 former when the original text is followed. 
 
 For more convenient reference and comparison we have 
 attempted to classify the preparations as nearly as possible 
 under appropriate headings. We have endeavored to make 
 the formulae as plain, explicit and comprehensive as possible, 
 and have avoided as much as possible the use of technical 
 terms and tedious processes. The formulae are made from 
 actual work in the shop or laboratory, and are therefore 
 WORKING Formulae, which cannot fail to give good results, 
 provided they are carefully followed and good material is 
 used. In submitting them to our friends, it is with the 
 earnest hope that they may contribute something to that 
 store of knowledge which raises the pharmacist above the 
 mere tradesman, and that their use may put many a dollar in 
 the pocket of the druggist, which otherwise would be paid as 
 profit to manufacturers. 
 
 ABSTRACTA— ABSTRACTS. 
 
 These preparations are properly extracts of vegetable drugs 
 so diluted with Sugar of Milk that they represent the soluble 
 medicinal value of two parts of the drug in one part of the 
 abstract. They were introduced in the 6th Revision of the U. 
 
 46 
 
ABSTRACTS. 47 
 
 S. Pharmacopoeia, to supply a popular demand for " Powdered 
 Extracts " ; but as they are only double the strength of the 
 drug their value for such a purpose is questionable. They 
 have not as yet become popular, and it is doubtful if they are 
 retained in a subsequent revision of the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 The U. S. Pharmacopoeia process for abstracts is in sub- 
 stance as follows : 
 
 Exhaust 200 parts of the drug, by percolating with sufficient 
 menstruum, reserving the first 170 parts that pass; evaporate 
 the remaining percolate to 30 parts, adding it to the portion 
 reserved ; then add 50 parts Sugar of Milk ; allow to evapor- 
 ate slowly to dryness ; powder, and add enough Sugar of Milk 
 to make 100 parts. 
 
 The quantitive formulae for the officinal abstracts are as 
 follows : 
 
 1. Abstractum Aconiti. 
 
 Abstract of Aconite. 
 
 Aconite (root), 200 parts. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 2 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 2. Abstractum Belladonnae. 
 
 Abstract of Belladonna. 
 
 Belladonna (root), 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 3. Abstractum Conii. 
 
 Abstract of Conium, 
 
 Conium (fruit), 200 parts. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, 6 parts. 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 4. Abstractum Digitalis. 
 
 A bs tract of Digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis (leaves) 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . lOO parts. 
 
48 ABSTRACTS. 
 
 5. Abstractum Hyoscyami. 
 
 A bstract of Hyoscyamiis. 
 
 Hyoscyamus (leaves) '• . . . 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 6. Abstractum Ignatiae. 
 
 Abstract of Ignatia. 
 
 Ignatia (seed or bean), 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol 8, to Water 1 part, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 7. Abstractum Jalapae. 
 
 Abstract of Jalap. 
 
 Jalap (root or tuber) 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 8. Abstractum Nucis Vomicae. 
 
 Abstract of Nux Vomica. 
 
 Nux Vomica (seed), 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol 8, to Water 1 part 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 9. Abstractum Podophylli. 
 
 Abstract of PodopJiyllum. 
 
 Podophyllum (root) 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 10. Abstractum Senegae. 
 
 Abstract of Senega. 
 
 Senega (root) 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
ABSTRACTS. 49 
 
 11. Abstractum Valerianae. 
 
 Abstract of Valerian. 
 
 Valerian (root), 200 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, . 
 
 Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 
 
 12. Abstracts, by Water-Bath Percolation. 
 
 It is obvious that drugs from which abstracts are to be 
 made may be much more readily and economically exhausted 
 by water-bath percolation than by the cold process — much 
 less menstruum being required to exhaust the drug^ and the 
 result much more perfectly representing the active medicinal 
 agents. The following sample formula, which corresponds 
 with the official strength, but differs in manner of making, 
 will serve as a general formula for making abstracts by water- 
 bath percolation. 
 
 Abstracts of other drugs may be made in the same general 
 manner, by using the menstruum which is best suited to 
 obtain the medicinal value of the drug without obtaining 
 an unnecessary quantity of worthless extractive matter. 
 The menstruum which is employed for making the Fluid 
 Extract of the drug (see Fluid Extracts) will generally be 
 proper to use for making the abstract. 
 
 13. Abstract of Aconite. 
 
 Aconite (root), No. 60 powder, .... 16 ounces. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 75 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Sugar of Milk, in fine powder, each suffi- 
 cient to make, 8 ounces. 
 
 Moisten the drug with 6 ounces of Alcohol, and pack very 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it 10 ounces 
 of Alcohol and set in a warm place for three days; then heat 
 moderately [to about 6o° C. (140° F. 1 1, and after one hour 
 begin t" percolate, adding Alcohol t<> the drug, and continuing 
 the heat until 12 ounces have passed, which reserve. Con- 
 tinue the percolation until the drug is exhausted (<>r until 
 
50 ACETA — ACETATES — VINEGARS. 
 
 about 12 ounces more have passed). Evaporate this last 
 percolate by distillation to about 3 ounces, and add to the 
 portion previously reserved. Dissolve the acid in the liquid, 
 add 4 ounces of powdered Sugar of Milk, and set aside in a 
 moderately warm place [not over 50 C. (122 F.)], in an 
 evaporating dish covered with gauze. Let remain until 
 evaporated to dryness, then powder, weigh, and add enough 
 powdered Sugar of Milk to make 8 ounces. 
 
 The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
 recovered by distillation. 
 
 ACETA— ACETATES— VINEGARS. 
 
 Acetates. — Acetates are chemical or pharmaceutical products 
 in which acetic acid is used as a combining factor, or a solvent 
 for medicinal principles. The Acetates may be conveniently 
 classed as follows : 
 
 Chemicals, in which Acetic Acid unites with Alkalies, Alka- 
 loids, or metallic bases to form chemical salts ; as Acetate of 
 Potassium, Acetate of Morphine, Acetate of Lead, etc. 
 
 Solutions, in which Acetic Acid is combined with some base 
 but not sufficiently concentrated to crystallize, as solution or 
 liquor Acetate of Ammonium, solution Acetate of Iron ; or 
 simple solutions of Acetic salts in water or other liquid, as 
 solution Acetate of Morphine, etc. 
 
 Tinctures, in which an Acetic solution is diluted with an 
 alcoholic liquid, as tincture Acetate of Iron. 
 
 Vinegars, in which the medicinal value of the drug is ob- 
 tained by Acetic or diluted Acetic Acid as a menstruum. In 
 this class is included the Acetic fluid extracts, and the proper 
 aceta or vinegars which have long been known as pharma- 
 copceial preparations, and which will now be considered. 
 
 The Vinegars which were once quite popular galenicals are 
 now but little used ; they still hold their place, however, in the 
 pharmacopoeias. In the formulae for Vinegars which follow 
 •we have found it impracticable to exactly follow the pharma- 
 copoeias, because of the difference in name and acid strength 
 of Dilute Acetic Acid directed by different authorities, and 
 
VINEGARS. 51 
 
 some other peculiarities. We have therefore adopted a general 
 10 per cent. Standard of the active ingredient, and generally 
 the Diluted Acetic Acid of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia which 
 contains 6 per cent, of real Acetic Acid. We have also 
 added a small percentage of Alcohol in most of them, as is 
 customary in Continental Europe, because we are satisfied 
 that it is an advantage to the preparations. If fluid extracts 
 are used instead of crude drugs this addition will be 
 unnecessary. 
 
 14. Acetum — Vinegar. 
 
 Vinegar was formerly officinal in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 
 but is now deleted. It is still retained in the British, German 
 and many other Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 It should contain from 5^2 to 6 per cent, of absolute 
 Acetic Acid. When directed to be used, the ordinary com- 
 mercial Vinegar may generally be employed or Diluted Acetic 
 Acid of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, which contains about the 
 same percentage of Acid, may be used instead of it. 
 
 Acetification. — Acetification is the process by which Sac- 
 charine or hydro-alcoholic liquids are converted into vinegar. It 
 consists in the partial dehydration and subsequent oxidation 
 of the liquids by contact with the atmosphere. Domestic 
 vinegar-making is carried on in nearly every household by 
 exposing cider, saccharine or vinous liquids to heat and air. 
 In a large way vinegar is manufactured by running the liquids 
 many times through generators filled with beech-shavings or 
 corn-cobs, and perforated with numerous holes to admit free 
 circulation of air by which the oxidation is rapidly accom- 
 plished. 
 
 15. Acetum Aromaticum. 
 
 Aromatic Vinegar. 
 (Adapted from the German and French Pharmacopoeias.) 
 
 Oil of Lavender 1 part or 5 minims. 
 
 Nil of Peppermint, ... I part or 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary I part or 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Juniper, .... 1 part or 5 minims. 
 
52 ACETA — VINEGARS. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, .... i part or 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Lemon 2 parts or 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 2 parts or 10 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 300 parts or 31^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, . 450 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
 Water, 1,200 parts or 13 )/± fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol, add the Acid and Water, 
 and, after standing a few days, with frequent agitation filter 
 through paper. 
 
 This is used as an Aromatic toilet preparation and some- 
 times internally as a mild Aromatic Acid. 
 
 Several proprietary articles similiar to this, as Bully's Aro- 
 matic Vinegar, etc., etc., have a popular sale as toilet requisites. 
 
 16. Acetum Cantharidis. 
 
 Vinegar of Cantharides. 
 
 (ADAPTED FROM THE BRITISH PHARMACOPCEIA, 1885.) 
 
 Cantharides, bruised, . . . I part or 455 grains. 
 Glacial Acetic Acid, . . . 1 fl. part or 1 fl. ounce. 
 Acetic Acid, sufficient to make, 10 fl. parts or 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix 6 J / 2 fl. ounces of the Acetic Acid with the Glacial Acetic 
 Acid, and the Cantharides in a strong well-stopped quart 
 bottle. Digest the mixture in a water-bath by boiling gently 
 for two hours, then transfer to a glass percolator and perco- 
 late, adding enough Acetic Acid through the drug in the per- 
 colator to make 10 fl. ounces. It will be observed that this is 
 made with strong Acetic Acid instead of dilute as is usual with 
 the Vinegars. This is a strong vesicant used for blistering. 
 It may be applied with a camel-hair pencil. 
 
 17. Acetum Colchici. 
 
 Vinegar of Colchicum Seed or Tuber {Root). 
 
 Colchicum Seed or Tuber in coarse powder, 729 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, \y 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make . 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the alcohol with three ounces of the Diluted Acetic 
 Acid, and macerate the powder in the mixture for 24 hours; 
 
ACETA — VINEGARS. 53 
 
 then transfer to a glass percolator, and percolate, adding, when 
 the liquid has disappeared from the top, diluted Acetic Acid, 
 and continuing the percolation until 16 fl. ounces are obtained. 
 This preparation is officinal in several of the European 
 Pharmacopoeias. It is preferably made from the tuber (root), 
 and is a very good preparation of Colchicum, but is not much 
 used in this country. It is given for rheumatism and gout, the 
 dose being from 5 to 30 minims. 
 
 18. Acetum Digitalis. 
 
 I r inegar of Digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 729 grains. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. A heart 
 stimulant, diuretic and nervine. Dose )4 to I fl. drachm, not 
 exceeding 3 fl. drachms per day. This corresponds very nearly 
 to the formula of the German Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 19. Acetum Lobeliae. 
 
 J'iuegar of Lobelia. 
 
 Lobelia Herb in coarse powder, . . 729 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. An emetic, 
 expectorant, antispasmodic, etc. Dose 5 to 30 minims. This 
 corresponds with the United States Pharmacopoeia, 1880 for- 
 mula, except in the addition of the alcohol. 
 
 20. Acetum Opii, U. S., 1880. 
 
 / 'iiugar of Opium. 
 
 Opium in powder 729 grains. 
 
 Nutmeg in powder 218 grains. 
 
 Sugar 1458 grains. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 Mix tin: Opium and Nutmeg and macerate them with 12 
 fl. ounces of Diluted Acetic Acid for 24 hours, then drain off 
 
54 ACETA — VINEGAR' 
 
 the liquid, put the drugs in a percolator and percolate with the 
 liquid ; dissolve the sugar in the percolate by agitation, and 
 add enough Diluted Acetic Acid through the percolator to 
 make 16 fl. ounces of the mixture. 
 
 The addition of i*< fl. ounces of Alcohol would, in our 
 opinion, be an advantage in this preparation. Used for the 
 same purposes as other preparations of Opium. Dose 5 to 
 15 minims. 
 
 The U. S., 1870, Vinegar of Opium contained 1200 grains of 
 Opium in a pint, and care must be used in dispensing not to 
 mistake one for the other. 
 
 The following formula, which is similar to several which are 
 officinal in Europe, is preferable to our own : 
 
 21. Acetum Opii Compositum. 
 
 Aromatic Vinegar of Opium. British Black Drop. 
 
 Opium in powder 729 grains. 
 
 Nutmeg in powder 218 grains. 
 
 Saffron in powder, j^ grains. 
 
 Sugar in powder 145 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Acetum Opii. Dose 5 to 15 
 minims. 
 
 22. Acetum Sanguinariae. 
 
 Vinegar of Blood Root. 
 
 Sanguinaria in powder, 729 grains. 
 
 Alcohol i 1 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. A stimulant 
 to the mucous membrane. Used mainly as an expectorant. 
 Dose 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 This corresponds with the 1880 United States Pharma- 
 copoeia, except in the addition of the alcohol. It is officinal 
 only in the United States. 
 
55 
 
 23. Acetum Scillae. 
 
 Vinegar of Squill. 
 
 Squill, in coarse powder 729 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 1^2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. 
 
 Expectorant and Diuretic. Dose 10 to 60 minims. 
 
 This corresponds with the 1880 United States Pharma- 
 copoeia, except in the addition of Alcohol. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, formula nearly corresponds 
 with the U. S. 1870 — directing 1 part of squill in 8, instead 
 of 1 in 10 as above. 
 
 ACIDA— ACIDS. 
 
 A great variety of widely different chemical substances are 
 classed and included under the general name Acids. 
 
 In a popular sense acids are substances having a sour taste 
 and capable of turning vegetable blues red; but in chemistry, 
 acids are compound substances having one common and essen- 
 tial property, viz., that of combining with metallic bases, 
 alkalies or alkaloids to form new compounds which are called 
 salts. As Hydrogen is a constant element in all acids it is 
 called the Acid former, and an acid must be considered a salt 
 whose metal is hydrogen, which is displaced in part or wholly 
 when salts are formed with other bases. 
 
 Several substances are classed among the acids which are 
 not properly acids but anhydrides ; for example, Carbonic Acid 
 Gas C0 2 , Arsenious Acid As 2 2 , Chromic Acid Cr0 3 , etc. 
 These arc not true acids, because they do not contain hydrogen. 
 
 Acids are gaseous, liquid or solid, and are classed as inor- 
 ganic and organic, the inorganic being mostly derived from 
 mineral, and the organic from vegetable and animal substances. 
 The mineral acids are but little used in medicine except when 
 compounded with other drugs, but the salts formed by their 
 union with bases comprise a large share of the chemicals em- 
 ployed by pharmacists. The organic acids are very numerous 
 and form an important class of pharmaceutical products, com- 
 
56 
 
 ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 prising the valuable medicinal properties of many vegetable 
 and animal substances. 
 
 In pharmacy the Latin name of the acid follows Acidum, as 
 Acidum Nitricum, but when rendered in English the name 
 precedes the generic term, as Nitric Acid. In chemistry the 
 names and their terminations generally indicate the composi- 
 tion of the acid, as hydrogen nitrite HN0 2 (Nitrous Acid); 
 hydrogen nitrate, HN0 3 (Nitric Acid). 
 
 Acidification is the chemical process by which substances 
 combine to form acids, or the state in which they exist in 
 nature as acids. 
 
 The following tables of acids most frequently used in 
 pharmacy will be convenient for reference. The strength and 
 nomenclature of acids officinal in the United States corre- 
 spond with the present U. S. P. The solid acids are more 
 properly classed with chemicals, and are so numerous that only 
 those most frequently used in pharmacy can be mentioned : 
 
 LIQUID ACIDS FREQUENTLY USED. 
 
 NAME OF ACID. 
 
 Chemical 
 Symbol. 
 
 Specific 
 Gravitj-. 
 
 Real Acid' sorBrF 
 per cent. bUL Ken. 
 
 Acetic 
 
 .1 HC 8 H 3 3 
 
 • C G H 3 HO 
 ) 
 
 . HCH 8 
 
 HI 
 
 .! HBr 
 HCl 
 
 FICN 
 
 • H 3 PO, 
 
 • HC 3 H 5 3 
 
 IINO3 
 .'UHNOgisHCl 
 
 • HC 18 H 83 2 
 ) H 3 P0 4 
 
 ! H a S0 4 
 
 ! so 2 
 
 . HC 5 H 9 3 
 
 I.O48 
 
 1.00S 
 1-057 
 1.060 
 1.065 
 
 1.063 
 
 1.077 
 1.077 
 1. 160 
 1.049 
 
 0.997 
 
 1.060 
 
 1. 212 
 1.040 
 1.042 
 1.059 
 1. 215 
 
 1-043 
 0.875 
 1-347 
 1-057 
 1.S40 
 1.0S2 
 1.022 
 o.935 
 
 36- 
 
 6. 
 
 99. 
 
 IOO. 
 
 90. 
 
 25- 
 
 10. 
 10. 
 3i-9 
 10. 
 
 2. 
 10. 
 
 75- 
 
 11. 2 
 
 69.4 
 
 10. 
 
 39-S 
 
 12. 1 
 
 95- 
 
 5o. 
 
 10. 
 
 IOO. 
 
 10. 
 
 3-5 
 
 IOO. 
 
 ["From Wood, 
 
 < etc., by distil- 
 
 
 *Carbolic, or Phenic 
 
 Carbolic, Liquified (Br. 1885 
 
 Formic 
 
 1 \ From Coal Tar 
 ( by distillation 
 \ From Ants, 
 { etc. 
 
 Ilydrobromic, Diluted 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) 
 
 Hydrochloric, Diluted 
 
 Hydrocyanic, Diluted 
 
 Hypophosphorous, Diluted. 
 
 Lactic 
 
 Lactic, Diluted, (Br. 1885). . 
 
 Nitric 
 
 Nitric, Diluted 
 
 From Bromine. 
 \ From Chlorides 
 I and H 8 S0 4 
 \ From Cyanides 
 J and H 8 S0 4 
 \ From Phos- 
 ( phorus. 
 i From Sour 
 j Milk, etc. 
 \ From Nitrates 
 ] and H 2 S0 4 . 
 
 - Mixed Acids. 
 
 From Fats. 
 
 ( From Phospho- 
 ] } rusandHNO a 
 
 \ From SO, and 
 
 Nitro-hydrochloric, Diluted . 
 
 Oleic 
 
 Phosphoric (Orthophosphoric 
 
 
 
 ( HNO s . 
 
 
 
 Valerianic 
 
 , From Valerian. 
 
 Carbolic Acid liquifies at about 95 F. The Sp. gr. mentioned is taken at its melting point. 
 
ACIDS. 
 
 SOLID ACIDS FREQUENTLY USED. 
 
 NAME OF ACID. 
 
 Chemical 
 Symbol. 
 
 Molecular 
 Weight. 
 
 Arsenious (Anhydride) As 2 3 
 
 Benzoic HC r H 5 2 
 
 Boric or Boracic H 3 B0 2 
 
 Chromic (Anhydride) Cr0 3 
 
 Citric H 3 C c H 3 7 H 2 
 
 Gallic HC r H 3 5 H 2 
 
 Oxalic H 3 Co0 4 2H 2 
 
 Phenic or Carbolic C 6 H 5 HO 
 
 Phosphoric, Glacial HP0 3 
 
 Picric or Carbazotic : C 6 H 3 (N0 2 ) 3 
 
 Pyrogallic C 6 H 6 3 
 
 Salicylic HC T H 5 3 
 
 Tannic C^H^O,, 
 
 Tartaric H s C 4 H 4 8 
 
 197-3 
 
 ! ( Arsenic by Subli- 
 / mation. 
 
 122. 
 
 ( Benzoin by Subli- 
 
 / mation. 
 
 62. 
 
 Soda Borax. 
 
 
 \ Bichrom, Potass. 
 
 
 / and HoS0 4 . 
 
 
 \ Lime or Lemon 
 
 
 / Juice. 
 
 188. 
 
 From Nutgalls, etc. 
 
 126. 
 
 i | Sugar or Starch, 
 
 ! / and HNO,. 
 
 
 ( Coal Tar or Petro- 
 
 94. 
 
 ( leum. 
 
 SO. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 227. 
 
 j Carbolic and Nitric 
 / Acids. 
 
 , 
 
 \ Gallic, by Subli- 
 
 
 / mation. 
 
 133. 
 
 \ Carbolic and Car- 
 / bonic. 
 
 322. 
 
 From Nutgalls, etc. 
 
 
 ( From Cream of 
 
 150. 
 
 / Tartar. 
 
 24. 
 
 Acidum Aceticum. 
 
 Acetic Acid. 
 
 The U. S. officinal Acetic Acid contains 36 per cent, of real 
 Acetic Acid. The new Br. Ph. (1885) directs an acid contain- 
 ing 33 per cent., while the German Standard directs only 30 
 per cent, for a corresponding preparation. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid is* practically a pure or 100 per cent. 
 acid, therefore the U. S. officinal Acid may be prepared from 
 it, if desired, by taking 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid, 
 Distilled Water, . 
 
 36 parts, or ^ l /> ounces av. 
 64 parts, or 8 ounces av. 
 
 The official Acetic Acids of othei 
 made in the same manner relatively. 
 
 pharmacopoeias may be 
 
58 ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 25. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid. 
 
 Acetic Acid (36 per cent.), 1250 grains or 2^5 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled water sufficient to make a pint. 
 Mix. 
 
 This is the base of the U. S. official Aceta, and is about the 
 same acid strength as good vinegar. 
 
 26. Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid. 
 
 This is prepared by adding concentrated Sulphuric Acid to 
 freshly fused Acetate of Sodium in a retort and distilling. It 
 contains from 90 to 99 per cent, of absolute Acetic Acid. The 
 German Pharmacopoeia very properly calls this Acetic Acid, 
 Essigsaure, while it calls the 30 per cent, preparation Diluted 
 Acetic Acid, Verdunnte Essigsaure. In making up German 
 formulas or prescriptions this should be remembered, as they 
 have no preparation that corresponds to our Dilute Acetic Acid. 
 
 27. Acidum Aceticum Aromaticum. 
 
 Aromatic Acetic Acid. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Bergamot 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Thyme, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cassia, 20 minims. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix, and shake frequently until dissolved. 
 
 This is used as an odorateur for smelling bottles or vinegar- 
 ettes, and a refreshing scent for the sick room. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 59 
 
 28. Acidum Carbolicum. 
 
 Crystallized Carbolic Acid — Phcnic Acid or Phenol. 
 
 This is prepared from coal tar and the refuse of petroleum, 
 by treating with caustic alkalies, subsequent neutralization 
 and distillation. Crude Carbolic Acid 'is an oily liquid largely 
 used for disinfecting. The Crystallized Acid is used in medi- 
 cine, and is furnished by manufacturers, of different degrees of 
 purity; it becomes liquid at from 95 to ioo° F. 
 
 29. Acidum Carbolicum Liquidum. 
 
 Liquefied Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Crystallized Carbolic Acid, 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, .... 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Melt the acid and add the water while melted, it will then 
 remain liquid. As carbolic acid is solid at ordinary temperatures, 
 this makes a convenient preparation to use in place of the 
 crystals, and as it is 90 per cent, strong it may generally be 
 used when carbolic acid is designated or prescribed unless 
 crystallized carbolic acid is specially mentioned. This is 
 official in the new British and German Pharmacopoeias. The 
 dose when given internally is from 1 to 3 minims, largely 
 diluted. 
 
 Solutions of carbolic acid in water are made varying from 
 1 : IOOO to 1 : 20 (5 per cent.), the latter being a saturated 
 solution. (See " Solutions.") 
 
 30. Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Hydrobromic Acid. 
 
 This contains 10 per cent, by weight of hydrobromic acid 
 gas, HBr. It is best made by passing a current of sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen through a solution of bromine I part in 
 water 15 parts, distilling and diluting to a EO per cent, solution. 
 As this process cannot be conveniently used by druggists the 
 following formula is given, which (although it does not make 
 
60 A( IDA — ACIDS. 
 
 a perfectly pure acid) is sufficiently pure for general use, and 
 is about the officinal strength. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium 3 ounces aw 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 3^5 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the salts separately each in 8 ounces of water and 
 mix the solutions, agitate thoroughly and set aside in a cold 
 place (preferably on ice) for 12 hours, then decant the clear 
 liquid and filter. It is advantageous to let this solution remain 
 for some time in a cool place to crystallize the acid tartrate of 
 potassium. 
 
 This is used for the same purposes as bromide of potassium, 
 and is an excellent solvent for quinine. 
 
 The dose is from 30 to 60 minims, in water. 
 
 31. Acidum Hydrochloricum. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid — Muriatic Acid. 
 
 The United States officinal hydrochloric acid contains 31.9 
 per cent, of real acid, and is what is supplied by manufacturing 
 chemists as C. P. hydrochloric or muriatic acid. The new 
 British Pharmacopoeia directs about the same strength, while 
 the German Pharmacopoeia directs an acid containing only 25 
 per cent, of real acid. This acid is frequently called for as 
 oil of salt or spirit of salt. It is sometimes given as a tonic 
 and stomachic, largely diluted with water, or used in stimulating 
 baths. 
 
 32. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum, U.S. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid — Diluted Muriatic Acid. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, . 6 parts or 2415 grains. 
 Distilled Water, . . 13 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
 Mix, and preserve in glass stoppered bottles. 
 
 This contains 10 per cent, by weight of real acid, and very 
 nearly corresponds with the British, which contains 10.58 per 
 cent. The German officinal preparation contains 12.5 per 
 cent, of real acid. 
 
 The dose is from 10 to 30 minims. 
 
(11 
 
 33- Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid — Prussic Acid. 
 
 This is prepared by distilling hydrocyanic acid gas HCN 
 from a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium and sulphuric 
 acid, into water or water containing a small percentage of 
 alcohol, until the solution contains 2 per cent, of the gas. It 
 is generally prepared by manufacturing chemists in this 
 manner, but may be prepared by druggists as follows : 
 Cyanide of Silver, ... 6 parts or 60 grains. 
 Hydrochloric Acid, ... 5 parts or 50 grains. 
 Distilled Water, .... 45 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mix the hydrochloric acid with the distilled water, add the 
 cyanide of silver, and shake the whole together in a glass- 
 stoppered bottle. When the precipitate has subsided, pour off 
 the clear liquid and add to it the alcohol. 
 
 This acid should be kept from the light in a cool place, in 
 small glass-stoppered bottles. 
 
 It is chiefly used as a sedative for nervous disorders and in 
 cough mixtures. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 3 minims. 
 
 34. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid. 
 This is a 10 per cent, solution of hypophosphorous acid gas 
 H3PO0, commonly called hypophosphorous acid, prepared in 
 a large way by boiling mirk of lime with phosphorus, and by 
 other methods. 
 
 It may readily be prepared by decomposing hypophosphite 
 of calcium with oxalic acid and is generally so prepared by 
 druggists, after the formula proposed by Procter (1858). 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime), . . 480 grains. 
 
 Oxalic Acid, 350 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Dissolve the hypophosphite in 6 ounces, and the oxalic acid 
 in 4 ounces of water, separately, and mix the solutions. 
 When the precipitate 1 oxalate of lime) has subsided, pour off 
 
62 ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 the liquid, and reserve ; transfer the moist precipitate to a filter, 
 pour upon it 3 ounces of water, and when it has ceased to 
 drop, add the liquid to that previously reserved, filter, and 
 evaporate the filtrate to 8 J j fl. ounces. This contains about 
 10 per cent, of real acid, and is used mainly in combination 
 with syrups or solutions of hypophosphites. It may, however, 
 be prescribed in doses of ^ to I fl. drachm. 
 
 35. Acidum Lacticum. 
 
 Lactic Acid. 
 This acid is found in sour milk and is generally called "con- 
 centrated lactic acid." It contains about 75 per cent, of real 
 acid. It is produced by the fermentation of the milk sugar in 
 the presence of casein, and is seldom prepared except by 
 manufacturing chemists. It is used as a solvent for phosphate- 
 salts, the products being termed, lacto-phosphates. In medicine 
 it is used for diabetes, liver complaints, stomach troubles, etc. 
 
 36. Acidum Lacticum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Lactic Acid. 
 The new British Pharmacopoeia directs this to be prepared 
 as follows : 
 
 Lactic Acid, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make . . 20 fl. ounces. 
 Mix. 
 
 This contains about 1 1.25 per cent, of real acid. 
 The dose is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 37. Acidum Nitricum. 
 
 Nitric Acid. 
 
 This is prepared by manufacturing chemists from nitrates 
 and sulphuric acid. 
 
 The acid directed in the United States Pharmacopoeia is 
 what is commercially termed " C. P." nitric acid. 
 
 The United States, British and French Pharmacopoeias 
 direct a preparation containing about 70 per cent., while the 
 German official acid contains only 30 per cent, of real acid. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 38. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum, U. S. 
 
 Diluted Nitric Acid. 
 
 Nitric Acid I part or 1103 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, ... 6 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
 Mix, and preserve in glass-stoppered bottles. 
 This contains 10 per cent, of real acid. The new British 
 Pharmacopoeia directs a preparation containing 17.44 per cent, 
 of real nitric acid. 
 
 This is sometimes given as an acid tonic in doses of 20 to 
 40 minims. 
 
 39. Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum, U. S. 
 
 Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, 1880 — Nitro-Muriatic Acid, 1870. 
 As the 1870 and 1880 United States preparations are so 
 different, they are both presented. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Nitric Acid, by weight, . . 3 ounces, 1% ounces. 
 Hydrochloric Acid, by weight, 5 ounces, 5 ounces. 
 Mix in a graduate of at least double the capacity of the 
 preparation. This should be made several days before using 
 to give the acids time to combine thoroughly. 
 
 This is used as a solvent for gold, and medicinally as a tonic, 
 in baths, the proportion for baths being from 1 to 4 fl. ounces 
 to a gallon of water. 
 
 40. Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, 1880 — Diluted Nitro- 
 Muriatic Acid, 1870. 
 As the proportions of the 1870 and 1880 Pharmacopoeias 
 are so different, we give them both. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Nitric Acid 720 grains. 320 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1200 grains. 1200 grains. 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to 
 
 make a pint. a pint. 
 
 Mix the acids in a large graduate, and when clTcrvcscensc 
 lias ceased add the water. 
 
64 At IDA — ACIDS. 
 
 The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs this acid to be made 
 as follows : 
 
 Nitric Acid, 3 fi. ounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 4 fi. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 25 fl. ounces. 
 
 Add the acids to the water and keep the mixture in a glass- 
 stoppered bottle for 14 days before it is used. This very 
 nearly corresponds with the U. S. 1870 formula. 
 
 The dose of this acid is from 5 to 20 minims largely diluted. 
 
 41. Acidum Oleicum. 
 
 Oleic Acid. 
 
 This is the fatty acid with which alkalies and bases unite to 
 form soaps or oleates. It is prepared by manufacturing chem- 
 ists, by treating fats with superheated steam or by the saponi- 
 fication of olein. It is used chiefly for making the class of 
 galenicals called " Oleates," which see. 
 
 42. Acidum Phosphoricum. 
 
 PJwspJwric Acid. 
 
 The present United States officinal phosphoric acid is a 
 liquid of the consistence of thin syrup (sp. gr., 1.347), contain- 
 ing 50 per cent, of orthophosphoric acid. 
 
 The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia has a similar, but more 
 concentrated, preparation, which is called "concentrated phos- 
 phoric acid." It contains 66.3 per cent, of real acid and has 
 sp. gr. 1,500. The German officinal phosphoric acid contains 
 only 20 per cent, of real acid, and has sp. gr. 1.120. The 
 United States officinal preparation is very convenient, as it. 
 can be diluted wfth four times its weight of distilled water for 
 the officinal diluted phosphoric acid. This acid is seldom 
 prepared by retail druggists, but may be readily made by those 
 who wish, but as it is supplied at a fair price by manufacturing 
 chemists it is hardly profitable to make it in a small way. It 
 should be kept on hand for making dilute phosphoric acid 
 extemporaneously in small quantities, as that spoils if long 
 prepared. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 65 
 
 Phosphoric acid is used mainly as a solvent for mineral 
 phosphates, and for making diluted phosphoric acid. It is a 
 nerve tonic and vitalizer. The dilute acid is usually prescribed. 
 
 Glacial phosphoric acid is a solid, impure metaphosphoric 
 acid, now but little used. 
 
 A late process of making phosphoric acid by slow atmo- 
 spheric oxidation has been proposed by Adolph Sommer, of 
 California, and as it is of general interest to pharmacists, and 
 may readily be employed by them, we repeat a portion of it 
 here. The entire article was published in THE FORMULARY, 
 January, 1886: 
 
 NEW PROCESS FOR MAKING PHOSPHORIC 
 ACID. 
 
 Several forms of apparatus may be employed for making phos- 
 phoric acid from phosphorus by atmospheric oxidation. Three of 
 these forms are herewith described: 
 
 I. 
 
 A common tin can, with removable cover, is made perfectly water- 
 tight by resoldering the seams. Through the center of the cover a 
 hole is punched just large enough for the stem of a long ther- 
 mometer to pass through, and three or four more holes, if not more 
 than y% inch in diameter are made near the circumference of the 
 cover. All around the inside of the can there is suspended by little 
 hooks, which are formed by making incisions into the upper edge of 
 the can, a piece of cloth reaching from the top to the bottom of the 
 can. In the can is placed a glass jar which must be able to hold at 
 least 3^4 times as much water by weight as there is P. to be 
 oxidized. A funnel, amply large enough to hold the P., and wider 
 than the jar, is placed upon the latter, and the funnel tube loosely 
 closed by a piece of glass. [Instead of a glass jar and funnel a 
 bottle may be used which has been cut in two at about three-fourths 
 of its height. The upper and smaller portion of the bottle is 
 inverted and placed into the lower portion, and answers the purpose 
 of holding the P. quite well.] Four or five times as much water as 
 the weight of the l\ is then poured into the space between the tin 
 ran and tin- glass jar, and the whole apparatus filled with carbonic 
 acid gas. When by the extinction of a burning taper, which is 
 introduced into the upper portion of the can, it becomes evident 
 that the atmospheric air has been entirely displaced, the sticks of P. 
 are laid in the funnel, the thermometer bulb buried between the 
 sticks of P., the cover put on the can, and all openings, save one, 
 Closed by plugs. Through the open hole carbonic acid is passed 
 into the apparatus lor a short time, in order to remove the air which 
 has entered the apparatus during the introduction of the 1'. When 
 
00 
 
 A.CIDA — ACI] >S. 
 
 Fig. i. — /, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; /, cloth 
 lining ; c, tin can. 
 
 Fig. 2. — ■/, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; b, bottle 
 (inverted) ; s, perforated stopper ; a, flower pot ; g, glass tube with opening on its 
 side ; //, line of the cut. 
 
 Fig. 4. — ■/, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; s, per- 
 forated stopper ; a, flower pot ; g, bent glass tube ; c, tin pan. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 67 
 
 this is considered accomplished, the last hole is closed, the 
 apparatus put in a cool place, which is not. exposed to draught, 
 and allowed to stand at rest for some time. When it is observed 
 that the temperature within remains constant, one hole is opened 
 and the apparatus left undisturbed for at least 24 hours. If the 
 temperature within this time has not approached 35 ° C, another 
 hole may be opened, and the same precautions observed as before. 
 The number of holes that can thus be opened, before the critical 
 temperature (above 35 ° C.) is reached, depends of course upon the 
 temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the apparatus. If, at 
 any time, from an excessive supply of air, or from an unusually 
 high temperature of the atmosphere, the temperature of the P. 
 should rise above 35 ° C. there is great danger that it will, as the 
 writer has found to his sorrow in several instances, rapidly reach 
 the melting point of P., which is 45 C. When this occurs and the 
 P. melts it will naturally run into the receiver (the glass jar), and 
 there, being screened from the action of the air by a covering of 
 acid liquid, congeal into a solid cake. It then becomes necessary to 
 take the apparatus apart, to remove the P. from the receiver, and to 
 recommence the whole operation. After, however, the apparatus 
 has once been regulated, it requires no further attention until the 
 P. is entirely oxidized, which can be known by the thermometer 
 indicating the same temperature within the apparatus as prevails 
 without. 
 
 It may seem desirable to have an explanation of some of the 
 features adopted in this apparatus. The water in the apparatus was 
 found necessary, because the ordinary atmospheric air does not 
 contain sufficient moisture to dissolve the coating of oxides formed 
 on the sticks of P. as rapidly as it is formed; but it was also found, 
 that, unless by some means, the water was brought to the space 
 above the P., the air entering the apparatus would not become 
 moist sufficiently fast to produce the effect desired. A piece of 
 cloth, lining the inside, and capable of drawing the water from the 
 bottom to the top of the apparatus, suggested itself as the simplest 
 means of effecting this purpose, and it does fulfill this function 
 very satisfactorily. The reason for the adoption of several small 
 holes instead of a single large opening, as a means of regulating 
 the supply of air, is so evident that it needs no explanation. This 
 style of apparatus is, however, not very durable, because of the 
 slight, though perceptible, evaporation of the P., which causes a 
 deposit of phosphoric acid to form on the inside of the tin can. 
 This acid deposit slowly corrodes the tinned iron, and causes, after 
 about three months of continuous operation, the formation of holes 
 in the sides of the can. Through these holes an excessive amount 
 of air is liable to enter the apparatus and cause the melting of the P. 
 
 II. 
 
 For the construction of a continuous and transparent oxidizing 
 
 chamber a thick bottle, preferably one of white and very clear glass, 
 
68 ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 is selected, and the bottom very carefully cut off. (This cutting or 
 cracking is best done by means of specially prepared carbon pencils 
 made of powdered charcoal, saltpeter and tragacanth.) A common 
 unglazed flower-pot, the largest that will go into the bottle, is 
 inserted into the open bottle, so that the bottom of the flower-pot 
 is directly over and in contact with the neck of the bottle. A 
 funnel, the conical part of which is at least one inch shorter than 
 the flower-pot, is then inserted in such a way that the funnel-tube 
 passes through the bottom of the flower-pot and the neck of the 
 bottle. Into the neck of the bottle the funnel-tube is securely 
 fastened by means of a perforated rubber stopper or paraffined cork, 
 which must be water-tight. Over the protruding end of the funnel- 
 tube is fastened, by means of a bit of rubber tubing, a piece of 
 glass tube, closed at one end and having a hole on one side. This 
 closed tube is pushed so far over the funnel-tube that the opening 
 in its side is a little above the end of the funnel-tube. 
 
 This portion of the apparatus is then placed, neck downwards, 
 over a large glass jar. 
 
 Through the centre of the bottom, which was cut off the bottle, a 
 hole of at least five-eighths of an inch in diameter is drilled. The 
 bottom is then put into its original position on the bottle and fastened 
 by glueing strips of paper over the joint. The hole which was drilled 
 through the bottom is loosely closed by a paraffined cork, through 
 which passes a thermometer. 
 
 When the oxidizing chamber is thus completed, the cork is re- 
 moved, and by means of a funnel, having a long bent tube, water 
 poured into the space between the walls of the bottle and the flower- 
 pot, until its level is within a short distance from the upper edge of 
 the funnel within the flower-pot. A few Cubic-centimeters of water 
 are also poured into the funnel until the water in the closed glass- 
 tube, which is attached to the end of the funnel-tube, reaches a little 
 over the end of the funnel-tube. 
 
 Then a tube connected with a carbonic acid generator is inserted 
 into the hole and carbonic acid gas passed into the oxidizing cham- 
 ber. When the air within has been entirely displaced by the gas, 
 sticks of P. are dropped through the hole into the funnel, until the 
 latter is nearly filled. The thermometer and cork are then placed 
 into position and the apparatus allowed to stand for a few hours. 
 Then some notches are cut lengthwise into the cork and the appar- 
 atus again left undisturbed for about 24 hours. If at the end of this 
 time the temperature of the P. is below 35. ° C, a little more ventila- 
 tion may be given by enlarging the notches in the cork. Whenever it 
 is seen that the P. is nearly consumed or the water evaporated, a fresh 
 supply is added through the hole without taking the apparatus apart. 
 
 The flower-pot in this apparatus performs the same function as it 
 fulfilled in the former (1), by the cloth lining, namely, that of absorb- 
 ing the water and moistening the air. The closed glass tube which 
 is attached to the funnel prevents the access of air from below to the 
 P. in the oxidizing chamber. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 The acid that is formed runs down the funnel into the closed glass 
 tube, and thence through the lateral opening into the glass jar, which 
 serves as receiver. 
 
 III. 
 
 A still simpler form of a continuous oxidizing chamber I have 
 constructed in the following manner : Through the bottom of a tin 
 pan a hole of about one inch in diameter is cut, and a tube of tinned 
 iron about half-inch long soldered into it. By means of a perforated 
 cork a funnel is fastened into this hole so that the funnel-tube passes 
 through the bottom, while the body of the funnel is inside of the tin 
 pan. Into the end of the funnel-tube is inserted and fastened by a 
 bit of rubber tubing a glass tube bent in a half circle. A common 
 unglazed flower-pot is inverted over the body of the funnel and a 
 paraffined cork with a thermometer inserted into the hole, which is 
 in the bottom of the flower-pot. The whole apparatus is then placed 
 over a glass jar and some water poured into the tin pan. 
 
 The tin pan may advantageously be displaced by a wooden water 
 bucket, whereby the apparatus becomes almost indestructible. 
 
 After the pouring of a few drops of water into the funnel, whereby 
 the bend of the glass tube is closed against a downward escape of 
 gas, the apparatus is either filled with carbonic acid gas in the man- 
 ner described under (2), or the oxygen is simply removed therefrom 
 by burning P. in the interior. For this latter purpose a small iron 
 deflagrating spoon, which will pass through the hole in the flower- 
 pot, is employed. A bit of P. is laid into the spoon, ignited and 
 quickly inserted into the flower-pot immediately closed by means of 
 a cork. The apparatus is left undisturbed for a short time, until the 
 air within has cooled to the normal temperature. The introduction 
 of burning P. is then once more repeated, and after cooling the 
 apparatus charged with P. through the hole in the flower-pot. 
 
 The further manipulations and precautions are the same as have 
 been given in the description of style (II). 
 
 The rate at which the P. is oxidized by my method is a compara- 
 tively slow one. In an apparatus of style I., in which the tempera- 
 ture was kept on an average eleven degrees higher than that of the 
 surrounding air, and the P., which was in the form of a solid cake of 
 nearly five inches in diameter, exposed a surface of about 18 square 
 inches, the P. was oxidized at the rate of about 10 Grains a day. 
 The difference between the inner and outer temperature does not 
 seem to be affected to any extent by an increase or decrease of the 
 prevailing temperature; for nearly 200 observations which were 
 taken at temperatures of the atmosphere ranging from 10 to 22 C, 
 gave, while all other conditions remained equal, an almost constant 
 ence. 
 
 The arid which collects in the receivers has a specific gravity of 
 [.48 to [.5, and is composed mainly of phosphorus and phosphoric 
 .f ids in tin- proportion of 1 to 4, besides water. The exact 
 
70 A.CIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 composition differs with circumstances, and the determination of 
 those circumstances may be the subject of some future paper. 
 
 The further treatment of this acid is in every respect the same as 
 has already been described under Prof. Wenzell's process ; but an 
 acid prepared by my method has this great advantage over the one 
 prepared by the former process, that it is already highly concentrated, 
 and requires very little evaporation before the arsemous acid is 
 
 reduced. 7 ■•. . , . , 
 
 The oxidation of phosphorus acid to phosphoric acid by means op 
 Bromine. Bromhydric acid by product. 
 
 The product of the slow aerial oxidation of Phosphorus contains 
 about i molecule of phosphorous acid to 4 molecules of phosphoric 
 acid and besides these some impurities, such as arsenious acid and 
 others mostly derived from the phosphorus. Of these impurities 
 the arsenious acid is particularly objectionable and must be removed 
 before the process of oxidizing is entered upon. The removal of the 
 Arsenic as has been described in my article on " The manufacture 
 of phosphoric acid from Phosphorus," is best effected by heating 
 this acid to 190 C, subsequent diluting and filtering, after which 
 the acid is readv to be oxidized. Heretofore nitric acid has been 
 the only substance employed for this purpose, but since the price of 
 Br has become so low (about 35c. per lb. in 5 lb. bottles) that it cost 
 no longer is prohibitory to its employment in the industries, and 
 furthermore since the value of hydrobromic acid has been recognized 
 both in analytical chemistry as well as in therapeutics,— it may prove 
 advantageous to substitute Br. for nitric acid in the oxidation of 
 phosphorus to phosphoric acid. 
 From the equation 
 
 H 3 P0 3 + Br. 2 + H 2 0=H 3 P0 4 +2HBr. 
 82 159.5 18 98 161. 5. 
 
 it will be seen that it requires nearly 2 parts of Br. to every 1 part of 
 phosphorous acid. But the total acidity of the mixture of phosphor- 
 ous and phosphoric acids, when of a sp. gr. of 1.48 is about 66 per 
 cent the composition of which approximates the proportion of 1 
 molecule (or 12$ of H 3 P0 3 to 4 molecules (or 54^) H 3 P0 4 . To 
 convert the 12 per cent, of phosphorous acid into phosphoric acid 
 would require theoretically 2x12 = 24 per cent, of Br. This result 
 agrees very closely with that obtained in practice where it was found 
 that with an acid of a sp. gr. of about 1.48 there was needed a httle 
 over one-fourth of its weight of Br. to complete its oxidation. This 
 operation may be performed, after the Arsenic has been removed, 
 either in a bottle containing the acid and Br. by shaking this mixture 
 from time to time (it must however not be shaken too often nor 
 too much at one time, since a considerable amount of heat is liberated 
 by the reaction, which may easily reach the boiling point of Br.— 
 65 C), or it may be accomplished more rapidly by pouring the two 
 substances into a retort and keeping the mixture agitated by slowly 
 passing air through. 
 
ACIDS. 71 
 
 In order to prevent any Br. vapor, which is carried off by the air, 
 from contaminating the atmosphere of the laboratory, I caused the 
 air, which escaped from the retort, to pass through two bottles con- 
 taining a solution of caustic potash. When the mixture is no longer 
 decolorized on standing for about 24 hours, but retains a permanent 
 orange color, which is due to an access of Br., the oxidation may be 
 considered completed. The excess of Br., is best removed by the 
 addition of a small portion of the unoxidized mixture of acids, which 
 has been reserved for this purpose. 
 
 A still better plan by which the liability of introducing a large ex- 
 cess of Br. into the acid is avoided, but which requires a little longer 
 time than the one related last, consists in pouring the acid to be 
 oxidized into a large wide-mouth glass-stoppered bottle and the Br. 
 into another but smaller glass-stoppered bottle, which will go into 
 the larger one. After the open bottle with Br. has been inserted into 
 the bottle with acids and the latter closed, the Br. gradually evapor- 
 ates and oxidizes through its vapor, which is absorbed by the acids, 
 the phosphorous to phosphoric acid. When the interior temperature 
 of the apparatus is kept below 25. C. the acids do not consume the 
 Br. as rapidly as it evaporates and therefore are under these condi- 
 tions always : dark-orange colored, unless the supply of Br. vapor 
 is shut off by closing the Br. bottle, whereupon the color of the acids 
 disappears within 24 hours. 
 
 But when the apparatus is kept in a moderately warm place, where 
 the temperature is 25 ° C. or over, the reducing power of the phos- 
 phorous acid is so much increased that the mixture of acids remains 
 colorless, or acquires only a light orange color so long as any phos- 
 phorous acid is left unoxidized. But as soon as this acid has disap- 
 peared, the liquid assumes a dark orange color, when the bottle with 
 Br. is to be lifted out, closed and kept for the next operation. 
 
 There remains then only the separation of the bromhydric acid 
 from the phosphoric acid, which is accomplished by distillation in a 
 retort from an oil bath. The precautions which have been pointed 
 out in a previous article on the manufacture of bromhydric acid in 
 regard to its liability to decomposition by organic substances, have 
 to be observed here. The mere insertion of the neck of the retort 
 into a well-cooled receiver is sufficient. Neither luting nor rubber 
 connections are necessary. The first portion which comes over con- 
 sists principally of water (and Br., if this has not been removed in 
 the manner stated above), and should be withdrawn, before the 
 bromhydric acid, which does not evaporate to any great extent until 
 a temperature of about 125 C. has been reached, begins to distill. 
 The distillation is continued until a temperature of about 180 C. is 
 reached, when the lire is extinguished and the receiver with brom- 
 hydric acid detached. The retort and its contents are allowed to 
 stand till cold, when a quantity of water equal to about one-third of 
 the bulk of the contents is poured into the retort. Heat is then 
 again applied and the distillation continued until the temperature 
 within the retort has reached the same height as before. This second 
 
72 A( IDA— ACIDS. 
 
 distillation serves to remove a portion of bromhydric acid, which 
 cannot be removed in the first distillation. 
 
 The phosphoric acid, which forms the residue in the retort, is a 
 black syrupy liquid, which, however, after dilution with water, diges- 
 tion with about one-half per cent, of purified animal charcoal and 
 subsequent filtration through white filtering paper (best, the brand 
 known as "Chlorine paper") becomes perfectly colorless. 
 
 The black color of the phosphoric acid is due to an organic im- 
 purity of the commercial Br., which, it is said, is derived from the 
 luting of the stills, in the composition of which tar is used. 
 
 The bromhydric acid which has distilled over, requires to be redis- 
 tilled before it can be considered sufficiently pure for pharmaceutical 
 purposes. 
 
 If the addition of Br. is made to an acid, from which the arsenic 
 has not been removed, the entire amount of arsenic will distill over 
 with the bromhydric acid, while the phosphoric acid will be found 
 free from arsenic. 
 
 43. Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Phosphoric Acid. 
 The United States 1880 formula is as follows: 
 
 Phosphoric Acid (50 per cent.), 2 parts or 1541 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, . . 8 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
 Mix, and keep in a cool place. 
 This contains 10 per cent, of real acid. 
 The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs 
 
 Concentrated Phosphoric Acid, Br. P., . 3 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 20 fl. ounces. 
 Mix. 
 
 This contains 13.8 per cent, of real acid H. ? P0 4 , or 10 pet- 
 cent, of phosphoric anhydride P 2 5 . 
 
 Diluted phosphoric acid is much used as an invigorator and 
 vitalizer for nervous debility, sexual weakness, etc. 
 
 The dose is from 10 to 30 minims or more. 
 
 " Acid phosphate" is a solution of mineral phosphates in 
 phosphoric or diluted phosphoric acid. See Solutions and 
 Standard Remedies. 
 
ACIDA — ACIDS. 73 
 
 ( 
 
 44. Acidum Sulphuricum. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 The C. P. sulphuric acid of commerce corresponds to the 
 requirements of the Pharmacopoeias which direct it to contain 
 96 to 98 per cent, of real acid H 2 S0 4 . It is prepared by 
 manufacturing chemists. 
 
 Haller's Acid Drops {Acidus Liquor Halleri) is a mixture 
 of equal weights of sulphuric acid and alcohol. They should 
 be mixed by adding the acid slowly and gradually to the 
 alcohol. 
 
 45. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. 
 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. [Elixir of Vitriol.) 
 
 Although this preparation more properly belongs among 
 the tinctures it is classed by the pharmacopoeias with the 
 acids, and, is, therefore, given here. 
 
 The United States 1870 formula contained about 14 per 
 cent, of acid (1305 grains), and was made aromatic by ginger 
 (203 grains), and cinnamon (327 grains) in powder, with alco- 
 hol enough to make a pint. 
 
 The 1880 formula directs about 20 per cent, of acid, and 
 substitutes tincture of ginger and oil of cinnamon for the 
 powders. 
 
 1 [ere is the formula : 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, by weight, .... 1392 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger, 378 minims. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon 7 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 Add the acid slowly to 8 ounces of alcohol, then add the 
 tincture and oil and enough alcohol to make the measure a 
 pint. 
 
 The [885 British formula contains only 12.5 per cent, of 
 real acid. It is composed of 1 II. ounce each, strong tincture 
 of ginger and spirit of cinnamon, 1 ■_. fl.ounce sulphuric acid, 
 and [8 fl. ounces of rectified spirit. 
 
74 ACIDA — ACIDS. 
 
 Aromatic sulphuric acid is an acid tonic and astringent 
 used for hemorrhage, night sweats, etc. 
 
 The dose of the United States preparation is from 5 to 20 
 minims diluted with water. 
 
 46. Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 The United States officinal preparation is as follows: 
 Sulphuric Acid, . 1 part or 779 grains. 
 Distilled Water, . . 9 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
 Mix, by adding the acid gradually to the water. This con- 
 tains 10 per cent, of real acid. 
 
 The British 1885 officinal formula directs 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, !350 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to 
 
 make 20 fi. ounces, Imperial. 
 
 Mix, by adding the acid gradually to the water. This con- 
 tains 13.65 per cent, of real acid, being about a third stronger 
 than the United States preparation. 
 
 The German officinal is 1 part acid to 5 of water. 
 
 Diluted sulphuric acid is the most used of any of the dilute 
 acids. It is employed as an acid tonic and a solvent for 
 quinine and other salts. 
 
 The dose is from 5 to 40 minims, in water. 
 
 47. Acidum Sulphurosum. 
 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 The United States preparation is made by adding 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts. 
 
 To Charcoal, 1 part. 
 
 And distilling into Distilled Water, ... 50 parts. 
 
 Until the water has absorbed 3^ per cent, of sulphurous acid 
 gas. 
 
 The 1885 British formula directs the preparation to contain 
 6.4 per cent, of real sulphurous acid H 2 S0 3 . 
 
ADEPS — LARD. 75 
 
 It is used externally in some forms of skin diseases, and 
 internally as a germicide in zymotic diseases, etc. 
 The dose is from x / 2 to I fl. drachm. 
 
 48. Acidum Valerianicum. 
 
 Valerianic Acid. 
 
 This is prepared from valerian, or artificially from fousel oil 
 and chromic acid, and is chiefly used for making: valerianates. 
 
 ADEPS — LARD. 
 
 The name lard is applied commercially to the rendered fat 
 of the hog, Sits scrofa. In pharmacy the term is intended to 
 apply only to lard purified by washing with water, melting 
 and straining. The U. S. Pharmacopoeia designates this 
 simply by the name adeps, or lard, but the Br. Ph. more 
 properly terms it adeps prceparatus, or prepared lard. 
 
 Since the introduction of Petrolatum and Lanolin the use 
 of lard as an ointment base has very much decreased, and 
 much controversy has arisen as to which is the most valuable 
 for this purpose. It has been shown that, although petrola- 
 tum ointments do not become rancid, they arc not so readily 
 absorbed as those made with lard, and that the reactions 
 which are desired in some of them do not take place when 
 petrolatum is substituted for lard. Lard is still retained as 
 the ointment-base of the pharmacopoeias, but will no doubt be 
 gradually replaced by some more suitable vehicle. 
 
 The medicinal preparations in which lard is used will be 
 found under the headings Cerata, Unguenta, etc. 
 
 49. Adeps Prasparatus. 
 
 Prepared Lard- - Washed Lard. 
 
 The usual method of washing lard is to spread it on a 
 stone or earthenware slab, and allow a small stream of water 
 to trickle over it, at the same time working it well with .1 
 spatula or other convenient mixer. Altera thorough washing 
 in this way it is melted and strained. 
 
ADEPS — LARD. 
 
 We suggest the following method, which will be found more 
 convenient and will secure better results : 
 
 Melt the lard and pour it into any convenient bottle that 
 will hold three times the quantity desired to be washed. Fill 
 the bottle nearly full of hot water, and while the mixture is 
 cooling agitate it frequently ; by this means the lard is granu- 
 lated or reduced to small fragments. When cool, pour off the 
 water and add fresh cold water to the granulated lard ; agitate, 
 pour off the water, add fresh cold water again, and so con- 
 tinue until the lard is thoroughly washed, when it may be 
 melted by water-bath and strained into earthen pots. By add- 
 ing a fl. drachm of Tincture of Benzoin to each pound of the lard 
 when melted previous to straining it will keep unchanged. 
 
 Prepared lard is used for making benzoinated lard, simple 
 cerate, simple ointment and some other cerates and oint- 
 ments, therefore it may be said to be the base of the officinal 
 ointments and cerates. It is to be regretted, however, that 
 it is so seldom used when directed, the majority of druggists, 
 either through ignorance or neglect, using unwashed lard 
 instead and then wondering why their ointments so soon 
 become rancid. Besides its use in medicinal preparations, 
 washed lard is extensively employed in Continental Europe, 
 for absorbing the odors of flowers. Flower "pomades" are 
 made by spreading layers of flowers on a thin stratum of 
 washed lard, and renewing them as often as the odor of the 
 flowers is well absorbed. From 24 to 30 layers of flowers are 
 thus used before the washed lard is thoroughly saturated with 
 the perfume. The process is called enfleurage, and the 
 pomades made by the process are known as No. 24 or No. 30 
 pomades — the numbers indicating the number of times fresh 
 flowers have been supplied to the lard during the process. 
 
 50. Adeps Benzoinatus. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard— Benzoinated Ointment. 
 Benzoin, in coarse powder, . 2 parts or 140 grains. 
 
 Prepared Lard, 100 parts or 1 pound. 
 
 Melt the lard by heat not exceeding 140 F., add the 
 benzoin and macerate with frequent stirring for two hours, 
 
.ETHERA — ETHERS. 77 
 
 then strain to remove the particles of benzoin. This will keep 
 unchanged for any length of time, and is therefore mainly 
 used as an ointment base, and for general pharmaceutical 
 purposes when lard is desired. The odorous balsam of the 
 benzoin is dissolved by the lard, and acts as a preservative. 
 
 The 1870 U. S. P. directed tincture of benzoin to be used 
 instead of the powder, but it has been found objectionable 
 because of the irritation which is produced when the lard thus 
 prepared is applied. 
 
 
 ETHERA — ETHERS. 
 
 Ethers are volatile liquids, which, from their property of 
 rapid evaporation have derived their name Ether (air). They 
 are chemically oxides of alcohol radicals, made by mixing- 
 acids with alcohols, etc., and distilling over the lighter portions. 
 They are mostly inflammable, and of low specific gravity. 
 
 The name EtJicr is applied in pharmacy only to the variety 
 known commercially as sulphuric ether, and chemically as 
 ethyl oxide ; other ethers are known commercially by the 
 names of the acids with which the alcohol radical is combined, 
 as acetic ether, nitrous ether, or chemically by the names of 
 the acid and alcohol radical, as amyl acetate, ethyl nitrite, etc. 
 Some substances are termed ethers which are not properly so 
 classed, as petroleum ethers, while others which are properly 
 ethers do not bear the name, as nitrite of amyl, etc. 
 
 Ethers require conveniences for making not generally at 
 hand except in chemical laboratories, and are therefore usually 
 supplied by manufacturing chemists. 
 
 The ethers chiefly used in pharmacy are derived from the 
 amy] and ethyl radicals. The amy] ethers are mainly used 
 for making artificial fruit and liquor flavors; and the ethyl 
 ethers are chiefly used in medicine. Besides these, ethers are 
 made from Methyl, Propyl, Butyl, Caproyl, and some other 
 alcohol radicals. They are chiefly used in making artificial 
 fruit flavors. Nearly all acids ma)- be combined with these 
 radicals to form ethers, the combination being the same chem- 
 ically as when acids unite with other bases to form salts. 
 
.ETHERA — ETHERS. 
 
 except that the ethers are always gaseous or liquid, and are 
 separated by distillation. 
 
 Under this heading will be considered the preparations 
 which are official or well known commercially as ethers, and 
 a few ethereal preparations not otherwise classified ; other 
 ethereal preparations will be mentioned under the headings 
 in which they properly belong. 
 
 Ethyl Ethers. — Various acids combine with ordinary 
 i Ethyl) Alcohol (C 2 H 5 HO) to form a variety of Ethers. Sev- 
 eral of these are used in medicine and in making medicinal 
 preparations; while some of them are used to prepare artificial 
 fruit and liquor flavors. 
 
 The following list includes most of the Ethyl Ethers that 
 are used. They are known commercially as Ethers : 
 
 Ethyl Acetate C,H 5 C 2 H 8 2 Acetic Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Benzoate C 2 H 5 C~H 5 Benzoic Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Bromide CoH 5 Br. Hydrobromic Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Butyrate C.,H 3 C 4 H 7 0.> Butyric Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Chloride C 2 H 5 C1. Hydrochloric Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Formiate C s H 5 CH0 2 Formic Ether. 
 
 Ethvl Todide "CoH 3 I Hydriodic Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Nitrite C s H 5 NO s Nitrous Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Oxide (C.,H,) 2 Sulphuric Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Pelargonate C 8 H 5 C 9 H 17 O s Pelargonic Ether. 
 
 Ethvl (Enanthvlate C,H 5 C 7 H 13 2 CEnanthic Ether. 
 
 Ethyl Sebacate' C 2 H 5 C 10 H 16 O 5 Sebacic Eth er. 
 
 Of the foregoing Butyric Ether resembles pineapple in flavor, 
 and is often called Pineapple Oil. OEnanthic Ether resembles 
 the greengage or plum in flavor, Pelargonic Ether the quince, 
 and Sebacic Ether the melon. 
 
 51. either. 
 
 Ether—Sulphuric Ether— Ethyl Oxide. 
 (QH 5 ) 2 0. 
 This is prepared by mixing sulphuric acid and alcohol grad- 
 ually in a retort, distilling over the lighter portions, and puri- 
 fying the distillate by shaking with a solution of chloride of 
 calcium and slacked lime. 
 
 The U. S. P. describes under the name of Ether a liquid 
 composed of 74 per cent, of ethyl oxide and 26 per cent, of 
 alcohol, containing a little water, sp. gr. 0.750, and under the 
 
ETHERS. 79 
 
 name of Stronger Ether, a liquid containing 94 per cent, of ethyl 
 oxide and 6 per cent, of alcohol, sp. gr. 0.725. The former is 
 known commercially as sulphuric ether or common ether, while 
 the latter is known as concentrated ether. The 1 885 Br. P. ether 
 contains 92 per cent, of ethyl oxide, which nearly corresponds 
 with the U. S. stronger ether. 
 
 .Esther Fortier. — Stronger Ether is used in medicine as 
 an anaesthetic, by inhalation, and locally in the form of spray 
 for the same purpose ; and is given internally, much diluted 
 or combined with other medicines, as an anodyne. It is used 
 in pharmacy for making collodion, oleo-resins, tinctures and 
 other galenicals. Common ether is generally used externally. 
 The dose of stronger ether when administered internally is 
 from 20 to 60 minims, largely diluted. 
 
 Purified Ether.— Manufacturing chemists furnish under this 
 name a pure ether for anaesthetic use. The 1885 Br. P. directs 
 such a preparation, calling it yEther Punts. It is simply pure 
 oxide of ethyl (C 2 H 5 ) 2 0, free from alcohol and water. 
 
 Washed Ether is a commercial term for Ether of about 
 0.735 specific gravity, used in the arts. It is also called 
 Letheon. 
 
 52. ^ther Aceticus. 
 
 Acetic Ether — Acetate of Ethyl— Ethyl Acetate. 
 
 GHoQHA. 
 This is prepared by mixing sulphuric acid and alcohol grad- 
 ually, adding acetate of sodium and distilling, then shaking 
 the distillate with carbonate of potassium and redistilling. Its 
 specific gravity is from 0.889 to 0.897. It is used as a flavor- 
 ing ingredient in medicinal preparations, and is considerably 
 employed in making artificial fruit flavors. 
 
 53. ^ther Hydrobromicus. 
 Hydrobromic Ether- Ethyl Bromide. 
 
 C,II,Br. 
 This ether is made from bromine and alcohol by the aid of 
 phosphorus, distillation and purification. 
 
80 .KTHKKOLES OR ETHERATES. 
 
 It has been somewhat used as an anaesthetic in place of 
 chloroform, but its use has not yet become general. Its action 
 is said to be more rapid and less disagreeable than chloroform. 
 
 54. JEther Hydrochloricus. 
 
 Chloric Ether — Spirit of Chloroform. 
 
 Chloride of Ethyl was formerly prescribed under the name 
 of Chloric or Hydrochloric Ether, but has now been supplanted 
 in practice by Spirit of Chloroform, which is made by dissolv- 
 ing one part of Chloroform in nine parts of Alcohol. A sim- 
 ilar preparation was formerly sold under the name of Dutch 
 Liquid. It consisted of Bichloride of Ethylene, which is iso- 
 meric with Chloride of Ethyl. 
 
 55. ^Ether Nitrosus. 
 
 Nitrous Ether— Nitrite of Ethyl— Ethyl Nitrite. 
 QH 5 N0 2 . 
 
 Preparations bearing the name of Concentrated Nitrous Ether 
 and other similar titles, have of late been extensively adver- 
 tised and sold for the purpose of making Spirit of Nitrous 
 Ether. This ether is the same that is formed in the official 
 process of making Spirit of Nitrous Ether (which see) before 
 the alcohol is added. In this form it has only recently become 
 an article of commerce. It is extremely volatile, and requires 
 to be carefully handled to prevent accident. To make Spirit 
 of Nitrous Ether it has only to be mixed with 19 times its 
 weight of alcohol. 
 
 iETHEROLES OR ETHERATES. 
 
 These are simply solutions of various medicinal substances 
 in Ether, the same as Alcoholes or Spirits are solutions of 
 medicinal substances in Alcohol. They are officinal in the 
 French text-books, and are not infrequently prescribed or 
 called for in this country. For other etherial preparations see 
 Collodion, Oleo-resin, Etherial Tinctures, etc. 
 
^THEROLES OR ETHERATES. 81 
 
 56. Etherate of Ammonia. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 22 , by weight, . . . 1 part. 
 
 Stronger Ether, by weight, 1 part. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 This is used as an application for rheumatism, neuralgia, 
 headache, etc. 
 
 57. Etherate of Camphor. 
 
 Camphor, by weight, 1 part. 
 
 Ether (76 per cent.), by weight 9 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor in the Ether. 
 
 This is used as an application for toothache, headache, pain, 
 swelling, etc., and as an anti-spasmodic for convulsions, croup, 
 etc. A saturated solution of Camphor in Ether is also used. 
 
 58. Etherate of Cantharides. 
 
 Cantharides, in fine powder, 1 part. 
 
 Ether, 2 parts. 
 
 Mix together and set in a warm place, in a closely-stopped 
 bottle, for 7 days, agitating daily; then pour off the liquid and 
 press the drugs as rapidly as possible to avoid evaporation 
 
 This is used as a vesicant, but has been mostly superseded 
 by Cantharidal Collodion, which see. 
 
 59. Etherate of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc, by weight, 15 parts. 
 
 Stronger Ether, by weight, 60 parts. 
 
 Absolute Alcohol, by weight, 30 parts. 
 
 Mix and decant after standing a few hours. 
 
 This is given as an anti-spasmodic, in doses of 2 to 4 drops, 
 administered in syrup. 
 
82 /ETHEROLES OR ETHERATES. 
 
 60. Etherate of Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus 1 part. 
 
 Spirit or Essence of Peppermint, ... 12 parts. 
 Stronger Ether 150 parts. 
 
 Put the Phosphorus with the Essence in a small bottle 
 tightly stopped and warm by water-bath until the phosphorus 
 is melted, agitate constantly while cooling, to divide the phos- 
 phorus, then add the Ether and allow to macerate for several 
 days with frequent agitation. This is similar to several tinc- 
 tures and solutions of Phosphorus, and may be used whenever 
 Phosphorus in a free state is indicated. Dose, 2 minims, on 
 sugar. Two minims represent about -^ grain of Phosphorus. 
 The above is the formula of Lcebelius. Another Ether of 
 Phosphorus is sometimes used, but is an unsafe remedy on 
 account of its strength. It is as follows: 
 
 Phosphorus, 1 part. 
 
 Stronger Ether, 50 parts. 
 
 Macerate with frequent agitation in a small well-stopped 
 bottle for 30 days. 
 
 61. Etherate of Sulphur. 
 
 Washed Sulphur, 1 part. 
 
 Stronger Ether, 10 parts. 
 
 Mix, and macerate with frequent agitation for 30 days. 
 
 This is given in doses of 2 to 5 minims as a preventive and 
 cure for cholera and other zymotic and septic diseases. 
 
 62. ^therum Oleum, U. S. 
 
 Etherial Oil— Heavy Oil of 11 'inc. 
 
 " A volatile liquid consisting of equal volumes of Heavy Oil 
 of Wine and Stronger Ether." 
 
 Alcohol, by weight, 24 parts. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, by weight 54 parts. 
 
 Distilled Water, by weight, 1 part. 
 
 Stronger Ether, by weight, a sufficient quantity. 
 
ALBUMEN. . 83 
 
 
 As this is seldom made by druggists we do not repeat the 
 directions for making here, but refer to the U. S. P., page 232. 
 It is generally made and supplied by manufacturing chemists, 
 and is used in medicine only in the preparation of Spiritus 
 yEtheris Compositus, or Hoffman's Anodyne. 
 
 63. ^thyleni Bichloridum — Bichloride of 
 Ethyline — (Dutch Liquid). 
 
 This liquid was discovered by Holland chemists in 1795, 
 and was used for a long time as an anodyne and anaesthetic 
 until superseded by ether and chloroform. It is still much 
 called for among the Holland Dutch. Its chemical formula is 
 C 2 H 4 C1 2 . It is used by inhalation, the same as ether, or 
 mixed with twice its weight of alcohol, making a preparation 
 similar to Hoffman's Anodyne, and given in doses of from 10 
 to 30 minims. 
 
 ALBUMEN. 
 
 The most common and familiar form of Albumen is the 
 white of egg {Albumen Ovi), which is freshly obtained from 
 hen's eggs, or may be had in the market dried in scales or 
 granulated. Another variety is obtained from blood and other 
 animal fluids, and still another is found in the juices and 
 seeds of plants. 
 
 White of Egg is the only form of Albumen used in phar- 
 macy. It is also considerably used in the arts for various pur- 
 poses, as calico printing, making photographic paper, etc. In 
 pharmaceutical preparations the natural white of egg, which 
 contains about 12 y> per cent, of Albumen, is generally used, 
 but dried-egg albumen is sometimes employed. 
 
 The chemical composition of Albumen has not yet been 
 definitely ascertained. It is the Sphynx of the chemist, and 
 its formula is still written with an interrogation point 1?). It 
 has been found, however, to contain Sodium, Sulphur, Nitro- 
 
84 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 gen, Hydrogen and (white of egg) about 85 per cent, of water. 
 Gerhardt has given its approximate formula as 
 
 HNaC 72 H 110 N 18 SO 22 ,H 2 O. 
 
 Albumen is but little used in medicinal preparations, but 
 might be more frequently employed with advantage. It forms 
 insoluble compounds with salts of mercury, lead and copper, 
 and some other poisonous substances, and is therefore given 
 in large doses in cases of poisoning by these substances. 
 It forms insoluble compounds with tannin and other vegetable 
 astringents, and maybe employed with advantage to detannate 
 preparations which it is desirable to combine with iron, etc., as 
 Elixir of Calisaya, etc. It is a valuable nutritive, and is given 
 combined with iron, soda and glycerin in the form of a syrup. 
 (See Syrup Albuminate of Iron.) Its property of coagulating 
 by heat makes it useful for clarifying liquids, syrups, etc. It 
 is used externally in some toilet preparations and liniments, 
 and in many forms combined with wines, etc., as a nutritive 
 drink for invalids. 
 
 The combinations of Albumen with medicines are frequently 
 called nitrogenized medicines ox protein compounds. 
 
 Albumenoids are substances resembling Albumen in their 
 general character and composition. Fibrin is the chief con- 
 stituent of muscular tissue and is found in solution in the 
 blood. Casein is a constituent of milk, and Legumin (called 
 vegetable Casein) of leguminous seeds, beans, peas, almonds, etc. 
 
 Albuminates are chemical compounds, either soluble or 
 insoluble, of Albumen with other substances. The compounds 
 and mixtures generally used will be found under the headings 
 Glycerites, Syrups, Solutions, etc. 
 
 ALCOHOLES— ALCOHOLS. 
 
 The general name AlcoJwl is applied to a class of substances 
 which are, chemically, hydrates of a series of Alcohol radicals. 
 In pharmacy, Alcohol \s the hydrate of Ethyl, and is obtained 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 85 
 
 by distillation from fermented grains or other substances 
 which contain starch or sugar. 
 
 Alcohol Radicals and Primary Alcohols. — In chemistry, 
 the Alcohol radicals constitute a homologous series which 
 increases by CH 2 (one atom of carbon to two of hydrogen). 
 This is known as the C„H 2 « +1 series (n equaling any number). 
 Starting with hydrogen as a base, the radicals are built up by 
 the successive additions of CH,. 
 
 ALCOHOL RADICALS. 
 
 [Hydrogen HJ 
 
 Methyl CH 8 
 
 Ethvl C 2 H 5 
 
 Propyl (or Trityl) C 3 H 7 
 
 Butyl (or Tetry'l) C 4 H 9 
 
 Amyl C 3 H 1X 
 
 Caproyl (or Hexyl) C 6 H lg 
 
 (Lnanthyl (or Heptyl) C 7 H 15 
 
 Capryl(or Octyl) C 8 H 17 
 
 Nonyl C 9 H 19 
 
 PRIMARY ALCOHOLS. 
 
 Methyl (or Wood Alcohol). .CH s HO 
 Ethyl (or common Alcohol) C»H 5 HO 
 
 Propyl Alcohol C~H 7 HO 
 
 Butyl Alcohol C 4 H 9 HO 
 
 Amyl Alcohol C 3 H u HO 
 
 Hexyl Alcohol C 6 H 13 HO 
 
 Heptyl Alcohol C 7 H 15 HO 
 
 Octyl Alcohol C 8 H 17 HO 
 
 Nonyl Alcohol C 9 H 19 HO 
 
 The foregoing Alcohols are all liquids, their specific gravity 
 increasing with their molecular weight. To these may be 
 added Cetyl Alcohol (C 16 H 33 HO), Ceryl Alcohol (C 37 H 55 HO) 
 and Melissyl Alcohol (C 30 H C 1 HO), which are white crystal- 
 line solids. 
 
 Alcohol radicals are gaseous in their free state. They form 
 hydrides (which are mostly gaseous) with hydrogen ; oxides or 
 ethers (mostly liquid; with oxygen ; hydrates with hydrogen 
 and oxygen ; aldehyds by the loss of hydrogen ; and acids by 
 combining one equivalent of oxygen with the aldehyds. The 
 following table shows the changes that occur: 
 
 RADICALS I FREKi. Hydrides. (EthenO 
 
 Methyl Mil.,) ('11,11 
 
 Ethyl (< ,11 ... , C 8 H 8 H 
 
 Propyl « ..II- I < .11-11 
 
 Butyl ((,11,1.. <',H„ 1 1 
 
 Amyl (C-,11,,1-. ■• < ',H, ,11 
 
 Caproyl M', ; l !,,>,.. C 8 H 18 H 
 l ti Etc. 
 
 (CH 8 ) s O en, no 
 (C 8 H 8 ) 8 C E H B HO 
 
 Hydrates 
 (Alcohols) 
 
 (I M ,...'- 
 
 (C B B o 
 
 (C 6 H 18 ) 8 
 Etc. 
 
 c.,11 no 
 
 ( Jljlo 
 
 C 5 H,,HO 
 
 C 6 H 18 HO 
 
 Etc. 
 
 Aldehyds 
 
 (II.,0 
 C.,H,0 
 C 8 H 6 
 c,ll,ii 
 C B H 10 O 
 C 8 H 18 
 Etc. 
 
 Acids. 
 
 Cll.,0„ 
 
 C.,11 ,M„ 
 ('., II, ( )., 
 < ,II s O„ 
 
 C B H 10 O 8 
 
 C 8 H 18 £ 
 
 Etc. 
 
 Besides the above-mentioned primary Alcohols, many other 
 substances, which have the same elements in different combi- 
 nations, arc grouped with Alcohols, as Glycerin or Glyceric 
 
86 \.LCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 Alcohol (C 3 H s (H0 3 ), the Alcohols of the phenol series of 
 which* carbolic acid is a well-known member, and many other 
 less familiar substances. 
 
 Commercially, only two kinds of Alcohol are known in this 
 country, namely, grain Alcohol (Ethyl Alcohol), which is 
 known simply by the name "Alcohol," and wood Alcohol 
 (Methyl Alcohol), which is usually known by that name, but is 
 also sold under the proprietary title Alcoline. Methylated 
 Spirit is sold in Great Britain for manufacturing purposes, 
 without tax. It is composed of 9 parts of alcohol and 1 part 
 of wood alcohol, making it unfit for use as a beverage. 
 
 In the U. S. and German Pharmacopoeias Alcohol (Ethyl 
 Alcohol) only is mentioned. The 1885 Br. P. recognizes Amyl 
 Alcohol and Ethyl Alcohol ; but, commercially, Amyl Alcohol 
 is known as fusel ox f ousel oil. 
 
 64. Alcohol. 
 
 Ethyl Alcohol— Ethyl Hydrate. 
 C 2 H 5 HO. 
 The present U. S. P. describes Alcohol as " a liquid com- 
 posed of 91 per cent, by weight (94 per cent, by volume) of 
 Ethyl Alcohol, and 9 per cent, by weight (6 per cent, by 
 volume) of water, sp. gr. 0.820 at 15. 6° C. (60 ° F. )" It boils 
 at 78 C. (172.4 F.). 
 
 The commercial Alcohol (188 proof), which is furnished by 
 the distillers in this country, corresponds very closely with this 
 description. 
 
 The U. S. P. designates it simply by the name "ALCOHOL," 
 while the Br. P. terms it ALCOHOL ETHYLICUM — Ethylic Al- 
 cohol, which seems the more proper name, as it distinguishes it 
 from other Alcohols. Alcohol is chemically Hydrate of Ethyl. 
 It is composed of 
 
 Carbon, 52.67 parts, by weight. 
 
 Hydrogen, 12.90 parts, by weight. 
 
 Oxygen, 34-43 parts, by weight. 
 
 100. 
 
 It is obtained by distillation from fermented grain, fruit or 
 other substances composed largely of starch or sugar. In this 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 87 
 
 country Alcohol is principally made from common whisky, by 
 redistillation. When grain is used for making Alcohol or 
 spirits a portion of it is malted for the purpose of developing 
 the diastase. The coarsely-ground unmalted grain is then 
 scalded to soften the starchy matter, the malt is added, which 
 converts the starch, first, into dextrin, and then into saccharine 
 matter. It is then cooled, yeast is added, and the vinous fer- 
 mentation begins, converting the saccharine matter into Alco- 
 hol and liberating carbonic acid gas. When fermentation has 
 proceeded long enough the mash is put into stills, and the 
 Alcohol in a weak form (whisky) is obtained. It is then redis- 
 tilled to obtain the Alcohol of commerce. 
 
 When Alcohol is made from fruit or saccharine matter the 
 process begins with the vinous fermentation. Alcohol is the 
 spirit or " spirits " present in wines, beer, cider and all still malt 
 and distilled liquors ; its varying proportion determines the 
 strength of the liquors. 
 
 Absolute Alcohol is Alcohol containing not more than one 
 or two per cent, of water. It is made from ordinary Alcohol 
 by agitating with carbonate of potassium and fused chloride of 
 calcium, or with slacked lime (which absorbs the water) and 
 redistilling. Its sp. gr. is 0.794 to 0.800. It is sometimes 
 called Attwood's Patent Alcohol. 
 
 Stronger Alcohol. — This was directed in the U. S., 1870, 
 Pharmacopoeia, but was not retained in the later revision. Its 
 sp. gr. was 0.817, and it was stronger than the commercial 
 Alcohol, so it was very properly deleted. 
 
 Rectified Spirit — Spiritus Rectificatus—Br. P.— u Alcohol, 
 with sixteen per cent, of water, obtained by the distillation of 
 fermented saccharine fluids.'' 
 
 This is the Alcohol chiefly directed to be used in the prepara- 
 tions of the Br. P. It corresponds very nearly with the 1870 U.S. 
 official Alcohol its sp. gr. is 0.838, while the sp. gr. of the 1870 
 U. S. Alcohol was O.835 and contained 15 percent, of water. 
 
 To convert the U. S. [880 or commercial Alcohol into recti- 
 fied spirit of the British standard, add 1 fluidounce of water to 
 i" fl. ounces of Alcohol. This should be observed when work- 
 in.; formulae of the Br. P. 
 
88 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 The abbreviation S. V. R., Spiritus I T ini Rectificatus, so fre- 
 quently met with in English formulas, refers to rectified spirit, 
 which was formerly called Rectified Spirit of Wine. 
 
 Spiritus — Wcingist. P. G. — The Alcohol of the German 
 Pharmacopoeia contains 85.6 to 87.2 per cent, of absolute Alco- 
 hol and has sp. gr. 0.830 to 0.834. It is, therefore, a trifle 
 stronger than rectified spirit. 
 
 Cologne Spirit. — In this country this is deodorized Alcohol, 
 of the same proof as official Alcohol. In France, Cologne 
 spirit is distilled from grapes, and is of about the same proof 
 as Alcohol. When this is desired it is usually called French 
 Cologne spirit. The high duty prevents its use to any extent 
 in this country. 
 
 Pure Spirit is a commercial name for deodorized spirit of 
 about 100° proof, which corresponds very nearly with diluted 
 Alcohol. It is similar to but only about half the alcoholic 
 strength of Cologne spirit, and is largely used by rectifiers of 
 liquors and manufacturers of wines for mixing. It is also 
 called neutral spirit. 
 
 Spirit of Wine is a commercial name for Alcohol, although 
 it properly applies to the French Cologne spirit. It is fre- 
 quently called for in old recipes, and Alcohol should be 
 dispensed. 
 
 High Wine is a name used by distillers for low-proof Alco- 
 hol. When called for, ordinary Alcohol may be used. 
 
 Proof of Alcohol. — In this country liquors which contain 
 one half, or 50 per cent., by measure of absolute Alcohol are 
 called PROOF, or ioo°. If they contain more than that they 
 are called above or over proof, and, if less, below proof, the 
 proof being shown by adding to or subtracting from 100; 
 thus, whisky, gin, rum and brandy are generally proof, or ioo . 
 If five over proof, they would be called five above or over 
 proof, or 105 , and, if ten less than proof, ten below proof, or 
 90 . Commercial Alcohol is 188 , or 88° over proof, or 94 per 
 cent, (the percentage of Alcohol by measure always being one 
 half the proof degrees). 
 
 To reduce official or commercial Alcohol to any desired per- 
 centage of Alcohol, divide its per cent. (91) by the percentage 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 89 
 
 required, and subtract I from the quotient. This gives the 
 number of parts, by weight, of water to be added to one 
 part, by weight, of Alcohol. If volume per cent, is required, 
 divide the volume per cent, of official Alcohol (94) by the 
 required percentage by volume and subtract 1 from the 
 quotient. 
 
 For example, supposing 75 per cent. Alcohol, by weight, is 
 required : 
 
 75)91(1.21 
 
 75 
 
 160 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 Subtract 1 from the quotient. 
 1. 21 
 
 1 
 
 .21 
 about |- of water, or 1 ounce to 
 by weight, to be added. 
 
 Relation of Weight to Volume. — The change in the U. S. P. 
 of 1880 to parts by weight, instead of fluid measure, makes it 
 necessary to thoroughly understand the relation between the 
 weight and measure of Alcohol. It is clearly shown in the 
 following tables : 
 
 TABLE OF MEASURE, WITH WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS OF 
 ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.820 AT 15.6 C. (6o° F.).* 
 
 FLUID MEASURE. 
 
 In Troy 
 Grains. 
 
 American (Apothecary). 
 Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Minim weighs : 0.78 
 
 1 Fluiddrachm weighs i 46.7 
 
 1 Fluidounce weighs 373-7 
 
 1 Pint (16 fl. ounces) weighs 5978. S 
 
 British (Imperial). 
 Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Minim weighs O.75 
 
 drachm weighs 44.8 
 
 1 Fluidounce weighs 358. 
 
 1 Pint (20 fl. ounces) weighs 7 I 75-° 
 
 Metric Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Cubic centimetre weighs 12.4 
 
 I Litre weighs I2455.O 
 
 In Troy 
 Ounces. 
 
 O.0OI6 
 O.O97 
 
 0.779 
 
 12.462 
 
 O.OOI5 
 O.O93 
 O.748 
 f4.943 
 
 O.026 
 
 25-949 
 
 In Avoir. In Metric 
 Ounces. Grammes. 
 
 O.OOI8 
 O.IO7 
 O.S54 
 t3-674 
 
 O.0505 
 3.029 
 24.230 
 
 387. 6SO 
 
 O.OOI7 O.0484 
 
 O.I02 2.908 
 
 O.820 I 23.246 
 
 16 400 4^4-937 
 
 0.028 ! 0.807 
 28.554 S07.126 
 
 hoi increases or decreases in volume, about -fj^ for each Fahrenheit 
 of temperature between 50 and 75 . 
 
90 
 
 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 TABLE OF WEIGHT, WITH MEASURE EQUIVALENTS OF 
 ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.820 AT 15.6* C. (60 F.). 
 
 American 
 In Ameri- (Apotheca 
 can Minims, ry l Fluid- 
 Ounces. 
 
 Apothecary Weight. 
 
 1 drain measures 
 
 1 Drachm measures 
 
 1 Ounce (troy) measures 
 
 British Metric 
 
 1 Imperial) Cubic 
 
 Fl. ounces. Centim'res. 
 
 O.0S12 
 
 4.S99 
 
 39-194 
 
 Avoirdupois Wmghi 
 
 1 Ounce measures 
 
 1 Pound (16 ozs.) measures. . . 
 
 Metric Weight. 
 1 Gramme measures 
 
 Alcohol is used in pharmacy as a solvent and preservative 
 for the medicinal properties of drugs. It is used in the prep- 
 aration of medicines more frequently than any other sub- 
 stance. It is much employed in the arts for various purposes. 
 It is largely used in medicine as a stimulant, and in fact seems 
 to be essential, in some form, to all people, in all countries, 
 and in every avenue of life. 
 
 65. Alcohol Dilutum. 
 
 Diluted Ale oho/, U. S., Spirit us Tenuior or Proof Spirit Br. 
 Spirit us Dilutus, P. G. 
 
 The present U. S. P. directs diluted Alcohol to be made by 
 mixing equal weight of official Alcohol and water. It is de- 
 scribed as " a liquid composed of 45.5 per cent, by weight 
 (53 per cent, by volume) of Ethyl Alcohol, and 54.5 per cent, 
 by weight (47 per cent, by volume) of water. Sp. gr. 0.928, at 
 15.6 C. (6o° F.)," It is made as follows: 
 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL, U. S. 1880. 
 
 By Weight. By Measure. 
 
 Alcohol, sp. gr. .820, 50 parts or 16 ozs. av., 17 fl.ozs. 
 Distilled Water, . 50 parts or 16 ozs. av., 14 fl.ozs. 
 
 Mix. Sp. gr. 0.928, percentage of Ethyl Alcohol, by weight 
 45.5, by volume 53. 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 91 
 
 The 1870 U. S. diluted Alcohol was made as follows: 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL, U. S. 1870. 
 Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.835, j equal parts ) a pint. 
 
 Distilled Water, ... (by measure, ! a pint. 
 
 Mix. Sp. gr. 0.941, percentage of Ethyl Alcohol, by weight 
 39.3, by volume 46.6. 
 
 It will be observed that the present U. S. diluted Alcohol is 
 considerably stronger than the 1870. While it is desirable to 
 have a preparation of sufficient alcoholic strength for the 
 purpose, yet the 1880 diluted Alcohol seems unnecessarily 
 strong for making most of the preparations in which it is 
 employed, in fact, a much weaker menstruum could be as well 
 used in most of them. Druggists, by the usage of a century, 
 have made diluted Alcohol, by mixing equal measures of com- 
 mercial Alcohol and water. While this may not be strictly 
 scientific, it is the custom that has prevailed, and we find now, 
 in spite of the directions of the 1880 Pharmacopoeia, that the 
 practice is still continued, and that ninety-nine out of one 
 hundred druggists now mix equal volumes of commercial 
 Alcohol and water to make diluted Alcohol. This seems 
 strong enough for all purposes for which diluted Alcohol is 
 used, and we advise its adoption in all the formulas in this 
 work in which diluted Alcohol is directed, except when 
 specially marked U. S. 1880, or U. S. 1870, etc. 
 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL, TO BE USED IN THESE FORMULAS. 
 Commercial Alcohol, . \ equal parts ) a pint. 
 
 Water, (by measure, * a pint. 
 
 Mix. It contains about 43 per cent, by weight, or 50 per 
 cent, by volume, of commercial Ethyl Alcohol. Sp. gr. at 
 72° F., 0.933. 
 
 In working the formulae of the British or German authori- 
 ties it is sometimes necessary to use the standard for diluted 
 Alcohol adopted by them. We therefore give the formulas: 
 
 PROOF SPIRIT (SPIRITUS TENUIOR), BR. 1885. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, sp. gr. 0.838 5 pints. 
 
 Distilled Water 3 pints. 
 
 Mix. Sp. gr. 0.920. " It contains by weight about 49 
 
92 
 
 ALO 'HOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 per cent., and by volume about 57 per cent, of absolute 
 Alcohol." 
 
 This, it will be seen, is considerably stronger than the U. S. 
 diluted Alcohol. 
 
 SPIRITUS DILUTUS (VERDUNNTER WEINGEIST), P. G. 
 
 Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.830, by weight, 7 parts or ozs. av. 
 Water, by weight, 3 parts or ozs. av. 
 
 Mix. Sp. gr. 0.892. It contains by weight about 60 per 
 cent., and by volume about 69 per cent, of absolute Alcohol, 
 making it a fourth stronger than the U. S. official diluted 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Relation of Weight to Volume. — The change in the U. S. P. 
 to parts by weight instead of fluid measure makes it necessary 
 to thoroughly understand the relation between the weight and 
 measure of diluted Alcohol. It is clearly shown in the follow- 
 ing tables, which are calculated for U. S. 1880 official diluted 
 Alcohol (equal parts by weight of Alcohol and water) : 
 
 TABLE OF MEASURE, WITH WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS OF 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.928 AT 15.6 C. (60 F.).* 
 
 FLUID MEASURE. 
 
 In Troy- 
 Grains. 
 
 In Troy 
 Ounces. 
 
 In Avoir. In Metric 
 Ounces. Grammes 
 
 American (Apothecary) 
 Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Minim weighs 
 
 1 Fluiddrachm weighs 
 
 1 Fluidounce weighs 
 
 1 Pint (16 fl ounces) weighs 
 
 o.SS 
 52.8 
 422. S 
 6766.2 
 
 British (Imperial) 
 Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Minim weighs 
 
 1 Fluiddrachm weighs 
 
 1 Fluidounce weighs 
 
 1 Pint (20 fl. ounces) weighs. 
 
 Metric Fluid Measure. 
 
 1 Cubic centimetre weighs 
 1 Litre weighs 
 
 406.1 
 
 3I22.0 
 
 15-3 
 [5347-2 
 
 0.001S 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 0.881 
 14.146 
 
 0.0020 0.0571 
 
 0.121 3.42S 
 
 0.966 27.406 
 
 15.456 438.496 
 
 0.846 
 16.920 
 
 0.S4 0.001S 0.019 0.0548 
 
 50.8 0.108 0.116 3-2Sg 
 
 0.928 I 26.315 
 1S.562 526.308 
 
 0.032 0.035 °>9 2 5 
 
 31-973 35-io2 925.792 
 
 * Diluted Alcohol increases. or decreases in volume about ^^ for each Fahren- 
 heit degree of temperature between 50° and 75°. 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 93 
 
 TABLE OF WEIGHT, WITH MEASURE EQUIVALENTS OF 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.928 AT I5.6 : C. (6o D F.). 
 
 In Ameri- 
 can Minims, 
 
 Apothecary Weight. 
 
 1 Grain measures 1.13 
 
 1 Drachm measures 68.1 
 
 1 Ounce (troy) measures 544-8 
 
 Avoirdupois Weight. 
 
 1 Ounce measures 495-4 
 
 1 Pound (16 oz.) measures 7626. S 
 
 Metric Weight. 
 
 1 Gramme measures ... 16.6 
 
 American 
 
 (Apotheca- 
 ry) Fluid- 
 ounces. 
 
 O.OO23 
 
 O.142 
 
 1135 
 
 I.046 
 16.736 
 
 O.036 
 
 British 
 
 (Imperial) 
 
 Fluid 
 
 Ounces. 
 
 O.OO24 
 O.I48 
 1. 182 
 
 1-075 
 17.201 
 
 0.038 
 
 Metric 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Centime'rs. 
 
 O.0702 
 4-213 
 33-702 
 
 30.583 
 4S9.32S 
 
 When alcohol and water are mixed, a slight contraction of 
 volume occurs with a rise in temperature. The greatest con- 
 traction occurs when 52.6 volumes of alcohol are mixed with 
 47.4 volumes of water, it being 3.4 per cent. This should be 
 taken into account when making specified quantities of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Alcohol in Pharmacy. — Alcohol is used in pharmacy to 
 extract or dissolve the properties of drugs and to preserve 
 their solution. No other solvent of medicinal substances has 
 been found of such universal value and application. A large- 
 share of the liquid preparations that are used in pharmacy 
 contain Alcohol and depend upon its solvent power and pre- 
 servative virtue for their value. Besides this, it is used in 
 making most of the solid extracts, abstracts, alkaloids, resin- 
 oids, and many other solid preparations. 
 
 The liquid preparations in which Alcohol is used as the sol- 
 vent of medicinal principles, or for their preservation, may be 
 classified as follows : 
 
 Cordials and Elixirs, which contain aromatic substances, and 
 mild medicines, sweetened and combined with sufficient Alco- 
 hol to keep them and hold their properties in solution. 
 
 Essences and Flavoring Extracts, which are mostly made 
 From essential oils, or aromatic substances dissolved in 
 Alcohol. 
 
94 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 
 
 Fluid and Liquid Extracts, which contain a large quantity of 
 medicinal value held in solution by Alcohol or diluted Alcohol. 
 
 Liquors of all kinds, which are mainly Alcohol in some 
 form, diluted and flavored with the substances peculiar to the 
 kind. 
 
 Spirits, which are solutions of essential oils, aromatic sub- 
 stances, etc., in Alcohol, and among which may be included 
 perfumes. 
 
 Solutions, which contain Alcohol, either as a solvent or pre- 
 servative, as solutions of gums, resins, acids, alkaloids, etc. 
 
 Tinctures, which are mainly solutions of the medicinal prin- 
 ciples of drugs in Alcohol or diluted Alcohol. 
 
 To these may be added the abstracts, solid extracts, alka- 
 loids, and medicinal principles of drugs generally, which are 
 obtained by the aid of Alcohol, and it will be seen that in 
 pharmacy it is the most important of any substance, in fact, 
 entirely indispensable in its practice. 
 
 In French pharmacy Alcohol is called A/coo/, and alcoholic 
 preparations are classified according to the manner of prepar- 
 ing them and the substances used in them. 
 
 Alcoolats or Alcoholates are medicated distilled spirits, 
 made by macerating aromatic and other substances with Alco- 
 hol, and distilling. We have no official preparations that cor- 
 respond with them. They will be noticed under the headings 
 Distillates, Essences, Spirits, Tinctures, etc. 
 
 Alcoolateures. — These are tinctures prepared by macerat- 
 ing fresh plants (roots, barks, seeds, leaves, flowers, etc.) in 
 Alcohol. They correspond very nearly to what are known in 
 this country as green plant fluid extracts. They are made by 
 macerating equal parts by weight of the fresh substance, prop- 
 erly cut, bruised or divided, in ninety per cent. Alcohol, for 
 ten days, then pouring off the liquid, pressing the drugs, and 
 filtering the extract thus obtained. As our green plant fluid 
 extracts are so similar, these preparations will not be further 
 noticed. 
 
 Alcooles. — These are simple solutions of medicinal sub- 
 stances in Alcohol. Among them are the mixtures of acids, 
 
ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 95 
 
 ammonia, etc., with Alcohol and the solutions of alkaloids and 
 their salts, phosphorus, carbonate of potassium, soap, etc., 
 which are not properly classified under the head of " Tinctures 
 Alcoholiques." We have included these under the general 
 heading- "Tinctures." Besides the above-mentioned prepara- 
 tions containing Alcohol, are those which are classified the 
 same as in our own works, which will be noticed under their 
 proper headings, as Elixirs, Essences, Extracts, Spirits, Tinc- 
 tures', etc. 
 
 66. Alcohol Amylicum, Br. 
 
 Amylic Alcohol — Fousel Oil — Hydrate of Amy I. 
 C 5 H tl HO. 
 This is a " liquid of oily consistence contained in the crude 
 spirit produced by the fermentation of saccharine solutions 
 with yeast, and separated in the rectification or distillation of 
 such crude spirit." It is a hydrate of the radical amyl (C 5 H X 1 ), 
 and is commercially known as Fusel or Fousel Oil. When pure 
 its sp. gr. is 0.818. It boils at 1 32 0.(269.6° F.). It is the base 
 of many of the so-called fruit ethers or artificial fruit flavors and 
 of most of the artificial liquor flavors, and is used in medicine 
 for making nitrate of Amyl and valerianate of sodium. 
 
 67. Alcohol Methylicum. 
 
 Met hylic Alcohol— Wood Alcohol— Wood Naphtha — Hydrate of 
 Mi 'thj 7 — Carbinol. 
 CH3HO. 
 
 This Alcohol is produced by the destructive distillation of 
 wood, hence it is called Wood Alcohol, pyroxylic spirit or wood 
 naphtha. It is chemically a hydrate of the radical methyl 
 (CH 8 ); its specific gravity is 0.798; it boils at about 65° C. 
 (149 !•".). It is used considerably in making varnishes and 
 many other preparations as a substitute for Alcohol, but on 
 account <>f its peculiar odor cannot replace Ethyl Alcohol in 
 medicinal preparations, but is considerably used in making 
 some kinds of chemicals, as salicylic acid, etc. It was formerly 
 used for consumption and chronic catarrh; but its internal 
 administration is nearly abandoned. 
 
96 ALDEHYDES - ALDEIIVDS. 
 
 ALDEHYDES — ALDEHYDS. 
 
 Aldehyds are derived from Alcohols by the elimination of 
 H 2 from the hydrates of the Alcohol radicals. Aldehyds 
 corresponding to eleven of the primary Alcohols have been 
 discovered. Although but one is known in pharmacy, namely, 
 Acetic Aldehyd, C 2 H 4 (from Ethyl Alcohol), and that is sel- 
 dom used. The chemical composition of several of the 
 aldehyds will be found on page 85. 
 
 The aldehyds are intermediate in position between alcohols 
 and acids — the first step in the oxidation (or dehydration) of 
 alcohols, which, when continued, converts them into acids. 
 They unite with ammonia, forming aldehyd-ammonias, which 
 by losing H 2 condense into the basic substances aldines and 
 oxaldines. The aromatic aldehyds, as benzoic, cumic, salicylic, 
 cinnamic, etc., are obtained from essential oils or plants, and 
 when acted upon by ammonia produce hydramides. 
 
 68. Aldehyd. 
 
 Acetic Aldehyd. 
 
 C 2 H 4 0. 
 
 Aldehyd is made by mixing three parts of eighty per cent. 
 Alcohol with two parts of nitric acid, distilling, purifying, sep- 
 arating and redistilling. The nitric acid combines with the 
 Alcohol and unites with a portion of its hydrogen to form 
 nitrous ether and aldehyd, which are distilled and treated with 
 ammonia gas. The nitrous ether separates as a layer floating 
 on the solution of ammonia aldehyd, the latter is then mixed 
 with diluted sulphuric acid, and redistilled over chloride of 
 calcium. The sp. gr. of aldehyd is 0.805 at °° C. (32° F.). It 
 is antiputrescent, and has properties somewhat similar to ether, 
 but is not used in medicine. Several of its derivatives, how- 
 ever, as chloroform and chloral, are much employed. Acetals 
 are compounds made by combining aldehyds and alcohols 
 with elimination of water. Bromal, Iodal, Chloral, and Butyl 
 Chloral are derivatives of aldehyd. 
 
ALDEHYDES — ALDEHYDS. ALKALIES. 97 
 
 69. Paraldehyd. 
 
 This has recently come into use as a hypnotic and anodyne. 
 It contains the same elements in the same proportions as 
 aldehyd, but in triple combination: C 6 H 12 3 = 3C 2 H 4 0. 
 It is made by acting upon aldehyd with small quantities of 
 mineral acids or zinc chloride, or by adding a few drops of 
 concentrated sulphuric acid to aldehyd, and subsequent 
 distillation. It is a colorless liquid at ordinary temperature, 
 solid at 50 F., soluble in cold water or elixir. The adult 
 dose is from half to one and one half fluiddrachm. It has 
 not yet come into general use, but is thus far very favorably 
 received. 
 
 ALKALIES. 
 
 Commercially, the hydrate of sodium (caustic soda) and the 
 hydrate of potassium (caustic potassa) only, are known as 
 Alkalies, but in pharmacy the carbonates of these metals and 
 of ammonia, the solution of gaseous ammonia in water (water 
 of ammonia) and, indirectly, the hydrates and carbonates of 
 lithium, barium, calcium, strontium, and magnesium are classed 
 with the Alkalies. In a general way, Alkalies are known as 
 bases, which combine with fatty acids to form soaps or oleates ; 
 which combine with acids to form neutral salts ; which turn 
 red litmus blue or yellow turmeric brown, and which are in 
 every way the reverse of acids. The manufacture of soda 
 and potassa Alkalies constitutes a great commercial industry. 
 These manufactures are known as alkali-works, and are mostly 
 devoted to the manufacture of Soda Alkali. 
 
 The Soda Ash of commerce is the impure carbonate of 
 sodium, which is the basis of the Soda Alkali. 
 
 Potash or Pcarlash is impure carbonate of potash, the base 
 of the Potassa Alkali. The Alkalies form the bases of a great 
 variety of chemicals which are used in medicine, and are exten- 
 sively employed in many important manufacturing industries 
 and in the arts. They are sometimes named from their source 
 
98 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 of supply, as ammonia is called animal alkali ; potassa, veget- 
 able alkali ; soda, mineral alkali ; barium, calcium, strontium, 
 and magnesia, alkaline earths, etc. The Alkalies and their 
 uses will be further noticed under the headings of the sub- 
 stances which compose them. 
 
 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 The name Alkaloids is given to a class of organic bases 
 which (like alkalies) combine with acids to form salts. The 
 Alkaloids and their salts represent the active medicinal prop- 
 erties of most vegetable drugs and form a very important class 
 of chemicals. The manufacture of Alkaloids and their salts 
 is chiefly carried on by manufacturing chemists, and a large 
 amount of capital is thus employed. 
 
 Alkaloids may be classed as natural and artificial. The 
 natural Alkaloids are obtained from organic substances (animal 
 or vegetable) in which they exist combined with other sub- 
 stances, and the artificial are produced by the skill of the 
 chemist. The natural Alkaloids all contain nitrogen, with 
 hydrogen as a base, and are probably derivatives of the ammo- 
 nia type (NH 3 ). Carbon is present in all, and oxygen in most 
 of them. Alkaloids which contain the four elements C, H, N, O, 
 are called AMIDES. They are generally non-volatile crystalliz- 
 able solids, representing the active principles of vegetable and 
 animal substances from which they are obtained. Alkaloids 
 which contain only the three elements C, H, N, are called 
 AMINES. They are generally volatile liquids, artificially made 
 by substituting hydrocarbon radicals wholly or partly for the 
 hydrogen of the typical ammonia base. 
 
 Considerable confusion formerly existed because of the lack 
 of uniformity of the termination of the names of Alkaloids — 
 some ending with ia and some with ine, as morphia, quinine, 
 etc., but in the late revisions of the American and British 
 Pharmacopoeias the terminal letters of the names of the Alka- 
 loids are uniformly ine. It should, therefore, be remembered 
 that in older works of pharmacy the names of Alkaloids that 
 terminated in ia would now be written ine. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 99 
 
 As Alkaloids are, so to speak, the concentrated principles of 
 the substances from which they are derived they are very 
 powerful, compared with the crude substances, the dose of 
 many of them being very minute. Their salts, being more 
 soluble, are mainly used in medicine. Several Alkaloids 
 varying in composition and characteristics are sometimes 
 obtained from one plant, but in the main they are true repre- 
 sentatives of the drug in properties and actions. 
 
 Alkaloids are generally insoluble or but sparingly soluble in 
 water, but are readily dissolved in alcohol, chloroform, and the 
 liquid hydrocarbons. They form salts with acids, generally 
 soluble in water. From aqueous solutions of these salts the 
 Alkaloids are precipitated by alkalies, because of the stronger 
 attraction of their acids for the alkali than the alkaloidal base. 
 
 The Alkaloids are mainly used in pharmacy as bases for 
 preparing their salts, and are but little employed in medicine, 
 their soluble salts being used instead. It is therefore unneces- 
 sary to give explicit formulae for all of them, but only such as 
 are more frequently employed and general processes which 
 may apply to the remainder. 
 
 The following general directions for preparing Alkaloids 
 from crude drugs are therefore given, but it may be stated 
 that they can only be considered general directions, and that 
 some special treatment, requiring experience and chemical 
 know ledge is necessary to successfully obtain and separate the 
 Alkaloids of most substances. They are, therefore, generally 
 supplied by competent manufacturing chemists. 
 
 70. General Directions for Preparing 
 
 Alkaloids. 
 
 I. FOR ALKALOIDS SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER, OR 
 
 WHICH EXIST IN THE PLANTS, ETC., IN THE FORM 
 
 OF ACIDS, OR SOLUBLE SALTS OF ALKALOIDS. 
 
 Macerate the drug, in coarse powder, twenty-four hours, in 
 water sufficient to cover it, then pack it moderately in the 
 water-bath percolator, adding water freely, and heat to boiling; 
 then begin to percolate, adding water through the percolator, 
 and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 
 
100 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 exhausted ; strain the percolate while hot and slowly add to 
 the liquid water of ammonia or liquor of potassa as long as it 
 continues to precipitate, allow to settle, pour off the liquid, 
 pour the precipitate upon a filter, wash with a little water, 
 press, dissolve in very dilute acetic or hydrochloric acid, pre- 
 cipitate again with ammonia or potassa, pour off, drain, and 
 repeat the operation as many times as may be necessary to 
 purify the Alkaloids. The product is the Alkaloids of the 
 drug, which are partially soluble in water. If necessary, they 
 must be separated by various means, recrystallized and dried. 
 The liquors which are poured off contain a small percentage 
 of the Alkaloids, which may be recovered by evaporating them 
 and treating in the same manner as directed. 
 
 II. FOR ALKALOIDS INSOLUBLE IN WATER. 
 
 Macerate the drug, in moderately fine powder, for twenty- 
 four hours, with sufficient alcohol to cover it, pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator, pour alcohol upon it, heat moder- 
 ately for an hour and begin to percolate, adding alcohol to the 
 drug and continuing the heat and percolation until its strength 
 is exhausted ; distil off most of the alcohol and to the residue 
 add sufficient very dilute acetic or muriatic acid to dissolve 
 the Alkaloids that are in the soft extract ; this is best accom- 
 plished by washing it with several portions of the dilute acid ; 
 filter the acid solution and add to it sufficient water of ammo- 
 nia or liquor potassa to precipitate the Alkaloids, wash the 
 precipitate on a filter with water, and redissolve and reprecipi- 
 tate if necessary. The product is the Alkaloids soluble in 
 alcohol that were contained in the drug, and they must be 
 separated if necessary. 
 
 Many other processes are employed for obtaining Alkaloids, 
 as boiling the drug with dilute acid, precipitating with an 
 alkali, etc., but the foregoing are sufficient to show the general 
 methods. It may be explained in regard to the foregoing 
 processes that the heat employed serves to dissolve the alka- 
 loids, the same as the acids which are used in other processes, 
 and the subsequent treatment is less troublesome ; for exam- 
 ple : Strychnine dissolves in 12 parts of boiling or 1 10 parts 
 of cold alcohol ; quinine in 2 parts boiling or 6 parts of cold 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 101 
 
 alcohol ; caffeine in 10 parts of boiling or 75 parts of cold 
 water; therefore, when drugs are percolated with a boiling or 
 heated menstruum, their alkaloids are as readily dissolved as 
 when acids are used, and their subsequent separation is much 
 more simple. 
 
 The following are the more important Alkaloids which have 
 been sufficiently investigated to receive reliable recognition 
 and formulas. Many others, of course, exist, for it may be 
 assumed that every genus of plants has its characteristic basic 
 principle or principles which may be isolated, but only the 
 more important ones have thus far received attention. 
 
 Important Alkaloids and their Salts. 
 
 Of the Alkaloids known and named by chemists, but few are 
 used in medicine, and most of them are unimportant except as 
 chemical products and curiosities. Of the small number which 
 are used in medicine but few are employed as Alkaloids, but 
 mainly as salts formed by the union of these organic bases 
 with acids. 
 
 The Alkaloids are generally used for making the oleates, 
 because they will combine with oleic acid, while their salts 
 will not. Some of them are also employed in delicate prepar- 
 ations, where the acids with which they are combined as salts 
 would be inadmissible. 
 
 The following important Alkaloids and their salts are those 
 which are frequently used in medicine : 
 
 71. Aconitina. 
 
 Aconitine — {Formerly called Aconitid). 
 
 C„H i:i N0 12 . 
 
 Tin's Alkaloid was formerly official, but has now been drop- 
 ped from the L'. S. 1\ It is still retained in the Br. P., and is 
 much more used than formerly. It is present in Aconite, 
 associated with several other Alkaloids, as pseud-aconitine, 
 C,,l I„\'o n ; pier aconitine \ C :; ,l [ M No M ; aconine, ( '.,,•. I l,,,N( ),, ; pseud- 
 aconine, ( ,, ; H 4 ,NO g ; aconitic acid, H 3 C H s O 8 , etc. 
 
102 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 Owing to the many varieties of Aconite Root of commerce 
 which yield different Alkaloids, any general formula which 
 would apply to all would be uncertain in its results, as different 
 varieties of Aconite yield different Alkaloids. This Alkaloid 
 is, therefore, chiefly manufactured by a few manufacturing 
 chemists who have made a reputation for their particular 
 make. The crystallized Aconitine, made by the French chem- 
 ist Duquesnal, stands the highest ; but the most that is found 
 in the market is amorphous, and is supplied by other chemical 
 establishments of good repute. The following general pro- 
 cess, which very much resembles that of the Br. P., except in 
 the manner of extracting the drug, may be employed : 
 
 . ■ ., -r, , . , | any convenient 
 
 Aconite Root, in coarse powder, > J 
 
 ) quantity. 
 
 Alcohol, I 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, ... „ . 
 
 „, -r, , - a sufficient 
 
 Stronger Lvther 
 
 ttt , r a ■ I quantity. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, > J 
 
 Moisten the Aconite Root with one-half its weight of Alco- 
 hol, and pack it firmly in the water-bath percolator; pour upon 
 it sufficient alcohol to cover it, and set it in a warm place for 
 four days, then heat very moderately, and after one hour begin 
 to percolate, adding alcohol to the drug and continuing the 
 heat and percolation until it is exhausted. Distil off nearly 
 all the alcohol by means of the water-bath and still, and add 
 to the soft extract which remains, for each pound of the drug 
 which was taken, half a pint of water, acidulated with half an 
 ounce of diluted sulphuric acid. Heat this gently by water- 
 bath until all the spirit has been evaporated, and filter through 
 paper to remove resinous and oily substances. To this liquid 
 add water of ammonia to slight excess and heat gently by 
 water-bath until no odor of ammonia remains ; separate the 
 precipitate by filtration and carefully dry it, reduce it to a 
 coarse powder and shake it with successive portions of ether, 
 which dissolves the Aconitine ; mix the several etherial wash- 
 ings and distil off the ether, or allow it to evaporate sponta- 
 neously, then dissolve the residual extract thus obtained in 
 water acidulated with sufficient diluted sulphuric acid ; repre- 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 103 
 
 cipitate by carefully adding water of ammonia, collect the 
 precipitate upon a filter and wash with a little water, then dry. 
 The product is Amorphous Aconitine. 
 
 The following process for making crystallized Aconitine was 
 proposed by John Williams, F. C. S., at the August, 1886, 
 meeting of the Br. Pharmaceutical Council. The root of 
 Aconitum Napclhis only should be used : 
 
 The root should be brought to the state of a coarse powder 
 only ; if made very fine it is difficult to work. It should be 
 exhausted with spirit of full strength (rectified spirit), say 62 
 to 64 per cent., about four ounces of tartaric acid to each cwt. 
 of the root should be dissolved in the spirit ; cold maceration 
 for about four days, followed by percolation, returning the per- 
 colate to the root for the second maceration of a day, then 
 percolating until the drug is exhausted and a very concen- 
 trated tincture is obtained. The spirit must now be dis- 
 tilled off at the lowest possible temperature, but the dis- 
 tillation should be stopped and a little hot water added 
 before all the spirit has passed over. The evaporation by 
 water-bath is then to be continued by gentle heat until all 
 traces of spirit have been driven off. The thin aqueous 
 extract is then to be filtered through coarse wetted filter paper, 
 which separates the resinous and a portion of the oily matter; 
 the remainder of the oily matter is then removed by shaking 
 with ether, the ether is separated and to the remaining puri- 
 fied aqueous extract a slight excess of concentrated solution 
 of carbonate of sodium (sal soda) is added, which precipitates 
 the Alkaloid ; this is heated and the Alkaloid separates into a 
 mass, which is to be washed on a filter with hot water, then 
 dried and macerated in several portions of pure ether. The 
 ether washings are then to be mixed, filtered and allowed to 
 evaporate spontaneously. Crystals of Aconitine may then be 
 collected, drained and dried. 
 
 Aconitine has been used externally in the form of an oint- 
 ment and oleate; the former is official in the Br. P. (see Oint- 
 ments), and the latter is supplied by manufacturing pharma- 
 cists. (Sec Oleates.) On account of its great power and the 
 uncertainty <>f the preparations <>n the market, it has been but 
 
104 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 little used internally; but as more reliable and uniform Acon- 
 itine is now being produced, it is beginning to be more 
 employed. It is generally used as a trituration : one part 
 Aconitine with 500 parts sugar of milk. The dose of Aconitine 
 is from -g-^ to ^-jU^ of a grain, hence the dose of a trituration 
 1:500 would be from 1 to 2 grains. It is used for the same 
 purposes as Aconite in fevers, neuralgia, etc. 
 
 The following salts of Aconitine are sometimes used : 
 
 Nitrate of Aconitine. — This is prepared by exhausting 
 Aconite root with alcohol, as directed for making Aconitine, 
 distilling off the alcohol, adding boiling water and a slight 
 excess of water of ammonia, filtering, dissolving the filtrate 
 in water acidulated with nitric acid, evaporating and crystalliz- 
 ing. The crystals are then dissolved and purified by recrys- 
 tallization. 
 
 Sulphate of Aconitine. — This is prepared in the same man- 
 ner as the nitrate, except that sulphuric acid is used instead 
 of nitric. 
 
 These Alkaloids are readily soluble and possess the same 
 properties as Aconitine. 
 
 The dose, when administered internally, is from 3--^ to -^0 
 grain. 
 
 72. Apomorphina. 
 
 Apomorphinc — {Apomorphia.) 
 C 17 H 17 N0 3 . 
 
 The Alkaloid is seldom used, and when wanted may be 
 most conveniently prepared from its hydrochlorate, which is 
 the official salt employed in medicine. It may be made by 
 dissolving the hydrochlorate of Apomorphine in water, precip- 
 itating it with bicarbonate of sodium, washing the precipitate 
 with a little cold water and drying quickly by gentle heat. 
 
 Apomorphine is morphine deprived of one molecule of 
 water, as shown in the following formula : 
 
 C 17 H 19 N0 3 — H 2 = C 17 H 17 N0 2 . 
 
 Morphine. Wat er. Apomorphine. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 105 
 
 73. Apomorphinae Hydrochloras. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Apomorphine. 
 
 C 17 H 17 N0 2 HC1. 
 
 This salt, which was made official in the last U. S. P., may be 
 prepared by heating one part of morphine with twenty parts 
 of pure hydrochloric acid in a strong glass or metal tube of 
 at least fifteen times the capacity of the substances introduced. 
 The tube must be securely sealed and the heat is best regu- 
 lated by means of an oil-bath, by which it can be maintained 
 for three hours at a temperature of 140 to 150 C. (284° to 
 302 F.). After heating in this manner the tube is cooled and 
 its contents dissolved in water; bicarbonate of sodium in 
 excess is then added, and, when the precipitate has subsided, 
 the liquid is poured off and the precipitate shaken with succes- 
 sive portions of ether, which dissolves the apomorphine ; a few 
 drops of hydrochloric acid are then added to the etherial 
 washings and, after standing, crystals of hydrochlorate of mor- 
 phine are found (the acid uniting with the apomorphine and 
 separating from the ether because the salt is insoluble in ether). 
 The crystals are then dissolved in boiling water, and recrystal- 
 lized, making the pure hydrochlorate of apomorphine, which 
 is employed in medicine. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is powerfully emetic and sedative, but does 
 not possess narcotic principles. It has recently gained favor 
 with physicians and is being considerably prescribed. The 
 usual adult dose is from yi to J^ grain, or, when injected hypo- 
 dermically fa to -fa grain. 
 
 74. Atropina. 
 
 A tr opine — {A tropin.) 
 • C„H„NO,. 
 
 This is the principle Alkaloid of belladonna, official in the 
 U. S., Br. and German pharmacopoeias. It may be prepared 
 
106 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 by the following process, which is in part adopted from the 
 1885 Br. P.: 
 
 Belladonna Root, in coarse powder, . . 2 pounds. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Slacked Lime, 1 ounce. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, ) , „ . 
 
 ~ , , ;D , . - of each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Carbonate or Potassium, ( n J 
 
 Chloroform 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Purified Animal Charcoal, sufficient. 
 
 Distilled Water, jo fl. ounces. 
 
 Moisten the powder with a pint of alcohol, pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator, and pour alcohol upon it until the 
 drug is covered ; set in a warm place to macerate for two days, 
 then heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to perco- 
 late, adding alcohol, and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until the drug is exhausted; add the lime to the tincture thus 
 obtained and agitate thoroughly, then filter ; add sufficient 
 diluted sulphuric acid to the filtrate to acidulate it slightly; 
 filter again, distil off most of the alcohol, add the distilled 
 water and evaporate until no odor of alcohol remains ; then 
 cool and carefully add carbonate of potassium dissolved in 
 water to nearly neutralize the acid, taking care not to add an 
 excess, and set aside for several hours ; then filter, and add an 
 excess of carbonate of potassium, then the chloroform, and 
 agitate thoroughly for some time, allow to separate, pour off 
 the upper liquid, distil the chloroform from the remainder, 
 dissolve the residue in a little warm alcohol, digest the solution 
 with a little animal charcoal, filter, evaporate and cool, until 
 colorless crystals of atropine are obtained. 
 
 Uses. — On account of its insolubility Atropine is but little 
 used except in oleates and ointments. It has the same prop- 
 erties as belladonna, and is a narcotic. Dose, y4-o to -^ grain 
 in trituration. 
 
 75. Atropinae Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Atropine — (Sulphate of Atropia.) 
 
 Atropine, 120 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 4 fl. drachms. . 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, sufficient. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 107 
 
 Rub the Atropine first to a fine powder and then to a 
 smooth mixture with the water, and add diluted sulphuric 
 acid, drop by drop, until the Alkaloid is dissolved and the 
 solution is neutral. Evaporate the solution to dryness at a 
 temperature not exceeding Z7-7°° C. (ioo° F.). 
 
 Uses. — This salt is quite soluble in water, and its solution 
 (i to ioo) is employed as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupil of 
 the eye i and for other purposes in which the action of bella- 
 donna is desired. The adult dose, internally, is T |- ¥ to -^ grain 
 or less in trituration. 
 
 76. Beberina. 
 
 Beberine — {Beberia — Bibiria.) 
 C 36 H 43 N 3 6 . 
 
 This Alkaloid is obtained from nectandra or bebeeru bark, 
 in which it exists combined with nectandrine (C 40 H 46 N 3 O 8 ) 
 and other Alkaloids. It is identical with buxine, from box, 
 and pelosine or cissampeline, from pareira. 
 
 The Alkaloid is not used in medicine but its sulphate is offi- 
 cial in the Br. P., and the Alkaloid may be prepared from it if 
 desired by decomposing its solution in hot water with water of 
 ammonia, and washing and drying the precipitate. From the 
 similarity of names care must be taken not to dispense bebe- 
 rine or its salts when forberine is ordered, and vice versa. 
 
 77. Beberinae Sulphas, Br. 
 
 Sulphate of Beberine — {Sulphate of Beberia.) 
 
 The following is the formula official in the Br. P. : 
 
 Bebeeru Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 pound av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, x / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Slacked Lime, q. s., or ^ ounce av. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia, a sufficiency. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, a sufficiency. 
 
 Water, 154 fl. ounces. 
 
 I distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
108 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 Add the sulphuric acid to the water, pour upon the bebeeru 
 bark enough of the mixture to moisten it thoroughly; let it 
 macerate for twenty-four hours, place it in a percolator and 
 pass through it the remainder of the acidulated water ; con- 
 centrate the acid percolate to 20 fl. ounces, cool and add grad- 
 ually the lime in the form of milk of lime, agitating well, and 
 taking care that the fluid still retains a distinct acid reaction ; 
 let it rest for two hours, filter through calico, wash the precip- 
 itate with a little cold distilled water, and to the filtrate add 
 solution of ammonia until the fluid has a faint ammoniacal odor ; 
 collect the precipitate on a cloth, wash it twice with 10 ounces 
 of cold water, squeeze it gently with the hand and dry it by 
 the heat of a water-bath ; pulverize the precipitate and wash 
 with separate portions of the spirit, mix the washings, add 4 
 ounces of distilled water and distil the greater part of the 
 spirit ; to the residue add with agitation diluted sulphuric acid 
 until the fluid has a slight acid reaction; evaporate to dryness, 
 dissolve in distilled water, filter, evaporate to a syrupy consist- 
 ence, spread on glass plates, and dry by a temperature not 
 exceeding 140 F. (6o° C). 
 
 This is used as a substitute for quinine, or, rather, its action 
 is similar to it, but it cannot be considered its equal. The 
 dose is from 1 to 10 grains. 
 
 78. Berberina. 
 
 Berbcrinc — (Berberia.) 
 
 C 20 H 17 NO 4 . 
 
 The Alkaloid Berberine is found in a large number of plants, 
 but is most abundant in hydrastis, columbo, gold-thread and 
 several species of barberry. It may be obtained by several 
 methods ; but, perhaps, the simplest and the best is by boiling 
 the coarsely-powdered barks or roots, or, preferably, percolating 
 them in the water-bath percolator with boiling water until they 
 are exhausted. The decoction is then to be evaporated to a 
 soft extract and washed with successive portions of alcohol 
 to dissolve out the Berberine ; to the alcoholic washings, mixed 
 and filtered, a little water is then to be added and the alco- 
 hol distilled off by means of a water-bath ; the remaining 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 109 
 
 liquid is then condensed, allowed to cool, and crystals of Ber- 
 berine will form ; these may be purified by dissolving in hot 
 water and recrystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — The Alkaloid is but little used, but its salts are 
 extensively employed in medicine. It is a tonic to the 
 mucous membrane, a bitter stomachic and general alterative, 
 and has properties similar to quinine. The dose is from i to 8 
 grains. 
 
 79. Berberinae Hydrochloras. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Berberine. 
 
 This salt, which was formerly known as hydrastin, is gener- 
 ally prepared from golden seal. A decoction may be made, 
 evaporated and treated with alcohol in the same manner as is 
 directed for making Berberine. A little water, acidulated 
 with hydrochloric acid, is then to be added to the alcoholic 
 solution, the alcohol distilled, and the remaining liquid set 
 aside, in which crystals of Hydrochlorate of Berberine will 
 form ; these are to be drained from the mother liquor, dis- 
 solved in hot water and purified by recrystallization. 
 
 It can also be prepared from the Alkaloid berberine by dis- 
 solving it in hot water, acidulated with hydrochloric acid, 
 allowing to crystallize, and purifying by recrystallizing from 
 hot water. 
 
 This sajt gained considerable notoriety as an eclectic remedy 
 under the name of hydrastin, and was afterwards known as 
 muriate of hydrastin ; but this salt, which is of a bright yellow 
 color, has been shown to be the Hydrochlorate of Berberine, 
 the salts of hydrastine being white instead. 
 
 Uses. — Its uses are similar to the Alkaloid — a tonic to the 
 mucous surfaces, etc. It is much used in atonic dyspepsia 
 and weakness of the digestive tract. Dose, 1 to 4 grains. 
 
 80., Berberinae Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Berberine. 
 This is prepared by dissolving Berberine in hot water, acid- 
 ulated with sulphuric acid, crystallizing, redissolving the crys- 
 tals in hot water and recrystallizing; or may be made directly 
 
110 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 from the barks or roots containing Berberine in the same 
 manner as is directed for making Berberine, except that water, 
 acidulated with sulphuric acid, instead of water, must be added 
 to the alcoholic solution before distillation. 
 
 Uses. — The uses of this salt are similar to the Alkaloid. 
 It is also used in making elixirs, etc. The dose is from i to 4 
 grains. 
 
 81. Caffeina. 
 
 Caffeine — TJieine — Guaranine. 
 C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ,H 2 O. 
 
 Coffee, tea, some other plants, and guarana contain an iden- 
 tical Alkaloid called Caffeine. Coffee contains about 1 per 
 cent., tea 1^ to 4 per cent., and guarana 4 to 5 per cent, of 
 this Alkaloid. It is prepared from these substances by boiling 
 them in water to make a strong decoction, precipitating the 
 decoction with acetate of lead to remove astringent and other 
 matter, filtering, passing sulphuretted hydrogen gas through 
 the filtrate to remove excess of lead, filtering again, adding 
 water of ammonia, evaporating and recrystallizing. It is sel- 
 dom made except by manufacturing chemists. 
 
 Uses. — Caffeine is used as a nerve stimulant in sick and 
 nervous headache and periodic nervous derangements. The 
 dose is from 1 to 5 grains. 
 
 82. Caffeinae Citras, Br. 
 
 Citrate of Caffeine. 
 C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ,H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 . 
 
 Caffeine, 1 ounce. 
 
 Citric Acid, 1 ounce. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the citric acid in the water and stir the Caffeine 
 into the heated solution ; evaporate to dryness on a water-bath, 
 constantly stirring towards the end of the operation. 
 
 The properties and uses of this preparation are the same as 
 Caffeine. The dose is from 2 to 10 grains. It may be con- 
 veniently given in the form of an elixir. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ■ ALKALOIDS. Ill 
 
 83. Chinoidium. 
 
 Chinoidin — Chinoidine. ( Quinoidin.) 
 
 In the manufacture of Quinine, after all the crystallizable 
 salts have been obtained from the mother liquors, there 
 remains a black amorphous mass, consisting of the mixed 
 uncrystallizable Alkaloids of chinchona bark, mainly quinici)ie 
 and cinchonicine, which are isomeric with Quinine and Cincho- 
 nine, and have been produced by the action of heat upon 
 them. To this mass is given the name Chinoidin or Quinoidin. 
 
 It has properties similar to other Alkaloids from cinchona 
 bark and is considerably used as an anti-periodic, forming the 
 base of most of the " ague pills " that are made. Dose from 
 3 to 30 grains. 
 
 84. Cinchonidinae Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine — {Sulphate of Cinchonidial) 
 
 (C 20 H 24 N 2 O) 2 H 2 SO 4 . 3 H 2 O. 
 
 This salt remains dissolved in the mother liquors after the 
 crystallization of sulphate of quinine, and is obtained from them 
 by concentrating the liquors and crystallizing. As Sulphate 
 of Cinchonidine is less soluble than sulphate of cinchonine, its 
 crystals may be separated before the liquors are treated to 
 obtain cinchonine. The barks from India contain a greater 
 proportion of the Alkaloid Cinchonodine than those from South 
 America. It resembles sulphate of quinine more than any 
 other salt of cinchona, both in its appearance and action, and 
 is much used as a substitute for it, the dose being about a 
 third greater. It is tonic, febrifuge and anti-periodic. 
 
 Cinchonidine. --The Alkaloid from which the Sulphate of 
 Cinchonidine is derived is not used in medicine or pharmacy. 
 Its chemical composition is the same as cinchonine, but the 
 arrangement of its molecules admits of its combining with 
 one more molecule of water, when it forms salts with acids. 
 
J V2 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 85. Cinchonina. 
 Cinchonine — ( Cinchonia.) 
 
 C 30 H 24 N 2 O. 
 
 In the manufacture of sulphate of quinine, after it has crys- 
 tallized from its solution, sulphate of Cinchonine, which is 
 more soluble, remains dissolved in the mother waters. By 
 adding ammonia or solution of soda to the mother waters 
 Cinchonine is precipitated and may be collected on a filter, 
 washed with water, dried and dissolved in boiling alcohol, from 
 which it is crystallized on cooling. It is but little used in 
 medicine or pharmacy, on account of the greater value and 
 solubility of other salts of Cinchona. 
 
 86. Cinchoninae Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonine — {Sulphate of Cinchonia 1) 
 
 (C 20 H 24 N 2 O) 2 H 2 SO 4 2H 2 O. 
 
 This salt is readily made by dissolving Cinchonine in dilute 
 sulphuric acid and crystallizing. It is contained also in the 
 mother liquor after the crystallization of sulphate of quinine, 
 and may be obtained as Cinchonine and converted into the 
 sulphate as above. 
 
 Uses. — Sulphate of Cinchonine has properties similar to sul- 
 phate of quinine, but may be given in much larger doses. It 
 is more frequently used as a tonic than as an anti-periodic. 
 The usual dose is from 2 to 5 grains ; but from 20 to 40 grains 
 are often given as an anti-periodic. 
 
 87. Cocaina. 
 
 Cocaine ■ — ErytJiroxyline. 
 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 . 
 
 ■ This Alkaloid and its salts, which have created such a furore 
 in the medical world, are made from the leaves of erythroxy- 
 lon coca. It may be prepared from its hydrochlorate, which is 
 chiefly used, by precipitating an aqueous solution of hydro- 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 113 
 
 chlorate of cocaine with carbonate of sodium and washing 
 and drying the precipitate. 
 
 88. Cocainae Hydrochloras, Br. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 
 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 HC1. 
 
 Many processes for making Hydrochlorate of Cocaine have 
 been proposed since it has been introduced; but they are all 
 similar to the process employed for making other Alkaloids of 
 the same class. The following is selected as the best for the 
 general convenience of druggists : 
 
 Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, ... 2 pounds. 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 Carbonate of Sodium, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Animal Charcoal, I ounce. 
 
 Moisten the powder with a pint of alcohol, pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator, cover the drug with alcohol and let 
 stand in a warm place for two days ; then heat moderately and 
 begin to percolate, adding alcohol to the drug and continuing 
 the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted ; distil off 
 most of the alcohol, add the water and evaporate until all 
 traces of alcohol have disappeared ; add sufficient diluted 
 hydrochloric acid to slightly acidulate the liquid, filter; add 
 sufficient solution of carbonate of sodium to precipitate the 
 Alkaloid; dissolve the Alkaloid' from the solution by shaking 
 with ether; separate and evaporate the etherial solution; dis- 
 solve the residue in alcohol, mix with the purified animal char- 
 coal, filter; add diluted hydrochloric acid and water to the 
 filtrate ; distil off the alcohol ; evaporate and collect the crystals 
 of Hydrochlorate of Cocaine from the liquid and dry them on 
 bibulous paper. 
 
 Uses.- Hydrochlorate of Cocaine is used in solution as a 
 
 local anaesthetic in ophthalmic and other delicate surgical prac- 
 
 The solutions employed are generally from two to four 
 
114 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 per cent, of the salt in distilled water. They are applied by 
 brushing over the parts. It is also somewhat employed inter- 
 nally as an anodyne and intoxicant, in doses of ^ to I grain. 
 
 89. Codeina, U. S., Br. 
 
 Codeine — (Code ia. ) 
 C 18 H 31 N0 3 .H 2 0. 
 
 This Alkaloid, obtained from opium, stands next in import- 
 ance to morphine, and is now being extensively used by phy- 
 sicians. It is obtained from the ammoniacal liquor left after 
 the crystallization of morphine (see Morphine), by evaporating 
 and crystallizing. As thus obtained it contains impurities 
 which may be removed by dissolving in hot ether and allowing 
 to evaporate spontaneously and crystallize. 
 
 Codeine is one of the most soluble Alkaloids known and is 
 generally used in preference to any of its salts. It has lately 
 come into notice and favor, and in England, especially, is being 
 much used. 
 
 Codeinae Sulphas. — Sulphate of Codeine is made by dis- 
 solving Codeine in a very small quantity of dilute sulphuric 
 acid, evaporating and crystallizing. It possesses no advan- 
 tages over the Alkaloid except that it is more soluble, and is 
 seldom used. Its uses and dose are the same as Codeine. 
 
 Uses.- — Codeine is a sedative, but possesses only slight nar- 
 cotic properties. The dose is ^ to I grain. 
 
 90. Colchicina. 
 
 Colchicine. 
 
 C 17 H 33 N0 6 . 
 
 This Alkaloid is the active principle of Colchicum Antum- 
 nale, and is obtained from the seeds, flowers, or corm of the 
 plant, in the same manner as is employed for aconitine. Its 
 uses are the same as Colchicum, and the dose is from y^- to -^ 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 115 
 
 91. Conina. 
 
 Conine — (Coma.) 
 C 8 H 17 N. 
 
 The valuable medicinal principle of Conium is a volatile 
 liquid Alkaloid called Conine or Coniine. It is obtained by 
 exhausting Conium with boiling water in the water-bath per- 
 colator, and distilling the percolate until about one third 
 passes over. This portion contains the volatile Alkaloid, 
 which is separated from its solution by first filtering through 
 animal charcoal to remove traces of oil and resin, then shaking 
 the filtrate with ether, pouring off the etherial solution which 
 contains the Alkaloid, and allowing the ether to evaporate 
 spontaneously ; the liquid remaining after the evaporation of 
 ether is Conine. It contains no oxygen, is soluble in water, 
 alcohol or ether, and has a peculiar odor resembling the urine 
 of mice. 
 
 Conium also contains conhydrine C 8 H 17 NO, and Methylcon- 
 ine C 8 H 16 CH 3 N, which remain after the separation of Conine, 
 and have properties similar to it. 
 
 Conine unites with acids to form salts ; the hydrochlorate of 
 Conine is the salt usually prescribed. It is narcotic and seda- 
 
 grain. 
 
 92. Daturina. 
 
 Daturinc — {Daturia.) 
 
 This is obtained from the seeds or leaves of Datura Stram- 
 onium, but has proven to be a mixture of hyoscyamine and 
 atropine instead of a distinctive Alkaloid. 
 
 It is a narcotic poison, having the same properties and uses 
 as Stramonium. It is generally prescribed in the form of Sul- 
 phate of Daturine, the dose being r ^ to -^ grain. 
 
 93. Duboisina. 
 
 Duboisine- I Duboisia.) 
 
 This Alkaloid is obtained from the leaves of several species 
 oi Duboisia found in Australia. It is a very poisonous Alka- 
 
116 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 loid, similar in characteristics and action to atropine, for 
 which it is used as a substitute. It may be prepared in the 
 same manner as atropine (which see). 
 
 Sulphate of Duboisine is the soluble salt generally em- 
 ployed. It is given internally in doses of jfo to -gL- grain, 
 and its solution is employed as a mydriatic in the same manner 
 as sulphate of atropine. 
 
 94. Emetina. 
 
 Emetine — { Evict ia or Evict inia.) 
 C 28 H 40 N 2 O 5 . 
 The active principle of ipecac is the Alkaloid Emetine. It 
 also exists in some other plants. It is prepared from ipecac, 
 which yields about I per cent, of the Alkaloid, by exhausting 
 the drug with alcohol, by means of the water-bath percolator, 
 distilling the percolate to recover the greater part of the alco- 
 hol, adding water in which a small quantity of carbonate of 
 sodium is dissolved, which precipitates the Emetine together 
 with the insoluble resins, etc. The precipitate is then washed 
 with water acidulated with a little hydrochloric acid, which 
 dissolves the Emetine ; the solution is then filtered through 
 animal charcoal to remove all traces of resin, etc. ; solution of 
 soda is added to the filtrate, which precipitates the Emetine, 
 which is then collected, washed with chloroform, and the 
 solution evaporated without heat to obtain the pure Emetine. 
 
 Uses. — Emetine is emetic, expectorant, and diaphoretic. 
 The expectorant dose is from -^ to y 1 ^ grain. As an emetic it 
 may be given in from \ to 1 grain doses every twenty minutes 
 until emesis is produced. 
 
 95. Gelsemina. 
 
 G else mine — {Gclscviinia. ) 
 
 CnH 12 N0 3 . 
 
 This Alkaloid is the chief medicinal agent of Gelscmium Sem- 
 
 pc?'vire?is (yellow jasmine), and may be obtained by exhausting 
 
 the powdered root with alcohol, by means of a water-bath 
 
 percolator, distilling off most of the alcohol, adding acidulated 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 117 
 
 water to the residue which precipitates the resinous matter 
 and holds the Gelsemine in solution. The solution is then 
 filtered, solution of soda added to precipitate the Alkaloid; 
 the precipitate is then washed with successive portions of 
 ether ; and the etherial solution evaporated without heat to 
 obtain the Gelsemine. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Gelsemine is the salt generally prescribed. 
 It is prepared by dissolving the Alkaloid in water acidulated 
 with hydrochloric acid, concentrating by evaporation and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — Gelsemine is an anti-spasmodic, sedative, and some- 
 what anodyne, and must be given cautiously because of its 
 cumulative action. The dose is -^ to -^ grain. 
 
 96. Hydrastina. 
 
 Hydj'astine — [Hydrastia.) 
 C 22 H 33 NO G . 
 
 The white Alkaloid Hydrastine is recovered from the mother 
 liquor left after the crystallization of salts of berberine, when 
 prepared from hydrastis. 
 
 It is obtained by diluting the mother liquor with water, 
 evaporating the alcohol, filtering to remove resinous matter, 
 etc., adding ammonia to the filtrate, which precipitates the 
 Alkaloid; dissolving the precipitate in hot alcohol; filtering 
 again through animal charcoal to render colorless ; evaporating 
 the alcoholic solution and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — Hydrastine was formerly a waste product of the 
 manufacture of berberine and its salts (hydrastin), but by the 
 advertising of manufacturers, and being colorless, has come to 
 be used in solution for injections, washes, etc. It is also given 
 internally in doses of -j 1 c - to I grain as a tonic and alterative. 
 
 97. Hyoscyamina. 
 
 Hyoscyamun ( I ' I yoscyamia.) 
 C 17 H 23 N0 3 . 
 I his Alkaloid is obtained chiefly from hyoscyamus, but is 
 found also in belladonna and other species of solanacece. As 
 
118 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 the Sulphate of Hyoscyamine is official, the Alkaloid may be 
 prepared from it by precipitating a solution of the salt with 
 soda or potassa alkali, collecting the precipitate, washing with 
 cold water and drying on bibulous paper. For dose, etc., see 
 Hyoscyamiiuc Sulphas. 
 
 98. Hyoscyaminae Sulphas, U. S. 
 
 Sulphate of Hyoscyamine. 
 
 (C 17 H 23 N0 3 ) 2 .H 2 S0 4 . 
 
 Hyoscyamus seeds are macerated with gasoline to deprive 
 them of their fixed oil. They are then dried and exhausted 
 with alcohol, by water-bath percolation. The greater part of 
 the alcohol is distilled off and the remainder mixed with water 
 containing tannin in solution. The moist precipitate is then 
 mixed with recently slacked lime, and washed with successive 
 portions of alcohol to dissolve the Alkaloid. The alcoholic 
 washings are then acidulated with dilute sulphuric acid, and 
 agitated with ether to remove coloring matter and oil. The 
 solution is then filtered through animal charcoal, concentrated 
 by evaporation and crystals of Sulphate of Hyoscyamine are 
 produced. 
 
 Uses.- — This salt has the narcotic and sedative properties of 
 the plant, and is used for sleeplessness, mania, delirium, etc. 
 to X V grain. 
 
 99. Hyoscina. 
 
 Hyoscine — {Hyoscia.) 
 
 C 17 H 23 N0 3 . 
 
 This Alkaloid is also obtained from hyoscyamus and has the 
 same chemical composition as hyoscyamine. It is separated 
 from the mother liquor after the removal of the hyoscyamine, 
 and is similar to it in medicinal use. It has recently come 
 into favor as a hypnotic, anodyne, and sedative. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 119 
 
 ioo. Kairina. 
 
 Katrine. 
 
 C 10 H 13 NO.HCl.H 2 O. 
 
 This is not properly an Alkaloid as its termination would 
 indicate, but the hydrochlorate of an artificial Alkaloid pre- 
 pared from quinoline. It is advertised as a "new quinine," a 
 " substitute for quinine," etc., and is used for the same purposes 
 and in about the same doses as quinine. 
 
 ioi. Morphina. 
 
 Morphine — {Morphia.) 
 
 C 17 H 19 N0 3 .H 3 0. 
 
 Morphine and its salts are among the most important and 
 most frequently used remedies. Morphine has the distinction 
 of being the first Alkaloid discovered. It was isolated in 1817 
 by a German apothecary named Serturer, who named it Mor- 
 pJiium. The process for making it was formerly official, but is 
 not repeated in the present pharmacopoeia. We repeat the 
 process with some slight alterations. 
 
 Opium, sliced, 12 tr. ounces (13^-av.oz.) 
 
 Water of Ammonia, ... 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Animal Charcoal, in fine powder. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Distilled Water, each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pour upon the sliced opium 4 pints of boiling water and 
 work with a pestle in a mortar to a smooth paste. After 
 standing a few hours, strain through a coarse sieve, and work 
 what remains in the sieve again with boiling water until it all 
 passes through the meshes; transfer the whole to a water-bath 
 percolator, having first covered the diaphragm with burlap or 
 other coarse cloth, and heat for one hour; then begin to perco- 
 late, adding water and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until the drug is exhausted. Allow the liquid to settle, strain 
 through muslin, evaporate to 6 pints, and filter. To the 
 filtrate add 5 pints of alcohol and afterward 3 fl. ounces of 
 the water of ammonia, mixed with 8 fi. ounces of alcohol. 
 
120 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 After twenty-four hours pour in the remaining 3 fl. ounces of 
 water of ammonia mixed with 8 fl. ounces of alcohol, and set 
 the liquid aside to crystallize. The alcohol retains the coloring 
 matters, resins, caoutchouc, etc., in solution. The ammonia 
 combines with the natural acids containing morphine, and the 
 Alkaloid morphine is precipitated and may be collected and 
 purified by dissolving the precipitate in two pints of boiling 
 alcohol, filtering while hot through animal charcoal and 
 recrystallizing. 
 
 Morphine is quite insoluble, requiring 500 parts of boiling 
 water, 100 parts of cold alcohol or 36 parts of boiling alcohol 
 to dissolve it ; it is therefore but little used in medicine, its 
 soluble salts being employed instead. In pharmacy it is used 
 as the basis of the morphine salts, and for making oleate of 
 morphine. 
 
 Many salts of Morphine are known, but only the three 
 official salts, the acetate, hydrochlorate and sulphate are much 
 used. They are narcotic and sedative, the usual adult dose 
 being ]/% grain. 
 
 102. Morphinae Acetas, U. S. 
 
 Acetate of Morphine — {Acetate of Morphia.) 
 
 C 17 H 19 N0 3 .HC 2 H 3 2 .3H 2 0. 
 
 This is prepared according to the process formerly official, 
 as follows : 
 
 Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acetic Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the Morphine with the distilled water and carefully add 
 acetic acid drop by drop to the mixture, stirring constantly, 
 until the morphine is neutralized and dissolved. Evaporate 
 the solution by means of a water-bath to the consistence of 
 syrup, and set aside until it concretes. Lastly, dry the salt 
 with a very gentle heat and rub it to a powder. 
 
 The Br. P. directs the salt to be made by decomposing the 
 hydrochlorate with ammonia, dissolving the precipitate in 
 acetic acid, etc. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 121 
 
 103. Morphinas Hydrochloras, U. S. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Morphine — {Muriate of Morphia?) 
 
 C 17 H 19 N0 3 .HC1.3H 3 0. 
 
 The process formerly official in the U. S. P. is as follows: 
 
 Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the Morphine with the distilled water and carefully add 
 hydrochloric acid to the mixture, drop by drop, constantly 
 stirring it until the Morphine is neutralized and dissolved. 
 Evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, so that On 
 cooling it may crystallize. Lastly, drain the crystals and dry 
 them on bibulous paper. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this salt to be prepared from opium in a 
 similar manner, as is employed for making Morphine, subse- 
 quently adding the hydrochloric acid. This is the salt chiefly 
 used in Great Britain. 
 
 104. Morphinae Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine — {Sulphate of Morphia.) 
 
 (C 17 H 19 N0 3 ) 2 .H 2 S0 4 .5H 2 0. 
 
 The process formerly official in the U. S. P. is as follows: 
 
 Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the Morphine with the distilled water, then carefully 
 add diluted sulphuric acid, drop by drop, constantly stirring 
 until the Morphine is neutralized and dissolved. Evaporate 
 III- solution by means of a water-bath, so that on cooling it 
 may crystallize. Lastly, drain the crystals and dry them on 
 bibulous paper. 
 
 The Br. P. directs the Morphine to be diffused in about 
 twice its weight <>l boiling alcohol, and dilute sulphuric acid 
 added to dissolve it. etc. 
 
122 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOID' 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine is employed in the U. S. much more 
 than any other salt of Morphine, in fact, the other salts are 
 but little used. 
 
 Fatal mistakes sometimes occur by dispensing it for quinine, 
 as it so much resembles it in general appearance. It should 
 never be transferred to a shelf or dispensing bottle, but should 
 always be kept in an original ]/% ounce bottle, and distant from 
 the package containing quinine ; all danger will thus be 
 avoided. 
 
 Other Salts of Morphine. 
 
 Other salts of morphine are sometimes prescribed ; as the 
 meconate and bi-meconate of Morphine, which are combinations 
 of meconic acid with Morphine ; the bromide or hydrobromate 
 of Morphine, being Morphine combined with hydrobromic 
 acid ; the nitrate, hydriodatc, tartrate, valerianate, etc., combi- 
 nations of Morphine with these acids ; but there is little use for 
 any except the three official salts. 
 
 105. Meconidina. 
 
 Meconidinc. 
 
 This Alkaloid found in opium is readily obtained by precip- 
 itating a solution of meconic acid with an alkali, washing and 
 drying the precipitate. It is not used in medicine, but is of 
 interest as the base of the meconic principle in opium. 
 
 106. Narceina. 
 
 Narceine — (lVarceia.) 
 
 C 23 H 39 N0 9 . 
 
 Another Alkaloid of opium much resembling morphine, but 
 more soluble, is obtained from the mother liquor after the 
 crystallization of morphine. It is narcotic and may be given 
 in y^ to ]/ 2 grain doses. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 123 
 
 107. Pelletierina. 
 
 Pellet ierine — (Pum'cine.) 
 
 C 8 H 15 NO. 
 
 This Alkaloid from the root bark of Punica Granatum (pome- 
 granate) has recently come into use as a tcsniafuge. It is a 
 liquid obtained by mixing milk of lime with the bark, 
 exhausting with hot water, shaking the percolate with chloro- 
 form, and allowing to evaporate. Dose -^ to -^ grain. 
 
 Tannate of Pelletierine is the form in which it is usually 
 administered for removing tape worm, the dose being ^ to 2 
 grains. 
 
 108. Physostigmina. 
 
 Physostigm ine — Eserine. 
 
 C 15 H 21 N 3 2 . 
 
 The active principle of calabar bean (Physostigma) is obtained 
 by exhausting finely powdered calabar bean with alcohol by 
 means of the water-bath percolator, distilling off most of the 
 alcohol of the percolate, adding water to the residue and 
 shaking with ether, which dissolves the Alkaloid. The ether 
 is allowed to evaporate and the Alkaloid is obtained in 
 crystals. 
 
 Uses. — Physostigmine, which is more frequently called 
 Eserine, is a powerful sedative poison, the dose being ¥ J ¥ to 
 ,;'„ grain. 
 
 109. Physostigminae Salicylas, U. S. 
 
 Salicylate of Physostigmine or Eserine. 
 
 C 1B H 21 N 3 3 C 7 H fl 3 . 
 
 This official salt may be prepared by adding two parts of 
 Physostigmine to a .solution of one part of salicylic acid in 35 
 parts of boiling water, and allowing to crystallize on cooling. 
 
 Uses. -Tin's salt is used in solution to contract the pupil of 
 the eye, and internally as a sedative in doses of from T \^ to 2 ' - 
 errain. 
 
124 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 I io. Pilocarpina. 
 
 Pilocarpine — (Pilocarpina.) 
 
 This is the chief medicinal constituent of the leaves of Pilo- 
 carpus pcnnatifolins (jaborandi). It is obtained by exhausting 
 the drug with alcohol by the water-bath percolator, distilling 
 off most of the alcohol from the percolate, adding water and 
 soda or potassa alkali, collecting the precipitate, washing with 
 chloroform, and evaporating the solution. This produces 
 Pilocarpine, an uncrystallizable Alkaloid. 
 
 Uses. — Pilocarpine is a diaphoretic and sialogogue. Dose, 
 
 in. Pilocarpine Hydrochloras, U. S. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Pilocarpine. 
 
 CnH 16 N 3 3 .HCl. 
 
 This is prepared by adding the Alkaloid Pilocarpine to dilute 
 hydrochloric acid until it is neutralized or until no more will 
 dissolve. The solution is then concentrated by evaporation 
 and allowed to crystallize. Lastly, the crystals are drained and 
 dried on bibulous paper. 
 
 Uses. — The salt is used for the same purposes as the Alka- 
 loid, and its solution is often employed hypodermically. Dose, 
 yi to % grain. 
 
 112. Pyridina. 
 
 Pyridine. 
 
 C 5 H 5 N. 
 
 This liquid Alkaloid was formerly obtained from bone-oil 
 and more recently from coal-tar. It is the first member of the 
 Pyridine series, and consequently forms the basis of many very 
 important substances. It has been suggested that all the 
 Alkaloids are built up by derivation from Pyridine hydrides. 
 It has no medicinal use. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 125 
 
 113. Quinidina. 
 
 Quinidine — Quinidia. 
 
 ^20^24^ 2^2* 
 
 This Alkaloid may be obtained by decomposing its sulphate 
 (which is recovered from the mother liquors after the crystalli- 
 zation of sulphate of quinine) with water of ammonia or other 
 alkaline solution, washing the precipitate on a filter and drying. 
 The Alkaloid is seldom used except for making elixirs. 
 
 114. Quinidinse Sulphas, U. S. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinidine — {Sulphate of Quinidia) 
 (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ) 2 H 3 SO 4 .2H 3 O. 
 
 This salt is obtained from the mother liquors from which 
 sulphate of quinine has been removed by crystallization. It 
 differs from sulphate of quinine by being much more soluble, 
 containing a smaller percentage of H 3 0, and by being dextro- 
 gyre while quinine is lsevogyre. It is sometimes called dextro- 
 quinine. 
 
 Medicinally, it is equal to quinine as an anti-periodic and 
 anti-pyretic, but not as a tonic. The dose is from 1 to 20 
 grains. 
 
 115. Quinina. 
 
 Quinine — Quinia. 
 C 30 H 34 N 2 O 3 . 3 H 2 O. 
 
 The Alkaloid Quinine is but little used in medicine on 
 account of its insolubility as compared with its salts. In phar- 
 macy it is frequently directed for making preparations in 
 which the salts are objectionable, as some of the elixirs, syrups, 
 etc., and for making oleate of Quinine. 
 
 It may readily be prepared from the sulphate or other salts 
 of Quinine by adding to their acid solution water of ammonia 
 or other alkaline solution just sufficient to decompose the salt 
 and precipitate the Alkaloid. The precipitate is then washed 
 On a filter with Cold water and cart: full)' dried. 
 
126 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 Uses. — Quinine and its salts are tonic, anti-periodic, and 
 anti-pyretic. The dose of the Alkaloid and most of its salts 
 is from I to 20 grains according to circumstances. It is need- 
 less to remark that preparations of Quinine are the most valu- 
 able and the most generally used of any medicines. 
 
 116. Quininae Bi-Sulphas, U. S. 
 
 Bi-sulphate of Quinine. 
 C2 0^24N 2 OoH 2 SO 4 .7H 2 O. 
 
 This salt is prepared by adding to Sulphate of Quinine 
 mixed with eight times its weight of water, sufficient sulphuric 
 acid to dissolve it ; concentrating the solution by evaporation 
 and allowing to crystallize; then draining and drying the crys- 
 tals on bibulous paper. 
 
 It is much more soluble — requiring but ten parts of cold 
 water to effect its solution — and contains about one-eighth less 
 of the Alkaloid than the Sulphate of Quinine, but otherwise 
 it does not differ from it in general use, properties and dose. 
 
 117. Quininae Hydrobromas, U. S. 
 
 Hydrobromate or Bromide of Quinine. 
 C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 HBr.2H 2 O. 
 
 This may be most readily made by decomposing 40 parts of 
 Sulphate of Quinine dissolved in 10 times its weight of hot 
 alcohol, with 1 1 parts of bromide of potassium dissolved in 
 3 times its weight of water. The sulphuric acid combined 
 with the Quinine unites with the potassium, forming sulphate 
 of potassium, which crystallize and the bromide unites with the 
 Quinine in the remaining solution, which is concentrated until 
 crystals of Hydrobromate of Quinine are formed. The uses 
 and doses are similar to other quinine salts. 
 
 118. Quininae Hydrochloras, U. S., Br. 
 
 Hydrochlorate or Muriate of Quinine. 
 C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 HC1.2H 2 O. 
 This may be made in the same manner as Sulphate of Qui- 
 nine, using hydrochloric instead of sulphuric acid, or by 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 127 
 
 decomposing Sulphate of Quinine with chloride of barium in 
 the same manner as is directed for preparing Hydrobromate of 
 Quinine ; or by dissolving the Alkaloid Quinine with diluted 
 hydrochloric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
 The uses and doses are similar to the Sulphate of Quinine, 
 but it is very much more soluble, making it more desirable for 
 many purposes. It is the only Quinine salt except the Sul- 
 phate that is recognized by the British Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 119. Quininae Sulphas, U. S., Br. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine — {Sulphate of Quinia.) 
 
 This is the best known and most extensively used of any of 
 the salts of Quinine. It is popularly known and called for as 
 "Quinine," and may be generally dispensed when "Quinine" 
 is called for. It is less desirable in many respects than the 
 Hydrochlorate or Bi-sulphate of Quinine, but has the advan- 
 tage of being well known and therefore stands at the head of 
 the Quinine salts. 
 
 It is made from cinchona bark on a large scale by manufac- 
 turers of chemicals in this country and in Europe, and forms a 
 very important article of commerce. 
 
 Manufacturing chemists who prepare it have, each, their 
 special processes which produce it, varying slightly from each 
 other in general appearance ; but medicinally and chemically 
 they are the same. 
 
 A process for making it was formerly official in the U. S. P., 
 but was not repeated in the 6th revision. 
 
 It is given here for convenient reference : 
 
 Yellow Cinchona, in coarse powder, 48 troyounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 3^ troyounces. 
 
 Lime, in fine powder 5 troyounces. 
 
 Animal Charcoal, in fine powder. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Distilled Water, of each a sufficient quantity. 
 
128 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 " Boil the cinchona in 13 pints of water mixed with % of the 
 hydrochloric acid, and strain through muslin ; boil the residue 
 twice successively with the same quantity of water and acid 
 as before, and strain. Mix the decoctions, and, while the 
 liquid is hot, gradually add the lime, previously mixed with 
 two pints of water, stirring constantly until the Quinine 
 (Alkaloid) is completely precipitated. Wash the precipitate 
 with distilled water, and having pressed, dried and powdered 
 it, digest it in boiling alcohol. Pour off the liquid and repeat 
 the digestion several times until the alcohol is no longer ren- 
 dered bitter. Mix the liquids and distill off the alcohol until 
 a brown viscid mass remains. Upon this, transferred to a 
 suitable vessel, pour 4 pints of distilled water, and having 
 heated the mixture to the boiling point add as much sulphuric 
 acid as may be necessary to dissolve the Quinine. Then add 
 \y 2 troyounces of animal charcoal, boil the liquid for two 
 minutes, filter while hot and set it aside to crystallize. Should 
 the liquid before filtration be entirely neutral, acidulate it 
 very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on the contrary, 
 change the color of litmus paper to a bright red, add more 
 animal charcoal. Separate the crystals from the liquid, dis- 
 solve them in boiling distilled water, slightly acidulated with 
 sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter the solution 
 and set it aside to crystallize. Lastly, dry the crystals on 
 bibulous paper with a gentle heat and keep them in a well- 
 stopped bottle." 
 
 Our own process differs from this by exhausting the drug 
 with alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator without 
 using the hydrochloric acid, distilling most of the alcohol, 
 adding water and precipitating the Quinine with water of 
 ammonia or solution of soda, washing the precipitate with hot 
 alcohol, and proceeding as directed in the former official 
 formula. 
 
 Quinine Sulphate is soluble in 740 parts of cold or 30 parts 
 boiling water ; in 65 parts cold or three parts boiling alcohol ; 
 is precipitated by soluble alkalies,but redissolved by an excess 
 of alkali. 
 
 Uses. — Sulphate of Quinine is atonic antiperiodic and anti- 
 pyretic ; its uses are too well known to require further mention. 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 129 
 
 The dose is from I to 20 grains. It is given in powders, pills, 
 capsules, mixtures, elixirs, syrups, etc. 
 
 120. Quininae Valerianas, U. S. 
 
 Valerianate of Quinine. 
 C20^24N 3 O 3 C 5 H 10 O 2 .H 3 O. 
 This may be made by decomposing a solution of Sulphate of 
 Quinine with water of ammonia, washing the precipitate, dis- 
 solving it in valerianic acid dissolved in a large quantity of 
 water, and crystallizing. It is rarely used because the quantity 
 of valerianic acid which it contains is too small to be of much 
 medicinal value. 
 
 Other Salts of Quinine. 
 
 The foregoing are all the salts of Quinine official in the 
 U.S. P., but many other salts are made and sold by manufacturing 
 chemists ; they are, however, but little used, and the processes 
 for making them are not different from those already given in 
 the preceding pages ; being chiefly made by decomposing a 
 solution of the Sulphate, and recombine it with the acid desired. 
 
 " Hospital Quinine " is a mixture of the sulphates of cin- 
 chonidine, quinidine and Quinine, generally containing about 
 50 per cent, of Quinine in combination. 
 
 " Dextro-Quinine" and " Cincho-Quinine" are preparations 
 containing Quinidine mixed with cheaper salts of cinchona. 
 
 " Sweet Quinine," which had at one time a great run, 
 proved to be a mixture of the cheaper salts of cinchona with 
 powdered glycyrrhizin. 
 
 Several other preparations claiming to be substitutes for 
 Quinine arc made up of the cheaper salts of cinchona bark 
 combined with other substances ; but since low prices have 
 ruled for Sulphate of Quinine there is little demand for them. 
 
 121. Quinolina. 
 
 t 'It incline — Lcucolinc — Quinoline. 
 C 9 H 7 N. 
 A liquid Alkaloid obtained from coal tar, closely related in 
 chemical composition and action to the Cinchona Alkaloids. 
 
130 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 It is the first member of the Leucoline or Chinoline series, 
 which have been much experimented upon for the artificial 
 production of Quinine. 
 
 The Tartrate of Chinoline is sometimes used in medicine for 
 the same purpose as Quinine, and given in doses of from 4 to 
 16 grains. 
 
 122. Sanguinarina. 
 
 Sanguinarine, 
 C 19 H 17 N0 4 . 
 
 This Alkaloid may be made by exhausting Sanguinariawith 
 alcohol, by means of the water-bath percolator, distilling off 
 most of the alcohol, adding water and solution of soda to pre- 
 cipitate, washing the precipitate with hot alcohol, filtering 
 through animal charcoal, concentrating and crystallizing. It 
 is white, but yields very bright red salts with acids. 
 
 Nitrate of Sanguinarine and Sulphate of Sanguinarine have 
 been introduced by manufacturing chemists, and are quite 
 favorably received by practitioners. 
 
 Uses. — Sanguinarine and its salts are used in bronchitis, 
 pneumonia and laryngitis in doses of -^ to -^ grain. 
 
 123. Strychnina, U. S., Br. 
 
 Strychnine — (Strychnia.) 
 
 C 21 H 22 N 2 2 . 
 
 This poisonous Alkaloid may be prepared by the former 
 
 U. S. P. process, or by the 1885 Br. P. method. As the latter is 
 
 later authority, and fully as concise, we repeat it (slightly 
 
 altered) here : 
 
 Nux Vomica, in fine powder, .... 16 oz. av. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, 180 grains. 
 
 Solution (Water) of Ammonia, 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 
 
 Distilled Water, of each a sufficiency. 
 
 Macerate the powder for 12 hours with two pints of the 
 spirit and one of water, by gentle heat ; transfer to the water- 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 131 
 
 bath percolator, heat and percolate with two parts of spirit to 
 one part of water until the drug is exhausted. Distill off the 
 spirit, evaporate the residue to about 1 6 fl. ounces and filter when 
 cold ; then add the acetate of lead previously dissolved in dis- 
 tilled water, so long as it occasions any precipitate; filter; 
 wash the precipitate with 10 ounces of cold water, adding the 
 washings to the filtrate ; evaporate the clear liquid to eight 
 fl. ounces and when it has cooled add the ammonia in slight ex- 
 cess, stirring thoroughly. Let stand for 12 hours, collect the 
 precipitate on a filter, wash it once with a few ounces of cold 
 water, dry it by gentle heat, and boil it with successive por- 
 tions of rectified spirit till the washings are no longer percep- 
 tibly bitter. Distill off most of the spirit, evaporate the resi- 
 due to about y 2 ounce and set aside to cool. Cautiously pour 
 off the yellowish mother liquor (which contains the brucine) 
 from the white crust of Strychnine which adheres to the vessel. 
 Wash the crust on a filter paper with a mixture of two parts of 
 rectified spirit and one of water till the washings cease to 
 become red on the addition of nitric acid ; finally, dissolve it 
 by boiling with an ounce of rectified spirit and set aside to 
 crystallize. More crystals may be obtained by evaporating the 
 mother liquor. 
 
 Brucine — Co 3 H 20 N 2 O 2 — may be recovered from the yel- 
 lowish mother liquor which is poured off (see above) by 
 concentration and crystallization. 
 
 Uses. — Strychnine and its salts are among the most valuable 
 tonics we possess. It is given particularly in nervous exhaus- 
 tion, and as a general tonic combined with other remedies. 
 Dose, yfo to ,,'„ grain. 
 
 124. Strychninae Sulphas, U. S. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine — (Sulphate of Strychnia.) 
 
 This may be prepared by dissolving Strychnine in diluted 
 Sulphuric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
 The crystals are then drained and dried on bibulous paper. It 
 is the most used of any of the strychnine salts because of its 
 
132 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 
 
 stability and ready solubility. It is used in pills, mixtures, 
 elixirs, syrups, etc., alone and in combination with other medi- 
 cines. The dose is the same as the Alkaloid, from T -i T to -^ 
 grain. 
 
 Other Salts of Strychnine. 
 
 Many other salts of Strychnine are made by manufacturing 
 chemists ; but the foregoing are all that are official or that are 
 much used. If desired, others can be made in the same man- 
 ner as the Sulphate by using other dilute acids in place of 
 sulphuric. 
 
 125. Thallina. 
 
 Thalline. 
 
 A new Alkaloid derived from Peruvian bark, and recently 
 discovered by Prof. Straup, of Vienna. It possesses remark- 
 able antipyretic properties, and is very prompt and efficient in 
 its action. 
 
 The sulphate is the salt most frequently used ; the dose 
 being from 2 to 5 grains. The tannate and tartrate are also 
 prescribed. 
 
 Antipyrin and Antifebrin are proprietary antipyretics, lately 
 introduced, similar in action to thalline. 
 
 126. Trimethylamina. 
 
 Triniethylamine. 
 
 (CH 3 ) 3 N. 
 
 This Alkaloid is isomeric with Propylamine, and its solution 
 in water is furnished and used as propylamine. True propyl- 
 amine is not used in medicine. 
 
 Trimethylamine is made from herring-pickle by distillation 
 with lime, the distillate being neutralized with hydrochloric 
 acid and evaporated and the saline residue treated with abso- 
 lute alcohol which dissolves out the Alkaloid and leaves the 
 chloride of ammonium undissolved. The alcoholic solution is 
 then distilled, the residue dissolved in water and again care- 
 fully distilled with lime, the distillate being the liquid Alkaloid. 
 This Alkaloid is also obtained from the residues left in the 
 
ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 133 
 
 preparation of beet sugar; from ergot, cod-liver oil, guano and 
 other substances. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Trimethylamine, which is also sold under 
 the name of Chloride or Hydrochlorate of Propylamine, is 
 obtained by neutralizing Trimethylamine with hydrochloric 
 acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — The hydrochlorate is used in articular rheumatism 
 and gout. The dose is from 2 to 3 grains, generally given in 
 elixir or syrup. 
 
 127. Veratrina, U. S., Br. 
 
 Veratrine — ( Veratria^) 
 
 An Alkaloid or mixture of Alkaloids obtained from the 
 seeds of cevadilla {asagrcea officinalis) by exhausting them with 
 alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator, recovering most 
 of the alcohol by distillation, adding water, filtering to remove 
 resins, etc., adding solution of potassa or ammonia to the 
 filtered liquid, collecting the precipitate, dissolving it in alco- 
 hol, filtering through animal charcoal, concentrating and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — It is used externally in liniments, ointments, and 
 applications for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. It is very 
 poisonous. 
 
 Other Alkaloids. 
 
 The foregoing Alkaloids and their salts are the chief natural 
 Alkaloids now employed in medicine, but others are being 
 constantly brought to notice, and finding use and favor as 
 medicinal agents. Quite a number of artificial Alkaloids are 
 now being introduced, and finding new application in medicine 
 and the arts. The coal tar bases, aniline, pyridine, toluidine, 
 etc., and their derivatives arc extensively used in the arts, 
 besides forming the bases of many of the artificial Alkaloids, 
 which are now made. 
 
 The chemist in his laboratory is now able to prepare, by 
 synthesis, several of the Alkaloids, either identical with or 
 
134 ALLYL. 
 
 closely resembling the natural ones, and it is not improbable 
 that ere long most of the valuable Alkaloids that are now 
 obtained from rare or expensive drugs may be reproduced in 
 the chemist's workshop from worthless substances, that have 
 heretofore been waste products. It is not expedient to give 
 in detail the complex operations by which artificial Alkaloids 
 are produced, but it may be stated in general that they are 
 mostly made, either by converting one Alkaloid of a drug into 
 another by supplying or abstracting some portion of its ele- 
 ments, or by substituting atoms of one element for another in 
 the complex molecules of organic bases. Other Alkaloids 
 will be noticed under other headings. 
 
 ALLYL. 
 
 A cry I — Propylenyl. 
 
 The radical of the essential oils containing sulphur is called 
 Allyl. The plants or oils containing this radical combined with 
 sulphur have peculiar pungent, penetrating odors which cannot 
 be mistaken. Asafcetida, scurvy grass, cress, garlic, leek, 
 horseradish, radish, shepherd's purse, wallflower, mustard, 
 onion, nasturtium, and many other less familiar plants owe 
 their peculiar odors and pungency to combinations of the 
 Allyl radical with some form of sulphur. The Allyl and 
 glyceryl radicals are isomeric, being identical in composition, 
 but the former is univalent and the latter trivalent. 
 
 128. Allyl Hydrate. C 3 H 5 HO. — {Allyl Alcohol:)— By uniting with the 
 elements of water Allyl forms a hydrate or alcohol which boils at 96°C. It 
 has no use at present in pharmacy. 
 
 129. Allyl Sulphide. (C 3 H 5 ) g S.— {Artificial Oil of Garlic.)— This is 
 artificially produced by decomposing Allyl Iodide with an alcoholic solution 
 of sulphide of potassium. Its composition is the same as the natural 
 Volatile Oil of Garlic. 
 
 130. Allyl Sulphocyanate. C 3 H 5 CNS.— {Artificial Oil of Mustard) 
 — This is prepared by distilling Allyl Sulphate with potassium isothiocyanate, 
 or by gently heating a mixed alcoholic solution of sulphide of Allyl and 
 bichloride of mercury, with sulphocyanide of potassium. It is identical in> 
 
ALOE — ALOES. 135 
 
 composition with the natural volatile oil of mustard, which is chemically 
 Allyl isothiocyanate. 
 
 The volatile oil of mustard is used in some liniments and pain relievers. 
 Its vapor is very irritating, and care must be used in dispensing it. It should 
 be very much diluted when employed. 
 
 ALOE— ALOES. 
 
 As found in the market Aloes consists of the inspissated 
 juice of the leaves of several varieties of Aloe found in Africa. 
 
 The U. S. P. recognizes only the variety produced from 
 Aloe Socotrina; the Br. P. directs both Barbadoes and Socotrine 
 Aloes, while the G. P. names Cape Aloes, which includes a 
 variety of different species native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 The various species are all more or less used in pharmacy, 
 the Barbadoes and Socotrine being chiefly employed for man 
 and the Cape Aloes for horses and cattle. 
 
 The fleshy leaves of the Aloe are cut off near their base and 
 their juice allowed to drain into troughs or vessels. The col- 
 lected juice is then evaporated to the consistence of an extract 
 and run into boxes, kegs or gourds, in which shape it is 
 brought to the market. 
 
 Aloes is a well-known and much-used purgative, being 
 familiarly known to the household as " Picra." It is the 
 active ingredient in most patent and cathartic pills. In small 
 doses, i to 2 grains, it is a tonic, stomachic, and is the chief 
 ingredient of several " bitters " which have been extensively 
 sold. The laxative dose is 2 to 3 grains, and the dose as an 
 active purgative is 10 to 13 grains. 
 
 Various preparations of Aloes will be found under their 
 proper headings, as extracts, pills, powders, tinctures, wines, etc. 
 
 131. Aloe Purificata, U. S. 
 
 Purified Aloes. 
 
 Aloes, 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol 15 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Heat the Aloes by water-bath until it is completely melted, 
 then add the alcohol and having stirred the mixture thoroughly 
 
136 ALUMINIUM. 
 
 strain it through a fine sieve which has just been dipped into 
 boiling water. Evaporate the strained mixture by means of a 
 water-bath, constantly stirring until a thread of the mass 
 becomes brittle on cooling. 
 
 The object of purifying the Aloes is to remove foreign sub- 
 stances, such as sticks, stones, dirt, and other impurities which, 
 by the carelessness in making it, have been introduced. Its 
 properties and uses are the same as Aloes. It is only official 
 in the U. S. 
 
 132. Aloin, Br. 
 
 C 16 H 18 7- 
 
 " A crystalline substance extracted from Aloes by solvents 
 and purified by recrystallization. As obtained from the differ- 
 ent varieties of Aloes, the products differ slightly, but their 
 medicinal properties are similar." Br. 
 
 Aloin appears to be the active or cathartic principle of 
 Aloes. It is obtained by treating Aloes with acidulated boil- 
 ing water, which dissolves the Aloin and resinous matter. 
 After standing for some hours to cool the liquid is poured off 
 from the resin and evaporated to the consistence of syrup. 
 When cool, crystals of Aloin form, which may be purified by 
 repeated recrystallization from hot alcohol. 
 
 The laxative dose is from Trr to T grain, the cathartic dose 
 |- to 2 grains. It is considerably used, in combination with 
 other medicines, in "little liver pills." 
 
 ALUMINIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Al ; Atomic weight, 27.3 ; Sp. gr. 2.56. 
 
 Aluminium is a metal element which exists in nature in com- 
 bination with silicic acid in clays and rocks. In this form it is 
 very abundant, but because of the difficulty of separating it 
 from its combinations it is quite expensive. It was first 
 obtained from the chloride by Wohler in 1828, but was known 
 only as a laboratory product until 1858, when Deville improved 
 the methods of producing it so that it could be manufactured 
 for commercial purposes ; recent processes have, however, 
 
ALUMINIUM. 137 
 
 been introduced by which it can be furnished at a much lower 
 price, and it will be much more employed in the arts than 
 formerly. It is a very light, silver-white metal, strong, ductile, 
 malleable, and non-corrosive, admirably fitting it for many use- 
 ful and ornamental purposes. The only use to which the 
 metal is applied in the business of the pharmacist is for 
 making grain weights, but its salts unite with the salts of the 
 alkali metals, to form double salts called alums, which are con- 
 siderably used in medicine and pharmacy, and extensively 
 employed in dyeing and other arts. Besides the double salts, 
 it forms single salts with many of the acids, though they are 
 but little used, the hydrate and sulphate only being official. 
 
 From its wide distribution in nature, its importance and 
 usefulness in the arts, and the possibilities of its application, 
 it is now called the "Metal of the Future." 
 
 Aluminium Bronze is an alloy considerably used for making 
 ornaments, mounting instruments, etc. It is composed of 9 
 parts of copper and one of aluminium. 
 
 Kaolin or China Clay ( Al 3 3 .2Si0 3 +2H 3 ) is a hydrated 
 silicate of Aluminium oxide, found in nature, and used for mak- 
 ing china-ware, crockery, etc. It is sometimes used in pharmacy. 
 
 133. Alumen, U. S., Br. 
 
 Alum. 
 
 K 3 A1 3 (S0 4 ) 4 ,2 4 H 3 0. 
 
 This is the official potassa-alum (Aluminii et Potassii Sul- 
 phas). The alum of commerce is ammonia-alum (NH 4 ) 3 A1 3 
 (S0 4 ) 4 . It is to be regretted that the official salt is not the 
 same as the commercial, for, on account of their difference, the 
 official salt is seldom used, the commercial alum being sup- 
 plied whenever it is directed. 
 
 The potassa-alum is prepared by treating alum-clay with 
 sulphuric acid to form Aluminium Sulphate, then adding 
 potassium sulphate, which unites to form the double salt. 
 Ammonia-alum is made in a similar way, ammonium sulphate- 
 being used instead of potassium sulphate. 
 
 Alum is a powerful astringent, and is used externally as a 
 
138 ALUMINIUM. 
 
 wash, styptic, etc. It is also given internally as an astringent 
 and in croup as an emetic, and is much used as an astringent 
 injection and gargle. 
 
 Potassa-alum is soluble in about 10 parts of cold water, 
 while ammonia-alum requires about 16 parts. 
 
 Alum Curd.— Alum in the form of curd, made by rubbing 
 white of egg with a lump of alum until it is coagulated, or by 
 mixing half a teaspoonful of powdered alum with the white 
 of one egg, is considerably used as a " poultice " for inflamma- 
 tion, especially of the eye. 
 
 Alum Whey is a domestic remedy, made by boiling a large 
 teaspoonful (60 grains) of powdered alum with a glassful (about 
 10 fl. ounces) of milk, and straining when cool. The liquid is 
 taken in doses of a wineglassful for looseness of the bowels, etc. 
 
 134. Alumen Exsiccatum, U. S., Br. 
 
 Dried or "Burnt" Alum. 
 K 3 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 . 
 
 This is officially made by exposing alum for several days to 
 a temperature of about 8o° C. (176 F.) until it has thoroughly 
 effloresced, and then placing it in a porcelain capsule and grad- 
 ually heating it to a temperature of 200° C. (392 F.) and 
 continuing the heat until the mass becomes white and porous. 
 As found in commerce it is usually made from commercial 
 ammonia-alum, by melting it in an iron kettle and continuing 
 the heat until the water of crystallization has entirely evap- 
 orated. In a domestic way it is made by putting a lump of 
 alum on a hot stove and letting it remain until it is dry. 
 
 With this, as with the official alum, potassa-alum is seldom 
 employed to make it, ammonia-alum being used instead. 
 
 As this is simply alum deprived of its water of crystalliza- 
 tion it has the same general properties as alum, but is much 
 more powerful. It is chiefly used as an escharotic for remov- 
 ing " proud flesh " or other morbid growths. It is also used for 
 hemorrhages, particularly of the nose, and of the gums after 
 drawing teeth. It is generally used in the form of dry 
 powder. 
 
ALUMINIUM. 139 
 
 135. Aluminii Hydras, U. S. 
 
 Hydrate of Aluminium — (Hydrated Alumina?) 
 Al,(HO),. 
 
 This is a white light powder, somewhat resembling magnesia, 
 made by precipitating a saturated solution of alum with a solu- 
 tion of carbonate of sodium ; the proportions are as follows : 
 
 Alum, 11 parts or ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 10 parts or ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve each salt separately in 150 parts (or about 10 pints) 
 of distilled water, filter the solutions and heat them to boiling, 
 then having poured the hot solution of carbonate of sodium 
 into a capacious vessel, gradually pour in the hot solution of 
 alum, with constant stirring, and add about 100 parts or 6 pints 
 of boiling distilled water. Let the precipitate subside, pour 
 off the water and wash it well with fresh water as directed for 
 washing precipitates (page 44), then dry at a temperature not 
 exceeding 40 'C. (104 F.) and reduce to a uniform powder, 
 which is the hydrate. 
 
 The Hydrate of Aluminium is an absorbent and antacid, 
 and is given in doses of from 2 to 5 grains in irritation of the 
 stomach, etc. Externally it is used for covering inflamed sur- 
 faces to prevent chafing, etc. It is also used as an ingredient 
 in face-powders and liquid cosmetics. 
 
 Alumina. — Oxide of Aluminium (A1 2 3 .) — This is the most 
 abundant of the earths, the chief constituent of clay. It 
 may be prepared by heating the hydrate to a white heat in a 
 covered crucible. The Hydrate and Oxide of Aluminium 
 readily dissolve in acids forming soluble salts. 
 
 136. Aluminii Sulphas, U. S. 
 
 Sulphate of Aluminium. 
 
 .\1.,(S() 4 ),.i8H 2 0. 
 
 This may be made by dissolving Hydrate of Aluminium to 
 saturation in diluted sulphuric acid by the aid of heat, evap- 
 
140 ALUMINIUM. 
 
 orating the solution and crystallizing or granulating by stirring 
 until dry. It is but little used internally, but in the form of a 
 weak solution (i ounce to I quart) is used as an astringent 
 injection and cleansing wash for ulcers, etc. A saturated solu- 
 tion is a powerful escharotic and astringent, and may be used 
 for the same purposes as " burnt " alum when it cannot well 
 be applied. 
 
 Other Salts of Aluminium. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official Salts of Aluminium, it com- 
 bines with other acids and elements forming salts sometimes 
 used in pharmacy, medicine and the arts. 
 
 137. Aluminium Acetate — A1 3 6C 3 H 3 3 . — Made by dissolving Alu- 
 minium Hydrate in acetic acid to saturation, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 It is chiefly used for dyeing and calico printing as a mordant, but is some- 
 times used in medicine for diarrhoea and as a preservative for animal tissues 
 in the form of injection. 
 
 138. Aluminium Chloride — A1 3 C1 6 . — By dissolving Aluminium Hydrate 
 in hydrochloric acid to saturation, evaporating carefully and crystallizing ; 
 also by sublimation. 
 
 Chloralum. — An impure solution of Aluminium Chloride called Chloralum, 
 is made by dissolving one part of aluminium hydrate in five parts of com- 
 mercial hydrochloric acid. It is used for disinfecting. 
 
 139. Aluminium Bromide — Al 3 Br 6 . — By passing vapor of bromine over a 
 heated mixture of alumina and carbon. Sometimes used as an antiseptic. 
 
 140. Aluminium Iodide — A1 3 I 6 . — By heating Aluminium and iodine 
 together in closed tubes. 
 
 141. Aluminium Nitrate — Al 3 (N0 3 ) G .i8H,0. — By dissolving Alu- 
 minium Hydrate in nitric acid to saturation, filtering, concentrating and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 142. Aluminium Phosphate — A1 3 (P0 4 ) 3 . — By mixing a neutral solution 
 of Alumina with a solution of sodium phosphate and collecting the pre- 
 cipitate. 
 
 143. Aluminium Tannate. — By triturating 1 part of Hydrate of Alu- 
 minium and 2 parts of tannic acid with sufficient water to make a mixture 
 the consistence of syrup, and then evaporating to dryness by a heat not over 
 120 F. It is used in dysentery, hemorrhage, etc., in doses of 3 to 12 grains. 
 
 Other Salts of Aluminium may be prepared with other acids 
 and elements, but the foregoing are all that are generally 
 known. 
 
AMMONIUM. 141 
 
 AMMONIUM. 
 
 Symbol, NH 4 ; Atomic weight, iS. 
 
 A hypothetical metal, the analogue of potassium and 
 sodium. Although it is not classed with the elements, it has 
 the same characteristics as the alkali metals. The metal 
 Ammonium has not yet been authoritatively isolated, but it is 
 reported that Weyl succeeded in obtaining it as a dark-blue 
 liquid, having a metallic lustre. Its composition is therefore 
 only known by its characteristics in its compounds, which 
 correspond with the chemical formula (NH 4 ) assigned to it. 
 It is an univalent radical like potassium or sodium and its 
 compounds or salts closely resemble them. 
 
 The Salts of Ammonium are mostly colorless and very 
 soluble in water, they are volatilized at high temperatures, and 
 when heated with the hydrates of potassium, sodium, or cal- 
 cium are decomposed with evolution of ammonia gas. 
 
 The derivatives and Salts of Ammonium are extensively 
 used in pharmacy, medicine, and the arts, the commercial 
 basis of them being chiefly the waste " ammoniacal liquor" of 
 gas works, which is neutralized either with sulphuric acid, 
 forming sulphate of ammonium, or with hydrochloric acid, 
 forming crude chloride of ammonium (sal-ammoniac), which 
 may be converted into any of the ammonium compounds. 
 
 Ammonium Amalgam. — The nearest approach to the 
 metal Ammonium is Ammonium Amalgam, which is made by 
 dissolving potassium in mercury and adding a strong solution 
 of ammonium chloride to it. It is a spongy metallic substance, 
 which as soon as formed begins to decompose into ammonia, 
 mercury and hydrogen. 
 
 144. Ammonia. 
 
 Ammonia Gas — Hydrate of Ammonium. 
 
 NH 3 . 
 
 Gascons Ammonia was first made known by Priestley in 
 1785. It is known by its peculiar odor and by its property of 
 
142 AMMONIUM. 
 
 restoring the color of blue litmus which has been reddened by 
 acids, or by forming a white cloud with the vapor of hydro- 
 chloric acid. In pharmacy its solution in water (which is 
 known in the United States as water of ammonia and in Great 
 Britain, France and Germany as solution of ammonia) is the 
 only form in which it is available ; but in the arts, gaseous 
 ammonia is considerably employed. It is produced in nature 
 by the decomposition of animal and some vegetable substances 
 and is mainly supplied to commerce from the waste products 
 of gas manufacture. It is retained for use in the form of 
 some of its stable salts with acids. 
 
 It is strongly alkaline, and is sometimes called animal alkali, 
 volatile alkali, etc. 
 
 It unites with nearly all acids to form stable salts, and dis- 
 solves freely in water — I volume of water dissolving nearly 
 700 volumes of the gas — but it escapes freely from its aqueous 
 solution when exposed ; hence the penetrating odor of water 
 of ammonia. In the form of gas it is used by inhalation from 
 its solution as a quick stimulant and restorative for syncope, 
 collapse, etc., and as a domestic remedy for headache and 
 many other ailments. 
 
 Amidogen — NH 2 .— This is a hypothetical body composed 
 of one atom of nitrogen and two of hydrogen. As its name 
 indicates, it is the generator of amides, which it forms by com- 
 bining with other bodies. 
 
 Amides are compounds derived from Ammonia by replacing 
 one or more of its atoms of hydrogen by an acid radical. All 
 the known Amides are white crystalline solids, many of them 
 having both acid and basic properties. They include most of 
 the non-volatile alkaloids (see page 98) and the Ammonia 
 derivatives of the haloid and ethereal salts, etc. They are 
 known as monamides, diamides and triamides according to 
 their formation and combination. 
 
 Amines are compounds derived from Ammonia by replacing 
 one or more of its atoms of hydrogen with a basic radical. 
 They consist of the volatile alkaloids (see page 98), the arti- 
 ficial alkaloids, the ammonia derivatives of the alcohol radi- 
 cals and other hydrocarbons, etc. They are known as 
 
AMMONIUM. 143 
 
 monamines, diamines, or triamines according as the hydrogen 
 is displaced from a single, double, or triple molecule of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Alkamides are Ammonia compounds intermediate between 
 amines and amides, containing both acid and basic radicals. 
 
 145. Aqua Ammoniae. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, U. S. — Solution of Ammonia, Br. 
 
 Although this preparation is properly included under the 
 heading AQU.E or LIQUORES, it is also given here because it is 
 the basis of many of the Salts of Ammonium. The process 
 of the 1870 U. S. P. was to mix muriate of ammonia 
 (ammonium chloride) in small pieces with milk of lime in a 
 retort connected with a cooled receiver by means of a glass 
 tube extending beneath the surface of distilled water con- 
 tained in the receiver. Heat being then applied the lime is 
 converted into chloride of lime, liberating the ammonia gas 
 which is distilled and dissolved in the water contained in the 
 receiver. 
 
 The official strength of the U. S., Br. and German, water, 
 liquor or solution of ammonia is 10 per cent, by weight of the 
 gas. Its sp. gr. is 0.960. In German pharmacy it is often pre- 
 scribed by its Latin name, "Liquor Ammo nit Caustici." 
 
 It is supplied by manufacturers in carboys, and marked by 
 some 16 and by others F.F.F. or 3 F. Other manufacturers 
 mark the 20 ammonia F.F.F. or 3 F., so it will be seen that 
 considerable confusion exists in regard to the F.'s, and they 
 should never be taken as the standard of strength of the 
 solution, the degree marks, only, being reliable. 
 
 In pharmacy both the 10 percent, and the stronger solutions 
 arc used in making the official preparations, and in general use 
 other strengths arc employed ; for druggists buy of manufac- 
 turing chemists water of ammonia varying all the way from 6 
 to 28 per cent, or more of the gas — the most frequently sold 
 being the " FFF " or 20 Baum6, sp. gr. 0.933, containing 17^ 
 per cent, of gas. To reduce the 20 or "FFF" ammonia to 
 
144 AMMONIUM. 
 
 the official io per cent, water of ammonia mix 16 ounces av. 
 with 12 ounces av. of distilled water. 
 
 To reduce the 28 per cent, or stronger water of ammonia to 
 the 10 per cent, strength, mix 16 ounces av. with 28|- ounces 
 av. of distilled water. 
 
 Uses. — In medicine water of ammonia is used externally as 
 an application in the form of liniments, mixtures, etc., as a 
 stimulant and counter-irritant for rheumatism, neuralgia, lame- 
 ness, etc. Internally it is given very largely diluted as an 
 antacid and stimulant, in doses of from 5 to 30 drops. 
 
 In the industrial arts and manufacturing of chemicals 
 ammonia is extensively used either in the form of gas, solution, 
 or salts. 
 
 146. Aqua Ammoniae Fortior. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, U. S. — Strong Solution of 
 Ammonia, Br. 
 
 The U. S. official Stronger Water of Ammonia contains 28 
 per cent, of ammonia gas by weight, sp. gr. 0.900, and is 
 marked 26 . The Br. Strong Solution of Ammonia contains 
 32.5 per cent, of the gas by weight, sp. gr. 0.891. There is no 
 corresponding official German solution. 
 
 It is prepared in the same manner as the 10 per cent, solu- 
 tion, except that a greater percentage of gas is dissolved in the 
 water. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia is frequently employed as a 
 vesicant and caustic, but is seldom given internally. 
 
 Ammonium Salts. 
 
 Ammonium forms salts with nearly all the mineral and 
 vegetable acids. They are generally colorless and very soluble 
 in water. A few only are official in the U. S., less in the Br., 
 and still less in the G. P. Of those unofficial in the U. S. P. 
 but few are used in medicine or pharmacy. The following are 
 the official salts : 
 
AMMONIUM. 145 
 
 147. Ammonii Benzoas. 
 
 Benzoate of Ammonium. 
 
 NH 4 C 7 H s 2 . 
 
 Benzoic Acid, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, about, . . . . 1)4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the water of ammonia with the distilled water and dis- 
 solve the benzoic acid in the mixture. Evaporate the solution 
 by gentle heat, adding from time to time a little water of 
 ammonia to maintain a slight excess of alkali. 
 
 Then set aside to crystallize and dry the crystals without 
 heat. 
 
 Uses. — The Benzoate of Ammonium is somewhat used as a 
 stimulant diuretic in kidney diseases. Dose 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 148. Ammonii Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonium. 
 
 NH 4 Br. 
 
 This salt may be made by neutralizing hydrobromic acid 
 with ammonia, evaporating the solution and crystallizing; by 
 decomposing bromide of potassium with ammonium sulphate 
 in the presence of alcohol, and by many other processes. 
 
 Uses. — Bromide of Ammonium is used as a hypnotic and 
 sedative, and is by many preferred to potassium bromide. 
 Dose from 10 to 60 grains or more. 
 
 \ 
 
 149. Ammonii Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonium — Sal Volatile — Hartshorn — Sesaui- 
 Carbonate of Ammonium. 
 
 MI.,HC0 3 .NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 . 
 
 As prepared for commerce the Carbonate of Ammonium is 
 a mixed salt, consisting of one molecule of acid ammonium 
 carbonate and one of ammonium carbamate. It is generally 
 
I4(> AMMONIUM. 
 
 prepared by subliming chloride or sulphate of ammonium with 
 chalk or calcium carbonate and resubliming the product. It is 
 a volatile and pungent ammonia salt — the only one having 
 the odor of ammonia gas. Exposed to the air it soon loses 
 the odor of ammonia and becomes inert, hence it must be 
 carefully preserved in air-tight packages. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy it is used in making aromatic spirit of 
 ammonia, solution of acetate of ammonium and several other 
 preparations and in the preparation of smelling salts. In 
 medicine it is given as a stimulant in doses of 3 to 5 grains, 
 generally in some mucilaginous syrup. It is frequently given 
 combined with expectorants in cough syrup. It is also 
 employed in cleaning compounds and for culinary purposes. 
 
 150. Ammonii Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium — Muriate of Ammonia — Sal 
 Ammoniac. 
 
 This salt is generally prepared, commercially, from the 
 ammoniacal liquid obtained from gas works, and known as " gas 
 liquor" by neutralizing with hydrochloric acid and subliming 
 the salt thus obtained. It is inconvenient for pharmaceutical 
 use as it comes into market, but may be granulated and puri- 
 fied as follows : 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium, in small pieces, 20 tr.ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 5 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the water by the aid of heat in a porcelain 
 vessel, add the water of ammonia, and continue the heat for a 
 short time, filter the solution while hot and evaporate to dry- 
 ness with constant stirring at a moderate heat until it granu- 
 lates. 
 
 Uses. — The Chloride of Ammonium is used as a stimulant, 
 especially in cough mixtures, and externally in ''solution," for 
 lameness, etc. The dose internally is from 2 to 10 grains. 
 
AMMONIUM. 147 
 
 151. Ammonii Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium. 
 
 This is made by decomposing a concentrated solution of 
 iodide of potassium with sulphate of ammonium. Sulphate 
 of potassium remains undissolved and Iodide of Ammonium 
 is obtained from the filtered liquid by evaporation and crys- 
 tallization. 
 
 Uses. — The Iodide of Ammonium is similar to iodide of 
 potassium and is used for the same purposes. It is alterative 
 and resolvent. Dose 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 152. Ammonii Nitras. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonium. 
 
 NH 4 2 . 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonium may be made by adding carbonate 
 of ammonium to nitric acid as long as effervescence occurs, 
 then filtering the solution, concentrating and crystallizing or 
 evaporating until all the water is driven off, when it may then 
 be "granulated " by stirring until cool, or " fused " by allowing 
 to cool without stirring. 
 
 Uses. — This is sometimes used as a diuretic, but is chiefly 
 employed for the preparation of nitrous oxide or " laughing 
 gas," which is made from it simply by heating the Nitrate of 
 Ammonium and purifying the gas by running through a wash- 
 bottle. 
 
 153. Ammonii Phosphas. 
 
 Phosphate of Ammonium. 
 
 (NH 4 ) a HP0 4 . 
 
 Tin's may be made: by adding stronger water of ammonia to 
 phosphoric acid (50 percent., [880,) until slightly in excess, 
 then concentrating the liquid by evaporation and crystallizing. 
 
148 AMMONIUM. 
 
 A little water of ammonia should be added while evaporating 
 to keep the solution slightly alkaline. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as a remedy for rheumatism and gout 
 in doses of 1 5 to 30 grains. 
 
 154. Ammonii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Ammonium. 
 
 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . 
 
 The common source of this salt is gas liquor or fetid bone- 
 spirit, which is saturated with sulphuric acid and the salt 
 obtained repeatedly crystallized to obtain pure. It is also 
 made by adding gas liquor to powdered sulphate of calcium, 
 which is decomposed, leaving calcium carbonate precipitated, 
 while the Sulphate of Ammonium remains in solution. The 
 solution is then evaporated and crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — The Sulphate of Ammonium is used as the basis of 
 most of the ammonium salts and as a source of ammonia gas 
 in making water of ammonia, because of its cheapness. It is 
 not employed in medicine. 
 
 155. Ammonii Valerianas. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium. 
 
 NH 4 C 5 H 9 2 . 
 
 This salt is prepared by passing dried gaseous ammonia into 
 monohydrated valerianic acid. A process for making it was 
 official in the U. S. P. 1870; but it is generally supplied by 
 manufacturing chemists who have facilities for preparing it. 
 It is chiefly used in pharmacy for making Elixir of Valerianate 
 of Ammonium. 
 
 Uses. — In medicine Valerianate of Ammonium is employed, 
 usually in the form of elixir or solution, in hysteria, delirium, 
 neuralgia, and nervous diseases. It is a nervine. The usual 
 dose is from 2 to 20 grains. 
 
AMMONIUM. 149 
 
 Other Salts of Ammonium. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official Salts of Ammonium, the follow- 
 ing are sometimes used : 
 
 156. Ammonium Arseniate — (NH 4 ) 2 ,H,As0 4 . — Made by saturating a 
 concentrated solution of arsenious acid with water of ammonia and allowing 
 to evaporate spontaneously. A soluble salt of arsenic frequently employed 
 in medicine. 
 
 157. A mm °nium Bicarbonate — NH 4 HC0 3 . — Add one part of powdered 
 carbonate of ammonium to two parts of water, agitate and decant the liquid, 
 the residue remaining is the Bicarbonate of Ammonium. 
 
 158. Ammonium Bichromate — (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 7 . — Made by adding chromic 
 acid to stronger water of ammonia to saturation, concentrating and crystal- 
 lizing. 
 
 159. Ammonium Borate — 2(NH 4 HB 2 4 ),3H 2 0. — Dissolve one part of 
 boric acid in three parts of warm water of ammonia, 10 per cent., allow to 
 cool slowly and crystallize. Used for the same purposes as borate of sodium 
 or common borax. 
 
 160. Ammonium Carbazotate or Picrate. — Add carbazotic (picric) acid 
 to stronger water of ammonia to neutralize, allow to evaporate spontaneously 
 and crystallize. 
 
 161. Ammonium Citrate — (NH 4 ) 3 C 6 H 5 7 + 3H 2 0. — Add citric acid to 
 water of ammonia to neutralize, concentrate and crystallize. This assists 
 in dissolving salts of quinine and other salts of alkaloids. 
 
 162. Ammonium Fluoride — NH 4 F. — Made by saturating hydrofluoric 
 acid with water of ammonia. 
 
 163. Ammonium Formate — NH 4 CH0 2 . — Neutralize formic acid with 
 water of ammonia, concentrate and crystallize. 
 
 164. Ammonium Gallate. — Add gallic acid to stronger water of ammonia 
 to saturation, concentrate and crystallize. 
 
 165. Ammonium Hydrosulphide or Sulphide — NH 4 HS. — By passing 
 sulphuretted hydrogen gas through water of ammonia a solution may be 
 obtained, or by mixing gaseous ammonia with sulphuretted hydrogen gas at 
 low temperature crystals are formed. 
 
 166. Ammonium Hypophosphite.- I \y neutralizing water of ammonia with 
 nypophosphorous acid, concentrating and crystallizing. This is used in com- 
 bination with other hypophosphites in syrups and solutions. 
 
 167. Ammonium Molybdate. Made by neutralizing molybdic acid with 
 ammonia. Pho&komofybdate of Ammonium is a compound with phos- 
 phoric a. nl. These salts are used as tests for organic bases, which they pre- 
 cipitate. 
 
150 AMMONIUM. AM VI. 
 
 168. Ammonium Nitrite — NH 4 NO„. — To a solution of nitrate of silver 
 add a solution of chloride of ammonium and evaporate the clear solution 
 poured from the precipitate over sulphuric acid to dryness. This is used as a 
 diuretic. 
 
 169. Ammonium Oxalate — iNH 4 ) 2 C 2 4 . — To a hot solution of oxalic 
 acid add carbonate of ammonium until neutralized, concentrate the solution 
 and crystallize. It is used in chemistry as a test for calcium, with which it 
 produces a white precipitate soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 170. Ammonium Phenylate or Phenylamine is produced in small quan- 
 tities when carbolic acid is heated in sealed tubes with ammonia. It is 
 known in the market as aniline, or "aniline oil," the base of the aniline dyes. 
 See Aniline. 
 
 171. Ammonium Salicylate — NH 4 C-H 5 3 . — Add salicylic acid to water 
 of ammonia until neutralized, then evaporate and crystallize. Used in 
 rheumatism aud neuralgia the same as salicylate of sodium. 
 
 172. Ammonium Succinate. — Dissolve 1 part of succinic acid in 4 parts 
 of water, neutralize with carbonate of ammonium, in slight excess, evaporate 
 and crystallize. 
 
 173. Ammonium Sulphite — NH 4 HS0 3 . — This is made by passing sul- 
 phurous acid gas into an alcoholic solution of ammonia and collecting the 
 precipitate. 
 
 174. Ammonium Sulphocyanate — NH 4 CNS. — Neutralize hydrosulpho- 
 cyanic acid with ammonia, or dissolve bisulphide of carbon in alcohol and 
 heat in the presence of water of ammonia, then concentrate by evaporation 
 and crystallize. 
 
 175. Ammonium Vanadate. — Neutralize vanadic acid with ammonia, 
 concentrate and crystallize. 
 
 Many other Ammonium Salts are formed with various 
 acids and acid compounds, but those mentioned are all that 
 are generally used in pharmacy. 
 
 AMYL. 
 C.H lr 
 
 The radical of the Amyl series of compounds of which 
 " fousel oil " is the hydrate, is known as Amyl. Its compounds 
 form an interesting series of products, somewhat used in 
 medicine and considerably employed in making artificial fruit 
 flavors. The compounds of Amyl are nearly all prepared 
 from its hydrate — Amylic Alcohol (C 5 H u HO), or, as it is 
 commercially known, Fousel or Fusel Oil. This is combined 
 
AMYL. 
 
 151 
 
 with various acids and forms oxides or ethers, which are 
 separated by distillation in the same manner as ethyl ethers. 
 (See page 78.) Its compounds, however, are not known com- 
 mercially as ethers, but by the acids with which they are 
 combined, as Acetate of Amyl, etc. Nitrite of Amyl is the 
 only U. S. official compound, but the Br. P. includes Amylic 
 Alcohol also. (See page 95.) 
 
 The following are the preparations of Amyl generally known 
 and employed in pharmacy and the manufacture of fruit 
 flavors. 
 
 Amyl Acetate CgHnCoHgO., I Acetate of Amyl. 
 
 Amyl Butyrate C 5 H 11 C 4 H 7 O g ' Butyrate of Amyl. 
 
 Amyl Chloride C 5 H n HCl Chloride of Amyl. 
 
 Amyl Formate C 5 H 11 CHO s Formate of Amvl. 
 
 Amyl Hydrated Oxide* CgH^HO Fusel Oil, Amyloxide. 
 
 Amyl Iodide j CgH^I Iodide of Amyl, Iodamyl. 
 
 Amyl Nitrate CgH-^NOg Nitrate of Amyl. 
 
 Amyl Nitrite ; CgH^NOg Nitrite of Amyl. 
 
 Amyl Valerianate j C 5 H 11 C 5 H 9 2 [ Valerianate of Amyl. 
 
 Of the foregoing, the Acetate of Amyl, by the resemblance 
 of its odor to the jargonelle pear, is often called Pear Oil, and 
 the valerianate, by its resemblance to the odor of apples, is 
 called Apple Oil. The others are variously combined to make 
 fruit flavors. 
 
 Amylene — C 5 H 10 . — This is an etherial liquid made from 
 Amylic Alcohol by abstracting from it the elements of water. 
 It was formerly used as a substitute for ether, but is now no 
 longer employed in medicine. 
 
 176. 
 
 This 
 Alcohol 
 acid, an 
 
 iv. h ! j. ,1 
 
 until th 
 
 Amyl Nitris, U. S., Br. 
 
 Nitrite of Amyl. 
 C 5 H u N0 2 . 
 
 is a volatile liquid made by adding to purified Amylic 
 in a capacious glass retort an equal volume of nitric 
 
 -I gradually heating to near the boiling point when the 
 will proceed spontaneously. The distillate is collected 
 
 e temperature in the retort rises to ioo° C. (212 F.) 
 
 See Ali ohol Amyli 
 
152 A.MYLUM. 
 
 and then discontinued. The distillate is agitated with water 
 rendered alkaline with potassa or lime, and the oily layer 
 which separates upon standing is distilled, the portion coming 
 over between 95 and ioo° C. being the Nitrite of Amyl. 
 Other Amyl Ethers are made in a similar manner. 
 
 Nitrite of Amyl Pearls are made by enclosing a few drops 
 of Nitrite of Amyl in thin glass capsules. These are broken 
 in the handkerchief when desired to be used by inhalation for 
 headache or other disorders. 
 
 Uses. — Nitrite of Amyl is used medicinally by inhalation 
 for spasmodic diseases, asthma, epilepsy, etc., and for nervous 
 headache. It is sometimes given in doses of ^ to 1 minim, 
 much diluted. 
 
 177. AMYLUM. 
 
 Starch. 
 
 C 6 H io°5- 
 
 This substance is more familiar to the grocer than the drug- 
 gist. It exists in plants, and is obtained from various grains, 
 tubers, roots, etc., by separating it in various ways from the 
 other substances with which it is associated. The starch 
 obtained from various substances does not differ in chemical 
 composition, but only in physical appearance. The U. S. P. 
 directs starch obtained from the seed of common wheat ( Triti- 
 cum vulgare) ; the Br. P. mentions wheat, corn or rice starch 
 as official ; but in pharmaceutical practice starch from almost 
 any source is used, as the druggist uses whatever is furnished 
 by the manufacturers. It is prepared by manufacturers by 
 grinding the grain to a fine powder, washing it with an abund- 
 ance of water, allowing the starch to settle, draining off the 
 water and drying. 
 
 In the industrial arts starch is extensively employed for 
 many purposes. The manufacture of grape sugar or glucose 
 from starch has been developed to an important industry in 
 this country. Dextrin is also a derivative of starch consider- 
 ably used in manufacturing and the arts. 
 
 In pharmacy starch is employed as a dusting for pills, sup- 
 
AMYLUM. 153 
 
 positories, etc., an ingredient in toilet powders and for making 
 several preparations. In medicine starch is made into demul- 
 cent food for invalids and is used in the form of dust, decoc- 
 tion or glycerite, externally, to allay inflammation, prevent 
 chaffing, etc. Some of its compounds are used internally to 
 prevent the irritation of caustic medicines. 
 
 Varieties of Starch. — Wheat, rye, corn, rice hid potato starch 
 
 are the varieties usually known in the market as starch. Starch 
 obtained from any or all of these substances is known as 
 laundry starch, but "corn starch" is put up in packages 
 especially as an article of diet. 
 
 Arrozvroot {Maranta) is a starch obtained from the rhizome 
 of Maranta arundinacea. It was formerly official, but has 
 now been deleted. It is used as a nutritious food for invalids. 
 Much of the "arrowroot" that is sold, however, consists only 
 of our common varieties of starch. Sago, a starch prepared 
 from the pith of the sago palm, and Tapioca, prepared from 
 the tubers of the tapioca or cassava plant, are familiar varieties 
 of starch used as food. Rice and Pearl-Barley, as they are 
 sold by grocers, consist mainly of starch. 
 
 178. Amylum Iodatum, U. S. 
 
 Iodised Starch- — Iodide of Starch. 
 
 Starch, 95 parts, or 418 grains. 
 
 Iodine, 5 parts, or 22 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient 
 
 quantity to make . . . 100 parts, or about 1 oz. av. 
 
 "Triturate the iodine with a little distilled water, add the 
 starch gradually, and continue triturating until the compound 
 assumes a uniform blue color approaching black. Dry it at a 
 temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.), and rub it to a fine 
 powder." 
 
 There seems to be some difference of opinion as to whether 
 this is a chemical or mechanical compound. 
 
 Uses. This is given internally in doses of from two to four 
 drachms, its advantage being that iodine max- be freely admin- 
 istered without danger of gastric or intestinal irritation. 
 
154 ANILINA. 
 
 Soluble Iodide of Starch. — A soluble Iodide of Starch 
 may be made by dissolving 180 grains of iodine in 5 fl. drachms 
 of ether and triturating the solution with 3 troyounces of 
 starch until the ether has evaporated, then heating by water- 
 bath for half an hour with occasional stirring. The starch is 
 thus converted into dextrin and becomes soluble. It contains 
 when completed about 4 per cent, of iodine, and may be 
 made into solution or syrup, or given in powder like the above. 
 
 179. ANILINA. 
 
 Aniline — A nilinc Oil — Phenylamine. 
 
 C 6 H 7 N. 
 
 This alkaloid was first obtained from indigo by dry distilla- 
 tion, and derives its name from Anil, a specie of plants from 
 which indigo is obtained. It was afterward obtained from 
 coal-tar, benzene and other products of coal and petroleum dis- 
 tillation and is now mainly obtained from these sources. It is 
 a colorless, oily, inflammable liquid, the base of the various 
 well-known salts known in the market as aniline dyes. Drug- 
 gists formerly had quite a sale for these aniline salts under 
 various fanciful names, but since the introduction of pro- 
 prietary package dyes they are but little called for, but are 
 somewhat used in pharmacy for making colors and inks. The 
 process for obtaining Aniline is complicated and varies con- 
 siderably with the substance from which it is derived ; there- 
 fore it is not repeated here. Aniline forms salts with most of 
 the acids and negative elements, which give a great variety of 
 beautiful colors known as "Aniline Dyes," the manufacture of 
 which constitutes a great industry. Aniline and its compounds 
 are not used in medicine. The following are a few of the best 
 known Aniline Dyes : 
 
 180. Red Aniline or Fuchsine, also known as Magenta, Solferino, ros- 
 
 aniline, rosdine, rubine and by many other similar names, is made by various 
 processes, which consist in oxidizing aniline oil by means of acids or other 
 oxidizing agents. It is the basis of most of the other aniline dyes. 
 
 Many modifications of the red color are produced by different combina- 
 tions and processes. 
 
ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 155 
 
 181. Blue Aniline is made both soluble and insoluble of various shades 
 of color. The former is known as soluble or alkali blue, Nicholsons blue, 
 diphenylamine blue, etc. ; the latter as Bleu de Lyons, Bleu de Nuit, blueine, 
 Mulhouse blue, Aldehyde blue, triphenyl rosaniline, etc. 
 
 182. Violet Aniline, Mauvine, Purple A?iiline, Etc. — A great variety of 
 violets, ranging from bluish to redish, are produced by various combinations. 
 The most familiar are Hoffman's Violets, made by acting on fuchsine with 
 methel or ethyl iodide or bromide. Those having a reddish shade are marked 
 Hoffman's Violet R., while those having a blue shade are known as Hoffman's 
 Violet B. or BB. or BBB., etc. 
 
 183. Green Aniline. — A variety of green shades are also made by vari- 
 ously combining yellows and blues, or by acting upon fuchsine with various 
 substances. They are variously known as aldehyd green, iodine green, methyl 
 greeti, etc. 
 
 184. Black Aniline, Negrosine, or Gray Aniline. — This is made by 
 acting upon mauvine with strong sulphuric acid and aldehyd, and by other 
 cheaper methods. All tints from light gray to black may be produced with 
 this dye. It is the basis of many of the popular black inks. 
 
 185. Yellow Aniline and Orange Aniline are mostly obtained from the 
 products of fuchsine manufacture, chrysaniline, etc. 
 
 186. Brown Anilines are made by heating fuchsine and formic acid 
 together, and by other methods. 
 
 ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 
 
 Symbol, Sb. (Stibium); Atomic weight, 120; Sp. gr. 6,715. 
 
 The metal Antimony occurs in nature to a small extent but 
 is generally found alloyed or associated with other metals or 
 combined with sulphur. The common commercial source 
 being Sulphide of Antimony, Gray Antimony, or stibnite 
 (Sb 2 S 3 .) This ore was called by the alchemists lupus metallo- 
 ruiii, and metallic Antimony was named by them, regulus, or 
 regains of Antimony. 
 
 Metallic Antimony is a bright, silver-gray metal, very brittle, 
 easily pulverized, and is one of the most important alloy- 
 metals we possess. Its salts are considerably used in phar- 
 macy and medicine. 
 
lo6 ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 
 
 The following are the principal alloys in which Antimony 
 is employed : 
 
 187. Babbitt-Metal. — The best Babbitt anti-friction metal, which is used 
 as boxes for the journals or axles of machinery, is composed of tin, 10 parts ; 
 copper and antimony, each 1 part. A cheaper alloy is made by using a 
 portion of lead in place of tin. 
 
 188. Britannia-Metal. — The best Britannia-Metal is composed of tin, 81 
 parts; antimony, 16 parts; copper, 2 parts; zinc, 1 part. Other grades of 
 Britannia are required to be softer for various purposes, and a smaller propor- 
 tion of Antimony is used. Lead is also used in cheaper grades in place of a 
 portion of the tin. 
 
 189. Pewter. — The best plate pewter is made with tin, 85 parts ; Antimony. 
 8 parts ; copper, 5 parts ; bismuth, 2 parts. Cheap Pewter is made of tin and 
 lead only. 
 
 190. Type-Metal. — This is made of lead, 80 to 83 parts, and Antimony, 
 17 to 20 parts. Other metals are often added, and varying proportions of lead 
 and Antimony used. 
 
 Lead 75 parts, Antimony 20 parts, tin 5 parts; or, lead 70 parts, Anti- 
 mony 25 parts, tin 5 parts, are good proportions. Many type-founders use 
 a small proportion of copper in the alloy. 
 
 191. Stereotype-Metal is made of lead, 112 parts; Antimony, 18 parts; 
 tin, 3 parts. 
 
 Of the many salts and preparations of Antimony that were 
 formerly used in medicine but few are now employed. 
 The following are the official salts : 
 
 192. Antimonii et Potassii Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of A ntimony and Potassium — Tartar Emetic, U. S. — 
 Tartrated A ntimony, Br. 
 
 2KSbOC 4 H 4 6 .H 3 0. 
 
 This double salt is the most important medicinal prepara- 
 tion of Antimony. It may be made by the old official process, 
 which is as follows : 
 
 Oxide of Antimony, in very fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 Bitartrate of Potassium, in very fine 
 
 powder, 2j^ ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 18 ounces. 
 
 To the water, heated to boiling in a glass (or porcelain) vessel, 
 add the powders previously mixed and boil for an hour. 
 
ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 157 
 
 Then filter the liquid while hot and set aside that crystals 
 may form. Lastly, dry the crystals and keep them in a well- 
 stopped bottle. 
 
 The British process is similar, except that the powders are 
 first mixed together, moistened with water to a pasty mass 
 and allowed to stand twenty-four hours before boiling with the 
 remainder of the water, the boiling being continued only 15 
 minutes. 
 
 This salt is found in the market generally in the form of a 
 white powder, familiarly known as Tartar Emetic. It is 
 soluble in about 17 parts of cold or 3 parts of boiling water. 
 
 Uses. — Tartar Emetic is given in doses of from y 2 to 1 
 grain, repeated if necessary, as an Emetic. In doses of -^ to 
 y grain it is used as a diaphoretic and alterative. It is much 
 prescribed and used as an ingredient in cough medicines, and 
 is also employed for making irritating ointments and plasters. 
 As an antidote for poisoning by overdose of this salt, some 
 solution containing tannin should be given freely. Strong 
 tea will do. Tannin forms with it an insoluble salt. 
 
 193. Antimonii Oxidum. 
 
 Oxide of Antimony. 
 
 This is trioxide of Antimony or Antimonious Oxide. It is 
 made by treating Sulphide of Antimony with hydrochloric 
 acid, by the aid of heat, then adding nitric acid and water, and 
 filtering, which makes a solution of Chloride of Antimony. 
 The filtrate is then poured into a large quantity of water, 
 which precipitates Oxychloride of Antimony. To convert this 
 into the oxide it is treated with water of ammonia for two 
 hours, and then washed with distilled water to remove chloride 
 of ammonium. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made by precipi- 
 tating 16 fl. ounces of solution Chloride of Antimony by 
 pouring it into 2 gallons (Imperial) of water, washing the 
 precipitate with distilled water, then adding a solution of 6 
 ounces of carbonate <>f sodium in 2 pints (Imperial) of water. 
 
1 58 ANTIMONIUM — ANTIAK (NY. 
 
 leaving them in contact half an hour with frequent stirring, 
 collecting the precipitate and washing with boiling distilled 
 water. 
 
 Uses. — The Oxide of Antimony is used chiefly for making 
 other antimonial preparations. The only form in which it is 
 administered unchanged is in antimonial powder. 
 
 194. Antimonii Sulphidum. 
 
 Sulpiride or Sutyhuret of Antimony. 
 
 Native Sulphide of Antimony, purified by fusion and as 
 nearly free from arsenic as possible — U. S. 
 
 This is the commercial or crude Sulphuret of Antimony 
 from which the other antimonial preparations are derived. It 
 is considerably used as an ingredient of condition powders. 
 
 195. Antimonii Sulphidum Purificatum. 
 
 Purified Sulphide of Antimony — Black Antimony. 
 
 This is the same as the foregoing, except that it is purified 
 by dissolving out whatever arsenious sulphide is present with 
 ammonia. 
 
 Sulphide of Antimony, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 8}4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Reduce the Sulphide to a very fine powder; add the water of 
 ammonia, macerate for five days with frequent agitation ; then 
 pour off the water of ammonia. Wash the residue thoroughly 
 with several portions of water, and, finally, dry by heat. 
 
 Uses. — Whenever sulphide of antimony is directed to be 
 used in medicine, the preparation thus purified should be 
 employed. It is considerably used in making horse and cattle 
 powders. 
 
ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 159 
 
 196. Antimonium Sulphuratum. 
 
 SulpJinrated Antimony. 
 
 Purified Sulphate of Antimony, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Solution of Soda, 22^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the Antimony with the solution of Soda and 4 pints of 
 distilled water, and boil the mixture over a gentle fire for two 
 hours, constantly stirring and adding a little distilled water 
 occasionally to maintain the same volume. Strain the liquid 
 then through a double muslin strainer and drop into it while 
 yet hot diluted sulphuric acid so long as it produces a precipi- 
 tate. Wash the precipitate with hot distilled water until all 
 traces of sulphuric acid are removed, then dry, and reduce to 
 a fine powder. The powder is composed of sulphide and Oxide 
 of Antimony. 
 
 Uses. — This is given as an alterative and diaphoretic in 
 small • doses and an emetic in doses of from 2 to 5 grains. 
 It is an ingredient of the well-known Plummer's Pills, which 
 are official. 
 
 Other Salts of Antimony. 
 
 The foregoing are all the Salts of Antimony that are used 
 to any extent, in pharmacy, but the following unofficial salts 
 are sometimes employed, and are therefore mentioned : 
 
 197. Bromide of Antimony — SbBr 3 . — Made by adding dry Antimony 
 to bromine in a retort, agitating until the reaction is complete, then purifying 
 by distillation and collecting the crystals. 
 
 198. Fluoride of Antimony — SbFl 3 . — By distilling Antimony and fluo- 
 ride of mercury together and collecting the white mass. 
 
 199. Iodide of Antimony - Sbl 3 . — By combining Antimony and iodine 
 and allowing them to remain in combination until the reaction is completed. 
 
 200. Oxides of Antimony.— Besides the official oxide (trioxide) of Anti- 
 mony, it forms a tetroxide, Sb 8 4 , known as antimonious acid, and ■& pent- 
 ox id c Sb 8 B known as antimonic anhydride. 
 
 201. Oxychloride of Antimony — SbOCl — Powder of Algaroth. — By 
 pouring solution of Chloride of Antimony into a considerable quantity of 
 water, this salt is precipitated. 
 
160 ANTIPYRIN. 
 
 202. Oxysulphide of Antimony — Kermes Mineral, Golden Sulphide of 
 Antimony. — By boiling one troyounce of Sulphide of Antimony for one hour 
 with 1 6 pints of water and 23 troyounces carbonate of sodium, then allowing 
 to stand twenty-four hours, collecting the precipitate, washing and drying. 
 It is a mixture of sulphide and oxide of Antimony; was formerly official but 
 is now seldom used. Uses same as Sulphurated Antimony. 
 
 203. Pentasulphide of Antimony — Sb 3 S 5 .— By passing hydrosulphuric 
 acid gas through antimonic anhydride suspended in water until the reaction 
 is complete. This is similar in composition to the following: 
 
 204. Sulphantimoniate of Antimony — Schlippes Salt. — By dissolving 
 70 parts of carbonate of sodium in 250 parts of water, boiling and mixing 
 with 26 parts of lime mixed with 80 parts of water ; then adding 36 parts of 
 levigated Sulphide of Antimony and 7 parts of sublimed sulphur, boiling 
 until the gray color disappears, filtering and crystallizing. 
 
 205. Sulphate of Antimony — Sb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . — By boiling Antimony with 
 strong sulphuric acid, and collecting the white mass. 
 
 206. Vitrified Antimony — Glass of Antimony. — By roasting Sulphide of 
 Antimony first in a shallow vessel, and then melting it in a crucible, and 
 pouring it upon an iron plate. 
 
 Besides the foregoing, some other preparations and compounds of Antimony 
 are occasionally wanted Btttter of Antimony is the Solution of Terchloride 
 of Antimony (which see). Crocus of Antimony is made by fusing equal parts 
 of Black Antimony and saltpetre together; Liver of Antimony by fusing 7 
 parts of Black Antimony with 2 parts of dry carbonate of sodium ; Ethiops of 
 Antimony by triturating 1 part of mercury with 2 parts of Black Antimony 
 until the mercury is extinguished. 
 
 207. ANTIPYRIN. 
 
 C 30 H 18 N 4 O 2 . 
 
 This is made by Meister, Lucius & Briining, of Hochst on 
 the Rhine, after a patented process, by heating methyl-oxy- 
 chinizin with an excess of phenyl-hydrazin to boiling, and 
 collecting the white crystalline powder which forms. A 
 similar preparation called Dr. Knorr s Antipyrine is now made 
 in this country. It is used to reduce the temperature, and as. 
 a general sedative in febrile conditions. The dose is from 15 
 to 40 grains. 
 
 Antifebrin is a similar proprietary compound similarly indi- 
 cated and used in febrile conditions. 
 
AQ LLE — WATERS. 161 
 
 AQU^ — WATERS. 
 
 As applied to pharmacy in this country and Great Britain 
 the term Agues or Waters includes only aqueous solutions of 
 aromatic or volatile substances, either with or without the 
 aid of some insoluble medium by which their solution may be 
 facilitated. 
 
 These waters are more commonly called " medicated waters," 
 but with one or two exceptions they are hardly entitled to 
 that appellation. They are used in pharmacy for making a 
 few medicinal preparations, and in medicine are prescribed as 
 vehicles or aromatic dilutents for more active remedies. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia includes in the waters, 
 aqua ammonise and aqua chlori, which are solutions of gas 
 in water; the British Pharmacopoeia includes these among 
 the solutions, which is, no doubt, the more proper classification. 
 In German pharmacy several preparations are classed among 
 the waters that more properly belong with the solutions ; and 
 in French Pharmacy, a large number of preparations are in- 
 cluded in the " Eaux " which should be in entirely different 
 departments. Under this heading, therefore, only those solu- 
 tions of volatile substances which are naturally classed with 
 the waters as understood in this country and Great Britain will 
 be mentioned. 
 
 The processes by which they are made are as follows : 
 
 208. By Solution. 
 
 a. Of those made with cold water, the solutions of gaseous 
 ammonia and chlorine ; of chloroform, carbolic acid and crea- 
 SOte ; of bitter almond oil, and tar may be mentioned. With 
 the exception of the gaseous solutions, which require special 
 apparatus, the remaining waters are made simply by agitating 
 tin- substances occasionally for several days with cold water. 
 
 b. Hot water dissolves the volatile oils much more readily 
 than cold, and very good waters ma)- be made by thoroughly 
 agitating the volatile oil directed in hot water, allowing to 
 
162 AQl'.V. — WATERS. 
 
 stand for several hours, and filtering. Nearly all the waters in 
 which volatile oils are used can be satisfactorily made in this 
 manner. 
 
 209. By Distillation. 
 
 a. From fresh or dried aromatic fruit, flowers, leaves, bark, 
 or other parts of plants. The substance is introduced with 
 water into a still, and one half or less of the water (which is 
 charged with the volatile constituents of the substances) is 
 distilled over. Or steam is passed through the substances 
 contained in a still, the vapor condensed, and the liquid 
 separated from oily particles by Alteration. Most of the waters 
 of the British Pharmacopoeia are made in this manner. 
 
 b. From essential oils of plants, by mixing them with a 
 quantity of sand or some other substance to separate the oily 
 particles, then adding water and distilling over about half the 
 quantity used. The proportion is generally one fl. drachm of 
 essential oil, 4 ounces of sand, and one gallon of water. Distill 
 4 to 6 pints. This is a very good way to make Distilled Waters. 
 They generally keep better than when made from the fruit, 
 flowers, leaves, etc. 
 
 Distillation, whenever it is admissible, is to be recommended 
 above all other processes for the preparation of Waters. The 
 process and apparatus are further described on page 26. When 
 made by distillation, the distilled waters while still warm 
 should be put in small bottles, sealed, and put in a cool place. 
 They will then keep for years. 
 
 210. By Filtration or Percolation. 
 
 a. The process formerly official for making most of the 
 Waters of the United States Pharmacopoeia, was to rub 30 
 minims of the essential oil with 60 grains of carbonate of 
 magnesium, then with 2 pints of water, and filter. This was 
 generally a very satisfactory process, but it was thought 
 desirable to change the process in the 1880 revision by substi- 
 
AQU/E — WATERS. 163 
 
 tuting cotton as a means of mechanically dividing the oil to 
 aid in its solution. The former process is, however, very 
 generally used in preference to tke latter. Other substances 
 besides carbonate of magnesium, as phosphate of calcium, 
 powdered pumice-stone, kaolin, precipitated chalk, etc., are 
 sometimes used, but they have no advantages over it. 
 
 b. The 1880 United States Pharmacopoeia directs many of 
 the Waters to be made by adding the essential oil gradually 
 to cotton, picking it thoroughly to pieces to distribute the 
 oil evenly, then packing the cotton in a conical funnel, and 
 percolating with water until the desired quantity is obtained. 
 The cotton (which is preferably absorbent cotton) is best 
 impregnated with the essential oil by the use of cards such as 
 are employed Tor carding wool. Thirty minims of the oil with 
 60 grains of cotton is the proper quantity to make two pints 
 of water. 
 
 The following are the Waters generally used and prescribed 
 in this country. 
 
 For Water of Ammonia, see Ammonia. 
 For Chlorine Water, see Chlorine. 
 
 211. Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. 
 
 Bitter Almond Water. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds 15 minims. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the oil in the water by agitation (208 a), and filter 
 through a well-wetted filter. 
 
 This is an agreeably flavored vehicle. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs this water to be made from Bitter 
 Almonds 12 parts by first bruising and pressing out as much as possible of 
 the fixed oil, then powdering and mixing with 80 parts of water, and 1 part of 
 alcohol, and allowing to stand 12 hours. Eleven parts are then to be care- 
 fully distilled off into a well cooled receiver, containing one part of alcohol. 
 This is then to be assayed to determine the amount of hydrocyanic acid, and 
 the distillate so diluted with a mixture of 1 part of alcohol mixed with 5 parts 
 of water, that 1 part of hydrocyanic arid will be contained in 1,000 parts of 
 the finished liquid. 
 
(U AOU.K — WATERS. 
 
 212. Aqua Anethi, Br. 
 
 Dill Water. 
 
 Dill Fruit, bruised, I pound av. 
 
 Water, 20 pounds av. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds, (209 a.) 
 
 This very much resembles Anise Water. It is seldom used in 
 this country, but is much prescribed in Great Britain. 
 
 213. Aqua Anisi, U. S. 
 
 Anise Water. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 30 minims. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Make by rubbing the oil with the magnesium or picking 
 with the cotton, adding the water and filtering or percolating 
 as directed (210 a or b.) It may also be made by mixing 1 
 fl. drachm of oil with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, 
 and distilling 4 pints (209 b.) 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia directs : 
 
 Anise Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 
 
 Water, 20 pounds av. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds, as directed (209 a.) 
 
 Anise Water is used as a vehicle for medicines, especially for 
 children. 
 
 214. Aqua Aurantii Florum. 
 
 Orange Flower Water. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia directs 40 parts of recent 
 Orange Flowers and 200 parts of water to be mixed, and 100 
 parts to be distilled. 
 
 Orange Flower Water is seldom, if ever, made in this coun- 
 try. As imported, it is known as Triple Orange Flower 
 Water. By diluting with two parts of distilled water, ordinary 
 Orange Flower Water is made. 
 
 An inferior Orange Flower Water may be made by rubbing 
 20 minims of Oil of Orange Flowers (Oil of Neroli) with 60 
 
AQU/E — WATERS. 165 
 
 grains carbonate of magnesium, adding 2 pints of water, and 
 filtering. 
 
 A better preparation may be made by mixing 30 minims of 
 Oil of Orange Flowers (Neroli) with 4 ounces of sand and 6 
 pints of water, and distilling 3 pints. 
 
 Neither of these, however, represent the true flavor of the 
 water distilled from the flowers. 
 
 Orange Flower Water is used in a few medicinal prepara- 
 tions and elixirs, but chiefly in toilet preparations, etc. 
 
 215. Aqua Camphorae. 
 
 Camphor Water (U. S., 1880). 
 
 Camphor, 120 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cotton, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor in the alcohol ; moisten the cotton 
 with the solution ; allow the alcohol to evaporate ; pack in a 
 percolator, and add water until 2 pints have passed. 
 
 The 1870 United States Pharmacopoeia directed 120 grains 
 of Camphor to be rubbed with 40 minims of alcohol, then with 
 240 grains of carbonate of magnesium, and then percolated 
 with water until 2 pints were obtained. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia directs y 2 ounce av. of Camphor 
 to be crushed and enclosed in a muslin bag and kept at the 
 bottom of a bottle containing 10 pounds of distilled water (by 
 means of a glass rod ) for at least two days before using, and 
 then pour off the solution as required for use. 
 
 Camphor Water is used as a mild antispasmodic, in doses of 
 1 .. to 1 fl. ounce, and as an addition to many medicines. 
 
 216. Aqua Carbolisata, P. G. 
 
 Carbolic Acid Water. 
 
 Liquefied Carbolic Acid (29) 33 parts. 
 
 Water 967 parts. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This was formerly official in the United States Pharmaco- 
 poeia but has been deleted. 
 
166 AQ U Al — W AT E RS . 
 
 217. Aqua Carui, Br. 
 
 Caraway Water. 
 
 Caraway Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 
 
 Water, 20 pounds av. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds as directed, (209 a.) 
 
 It may also be made by mixing 1 fl. drachm of Oil of Cara- 
 way Seed with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, and 
 distilling 4 pints. 
 
 This is official only in the British Pharmacopoeia. It is a 
 pleasantly flavored water like Anise or Dill. 
 
 218. Aqua Chloroformi, Br. 
 
 Chloroform 1 1 T ater. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Distilled Water, 25 fl. ounces. 
 
 Put them in a quart bottle closely stopped and shake them 
 together until the Chloroform is entirely dissolved. 
 
 This Solution of Chloroform is used as a mild sedative in 
 doses of y 2 to 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 219. Aqua Cinnamomi. 
 
 Cinnamon Water (U. S., 1880). 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 30 minims. 
 
 Cotton, 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Add the oil to the cotton ; pick, pack, and percolate with 
 the water, (210 b.) 
 
 The 1870 United States Pharmacopoeia directed 30 minims 
 of Cinnamon Oil to be rubbed with 60 grains carbonate of 
 magnesium, and then with 2 pints of distilled water, and 
 filtered. The 1880 preparation is to be preferred. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia directs 20 ounces av. of Cinna- 
 mon Bark, bruised, to be mixed with 20 pounds of water, and 
 1 gallon to be distilled, (209 a.) It may also be made by mix- 
 ing 1 fl. drachm of Cinnamon Oil with 4 ounces of sand and 
 
AQUJE — WATERS. 167 
 
 8 pints of water, and distilling 4 pints. This makes a superior 
 Cinnamon Water. 
 
 Cinnamon Water is used in making several preparations and 
 is much prescribed as an adjuvant or dilutent for other medi- 
 cines. It may be given as a mild stimulant in doses of 1 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 220. Aqua Creasoti, U. S. 
 
 Creasotc Water. 
 
 Creasote, 73 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, agitate, and filter through a well-wetted filter. This is 
 very similar to carbolic acid water. 
 
 221. Aqua Destillata. 
 
 Distilled Water. 
 Water, 1,000 parts or 15 pints. 
 
 Distill the water from a suitable apparatus, throwing away 
 the first pint and collecting the next 12 pints that are distilled 
 over. Preserve in full, well-stopped bottles. 
 
 222. Aqua Fceniculi. 
 
 Fennel Water. 
 
 Oil of Fennel, 15 minims. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . . 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Rub the oil with the magnesium, or pick with the cotton ; 
 add water, and filter or percolate as directed, (210 a or b.) 
 
 The British and German Pharmacopoeias direct this to be 
 made by distillation, as follows: 
 
 Fennel Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 
 
 Water, 20 pounds av. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds. 
 
 It may also be made by mixing 1 fi. drachm of Oil of Fennel 
 with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, and distilling 4 
 pints. 
 
 Fennel Water is used as a pleasant vehicle and dilutent, the 
 same as .Anise. 
 
168 AQUiE — WATERS. 
 
 223. Aqua Gaultheriae. 
 
 1 J r intergreen 1 Vater. 
 
 Although this water is not known to be official in any Phar- 
 macopoeia, yet it is used and prescribed by physicians quite 
 generally. It may be made as follows : 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 30 minims. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, precipitated, . . .120 grains. 
 Distilled Water 2 pints. 
 
 Rub the oil with the phosphate of lime, add the water and 
 filter. 
 
 It may be made by distillation as follows : 
 
 Wintergreen, fresh herb, 20 ounces av. 
 
 Water, 2 gallons. 
 
 Distill 8 pints. 
 
 Or by mixing 1 fl. drachm Oil of Wintergreen with 4 ounces 
 of sand and 1 gallon of water, and distilling 4 pints. 
 
 224. Aqua Lauro Cerasi, Br. 
 
 Cherry Laurel Water. 
 
 Fresh Leaves of Cherry Laurel, . . . 1 pound av. 
 Water, 3^ pints. 
 
 Crush the leaves and macerate with water in a warm place 
 for 24 hours, then distill 20 ounces. 
 
 The Cherry Laurel is seldom found in this country, and it 
 has been demonstrated, by the late Prof. Proctor, that the 
 leaves of our ordinary wild cherry treated in the same way 
 will produce an identical preparation. It is, therefore, advised 
 to use them in making ''Cherry Laurel Water" in this 
 country. 
 
 Cherry Laurel Water may also be made by adding 15 drops 
 Oil of Cherry Laurel to 2 pints of distilled water, and agitat- 
 ing until dissolved. 
 
 It is very similar to bitter almond water, which may be used 
 for it. 
 
AQU^E — WATERS. 
 
 225. Aqua Menthas Piperitae. 
 
 Peppermint Water. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 30 minims. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Rub the oil with the magnesium or pick with the cotton ; 
 add water, and filter or percolate as directed, (210 a or b.) 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia directs this to be made by mix- 
 ing \y 2 fl. drachms of Oil of Peppermint with 15 pounds of 
 water, and distilling 10 pounds. The oil should be mixed 
 with 4 ounces of sand as directed, (209 b.) 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made by mixing 
 1 part of cut Peppermint (herb) with water, and distilling 10 
 parts. 
 
 Peppermint Water is very much used and prescribed in 
 medicine as a vehicle for other medicines, especially in flatu- 
 lence and other dyspeptic troubles. 
 
 226. Aqua Mentha Viridis. 
 
 Spearmint Water. 
 
 Oil of Spearmint, 30 minims. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . . 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Make in the same manner as is directed for peppermint 
 water, (225.) Its uses are similar. 
 
 227. Aqua Picis, P. G. 
 
 Tar Water. 
 
 Tar I part. 
 
 Pumice-stone, in fine powder 3 parts. 
 
 The pumice-stone should be washed and dried and mixed 
 with the tar. 
 
 Then to make Tar Water: 
 
 Take of the above mixture, 4 parts. 
 
 Water 10 parts. 
 
170 AOU.E — WATERS. 
 
 Shake together for 5 minutes, and filter. It should be 
 freshly made when desired for use. Tar Water was official in 
 the 1870 U. S. P. under the title Infusum Picis Liquidce. 
 
 Tar Water, as a domestic remedy, is a well-known prepara- 
 tion. It is made by putting a pint of Tar in a gallon or more 
 of water and stirring occasionally. 
 
 228. Aqua Pimentae, Br. 
 
 Pimento Water. 
 
 Pimento, bruised, 14 ounces av. 
 
 Water, 20 pounds av. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds. 
 
 This may also be prepared by adding 30 minims Oil of 
 Pimento to 60 grains of cotton ; picking, packing and percola- 
 ting with 2 pints of distilled water. 
 
 It is not as good prepared with Carb. Magnesium, as the oil 
 has an acid reaction. 
 
 229. Aqua Rosae. 
 
 Rose Water. 
 
 Recent Pale Rose (petals), 2 parts. 
 
 Water, 10 parts. 
 
 Distill by means of steam, 5 parts. 
 
 The same proportions may be used, and the distillation per- 
 formed by the ordinary still. 
 
 The British Pharmacopceia directs 10 pounds of fresh 
 hundred-leaved rose petals to be mixed with 50 pounds of 
 water, and 10 pounds distilled. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs 4 drops of Oil of Rose 
 to be shaken with 1,000 grammes (about 2 pints) of tepid 
 water for some time, and then filtered. 
 
 Rose Water, to be fine, should be redistilled. It cannot be 
 profitably distilled in this country, as our roses lack the 
 fragrance of the European varieties. 
 
 Triple Rose Water may be bought of the importing drug- 
 gists, and reduced with one or two parts of distilled water. It 
 is then much better and cheaper than any of domestic produc- 
 tion. 
 
AQU.E — WATERS. 171 
 
 A fair quality of Rose Water may be made by adding 10 
 drops of Otto (Oil) of Rose to 30 grains of cotton, picking, 
 packing and percolating with 2 pints of hot distilled water. 
 
 It may also be made by mixing 20 minims of Otto of Rose 
 with 4 ounces of sand and one gallon of water, and distilling 
 4 pints. 
 
 The imported Rose Water is, however, superior to any home 
 production. 
 
 Rose Water is used in several official preparations, and is 
 much prescribed as a solvent for various substances used as 
 lotions, etc. ; it is also a favorite article for the toilet, either 
 alone or mixed with other substances. 
 
 230. Aqua Sambuci, Br. 
 
 Elder Floiver Water. 
 
 Fresh Elder Flowers, 10 pounds av. 
 
 Water, 50 pounds. 
 
 Distill 10 pounds. 
 
 This is used as a pleasant flavored water for medicinal 
 lotions, etc. 
 
 Other Medicinal Waters. 
 
 Besides the foregoing waters, which are mostly official in 
 either the United States, British, or German Pharmacopoeias, 
 others are frequently required, but they are all made in the 
 same general manner as those herein given. Of those made 
 from fruit or seeds, angelica, coriander, juniper, parsley, etc., 
 may be made in the same manner as dill or fennel water; of 
 those made from flowers or herbs, balm, borage, chamomile, 
 hyssop, lavender, lettuce, lily, melilot, myrtle, origanum, 
 peach, pennyroyal, rosemary, sage, thyme, violet, wormwood, 
 etc., may be made in the same manner as cherry laurel or elder 
 flower water; of those made from barks, and oilier substances, 
 lemon, orange, lime, sassafras, valerian, vanilla, and others, 
 may be made by distillation in the same manner as is directed 
 for making cinnamon water. 
 
172 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 
 
 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 
 
 Symbol, Ag. Atomic weight 108. Sp. gr. (fused) 10.4. 
 
 Silver is a well-known elementary metal extensively used in 
 the arts and employed as the money currency of many coun- 
 tries. It is obtained mostly from its ores, from which it is 
 separated by various means, but is sometimes found in small 
 quantities, as metallic silver. Its uses in the arts and com- 
 merce of the world are too well-known and general to require 
 mention. 
 
 In pharmacy it is used in the metallic state only in the form 
 of silver leaf (Argent 'it in Foliatum) for coating pills, cachous, 
 etc.; but its salts — particularly the nitrate of silver — are 
 much employed for making various preparations, and are 
 somewhat used in medicine. 
 
 Solutions of its salts are precipitated by chlorine compounds 
 forming a curdy white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid but 
 soluble in water of ammonia. This forms a very delicate and 
 characteristic test for silver. 
 
 The following are the U. S. official preparations of silver: 
 
 231. Argentum Purificatum. 
 
 Refined Silver. 
 The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, under this heading 
 describes pure metallic Silver. It may be made by dissolving 
 Coin Silver in nitric acid and water, adding hydrochloric acid, 
 which precipitates chloride of silver, leaving the copper alloy in 
 solution ; the liquid is poured off, the precipitate washed and 
 melted, with carbonate of sodium, in a crucible. The melted 
 metal is then poured off and consists of pure silver. 
 
 232. Argenti Cyanidum. 
 
 Cyanide of Silver. 
 
 AgCN. 
 
 Tin's salt is made by generating hydrocyanic gas in a retort 
 
 by adding sulphuric acid to a solution of ferrocyanide of 
 
 potassium, distilling and conducting the vapor into a glass 
 
ARGENTUM — SILVER. 173 
 
 receiver containing a solution of Nitrate of Silver, from which 
 Cyanide of Silver is precipitated. 
 
 It is used in pharmacy for the extemporaneous preparation 
 of diluted hydrocyanic acid, which see, page 61. 
 
 233. Argenti Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Silver. 
 Agl. 
 This may be made by precipitating a solution of Nitrate of 
 Silver with a solution of iodide of potassium. 
 
 It is sometimes given in doses of ^ to 2 grains for syphilis. 
 
 234. Argenti Nitras. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 AgN0 3 . 
 
 Nitrate of Silver is the working base of all the silver salts, 
 
 and is the only silver salt that is employed to any extent in 
 
 pharmacy or medicine. It is also extensively employed in 
 
 photography. 
 
 A process for making it was formerly official but has been 
 omitted in the 1880 United States Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, directs it to be made as 
 follows : 
 
 Refined Silver (231), 3 ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 5 ounces av. 
 
 Add the nitric acid and the water to the Silver in a flask, and 
 apply a gentle heat till the metal is dissolved. Decant the 
 clear liquid from any black powder which may be present, into 
 a porcelain dish, evaporate and set aside to crystallize; pour 
 off the liquor and again evaporate and crystallize. The 
 crystals may be drained in a glass funnel. 
 
 Uses. — Crystallized Nitrate of Silver is used for making all 
 the other Salts of Silver, and is largely employed in photo- 
 graph}-, silver-plating and other arts and industries. In 
 pharmacy it is used for making hair dye, indelible ink, test 
 
174 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 
 
 solutions, etc., and in medicine is used in solution to remove 
 morbid growths, and as a caustic and escharotic, and internally 
 in gastritis, diarrhcea, and other derangements of the digestive 
 tract, in doses of ^ to ^ grain usually in the form of pills. 
 
 235. Argenti Nitras Dilutus. 
 
 Diluted Nitrate of Silver, U. S. — Nitrate of Silver and 
 Potassium, Br., G. P. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia directs 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 
 
 To be fused together in a porcelain capsule at as low a 
 temperature as possible, thoroughly mixed and cast into 
 suitable moulds. 
 
 The British and German Pharmacopoeias direct 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 2 ounces. 
 
 To be fused together in the same manner ; therefore, the 
 United States preparation is one-half and the British and 
 German preparations one-third Nitrate of Silver. This was 
 formerly called Argenti Nitras Mitigatus or Mitigated Nitrate 
 of Silver. It is cast in the form of cylindrical sticks and also 
 in the form of small cones. 
 
 Uses. — This is now much used as a caustic and escharotic 
 for external and internal application, as it is milder and just as 
 efficient as the pure lunar caustic. 
 
 236. Argenti Nitras Fusus. 
 
 Moulded Nitrate of Silver. — Fused Nitrate of Silver. — 'Lapis 
 Inf emails. — Lunar Caustic. 
 
 This is simply crystallized Nitrate of Silver, fused and cast 
 into sticks or points for convenient use. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made as 
 follows : 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 16 minims. 
 
ARGENTUM — SILVER. 175 
 
 Melt the Nitrate of Silver in a porcelain capsule at as low a 
 heat as possible, and add to it gradually the hydrochloric 
 acid, stir well, and when nitrous vapors cease to be evolved 
 pour into suitable moulds. The object of adding the hydro- 
 chloric acid is to toughen the moulded sticks, as the fused 
 nitrate alone is very brittle. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia suggests, " To form Toughened 
 Nitrate of Silver ox Toughened Caustic add 5 parts of nitrate 
 of Potassium to 95 parts of the Nitrate of Silver before 
 fusion." 
 
 Uses. — This is used as an escharotic, but is not so much 
 employed as formerly, the diluted Nitrate of Silver being used 
 instead. It is a favorite popular application for warts and 
 other excrescences. 
 
 237. Argenti Oxidum, 
 
 Oxide of Silver. 
 
 Ag 2 0. 
 
 The present United States Pharmacopoeia does not give a 
 process for making this salt. 
 
 The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs as follows: 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, in crystals, ... ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Solution of Lime (Lime Water), . 6y fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, . 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 4 ounces of the distilled 
 water, and having poured the solution into a bottle containing 
 the solution of lime, shake the mixture well and set it aside 
 to allow the deposit to settle. Draw off the liquid, collect the 
 precipitate on a filter, wash with the remainder of the distilled 
 water, and dry at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Uses. — The Oxide of Silver is somewhat used as a substi- 
 tute for Nitrate of Silver, being much less caustic, and, there- 
 fore, better suited for internal administration. It may be 
 made into pills Or mixed with other powders and given in 
 capsules. Care must be taken in dispensing this salt not to 
 
176 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 
 
 triturate it with readily oxidizable substances nor ammonia, 
 as it forms explosive compounds. 
 
 The photographic art and the use of indelible ink and hair 
 dyes depend upon the conversion of the Nitrate of Silver into 
 Oxide of Silver, which is insoluble. 
 
 Other Salts of Silver. 
 
 The foregoing official Salts of Silver are all that are used 
 to any extent in pharmacy or medicine. The following are, 
 however, sometimes required : 
 
 238. Acetate of Silver — AgC,H 3 2 . — Made by decomposing a solu- 
 tion of Nitrate of Silver by adding it to a solution of acetate of sodium, col- 
 lecting the precipitate, washing and drying. 
 
 239. Bromide of Silver — AgBr. — By decomposing a solution of Nitrate 
 of Silver, by adding it to a solution of bromide of potassium, collecting the 
 precipitate, washing and drying. 
 
 240. Chloride of Silver — AgCl. — By adding to a solution of Nitrate of 
 Silver hydrochloric acid or common salt as long as a precipitate is formed, 
 then collecting, washing and drying the precipitate. This is freely obtained 
 by precipitating the washings of photograph plates with common salt. 
 
 241. Chromate of Silver — Ag 2 Cr0 4 . — By adding a neutral solution of 
 chromate of potassium to a solution of Nitrate of Silver, collecting, washing 
 and drying the precipitate. 
 
 242. Oxalate of Silver — AgX._,0 4 .— By adding a solution of oxalic acid 
 to a solution of Nitrate of Silver, collecting, washing, and drying the 
 precipitate. 
 
 243. Phosphate of Silver — Ag ;j P0 4 . — By decomposing a solution of 
 Nitrate of Silver by adding to it a solution of phosphate of sodium, collecting 
 the precipitate, washing, and drying. 
 
 244. Sulphate of Silver— Ag,S0 4 — By decomposing a solution of Nitrate 
 of Silver by adding to it a solution of sulphate of sodium, collecting the 
 precipitate, washing and drying. 
 
 Many other Salts of Silver exist in nature in the form of ores, as Sulphide 
 of Silver, Carbonate of Silver, etc., or may be made in the laboratory by 
 combining it with various acids, but those already mentioned are all that are 
 of interest to pharmacy. 
 
ARSENICUM — ARSENIC. 177 
 
 ARSENICUM — ARSENIC. 
 
 Symbol, As: Atomic weight, 75 ; Sp. gr. 5.73 to 5.88. 
 
 Arsenicum, more commonly called Arsenic, is a brittle, gray- 
 colored metallic element very much resembling antimony in 
 its general appearance and characteristics. It is found in 
 nature as a free metal, but much more abundantly in ores, or 
 combined with other metals as an alloy, or in the form of salts, 
 its sulphides being most common. With oxygen it forms 
 Arsenious Oxide As 2 0, and Arsenic Oxide As 2 O s . With 
 sulphur it forms a disulphide known as realgar ox ruby sulphur, 
 As 2 S 2 ; a trisulphide known as orpiment or yellow sulphide, 
 As 2 S 3 ; and a pentasulphide, As 2 S g . With hydrogen and 
 oxygen it forms true Arsenious Acid, H 3 As0 3 , and Arsenic 
 Acid, H 3 As0 4 ; the former combines with some bases to form 
 salts known as Arsenites, and the latter forms Arseniates. 
 
 The oxides and sulphides of Arsenic are considerably used 
 in the arts, and somewhat, though not so much as formerly, 
 employed in pharmacy and medicine. 
 
 The following Arsenical compounds are official in the 
 United States : 
 
 245. Acidum Arseniosum. 
 
 Arsenic — Arsenious Acid or Oxide — White Arsenic — Arsenious 
 A nhydride — Ratsbane. 
 
 This is the common Arsenic of commerce. It is prepared 
 by roasting Arsenical ores in suitable furnaces, collecting the 
 vapor and resubliming. As will be noticed by-its formula it is 
 not a true acid, but an anhydride or oxide. 
 
 Uses. In pharmacy, Arsenic Is extensively put up and sold 
 as a rat poison, and its solution with alkalies is used to saturate 
 paper sold as fly-paper; it is also used for making most of the 
 medicinal preparations of Arsenic. In medicine it is employed 
 as an alterative in doses of .}., to J„ grain, and used with 
 
178 ARSENICUM— ARSENIC. 
 
 other substances as a caustic application to cancers and 
 fungus growths. 
 
 Antidote.— The most effectual antidote to arsenical poison- 
 ing is freshly prepared ferric hydrate, with which it forms 
 insoluble ferrous arseniate. 
 
 246. Arsenii Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic, U. S.— Iodide of Arsenicum, Br. 
 Asl 3 . 
 
 This compound is made by directly combining 1 part of 
 Metallic Arsenic in fine powder with 5 parts of Iodine, then 
 warming the mixture in a flask until liquefied, and pouring 
 upon a marble slab to cool. 
 
 Uses.— Iodide of Arsenic is chiefly used in pharmacy for 
 preparing Donovan's solution ; in medicine it is given as an 
 alterative in doses of -+■ grain, and sometimes used in 
 ointments. 
 
 247. Sodii Arsenias. 
 
 Arseniate of Sodium. 
 Na 2 HAs0 4 7H 2 0. 
 The following process for making this salt was formerly 
 official : 
 
 Arsenious Acid, in fine powder, .... 960 grains. 
 Sodium Nitrate, in fine powder, .... 816 grains. 
 Sodium Carbonate, dried, and in fine powder, 528 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, boiling hot, 8 flounces. 
 
 Having mixed the powders thoroughly put the mixture into 
 a large clay crucible and cover it with the lid. Expose it to 
 a full red heat until effervescense has ceased and complete 
 fusion has taken place. Pour the fused salt on a porcelain 
 si;!!, and .1. soon as it has solidified, and while still warm, put 
 it into the boiling water and stir until it is dissolved. Filter 
 Ihc solution and set it aside to crystallize, etc. 
 
 Uses.— The properties of this salt are the same as arsenious 
 acid; the dose is from -, 1 ., to \ of a grain. 
 
AURUM — GOLD. 179 
 
 Other Salts of Arsenic. 
 
 The foregoing are the Salts of Arsenic mainly used in 
 pharmacy and medicine, but the following are sometimes 
 employed : 
 
 248. Bisulphide of Arsenic or Realgar — As 3 S 2 . — Made by fusing 
 together 5 parts of Arsenious Acid and 3 parts of sulphur. 
 
 249. Bromide of Arsenic — AsBr 3 . — By dusting Arsenic in powder in a 
 retort filled with bromine vapor, and distilling. 
 
 250. Chloride of Arsenic — As Cl 3 . — By acting upon metallic Arsenic 
 with chlorine gas. 
 
 251. Trisulphide of Arsenic or Orpiment. — As 2 S 3 — By fusing 5 parts of 
 Arsenious Acid with 5 parts of sulphur. 
 
 AURUM — GOLD. 
 
 Symbol, Au ; Atomic weight, 196; Sp. gr. average 19.3. 
 
 Gold is the most valuable of the metallic elements. It is 
 used as the standard money bases of all countries, and on 
 account of its value, malleability, ductility, and permanence 
 of color is extensively used for ornamentation and for making 
 useful and valuable articles. It is obtained mainly as a free 
 metal or alloyed with other metals. 
 
 Metallic Gold is used in pharmacy only in the form of gold 
 leaf, for coating pills, cachous, etc. The only Salt of Gold 
 which is used to any extent in pharmacy or medicine is the 
 Chloride of Gold and sodium, which is official in the United 
 States and German Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 252. Auri et Sodii Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 
 
 A mixture composed of equal parts of dry Chloride of Gold 
 (AuCl 2 ) and chloride of sodium 1 NaCl.). — U. S. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs 65 parts of pure Gold to 
 be dissolved by gentle heat in a mixture of 65 parts of nitric 
 acid and 240 parts of hydrochloric acid; the solution is then 
 
180 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 
 
 em 
 
 to be diluted with 200 parts of water and 100 parts of pure 
 dry chloride of sodium dissolved in the mixture, which is then 
 to be evaporated to dryness by means of a water-bath, with 
 constant stirring. 
 
 Uses.— This salt is considerably used in photography for 
 "toning" prints, and for electroplating. In medicine it is 
 given as an alterative in doses of fa to % grain. 
 
 Other Salts of Gold. 
 
 The following Salts of Gold are sometimes directed or 
 ployed in pharmacy and medicine. 
 
 253. Bromide of Gold— AuBr 3 .— Made by dissolving gold in a mixture 
 of nitric and hydrobromic acids, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 254. Chloride of Gold— AuCl 3 .— By dissolving Gold 1 part in nitro- 
 hydrochloric acid 8 parts, concentrating and crystallizing. This salt is a 
 Trichloride of Gold. It is used in photography, etc., the official Chloride of 
 Gold and sodium is made by mixing equal parts of this with dry chloride 
 of sodium. Monochloride of Gold— AuCl — may be made by heating the 
 trichloride to about 440 F. until fumes of chlorine cease to be evolved. 
 
 255. Cyanide of Gold— AuCy 3 .— By adding a solution of Cyanide of 
 potassium to a solution of Chloride of Gold as long as a precipitate is formed, 
 washing and drying the precipitate. 
 
 256. Iodide of Gold— Aul 3 .— By gradually adding a solution of Chloride 
 of Gold to a solution of iodide of potassium, and drying the precipitate. 
 Used as an alterative ; dose about T V grain. 
 
 257. Oxides of Gold.— Gold forms with alkaline bases a monoxide Au 3 0, 
 and a trioxide Au 2 3 . Sometimes it is given as an alterative in doses of 
 
 tV to X A g rain - 
 
 258. Sulphide of Gold— Au 2 S 3 .— By passing a current of sulphuretted 
 hydrogen through a solution of Chloride of Gold in water, collecting and 
 washing the precipitate. 
 
 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 
 
 Balsams or Balms (Fr. Baumes), as they are known in phar- 
 macy, embrace a variety of natural and prepared substances 
 supposed to possess healing or soothing virtues. As popularly 
 known, they include not only the natural Balsams obtained 
 from balsam-bearing trees, but a variety of preparations rang- 
 
BALSAMS. 181 
 
 ing in consistence from tinctures to ointments, which have 
 derived the name of " Balsam " from properties claimed for 
 them by their originators. In this article we shall include only 
 the Balsams proper, and those prepared, which have by long 
 usage become most familiar as " Balsams," in a pharmaceutical 
 sense. Other Balsams will be found under other headings, 
 where they more properly belong, as Friar s Balsam (see Com- 
 pound Tincture of Benzoin), Turlington s Balsam (see Proprie- 
 tary Medicines), Cough Balsam (see Standard Remedies), etc. 
 
 In French Pharmacy a great number of preparations are 
 classed with Balsams which properly belong elsewhere. 
 
 True Natural Balsams. 
 
 The True Natural Balsams may be defined as oleo-resinous 
 substances, either semi-liquid, or semi-solid, or solid, obtained 
 from plants, and containing benzoic, cinnamic, or some anal- 
 agous acids. 
 
 Only seven substances are thus classed, and some of these 
 are not known commercially as Balsams. They are as follows : 
 
 259. Balsam of Calaba — Tacamahaca. — This is obtained from the 
 trunk, branches and leaves of Calophyllum Calaba, or Santa Maria tree. It 
 is a liquid, at first white, but soon becomes olive-green, and is sometimes 
 called Green Balsam. A similar Balsam is obtained from chloroxylon verti- 
 cillatum of Peru, which is popularly called Green Balsam (of Peru). They 
 contain benzoic acid. 
 
 260. Balsam of Peru. — A liquid balsam, obtained from Myroxylon 
 Pereira, containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, and some other allied 
 compounds. A solid or semi-solid variety is also imported, but not fre- 
 quently kept by druggists. 
 
 Uses. — Balsam of Peru is used as a stimulant to the mucous membrane, 
 and in stimulating ointments, etc. Also as a preservative for fats. 
 
 As found in the market, it is frequently adulterated with or entirely 
 fabricated from other substances. 
 
 261. Balsam of Tolu.— A Balsam obtained from Myroxylon Toluifera, 
 containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, volatile oils, called benzyl benzoaie, 
 C 7 H 5 (C 7 H 7 )Oj;, and benzyl cinnamate, Q v W~S£^-l)0», a terpene named 
 Tolene, C 10 H, „, and resins. It is a semi-liquid, as first obtained from the 
 trees, but concretes into a solid resinous mass by standing. 
 
 Uses.— It is much used in cough remedies as an agreeable aromatic, and 
 in the form of tincture and syrup is frequently prescribed. 
 
182 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 
 
 262. Benzoin, or Benjamin. — A solid Balsamic resin, obtained from 
 Styrax Benzoin, containing benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, a fragrant volatile 
 oil and resins. Vanillin is also found in some varieties. 
 
 Uses.— In pharmacy it is used as a preservative for fats and in making 
 several preparations, and in medicine as an aromatic stimulant and expecto- 
 rant. The dose is 10 to 15 grains. 
 
 Benzoyl — C 7 H 5 0. — This is the radical of an extensive series of aromatic 
 compounds which are derived directly or indirectly from Benzoin. 
 
 Benzoic Acid, HC-H-O a , is obtained from benzoin and other balsams by 
 sublimation, but is now mostly made artificially from coal-tar hydro-carbons. 
 It forms with bases a class of salts called Benzoates, now considerably used 
 in kidney diseases. It is stimulant, expectorant and antiseptic ; the usual 
 dose being from 5 to 10 grains in mucilage or syrup. 
 
 263. China Varnish Balsam. — An aromatic, varnish-like exudation, ob- 
 tained from Augia Sinensis, containing benzoic acid and other similar com- 
 pounds. It is used by the Chinese for preparing the varnish or lacquer so 
 celebrated in that country. 
 
 264. Styrax or Storax. — A Balsam prepared from the inner bark of 
 Liquidambar Orientalis, containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, Styracin, 
 C 9 H 7 (C 9 H 9 )0 2 , Storecin C 36 H5 8 3 , Ethyl Cinnamate C 9 H 7 (C 2 H 5 )0 2 , 
 Phenyl-propyl Cinnamate C 9 H 7 (C 9 H l7 )0 2 , Styrol C 8 H 8 , resins, etc. 
 
 It is a semi-liquid grayish-green Balsam, used in pharmacy in making com- 
 pound tincture of benzoin, and as a preservative for fats, etc. Also used in 
 perfumery. 
 
 265. Liquidambar, or Sweet Gum. — A balsamic exudation from Liquid- 
 ambar Styracifiua. The constituents and properties of this Balsam seem 
 to be identical with Storax, but it differs from it in being, as found in the 
 market, a resinous gum instead of a liquid. 
 
 Other Natural " Balsams." 
 
 The following natural exudates are commercially known as 
 Balsams, but pharmaceutical^ are classed with oleo-resins, 
 turpentines, resins, etc., under which headings they will be 
 more fully noticed. 
 
 Balsam Copaiba, Copaiba Balsam or Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Fir, Canada Balsam or Canada Turpentine. 
 
 Gurjun Balsam, or Wood Oil. 
 
 Hungarian Balsam. 
 
 Japan Varnish Balsam or Japan Lacquer, 
 
 Balsam of Mecca or Balm of Gilead. 
 
 Balsam Rackasira. 
 
 Balsam of Riga or Carpathina Balsam. 
 
 Turpentine Balsam, Turpentine Gum, or Gum Thus. 
 
BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 183 
 
 Factitious Balsams. 
 
 It is customary with dealers, for some purposes, to sup- 
 ply imitations of several of the more expensive Balsams. 
 The practice is not to be commended, but the formulae for 
 these fabrications may be interesting to our readers. 
 
 266. Factitious Canada Balsam. 
 
 White Resin, 4 pounds av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 1 gallon. 
 
 Linseed Oil 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 30 minins. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary 20 minims. 
 
 Dissolve the resin in the oil of turpentine and add the other oils. 
 
 267. Factitious Balsam Copaiba. 
 
 Benzoin, powdered, 4 ounces av. 
 
 White Resin, 3 pounds av. 
 
 Canada Balsam 2 pounds av. 
 
 Castor Oil, 1 gallon. 
 
 Oil of Juniper, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Savin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Orange, 30 minims. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 30 minims. 
 
 Melt the resin, add the benzoin and part of the Castor Oil, and mix well 
 together ; then add the remainder of the Castor Oil and the Canada Balsam, 
 and when nearly cool the remaining oils. Let settle and strain. 
 
 Diluted or Reduced Balsam Copaiba. — Balsam Copaiba is often sold 
 diluted with Castor Oil or Canada Balsam, or other similar substances. .Such 
 practice should be discountenanced, but the diluted article is, perhaps, better 
 than the factitious. 
 
 268. Factitious Balsam of Mecca or Balm of Gilead. 
 
 The true Mecca Balsam or Balm of Gilead is an oleo-resin, obtained from 
 the Balm-of-Gilead tree of the East, but the factitious Balsam is much more 
 frequently sold and used. It may be made as follows : 
 
 Benzoin, coarsely powdered 4 ounces. 
 
 Liquid Storax 3 ounces. 
 
 Balsam Tolu 2 ounces. 
 
 Canada Balsam, 30 ounces. 
 
 Mix together in a closed vessel and heat by water-bath with frequent agita- 
 ion until the substances are well incorporated. When cold pour off the clear 
 
184 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 
 
 portion from the sediment and add 10 minims each oils of Lemon, Cassia, 
 Nutmeg, Rosemary and Vanilla, 
 
 269. Factitious Balsam of Peru. 
 
 Benzoin, in coarse powder 12 ounces. 
 
 Balsam Tolu 4 ounces. 
 
 Liquid Storax, Vz ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix the Balsams with 2 pints of Alcohol and macerate by the heat of a water- 
 bath until the Balsams are dissolved as much as possible ; strain the liquid 
 while hot, and add sufficient Alcohol to the strained liquid to make 2 pints. 
 
 Diluted or Reduced Balsam of Peru.— This may be made by taking 
 Balsam of Peru 3 parts, Balsam of Tolu 2 parts, and Alcohol enough to 
 make a liquid of the proper consistence (about 2^ parts). 
 
 270. Factitious Balsam of Tolu. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu is frequently adulterated with resin or other similar sub- 
 stance, but is seldom made up entirely from foreign substances. An old 
 formula for making Factitious Balsam of Tolu is as follows : 
 
 Orange Shellac and White Sugar equal parts, Alcohol sufficient to soften 
 the Shellac, Tincture of Benzoin, Oil of Cassia, Oil of Nutmeg, and Tincture 
 of Vanilla sufficient to flavor ; warm and work them well together. 
 
 Balsamic Compounds. 
 
 The following compounds are those which may properly be 
 classed as Balsamic compounds pharmaceutically. They do 
 not include the ointments that are popularly known as " Bal- 
 sams," nor the proprietary preparations called "Balsams," nor 
 such tinctures or other preparations known as " Balsams," that 
 more properly come under other headings. 
 
 271. Balsam of Honey. 
 
 {Pectoral Balsam?) 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Honey, strained, 2 x / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Opium, in powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Turmeric, in powder, 30 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix, macerate for one week and filter. Used for coughs, 
 hoarseness, etc. Dose, 20 to 40 drops. 
 
JALSAMA — BALSAMS. 185 
 
 272. Balsam of Guaiacum. 
 
 Guaiac Resin, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Balsam of Peru, 90 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, I fl.ounce. 
 
 Mix, macerate for one week and strain. An old remedy for 
 rheumatism, ague, etc. Dose, 20 to 60 drops. 
 
 273. Green Balsam. 
 
 {Balsam Viride.) 
 Besides the natural Green Balsams previously mentioned, 
 the following is sometimes used : 
 
 Linseed Oil, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Elemi, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Verdigris, in powder, 3 drachms. 
 
 Heat the Oil and the Gum together, add the Verdigris, and 
 after standing a few days pour off the liquid. Used externally 
 as a stimulating application to indolent sores. 
 
 274. Goulard's Balsam. 
 
 Balsam Saturnine. 
 Acetate of Lead, dry, in powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, I pint. 
 
 Heat the Oil, and triturate the powder with it in a hot mor- 
 tar until cool, then pour off the clear portion. Used exter- 
 nally for sores, ulcers, etc. 
 
 275. Balsam of Metz. 
 
 Aloes, in fine powder, 120 grains. 
 
 Verdigris, " 180 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc," 90 grains. 
 
 Turpentine (Gum Thus), 2 tr.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Juniper, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Laurel Berries, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Olive Oil, ^y z fl. ounces. 
 
 Linseed ( )il 41/ fl. ounces. 
 
L86 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 
 
 Melt the Turpentine, add the oils, except the Juniper and 
 Cloves, stir in the powder, put in a bottle, and when cool add 
 the oil previously omitted, and shake well. This is used as a 
 dressing for ulcers, sores, etc. 
 
 276. Balsam of Sulphur. 
 
 [Sulphurated Oil.) 
 This preparation is known pharmaceutical^ as Sulphuratum 
 Oleum or Sulphurated Oil, but is more commonly known and 
 called for as Balsam of Sulphur. It is made as follows: 
 
 Sulphur, sublimed 3^ ounces. 
 
 Linseed Oil 21 ounces. 
 
 Put the Oil in a capacious iron kettle, add the Sulphur, and 
 boil gently, with continual stirring, until the Sulphur is entirely 
 dissolved and a uniform liquid is obtained. 
 
 This is used externally, and, in combination with other sub- 
 stances, is often prescribed for internal use. 
 
 277. Balsam of Turpentine. 
 
 Common Resin, 1 pound av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, I pint. 
 
 Melt the Resin, remove from the fire, and while cooling add 
 the Oil of Turpentine. This is sometimes sold as Peckham's 
 Balsam (see Proprietary Medicines). 
 
 278. Universal Balsam or Balm. 
 
 Benzoin, in powder 6 ounces. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu 3 ounces. 
 
 Storax, ... 2 ounces. 
 
 Olibanum (Frankincense), 2 ounces. 
 
 Myrrh, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Socotrine Aloes, in powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them well together, and keep in a warm place for sev- 
 eral weeks, or heat gently in a closed vessel by a water-bath 
 until the gums are dissolved, then strain or filter. 
 
 This is given internally in doses of 20 to 40 drops on sugar, 
 
187 
 
 or is used externally for cuts or wounds. It is similar to com- 
 pound Tincture of Benzoin. 
 
 BARIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Ba ; Atomic weight, 137; Sp. gr., 4.70. 
 
 Barium is a metallic element closely related to calcium and 
 magnesium. It is not found uncombined in nature but may 
 be obtained from its oxide baryta by heating it in an iron 
 tube through which the vaper of potassium is conveyed. 
 The reduced Barium is then extracted from the mixed 
 residuum in the tube by treating with mercury, and the 
 mercury is afterward driven off by distillation in a vapor of 
 mineral naphtha. 
 
 The metal was first isolated by Sir H. Davy, in 1808. It is 
 of a greenish silver-white lustre, malleable, decomposes water 
 and gradually oxidizes in the air, forming baryta or barytes, BaO. 
 
 Salts of Barium. 
 
 No Salts of Barium are official, but the chloride and nitrate 
 are used for making test solutions. In the industrial arts 
 several of the Salts of Barium are extensively employed. 
 Salts are formed with nearly all the acids, and negative ele- 
 ments. The following are the most important : 
 
 279. Barium Acetate — Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . — Made by neutralizing acetic 
 acid with carbonate of barium evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 280. Barium Arseniate — Ba s (As0 2 ) 2 . — By precipitating a solution of 
 arseniate of potassium with a solution of Chloride of Barium. Given in skin 
 diseases, in doses of -fc to % grain. 
 
 281. Barium Benzoate — Ba(C 7 H 5 2 ) 2 + 2H 2 0. — By neutralizing a 
 solution of benzoic acid with Carbonate of Barium, evaporating and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 282. Barium Bromide — BaBr 2 2H 2 0. — By saturating a solution of 
 caustic baryta with hydrobromic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 283. Barium Carbonate — BaC0 3 . — This is found abundantly in 
 Nature, the native carbonate being called Withcrite. This is sufficiently 
 pure for industrial and commercial purposes. It is used as the manufactur- 
 ing basis of most of the Barium Salts. It is very poisonous. May be 
 employed as a rat poison or for other similar purposes. It is also used in 
 
188 BARIUM. 
 
 face powders and liquid cosmetics, and is considerably used in place of car- 
 bonate of lead to adulterate paint. 
 
 284. Barium Cloride — BaCl 2 2H 2 0. — By dissolving Carbonate of Barium 
 in hydrochloric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. Used for making test 
 solution (see solutions), and in medicine as an alterative, in doses of % to 
 y z grain, also externally in solution. 
 
 285. Barium Chromate — BaCr0 4 . — By adding baryta water (solution 
 of Caustic Barium) to a solution of chromate of potassium, washing and 
 drying the precipitate. 
 
 286. Barium Hydrate — Ba(HO) 2 . — By digesting caustic baryta (Barium 
 Oxide ) with a little water, the elements of water are assimilated, yielding 
 Hydrate of Barium, or it may be crystallized from baryta water by evapora- 
 tion. Baryta Water is made by dissolving the hydrate thus formed in water 
 to saturation. 
 
 287. Barium Iodide — Ba 3 I. — By adding iodine gradually, in excess, to a 
 solution of Sulphate of Barium. When the reaction is finished filter the 
 solution, evaporate and crystallize. 
 
 288. Barium Nitrate — Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . — By decomposing a solution of 
 nitrate of sodium with a solution of Chloride of Barium, collecting the 
 precipitate, washing and drying. This is used for making a test solution. 
 (See solutions.) 
 
 289. Barium Oxalate — BaC 2 4 . — By precipitating a solution of Oxide 
 of Barium with a solution of oxalic acid, collecting, washing, and drying. 
 
 290. Barium Oxide — Baryta, Barytes, Caustic Baryta — BaO. — This is 
 a very caustic, corrosive, alkaline substance, which may be made by calcining 
 some of the Salts of Barium, or decomposing Solution of Sulphide of 
 Barium by oxide of zinc. Peroxide of Barium Ba0 2 is prepared by 
 passing a stream of oxygen or air through a tube, containing baryta heated 
 to dull redness. By treating with diluted hydrochloric acid it yields solution 
 of peroxide of hydrogen (H 2 2 ). 
 
 291. Barium Sulphate — BaS0 4 . — This is found native or may be pre- 
 pared by decomposing a solution of Chloride of Barium with sulphuric acid, 
 collecting the precipitate, washing, and drying. 
 
 Sulphide of Bar item — BaS — and Sulphite of Barium BaS0 3 , are other 
 compounds of sulphur and oxygen with Barium sometimes used. 
 
 Some of the Barium Salts are used in combination with 
 chlorides for making colored fires of a greenish color, or giving 
 a greenish color to flame. 
 
 Antidotes. — For poisoning by soluble Salts of Barium any 
 of the soluble sulphates in solution may be given, as Epsom 
 or Glauber's salt, alum, etc. They form insoluble Sulphate 
 of Barium. 
 
BENZINUM. BENZOLUM. 189 
 
 292. BENZINUM — BENZIN, U. S. 
 
 Petroleum Benzin, Petroleicm Ether. 
 
 "A purified distillate from American Petroleum, consisting 
 of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series (C 5 H 1S ; 
 C 6 H 14 and homologous compounds), having a sp. gr. from 
 0.670 to 0.675, and boiling at 50 to 6o° C. (122 to 140° F.)" 
 It is soluble in 6 parts of Alcohol. 
 
 The preparation thus described in the U. S. P. is obtained 
 by fractional distillation from Petroleum, and is known in the 
 market as "Naphtha." It is intermediate between gasoline 
 and benzine, and consists mainly of the hydrocarbons pentane 
 and hcxaue. Gasoline, which is of less sp. gr., is frequently 
 used in place of it for pharmaceutical purposes. It is quite 
 different from the benzene obtained from coal-tar, which is 
 more commonly known as benzol. 
 
 It is a powerful solvent of fixed oils, resins, caoutchouc, 
 paraffin, etc., and is used in pharmacy for extracting oleo- 
 resins, for removing fixed oils from certain drugs, previous to 
 percolation, for purifying some solutions and for other pur- 
 poses. Either alone or combined with other substances, it is 
 used for removing grease spots, etc., from clothing. 
 
 Benzine. — The hydrocarbon distilled from petroleum, and 
 known commercially as Benzine, is a heavier product than 
 Benzin as above described. Its sp. gr. being from 0.725 to 
 0.737. It is the last of the series of hydrocarbons which 
 distills before illuminating oil begins to be run. 
 
 It has a strong odor, and was formerly used considerably in 
 place of turpentine for painting and similar purposes. It 
 should not be confounded with Benzene, which is obtained 
 from coal-tar. 
 
 BENZOLUM BENZENE — BENZOL. 
 
 Hydride of Phenyl. 
 (HC fl H 5 )C fl H 6 . 
 This is the first member or basis of the important homolo- 
 gous series of hydrocarbons known as the Aromatic or Benzene 
 
19( ) B I NZOLU M — BENZENE — BENZOL. 
 
 Series (C„H 2 „_ 6 ). Its sp. gr. is 0.85 to 0.90, and it boils at 
 8o°4 to 85 C. (177 to 185 F.). It is chiefly derived from coal- 
 tar by distillation, but is also obtained from petroleum and 
 other hydrocarbons, and from benzoic acid, from which it 
 derives its name. It was first discovered by Faraday in 1825, 
 in the products of the destructive distillation of whale oil, and 
 afterward, by Mitscherlich, was obtained from benzoic acid, by 
 distilling with hydrate of lime. In 1849, Mr. C. B. Mansfield 
 discovered its presence in coal-tar naphtha, from which the 
 commercial Benzol is now chiefly obtained ; but recently its 
 manufacture from petroleum has assumed considerable com- 
 mercial importance. 
 
 In the arts the importance of Benzene cannot be overesti- 
 mated. It is the commercial basis of aniline, of nitrobenzol, 
 and of a great variety of products of chemistry and pharmacy 
 which, at the present time, are attracting much attention. For 
 further information on this subject, our readers are referred to 
 Fenner's Practical Chemistry. 
 
 Benzene or Benzol should not be mistaken for Benzine, which 
 is distilled from petroleum, as they are not identical in com- 
 position. 
 
 With other hydrocarbon bases Benzene forms a series of 
 compounds classed as the Aromatic or Benzene Series, the 
 more important of which are : 
 
 C e H e Benzene \ C 6 H 6 . 
 
 C 7 H 8 Toluene or Methylbenzene j C 6 H 5 (CH S ). 
 
 C 8 H 10 Xylene or Ethylbenzene (and other isomers) C 6 H 5 (C 3 H 5 ). 
 
 C 9 H 1S Propylbenzene (and other isomers) C 6 H 5 (C 3 H 7 ). 
 
 C 10 H 14 Isobutylbenzene (and other isomers) j C 6 H 5 .C 3 H 3 (CH 3 ) 2 . 
 
 C 1X H 16 Isoamylbenzene (and other isomers) ! C 6 H 5 .C 3 H 5 (CH 3 ) 2 . 
 
 etc. etc., etc. 
 
 The chief product of Benzene, in a commercial sense, is its 
 nitrate or nitrobenzol. 
 
 293. Nitrobenzol — C 6 H 5 N0 2 — Artificial Oil of Bitter Almonds is made 
 by adding Benzol in small portions to fuming nitric acid. A violent reaction 
 occurs, and a dark-red liquid results. Water is added, and an oily liquid 
 precipitates ; the water is poured off and the oily precipitate repeatedly 
 washed with fresh water. It is chiefly used for scenting soaps and for the 
 manufacture of aniline. It should never be used for flavoring medicinal 
 preparations. 
 
BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 191 
 
 BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 
 
 Symbol, Bi ; Atomic Weight, 210 (Dumas); sp. gr. 9.82. 
 
 Bismuth is a metallic element, classed, on account of its 
 analogies, with arsenic and antimony. It is found in nature 
 in a metallic state and combined with other metals and ores. 
 In appearance it closely resembles antimony. It is crystalline, 
 brittle, pulverizable, and has a reddish silver color. It melts at 
 264 C. (507 F.) and is readily obtained from its ores by fusion. 
 Upon solidifying after fusion it expands -^ of its volume. 
 
 Bismuth is used in the arts chiefly as an alloy with other 
 metals. In pharmacy it is used for the preparation of many 
 of its salts, which are employed in medicine, and also as ingre- 
 dients in toilet powders and liquid cosmetics. 
 
 The following are the chief alloys of Bismuth : 
 
 294. Fusible Metal. — With lead and tin Bismuth forms alloys known as 
 Fusible Metal, which have a very low melting point, the temperature required 
 to fuse them being less than of boiling water. Newton's Fusible Metal 
 consists of Bismuth 8 parts, lead 5 parts, and tin 3 parts. It fuses at 94°5 C. 
 (202 F.) Darcet's Fusible Metal consists of Bismuth 2 parts, lead 1 part, 
 tin 1 part. It fuses at 93 C. (i99°2 F.) Another combination of the three 
 metals liquefies at a still lower temperature. When Cadmium is added the 
 fusibility of these alloys is increased. Wood's Fusible Metal, which consists 
 of 1 to 2 parts of cadmium, 2 of tin, 2 of lead, and 7 to 8 parts of Bismuth, 
 melts between 66° and 71° C; and another described by Lipowitz, consisting 
 of 8 parts of lead, ) 5 of Bismuth, 4 of tin, and 3 of cadmium, softens at 55° 
 and liquefies at 6o° C. 
 
 These alloys are sometimes used as safety plugs for steam apparatus, but 
 are chiefly valuable in experiments. 
 
 295. Soft Solder for Mending Pewter and other ware, melting at a low 
 temperature, is made by melting together 1 part of Bismuth, 2 of tin and 1 
 of lead. This same composition is also used as a bath for tempering steel, 
 and for making the moulds for cakes of fancy soap, etc. 
 
 296. Electrotype Moulds.— An alloy for electrotype moulds may be 
 made with Bismuth 8 parts, lead .S and tin 3. It melts at 228 F., and is 
 allowed to cool until it becomes pasty, when the warmed cut, medal or other 
 device is pressed upon it and kept in contact until cool. 
 
 297. Bismuth Amalgam is formed by adding 2 parts of hot Mercury to 
 1 part of fused Bismuth. 
 
 I >ther alloys of Bismuth with silver, platinum, copper or other metals may 
 
 be made but they have no industrial application. 
 
L92 BISMUTHUM —BISMUTH. 
 
 298. Bismuthum Purificatum, Br. 
 
 Purified Bismuth. 
 
 Commercial metallic Bismuth contains many impurities 
 which render it unfit for use in making medicinal salts of Bis- 
 muth. The Br. P. therefore directs that it be purified as 
 follows : 
 
 Bismuth 10 ounces av. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Sulphur 80 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium recently ignited, ) of each a 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium recently ignited, ) sufficiency. 
 
 " Melt the Bismuth in a crucible, add the Cyanide of Potas- 
 sium and Sulphur previously mixed. Heat the whole to low 
 redness for about 15 minutes, constantly stirring. Remove 
 the crucible from the fire, and let it cool until the flux has 
 solidified to a crust. Pierce two holes in the crust aud pour 
 the still fluid bismuth into another crucible. Remelt this par- 
 tially purified bismuth with about five per cent, of a mixture 
 of equal parts of the dried carbonates of potassium and sodium, 
 heating to bright redness and constantly stirring. Remove 
 the crucible from the fire, cool and pour out the bismuth into 
 suitable moulds." Br. This process entirely frees it from 
 arsenic and other impurities, and fits it for use in making 
 medicinal salts. 
 
 Official Salts of Bismuth. 
 
 The following are the Salts of Bismuth which are official in 
 the leading pharmacopoeias. They are astringent and tonic, 
 and are also used internally and externally to prevent irritation 
 and cover irritated surfaces : 
 
 299. Bismuthi Carbonas, Br. 
 
 Carbonate of Bismuth — Oxycarbonate of Bismuth. 
 (Bi 2 2 C0 3 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
 The 1885 Br. P. gives the following formula for the prepara- 
 tion of this salt, which differs from the U. S. .^carbonate of 
 
BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 193 
 
 Bismuth only in containing one volume less of C0 3 in its 
 molecule : 
 
 Purified Bismuth in small pieces, ... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonium, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled water, a sufficiency. 
 
 " Mix the Nitric Acid with three ounces of distilled water 
 and add the bismuth in successive portions. When efferves- 
 cence has ceased, apply for ten minutes a temperature approach- 
 ing that of ebullition, and afterwards decant the solution from 
 any insoluble matter that may be present. Evaporate the 
 solution until it is reduced to two fi. ounces, and add this in 
 small quantities at a time to a cold filtered solution of the car- 
 bonate of ammonium in two pints of distilled water, contin- 
 ually stirring during admixture," collect the precipitate on a 
 calico filter, wash with distilled water, press and dry at a tem- 
 perature not exceeding i5o°F. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 300. Bismuthi Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs this to be made by boiling 10 parts of 
 subnitrate of bismuth and 7 parts of citric acid with 40 parts 
 of distilled water until a drop of the mixture yields a clear 
 solution with water of ammonia, and then adding 500 parts of 
 distilled water, allowing the suspended matter to deposit, 
 washing the precipitate with distilled water, and drying at a 
 gentle heat. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 51/ ounces av. of subnitrate of Bismuth 
 to be dissolved in i i fl. ounces (or a sufficiency) of nitric acid 
 by the aid of heat. Water is then added until the solution 
 remains permanently slightly cloudy; 8 ounces av. of bicar- 
 bonate of sodium is then dissolved in distilled water, 4 ounces 
 av. of citric acid is added, and the solution boiled until all the 
 gas is expelled. This solution is then added to the solution 
 
 of Bismuth, and the whole heated to boiling, with occasional 
 
194 BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 
 
 stirring. When cold the liquid is poured off and the precipi- 
 tate washed and dried over a water-bath. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is seldom employed in medicine, but in 
 pharmacy is used for preparing Citrate of Bismuth and Am- 
 monium, U. S. P. and solution of Bismuth and Ammonium. 
 Br. P. 
 
 301. Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs this to be made by mixing 10 parts of 
 Citrate of Bismuth with 20 parts of distilled water and gradu- 
 ally adding water of ammonia until the salt is dissolved and 
 the liquid has only a faintly alkaline reaction. The solution 
 is then to be filtered, evaporated to a syrupy consistence, and 
 spread upon plates of glass, so that in drying the salt may be 
 obtained in scales. 
 
 The Br. P. process is in effect the same, the official solution 
 of Citrate of Bismuth and ammonium being evaporated, etc., 
 as above. This is the only soluble Salt of Bismuth, and in 
 pharmacy is considerably used in making elixirs and other 
 preparations requiring Bismuth in solution. It is sometimes 
 prescribed in powders, etc., the dose being from I to 3 grains. 
 
 302. Bismuthi Oxidum, Br. 
 
 Oxide of Bismuth. 
 Bi 3 3 . 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce av. 
 
 Solution of Soda, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and boil for five minutes, then, having allowed the 
 mixture to cool and the oxide to subside, decant the super- 
 natant liquid, wash the precipitate thoroughly with distilled 
 water, and, finally, dry the oxide by the heat of a water-bath." 
 This salt is also known by the names Teroxide of Bismuth and 
 Protoxide of Bismuth, or Bismuthous Oxide. 
 
BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 195 
 
 Hydrated Oxide of Bismuth may be made by gradually 
 dropping an acid solution of Bismuthous Nitrate into a con- 
 centrated solution of potassium hydrate (solution of potassa), 
 entirely free from carbonic acid, and washing and drying the 
 precipitate. 
 
 Bismuthic Oxide or Anhydride — Bi 2 5 — {Bismuthic Acid) 
 is prepared by suspending Bismuthous Oxide in a strong solu- 
 tion of potassa and passing pure chlorine gas through the 
 mixture until it is decomposed. The powder is then treated 
 with nitric acid, washed with cold water and dried. 
 
 Uses. — Oxide of Bismuth has similar properties and uses 
 as the subnitrate. The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. 
 
 303. Bismuthi Subcarbonas, U. S. 
 
 Subcarbonatc of Bismuth. 
 (BiO) 2 .C0 3 .H 2 0. 
 The present U. S. P. gives no process for preparing this 
 salt, but it differs in composition from the Carbonate of Bis- 
 muth (299) only in containing one more volume of C0 3 in its 
 molecule. The process formerly official was to dissolve 2 
 tr.ounces of Bismuth in 43^ tr.ounces of nitric acid mixed with 
 
 4 fl. ounces of distilled water, and set aside for 24 hours ; the 
 solution was then diluted with 10 fl. ounces of distilled water, 
 and after 24 hours filtered ; 4 pints of distilled water were 
 then added to the filtrate and the solution precipitated with 
 
 5 fl. ounces of water of ammonia. The precipitate was then 
 to be washed and dissolved in 4 tr.ounces of nitric acid diluted 
 with 4 fl. ounces of distilled water and after 24 hours filtered ; 
 IO tr.ounces of carbonate of sodium are then to be dissolved 
 by heat in 12 (bounces of distilled water, and the solution 
 filtered and when cold the solution of Nitrate of Bismuth 
 gradually added to it with constant stirring. The mass is 
 then to I"- washed with distilled water until the washings are 
 tasteless, then dried on bibulous paper with gentle heat, and 
 
 rubbed to a powder. 
 
 Uses. — -Astringent and tonic, similar to the subnitrate. 
 I )ose 5 to 10 grains. 
 
196 BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 
 
 304. Bismuthi Subnitras. 
 
 Sub nit rate of Bismuth — Oxy nitrate of Bismuth. 
 BiON0 3 .H s O. 
 
 No process for making this salt is now given in the U.S. P., 
 but it may be made by the former official process, which is 
 the same as for making the Subcarbonate of Bismuth, except 
 that the solution of Acid Nitrate of Bismuth first made is 
 precipitated with the solution of carbonate of sodium, and the 
 second acid solution of Bismuth is precipitated with water of 
 ammonia. The Br. P. directs it to be made as follows: 
 Purified Bismuth, in small pieces, . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 " Mix the nitric acid with three ounces of distilled water, 
 and add the Bismuth in successive portions. When efferves- 
 cense has ceased, apply for ten minutes a temperature ap- 
 proaching that of ebullition and decant the solution from 
 an)- insoluble matter that may be present. Evaporate the 
 solution until it is reduced to two fl. ounces, and pour it into 
 half a gallon (80 fl. ounces) of distilled water. When the 
 precipitate which forms has subsided, decant the supernatant 
 liquid. Wash the precipitate, press and dry it at a tempera- 
 ture not exceeding i5o°F. 
 
 Uses. — Subnitrate of Bismuth is used in pharmacy as the 
 basis of many of the other Bismuth salts and for making 
 various preparations. In medicine it is extensively employed 
 as an astringent, tonic, and sedative. Dose, from 2 to 10 grains. 
 
 Other Salts of Bismuth. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official Salts of Bismuth, the following 
 arc sometimes used : 
 
 305. Bromide of Bismuth— BiBr 3 . — Made by adding bromine in 
 excess to Metallic Bismuth, and when their combination is complete, 
 collecting the steel-gray mass. 
 
 306. Basic Chloride of Bismuth — Bi s Cl 3 . Made by dropping hydro- 
 chloric acid into a solution of Nitrate of Bismuth, collecting, washing and 
 drying the precipitate. This is known as Subchlcride of Bismuth or Pearl 
 Powder, and is considerably used in face powders and liquid cosmetics. 
 
BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. BORON. 197 
 
 307. Oxychloride of Bismuth — BiOCl. — By pouring a solution of 
 Bismuth in nitric acid into a solution of chloride of sodium, collecting the 
 precipitate, washing and drying. 
 
 308. Terchloride of Bismuth — B i C 1 3 . — By mixing 2 parts of powdered 
 bichloride of mercury with 1 part of powdered Bismuth, and heating until 
 the mercury is driven off. 
 
 309. Chromate of Bismuth — 3 Bi 2 3 2CrO . — By adding a solution of 
 Nitrate of Bismuth to a moderately concentrated solution of bichromate of 
 potassium in slight excess, and collecting the precipitate. 
 
 310. Lactate of Bismuth. — By mixing the freshly precipitated moist 
 Oxide of Bismuth, prepared from 10 parts of Subnitrate of Bismuth, by 
 boiling with excess of solution of soda, with 9 parts of lactic acid, and 
 drying the mass on a water-bath. 
 
 311. Oxalate of Bismuth — CgBigOi 2 .I5H 3 0. — By mixing Nitrate of 
 Bismuth with a solution of oxalic acid, and collecting the precipitate. 
 
 312. Nitrate of Bismuth— Bi(N0 3 ) 3 — Ter- or Tris-Nitrate of Bis- 
 mut/i. — Made by dissolving Bismuth in sufficient nitric acid to effect its 
 solution, adding to the solution half its volume of distilled water, filtering 
 through glass-wool, evaporating and crystallizing. This is used for making 
 some other Salts of Bismuth and for hair dye, etc. 
 
 313. Salicylate of Bismuth. — By dissolving Nitrate of Bismuth in 
 glycerin, and adding to it a concentrated solution of salicylate of sodium, 
 then collecting the precipitate. 
 
 314. Tannate of Bismuth. — By dissolving 22 parts Nitrate of Bismuth 
 in the least requisite quantity of nitric acid diluted with half its weight of 
 water, pouring the solution into an excess of solution of soda, collecting the 
 precipitate, washing and triturating the moist precipitate with 10 parts 
 tannin, rubbed with water, straining and drying. 
 
 315. Tartrate of Bismuth.— By adding a hot, concentrated solution of 
 tartaric acid to a solution of Oxide of Bismuth in nitric acid, and washing 
 the precipitate with an aqueous solution of tartaric acid. 
 
 316. Valerianate of Bismuth.— By dissolving Nitrate of Bismuth in the 
 least requisite quantity of nitric acid, diluted with half its weight of water, 
 then adding a concentrated solution of valerianate of sodium, washing the 
 precipitate with water mixed with valerianic acid, and drying by gentle heat. 
 
 BORON. 
 
 Symbol, B; Atomic weight, i I ; sp. gr. 2.6s. 
 
 The element Boron is always found in nature associated with 
 >ther substances, either as boric acid or a salt ol boric acid. 
 
198 BORON. 
 
 Chemists have succeeded in obtaining an amorphous modifi- 
 cation of Boron by heating boric anhydride, B 2 3 , with 
 sodium, which decomposes it. The sodium salt is then washed 
 out, leaving a dark, brown powder. A crystalline modification 
 is made by reducing the anhydride or oxide (B 2 3 ) by the aid 
 of aluminium at a very high temperature; then allowing to 
 cool. The crystals thus produced are brownish, having a luster, 
 refracting power and hardness nearly equal to the diamond ; 
 and are only slightly oxidized at the temperature at which 
 diamond burns. In many respects Boron resembles carbon 
 and silicon, and is therefore classed with them, chemically. 
 
 But few Boron compounds are used in pharmacy, only two 
 being official, viz. : Boric Acid and Borax or Borate of Sodium. 
 
 317. Acidum Boricum. 
 
 Boric Acid — (Boracic Acid). 
 H3BO3. 
 
 Boric Acid is produced by decomposing Borax with sulphuric 
 or hydrochloric acid. 2 parts of borax are dissolved in 8 parts 
 of boiling water, and sulphuric acid added until the solution 
 is distinctly acid. This requires about 1 part of the acid. As 
 the solution cools, crystals of Boric Acid are deposited, which 
 may be collected and washed on a filter with a little cold water. 
 The crystals may be further purified by dissolving in boiling 
 water and recrystallizing. It combines with some bases, form- 
 ing Borates, and unites with other acids to form Boro-com- 
 pound salts, as Boro-tartrate of Potassium, etc. 
 
 Metaboric Acid — HB0 3 — is prepared by heating Boric Acid 
 to 38 C. (106 F.). 
 
 Pyroboric Acid — H 2 B 4 0, — is made by heating Boric Acid 
 for a long time to 6o° C. (140 F.). 
 
 Uses. — Boric Acid has remarkable antiseptic and preservative 
 virtues, and is now much employed in solution and in powder 
 as an antiseptic, both externally and internally. It is also 
 used as a preservative of solutions, juices, fruits, meats, foods, 
 etc., 1 per cent, being generally sufficient for the purpose. 
 Alcoholic solution of Boric Acid burns with a green flame. 
 
BORON. 199 
 
 318. Boro-glyceride. 
 
 When heated with glycerin for a long time, Boric Acid parts 
 with the elements of water and combines with the glycerin to 
 form a new substance. It is made as follows : 
 
 Boric Acid, in fine powder 62 parts. 
 
 Glycerin (by weight), 92 parts. 
 
 Heat the glycerin and gradually add the Boric Acid, con- 
 tinuing the heat until it no longer gives off vapor or loses 
 weight, and until it will readily dissolve in water at ordinary 
 temperature. The operation requires 10 to 12 hours to com- 
 plete. In the earlier part of the process steam is given off 
 freely from the water, which is set free, being vaporized; later 
 it escapes more slowly owing to the viscidity of the melted 
 mass. 
 
 The completed product when cool is a brittle and trans- 
 parent solid of a light amber color and a shining fracture. It 
 dissolves freely in warm water and in 5 parts of alcohol at 
 120° F. 
 
 Uses. — Boro-glyceride is an antiseptic, astringent, and mild 
 escharotic. In solution it is used as a surgical dressing and 
 injection for removing diseased mucous secretions and pro- 
 moting healthy action. 
 
 319. Sodii Boras. 
 
 Borate or Biborate of Sodium — Borax. 
 
 Na 2 B 4 7 .ioH 2 0. 
 
 Borax is an alkaline salt found native in California, where 
 immense deposits of it exist in the basins of evaporated lakes 
 and pools. It is also obtained from Thibet, Persia, and other 
 localities, and it may be made by combining Boric Acid with 
 Soda. 
 
 Uses. In the industrial arts Borax is extensively employed 
 
 for mail}' purposes. It is used for washing and making some 
 kinds of soap; as a flux, for refining metals and for welding, 
 etc. In medicine it is used as an antacid and diuretic, and as 
 
200 BROMUM — BROMINE. 
 
 a soothing and healing wash for sores, especially for sore 
 mouth. Its solution is used in pharmacy for saponifying fixed 
 oils, whitening ointments, and for many purposes requiring a 
 mild alkali. 
 
 BROMUM — BROMINE. 
 
 Symbol, Br. ; Atomic Weight, 79.8 ; sp. gr. 2.96. 
 
 The element Bromine is a dense, dark-red, volatile liquid, 
 boiling at 145.4 F. Its vapor is very irritating. It was dis- 
 covered in 1826 by M. Balard, and on account of its analogies 
 is chemically classed with chlorine and iodine. It is chiefly 
 obtained from the mother liquor or bittern remaining after the 
 crystallization of salt in salt-works. It combines energetically 
 with other elements, forming salts called Bromides, many of 
 which are extensively used in medicine. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy Bromine is used for making bromides, 
 hydrobromic and phosphoric acids, and other preparations. In 
 medicine it is seldom used internally, but its solution is some- 
 times employed as a cleansing or caustic wash, or as a gargle 
 for diphtheria, etc. 
 
 Like chlorine, it possesses wonderful bleaching properties, 
 and is sometimes used for that purpose. 
 
 The salts formed with Bromine and Bases are noticed under 
 the bases with which the combinations are formed. The 
 following are preparations of Bromine not otherwise classified : 
 
 320. Bromal — C 2 Br 3 HO. — This is an aldehyd derivative, prepared by 
 the action of Bromine on ethyl alcohol. It is a colorless oily liquid, having 
 S P- S r - 3'34. and boiling above 212° F. It is very irritating, therefore its use 
 as a hypnotic or anaesthetic does not meet with favor. Combined with the 
 elements of water, it forms a hydrate known as Bromal Hydrate, similar 
 in appearance and uses to hydrate of chloral, but quite expensive and seldom 
 used. 
 
 321. Bromoform — CHBr 3 . — This is a colorless volatile liquid, obtained 
 by distilling alcohol combined with bromide of calcium. Its sp. gr. is 2.90, 
 and it boils at 305.6 F. It is similar in properties and uses to chloroform, 
 but is much more irritating, therefore is not much used medicinally. 
 
 322. Bromic Acid — HBr0 3 . — Made by decomposing bromate of barium 
 with sulphuric acid, filtering the liquid from the precipitate and evaporating. 
 
BUTYL OR TETRYL. 201 
 
 Bromates are salts formed by the combination of this acid with bases. This 
 should not be confounded with Hydrobromic Acid, HBr, which is a gas, the 
 solution of which is official. (See page 59.) 
 
 Some other combinations of Bromine are made, as Chloride of Bromine, 
 Iodide of Bromi?ie, Bromacetic Acid, and other compounds with acids, but 
 are seldom employed in pharmacy. 
 
 BUTYL OR TETRYL. 
 
 C 4 H 9 . 
 
 Butyl is a gaseous radical — the fourth member of the hom- 
 ologous series, C„H 2 „ +1 , known as the alcohol radicals. It is 
 known in pharmacy only in its compounds, as butyric ether, 
 butyric acid, etc. Commercially, its alcohol, ether or acid 
 are obtained from amylic alcohol, rancid butter or cheese, etc. 
 Its name is derived from butyrum (butter), from which it was 
 first obtained. 
 
 Its compounds with amyl and ethyl alcohols are considerably 
 used in the manufacture of artificial fruit flavors — the buty- 
 rate of ethyl, or butyric ether, being known as pineapple oil. 
 Butyric acid combines with bases to form salts called Butyrates. 
 
 The following are the principal combinations of Butyl 
 employed in pharmacy, and not elsewhere classified : 
 
 323. Butyl-Chloral — C 4 H r> CI. ,0. — Made by passing dry chlorine gas 
 into aldehyd, which forms Chloral and Butyl-chloral, the latter being a dense, 
 oily liquid of strong odor, which, by shaking with an excess of warm water, 
 dissolves, and upon cooling deposits Butyl Chloral-hydrate, formerly called 
 Croton Chloral-hydrate. Butyl Chloral-hydrate is employed for the same 
 purposes as Chloral-hydrate, but in considerably smaller doses. 
 
 324. Butyric Acid— HC., 1 1 7 2 . — This is present in rancid butter and 
 cheese, which derive from it their peculiar odor. It is also obtained by the 
 oxidation of butylic alcohol, C 4 H 9 HO, which is usually found in crude 
 amylic alcohol or fousel oil ; and also in coal-tar. Butyric acid unites with 
 organic radicals and metallic bases, forming Butyrates. 
 
 325. Butyrate of Amyl — ( _'- 1 1 , , C. l H 7 O s . — Made by heating together 
 Butyric Acid, Sulphuric Acid and Amylic Alcohol, separating, distilling and 
 purifying. 
 
 326. Butyrate of Ethyl — C..II ,< ,ll ; <>.,. By heating together Butyric 
 Acid, Sulphuric Arid and Alcohol, separating, distilling and purifying. This 
 is known commercially as Butyric Ether, 
 
202 BUTYRUM. BUTTERINE. 
 
 327. Butyrum. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 In pharmacy fresh unsaltcd Butter is frequently used as a 
 base for ointments, and although not official, it may often be 
 advantageously employed. It consists of about 30 per cent, 
 of olein, 68 per cent, of palmitin and stearin, and glycerides 
 of butyric and other fatty acids. The process of making 
 butter from cream by agitation is too well known to require 
 description. 
 
 In medicine Butter may be given as a food in place of cod 
 liver oil. Medicines may be combined with it, or it may be 
 made into an emulsion or jelly. 
 
 328. Butyrin.— By heating clarified Butter in a porcelain vessel for several 
 days to 66° C, separating the oily portion, mixing it with an equal weight of 
 alcohol and agitating it frequently for 24 hours, then pouring off the oily 
 portion, evaporating it, treating the oily residuum with a little carbonate of 
 magnesium, to remove free acid, separating, heating the remaining fatty 
 matter in alcohol, filtering and evaporating. This is the chief neutral prin- 
 ciple of Butter, and corresponds with Olein obtained from some other fats. 
 
 329. Butterine. 
 
 A rtificial Butter — Oleomargarine. 
 
 Although the manufacture of Butterine does not come 
 within the province of the pharmacist, yet an outline of the 
 process by which it is made may be of interest. Beef fat or 
 suet is washed, cut up and melted at from 122 to 124 F. 
 The liquid fat is drawn off, allowed to settle, strained or filtered, 
 and kept at a temperature of' from 8o° to 90 F., until the 
 stearine and palmatine mostly crystallize out. They are then 
 separated from the liquid portion and pressed by hydraulic 
 pressure in a room heated to about the same temperature (8o° 
 to 90 F.). The portion that remains liquid at this tempera- 
 ture consists of Oleomargarine. It becomes solid when cool. 
 
 To make it into Butterine, it is churned while warm with 
 milk (80 pounds of milk to 500 pounds of oil), and colored the 
 desired shade, then run from the churn into a trough, where 
 it is suddenly chilled by mixing it thoroughly with pounded 
 
CADMIUM. 203 
 
 ice, thereby preventing it from crystallizing. It is then salted 
 and worked like butter, and flavored usually with a little 
 extract of tonka-bean to give it the odor of new-mown hay. 
 Its uses are similar to butter. 
 
 CADMIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Cd ; Atomic weight, 112 ; sp. gr., 8.7. 
 
 Cadmium is a metallic element of a bluish-white color, 
 resembling zinc, with which it is found associated in the ores, 
 from which zinc is obtained. In distilling zinc containing 
 cadmium, its vapor is lighter and passes over first. It is very 
 malleable and ductile, and though it is similar to tin in general 
 characteristics, it is harder and more tenacious. When heated 
 to about 8o° C, it becomes very brittle, and may readily be 
 powdered. Added to some other metals, in small proportions, it 
 makes very fusible alloys (see page 191). Heated with oxygen, 
 it forms an oxide, CdO. It combines with chlorine, iodine, 
 bromine, and sulphur, forming salts, which are used in pho- 
 tography and as pigments. 
 
 The following are the principal Salts of Cadmium : 
 
 330. Bromide of Cadmium — CdBr 2 . — By adding a solution of bromide 
 of potassium to a solution of sulphate of Cadmium, double decomposition 
 occurs, sulphate of potassium being precipitated, and the solution of bromide 
 of Cadmium poured off, concentrated and crystallized. Used in photog- 
 raphy. 
 
 331. Carbonate of Cadmium — CdC< ),,. — By adding a solution of Nitrate 
 of Cadmium to a solution of carbonate of sodium, collecting the precipitate, 
 washing and drying. 
 
 332. Chloride of Cadmium — CdCl 2 . — By dissolving carbonate of Cad- 
 mium in dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 333. Iodide of Cadmium — Cd I ... — By double decomposition between 
 iodide of potassium and sulphate of Cadmium, the same as in making bro- 
 mide of calcium, 'This is used for sensitizing photographic plates. It is also 
 used in medicine as an alterative. 
 
 334. Nitrate of Cadmium — cd. \< • .. ■ By dissolving metallic Cadmium 
 
 in nitric acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
•204 < .KSHM. CALCIUM. 
 
 335. Oxide of Cadmium — CdO. — By igniting the nitrate or carbonate. 
 A suboxide of Cadmium, Cd g O, is also known. 
 
 336. Sulphate of Cadmium — CdSO^Hj >. — By treating carbonate or 
 oxide of Cadmium with diluted sulphuric acid. 
 
 337. Sulphide of Cadmium — CdS. — By passing a current of hydrosul- 
 phuric acid through a solution of chloride of Cadmium. This is a brilliant 
 yellow pigment. 
 
 CESIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Cs; Atomic weight, 132.7. 
 
 The element Caesium is closely related to potassium and the 
 other metals of the alkalies. It has not yet been isolated, but 
 an amalgam has been obtained by submitting its chloride to 
 electrolysis, employing a globule of mercury as the negative 
 electrode. It is the most electro-positive metal known. Its 
 chloride is the only salt which has been described, or which is 
 known to pharmacy, and this is only interesting as a rare and 
 expensive chemical. 
 
 CALCIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Ca ; Atomic weight, 40; sp. gr., 1.57. 
 
 Calcium is a strongly positive element, occurring abundantly 
 in nature as carbonate, phosphate, silicate, chloride, etc.; its 
 compounds forming a large proportion of the crust of the 
 earth. Its oxide is Calx or lime, and the salts of Calcium are 
 generally, though improperly, called salts of lime. 
 
 The metal Calcium was first obtained from lime by Sir H. 
 Davy, in 1808. It is classed with barium, strontium and mag- 
 nesium. It is of a light-yellow color, rather harder than lead, 
 very malleable, ductile, and melts at about 500 C. Its salts 
 are very extensively used in the arts and industries, and are 
 considerably employed in pharmacy and medicine. The salts 
 of Calcium in solution give a white precipitate with carbonate 
 of ammonium, and, if concentrated, with sulphuric acid also. 
 
CALCIUM. 205 
 
 The following are the official salts of Calcium : 
 
 338. Calcii Bromidum, U. S. 
 
 Bromide of Calcium. 
 
 CaBr 2 . 
 
 Hydrobromic acid, any convenient quantity. 
 Precipitated chalk (calcium carbonate), a sufficiency. 
 
 Add the precipitated chalk to the hydrobromic acid, a little 
 at a time, until a portion remains undissolved after standing 
 a few hours, then filter and evaporate the solution to dryness, 
 stirring while drying to granulate the salt. 
 
 Uses. — Bromide of Calcium is used as a hypnotic, and for 
 nervous irritability, in doses of 20 to 60 grains. 
 
 339. Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium — Precipitated CJialk. 
 
 CaC0 3 . 
 
 The U. S. P. does not give a process for making this salt, 
 but the Br. P. directs as follows : 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 13 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Dissolve the Chloride of Calcium and Carbonate of Sodium 
 each in two pints of the water. Well mix the two solutions, and 
 allow the precipitate to subside, collect on a calico filter, and 
 wash it with boiling distilled water until the washings cease to 
 give a precipitate with nitrate of silver, and dry the product 
 at the temperature of boiling water, 2 I 2° F. 
 
 Uses. — This powder is more commonly known as English 
 precipitated chalk, and is much used in tooth powders, toilet 
 powders, etc. It is also used ill medicine in the form of pow- 
 ders, troches, etc., and is frequently employed for making 
 chalk mixture, but is not considered so good for that purpose 
 as prepared chalk. The dose is 10 to 30 grains or more. 
 
206 CALCIUM. 
 
 340. Creta Prasparata. 
 
 Prepared Chalk, Prepared Carbonate of Calcium. 
 
 Although this substance is not classed in the pharmacopoeias 
 under the heading Calcium, it properly belongs there, as it is 
 " native, friable. Carbonate of Calcium, CaCOjj, freed from most 
 of its impurities by elutriation." This is prepared from common 
 chalk, which is native, friable, Carbonate of Calcium, by rub- 
 bing it with a little water into fine powder, then transferring 
 it to a large vessel nearly full of water, stirring thoroughly, 
 and, after a moment, while the supernatant liquor is still 
 turbid, pouring it off into another vessel. The coarser particles 
 of chalk, which remain in the first vessel, are then treated 
 again with water in the same manner, the liquid poured off 
 and added to the portion formerly decanted. The suspended 
 chalk is now allowed to subside, the water poured off, and the 
 powder dried or made into little cones or "drops" by running 
 through a paint mill. 
 
 Uses. — Prepared chalk is an antacid, used medicinally almost 
 altogether when Carbonate of Calcium is indicated. It is given 
 in diarrhoea, acid stomach, etc. Also used in making toilet 
 powders. Dose, 10 to 30 grains or more. 
 
 Whiting is a cheap prepared chalk used for whitening walls, 
 polishing, etc. 
 
 341. Calcii Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium. 
 
 CaCl 2 . 
 
 Chloride of Calcium may be prepared by neutralizing hydro- 
 chloric acid with chalk or marble, adding a little solution of 
 chlorinated lime and slacked lime to the solution, filtering, 
 evaporating the filtrate to dryness, and then heating to red- 
 ness. The fused salt thus prepared is used to dry gases, and 
 in pharmacy as the basis of some other calcium salts. A solu- 
 tion made with it is official in the Br. P. This salt should not 
 be mistaken for chlorinated lime, which is more frequently 
 called " chloride of lime." 
 
CALCIUM. 207 
 
 342. Calcii Hypophosphis. 
 
 HypophospJiite of Calcium {Lime). 
 
 Ca(PH 2 2 ) 2 . 
 
 This salt is most conveniently prepared by heating two 
 parts of Hydrate of Calcium (slacked lime) with 1 part of 
 phosphorus and 10 parts of water, until phosphuretted 
 hydrogen gas ceases to be evolved, then filtering the liquid to 
 separate insoluble matter, concentrating the filtrate by evap- 
 oration, refiltering, evaporating again until a pellicle appears 
 on the surface ; then setting aside to crystallize or continuing 
 the heat, and stirring to granulate. In conducting this pro- 
 cess it is necessary to provide for the escape of the gas, which 
 is inflammable, by means of a hood adjusted over the vessel 
 in which the mixture is heated. The evaporation should also 
 be at a low temperature, not over 185 F. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this salt is used for preparing other 
 hypophosphites and hypophosphorous acid ; in syrups, etc. In 
 medicine it is employed in wasting diseases, coughs, defective 
 nutrition, nervous anemia, etc. The dose is from 5 to 30 grains, 
 usually given in the form of syrup, solution or emulsion. 
 
 343. Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus. 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium {Lime). 
 Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 . 
 
 Bone Ash, powdered 4 tr.ounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 8 tr.ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s. or . . . .12 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Macerate tin- Hone- Ash in the hydrochloric acid, diluted with 
 a pint of distilled water until it is dissolved, and filter the solu- 
 tion. Add a pint of distilled water through the filter, and 
 then gradually add water of ammonia until the liquid shows 
 an alkaline reaction. Mix the magma (precipitate) with twice 
 its bulk of boiling distilled water, and pour the- whole upon a 
 
208 CALCIUM. 
 
 calico strainer. Wash the precipitate on the strainer with 
 boiling distilled water until the washings cease to give a cloud- 
 iness with solution of nitrate of silver acidulated with nitric 
 acid ; and, lastly, dry by gentle heat. 
 
 Uses. — Precipitated phosphate of Calcium, or Phosphate of 
 Lime as it is generally called, is used for preparing solutions 
 of phosphates and lacto-phosphates compound, and many 
 other preparations used in pharmacy ; also in making medi- 
 cated waters. In medicine it is employed as an antacid, osseous, 
 nutritive, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 344. Calx. 
 
 Lime — Oxide of Calcium. 
 
 Lime is made by calcining or " burning" lime-stone, marble, 
 or chalk, thus expelling the carbonic acid gas. It is an alka- 
 line earth, much employed for building and other useful pur- 
 poses, and in pharmacy is extensively used in making many 
 galenicals. In medicine it is sometime employed as an eschar- 
 otic, and its solution (lime-water) is extensively prescribed and 
 used both internally and externally. 
 
 345. Calcii Hydras. 
 
 Hydrate of Lime — Slacked Lime. 
 
 This is so common a preparation that it scarcely needs a 
 formula, but it may not be out of place to give the Br. official 
 directions for making it : 
 
 Lime, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Place the Lime in a metal pot, pour the water upon it, and 
 when vapor ceases to be disengaged cover the pot with its lid 
 and set it aside to cool. When cool, pass through a sieve and 
 keep in well-stopped bottles excluded from the air. Slacked 
 Lime is used to prepare Liquor Calcis, or Lime Water, and 
 Syrupus Calcis, or Syrup of Lime. 
 
CALCIUM. 209 
 
 346. Calx Chlorata, U. S., Calx Chlorinata, Br. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime — {Chloride of Lime). 
 
 This preparation is made by exposing slacked lime to the 
 action of chlorine so long as the gas is absorbed. It is exten- 
 sively used for bleaching and disinfecting, and is familiarly 
 known as Bleaching Powder. 
 
 Freshly prepared Chloride of Lime contains from 30 to 35 
 per cent, of Chlorine, but loses most of it by age or exposure. 
 
 In pharmacy it is used for making several preparations, and 
 is much employed as a cheap deodorizer and disinfectant. 
 Chlorinated Lime should not be mistaken for Chloride of Cal- 
 cium, which is a true calcium salt. 
 
 347. Calcii Sulphurata. 
 
 Sulphurated Lime — Sulphide of Calcium. 
 
 The U. S. P. defines this as " a mixture consisting chiefly of 
 Sulphide of Calcium (CaS) and Sulphate of Calcium (CaS0 4 ) 
 in varying proportions, but containing not less than 36 per 
 cent, of absolute Sulphide of Calcium." The Br. P. describes 
 it as " a mixture containing not less than 50 per cent, of Sul- 
 phide of Calcium." 
 
 As the processes for making it vary considerably, and are 
 not expedient, except for manufacturing chemists, they are not 
 here repeated. 
 
 Uses. — This substance is used as a depilatory, and some- 
 times in ointments. It is also given internally for skin diseases 
 and as an alterative, in doses of ^ to 1 grain. 
 
 Other Calcium Salts. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official salts of Calcium, several unoffi- 
 cial salts are sometimes used : 
 
 348. Fluoride of Calcium— CaFj,. — This salt occurs native, and is 
 known as Fluor-Spar. It may also be prepared by acting upon lime with 
 hydrofluoric acid. 
 
210 CARBONIUM — CARBON. 
 
 349. Iodate of Calcium — Ca2l0 3 .6H,0. — By gradually adding a filtered 
 solution of chlorinated lime to an alcoholic solution of iodine, and when the 
 solution is colorless, acidulating with a little hydrochloric acid, boiling, filter- 
 ing, and crystallizing. 
 
 350. Iodide of Calcium — Cal 2 . — By dissolving slacked lime in hydriodic 
 acid, until neutralized, then concentrating and crystallizing. This salt is con- 
 siderably used as an alterative, in doses of }i to 2 grains. 
 
 351. Sulphides of Calcium. — With sulphur, Calcium forms several sul- 
 phides, as follows : Sulphide of Calcium — CaS. — Made by exposing Sul- 
 phate of Calcium at a high temperature to a current of hydrogen gas. 
 Bisulphide of Calcium — CaS 3 . — By boiling slaked lime and sulphur, equal 
 parts, in water until a solution is obtained, filtering, concentrating and crystal- 
 lizing. Pentasulphide of Calcium — CaS 5 . — By using double the quantity 
 of sulphur as for the former, and continuing the boiling longer. Oxysulphide 
 of Calcium. — By mixing 1 part of sulphur with 3 parts of slaked lime and 5 
 parts of water, and boiling until a portion dropped upon a cold slab will 
 solidify. 
 
 352. Sulphate of Calcium — CaS0 4 .2H 2 0. — This is found abundantly 
 in nature, and is known as, gypsum. When calcined 2H 3 is driven off, and 
 when ground this is known as calcined plaster, Plaster of Paris, or Dentists' 
 
 plaster. 
 
 353. Sulphide of Calcium — CaS0 3 . — By mixing concentrated solutions 
 of sulphide of sodium and chloride of calcium, and collecting, washing and 
 drying the precipitate. 
 
 This preparation has had a large sale formerly under the name Sulphite of 
 Lime, as a preservative for cider. 
 
 CARBONIUM — CARBON. 
 
 Symbol, C ; Atomic weight, 12. 
 
 Carbon is one of the most important and widely distributed 
 elements. It exists in nature in a great variety of forms, differ- 
 ing widely in appearance and characteristics. The diamond 
 and graphite are familiar forms of crystallized carbon ; lamp- 
 black and wood charcoal are forms of impure amorphous 
 carbon. It is a constituent of all animal and vegetable sub- 
 stances, and has therefore been called the " Organic element." 
 It is present in all alkaloids and neutral principles of plants, 
 and its compounds include the greater part of the substances 
 most valuable in pharmacy and medicine. 
 
CARBOXIUM — CARBON. 211 
 
 354. Carbo Animalis. 
 
 Animal Cliarcoal. 
 
 Animal Charcoal is known commercially as ivory-black or 
 bone-black, and is prepared in a large way by first boiling bones 
 in water to free them from fat and adhering particles, and then 
 subjecting them to destructive distillation in iron cylinders, 
 by which process they are deprived of their volatile portions, 
 as ammoniacal liquor, or bone spirit and tar, or bone oil, and 
 become charred, consisting mainly of carbon and calcium salts. 
 
 Uses. — Animal charcoal is extensively used for decolorizing 
 substances by filtering them through it, especially for refining 
 sugar, making petrolatum, etc. ; also for making blacking for 
 shoes and as a pigment. For pharmaceutical use, purified 
 animal charcoal should be used. 
 
 355. Carbo Animalis Purificatus. 
 
 Purified Animal Charcoal. 
 
 Animal Charcoal, .... 2 parts or 8 ounces av. 
 Hydrochloric Acid, ... 3 parts or 10 fl. ounces. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pour the hydrochloric acid, previously mixed with 4 pints 
 of water, upon the animal charcoal and digest the mixture on 
 a water-bath for 24 hours, occasionally stirring (this is for 
 the purpose of dissolving the calcium salts which are present); 
 then pour off the supernatant liquid and digest the undissolved 
 portion with 4 pints of water for two hours, transfer the mix- 
 ture to a strainer, and when the liquid portion has run off, 
 wash tile residue with water until the washings give no cloud 
 with a solution of nitrate of silver; then dry the product and 
 heat it to dull redness in a covered crucible. 
 
 Uses. — Thus treated, the crude bone-black becomes pure 
 Carbon, which may be used for delicate chemical or pharma- 
 ceutical operations. It is chiefly used for filtering and decolor- 
 izing solutions of alkaloids and line chemicals. 
 
212 CARBONIUM — CARBON. 
 
 356. Carbo Ligni. 
 
 Charcoal — Wood-Charcoal. 
 
 This is prepared for commerce by charcoal-burners, who 
 pile billets of wood in conical form, cover the pile with earth, 
 ignite it from the bottom, and then close it from access of air, 
 leaving the process to go on without consuming the wood, 
 which is by the heat deprived of its oxygen, hydrogen, etc. 
 leaving charcoal or carbon as the result of the operation. 
 
 For pharmaceutical use, charcoal prepared from willow is 
 preferred. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy, powdered charcoal is used for filtering 
 many substances that cannot be made clear by ordinary filter- 
 ing processes. It is also used in tooth powders. In medicine 
 it is given in doses of one or two drachms as an antiseptic, 
 and absorbent especially in gastric derangements. On account 
 of its absorbent qualities, it should be kept in tight tin cans 
 or bottles. 
 
 357. Carboni Bisulphidum. 
 
 Bisulphide of Carbon. 
 CS 2 . 
 
 This is a clear, colorless, very volatile and inflammable 
 liquid, having sp. gr. 1.272. 
 
 It is made by combining the vapor of sulphur with carbon, 
 collecting the gaseous product by means of condensing tubes, 
 agitating the liquid with mercury, and distilling it in contact 
 with white wax. Crude Disulphide of Carbon has a very dis- 
 agreeable odor, like rotten eggs, but this may be almost 
 entirely removed by repeated rectification. It is never pre- 
 pared except by manufacturing chemists, who have appropriate 
 apparatus for making it. 
 
 Uses. — Bisulphide of Carbon is a powerful solvent of fats, 
 resins, rubber, etc., and is used in pharmacy chiefly for that 
 purpose. Its vapor is sometimes used in the form of spray in 
 surgical operations, but it is not administered internally. It is 
 
CARBONIUM — CARBON. 213 
 
 also a powerful antiseptic, and is used to preserve animal and 
 vegetable substances. 
 
 Other Carbon Compounds. 
 
 Besides its combination with sulphur, which is official, carbon 
 combines with chlorine in several proportions, with oxygen in 
 two proportions, and with hydrogen in many proportions, 
 forming a series of important radicals : 
 
 358. Chlorides of Carbon. — A Chloride of Carbon is obtained from its 
 sesqui-chloride by subliming it repeatedly through a tube filled with frag- 
 ments of glass heated to redness. It is a transparent aromatic liquid. Sesqui- 
 chloride of Carbon — C 3 C1 6 — is obtained by exposing Dutch liquid with 
 chlorine in a glass vessel to the direct rays of the sun, and renewing the 
 chlorine as long as it is absorbed. The liquid is thus converted into a white 
 crystalline volatile solid. Tetrachloride of Carbon, or Bichloride of Carbon, 
 is made by a complicated process. It is a colorless liquid, sometimes used as 
 an anaesthetic. Oxychloride of Carbon — COCl 3 — is a gas made by mixing 
 equal volumes of carbonic oxide and chlorine and exposing them to the rays 
 of the sun. 
 
 359. Hydrides of Carbon. — With hydrogen, carbon unites in many pro- 
 portions, forming a series of radicals known as the hydro-carbon series, or 
 alcohol radicals. Beginning with methane or marsh-gas, CH 4 , this series 
 increases by CH 2 , forming the radicals ethyl or ethane, C 2 H r> , propyl or 
 propane, C.,H S , butyl or tetrane, C 4 H 10 , amyl or pentane, C 5 H 13 . etc. In 
 pharmacy these radicals are bases of very important preparations, which are 
 extensively used. 
 
 Carburetted Hydrogen is a term applied to two of the compounds of 
 carbon and hydrogen, namely Light Carburetted Hydrogen, CH 4 , marsh-gas 
 or tire-damp ; Heavy Carburetted Hydrogen, C 2 H 4 , olefiant gas or ethylene. 
 
 360. Oxides of Carbon. — With oxygen carbon forms at least two combi- 
 nations, carbon oxide and carbon dioxide. 
 
 361. Oxide of Carbon — L'( ) — This is produced when carbon is burned 
 in an insufficient supply of oxygen, or may be made by passing carbonic acid 
 gas over charcoal heated to dull redness, and then washing the gas through 
 milk of lime to remove carbonic acid. It burns in the air, uniting with 
 
 . and being converted into carbon dioxide. 
 
 362. Dioxide of Carbon — CO g . Carbonic Anhydride, more commonlj 
 called Carbonic .hid. This ;<as is produced by the union of carbon and 
 
 , as in the ordinary process of combustion, and is disengaged in the 
 process of fermentation and other natural operations. It is present to a small 
 
 n the atmosphere, and is abundant in tin- carbonate earths and in all 
 vegetable and animal substances. It may be obtained by adding sulphuric 
 
214 CEFLE — WAXES. 
 
 or hydrochloric acids to marble, whiting, or other carbonates, and collecting 
 the gas. Its further description and characteristics will be found in Fenner's 
 Practical Chemistry. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this gas is chiefly used for making carbonated water 
 or " soda water," so generally dispensed by druggists. 
 
 363. True Carbonic Acid — H 2 C0 3 . — This is the acid which forms with 
 bases the important class of salts called Carbonates. It has not been satisfac- 
 torily obtained as a free acid, but is known to exist by the action of carbon 
 dioxide on basic radicals in the presence of water. 
 
 CERiE- WAXES. 
 
 Wax is a general name for a variety of peculiar, concrete 
 substances resembling beeswax. Although the varieties used 
 are few, they are obtained from the animal, vegetable and 
 mineral kingdoms, and serve important and useful purposes 
 that could not well be supplied by other substances. In the 
 arts beeswax is extensively used for modeling, making molds, 
 electrotyping, etching, etc. In pharmacy it is used for making 
 cerates, ointments, and other similar galenicals. Other vari- 
 eties of wax are but little used in comparison with beeswax, 
 but some of them are now being employed in place of it for 
 some purposes, as they can be obtained at lower prices. 
 
 The following are the varieties of wax known and used in 
 pharmacy, Beeswax only being official : 
 
 364. Cera Flava. 
 
 Ycllozv Wax, Beeswax. 
 
 This is obtained by melting the honey-cells of the common 
 honey-bee, Apis Mellifica, and is purified by straining and 
 agitating with hot water while fluid. It is then poured into 
 pans containing a little hot water, when most of the impurities 
 subside, and may be scraped from the under surface of the 
 cake when cold. 
 
 Beeswax is composed of three different substances, namely, 
 Myricin, Ceratic Acid and Cerolein. These substances may be 
 
CER.E — WAXES. 215 
 
 separated by boiling wax in alcohol ; the first remains undis- 
 solved ; the second dissolves but crystallizes out upon cooling ; 
 the third remains in solution in the cold alcohol. 
 
 Uses. — Yellow Wax is used in the arts for molding, etc., 
 and in pharmacy for making some kinds of cerates and 
 ointments, when the color is not objectionable. It is better 
 in many respects for cerates, etc., than white wax, which is 
 prepared from it. 
 
 365. Cera Alba. 
 
 White Wax. 
 
 White Wax is Beeswax bleached by exposing yellow wax 
 in thin layers to the action of light, air. and moisture. It is 
 prepared in a commercial way by first melting yellow wax and 
 making it into thin sheets, which are spread upon linen cloths 
 stretched upon frames, moistened occasionally and exposed to 
 the air and light until the color is partly discharged. The wax 
 is then gathered, melted, and sheeted as before, and again 
 bleached in the same manner, and the operation is continued 
 until it is considered sufficiently white for the market, when 
 it is melted and run into round or square cakes. 
 
 Uses. — White Wax is considerably used in the form of thin 
 sheets for making wax-flowers and other artistic work. It 
 may be sheeted for this purpose by melting on water and 
 plunging a round bottle in the melted mass. When with- 
 drawn a thin coating of wax adheres to the bottle, which, 
 when cut, comes off in sheets. In pharmacy it is used in 
 making the light colored cerates, and to give consistence to 
 some of the white ointments. 
 
 Other kinds of Wax. 
 
 The following are varieties of wax obtained from natural 
 
 sourco : 
 
 366. Bay Wax, Myrtle Wax, or Bay berry Tallow. — This is obtained 
 from the fruit of the Wax Myrtle by boiling it in water, the wax or fat 
 
210 CER.E — WAXES. 
 
 collecting on the surface. It is greenish-yellow, has a balsamic odor, and 
 is harder and more brittle than beeswax. It is sometimes used in oint- 
 ments, and for making candles, from which the fruit is called Catidleberry. 
 
 367. Carnauba Wax. — Obtained from the leaves of the Wax Palm by 
 boiling them in water and collecting the wax which rises to the surface. 
 This wax is extensively used for the manufacture of candles, and also for 
 making varnish. It is not used in pharmacy. 
 
 368. Japan Wax.— A species of wax or turpentine obtained from Rhus 
 Succedaneum of Japan. It is used chiefly for making varnish and candles. 
 
 369. Ozokerite or Ceresin — Mineral Wax, Earth Wax. — This is a 
 species of wax obtained from mineral deposits in various parts of the 
 country, but chiefly from Austrian- Poland. It is found in the fissures of 
 shale or slate, from which it is obtained by fusion. When refined it so closely 
 resembles yellow beeswax as to be readily sold for it, and it may be used for 
 the same purposes. 
 
 370. Paraffin Wax. — The solid, white crystalline hydro-carbon obtained 
 from petroleum by chilling it with ice, pouring off what remains liquid, and 
 subjecting the remaining semi-solid mass to pressure, is called Paraffin or 
 Paraffin Wax. It considerably resembles White Wax, and is sometimes used 
 to adulterate it. It varies considerably in hardness, according as more or 
 less of the soft Paraffines remain combined with it. It is used instead of 
 Beeswax for many purposes, and may be employed in making ointments and 
 cerates, but is not so satisfactory as Beeswax. It is used for making corks 
 impervious to chemicals, for sealing bottles, covering jelly, etc. 
 
 The following are preparations made of various substances and known as 
 Waxes : 
 
 371. Gilding Wax.— Made of Beeswax 4 ounces. Verdigris 1 ounce, 
 Red Ochre 1 ounce, powdered Alum 1 ounce, melted and mixed together. 
 
 372. Modeling Wax.— Made of Beeswax, Lead Plaster, Olive Oil and 
 Yellow Resin, each equal parts, with whiting sufficient to form a mass. 
 
 373. Sealing Wax.— The basis of the best Sealing Wax is made as 
 follows : 
 
 Pale Shellac 8 ounces. 
 
 Venice Turpentine, 2^2 ounces. 
 
 Coloring as desired, a sufficiency. 
 
 .Melt the Shellac carefully in a bright copper vessel, and add the Venice 
 Turpentine, then stir in the coloring and mould the wax into sticks, which 
 may be stamped or pressed as desired. The best red sealing wax is made 
 by adding 6 ounces of vermilion to the above quantity; a cheaper red wax 
 can be made by using red lead instead. The best black is made by adding 
 5 ounces of very finely powdered ivory-black to the above quantity. Other 
 colors may be made by adding other pigments. 
 
CERATA — CERATES. 217 
 
 Cheaper Sealing Wax may be made as follows : 
 
 Resin, i pound av. 
 
 Shellac 8 ounces. 
 
 Venice Turpentine, 6 ounces. 
 
 Coloring as desired, a sufficient quantity. 
 Melt together and stir in the coloring. 
 
 Soft Sealing Wax for official documents and express packages may be 
 made with : 
 
 Resin, 8 ounces. 
 
 Beeswax 8 ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil, 5 ounces. 
 
 Venice Turpentine 12 ounces. 
 
 Coloring as desired, a sufficiency. 
 Melt together and stir in the coloring. 
 
 Bottle Wax may be made from : 
 
 Resin, 12 ounces. 
 
 Beeswax 2 ounces. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 2 ounces. 
 
 Melt together and color red with red lead or Venetian red ; black with ivory 
 black ; green with verdigris or chrome green ; brown with umber, etc. 
 
 CERATA — CERATES. 
 
 Cerates are preparations composed of wax combined with 
 fatty or resinous substances, and intended to be spread upon 
 lint, linen, or other similar material, to be used externally. 
 
 They are of firmer consistence than ointments, and are 
 mostly designed rather to protect the parts to which they are 
 applied, than to be absorbed, as is expected of ointments. 
 
 The British and German Pharmacopoeias make no class dis- 
 tinction between Cerates and Ointments, but such a classifica- 
 tion seems quite proper when the difference in the uses to 
 which they are applied is considered. 
 
 Ili' use of lard in some of the Cerates, which has formerly 
 been common, although still retained in the official formulas, 
 has he.n mostly superseded by petrolatum, because of its better 
 keeping qualities and general adaptability to the purpose; in 
 the formula- for Cerates which follow, therefore, it will be 
 
218 CERATA — CERATES. 
 
 understood that when " lard or petrolatum " is directed, lard is 
 mentioned, because it is directed in the U. S. P., but petrolatum 
 is preferable. 
 
 To secure uniformity of the mass, and prevent granulation 
 of the wax, most of the Cerates are stirred while cooling. 
 This also makes them whiter and lighter as regards their 
 specific gravity, by introducing air. 
 
 Paraffin is sometimes used in making Cerates instead of 
 beeswax, but it does not make so satisfactory a preparation. 
 
 The following arc the Cerates official in the U. S. P. : 
 
 374. Ceratum. 
 
 Cerate or Simple Cerate. 
 
 White Wax, 3 ounces. 
 
 Lard (or White Petrolatum), .... 7 ounces. 
 Melt them together, and stir the mixture constantly until 
 cool. 
 
 Uses. — This is the base known as "Simple Cerate," with 
 which medicinal substances are incorporated when desired to 
 be used in this form. It is also used as a simple dressing for 
 sores, blisters, etc. 
 
 375. Ceratum Camphorae. 
 
 Camphor Cerate. 
 
 Camphor Liniment (1 part Camphor, 4 parts 
 
 Cotton Seed Oil), 1 ounce. 
 
 Olive Oil, 4 ounces. 
 
 Cerate, 28^3 ounces. 
 
 Mix the Camphor Liniment and the Olive Oil, and incor- 
 porate with the Cerate. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Camphor, in fine powder, y^ ounce. 
 
 White Wax, or Paraffin, 8 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, 24 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax and the Petrolatum, and while cooling, but 
 still liquid, add the Camphor. 
 
CERATA — CERATES. 219 
 
 Uses. — In Pharmacy, Camphor Cerate is used for making 
 Goulard's Cerate, and is frequently prescribed combined with 
 other substances desired in the form of a cerate. 
 
 376. Ceratum Cantharidis. 
 
 Cantharidcs Cerate, Blistering Cerate, or "Blister Plaster!' 
 
 Cantharides, No. 60 powder, .... 7 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 4 ounces. 
 
 Resin, 4 ounces. 
 
 Lard (or Petrolatum), 5 ounces. 
 
 To the Wax, Resin and Lard, or Petrolatum, previously 
 melted together and strained through muslin, add the Can- 
 tharides, and by means of a water-bath keep the mixture in a 
 liquid state for half an hour, stirring constantly. Then remove 
 from the water-bath and stir constantly until cool. 
 
 In the British Pharmacopoeia a similar preparation is given 
 under the name 
 
 EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS. 
 
 Cantharides Plaster. 
 
 Cantharides, in powder, 12 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, ) 
 
 T , , c - of each, 7^4 ounces. 
 
 Prepared Suet, I ' /x 
 
 Prepared Lard, 6 ounces. 
 
 Resin, 3 ounces. 
 
 Liqeufy the Wax, Suet and Lard together by a water-bath, 
 and add the Resin, previously melted ; then introduce the 
 Cantharides, mix the whole thoroughly, and continue to stir 
 the mixture while it is allowed to cool. 
 
 Uses. — Cantharides Cerate is used in pharmacy in combina- 
 tion with Hurgundy Pitch for making Warming Plaster, and in 
 many other Irritating plasters and ointments. In medicine 
 " Blister Plaster" is an old-time remedy, too well known to 
 require further notice. It maybe spread on stiff paper, cloth 
 or skin, and applied. 
 
220 CERATA — CERATES. 
 
 377. Ceratum Cetacei. 
 
 Spermaceti Cerate. 
 
 Spermaceti, 2 ounces. 
 
 White Wax, ; . 7 ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil, 11 ounces. 
 
 Melt together the Spermaceti and Wax, then add the Olive 
 Oil, previously heated, and stir the mixture constantly until 
 cool. Unless the best imported olive oil is used, the prepara- 
 tion has a disagreeable odor; and even when made with the 
 best materials it soon becomes rancid. It is just as efficient, 
 cheaper, and entirely permanent, made with petrolatum. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Spermaceti, 1 ounce. 
 
 White Wax, or Paraffin, 2 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, 7 ounces. 
 
 Melt together and stir while cooling. This Cerate is used as 
 a dressing and healing salve. 
 
 378. Ceratum Extracti Cantharidis. 
 
 Cerate of Extract of Cant har ides. 
 
 Cantharides, in No. 60 powder, ... 6 ounces av. 
 
 Resin, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 7 ounces av. 
 
 Lard (or Petrolatum), 7 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the Cantharides with two fl. ounces of Alcohol, and 
 pack firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint 
 of Alcohol, and set in a warm place for two days; then heat 
 very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 Alcohol to the drug, and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until 20 fl. ounces have passed. Distill off a pint of Alcohol, 
 and evaporate the remainder, if necessary, to 3 ounces ; add 
 to this the Resin, Wax and Lard, or Petrolatum, previously 
 melted together, and keep the whole at the boiling point of 
 
CERATA — CERATES. 221 
 
 water for 15 minutes; then strain the mixture through muslin 
 and stir until cool. 
 
 It is well known that heat assists very materially to dissolve 
 the active principle of Cantharides, Cautharidin. Therefore, 
 the water-bath percolator is useful in making the preparation, 
 both as regards efficiency of the product, and economy in 
 making. The U. S. 1880 preparation is about 20 per cent. 
 stronger than the 1870. 
 
 Uses. — Similar to Cantharides Cerate. 
 
 379. Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. 
 
 Cerate of Subcicetatc of Lead — Goulard 's Cerate. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead by weight, . 2 ounces. 
 
 Camphor Cerate, 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This Cerate should be freshly pre- 
 pared when wanted for use. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead, by weight, 2^ ounces. 
 
 Paraffin, 3 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, 7 ounces. 
 
 Camphor, in fine powder, 3 grains. 
 
 Melt the Paraffin with the Petrolatum, and when cooling 
 add the Camphor. When it begins to solidify add the solution, 
 and stir constantly with a wooden or horn spatula until cool. 
 
 Uses. — This Cerate is used as a soothing application to 
 inflamed parts. 
 
 380. Ceratum Resinae. 
 
 Resin Cerate, Basilicon Ointment. 
 
 Resin, 7 ounces. 
 
 yellow Wax, 3 ounces. 
 
 Lard (or Petrolatum) 10 miners. 
 
 Melt them together at a moderate heat, strain the mixture 
 through muslin, and allow to cool without stirring. 
 
 Uses. — This Cerate is used in pharmacy for the preparation 
 
222 CERATA — CERATES. 
 
 of turpentine liniment, and as the base of many compound 
 Cerates which are prescribed by physicians. It is healing and 
 stimulating. 
 
 381. Ceratum Resinae Compositum. 
 
 Compound Resin Cerate. 
 
 Although this Cerate is deleted in the 1880 Pharmacopoeia, 
 it is still frequently prescribed; the formula is as follows: 
 
 Resin, 2 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces. 
 
 Turpentine (Gum Thus), 1 ounce. 
 
 Petrolatum, 3 ounces. 
 
 Melt them together, strain, and stir until cool. 
 This differs from the 1870 formula in substituting Petrolatum 
 for Suet and Flaxseed Oil. 
 
 Uses. — The uses of this Cerate are similar to simple Resin 
 Cerate, but it is more stimulating. 
 
 382. Ceratum Sabinae. 
 
 Savine Cerate. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Savine, 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Resin Cerate, 9 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Resin Cerate, add the Fluid Extract of Savine, and 
 heat moderately until the Alcohol has evaporated ; then stir 
 constantly until cool. 
 
 Uses. — This is a stimulating irritant, sometimes employed 
 instead of Cantharides Cerate. It is but little used in this 
 country. 
 
 383. Ceratum Saponis. 
 
 Soap Cerate. 
 
 Why tin's Cerate is omitted in the 1880 U. S. Pharmacopoeia 
 is not apparent, as it is prescribed as frequently as many of the 
 
CERATA — CERATES. 223 
 
 Cerates that remain ; the formula is therefore given for it as 
 prepared with Petrolatum : 
 
 Soap Plaster 2 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 1 ounce. 
 
 Petrolatum, 5^ ounces. 
 
 Melt the Plaster and Wax together and add the Petrolatum ; 
 continue the heat until it is liquefied, then stir the mixture 
 until cool. 
 
 Uses. — Soap Cerate is a valuable cleansing application to 
 indolent sores and ulcers. 
 
 Other Cerates. 
 
 The foregoing official Cerates include nearly all for which 
 there is a demand in this country. Many other preparations 
 that are frequently called Cerates will be found under the head- 
 ing UNGUENT A. A great many preparations that are simply 
 mixtures of a medicinal substance with Cerate are sometimes 
 prescribed by name, as Opium Cerate, Quinine Cerate, etc. ; 
 but it seems unnecessary to give detailed formulas for them. 
 
 The following have been popular or well-known Cerates, some 
 of them having been official in European Pharmacopoeias: 
 
 384. Cerate, Acetate of Lead. 
 
 White Wax 5 ounces av. 
 
 Olive Oil 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, in fine powder 5 drachms. 
 
 Triturate the Acetate of Lead with 2 ounces of the Olive Oil, and having 
 melted the White Wax with the Olive Oil by the aid of heat, add the mixture and 
 stir until cool. This Cerate was formerly official in the London Pharmacopoeia, 
 but is now little used, the Cerate of Subacetate of Lead being used instead. 
 
 385. Cerate, Calamine. 
 
 Turner's Cerate. 
 
 Yellow Wax ?,% ounces av. 
 
 ' Hive Oil 10 (bounces. 
 
 Prepared Calamine, 3X ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Wax with the Oil, and when cool enough to begin to thicken, 
 add the Calamine, and stir until cool. This may also be prepared by mixing 
 1 part of Prepared Calamine with 5 parts of Simple Cerate. 
 
 This has long been popular under the name of Turner's Cerate, as a dry- 
 ing, healing dressing for sores, ulcers, etc. 
 
224 CERATA — CERATES. 
 
 386. Cerate Cosmetic, or Cold Cream. 
 
 Oil of Sweet Almonds 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 White Wax, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Spermaceti 1 ounce av. 
 
 Rose Water, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Borax, in fine powder, 4 drachms. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Spermaceti in the Almond Oil by aid of heat ; dissolve 
 the Borax in the Rose Water, and when the melted Wax, etc., is cooling, 
 gradually add the solution of Borax, beating or agitating with a wooden 
 spatula until cold. 
 
 This makes a Cold Cream base, to which other ingredients may be added 
 if desired. If other perfuming oils are required, mix them with the mass 
 while agitating and nearly caol ; if it is desired to add Glycerin, add it to the 
 solution of Borax in Rose Water. Camphor may be dissolved in the melted 
 mass while warm. Tincture of Benzoin added to the melted mass gives it an 
 agreeable odor, and helps materially to preserve it. 1 ounce is sufficient for 
 the above quantity. 
 
 It may be made firmer by using a larger proportion of Wax. Petrolatum 
 may be used instead of Oil of Almonds. Cologne, or bulk perfumes of any 
 kind, may be incorporated, etc. 
 
 Uses. — Cold Cream is used to soften the skin, for chap, sun-burn, sores, 
 and all purposes where a soft soothing ointment is desired. 
 
 387. Cerate of Galen. 
 
 Cerat de Galien, Fr. 
 
 Oil of Sweet Almonds, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 White Wax 2 ounces av. 
 
 Rose Water, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax in the Oil by heat, and while cooling gradually add the Rose 
 Water, beating it in with a wooden spatula. 
 
 This Cerate is considerably used in French pharmacy as a cerate or oint- 
 ment base. It is similar to cold cream or rose-water ointment, and is used 
 for similar purposes. 
 
 388. Cerate, Kirkland's. 
 
 Kirkland's Neutral Cerate. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 8 ounces av. 
 
 < 'live Oil 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Chalk, in powder 4 ounces av. 
 
 Liquor Subacetate of Lead ^ ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Vinegar (or Dilute Acetic Acid) 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Melt the Lead Plaster in the Oil, sift in the Chalk, then add the Liquor and 
 Vinegar, and stir together until cold. 
 This is a cooling dressing for sores and ulcers. 
 
CERATA — CERATES. CERIUM. 22fi 
 
 389. Rose Cerate, or Lip Salve. 
 
 Oil of Almonds 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 White Wax, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alkanet Root >£ ounce av. 
 
 Digest the Alkanet in the Almond Oil for some days, then filter or strain, 
 add the Wax, melt and perfume while cooling with Otto of Roses, 30 drops, 
 or other suitable perfuming oil a sufficient quantity. This makes a nice lip 
 salve. Other formulas will be found among the Toilet Preparations. 
 
 Of other Cerates that are sometimes called for or prescribed, many will be 
 found among the ointments of corresponding names. A few not thus classi- 
 fied are of sufficient importance to deserve mention here. 
 
 390. Ammoniacal Cerate. — Carbonate of Ammonium 1 drachm, Simple 
 Cerate 1 ounce. Used as a counter-irritant in croup, etc. 
 
 391. Arsenical Cerate. — Arsenious Acid in fine powder 20 grains, Sim- 
 ple Cerate 1 ounce. Applied to cancerous sores, etc. 
 
 392. Cacao Cerate. — Butter of Cacao, Oil of Sweet Almonds, and White 
 Wax, each equal parts, melted together. For chaps, etc. 
 
 393. Chalk Cerate. — Chalk in fine powder 1 ounce, Simple Cerate 3 
 ounces, Almond Oil iyi, ounces. Mix. 
 
 394. Copaiba Cerate. — Add 1 ounce of Balsam Copaiba to 8 ounces of 
 Spermaceti Cerate, previously melted. A stimulating application. 
 
 395. Marshall's Cerate. — Palm Oil 2 ounces, Calomel 2 ounces, Acetate 
 of Lead in fine powder 1 ounce, Nitrate of Mercury Ointment 4 ounces; rub 
 them together. This is applied to the eyes. 
 
 396. Pitch Cerate. — Yellow Wax 8 ounces, Suet 4 ounces, Burgundy 
 Pitch 6 ounces. Melt them together. 
 
 397. Verdigris Cerate.— Wax and Resin each 5 ounces, Venice Turpen- 
 tine 5 ounces, Linseed Oil 2 ounces, Verdigris 1 ounce. Melt and mix them 
 together. This is sometimes called Green Cerate. Red Cerate is made by 
 adding 1 drachm of Vermilion to 1 ounce of Cerate. 
 
 CERIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Cc ; Atomic weight, 140; Sp. gr. 6.62. 
 
 Cerium is a metallic element found in the mineral cerite. 
 It is of a chocolate-brown color, and is classed chemically, 
 with aluminium, cadmium and /.inc. It unites with acids to 
 form salt--, the oxalate only being official. 
 
CERIUM. CETACEUM — SPERMACETI. 
 
 398. Cerii Oxalas. 
 
 Oxalate of Cerium. 
 
 Ce 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 . 9 H 2 0. 
 
 The powdered mineral cerite, which consists of silicates of 
 several metals is treated with strong sulphuric acid or hydro- 
 chloric acid, by the aid of heat, to separate the silica. 
 Ammonia is then added to the filtered diluted solution, 
 and the precipitated hydrates are again treated with acids to 
 separate other metals. The Cerium compounds are then pre- 
 cipitated by oxalic acid, the precipitate consisting of oxalates 
 of Cerium, lanthanum and didymium, the latter metals are 
 then separated with difficulty, leaving the Oxalate of Cerium. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is considerably prescribed in the nausea 
 and vomiting of pregnancy, in doses of 2 to 10 grains. 
 
 Other Salts of Cerium. 
 
 The Oxalate of Cerium is the only Cerium salt of import- 
 ance in pharmacy, the following, however, may be mentioned : 
 
 399. Chloride of Cerium — CeCl 3 . — Made by burning Cerium in 
 chlorine gas and collecting the mass. 
 
 400. Nitrate of Cerium — CeN0 3 2H 3 0. — This may be made by dis- 
 solving ceroso-ceric oxide by nitric acid in the presence of alcohol. 
 
 401. Oxides of Cerium. — When Cerium is burned in the atmosphere, 
 or with oxygen it forms oxides, as follows, under varying conditions : Cerous 
 Oxide Ce 2 3 , Ceric Oxide CeO \. By igniting Oxalate of Cerium in an open 
 vessel Ceroso-Ceric Oxide Ce 3 4 is formed. 
 
 402. Sulphate of Cerium — Ce 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . — By dissolving Oxide of Cerium 
 in sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 403. CETACEUM — SPERMACETI. 
 
 Spermaceti is a " peculiar concrete, fatty substance," 
 obtained from the oleaginous matter found in the head of 
 the sperm whale, PJiyscter macrocephalus. The oily matter 
 from which Spermaceti is obtained is found in a large cavity 
 
CATACEUM — SPERMACETI. CHARTVE — PAPERS. 227 
 
 in the upper jaw, and is dipped out soon after the animal is 
 dead, as an oily liquid which congeals into a yellow mass. 
 This is drained in suitable bags, and then pressed with great 
 force, to remove the liquid olein, leaving the solid cetin in the 
 bags. This is then purified by melting in water, straining, 
 boiling with weak solution of potash, then washing with 
 water, and is finally allowed to congeal into a white crystalline 
 mass, somewhat resembling wax. Its low, melting point, 
 50°C. (i22°F.), combined with its solidity when cold, makes 
 it a valuable addition to many ointments and cerates, giving 
 them a firm consistence, but allowing them to be readily 
 worked or softened. 
 
 Uses. — Spermaceti is employed in pharmacy to give con- 
 sistence to ointments, etc., and as an ingredient in several toilet 
 preparations, Cranes, etc. It is also used to give a gloss to 
 starch. In medicine it is frequently given to allay internal 
 irritation. It may be powdered by fusing it and rubbing 
 it in a mortar until cold. Mixed with three times its weight 
 of sugar it is the Saccharated Spermaceti considerable pre- 
 scribed in France and Germany. 
 
 CHARTS — PAPERS. 
 
 In pharmacy a few medicinally prepared papers for various 
 purposes are known, of which three are official in the U. S. P., 
 and two in the new Br. P. They may readily be prepared by 
 druggists. The following are the official papers : 
 
 404. Charta Cantharides, U. S. 
 
 CantJiarides Paper. 
 
 White Wax, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Spermaceti, ij4 ounces av. 
 
 Olive Oil 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir), l / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Cantharides in No. 40 powder, . % ounce av. 
 
 Water, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix all the substances in a tinned vessel and boil gently for 
 two hours, constantly stirring; strain through a woolen 
 
228 CHARTS — PAPERS. 
 
 strainer without expressing, and-, by means of a water-bath, 
 keep the mixture in a liquid state in a shallow, flat-bottomed 
 vessel with an extended surface. Coat strips of sized paper 
 with the melted plaster, on one side only, by passing them 
 successively over the surface of the liquid. When dry cut the 
 stripes into rectangular pieces. 
 
 Uses. — This is used for producing blisters, and is first to 
 be rubbed over with a little oil of turpentine or alcohol and 
 then applied. 
 
 405. Charta Epispastica. Br. 
 
 Blistering Paper. 
 
 White Wax 4 ounces av. 
 
 Spermaceti 1^ ounces av. 
 
 Olive Oil 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Resin, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Canada Balsam, % ounce av. 
 
 Cantharides in powder, .... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 The directions for making are essentially the same as the 
 preceding. It contains double the quantity of cantharides. 
 
 406. Charta Potassii Nitratis, U. S. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium Paper. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 8 ounces. 
 
 " Dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium in the Distilled Water; 
 immerse stripes of white unsized paper in the solution and 
 dry them." 
 
 Coarse straw paper is better than white paper for this 
 purpose. 
 
 Uses. — This is chiefly used for asthma, or to sprinkle 
 asthmatic remedies upon and ignite, that their smoke or 
 vapor may be inhaled. 
 
CHART.-E — PAPERS. 229 
 
 
 407. Charta Sinapis. 
 
 Mustard Paper. 
 
 The following is the U. S. 1S80 formula, adapted to water- 
 bath percolation : 
 
 Black Mustard, in No. 60 powder, ) 
 
 ■Benzin, f each a sufficient 
 
 Solution of Gutta-Percha, . . \ q uantlt y- 
 
 Pack the Mustard firmly in the water-bath percolator and 
 gradually pour Benzin upon it ; pour hot water in the water- 
 bath surrounding the percolator, and percolate with the Benzin 
 until the percolate ceases to produce a permanent greasy 
 stain upon blotting paper. (This operation is for the pur- 
 pose of removing the fixed oil from the Mustard.) Remove 
 the powder from the percolator and dry it by exposure to the 
 air. Then mix with it sufficient Solution of Gutta-Percha 
 to give it a semi-liquid consistence, and apply with a brush to 
 one side of heavy, well-sized paper, and allow to dry. Each 
 square inch of the paper should contain about 6 grains of 
 Mustard. The Br. formula is similar to the U. S., 1870. 
 
 Mustard in powder, I ounce av. 
 
 Solution of Gutta-Percha, about, ... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Mustard with the Gutta-Percha solution so as to 
 form a semi-fluid mixture, and having poured this into a 
 shallow-vessel pass strips of cartridge-paper over its surface, 
 so that one side of the paper shall receive a thin coating of 
 the mixture. 
 
 Uses. — Mustard Paper is much used as a counter-irritant 
 in neuralgia and many other diseases. Before applying it 
 should first be immersed in warm water for about 15 seconds. 
 
 Other Papers. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official papers which are employed in 
 medicine, others are known and sometimes used for applica- 
 tions and other purposes. A variety of papers are also made 
 for various purposes, useful in pharmacy as test papers, 
 parchment paper for dialysing, filtering paper, carbon paper 
 
230 CHARTVE — PAPERS. 
 
 for duplicating, etc. The more important papers are as 
 follows : 
 
 408. Antiasthmatic Paper.— Unsized gray filtering paper, 6 ounces ; 
 nitrate of potassium in fine powder, 3 ounces ; belladonna, stramonium, 
 digitalis, lobelia, and water-fennel, all in fine powder, % ounce each ; myrrh 
 and olibanum in powder, y 2 ounce each. Tear up the filtering paper, and 
 soak in water until soft ; press out the water and beat the mass into a pulp, 
 with which incorporate the powders ; put into suitable moulds and dry. This 
 may be moulded similar to pastils, which see. 
 
 409. Antirheumatic Paper. — Euphorbium, 1 ounce ; cantharides, y z ounce ; 
 alcohol, 5 ounces. Macerate for one week, filter and add resin, 2 ounces ; 
 turpentine (gum), \% ounces. This makes a varnish, which is to be brushed 
 over thin paper. 
 
 410. Gout Paper— Papier Fayard. — Euphorbium, 1 part; cantharides, 
 2 parts, both in fine powder ; are digested with alcohol, 8 parts ; ether, 3 
 parts, in a stoppered bottle for a week, with frequent agitation. The tincture 
 is then strained or filtered, one part of Venice turpentine added, and thin, 
 white paper dipped in the solution. This is considerably used as a counter- 
 irritant for rheumatism, neuralgia, gout, etc. 
 
 411. Copying Paper. — Thin, strong, soft paper is prepared in various 
 ways for duplicating writing with a pencil or style. Black is the color most 
 commonly used, but other colors are employed for tracing patterns, etc. 
 The black copying paper is known in the market as carbon paper, and is 
 made by mixing lampblack with lard, palm oil, or, preferably, with petrolatum, 
 and rubbing the paper thoroughly over with the mixture, then, after standing 
 a few hours, rubbing off the superfluous grease with a flannel rag. The 
 operation should be conducted in a warm room, so that the pigment will be 
 absorbed by the paper, and when rubbed off it will retain only enough for 
 the purpose of copying, and not crock the paper being used for the writing. 
 By placing alternate sheets of paper and copying paper, several duplicates 
 may be obtained with one writing. This is called " Manifold " writing. 
 Other colors may be made in the same manner, by using other pigments, as 
 vermilion or other reds for red; umber or other browns for brown; 
 chrome green for greeti ; chrome yellow for yellow, etc. For tracing 
 patterns, heavier paper is generally used. 
 
 412. Fly Paper.— Two kinds of papers for destroying flies are found on 
 the market — the poison and the sticky fly papers. They are generally pro- 
 prietary, but can readily be made by druggists, and afford a large profit. 
 
 Poison Fly Paper. — This is prepared by dipping coarse paper, made from 
 woolen rags, into some kind of poison solution, and drying by hanging on 
 lines. The poison solution may be made as follows : 
 
 White Arsenic (Arsenious Acid) 4 pounds av. 
 
 Concentrated Lye 1 pound av. 
 
 Water, 10 gallons. 
 
CHARTS — PAPERS. 231 
 
 Dissolve the Concentrated Lye or caustic soda in the water and boil the 
 solution, gradually adding the Arsenic, and continuing to boil until it is dis- 
 solved, then while still warm dip the paper in it, and hang on lines to dry. 
 The paper thus prepared is cut into small sheets, put in saucers or plates, 
 and water poured upon them, which dissolves the Arsenic. The flies drink 
 of the water and die. 
 
 Other substances may be used for making the solution, as tartar emetic, 
 corrosive sublimate, etc.; but the Arsenic is probably the best and 
 cheapest. 
 
 Sticky Fly Paper. — This is a very popular paper for destroying flies, 
 because it holds them, and they do not drop around and into things, as is 
 the case when poison paper is used. It may be made in a variety of ways ; 
 but the best and cheapest is made as follows : 
 
 Resin 2 pounds. 
 
 Cotton Seed or " Salad " Oil, about, 8 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Resin, and add to it half a pint of the oil. Owing to the differ- 
 ence in Resin more or less oil may be required ; the object is to have it, 
 when spread upon paper, sticky enough to hold the flies, yet not stiff enough 
 so but when the paper is folded it may readily be pulled apart without 
 tearing. A little may be spread upon paper and tested, then more oil or 
 Resin may be added if necessary. This is spread, while warm, with a brush, 
 spatula, muller, or other convenient utensil, upon sheets of firm, sized, white, 
 or manilla paper, leaving a margin unspread, the paper is then folded 
 together, and pulled apart when wanted for use. 
 
 413. Oiled Paper. — This is used in pharmacy for doing up packages of 
 chemicals or other substances which are affected by moisture or air ; also for 
 capping bottles, jars, etc. It may be made by brushing sheets of paper of 
 any desired thickness with boiled linseed oil, and drying them on a line. 
 Oiled card board is used in copying-books for copying letters. 
 
 414. Parchment Paper, — Used in pharmacy for dialysing and for cover- 
 ing jars, capping bottle tops, etc. It is prepared from strong, white, unsized 
 paper by dipping it for half a minute in strong sulphuric acid, diluted with 
 a quarter of its measure of water, and then, after standing a few moments, 
 into water containing a small quantity of ammonia. 
 
 415. Test Papers. — Various kinds of test papers are used in pharmacy — 
 the most used and best known being blue and red litmus paper, for detecting 
 the presence of acids or alkalies. 
 
 Blue Litmits Paper is made by dipping strips of filter-paper into an infu- 
 sion of Litmus, made as follows : Triturate 1 ounce of Litmus in a mortar 
 with 4 ounces of boiling water; pour off the liquid and add more boiling 
 water in two or three portions until half a pint of the solution altogether is 
 obtained. When cold, filter the solution and divide the filtrate into two equal 
 portions ; into one of these add with a glass rod a very small quantity of 
 
232 CHART.E — PAPERS. CHEMICALS. 
 
 sulphuric acid until it begins to be very slightly red ; then mix the two por- 
 tions again and dip the paper in them as directed. 
 
 Blue litmus paper is a delicate test for acids, which turn it red. 
 
 Red Litmus Papa-. — To the solution of blue litmus prepared as above 
 add sulphuric acid gradually by dipping a glass rod in it and then in the 
 solution of litmus until it has a distinctly red color. Dip strips of filtering 
 paper into this solution and dry. 
 
 Red litmus paper is a delicate test for alkalies, which turn it blue. 
 
 Tumeric Paper. — This is a yellow paper, sometimes directed to be used 
 as a test for alkalies, which turn it brown. It is also turned brown by boric 
 acid and soluble borates. It is made by boiling 2 ounces of tumeric in one 
 pint of water, and dipping strips of paper in the decoction. 
 
 416. Tracing Paper.— For tracing drawings, designs, patterns, etc., 
 thin, unsized white paper is made semi-transparent by applying to it with a 
 brush a varnish made with equal parts of Canada Balsam and Oil of Tur- 
 pentine, and drying by hanging on a line. It may also be made by applying 
 a mixture of equal parts of Cotton Seed Oil and Oil of Turpentine ; but the 
 excess of oil must be absorbed by rubbing it over as soon as applied with 
 flour or starch. The latter is more flexible than the former, but not so 
 transparent. 
 
 417. Waxed or Paraffin Paper. — This may be made in a small way by 
 dipping sheets of thin paper into a vessel of melted paraffin, and afterwards 
 ironing them over with a hot flat-iron. Commercially, it is made by passing 
 paper through rollers heated by steam and fed with melted paraffin. This 
 paper is useful in pharmacy for covering over ointments, etc., and wrapping 
 around packages of camphor ice, cosmetics, etc., to prevent them greasing 
 the packages in which they are contained. It is much used by grocers to 
 cover packages of lard, butter, or other greasy substances. 
 
 Besides the foregoing " papers," which may readily be made by drug- 
 gists, Filtering Paper is an essential in pharmacy. It is made only by 
 manufacturers who make a business of it. The best Swedish filtering paper 
 is made of pure flax fibres, very finely crushed and broken ; the white English 
 papers have some cotton mixed with the flax ; while the common gray circu- 
 lar papers of French, Dutch, and English manufacture, contain consider- 
 able wool, jute, and esparto grass, making them more porous and rapid 
 filters than the other varieties, but not suited for fine chemical work. 
 
 CHEMICALS. 
 
 As known in pharmacy, "Chemicals" are products of the 
 laboratory, or natural substances, having definite molecular 
 
CHEMICALS. CHLORAL. 233 
 
 composition and characteristics by which they may be known 
 and recognized. They differ from " Pharmaceuticals," in thus 
 having a definite chemical composition, while the latter are 
 merely mixtures or compounds of substances without definite 
 chemical proportion. 
 
 Chemicals, as they are thus understood, include the metals 
 and non-metals, the acids, the alkalies, and the alkaloids, 
 together with the salts, which are produced by combining 
 them. They are mostly made by manufacturing chemists, 
 although many of them may readily be prepared by druggists. 
 In this work the principal chemicals are noticed under the 
 classes to which they properly belong, as AciDA, ALKALOIDES, 
 etc., or the elementary substances which form the bases of the 
 compounds, as Arsenicum, Bismuthum, etc. 
 
 For more complete description and classification of chem- 
 icals, the reader is referred to FENNER'S Practical Chemis- 
 try, or other standard chemical text-books. 
 
 CHLORAL. 
 
 C 2 HC1 3 0. 
 
 A peculiar oily liquid, obtained by the action of Chlorine 
 on alcohol, first discovered and named by Liebig, is chemi- 
 cally known as Chloral. 
 
 Some confusion is liable to occur, because the 1880 U. S. P. 
 has designated the substance known commercially as Hydrate 
 of Chloral simply by the name " Chloral." 
 
 The following describes the process of making both Chloral 
 and Hydrate of Chl&ral : 
 
 418. Chloral, U. S., Chloral Hydras, Br. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral. 
 
 C.HCI3O.H0O. 
 
 Chloral and Hydrate of Chloral are prepared by manufac- 
 turing chemists, by passing dry chlorine gas for several weeks 
 
234 CHLORAL. 
 
 into absolute alcohol contained in a suitable vessel, until it 
 becomes a thick oily liquid of sp. gr. 1.502. At first the 
 alcohol is cooled by surrounding the vessel with ice to 
 prevent explosion, but when no more will be absorbed 
 toward the end of the operation, it is heated to nearly the 
 boiling point, 6o°C. (i40°F.) The liquid thus obtained is 
 Chloral. To purify it, it is agitated with four times its bulk of 
 concentrated sulphuric acid for several hours at a temperature 
 of 6o°C. (i40°F.), most of the hydrochloric acid escaping. 
 The Chloral then separates as an oily layer on the top, and is 
 further purified by distilling over calcium carbonate. This is 
 pure Anhydrous Chloral. To make Hydrate of Chloral, it is 
 mixed in glass vessels with the required quantity of water, and 
 allowed to solidify into a cake, or " crust." This may be fur- 
 ther purified by dissolving it in chloroform, benzin, or ethyliden 
 chloride, and crystallizing, and it is mostly used at present in 
 this form. Chemically, Chloral is an aldehyd derivative, known 
 as trichloraldehyd. 
 
 Uses. — Chloral is a hypnotic, used in delirium, nervous 
 irritability, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains, usually 
 given in flavored syrup as syrup of ginger or orange. 
 
 419. Camphor-Chloral. 
 
 When Hydrate of Chloral and Camphor in nearly equal 
 quantities are rubbed together in a mortar, the two solids unite 
 and form a syrupy liquid, which is often employed for tooth- 
 ache, facial neuralgia, and other painful affections. It may be 
 made as follows : 
 
 Camphor, 5 parts or drachms. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral, 4 parts or drachms. 
 
 Rub the Camphor, by the aid of a few drops of alcohol, to 
 a powder, and add the Chloral, rubbing them together until 
 they become liquid. 
 
 This may be diluted if desired by mixing it with alcohol and 
 glycerin equal parts. When thus prepared it may be used as 
 an anodyne application or liniment, or may be given internally. 
 
CHLORINE. 235 
 
 CHLORINE. 
 
 Symbol, CI.; Atomic weight, 35.4. 
 
 Chlorine is a gaseous element of greenish-yellow color and 
 suffocating odor. Its specific gravity is 2.45. It was discovered 
 by Scheele in 1774, and was, later on, classed with the elements, 
 and named, from its color, by Davy. 
 
 Chlorine combines with every other element except fluorine, 
 and is therefore of great interest and importance. It possesses 
 wonderful bleaching properties, and is largely used in the arts 
 for this purpose. It is also a powerful disinfectant. Its com- 
 pounds with the alkali metals are of great industrial value and 
 application, and its salts form a large class of chemicals useful 
 in pharmacy and medicine. It combines with other elements 
 forming chlorides, and in combination with oxacids unites with 
 bases, forming chlorates and perchlorates. 
 
 Chlorine may be obtained by heating hydrochloric acid with 
 peroxide of manganese in a flask and collecting the gas ; but 
 is prepared commercially in apparatus specially constructed 
 for the purpose. 
 
 The only preparation in which Chlorine is exhibited in a free 
 state is in Chlorine water, which was formerly official in the 
 U. S. P., and is now official in the Br. P. under the title 
 
 420. Liquor-Chlori, or Aqua-Chlori. 
 
 Solution of Chlorine, Chlorine Water. 
 The British formula is as follows : 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 34 fl. ounces. 
 
 Put the Oxide of Manganese into a gas bottle, and having 
 poured upon it the hydrochloric acid diluted with two ounces 
 of the water, apply heat gently, and by suitable tubes cause 
 the gas developed to pass through two ounces of the water 
 
23C> CHLORINE. 
 
 placed in an intermediate small phial, and thence to the bot- 
 tom of a three-pint (6o-ounce) bottle, containing the remainder 
 of the water, etc. When the gas has all been generated, shake 
 the bottle that the gas may be absorbed by the water. 
 
 Uses. — Chlorine Water is employed as an antiseptic wash 
 and gargle, especially for diphtheria and ulcerated sore throat. 
 It is also given internally in fevers and other septic disorders, 
 in doses of from 10 to 30 minims, largely diluted with water. 
 
 Acids of Chlorine. 
 
 421. Hypochlorous Acids — HCIO— may be made by agitating chlorine 
 water with red precipitate, and distilling the liquid, to separate the solution 
 of the gas from the Chloride of Mercury, which results from the reaction. 
 
 422. Chlorous Acid — HC10 2 . — Made by heating together in a glass 
 flask in a water-bath Chlorate of Potassium 4 parts, Arsenic 3 parts, Nitric 
 Acid 1 2 parts, Water 4 parts. The gas generated by the operation is con- 
 ducted by a bent tube into a receiver, containing water. It is a great bleach- 
 ing and oxidizing agent. 
 
 423. Chloric Acid — HC10 3 . — This may be made by decomposing Chlo- 
 rate of Barium with an equivalent quantity of pure diluted sulphuric acid, 
 and evaporating the liquid poured off from the precipitate, in vacuo, over 
 strong sulphuric acid. Although this is the acid basis of the Chlorates, it is 
 seldom used in pharmacy. 
 
 424. Hydrochloric Acid — HC1. — This is the only compound of hydro- 
 gen and Chlorine known. It was formerly called Muriatic Acid. It is 
 obtained chiefly as a by-product in the manufacture of soda-ash from com- 
 mon salt by heating to a high temperature with sulphuric acid, by which 
 process sulphate of sodium is formed, and hydrochloric acid liberated in the 
 form of gas ; this is then purified and dissolved in water by various methods, 
 forming the Hydrochloric Acid of Commerce, which contains 31.9 per cent, 
 of the gaseous acid. It is frequently called for as Spirit of Salt or Oil of 
 Salt. It is the acid basis of the Chlorides, and is much used in pharmacy 
 and the arts. See page 60. 
 
 425. Perchloric Acid — HC10 4 . — By distilling pure dry Perchlorate of 
 Potassium with four times its weight of boiled, concentrated sulphuric acid and 
 collecting the distillate. 
 
 Besides the combinations of hydrogen and oxygen with chlorine, it forms 
 compounds with someother acids, as Chlorochromic Acid, CrOCl, Chloro- 
 carbonic Acid, COCl 2 , etc., and with elements as Chloride of Bromine, etc. 
 
CHLOROFORUM — CHLOROFORM. CHOCOLATA. 237 
 
 426. CHLOROFORUM — CHLOROFORM. 
 
 CHCI3. 
 
 Chloroform is a derivative of aldehyd, known chemically as 
 trichlormethane. Several methods of preparing it are employed 
 by manufacturing chemists, the most familiar being by the 
 action of chlorinated lime on alcohol. A recent process is 
 now employed, commercially, by which wood or sawdust is 
 decomposed at a high temperature, and chloroform prepared 
 from the crude acetates obtained at a much lower cost of pro- 
 duction. 
 
 The uses of Chloroform as an anaesthetic, narcotic and seda- 
 tive are well known. It is employed internally as a sedative 
 and narcotic, in doses of from 1 to 10 minims, largely diluted ; 
 and externally as a counter-irritant and sedative in liniments, 
 and applications for neuralgia, pain, etc. 
 
 The U. S. P. recognizes two preparations of Chloroform, 
 namely, Purified Chloroform and Commercial Chloroform. 
 The Br. P. mentions only Chloroform, which corresponds with 
 the U. S. Purified Chloroform. Commercial Chloroform should 
 only be used externally. Purified Chloroform may be used 
 externally, internally, or by inhalation, and is now quite gen- 
 erally used by druggists for all purposes. 
 
 As the processes for making Chloroform are somewhat com- 
 plicated, and it is seldom made except by manufacturing 
 chemists, they are not here repeated. 
 
 Chloroform should have a specific gravity of about 1.490. 
 It is soluble in about 200 parts of water, and in all proportions 
 in ether and alcohol. It is not inflammable like ether. Prepa- 
 rations containing Chloroform will be found under their appro- 
 priate headings. 
 
 427. CHOCOLATA. 
 
 Chocolate and Cocoa. 
 
 Chocolate is prepared from the roasted seeds of Tkeobroma 
 Cacao, deprived of their husks or "shell." Its manufacture in 
 
238 CHOCOLATA. CHROMIUM. 
 
 this country, although confined to only a few establishments, 
 constitutes an important industry. 
 
 To prepare Chocolate, the seeds, which are somewhat like 
 small acorns, are roasted, then decorticated, or deprived of 
 their covering or husks. The kernel is then ground in a mill, 
 and made into a paste with heated metal rollers. It is then 
 run into cakes. Chocolate, as thus prepared, contains consid- 
 erable fatty matter, known as Oleum Theobrojiup, or Butter of 
 Cacao. By mixing it with warm water, most of the oil rises to 
 the top and is removed. The precipitate is collected, dried, 
 and variously prepared, and is known on the market as COCOA. 
 
 Chocolate and Cocoa are extensively used as nutritive 
 drinks, for which they are more esteemed than tea and coffee. 
 In confectionery vast quantities are used, chocolate confec- 
 tionery being the universal favorite. In pharmacy Chocolate 
 is frequently used in confections, for covering the taste of dis- 
 agreeable medicines, and sometimes in making simple elixir 
 to which it gives an agreeable flavor. It is extensively used, 
 made into a syrup for the soda fountain. 
 
 A variety of proprietary tablets, containing Chocolate as a 
 base, have formerly been put upon the market, but as they are 
 liable to become wormy or spoil, they have mostly been with- 
 drawn. 
 
 It is quite a common error to suppose that Chocolate and 
 Cocoa are prepared from the well-known Cocoanut, the fruit 
 of Cocus Nucifera, instead of the small acorn-like nuts or fruit 
 of TJicobroma Cacao. 
 
 CHROMIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Cr. ; Atomic weight, 52.4. 
 
 The element Chromium is a very hard, brittle, grayish-white 
 metal. It was discovered by Vauquelin in 1797, and is obtained 
 by igniting its oxide with charcoal at an intense heat. It 
 occurs in nature in the form of ore combined with iron 
 (chrome-iron ore) with lead and some other metals. 
 
 Some of its salts are extensively used in dyeing, and two or 
 
CHROMIUM. 239 
 
 three of them in pharmacy and medicine. Chromic Acid or 
 Anhydride and Bichromate of Potassium are the only prepa- 
 rations of Chromium, which are used to any extent in medicine. 
 The latter is noticed with the potassium salts. 
 
 428. Acidum Chromicum. 
 
 Chromic Anhydride — Chromic Acid. 
 C1-O3. 
 
 With oxygen Chromium forms five compounds, namely, 
 Chromous oxide, CrO, Chromium dioxide, CrO s , Chromium 
 trioxide, Cr0 3 , Chromic oxide, Cr 2 3 , trichromic tetroxide, 
 Cr 3 4 . 
 
 The Trioxide of Chromium is the official chromic anhydride, 
 or, as it is more commonly known, Chromic Acid. It is pre- 
 pared according to the 1885 Br. P. as follows: 
 
 Bichromate of Potassium, .... 30 ounces av. 
 Sulphuric Acid (Imp. measure), . . 57 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in a mixture of 50 
 fl. ounces of water and 42 fl. ounces of the acid, set aside 
 for 12 hours, and decant the liquor from the crystals 
 of acid sulphate of potassium that have separated. Heat 
 the liquor to about 185 F. (85 C), and add the remainder of 
 the acid and water sufficient to just redissolve any crystals of 
 chromic acid that may have formed. Allow to cool, collect 
 and drain the crystals, and dry them on porous tiles at a tem- 
 perature not exceeding ioo° F. in an air-bath. From the 
 mother liquor more crystals may be obtained on evaporation. 
 
 Uses. — Chromic Acid is a caustic and antiseptic, and is 
 used for removing warts and other morbid growths. ■ It is not 
 given internally. Some other Chromium Compounds arc 
 known and sometimes used, as Bromide 0/ Chromium, Cr 2 Br , 
 Dicidoridc of Chromium, CrCl 2 , Fluoride of Chromium, Cr 2 Fl , 
 Iodide of Chromium, Crl r ,, Sulphate of Chromium, Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , 
 but they are usually furnished by chemists when wanted. 
 
240 COBALTUM — COBALT. COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 
 
 COBALTUM — COBALT. 
 
 Symbol, Co; Atomic weight, 58.9; sp. gr. 8.5. 
 
 An elementary metal, classed chemically with nickel and 
 tin, and usually found in nickel and arsenical ores. It is a 
 tough, brittle, white metal when pure ; but the " Cobalt " 
 which is sold in the stores as Flystojie is a native ore, contain- 
 ing arsenic, CoAs 3 , and owes its value as a fly poison to the 
 arsenic it contains. 
 
 The black Oxide of Cobalt is much employed in the arts, 
 especially as a basis of fine pigments, as its salts produce 
 rich colors. The acetate, chloride, nitrate and sulphate of 
 Cobalt are used for making sympathetic inks, which are invisi- 
 ble on the paper, but may be developed by moisture, 
 heat, etc. 
 
 Barometer Paper is made by dipping white paper in a soluticn 
 of Chloride of Cobalt. When dry the color is blue, but 
 increased moisture in the atmosphere changes the color to 
 pink. 
 
 The Salts of Cobalt are not employed in medicine, and are 
 seldom used in pharmacy, except as above noted. They may 
 be made in a general way by dissolving the oxide or carbonate 
 of Cobalt in acids, and crystallizing or precipitating. 
 
 COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 
 
 Collodions are liquid preparations made by dissolving 
 pyroxylin or gun-cotton in a mixture of ether and alcohol, 
 and adding other substances if desired. Their value consists 
 chiefly in forming a coating upon the surface to which they are 
 applied, which is utilized in the arts for various purposes, and 
 in medicine for the application of medicinal substances, or the 
 protection of the parts to which they are applied. 
 
 The volatile liquids which are contained in Collodions rapidly 
 
COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 241 
 
 evaporate when exposed to the air or applied to a surface, 
 leaving a thin flexible covering or skin. 
 
 The following are the official Collodions ; 
 
 429. Collodium. 
 
 Collodion. 
 
 Pyroxylin, or Gun-Cotton, .... y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Stronger Ether 11^3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 2,7/q fl. ounces. 
 
 Add the Alcohol to the Pyroxylin in a bottle and let stand 
 for 15 minutes, then add the Ether, and shake the mixture 
 occasionally for several days until the Pyroxylin is dissolved, 
 set aside, and when all sediment has subsided decant the clear 
 portion and keep in tightly stopped bottles away from light 
 or fire. 
 
 This is substantially the U. S. 1880 formula. The Br. for- 
 mula is Pyroxylin ]/ 2 ounce, Ether 18 fl. ounces, Rectified 
 Spirit 6 fl. ounces, making a preparation containing only about 
 two thirds as much gun-cotton as the former. 
 
 Uses.— In the arts Collodion has been extensively employed 
 in photography. In pharmacy, it is used as a basis for making 
 several preparations, and in surgery, it is considerably used 
 as a dressing for wounds, bruises, etc., forming a false mem- 
 brane or skin over the surface. It is an ingredient of most 
 of the popular corn cures, chiefly on account of its conveni- 
 ence of application. 
 
 430. Collodium cum Cantharide, U. S. 
 
 Collodion with Cantharides^ Cantharidal Collodion. 
 
 The U. S. P., [880, directs this to be made by percolating 
 60 parts of powdered Cantharides with commercial Chloroform 
 until 250 pails of tincture are obtained, then to recover by 
 distillation 200 parts of the Chloroform, evaporate the residue 
 to 15 parts, and dissolve in 85 parts of flexible collodion to 
 make 1 00 parts. 
 
242 COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 
 
 The following formula is essentially the same, and is to be 
 preferred, as it makes a stronger and better preparation : 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Cantharides (in fine powder). ... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Pyroxylin, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir), . 320 grains. 
 
 Castor Oil, 160 grains. 
 
 Stronger Ether, 1 15/ 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, . . . 3^-8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Commercial Chloroform, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pack the Cantharides firmly in the water-bath percolator, 
 and pour upon it a pint of Chloroform, adjusting the cover 
 tightly on the percolator. Pour water heated to about 150 
 degrees in the water-bath which surrounds the percolator, and 
 keep at a moderate heat for half an hour; then remove from 
 the fire and begin to percolate, adding Chloroform to the drug 
 in the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the 
 Cantharides is exhausted, or until about 20 fl. ounces have 
 passed. Distill off the Chloroform until only 2 ounces of the 
 extract remains. When cool, add to this extract the other 
 ingredients which have previously been made into Flexible 
 Collodion, by mixing them together, as directed for making 
 Collodion and Flexible Collodion, and, after standing without 
 agitation for 48 hours, pour off from any sediment that may 
 have subsided. 
 
 The Chloroform remaining in the drug after percolation 
 may be recovered by adjusting the still top and distilling as 
 directed. 
 
 The corresponding British preparation is as follows : 
 
 COLLODIUM VESICANS. 
 Blistering Collodion. 
 
 Blistering Liquid (Tmp. measure), . . 20 fl. ounces. 
 Pyroxylin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Add the Pyroxylin to the liquid in a stoppered bottle, and 
 shake them together until the former is dissolved. The 
 
COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 243 
 
 blistering liquid directed to be used is the Liquor Epispasticus 
 
 of the Br. P.. made from Cantharides and acetic ether. 
 
 Uses. — Cantharidal Collodion is only used externally for 
 blistering. It is best applied to the parts with a camel's-hair 
 pencil. 
 
 431. Collodium Flexile. 
 
 Flexible Collodion. 
 
 Collodion 92 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Canada Turpentine, ... 5 parts or 24 grains. 
 Castor Oil 3 parts or 14 grains. 
 
 Mix. As its name indicates, this is elastic or flexible. 
 
 432. Collodium Stypticum. 
 
 Styptic Collodion — Styptic Colloid. 
 
 Tannic Acid, 4 parts or 160 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 part or 52 minims. 
 
 Stronger Ether 4 parts or 220 minims. 
 
 Collodion 55 parts or 1 1° A- ounces. 
 
 Put the Tannic Acid in a bottle, add the Alcohol, Ether 
 and Collodion, and agitate until dissolved. 
 
 Uses. — As its name indicates, this is used as an astringent 
 and styptic. 
 
 Tin- following unofficial Collodions are sometimes called for: 
 
 433. Antiseptic, Styptic Collodion. 
 
 Tannic Acid 120 grains. 
 
 Benzoic Acid 120 grains. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 240 grains. 
 
 Collodion, 6 11. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. This is sometimes called Hemostatic Collodion. 
 
 434. Iodinal Collodion. 
 
 Iodine 120 grains. 
 
 Canada Turpentine 2 ll. drachms. 
 
 ( lollodion ^ fl .ounces. 
 
244 O M.I.i )DI A — COLLODIONS. COLORES — COLORS. 
 
 Or 
 
 Iodine, 15 grains. 
 
 Flexible Collodion i flounce. 
 
 The former formula was originally published by J. T. Shinn. It is used 
 as an absorbent application. 
 
 435. Iodoform Collodion. 
 
 Iodoform 30 grains. 
 
 Balsam of Peru 30 grains. 
 
 Green Soap 3° grains. 
 
 Flexible Collodion, sufficient quantity to make 4.80 grains. 
 
 Mix. An antiseptic dressing for ulcers, sores, etc. 
 
 436. Liebig's Corn Collodion. 
 
 German Com Ciire. 
 
 The following formula has been extensively published and used as a corn 
 remedy, its chief advantage being its convenience of application : 
 
 Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Extract of Indian Hemp, 60 grains. 
 
 Collodion, 10 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 437. Styptic Colloid. 
 
 Chloride of Iron (the Salt) 60 grains. 
 
 Collodion, ' I fl. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt in the Collodion. This is an excellent styptic for 
 checking the flow of blood, and for erysipelas, etc. 
 
 Besides the foregoing Collodions, there are a great variety which apply 
 particularly to photography, the formulae for which appear in books and 
 journals upon that subject. Some other medicinal Collodions are also made : 
 such as Aconite Collodion, Belladonna Collodion, Morphine Collodion, etc., 
 but they are prepared by mixing alcoholic fluid extracts of the drugs with 
 Collodion, and do not require special formulas. 
 
 COLORES -COLORS. 
 
 In pharmacy a variety of preparations are made for coloring 
 various medicinal and toilet preparations, juices, solutions, 
 syrups, extracts, powders, etc. They are very properly divided 
 
COLORES — COLORS. 245 
 
 into several classes, which will be considered in the order of 
 their importance in pharmacy. Many of the substances from 
 which they are made will be noticed under other headings, as 
 Anilina, Tinctoria, etc. 
 
 Coloring Liquids. 
 
 These are designed for coloring medicinal preparations, solu- 
 tions, juices, syrups, extracts, spirits, liquors, cordials, elixirs, 
 and all liquids in which it is necessary to use a harmless color- 
 ing ingredient. They must, as a rule, make clear, transparent 
 preparations when combined with aqueous solutions, or with 
 spirits containing 50 per cent, of alcohol. 
 
 438. Caramel. 
 
 Solution of Caramel, Burnt Sugar Coloring. (Brown.) 
 
 Sugar, any convenient quantity. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Put the Sugar (without water) into an iron kettle of several 
 times the capacity required for it, heat it to 410 to 430 F. as 
 long as it gives off any vapor, and until it is changed to a black, 
 viscid mass, stirring it occasionally during the operation, then 
 cool, and while cooling add hot water in the proportion of one 
 pint for each pound of the sugar used, let stand to dissolve, 
 strain the solution, and concentrate it by evaporation to a 
 syrupy consistence, or until it measures a pint for each pound 
 of sugar used. 
 
 As ordinarily made, no precaution is taken to regulate the 
 degree of heat, and for that reason a portion is converted into 
 charcoal, which is insoluble. In small operations this is unini 
 portant, but in manufacturing establishments the heat is regu- 
 lated by an oil or sand-bath, or other means, to avoid this 
 difficulty. 
 
 Uses. -Caramel is extensively used for coloring liquors, 
 bottled beverages, and in soda-water. syrups, etc. In pharmacy 
 it is employed for coloring syrups, solutions, elixirs, wines, and 
 other liquids, which are required t<> have an artificial brown 
 
240 COLORES — COLORS. 
 
 coloring. A reddish-brown is made by mixing caramel with 
 red coloring. 
 
 Preparations containing more than 50 per cent, of alcohol 
 precipitate this coloring, and it may be obtained pure in the 
 form of a mass or powder by pouring it into strong alcohol, 
 and afterwards washing the precipitate with alcohol. 
 
 439. Carmine Coloring. 
 
 Solution of Carmine. (Red.) 
 
 Carmine, No. 40, 120 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium (Salts of Tartar), 60 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, x / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, . . - 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Carmine with the Salts of Tartar to a fine powder, 
 and then with the Glycerin, Water of Ammonia, and lastly 
 with the Water, added in successive portions to rinse out the 
 mortar. This is a strong red coloring, easily made, and will 
 keep permanently. 
 
 Uses. — This solution may be used for coloring all neutral 
 elixirs, solutions, tinctures, syrups, etc., which do not contain 
 a large percentage of alcohol. It is precipitated by acids, and 
 cannot therefore be employed for coloring acid syrups, etc. 
 It makes a fine Red ox Carmine Ink, and may be perfumed by 
 diluting with an equal quantity of Orange Flower or Rose 
 Water, and used as u Liquid Ronge." It may be used for giving 
 a " flesh" tint to liquid face cosmetics, and may be mixed with 
 face powders to give them the same. 
 
 440. Cochineal Red. 
 
 Cochineal, 1 pound av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Grind the Cochineal to a coarse powder, mix the alcohol 
 with one pint of Water, and dissolve the Sal Soda in the mix- 
 
COLORES — COLORS. 247 
 
 ture, moisten the powder with the liquid, put in a water-bath 
 percolator, pour upon it the remainder of the liquid, allow to 
 stand 24 hours, heat moderately for one hour, then percolate, 
 adding water to the drug after the liquid has disappeared from 
 the surface, and continuing the percolation until 1^ pints of 
 the percolate have passed, which reserve, continue the perco- 
 lation with water until a pint more has passed, which evapo- 
 rate to 4 fl. ounces, and add to the reserved portion. 
 
 Uses. — This may be used the same as the Carmine solution 
 for coloring all neutral elixirs, syrups, etc. When added to an 
 acid preparation the color is very much weakened, and a pre- 
 cipitate eventually forms. 
 
 441. Cochineal Fruit Red. 
 
 Cochineal, I pound av. 
 
 Cream of Tartar 2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 Make in the same manner as No. 440. 
 
 Uses. — This coloring may be used with fruit juices or 
 syrups, wines or other mildly acid preparations, and gives with 
 them a bright reel color. It may also be used with neutral 
 liquids. 
 
 442. Cudbear Red. 
 
 Cudbear I pound av. 
 
 .Alcohol I pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 olate and proceed in the same manner as is directed for 
 making Cochineal Red (440). This is also known as Tinctura 
 Persionis. 
 
 Uses. — This makes an excellent red coloring, which maybe 
 used for all neutral and arid preparations. It is similar to 
 most of the " Fruil Coloring" that is sold by dealers in soda- 
 water supplies. Acids brighten but do not weaken its color; 
 
 with alkalies it gives a purple color. 
 
248 Co I. ORES — COLORS. 
 
 443. Grass-Green. 
 
 Fresh Lawn Grass, . * . . an)- convenient quantity. 
 Alcohol, a sufficiency. 
 
 Cut the grass fine, put it in a wide-mouthed bottle, as com- 
 pactly as possible, and cover it with alcohol, let stand a few 
 days, with occasional agitation, and pour off the liquid, which 
 will be a dark-green color. The Cliloropliyll of the grass is 
 dissolved by the alcohol. 
 
 Uses. — This is used for coloring bay rum, and some liquors 
 and cordials. As it is only slightly soluble in water, it is not 
 recommended for aqueous preparations, a solution of sap- 
 green being used for these. 
 
 444. Lemon-Yellow. 
 
 For coloring Extract of Lemon or other spiritous solutions 
 a natural lemon-yellow, chop the peel of lemons and cover 
 them with alcohol, allow them to stand for a few weeks, then 
 pour off the liquid. 
 
 445. Fustic-Yellow. 
 
 Ground Fustic Wood, 1 pound. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pack the Fustic in a percolator, pour sufficient diluted alco- 
 hol upon it to cover it, and after standing 24 hours percolate, 
 adding enough diluted alcohol through the percolator to make 
 two pints of the percolate. 
 
 Uses. — This may be used for imparting a yellow color to 
 an} 7 preparation desired. For coloring Lemon Extract it is 
 perhaps better to put the Fustic in the filter instead of using 
 this. 
 
 446. Litmus Blue. 
 
 The method of making a solution of Litmus has already 
 been described (415). This solution maybe used for coloring 
 neutral preparations, but is changed to red if acid is present. 
 
COLORES — COLORS. 249 
 
 447. Orange. 
 
 For coloring orange flavoring extract made from Oil of 
 Orange or other spiritous solutions a true orange color, chop 
 the peels of oranges and cover them with alcohol, allow them 
 to stand for a few weeks, then pour off the liquid. 
 
 Saffron Orange may be made from Saffron in the same 
 manner as 444, and is a fine coloring for many preparations. 
 
 Tumeric, with alcoholic solutions, makes a light orange 
 color. 
 
 Annatto, or Arnatto, makes a reddish orange color in solu- 
 tions. 
 
 448. Butter Color. 
 
 Alain- proprietary preparations have been extensively sold 
 for coloring butter. The first put upon the market were solu- 
 tions of the coloring principles of arnatto or annatto in strong 
 alkali. These had the disadvantages of being unpalatable and 
 coloring the buttermilk, making it unfit for use, but are still 
 used for coloring cheese. For coloring butter, Oil colors which 
 combine with the butter only, and do not color the butermilk, 
 are now used entirely. The best Butter Color may be made 
 from Aintattoine,t\\e. coloring principle of Annatto, as follows: 
 
 Annattoine, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Salad ( )il ( Purified Cotton Seed Oil) suffi- 
 cient to make I gallon. 
 
 Rub the Annattoine with a portion (say I pint) of the Salad 
 ( )il until it is a smooth mixture of uniform consistence. Grind 
 the mixture very fine through a paint mill, or by continued 
 rubbing in a mortar. Add it to the remainder of the Oil, and 
 lie.ii by water-bath, with occasional stirring, for 4 hours or 
 1 : then, when cool, strain or filter through paper. 
 
 As thus prepared this is equal to any <>f the Butter Colors 
 on the market, provided only the right materials be used in 
 making it. The Annattoine must be free from adulteration, 
 and the Salad ( )il free from odi ir. 
 
250 COLORES — COLORS. 
 
 Colors for Powders, Etc. 
 
 For coloring tooth powders and pastes and face powders, 
 Solution of Carmine may be most advantageously used by first 
 rubbing a portion of the powder thoroughly with it to form a 
 stiff mass, and then incorporating this by rubbing with the 
 remainder of the powder. If powdered carmine is used instead 
 of the solution, great care must be taken to have it finely 
 powdered and thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients. 
 
 Other colors for powders are seldom required, but if they 
 are, some harmless drug or pigment may be used, as charcoal 
 or ivory black for black, tumeric for yellow, red saunders for a 
 cheap red, etc. 
 
 Show Bottle Colors. 
 
 Colors for show bottles, to be satisfactory, must be bright, 
 transparent, and permanent, able to stand the sunlight without 
 precipitation and changes of temperature incident to the 
 climate without freezing in winter or decomposing in summer. 
 To meet all these requirements, solutions of mineral substances, 
 containing a percentage of alcohol or acid sufficient to keep 
 them, are generally best adapted. The aniline colors, although 
 bright and beautiful, usually refract light, and are soon faded 
 or decomposed by the action of sunlight. 
 
 The following hints will be serviceable in preparing show- 
 bottle colors : 
 
 Use rain water or distilled water for making them, to avoid 
 precipitates. 
 
 If in a cold climate use 15 to 25 per cent, of alcohol to avoid 
 freezing; in a warm climate much less, or even none, is 
 required in most of the colors. 
 
 Filtering properly is very important ; do not be satisfied 
 until your colors are perfectly transparent. They may require 
 to be filtered once or twice a year, but their improved appear- 
 ance well repays the cost. 
 
 Do not make the colors for the large globes too strong or 
 dark ; deeper colors can be used in the small globes. 
 
COLORES — COLORS. 251 
 
 The following colors are readily made, simple and inexpen- 
 sive, and will be found satisfactory: 
 
 449. Amber, Lemon or Orange. 
 
 Any shade of yellow that may be desired, from a light amber or lemon 
 to a deep orange, may be made by taking : 
 
 Chromic Acid 5 to 60 grains. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Dissolve and filter. 
 
 Bichromate of Potassium, which is usually used for making an amber 
 color, deposits a coating of insoluble matter on the glass very difficult to 
 remove, and soon renders the color dim. When Chromic Acid is used, this 
 is avoided. 
 
 450. Blue. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper, Blue Vitriol 2 pounds av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid S rl. ounces. 
 
 Warm Water sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Dissolve the Blue Vitriol in the Water, add the Acid and filter. 
 
 This makes a very Deep Blue ; a Medium Blue may be made by diluting 
 one half with water, a Light Blue by diluting with from 4 to 8 parts of water, 
 according to shade desired. A fine Blue may also be made by dissolving 
 Copper in Nitric Acid, and diluting with water. 
 
 451. Crimson. 
 
 Alkanet Root 1 pound av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine 1 gallon. 
 
 olate the Alkanet Root with the Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 This may be made any lighter shade of crimson by diluting with Oil of 
 Turpentine. This will not, of course, mix with other colors. 
 
 452. Green. 
 
 Add to each gallon of Blue from 10 to 60 grains of chromic Arid, accord- 
 ing to >1 1 desired. An) shadi of Green from a deep Blue-Green 
 to a ri'h ( Hive may he made by varying the quantity of ( :hromic Acid. For 
 Medium Green dilute the Green thus made with an equal quantity ol 
 for Light Green dilute with from 4 to 8 parts of watei to Lhi 
 
252 COLORES — COLORS. 
 
 453. Red or Scarlet. 
 
 Cudbear yi ounce av. 
 
 Nitric Acid 4 rl. ounces. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix, allow to stand 24 hours, and filter. 
 
 To make Medium Red, dilute with an equal quantity of water ; to make 
 Light Ned, or Pink, dilute with 4 to 8 parts of water, as required to produce 
 the desired tint. 
 
 454. Violet. 
 
 Cudbear 60 grains. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia, 4 ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 1 gallon. 
 Mix. allow to stand 24 hours and filter. For lighter shades of violet dilute 
 with water. 
 
 455. Wine Color. 
 
 Caramel Solution sufficient. 
 
 Water 7 pints. 
 
 Alcohol, .... 1 pint. 
 
 Mix sufficient of the Caramel with the Water and Alcohol to make the 
 desired color, and filter. 
 
 A wine color may also be made by dissolving a few grains of iodine in a 
 pint of alcohol, and adding water sufficient to make a gallon, then a few 
 drops of nitric acid until the right shade is produced. 
 
 The foregoing are the principal colors used in show bottles, but as many 
 more as may be desired may be made by combining them. Some of the 
 aniline colors make very fine effects, but are not so permanent as the pre- 
 ceding. If two or three colors are desired in one globe, amber, blue, or 
 green may be used to partly fill the globe, and the crimson poured carefully 
 upon it to fill. The turpentine color will remain permanently at the top. 
 
 Many other substances which are naturally colored may be used in show 
 bottles, as fruit juices mixed with alcohol and water, oils of various kinds, 
 either natural or colored, etc., but the foregoing are the cheapest and best. 
 
 Colored Fires. 
 
 Although the manufacture of colored fires may not prop- 
 erly be included in the practice of pharmacy, the druggist is 
 frequently called upon to prepare them. 
 
 The following formulae are designed for making fires suit- 
 able for theatrical illuminations, street parades, etc., which are 
 the kinds usually required to be made by druggists. In the 
 
COLO RES — COLORS. 253 
 
 manufacture of fire-works a great variety of colored fires are 
 made, but their formulas are not important to the druggist. 
 
 In making colored fires it is necessary to observe some pre- 
 caution in powdering and mixing the materials. The sub- 
 stances should be separately powdered, then mixed by means 
 of a wooden spatula, and the mixture kept in tin cans away 
 from moisture or heat. The sulphur directed is sometimes 
 omitted from the formulas on account of its disagreeable vapor, 
 but it is not generally objectionable in the quantities used. 
 
 456. Blue Fire. 
 
 Dark Blue may be made by taking : 
 
 Sulphur, 1 ounce. 
 
 Burnt Alum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Copper, 1 ounce. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
 powder. 
 
 Light Blue may be made by taking : 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Burnt Alum, 2 ounces. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix the same as the preceding. 
 
 457. Green Fire. 
 
 Dark Green may be made by taking : 
 
 Nitrate of Barium 4 ounces. 
 
 Boric Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 3 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Shellac 2 ounces. 
 
 Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
 powder. 
 
 Light Green may be made by taking : 
 
 Carbonate of Barium 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix as the preceding. 
 
254 COLO RES — COLORS. 
 
 458. Red Fire. 
 
 Dark Red may be made by taking : 
 
 Nitrate of Strontium, 6 ounces. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
 powder. 
 
 Light Red or Pink may be made by using only half the quantity of the 
 Nitrate of Strontium, or as follows : 
 
 Chalk 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur, 1 ounce. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium, 3 ounces. 
 
 Charcoal X ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder and mix as the preceding. 
 
 459. Violet Fire. 
 
 Burnt Alum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium, 4 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
 powder. 
 
 460. White Fire. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 8 ounces. 
 
 Charcoal % ounce. 
 
 Sulphur, 1 ounce. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder and mix as the preceding. 
 
 461. Yellow Fire. 
 
 Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Dried Carbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium 5 ounces. 
 
 Shellac 1 ounce. 
 
 Powder and mix as the preceding. 
 
 The foregoing are all the Colored Fires that are generally required for 
 theatrical illuminations, street parades, etc., but a great variety of other colors 
 
CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. '2oo 
 
 may be made by variously combining them, and many shades of color may 
 be made by varying the quantities of the ingredients used. 
 
 Liquid Colored Fires or Flames. 
 
 These may be made by dissolving certain substances to saturation in Al- 
 cohol or other liquids which will dissolve them, and burn with rapidity. They 
 are best ignited in a shallow iron pan, which for safety should be set in a 
 shallow pan of water. Considerable caution is required in burning these 
 liquids, that accidents may be prevented. 
 
 The substances used should be finely powdered and triturated with the Al- 
 cohol in a mortar. 
 
 Blue may be made by dissolving Acetate of Zinc in Alcohol ; Gran, bv 
 dissolving Boric Acid in Alcohol ; Red, by dissolving Nitrate of Strontium in 
 Alcohol, or by making a strong Tincture of Lycopodium ; Violet, bv dissolv- 
 ing Carbonate of Potassium in Alcohol ; Yellow, by dissolving Nitrate of 
 Sodium in Alcohol ; White, by dissolving Camphor in Alcohol. 
 
 Another method of exhibiting Colored Fires, and perhaps the best of all, is 
 to mix the finely powdered substances which produce the colors, as above, 
 with a moderately thick Solution of Shellac in Alcohol. They are thus sus- 
 pended, and when burned give forth their characteristic color. 
 
 CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 
 
 Confections are substances resembling soft, solid extracts, 
 prepared by incorporating medicines with sugar or other sac- 
 charine matter and aromatics. They were once very popular, 
 but arc now little used. Similar preparations, varying some- 
 what in consistence and manner of making, were formerly 
 known as Electuaries and Conserves, and as such they are still 
 called for occasionally. 
 
 Confections and Conserves. 
 
 Of the Confections formerly official but two only were re- 
 tained in the U. S. iS<So Pharmacopoeia. The 1X85 Br. P. 
 retains eight. 
 
 Several popular proprietary articles, such as Fruit-Laxatives, 
 etc., arc Confections, put up in attractive form. 
 
 In French Pharmacy under the name Conserves a great va- 
 riety of fresh leaves and petals of plants arc made into mass by 
 
256 C< ►NFECTK >NES — CONFECTII >NS. 
 
 beating or pounding with sugar, until they are thoroughly in- 
 corporated. The proportion of sugar used varies from double 
 to three times the quantity, by weight, of the fresh leaves. 
 The following formulae are representative of the whole class : 
 
 462. Conserve de Cochlearia. 
 
 Confection of Scurvy Grass. 
 
 Scurvy Grass Leaves, fresh, 1 part. 
 
 Sugar 3 parts. 
 
 Beat the two substances in a mortar until they are reduced to a pulpy- 
 mass, which should then be passed through a hair-cloth sieve by the aid of a 
 flat-ended wooden spatula. 
 
 In French Pharmacy the leaves or flowers of several plants containing 
 considerable water are made into Conserves in the same manner and with 
 the same proportion of sugar as sorrel, fumitory, the cresses, peach and 
 violet flowers, etc., are made into Confections in this manner. 
 
 Other Conserves of leaves which contain considerable moisture are made in 
 the same proportion, but those containing less moisture are made as follows : 
 
 463. Conserves de Laurier-Cerise. 
 
 Confection of Cherry-Laurel Leaves. 
 
 Cherry-Laurel Leaves, fresh 1 part. 
 
 Sugar, 2 parts. 
 
 Make in the same manner as the preceding. 
 
 A great variety of leaves and flowers are made into conserves in this 
 proportion. 
 
 U. S. and Br. Official Confections. 
 
 The following are the confections official in the U. S. and 
 Br. Pharmacopoeias : 
 
 464. Confectio Opii, Br. 
 
 Confection of Opium. 
 
 Compound Powder of Opium, . 100 grains or 1 part. 
 Syrup, - . . 300 grains or 3 parts. 
 
 Mix. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. 
 
CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 257 
 
 As the compound powder of Opium contains 10 per cent, 
 of opium, this is about the same as the U. S. 1870 prepara- 
 tion, which was made as follows: 
 
 Opium, in fine powder, 270 grains. 
 
 Aromatic Powder, 6 tr.ounces. 
 
 Clarified Honey, 14 tr.ounces. 
 
 Mix, etc. 
 
 This confection was much used during the past century 
 under the names of Theriaca and Mithridate i wonderful 
 virtues being ascribed to it. It is still occasionally called for 
 by those names. 
 
 465. Confectio Piperis, Br. 
 
 Confection of Pepper. 
 Black Pepper, in fine powder, . 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
 Caraway Fruit, in fine powder, . 3 ounces or 3 parts. 
 Clarified Honey, 15 ounces or 15 parts. 
 
 Rub them well together in a mortar. Dose, 60 to 120 grains. 
 
 466. Confectio Rosas Caninas, Br. 
 
 Confection of Hips. 
 
 Hips, deprived of their seed-like fruits, . . I part. 
 Refined Sugar 2 parts. 
 
 Beat the Hips to a pulp in a stone mortar, and rub the pulp 
 through a sieve, then add the sugar and rub them well together. 
 
 To American druggists, who are unacquainted with " Hips," 
 it may be explained that it is the oval red fruit of the dog rose 
 or wild brier, common in fields and hedges. 
 
 467. Confectio Rosae, U. S. 
 
 Confectio Rosce Gallic<z y Br, — Confection of Rose. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Kid Rose (the dried petals), in No. 60 powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, [6 ounces. 
 
 < larified Honey 3 ounces. 
 
 Rose Water 4 ounces. 
 
258 < ' ( >NFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 
 
 Rub the Rose (petals) with the Rose Water, heated to 
 6f C. (149° F.), then gradually add the Sugar and Honey, and 
 beat the whole together until thoroughly mixed. 
 The British formula is: 
 
 Fresh Red-Rose Petals, . .... I part or 1 pound. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 3 parts or 3 pounds. 
 
 Beat the Petals to a pulp in a stone mortar, add the Sugar, 
 and rub them well together. This is used in making several 
 official pills, and is much prescribed in pill masses, etc. 
 
 468. Confectio Scammonii, Br. 
 
 Confection of Scammony. 
 Resin of Scammony, in powder, . 6 oz. or 48 parts. 
 
 Ginger, in powder, 3 oz - or 2 4 P arts - 
 
 Oil of Caraway, % A.oz. or 2 fl.parts. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, }8 fl-oz. or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Syrup, 6 fl - oz - or 48 fl-parts. 
 
 Clarified Honey, 3 oz. or 24 parts. 
 
 Rub the Powders with the Syrup and the Honey into a uni- 
 form mass, then add the Oils and mix. Dose, 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 469. Confectio Senna. 
 
 Confection of Senna. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Senna, in No. 60 powder, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Coriander, in No. 40 powder, .... 6 • ounces av. 
 
 Cassia Fistula, bruised, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Tamarind, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Prune, sliced, 7 ounces av. 
 
 Fig bruised, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 5° ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity, .... S7 l A A.ounces. 
 
 "Place the Cassia Fistula, Tamarind, Prune and Fig in a 
 close vessel with 3 pints of water, and digest for 3 hours by 
 
COXFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 259 
 
 means of a water-bath. Separate the coarser portion with the 
 hand, and rub the pulpy mass first through a coarse hair sieve 
 and then through a fine one, or through a muslin cloth. Mix 
 the residue with the remainder of the water, and having digested 
 the mixture for a short time, treat as before, and add the pro- 
 duct to the pulpy liquid first obtained. Then by means of a 
 water-bath dissolve the Sugar in the pulpy liquid and evapo- 
 rate the whole until it weighs 84 ounces avoirdupois. Lastly, 
 add the Senna and Coriander, and incorporate them thoroughly 
 with the other ingredients while yet warm." 
 
 The finished product should weigh 100 ounces av. 
 
 The Br. formula does not differ materially from this, except 
 that extract of liquorice is added. 
 
 Confections similar to this are put up in masses of about a 
 drachm covered with silver leaf, and sold as Fruit Laxatives 
 or Cathartic Lozenges. 
 
 470. Confectio Sulphuris, Br. 
 
 Confection of Sulphur. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Acid Tartrate of Potassium, . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 Syrup of Orange Peel, .... 4 fl. ounces or 4 fl. parts. 
 Tragacanth, in powder, . . .18 grains or -} T part. 
 
 Rub them well together. Dose, 60 to I 20 grains. 
 
 471. Confectio Terebinthenae, Br. 
 
 Confection of Turpentine. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine 1 II. ounce or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder, . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 Clarified Honey, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
 
 Rub the Oil of Turpentine with the Liquorice, add the 
 Honey, and mix to a uniform consistence. Dose, 60 to [20 
 
 grains. 
 
260 CONFECTIONES — CONFECTN >NS. 
 
 Other Confections, Conserves and Electuaries. 
 
 The foregoing official Confections embrace nearly all for 
 which there is a demand, except those occasionally called for 
 in recipes from old works on medicine and pharmacy. 
 
 No class distinction is now made between Confections, Con- 
 serves, and Electuaries, but they were formerly classified sep- 
 arately, according to their characteristics. Confections being of 
 firmer consistence, and usually made of dry ingredients mixed 
 with sugar, and made up in the form of an extract. Con- 
 serves being of about the same consistence, but prepared from 
 fresh leaves, flowers, fruit, or other vegetable matter mixed 
 with sugar to a stiff pasty mass. Electuaries being of much 
 softer consistence, and prepared generally by mixing powdered 
 substances with syrup, honey, or other saccharine liquids. 
 
 This distinction is now done away with, and all are classed 
 under the head of Confections, but are liable to be called for 
 by old names. The following are the most important: 
 
 472. Aromatic Confection. — Aromatic Powder. 4 tr. ounces, mixed with 
 Clarified Honey 4 tr. ounces, or a sufficient quantity to make a mass of the 
 proper consistence. This was formerly official in the U. S. P. 
 
 473. Confection of Almonds or Almond Paste. — Sweet Almonds, 8 
 ounces; White Sugar, 4 ounces; Powdered Acacia, 1 ounce. Blanch the 
 Almonds, and beat them with the other ingredients until all are reduced to a 
 uniform smooth confection. 
 
 Milk of Almonds may be prepared from this confection by rubbing a por- 
 tion of it with water and straining through cloth. 
 
 474. Confection of Orange Peel. — Sweet Orange Peel, recently sepa- 
 rated from the fruit by grating, 1 tr. ounce ; Sugar, 3 tr.ounces. Beat them 
 together into a confection. This was formerly official in the U. S. P. 
 
 Confet turn of Lemon may be made in the same way. 
 
 475. Candied Sweet Flag. — Fresh Sweet Flag or Calamus is peeled, cut 
 in pieces or sliced, and simmered with syrup for several hours, then drained 
 and dried. Many other confections of fresh aromatic roots, barks, fruit and 
 (lowers, may be prepared in the same manner. Angelica root, ginger root, 
 lemon and orange peel, rose and violet flowers, and some of the aromatic 
 seeds or fruits, as caraway, fennel, etc., are thus prepared. 
 
 Most of the other confections, conserves and electuaries are of the past, 
 and so seldom called for that their formulas are omitted. 
 
CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 261 
 
 CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 
 
 In pharmacy a few preparations similar to elixirs are prepared 
 and dispensed under the name of Cordials. They have prob- 
 ably derived their name from their similarity to the French 
 Ratafias, Cordials or Liqueurs, which are highly flavored, 
 stimulating beverages, weak in spirit and sweetened. In this 
 class only those cordials which are well known to Amer- 
 ican pharmacy will be included, the others being mentioned 
 under the heading Liqueurs, Ratafias, etc. Many preparations 
 that are popularly known as Cordials will be found among the 
 Elixirs, Proprietary Remedies, etc. 
 
 476. Calisaya Cordial. 
 
 Calisuya Bark 4 ounces av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Peel, fresh 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark 2 ounces av. 
 
 Anise Seed, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Angelica Seed or Root, I drachm. 
 
 Cloves, I drachm. 
 
 Cardamom Seed I drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Rose Water I pint. 
 
 Sugar 3 pounds. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Chop tin- ( )range Peel f-inc and grind the drugs to a coarse 
 powder, pour the Alcohol upon them and macerate for 48 
 hours; then pour off the Alcohol, transfer the drugs to a per- 
 colator, pour the alcoholic tincture upon them and percolate. 
 When no more percolate will drop add to the drugs in the 
 percolator, first, the Rose Water and then water, continuing 
 the percolation until 6 pints altogether of percolate is oh 
 tained. Filter clear, dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and add 
 enough water passed through the drugs in the percolator to 
 make a gallon of the Cordial. It may be colored red, if de- 
 sired. 
 
262 CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 
 
 This is considerably used to disguise the taste of quinine, 
 and other disagreeable medicines, and also as a pleasant tonic 
 cordial. Dose half a wine glassful. 
 
 477. Curacao Cordial. 
 
 Aromatic Cordial. Elixir Curacoa. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in very coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cloves, in fine powder, 80 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon in fine powder, 80 grains. 
 
 Cochineal in fine powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Oil of Sweet Orange, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, triple, .... 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Holland Gin, I pint. 
 
 Alcohol 2 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 3 pounds av. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Pour the Alcohol upon the drugs, add the Oil of Orange, 
 and macerate for 2 days ; then add the Gin and 3 pints of 
 Water, macerate for a week, filter and add the Sugar and 
 enough water to make a gallon of the cordial. 
 
 Fresh sweet orange peel, half a pound, may be used instead 
 of the bitter orange peel. 
 
 Curacao Cordial may also be made from the oils as follows : 
 
 Oil of Sweet Orange, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Cassia, 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Neroli, 15 minims. 
 
 Sugar, 3 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 l / 2 pints. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Mix the Oils with the Alcohol, add the Water, and, after 
 macerating a day or two, filter, dissolve the Sugar in the fil- 
 trate, and color with Cochineal Coloring. 
 
 Curacao Cordial is used as a pleasant vehicle for the 
 administration of medicines, and as an adjuvant. It is also 
 frequently employed as the base of various elixirs. 
 
CORDIALES — CORDIALS. CREASOTUM — CREASOTE. 263 
 
 478. Gentian Cordial. 
 
 Gentian Root, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Peel, fresh, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Licorice Root, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Angelica Root or Seed, 1 drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, .2 pints. 
 
 Water, 5 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2y 2 pounds. 
 
 Chop the Orange Peel fine and grind the drugs to a coarse 
 powder ; macerate for two days with the Alcohol, and pour off; 
 transfer the drugs to a percolator and percolate with the al- 
 coholic tincture ; add the Water in the percolator, and when 
 all the percolate is obtained, dissolve in it the Sugar, and 
 filter. 
 
 This is a pleasant appetizing Cordial and tonic. Dose half 
 a wine-glassful. 
 
 479- 
 
 CREASOTUM — CREASOTE. 
 
 Crcasote is an oil)- liquid of a smoky odor, similar in com- 
 position and characteristics to carbolic acid. It is obtained 
 by the dry distillation of wood, and from smoke, pyroligneous 
 acid, soot, etc. It is frequently called for as Oil of Soot. 
 
 But little true Wood Crcasote is now to be found in the 
 market, it being mostly adulterated with, or entirely sub- 
 stituted by, Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Uses. — Creasote is used in medicine in minute doses to 
 check internal mucous irritation, and as a cleansing application 
 in ointments, for ulcers and sores; but it is best known as a 
 remedy for toothache, for which it 
 internally is from y£ to 2 minims, 
 largely diluted. 
 
 ; quite popular. The dose 
 
 ) tin' form of emulsion or 
 
264 CUPRUM — COPPER. 
 
 CUPRUM — COPPER. 
 
 Symbol, Cu ; Atomic weight, 63.5; sp. gr. 8.9. 
 
 Copper is a well-known metallic element, extensively em- 
 ployed in the arts and industries of the world, and used by 
 many nations as a small-money coin. It is found native, and 
 combined in the form of ore in all parts of the world. 
 
 In the arts, alloys of copper are much used. Bronze, brass, 
 german silver, gun metal, bell metal, and many others being 
 made by combining it with various other metals. It is also 
 used as an alloy of gold in gold coins and in making jewelry. 
 
 The following formulae show the composition of some of the 
 principal alloys into which copper enters : 
 
 480. Brass. — Copper and zinc combine together in all proportions to form 
 brass, which varies in color according to the proportion of the metals. 
 
 Prince Rupert's Metal, Pinchbeck and Mannheim Gold, contain 75 to 80 
 per cent, of copper, and are considerably used for making cheap jewelry. 
 
 Tombac contains 84.5 per cent, of copper and 15.5 per cent, of zinc. It 
 is used for making "Dutch metal," an imitation of gold leaf ; used extensively 
 for cheap work. 
 
 Casting Brass varies in composition as required for different purposes, 
 but the usual proportion is about 70 per cent, of copper with 30 per cent, 
 of zinc. Other metals are sometimes added in small proportions. 
 
 By lacquering brass with various kinds of lacquer it is made to imitate 
 bronze. 
 
 481. Bronze. — This is made from copper and tin in varying proportions. 
 It is used in making statuary and many other articles. Varieties of bronze 
 are known as bell metal, which is composed of about 78 parts of copper 
 to 22 parts of tin, and gun metal, which contains 90 parts of copper and 
 10 of tin. The ordinary casting bronze contains from 80 to 85 per cent, of 
 copper, 15 to 20 per cent, of tin, and 1 or 2 per cent, of zinc. 
 
 Phosphor Bronze contains phosphorus, and is used for making ordnance 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 Gold Bronze is brass or bronze in very fine powder; used as a substitute 
 for -old for gilding, etc. 
 
 482. German Silver or Nickel Silver.— This is a white metal, much em- 
 ployed as a basis for plated ware and ornamental artistic metal work. It is 
 composed of copper, nickel and zinc in varying proportions, to which other 
 metals are frequently added. The average proportion for spoons, forks, etc., 
 is 2 parts of copper, 1 of nickel, and 1 of zinc. For other purposes larger 
 or smaller proportions of the metals are used. 
 
CUPRUM — COPPER. 265 
 
 Salts of Copper, 
 
 In pharmacy the Salts of Copper are considerably used for 
 various purposes, and in medicine they are somewhat employed 
 in solutions, ointments, and plasters for external use, but 
 seldom internally. 
 
 The following are the official Salts of Copper : 
 
 483. Cupri Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Copper. 
 
 Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
 
 This is most conveniently prepared by precipitating a con- 
 centrated solution of Acetate of Lead with Sulphate of Cop- 
 per, then filtering the solution, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 This is called Normal Cupric Acetate to distinguish it from the 
 Basic Cupric Acetates, or Verdigris, which is a mixture of sev- 
 eral acetates of copper. It is used in some plasters and oint- 
 ments. 
 
 484. Cupri Nitras, Br. 
 
 Nitrate of Copper. 
 Cu(NO,) 2 3.H 2 0. 
 
 This salt is official in the Br., but not in the U. S. Pharma- 
 copoeia. It may be made by dissolving copper in nitric acid 
 diluted with water, evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 Its solution makes a permanent blue for show bottles. 
 
 485. Cupri Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate if ( 'tppcr, Blue / '/trio/. 
 CuS0 4 .5ll ,'). 
 This salt is most commonly known by the name of Blue 
 Vitriol or Blue Stone. It is the most used of any of the coppei 
 
266 CUPRUM — COPPER. 
 
 salts, and may be conveniently made by dissolving scraps of 
 copper in sulphuric acid diluted with water, by the aid of heat, 
 then evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 Dried or Anhydrous Sulphate of Copper is made by heating 
 Sulphate of Copper until its water of crystallization has vapor- 
 ized, then reducing it to a powder. It is used as a test for 
 alcohol and as an escharotic. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is considerably used in batteries for gener- 
 ating electricity, for coloring and dyeing purposes, and in medi- 
 cine for making various cleansing washes, liquids, etc. It is 
 sometimes given as an astringent in doses of }^ to 2 grains, 
 and as a quick emetic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 Of the Salts of Copper not officially recognized, the follow- 
 ing are somewhat used : 
 
 486. Ammoniated Copper.— Cu(NH 3 ) 4 S0 4 .H 2 0. — This salt was for- 
 merly official. It is made by rubbing together in a mortar 240 grains of 
 sulphate of copper and 360 grains of carbonate of ammonium until efferves- 
 cence ceases, then collecting the salt and pressing in bibulous paper. 
 
 487. Arseniate of Copper.— Cu 3 As„0 8 . — By adding a solution of sul- 
 phate of copper to a solution of arseniate of sodium, then collecting and 
 drying the precipitate. 
 
 488. Bromide of Copper. — CuBr 2 . — By dissolving oxide of copper in 
 hydrobromic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 489. Carbonate of Copper.— CuC0 3 . — By adding a solution of carbonate 
 of sodium in excess to a solution of sulphate of copper, and warming. This 
 is a green pigment. 
 
 490. Citrate of Copper.— By heating a solution of acetate of copper with 
 citric acid and crystallizing. 
 
 491. Chloride of Copper. — CuCl 2 . — By dissolving copper scraps in hydro- 
 chloric acid, evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 492. Oxides of Copper. — Suboxide of Copper, Cuprous Oxide.— 
 Cu 2 0. — By igniting copper in fine powder in the atmosphere, or by precipi- 
 tating a solution of sulphate of copper with grape sugar and caustic potassa, 
 collecting and drying the precipitate. 
 
 Oxide of Copper, Lupric Oxide — CuO. — By heating the nitrate or car- 
 bonate of copper to redness, and continuing the heat until it remains a black 
 heavy powder. 
 
 Many other salts of copper are formed with other acids, but they are unim- 
 portant. 
 
CYANOGEN. DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 267 
 
 493. CYANOGEN. 
 
 CN or Cy. 
 
 Cyanogen is a gaseous radicle, discovered by M. Guy Lussac, 
 in 1 81 5. It is most readily obtained by igniting dry cyanide 
 of mercury in a small retort, and collecting the gas over mer- 
 cury. It is colorless, and its odor resembles that of freshly- 
 bruised peach kernels. It is important in chemistry and phar- 
 macy as forming a class of acids with hydrogen and oxygen, 
 which form salts with metals and alkaline bases called Cyanides 
 or Cyannrets. Its acids are as follows : 
 
 494. Cyanic Acid — HCNO. — Made by distilling cyanuric acid deprived 
 of its water of crystallization in a retort, and collecting the vapor in a well- 
 cooled receiver. Cyanates are salts in which the hydrogen of cyanic acid is 
 replaced by some metallic base or other basic radical. 
 
 495. Hydrocyanic Acid — HCN — Prussic Acid. — This is obtained by 
 heating ferrocyanide of potassium 1% ounces with sulphuric acid 1 fl. ounce 
 (imperial measure) and 10 fl. ounces of water in a flask, and distilling, collect- 
 ing the gaseous product in water, or water mixed with alcohol, until any 
 desired percentage is obtained. The official Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid 
 contains 2 per cent, of real Hydrocyanic Acid. (See page 61.) 
 
 DECOCTA— DECOCTIONS. 
 
 Decoctions which were formerly popular forms of preparing 
 medicines have gradually given place to more scientific prepa- 
 rations, and are now seldom used. 
 
 The process of Decoction is to boil the vegetable substance's 
 for from 10 to 15 minute's in water in a covered vessel, and 
 then cool and pour off the liquid. It is obvious that the water- 
 bath percolator is the most convenient apparatus to use for 
 this purpose, as there is no danger of burning the drugs or 
 excessively heating the mixture, and when the boiling is 
 completed the liquid may be drawn off by the stop-cock. The 
 
268 DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 
 
 following general directions for making Decoctions are there- 
 fore given : 
 
 496. Decoctions by Water-bath Percolation. 
 
 The substance, coarsely comminuted, . 1 ounce av. 
 Water enough to make 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Having adjusted the perforated diaphragm or strainer in the 
 bottom of a small-sized water-bath percolator, put the substance 
 in the percolator and pour the water upon it. Cover the per- 
 colator closely with the cover, and, having filled the vessel sur- 
 rounding the percolator with water, heat to boiling. Boil for 
 15 minutes and draw off the liquid by mean of the stop-cock, 
 adding enough water through the percolator to make 10 
 fl. ounces of the product when cool. 
 
 The U. S. official directions for making Decoctions are to 
 take of 
 
 The substance, coarsely comminuted, ... 1 part. 
 Water sufficient to make 10 parts. 
 
 Put the substance into a suitable vessel provided with a 
 cover, pour upon it 10 parts of cold water, cover and boil for 
 15 minutes, then strain and add water enough to make the 
 product 10 parts. 
 
 Only two decoctions are now official in the U. S. P. They 
 are as follows : 
 
 497. Decoctum Cetrariae. 
 
 Decoction of Cctraria. 
 
 Cetraria (Iceland Moss), 364 grains. 
 
 Water enough to make a pint. 
 
 Cover the Cetraria with cold water for half an hour, express 
 and throw away the liquid. Then boil the drug with a pint of 
 water for half an hour, strain and add enough cold water 
 through the strainer to make a pint of the finished product. 
 
DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 
 
 498. Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum. 
 
 Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, crushed, 729 grains. 
 
 Sassafras, in coarse ponder, 156 grains. 
 
 Guaiacum Wood, rasped, 156 grains. 
 
 Liquorice Root, crushed, 156 grains. 
 
 Mezereum, crushed, 78 grains. 
 
 Water enough to make a pint. 
 
 Boil the Sarsaparilla and Guaiacum Wood for half an hour 
 with a pint of water; then add the Sassafras, Liquorice and 
 Mezereum, cover the vessel well and macerate, with gentle 
 heat for two hours ; then strain and add enough water through 
 the strainer to make a pint of the finished product. 
 
 The same directions should be followed when made by water- 
 bath percolation. 
 
 Of the 13 Decoctions official in the 1885 Br. P., nearly all 
 are simple decoctions, which may be included in the general 
 directions for making Decoctions; the following require special 
 mention : 
 
 499. Decoctum Aloes Compositum. 
 
 Compound Decoction of Aloes. 
 
 Soctorine Aloes, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Myrrh, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Saffron ]^ ounce av. 
 
 Carbonate- of Potassium ] + ' ounce av. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice 2 ounces aw 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamoms, 13 11. ounces. Imp. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make 50 flounces. Imp. 
 
 Boil the extracts, etc., in a pint 120 ounces) of water for 5 
 minutes, add the Saffron, cool, add the Tinct ure of Cardamoms, 
 macerate for 2 hours, then strain through flannel, adding water 
 through the strainer to make the required measure. 
 
2?<> DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. DESTILLAT.E. 
 
 500. Decoctum Cinchonae. 
 
 Decoction of Cinchona. 
 
 Red Cinchona Bark in No. 20 powder, . 1^ ounce av. 
 Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel, strain the decoc- 
 tion, when cold, and pour as much distilled water over the 
 contents of the strainer as will make the strained product 
 measure 20 ounces. 
 
 Decoction of Pareira and of Oak Bark are made in the same 
 proportion and manner by the Br. P. 
 
 501. Decoctum Granati Radicis. 
 
 Decoction of Pomegranate Root. 
 
 Pomegranate Root Bark, sliced, . . 2 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, 40 fl. ounces, Imp. 
 
 Boil down to 20 fl. ounces and strain, making the strained 
 product up to 20 fl. ounces if necessary by adding water through 
 the strainer. 
 
 The remaining official British Decoctions are all made in the 
 same manner as 500. Decoctions of Logwood, Broom, Dan- 
 delion, and Iceland Moss, are made, 1 ounce of the drug to 20 
 of water; of Barley and Poppy, 2 ounces to 20 of water; of 
 Sarsaparilla, 2 r / 2 ounces to make 20 fl. ounces of the decoction, 
 The Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla does not differ 
 materially from the U. S. All other Decoctions may be made 
 by the general official formula, or by water-bath percolation, 
 as heretofore described, in the proportion of one part of the 
 drug to make 10 parts of decoction. 
 
 DESTILLAT^ — DISTILLATES. 
 
 All preparations obtained by the process of distillation are 
 Distillates, in the same sense that all preparations made by 
 
DEXTRINUM — DEXTRIN. 271 
 
 percolation are percolates, but as distillation is a process rather 
 than a characteristic of the substances employed, the distillates 
 are classed under the various headings where they properly 
 belong. 
 
 The process of distillation in pharmacy is of great import- 
 ance. It is described on page 26. The preparations in which 
 the process is employed will be found in nearly all classes of 
 fluid galenicals. 
 
 502. DEXTRINUM — DEXTRIN. 
 
 Artificial Gum, British Gum. 
 
 When starch is subjected to the action of dilute acids at a 
 boiling temperature, it is converted into a substance resem- 
 bling gum, which is called Dextrin. The same also occurs 
 when potato starch is heated to about 36o°F. for an hour or 
 two in an oven, and in this manner it is usually prepared com- 
 mercially. In making an infusion of malt the Diastase acts 
 upon the starch, first converting it into dextrin and then into 
 sugar. 
 
 Dextrin is much used in the arts for various purposes, as a 
 substitute for gum. It is extensively used for making paste 
 and mucilage, and as a dusting for pills, and upon irritated 
 surfaces. 
 
 Dextrin Syrup or Starch Syrup is ;i syrup of high conversion, 
 containing 40 to 45 per cent, of grape sugar, and about the 
 same of dextrin. It is considerably used as a table syrup 
 under various fancy names, and is frequently directed in 
 medicinal 1 1 impounds. 
 
 503. Dextrin Mucilage. — A good mucilage may be made 
 by dissolving I part <>f dextrin in 2 parts of hot water. The 
 proportions may be varied, making a mucilage thick or thin, as 
 desired. 
 
DIALVSAT.E — DIALVSATES. 
 
 DI ALYSAT^ — DI ALYSATES. 
 
 A number of preparations made by the process of Dialysis 
 have recently been introduced to pharmacy and are somewhat 
 used, the best known being Dialysed Iron. The process of 
 Dialysis is described on page 24. The following are the 
 preparations made by the process, but it is evident that their 
 number may be largely increased. As Dialysis is a process 
 rather than a characteristic of the preparation, the Dialysates 
 might, perhaps, be more properly classed elsewhere, but, as 
 they are so few, they are given under this heading. 
 
 504. Ferrum Dialysatum. 
 
 Dialysed Iron. 
 
 A Solution of Dialysed Iron or Liquor Ferri Dialysatus may 
 be prepared as follows. It is official in the Br. P. : 
 
 Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron (Br. 
 
 P., sp. gr. 1.42), 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 
 
 Water, of each, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix 12 fl. ounces of the Iron Solution with 1 gallon of water 
 in an earthenware jar that will hold 3 gallons, and add, with 
 constant stirring, Water of Ammonia until the iron is all pre- 
 cipitated and the liquid remains alkaline. Let the precipitate 
 settle, and wash it with water, as is directed for washing pre- 
 cipitates (page 44), until the washings give no precipitate, with 
 solution of nitrate of silver. Then transfer the precipitate 
 1 Ferric hydrate) to a calico strainer; drain and express the 
 water. While still moist mix the precipitate in a jar with 2 
 fl. ounces of the Solution of Iron, same as previously used; 
 warm and stir them occasionally for a day or two until all has 
 dissolved that will; then dialyse the solution as directed, 
 changing the water every day for 10 or 12 days, or until the 
 preparation is free from styptic taste, and clear, and make the 
 dialysed solution measure 56 fl. ounces. 
 
 This should contain 5 per cent, of Oxide of Iron, and be of 
 sp. gr. 1.407. 
 
DIALYSAT.E — DIALYSATES. DIASTASE. 273 
 
 Uses. — Dialysed Iron in solution has been quite a popular 
 form of administering iron as a tonic. It is given in doses of 
 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 Dialysed Iron in Scales may be made by evaporating the 
 solution of Dialysed Iron to a syrupy consistence and spread- 
 ing upon glass. The dose is from I to 5 grains. 
 
 505. Dialysate of Aconite. 
 
 Aconite Leaves in very coarse powder, . 16 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Exhaust the drug by percolating in the water-bath perco- 
 lator with hot water and dialyse the percolate, saving the sev- 
 eral waters with which the dialysis is conducted, and evaporat- 
 ing, by means of a water-bath, to half a pint. To this add 
 half a pint of alcohol and filter. It will be noted that in this 
 case it is not the contents of the dialyser that is saved, but 
 the liquor which passes through the dialyser, and contains all 
 but the colloid matter of the percolate. 
 
 The Dialysate has the same strength of the valuable medi- 
 cinal principles of the drug as the fluid extract. 
 
 Dialysate of Belladonna, and of many other drugs, may be 
 made in the same general way. 
 
 The process of dialysis is sometimes used to separate alka- 
 loids or other principles of plants from colloid principles. 
 
 506. DIASTASE. 
 
 The peculiar ferment in malted grains which converts the 
 starch first into dextrin and then into grape sugar, or dextrose, 
 is called Diastase. It acts as a very powerful ferment; one 
 pari being sufficient to convert 2,000 parts of starch into grape 
 sugar. The chief value of extract of malt consists in the 
 of diastase that it contains after converting the starch 
 and dextrin of the malt into sugar. If this is destroyed, 
 therefore, by 1 xcessive heat or other means in making extract 
 of malt, the value of the extract is very much impaired. 
 
274 ELATERIUM. ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 Diastase may be obtained in an impure condition by making 
 an infusion of malt — not heating over 160 F. — filtering, and 
 adding the filtrate to alcohol, which precipitates the Diastase 
 in the form of a white powder, freely soluble in water. It is 
 an expensive chemical, seldom used, and rarely made, except 
 by manufacturing chemists. 
 
 507. ELATERIUM. 
 
 This is obtained from the very nearly ripe squirting cucum- 
 ber fruit by cutting the fruit lengthwise and lightly pressing 
 out the juice, then straining through a hair-cloth sieve and 
 setting aside to deposit. The supernatant liquid is then 
 poured off, the sediment poured on a linen filter and dried by 
 gentle heat on porous tiles. It requires about 40 pounds of 
 the fruit to yield half an ounce of Elaterium ; it is therefore 
 expensive and liable to adulteration. 
 
 Uses. — Elaterium is used as a purgative or hydrogogue 
 cathartic, especially in dropsical conditions. It is generally 
 given in the form of pills or powders, but its solution in alco- 
 hol is more effective. The dose is from ^ to -£$ grain, repeated 
 if necessary. 
 
 Elaterin — C 20 H 28 O 5 — is a neutral principle extracted 
 from Elaterium by treating it with alcohol, evaporating the 
 alcoholic tincture to the consistence of a thin oil, and pouring 
 it while warm into a weak boiling solution of potassa. The 
 Elaterin crystallizes, leaving the green resin in solution. The 
 dose of Elaterin is ^ of a grain. It is official in the U. S. P. 
 
 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 The class of preparations known in pharmacy as Elixirs, 
 includes a great variety of medicines widely dissimilar in char- 
 acter. The first Elixirs were acid preparations prepared by 
 alchemists and the early pharmacists. They were supposed to 
 possess wonderful virtues. " Elixir Album" and " Elixir Ru- 
 brum" were the products of wonderful manipulations, and 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 275 
 
 were said to transmute the baser metals into pure silver and 
 gold, and cure "most diseases in man's body." Later on, 
 Paracelsus originated the " Elixir Proprietatis," or " Elixir of 
 Long Life"; and still later the earlier pharmacists gave us 
 " Elixir Paregoricum," " Elixir Salutis," " Elixir Stomachi- 
 cum," " Elixir Vitriol," " Elixir Halleri," and a score of others, 
 from which have descended some of our most popular tinc- 
 tures and other similar preparations. 
 
 American Pharmacy has adopted the name " Elixir" for a 
 class of flavored, sweetened, weakly alcoholic preparations, 
 in which medicinal substances are exhibited in pleasant, pala- 
 table form, and which are designed to mitigate the aversion to 
 medicines so common to invalids and delicate people. Since 
 Elixirs have assumed this form and mission their popularity 
 has greatly increased, and, from two or three proprietary Elixirs 
 that were known thirty years ago, the number has grown to 
 hundreds, and they have come to take the place, to a great 
 extent, of tinctures and other preparations that were formerly 
 popular forms of medicine. The number of Elixirs has 
 increased so rapidly, and their combinations are so varied, that 
 it is almost impossible for the druggist to keep a stock of all 
 of them sufficient to meet the demands of his business. The 
 formula; for Elixirs which follow are therefore arranged so that 
 by keeping a few of the leading bases on hand, their combina- 
 tions can be readily made by adding various solutions, etc., 
 and thus save the trouble and expense of keeping so large a 
 variety of Elixirs on hand as would be required to supply the 
 demands of the business. 
 
 508. Elixir Flavoring. 
 
 In former editions of FENNER'S FORMULARY this was called, simply. 
 " Flavoring," but we have now adopted the above title as being more expres- 
 sive. 
 
 ( )il of Sweet Oraflge, fresh, 4 tl. ounces. 
 
 Oil "I" Caraway Seed 2 tl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Coriander Seed, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 < )il of Cassia 2 ll. drachms. 
 
 oil of Anise, or Oil of Nutmeg, . . . 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 5 ll. ounces. 
 
276 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 Mix. This is a strong Flavoring, of which one ounce is 
 sufficient for a gallon of Elixir. Many Elixir Flavoring 
 formulas have been proposed and published, but no other has 
 been found equal in all respects to the foregoing, provided 
 only that good materials are used in making it. Oil of Orange, 
 it is well known, deteriorates by age and exposure, becoming 
 terebinthine in odor, therefore it is necessary that only sweet 
 fresh Orange Oil be used, for upon that depends the flavor of 
 the Elixir. Oil of Caraway Seed, not Oil of Caraway Chaff, 
 should be used. Deodorized Alcohol, or Cologne Spirit, 
 should be employed in making the Flavoring as well as in 
 making all the Elixirs. 
 
 When dissolved in the alcohol the flavoring will keep for 
 any length of time ; it is therefore best to get the oils as fresh 
 as possible, and make them up, while fresh, in the flavoring. 
 
 Many formulas have been published for making Elixir Flav- 
 oring from the substances, instead of their oils : as fresh Orange 
 Peel, Caraway Seed, Cassia Bark, etc.; but their flavor when 
 thus prepared is uncertain, and besides the substances them- 
 selves contain astringent principles, which make inky mixtures 
 when combined with salts of iron in solution, and are other- 
 wise objectionable for the purpose. We therefore advise only 
 the Flavoring made from the Oils, and from long experience 
 choose the formula given (508) in preference to any other. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary publishes a formula quite similar, 
 under the title, 
 
 509. Spiritus Aurantii Compositus. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Orange. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Orange 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lemon . 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Coriander 160 minims. 
 
 Oil of Star Anise 40 minims. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol, enough to make 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This may be used, if preferred, in the same proportion and 
 manner as is directed in these formulae for Elixir Flavoring (508). 
 
 One objection to this is, that it is much more difficult to obtain a fresh 
 fine ( )il of Bitter Orange than of the Sweet Orange, although when fresh it 
 is to be preferred to it. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 277 
 
 510. Soluble Flavoring. 
 
 FOR ELIXIRS, ETC. 
 
 In former editions of Fenner'S Formulary this has been called " Pre- 
 pared Flavoring "; but we have now adopted the above title as being more 
 expressive. 
 
 The foregoing Flavoring (508) will not mix with the Elixir 
 base without making a cloudy or milky mixture, and Elixir 
 made with it has to be filtered through Carbonate of Magne- 
 sium or some other alkaline or absorbent material to make a 
 clear solution. 
 
 It is frequently desirable to have an Elixir Flavoring that 
 will make a clear solution when added to an elixir base, perco- 
 late or syrup, and the following is designed for that purpose : 
 
 Elixir Flavoring (508), 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2>% pints. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Mix the Flavoring with the Alcohol. Rub the Carbonate 
 of Magnesium through a wire sieve to a powder, and mix with 
 the water; then gradually add the mixture of Magnesium and 
 water to the solution of flavoring, and after standing a day or 
 two ior longer), with occasional agitation, pour off the clear 
 liquid, pour the precipitate into a paper filter, and filter the 
 poured-off liquid through the precipitate until perfectly clear. 
 
 ( )ne ounce of the Soluble Flavoring added to a pint of any 
 elixir or syrup base gives the required flavoring. 
 
 This is added to elixirs requiring percolation, after the per- 
 colation is completed, and to syrups, solutions, etc. It may 
 also be added to any elixir in which a stronger flavor may be 
 desired, and is useful for flavoring man)- medicinal preparations. 
 
 511. Elixir Percolating Menstruum. 
 
 In former editions of Fenner's Formi lary this was called "Percolating 
 Menstruum." 
 
 A.l< "\\<>\ 38 ll. ounces. 
 
 Water 72 fl. ounces. 
 
•278 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 Mix them. The proportion of Alcohol and Water used is the 
 same as is in the Elixir, and after the other ingredients, as Sugar 
 and Soluble Flavoring, are added, it is the same as the Elixir. 
 
 This Elixir Percolating Menstruum is used as a percolate 
 whenever it is necessary to obtain the strength of drugs by 
 percolation in making elixirs. The sense of this will be appar- 
 ent when it is considered that the sugar contained in the elixir 
 would be a hindrance to percolation, and that the flavoring 
 ingredients used would lose much of their strength during the 
 process and exposure of percolation. In making an elixir, 
 therefore, requiring percolation, the drugs are first percolated 
 with the percolating menstruum, the percolate filtered if neces- 
 sary, and then the sugar dissolved in the filtrate, and the solu- 
 ble flavoring added, which completes the elixir. 
 
 512. Elixirs Requiring Percolation. 
 
 When it is required to make an Elixir in which the strength 
 of the drugs is obtained by percolation, the process of water- 
 bath percolation is recommended, but ordinary percolation 
 may be employed instead, if more expedient. The following 
 is the process : 
 
 The drug or drugs, as stated in the formula. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, sufficient. 
 
 Moisten the drugs with the Elixir Percolating Menstruum, 
 and after standing a few hours in a covered vessel transfer them 
 to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour enough of 
 the percolating menstruum upon them to cover them well, and 
 set in a warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately, and after 
 one hour begin to percolate, adding the percolating menstruum 
 to the drugs in the percolator, and continuing the percolation 
 until 13 fl. ounces of percolate is obtained for each pint (16 
 fl. ounces) of the finished Elixir required. This is then to be 
 filtered if necessary, and to complete the Elixir take for each 
 pint : 
 
 The Percolate, as above, 13 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring (510), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 279 
 
 Mix them and dissolve the sugar by agitation. Should it be 
 required to remove the tannin, or otherwise treat or manipu- 
 late the percolate for any purpose, it should be done before 
 the sugar and flavoring are added. 
 
 If small quantities only of Elixirs are required to be made, 
 when the quantity of drugs used would be quite small, they 
 may best be made by macerating the drugs with elixir, instead 
 of by percolation, or, perhaps, better yet, by using fluid 
 extracts of the drugs instead of the drugs themselves. The 
 following is the method of procedure when fluid extracts are 
 used : 
 
 513. Elixirs made with Fluid Extracts. 
 
 If it is desired to use Fluid Extracts of the drugs, instead of 
 the drugs themselves, as directed in the formula, take of 
 
 Fluid Extracts of the drugs, the same fluid measure as is 
 
 directed of weight. 
 Elixir sufficient to make the required measure, as is stated 
 
 in the formula. 
 
 Mix and filter. Carbonate of Magnesium is frequently 
 added to make them filter clear. 
 
 The Elixir in this case is used instead of the Elixir Perco- 
 lating Menstruum, Soluble Flavoring and Sugar. With Fluid 
 Extracts, which precipitate badly when added to the Elixir, it 
 is best to mix them with the Percolating Menstruum and filter, 
 then add the flavoring and sugar, the same as is directed in 
 the formula. 
 
 514. Elixirs with Salts in Solution. 
 
 Some of the more soluble salts dissolve readily in the 
 Elixirs, and others require to be dissolved separately before 
 adding to them. Among the Solutions will be found for- 
 mula- for making solutions convenient for combining with 
 
 Elixirs, etc. They arc referred to in the formula' in which 
 
 they can be advantageously used. 
 
280 ELIXIRIA- 
 
 515. Detannating Elixirs. 
 
 It is necessary in making some Elixirs and other preparations 
 from substances containing tannin or astringent principles, to 
 remove these principles in order that the preparations may be 
 combined with salts of iron or other substances which would be 
 otherwise precipitated. This may be accomplished by adding 
 to the Elixirs any substance which will combine with the 
 astringent principles and form precipitates which may be 
 removed by filtration. Albumen, gelatin, and freshly precipi- 
 tated ferric hydrate are the best adapted for that purpose, as 
 they readily form precipitates with vegetable astringents. We 
 have generally chosen albumen (white of egg) as being most 
 convenient for the purpose, and have so directed in most of 
 the formulas ; but it is sometimes more expedient to use ferric 
 hydrate, especially in preparations containing a large amount 
 of astringent. To detannate with this it is necessary to make 
 a freshly precipitated ferric hydrate as is directed (see Ferri 
 Oxidum Hydratum), and mix more or less of it, as may be 
 required, with the Elixir or other preparation to be detan- 
 nated, and after standing a day or two with occasional agita- 
 tion, filtering through calico. The filtered liquid is then to be 
 tested with tincture of iron, and if tannin still remains in 
 solution (as is shown by an inky color when it is added), more 
 of the ferric hydrate must be added and the Elixir treated as 
 before. This process is tedious, but thorough, and is preferred 
 by some to any other, but in our experience albumen is suffi- 
 cient for most purposes and is much to be preferred in the 
 way of convenience. 
 
 516. Elixir. 
 
 Simple Elixir. 
 
 The simple base which is used for making Elixirs, the same 
 as water is used for dissolving salts, or diluted alcohol for 
 making tinctures, is variously called Elixir, Simple Elixir, 
 Aromatic Elixir, Cordial Elixir, Curacoa Cordial Elixir Adju- 
 vans, etc. This base will be designated in the formulae which 
 follow simply as Elixir. 
 
 In making Elixir, only the best material should be used, the 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 281 
 
 Elixir Flavoring must be good, deodorized Alcohol or Cologne 
 Spirit should be used ; granulated Sugar is the best and most 
 convenient, as it may readily be poured into a bottle. The 
 following is the formula : 
 
 Elixir Flavoring (508), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol (Cologne Spirit), . 38 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 4^ pints, or 72 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 2^< pounds, or 40 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Mix 2 ounces of the Alcohol with the Elixir Flavoring. Rub 
 the Magnesium Carbonate through a wire sieve to reduce it 
 to a powder, then transfer it to a mortar that will hold at 
 least two pints, add the mixture of Flavoring and Alcohol, 
 and rub them well together. Mix the remaining 36 ounces of 
 Alcohol with the Water, triturate two pints of the mixture 
 with the contents of the mortar, and filter the mixture into 
 the remaining mixture of Alcohol and Water, then dissolve 
 the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation, and filter the whole 
 Elixir through the same filter to make it bright and clear. If 
 it is desired to increase the strength of flavor of the Elixir, a 
 larger quantity of the Elixir Flavoring and a corresponding 
 quantity of Carbonate of Magnesium may be used. 
 
 In making larger quantities of Elixir, as, say, 5 gallons or 
 more, it is more conveniently made by adding the Elixir Flav- 
 oring to the entire quantity of Alcohol used ; then, having 
 mixed the powdered Carbonate Magnesium with the entire 
 quantity of Water, gradually add the latter to the former with 
 agitation, and let them remain for several days, with frequent 
 agitation, before filtering; the liquid may then be filtered off 
 and the Sugar dissolved in the filtrate. In this way any quan- 
 tity of the Elixir may be made with but little trouble. 
 
 The Elixir as thus prepared is used as a solvent for various 
 salts, and a vehicle for various solutions and other forms of 
 medicine. It may also In- \\>n\ to percolate, but when perco 
 lation is required it is best accomplished as directed (512). 
 
 Many Elixir formulas have been proposed and published, 
 but in an extensive experience in making Elixirs tin- writer 
 has found no other equal in all respects and for all purposes 
 to the foregoing. 
 
282 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 517. Elixir Acetate of Potassium. 
 
 Acetate of Potassium, 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. A fl. drachm contains 10 grains of the 
 salt. The dose is from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 518. Elixir Aconite. 
 
 Tincture Aconite Root, 256 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 minims of the tincture. 
 The dose is from y 2 to a teaspoonful. This is a very safe and 
 convenient preparation, as the dose of aconite can be regu- 
 lated as desired. 
 
 519. Elixir Adjuvans. 
 
 Many Elixirs are known by this name. Simple Elixir is 
 usually dispensed when Elixir Adjuvans is prescribed, unless 
 some other preparation is known to be intended. In some 
 localities an Adjuvant Elixir is much employed as a vehicle 
 for Quinine, for this purpose the following is considerably 
 used : 
 
 Orange Peel, fresh, cut fine, .... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, crushed, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Caraway Seed, crushed, I ounce av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, crushed, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, crushed, ... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, crushed, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 32 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the drugs and pour the Alcohol upon them, allow to 
 stand for 24 hours, then add 2 pints of Water, macerate for 24 
 hours longer, then transfer to a percolator, add two pints of 
 Water to the drugs and percolate, adding Water through the 
 percolator until 7 pints of tincture are obtained ; filter and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. This may be made more 
 rapidly by water-bath percolation. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 283 
 
 A similar preparation is put up by some manufacturers 
 under the names Elixir Liquorice Compound, Elixir Wild 
 Cherry Compound, Quinine Elixir, etc. 
 
 It is chiefly used as an addition to other preparations, or a 
 vehicle for bitter medicines. Owing to the Tannin contained 
 in the Wild Cherry it renders Quinine insoluble, thus masking 
 its bitter taste. 
 
 520. Elixir Anise. 
 
 Anise Seed Cordial. 
 This may be made by percolation or maceration. 
 
 Anise Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Percolate or macerate and filter. 
 
 Or from the Oils, as directed in the New-York and Brooklyn 
 Formulary: 
 
 Oil of Anise, Saxony, 25 minims. 
 
 Oil of Fennel Seed (" Sweet "), ... 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds, 1 drop. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol, . 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Phosphate of Calcium, 120 grains. 
 
 Mix the Oils with the Deodorized Alcohol, add the Syrup 
 and Water, and set aside for 12 hours; then mix with the 
 Phosphate of Calcium and filter clear. 
 
 This Elixir is used as an aromatic vehicle, or addition to 
 medicines, especially for children. 
 
 521. Elixir Antifebrin. 
 
 Antifebrin, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Antifebrin by rubbing in a mortar with the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A fluiddrachm contains 1 grain of the salt. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful t<> a tablespoonful, or more. 
 
284 
 
 522. Elixir Antipyrin. 
 
 Antipyrin, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Antipyrin in the Elixir by rubbing- them to- 
 gether in a mortar. 
 
 A fluiddrachm contains 5 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 523. Elixir Aromatic. 
 
 Several Elixirs are known by the name of Aromatic Elixir; 
 in fact, it is a general name for Elixirs as a class, some manu- 
 facturers calling their Elixirs Aromatic Elixirs; but the name 
 is applied in pharmacy generally to the Simple or Aromatic 
 Elixir prepared from substances, instead of from their oils. 
 The following formula may be used : 
 
 Orange Peel, fresh, cut fine, .... 4 ounces aw 
 
 Lemon Peel, fresh, cut fine 1 ounce av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Caraway Seed, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Anise Seed, in fine powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark (Saigon), in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 2}4 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2]/ 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Macerate the drugs for 48 hours with the Alcohol, then add 
 4 pints of Water, and continue the maceration for 48 hours 
 longer, pour off the liquid, transfer the drugs to a percolator, 
 and percolate with the poured-off tincture until it has all 
 passed, then add Water through the percolator to make the 
 measure 6)/ 2 pints ; filter clear through a little Carbonate of 
 Magnesium, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, adding 
 Water if necessary to make a gallon. 
 
 This Elixir is used the same as Simple Elixir as a base for 
 other Elixirs, and a vehicle for medicines, etc., but it is inad- 
 missible for making Elixirs containing iron, bismuth, and 
 other salts which are changed or precipitated by astringent 
 principles. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 2S6 
 
 524. Elixir Arsenic. 
 
 Elixir Arseniate of Potassium. 
 
 Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, .... 640 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims of Fowler's 
 Solution. Dose, a teaspoonful. This is a safe and convenient 
 preparation, the dose of Arsenic being regulated as desired 
 without danger. The combinations of Arsenic and Quinine 
 will be found under Quinine Elixirs. 
 
 525. Elixir Arsenic and Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 Donovan's Solution of Arsenic and 
 
 Iodide of Mercury, 640 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Donovan's 
 Solution. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 526. Elixir Arsenic and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Arsenic ( 524), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with the Elixir in a 
 mortar, or add 2 drachms of Solution of Strychnine to a pint 
 of the Elixir of Arsenic and filter. A fl. drachm contains 5 
 minims of Fowler's Solution and (; 1 4 grain Strychnine Sulphate. 
 
 527. Elixir Asafetida. 
 
 Tincture of Asafetida, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Spirit of Peppermint, )/> fl. ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, .... J^ ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounce's av. 
 
 Alcohol 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Kul) the Magnesium Carbonate to a fine powder in a 
 mortar, mix the Tincture, Spirit and Alcohol, and rub with 
 
286 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 the Magnesium Carbonate, then add the Water, filter, dissolve 
 the Sugar in the filtrate, and add the Soluble Flavoring. 
 
 This Elixir is of the same strength as Syrup Asafetida, and 
 is as agreeable a form to exhibit this disagreeable drug as can 
 be devised, except in pills. A fl. drachm contains about 2 
 grains Asafetida. It is given to children and adults in doses 
 of 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 528. Elixir Atropine. 
 
 Sulphate of Atropine, 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt by rubbing in a mortar with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, and filter if necessary. A fl. drachm con- 
 tains ^ grain of Sulphate of Atropine. For internal use this 
 is a safe and reliable preparation. It maybe given in doses of 
 from 10 to 20 minims. 
 
 529. Elixir Beef. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Citric Acid, 5 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Extract with the Elixir in a mortar, add the Citric 
 Acid, and after standing for some time filter. 
 
 As each ounce of Liebig's Extract of Meat represents the 
 soluble constituents of 32 ounces of fresh beef, a tablespoonful 
 {y 2 fl. ounce) of the Elixir represents one ounce of fresh beef. 
 The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful or more. Many 
 manufacturers make the preparations of Beef with only y 2 
 ounce of Beef Extract in a pint. 
 
 530. Elixir Beef and Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, ... 64 grains. 
 Elixir Beef I 529), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron by rubbing with separate portions of the 
 Elixir, and filter if necessary ; or add to the Elixir an equiv- 
 alent quantity of Solution Citrate of Iron and Ammonium. 
 Half a fl.ounce (a tablespoonful) of this Elixir represents one 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 287 
 
 ounce of fresh beef and two grains of Soluble Citrate of Iron. 
 The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful or more. This 
 Elixir is preferable in many respects to Wine of Beef and Iron, 
 for the reason that it is much more uniform, and will not pre- 
 cipitate as the wine is liable to do. 
 
 531. Elixir Beef, Iron and Cinchona. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 5 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 10 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, ... 64 grains. 
 
 Elixir Beef (529), 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the salts with separate portions of the Elixir until dis- 
 solved, and filter if necessary. 
 
 Half a fl. ounce (a tablespoonful) represents one ounce of 
 fresh beef, and the more important alkaloidal salts of about 
 8 grains of Cinchona, with 2 grains of Soluble Citrate of Iron. 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 This is preferable to the Wine of Beef, Iron and Cinchona, 
 for the same reasons as above stated. 
 
 532. Elixir Belladonna. 
 
 Belladonna Leaves, in coarse powder, . 256 grains. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the powder with the Elixir as directed (512) and 
 filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 2 grains of Belladonna Leaves. The 
 is from 20 to 60 minims, or more. This is a very con- 
 venient preparation, as the dose of Belladonna can be better 
 regulated than in the stronger preparations. 
 
 533. Elixir Berberine. 
 
 Berberine Sulphate, or Hydrochlorate, . 64 grains. 
 
 .Alcohol 2 11. ounces. 
 
 Elixir 14 ll. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Berberine salt first in the Alcohol by gentli 
 heal of water-bath, then add the Elixir. 
 
288 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains l / 2 grain of the salt. The dose is from 
 i to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 The Berberine salts were formerly known by the name of 
 Hydrastin, as Muriate of Hydrastin, etc. 
 
 534. Elixir Berberine and Iron. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 64 grains. 
 
 Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Berberine, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron in the Hot Water and add the Elixir to 
 the solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about y 2 grain each of Iron and Ber- 
 berine. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 535. Elixir Berberine, Bismuth and Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 64 grains. 
 Elixir Berberine and Iron (534), .... 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Bismuth salt with the Elixir, add a few drops of 
 Water of Ammonia to dissolve, and after standing filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain each of Bismuth, Iron and 
 Berberine. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 536. Elixir Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Rub the Bismuth salt with two ounces of the Elixir in a 
 mortar, and gradually add Water of Ammonia drop by drop 
 until the turbid solution becomes clear, or nearly clear, then 
 add the remainder of the Elixir, and after standing a few 
 hours filter. The Water of Ammonia is added to dissolve the 
 Insoluble Citrate of Bismuth that may be present in the com- 
 pound salt. This depends much upon the age and exposure 
 of the salt, as it loses Ammonia when exposed. An equivalent 
 quantity of Solution of Bismuth may be used, instead of the 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 289 
 
 salt. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Soluble Citrate of 
 Bismuth. The dose is I or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 537. Elixir Bismuth and Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 12S grains. 
 Elixir Bismuth (536), 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Iron Salt with separate portions of the Elixir to 
 dissolve. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Soluble Citrate of Bismuth 
 and 1 grain Soluble Citrate of Iron. Dose, 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 538. Elixir Bismuth, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1 grain. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir of Bismuth (536) 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Strychnine salt and Iron salt with separate por- 
 tions of Elixir until dissolved ; then add the Elixir Bismuth, 
 and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains -, 1 - s - grain Strychnine and 1 grain each 
 Soluble Citrates of Bismuth and Iron. The dose is from 1 to 
 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 This may also be made by adding equivalent quantities of 
 Solution of Strychnine Sulphate, and Iron Citrate to Elixir 
 Bismuth, mixed with an equal quantity of Elixir. 
 
 539. Elixir Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Bismuth (536) 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with the Elixir Bismuth, 
 or add to the Elixir Bismuth 2 fl.drachms Solution Sulphate 
 of Strychnine, and after standing filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm of this Elixir contains 2 grains of Soluble Bis- 
 muth and ,.', -rains Sulphate of Strychnine. The dose is y, 
 
 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
290 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 540. Elixir Bitter. 
 
 Elixir A mar u 111 . 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia of 1872 gives the following 
 formula for this Elixir: 
 
 Extract of Buckbean, 2 parts. 
 
 Extract of Orange Peel, 2 parts. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol (G. P.) 16 parts. 
 
 Peppermint Water, 16 parts. 
 
 Spirit of Ether (Hoffman's Anodyne), . . 1 part. 
 
 Dissolve the Extracts in the Diluted Alcohol and Pepper- 
 mint Water, previously mixed, and add the Spirit of Ether. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 This is not properly an Elixir, as understood in American 
 Pharmacy. The formula is different in the G. P. 1883. 
 
 541. Elixir Blackberry. 
 
 Blackberry Root, in coarse powder, . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed, 512. This may also be 
 made by mixing — 
 
 Fluid Extract of Blackberry, .... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 And filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 7 grains of Blackberry Root. The 
 dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 542. Elixir Black Cohosh or Cimicifuga. 
 
 Black Cohosh, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed, 512. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 291 
 
 It may also be made by mixing — 
 
 Fluid Extract Black Cohosh, .... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 And after standing a few days, filtering through Carbonate of 
 Magnesium. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 7 grains of Black Cohosh. The dose 
 is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 543. Elixir Black Cohosh Compound. 
 
 Black Cohosh, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
 Colchicum Root, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 
 
 Percolating Menstruum 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed, 512, and dissolve the 
 Iodide in the percolate. 
 
 This may also be made by mixing 1 ounce each of Fl. Ex- 
 tracts of Black Cohosh and Colchicum with 14 ounces of 
 Elixir, and dissolving the Iodide in the Elixir. 
 
 A II. drachm contains 3^ grains each of Black Cohosh and 
 Colchicum, and 2 grains of Iodide of Potassium. The dose 
 is a tcaspoonful or more for rheumatism and neuralgia. 
 
 544. Elixir Bromide of Ammonium. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonium, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Ammonium. The 
 close is from a teaspoonful to a tablcspoonful. 
 
292 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 545. Elixir Bromide of Calcium. 
 
 Bromide of Calcium 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Calcium. The 
 dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 546. Elixir Brom-Iodide of Calcium Compound. 
 
 Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compoimd. 
 
 Tilden's Solution Iodo-Bromide Calcium 
 
 Compound. 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and filter if necessary. 
 
 Tilden's Elixir Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound is a 
 proprietary preparation, which has had a large sale. The 
 Solution of Iodo-Bromide of Calcium, as it is named by Til- 
 den & Co., is prepared from the Bittern which remains after 
 the crystallization of salt from natural salt water springs. It 
 contains Iodine, Bromine, Calcium, and a number of other 
 substances in solution. As this solution cannot be econom- 
 ically made from the substances themselves, and would be 
 unlike the proprietary preparation with which the public is 
 familiar, it is probably better to make the elixir when desired 
 from Tilden's Solution, as above. 
 
 This Elixir is used as an alterative, in doses of a teaspoonful 
 or more. 
 
 547. Elixir Bromide of Iron. 
 
 Bromide of Iron, 384 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 293 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in 12 fl. ounces of the 
 Elixir. Dissolve the Iron salt in 2 ounces of Water and mix 
 the solutions, filter, and add enough Elixir if necessary to 
 make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains of Bromide of Iron. The 
 Citrate of Potassium is added to overcome the styptic dis- 
 agreeable taste of the Bromide of Iron. The dose is from % 
 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 548. Elixir Bromide of Morphine. 
 
 Bromide of Morphine 16 grains. 
 
 Elixir I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ]/% grain Bromide of Morphine. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 549. Elixir Bromide of Potassium. 
 
 Two strengths of this Elixir are common — 5 grains and 10 
 grains of Bromide of Potassium in a fl. drachm. This is liable 
 to confusion with physicians in prescribing it, and for that 
 reason we prefer to stick to our old formula of 10 grains to a 
 fl. drachm, which is none too strong for general use: 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Bromide to a coarse powder, and dissolve by agita- 
 tion in the Elixir. Some druggists and manufacturers color 
 this Elixir red with Carmine solution, and some leave it color- 
 less. It should be kept uniform, either colored or uncolored, 
 so that customers may not be suspicious when prescriptions 
 are refilled. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 10 grains of the salt. The dose is from 
 a teaspoonful to a table-spoonful. 
 
 If the Elixir containing but 5 grains of the salt in a fl.drachm 
 is desired, dilute the above with an equal measure of Elixir, 
 or make by dissolving 640 grains of the salt in Elixir sufficient 
 to make a pint. 
 
294 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 550. Elixir Bromide of Potassium and Hydrate 
 
 of Chloral. 
 
 Elixir Bromide-Chloral. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral, I ounce av. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salts in the Elixir and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 7 grains Bromide of Potassium and 3^ 
 grains Hydrate of Chloral. The dose is from 1 to 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 The combinations of Bromide of Potassium and Hydrate 
 of Chloral, in the form of an Elixir or Solution, have been 
 very popular, several proprietary preparations of this kind 
 having had a large sale as hypnotics and sedatives ; one quite 
 popular with physicians being " Bromidia," prepared by Battle 
 & Co., Chemists Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., which, according 
 to their published statement, contains in each fl. drachm 15 
 grains of Bromide of Potassium, 15 grains Hydrate of Chloral, 
 and l /& grain, each, extracts of Cannabis Indica and Hyoscya- 
 mus. It is claimed that alcohol should not be used in making 
 solutions of the salts named on account of the chemical 
 action which takes place. 
 
 551. Elixir Bromide of Potassium Compound. 
 
 Sedative Elixir. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, 256 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 90 minims. 
 
 Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salts in the Elixir and Syrup, add the Aqua 
 Ammonia, and color, if desired, with a little Carmine solution 
 and Caramel, then filter. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 295 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Potassium, 2 grains 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, and Jg- grain Morphine. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 552. Elixir Bromide of Quinine. 
 
 Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, . I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain Bromide of Quinine. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 553. Elixir Bromide of Sodium. 
 
 Bromide of Sodium, 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir, and filter. 
 A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Bromide of Sodium. Dose, 
 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 An Elixir containing 5 grains of the Salt in a fl. drachm may 
 be made by diluting this one half with simple Elixir, or by 
 dissolving 640 grains of the Salt in enough of the Elixir to 
 make a pint. 
 
 554. Elixir Buchu. 
 
 Buchu Leaves, in coarse powder, ... 4 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed, 512. 
 
 This Elixir may be made from Fluid Extract Buchu as 
 follows : 
 
 Fluid Extract Buchu 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 2 drachms. 
 
 Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Fluid Extract with tin- Carbonate of Magnesium 
 in .1 mortar, add the Elixir, ami filter, adding enough Elixir 
 through the filter to make a pint. 
 
296 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 14 grains Buchu. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Elixir Buchu 
 to be prepared from Fluid Extract Buchu, 2 fl. ounces; Fluid 
 Extract Triticum, 1 fl. ounce ; Tincture of Vanilla, 1 fl. drachm ; 
 Syrup of Coffee, 6 fl. ounces; Carbonate of Magnesium, 120 
 grains, with simple Elixir enough to make a pint. 
 
 555. Elixir Buchu Compound. 
 
 Elixir Buchu and Pareira Brava. 
 
 Buchu, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Pareira Brava, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 Stone Root, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation, as directed, 512. 
 
 This Elixir may be made by mixing the Fluid Extracts of 
 the drugs with Elixir, as directed, 513. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Buchu, 3^ grains, each, 
 Pareira Brava and Stone Root. The dose is from a teaspoon- 
 ful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Several other preparations are furnished under the name of 
 Elixir Buchu Compound. 
 
 556. Elixir Buchu, Juniper and Acetate of 
 
 Potassium. 
 
 Diuretic Elixir. 
 
 Buchu, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Juniper Berries, crushed, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Acetate of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Make by percolation, as directed, 512. 
 
 This may also be made with Fluid Extracts of Buchu and 
 Juniper mixed with Elixir, filtered through Carbonate of 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 297 
 
 Magnesium and the Acetate of Potassium dissolved in the 
 nitrate. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 7 grains Buchu, 3^ grains Juniper, 
 and 5 grains Acetate of Potassium. The dose is from a tea- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 557. Elixir Calisaya or Cinchona. 
 
 Elixirs of Calisaya or Cinchona and their compounds have 
 been the best known and most popular of any ever brought 
 to the notice of the public. Some manufacturers have intro- 
 duced them as Elixir " Calisaya," while others have adopted 
 the name " Cinchona," but the former is probably the most 
 popular name. 
 
 The Simple Elixir of Calisaya or Cinchona is much pre- 
 scribed as a tonic, and is used as the base of Compound 
 Elixirs of Calisaya or Cinchona. It may be made either from 
 the bark or the alkaloidal salts. 
 
 When made from the bark the Elixir must be " detannated " 
 for combining with salts of iron ; but when made from the 
 alkaloidal salts this is avoided, and the Elixir designed to be 
 combined with iron is now generally made from the salts. 
 The following are the formulas for making Elixir Calisaya: 
 
 MADE FROM THE BARK, DETANNATED. 
 
 Calisaya Bark, true, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Peel, fresh, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, "Saigon," .... ij4 ounces av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, \ l / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Red Rose Leaves, \ l / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg, '_. ounce av. 
 
 Star Anise % ounce av. 
 
 Sugar 2]. pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, deodorized 38 ll. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make I gallon. 
 
 Grind the Calisaya Bark, Cinnamon, Coriander, Nutmeg and 
 Anise to a No. 50 powder, and having mixed a pint of Alcohol 
 with half pint of Water, moisten the powder with half a pint 
 of the mixture, and macerate in a warm place for one day, 
 
298 ELIXI RIA — ELI X I RS. 
 
 then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour 
 upon it the remainder of the menstruum, and set in a warm 
 place for one daw Then heat very moderately, and, after one 
 hour, begin to percolate, adding water to the drugs after the 
 liquid has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the 
 heat and percolation until 4 pints have passed. To this add 
 the whites of 4 eggs, previously beaten with a portion of the 
 percolate, and allow to stand for one day ; then filter through 
 a muslin strainer. Chop the Orange Peel fine, reduce the Red 
 Rose leaves to a coarse powder, and having mixed them 
 together, put them in a close vessel with the remainder (22 
 fl. ounces) of the Alcohol. Macerate in a warm place, with 
 occasional agitation, for two days, then pour off the liquid and 
 reserve. Transfer the drugs (Orange and Rose) to a conical 
 percolator, and percolate first with the detannated Calisaya 
 percolate, and then with water until 5 pints have passed ; add 
 this to the reserved portion, dissolve the sugar in the liquid, 
 add enough water to make I gallon, and, after standing a few 
 days, filter through a double filter paper. 
 
 Although this is a little more trouble to make than many of 
 the Elixirs, it leaves nothing to be desired for those who wish 
 a first-class Elixir Calisaya made from the bark. 
 
 This Elixir may be colored if desired with Cochineal color- 
 ing and Caramel. When dispensed as Elixir Calisaya it is 
 generally colored, but left plain for making compounds. This 
 Elixir may be made from the Fluid Extract of Calisaya Bark- 
 by mixing 1 fl. ounce with a pint of Elixir, adding the white 
 of one egg, and after standing 24 hours, filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 4 grains of Calisaya, with 
 aromatics. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 558. Elixir Calisaya or Cinchona. 
 
 MADE FROM THE ALKALOIDAL SAETS. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine (Cinchonidia), 90 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 20 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s., or 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 299 
 
 Rub the Quinine and the Cinchonidine with half a pint of 
 the Elixir, and the Citric Acid with another half a pint, and 
 mix the solutions ; add to the mixture 7 pints of Elixir, and 
 set in a warm place until the solution is clear; then add 
 enough Water of Ammonia to neutralize the acid,* and filter. 
 
 If it is desired to dispense this as Elixir Calisaya, it may be 
 colored with Cochineal and Caramel coloring, but if for com- 
 bining it should not be colored. 
 
 This Elixir represents the more important properties of the 
 bark in about the same proportion as contained in an average 
 good quality of bark. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a 
 tablespoonful. 
 
 559. Elixir Calisaya and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . .128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, . . . 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth in the Water by the aid of a few- 
 drops of Water of Ammonia, add the Elixir, and filter; or add 
 % fl. ounce Solution Citrate of Bismuth to a pint of Elixir 
 Calisaya. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Bismuth combined with 
 Elixir Calisaya. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 560. Elixir Calisaya, Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya and Bismuth 5 grains. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms Solution of Strychnine to a 
 pint of the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 * Before the Water of Ammonia i :iilcli-< I the Klixir has a fluorescent or bluish 
 appearance. Enough Ammonia should be added to remove this, but not leave 
 any odor of Ammonia in the preparation after shaking. The quantity specified is 
 correct if the officinal 10 per cent. Water of Ammonia is used. 
 
300 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain of Bismuth, -^ grain Strych- 
 nine combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful. 
 
 561. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated. . 
 
 Elixir Calisaya with Citrate of Iron. Ferrated Elixir Cinchona. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . .128 grains. 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with successive portions 
 of the Elixir, or use an equivalent quantity of Solution Citrate 
 of Iron and Ammonium. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
 Elixir Calisaya. The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls or more. 
 
 The Elixir of Calisaya and Citrate of Iron is of a dark 
 wine color, similar in appearance to Wyeth's Ferrated Elixir 
 of Cinchona. 
 
 562. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Bismuth. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Citrate of Iron and Bismuth. Ferrated Elixir 
 Cinchona with Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, 128 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth in the water by the aid of a few drops 
 of water of Ammonia, dissolve the Iron salt in the Elixir by 
 rubbing with successive portions of it, then add the solution 
 of Bismuth and filter. This may be made by adding x / 2 ounce, 
 each, solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, and 
 Solution of Citrate of Iron and Ammonium to 15 ounces of 
 Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and Iron salts, com- 
 bined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 301 
 
 563. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Bismuth 
 
 and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Citrate of Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. Fer- 
 rated Elixir Cinchona with Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1 grain. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, then dissolve the Iron salt in the same 
 manner. Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid 
 of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the solu- 
 tion, then after standing filter. 
 
 This may also be made by adding 1 fl. drachm solution of 
 Strychnine Sulphate to a pint Elixir Calisaya Ferrated with 
 Bismuth, or by adding equivalent quantities of solutions of 
 Citrate of Iron, Citrate of Bismuth and Sulphate of Strych- 
 nine to Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Bismuth, and 
 1 -1 28 grains of Strychnine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 This is a dark wine-colored Elixir, better known, perhaps, by 
 the name Elixir Cinchona, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. A 
 light-colored Elixir is made with Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 instead of the Citrate. (See No. 571.) 
 
 564. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, ingrain. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, i pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add \)A fl.drachm of solution Sulphate of 
 Strychnine to a pint of Ferrated Elixir Calisaya. A fl.drachm 
 contains i grain Citrate of Iron, and , \ „ grain Strychnine 
 combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 two. 
 
302 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 This is a dark wine-colored Elixir, better known by the 
 name Elixir Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine. Light greenish- 
 colored Elixirs of Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine are made with 
 Phosphate of Iron (568) and Pyrophosphate of Iron (572). 
 
 565. Elixir Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron. 
 
 ELIXIR CALISAYA FERRI-PHOSPHATED. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron, Elixir Bark and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . 256 grains. 
 
 Water, l% fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in the water by the aid of 
 heat, and add the Elixir; after standing, filter. 
 
 This is a fine Elixir of Calisaya with the new Phosphate of 
 Iron. It cannot be used for combining with Ammonio- 
 Citrate of Bismuth, because it is an acid solution ; but for most 
 purposes is preferable to the Elixir made with the Pyrophos- 
 phate of Iron. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Phosphate of Iron com- 
 bined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 more. The Elixirs of Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron which 
 are called " Ferri-phosphated " in this Formulary are of a 
 light greenish color, similar in appearance to Caswell & 
 Hazard's Ferro-phosphorated Elixirs of Calisaya. They are 
 the best forms of Elixir " Bark and Iron." 
 
 Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron (569) is similar 
 in appearance and properties to this. 
 
 566. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 
 
 Pepsin. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated (565), . 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the Pepsin with the Elixir and macerate with occa- 
 sional agitation for a few days, then filter. By warming to 
 about 120 F., this may be made in a few hours. 
 

 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 303 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each, Phosphate of Iron and 
 Pepsin, combined with Elixir Calisaya. Dose, a teaspoonful 
 to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin may also be made by com- 
 bining Pepsin with Elixir Calisaya Ferrated (561), or Elixir 
 Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron (569) in the same manner 
 as above directed. 
 
 567. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 
 
 Pepsin and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Pepsin and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine \]4. grain. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin (566), . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add \yo fl. drachm of Solution Sulphate of 
 Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Calisaya Iron and Pepsin. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each, Phosphate of Iron and 
 Pepsin, and -j/,,, grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Cali- 
 saya. Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Pepsin and Strychnine may also be made 
 from Elixirs of Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine 1564 or 572) by 
 macerating 256 grains of Pepsin in a pint as directed (566). 
 
 \ 
 
 568. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, .... i'.. grain. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales < [880), . 256 grains. 
 
 Water i ' .. ll. mince. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine first in the water by the aid of heat, 
 then add the Phosphate of Iron, a portion at a time until all 
 is dissolved, t<> this add the Elixir Calisaya, and after standing, 
 
 filter. 
 
304 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron and jfa 
 grain Sulphate of Strychnine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 This is the best one of the Elixirs Calisaya, Iron and Strych- 
 nine. It cannot be combined with Bismuth or other salts or 
 solutions which are precipitated with acids. 
 
 For other Elixirs Calisaya or Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine, 
 see 564, 572. 
 
 569. Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 " Ferro-phosphorated" Elixir of Calisaya, " Ferrated Cordial 
 Elixir." 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 
 
 Water \ l / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Heat the water, and add the Iron salt, a portion at a time 
 until all is dissolved, then add the Elixir Calisaya, and after 
 standing, filter. Or add an equivalent quantity of solution 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron to the Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 This is similar in appearance to No. 565, but is a neutral 
 instead of a slightly acid Elixir. It is the popular " Ferro- 
 phosphorated Elixir of Calisaya," which has been so long and 
 favorably known on the market. When it is desired to make 
 a light-colored Elixir Calisaya and Iron to combine with 
 Bismuth, this Elixir is the one to be used. 
 
 570. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 and Bismuth. 
 
 Fcrro-phosphoratcd Elixir of Calisaya with Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of 
 
 Iron 15 fl. ounces. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 305 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid of a few 
 drops of Water of Ammonia, and add the Elixir Calisaya and 
 Iron. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain Bismuth and 2 grains Iron 
 combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 more. This is the only light-colored Elixir of Calisaya and 
 Iron with which Bismuth may be combined. 
 
 571. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
 Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \yi grain. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya Phosphate of Iron and 
 
 Bismuth, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Strychnine with separate portions of the Elixir to 
 dissolve, or add \ 1 /? fl. drachm Solution Sulphate of Strych- 
 nine to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Bismuth and 
 Too g ra ' n Strychnine, combined with Elixir Calisaya. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 572. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir ( alisaya, Iron and Strychnine, " Ferrophosphoratcd Elixir 
 
 of ( 'alisaya, with Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine \]/> grain. 
 
 Elixir ('alisaya and Pyrophosphate of 
 
 Iron 1 pint. 
 
 I\ul) tlu- Strychnine salt with separate portions of tin- Elixir 
 t<> dissolve, or add ij4 fl.drachm of Solution Sulphate of 
 Strychnine to a pint of the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 2 grains of Iron, and , \ „ grain Strych- 
 nine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
80(5 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 573. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
 Bismuth and Pepsin. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 
 and Bismuth (570), 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate for several days with occasional agitation, 
 then filter through cloth. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each 
 of Iron and Pepsin, and 1 grain of Bismuth, combined with 
 Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 574. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
 Bismuth, and Strychnine with Pepsin. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth, Strychnine and Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and 
 
 Strychnine (571), 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate for a few days then filter through cloth. 
 
 This may also be made by adding 1^ fl. drachm solution of 
 Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and 
 Pepsin (573). 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Bismuth, 2 
 grains Pepsin, and T ^y grain Strychnine, with Elixir Calisaya. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 575. Elixir Calisaya and Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, I pint. 
 
 Mix the Pepsin with the Elixir, macerate for a few days and 
 filter through cloth. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Pepsin combined with 
 Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 307 
 
 576. Elixir Calisaya, Bismuth and Pepsin. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Calisaya and Pepsin I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth Salt in I ounce of water, by the aid 
 of a few drops Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Pepsin and 1 grain Bismuth, 
 combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 577. Elixir Calisaya with Beef Extract. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
 mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 
 
 The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful. 
 
 578. Elixir Calisaya and Iron with Beef 
 
 Extract. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Beef and Iron. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Ferrated (561), . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the P^xtract with the Elixir until the)' are uniformly 
 mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 579. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth, with 
 
 Beef Extract. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Beef. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat ]/ 2 ounce aw 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth (562), i pint. 
 Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
 mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 
 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
:>> )S ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 580. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, 
 
 with Extract of Beef. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat, y' 2 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, . 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
 mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 581. Elixir Calisaya with Hypophosphites 
 
 Compound. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime), . 256 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium (Soda), . . 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Hypophosphorous Acid, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder, then with the 
 Elixir Calisaya, and add the Hypophosphorous Acid ; when 
 dissolved, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Hypophosphites combined 
 with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 582. Elixir Calisaya with Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya I pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
 filter through cloth. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactopeptine, combined 
 with Elixir Calisaya. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 
 
 583. Elixir Calisaya and Iron with Lacto- 
 
 peptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya and Iron (565), ... 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
 filter through cloth. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 309 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactopeptine, 2 grains of 
 Phosphate of Iron, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 584. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth, with 
 
 Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth (570), I pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
 filter through cloth. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine, 2 grains Iron 
 and 1 grain Bismuth, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 585. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, with 
 
 Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine (568), 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and macerate for several days in a warm place. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine, 2 grains Iron, 
 and - r ^- (T grain Strychnine, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 Other combinations of Lactopeptine with Elixirs of Calisaya 
 may be made by adding 256 grains of Lactopeptine to a pint 
 of the combination desired. 
 
 586. Elixir Calisaya with Lactophosphate of 
 Calcium ( Lime). 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate of Calcium, 
 combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
 
310 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 587. Elixir Calisaya with Lactophosphates 
 
 Compound. 
 
 Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, 1 fl. ounce. 
 Lactic Acid, concentrated, . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 588. Elixir Calisaya with Phosphates Com- 
 
 pound. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates, . 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Red Cherry Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya, 5 pints. 
 
 Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix and filter. 
 
 As thus prepared this very much resembles a popular pro- 
 prietary elixir, known as " Wheeler's Elixir." If the Red 
 Cherry Juice is not at hand, Raspberry Juice may be used in 
 place of it, or elixir may be used and the preparations colored 
 red and flavored with a little Essence Bitter Almond. y 2 ounce 
 of Lactic Acid may be added if desired, which makes the com- 
 position still more like Wheeler's. 
 
 589. Elixir Calisaya with " Protoxide " of Iron. 
 
 Elixir Peruvian Bark with "Protoxide" of Iron. 
 
 Solution of " Protoxide " of Iron, . . 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 5 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make I gallon. 
 
 Mix, color with Caramel coloring, and filter. 
 
 This Elixir is similar in composition to " Nichols'," which 
 is a well-known proprietary Elixir. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 311 
 
 590. Elixir Calisaya with Tincture Chloride 
 
 of Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and add the Tincture of 
 Iron ; filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 6 drops Tincture of Chloride of 
 Iron combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoon- 
 ful or more. 
 
 Other Calisaya Compounds. 
 
 The foregoing Compounds of Elixir Calisaya with other 
 substances are those chiefly used, but a great variety of other 
 combinations may be made, and some are called for occasion- 
 ally. From the data given, they may be prepared without 
 difficulty by druggists without special formulas. 
 
 591. Elixir Camphor, Mono-bromated. 
 
 Mono-bromated Camphor, 128 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Mono-bromated Camphor in the Alcohol, 
 by heat of water-bath, and add the Elixir gradually to the 
 solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 592. Elixir Capsicum. 
 
 Capsicum, in fine powder, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Capsicum for 5 days in the Elixir, and filter. 
 A fl. drachm represents 2 grains of Capsicum. 
 
312 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 593. Elixir Cascara Sagrada. 
 
 Cascara Cordial. 
 
 Cascara Sagrada Bark 16 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root (Calamus), .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 7 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2y 2 pounds av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and make an elixir by 
 percolation, as directed (512). 
 
 The dose is from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful, or 
 more. 
 
 As Cascara Sagrada is very bitter, Buckthorn Bark is fre- 
 quently substituted for it in making this elixir, although it is 
 not so valuable a remedy. See the Standard Remedies, Buck- 
 thorn Cordial. 
 
 594. Elixir Cathartic. 
 
 Many preparations are sold and prescribed under the above 
 title, and as the name does not indicate any particular com- 
 position, the formulas for two of the most popular Cathartic 
 Elixirs are given in this connection. Several others which 
 have become popular as proprietary preparations will be found 
 in that department, or among the Standard Remedies ; and 
 still others which are frequently called for as Cathartic Elixirs 
 under other headings, as Elixir Laxative, Elixir Mandrake 
 Compound, Elixir Senna Compound, the Elixirs of Rhubarb, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Senna, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Epsom Salt, 1 ounce av 
 
 Ginger, 48 grains. 
 
 Coriander, 80 grains. 
 
 Jalap, 160 grains. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 313 
 
 Scammony, 160 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or i pint. 
 
 Sugar, , 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and make an elixir by 
 percolation, as directed (512), then dissolve the Epsom Salt in 
 the product. 
 
 The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful. 
 
 595. Cathartic or Laxative Elixir. 
 
 Senna, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Butternut Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mandrake Root, in coarse power, . y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, in coarse powder, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Rochelle Salts, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, .... 60 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, .... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (5 12), and dissolve the salts 
 in the Elixir. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoon- 
 ful, or more. 
 
 596. Elixir Celery Compound. 
 
 Celery seed, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Coca leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 Black Haw Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring i fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 A II. drachm represents about 10 grains of the drugs. The 
 dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 This is similar to a popular proprietary preparation known 
 as •• ( e/erina." 
 
314 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 597. Elixir Chloral. 
 
 Elixir Chloral Hydrate, or Hydrate of Chloral. 
 
 Chloral (Hydrate of Chloral), in Crystals, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Chloral in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Chloral. The dose is from 
 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Elixir Butyl Chloral, or Croton Chloral may be made in the 
 same proportion. See 622. 
 
 598. Elixir Chlorate of Potassium. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium in fine powder, 256 grains. 
 
 Hot water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the hot water as nearly as possible, and 
 add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Chlorate of Potassium. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 599. Elixir Chloride of Ammonium. 
 
 Elixir Muriate of Ammonia. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium in powder, . . 1280 grains. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Chloride of Ammonium. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 600. Elixir Chloride of Iron, Tasteless. 
 
 Elixir Muriate of Iron, Tasteless. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, 400 grains. 
 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, 640 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and add the tincture. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 315 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 5 minims of Tincture Chloride of Iron, 
 rendered tasteless by the addition of Citrate of Potassium. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 601. Elixir Chloride of Iron and Arsenic. 
 
 Solution Chloride of Arsenic, .... 640 minims. 
 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, 240 grains. 
 
 Elixir, enough to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, add the Tincture of Iron, and 
 lastly the solution. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 6 drops Tincture of Iron, and about 
 5^ grains Arsenic. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 602. Elixir Chloroform. 
 
 Chloroform, 128 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, \y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make .... 1 pint. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains one minim of Chloroform, making a 
 very convenient way of regulating the dose, which is from a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 603. Elixir Cinchonidine. 
 
 Elixir CincJionidia. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing in a mortar with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir. In cold weather it may be necessary t<> 
 warm the Elixir in order to effect the solution. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains one grain of the salt. The d<>^c is 
 from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
310 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 604. Elixir Cinchonidine and Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Cinchonidine, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron by rubbing with the Elixir. This makes 
 a dark wine-colored Elixir. If the light-greenish color is de- 
 sired, use Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880) instead of the 
 Citrate, dissolving it in a little hot water. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Cinchonidine and 
 1 grain of the Iron salt. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 605. Elixir Cinchonidine, Iron and Arsenic. 
 
 Solution Chloride of Arsenic, . . . 640 minims. 
 Elixir Cinchonidine and Iron, ... 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains nearly a grain each of Cinchonidine 
 and Iron and about ■£$ grain Arsenic. 
 
 606. Elixir Cinchonidine, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron (1880) in scales, . . 128 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt in the Water by the aid of heat, 
 and then add the Iron salt, and when dissolved add the solu- 
 tion to the Elixir, in which the Cinchonidine has previously 
 been dissolved. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of Iron and Cinchonidine 
 and ,1-^ grain Strychnine. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 An Elixir similar to this was formerly much used as a sub- 
 stitute for Elixir, Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 
 but as Quinine is now so cheap, its use has greatly decreased. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 317 
 
 607. Elixir Cincho-Quinine. 
 
 Cincho-quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Cincho-quinine with the Elixir, and gradually add 
 the diluted Sulphuric Acid, a few drops at a time, until the 
 solution is complete. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Elixirs may be made from most of the mixed salts of Cin- 
 chona, which are similar to Cincho-quinine, in the same man- 
 ner as this. 
 
 608. Elixir Citrate of Caffeine. 
 
 Citrate of Caffeine, 64 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. This may also be made 
 double the strength of Citrate of Caffeine if desired. 
 
 A fl. drachm made as above contains ]/ 2 grain of the Caffeine 
 salt. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 609. Elixir Citrate of Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
 the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of soluble Citrate of Iron. 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 610. Elixir Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
 Elixir, and filter. 
 
318 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 This may also be made by dissolving 192 grains Citrate of 
 Iron and Ammonium and 64 grains Quinine in a pint of the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the salt, representing about 
 ]/ 2 grain Quinine. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 611. Elixir Citrate of Iron, Quinine and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \ x / 2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Citrate of Iron and Quinine, . I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add \ x / 2 fl. drachm solution of Sulphate 
 of Strychnine. 
 
 This may also be made by dissolving 256 grains of the com- 
 pound salt Citrate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine in a pint 
 of Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 1^ grain Iron, y 2 grain Quinine 
 and y^Q- grain Strychnine. 
 
 612. Elixir Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salts by rubbing with the Elixir. 
 
 This may also be made from the compound salt Citrate of 
 Iron and Strychnine by dissolving 256 grains in a pint of the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron and -^ grain Strychnine. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 613. Elixir Citrate of Lithium. 
 
 Citrate of Lithium, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Citrate of Lithium. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 319 
 
 614. Elixir Cocaine. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine, .... 32 grains. 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y± grain of Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, as an anodyne and 
 hypnotic. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine may be combined with many 
 other Elixirs, and will be found advantageous in all the seda- 
 tive and anodyne combinations. 
 
 615. Elixir Coffee. 
 
 Roasted Java Coffee, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 15 grains of Coffee. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more. 
 
 This Elixir is used mainly to mask the taste of disagreeable 
 medicines, and may be combined to advantage with many 
 bitter salts, fluid extracts, etc. 
 
 616. Elixir Colombo. 
 
 Colombo, in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or it ma)- be made 
 by rubbing 2 ounces of Fluid Extract of Colombo with 2 
 drachms Carbonate of Magnesium and 1 pint of Elixir, and 
 
 filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Colombo. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
3*20 F.LIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 617. Elixir Conium and Iron. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Conium 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, ... 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains of Conium and 2 
 grains Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 618. Elixir Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 Elixir Bichloride of Mercury. 
 
 It is sometimes desirable to have a preparation of Bichloride 
 of Mercury for internal use, and it is best exhibited for this 
 purpose in the form of an Elixir, which may be made as 
 follows : 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury 16 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the salt with separate portions of the Elixir until 
 dissolved. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ]/% grain Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 The dose is x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 This is a very convenient form of preparing a solution of 
 Bichloride of Mercury for internal use, as the dose can be 
 easily regulated, and the metallic taste is well disguised. 
 
 619. Elixir Corydalis. 
 
 Corydalis, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces aw 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar - . 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). It may also be made 
 by mixing 2 ounces of the Fluid Extract of Corydalis with 14 
 ounces of Elixir. 
 
 A (I. drachm represents about 7^ grains of the drug. 
 
 The close is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 321 
 
 620. Elixir Corydalis Compound. 
 
 Corydalis, ] 
 
 Yellow Dock, ] of each 
 
 Tag Alder, [ 
 
 Figwort I I ounce av. 
 
 Mandrake, J 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an alterative and 
 diuretic. 
 
 621. Elixir Croton-Chloral Hydrate. 
 
 Elixir Butyl-Chloral Hydrate. 
 
 Butyl-Chloral Hydrate, 640 grains. 
 
 Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir sufficient to make, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the water and add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Butyl or Croton-Chloral 
 Hydrate. The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls as a hypnotic 
 and anodyne. 
 
 622. Elixir Cyanide of Potassium. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium, [6 grains. 
 
 Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Pub the salt with the Elixir until dissolved, and filter. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains ';; grain Cyanide of Potassium. Dose, 
 X / A to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 This is a convenient and safe preparation for administering 
 this salt internally, as is sometimes desired. 
 
322 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 623. Elixir Damiana. 
 
 Damiana Leaves 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made by 
 mixing 2Vq fl. ounces of Fl. Ext. Damiana with 13^/8 fl. ounces 
 of Elixir, and filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Damiana. The dose is 
 from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 624. Elixir Damiana Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Buchu, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Cubebs, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Damiana, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 60 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts and rub with the Carbonate of 
 Magnesium ; then add the Elixir and filter. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or two, as a diuretic, etc. 
 
 625. Elixir Dandelion. 
 
 Elixir of Taraxacum. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Dandelion, . . . 2^ fl. ounces. 
 Elixir, 13^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Dandelion Root. 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more, 
 as a laxative and tonic. 
 
 626. Elixir Dandelion Compound. 
 
 Elixir Taraxacum Compound. 
 
 Dandelion Root in coarse powder, . 16 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Gentian Root, 1 ounce av. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 323 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Canada Snake Root, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves in fine powder, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in fine powder, .... I ounce av. 
 
 Coriander, in fine powder, .... 'i ounce av. 
 Cardamom, in fine powder, .... % ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about I gallon. 
 
 Sugar, 2*/2 pounds. 
 
 To make I gallon of the Elixir. 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 This Elixir is variously prepared by different authorities, but 
 amounts to about the same as made by any of the standard 
 formulas. It is used chiefly as a vehicle for unpleasant medi- 
 cines, and to mask the taste of Quinine. It is also given 
 as a mild tonic and laxative in doses of a dessertspoonful or 
 more. It has been a very popular Elixir. The New-York and 
 Brooklyn Formulary makes Elixir Taraxacum Compound very 
 sweet with syrup. 
 
 627. 
 
 Elixir Dialysed Iron. 
 
 Elixir Ferri Dialysati. 
 
 Dialysed Iron Solution (504), .... 640 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Dialysed Iron. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 628. 
 
 Elixir Digitalis. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Digitalis 256 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 .Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 minims Fluid Extract of Digitalis. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
324 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 629. Elixir Ergot. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ergot, 2 l / 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is the same strength as Wine of Ergot, and is much to 
 be preferred to it. It may also be made by percolation from 
 freshly powdered Ergot, but is probably fully as reliable made 
 from a good fluid extract. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 630. Elixir Erythroxylon. 
 
 Elixir of Coca. 
 
 Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1280 grains. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). Or it may be made 
 by mixing 2$/% fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Erythroxylon with 
 i; v ; :; fl. ounces of Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Coca leaves. 
 
 The dose is I to 2 fl. drachms or more, as a nerve tonic, etc. 
 
 631. Elixir Eucalyptus. 
 
 Eucalyptus Leaves, in coarse powder, . 1280 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). Or it may be made 
 by mixing 2$/q fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Eucalyptus with 2 
 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 11^ fl. ounces of Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Eucalyptus. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful or more, as an aromatic stimulant. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 325 
 
 632. Elixir Eucalyptus Compound. 
 
 Eucalyptus Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
 Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, ... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). It may also be made 
 from the Fluid Extracts of Eucalyptus 2 ounces, Liquorice 
 and Wild Cherry each 1 ounce, mixed with 12 ounces of Elixir, 
 and filtered through a little carbonate of magnesium. 
 
 This Elixir is used mainly as a vehicle for Quinine and other 
 bitter medicines. Its astringent properties render the Quinine 
 insoluble, and therefore tasteless. 
 
 633. Elixir Euonymus. 
 
 Elixir of WaJioo. 
 
 Fluid Extract Wahoo, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Liquorice, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 13*^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 This may also be made by percolating 2 ounces av. of Wahoo 
 and yi ounce of Liquorice root in coarse powder with Elixir 
 Percolating Menstruum 1 pint, and adding Sugar 5 ounces av., 
 and soluble Flavoring I fl. ounce, as directed (512). 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains of Wahoo. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or more as a bitter tonic and laxative. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Fluid Ex- 
 tract Euonymus 2]/, fl. ounces. Syrup <>f Coffee 2 (1. ounces, 
 Water 2 ll. ounces, Compound Elixir of Taraxacum q. s. to 
 make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 634. Elixir Frangula (or Buckthorn). 
 
 'flic New-York and Brooklyn Formulary gives tin- follow- 
 ing formula under this title. It should not be mistaken for 
 
320 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 the proprietary preparation known as Buckthorn Cordial, 
 which will be found among the Standard Remedies : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Frangula (Buckthorn), 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Compound Elixir of Taraxacum, ... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 « Simple Elixir, 8 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 15 grains Frangula. The dose is 
 a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 635. Elixir Gelsemium. 
 
 Elixir Yellow Jasmine. 
 
 Fluid Extract Gelsemium, 640 minims. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 5 grains Gelsemium. The dose is 
 from y 2 to a teaspoonful. 
 
 636. Elixir Gentian. 
 
 Gentian Root, in coarse powder, . . . 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . 1^ ounces av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, in fine powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 7^ pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2y 2 pounds av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 To make I gallon of Elixir. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). Add the whites of 
 2 eggs, shake, allow to stand two or three days, and filter 
 clear. 
 
 This is the same strength as the old official Compound In- 
 fusion of Gentian. The whites of eggs are added for the 
 purpose of removing any astringent principles, so that the 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 327 
 
 Elixir may be mixed with solutions of Iron. It is the base of 
 all the Gentian Elixirs, which may be made from it by adding 
 various salts, solutions, etc. 
 
 The dose of the Simple Elixir of Gentian as a stomachic is 
 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs : 
 
 Extract of Gentian, 70 grains. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Vanilla, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Syrup 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Simple Elixir, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Extract in the Syrup by trituration. Add the Vanilla and 
 Elixir. 
 
 637. Elixir Gentian and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Gentian, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in a little water by the aid of a 
 few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir, and 
 filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Bismuth salt combined 
 with Elixir Gentian. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two — an excellent stomachic. 
 
 638. Elixir Gentian and Citrate of Iron. 
 
 Ferrated Elixir of Gentian. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
 Elixir ( rentian, i pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
 the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 1 grain of Citrate of Iron combined 
 with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
328 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 639. Elixir Gentian, Iron and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Gentian and Citrate of Iron (638), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in a little water by the aid of a 
 few drops Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir Gentian 
 and Iron. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Bismuth com- 
 bined with Elixir of Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 640. Elixir Gentian, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, ij4 grain. 
 
 Elixir Gentian and Iron (made with 
 either the Citrate, Phosphate, or Pyro- 
 phosphate of Iron), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions of 
 the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of Strych- 
 nine, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y^ grain Strychnine combined with 
 Elixir Gentian and Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 641. Elixir Gentian, Iron, Bismuth and 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 
 
 Elixir Gentian, Iron and Bismuth (639), I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
 Strychnine, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain each Iron and Bismuth and 
 y^-0- grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Gentian. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 

 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 329 
 
 642. Elixir Gentian and Phosphate of Iron. 
 
 Ferri-phosphated Elixir of Gentian. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Gentian, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, add 
 the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Iron combined 
 with Elixir of Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 643. Elixir Gentian, Phosphate of Iron and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Ferri-phosphated Elixir of Gentian with Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \ l /> grain. 
 
 Elixir Gentian and Phosphate of Iron, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with the Elixir, or 
 add an equivalent quantity of solution of Strychnine. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Phosphate of Iron and T fo 
 grain of Strychnine combined with Elixir of Gentian. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 644. Elixir Gentian and Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 Ferro-phosphorated Elixir of Gentian. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 
 
 Water 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Gentian, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, add 
 the Elixir of Gentian, and filter. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 1 grain Pyrophosphate of Iron com- 
 bined with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful <>r two. 
 
 Other combinations of Gentian and Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 may be made by adding other ingredients. 
 
IV.M) ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 645. Elixir Gentian and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Gentian, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
 Strychnine, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y-J^ grain of Strychnine Sulphate com- 
 bined with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 646. Elixir Gentian, Strychnine and Bismuth. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 1^2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Gentian and Bismuth (637), . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
 Strychnine. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and T ^ grain Strych- 
 nine combined with Elixir Bismuth. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 647. Elixir Gentian with Tincture Chloride 
 
 of Iron. 
 
 Solution Chloride of Iron, \y 2 fl. drachm. 
 
 Citric Acid, 120 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), . . 200 grains. 
 Elixir Gentian, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Citric Acid to a powder and dissolve it in the Elixir 
 of Gentian ; add to the solution the Carbonate of Sodium in 
 crystals, and allow to stand until effervescence ceases and the 
 Carbonate of Sodium is dissolved ; then add the solution of 
 Iron, and after standing a day or two filter. 
 
 This may be made by using 6 fl. drachms Tincture of Chlo- 
 ride of Iron instead of the solution as directed. 
 
 It may also be made by taking 
 
 Tasteless Tincture Chloride of Iron, . §20 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 331 
 
 In former editions of FENNER'S FORMULARY the formula 
 has been — 
 
 Citrate of Potassium or Sodium, . . y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 
 
 Elixir Gentian, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 All these formulae make, practically, the same preparation ; 
 the Citrate of Potassium or Sodium which is formed making 
 with the Solution of Iron double salts — Citro-Chloride of Iron 
 and Sodium, or Citro-Chloride of Iron and Potassium — which 
 have not the styptic taste of the iron salt. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains the equivalent of 2j^ minims (6 drops) 
 of Tincture of Iron combined with Elixir of Gentian. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 648. Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron with 
 
 Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Gentian and Tincture of Iron, . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Quinine combined 
 with Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 649. Elixir Gentian, Chloride of Iron, 
 
 Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir of Gentian and Chloride of Iron, . 1 pint. 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \]4. grain. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 
 
 Rub the Strychnine first with separate portions of the Elixir 
 to dissolve, then add the Quinine salt. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains i grain Sulphate of Quinine, ,,',,, grain 
 Sulphate <>f Strychnine, combined with Elixir Gentian and 
 Chloride of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
ELIXIRIA— ELIXIRS. 
 
 650. Elixir Gentian and Tincture Chlor- 
 
 ide of Iron with Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron, . . 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Lactopeptine for 24 hours or longer, with 
 occasional agitation, in the Elixir Gentian, etc., and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine combined with 
 Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron. 
 
 Other combinations of Lactopeptine with Elixirs of Gentian 
 may be made in the same manner. 
 
 651. Elixir Ginger. 
 
 Soluble Extract of Ginger, .... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 4 grains of Ginger. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 652. Elixir Grindelia Robusta. 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta, . . 2^/q fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 drachms. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder, and 
 then with the fluid extract and alcohol ; then gradually add 
 Elixir and, after standing a day or two, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Grindelia. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs only 1 
 ounce of the fluid extract in a pint. 
 
 653. Elixir Guarana. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Guarana, 2$/& fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 333 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Guarana. The dose is from 
 a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 Some formulas for Elixir Guarana direct 4 fl. ounces in a 
 pint. The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Fluid 
 Extract Guarana 3 fl. ounces, Elixir 3 fl. ounces, Compound 
 Elixir Taraxacum 10 fl. ounces. The quantity directed in our 
 formula — 10 grains in a fl. drachm — is the most convenient. 
 
 654. Elixir Guarana and Celery. 
 
 Fluid Extract Guarana, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Celery, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains each of Celery and 
 Guarana. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 655. Elixir Helonias Compound. 
 
 Mitchella (Partridge Berry or Squaw Vine), 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cramp Bark, I ounce av. 
 
 Blue Cohosh, i ounce av. 
 
 Unicorn Root (Helonias), 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful or more, as a catholicon. 
 
 656. Elixir Hops, or Humulus. 
 
 Hops, in coarse powder, 2->a ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about iS fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, i fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
334 ELIXIKIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 This may also be made from Fluid Extract of Hops 2^i 
 fl. ounces, Elixir 14 fl. ounces, Carbonate of Magnesium 1 
 drachm. Mix and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Hops. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, as a nervine and tonic. 
 
 657. Elixir Hydrastis or Golden Seal. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, Aqueous, . 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 This may also be made by percolating 640 grains powdered 
 Hydrastis with Elixir sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 5 grains Golden Seal. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 658. Elixir Hydrastis and Iron. 
 
 Ferri-phosphated Elixir Hydrastis. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Hydrastis, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, and 
 add to the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
 Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 Other salts of Iron may be combined with Elixir Hydrastis 
 in a similar manner. 
 
 659. Elixir Hydrastis, Iron and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Hydrastis, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid of a few 
 drops of Water of Ammonia ; dissolve the Iron salt in the 
 Elixir, and mix the solutions. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 335 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain each of the Iron and Bismuth 
 salts, combined with Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful or two. 
 
 Elixir Hydrastis and Bismuth may be made the same as the 
 above, only omitting the Iron salt. 
 
 660. Elixir Hydrastis, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 r * &' 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 
 
 Elixir Hydrastis and Iron, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add lyt. fl. drachm solution of Strych- 
 nine to a pint of Elixir Hydrastis and Iron. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains -j-J-^ grain Strychnine and I grain Iron, 
 combined with Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 Other combinations may readily be made by adding various 
 salts, solutions or substances to Elixir Hydrastis, or by adding 
 1 ' ; fl. ounces of Aqueous Fl. Ext. Hydrastis to a pint of other 
 Elixirs. 
 
 661. Elixir Hyoscyamus or Henbane. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This may also be made by percolating 1280 grains Hyoscya- 
 mus with Elixir Percolating Menstruum 1 pint, adding Sugar 
 5 ounces, and Soluble Flavoring 1 ounce, as directed (512). 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Hyoscyamus. The dose is 
 
 a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 662. Elixir Hypophosphite of Calcium. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, I pint. 
 
 Rub the salt to a fine powder and dissolve by rubbing with 
 separate portions of the Elixir. 
 
 A II. drachm contains 2 grains Hypophosphite of Calcium. 
 
336 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 Elixirs of other Hypophosphites, as HypopJiospliite of Sodium, 
 etc., may be made in the same proportion. 
 
 663. Elixir Hypophosphites Compound. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium, 64 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder, and with the 
 Elixir until dissolved. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3*^ grains of the Hypophosphites. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 664. Elixir Hypophosphite of Iron. 
 
 Solution of Hypophosphite of iron, . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Hypophosphite of Iron. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 665. Elixir Ignatia. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ignatia, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 3^ grains Ignatia. The dose is from 
 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 666. Elixir Iodide of Calcium. 
 
 Iodide of Calcium, . . 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodide of Calcium in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful or more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 337 
 
 667. Elixir Iodide of Iron (Tasteless). 
 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron (the salt), . . . 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing with the Elixir. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Tasteless Iodide of Iron — a 
 salt formerly patented by J. Cruse. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 668. Elixir Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Iodide of Potassium. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 Elixir Iodide of Ammonium and Elixir Iodide of Sodium are 
 made in the same manner and proportion. 
 
 669. Elixir Ipecac. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, i fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and filter. 
 
 This may also be made by macerating 1 ounce of powdered 
 Ipecac in a pint of Elixir for several days, and filtering. 
 A ll. drachm represents t ) )', grains of Ipecac. 
 The dose as an expectorant, etc., is a teaspoonful or less ; as 
 an emetic, a tablespoon ful or more. 
 
 670. Elixir Ipecac and Opium. 
 
 Dover's Elixir. 
 
 Opium, in powder, [28 grains. 
 
 [pecac, in powder [28 grains. 
 
 Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the powders in the Elixir, with occasional agita- 
 tion for a week, and filter. 
 
338 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 This may also be made by taking 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, 3^ A. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 13 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix, let stand, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm of this Elixir represents 1 grain each Opium 
 and Ipecac, and is equivalent to 10 grains Dover's Powder. 
 
 Deodorized Tincture of Opium is to be preferred for making 
 this Elixir, but is not directed, as it is not a complete repre- 
 sentative of powdered Opium. 
 
 671. Elixir Jaborandi. 
 
 Elixir Pilocarpus. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Jaborandi 23^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix, and after standing filter, adding a little powdered Car- 
 bonate Magnesium to the filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Jaborandi. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. . 
 
 672. Elixir Juniper Berries. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Juniper Berries, . . 23^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Holland Gin 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix the liquids; rub with the Carbonate Magnesium in a 
 mortar, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Juniper Berries. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 673. Elixir Kairine. 
 
 Kairine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Kairine. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful or two. 
 
ELIXIRS. 
 
 674. Elixir Lactate of Iron. 
 
 Solution " Protoxide of Iron," . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 Lactic Acid, Concentrated, .... \y 2 fl. drachm. 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 1 grain Lacto-citrate of Iron. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 The Elixir Lactate of Iron may also be made by dissolving 
 128 grains Lactate of Iron in a pint of Elixir and adding i 1 /^ 
 fl. drachm Lactic Acid. 
 
 675. Elixir Lactate of Iron and Pepsin. 
 
 Pepsin, Saccharated, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Lactate of Iron, ....... 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Pepsin in the Elixir for several days, and 
 strain. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Saccharated Pepsin and 1 grain 
 Lactate of Iron. Dose, a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 676. Elixir Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 384 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Lactopeptine in the mixed liquids for several 
 days in a warm place. Color with cochineal coloring and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 A great variety of combinations of Lactopeptine with other 
 preparations may be made by macerating 256 grains Lacto- 
 peptine in a pint of the required Elixir. The combinations of 
 Lactopeptine with Calisaya and Gentian Elixirs will be found 
 under those headings. 
 
340 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 677. Elixir Lactopeptine and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . .128 grains. 
 Elixir Lactopeptine (uncolored), .... I pint. 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt with half an ounce of water by 
 the aid of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine and 1 grain of 
 Bismuth. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 678. Elixir Lactopeptine, Bismuth and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 
 
 Elixir Lactopeptine and Bismuth, . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of Solution 
 of Strychnine. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine, 1 grain Bismuth, 
 and y^ grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 679. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium (Lime). 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactophosphate of Calcium. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 680. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium and 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron, .... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Calcium and Iron salts in 
 solution. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 341 
 
 681. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium with 
 
 Pepsin. 
 
 Pepsin, saccharated 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium, . . 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Pepsin in the Elixir for several days, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Lactophosphate of Lime 
 and Pepsin. 
 
 A great variety of other combinations of the Lactophos- 
 phates with other substances may be made up in the form of 
 Elixirs, by adding the solutions of Lactophosphates to the 
 required Elixirs, or other substances to Elixirs of Lacto- 
 phosphates. 
 
 682. Elixir Laxative. 
 
 A number of preparations by this name have been quite 
 popular. The following formula makes a preparation similar 
 to the one which has been best received : 
 
 Senna, in coarse powder -2 ounces av. 
 
 Gentian, in coarse powder, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . 1 drachm. 
 
 Coriander Seed, in fine powder, ... 1 drachm. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, ... 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 ounce av. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 12S grains. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (5 12). Detannate with ]/ 2 
 ounce white of egg. Dissolve the Iron salt in 1 ounce of hot 
 water, and add to the detannated Elixir. It may also be 
 made by adding 2 fl. ounces Fluid Extract Senna and yi 
 fl. ounce Tincture Cardamom Seed to 14^ fl. ounces of Elixir 
 Gentian and Phosphate of Iron. The dose is a dessertspoon- 
 ful to a tablespoonful as a laxative and tonic. 
 
 Other Laxative Elixirs are noted under the Cathartic Elixirs 
 
 and among the Standard Remedies. 
 
342 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 683. Elixir Lactucarium. 
 
 Lactucarium, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Lactucarium in the Elixir for 24 hours; then 
 rub it to a smooth mixture with the Elixir, and after standing 
 a day or two filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactucarium. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoon ful or more. 
 
 684. Elixir Leptandra. 
 
 Leptandra (Culver's Root), in coarse 
 
 powder, . 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made 
 by mixing 2^ fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Leptandra with 
 enough Elixir to make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Leptandra. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 685. Elixir Liquorice. 
 
 Elixir Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, . . 2^ ounces av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about I pint. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made by 
 mixing Fluid Extract Liquorice 2% fl. ounces with Water of 
 Ammonia, 20 minims, and Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Liquorice Root. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 This Elixir is much used as a vehicle for bitter medicines, as 
 Quinine, etc. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 343 
 
 686. Elixir Liquorice Compound. 
 
 Elixir Glycyrrhisa Compound. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, . . \% ounce av. 
 
 Wild Cherry, in coarse powder, I ounce av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . I drachm. 
 
 Coriander Seed, in fine powder, . . i drachm. 
 
 Cinnamon, in fine powder, I drachm. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about I pint. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, I fl. drachm. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or add the Fluid 
 Extract of the drugs to Elixir, as directed (513). 
 
 This Elixir is used chiefly as a vehicle for Quinine and other 
 bitter medicines. 
 
 687. Elixir Lobelia Compound. 
 
 Lobelia, in coarse powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Bloodroot, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
 Skunk Cabbage, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or add 1 ounce each 
 of the Fluid Extracts of the drugs to 13 fl. ounces of Elixir. 
 The dose is y> to 1 teaspoonful as an expectorant. 
 
 688. Elixir Lupulin. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Lupulin 2.< 4 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
344 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or add 2 3^ fl. ounces 
 of the Fluid Extract Lupulin to 14 fl. ounces Elixir, and filter 
 through Carbonate Magnesium. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Lupulin. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoon ful. 
 
 689. Elixir Malt. 
 
 Extract of Malt 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and, after standing, strain or filter. 
 
 The dose is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful. 
 
 690. Elixir Malt with Hypophosphites. 
 
 Extract of Malt, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Hypophosphites Compound (663), 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and, after standing, strain or filter. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 691. Elixir Malt and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Malt 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
 add to the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Iron combined 
 with Elixir Malt. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 692. Other Malt Elixirs. 
 
 A great variety of combinations of Malt with other Elixirs 
 may be made either by adding 4 fl. ounces of Extract of Malt 
 to the required Elixir as directed (690), or adding the required 
 substances to Elixir Malt, as directed (691). 
 

 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 345 
 
 693. Elixir Mandrake or May Apple. 
 
 Elixir Podophyllum Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Mandrake 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing, filter through a little Carbon- 
 ate of Magnesium. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Mandrake. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 694. Elixir Mandrake Compound. 
 
 Elixir Podophyllum Compound. 
 
 Mandrake (Podophyllum), in powder, . 1 ounce av. 
 Leptandra (Culver's Root), in powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Senna, in coarse powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or mix the Fluid 
 Extracts of the drugs with Elixir, and filter through Carbon- 
 ate Magnesium. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains each of the drugs. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful as a cholagogue and laxative. 
 
 695. Elixir Matico Compound. 
 
 Matico, in coarse powder i ounce av. 
 
 Buchu, in coarse powder, 1 ounce aw 
 
 Cubebs, in line powder I ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about l S tl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring i tl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (5 12), or by mixing the 
 fluid extracts of the drugs with Elixir, rubbing with Carbonate 
 
346 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 of Magnesium, and filtering. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 more. 
 
 696. Elixir Mono-bromated Camphor Comp. 
 
 Mono-bromated Camphor 16 grains. 
 
 Butyl-Chloral, 24 grains. 
 
 Spirit of Cinnamon \y 2 fi. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Gelsemium, 80 minims. 
 
 Elixir \ l / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, ..." 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Butyl-Chloral and Mono-bromated Camphor with 
 the Spirit of Cinnamon ; add the Tincture of Gelsemium, then 
 the Elixir, then the Syrup, mixing them well together. 
 
 Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 This is considerably prescribed in France. 
 
 697. Elixir Morphine. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Elixir I pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains l /% grain Sulphate of Morphine. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 This preparation is of the same strength as the Liquor Mor- 
 pJiicc Sulphatis, formerly official, but is a better preparation, as 
 it will keep any length of time. 
 
 698. Elixir Nux Vomica. 
 
 Tincture Nux Vomica, 640 minims. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and after standing filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Tincture Nux Vomica. 
 The dose is from y 2 to a teaspoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 347 
 
 699. Elixir Opium. 
 
 Opium, in powder, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Opium with the Elixir, and macerate for several 
 days, then filter. 
 
 It may also be made by mixing 
 
 Tincture Opium, 2y% fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 An Elixir Opium Deodorized may be made in the same way 
 from the Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 
 
 A fl. drachm of Elixir Opium represents 1 grain Opium. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 A proprietary preparation known as McMunris Elixir of 
 Opium is the same as Deodorized Tincture of Opium, and 
 should not be dispensed when Elixir Opium is directed, unless 
 it is particularly designated. 
 
 700. Elixir Orange. 
 
 Elixir Aurantii. 
 
 Oil of Orange, fresh, 30 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 120 grains. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil of Orange in the Alcohol, rub the Magne- 
 sium Carbonate to a fine powder, and add to the Water; then 
 gradually add the mixture of Magnesium to the Solution of 
 Orange, and after mixing thoroughly allow to stand; then 
 filter clear and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 
 
 This Elixir is known by many names, and used mostly as an 
 adjuvant or simple Elixir. It may also be made by macerating 
 4 ounces of fresh Orange Peel in half a pint of Alcohol for 
 several days, draining and pressing; then adding 8 ounces of 
 Water and 4 ounces of Syrup, and filtering. 
 
 For other Elixirs of Orange see Simple Elixir, Aromatic 
 Elixir, Adjuvant Elixir, Curacoa Cordial, etc. 
 
848 
 
 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 701. 
 
 Elixir Orange Compound. 
 
 Elixir Vicerale Hoffman n i. 
 
 This Elixir was formerly official in the German Pharma- 
 copoeia. The formula is as follows: 
 
 Orange Peel, cut, . 
 
 Cinnamon 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium 
 Sherry Wine, . . . 
 Extract of Gentian, . 
 Extract of Wormwood, 
 Extract of Buckbean, 
 Extract of Cascarilla, 
 
 Macerate the Orange, Cinnamon and Carbonate of Potassium 
 for 8 days in the Wine, pour off, express, and dissolve the 
 extracts in the liquid. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 50 
 
 parts or 
 
 3 ? 4 
 
 ounces. 
 
 10 
 
 parts or 
 
 6 
 
 drachms. 
 
 2% 
 
 parts or 
 
 90 
 
 grains. 
 
 SO 
 
 parts or 
 
 19 
 
 fl. ounces. 
 
 5 
 
 parts or 
 
 3 
 
 drachms. 
 
 5 
 
 parts or 
 
 3 
 
 drachms. 
 
 5 
 
 parts or 
 
 3 
 
 drachms. 
 
 5 
 
 parts or 
 
 3 
 
 drachms. 
 
 702. Elixir Pancreatin. 
 
 This Elixir may be made from the fresh Pancreas of the 
 pig, as follows : 
 
 The Pancreas of 3 pigs, chopped. 
 
 Water, 6 pints. 
 
 Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for 3 days in a cool place, then strain and add — 
 
 Elixir, 3 pints. 
 
 Alcohol 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 After standing a few days filter. 
 
 This may also be made from Pancreatin : 
 
 Pancreatin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 349 
 
 Macerate the Pancreatin for 24 hours or more in the Elixir 
 and Glycerin, and filter. 
 
 The dose of Elixir Pancreatin is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 703. Elixir Pancreatin and Pepsin. 
 
 Pancreatin, 256 grains. 
 
 Pepsin, 256 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the powders for 24 hours or longer in the Elixir 
 and Glycerin, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Pacreatin and Pepsin. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 704. Elixir Pancreatin, Pepsin and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 64 grains. 
 Elixir, Pancreatin, and Pepsin, ... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in y> ounce of water by the aid 
 of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Pancreatin and Pepsin 
 and ) j grain Bismuth. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 ' )ther combinations of Pancreatin and Pepsin may be made 
 in a similar manner. 
 
 705. Elixir Paraldehyd. 
 
 Paraldehyd 640 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains 5 minims Paraldehyd. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful as a hypnotic 
 or anodyne. 
 
350 ELIXIKIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 706. Elixir Pareira Brava. 
 
 Fluid Extract Pareira Brava, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing, filter through a little Carbon- 
 ate Magnesium. It may also be made by percolating the drug 
 with Elixir, as directed (512). 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of the drug. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 707. Elixir Pepsin. 
 
 Elixir of Pepsin may be prepared from the fresh stomachs 
 of the pig or calf, or from the saccharated Pepsins, or the Pure 
 Pepsins which are furnished by manufacturers. Elixirs of 
 Pepsin desired to combine with other preparations, as Bismuth, 
 Iron, etc., should be made from the Saccharated Pepsin. Some 
 manufacturers call Wine of Pepsin and its combinations 
 Elixirs of Pepsin. 
 
 The value of Elixirs of Pepsin and their combinations with 
 various salts as are found on the market has been seriously 
 questioned, and not without reason, as they present many 
 incompatibilities; but these combinations are much used and 
 are perhaps as valuable as many other compounds which are 
 prescribed. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin may be prepared from the fresh stomachs as 
 follows : 
 
 The stomachs of 6 pigs. 
 
 Water, 6 pints. 
 
 Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acetic Acid, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissect the lining membrane from the stomachs, and digest 
 for three days in the mixture of the liquids, then strain and add 
 
 Elixir, 3 pints. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring-, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 and, after standing a few days, filt 
 
 er. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 351 
 
 This may be used as a simple Elixir of Pepsin, or may be 
 combined with salts which are not incompatible with acids ; 
 but it forms precipitates with Bismuth and some other prep- 
 arations. 
 
 708. Elixir Pepsin. 
 
 MADE FROM SACCHARATED OR POWDERED PEPSIN. 
 
 Pepsin, Saccharated or Powdered, . . .256 grains. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Pepsin in the liquids for 24 hours or longer 
 and strain or filter through coarse filtering paper. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Saccharated or official Pep- 
 sin. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or 
 more. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin may also be made from Scale Pepsin by first 
 reducing it to a powder and macerating 64 grains in 3 ounces 
 each Water and Glycerin and 10 ounces of Elixir. As thus 
 prepared it is more than double the strength of Elixir Pepsin 
 as made from Saccharated Pepsin, representing in a fl. drachm 
 the equivalent of 5 grains Saccharated Pepsin. It may be 
 colored with a little caramel if desired. 
 
 Elixirs of Pepsin are very slow to filter because of the mucous 
 which covers the surface of the paper. They are therefore 
 better strained through muslin. 
 
 This Elixir Pepsin should be used for combining with Bis- 
 muth, Iron salts, etc. 
 
 709. Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Pepsin (708), I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bismuth salt in _'_• ounce of water with the 
 aid of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the 
 Elixir. It may be colored, if desired, with a little caramel. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains i grain Bismuth combined with Elixir 
 of Pepsin. The d<>sr is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
352 ELIXIRIA 
 
 710. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \ J / 2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709*, . . . I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, then filter Or add \]/ 2 drachm of Solu- 
 tion of Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and T \-^ grain Strych- 
 nine combined with Elixir Pepsin. Dose, a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 711. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709), .... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
 the Elixir. 
 
 This may also be made with Pyrophosphate of Iron instead 
 of Citrate, by dissolving 128 grains of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 in 1 ounce hot water and adding to the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Bismuth and Iron com- 
 bined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a des- 
 sertspoonful. 
 
 712. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth, Iron and Strych- 
 
 nine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \ l / 2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Iron (711), . I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add iyi fl. drachm of Solution of Strych- 
 nine to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 This may also be made by dissolving 128 grains Citrate or 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron in a pint of Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth 
 and Strychnine. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Bismuth and Iron, and 
 i 1 grain Strychnine, combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 353 
 
 713. Elixir Pepsin and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 
 
 Water i fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
 add the Elixir. 
 
 This Elixir may also be made with the same quantity of 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, or of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
 in place of the Phosphate. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
 Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 714. Elixir Pepsin, Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \}i grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Iron, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add i}4 fl. drachm Solution of Strychnine to 
 a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Iron and j-J-y grain Strychnine, 
 combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 715. Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid. 
 
 Concentrated Lactic Acid, 64 minims. 
 
 Scale Pepsin, 64 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin to a powder and add to the mi\;ed liquids, 
 allow to stand several days, with frequent agitation, then 
 strain through muslin. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains '„■ grain pure Pepsin (equivalent to 5 
 grains Saccharated Pepsin) and $4 minim Lactic Acid. The 
 dose 1- a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon fu'k 
 
354 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 This is one of the best liquid preparations of Pepsin, but is 
 not compatible with soluble Bismuth or Pyrophosphate of 
 Iron. It is called by some manufacturers Aromatic Solution of 
 Pepsin, Liquor Pepsin, etc. 
 
 This Elixir may also be made the same strength by taking 
 640 grains of Saccharated Pepsin, instead of the scale Pepsin, 
 and it is frequently made with much less, from 2 to 3 grains of 
 Saccharated Pepsin being used for each fl. drachm. 
 
 716. Elixir Pepsin and Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid (715), . . 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Quinine salt with the Elixir to dissolve. 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Quinine combined 
 with the Pepsin Elixir. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 717. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Quinine (716), ... 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
 add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of Iron and Quinine com- 
 bined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 718. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1% grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Quinine (716), . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add \]/ 2 fl. drachm of Solution of Strychnine 
 to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Quinine and y^ grain Strych- 
 nine combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 355 
 
 719. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine, Iron and Strych- 
 
 nine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Iron (717), . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add \y 2 fl. drachm Solution of Strychnine 
 to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain each Quinine and Iron and y^ 
 grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful. 
 
 720. Elixir Pepsin and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid (715), . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add l}i drachm Solution of Strychnine 
 to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains T -J-g- grain Strychnine combined with 
 Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 721. Elixir Pepsin and Wafer Ash. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Ptelea. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wafer Ash (Ptelea), . 1 fl. ounce. 
 Elixir Pepsin, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and, after standing, filter clear through a little 
 powdered charcoal. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents the soluble constituents of 3^ grains 
 Wafer Ash combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 A Glyccrite of Pepsin and Wafer Ash is also made. See 
 Glycerites. 
 
 Other Pepsin Elixirs. 
 
 A great variety of other combinations of Pepsin with other 
 substances in the form of Elixirs may be made by adding 
 Pepsin to other Elixirs, or other substances to Elixir Pepsin. 
 
356 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 722. Elixir Phosphate of Calcium (Lime). 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium, ... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Calcium. Dose, 
 a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 723. Elixir Phosphate of Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 256 grains. 
 
 Water, ...» 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in the Water by the aid of 
 heat and add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron. Dose, a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 724. Elixir Phosphates Compound. 
 
 Concentrated Solution of Phosphates 
 
 Compound, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful, containing about 3^ grains of 
 the mineral Phosphates in solution, with excess of phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 725. Elixir Phosphate of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 256 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid (50 per cent.), .... 30 minims. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Elixir and Acid and dissolve the Quinine salt in the 
 mixture by the aid of gentle heat. Dissolve the Phosphate 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 357 
 
 of Iron in the Water and Glycerin, by the aid of heat, and 
 while both the solutions are still hot add the Quinine solution 
 to the Iron solution. When cool filter. 
 
 It is necessary that the solutions be quite warm, about 160 
 F., and that they be gradually mixed together, otherwise a 
 gelatinous mass, instead of a clear solution, will result. The 
 Quinine solution should be added to the Iron solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron and I grain 
 of Quinine. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 726. Elixir Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Phosphate of Iron and Quinine, . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms Solution of Strychnine to a 
 pint of the Elixir. 
 
 This may also be made as directed in the previous formula, 
 by adding 2 grains of Strychnine Sulphate to the ingredients 
 therein named and proceeding in the same manner. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron, 1 grain 
 Quinine, and ,./, grain of Strychnine. 
 
 The proportion of Strychnine as prepared by manufacturers 
 varies considerably, some using only -j i- - grain, while others 
 use as much as J - grain in a fl. drachm. 
 
 727. Elixir Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (1880), by 
 
 weight, 640 grains. 
 
 < rlycerin 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make • 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them and. after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Phosphoric Acid. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful to .1 dessertspoonful. 
 
 This is about one-third the strength of Phosphoric Acid 
 diluted. 
 
358 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 728. Elixir Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus, fresh (not oxidized), ... \y 2 grain. 
 Absolute Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Add the Phosphorus to the Alcohol contained in a small 
 bottle and stop tightly, dissolve the Phosphorus in the Alcohol 
 by gentle heat of water bath, then mix 
 
 Glycerine, 3 fl. ounces, 
 
 Elixir, 12 fl. ounces, 
 
 and warm the mixture to about 140 F., and while the solution 
 of Phosphorus is still warm add the mixture to it and mix 
 thoroughly. Set aside in a well-stopped bottle in a cool place. 
 A fl. drachm contains -j-fa grain of Phosphorus. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 729. Elixir Phosphorus Compound. 
 
 Elixir Phosphorus and Nux Vomica. 
 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica, 384 minims. 
 
 Elixir Phosphorus, sufficient to make . 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them by adding the Elixir gradually to the Tincture. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 minims of Tincture of Nux Vomica 
 and y^j- grain Phosphorus. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 730. Elixir Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine and 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Phosphorus (728), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Phosphate of Iron, # Quinine and 
 
 Strychnine (726), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Iron, y 2 grain Quinine,-^ grain 
 Strychnine, and ^Lq- grain of Phosphorus. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 359 
 
 731. Elixir Pink Root Compound. 
 
 Pink Root, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Balmony, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains Pink Root, 3^ grains 
 Senna, and 2 grains Balmony. 
 
 This is an excellent preparation for worms, and is given in 
 doses of a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 732. Elixir Propylamine. 
 
 Propylamine (liquid), 64 minims. 
 
 Elixir, I pint. 
 
 Mix them. The dose is a tablespoonful, containing 2 
 minims of Propylamine. 
 
 Elixir Chloride of Propylamine is made by dissolving 384 
 grains of Chloride of Propylamine in a pint of Elixir. A 
 fl. drachm contains 3 grains of the salt. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful. 
 
 733. Elixir " Protoxide " of Iron. 
 
 Solution " Protoxide " of Iron, . . . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of 
 Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 734. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Iodide 
 
 of Calcium. 
 
 Iodide of Calcium, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Protoxide of Iron (733), .... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of Iron, and I 
 grain Iodide of Calcium. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
360 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 735. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Iodide 
 of Potassium. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 384 grains. 
 
 Elixir Protoxide of Iron (733), .... 1 pint. 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of Iron and 3 
 grains Iodide of Potassium. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 736. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir Protoxide of Iron (233), .... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine salt by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Protocitrate of Iron and I 
 grain of Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 737. Elixir Protoxide of Iron, Quinine and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, i*4 grain. 
 
 Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Quinine, . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, or add ijA fl. drachm of Solution Strychnine to 
 
 a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 738. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 Fcrro-phosphatcd Cordial Elixir. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 
 
 Water, . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Pyrophosphate of Iron in the Water by the aid 
 of heat ami add the Elixir. After standing, filter. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 361 
 
 739. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 
 
 Quinine. (Neutral.) 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 64 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron, 128 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s., . . . . 20 to 30 drops. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in a portion of the Elixir and rub 
 the Quinine salt in a mortar with the solution, then add the 
 remainder of the Elixir and warm the mixture gently by a 
 water-bath until the salt is entirely dissolved; dissolve the 
 Iron salt by the aid of heat in the water, and add to the solu- 
 tion 20 drops of 10 per cent. Water of Ammonia, then add 
 the Quinine solution to the Iron solution and mix them thor- 
 oughly. When cool, filter. If the Elixir, when cool, remains 
 cloudy, add a few drops more of Water of Ammonia to make 
 clear. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt and ]/>, grain 
 Quinine. The dose is a'teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 This Elixir was formerly prescribed and sold as Elixir Phos- 
 phate of Iron and Quinine, but since the introduction of a sol- 
 uble scale Phosphate of Iron the Elixir No. 725 is now fur- 
 nished by that name. 
 
 740. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine 
 
 and Strychnine. (Neutral.) 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, 1 pint. 
 
 olve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add 2 ll. drachms of solution of Strych- 
 nine to a pint of Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine. 
 [t may also be made the same as directed tor the preceding 
 formula by adding to the solution of Citric Acid in Elixir 2 
 grains of Sulphate of Strychnine before adding the Quinine 
 salt. 
 
362 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain of the Iron salt, y 2 grain Qui- 
 nine, and ¥ * T grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
 more. 
 
 This Elixir was formerly called Elixir Phosphate of Iron, 
 Quinine and Strychnine, as explained in the foregoing formula. 
 
 Elixirs of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Cinchonidine, with 
 their various combinations, are made in the same manner as 
 Elixirs Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, only using Sul- 
 phate of Cinchonidine instead of Sulphate of Quinine. 
 
 A great variety of combinations are made with Elixir Pyro- 
 phosphate of Iron, Quinine, and Strychnine. It is unnecessary 
 to give detailed formulae for them as they are made simply by 
 adding- various salts and solutions to the Elixir. 
 
 741. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 
 Quinine. 
 
 The foregoing Elixirs of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Qui- 
 nine being neutral cannot be made to hold much more than 
 y 2 grain of Quinine in a fl. drachm in solution. The following 
 formula is made to contain 1 grain in a fl. drachm : 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., 1880, . I fl. drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s., about ... 20 minims. 
 
 Elixir sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine Salt in 8 ounces of the Elixir, the 
 Alcohol, and the Phosphoric Acid. Dissolve the Pyrophos- 
 phate of Iron in 1 ounce of Water by the aid of heat and add 
 to the solution 6 ounces of Elixir and 20 minims Water of 
 Ammonia. When the two solutions, the Quinine in one and 
 the Iron in the other, are ready add the one containing the 
 Quinine very gradually to the one containing the Iron, giving 
 time for the precipitate formed to be dissolved after adding 
 each portion before adding more. If not clear when all is 
 

 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 363 
 
 added, add enough Water of Ammonia, mixed with a little 
 Elixir to make clear, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt and I grain 
 Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 742. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine 
 
 and Arsenic. 
 
 Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, . . . 256 minims. 
 Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 
 
 Quinine (741), 1 4H A. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Quinine, and 2 
 minims Fowler's Solution. 
 
 743. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine, 
 
 and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms solution of Strychnine 
 to a pint of Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt, 1 grain Qui- 
 nine, and -fa grain Strychnine. 
 
 744. Elixir Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, q. s., about 10 minims. 
 
 Elixir, I pint. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s., about ... 10 minims. 
 
 Rub the Quinine salt to a powder and then with the Elixir 
 to a smooth mixture, add Sulphuric Acid drop by drop until, 
 after standing, the Quinine is entirely dissolved, then add a 
 few drops of Water of Ammonia until the blue fluorescence of 
 the solution has mostly disappeared. Filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
364 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 745. Elixir Quinine, Bismuth and Pepsin. 
 
 Elixir Quinine (744), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709), . . 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and if any cloudiness occurs add Water of Am- 
 monia drop by drop to clear. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ]/ 2 grain Quinine, }/ 2 grain Bismuth, 
 and 1 grain Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 746. Elixir Quinine, Bismuth and Strychnine. 
 
 Elixir Quinine {744), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir Bismuth and Strychnine (539), . 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and, if necessary, add a few drops of Water of 
 Ammonia to make clear. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Quinine, y 2 grain Bismuth, 
 and y^-g- grain Strychnine. 
 
 747. Elixir Quinine Bisulphate. 
 
 Bisulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Quinine salt with the Elixir until dissolved, and 
 filter. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bisulphate of Quinine. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 748. Elixir Quinine Phosphate. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (1880), . 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Quinine salt to a fine powder and then to a smooth 
 mixture with the Elixir, add the Phosphoric Acid, dissolve 
 and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 Other combinations of Quinine with Elixirs will be found 
 under other headings. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 365 
 
 749. Elixir Rhubarb. 
 
 Rhubarb, in coarse powder, .... \)A ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
 made by mixing i.j4 ounce Fluid Extract of Rhubarb with 
 enough Elixir to make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents about 5 grains of Rhubarb. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 750. Elixir Rhubarb and Columbo. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Columbo, 256 minims. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, 256 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and after standing, filter. 
 
 This may also be made by percolating Rhubarb and Col- 
 umbo, each 256 grains, with Elixir Percolating Menstruum, 1 
 pint, adding 5 ounces sugar and 1 ounce Soluble Flavoring, 
 and filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 2 grains each, Rhubarb and Columbo. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 751. Elixir Rhubarb, Columbo, and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales, .... [28 grains. 
 Elixir Rhubarb and Columbo, .... 1 pint. 
 
 Water I fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix the Elixir with the white of one egg, and let stand for 
 two days, with occasional agitation, then filter through cloth. 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in water, by the aid of heat, and add to 
 the detannated Elixir; after standing a few days, filter. 
 
 A ll. drachm represents 2 grains each. Rhubarb and ( lolumbo, 
 and 1 grain Phosphate of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to 
 .1 dessertspoonful. 
 
366 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 752. Elixir Rhubarb and Magnesia. 
 
 Two Elixirs of Rhubarb and Magnesia are used, one con- 
 taining sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt) and the other 
 Citrate of Magnesium in solution. The former is probably 
 most used, but the latter is by far the more elegant preparation. 
 
 MADE WITH SULPHATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt), . 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir Rhubarb (749), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the salts with the Elixir until dissolved. The dose is 
 a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 MADE WITH CITRATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 Citric Acid, 3 drachms. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 drachms. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Rhubarb (749), 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with the Water and 
 gradually add the Citric Acid. When effervescense has ceased 
 add the Elixir Rhubarb, and mix thoroughly. The dose is a 
 dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 753. Elixir Rhubarb and Potassium. 
 
 Neutralizing Elixir. 
 
 Rhubarb, in coarse powder, 160 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, 160 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon, 80 grains. 
 
 Golden Seal, 80 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, ... 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Spirit of Peppermint, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mix all together and macerate for several days, with occa- 
 sional agitation, then filter, adding enough Elixir through the 
 filter to make a pint. In making larger quantities of this 
 Elixir it is best made by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 This is the same strength as the " Neutralizing Cordial " of 
 the American Dispensatory. The dose is a dessertspoonful to 
 a tablespoonful. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 367 
 
 754. Elixir Rubrum. 
 
 Red Elixir. 
 
 As understood in American Pharmacy, Red Elixir is Simple 
 Elixir colored red with carmine coloring, cochineal or cudbear. 
 The Simple Elixir is often designated as Elixir Album or 
 White Elixir. Red Elixir may be used as a base for Elixirs 
 desired to be colored red, but in the formulas in this work the 
 coloring is directed to be added to the Elixir when made. 
 
 755. Elixir Salicin. 
 
 Salicin, 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Salicin to a smooth mixture with the Elixir and 
 heat by means of a water-bath until the salt is dissolved. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Salicin. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 756. Elixir Salicylate of Propylamine. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Propylamine (liquid), 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Salicylic Acid with the Alcohol and Elixir and add 
 the Propylamine, then, when dissolved, add the Elixir, and 
 filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains Salicylic Acid and I 
 minim Propylamine, equivalent to 5 grains of the Salicylate of 
 Propylamine. The dose is a teaspoonful for rheumatic 
 troubles. 
 
 757. Elixir Salicylate of Sodium. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium, 640 grains. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and filter. This Elixir may 
 also be made by mixing 400 grains of Salicylic .Acid with 300 
 
368 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium and dissolving the mixture 
 in a pint of Elixir in a capacious vessel. When effervescense 
 is over, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Salicylate of Sodium. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more for rheu- 
 matic affections. 
 
 758. Elixir Salicylic Acid. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 256 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 A. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Acid in the Alcohol, and gradually add the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Salicylic Acid. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 759. Elixir Santonin. 
 
 Santonin, in very fine powder, ... 64 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 14 A- ounces. 
 
 Rub the Santonin with the Alcohol, and heat gently by 
 water-bath until dissolved, then add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Santonin. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. As Santonin is quite insol- 
 uble, and it is not desirable to have it dissolved when taken 
 as a vermifuge, it is best given in the form of an emulsion, or 
 suspended in syrup or in powders. 
 
 760. Elixir Sarsaparilla Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This Elixir may also be made from the drugs 
 directed for making 1 pint Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 
 by percolating the ingredients as directed under Fluid Extract 
 of Sarsaparilla Compound with Elixir Percolating Menstruum 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 369 
 
 
 sufficient to make 52 fl. ounces, adding 20 ounces of Sugar and 
 4 fl. ounces soluble flavoring to make 4 pints of Elixir. 
 
 This is of the same strength as Syrup Sarsaparilla Com- 
 pound. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 761. Elixir Scilla Compound. 
 
 Elixir Squill Compound. 
 
 Squill, in coarse powder, 640 grains. 
 
 Senega, in coarse powder, 640 grains. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, . 16 grains. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, ...... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512.) This is the same 
 strength as Syrup of Squill Compound. The dose is ^ to one 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 762. Elixir Senna. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senna, 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Mix, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Senna. Dose, a dessert- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful as a laxative. 
 
 763. Elixir Senna Compound. 
 
 Senna Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Rhubarb, in coarse powder, .... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Jalap, in coarse powder, y 2 ounce aw 
 
 Mandrake, in coarse powder y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, i 11. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). The dose is a tea- 
 
 a/poonful to a dessertspoonful as a laxative, .1 tablespoonful as 
 
 a cathartic. 
 
370 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 764. Elixir Stillingia. 
 
 Fluid Extract Stillingia, 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing, filter. This may also be 
 made by percolating 2^ ounces Stillingia with 2 ounces Alco- 
 hol and 14 ounces Percolating Menstruum, adding 5 ounces of 
 Sugar and 1 ounce Soluble Flavoring. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Stillingia. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 765. Elixir Stillingia Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound, . 4 fl. ounces. 
 Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing, filter. This may also be made 
 by percolating the drugs as directed for making 1 pint Fluid 
 Extract of Stillingia Compound with Elixir Percolating Men- 
 struum until 52 fl. ounces have passed, then dissolving 20 ounces 
 av. of Sugar in the percolate and adding 4 fl. ounces Soluble 
 Flavoring to make 4 pints Elixir. This is the same strength 
 as Syrup Stillingia Compound. The dose is a teaspoonful to 
 a dessertspoonful. 
 
 766. Elixir Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 4 grains. 
 
 Elixir I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
 of the Elixir, adding a few drops of dilute Sulphuric Acid, or 
 add 4 fl. drachms Solution Strychnine to a pint of Elixir and 
 filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains J* grain Strychnine. The dose is from 
 y 2 to a teaspoonful. 
 
 This Elixir is also made containing only 2 grains in a pint, 
 or ,.' grain in a fl. drachm. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 371 
 
 767. Elixir Sumbul. 
 
 Elixir of Musk Root. 
 
 Sumbul, or Musk Root, 1280 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), or mix 2^ fl. ounces 
 of Fluid Extract of Sumbul with enough Elixir to make a 
 pint and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Sumbul. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 768. Elixir Sumbul Compound. 
 
 Compound Elixir of Musk Root. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 128 grains. 
 Elixir Sumbul (767), 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Musk Root and 1 grain 
 Valerianate of Ammonium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful as a nervine. This Elixir is also called Elixir 
 Sumbul and Valerianate of Ammonium. 
 
 769. Elixir Svapnia. 
 
 Svapnia 128 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Svapnia to a powder, and with the Elixir until 
 dissolved and filter. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Svapnia. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 770. Elixir Taraxacum Compound. 
 
 Tile formulas for this Elixir are given under the heading 
 
 Elixir Dandelion Compound (626), which see. The formula was 
 first given for this Elixir by Prof. P. C. Candidus of Mobile, 
 
872 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 and as this particular formula is still frequently called for, it is 
 here repeated in substance : 
 
 Dandelion Root, I ounce av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, l/^ ounce av. 
 
 Gentian Root, l /% ounce av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel ^ ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon, l /i ounce av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, l / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Star Anise, 30 grains. 
 
 Caraway Seed, 30 grains. 
 
 Coriander Seed, 30 grains. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, and make by percola- 
 tion as directed (512). This Elixir is used as a vehicle for 
 Quinine, and as an addition to other medicines. Also as a 
 laxative and tonic in doses of a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 771. Elixir Tartrate of Antimony and 
 
 Potassium. 
 
 Elixir Tartar Emetic. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, 16 grains. 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
 Elixir, and filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains }g grain Tartar Emetic. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. This Elixir is a very 
 convenient form in which to exhibit this salt, as the dose may 
 be regulated as desired. 
 
 772. Elixir Valerian. 
 
 Valerian Root, in coarse powder, . . . 1280 grains. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 

 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 373 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
 made by mixing 2^ fl. ounces Fluid Extract Valerian with 
 enough Elixir to make a pint, and, after standing, filtering. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Valerian. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 773. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 256 grains. 
 Water of Ammonia, ioper ct.,q.s., about \]/ 2 fl. drachm. 
 
 Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, \]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Valerianate in the Elixir, and add Water of 
 Ammonia to neutralize the solution, then add the Syrup, and 
 color with Carmine solution or other red coloring. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more as an anodyne, ner- 
 vine, and hypnotic. The object of adding the Water of Am- 
 monia is to neutralize the free acid of the Valerianate of 
 Ammonium, which isalways present. The quantity specified is 
 generally about right, but it may be tested with test-paper for 
 excess of acid and made just right. This formula makes the 
 preparation usually used, but some houses furnish an Elixir 
 containing Fluid Extract of Valerian 1 fl. ounce in each pint 
 in addition to the above formula. Such an Elixir may be 
 readily made if desired by adding 1 fl. ounce Fluid Extract 
 Valerian, and filtering. It is thought to be more effective 
 when thus made. 
 
 774. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium with 
 
 Chloral Hydrate. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral, crystallized, . . . 640 grains. 
 Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, suffi- 
 cient to make i pint. 
 
 1 Hssolve iln- < Ihloral in the Elixir. 
 
 A II. drachm contains 5 grain- Hydrate of Chloral combined 
 with the Elixir. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon- 
 ful or more as a hypnotic and anodyne. 
 
874 ELI X I RI A — ELIXIRS. 
 
 775. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and Iron. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, and 
 add the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Iron and 2 grains Valerian- 
 ate of Ammonium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. Other Salts of Iron may be added to the Elixir 
 Valerianate of Ammonium in the same way. 
 
 776. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 
 
 Morphine. 
 
 Morphine Sulphate, 16 grains. 
 
 Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 1 pint. 
 Dissolve the Morphine salt in the Elixir. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
 and ]/% grain Morphine. The dose is a teaspoonful. This is 
 one of the most desirable combinations as a hypnotic and 
 anodyne. 
 
 777. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 
 
 Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 64 grains. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 256 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, about 20 minims. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Quinine salt to a smooth mixture with the Elixir, 
 and add the Valerianate. When the Quinine is entirely dis- 
 solved add the Water of Ammonia. This may be colored 
 with a little Carmine coloring if desired. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
 and ]/ 2 grain of Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful or more. A great variety of combinations may be 
 made with this Elixir by adding other salts, as Strychnine, 
 Iron, etc. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 375 
 
 778. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Elixir, and filter, or add 2 fl. drachms of Solution 
 of Strychnine to a pint of the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
 and t > T grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 An Elixir is also made containing double the quantity of 
 Strychnine, or 4 grains to a fl. drachm. 
 
 779. Elixir Valerianate of Iron. 
 
 An Elixir of Valerianate of Iron may be made by dissolving 
 128 grains Valerianate of Iron, 60 grains of Citric Acid, and 
 60 grains Citrate of Potassium in a pint of Elixir ; but it is 
 more expensive and less satisfactory than the Elixir Valerianate 
 of Ammonium and Iron (775), which is therapeutically the 
 same. 
 
 780. Elixir Valeriante of Morphine. 
 
 Valerianate of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Elixir, I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
 Elixir. 
 
 A ll. drachm contains ';> grain Valerianate of Morphine. 
 The dose is a teaspoon ful. 
 
 781. Elixir Valerianate of Quinine. 
 
 Valerianate of Quinine 64 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Valerianate by rubbing to a fine powder, add- 
 ing tin ('it lit Arid and then rubbing with the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains '_< grain Valerianate of Quinine. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
376 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 782. Elixir Valerianate of Strychnine. 
 
 Valerianate of Strychnine 2 grains. 
 
 Elixir I pint. 
 
 Rub the Strychnine salt with separate portions of the Elixir 
 until dissolved.- 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ^ grains Strychnine Valerianate. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 This Elixir is also made double the strength, or 4 grains 
 Strychnine Valerianate in a pint. 
 
 783. Elixir Valerianate of Zinc. 
 
 Valerianate of Zinc 64 grains. 
 
 Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salt by rubbing with the Elixir. 
 A fl. drachm contains }4 grain Valerianate of Zinc. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 784. Elixir Veratrum Viride. 
 
 American Hellebore, in fine powder, . . 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate for five days, and filter. This may also be made 
 by adding 256 minims of Fl. Ext. Veratrum Viride to enough 
 Elixir to make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 2 grains Veratrum Viride. The dose 
 is y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 785. Elixir Wild Cherry. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
 made by mixing 2^ fl. ounces of Fl. Ext. of Wild Cherry 
 with enough Elixir to make a pint. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 377 
 
 786. Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., 
 
 about I pint. 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces av. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512), and detannate with 
 Ferric Hydrate as directed (515). 
 
 This Elixir is used with solutions of Iron salts, Bismuth, 
 etc., that would form inky colors or precipitates with the 
 former formula. 
 
 Elixir Wild Cherry, from Cherry Pits. 
 
 An Elixir may be made from Cherry Pits, which does not 
 need to be detannated to combine with Iron, etc., by macerat- 
 ing 2 ounces of Cherry Pits, crushed, with a pint of Elixir, for 
 several days, and filtering. 
 
 787. Elixir Wild Cherry, Ferrated. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 
 Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated (786), . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
 the Elixir. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry and I grain 
 of Citrate of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 788. Elixir Wild Cherry, Ferriphosphated. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales 1 1SS0) . . 128 grains. 
 
 Water 1 il. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated (786), . 15 11. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat and 
 add the: Elixir to tin solution. 
 
 A il. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry and 1 grain 
 Phosphate of Iron, hose a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
378 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 789. Elixir Wild Cherry Ferrophosphorated 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir Wild Cherry, detannated (786), . 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water, by the aid of heat, and 
 add the Elixir to the solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Wild Cherry and 1 grain 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron. Dose, a teaspoon ful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 The Elixirs of Wild Cherry and Iron may be combined with 
 Bismuth, Strychnine, and other soluble salts which are com- 
 patible with it. 
 
 790. Elixir Wild Cherry Compound. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, I ounce av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, Y / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Marshmallow Root y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., 
 
 about 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. . 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Make by percolation as directed (512). 
 
 This Elixir is used chiefly as a vehicle for Quinine, for which 
 it is excellent. It may be made by maceration instead of per- 
 colation if desired. 
 
 791. Elixir Yerba Santa. 
 
 Fluid Extract Yerba Santa, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 ' fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 Mix, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Yerba Santa. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 379 
 
 792. Elixir Yerba Santa Compound. 
 
 The following formula is adopted from the original, first 
 published by Mr. J. S. McClary, of Los Angeles, Cal., who 
 first brought to notice the advantages of Yerba Santa as a 
 carrier for Quinine : 
 
 Yerba Santa, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Peel, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, 1 
 
 Cloves, - of each, .... 3 drachms. 
 
 Cardamom Seeds, ) 
 
 Coriander Seed, | 
 
 Caraway Seed, 
 
 , . , L of each,. ... 2 drachms. 
 
 Anise Seed, 
 
 Cochineal, 
 
 Glycerin, ' 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol, ]/z pint. 
 
 Sugar, 4 pounds av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Powder the drugs coarsely, and, having mixed the Alcohol 
 and Glycerin, moisten the powder and pack in the percolator, 
 adding Water through the percolator, and continuing the per- 
 colation until 6 pints of percolate are obtained. In this dis- 
 solve the Sugar by gentle heat, and strain. 
 
 This Elixir is used mainly to disguise the taste of Quinine 
 and other bitter medicines. 
 
 Other Elixirs. 
 
 In the first part of this article, page 275, it was explained 
 that Elixirs, as understood in American Pharmacy, were fla- 
 vored, sweetened, weakly alcoholic preparations, in which 
 medicinal substances are exhibited in pleasant, palatable form, 
 etc. The foregoing formulae have corresponded to this descrip- 
 tion, but there an- many preparations which have been known 
 in the past as " Elixirs," whieh are not of this class, and which 
 could not properly be included with it. The formulas for such 
 
380 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 
 
 of these as are most important, or likely to be called for, are 
 therefore given here. Man)- of them have been official in 
 foreign Pharmacopeias : 
 
 793. Acid Elixirs — DippeU's. — Sulphuric acid 1 part (by weight), 
 alcohol 5 parts ; drop the acid gradually into the alcohol and macerate with 
 1 part cochineal and 1 part saffron. 
 
 Hatter's. — Equal parts by weight of Sulphuric Acid and alcohol. See 
 page 73- 
 
 Voglers. — Equal parts by weight of Sulphuric Ether and nitrous ether. 
 
 794. Aloes Elixirs.— Compound Tincture of Aloes. — Acetate of potas- 
 sium, inspissiated oxgall, Socotrine Aloes, myrrh each 120 grains, hay 
 saffron 60 grains, brandy or proof spirit lyi flounces ; digest seven days and 
 strain. Several other preparations are also known as Elixirs of Aloes. 
 Tincture of Aloes and myrrh is sometimes known as Elixir Aloes Compound. 
 
 795. Elixir Amarum. — Biiter Elixir. — The present German Pharma- 
 copoeia gives the following formula : Extract of wormwood 10 parts, oleo- 
 saccharate of peppermint 5 parts, dissolve by triturating with water 25 
 parts, then add aromatic tincture 5 parts, bitter tincture 5 parts. 
 
 796. Anti-Asthmatic Elixirs. — Oil of anise, camphor, balsam of tolu 
 each 1 ounce, cochineal 1 drachm, proof spirit 1 gallon; digest seven days 
 and filter. 
 
 Boerhaaves.— Anise seed, asarabacca, elecampane, liquorice root, orris 
 root, and sweet Hag root of each 1 part, proof spirit 5 parts ; macerate and 
 filter. 
 
 797. Elixir Antigoutteux de Villette. — Gout Elixir. — Cinchona bark 
 4 parts, poppy petals 2 parts, sassafras 1 part, guaiacum 2 parts, rum 160 
 parts, syrup sarsaparilla 100 parts; macerate and filter. 
 
 798. Boerhaave's Visceral Elixir. — Aloes, myrrh, and saffron, of each 1 
 ounce, tartrate of potassium 2 ounces, alcohol 14 fl. ounces, water 1 ounce; 
 macerate three days and filter. 
 
 799. Claude's Elixir. — (Pideret.) — Salt of tartar, chloride of ammo- 
 nium, aloes, and myrrh, each 1 ounce, elder flower water 25 fl. ounces; digest 
 with agitation for 24 hours and filter. 
 
 (Parish.) — Carbonate of potassium 1 ounce, aloes, guaiacum, myrrh, saf- 
 fron, and rhubarb of each 2 drachms, water 18 fl. ounces; macerate a few 
 days and decant. 
 
 800. Elixir Deslaurier's. — Toni-febrifuge, au Quinquina el Caffe. — 
 Yellow cinchona bark 1Y2 ounces, brown cinchona bark 1 ounce, coffee 
 slightly roasted 2 ounces, sugar i2>< ounces, sherry wine 2 pints, citric acid 
 1 50 grains ; powder the drugs, macerate seven days, filter, and dissolve the 
 sugar in the filtrate. 
 
 801. Elixir Carminative, Dalby's. — Tincture of Opium 2% fl.ounces, 
 tincture asafetida 1 % fl. ounce, essence of caraway yi ounce, essence of pep- 
 
ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 381 
 
 permint i ounce, calcined magnesia %. ounce, tincture of castor t>/4 ounces, 
 alcohol 4 n. ounces, syrup 30 fl.ounces ; mix. 
 
 802. Elixir de Garus. — Myrrh 90 grains, aloes 90 grains, cloves 1S0 
 grains, nutmeg 180 grains, saffron _;8o grains, cinnamon 360 grains, alcohol 
 12 pints; reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, macerate with the alcohol 
 and distill 9 pints, which reserve ; then take maidenhair 4 tr. ounces, liquorice 
 root y z tr.ounce, figs 3 tr. ounces ; infuse in 8 pints boiling water, strain, express, 
 and dissolve in the liquid 12 pounds av. of sugar; mix equal parts by weight 
 of the syrup thus prepared with the distilled spirit reserved. 
 
 803. Elixir of Gold. — Terchloride of Gold 20 grains, alcohol 6 fl. drachms. 
 ether 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Dr. De la Motte's Golden Drops are also furnished under the name Elixir 
 of Gold ; chloride of iron 1 part, alcohol 3 parts, ether 3 parts. 
 
 804. Elixir of Long Life. — Compound Tincture of Aloes (Codex). — 
 Aloes 8 parts, gentian, rhubarb, zedoary, saffron, agaric, opium each 1 part, 
 alcohol 400 parts ; macerate and filter. 
 
 805. Elixir Pectoral. — Balsam tolu 2 ounces, benzoin l% ounce, saffron 
 y z ounce, alcohol 32 fl.ounces ; digest by gentle heat for four days and filter. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia, 1883, gives the following under the name of 
 Burst elixir or Pectoral Elixir (Elixir E Succo Liquiritiae) : Purified extract 
 of liquorice 10 parts, dissolved in fennel water 30 parts, and added to anis- 
 ated spirit of ammonia io parts; after standing the liquid is poured off from 
 the sediment. 
 
 806. Elixir Salutis. — Elixir of Health, Duffy's Elixir.— This Elixir 
 was formerly official under the title Tincture Senna Compound. Many for- 
 mulas for it are extant. The following is from the Edinburgh Dispensatory : 
 Senna 2 tr. ounces, jalap 1 tr.ounce, coriander y z tr.ounce. diluted alcohol 3^ 
 pints; macerate and filter. To this 1 pound of sugar and other aromatics 
 may be added if desired. 
 
 807. Elixir Stoughton's. — (Codex.) Aloes and cascarilla of each 1 
 drachm, rhubarb 3 drachms, gentian, germander, wormwood, and bitter 
 orange peel of each 5 drachms, alcohol 60 proof 2 pints; macerate and filter. 
 
 808. Elixir Tonic- A number of old preparations are known by this 
 name, as Elixir Roborans or Tincture Crown Hark, for which compound 
 tincture of cinchona may be dispensed if called for. 
 
 Elixir Tonique Autiglaireux de Guillie. A stomach tunic for diarrhoea, 
 
 composed of a great number of drugs, etc. 
 
 809. Elixir Visceral, Hoffman's.— Elixir Orange Compound of the 
 German Pharmacopoeia. Orange peel cut 50 parts, cinnamon bruised 10 parts, 
 carbonate of potassium 2%. parts, sherry wine 250 parts; macerate for eight 
 days and express ; add slurry wine to make 230 parts, and dissolve in the 
 
 liquid extracts of gentian, wormwood, buckbean, and cascarilla each 5 pans; 
 
 allow the mixture to settle, then filter. See, also. Iloerhaave's Visceral Elixir. 
 
382 EMPLASTRA— PLASTERS. 
 
 Besides the Elixirs of this kind which are here mentioned, are several which 
 are official in the U. S. P., under other names, as Elixir Proprietatis (Tincture 
 Aloes and Myrrh), Elixir Vitriol (Aromatic Sulphuric Acid), McMunn's Elixir 
 of Opium (Deoderized Tincture of Opium), etc. There are also many which 
 are not of sufficient general importance to require a formula for their prepa- 
 ration. They may usually be prepared as wanted by intelligent druggists. 
 
 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 The making and spreading of Plasters, which was formerly 
 quite an important feature of the business of the apothecary, 
 is now nearly a lost art as far as the retail druggist is concerned, 
 the business having been relegated to manufacturers, who have 
 experience and suitable machinery for the work, and furnish 
 all the necessary combinations in the plaster line. In this 
 country several large establishments are devoted entirely to 
 the manufacture of plasters, and from long experience and 
 experiment have perfected their products to a high degree. 
 It is not therefore supposed that many druggists will attempt 
 to make their spread plasters, but only such plaster masses as 
 are occasionally used in making other preparations, or some- 
 times called for in old formulas. 
 
 For spreading Plasters in a small way the Plaster Iron is 
 generally used. Plaster-spreading machines are advertised, 
 but they are not generally practical. 
 
 The following are the Plasters now official in the U. S., Br. 
 and German Pharmacopoeias: 
 
 810. Emplastrum Ammoniaci. 
 
 Ammoniac Plaster. 
 
 Ammoniac, 5 ounces. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, 7 ounces. 
 
 Digest the Ammoniac in the Diluted Acetic Acid until it is 
 entirely emulsionized ; then strain and evaporate by means of 
 a water-bath, stirring constantly until a small portion taken 
 from the vessel hardens on cooling. 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 383 
 
 811. Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro. 
 
 Ammoniac Plaster with Mercury. 
 
 Ammoniac, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Mercury, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Olive Oil. 19 grains. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, 2^ grains. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, 5^3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Lead Plaster, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Digest the Ammoniac in the Diluted Acetic Acid and pro- 
 ceed as directed for making Ammoniac Plaster. Heat the 
 Olive Oil and gradually add the Sulphur until they unite ; 
 then add the Mercury and triturate until extinguished. Next, 
 add gradually the Ammoniac Plaster while yet hot ; and, 
 finally, having added enough Lead Plaster previously melted 
 to make the mixture weigh 5^ ounces av., mix them thor- 
 oughly together. 
 
 The Br. formula corresponds with the U. S., 1870, Acetic 
 Acid and Lead Plaster being omitted. 
 
 812. Emplastrum Arnicae. 
 
 Arnica Plaster. 
 
 Extract of Arnica Root, 1 ounce. 
 
 Resin Plaster, 2 ounces. 
 
 Add the Extract to the Plaster, previously melted by means 
 of a water-bath, and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 813. Emplastrum Asafcetidae. 
 
 Asafctida Plaster. 
 
 Asafetida 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Lead Plaster. 3*/ ounces av. 
 
 Galbanum, \y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Yellow Wax 1 ]/, ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Digesl the Gums with the Alcohol on a water-bath, and 
 
 strain while hot; evaporate to the consistence of hone)-; then 
 
384 K.MT I. ASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 add the Lead Plaster and Wax, previously melted together, 
 stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper consistence. 
 
 814. Emplastrum Belladonae. 
 
 Belladonna Plaster. 
 
 The U. S. 1880 formula directs to make a solid extract from 
 Belladonna Root 100 parts, by exhausting with Alcohol and 
 evaporating, and then to add to the Extract enough Resin 
 Plaster, previously melted, to make 100 parts, and mix 
 thoroughly. 
 
 The Belladonna Extract is best made by water-bath perco- 
 lation as directed. (See Extract Belladonna Root.) 
 
 The Br. Pharmacopoeia directs: 
 
 Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna, . . 1 part. 
 
 Resin Plaster 2 parts. 
 
 Soap Plaster, 2 parts. 
 
 Melt the Plasters by the heat of a water-bath, then add the 
 Extract, and mix the whole thoroughly together. 
 
 815. Emplastrum Capsici. 
 
 Capsicum Plaster. 
 
 The official Capsicum Plaster is made by first spreading 
 Resin Plaster upon muslin and then brushing it over with a 
 thin coating of Oleoresin of Capsicum, leaving a narrow blank 
 margin along the edges. As furnished by manufacturers, the 
 Oleoresin or Extract of Capsicum is first incorporated with 
 the plaster mass before spreading. 
 
 816. Emplastrum Cantharidis. 
 
 Cantliarides Plaster. 
 
 In the U. S. P. this is classed among the Cerates, as Ceratum 
 Cantharidis (376), which see. The Br. formula for Emplastrum 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 385 
 
 Cantharidis is given under the same heading. The German 
 Pharmacopoeia gives two formulas, one being called Ernplas- 
 trum CantJiaridam Ordinarium, or Spanischfliegenpflastcr , and 
 the other Emplastrtim Cantharidum Perpetuum, or Zngpflaster. 
 The former is similar to the U. S. Cerate Cantharidis ; the 
 latter contains 23^ per cent. Euphorbium. 
 
 817. Emplastrum Cerussae. 
 
 White Lead Plaster, Bleiweisspflaster. 
 The G. P. gives the following formula: 
 
 Lead Plaster, 60 parts. 
 
 Common Olive Oil 10 parts. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 35 parts. 
 
 Melt the Lead Plaster and Olive Oil together and add the 
 Carbonate of Lead ; boil the mixture, stirring frequently, and 
 occasionally adding a little water until it is reduced to the 
 consistence of plaster. 
 
 818. Emplastrum Ferri. 
 
 Iron Plaster, Strengthening Plaster, U. S., Chalybeate 
 Plaster, Br. 
 
 The U. S., 1880, formula is: 
 
 Hydrated Oxide of Iron, dried at a tem- 
 perature not exceeding 8o° C. ( 1 76 F.) . i ounce. 
 
 Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir) 1 ounce. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 1 ounce. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 7 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Lead Plaster, Balsam, and Pitch by means of a 
 water-bath, then add the Oxide of Iron and stir continually 
 until the mixture thickens on cooling. 
 
 The Br. formula is Peroxide of Iron, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 Burgundy Pitch 2 ounces, Lead Plaster 8 ounces. 
 
386 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 819. Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum. 
 
 Universal Plaster, Mutterpfiastcr. 
 
 The G. P. contains the formula for this Plaster, more famil- 
 iarly known in this country as black plaster : 
 
 Oxide of Lead, in fine powder, .... 30 parts. 
 
 Common Olive Oil, 60 parts. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 15 parts. 
 
 Camphor 1 part. 
 
 Boil the Oxide of Lead and Olive Oil together, constantly 
 stirring until the mass has acquired a blackish-brown color, 
 then add the Yellow Wax, and then, while cooling, the Cam- 
 phor previously triturated with a little Olive Oil. 
 
 820. Emplastrum Galbani. 
 
 Galbanum Plaster. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Galbanum, 8 ounces. 
 
 Turpentine (Gum Thus.), 1 ounce. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 3 ounces. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 38 ounces. 
 
 To the Galbanum and Turpentine, previously melted together 
 and strained, add, first the Burgundy Pitch and then the Lead 
 Plaster, melted over a gentle fire, and mix the whole together. 
 
 The Br. formula is Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Yellow Wax 
 of each 1 ounce, Lead Plaster 8 ounces. 
 
 821. Emplastrum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Mercurial Plaster. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Mercury, by weight, 3 ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil, by weight, 1 ounce. 
 
 Resin, by weight, 1 ounce. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 5 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Oil and Resin together, and, when they have 
 become cool, rub the Mercury with it until extinguished; then 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 387 
 
 gradually add the Lead Plaster, previously melted, and mix 
 the whole thoroughly together. 
 
 The Br. formula is Mercury 3 ounces, Olive Oil 56 grains, 
 Sublimed Sulphur 8 grains, Lead Plaster 6 ounces. It is made 
 in a similar manner. 
 
 The German formula resembles the U. S., but directs Tur- 
 pentine (Gum Thus) instead of Resin. 
 
 822. Emplastrum Ichthyocollae. 
 
 Isinglass Plaster, Court Plaster. 
 
 This is made by dissolving 10 parts of Isinglass in enough 
 hot water to make 120 parts ; one half of this solution is then 
 spread in successive layers with a brush upon taffeta stretched 
 on a level surface. The remainder of the solution is then 
 mixed with 40 parts of Alcohol and 1 part of Glycerin, and the 
 taffeta is again varnished with the solution as before. To 
 make water-proof, varnish the back side of the taffeta with 
 Tincture Benzoin. 
 
 This method of preparing Court Plaster is similar to that 
 used by manufacturers, except that the fresh fish-sounds are 
 generally used for making the solution and that the taffeta is 
 usually brushed over with the solution a great many times. 
 Some manufacturers have machinery by which the solution 
 can be more evenly spread. Court Plaster is made in various 
 colors by coloring the solutions. It is also made on silk, thin 
 muslin, and paper. For the retail trade it is put up in small 
 packages containing different colored sheets, and sold as Court 
 Plaster. For physicians' use it is furnished in yard rolls. 
 
 823. Emplastrum Opii. 
 
 Opium Plaster. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Extract of Opium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 3 ounces. 
 
 Lead Plaster \2 2 / l ounces. 
 
 Water, 1^ ounces. 
 
 Rub the Extract of ( )pium with the Water until uniformly 
 soft, and add to it the Pitch and Lead Plaster, melted together 
 
388 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 by means of a water-bath ; then continue the heat for a short 
 time, stirring constantly, until the moisture is evaporated. 
 
 The Br. formula is: Opium in finest powder i ounce or i 
 part, Resin Plaster 9 ounces or 9 parts ; melt the Plaster by 
 means of a water-bath, then add the Opium by degrees and 
 mix thoroughly. 
 
 824. Emplastrum Picis. 
 
 Pitch Plaster. 
 
 The Br. P. gives the following formula. There is no corre- 
 sponding U. S. formula : 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 26 ounces or parts. 
 
 Common Frankincense, . . . 13 ounces or parts. 
 
 Resin, 4^2 ounces or parts. 
 
 Yellow Wax 4^ ounces or parts. 
 
 Expressed Oil of Nutmeg. . 1 ounce or part. 
 
 Olive Oil, 2 ounces or parts. 
 
 Water, 2 ounces or parts. 
 
 Add the Oils and Water to the Frankincense, Burgundy 
 Pitch, Resin, and Wax, previously melted together ; then, con- 
 stantly stirring, evaporate to a proper consistence. 
 
 825. Emplastrum Picis Burgundicae. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch Plaster. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 90 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Melt them together, strain the mixture and stir constantly 
 until it thickens on cooling. 
 
 826. Emplastrum Picis Canadensis. 
 
 Canada Pitch Plaster, Hemlock Pitch Plaster. 
 
 Canada Pitch (Hemlock Gum), 90 parts or 9 ounces. 
 Yellow Wax 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Melt them together, strain the mixture and stir constantly 
 until it thickens on cooling. 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 389 
 
 827. Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide. 
 
 Pitch Plaster, with Cantharides — Warming Plaster. 
 {Emplastrum Calefaciens, Br.) 
 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, .... 92 parts or nj4 ounces. 
 Cerate of Cantharides, . . 8 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Heat the Cerate as nearly as possible to ioo° C. (21 2° F.) 
 on a water-bath, and, having continued the heat for 15 min- 
 utes, strain it through a close strainer which will retain the 
 Cantharides. To the strained liquid add the Pitch, melt them 
 together by means of a water-bath, and, having removed the 
 heat, stir the mixture constantly until it thickens. 
 
 The Br. formula directs an infusion of Cantharides 1 part in 
 5 parts of boiling water for six hours, then strain and press 
 through a calico strainer and evaporate the liquid until it is 
 reduced to % part. Expressed Oil of Nutmeg, Yellow Wax, 
 and Resin each 1 part, Resin Plaster 13 parts, Soap Plaster 8 
 parts, are then melted together with the Extract of Cantha- 
 rides, and well stirred until the whole is thoroughly mixed. 
 
 828. Emplastrum Plumbi. 
 
 Lead Plaster, Diachylon Plaster, Litharge Plaster. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Oxide of Lead (Litharge), in very fine 
 
 powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil, by weight, 15 ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Rul) the Oxide of Lead with about one half the Olive Oil 
 and add the mixture to the remainder of the Oil, contained in 
 ;i suitable vessel of a capacity equal to three times the bulk 
 of the' ingredients ; then add about 4 ounces of boiling Water 
 and boil the whole together until a homogeneous plaster is 
 formed, adding from time to time during the process a little 
 
 Water as that first added is evaporated. 
 
890 K.MPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 The Br. formula directs 5 ounces of Oxide of Lead, 10 
 ounces of Olive Oil, and 5 ounces of Water, to be boiled 
 together by the heat of a steam bath for four or five hours, 
 stirring constantly until the product acquires a proper con- 
 sistence for a plaster, adding more Water during the process if 
 necessary. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs equal parts of common 
 Olive Oil, Lard and Oxide of Lead to be boiled together with 
 Water in the same manner as above directed. It is called 
 Emplastrum Lithargyri in the G. P. 
 
 Lead Plaster is the basis of most of the official plasters. 
 The British formula makes the best product. 
 
 The Compound Lead Plaster {Emplastrum Lithargyri Com- 
 position) of the German Pharmacopoeia is nearly identical with 
 the Galbanum Plaster of the Br. P. 
 
 829. Emplastrum Plumbi Iodidi. 
 
 Iodide of Lead Plaster. 
 This is official in the Br. P., as follows : 
 
 Iodide of Lead, 2 ounces or 1 part. 
 
 Lead Plaster 16 ounces or 8 parts. 
 
 Resin, 2 ounces or 1 part. 
 
 Add the Iodide of Lead, in fine powder, to the Plaster and 
 Resin, previously melted at as low a temperature as possible, 
 and mix them intimately. 
 
 830. Emplastrum Resinae. 
 
 Resin Piaster, Adhesive Plaster. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Resin, in fine powder, ... 14 parts or /£ ounce. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 80 parts or 5 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax 6 parts or ->8 ounce. 
 
 To the Lead Plaster and Wax, melted together over a gen- 
 tle fire, add the Resin and mix them. 
 
 The Br. formula is Resin 4 ounces or 2 parts, Lead Plaster 
 2 pounds (av.) or 16 parts. Curd Soap 2 ounces or 1 part. To 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 391 
 
 the Lead Plaster, previously melted at a low temperature, add 
 the Resin and Soap, first liquefied, and stir them until they 
 are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 This is the "Adhesive Plaster," which, when spread, is used 
 so extensively in surgery. Druggists are familiar with the 
 spread plaster but are little acquainted with the plaster mass. 
 
 831. Emplastrum Saponis. 
 
 Soap Plaster. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Soap, dried and in fine powder, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 90 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 Water sufficient. 
 
 Rub the Soap with Water until brought to a semi-liquid 
 state, then mix it with the Lead Plaster, previously melted, 
 and evaporate to the proper consistence. 
 
 The Br. formula is Curd Soap 6 ounces, Lead Plaster 2^ 
 pounds av., Resin 1 ounce. To the Lead Plaster, melted at a 
 low temperature, add the Soap and the Resin, first liquefied ; 
 then, constantly stirring, evaporate to a proper consistence. 
 
 The German formula is Lead Plaster 70 parts, Yellow Wax 
 10 parts, melted together, and to the partially cooled mass add 
 medicinal Soap, powdered, 5 parts, and Camphor, rubbed with 
 a little Olive Oil, I part. 
 
 832. Emplastrum Saponis Fuscum. 
 
 Brown Soap Plaster. 
 
 I in Mr. formula directs : 
 
 Curd Soap, in powder. ... 10 parts or ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax 12 parts or ounces. 
 
 ( Hive ( )il 20 II. parts or ll. ounces. 
 
 Oxide of Lead 15 parts or ounces. 
 
 Vinegar 160 fl. parts or ounces. 
 
 Boil the Vinegar and Oxide of Lead together by the heat 
 of a steam bath, Constantly stirring them, until the Oxide has 
 
392 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 
 
 combined with the Acid ; then add the Soap and boil again 
 until most of the moisture is evaporated ; finally, add the 
 Wax and Oil, melted together, and stir the whole continuously, 
 maintaining the heat until, by evaporation of the remaining 
 moisture, the product has acquired the proper consistence for 
 a plaster. 
 
 Other Plasters. 
 
 The official Plasters for which formulae have been given 
 embrace most that are used to any extent in pharmacy; but 
 a few others deserve attention, and are therefore mentioned 
 here : 
 
 833. Aconite Plaster. — This Plaster was formerly official in the U. S. P. 
 It is made by exhausting 16 ounces of Aconite Root with Alcohol, evapor- 
 ating to a soft extract and adding to it sufficient Resin Plaster, previously 
 melted, to make 16 ounces. 
 
 834. Antimonial Plaster. — This is best prepared extemporaneously by 
 sprinkling Tartar Emetic in very fine powder on the surface of common 
 Adhesive Plaster or any kind of spread plasters. It is used as a counter- 
 irritant. 
 
 835. Camphor Plaster.— For extemporaneous work Camphor in fine 
 powder may be applied to the warmed surface of adhesive or other spread 
 plaster. Several plasters containing Camphor are official. 
 
 836. Cancer Plaster.— Several Plasters are furnished for the purpose of 
 removing Cancers. The one to which the greatest success is attributed is 
 used by some of the most noted cancer doctors. Sheep-sorrel is gathered 
 green and pounded to a pulp, the juice is expressed and dried on pewter 
 plates to an extract ; this is then used as it is as a plaster, or combined with 
 some sort of adhesive salve and applied. Another Cancer Plaster is made 
 with Extract of Hemlock 1 drachm, Arsenious Acid in very fine powder 30 
 grains, Wax Plaster 1 ounce. 
 
 Many other Cancer Plasters are used, most of them consisting of Arsenic 
 combined with other substances. 
 
 837. Corn Plaster.— A great variety of Corn Plasters are found in the 
 market, the most popular being made of Felt coated with Adhesive Plaster, 
 and a hole punched in the centre to relieve the pressure from the corn. 
 These are not in any way medicinal, but simply remove the pressure from 
 the corn. 
 
 To apply to corns in the form of a plaster, the following will be found 
 effective : Salicylic Acid 60 grains, Beeswax 6 drachms, Venice Turpentine 
 
EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 393 
 
 2 drachms, Verdigris, in fine powder, 60 grains. Melt the Wax, add the 
 Venice Turpentine, and mix in the other ingredients. 
 
 838. Croton-Oil Plaster. — The most common way of making a Croton- 
 Oil Plaster is to rub a few drops of Croton-Oil over the surface of Adhesive 
 or any spread plaster. It can also be made by melting Lead Plaster and 
 adding 1 part of Croton-Oil to 6 parts of the plaster. 
 
 839. Elemi Plaster. — Wax Plaster 3 parts, Gum Elemi 1 part, melted 
 together. This is also called Issue Plaster. 
 
 840. Euphorbium Plaster. — Burgundy Pitch Plaster 8 ounces, melted 
 and mixed with Euphorbium in fine powder 1 drachm. Capuchin Plaster 
 is sometimes furnished by the name of Euphorbium Plaster. It is made of 
 Burgundy Pitch and Beeswax each 3 ounces, Venice Turpentine 1 ounce, 
 melted together and then added to the mass Gum Ammoniacum, Olibanum, 
 Mastich and Calamine, each 1 ounce. Euphorbium, Pyrethrum (pellitory) and 
 Common Salt, all in fine powder, each 2 ounces. The whole is then well 
 mixed together. 
 
 841. Extract Plasters.— A great variety of plasters may be made by 
 mixing solid extracts of drugs with Burgundy Pitch Plaster, Resin Plaster, 
 Lead Plaster, or other combined plasters. The plaster is first melted and 
 the extract incorporated. The proportion is generally 1 part of extract to 9 
 parts of plaster. 
 
 842. Issue Plaster. — Beeswax 8 parts, Burgundy Pitch and Chian Tur- 
 pentine, each 4 parts, Vermilion and Orris Root each 1 part. Many other 
 stimulating plasters are used as Issue Plasters. 
 
 843. Mustard Plaster.— This is always made extemporaneously by mixing 
 powdered Mustard to a stiff paste with warm water or vinegar. It is usually 
 diluted with 3 or 4 parts of Corn-meal. 
 
 Ginger Plaster may be made in the same way. Spread Mustard Plasters 
 are prepared mustard spread upon paper. The formulae will be found under 
 Charter Sinap/s (407). 
 
 844. Poor Man's Plaster.— This is another name for Pitch Plaster, which 
 is conveniently made by melting together Beeswax 1 ounce, Resin 3 ounces. 
 Tar 3 ounces, and spreading upon paper or cloth. 
 
 845. Quinine Plaster.— Quinine may be mixed with Adhesive, Wax 
 or Lead Plaster, or any compound plasters, when melted, in the propor- 
 tion of 1 part to 10, or any other proportion desired. Other alkaloids or their 
 salts may also be combined in the same way. 
 
 846. Sticking Plaster or Sticking Salve.— A great variety of Sticking 
 Salves or Plasters are found in the market, most of them being made of Bur- 
 gundy Pitch combined with various ingredients and sold under various 
 names. The following formula makes a first-class " Sticking Salve": 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 6 parts, Resin 4 parts, Turpentine Gum 2 parts, Canada 
 Balsam 1 part, Yellow Wax 2 parts, Venice Turpentine 1 part. Melt them 
 
394 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 together. This may be colored green with Bayberry Wax 2 parts. It. is put 
 up in small round sticks and sold by various names. 
 
 847. Verdigris Plaster. — Beeswax 4 parts, Burgundy Pitch 2 parts, 
 melted together, and, while liquid, Venice Turpentine 1 part and powdered 
 Verdigris 1 part added and stirred while cooling. 
 
 848. Wax Plaster or Simple Plaster.— Beeswax 3 parts, Yellow Resin 
 2 parts, Suet (fresh tallow) 2 parts, melted together and stirred while cooling. 
 
 849. Zinco-Lead Plaster.— Beeswax 8 ounces, Olive Oil 3 ounces, Black 
 Lead 3 ounces, Carbonate of Lead 2 ounces, Calamine 1 ]/> ounce, Olibanum 
 }i ounce. Melt and mix together to make a plaster. 
 
 The foregoing are all the Plasters for which formuke are generally needed ; 
 but many other combinations are made, and may occasionally be called for. 
 The judgment of the druggist will generally enable him to prepare any com- 
 bination that may be wanted. 
 
 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 Emulsions are preparations in which an oil, liquid resin r 
 balsam, or other fluid fatty matter is made to combine with 
 water or aqueous solutions by means of some substance which 
 combines with it to form a homogenous mixture in which the 
 globules of oil or other substance are so broken up or divided 
 as to be invisible except by a microscope. To fulfill the 
 required conditions, an Emulsion must be of a uniform con- 
 sistence, permanent without separation, miscible in all pro- 
 portions with water, syrup or aqueous liquids, and sufficiently 
 fluid to be poured readily from a bottle. To make such an 
 Emulsion it is necessary to use the proper emulsifying ingre- 
 dients in the proper proportions and to combine them in the 
 proper manner, all of which requires an understanding of the 
 method of making emulsions and care in preparing them. 
 
 In medicine Emulsions are employed to render many nau- 
 seating medicines palatable, and by minutely dividing the 
 globules of oil, etc., fitting them for digestion and assimila- 
 tion. They are mainly employed as nutritive food in debil- 
 itated conditions. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 395 
 
 Emulsificatioti is the process of making emulsions, which 
 may be briefly described as follows : 
 
 850. General Directions for Preparing Emul- 
 sions. 
 
 To prepare Emulsions in a small way, choose a shallow- 
 shaped mortar that will hold double the quantity of the Emul- 
 sion desired to be made, and a pestle with a large flattened 
 head. See that the mortar and pestle are perfectly dry, then 
 put the powdered Gum Arabic in the mortar, and gradually 
 add the water, rubbing it to a smooth paste: or if Acacia 
 Mucilage Syrup is used, rub it with the pestle around the sides 
 of the mortar. Then begin to add the Oil by pouring it very 
 slowly from a bottle into the centre of the Gum Solution, 
 constantly rubbing it with the pestie with a circular motion 
 around the sides of the mortar. This will form a thick pasty 
 mass, which should get thicker as more Oil is added. If the 
 Oil does not combine as rapidly as added, stop pouring for a 
 moment and work the mass with the pestle until it is homo- 
 geneous. The Oil should be more slowly added as the process 
 proceeds, and care must be used to maintain a coating of the 
 pasty mass on the sides of the mortar and on the pestle, the 
 Oil being broken up and emulsified between the two clinging 
 surfaces thus presented. When all the Oil is added, the mass 
 should be white and of a thick, pasty consistence, having no 
 globules of Oil visible. The Flavoring Oils should then be 
 added, the Glycerin or Syrup incorporated with the mass by 
 rubbing them together, and then the water, to which is added 
 any salts or solutions that are directed to be incorporated, 
 should be gradually added and thoroughly rubbed with the 
 pasty mass to complete the Emulsion. 
 
 If any insoluble salts or other insoluble substances are to be 
 added, they should be reduced to a very fine powder and 
 nibbed with the Emulsion when completed. 
 
 In making Emulsions it frequently happens that the Oil is 
 added too fast to emulsify, or that the sides of the mortar be- 
 come "greased" and will not "cling" to the Oil and break up 
 its globules. It is then necessary to start the Emulsion over 
 
396 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 again in a clean dry mortar, with a small quantity of fresh 
 Mucilage Syrup, and work in the "cracked" Emulsion in the 
 mortar in the same manner as at first. The clinging surfaces 
 must be maintained or the Emulsion cannot be made. 
 
 On a large scale Emulsions are best made in revolving churns 
 or other apparatus by which the Oil and Mucilage may be 
 thoroughly agitated. The Mucilage sufficient for the whole 
 batch is first put in the churn and the inside thoroughly cov- 
 ered, the Oil is then added in portions and the mixture well 
 agitated after each portion is added. 
 
 The Mucilage or Mucilage Syrup which is used for emulsi- 
 fying must be sweet and fresh, and of a uniform consistence 
 without lumps. 
 
 851. Acacia Mucilage Syrup. 
 
 For making Emulsions it is most convenient to have a Mucil- 
 age Syrup prepared and ready, for when made by rubbing 
 powdered Gum Arabic with Water considerable delay is expe- 
 rienced and the results are not always satisfactory. We have, 
 therefore, found it desirable to have the following syrup pre- 
 pared for this purpose : 
 
 Best Gum Arabic, granulated, ... 6 ounces av. 
 
 Albumen, (white of egg,) 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Boric Acid, 30 grains. 
 
 Rub the Boric Acid to a very fine powder, and dissolve by 
 rubbing with the Glycerin. Mix the solution with the Albu- 
 men in a wide-mouth bottle or jar, add the Gum Arabic, and 
 stir several times a day with a stick from the bottom, until 
 the Gum is entirely dissolved, strain, if necessary, stop tight, 
 and put away in a cool place. 
 
 This requires two or three days to make, as heat cannot be used 
 to effect the solution. It should be kept on hand, but it may 
 be quickly made by using powdered Gum Arabic and rubbing 
 with the Glycerin, etc., in a mortar. 
 
 This is used as the emulsifying agent instead of Gum Arabic 
 alone, as it is more effective. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 397 
 
 852. Stronger Lime Water. 
 
 Lime, in lump, selected, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Water 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Slack the Lime by pouring upon it half an ounce of hot 
 water, and allowing to stand until it is reduced to a powder, 
 add the Water and Sugar, allow to stand, and filter. 
 
 This is sometimes used in making preparations of Cod Liver 
 Oil that are sold as emulsions, although it does not make a 
 true Emulsion, but rather saponifies the Oil, the Hydrate of 
 Calcium uniting with the oleic acid of the Oil. 
 
 853. Emulsion Castor Oil. 
 
 Taste/ess Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Castor Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Syrup, and add the Water as directed 
 (850). The efficacy of Castor Oil as thus prepared is very 
 much increased, and it is not unpleasant to take. The dose 
 is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful in milk or plain. It 
 contains 50 per cent, of Oil. 
 
 854. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Tasteless Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Hitter Almonds IO drops. 
 
 ( )il Wintergreen 5 drops. 
 
 Water 3 flounces. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Syrup and add the Water as directed 
 
 (850'. This Emulsion'contains 50 percent, of ( )il, and is very 
 
398 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 palatable if made from good Oil. The dose is a dessertspoon- 
 ful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary gives the following: 
 
 855. Emulsio Olei Morrhuse Fortior. 
 
 Stronger Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil 16 rl. ounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make 28 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the Acacia and Sugar with the Cod Liver Oil in a dry mortar, and add 
 8 fl.ounces of Water, then triturate thoroughly and continuously until the Oil 
 is emulsified, and finally incorporate enough Water to make the product 
 measure 28 fl.ounces. The Common Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil is made by 
 mixing 14 fl.ounces of the Stronger Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, 15 minims 
 each Oil of Sassafras and Wintergreen, Water enough to make 16 fl.ounces. 
 This makes a 50 per cent. Emulsion. Unless this Emulsion is very skillfully 
 made it will soon separate, and it will soon ferment in warm weather. It is 
 therefore good only for immediate use. 
 
 856. Cod Liver Oil with Lime. 
 
 This is not a true Emulsion, but has every appearance of 
 one, and is much sold both as plain Emulsion of Cod Liver 
 Oil and as Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Lime. It is very 
 conveniently made and gives good satisfaction, but thickens 
 after a time, and is therefore not desirable to put upon the 
 market. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Stronger Lime Water, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 5 drops. 
 
 This may be mixed simply by shaking together violently in 
 a bottle. It is a valuable preparation whenever Lime is indi- 
 cated in connection with Cod Liver Oil. The dose is a des- 
 sertspoonful or more. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 399 
 
 857. Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypo- 
 
 phosphites of Lime and Soda. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, . . . ... . 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, . . . . 64 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, .... 64 grains. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, dissolve the salts, 
 first reduced to a fine powder, in the Water, and add as directed 
 (850). 
 
 A dessertspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains 1 grain 
 each of the Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda and 50 per 
 cent, of Oil. 
 
 This has been a very popular preparation, extensively sold 
 as a proprietary remedy, and much prescribed in all parts of 
 the country. 
 
 Quite a number of combinations of this Emulsion with 
 other preparations are found in the market, but they may be 
 made generally as required by adding the desired ingredients. 
 
 858. Cod Liver Oil with Iodine. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Compound Solution of Iodine, . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, add the Solution of 
 Iodine and Water as directed (850). 
 
 A dessertspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains % grain 
 Iodine, 73 grain Iodide of Potassium, and 50 per cent. Cod 
 Liver Oil. There is also a preparation called Iodized or 
 lodinized Cod Liver Oil, which is a solution of Iodine in Cod 
 Liver Oil, not an Emulsion. It is noticed under Proprietary 
 Medicines. 
 
40() EMULSIONES — EMULSN >NS. 
 
 859. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil, Iodo-Ferrated. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron 128 grains. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds 10 minims. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 5 minims. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, dissolve the Iodide 
 of Iron in the Water, and add the solution as directed (850). 
 
 A teaspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains 2 grains 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron and 50 per cent, of Cod Liver Oil. 
 There is also a preparation called Iodo-Ferrated Cod Liver 
 Oil, which is not an Emulsion. See Proprietary Medicines. 
 
 860. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Iodide of 
 
 Potassium. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil Emulsion (854), ... 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodide in the Water and mix with the Emul- 
 sion. 
 
 A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 4 grains of 
 Iodide of Potassium combined with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 861. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Iron. 
 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil, Ferrated. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil may be combined with an)' of the soluble 
 salts of Iron, as the Phosphate, Pyrophosphate, Citrate, etc., 
 and also with solutions of Iron, as Dialysed Iron, etc. The 
 following formula may be used : 
 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales, 1880 (or any 
 
 other soluble salt of Iron), . . . .128 grains. 
 
 Water, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), .... 1 pint. 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, and 
 add the solution to the Emulsion, rubbing them well together. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 401 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of the Iron salt and 50 
 per cent, of Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 862. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto- 
 phosphate of Iron. 
 
 Solution Lacto-phosphate of Iron, . . ^ fl. ounce. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 
 A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Lacto-phosphate of Iron 
 combined with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 863. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto-phos- 
 phate of Lime. 
 
 Solution Lacto-phosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains 
 Lacto-phosphate of Lime with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 This may also be made by rubbing 128 grains of Precipitated 
 Lacto-phosphate of Lime with a pint of the Emulsion of Cod 
 Liver Oil. 
 
 864. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto- 
 phospfiates Compound. 
 
 Solution Lacto-phosphate of Iron, . . y 2 fl. ounce. 
 Solution Lacto-phosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 14^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the solutions with the Emulsion. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Lacto-phosphate of Iron 
 and 2 grains Lacto-phosphate of Lime. 
 
 This may also be made by rubbing 64 grains Lacto-phos- 
 phate of Iron and 128 grains Lacto-phosphate of Calcium with 
 a pint of Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
40-2 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 865. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate 
 
 of Lime. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium, ... 1 fi. ounce. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 15 fi. ounces. 
 
 Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains Phos- 
 phate of Lime with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 This may also be made by rubbing 256 grains Precipitated 
 Phosphate of Lime with a pint of Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 866. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphates 
 
 Compound. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil with Cliemical Food. 
 
 Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 
 A dessertspoonful contains about 3^ grains of Mineral 
 Phosphates with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 867. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate 
 
 of Lime and Wild Cherry. 
 
 Fluid Extract Wild Cherry, .... 2 fi. ounces. 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil and Phosphate 
 
 of Lime, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 
 
 868. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 
 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin first with a small portion of the Emulsion, 
 and then with the remainder, and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of Pepsin combined 
 with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 

 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 403 
 
 869. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pepsin 
 
 and Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 64 grains. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 
 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Quinine and Pepsin together to a fine powder, then 
 with a small portion of the Emulsion, and then with the 
 remainder until thoroughly mixed. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Quinine, 2 grains Pepsin, 
 and 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 870. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil Peptonized. 
 
 Peptonized Cod Liver Oil and Milk. 
 
 Condensed Milk, 2 ounces. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Hitter Almonds, 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Condensed Milk with the Saccharated Pepsin and 
 1 fl. ounce of Water, and allow them to stand for 6 hours, then 
 add the Mucilage Syrup, and rub the Oils with the mixture 
 to make an Emulsion ; finally, add the Water as directed (850). 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Many combinations may be made by mixing this with other 
 preparations, solutions, salts, etc. 
 
 871. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pancreatine. 
 
 Pancreatine, in powder 128 grains. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 3 (Pounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 I )il Wintergreen, 10 minims. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 minims. 
 
404 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 Mix the Pancreatin with the Water and Glycerin, and let 
 stand for 6 hours, then add the Acacia Mucilage Syrup, and 
 rub the Oils with the mixture to make an Emulsion. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains Pancreatine, with 50 per 
 cent. Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 872. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pancrea- 
 
 tine and Pepsin. 
 
 Pepsin, saccharated, 128 grains. 
 
 Emulsion Cod Liver Oil and Pancreatine, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin first with a portion of the Emulsion, then 
 add the remainder. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains each of Pepsin and 
 Pancreatine with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 873. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, ... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oil with the Mucilage Syrup, and add the Fluid 
 Extract. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains y 2 drachm Fluid Extract Wild 
 Cherry with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 874. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Yolk of 
 
 Egg, Cod Liver Oil and Glyconin. 
 
 A kind of Emulsion is made with the Yolks of Eggs by- 
 shaking them with Cod Liver Oil and other ingredients : 
 
 The Yolks of Eggs, 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Phosphoric Acid, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sherry Wine, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Old Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 405 
 
 Beat the Yolks of Eggs and Glycerin together, then add 
 the Oils gradually, shaking them well together after adding 
 each portion. Lastly, add the Acid and Wine, and mix them 
 well together. The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful. 
 
 A preparation made like this, but containing only half 
 the quantity of Oil is known and prescribed as " Hospital 
 Emulsion." 
 
 875. Cod Liver Oil Mixture with Hypophos- 
 phites. 
 
 The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 
 
 white and yolk, about 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 
 
 Hypophosphorous Acid, diluted (34), . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, . 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Beat the Eggs with the Oils and add the Syrup and Acid. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2^ grains mixed Hypophos- 
 phites and 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. Wine or Brandy may 
 be added to this mixture if desired. 
 
 876. Cod Liver Oil Mixture with Phosphates. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil with Chemical Food. 
 
 The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 
 
 white and yolk, about . . . . . 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Phosphoric Acid, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup Phosphates Compound, ... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 
 
 Beat the Eggs with the Oils and add the Syrup and Acid. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains nearly 2 grains mixed Phos- 
 phates with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. This may be mixed 
 with Wine or Brandy if desired. 
 
406 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 877. Phosphorated Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 
 
 white and yolk, about 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, diluted 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sherry Wine 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 5 drops. 
 
 Beat the Eggs with the Oils, and add the Syrup, Wine and 
 Acid. Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 878. Cod Liver Oil with Extract of Malt. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Extract of Malt, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 minims. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Extract of Malt as directed for 
 making Emulsions. The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful, 
 containing 50 per cent, each, Cod Liver Oil and Malt Extract. 
 
 Extract of Malt makes a semi-solid palatable mixture with 
 Cod Liver Oil, and is an excellent combination for debilitated 
 conditions and wasting diseases. 
 
 A great variety of combinations of Cod Liver Oil with Ex- 
 tract of Malt may be advantageously made, but it is unneces- 
 sary to give formulas for them, as they may be made by adding 
 powders, Pepsin, Pancreatine, etc., or solutions, as Phosphate 
 of Calcium, Phosphates Compound, etc., or other substances 
 as may be desired. 
 
 879. Emulsion Copaiba. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Balsam Copaiba, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 20 drops. 
 
EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 407 
 
 Rub the Oil and Balsam with the Mucilage Syrup, and add 
 the Syrup and Water, as directed for making Emulsions. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Balsam Copaiba. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 880. Emulsion Olive Oil. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, ..... 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Best Olive Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen, 20 minims. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup and add the Water 
 as directed (850). Dose, a dessertspoonful containing 50 per 
 cent, of Oil. 
 
 881. Emulsion Turpentine. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 
 
 Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, and add the Syrup 
 and Water as directed (850J. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Oil of Turpentine. The 
 dose is half to a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 882. Emulsion Canada Turpentine. 
 
 Emulsion Balsam Fir. 
 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Canada Balsam, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 
 
 Rub the Oil and Balsam with the Mucilage Syrup, and add 
 the Syrup and Water as directed (850). 
 A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Canada Balsam. 
 
408 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 
 
 Other Emulsions. 
 
 A variety of other Emulsions may be made from fixed and 
 volatile Oils, Balsams, Gums, Resins, Extracts, etc., in the 
 same manner as the foregoing. A few sample formulas are 
 given : 
 
 883. Emulsion of Almonds— Milk of Almonds. — Blanched Almonds, 1 
 ounce aw, beat to a pulp, with water gradually added sufficient to make 10 
 fl. ounces, and strained through gauze or cheese cloth. 
 
 This may also be made with Oil of Almonds 3 fl. drachms, Acacia Mucilage 
 Syrup 10 fl. drachms, Rose Water 1 fl. ounce, Distilled Water 3 fl. ounces. 
 Rub the Oil with the Mucilage, then add the other ingredients. 
 
 884. Emulsion Asafetida. — Asafetida 1 ounce, Oil of Almonds 3 fl. ounces, 
 Acacia Mucilage Syrup 4 fl. ounces, Water 3 fl. ounces. Warm the Asafetida 
 with the Oil, and rub in a mortar until uniformly mixed, then rub with the 
 Mucilage Syrup, and add the Water. This may be flavored with Peppermint 
 if desired. Many other Gums or Gum Resins may be made into Emulsions 
 in the same manner. 
 
 885. Emulsion Balsam Peru. — Balsam Peru 2 ounces, Acacia Mucilage 
 Syrup 4 fl. ounces, Syrup 6 flounces, Water 4 fl. ounces. Rub the Balsam 
 with the Mucilage Syrup, add the Syrup and Water. Emulsions of other 
 liquid Balsams and Oleo-resins may be made in the same manner. 
 
 886. Emulsion of Wax. — White Wax 1 ounce, Acacia Mucilage Syrup 
 4 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Melt the Wax, and having warmed the Mucil- 
 age Syrup to about i4o°F., rub the melted Wax with it in a mortar, and 
 gradually add the Water, warmed to about ioo°F., rubbing them well together 
 until cold. Emulsions of other waxes, Spermaceti, etc., may be made in the 
 same manner. 
 
 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING 
 EXTRACTS. 
 
 The term Essoicc is applied in a general way to the import- 
 ant or essential part or portion of plants or other substances, 
 and in -pharmacy to a class of preparations made from or pos- 
 sessing the essential principles of substances, such as Essential 
 Oils or their solutions in alcohol, Ethers used as artificial 
 flavors, Fluid Extracts or Tinctures of odorous substances 
 used for flavoring or in perfumery, etc., etc. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 409 
 
 In the U. S. P. there is no mention of essences, but in the 
 Br. P. Essence of Anise and Essence of Peppermint are 
 assigned a place, being very much stronger solutions of the 
 Essential Oils than the " Spirits" of the same. Many of the 
 preparations which are commonly known as essences are found 
 in the Spirits of the U. S. and other pharmacopoeias, and 
 others are found among the Ethers, Fluid Extracts, Tinc- 
 tures, etc. 
 
 It is intended in this work to class under this heading only 
 such preparations as are known as Essences and Flavoring 
 Extracts — the esprits and essences used in perfumery being 
 classed under perfumes. 
 
 The preparations included under this classification are natu- 
 rally divided into several departments, as solutions of Essential 
 Oils or Essences proper, many of which are also known as Ex- 
 tracts, Extracts of odorous substances used for flavoring, etc., 
 Soluble Extracts or Essences used for flavoring beverages, 
 Artificial Fruit, Essences or Flavors, and miscellaneous essences 
 and extracts that cannot well be classified under any of these 
 heading's. 
 
 Concentrated Essences or Extracts. 
 
 Solutions of Essential Oils. 
 
 The Solutions of Essential Oils in Spirits have been famil- 
 iarly known from time immemorial as " Essences," and the 
 characteristic "Yankee Essence Peddler" is not even now 
 entirely extinct in the rural districts. 
 
 No uniform standard of strength has ever been adopted for 
 Essences, but the general practice of Pharmacists in this coun- 
 try is to use i ounce of the Oil in a pint of Alcohol for all the 
 more common ones, but Peddlers' Essence is made much 
 weaker as a rule. 
 
 It is needless to remark that only the best quality of oils and 
 good cologne spirit or alcohol should be used in making all 
 these preparations. Many of them are used for flavoring soda 
 water syrups, and are known as "Concentrated Extracts." 
 Others are extensively used for flavoring confectioner)-, ice 
 
410 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 cream, and for culinary use, and some are well known domestic 
 remedies. 
 
 890. Anise Essence. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. The Essence of Anise of the Br. P. contains 20 per cent, of the 
 Oil. which is double the strength of the U. S. Spirit of Anise; both are 
 stronger than is generally sold as Essence of Anise. 
 
 891. Bay Essence. 
 
 Oil of Bay Leaves, 4 fi drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. This is used for flavoring soups, etc., in place of the leaves. A 
 soluble Essence of Bay for making Bay Rum may be made by dissolving 4 
 fl. drachms Oil of Bay in 6 ounces Cologne Spirit, rubbing 6 drachms of Car- 
 bonate of Magnesium with 8 ounces of Water, adding the mixture to the 
 solution, and filtering. 
 
 892. Bergamot Essence. 
 
 Oil of Bergamot 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and filter. This Essence is considerably called for as a scent for hair 
 preparations, etc. 
 
 893. Bitter Almond Essence. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. This is sold as the Concentrated Essence or Extract of Bitter 
 Almond. A good ordinary Essence may be made by dissolving 1*4. fl. drachm 
 of Oil Bitter Almond in 8 fl.ounces of Alcohol and adding 8 fl.ounces of 
 Water. 
 
 894. Calamus or Sweet Flag Essence. 
 
 Oil of Calamus, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring confectionery, etc., and in making Bitters, etc. 
 An extract may also be made by macerating 4 ounces av. of powdered Cala- 
 mus in a pint of Alcohol. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 411 
 
 895. Caraway Essence. 
 
 Oil of Caraway Seed . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring confectionery, pastry, etc. 
 
 896. Cardamom Essence. 
 
 Oil of Cardamom Seed 4 fl .drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring, etc. The Oil of Cardamom is quite expen- 
 sive, but of fine flavor. An extract may also be made by macerating 4 
 ounces of powdered Cardamom Seed in a pint of Alcohol. 
 
 897. Cassia or Cinnamon Essence. 
 
 Oil of Cassia 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Cinnamon contains 10 per cent, of the Oil ; 
 the Br. contains but 2 per cent. 
 
 898. Cedar Essence. 
 
 Oil of Cedar, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit ..15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 899. Celery Essence. 
 
 Oil of Celery, 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. An extract is also made from Celery Seed. 
 
 900. Clove Essence. 
 
 Oil of Cloves 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring, etc. 
 
 901. Cherry Essence. 
 
 Cherry Laurel Oil 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. 
 
412 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 902. Cognac Essence. 
 
 Oil of Cognac 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. This is used for flavoring, also for making artificial Brandy. 
 Good Oil of Cognac is very expensive. This Essence may be diluted, if 
 desired, cheaper. 
 
 903. Coriander Essence. 
 
 Oil of Coriander, 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. 
 
 904. Curacoa Essence. 
 
 Oil of Curacoa, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit i5fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Orange. 
 
 905. Dill Essence. 
 
 Oil of Dill 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 906. Fennel Essence. 
 
 Oil of Fennel Seed, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 907. Hemlock Essence. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 908. Juniper Essence. 
 
 Oil of Juniper Berries, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 5 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Juniper contains 3 per cent, of the Oil; 
 the Br. P. directs 2 per cent. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 413 
 
 909. Lavender Essence. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Lavender contains 3 per cent, of the Oil ; 
 the Br. P. directs 2 per cent. 
 
 910. Lemon Essence. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, fresh, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fresh Lemon Peel, chopped fine or grated 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and macerate for 7 days, then filter. The outer, yellow portion 
 of the peel only should be used. If the fresh Lemon Peel cannot readily be 
 obtained, color with a few chips of Fustic. This essence is the well-known 
 Extract of Lemon, so much sold as a flavoring extract. It may be made 
 stronger or weaker if desired by using more or less Lemon Oil ; but this 
 formula makes an extract fully up to the standard. The U. S. P. directs 6 
 per cent, of Lemon Oil and 4 per cent, of Lemon Peel. 
 
 911. Lime Essence. 
 
 Oil of Limes, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Lemon. 
 
 912. Mace Essence. 
 
 Oil of Mace, etherial 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Nutmeg. 
 
 913. Mustard Essence. 
 
 Oil of Mustard, essential, 4 lldrachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. The Oil of Mustard must be carefully 
 handled. 
 
 914. Nutmeg Essence. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg I llounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for llavoring. The Br. P. directs 2 per cent, of the Oil 
 for making Spirit of Nutmeg. 
 
414 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 915. Orange Essence. 
 
 Oil of Sweet Orange, fresh 1 fl .ounce. 
 
 Fresh Orange Peel, outside, grated 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 rl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and macerate for 7 days, then filter. See remarks after Lemon 
 Essence. 
 
 916. Parsley Essence. 
 
 Oil of Parsley 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. 
 
 917. Pennyroyal Essence. 
 
 Oil of Pennyroyal, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 918. Peppermint Essence. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15ft. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. It is customary with some druggists to color Essence 
 of Peppermint green, which may be done by adding a little peppermint herb 
 to the Essence, or a little grass-green coloring (443). The U. S. P. Spirit of 
 Peppermint contains 10 per cent, of the Oil ; the Br. P. directs 2 per cent, of 
 the Oil for making Spirit of Peppermint, but also gives an Essence of Pepper- 
 mint containing 20 per cent, of the Oil. 
 
 919. Pimento or Allspice Essence. 
 
 Oil of Pimento, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Used for flavoring. 
 
 920. Rose Essence. 
 
 Oil of Rose, ' . 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. This may be reduced if a cheaper Essence is desired. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 415 
 
 921. Rosemary Essence. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 1 ii. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 922. Sage Essence. 
 
 Oil of Sage, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 923. Sarsaparilla Essence. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 30 minims. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This is the popular " Sarsaparilla Flavoring" so much used for 
 flavoring Soda Water, Syrup Sarsaparilla, etc. A stronger flavor can be 
 made by using a larger quantity of the Oils and no Water. 
 
 924. Sassafras Essence. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 925. Spearmint Essence. 
 
 Oil of Spearmint 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This may be colored with Spearmint herb or grass-green color- 
 ing if desired. See remarks under Essence Peppermint. The U. S. P. Spirit 
 of Spearmint contains 10 per cent, of the Oil. 
 
 926. Spruce Essence. 
 
 oil of Spruce, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 927. Wintergreen Essence. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 ll. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The U. S. P. directs Spirits of Gaultheria to be made with 3 
 parts of < )il of Wintergreen and 97 parts of Alcohol. 
 
416 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 928. Wormwood Essence. 
 
 Oil of Wormwood 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 Essences of other Oils may be made in the same manner as the preceding, 
 the judgment of the druggist directing how much of the Essential Oil should 
 be used with a pint of Alcohol. 
 
 Concentrated Extracts. 
 
 In this department are included the liquid extracts of sub- 
 stances, not Essential Oils, that are used as Flavoring Extracts, 
 or for flavoring beverages, pastry, etc. Some of them are 
 properly Fluid Extracts, others are Tinctures and others are 
 mixtures both of Extracts and Essences. 
 
 929. Angelica Extract or Essence. 
 
 Angelica Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix 4 ounces of Water with the Alcohol, and macerate the drug in the 
 mixture for 7 days, then pour off the liquid, transfer the drug to a percolator, 
 and percolate first with the poured off liquid, then with Water, until a pint 
 is obtained. 
 
 This may also be made by mixing y 2 fl. ounce Oil of Angelica with a pint 
 of Cologne Spirit. 
 
 930. Beef or Meat Extract, Essence or Juice. 
 
 A variety of preparations are sold under this name. The Extracts of 
 Meat or Beef are usually of the consistence of a soft, solid Extract, while 
 some are gelatinous. The Essences of Beef found in the market are liquid. 
 Of the Beef or Meat Extracts, Liebig's is the most popular. It is made on a 
 large scale in South America by evaporating Meat Juices in vacuo in iron 
 cylinders — the finished Extract representing 32 times its weight of fresh 
 meat. It is much used in making Wine of Beef and Iron and other similar 
 nutritive preparations, and for making soups and other articles of diet. 
 
 Essence of Beef or Meat Juice is prepared from the expressed juice of 
 fresh meat, condensed and preserved with glycerin. The most popular meat 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 417 
 
 juice in this country is Valentine's. It is said to contain the nutritive value 
 of two pounds of beef in a fl. ounce. 
 
 In a small way Meat Juice may be made by chopping fresh beefsteak 
 fine, enclosing it in a linen cloth, and pressing it in a lemon squeezer or a 
 small press. It is much better and more nutritious than beef tea. 
 
 931. Chocolate Extract or Essence. 
 
 Confectioners' Cocoa or Chocolate 1 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Reduce the Cocoa or Chocolate to a coarse powder, and put in a wide- 
 mouth quart bottle, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol, and shake them thoroughly 
 together, let stand in a warm place for 12 hours, with occasional agitation, 
 then heat in a water-bath for one hour or more to about i6o°F., leaving a 
 little vent in the cork for the steam to escape. When cool, pour off the liquid 
 and add half a pint more of Alcohol, heat as before, and add the product to 
 the liquid before obtained to make about a pint of the Extract. The Choco- 
 late may be still more thoroughly exhausted by adding more Alcohol, con- 
 centrating the Tincture by distillation and adding the soft extract to the 
 liquid formerly obtained. 
 
 932. Coffee Extract or Essence. 
 
 Java Coffee, browned or roasted, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Mocha Coffee, browned or roasted, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol 8 flounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 pint. 
 
 Grind the Coffee to a moderately fine powder, mix the Alcohol with 8 
 ounces of Water, and moisten the powder with 8 ounces of the mixture, pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour the remainder of the mixture upon 
 it, and set in a warm place for one day, then heat moderately, and after one 
 hour begin to percolate, adding Water through the percolator, and continuing 
 the percolation until 14 ll. ounces are obtained, which reserve, continue the 
 percolation with Water until the drug is exhausted, then evaporate to 2 
 fl. ounces, and add to the reserved liquid to make a pint. This is a Fluid Ex- 
 tract of Coffee, It may be used for flavoring soda water syrups, etc., or 
 medicinally. It requires about 4 fl.ounces to flavor a gallon of Coffee Syrup 
 for soda water. 
 
 933. Jamaica Ginger Extract or Essence. 
 
 Extracts or Essences of Jamaica Ginger arc well known as proprietary 
 remedies, and are considerably used as flavors for pastry and other articles 
 of diet. The following formula is for a Fluid Extract of Jamaica Ginger, 
 
418 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 which is used chiefly for flavoring, or may be diluted for the proprietary 
 Essence of Jamaica Ginger : 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, in moderately fine powder 16 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the powder with Alcohol, pack firmly in a water-bath percolator, 
 pour upon it sufficient Alcohol to cover it, and set in a warm place for 2 
 days, then heat moderately for one hour, and begin to percolate, adding 
 Alcohol to the drug, and continuing the percolation until 14 flounces are 
 obtained, which reserve ; continue the percolation with Alcohol until the 
 drug is exhausted, then concentrate the later percolate by distillation to 2 
 fl. ounces, and add to the reserved portion to make a pint of Fluid Extract of 
 Jamaica Ginger. 
 
 This is used as a Flavoring for Soda Water Syrup and other beverages. 
 To make the proprietary Essence of Jamaica Ginger, mix 3 parts of this Ex- 
 tract with 5 parts of Cologne Spirit. 
 
 934. Orris Extract or Essence. 
 
 Orris Root, in moderately fine powder 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Moisten the powder with Cologne Spirit, pack firmly in water-bath perco- 
 lator, cover with Cologne Spirit, let stand 2 days, then heat moderately 1 
 hour, and percolate with Cologne Spirit until a pint has passed. Used for 
 flavoring and in compound perfumes. It has the odor of violets. 
 
 935. Sherbet Extract or Essence. 
 
 Vanilla Extract (940) 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Orange, fresh 3 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Rose 3 minims. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl 1 fl .drachm. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 936. Tonka Extract or Essence. 
 
 Tonka Beans, in fine powder 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Moisten the powder with the Cologne Spirit, pack firmly in the water-bath 
 percolator, cover with Cologne Spirit, and let stand for 2 days, then heat 
 moderately and percolate with Cologne Spirit until a pint has passed. 
 
 This was formerly much used to combine with Vanilla for making a cheap 
 Vanilla Extract, but is now rapidly going out of use. It is considerably 
 employed in perfumery. 
 
ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 419 
 
 937. Vanilla Extract or Essence. 
 
 A great variety of Extracts of Vanilla are found on the market, and as it 
 is one of the most important Extracts, the selection of the beans for preparing 
 it, and the manner of making, should be well understood. 
 
 The Mexican Vanilla Beans have the finest flavor, and the longer the bean, 
 as a rule, the better the Extract ; but owing to the increased value of the 
 longer beans they are seldom used by the large manufacturers. 
 
 The Bourbon Beans are considerably used, but they have a ranker flavor, 
 more like Tonka, and a first-class Extract cannot be made from them alone. 
 They are, however, used to mix with the Mexican Beans, and give a strength 
 to the flavor, which is considered desirable by some manufacturers, but is not 
 liked by the best judges of Good Vanilla Extract. 
 
 Owing to the high price of Vanilla Beans, they are liable to manipulation 
 in the hands of unscrupulous jobbers, and an Extract is frequently made by 
 soaking the whole beans in spirits, then drying and selling them. They are 
 then brittle and lighter colored, and are practically worthless. The best way- 
 is to buy them of reliable houses only. 
 
 Several strengths of Vanilla Extracts are made. One containing 4 ounces 
 to a pint being usually called Fluid Extract of Vanilla ; one, containing 2 
 ounces to the pint, being called Concentrated Extract of Vanilla, chiefly used 
 by confectioners and for flavoring soda water, etc. ; and one for the popular 
 trade, usually made 1 ounce to the pint, and called by any name that the 
 manufacturers chose to give it. Besides these, which rank as first-class, and 
 vary only in strength, are the Extracts made of Vanilla and Tonka, or of 
 poorer quality of beans, which are much sold by grocers and also by drug- 
 gists. The following are the formulas : 
 
 938. Fluid Extract of Vanilla. 
 
 Vanilla Beans, cut fine 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 flounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 The Beans are best cut fine with a dried-beef sheer, or by chopping in a 
 chopping-bowl ; they should then be pounded in an iron mortar until they 
 are thoroughly crushed or dessicated, then pack them firmly in the water- 
 bath percolator, and pour upon them 8 ounces of Cologne Spirit mixed with 
 4 ounces of Water, and set in a warm place for 2 days ; then heat moder- 
 ately for 2 hours, and begin to percolate. When the liquid has ceased to 
 drop add the remaining 4 ounces of Cologne Spirit, mixed with 4 ounces of 
 Water, and continue the percolation, adding Water, if necessary, through the 
 pen olator until a pint of the Extract is obtained, then filter. 
 
 This Extract is not sold except as a Fluid Extract, or for special use to 
 those who know its strength. 
 
420 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVI >RING EXTRACTS. 
 
 939. Concentrated Extract of Vanilla. 
 
 Vanilla Beans, cut fine. 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 .Make the same as the preceding. 
 
 940. Extract of Vanilla. 
 
 This is the Flavoring Extract of Vanilla that is mostly made and sold by 
 druggists and manufacturers when Extract of Vanilla is wanted : 
 
 Vanilla Beans, cut fine 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 10 rl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Reduce the Cut Beans to a coarse powder by beating in an iron mortar and 
 put them in a pint wide-mouth bottle. Mix the Cologne Spirit with 6 ounces 
 of Water, and pour one third of the mixture upon the Vanilla, and stop with 
 a perforated cork, heat for one hour in a water-bath to about i6o°F., pour off 
 the liquid and reserve ; pour on the drugs one third more of the menstruum, 
 and heat as before, adding the liquid to the portion previously reserved. 
 Pour on the remainder of the liquid, heat as before, and add the product to 
 the reserved Extract, then add sufficient Water to the Vanilla in the bottle, 
 heat again and pour off, adding the liquid to the reserved extract to make a 
 pint of the Extract of Vanilla. 
 
 In making larger quantities of this Extract, it is best made by water-bath 
 percolation the same as the preceding. 
 
 941. Vanilla-Tonka Extract. 
 
 Many druggists mix a portion of Tonka with Vanilla to make an Extract 
 of Vanilla. Although it gives a stronger flavor, it is not the same as Vanilla. 
 
 This is called by some manufacturers Fortified Extract of Vanilla, but 
 those who are accustomed to the true Vanilla flavor think but little of it. It 
 may be made by using : 
 
 Vanilla Beans ?+' ounce. 
 
 Tonka Beans X ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Extract of Vanilla. Some manufacturers 
 use a still larger proportion of Tonka. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 421 
 
 Soluble Flavoring Extracts. 
 
 Most of the Essences and Extracts made from Essential 
 Oils and substances containing Oleo-resins, are insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions — making cloudy or milky mixtures. It is 
 desirable for many purposes that some of them should make 
 clear solutions when mixed with Water or Syrup. A general 
 formula is therefore given by which any of the Essences made 
 from Oils may be made soluble, and a few special formulae for 
 others are given. 
 
 These Soluble Extracts are mainly used for Soda Water 
 Syrups and for making bottled beverages. 
 
 942. General Formula for Soluble Extracts. 
 
 The Essential Oil or Oils ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium '4 to 1 ounce av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the required Oil or Oils with the Cologne Spirit, rub half an ounce of 
 Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder, and then with the Water, and 
 add the mixture to the solution, shaking them well together, let stand a few 
 days, shaking occasionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the 
 filter to make a pint. As some Oils are much less soluble than others in 
 aqueous solutions, the filtered product may not make a clear mixture with 
 Water. This may be ascertained by dropping a few drops into a few ounces 
 of Water. If the solution is cloudy it will be necessary to rub the filtrate 
 with more Carbonate of Magnesium and again filter. 
 
 943. Soluble Extract of Ginger. 
 
 Jamaica Ginger Root, in moderately fine powder, . . 4 pounds av. 
 Al' oliol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 3 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1 ounce av. 
 
 ihe (linger in the water-hath percolator, and pour sufficient Alcohol 
 upon ii to cover it, let stand 4<S hours in a warm place, then add more 
 Alcohol, heat moderately for 1 hour and begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
 to the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted. 
 Reserve the first 4 pints that pass, and concentrate the remainder l>v distilling 
 off the Alcohol until only a pint of the Extract remains; add this to the per- 
 colate reserved. Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 4 pints of Water; rub 
 
422 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 the Carbonate of Magnesium to a smooth mixture with the solution, and add 
 the mixture to the Extract. Let stand for several days, with occasional agita- 
 tion, and finally filter. 
 
 This is about half the strength of a Fluid Extract, and makes a clear solu- 
 tion with Syrup or Water. It is used for flavoring Syrup for Soda Water, 
 Ginger Beer, and other beverages. For making the U. S. official Syrup of 
 dinger, mix i ll. ounce of this Extract with 15 H. ounces of Syrup. 
 
 944. Ginger Ale Extract. 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, in moderately fine powder, .... 4. pounds av. 
 
 Oil of Lemon 1 rl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Orange 3 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Pimento i)4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 4 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Caramel Coloring, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pack the Ginger in the water-bath percolator, and pour sufficient Alcohol 
 upon it to cover it, let it stand 48 hours in a warm place, then add more 
 Alcohol, heat moderately for 1 hour and begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
 to the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted. 
 Reserve the first 4 pints that pass, and concentrate the remainder by distilling 
 off the Alcohol until only a pint of the Extract remains. Add this to the 
 percolate reserved, then add the Oils to the same. 
 
 Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 4 pints of Water, rub the Carbonate 
 of Magnesium with the solution, add the Caramel Coloring, and then add 
 the mixture to the Extract. Let stand several days, with occasional agita- 
 tion, and finally filter. 
 
 This is the popular Ginger Ale Extract so much used as a flavoring for 
 Soda Water Syrups and bottled beverages. 
 
 For making Ginger Ale to bottle or charge in a fountain, mix 6 ounces of 
 this Extract with i' 2 gallons of Syrup, 7 gallons of Water, 1 ounce solution 
 Citric Acid and 2 ounces Caramel, and charge to 30 pounds. For making 
 Syrup Ginger Ale to draw from the fountain, mix 3 ounces of the Extract 
 with 1 gallon Syrup, and add l / z ounce solution Citric Acid. 
 
 945. Soluble Extract of Lemon. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, fresh yb fl.ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium }4 ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 9 flounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 423 
 
 Dissolve the Oil of Lemon in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of 
 Magnesium with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, 
 with occasional agitation, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter 
 to make the measure one pint. . 
 
 For making Lemon Pop, etc., mix 8 ounces of this Extract with 2 gallons 
 of Syrup and 8 gallons of Water, add 1 ounce of Citric Acid, and charge to 
 30 pounds. For Soda Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon of Syrup, 
 and add 1 ounce Citric Acid Solution. 
 
 946. Soluble Extract of Mead. 
 
 A great number of formulas have been published for making this popular 
 beverage, some being in the form of Extracts, and others in the form of a 
 Syrup. The following makes a soluble Extract of fine flavor and strength : 
 
 Oil of Lemon 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cloves 3 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Pimento, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 40 minims. 
 
 Caramel Coloring, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 4J^ pints. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 4 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 with the Water, and add the Caramel Coloring, then add the mixture to the 
 solution, and let stand a few days, shaking occasionally, and filter. 
 
 For charging in a fountain or bottling, mix 6 ounces of this Extract with 
 i>2 gallons of Syrup, 7 gallons of Water, and 1 ounce Solution Citric Acid, 
 and charge to 30 pounds. 
 
 For making Syrup of Mead to diaw from the fountain, mix 3 ounces with 
 1 pint Strawberry or Raspberry Fruit Juice, and ]/z ounce Citric Acid Solu- 
 tion, and add enough Syrup to make 1 gallon. 
 
 947. Excelsior Mead Extract. 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Strawberry Juice (or other Fruit Juice) 4^ pints. 
 
 Soluble Mead Extract (946) 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Caramel Coloring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar 5 pounds av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the liquids and dissolve the Sugar in the mixture. 
 
424 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 To charge in a fountain, or make Bottled Mead, mix i y z gallons of this 
 Extract with i gallon of Syrup and 7^ gallons of Water, and charge to 30 
 pounds. 
 
 For Excelsior Mead Syrup to draw from the fountain, mix 1 part with 3 
 parts of Syrup. 
 
 948. Soluble Extract of Orange. 
 
 Oil of Orange y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium % ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 8 fl .ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, shaking occa- 
 sionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter to make the 
 measure a pint. 
 
 For making Orange Syrup for Soda Water, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon 
 Syrup and x / z ounce Solution Citric Acid. 
 
 949. Soluble Extract of Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, iy 2 rl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 1% fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 15 minims. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 rl. ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 8 rl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, then filter, 
 adding enough Water through the filter to make the measure a pint. 
 
 For charging in a fountain, making Sarsaparilla Pop, etc., mix S ounces 
 of this Extract with 2 gallons of Syrup, 8 gallons of Water, y 2 ounce Citric 
 Acid, and 8 ounces Caramel Coloring, and charge to 30 pounds. 
 
 For Soda Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon Syrup, and color with 
 Caramel. 
 
 950. Soluble Extract of Tolu. 
 
 Balsam Tolu i}4. ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol 3 flounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 pint. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 425 
 
 Dissolve the Balsam of Tolu in the Alcohol by the aid of a water-bath, 
 and rub the solution thoroughly with the Carbonate of Magnesium, then 
 gradually add to the mixture a pint of boiling Water, rubbing them well 
 together, allow the mixture to stand until cold, then filter, adding through the 
 filter sufficient Water to make the measure 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 To make Syrup of Tolu, mix 2 fl.ounces of this with 14 flounces of Syrup. 
 It is also used to flavor Soda Water Syrup in the same proportion. 
 
 951. Soluble Extract of Wintergreen. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium )A. ounce av. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 with the Water, and add to the solution, let it stand for a few days, shaking 
 occasionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter to make the 
 measure a pint. 
 
 For charging in a fountain, etc., use the same as Sarsaparilla. For Soda 
 Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon Syrup. 
 
 952. Birch Beer Extract. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen 3 ll. ounces. 
 
 ( )il Sassafras, y z tl. ounce. 
 
 Oil Lemon l / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil Cassia 10 minims. 
 
 Catechu 60 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 3 ounces av. 
 
 Caramel Coloring 2 11. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit \V 2 pints. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 4 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 with the Water, add the Caramel and Catechu, and add the mixture to the 
 solution, let stand several days, with occasional agitation, then filter. 
 
 This Soluble Extract is much used by bottlers and for flavoring Soda 
 Water Syrup. 
 
 For Birch Beet charged in a fountain or bottled, mix 6 ounces with \ l / z 
 gallon of Syrup, 2 ounces of Caramel, '. ounce Solution Citric Acid, 8 
 gallons of Water, and charge to 30 pounds. 
 
 For Birch Beer Syrup to be drawn from the fountain, mix 3 ounces with 
 1 gallon of Syrup, and add '.. ounce Solution Citric Acid. Color with 
 mel. 
 
420 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 953. Ottawa Beer Extract. 
 
 This was formerly a proprietary preparation, but now all the leading Soda 
 Water manufacturers furnish it. A good Extract may be made as follows : 
 
 Burdock Root, 1 pound av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla 1 pound av. 
 
 Sassafras, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag (Calamus) 2 ounces. 
 
 Dandelion Root 6 ounces av. 
 
 Caramel Coloring 1 rl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 2 rl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol 4 1 2 pints. 
 
 Water, q. s. to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix 4 pints of Alcohol with 4 
 pints of Water, make an Extract by water-bath percolation, reserving the 
 first 7 pints that pass, continue the percolation with water, evaporate the 
 remaining percolate to 1 pint, and add. Dissolve the Oils in 8 flounces of 
 Alcohol, and add ; rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with a portion of the 
 Extract, add to the remainder, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 For Ottawa Beer charged in a fountain, mix 6 ounces with 1 yi gallon 
 Syrup, 1 ounce Solution Citric Acid, 2 ounces Caramel, and 8 gallons of 
 W 7 ater, and charge to 30 pounds. 
 
 For Ottawa Beer Syrup, mix 3 ounces with l / z ounce Solution Citric Acid 
 and 1 gallon of Syrup, and color with Caramel. 
 
 954. Peruvian Beer Extract. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, .... 4 rl. ounces. 
 
 ( )il of Lemon 2 rl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 2 rl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 1% fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Spruce, 1 rl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg l /i rl.ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 
 
 Caramel Coloring ]/ 2 rl.ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 16 rl.ounces. 
 
 Water, .... 16 rl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with 
 the Water, add the Fluid Extract and Caramel, then add the mixture to the 
 solution, and, after standing a few days, with occasional agitation, filter. 
 
 Directions for charging, bottling and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
 Birch Beer. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 427 
 
 955. Root Beer Extract. 
 
 American Sarsaparilla, 16 ounces aw 
 
 Sassafras Bark 12 ounces av. 
 
 Dandelion 12 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag (Calamus) 3 ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Spruce 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Caramel Coloring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol \Yz pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder; mix 4 pints of the Alcohol with 4 
 pints of Water ; make an Extract by water-bath percolation, reserving the 
 first 7 pints which pass, and continue the percolation with Water until the 
 drugs are exhausted ; evaporate this last percolate to 1 pint, and add to the 
 reserved Extract. Dissolve the Oils in 8 ounces of Alcohol, and mix with 
 the Extract. Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with a portion of the Extract, 
 and add to the remainder ; then add the Caramel, and, after standing a few 
 days, with occasional agitation, filter. 
 
 Directions for charging, bottling, and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
 Ottawa Beer. 
 
 956. Spruce Beer Extract. 
 
 Oil Hemlock, pure 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil Lemon 1 11. drachm. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen y 2 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil Sassafras > 2 fl.drachm. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with the 
 Water, and add to the solution ; let stand a few days, with occasional agita- 
 tion, and filter. 
 
 Directions for charging, bottling, and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
 Birch Beer, except that the color is omitted. 
 
 Artificial Fruit Essences or Flavors. 
 
 A variety of artificial Fruit Flavors or Essences arc made 
 from various ethers, which, when Largely diluted, resemble the 
 flavors of fruit t<> a greater or less degree. 
 
4*28 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 They are considerably used by bottlers and confectioners,. 
 and were formerly much used for flavoring soda water syrups, 
 but have now been superseded almost entirely by natural Fruit 
 Juices, which are infinitely better for the purpose. 
 
 The strongest preparations of this class are known in the 
 market as Ethers or Fruit Oils, and generally consist of Amyl 
 and Ethyl Oxides, either simple or combined ; but the prepa- 
 rations that are generally furnished as Fruit Essences, Ex- 
 tracts, or Flavors are diluted and mixed so as to more closely 
 imitate the real flavor of fruit, some of them being very good 
 imitations, while others are poor representatives of the natural 
 fruit flavors. 
 
 The following formula 1 represent all the flavors of this kind 
 for which there is a demand, and make them about the same 
 strength as are furnished by the leading manufacturers for this 
 purpose. The)- may, however, be made stronger or weaker 
 by using more or less Cologne Spirit or Alcohol in making 
 them : 
 
 957. Apple Essence or Extract. 
 
 Valerianate of Amyl . . . 1 %. fl. ounce. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 1 ti drachm. 
 
 Aldehyd, 1 tidrachm. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether 30 minims. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 flounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit or Alcohol 12 ti ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This may also be made by mixing 3 fl. ounces of Valerianate 
 of Amyl (which is also called Apple Oil) with 3 fl. ounces of Glycerin and io- 
 flounces of Alcohol. 
 
 958. Apricot Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Valerianic Ether X/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Butyric Ether 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 ( )il of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 

 ESSEXTLE — -ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 429 
 
 959. Banana Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl, 1 1 / 2 flounce. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl, . yi flounce. 
 
 Chloroform 10 minims. 
 
 Aldehyde 30 minims. 
 
 Glycerin 2 11. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 M. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A very good Essence of Banana may also be made by mixing 
 3 fl. ounces of Acetate of Amyl with 13 fl. ounces of Alcohol. 
 
 960. Blackberry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Formic Ether 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Acetic Ether 6 fl. drachms. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl 30 minims. 
 
 Blackberry Juice 3 flounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 flounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 10 flounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 961. Black Cherry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Benzoic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl 1 11. drachm. 
 
 GEnanthic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond 30 minims. 
 
 Black Cherry Juice 4 tl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 II. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 flounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 962. Black Currant Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether 1 flounce. 
 
 I ither 1 ll. drachm. 
 
 Extract of Orris (934) 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Black Currant Juice 5 flounces. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 
 
 ( rlycerin 2 flounces. 
 
 ■in- spirit 9 flounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
430 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 963. Blueberry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Benzoic Ether 2 rl. drachms. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Pelargonic Ether 30 minims. 
 
 Blueberry Juice 5 flounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 This is also known as Huckleberry Extract. 
 
 964. Cranberry Ether or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Formic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Benzoic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Wine Vinegar 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cranberry Juice, .5 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 965. Grape Essence or Extract. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Formic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Aldehyd, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Grape Juice, any variety, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 The flavors of different varieties of Grapes may be imparted to this Essence 
 by adding to it 2 fl. drachms of the Oil distilled from the required variety of 
 grape, as Catawba, Sherry, Port, Claret, etc. These Oils are also produced 
 artificially by combining various Ethers. 
 
 966. Gooseberry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether 1% fl.ounce. 
 
 Benzoic Ether 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Aldehyd '. . . 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Succinic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 431 
 
 967. 
 
 Melon Essence or Extract. 
 
 Sebacic Ether, 
 Valerianic Ether 
 Butyric Ether, 
 Aldehyd. . . 
 Formic Ether. 
 Glycerin, . . 
 Cologne Spirit, 
 Mix them. 
 
 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 3 fl.drachms. 
 
 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 1 fl. drachm. 
 30 minims. 
 
 2 fl. ounces. 
 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 968. 
 
 Nectar Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyric Ether, . . . 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds, 
 Extract of Vanilla (940J, 
 
 Glycerin, 
 
 Cologne Spirit, . . . 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 1 fl. ounce. 
 60 minims. 
 15 minims. 
 
 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 2 fl. ounces. 
 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 969. Nectarine Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyric Ether ]A fl. ounce. 
 
 Acetic Ether ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 GEnanthic Ether >£ fl.ounce. 
 
 Formic Ether ]/ 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Valerianic Ether )/% fl.ounce. 
 
 Sebacic Ether 1 (1. drachm. 
 
 Aldehyd 1 ll. drachm. 
 
 ( '.lycerin 2 ll. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 970. Orgeat Essence or Extract. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Butyric Ether 4 11. drachms. 
 
 Orris Extract (934) 1 5 ll. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
432 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 971. Peach Essence or Extract. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether 4 H.drachms. 
 
 Acetic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Valerianic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds 20 minims. 
 
 Peach Juice, 4 flounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 flounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 A -ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 972. Pear Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl 1 flounce. 
 
 Acetic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Pear Juice 2 flounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit n fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. The Essence of Jargonelle Pear is made the same 
 as this, only using 30 drops of Acetic Ether. 
 
 973. Pineapple Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl, 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Butyric Ether, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sebacic Ether, 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Pineapple Juice, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. A very fair Essence of Pineapple is made by mixing 
 2 ounces of Butyric Ether with 12 ounces of Cologne Spirit and 2 ounces of 
 Water. 
 
 974. Plum Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, )/* fl.ounce. 
 
 Aldehyd Yz fl.ounce. 
 
 Butyric Ether 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Formic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 433 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond, 30 minims. 
 
 Plum Juice, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 975. Prune Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, y z fl.ounce. 
 
 Aldehyd, l / 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Butyric Ether, ■. 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Formic Ether, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Prune Juice, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almond 20 minims. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 976. Quince Essence or Extract. 
 
 Pelargonic Ether, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Aldehyd 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Chloroform 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Quince Juice 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 977. Raspberry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Acetic Ether 2 11. drachms. 
 
 Benzoic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Formic Ether 30 minims. 
 
 Sebacic Ether 30 minims. 
 
 Acetate )f Amyl 4 11. drachms. 
 
 Extract of Orris 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Rose 2 minims. 
 
 Raspberry Juice 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 2 11. ounces. 
 
 ne spirit 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
434 
 
 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 
 
 978. Red Cherry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Benzoic Ether, 4 rl. drachms. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl 1 rl. drachm. 
 
 QEnanthic Ether, 1 rl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds 30 minims. 
 
 Red Cherry Juice 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 .Mix them, and filter. 
 
 979. Red Currant Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 OZnanthic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Orris Extract, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Red Currant Juice . 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almond 20 minims. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 980. 
 
 Strawberry Essence or Extract. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 
 Butyric Ether, . 
 Acetate of Amyl, 
 Butyrate of Amyl, 
 Formic Ether, . 
 Extract of Orris, 
 Strawberry Juice, 
 Glycerin, . . . 
 Cologne Spirit, . 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 2 fl. drachms. 
 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 2 fl. ounces. 
 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 981. Wild Cherry Essence. 
 
 Benzoic Ether 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 CEnanthic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl, 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cherry Laurel, 30 minims. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl .ounces. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and filter. 
 
ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 435 
 
 982. Havana Cigar Flavoring. 
 
 Tonka Beans, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Valerian, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Vanilla Beans, cut fine 1 ounce av. 
 
 Beaver Castor, cut very fine 2 drachms. 
 
 Benzoin, in fine powder 2 drachms. 
 
 Balsam Peru 2 drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cassia, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg 30 minims. 
 
 Valerianic Ether 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Benzoic Ether, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Acetate of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Tonka, Valerian, Vanilla, Castor and Benzoin in the Cologne 
 Spirit in a warm place for seven days, then pour off the liquid, put the drugs 
 in a percolator and percolate with the poured off liquid, adding through the 
 percolator enough Cologne Spirit to make 14 fl. ounces, to this add the Oils, 
 Ethers and Balsam, and mix thoroughly. 
 
 983. Cachou Flavor. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 2 rl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of YVintergreen 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cassia 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cloves i fl. drachm. 
 
 Mix them. By the addition of 2 drachms Oil of Calamus or the same 
 quantity of Oil of Cardamom the flavor is much improved, but they add to 
 the expense. 
 
 Aromatic I achous for the breath are made by mixing powdered Extract 
 of Liquorice 7 parts, powdered Purified Catechu 2 parts, powdered Cum 
 Arabic 1 parr. Cachou Flavoring 1 part, with Water sufficient to make a 
 mass, and making into pills which may be coated with silver leaf. Trix, a 
 proprietary article, are made in the same manner, but rolled out in sheets 
 and cut in small squares. The flavoring may be varied by adding other aro- 
 matic substances, as desired. 
 
 984. Essence of Coltsfoot. 
 
 Balsam Tolu 1 ounce av. 
 
 pound Tincture of Benzoin 3 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix the liquids, dissolve the Balsam in themixture by the aid of gentle 
 heat, and filter. This is used for flavoring Coltsfoot Candy, and as a remedy 
 
 for coughs. 
 
436 ESSEXTI.E — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 
 
 Bitters Extracts. 
 
 These Extracts are used for flavoring Liquors and for making 
 Bitters to bottle. They are dispensed at bars from squirt 
 bottles, by which a few drops may be added to a glass of 
 liquor, and are used as directed for flavoring put-up Bitters, 
 for which druggists have considerable demand : 
 
 985. Angostura Bitters Extract. 
 
 Angostura Bark, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel 8 ounces av. 
 
 Canada Snake Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Calisaya Bark 8 ounces av. 
 
 Virginia Snake Root 8 ounces av. 
 
 Gentian Root, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Galangal Root 4 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag (Calamus) 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves 1 ounce av. 
 
 Coriander 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mace, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alkenet Root 2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a moderately tine powder, and moisten them with 2 pints 
 of Alcohol, pack in the water-bath percolator, and, having mixed the remain- 
 der of the Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, pour enough of the mixture upon 
 the drugs to cover them, and set in a warm place, let stand 2 days, then pour 
 the remainder of the diluted Alcohol upon them, heat very moderately, and 
 after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs, and continuing 
 the percolation until the drugs are exhausted. Reserve the first 7 ' 2 pints that 
 pass, evaporate the remainder of the percolate to a Y> pint, and add to the 
 reserved portion to make 1 gallon. This is a very strong Extract. 
 
 To make Angostura Bitters for bottling, take 2 ounces of this Extract, 
 % gallon Pure Proof Spirit, % gallon Water, 1 ounce Glycerin. 
 
 986. Aromatic Bitters Extract. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel 2 pounds av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root (Calamus), 8 ounces av. 
 
 Hops 8 ounces av. 
 
ESSENTIA — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 437 
 
 Cardamom Seed 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cassia Bark 2 ounces av. 
 
 Coriander Seed 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mace 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cochineal 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol 5 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient for 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the Orange and Hops to a coarse powder, and the other articles to a 
 fine powder, mix them, moisten with 1 pint of Alcohol, pack, percolate, and 
 proceed in the same manner as for making Angostura Bitters Extract. This 
 is a pleasant Aromatic Extract. 
 
 To make Aromatic Bitters to bottle, mix 4 fl. ounces of this Extract with 
 6 pints Pure Proof Spirit and 2 pints of Water, and add 1 ounce Glycerin. 
 
 987. Boker's Bitters Extract. 
 
 Ouassia 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel 12 ounces av. 
 
 Catechu 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom 3 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol 5 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make \ gallon. 
 
 Make by water-bath percolation same as the preceding. 
 
 988. Orange Bitters Extract. 
 
 Fresh Orange Peel, chopped fine 2 pounds. 
 
 I iitter Orange Peel, coarsely ground, 1 pound. 
 
 Oil of Orange 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 6 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the Orange Peels, fresh and dry, and cover them with Cologne Spirit, 
 4 pints ; let stand a f<-u days and pour off the liquid, pour on 2 pints fresh 
 Cologne Spirit, macerate as before, and pour off, then pour 3 pints Water 
 upon the drugs, macerate as before, pour off and express. Dissolve the Oil 
 of < (range in the spiritous tincture, and add the last portion obtained by macer- 
 ation and pressure to it. After standing a few days filter. 
 
 To make Orange Bitten for bottling, add 8 il. ounces of this Extract to 6 
 pints I 'ure Proof Spirit, 2 pints of Water, and 1 ounce Glycerin. 
 
438 ESSENTIA — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 
 
 989. Peruvian Bitters Extract. 
 
 Peruvian or Calisaya Bark, in coarse powder, . . . \ l / 2 pound av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder i pound av. 
 
 Galangal Root, in fine powder, [ ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol 6 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Make by water-bath percolation the same as Angostura Bitters. 
 
 To make Peruvian Bitters or Cinchona Bitters for bottling, mix 8 fl. ounces 
 of this Extract with 6 pints of Pure Proof Spirit and 2 pints of Water, and add 
 1 ounce of Glycerin. 
 
 990. Stomach Bitters Extract. 
 
 Wahoo Bark, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel 1 pound av. 
 
 Hops 8 ounces av. 
 
 Juniper Berries, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Cloves 1 ounce av. 
 
 Nutmeg, 1 ounce av. ■ 
 
 Alcohol 6 pints. 
 
 Water 2 pints. 
 
 Grind the Wahoo, Orange and Hops to a coarse powder and the other 
 drugs to a fine powder, mix them and make by water-bath percolation as 
 directed for making Angostura Bitters. 
 
 To make Stomach Bitters for bottling, mix 4 ounces of this Extract with 
 6 pints of Pure Proof Spirit, and 2 pints of Water, and add 1 ounce of Gly- 
 cerin. 
 
 991. Stoughton Bitters Extract. 
 
 Gentian, in coarse powder 1 pound av. 
 
 Virginia Snake Root, in coarse powder, ..... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, 1 pound av. 
 
 Sweet Flag (Calamus), in coarse powder, .... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces av. 
 
ESSENTIA — CORDIAL FLAVORS. 439 
 
 Cloves, in fine powder, i ounce av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Red Saunders, in fine powder, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Make by water-bath percolation as directed for Angostura Bitters. This 
 is a strong extract and is to be diluted for use. 
 
 992. Wild Cherry Bitters Extract. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Cherry Laurel, 60 minims. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, and mix with the Extract. A Wild 
 Cherry Bitters may be made by mixing 6 ounces of this extract with 6 pints 
 of Pure Proof Spirit, 2 pints of Water, and 1 ounce of Glycerin. 
 
 Cordial Essences or Flavors. 
 
 The following- are familiar Cordials which arc used for flav- 
 oring Liquors, etc., similar to the foregoing Bitters. 
 Other Cordials will be found under other headings. 
 
 993. Absinthe Essence. 
 
 Absinthe is usually made by distillation from the drugs, but a good 
 article may be made from this essence : 
 
 Oil of Wormwood 4 flounces. 
 
 1 )il of Anise 2 ll. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Fennel 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Coriander 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 8 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 994. Absinthe.- To make Absinthe mix 2 fl.ounces of Absinthe Essence 
 with 5 gallons of ( Cologne Spirit, and add 5 gallons of water in which 5 pounds 
 
 of white sugar has formerly been dissolved, then color by adding 2 (unices 
 Quid Extracl of Wormwood and sufficient grass-green coloring to give the 
 I tint, or by macerating 1 pound of fresh Wormwood tops in the liquid. 
 Filter if necessary. 
 
440 
 
 ESSENTIA — CORDIAL FLAVORS. 
 
 995. Anisette Essence. 
 
 Many formulas, all differing somewhat in flavor, are employed for making 
 Anisette. The following combination will be found as agreeable as any: 
 
 Oil of Aniseed 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Coriander 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg 30 minims. 
 
 Oil of Neroli 30 minims. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 996. Anisette or Anisette Cordial. — To make Anisette mix 2 fl.ounces 
 of this essence with 4 gallons Cologne Spirit and add to the mixture 5 gallons 
 of water and 1 5 pounds of white sugar. Let stand and filter through a little 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, if necessary. 
 
 997. Kiimmel Essence. 
 
 Oil of Caraway Seed 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Aniseed, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Calamus 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Coriander 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 998. Kiimmel. — To make Kiimmel mix 2 fl.ounces of Kiimmel Essence 
 with 4 gallons of Cologne Spirit and add 5 gallons of water in which 1 5 pounds 
 of white sugar has previously been dissolved. Let stand and filter through 
 a little Carbonate of Magnesium. 
 
 A good Kiimmel may also be made by dissolving 1 fl.drachm Oil of Car- 
 away Seed in 3 pints Cologne Spirit, adding 4 pints of water, \ x /z pounds of 
 sugar, and filtering through Carb. Magnesium. 
 
 Cura^oa Cordial is noticed on page 262. Some other cordials will be 
 mentioned under other headings, but do not properly belong with the fore- 
 going. 
 
 ETHYL. 
 
 The radical Ethyl is the most important of the series of 
 hydrocarbons, known as the Alcohol radicals. 
 
 Its combinations with various acids form a variety of Oxides, 
 which are known as " Ethers," and its combination with the 
 
EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 441 
 
 elements of water forms the Hydrate of Ethyl, which is 
 familiarly known as "Alcohol." See Ethers, page 78, and 
 Alcohol, page 86. As most of the Ethyl Compounds have 
 been noticed under these headings, further description here 
 will be unnecessary. 
 
 Ethylamine — NH 3 (C 2 H 5 ).— A base of the Ethyl series, 
 obtained by substituting an atom of hydrogen in ammonia 
 by the Ethyl radical. 
 
 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 The class of Galenicals known as Extracts or Solid Extracts 
 are preparations usually in the form of mass or powder, and 
 intended to represent in a concentrated form the soluble por- 
 tions of vegetable drugs. In pharmacy they are used for 
 making pills, plasters, ointments, suppositories, and many 
 other forms of medicine where a concentrated preparation is 
 desirable. Various methods are employed for obtaining the 
 soluble properties of the drugs, as may best be suited to their 
 nature, and their solutions are then concentrated by evapora- 
 tion in various ways to the required consistence. 
 
 In large manufacturing establishments the evaporation is 
 usually conducted in vacuo, at a low temperature, as the vola- 
 tile properties are best preserved in this manner; but as this 
 process is not expedient to the ordinary pharmacist, the for- 
 mulas here given are designed for such conveniences as may 
 readily be employed by them. 
 
 I'Mi- making small quantities of Solid Extracts the fluid 
 extract of the drug may be evaporated by a water-bath to a 
 pilular consistence. 
 
 For prescription work, Powdered Extracts are much used 
 and are more convenient than extracts in mass. Many ex- 
 tractS cannol well be reduced to a powder without admixture 
 with other substances, but they are furnished by manufacturers 
 who claim to give a true representative of the extract in the 
 form of powder. 
 
442 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 The following formulae are for Extracts Official in the U. S., 
 Br. and German Pharmacopoeias. They represent, however, 
 but a small part of the number of extracts that may be made, 
 for it is evident that extracts may be prepared from all vegeta- 
 ble drugs; but from the formulae given the intelligent druggist 
 will have no trouble to prepare any extract that may be desired 
 by using the same menstruum for exhausting the drug which 
 is directed for making a Fluid Extract of the same and evap- 
 oration in the manner directed for making other Extracts of 
 the same nature. 
 
 iooi. General Formula for Making Extracts. 
 
 The general directions which apply to making all kinds of 
 Extracts, may be briefly stated as follows : 
 
 The Substance, any convenient quantity. 
 The Menstruum, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the drug with the Menstruum, allow to macerate 
 from 12 to 24 hours, pack in the water-bath percolator, pour 
 Menstruum upon it and set in a warm place for one or two 
 days, then heat moderately, adding the Menstruum or Water 
 to the drug, and percolate until the drug is exhausted. 
 Evaporate the percolate by distillation if it contains alcohol, 
 or by gentle heat if aqueous, to a pilular consistence, adding 5 
 per cent, of Glycerin to such extracts as become hard and dry 
 after standing, unless wanted in powdered form. 
 
 1002. Extracts from Expressed Juices. 
 
 I nsp is sated Ju ices. 
 
 The Extracts made by evaporating the expressed juices of 
 fresh plants have always been considered superior to those 
 made from the dried plants, and the popularity of the English 
 Extracts made by reliable houses in this manner is well known. 
 The following is the general process of the Br. P. for making 
 extracts in this manner : 
 
 The fresh leaves, tops or plants, any convenient quantity. 
 
EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 443 
 
 Bruise in a stone mortar and press out the juice, heat it 
 gradually to 130 F. (54°4 C), and separate the green coloring 
 matter by straining through a calico filter. Heat the strained 
 liquid to 200 F. (93°3 C.) to coagulate the albumen, and again 
 filter through calico. Evaporate the filtered liquid by a water- 
 bath at a low temperature to the consistence of a thin syrup, 
 then add to it the green coloring matter previously obtained, 
 and pass through a hair sieve; then stir together and continue 
 the evaporation at a temperature not exceeding 140 F. (6o° C.) 
 until an extract of pilular consistence is obtained. 
 
 1003. Extractum Absinthium — Extract of Wormwood. — Exhaust 
 Wormwood with Alcohol 2 parts mixed with water 3 parts, by means of the 
 water-bath percolator. Distill off the Alcohol and evaporate the remainder 
 to a thick extract. This is official in the G. P. The dose is %. to 2 grains. 
 
 1004. Extractum Aconiti — Extract of Aconite Root. — Exhaust Aconite 
 Root with Alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator, distill off the Al- 
 cohol until a thick extract remains, to which add 5 per cent of its weight of 
 Glycerin and mix thoroughly. Official in the U. S. and G. P. Dose ^\ to 
 X grain. 
 
 1005. Extract of Aconite Leaves.— This is official in the Br. P., and is 
 made by bruising the fresh leaves and flowering tops of Aconite, expressing 
 the juice, heating, evaporating, etc., as directed (1002). The dose is % to 
 1 grain. 
 
 It was formerly official in the U. S. P. and was made by exhausting the 
 dried Aconite Leaves with diluted Alcohol, distilling off the Alcohol and evap- 
 orating the residue to a solid extract. 
 
 1006. Extractum Aloes — Extract of Aloes. — Dissolve Aloes 1 part in 
 Water 10 parts, and strain. Set aside for 12 hours, then pour off 
 
 the clear liquid from the residue and evaporate by a current of warm air or 
 by the heat of a water-bath to dryness. The dose is from 2 to 6 grains. 
 
 The V . S. P. calls this Aqueous Extract of Aloes ; the Br. directs an Ex- 
 fcract both of Parbadoes and Socotrine Aloes. 
 
 1007. Extractum Arnicas Radicis — Extract of . Xrnica Root. — Exhaust 
 Arnica Root with Diluted Alcohol, distill off the Alcohol and evaporate the 
 remainder to a thick extract, add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin, and 
 mix thoroughly. 
 
 An Extract of Arnica Flowers is made in the same manner. Extract of 
 Arnica is used in making plasters. 
 
 1008. Extractum Belladonnae Alcoholicum — . //, 0/10/ic Extract of 
 Belladonna. The r. S. P. directs this to be made from Belladonna I 
 while the Br. P. directs the Root to be used ; the following formula will do for 
 cither: Exhaust the Leaves or Root of Belladonna with Alcohol by means of 
 
444 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 the water-bath percolator, distill off the Alcohol until only a soft extract 
 remains, then evaporate to a pilular consistence, add 5 per cent, of its weight 
 of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. Dose ^ to X grain. 
 
 Under the name Extractum Belladonna the Br. P. and G. P. direct Ex- 
 tract of Belladonna to be made from the fresh leaves, by bruising, expres- 
 sing the juice, evaporating, etc., as directed (1002). The same process was 
 official in the 1870 U. S. P. The dose is from X to l grain. 
 
 1009. Extractum Calumbae — Extract of Calumba. — Exhaust Calumba 
 Root with diluted Alcohol, by maceration and pressure with separate por- 
 tions of the menstruum, mix the liquors, distill off the Alcohol, and evaporate 
 the residue to an extract of pilular consistence. The dose is 2 to 10 grains,. 
 Br. P. 
 
 1010. Extractum Cannabis Indicae — Extract of Indian Cannabis. — 
 Exhaust Indian Hemp with Alcohol by water-bath percolation, distill the 
 Alcohol from the percolate until an extract of pilular consistence remains. 
 The dose is X to J grain. 
 
 1011. Extractum Cascarae Sagradae — Extract of Cascar a Sagrada. — 
 This is a new extract of the Br. P., and is made by exhausting the drug first 
 with two parts of diluted Alcohol, then with Water by means of water-bath 
 percolation. The Alcohol is then distilled from the first portion of the per- 
 colate, and the residue, with the remaining percolate, is evaporated to an 
 extract of pilular consistence. Dose from 2 to 8 grains. 
 
 1012. Extractum Cinchona? — Extract of Cinchona, Extract of Bar/:. — 
 Exhaust Yellow Cinchona by means of the water-bath percolator, first with 
 2 parts of an alcoholic or partly alcoholic menstruum, then by continuing the 
 percolation with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the per- 
 colate and evaporate the residue together with the remainder of the percolate 
 to an extract of pilular consistence, add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin 
 and mix thoroughly. The dose is 1 to 5 grains. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs an Aqueous Extract of Cinchona to 
 be made by exhausting the drug with separate portions of water, by macera- 
 tion and expression, evaporation, etc.; also an Alcoholic Extract of Cinchona 
 made with diluted Alcohol in the same manner. 
 
 1013. Extractum Cardui Benedicti — Extract of Blessed Thistle. — 
 Blessed Thistle is exhausted with boiling water, and the liquid strained and 
 evaporated to pilular consistence. The dose is from 3 to 30 grains. G. P. 
 
 1014. Extractum Cascarillae - Extract of Cascarilla. — Exhaust Casca- 
 rilla in No. 40 powder with boiling water, strain the liquid and evaporate to 
 pilular consistence. The dose is 2 to 20 grains. G. P. 
 
 1015. Extractum Calami — Extract of Calamus. — Exhaust Calamus 
 Root in No. 30 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first with 
 diluted Alcohol, then with Water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion 
 of the percolate and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the perco- 
 late to pilular consistence. This is official in the G. P. 
 
EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 445 
 
 1016. Extractum Colchici Radicis — Extract of Colchicwn. — The U. 
 S. P. directs dried Colchicum Root to be used. The Extract may be made 
 by exhausting the root with 35 per cent, of its weight of Acetic Acid and 
 sufficient Water, with repeated maceration and pressure. The mixed liquids 
 are then strained and evaporated at a low temperature to an extract of pilular 
 consistence. 
 
 The Br. P. makes an Acetic Extract of Colchicum from the fresh Corms 
 deprived of their coats and crushed, using about 20 per cent, of their weight 
 of Acetic Acid, macerating, pressing and evaporating to pilular consistence. 
 The dose is y 2 to 2 grains. 
 
 The Br. P. also directs an Extract of Colchicum to be made from the 
 juice of the fresh Colchicum Corms by straining and evaporating at a low 
 temperature. 
 
 1017. Extractum Colocynthidis — Extract of Colocynth. — Exhaust the 
 pulp of Colocynth, deprived of seeds, with diluted Alcohol by maceration 
 with separate portions of the Menstruum and expression. Distill off the 
 Alcohol and evaporate the remainder by means of a water-bath to dryness. 
 The dose is )i to % grain. 
 
 1018. Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum — Compound Extract of 
 Colocyntii — 
 
 Extract of Colocynth 8 ounces. 
 
 Aloes 25 ounces. 
 
 Cardamom in No. 60 powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Resin of Scammony, in fine powder 7 ounces. 
 
 Soap, dried and in coarse powder 7 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 5 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Aloes on a water-bath, then add the Alcohol, and having stirred 
 the mixture thoroughly, strain it through a fine sieve, which has just been 
 dipped into boiling water. To the strained mixture add the Soap, Extract 
 and Resin, and heat the mixture not to exceed 248°F., until it is perfectly 
 homogeneous, and a thread taken from the mass becomes brittle when cool. 
 Then remove from the heat, add the Cardamom, mix thoroughly, and cover. 
 This is much used in making Cathartic Pills. The dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 
 
 1019. Extractum Conii Alcoholicum — . Ucoholic Extract of Conium, 
 — The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Conium (fruit) in No. 40 powder 16 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid yi ounce av. 
 
 rin ami Diluted Alcohol each a sufficient quantity. 
 Exhaust the drug with Diluted Alcohol, distill off the Alcohol, add the 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid to the remainder, and evaporate by heat of water- 
 bath not exceeding [22 I'. to a pilular consistence, to this add 5 per cent, of 
 its weight of Glycerin, and mix thoroughly. 
 
 The Br. P. directs it to be made from the Juice expressed from the bruised 
 young branches and fresh leaves of I lemlock, as direi ted 1 1002). The dose is 
 from 2 to 6 grains. 
 
446 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 1020. Extractum Digitalis — Extract of Digitalis. — Exhaust the Digi- 
 talis by means of a water-bath percolator, first with 4 parts of a menstruum, 
 consisting of % Alcohol, ami continue the percolation with Water. Distill 
 the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate, and evaporate the remain- 
 der with the aqueous percolate to the consistence of an Extract. To this 
 add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin, and mix thoroughly. The dose is 
 from % to 3 grains. 
 
 1021. Extractum Ergotae — Extract of Ergot. — The U. S. P. directs 
 this to be made by evaporating Fluid Extract of Ergot to the consistence of 
 a semi-solid extract by means of a water-bath at a temperature not exceed- 
 ing I22°F. 
 
 Ergotin is purified Extract of Ergot, made by evaporating 4 fl. ounces of 
 Fluid Extract of Ergot by a water-bath to a syrupy consistence, and when 
 cold mixing with 4 fl. ounces of Alcohol. After standing half an hour the 
 alcoholic solution is filtered, and the filtered liquid evaporated to the consist- 
 ence of a soft extract. This is usually called Bonjean's Ergotin. The dose 
 is 2 to 5 grains. In solution it is used for hypodermic injections. 
 
 1022. Extractum Euonymi — Extract of Enonymus ( Wahod). — Exhaust 
 Wahoo Bark with diluted Alcohol. Distill off the Alcohol, evaporate the 
 remainder to the consistence of a solid extract, add 5 per cent, of its weight 
 of Glycerin, and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 1023. Extractum Ferri Pomatum — Ferrated Extract of Apples — 
 (Aepfclsai/rcs Eisc/icxtracf). — This is official in the G. P., and is made from 
 Sour Apples, 50 parts converted to a pulp and expressed. To the expressed 
 juice is added powdered Iron 1 part. The mixture is then heated on a water- 
 bath as long as gas is evolved. The liquid is then diluted with 50 parts of 
 Water and set aside. After several days it is filtered, and the filtrate evap- 
 orated to a thick extract. This is much prescribed among the Germans. 
 
 1024. Extractum Gelsemium Alcoholicum — Alcoholic Extract of ' Gel- 
 semium. — Gelsemium in fine powder is exhausted first with Alcohol 4 parts, 
 and the percolation then continued with Water. The Alcohol is distilled from 
 the first percolate until it is reduced to a soft extract, the aqueous percolate 
 is then evaporated and mixed with the soft extract, and the whole is reduced 
 to a pilular consistence. The dose is yi to 2 grains. 
 
 1025. Extractum Gentians — Extract of Gentian. — Gentian Root in 
 very coarse powder is macerated in successive portions of boiling water, 
 expressed, and the mixed liquids evaporated to a pilular consistence. The 
 dose is from 2 to 10 grains. 
 
 1026. Extractum Glycyrrhizae Pura — Ptire Extract of Liquorice. Ex- 
 haust Liquorice Root in coarse powder first with water in which 12 per cent, 
 of the weight of the root of Water of Ammonia has been added, then with 
 water until no more strength is perceptible. Heat the liquids obtained to 
 boiling, then strain and evaporate by a water-bath to a solid extract. 
 
EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 447 
 
 Crude or common Extract of Liquorice is made by exhausting Liquorice 
 with water and evaporating to an extract. 
 
 1027. Extractum Haematoxyli — Extract of Logwood. — Exhaust Log- 
 wood with hot water, boil, strain, and evaporate the liquid to a solid extract. 
 Dose 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 1028. Extractum Hyoscyami Alcoholicum — Alcoholic Extract of Hy- 
 
 oscyamus. The U. S. P. directs recently dried Hyoscyamus leaves, which 
 may be exhausted by means of the water-bath percolator by percolating first 
 with 4 parts of a menstruum of two-thirds Alcohol and then with Water. 
 The Alcohol is distilled from the first portion of the percolate and the residue 
 together with the aqueous percolate evaporated by water-bath to pilular con- 
 sistence. The dose is 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 The Br. P. directs the juice of the fresh leaves to be obtained by bruising 
 them and pressure, and evaporated, strained, etc., in the same manner as is 
 directed (1002). 
 
 1029. Extractum Helenii — Extract of Inula {Elecampane). — Exhaust 
 Inula in No. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first 
 with Diluted Alcohol, then with water, distill the Alcohol from the first por- 
 tion of the percolate and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the 
 percolate by water-bath, to pilular consistence. The dose is from 2 to 15 
 grains. This is official in the G. P. 
 
 1030. Extractum Iridis — Extract of Iris {Blue Flag). — Exhaust the 
 drug by water-bath percolation, first with Alcohol 4 parts, and then by per- 
 colating with Diluted Alcohol. Distill off most of the Alcohol and evaporate 
 the residue by means of a water-bath to pilular consistence. The dose is %. 
 to 1 grain. U". S. 
 
 1031. Extractum Jaborandi — Extract of Jaborandi. — Percolate the 
 drug in the water-bath percolator first with Alcohol 4 parts and then with 
 
 until exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from the first percolate until 
 only a soft extract remains, evaporate the aqueous percolate and, having 
 mixed the extracts thus obtained, reduce them to pilular consistence. The 
 dose is 2 to to grains. This extract is official in the Br. P. 
 
 1032. Extractum Jalapa— Extract of Jalap. — Exhaust Jalap by means 
 of water- bait 1 percolation first with 4 times its weight of Alcohol and then 
 with Water, distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate until 
 only a soft extracl remains, then evaporate the aqueous percolate, and having 
 
 the two extracts thus obtained reduce them to pilular consistence. 
 'I he dose is from 5 to 15 -rains. This extract is official in the Br. I'. 
 
 1033. Extractum Juglandis — Extrac t of Juglans {Butternut Bark). — 
 Exhaust the Bark of Butternul Root with Alcohol by means of water-bath 
 
 ion, Distill off the Alcohol until the residue is reduced to a pilular 
 consistence; to this add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin and mix thor- 
 oughly. The dose is 2 to 10 grains. 
 
448 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 1034. Extractum Krameriae — Extract of Rhatany. — Exhaust the Rha- 
 tany Root by percolating in the water-bath percolater with hot water. Heat 
 the percolate to boiling, strain and evaporate by a water-bath at a tempera- 
 ture not exceeding 158 F. to dryness. The dose is from 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 1035. Extractum Lactucae — Extract of Lettuce. — The Br. P. directs 
 this to be made from the fresh flowering herb of Lettuce, by bruising, ex- 
 pressing the juice and evaporating, treating in the same manner as is directed 
 ( 1002). The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. 
 
 1036. Extractum Leptandrae — {Extract of Leptandra Cu/vcrs Root). — 
 Exhaust Leptandra by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first with a 
 menstruum of two thirds Alcohol and then with water. Distill the Alcohol 
 from the first portion of the percolate and evaporate the residue together 
 with the aqueous percolate, by means of a water-bath to a pilular consistence, 
 to this add 5 per cent, of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The dose is 2 to 10 
 grains. 
 
 1037. Extractum Lupuli — Extract of Hop. — The hops are first perco- 
 lated in the water-bath percolator with Alcohol, 4 parts, and then with water 
 until exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate 
 and evaporate the aqueous percolate to a soft extract, mix the two extracts, 
 and evaporate to a pilular consistence. The dose is 5 to 1 5 grains. This is 
 official in the Br. P. 
 
 1038. Extractum Malti — Extract of Malt. — Exhaust coarsely ground 
 Malt in a water-bath percolator with water heated to about 6o°C. (i40°F.) and 
 as the percolate is received evaporate it by the heat of a water-bath not exceed- 
 ing 6o°C. (i40°F.) until it is reduced to the consistence of a thick syrup. It is 
 necessary in making this preparation to begin the evaporation at once as the 
 percolate is received, and to continue it at a temperature as uniform as pos- 
 sible until it is evaporated to the proper consistence, for upon this depends 
 the preservation of the Diastase which is its important constituent. Extract 
 of Malt is combined with many other preparations, which may be added to 
 it in concentrated form. These combinations will be noticed under the head- 
 ing Maltum, which see. 
 
 1039. Extractum Mezerei — Extract of Mezereum. — The U. S. P. 
 directs an Alcoholic Extract, which may be prepared by exhausting Mezereum 
 Bark in No. 30 powder, with Alcohol, by means of the water-bath perco- 
 lator, and then distilling the Alcohol from the percolate until only a soft extract 
 remains, and evaporating this by a water-bath to pilular consistence. 
 
 The Br. P. directs an Ethereal Extract of Mezereon to be prepared in a 
 similar manner as the above, but after being thus prepared, to dissolve the 
 Extract in Ether and macerate with occasional agitation for 24 hours, then to 
 decant the etherial solution, recover part of the Ether by distillation, and 
 evaporate the remaining liquid to a soft extract. 
 
 1040. Extractum Nucis Vomicae — Extract of Nux Vomica. — Exhaust 
 rasped or powdered Nux Vomica by percolating in the water-bath percolator 
 
EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 449 
 
 with a menstruum composed of 8 parts of Alcohol to i part of water. Distill 
 off the Alcohol and evaporate the residue, by a water-bath, to a pilular con- 
 sistence. 
 
 The Br. P. directs an assayed Extract of Nux Vomica to be made which 
 shall contain 15 per cent, of the total alkaloid. The dose is from % to 2 
 grains. 
 
 The G. P. directs the Nux Vomica to be exhausted by digesting with 
 diluted Alcohol, and the liquors to be evaporated to a dry extract. 
 
 1041. Extractum Opii — Extract of Opium. — Exhaust Opium by first 
 macerating with boiling Water, until it is reduced to a pulp, then percolating 
 with hot water in the water-bath percolator. Evaporate the percolate, strain 
 and continue the evaporation until reduced to an extract, to which add 5 per 
 cent, of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The extract should contain about 20 
 per cent, of Morphine. The dose is l /i to 2 grains. 
 
 1042. Extractum Papaveris — Extract of Poppy. — Exhaust Poppy Cap- 
 sules, freed from their seeds and in No. 20 powder, with successive portions 
 of boiling water. Evaporate the liquors by a water-bath to a pint for each 
 pound of the capsules used, to this add 2 fl. ounces of Alcohol, allow to stand 
 24 hours, then filter and evaporate the filtered liquid to pilular consistence. 
 The dose is 2 to 5 grains. Br. P. 
 
 1043. Extractum Pareirae — Extract of Pareira. — Exhaust Pareira 
 Root in Xo. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator with boil- 
 ing Water, and evaporate the percolate by a water-bath to pilular consistence. 
 The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. Br. P. 
 
 1044. Extractum Physostigmatis — Extract of Pkysostigma (Calabar 
 Bean).— Exhaust Calabar Bean in No. 40 powder with Alcohol, by means 
 of the water-bath percolator, and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 
 the consistence of a pilular extract. The dose is ,',; to J grain. 
 
 1045. Extractum Podophylli — Extract of Podophyllum [Mandrake). 
 — Exhaust Mandrake Root in No. 60 powder by percolating in a water-bath 
 percolator first with a menstruum of 75 per cent. Alcohol, then with Water. 
 Distill off the Alcohol from the first percolate and evaporate the residue with 
 the remaining percolate to pilular consistence. The dose is ^ to 2 grains. 
 
 1046. Extractum Quassiae Extract of Quassia. — Exhaust Ouassia 
 by means of a water-bath percolator with boiling Water, and evaporate the 
 percolate by a water-bath to pilular consistence, to this add 5 per cent, of 
 its weight of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The dose is from 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 1047. Extractum Rhamni Frangulae — Exit -act of Frangula or Buck- 
 tkorn Bark. — Exhaust Buckthorn Hark in No. 40 powder by percolating in 
 a water-bath percolator, first with Diluted Alcohol and then with Water. 
 Distill the Alcohol from the first portion <>i the percolate and evaporate the 
 residue together with the remaining percolate to pilular consistence. Dose, 
 10 to 60 grains. 
 
450 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 
 
 1048. Extractum Rhei — Extract of Rhubarb. — Exhaust Rhubarb in 
 No. 30 powder by percolating in a water-bath percolator first with Diluted 
 Alcohol and then with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of 
 the percolate and evaporate the residue together with the remainder of the 
 percolate by a water-bath, at a temperature not exceeding 70° C. (1 58 F.) 
 to pilular consistence. The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. This may also be 
 prepared by macerating with successive portions of Water and pressure, 
 then evaporating the liquids as above. 
 
 1049. Extractum Rhei Compositum — Compo unci Extract of Rhubarb. 
 — This is made according to the G. P. from — 
 
 Extract of Rhubarb, 30 parts. 
 
 Extract of Aloes 10 parts. 
 
 Resin of Jalap, 5 parts. 
 
 Medicinal Soap 20 parts. 
 
 Rub them together, and, having moistened the mixture with Diluted Alco- 
 hol, evaporate to a dry extract by means of a steam-bath. 
 
 1050. Extractum Sabinae — Extract of Savine. — Exhaust Savine with 
 Diluted Alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator. Distill off the Alco- 
 hol and evaporate the percolate, by a water-bath, to a thick extract. The dose 
 is 2 to 15 grains. G. P. 
 
 1051. Extractum Scillae — Extract of Squill. — Macerate Squill with 
 separate portions of Diluted Alcohol and express. Mix the liquids, distill off 
 the Alcohol, and evaporate the residue to a thick extract. The dose is )/ 2 to 
 2 grains. G. P. 
 
 1052. Extractum Stramonii — Extract of Stramonium. — Exhaust Stra- 
 monium Seed in No. 40 powder with diluted alcohol by percolating in the 
 water-bath percolator. Distill the Alcohol from the percolate and evaporate 
 the residue at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. ( 1 22°F.) by means of a water- 
 bath to a pilular consistence. The dose is % to % grain. 
 
 1053. Extractum Taraxaci — Extract of Dandelion. — Fresh Dandelion 
 Root, gathered in September, is cut fine, crushed in a mortar until reduced to 
 a pulp, a little water added, and the juice expressed and allowed to deposit. 
 It is then strained and heated to boiling, strained again and evaporated to 
 pilular consistence. The dose is from 5 to 30 grains. 
 
 1054. Extractum Trifolii Fibrini — Extract of Buckbean. — Exhaust 
 Buckbean with boiling water, strain and evaporate the liquid to a thick 
 extract. This is official in the G. P. 
 
 1055. Extractum Tritici — Extract of Couch Grass. — Exhaust Triticum 
 with boiling water, strain and evaporate the liquid to a thick extract. This 
 is official in the G. P. under the name Extraction Graminis. 
 
 1056. Extractum Valerianae — Extract of Valerian. — Exhaust Vale- 
 rian Root in No. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator with 
 
EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED EXTRACTS. 451 
 
 75 per cent. Alcohol, then with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first por- 
 tion of the percolate, and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the 
 percolate, by water-bath, at a temperature not exceeding 5o°C. (i22°F.) to a 
 pilular consistence. Dose 2 to 20 grains. Although this extract is not official, 
 it is more frequently used than many of those which are. 
 
 1057. Other Extracts. 
 
 The foregoing Extracts, official in the U. S., Br. and German Pharmaco- 
 poeias are all that are usually required. But a great number are quoted by 
 manufacturing houses, and may be made by druggists in the same general 
 manner as is directed for the Official Extracts, by using for exhausting the 
 drug the same menstruum as is directed for making a fluid extract of the 
 drug. 
 
 EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED 
 EXTRACTS. 
 
 In American Pharmacy only two or three Distilled Extracts 
 are known, and none are official ; but from the favor with which 
 Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel has been received, it is evi- 
 dent that many such Distilled Extracts might with advantage 
 be made. In French Pharmacy under the name Alcoolats quite 
 a large number of preparations made by distilling aromatic 
 substances with a spiritous medium are known, and several of 
 them are official. 
 
 All drugs whose valuable medicinal properties are volatilized 
 by the heat of boiling alcohol or water, and do not consist of 
 essential oils which rise to the surface when cool, may be rep- 
 resented in the form of Distilled Extracts. 
 
 For making these Extracts the steam still, by which steam 
 ma)- be forced tli rough the substances, is the best ; but for 
 pharmaceutical use they may be distilled with the low shape 
 still described on page 26 in the same manner as is directed on 
 •; for distilling medicated waters from leaves, etc. A 
 Wire-cloth basket should be suspended in the boiler in which 
 the drugs should be placed to preserve the drug from too 
 close contact with the heat. 
 
4.V2 EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED EXTRACTS. 
 
 A few formulas only are given as samples from which the 
 druggist ma}- make any desired extract : 
 
 1058. Extractum Hamamelidis Destillatum. 
 
 Distilled Extract Witch Hazel. 
 
 Witch Hazel Leaves, fresh 2 pounds aw 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Bruise the leaves in a mortar, pour the Alcohol upon them; put them in 
 the still without the water-bath, add the Water and distill 2 pints. This 
 may also be made by distilling with Water alone and then adding to the dis- 
 tillate 25 per cent, of Alcohol. 
 
 Distilled Extract of Horseradish, Scurvy Grass, Mustard, Nasturtium, 
 Smartweed, and all other substances possessing like volatile principles, may 
 be made in a similar manner. 
 
 1059. Extractum Buchu Destillatum. 
 
 Distilled Extract Buchu. 
 
 Buchu Leaves 1 pound av. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Moisten the Buchu leaves with the Alcohol and put them in the still with- 
 out the water-bath, add the water and distill 2 pints. A great variety of 
 similar aromatic dry substances may be treated in the same manner. 
 
 1060. Extractum Pruni Virginianse Distillatum. 
 
 Distilled Extract Wild C Vierry. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, of root, fresh 2 pounds av. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Bruise the bark, pour the Alcohol upon it and put in the still without the 
 water-bath, pour the water upon it and distill 2 pints. This may also be 
 made from the dry bark 1 pound, Alcohol 8 ounces, Water 1 gallon, and 
 distill 2 pints, in the same manner as Extract Buchu. 
 
 Other extracts of similar substances, whose virtues consist of volatile prin- 
 ciples, may be made in the same manner. 
 
 Alcoolats or Alcoholates. 
 
 These are extracts made in a similar manner, but with a 
 much larger proportion of Alcohol. Many substances con- 
 
EXTRACTA DESTILLATA. EXTRACTA FLUIDA. 453 
 
 taining essential oils are distilled with alcohol and represented 
 in this manner. When made from the Oils they would be 
 classed as spirits. The following formulae are examples. In 
 French Pharmacy they are variously called Esprit or Eau 
 without reference to their Alcoholic strength or composition : 
 
 1061. Alcoolat d'Absinthe. — Fresh leaves and tops of Wormwood 1,000 
 parts, Alcohol 80 per cent., 4,000 parts, distilled Wormwood water 1,000 
 parts. Let them macerate for 4 days, then distill by a salt water-bath, 2,500 
 parts. Alcoolats of Sweet Basil, Hysop, Lavender, Marjorum, Balm, Pep- 
 permint, Spearmint, Sage, Thyme and other similar fresh substances are 
 prepared in the same manner. 
 
 1062. Alcoolat d'Anis. — Aniseed 1 part, Alcohol 56 per cent., 5 parts, 
 Let them macerate for two days then distill until all the Alcohol used is re- 
 covered. Alcoolats of Caraway, Coriander, Fennel, Spice and other similar 
 substances are prepared in this manner. 
 
 1063. Alcoolat de Cannelle (Cinnamon). — Cinnamon Bark ground fine 
 1 part, Alcohol 80 per cent., 5 parts. Let macerate 4 days then distill until 
 all the Alcohol used is recovered. Alcoolats of Angelica, Calamus, Mace, 
 Sassafras. Cloves, and a great variety of other strong aromatic substances 
 are made in a similar manner. 
 
 The foregoing formula: will be sufficient to show the general method of 
 making the Alcoolats of French Pharmacy. Many more are known and 
 used, but they are seldom called for in this country, and generally the simple 
 spirits or essences of the substances will do when simple Alcoolats are 
 desired ; of the compound Alcoolats so few are used here that it seems 
 unnecessary to give their formulas. 
 
 EXTRACTA FLUIDA FLUID 
 EXTRACTS. 
 
 Fluid extracts arc of American origin, and our Pharma- 
 copoeia is tin- only one which recognizes preparations by this 
 i), line Tin: British Pharmacopoeia has a few " Liquid Ex- 
 tracts," some of which are similar to Fluid Extracts, bu1 this 
 clas-, of preparations may he claimed as distinctly .American. 
 
 Fluid Extracts aim to represent tin- entire soluble medicinal 
 constituents of a certain weight of drug in an equivalent fluid 
 
454 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 measure. As such, they are the most convenient of the 
 galenicals, for they may be used in place of the drugs them- 
 selves in making many preparations extemporaneously that 
 would otherwise require considerable time to prepare. They 
 are also very convenient to prescribe, as the dose is the same 
 as of the powdered drug or substances from which they are 
 prepared. 
 
 Since the introduction of Fluid Extracts, some forty years 
 ago, many methods for making them have been proposed, all 
 having in view the same object, viz.: To represent the entire 
 medicinal value of a specified weight of the drug in an equiva- 
 lent quantity of Fluid Extract. While in main, this may 
 readily be done, yet it must be borne in mind that the entire 
 medicinal value of some drugs cannot be held in solution in an 
 equivalent fluidmeasure of Fluid Extract, by the menstruums 
 usually employed for making them. 
 
 A brief description of the principal methods which have 
 heretofore been employed for making Fluid Extracts, is given 
 for the convenience of our readers, but the process of water- 
 bath percolation presents great advantages over any other, 
 and is therefore employed in the formulae for the preparations. 
 It is, in fact, the only process by which first-class fluid extracts 
 can be made economically, in a small way, by druggists. 
 
 The value of a fluid extract depends upon the amount of 
 active medicinal agent that it contains, and the formulae given 
 are designed to best secure that end, without producing prep- 
 arations loaded with inert and worthless extractive matter as 
 is often the case with those furnished by manufacturers. 
 
 The formulas are each calculated to make a pint of fluid 
 extract, but larger quantities may be made somewhat more 
 advantageously. 
 
 In making large quantities it may not be necessary to con- 
 tinue the heat so long as is directed, as the water-bath will 
 retain its heat for some time, when once heated. 
 
 When Fluid Extracts are used for making Tinctures, Infu- 
 sions, Syrups, etc., fluidmeasure equivalent to the weight of 
 the drug, or drugs directed, may be used. Solid extracts may 
 be made from nearly all the fluid extracts by evaporating 
 them to the proper pilular consistence. 
 
EXTRACTA FLU IDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 455 
 
 The following are the principal popular methods that have 
 been employed or directed for making fluid extracts : 
 
 1064. U. S. 1870 Process. 
 
 "The quantity of powdered material directed to be used is 16 troyounces. 
 This powder is to be moistened with a specified quantity of menstruum, and 
 properly packed in a suitable percolator. The surface of the powder is then 
 to be covered with a disc of paper, and the remaining portion of 16 fluid- 
 ounces of menstruum is to be poured upon it. When the liquid begins to 
 drop from the percolator, close the lower orifice with a cork, and, having 
 closely covered the percolator to prevent evaporation, set it aside in a 
 moderately warm place for four days. 
 
 " The cork is then to be removed, more menstruum is to be gradually 
 poured on, and the percolation continued until 24 fluidounces have been ob- 
 tained. Of these, the first 14 fluidounces are to be reserved, and the 
 remainder having been carefully evaporated to two fluidounces, is to be 
 mixed with the reserved portion, and filtered through paper if necessary." 
 
 The quantity of drug directed in the 1870 formulas is about 5 per cent, 
 more than the equivalent fluid measure of the fluid extract obtained, the 
 difference being the same as between troyweight and fluid measure. 
 
 1065. U. S. 1880 Process. 
 
 No general formula is given in the 1880 Pharmacopoeia for making fluid 
 extracts, each drug having a detailed formula for itself ; but from them the 
 following general formula may be deduced: 
 
 100 grammes of the powdered material directed to be used are moistened 
 with from 30 to 50 grammes of menstruum (according to the nature of the 
 drug;, and properly packed in a suitable percolator; enough menstruum is then 
 added to saturate the powder, and leave a stratum above it. When the 
 liquid begins to drop from the percolator, the lower orifice is closed, the per- 
 colator covered, and its contents allowed to macerate for 48 hours. The 
 stopper is then loosened, and the percolation allowed to proceed gradually, 
 adding first the remainder of 100 grammes of the menstruum, which has 
 not previously been used, and then more menstruum, as is directed in the 
 formula until the drug is exhausted. The first 85 cubic centimetres of the 
 percolate received are reserved and, by means of a water-bath and still the 
 Alcohol is recovered from the remainder, and the residue evaporated to a soft 
 extract ; this soft extract is then dissolved in the reserved portion, and 
 enough menstruum (as is directed in the formula) added to make the fluid 
 extra* t measure 100 cubic centimetres. 
 
 Fluid extracts made by this process r< present the medicinal value of a 
 gramme of a drug in a cubic centimetre, therefore the weight of the drug 
 and fluid measure of the fluid extract are equivalent. 
 
456 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 1066. Repercolation Process. 
 
 The following is an abstract of Squibb's method of Fractional or Reper- 
 colation. This process is probably the best cold process in use, but it is too 
 tedious to be generally employed by druggists ; some skill and experience are 
 required to use it successfully : 
 
 To make 3 pints of a fluid extract take of 
 
 The required drug, or drugs, in powder as directed, 50 ounces av. 
 The required menstruum as directed, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 First. — Take )■< of the powder (16% ounces avoir.) and 3 pints of the 
 menstruum required. Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of 
 the menstruum, pack it properly in a suitable percolator, pour upon it suf- 
 ficient menstruum to saturate the drug and leave a stratum above it, and 
 when the percolate begins to drop, close the lower orifice and allow to 
 macerate from two or three days ; then begin to percolate, adding the 
 remainder of the menstruum (and more if necessary) to the powder, con- 
 tinuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted, receiving the percolate as 
 it passes in the following manner : 
 
 Reserve the first 12 fl. ounces mark a. 
 
 the next 6 fl. ounces mark b. 
 
 the next 8 fl. ounces mark c. 
 
 the remainder of the percolate, mark d. 
 
 The last portion, d, is a variable quantity, but should be from 20 to 30 
 rl.ounces. With some drugs this may be forced through by adding water 
 through the percolator, while with others the same menstruum must be used 
 throughout. 
 
 Second. — Take yi more of the powder (165^ ounces avoir.) as before, 
 moisten it with the portion of percolate marked b, pack as before, pour upon 
 it the percolate marked c, and afterward sufficient of the percolate marked 
 d and sufficient fresh menstruum to exhaust the drug, receiving the percolate 
 as follows . 
 
 Reserve the first 16 fl. ounces mark e. 
 
 the next 6 fl. ounces mark/". 
 
 the next 8 fl. ounces, mark £-. 
 
 the remainder of the percolate, mark h. 
 
 The last portion, h, is a variable quantity, but should be from 16 to 20 
 rl.ounces. With some drugs it may be forced out with water, while with 
 others the same menstruum should be used throughout. 
 
 Third. — Take the remaining '/$ i l ^> z A ounces avoir.) of the powder; 
 moisten it with the portion marked /, pack as before, pour upon it the 
 portion marked g, and afterward sufficient of the percolate marked // to 
 saturate the powder and leave a stratum above; allow to macerate and 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 457 
 
 percolate as before, adding the remainder of the percolate marked // and 
 sufficient fresh menstruum to exhaust the drug, receiving the percolate as 
 follows : 
 
 Reserve the first 20 fl. ounces mark /. 
 
 the remainder of the percolate, mark j. 
 
 Lastly. — Mix the reserved portions, a, e and i, which constitute the fluid 
 extract and reserve the last portion j, to moisten and percolate the next 
 batch of drugs to be made into fluid extract of the same kind, marking it 
 repercolate of the drug or drugs from which the fluid extract was prepared. 
 
 1067. Pressure Process. 
 
 The following is an abstract of N. Spencer Thomas's method of extracting 
 the strength of drugs by maceration and pressure : 
 
 Although this process does not entirely exhaust the medicinal strength of 
 the drugs, it produces better extracts than most that are in the market. 
 
 First. — Take 16^ ounces avoir, of the drug, of the proper fineness, and 
 menstruum sufficient. Moisten the drug with from 8 to 12 fl. ounces of 
 the menstruum (according to the nature of the drug), and set aside in a wide- 
 mouth jar, or suitable covered vessel. Allow to stand four days, then press 
 out as much as possible with a tincture press, and reserve the product. 
 
 Second. — Moisten the same drug, as before, with from 6 to 8 ounces of 
 the menstruum. Allow to stand, and press out as before, adding the product 
 to the portion before reserved. 
 
 Third. — Repeat the second operation, adding the product to the portions 
 before reserved. 
 
 Fourth. — Repeat the second operation, but so regulate the last amount of 
 menstruum added as to make 1 pint of the fluid extract when added to the 
 portions before reserved. Filter, if necessary. 
 
 When this process is employed the drugs should be inclosed in a coarse, 
 canvas cloth or bag before putting in the press. The pressure should be 
 gradual and long continued, that the moisture may be as nearly as possible 
 extracted from the drugs. A 1 -gallon tincture press will answer very well 
 for making from 1 to 3 pounds of fluid extract. 
 
 Combination Process — Repercolation and Pressure. — A combination 
 of the Repercolation and Pressure process is used by some manufacturers. 
 The percolation is conducted the same as is directed for repercolation, 
 except that the last portions, d, h and /, are obtained by pressure instead of 
 by percolation. It is more economical than repercolation alone, as there is 
 no loss of menstruum in the last part of the percolations, which is quite an 
 important item of the expense of the Fluid Kxtracts. 
 
458 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 1068. Fluid Extracts by Water-Bath Perco- 
 lation. 
 
 To give a detailed formula for every Fluid Extract which is 
 made or known on the market, would require a large volume, 
 and, indeed, it is unnecessary, for they may be classed accord- 
 ing to the nature of the drug employed, and a few formulas 
 will represent them all, it being necessary only to insert the 
 name of the drug in the specified formula to adapt it to the 
 particular Fluid Extract being made. 
 
 The drugs from which Fluid Extracts are made are there- 
 fore divided as far as is practicable into Classes, and a general 
 formula given which is suited to the nature of the drugs in 
 each Class. The formulae given are by water-bath percolation, 
 which, as previously explained, is considered the best process 
 for making Fluid Extracts. Other processes, however, maybe 
 employed by using the menstruum designated for the drug, 
 and proceeding as is directed in the process. 
 
 Full detailed formulae for all the official Fluid Extracts will 
 be found in Fenner's Working Formul/E. 
 
 Fluid Extracts, Class A. 
 
 In this class are included all Fluid Extracts made from 
 drugs requiring Alcohol as a menstruum, except such as require 
 special treatment or manipulation. To complete the formula 
 for any Fluid Extract in this class, put the name of the drug 
 and the fineness of the powder in the following 
 
 1069. General Formula. 
 
 The Drug in No. powder, . . . 16 f< ounces av. 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of Alcohol, 
 pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it enough 
 Alcohol to saturate and cover the drug and set in a warm 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — -FLUID EXTRACTS. 459 
 
 place for two days ; then heat very moderately, and after one 
 hour begin to percolate slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug, 
 and continuing the heat and percolation until 14 fl. ounces have 
 passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat and continue the 
 percolation with Alcohol until the drug is exhausted. Distill 
 the Alcohol from this last portion of the percolate until only 
 2 fl. ounces remain, which add to the reserved portion to make 
 a pint of the Fluid Extract. Lastly, after standing a few days 
 filter through paper or muslin, adding enough Alcohol through 
 the filter to make the measure a pint. If Glycerin is directed 
 to be used it should be added to the first portion of the 
 menstruum used. 
 
 The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
 recovered by distillation. 
 
 The star ( * ) before a formula denotes that a Fluid Extract 
 is also made from the green plant. See Green Plant Fluid 
 Extracts. 
 
 U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts made 
 with Alcohol in accordance with this formula: 
 
 1070. Extractum Aconiti Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Aconite. — 
 Aconite Root in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed O069), and add 30 grains Tartaric Acid to a pint. 
 
 1071. Extractum Aromaticum Fluidum — Aromatic Fluid Extract. — 
 Aromatic powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1072. Extractum Belladonna Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Belladonna 
 
 Root. — Belladonna Root in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid ex- 
 tract as directed (1069). For Fluid Extract Belladonna Leaves see Class C. 
 
 1073. Extractum Brayerae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Kousso. — 
 Kousso Flowers in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed ( 10691. 
 
 1074. Extractum Calami Fluidum — Fluid Extract of ( alamus (Sweet 
 Flag), -Calamus in No. 50 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 
 llllr. ted I I069). 
 
 1075. Extractum Cannabis Indicae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Indian 
 Cannabis or Indian Hemp. — Cannabis in No. 20 powder — Alcohol. Make 
 a fluid extract as directed 1 1 069). 
 
460 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 1076. Extractum Capsici Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Capsicum 
 {Cayenne Pepper). — Capsicum in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed ( 1069). 
 
 1077. * Extractum Cimicifugae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cimici- 
 fuga {Black Cohosh). — Cimicifuga in No. 50 powder — Alcohol. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 The British Liquid Extract of Cimicifuga is identical with this. 
 
 1078. Extractum Cubebae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cubeb. — Cubeb 
 in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1079. * Extractum Cypripedii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cypri- 
 pedium {American Valerine, Nervine). — Cypripedium in No. 60 powder — 
 Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1080. * Extractum Gelsemii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Gelsemium 
 {Yelhtu /asmino. — Gelsemium in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1081. * Extractum Gossypii Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of 
 Cotton Root. — Gossypium (Cotton Root Bark) in No. 30 powder, 16^ 
 ounces av., Glycerin 4^ ft ounces, Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Percolate 
 first with the mixed Glycerin and Alcohol, then with Alcohol as directed 
 (1069). 
 
 1082. Extractum Lupulinae Fluidum —Fluid Extract of Lupulin.— 
 Lupulin — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1083. Extractum Mezerii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Mezereum 
 (Mezereon). — Mezereum in No. 30 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract 
 as directed (1069). 
 
 1084. Extractum Sabinae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Savin. — Savin 
 (tops) in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed 
 (1069). 
 
 1085. Extractum Sanguinariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Sangut- 
 naria 1 Bloodrooi). — Sanguinaria in No. 50 powder — -Alcohol. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1086. Extractum Scillae Fluidum— Fluid Extract of Squill. — Squill in 
 No. 20 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1087. -'Extractum Veratri Viridis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of I'era- 
 trum I'iridc {American Hellebore). — Veratrum Viride in No. 60 powder — 
 Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1088. Extractum Xanthoxyli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Xanthoxy- 
 luni {Prickly Ash). — Xanthoxylum (Prickly Ash) in No. 40 powder — 
 Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ([069). 
 
 1089. Extractum Zingiberis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ginger. — 
 Ginger in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed 
 (1069). 
 
EXTRACTA FLITDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 461 
 
 Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 
 Alcohol as a menstruum for preparing them, and are made in 
 the same manner as directed (i< 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS A. 
 
 LATIV NAME. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 IO9O 
 IO9I 
 IO92 
 IO93 
 IO94 
 IO95 
 1096 
 IO97 
 IO9S 
 IO99 
 1 1 OO 
 IIOI 
 
 1 102 
 1103 
 1104 
 
 1 105 
 
 1 106 
 
 1 107 
 110S 
 
 1 109 
 
 1 1 10 
 in 1 
 1 1 12 
 1113 
 1114 
 1115 
 1 1 16 
 1.17 
 1118 
 
 UK; 
 1 1 20 
 I 121 
 1122 
 1123 
 I I24 
 1125 
 
 I [26 
 
 I I 27 
 1 1 28 
 I I2<; 
 ll/. 
 1131 
 1132 
 1133 
 
 Acta-a alba 
 
 Acta-a rubra 
 
 Agaricus albus 
 
 Akasga 
 
 Alkanna (Anchusa) 
 
 Alstonia constricta 
 
 Alstonia scholaris 
 
 Angelica officinalis 
 
 Apium graveolens 
 
 Asarum Canadense 
 
 Asclepias cornuti 
 
 Asclepias incarnata 
 
 *Asclepias tuberosa 
 
 Aspidium (Filix Mas). . . . 
 
 A vena Sativa 
 
 Azederach (melia A.). . . . 
 *Baptisia tinctoria 
 
 Boldus (Peumus B.) 
 
 Boletus Laricis 
 
 Bryonia alba 
 
 Canella alba 
 
 *Cannabis sativa 
 
 Cantharis vesicatoria. . . . 
 
 Capsella, B'a pastoris . . . 
 
 Cardamomum 
 
 Carophyllus 
 
 *Cereus 
 
 Chenopodium 
 
 Cinnamomum 
 
 Cocculus Indicus 
 
 Convallaria Majalis 
 
 Coriandrum 
 
 Curcuma longa 
 
 Delphinum consolida. . . . 
 
 Delphioum Staphisagria. 
 
 Dioscorea villoma 
 
 Dipterix odorata 
 
 Dita (Alst'a scholaris). . . 
 
 1 frosera 
 
 Drimys Winteria 
 
 Erechthites hieracif'a. . . . 
 
 Icnse 
 
 • : Eriodictyon 
 
 •Euphorbia corollata 
 
 White Cohosh 
 
 Baneberry, red 
 
 White Agaric 
 
 Boundon, Ikaju, Quai. . 
 
 Alkanet 
 
 Australian Bitter Bark. . 
 
 Dita Bark 
 
 Angelica 
 
 Celery 
 
 Canada Snakeroot 
 
 Silkweed 
 
 White Indian Hemp. . . . 
 Pleurisy, or White Root. 
 
 Male Fern 
 
 Common Oats 
 
 Bride of India or China. . 
 
 Wild Indigo 
 
 Boldo 
 
 Agaric 
 
 Bryony, White 
 
 Canella 
 
 American Hemp 
 
 Cantharides 
 
 Shepherd's Purse 
 
 Cardamom 
 
 Cloves 
 
 Cactus 
 
 Wormseed 
 
 Cassia or Cinnamon. . . . 
 
 Fish lorries 
 
 Lily of the Valley 
 
 Coriander 
 
 Turmeric 
 
 Larkspur 
 
 Stavesacre 
 
 Wild Nam 
 
 Tonka, Tonqua.orT. Bean 
 
 Dita Bark 
 
 Sundew 
 
 Winter's Bark 
 
 Fireweed 
 
 » lanada Fleabane 
 
 Verba Santa 
 
 Large Flowering Spurge 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Root I 60 
 
 Fungus .... 40 
 
 Root j 60 
 
 Root , 50 
 
 Bark '• 60 
 
 Bark j 60 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Seed j 60 
 
 Root I 60 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Rcot 60 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Seed ! 40 
 
 Root bark. . 60 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Leaves 50 
 
 Fungus ... 40 
 
 Root 60 
 
 Bark j 60 
 
 Plant 50 
 
 Whole fly... 60 
 
 Herb 50 
 
 Seed 60 
 
 Flower buds 60 
 
 Plant 50 
 
 Seed 00 
 
 P.ark Oo 
 
 fruit I 60 
 
 Rootorflow's do 
 
 Fruit 60 
 
 Rhizome ... (>o 
 
 Seed Oo 
 
 Seed 60 
 
 Rhizome. ... 60 
 
 Seed 60 
 
 P.ark 60 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Bark 60 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Leaves 50 
 
 Root ' 60 
 
462 
 
 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS A — Continued. 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
 Filix Mas(Aspid'm)... 
 Galanga 
 
 Gillenia stipulacea. . . . 
 
 Gillenia trifoliata 
 
 Guaiacum lignum 
 
 Helonias 
 
 Hibiscus Abelmos's. . . 
 
 Humulus 
 
 Hyoscyami semen. . . . 
 
 Ignatia 
 
 Imperatoria 
 
 Ins Elorentina 
 
 Jalapa (Ipomea J'a)... 
 
 Kamala (Rottlcra) 
 
 Kava (Methisticum). . . 
 
 Levisticum 
 
 Lindera 
 
 Liquidambar 
 
 Lippia Mexicana 
 
 Liriodendron 
 
 ^Lobelia 
 
 Magnolia glauca 
 
 Methysticum 
 
 Micr meria 
 
 Myrica cerefera. . 
 
 Myristica fragrans. . . . 
 
 Petroselinum. ....... 
 
 Peumus Boldus 
 
 Phelandrium 
 
 Physostigma 
 
 P menta 
 
 Piper Methysticum . . . 
 
 Piper Nigrum 
 
 Pimpinella saxifraga. . . 
 *Popu!us Candicans. . . . 
 
 Pyrethrum 
 
 *Rhus Toxicodendron. . 
 
 Ricinus 
 
 Rottlera; glandulae. . . . 
 
 Sabadilla 
 
 Santalum citrinum. . . . 
 
 Santalum rubrum. . . . 
 
 Santonica 
 
 Silphium lacinatum... 
 
 Staphisagria (Del. S.). 
 
 Strychnos Ignatia. . . . 
 | Sumbul (Ferula S.).. . . 
 *Thuja occidentalis. . . . 
 i Trillium pendulum. . 
 
 Turnera aphrodis'ca. . . 
 
 Urechites suberecta.. . 
 
 Veratrum sabadilla. . . 
 
 Wintera (Drimys W.). 
 
 Xanthoxylum 
 
 Zedoaria 
 
 Male Fern 
 
 Galangal (Catarrh Root). 
 
 American Ipecac 
 
 Indian Physic 
 
 Guaiac 
 
 False Unicorn 
 
 : Amber or Ambrette. . . . 
 
 j Hops 
 
 i Henbane 
 
 Ignatia Bean 
 
 Masterwort 
 
 Orris Root 
 
 Jalap 
 
 Kameela 
 
 Ava Kava 
 
 Lovage 
 
 Spicewood, Fever Bush. 
 
 Sweet Gum Tree 
 
 Tulip Tree, Whitewood. 
 
 Lobelia, Indian Tobacco 
 
 Magnolia 
 
 Ava Kava, Kava Kava. . 
 
 Verba Buena 
 
 Bayberry 
 
 Mace or Nutmeg 
 
 Parsley Seed 
 
 Boldo 
 
 Water Fennel Seed 
 
 Calabar Bean 
 
 Allspice 
 
 Ava or Kava Kava 
 
 Black Pepper 
 
 Pimpernel, Small Saxifrage 
 
 Balm or Balsam of Gilead 
 
 Pellitory 
 
 ; Poison Ivy or Oak 
 
 Castor Oil Bean 
 
 (Kamala) Kameela 
 
 Cevadilla 
 
 i White or Yellow Santal. 
 
 Red Saunders 
 
 Wormseed, unexpanded. 
 
 Rosin weed 
 
 Stavesacre 
 
 Ignatia Bean 
 
 Musk root 
 
 I Arbor Vita-, Thuya, 
 
 Beth or Birth Root 
 
 Damiana 
 
 Cevedilla 
 
 Winter's Bark 
 
 Prickly-Ash Berries 
 Zedoary 
 
 Root 
 
 Rhizome. . .. 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Wood 
 
 Root 
 
 Seeds 
 
 Flowers .... 
 
 Seed 
 
 Seed 
 
 Rhizome. . .. 
 Rhizome.. .. 
 
 Tuber 
 
 Glands, etc. 
 
 Root 
 
 Root or seed 
 Bernesorb'k 
 
 Bark 
 
 Herb 
 
 Bark 
 
 Seed 
 
 Flowers or b 
 
 Root 
 
 Plant 
 
 Bark 
 
 Seed 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Seed 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Root 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Root 
 
 Leaf buds. . 
 
 Root 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Seed 
 
 Glands, etc. 
 
 Seed 
 
 Wood 
 
 Wood 
 
 Flower heads 
 
 Root 
 
 Seed. . . 
 Seed .... 
 
 Root 
 
 Twigs . . 
 
 Root 
 
 1 eaves . . 
 Leaves . . 
 Seed. . . . 
 Bark.... 
 f-ruit.. . . 
 Root 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 463 
 
 Fluid Extracts Class B. 
 
 The following drugs require a menstruum of three measures 
 of Alcohol to one measure of Water for preparing their Fluid 
 Extracts. To complete the formula for any Fluid Extract in 
 this class put the name of the drug and the fineness of powder 
 required in the following 
 
 1 189. General Formula. 
 
 The Drug, in No. powder, . . 16% ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, I , rr ■ 
 
 ' - each, a sufficient quantity. 
 Water, ) 4 y 
 
 Mix three measures of Alcohol with 1 measure of Water, 
 and having moistened the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of 
 the mixture, macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a 
 warm place ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
 pour upon it sufficient menstruum to saturate and cover the 
 drug and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat mod- 
 erately and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
 menstruum to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat 
 and continue the percolation with the menstruum until the 
 drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol (^ of the measure) 
 from this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, 
 which dissolve in the reserved portion and add enough of the 
 menstruum to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. The Alcohol 
 remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
 distillation. If Glycerin is directed it should be added to the 
 fust portion of the menstruum used. 
 
 The * indicates that Fluid Extracts are also prepared from 
 the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 
 
 Many of the drugs that are included in Class A yield their 
 medicinal properties to a menstruum of 3 parts Alcohol to 1 
 of Water, and might properly be included in this class, but as 
 the\- have generally been made with Alcohol only as a men- 
 struum we have not thought best to depart from the estab- 
 lished custom for the small saving that would be made. 
 
4(54 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts, requir- 
 ing a menstruum of 3 parts by weight of Alcohol to 1 of Water. 
 They may, however, be made by the general formula ( 1189), 
 using 3 measures of Alcohol to I of Water. 
 
 1190. *.Extractum Grindeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Grindelia. — 
 
 Grindelia in No. 30 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (11891. 
 
 1 191. Extractum Guaranae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Guar ana.— 
 Guarana in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1 . Make a fluid extract 
 as directed ( 1189). 
 
 1 192. Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum — Fluid Extract Hydrastis 
 {Golden Seal). Hydrastis in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make 
 a fluid extract as directed (4 189). 
 
 1 193. * Extractum Iridis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Iris {Blue Flag). 
 Iris (Blue Flag Root) in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed ( 1 189). 
 
 1 194. Extractum Nucis Vomica? Fluidum — Fluid Extract lYux 
 Vomica. — Nux Vomica in No. 60 powder. — Alcohol 8, Water 1. Make a 
 
 fluid extract as directed (1189). 
 
 The official formula directs a menstruum of 8 parts by weight (9 by mea- 
 sure) of Alcohol to 1 part of Water. This formula is included in this class, 
 but the menstruum as here directed should be used. 
 
 1 195. Extractum Podophylli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Podophyllum 
 (Mandrake). — Podophyllum (Mandrake Root) in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 
 3. Water 1. Make a fluid extract as directed (1189). 
 
 1 196. Extractum Serpentariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Serpen- 
 taria. — Serpentaria in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1189). 
 
 P'luid Extracts of Digitalis, Hyoscyami/s, Rhubarb and Stramonium, are 
 directed by the U. S. P. to be made with 3 parts by weight of Alcohol to 1 of 
 Water, but in our opinion their properties are as well obtained by a men- 
 struum of less Alcoholic strength, and we have put them in Class C. 
 
 Some of the fluid extracts included in this class might be made with a 
 menstruum of less alcoholic strength, but it is rather difficult to direct the 
 exact proportion of Alcohol which would be necessary to hold the medicinal 
 properties of the drugs, as they are found in the market, in solution ; there- 
 fore, it is best to have the menstruum contain an excess rather than a 
 deficiency of spirit. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 465 
 
 Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 
 3 measures of Alcohol to I measure of Water as a menstruum 
 for preparing them, and are made in the same manner as 
 directed (i 189) : 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS B. 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 1 197 Acalypha Virginica 
 
 1 198 Anemopsis Californica. . .. 
 
 1 199 *Arum triphyllum 
 
 1200 Asimina triloba 
 
 1201 Aspidosperma 
 
 1202 *Baccharis pilularis 
 
 1203 '•■"Calycanthus Floridus 
 
 1204 Cascarilla(Croton Eluteria) 
 
 1205 Cochlearia armoracia 
 
 1206 Coto (add 4 fl. oz. Glycerin) 
 
 1207 Eremocarpus Setigerus. . . 
 
 1208 Erythrophlctum, Casca. . . 
 
 1209 Ephedra Antisyphilitica. . 
 
 1210 Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. ..[ 
 
 1211 Euphorbia pilulifera 
 
 1212 *Grindelia squarrosa j 
 
 1213 Juglans cinerea 
 
 1214 Menispermum 
 
 1215 Mercurialis annua 
 
 1216 Nectandra 
 
 1217 ''Polygonum 
 
 1218 *Polymnia uvedalia 
 
 1 2 19 Sassafras officinalis 
 
 1220 ^Stramonium (Datura S.). . 
 
 Mercury Weed 
 
 Yerba Mansa 
 
 Wild or Indian Turnip. 
 
 Quebracho 
 
 Kidney Root 
 
 Carolina Allspice 
 
 Cascarilla 
 
 Horseradish 
 
 Coto Bark 
 
 Ginger Leaf 
 
 Sassy or Mancona. . . . 
 
 Ephedra 
 
 Ipecacuanha Spurge. . 
 Pill Bearing Spurge. . 
 
 American Butternut. 
 
 Yellow Parilla 
 
 Mercury Herb 
 
 Bebeeru 
 
 Smartweed 
 
 Bearsfoot, Leafcup. . 
 
 Sassafras 
 
 Stramonium 
 
 Part Used. [^ 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Plant \ 40 
 
 Cormus . . . 50 
 
 Seed I 50 
 
 Bark 50 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Bark 50 
 
 Bark | 50 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Bark 50 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Bark. ; 50 
 
 Plant j 50 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Plant 40 
 
 Leaves, tops 40 
 
 Root bark. . . 50 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Herb 40 
 
 Bark 50 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Root bark... 50 
 
 Leaves 1 40 
 
 Fluid Extracts, Class C. 
 
 The following drugs require a menstruum of two measures 
 of Alcohol to one measure of Water, for preparing their 
 Fluid Extracts. To complete the formula for any Fluid Ex- 
 tract in this Class, put tin: name of the drug and the fineness 
 of powder required in the following 
 
 1221. 
 
 The Drug 
 Alcohol, / 
 Water, i 
 
 General Formula. 
 
 in No. powder i < i ' j < lunces av. 
 
 each, a sufficient quantity. 
 
466 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Mix two measures of Alcohol with one measure of Water, 
 and having moistened the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of 
 the mixture, macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a 
 warm place ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
 pour upon it sufficient menstruum to saturate and cover the 
 drug, and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat moder- 
 ately, and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
 menstruum to the drug, and continuing the heat and percola- 
 tion until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the 
 heat and continue the percolation with the menstruum until 
 the drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol {-A, of the measure) 
 from this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, 
 which dissolve in the reserved portion, and add enough of the 
 menstruum to make a pint of the fluid extract. The Alcohol 
 remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
 distillation. If Glycerin is directed it should be added to the 
 first portion of menstruum used. 
 
 The " :: " indicates that fluid extracts are also prepared from 
 the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 
 
 U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following U. S. Official Fluid Extracts are directed by 
 the U. S. P. to be made with a menstruum of Alcohol 2 parts 
 by weight to Water 1 part, but they may be made by the gen- 
 eral formula (1221), using Alcohol 2 parts by measure to 
 Water 1 part. 
 
 1222. Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Bitter 
 
 Orange Peel. — Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1223. Extractum Buchu Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Buchu. — Buchu 
 in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as directed 
 (1221). 
 
 1224. Extractum Colchici Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Col- 
 chicum Root. — Colchicum Root in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1225. Extractum Colchici Seminis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Col- 
 chic u»i Seed. — Colchicum Seed in No. 30 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 467 
 
 1226. Extractum Digitalis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Digitalis 
 {Foxglove). — Digitalis (recently dried) in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1221 ). 
 
 1227. Extractum Hyoscyami Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus 
 (Henbane). — Hyoscyamus in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1228. Extractum Matico Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Matico. — Matico 
 in No. 40 powder — Alcohol, Water, Glycerin. Mix 14 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
 3 fl.ounces each Water and Glycerin for first percolation, then finish with 
 Alcohol 2, Water 1, as directed ( 1221 1. 
 
 1229. Extractum Rhei Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. — Rhu- 
 barb in No. 30 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as di- 
 rected (1221). 
 
 1230. Extractum Rubi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rubus {Black- 
 berry). — Blackberry Root-Bark in No. 50 powder — Alcohol, Glycerin, Water. 
 Mix 8 fl.ounces Alcohol, 5 fl.ounces of Water and 1% fl.ounces of Glycerin 
 for first percolate, then finish with a menstruum of 26 fl.ounces Alcohol to 
 16 fl.ounces of Water. 
 
 1231. Extractum Senegae Fluidum— Fluid Extract of Senega. — Se- 
 nega in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1, Water of Ammonia. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1221), and when completed add 3 fl. drachms 
 Water of Ammonia to a pint. 
 
 1232. Extractum Stramonii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Stramo- 
 nium. — Stramonium in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1233. Extractum Valerianae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Valerian. — 
 Valerian in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (1221). 
 
 1234. ••Extractum Viburni Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Viburnum. — 
 Viburnum (Black Haw) in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 Fluid Extract of Digitalis, Hyoscyamus, Rhubarb and Stramonium, are 
 directed by the l. S. P. to be made with a menstruum of 3 parts Alcohol by 
 weight to 1 part Water, but we have classed them here, as we think the 
 alcoholic strength of the menstruum sufficient. 
 
 Many of the fluid extracts included in this class might readily be made 
 with diluted Alcohol instead of 2 parts of Alcohol to 1 part of Water but 
 for the difficulty experienced in percolating with the weaker menstruum, on 
 account of the larger proportion of water softening their mucilaginous con- 
 stituents, thus making it impossible for the menstruum to pass through them. 
 It is therefore necessary in exhausting them to use a menstruum of sufficient 
 alcoholic strength to prevent this difficulty and allow the percolation to 
 
468 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 proceed freely. Some manufacturers first exhaust these drugs with an alco- 
 holic menstruum and then distill off a portion, making up the quantity with 
 water, but this is hardly expedient in making small quantities. 
 
 Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 2 
 measures of Alcohol to I measure of Water for preparing 
 them, and are made in the same manner as is directed (1221): 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS C. 
 
 No. 
 
 LATIN NAM?:. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
 1235 Acacia jurema Adstringens Bark 50 
 
 1236 Aconiti folia Aconite, Monkshood ... Leaves ! 30 
 
 1237 .Esculus glabra Buckeye Bark 40 
 
 123S .Esculus Hippocastanum. Horse Chestnut : Seed 40 
 
 1239 *Ailanthus Tree of Heaven ' Root bark. . . 40 
 
 1240 Adansonia digitata I Baobab i Bark 40 
 
 1241 Alnus rubra (or Serrulata) . j Tag Alder Bark 40 
 
 1242 Althsese radix Marsh Mallow Root 20 
 
 1243 Anemopsis Californica. . . Herba Mansa Root 40 
 
 1244 Anethum graveolens Dill Seed Fruit 40 
 
 1245 Angostura (Galip'cuspora). Angustura Bark 50 
 
 1246 Anisum Anise Seed Fruit | 40 
 
 1247 Apocynum androsiu'um. . . Bitter Root Root \ 50 
 
 1248 Apocynum cannabinum. . . Black Indian Hemp. . . . Root j 50 
 
 1249 Arnica; flores j Arnica Flowers Flowers 30 
 
 1250 Artemisia frigida Mountain Sage Plant 30 
 
 1251 Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Root 40 
 
 1252 Asclepias curassavica Blood Flower Plant j 30 
 
 1253 Belladonna? folia , Belladonna Leaves j 30 
 
 1254 " : "Berberis aquifolium Oregon Grape Root 50 
 
 1255 Berberis vulgaris Barberry Bark 50 
 
 1256 Betonica officinalis Betony Herb 30 
 
 1257 Buxus sempervirens Box j Barkorl'v's. 30 
 
 1258 Calendula Marigold Flowers 30 
 
 1259 Carum carvi j Caraway Seed Fruit I 50 
 
 1260 Carrota (Dancus C.) Carrot Seed Fruit .. 50 
 
 1261 Catalpa (Bignonia C.) ... Cigar Tree Bark, pods.. ! 50 
 
 1262 Caullophyllum Blue Cohosh Root I 50 
 
 1263 j*Cheledonium majus Garden Celandine Herb 40 
 
 1264 Chiococca racemosa j Cachinca Root bark. . . 40 
 
 1265 Chrysophyllum ' Monesia j Bark j 40 
 
 1266 "Collinsonia Stone Root, Heal All. ... ! Root j 40 
 
 1267 Corallorhiza ; Coral Root, Crawley Root 50 
 
 1268 "Corydalis (Dicentra Can.). Turkey Corn Tuber 50 
 
 1269 Corypha cerefera Carnauba, Wax Palm . . . Root 50 
 
 1270 Cuminum Cyminum Cummin Seed Fruit 50 
 
 1271 *Draconitum Skunk Cabbage Root 50 
 
 1272 Duboisia Myoporoides. . . . Duboisia Leaves 30 
 
 1273 Equisticum Horsetail i Stems 40 
 
 1274 *Eryngium aquaticum Water Eryngo 1 Root 50 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 469 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS C — Continued. 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 127; 
 1276 
 1277 
 1278 
 1279 
 I28o 
 I2Sl 
 1282 
 1283 
 1284 
 1285 
 1286 
 1287 
 1288 
 12S9 
 1290 
 1291 
 1292 
 1293 
 1294 
 1295 
 1296 
 1297 
 1298 
 1299 
 I30O 
 I301 
 1302 
 1303 
 1304 
 I305 
 1306 
 1307 
 1308 
 1309 
 I3IO 
 13" 
 1312 
 
 1313 
 1314 
 1315 
 1316 
 1317 
 1318 
 1319 
 1 J20 
 1321 
 1322 
 1323 
 1324 
 1325 
 1326 
 1327 
 1328 
 
 Eryngium yuccjefolium. . . 
 *Euonymus 
 
 Fceniculum 
 
 Francisca uniflora 
 
 Garrya Fremontii 
 
 Hedeoma 
 
 Helianthus 
 
 Helleborus niger 
 
 Hyoscyami radix 
 
 Illicium Anisatum 
 
 Inula Helenium 
 
 Laurus nobilis 
 
 Ledum palustre 
 
 Manzanita(Arctostaphylos) 
 
 Matricaria 
 
 Monarda ristulosa 
 
 M onarda punctata 
 
 Monotropa uniflora 
 
 Myrtus Checan 
 
 Nuphar advena 
 
 Nymph;va odorata 
 
 Onosmodium Virginianum 
 
 Origanum 
 
 Paonia officinalis 
 
 *Penthorium sedoides 
 
 * Phytolacca 
 
 Phellandrium aquaticum. . 
 
 Piscidia 
 
 Polemonium reptans 
 
 Polygonatum giganteum. . 
 Potentilla Canadensis. .. . 
 Potentilla Tormentilla. . . . 
 
 Populus alba 
 
 Ptelea trifoliata 
 
 Pulsatilla (Anemone P.) . . 
 
 Pycnanthemum 
 
 Quillaia 
 
 * Rhus aromatica 
 
 Rhododendron maximum. 
 
 Robina 
 
 Sabal serrulata 
 
 I Salix alba 
 
 Salix nigra 
 
 Saponaria 
 
 Satureja hortensis 
 
 Sessamum orientate 
 
 Simaba Cedron 
 
 Sterculia acuminata. .... 
 Sy mplocarpus ( 1 Iraconitum) 
 Veratrum album 
 
 Xanthium Strumarium. . . . 
 
 Xanthium spinosum 
 
 U vularia perfoliata 
 
 Viburnum opulus 
 
 Zanthorrhiza Apiifolia 1 
 
 Corn Snakeroot 
 
 Wahoo 
 
 Fennel Seed 
 
 Manaca 
 
 Quinine Bush 
 
 Pennyroyal 
 
 Sunflower 
 
 Black Hellebore 
 
 Henbane 
 
 Star Anise Seed 
 
 Elecampane 
 
 Bay Laurel, Bay Tree. 
 
 Labrador Tea 
 
 Glauca 
 
 German Chamomile. . . 
 
 Wild Bergamont 
 
 Horsemint 
 
 Fit Root, Ice Plant 
 
 Cheken, Chequin 
 
 Yellow Pond Lily 
 
 White Pond Lily 
 
 False Gromwell 
 
 Wild Majoram 
 
 Peony 
 
 Virginia Stone Crop. . . 
 
 Garget or Poke 
 
 Water Fennel 
 
 Jamaica Dogwood 
 
 Abscess Root 
 
 Soloman's Seal 
 
 Cinquefoil, Firefinger. 
 
 Tormentil 
 
 White Poplar 
 
 Waferash, Hoptree. . . 
 
 Pulsatilla 
 
 Mountain Mint 
 
 Soap Tree 
 
 Sweet Sumach 
 
 Great Laurel 
 
 Locust Tree 
 
 Palmetto Saw Perries. . 
 
 White Willow 
 
 Black Willow 
 
 Soapwort 
 
 Summer Savory 
 
 Penne 
 
 Cedron Seed 
 
 Cola or Kola 
 
 Skunk Cabbage 
 
 White Hellebore 
 
 Cockleburr 
 
 Spiney Hurweed 
 
 Bellwort 
 
 1 ramp, Cranberry.. . . 
 Yellow' Root 
 
 Root . 
 Bark. . 
 Fruit . 
 Root . 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 Herb I 40 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Seed. 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Root 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Twigs, Tops 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Herb 
 
 Plerb 
 
 Plant 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Seeds, root. . 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Root 
 
 Seed 
 
 Root bark. . . 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Plant 
 
 Root 
 
 Inner bark. . 
 Inner bark. . 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Bark 
 
 Root Bark . , 
 Inner bark. . 
 
 Leaves 40 
 
 Fruit .. 
 Bark . . 
 Park . . 
 Root . . 
 Herb.. 
 Leaves 
 Seed . . 
 Nuts.. 
 Root . . 
 Root . . 
 Burrs . . 
 Plant . . 
 Root . . 
 Hark. . 
 Root . . 
 
470 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Fluid Extracts Class D. 
 
 The following drugs require Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum 
 for preparing their fluid extracts; equal measure of Alcohol 
 and water, although it is not the present officinal standard for 
 Diluted Alcohol, will be of sufficient Alcoholic strength for 
 these Fluid Extracts. To complete the formula for any 
 Fluid Extract in this class, put the name of the drug and the 
 fineness of powder required in the following 
 
 1330. General Formula. 
 
 The Drug in No. powder, . . . 16^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of Diluted 
 Alcohol mixed with the Glycerin, if any is directed to be used, 
 and macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a warm place ; 
 transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon 
 it sufficient Diluted Alcohol to saturate and cover the drug, 
 and set in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately 
 and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding Diluted 
 Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat 
 and continue the percolation with Diluted Alcohol until the 
 drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol (}4 the measure) from 
 this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, which 
 dissolve in the reserved portion and add enough Diluted 
 Alcohol to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. The Alcohol 
 remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
 distillation. 
 
 The* indicates that Fluid Extracts are also prepared from 
 the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 
 
 U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts made 
 with diluted AlcoJwl, in accordance with this formula. When 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 471 
 
 Glycerin is used it should be added to the diluted Alcohol 
 used to moisten the drug : 
 
 1331. Extractum Arnica; Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Arnica 
 Root. — Arnica Root in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1332. Extractum Calumbae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Calumba 
 {Columbo). — Calumba (Columbo), in Xo. 20 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1333. Extractum Chimaphilae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Chima- 
 pliila (Pifisissewa). — Chimaphila (Prince's Pine), in No. 20 powder — 
 Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin ( 1% fl.ounce to a pint.) Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (1330J. 
 
 1334. Extractum Chiratse Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Chiraia. — 
 Chirata in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (\% fl.ounce to a 
 pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 I 335- Extractum Conii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Conium (Cicuta 
 Water Hemlock). — Conium (Fruit), in No. 40 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid ( l / 2 fl.ounce to a pint). Make as directed (1330), 
 adding the diluted acid to the portion to be evaporated. 
 
 1336. Extractum Cornus Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cornus {Dog- 
 wood). — Cornus (Dogwood Bark), in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
 Glycerin (2 l / 2 fl.ounces to a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1337. Extractum Dulcamarae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Dulcamara 
 {Bittersweet). — Dulcamara (Bittersweet), in No. 50 powder — Diluted 
 Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330. 
 
 1338. Extractum Erythroxyli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Erythroxy- 
 lou (Coca). — Erythroxylon (Coca leaves), in No. 40 powder — Diluted 
 Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330). The Br. Liquid Extract 
 
 1 is similar to this fluid extract. 
 
 1339. Extractum Eupatorii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Eupatorium 
 • [Thoroughworf). — Eupatorium (Boneset), in No. 30 powder — 
 
 Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1340. Extractum Gentianae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Gentian — 
 Gentian in Xo. 20 powder— Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed f 1330). 
 
 1341. Extractum Geranii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Geranium 
 {Cranesbill). -Geranium (Cranesbill Root), in No. 30 powder — Diluted 
 Alcohol —Glycerin ( 1 ' 4 fl.ounce in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed 
 <'33°J- 
 
 1342. Extractum Glycyrrhizse Fluidum —Fluid Extract of Glycyrrhiza 
 {Liquorice). Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice Root), in No. 30 powder — Diluted 
 
472 EXTRACTA FI.UIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Alcohol — Water of Ammonia (ij4 fl. ounce in a pint). Mix the Water of 
 Ammonia with the first portions diluted Alcohol used and make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1343. Extractum Krameriae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Krameria 
 (Rhatany). — Krameria (Rhatany), in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
 Glycerin (2}{ fl. ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1344. *Extractum Leptandrae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Leptandra 
 {Culver's Root). — Leptandra (Black Root) in No. 50 powder — ■ Diluted Alco- 
 hol — Glycerin (2 fl. ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed 
 (1330). 
 
 1345. * Extractum Lobeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Lobelia. — 
 Lobelia (herb) in No. 50 powder. — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (1330). 
 
 1346. Extractum Pareirae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Pareira. — 
 Pareira in No. 40 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin {2% fl.ounces in a 
 pint.) Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1347. Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Pilocarpus 
 (faborandi). Pilocarpus (Jaborandi) in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330). 
 
 1348. Extractum Quassias Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Quassia. — 
 Quassia in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (1330). 
 
 1349. Extractum Rhois Glabrae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rhus 
 Glabra (Sumac). — Rhus Glabra (Sumac " bobs ") in No. 30 powder — Dilu- 
 ted Alcohol — Glycerin (i# fl.ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as 
 directed (1330). 
 
 1350. Extractum Rosae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rose. — Red Rose 
 in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (1% flounce in a pint). 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1351. Extractum Rumicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Runiex (Yel- 
 low Dock). — Rumex (Yellow Dock) in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
 Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1352. Extractum Spigeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Spigelia (Pink 
 Root). — Spigelia (Pink Root) in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a 
 fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 I 353- * Extractum Stillingiae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Stillingia 
 ( Queensroot). — Stillingia in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid 
 extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1354. Extractum Uvae Ursi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Uva Ursi. — 
 Uva Ursi in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (\)i fl.ounce in a 
 pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 473 
 
 Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following are unofficial fluid extracts which require 
 Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum for preparing them, and are 
 made in the same manner as directed (1330). Many of these 
 extracts may be made with a menstruum of less alcoholic 
 strength, but, generally, their soluble properties are better 
 held in solution with Diluted Alcohol than with a weaker 
 menstruum. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D. 
 
 1355 
 1356 
 1357 
 1358 
 1359 
 1360 
 1361 
 1362 
 1363 
 1364 
 I3 r >5 
 1366 
 1367 
 1368 
 1369 
 1370 
 1371 
 1372 
 1373 
 1374 
 1375 
 1376 
 
 1377 
 1378 
 1379 
 1380 
 1381 
 1382 
 1383 
 1384 
 1385 
 1386 
 1387 
 13S8 
 1389 
 1390 
 1 39 1 
 1392 
 1393 
 1394 
 1395 
 
 LATIN" NAME. 
 
 Abies balsamea 
 
 Absinthium (Artemisia). . 
 
 Acanthus mollis 
 
 Achillea millefolium 
 
 Adiantum 
 
 Agrimonia Eupatoria . . . . 
 *Aletris farinosa 
 
 Althaea flores 
 
 Ambrosia trifida 
 
 Ampelopsis 
 
 *Amygdalus Persica ...... 
 
 Anagallis arvensis 
 
 Anemone 
 
 Anthemis nobilis 
 
 Andira inermis 
 
 Aralia hispada 
 
 Aralia spinosa 
 
 Aralia nudicauhs 
 
 Aralia racomosa 
 
 Areca catechu 
 
 Aster punicus 
 
 Asparagus officinalis 
 
 Aurantii cortex, dulcis. . . . 
 
 Betula Lenta 
 
 Bidens bipinnata 
 
 Bistorta ( Pologonum B.). 
 
 Borago officinalis 
 
 Caffea 
 
 CafTea tosta 
 
 Carduus Benedictus 
 
 Carya alba 
 
 I arthamus tinctorius 
 
 Cascara amarga 
 
 Cascara sagrada 
 
 < lataria ( Nepeta C.) 
 
 Cephalanthus 
 
 Celastrus scandens 
 
 < en is Canadensis 
 
 Cetraria 
 
 Ceonothus Americanus. . . 
 Chelone glabra 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Balsam Fir Tree 
 
 Wormwood 
 
 Acanthus 
 
 Yarrow 
 
 Maidenhair Fern 
 
 Agrimony 
 
 Unicorn, Star Grass. . 
 
 Marshmallow 
 
 Rich weed, Ragweed.. 
 
 Virginia Creeper 
 
 Peach Tree 
 
 Scarlet Pimpernel. . . . 
 
 Wood Anemone 
 
 English Chamomile. . 
 Cabbage Tree, Yellow 
 
 Dwarf Elder 
 
 Southern Prickly Ash. 
 Amer. Sarsaparilla. . . 
 
 Spikenard 
 
 Betel nut 
 
 Red Stalked Aster. . . 
 
 Asparagus 
 
 Sweet Orange Peel.. . 
 Black or Cherry Birch 
 
 Spanish Needles 
 
 Pistort, Snakeweed.. . 
 
 Porage 
 
 < offee Berries, green . 
 Coffee Perries, roasted 
 
 Blessed Thistle 
 
 White Hickory 
 
 Safflower, Am. Saffron 
 
 I londuras Park 
 
 Rhamnus Prushiana. . . 
 
 Catnip, Catmint 
 
 Button Push 
 
 Staff Tree 
 
 Judas Tree 
 
 Iceland Moss 
 
 Jersey Tea, Red Root. 
 Balmony, Snakehead.. 
 
 1 Powder 
 
 I No. 
 
 Inner bark. . 40 
 
 Leaves, tops. 30 
 
 Leaves | 30 
 
 Leaves, tops. 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Whole plant. 30 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Flowers 20 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Twigs, bark. 30 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Flerb 30 
 
 Flowers 30 
 
 Park 40 
 
 Root 40 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Seed 50 
 
 Root 40 
 
 Young shoots 30 
 
 Fruit rind. . . 20 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Root 50 
 
 Rhizome .... 50 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Seeds ! 30 
 
 Seeds 40 
 
 Leaves, tops. 30 
 
 Inner bark. . 50 
 
 Flowers 30 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Park 50 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Park 50 
 
 Root bark. . . 50 
 
 Root bark.. . 50 
 
 Entire plant. 20 
 
 Root 50 
 
 1 1 t-rli 20 
 
474 
 
 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 I39 6 
 1397 
 I39S 
 1399 
 1400 
 140 1 
 1402 
 M03 
 1404 
 I405 
 1406 
 1407 
 1408 
 1409 
 1410 
 1411 
 1412 
 1413 
 1414 
 
 1415 
 1416 
 1417 
 141S 
 1419 
 1420 
 1421 
 1422 
 1423 
 1424 
 1425 
 1426 
 1427 
 1428 
 1429 
 1430 
 1431 
 1432 
 1433 
 1434 
 1435 
 1436 
 1437 
 1433 
 M39 
 1440 
 1441 
 1442 
 1443 
 1444 
 1445 
 1446 
 1447 
 144S 
 1449 
 I450 
 
 Chicorium Intybus 
 
 China ( Smilax glabra).. 
 *Chionanthus Virginica. . 
 
 Cochleria, fresh 
 
 Colocynthus 
 
 Comptonia asplenifolia. . 
 
 Conii folia 
 
 Convulvulus panduratus. 
 
 Coptis teeta 
 
 Coptis tnfolia 
 
 Cornus circinata 
 
 Cornus sericea 
 
 Crocus sativus 
 
 Cucumis citrullus 
 
 Cucumis pepo 
 
 Cunderango 
 
 Cunila Mariana 
 
 Cynoglossum 
 
 Cyperus articulatus 
 
 Diospyros cortex , 
 
 Diospyros fructus 
 
 Dirca palustris , 
 
 Dulcamara (Solanum D.), 
 
 Elephantopus tomentosus 
 
 Epiphegus ( Orobanche). . 
 
 Epigiva repens 
 
 *Epilobium 
 
 Erythracea 
 
 Erythnea Centaurium. . . 
 
 Eupatorium aromaticum. 
 
 Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 Eupatorium purpureum . 
 
 Euphrasia 
 
 Fagus ferruginea 
 
 *Frankenia 
 
 Frasera 
 
 Fraxinus Americana .... 
 
 Fraxinus sambucifolia. . . 
 
 Fucus vesiculosus 
 
 Fumaria officinalis 
 
 Galla 
 
 Galium aperine 
 
 Galium verum 
 
 Gaultheria 
 
 Gentiana quinqueflora. . . 
 
 Geum rivale 
 
 Geum urbanum 
 
 Gnaphalium 
 
 Gouania Domingensis. . . 
 
 Granati fructus cortex. . . 
 
 Granatum 
 
 Gratiola officinalis 
 
 Cuaco ( Mikania G.) 
 
 Humatoxylon 
 
 Hamamelidis cortex 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Chicory 
 
 China Root 
 
 Fringe Tree 
 
 Scurvy Grass 
 
 Colocynth, Bitter Apple. 
 
 Sweet Fern 
 
 Cicuta, Conium 
 
 Wild Jalap J 
 
 East Indian Coptis ! 
 
 Coptis, Gold Thread I 
 
 Green Ozier 
 
 Swamp Dogwood j 
 
 True Saffron 
 
 Watermelon Seed 
 
 Pumpkin Seed ; 
 
 Conderango 
 
 Dittany, American 
 
 Hound's Tongue 
 
 Adrue 
 
 Persimmon 
 
 Persimmon 
 
 Leatherwood 1 
 
 Bittersweet 
 
 Elephant's Foot 
 
 Cancer Root 
 
 Trailing Arbutus 
 
 Wickup or Willow 
 
 Canchalagua 
 
 European Centaury 
 
 White Snakeroot 
 
 Boneset, Thoroughwort. 
 Queen of the Meadow. . 
 
 Eyebright 
 
 American Beech 
 
 Verba Rheuma 
 
 American Columbo 
 
 White Ash 
 
 Black Ash 
 
 Bladder or Sea Wrack. . 
 
 Fumitory 
 
 Nutgall i 
 
 Cleavers j 
 
 Lady's Bedstraw 
 
 Wintergreen 
 
 Five-Flowered Gentian. 
 
 Water Avens 1 
 
 European Avens 
 
 Life Everlasting 
 
 Chewstick 
 
 Pomegranate 
 
 Pomegranate 
 
 Hedge Hyssop 
 
 Guaco 
 
 Logwood 
 
 Witch Hazel 
 
 Root 
 
 Rhizome 
 Root bark. . . 
 Bruised herb. 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Herb 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Root 
 
 Rhizome.. . . 
 Entire plant. 
 
 Bark 
 
 Bark 
 
 Stigmas 
 
 Seed 
 
 Seed 
 
 Bark 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Bark 
 
 Green fruit. . 
 
 Bark 
 
 Twigs 
 
 Herb 
 
 Plant 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 
 
 Inner bark. . 
 
 Plant 
 
 Root 
 
 Bark 
 
 Bark 
 
 Plant 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Excrecenses. 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Plant 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 
 
 Stems 
 
 Fruit rind . . . 
 Root bark . . . 
 
 Herb 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Wood 
 
 Bark 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 475 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 
 
 LATIN* NAME. COMMON NAME. 
 
 Powde 
 No. 
 
 1451 He'.ianthemum Frostwort, Rockrose. . . . Herb 30 
 
 1452 Hemidesmus Indian Sarsaparilla. . . . Root 40 
 
 1453 Hepatica Liverwort, Kidney Leaf. Leaves 30 
 
 1454 Heracleum Masterwort Leaves, root. 30 
 
 1455 Heuchera Alum Root Root 40 
 
 1456 Hippocastanum Horse Chestnut Bark 40 
 
 1457 Hydrangea arborecens. . . Hydrangea, Seven B'ks. Root 50 
 
 1458 Hyssopus Hysop (Am., European) Plant 30 
 
 1459 Hypercum perforatum. . . Johnswort Herb 30 
 
 1460 Ilex Paraguayensis Paraguay Tea , Leaves 30 
 
 1461 Jeffersonia diphylla Twin Leaf Root 40 
 
 1462 Jacaranda Caroba Caroba Leaves 40 
 
 1463 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Bark 40 
 
 1464 Juglans regia European Butternut. . . . Leaves 30 
 
 1465 Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel Leaves 30 
 
 1466 Lactuca virosa Wild Lettuce Leaves 30 
 
 1467 Lappae fructus Burdock Seed Fruit 40 
 
 1468 Lappa; radix Burdock Root Root 40 
 
 1469 , Larix Americana Tamarack Bark 40 
 
 1470 Lavendula vera ' Lavender Flowers 30 
 
 1471 Leonorus cardiaca Motherwort Herb 30 
 
 1472 Limonis cortex Lemon Peel Fruit rind... 20 
 
 1473 Liatris odoratissima Vanilla Plant Leaves 30 
 
 1474 Liatris spicata Button Snakeroot Root 50 
 
 1475 Liatris squarrosi Blazing Star Root 50 
 
 1476 *Lycopus Europaeus Bitter Bugle Herb 30 
 
 1477 Lycopus Virginicus Bugle Weed Herb 30 
 
 1478 Maltum Barley Malt Malted Seed . 30 
 
 1479 Malva sylvestris Common Mallow Leaves 20 
 
 1480 Mangifera Indica Mango Bark rind ... 30 
 
 148 1 Mangostana Mangosteen Fruit rind. . . 30 
 
 1482 Marjorana (Origanum M.) Sweet Marjoram Herb 30 
 
 1483 Marrubium vulgare Hoarhound Herb 30 
 
 1484 Maruntacotula May Weed Herb 30 
 
 1485 Melissa Sweet Balm Herb ! 30 
 
 i486 Melilotus officinalis Melilot, Sweet Clover. . . Ilowers 30 
 
 1487 Mentha piperita Peppermint Herb 30 
 
 1488 Mentha viridis Spearmint Herb 30 
 
 Menyanthes trifoliata. . . . Buck Bean, Bog Bean. . Leaves 30 
 
 [490 Mikania Guaco duaco Leaves Leaves 30 
 
 1491 Mitchella repens Partridgeberry Herb 30 
 
 140,2 Moras ni^ra Mulberry Root 40 
 
 1 4')3 Myriea Gale Sweet < iale Herb 30 
 
 i|M ' 1 in iihera biennis livening Primrose Twigs, leaves 40 
 
 [495 Osmarrhiza longistyl is . . . Sweet Cicely Root 40 
 
 [496 Osmunda regalis Buckhorn Brake Root 40 
 
 [ \')~ < >strya Virginica Ironwood Bark 40 
 
 1 it Oxydendron arboreum . . . Sourwood Twigs ' 30 
 
 Panax (Aralia quiquefolia) Ginseng Root 30 
 
 1500 Papaver Sonimiferam. . . . Poppy Cap., leaves. 50 
 
 1501 Pepo ( Cucurbita P.) Pumpkin Seed 20 
 
 1502 Persia gratissima Alligator Pear Seed 40 
 
 Petroselinum Parsley Root, seed., 30 
 
 i--"i Pinus Strobus White Pine Inner bark. , |0 
 
 1505 I Phoradendron American Mistletoe ... 1'lant 30 
 
476 
 
 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 
 
 1506 
 1507 
 1508 
 1509 
 1511 
 1512 
 1513 
 i5M 
 1515 
 1516 
 1517 
 151S 
 
 1519 
 1520 
 1521 
 1522 
 1523 
 1524 
 1525 
 1526 
 1527 
 1528 
 1529 
 1530 
 i53i 
 1532 
 1533 
 1534 
 1535 
 1536 
 1537 
 1538 
 1539 
 1540 
 1541 
 1542 
 1543 
 1544 
 1545 
 1546 
 1547 
 1548 
 1549 
 1550 
 i55i 
 1552 
 1553 
 1554 
 1555 
 1556 
 1557 
 1558 
 1559 
 1560 
 1561 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 Plantago major 
 
 Pinus Canadensis 
 
 Polygala amara 
 
 Polypodium vulgare 
 
 Polytrichum 
 
 Prinos verticillatus 
 
 Pulmonaria 
 
 Pyrethrum Parthenum.. 
 
 Pyrola rotundifolia 
 
 Pyrus Malus 
 
 Quercus alba 
 
 Rhamnus catharticus. . . . 
 
 Rhamnus Prushiana 
 
 Rhceas ( Papaver R.). . . . 
 
 Ricini folia 
 
 Rubus strigosus 
 
 Rubia 
 
 Rudbeckia 
 
 Ruta graveolens 
 
 Sabbatia angularis 
 
 Sabbatia Elliottii 
 
 Salvia officinalis 
 
 Sambucus Canadensis. . . 
 
 Sarracenia purpurea 
 
 I Scrofularia nodosa 
 
 *Senecio gracilis 
 
 Simaruba officinalis 
 
 Smilax Sarsaparilla 
 
 Solidago odora 
 
 Spirita tomentosa 
 
 Statice Caroliniana 
 
 Stigmata Maydis 
 
 Symphytum officinale. . . 
 
 Tabacum ( Nicotiana T.) . 
 
 Tanacetum vulgare 
 
 Tecoma radicans 
 
 Thea Chinensis 
 
 Theobroma Cacao 
 
 Thymus Vulgaris 
 
 Trifolium partense 
 
 Triosteum perfoliatum. . 
 
 Tilia 
 
 Tonga 
 
 Tormentilla 
 
 Tussilago Farfara 
 
 ' Ulmus fulva 
 
 Umbellaria 
 
 Urtica dioica. ... 
 
 Ustilago Maydis 
 
 VerbascUm thapsus 
 
 Verbena hastata 
 
 Viburnum dentatum.. . . , 
 
 Viola tricolor 
 
 Viscum Album 
 
 Vaccinum Crassifolium. . 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
 Common Plantain 
 
 Hemlock 
 
 Bitter Polygala 
 
 Polypody 
 
 Hair Cap Moss 
 
 Black Alder 
 
 Lungwort 
 
 Feverfew 
 
 Canker Lettuce 
 
 Apple Tree 
 
 White Oak 
 
 Buckthorn 
 
 Cascara Sag. Chittem. . . 
 
 Red Poppy 
 
 Castor Oil Leaves 
 
 Red Raspberry 
 
 Madder 
 
 Thimbleweed 
 
 Rue 
 
 Am. or Red Centaury . . 
 
 Quinine Flower 
 
 Sage 
 
 Elder 
 
 Pitcher Plant 
 
 Carpenter's Square 
 
 Life Root 
 
 Simaruba 
 
 Bamboo Brier 
 
 Golden Rod 
 
 Hardhack 
 
 Marsh Rosemary 
 
 Corn Silk 
 
 Comfrey 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Tansy 
 
 Trumpet Creeper 
 
 Tea 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 Thyme 
 
 Red Clover 
 
 Fever Wort 
 
 Linden 
 
 Mixed Fiji Island Barks 
 
 Tormentil 
 
 Coltsfoot 
 
 Slippery Elm 
 
 California Laurel 
 
 Nettle 
 
 Corn Smut or Ergot. . . . 
 
 Mullein 
 
 Vervain 
 
 Arrow Wood 
 
 Wild Violet or Pansy. . . 
 
 Mistletoe 
 
 Creeping Huckleberry. . 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Inner bark. . 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Root 40 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Root bark. . . 40 
 
 Bark ! 40 
 
 Berries 20 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Flowers 30 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Tops 30 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Bark, flowers 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Bark 30 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Root 40 
 
 Stigmas 20 
 
 Root 30 
 
 Leaf 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Leaves 30 
 
 Seeds 40 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Flowers 30 
 
 Herb 30 
 
 Flowers 30 
 
 Barks 50 
 
 Rhizome. ... 30 
 
 Leaves 40 
 
 Bark 30 
 
 Leaves ' 30 
 
 Root ! 40 
 
 Fungus j 50 
 
 Flowers, l'v's 30 
 
 Herb j 30 
 
 Bark 40 
 
 Plant j 30 
 
 Plant 30 
 
 Plant I 30 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 477 
 
 Other U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The following U. S. Official Fluid Extracts cannot well be 
 included under the foregoing classes as they require a differ- 
 ent menstruum or some special manipulation. The essential 
 details only are given here. For full detailed formulas, see 
 Fenner's Working Formulae. They should be made by 
 water-bath percolation in a manner similar to those classed in 
 A, B, C, or D. 
 
 1562. Extractum Castaneas Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Castanea 
 [Chestnut Leaves). — Castanea (Chestnut Leaves) in No. 12 powder i6 2 i 
 ounces av., Water, Alcohol, each sufficient. Percolate the drug with hot 
 Water till exhausted, evaporate the percolate, by water-bath, to 2 pints, add 5 
 fl. ounces Alcohol, let stand 24 hours for precipitate to subside, filter through 
 calico, evaporate the filtered liquid to 1272 fl. ounces, and add enough Alcohol 
 to make a pint. 
 
 1563. Extractum Cinchonae Fluidum — Fluid Extract Cinchona (Calis- 
 aya). — Yellow Cinchona (Galisaya Bark) in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces av., 
 Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 
 14.% fl.ounces of Alcohol and percolate first with the mixture, then with a 
 menstruum of 3 measures of Alcohol mixed with one measure of Water until 
 the drug is exhausted. Reserve the first 13 fl.ounces. Distill the Alcohol 
 from the remainder of the percolate and evaporate the residue to 3 fl.ounces, 
 which add to the reserved portion. 
 
 Liquid Extract of Cinchona — The Br. P. directs an Aqueous Fluid 
 Extract of Cinchona to be prepared from Cinchona Bark by the aid of a 
 small quantity of Hydrochloric Acid. This is then to be assayed and the 
 quantity of liquid so regulated that it shall contain 5 per cent, of total 
 Alkaloids. 
 
 1564. Extractum Ergotae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ergot [Spurred 
 
 or Smut Rye). Ergot recently ground in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces av., 
 Alcohol, Water, each sufficient, diluted Hydrochloric Acid 1 fl.ounce. Per- 
 colate first with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol mixed with 10 fl.ounces of Water, then 
 with Water. Reserve first 13 ounces that pass. Mix the dilute Hydrochloric 
 Acid with the remainder of the percolate, evaporate to 3 ounces, and add 
 to the reserved portion. 
 
 The Br. Liquid Extract if Ergot is similar to this but contains no acid. 
 
 1565. Extractum Frangulae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Frangula 
 {Buckthorn Bark). Frangula (Buckthorn Bark) in No. 40 powder \<>' , 
 ounces av , Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Percolate firsl with 6 fl.ounces 
 
 Alohol mixed with 8 fl.ounces Water, then with Water until exhausted. 
 
478 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Reserve the first 13 fl .ounces of percolate, evaporate the remainder to 3 
 ft ounces, and add. 
 
 The Br. Liquid Extract of Rhavinus Frangula is similar to this Fluid 
 Extract. 
 
 1566. Extractum Hamamelidis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Hamame- 
 lis {Witch //a:.c/).— Hamamelis (Witch Hazel Leaves) in Xo. 40 powder 
 i6 2 ; ounces av., Alcohol, Water. Percolate first with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol 
 mixed with 12 11. ounces of Water, then with Water until exhausted. Reserve 
 the first 13 fl.ounces of percolate, evaporate the remainder to 3 fl.ounces, and 
 add. 
 
 1567. Extractum Ipecacuanha Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ipecac. — 
 Ipecac in No. 60 powder 16-3 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 
 Percolate the drug with Alcohol until exhausted, distill off the Alcohol until 
 only 4 rl. ounces remain, mix this with a pint of Water and evaporate by 
 water-bath to 12 rl. ounces, let stand 48 hours, then filter and add Water 
 through the filter until the washings are tasteless, evaporate the filtrate and 
 washings to half a pint, and, when cool, add half a pint of Alcohol, and filter. 
 This process removes all the resinous matter and makes an extract mixable 
 with syrup without cloudiness. 
 
 1568. Extractum Lactucarii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Lactuca- 
 rium. — Lactucarium 167-3 ounces av. is first macerated and washed with 
 gasoline, then dried and percolated with a menstruum of Alcohol 8 fl.ounces 
 mixed with Water 20 fl.ounces. The first 12 fl.ounces of percolate are 
 reserved and the remainder evaporated to 4 fl.ounces and added. This 
 makes an extract that can be mixed with syrup to make Syrup of Lactucarium. 
 
 1569. Extractum Pruni Virginianae Fluidum — F/uid Extract of Wild 
 Cherry. — Wild Cherry in No. 20 powder 167^ ounces av., glycerin 1% 
 fl.ounces, diluted Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 6 
 ounces of Water and moisten the drug, macerate 48 hours, pack in percola- 
 tor and percolate with diluted Alcohol until 13 fl.ounces have passed, which 
 reserve, then with Water until exhausted. Evaporate the last portion to 3 
 fl.ounces and add to the reserved portion. 
 
 1570. Extractum Sarsaparilla Fluidum — /'///'/,'/ Extract of Sarsapa- 
 rilla. — Sarsaparilla in No. 30 powder 167^ ounces av., Glycerin 1% fl. ounce, 
 Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol 
 and 10 fl.ounces of Water and percolate first with this mixture, then with a 
 mixture of 1 measure of Alcohol to 2 measures of Water until the drug is 
 exhausted. Reserve the first 13 fl.ounces and evaporate the remainder to 3 
 fl.ounces, and add to the reserved portion. 
 
 The Br. Liquid Extract of Sarsaparilla is similar to this but contains a 
 little sugar. 
 
 1 57 1. -Extractum Scutellariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Scutellaria 
 [Skullcap). — Scutellaria (Skullcap) in No. 30 powder \6% ounces av., Alco- 
 hol, Water, each sufficient. Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 10 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 479 
 
 fl. ounces of Alcohol to 16 fl. ounces of Water and percolate the drug with the 
 mixture until exhausted, reserve the first 13 fl. ounces of percolate, distill 
 the Alcohol from the remainder, and evaporate the residue to 3 fl. ounces and 
 add to the reserved portion. 
 
 1572. Extractum Sennae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Senna. — Senna 
 in Xo. 20 powder 1673 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix 
 Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 13 fl. ounces Alcohol to 16 fl. ounces 
 of Water, and percolate, reserving the first 13 fl. ounces, distilling the Alcohol 
 from the remainder and evaporating the residue to 3 fl. ounces, which add to 
 the reserved portion. 
 
 1573. Extractum Taraxaci Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Taraxacum 
 (Dandelion). — Taraxacum (Dandelion Root) in No. 20 powder 16%' ounces 
 av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix Alcohol and Water in the propor- 
 tion of 9 fl. ounces of Alcohol to 12 fl. ounces of Water and percolate with 
 the mixture, reserving the first 14 fl. ounces of percolate and distilling the 
 Alcohol from the remainder, evaporating the residue to 2 fl ounces, which 
 add to the reserved portion. 
 
 The Br. Liquid Extract of Dandelion is similar to this Fluid Extract. 
 
 Other Unofficial Fluid Extracts Requiring 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 The following arc unofficial Fluid Extracts requiring special 
 treatment, which cannot well be included in Classes A, B, 
 C and 1 ) : 
 
 1574. Fluid Extract of Cinchona, Detannated — Mix 6 ounces of freshly 
 precipitated, washed, moist Hydrated Peroxide of Iron (Ferric Hydrate) 
 with a pint of Fluid Extract of Cinchona, and allow to stand for 4 days, 
 shaking frequently; then filter, adding through the filter enough Dilu- 
 ted Alcohol to make the measure a pint. If the filtered extract still shows 
 traces of Tannin when tested with Tincture of Chloride of Iron, add an 
 ounce more of the moist Ferric Hydrate, and proceed as before, until it is 
 detannated. 
 
 1575. Fluid Extract Garlic — Allium Sativum. — Garlic, crushed, 1' 1 
 ounces av., Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mash the 
 Garlic t" a pumice in a mortar, pour the .Alcohol upon it and macerate for 
 twenty-four hours in a covered vessel in a warm place; transfer to the water- 
 hath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it sufficient Water to cover the 
 drug, heat very moderately at once, and after one hour begin to percolate, 
 adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until a 
 pint of the fluid extract has passed. Although this fluid extract does not 
 
480 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 properly come in this class, it is placed here for want of a more convenient 
 place. 
 
 1576. Fluid Extract of Hydrastis, Purified — Fluid Hydrastis. — Hy- 
 drastis in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces aw, Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, Alcohol, 
 Water, each a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder with 8 ounces of 
 Alcohol, and pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of 
 Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat very moderately 
 and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and con- 
 tinuing the heat and percolation until it is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol 
 from the percolate until it is reduced to a soft extract. To this add the 
 Glycerin and 6 ounces of Water, and agitate ; then filter and add through 
 the filter enough Water to make a pint of the fluid extract. The resinous 
 matter remains on the filter. This makes a preparation similar to " Fluid 
 Hydrastis," containing the valuable principles of the drug which are soluble 
 in an aqueous menstruum, and omitting the objectionable ones that are 
 obtained when Water or Alcohol alone is used as a menstruum. 
 
 1577. Fluid Extract Ignatia Bean. — Ignatia Bean in No. 60 powder 
 1654 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. This Fluid Ex- 
 tract is made with the same menstruum and in precisely the same manner as 
 Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica, which see. 
 
 1578. Fluid Extract of Senna, Alcoholized — Purified Fluid Extract 
 of Senna. — Senna in No. 20 powder 16% ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each a 
 sufficient quantity. Pack the Senna moderately in the water-bath percolator, 
 pour upon it enough Alcohol to saturate and cover it and set in a warm place 
 for twenty-four hours ; then heat very moderately and after one hour begin to 
 percolate, adding a pint and a half of Alcohol to the drug and continuing the per- 
 colation until it will no longer drop. [The object of this proceeding is to remove 
 from the Senna the principles which cause it to " gripe " when taken. The 
 Alcohol which is used may be distilled.] Then pour Water upon the Senna 
 and percolate until exhausted. Reserve the first 12 fl. ounces that pass, evap- 
 porate the remainder to 4 fl. ounces and add to the reserved portion to make 
 a pint of the Purified Fluid Extract. 
 
 1579. Fluid Extract Vanilla— [One half strength.] — Vanilla 8 ounces 
 av., Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. Mix three measures of Alco- 
 hol with two measures of Water, and having cut the Vanilla in fine pieces 
 and reduced it to a coarse powder by thoroughly beating in a mortar, moisten 
 it with 6 ounces of the menstruum, pack firmly in ihe water-bath percolator, 
 pour upon it 10 ounces of menstruum and set in a warm place for seven 
 days ; then heat moderately and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, 
 adding menstruum to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 
 \\Yz fl.ounces have passed, which reserve. Continue the percolation with 
 the menstruum until the drug is exhaused, then distill the Alcohol from this 
 last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, add to the reserved por- 
 tion, and afterward sufficient menstruum to make a pint of the fluid extract. 
 After standing a few days filter through muslin. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 481 
 
 It will be observed that this is but half the strength of ordinary fluid 
 extracts. It is thus made because a fluid extract of full strength cannot be 
 obtained without impairing the flavor of the preparation by the heat required 
 to evaporate it. 
 
 To make Flavoring Extract of Vanilla from this Fluid Extract, use from i 
 to 2 fl. ounces, with enough Alcohol and Water mixed in the proportion of three 
 measures of Alcohol to two of Water to make a pint. 
 
 To make Tincture of Vanilla, U. S., 1880, use 3 ounces of this fluid extract 
 with enough Alcohol and Water, mixed as above, to make a pint. 
 
 1580. Fluid Extract Wild Cherry, Detannated. — Mix 6 ounces freshly 
 precipitated, washed, moist, Hydrated Peroxide of Iron (Ferric Hydrate) 
 with a pint of Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry and allow to stand for four days, 
 shaking frequently ; then filter, adding through the filter enough Diluted 
 Alcohol to make the measure a pint. 
 
 If the filtered extract still shows traces of tannin, when tested with Tincture 
 of Chloride of Iron, add an ounce more of the moist Ferric Hydrate and pro- 
 ceed as before until it is detannated. 
 
 Compound Fluid Extracts. 
 
 Under this heading are included all fluid extracts that are 
 made from two or more powdered drugs combined. As only 
 two of them are official, they are called by their ordinary 
 commercial or trade names as they are known and quoted in 
 the market. 
 
 Compound fluid extracts may be conveniently made by 
 mixing the fluid extracts of the drugs which compose them 
 in the same proportion as they are directed to be used in the 
 formulas. The prescribing and use of compound fluid 
 extracts should be discouraged, for the reason that there is 
 no official standard for them, and as made by different manu- 
 facturers they represent varying proportions of the drugs 
 composing them, and are therefore indefinite. 
 
 The following formulae contain the essential directions for 
 making the fluid extracts, but detailed formulas are given in 
 full in FENNER'S WORKING FORMUL E : 
 
 1581. Fluid Extract Blackberry Compound.— Blackberry Root 12 ' 2 
 ounces av., Cinnamon 2 ounces av., Nutmeg, Coriander, each 1 ounce av., 
 all in No. 40 powder, Glycerin 2 flounces, Alcohol 2, Water 1. a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (l22l). 
 
482 EXTRACTA FLl'IDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 1582. Fluid Extract Black Cohosh Compound.— Black Cohosh in No. 
 40 powder, 6 ounces aw, Wild Cherry in No. 20 powder 4 ounces aw, 
 Liquorice Root in No. 30 powder 4 ounces aw, Ipecac, Senega, each, in No. 
 40 powder, 1 ounce aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a 
 pint of fluid extract as directed (1221 ). 
 
 1583. Fluid Extract Blue Cohosh Compound. — Blue Cohosh in No. 40 
 powder %% ounces aw, Cramp Bark in No. 30 powder 3 ounces aw, Unicorn 
 Root in No. 40 powder 3 ounces aw, Celery Root in No. 40 powder, 2 ounces 
 aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract 
 as directed ( 1221). 
 
 1584. Fluid Extract of Buchu and Juniper with Acetate of Potassium. 
 ■ — Buchu Leaves in No. 40 powder 8 ounces aw, Juniper Berries in No. 40 
 powder 4 ounces aw, Acetate of Potassium 5 ounces aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
 a sufficient quantity. Make 13 ounces of fluid extract from the Buchu and 
 Juniper and add the Acetate of Potassium. 
 
 1585. Fluid Extract Buchu and Pareira Brava. — Buchu Leaves in 
 No. 40 powder, Pareira Brava in No. 50 powder, each 8 ounces aw, Alcohol 
 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed 
 (1221). 
 
 1586. Fluid Extract Buchu Compound. — Buchu Leaves, Juniper 
 Berries, Cubebs, Uva Ursi, each in No. 50 powder 4 ounces aw, Alcohol a 
 sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1587.— Fluid Extract of Cardamom Compound.— Cardamom, Cinna- 
 mon, each 6 l / 2 ounces aw, Caraway 2 ounces aw, Cochineal i l /z ounce aw. 
 all in No. 50 powder, Alcohol 3, Water i, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint 
 of fluid extract as directed (1189). 
 
 1588. Fluid Extract Chinchona Aromatic. — Cinchona Bark S}4 ounces 
 aw, Cinnamon 3 ounces aw, Nutmeg, Bitter Orange, each 2 ounces aw, all 
 in No. 50 powder, Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1189). 
 
 1589. Fluid Extract Cinchona Compound. — Red Cinchona Bark in 
 No. 50 powder 8}4 ounces aw, Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder 6% 
 ounces aw, Serpentaria in No. 50 powder 1% ounces aw, Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, 
 Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 
 directed (1 189). 
 
 1590. Fluid Extract Colocynth Compound.— Purified Aloes, Colocynth 
 Pulp, each in coarse powder 6j4 ounces aw, Liquorice Root in coarse pow- 
 der, Resin of Scammony, Cardamom Seed, each in fine powder 1 ounce aw, 
 Carbonate of Potassium l / 2 ounce aw, Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quan- 
 tity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1189). 
 
 1591. Fluid Extract Dandelion and Rhubarb.— Dandelion, Rhubarb, 
 each in No. 20 powder 8'^ ounces aw, Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 483 
 
 1592. Fluid Extract Dandelion and Senna. — Dandelion, Senna, each 
 in No. 20 powder 8y< ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1593. Fluid Extract Dandelion Compound. — Dandelion in No. 20 
 powder 14% ounces av., Mandrake in No. 40 powder, Conium Leaves in 
 No. 30 powder, each 1 ounce av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1594. — Fluid Extract Gentian Compound. — Gentian in No. 20 powder 
 10 ounces av.. Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder 4 ounces av., Cardamom 
 in No. 50 powder 2% ounces av., Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1 189). 
 
 I 595- Fluid Extract of Grindelia Compound. — Grindelia Robusta in 
 No. 30 powder 8% ounces av., Jaborandi in No. 30 powder 4 ounces av., 
 Cubeb in No. 40 powder, Conium Leaves in No. 30 powder, each 2 ounces 
 av.. Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed 
 (1069). 
 
 1596. Fluid Extract Helonias Compound. — Helonias in No. 40 powder 
 9 ounces av., Buchu, Gentian, Golden Seal, each in No. 30 powder 2)4 ounces 
 av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract 
 as directed (1221). 
 
 I S97- Fluid Extract Hoarhound Compound. — Hoarhound in No. 20 
 powder, Red Root, Elecampane, Spikenard, Comfrey, Wild Cherry, Blood- 
 root, each in No. 30 powder 234 ounces av., Alcohol 3, Water 2, a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1598. Fluid Extract Ipecac and Senega.— Ipecac, Senega, each in No. 
 50 powder 8> 3 ' ourices av., Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Make a 
 pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1599. Fluid Extract Jalap and Rhubarb.— Jalap in No. 40 powder, 
 Rhubarb in No. 20 powder each 8)4 ounce av., Carbonate of Potassium )4 
 ounce av , Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid 
 extract as directed 189J. 
 
 1600. Fluid Extract Jalap and Senna. Jalap in No. 40 powder, Senna 
 in No. 30 powder, each 8*4 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed ( 1221 >. 
 
 1601. Fluid Extract of Liquorice Compound — /vv Quinine Mixtures. 
 Liquorice Knot 7 ounces av.. Wild Cherry 6 ounces av., Anise, Coriander, 
 
 Caraway, each 1 ounce av.. all in No. 30 powder, Alcohol 3 tl.ounces, Water, 
 Sufficient to make 13 tl.ounces of aqueous fluid extract, and add the Alcohol. 
 
 1602. Fluid Extract Lobelia Compound.— Lobelia Herb in No. 30 
 powder, Bloodroot, Skunk Cabbage in No. 40 powder, each $)4 ounces av., 
 Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 
 
 directed IIJ2II. 
 
484 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 1603. Fluid Extract of Mandrake Compound.— Mandrake in No. 50 
 powder, Leptandra in No. 40 powder, Senna in No. 30 powder, each 5 ounces 
 av., Canella in No. 40 powder 1% ounce av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1604. Fluid Extract of Matico Compound.— Matico, Buchu, Cubeb, 
 each in No. 40 powder, $}4 ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Make 
 a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1605. Fluid Extract Mitchella Compound.— Mitchella (Squaw Vine) 
 9>£ ounces av., Helonias Root, Blue Cohosh, each 1%. ounces av., Cramp 
 Bark 2 ounces av., all in No. 40 powder, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1606. Fluid Extract Pink Root and Senna. — Pink Root in No. 40 
 powder 9^3 ounces av., Senna in No. 30 powder 5^ ounces av., Caraway, 
 Anise, each in No. 50 powder 1 ounce av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quan- 
 tity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1607. Fluid Extract Poke Root Compound.— Poke Root (Phytolacca), 
 Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga), each in No. 40 powder, 6% ounces av., Prickly- 
 Ash Berries, Juniper Berries, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Alcohol, a 
 sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 
 
 1608. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb and Senna.— Rhubarb in No. 20 pow- 
 der 10 ounces av., Senna in No. 20 powder 3 ounces av., Coriander, Fennel 
 and Liquorice, each in No. 50 powder, \% ounce av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a 
 sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1609. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, Aromatic. — Rhubarb in No. 20 pow- 
 der 10^ ounces av., Cloves, Cinnamon, each in No. 50 powder 2 ounces av., 
 Nutmeg in No. 50 powder 1 ounce av., Carbonate of Potassium x / 2 ounce av., 
 Alcohol 3. Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 
 directed (1069). 
 
 1610. Fluid Extract of Rumex Compound.— Compound Fluid Extract 
 of Yellow Dock. — Yellow Dock Root in No. 20 powder 8}^ ounces av., False 
 Bitter-Sweet Bark in No. 30 powder 4^ ounces av., American Ivy Bark, 
 Figwort, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 161 1. Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla and Dandelion.— Sarsaparilla, Dan- 
 delion, each in No. 30 powder, 8}<, ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 
 
 1612. Extractum Sarsaparillae Compositum Fluidum, U. S. — Com- 
 pound Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. — Sarsaparilla in No. 30 powder \2% 
 ounces av., Liquorice Root in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Sassafras Bark in 
 No. 30 powder 1 % ounces av., Mezereum in No. 30 powder l / 2 ounce av., 
 Glycerin 1 % fl.ounce, Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
 Glycerin with 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 10 fl. ounces of Water, and having 
 moistened the mixed powders with 8 ounces of the mixture, macerate for 24 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 485 
 
 hours in a close vessel ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
 pour upon them the remainder of the mixture and set in a warm place for 
 two days ; then heat very moderately and after one hour begin to percolate 
 slowly, adding to the drugs, after the liquid has ceased to drop, Alcohol and 
 Water mixed in the proportion of one part of Alcohol to two parts of Water, 
 and continuing the heat and percolation until the drugs are exhausted. Re- 
 serve the first 13 fl. ounces that pass, evaporate the remainder to a soft extract, 
 which dissolve in the reserved portion, and add enough of the menstruum last 
 used to make a pint of the fluid extract. Lastly, after standing a few days 
 filter through muslin. 
 
 1613. Fluid Extract Skullcap Compound. — Skullcap in No. 20 powder 
 6 2 /i ounces av., Cypripedium in No. 40 powder 4 ounces av., Hops, Wild 
 Lettuce, each in No. 20 powder 3 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
 quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 
 
 1614. Fluid Extract Senna Compound. — Senna in No. 30 powder 8% 
 ounces av., Rhubarb in No. 20 powder 4 ounces av., Jalap, Mandrake, each 
 in No. 50 powder 2 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
 Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221), 
 
 1615. Fluid Extract Spikenard Compound — Compound Fhdd Extract 
 of Ar alia. — Spikenard Root, Yellow Dock Root, Burdock Root, Guaiac 
 Wood, Sassafras Bark, each in No. 20 powder iy z ounces av., Southern 
 Prickly-Ash, Elder Flowers, Blue Flag Root, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces 
 av., diluted Alcohol a sufficient qnantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract as 
 directed (1330). 
 
 1616. Fluid Extract Squill, or Scilla Compound. — Squill in No. 20 pow- 
 der, Senega in No. 40 powder, each 8^ ounces av., Water of Ammonia y z 
 fl. ounce, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid 
 Extract as directed (1221), and add the Water of Ammonia. 
 
 1617. Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound. — Stillingia, Turkey Corn, 
 each 4 ounces av., Elder Flowers, Blue Flag, Pipsissewa, each 2 ounces av., 
 Coriander Seed, Prickly-Ash Bark, each 1 ounce av., all in No. 30 powder, 
 Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract as 
 directed (1221). 
 
 1618. Fluid Extract Wild Cherry Compound.— Wild Cherry in No. 20 
 powder 8% ounces av., Hoarhound, Wild Lettuce, each in No. 20 powder 3 
 ounces av., American Hellebore, Bloodroot, each in No. 40 powder 1 ounce 
 av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract 
 as directed (1221). 
 
 Other Compound Fluid Extracts. — The foregoing formula? for Com- 
 pound Fluid Extracts represent nearly all that are at present quoted by 
 manufacturers, but other combinations will, no doubt, be added, and it is 
 only necessary for the intelligent druggist to follow the data here given to 
 prepare any Compound Fluid Extract that may be desired. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Green Plant Fluid Extracts. 
 
 Fluid Extracts prepared from recently gathered herbs, barks, 
 flowers, roots, etc., have been extensively advertised by manu- 
 facturing houses, and some of them are deservedly popular 
 with physicians. Although they cannot have the same uni- 
 formity of strength as Fluid Extracts prepared from dry drugs, 
 yet many of them are stronger and better, especially such as 
 depend for their medicinal value upon volatile principles, which 
 would be lost by the process of drying. As there is no stand- 
 ard of strength established for green plant Fluid Extracts 
 except that the liquid shall be saturated with the medicinal 
 properties of the drug, the following general formula, which 
 is adapted for making all of them, is given. These Fluid 
 Extracts are called by some manufacturers concentrated or 
 specific tinctures : 
 
 1619. General Formula for Green Plant 
 Fluid Extracts. 
 
 The fresh drug, cut, bruised, crushed, dessicated, or otherwise 
 reduced to proper fineness for macerating and percolating, a 
 convenient quantity, Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Having 
 reduced the drug to the proper fineness, pack it in the water- 
 bath percolator, pour sufficient Alcohol upon it to saturate 
 and cover it, and set in a warm place for 2 days ; then heat 
 very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, 
 and continue until the liquid ceases to drop. Reserve this 
 portion and continue the percolation with Alcohol until the 
 drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from this last portion 
 until the residue is reduced to the consistence of thin syrup, 
 which add to the reserved portion to complete the fluid 
 extract. The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percola- 
 tion may be recovered by distillation. The following are the 
 drugs from which Green Plant Fluid Extracts are usually 
 prepared. The * denotes that the drug should be macerated 
 as soon as gathered, the + denotes that it should be partly 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 487 
 
 dried before macerating, and the £ denotes that the recently 
 gathered drug should be dried or nearly dried before making 
 up. Herbs should be gathered when in flower, roots and 
 barks in the autumn or early spring: 
 
 No. 
 
 LATIX NAME. 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 PART USED. 
 
 | 
 
 1620 
 
 
 Chinese Sumac 
 
 Root bark, crushed, f 
 
 1621 
 
 
 Star Grass, Unicorn . . . 
 
 1622 
 
 Amygdalus Persica 
 
 Common Peach 
 
 Leaves, bruised. * 
 
 1623 
 
 Arum Triphvllum 
 
 Indian or Wild Turnip. 
 
 Cormus, mashed.* 
 
 1624 
 
 Asclepias Tuberosa 
 
 Pleurisy or White Root. 
 
 Root, crushed, f 
 
 J 625 
 
 Baptisia Tinctoria 
 
 Wild Indigo 
 
 Root, crushed, f 
 
 1626 
 
 Berberis Aquifolium 
 
 Oregon Grape, 
 
 Root, crushed. % 
 
 1627 
 1628 
 
 Cimicifuga Racemosa. . . . 
 Cactus Grandiflora 
 
 
 Root, crushed, f 
 Fresh flowers, bruis'd.* 
 
 Fresh Plant, or 
 
 1629 Cannabis Sativa 
 
 American Hemp 
 
 Plant, bruised. * 
 
 1630 
 1631 
 
 Cereus Bonplandi 
 
 Chelidonium Majus 
 
 
 
 Garden Celandine 
 
 Leaves, bruised. * 
 
 1632 
 1633 
 
 Chionanthus Virginicus. . 
 Collinsonia Canadensis. . . 
 
 
 Bark, crushed. + 
 Root, crushed. { 
 
 Stone Root, Ox Balm. . 
 
 1634 
 
 Corydalis Formosa 
 
 Turkey Corn or Pea . . . 
 
 Root, crushed, \ 
 
 1635 
 
 Cypripedium Pubescens. . 
 
 Lady's Slipper 
 
 Root, cut and crushed. f 
 
 1636 
 
 
 
 
 1637 
 1638 
 
 Epilobium Paulustre 
 
 Eridiction Glutinosum. . . 
 
 
 
 Verba Santa 
 
 Leaves, bruised. * 
 
 1639 
 
 Eryngium Aquaticum. . . . 
 
 Water Eryngo 
 
 Root, crushed. * 
 
 1640 
 
 Euonymus Atropurpureus 
 
 Wahoo 
 
 Bark, crushed. \ 
 
 1641 
 
 Euphorbia Ilipericifolia. . 
 
 Large Spotted Spurge. . 
 
 Leaves, bruised. * 
 
 1642 
 
 Frankenia Grandifolia . . . 
 
 Verba Rheuma 
 
 Plant, cut. 
 
 1643 
 
 Gelsemium Sempervirens. 
 
 Yellow Jasmine 
 
 Root, crushed, j 
 
 1644 
 
 Gossypium ... 
 
 Cotton Root 
 
 Bark, crushed. \ 
 
 1645 
 
 Gnndelia Robusta 
 
 
 Herb, bruised. * 
 
 1 640 
 
 
 
 
 1647 
 
 Helonias Diocia 
 
 
 
 1648 
 
 Iris Versicolor 
 
 Blue Flag 
 
 
 1649 
 
 luglans Cineria 
 
 Butternut 
 
 
 1050 
 
 Leptandra Virginica 
 
 Culver's or Black Root. 
 
 Root, crushed. \ 
 
 1651 
 
 Lobelia Inflata 
 
 Lobelia 
 
 Herb, bruised. * 
 
 1652 
 
 Lycopus Virginicus 
 
 Macrotys Racemosa 
 
 1 l.nuthera Biennis 
 
 
 
 1653 
 1654 
 
 
 Root, crushed, f 
 Plant, bruised. * 
 
 Evening Primrose 
 
 1655 
 
 Penthorum Sedoides 
 
 Virginia Stone Crop . . . 
 
 Herb, bruised. * 
 
 [656 
 
 I'liyto'acca Deoandra. . . . 
 
 Poke, Skoke or Garget. 
 
 Root, crushed. | 
 
 lb 5 7 
 
 Polygonum Punctatum. . . 
 
 Water Pepper 
 
 I lerb, bruised. | 
 
 1658 
 
 I'olyinnia Uvedelia 
 
 Bearsfoot, Leaf Cup. . . 
 
 Root, bruised. * 
 
 1659 
 
 Populus Candicans 
 
 Balm or Balsam Gilead. 
 
 Buds, bruised. * 
 
 idhl) 
 
 I'telia Trifoliata 
 
 
 Bark, crushed. | 
 Leaves, bruised. |- 
 
 1661 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendon 
 
 Poison Oak or Ivy 
 
 1662 
 
 Rhus Aromatica 
 
 Aromatic Sumach 
 
 Root bark, crushed. * 
 
 
 
 
 
 1664 
 
 Senecio Aureus 
 
 
 
 Stillingia Sylvatica 
 
 Stillingia, Oueen's Root 
 
 Root, crushed. | 
 
 Root, crushed. \ 
 
 1661 Symplocarpus Fostidus. . . 
 
 1 abbage 
 
 [667 L'huja Oo identalis 
 
 [668 V n. ,1111111 Viride 
 
 
 
 American 1 Icllebore . . . 
 
 Root, ci nshed. * 
 
 [66g \ ibunura Prunifolium. . . . 
 
 Black I law 
 
 Root bark, crushed, f 
 
488 
 
 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Acetic Fluid Extracts. 
 
 A few Fluid Extracts made with Acetic Acid, instead of an 
 Alcoholic menstruum, have some merit and reputation ; as they 
 are all made by the same general formula and with the same 
 menstruum it is unnecessary to repeat the formula for each. 
 
 1670. General Formula for Acetic Fluid 
 Extracts. 
 
 To complete the formula for any Acetic Fluid Extract, 
 substitute the name of the drug and the required fineness of 
 powder in the following general formula : 
 
 The Drug in No. powder, . . . 1673 ounces av. 
 
 Acetic Acid, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the powder with the Acetic Acid, and macerate in 
 a closed earthenware, or glass vessel, for twenty-four hours ; 
 transfer it to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour 
 upon it a pint of water, and heat at once ; after one hour begin 
 to percolate adding water to the drug and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 14 fl. ounces have passed, which re- 
 serve. Turn off the heat and continue the percolation with 
 Water until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the last portion 
 to two fl. ounces and add to the reserved portion to make a 
 pint of the Fluid Extract. After standing a few days filter 
 through muslin. 
 
 The following drugs are those from which Acetic Fluid 
 Extracts are usually prepared. They may be made from any 
 other drugs which yield their virtues to Acetic Acid. 
 
 No. 
 
 1671 
 1672 
 1673 
 1674 
 1675 
 
 LATIN NAME. 
 
 Digitalis 
 
 Ergota 
 
 Lobelia 
 
 Sanguinaria 
 
 Scilla 
 
 COMMON NAME. 
 
 Foxglove 
 
 Ergot 
 
 Indian Tobacco . . . 
 
 Bloodroot 
 
 Squill 
 
 Part Used 
 
 Leaves. . . 
 Fungus . . 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Bulb 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 489 
 
 To make the 1870 Vinegars of these Fluid Extracts mix 
 two fl. ounces with 14 fl. ounces of water. 
 
 To make the 1880 Vinegars, mix 1% fl. ounces of these 
 Extracts with enough water to make a pint. 
 
 To make Syrup of Squill, mix 1 fl. ounce of the Acetic 
 Fluid Extract of Squill with 15 fl. ounces of Syrup. 
 
 Aqueous Fluid Extracts. 
 
 In this class of Fluid Extracts are included all those in 
 which water is mainly employed for extracting their medicinal 
 virtues, and in which Alcohol would be objectionable, either 
 as a menstruum, or for the uses required. In some, however, 
 Alcohol is added as a preservative. 
 
 But few Aqueous Fluid Extracts are used, but it is evident 
 that a larger variety might be employed with advantage by 
 the profession. Any drug which yields its medicinal value to 
 water may very properly be exhibited in an Aqueous Fluid 
 Extract, and the formulae which follow will be sufficiently ex- 
 plicit for making any preparation of this kind that may be 
 desired. 
 
 Several Aqueous Fluid Extracts are given in the Br. P. 
 under the name of Liquid Extracts 
 
 1676. Fluid Extract Bael Fruit — Belce Fructus, Bengal Quince, sEgle 
 Marmelos, Indian Bael. — Bael Fruit, cut in pieces, 16 ounces av., Water, 
 12 pints, Alcohol, 3 fl.ounces. Put the Bael Fruit loosely in the water-bath 
 percolator, pour upon it 4 pints of Water and macerate in a warm place for 
 12 hours, then draw off the liquid by the stop-cock and reserve. Pour on 
 the drug again 4 pints of Water, macerate for two hours and draw off as 
 before. Mix the liquids, evaporate them by gentle heat to 14 fl.ounces, 
 and after straining add 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol to preserve the extract and 
 complete the measure. This is an astringent aromatic demulcent, officinal in 
 the British Pharmacopoeia under the name Liquid Extract of Bael, but little 
 used in this country. 
 
 1677. Fluid Extract of Broom Tops, Aqueous — Sarotliamnus Scopa- 
 rius. — Broom Tops, in No. 20 powder, 10- ( ounces av., Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the drug with 10 ounces of Water and 
 macerate for 24 hours in a warm place ; then pack moderately in the water- 
 bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water, heat moderately, and after 
 
490 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and continuing the 
 heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the percolate 
 to 10 fi.ounces, filter and add through the filter enough Water to make n 
 fi.ounces, then add the Glycerin to make a pint of the tiuid extract. 
 
 1678. Fluid Extract Cascara Sagrada, Aqueous — Rhamnus Pru- 
 sJu'na. — Cascara Sagrada Bark in No. 30 powder 1673 ounces av., Glycerin 5 
 fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Glycerin with a pint of 
 Water and having moistened the powder with 10 ounces of the mixture, 
 macerate for 24 hours in a warm place; then pack moderately in the water- 
 bath percolator, pour upon it the remainder of the mixture, heat moderately, 
 and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and con- 
 tinuing the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the 
 percolate, by means of a water-bath to a pint, and after standing a few days 
 filter through muslin. The Br. P. directs Liquid Extract of Cascara 
 Sagrada to be made by boiling 1 pound av. of the bark in successive quan- 
 tities of Water till exhausted, then evaporating the strained liquors to 12 
 ounces and adding 4 ounces Alcohol. A fluid extract of Cascara Sagrada 
 is also made with Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum, but the Aqueous Extract 
 seems to contain all the valuable medicinal properties of the drug. 
 
 1679. Fluid Extract Golden Seal, Aqueous — Hydrastis without 
 Alcohol. Fluid Hydrastis. — Golden Seal (Hydrastis) in No. 30 powder, 
 1673 ounces av., Glycerin 6 fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
 Glycerin with 10 ounces of Water, moisten the powder with 8 ounces of the 
 mixture, and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place ; transfer to the water- 
 bath percolator, pack moderately, pour the remainder of the liquid upon it 
 and set in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately and after one 
 hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 13 fi.ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off 
 the heat and continue the percolation with Water until the drug is exhausted. 
 Evaporate this last portion to 3 fi.ounces, which add to the reserved portion 
 to make a pint of the fluid extract, and after standing a few days filter 
 through muslin. 
 
 1680. Fluid Extract Ipecac, Aqueous. — Ipecac in No. 30 powder 167/3 
 ounces av., Glycerin 6 fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the 
 powder with 12 ounces of Water and macerate for 24 hours, then pack 
 moderately in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water and 
 heat moderately at once. After one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
 Water to the drug, and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 
 exhausted. Evaporate the percolate to 10 fi.ounces, filter, and add enough 
 Water through the filter to make 10 fi.ounces; then add the Glycerin to 
 make a pint of the fluid extract. This formula makes a preparation which 
 is essentially the same as the officinal fluid extract ; but it is much easier 
 and less complicated to prepare. To make Syrup of Ipecac, mix 1 fl. ounce 
 of this extract with 1 5 fi.ounces of Syrup. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 491 
 
 1681. Fluid Extract Liquorice, Aqueous — For Quinine Mixtures, etc. 
 — Liquorice Root in No. 20 powder 16^ ounces av., Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, 
 Water of Ammonia 3 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Water 
 of Ammonia with 8 ounces of Water, moisten the drug with the mixture 
 and set in a warm place for one day, then pack moderately in the water-bath 
 percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water, heat at once, and after one hour 
 begin to percolate slowly, adding Water and continuing the heat and perco- 
 lation until the drug is exhausted. Reserve the first y 2 pint that passes, 
 evaporate the remainder to 3 fl.ounces ; mix it with the reserved portion, 
 and add the Glycerin to make a pint of fluid extract. After standing a few 
 days filter through muslin. This is an excellent adjuvant for quinine and 
 other bitter medicines. Liquid Extract of Liquorice of the Br. P. is made 
 by exhausting 1 pound av. of Liquorice Root with Water by successive 
 maceration and pressures, straining the liquors, evaporating to a sp. gr. of 
 1. 1 60 when cold, and adding l /o of its volume of rectified spirit. 
 
 To make Elixir of Liquorice for quinine mixtures, mix two fl.ounces of 
 this Fluid Extract with six fl.ounces of Syrup of Wild Cherry and half a 
 pint of simple elixir. To make Syrup of Liquorice, mix two fl.ounces of 
 the Fluid Extract with 14 fl.ounces of Syrup. 
 
 1682. Fluid Extract of Opium, Aqueous. — Powdered Opium, 4 ounces av., 
 Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Pour 8 ounces of Boiling 
 Water upon the Opium, and after macerating for 2 hours, having covered 
 the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a coarse piece of 
 muslin, pour the mixture upon it, heat to about 185 F. and begin to perco- 
 late, adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 
 the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the percolate by means of a water-bath 
 until it is reduced to 10 fl.ounces, filter and add enough Water through 
 the filter to make the measure 1 1 fl.ounces, then add the Glycerin to make 
 a pint of the Fluid Extract. Each minim of this Extract represents about % 
 grain ( >pium. Manufacturers have no definite standard for Fluid Extract 
 Of < >pium, many of them making it only the same strength as the Tincture. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Liquid Extract of Opium to be made so that the fin- 
 ished product shall contain 5 per cent, of Opium. 
 
 1683. Fluid Extract Senega, Aqueous — For making Syrup of Senega. 
 -Senega Root in No. 20 powder, 167^ ouncesav., Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water 
 of Ammonia, }{ fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder 
 with 10 ounces of Water and macerate for 24 hours, then pack moderately in 
 the water-bath percolator; pour upon it a pint of Water, heat very moder- 
 ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and 
 continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate 
 the percolate to 10 fl.ounces, add the Ammonia and strain through muslin, 
 adding through the strainer enough Water to make the measure 11 
 fl.ounces, and then add the Glycerin to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 
 In evaporating this Extract quite ;i precipitate of albuminous and starchy 
 matter is formed ; when the Water of Ammonia is added the valuable pot- 
 
492 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 tion of this precipitate, Polygalic Acid, is dissolved, and the remainder, 
 which is worthless, is retained on the filter. 
 
 To make Syrup of Senega mix 2 rl.ounces of this Extract with 14 fl.ounces 
 of Syrup. 
 
 1684. Fluid Extract Senna, Aqueous. — Senna, in No. 12 powder, 16^ 
 ounces aw, Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Pour upon 
 the Senna 4 pints of hot Water and steep with gentle heat for two hours, 
 pour off the Liquid, press the drug gently, and reserve the liquid ; pour two 
 pints more of hot water upon it, steep for half an hour, pour off and press as 
 before, adding the liquid to the reserved portion. Again pour on two pints 
 of Water, steep, pour off and press as before, adding the liquid to the re- 
 served portion. Evaporate the liquid to 10 fl.ounces, strain, add through the 
 strainer enough Water to make 1 1 fl.ounces, and then add the Glycerin to 
 make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 
 
 Aqueous Fluid Extract of Senna does not "gripe " as does that made with 
 a partly Alcoholic menstruum. Senna leaves may be percolated first with 
 Alcohol, to remove the principles which produce griping, and a fluid extract 
 may then be made with Water or Diluted Alcohol, in the ordinary manner. 
 
 Etherial Fluid Extracts. 
 
 Among the first Fluid Extracts that were officinal in the 
 U. S. were a number of preparations made with ether as a men- 
 struum that are now classed as oleoresins. Manufacturers 
 have furnished several Etherial Fluid Extracts which have had 
 more or less reputation, but none are now official and they 
 are rapidly going out of use, mainly because ether is an unstable 
 and disagreeable vehicle for the exhibition, of medicine. As 
 Etherial Fluid Extracts may, however, be required, we give 
 the following : 
 
 1685. General Formula for Etherial Fluid 
 Extracts. 
 
 To complete the formula for any Fluid Extract in this class 
 put the name of the drug and the fineness of powder required 
 in the following formula : 
 
 The Drug, in No. powder,. . . 167^ ounces av. 
 Ether, ) 
 
 Alcohol, \ 
 
 each, a sufficient quantity. 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 493 
 
 Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of the Ether 
 and pack quickly and firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour 
 upon it sufficient Ether to saturate and barely cover the drug, 
 and, having covered closely, set in a warm place for two days, 
 then pour hot Water in the water-bath surrounding the per- 
 colator, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alco- 
 hol to the drug and continuing the percolation until the drug 
 is exhausted. Reserve the first 14 fl. ounces that pass, evapo- 
 rate the remainder by distillation to 2 fl. ounces and add to 
 the reserved portion. 
 
 The Alcohol remaining in the drug may be recovered by 
 distillation. 
 
 The following drugs are those from which Etherial Fluid 
 Extracts are usually prepared. They may be made from any 
 other drugs which contain Oleoresins or principles best soluble 
 in Ether. 
 
 No. 
 
 LATIX NAME. COMMON NAME. 
 
 Part Used. 
 
 Powder 
 No. 
 
 1686 
 
 
 Whole fly . 
 
 60 
 
 1687 
 1638 
 1689 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 Digitalis Digitalis or Foxglove. . . 
 
 Ergota Ergot 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Fungus 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 Fluid Extracts of Gums, Resins, Etc. 
 
 Liquid Extracts. 
 
 This class of preparations (which are not in fact Fluid 
 Extracts as the term is generally applied, but which might 
 much more properly be called Liquid Extracts) seem superflu- 
 ous, ;m<l would not here be given but for the reason that they 
 are quoted and supplied by many manufacturers and will there- 
 fore be demanded by many druggists. 
 
 They are seldom used except to prepare tinctures or other 
 preparations which would be much better made from the sub- 
 stances themselves. They generally represent about 50 per 
 cent, of the drug from which they are prepared, although it 
 cannot be said for all of them that they represent as much as 
 is claimed for them. 
 
 1690. Fluid Extract of Aloes —I./i/ii id Extract of Aloes. — Socotrine 
 Aloes in No. 50 powder <S ■ j ounces aw. diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
 
494 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 Mix the Aloes with 10 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and heat moderately in 
 a tightly-stopped, wide-mouth bottle on a water-bath, for three hours ; then 
 strain through muslin and add enough diluted Alcohol through the strainer to 
 make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 
 
 To make the 1880 U. S. tincture, mix 3 fl.ounces each of the Fluid Extract 
 of Aloes and the Fluid Extract of Liquorice Extract with 10 fl.ounces of 
 diluted Alcohol. 
 
 1691. Fluid Extract Aloes and Myrrh —Liquid Extract of Aloes and 
 Myrrh. — Socotrine Aloes in No. 50 powder 4 ounces aw, Myrrh in No. 50 
 powder 4 ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Mix the powders with 1 2 
 fl.ounces of Alcohol and macerate them for seven days in a warm place, then 
 heat moderately on a water-bath for two hours and strain through muslin, 
 adding through the strainer enough Alcohol to make a pint of the Fluid 
 Extract. 
 
 To make Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh mix 6 fl.ounces of this Extract 
 with 10 fl.ounces of Alcohol. 
 
 1692. Fluid Extract Asafetida — Liquid Extract of Asafctida. — Asa- 
 fetida in coarse powder 8>< ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Mix 
 the Asafetida with an equal bulk of rice chaff and pack moderately in the 
 water-bath percolator ; pour upon it sufficient Alcohol to saturate and cover 
 the drugs, and set in a warm place for seven days ; then heat very moder- 
 ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and 
 continuing the heat and percolation until a pint of the Fluid Extract has 
 passed. This preparation seems entirely unnecessary, and would not be 
 given here except that several manufacturers quote such a Fluid Extract for 
 making Tincture of Asafetida. 
 
 To make Tincture of Asafetida mix 5^ fl.ounces with 11 fl.ounces of 
 Alcohol. 
 
 1693. Fluid Extract Benzoin — Liquid Extract of Benzoin. — Benzoin 
 in No. 50 powder, 8J/3 ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
 powder with a pint of Alcohol and macerate in a warm place for 3 days, 
 then, having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator 
 with a piece of coarse muslin or burlap, pour the mixture upon it, heat mod- 
 erately for two hours ; then begin to percolate slowly, adding Alcohol to the 
 drug after the percolate has ceased to drop, and continuing the heat and per- 
 colation until a pint of the Fluid Extract is obtained. 
 
 To make Tincture of Benzoin mix 6 fl.ounces of this Fluid Extract with 
 10 fl.ounces of Alcohol. 
 
 1694. Fluid Extract Benzoin Compound — Liquid Extract of Benzoin 
 Compound. — Benzoin, in No. 50 powder, 6^ ounces av., Purified Aloes. No. 
 50 powder, 1 ounce av., Storax, \ x / 2 ounces av., Balsam Tolu, 2% ounces av., 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the gums with a pint of Alcohol and 
 macerate in a warm place for 3 days, then, having covered the perforated 
 diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a piece of coarse muslin or bur- 
 lap, pour the mixture upon it, heat moderately for two hours ; then begin to 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 495 
 
 percolate, adding Alcohol to the drugs when the percolate has ceased to 
 drop, and continuing the heat and percolation until a pint of the Fluid Ex- 
 tract is obtained. 
 
 To make Compound Tincture of Benzoin mix 4 fl. ounces of this Fluid 
 Extract with 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol. 
 
 1695. Fluid Extract of Catechu — Liquid Extract of Catechu. — Cate- 
 chu, in coarse powder, %y$ ounces av., Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces, Water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Mix the Catechu with a pint of Water, and heat it on a 
 water-bath until the Catechu is dissolved ; strain through coarse muslin and 
 evaporate the liquid to 12 fl. ounces; when cool add the Alcohol, strain 
 through muslin and add enough Water through the strainer to make a pint 
 of the Fluid Extract. 
 
 To make Compound Tincture of Catechu mix 3^ fl. ounces of this Ex- 
 tract with t-Yt. fl. ounces of Fluid Extract of Cinnamon and enough Diluted 
 Alcohol to make a pint. 
 
 1696. Fluid Extract of Guaiac — Liquid Extract of Guaiac. — Guaiac 
 Resin, in coarse powder, 8 ';{ ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix 
 the Guaiac with 12 ti. ounces of Alcohol in a wide mouth bottle, and heat 
 moderately on a water-bath for 3 hours, then strain through muslin ; add 
 enough Alcohol through the strainer to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 
 
 To make the Tincture, mix 5^ flounces with 10;^ fl. ounces of Alcohol. 
 
 1697. Fluid Extract Kino — Liquid Extract of Kino. — Kino in No, 40 
 powder, 6 ounces av., Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces, Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix the Glycerin with 8 fi.ounces of Alcohol and, having mixed the Kino 
 with the liquid in a wide mouth bottle, stop tightly, and heat gently on a 
 water-bath until the Kino is dissolved, then strain through muslin and add 
 through the strainer enough Alcohol to make the measure a pint. 
 
 Two fi.ounces of this Extract mixed with 1 1 fl ounces of Alcohol and 
 3 11. ounces of Water makes the officinal tincture. 
 
 1698. Fluid Extract Liquorice Extract — Liquid Extract of Liquorice. 
 — Extract Liquorice, in No. 50 powder, 8 ounces av., Alcohol, 4 fi.ounces, 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Liquorice with a pint of Water and 
 heat it on a water-bath until the Liquorice is dissolved : strain through 
 muslin and evaporate to 12 11. ounces; when cool add the Alcohol; strain 
 through muslin, and add through the strainer enough Water to make a 
 pint of the fluid extract. 
 
 1699. Fluid Extract Myrrh — /./'quid Extract of Myrrh. — Myrrh in 
 moderately fine powder 8^ ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix 
 the Myrrh with an equal bulk of rice chaff, pack it moderately in the water- 
 bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol and set in a warm place for 
 seven days ; then heat very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate 
 slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until 14 11. ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat and con- 
 tinue the percolation with Alcohol until the drug is exhausted. Distill the 
 Alcohol from this last portion until only two ounces remain, which add to 
 
496 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 
 
 the reserved portion to make a pint of fluid extract. To make Tincture of 
 Myrrh, mix $% fl. ounces of this fluid extract with enough Alcohol to make 
 a pint. 
 
 1700. Fluid Extract Opium — Liquid Extract of Opium. — Opium in 
 coarse powder 4 ounces aw, Alcohol 8 fl. ounces, Water 8 fl. ounces, Diluted 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Opium with half a pint of Water, 
 and having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator 
 with a piece of burlap pour the mixture upon it and set in a warm place for 
 two days, then heat to about So C. ( 176 F.) for four hours, add half a pint 
 of Alcohol, and after half an hour begin to percolate, adding Diluted Alcohol 
 to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 14 fl.ounces have 
 passed, which reserve. Continue the percolation with Diluted Alcohol until 
 the drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol ()4 the measure) from this last 
 portion and evaporate the residue to a soft extract, which dissolve in the 
 reserved portion and add enough Diluted Alcohol to make a pint of the fluid 
 extract. To make Tincture Opium, U. S., 1870, mix $% fl.ounces of this 
 fluid extract with enough Diluted Alcohol to make a pint. To make Tincture 
 Opium, U. S., 1880, mix b% fl.ounces of this fluid extract with enough 
 Diluted Alcohol to make a pint. There is no particular standard among 
 manufacturers for making this fluid extract, many of them making it of the 
 same strength as Tincture of Opium. We have adopted this standard 
 because it seems best adapted to the wants and uses of druggists. Four 
 minims represents a grain of Opium. 
 
 1701. Fluid Extract of Opium, Deodorized — Liquid Extract of 
 Opium, Deodorized. — Opium in coarse powder 4 ounces av., Gasoline 
 (Petroleum Ether), 8 fl.ounces, Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient 
 quantity. Mix the Opium with a pint of Water, and having covered the 
 perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a piece of burlap 
 pour the mixture upon it and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat 
 to about 85° C. (185 F.) for four hours, and begin to percolate, adding 
 Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 
 exhausted. Evaporate the percolate to half a pint, and when cool mix with 
 it, in a quart bottle, half a pint of Gasoline, and agitate them frequently 
 during 24 hours ; then filter the mixture through a calico strainer, without 
 pressure, and afterward pour the Gasoline from the purified solution ; evapo- 
 rate by water-bath until no odor of Gasoline remains ; filter, and add to the 
 filtrate 4 fl.ounces of Alcohol and enough Water to make a pint of the 
 fluid extract. To make the 1870 strength Deodorized Tincture of Opium, 
 mix 5>£ fl.ounces of this fluid extract with 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol and 
 enough Water to make a pint. To make the 1880 Tincture, mix 6^ 
 fl.ounces of this fluid extract with 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol and enough Water 
 to make a pint. 
 
 1702. Fluid Extract Opium, Camphorated — Concentrated Extract of 
 Paregoric. — Powdered Opium 1 ounce av., Benzoic Acid 1 ounce av., Cam- 
 phor % ounce av., Oil of Anise 1 fl.ounce, Alcohol 12 fl.ounces, Water, a 
 
EXTRACTA FLUIDA. FEL BOVIS. 497 
 
 sufficient quantity. Macerate the Powdered Opium with 2 ounces of hot 
 Water for two hours. Dissolve the Benzoic Acid, Camphor and Oil of Anise 
 in the Alcohol, and having mixed the solution with the pulpy Opium mass, 
 macerate it for seven days, then filter through paper, adding enough Alcohol 
 through the filter to make a pint of the fluid extract. 
 
 To make Paregoric, mix 1 fl. ounce of this Extract, 1 fl.ounce of Glycerin, 
 and 14 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol. This may be colored by adding to it 
 half a fl. drachm of fluid extract of Liquorice Extract. 
 
 1703. Fluid Extract Tolu — Liquid Extract of Tolu. — Balsam of Tolu 
 8 y 3 ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Balsam with 8 ounces 
 of Alcohol in a wide mouth bottle, and, having stopped it tightly, heat on a 
 water-bath until the Balsam is dissolved ; then strain through muslin and add 
 enough Alcohol through the strainer to make a pint of the fluid extract. 
 
 To make the 1870 Tincture of Tolu, mix 3X fl. ounces of this extract with 
 enough Alcohol to make a pint. 
 
 To make the 1880 Tincture, mix 2^ ounces with enough Alcohol to make 
 a pint. 
 
 FEL BOVIS — OX-GALL. 
 
 Ox-gall is the fresh fluid obtained from the gall bladder of 
 Bos Taurus. In domestic medicine and the treatment of do- 
 mestic animals, it is considerably used as an ingredient of lini- 
 ments and lotions. In pharmacy it is used to prepare more 
 permanent preparations of Ox-gall, which are as follows, the 
 first two being official in the U. S. 
 
 1704. Fel Bovis Inspissatum — Inspissated Ox-gall. — Made by heating 
 fresh Ox-gall 100 parts or 10 ounces to a temperature not exceeding 8o°C. 
 (i76°F.), straining through muslin, and evaporating the strained liquid on a 
 water-bath to 1 5 parts, or 1 y 2 ounce. This is chiefly used as an ingredient 
 in pills. The dose is 5 to 15 grains. 
 
 1705. Fel Bovis Purificatus — Purified Ox-gall. — Made by evaporating 
 3 parts or 16 tl.ounces of fresh Ox-gall on a water-bath to 1 part or s l A 
 fl. ounces ; then adding 1 part or 6 fl. ounces, agitating, and setting aside for 
 24 hours, then decanting and filtering, distilling off the alcohol and evapo- 
 rating the residue to pilular consistence. The uses and dose are the same 
 as the preceding. 
 
 1706. Fel Bovis Preparatus — Prepared Ox-gall. — The liquid Ox-gall 
 is frequently required in liniments, and, as the fresh < >x-gall will not keep, the 
 following formula for a permanent liquid preparation is presented : 
 
 Ox-gall, fresh, 16 fl. ounces ; Alcohol, 5 fl. ounces ; evaporate the Ox-gall at 
 a temperature not exceeding 80' C. (176 V.) to 12 tl.ounces; add the Alcohol, 
 allow to stand 24 hours, ami decant the clear liquid. 
 
498 FERMENTUM — YEAST. FERRUM— IRON. 
 
 1707. FERMENTUM — YEAST. 
 
 The ferment obtained in brewing beer and by various other 
 processes is a vegetable growth [Cerevisice Fermentum), which 
 varies somewhat with the substance in which it is developed. 
 It appears as a foam or froth upon the surface of the ferment- 
 ing liquid, and is instrumental in converting the sugar of the 
 solution into alcohol with the evolution of C0 3 . It may be 
 cultivated by the addition of a little yeast to any saccharine 
 solution. It is used in medicine as a poultice for gangrene 
 and ulcers and is given in diabetes. In the form of Vienna 
 Yeast, which is prepared by fermenting an infusion of maize 
 and rye with barley malt, and preserved in various other forms,, 
 it is a well known article of household use. 
 
 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 Symbol, Fe ; Atomic weight, 55.9: Sp. gr. 7.84. 
 
 Iron is the most useful, abundant, and widely distributed of 
 the metals, and in pharmacy, as well as in the arts, holds the 
 first place for utility and value. 
 
 It occurs in nature in the form of ores, and is only prepared 
 in metallic form on a large scale. It melts at about 3300 F. 
 Heated with carbon it forms steel. It combines chemically 
 with all the non-metals except hydrogen and nitrogen, and 
 with most of the metals and the acids, forming a great variety 
 of important salts. 
 
 In the metallic state Iron is employed in pharmacy in the 
 form of fine bright annealed iron wire, which is chosen on 
 account of its purity and cheapness. Reduced Iron in the form 
 of powder is also employed for some purposes. In manufac- 
 turing chemicals in a large way coarser iron is used and the 
 salts obtained purified by various means. Iron is the base of 
 two important series of salts, ferrous and ferric, in the former 
 acting as a dyad and in the latter as a hexad. 
 
 Ferrum Pulveratum — Poivdered Iron — is official in the 
 G. P. and is considerably used in European countries. It is 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 499 
 
 made from good cast iron and contains some carbon. It is 
 known as Limatura Martis Prceparata. 
 
 The following are the official Iron salts : 
 
 1708. Ferrum Redactum. 
 
 Reduced Iron. 
 
 Sub-carbonate of Iron is first thoroughly washed with water 
 until freed from all traces of sulphate of sodium, then cal- 
 cined until free from moisture, and placed in a reduction tube 
 heated to. dull redness, through which a current of purified 
 hydrogen gas is made to pass for from 5 to 8 hours, or until 
 the oxygen of the iron salt has completely combined with the 
 hydrogen and escaped in the form of steam, leaving the re- 
 duced metallic iron in the form of a fine grayish powder. 
 
 Uses. — Reduced Iron or Quevenne 's Iron by Hydrogen, as it 
 is frequently called, is used in pharmacy for making pills, 
 lozenges, etc., and may be used instead of iron-wire for making 
 fine preparations, but is too expensive for general use. The 
 dose is from 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 1709. Ferri Arsenias, Br. 
 
 Arseniate of Iron. 
 
 This is prepared according to the Br. P., by dissolving 20^ 
 ounces av. of Sulphate of Iron in about one gallon of water, 
 and 15^ ounces av. of Arseniate of Sodium, dried at 300 F., 
 in about 6 pints of water, mixing the solutions and adding to 
 the mixture 4^ ounces av. of Bicarbonate of Sodium dissolved 
 in a little distilled water. The mixture is then thoroughly 
 stirred and the precipitate allowed to settle, and washed as is 
 directed for washing precipitates (page 44), until the washings 
 show no reaction with a dilute solution of chloride of barium. 
 The precipitate is then collected, drained, squeezed, and dried 
 • Hi porous bricks in a warm-air chamber, at a temperature not 
 ding ioo° F. 
 
 Uses. This salt is used as an alterative chalybeate, in 
 
 doses of ,',; to ' j grain. 
 
500 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 1710. Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus. 
 
 Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. 
 
 This salt is official in the U. S., Br., and G. Pharmacopoeias, 
 the method of preparing being slightly different in each, but 
 the resulting preparation being about the same. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, .... 10 parts or 10 ounces. 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, . . 7 parts or 7 ounces. 
 Sugar, in fine powder, ... 16 parts or 16 ounces. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 The Sulphate of Iron is to be dissolved in 40 fl. ounces of 
 hot distilled Water, and the Bicarbonate of Sodium in about 6 
 pints of warm distilled Water. The solutions are to be filtered 
 separately while hot, and the Iron solution gradually added to 
 the solution of Soda, and the resultant precipitate washed 
 with boiling distilled Water as directed (page 44), until the 
 washings give no reaction with test solution Chloride of Bar- 
 ium. The precipitate is then to be collected, drained quickly 
 and pressed, and mixed with the sugar in a porcelain capsule, 
 then evaporated by means of a water-bath to dryness, reduced 
 to powder, and kept in small, well-stopped vials. 
 
 It contains about ten per cent, of Iron. 
 
 This should not be mistaken for the Snbcarbonate of Iron, 
 also called Carbonate of Iron, which was formerly official. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as an Iron tonic, in doses of from 
 5 t° 30 grains. 
 
 171 1. Ferri Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Iron — Ferric Chloride. 
 
 Fe 2 Cl 6 .i2H 2 0. 
 
 This is official in the U. S. P., and is prepared as follows: 
 
 Iron Wire, cut in fine pieces 15 parts or 4 ounces av. 
 Hydrochloric Acid, ... 86 parts or 19 fl. ounces. 
 Nitric Acid, 
 Distilled Water, each a sufficient quantity. 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 501 
 
 Put the Iron Wire into a quart flask and pour upon it 54 
 parts or 12 fl. ounces of the Hydrochloric Acid, previously- 
 mixed with 25 parts or 6 fl. ounces of Water. Let the mixture 
 stand until effervescense ceases, then heat to boiling and filter 
 the solution through paper, adding a little boiling distilled 
 Water to the Iron Wire in the flask to rinse it, and passing the 
 rinsing through the filter. To the filtered liquid add 27 parts 
 or 6 fl. ounces of Hydrochloric Acid and pour the mixture 
 slowly and gradually in a stream into 8 parts or 12 fl. drachms 
 of Nitric Acid ; heat by means of a sand-bath until nitrous 
 fumes cease to be evolved, then test a small portion with a 
 freshly-prepared test solution of Ferricyanide of Potassium. 
 If a blue color results add a little more Nitric Acid and evap- 
 orate off the excess as before. Then add the remaining 5 
 parts or 1 fl. ounce of Hydrochloric Acid and enough distilled 
 Water to make the whole weigh 60 parts or 16 ounces av.,and 
 set aside, covered with glass, until it forms a solid crystalline 
 mass. Finally, break up the mass and keep in glass-stopped 
 bottles, protected from light. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used externally as a styptic and in solu- 
 tion as an application for sore throat, diphtheretic growths, 
 ulcers, etc. Also, as a tonic, in doses of 3 to 5 grains. 
 
 1712. Ferri Citras. U. S. 
 
 Citrate of Iron — Ferric Citrate. 
 Fe 2 (C H 5 O 7 ) 3 .6H 2 O. 
 
 This is directed to be made by evaporating solution of 
 Citrate of Iron, at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), 
 to the consistence of Syrup, and spreading it on glass so that 
 when dry the salt may be obtained in scales. 
 
 This salt should not be confounded with the Ammonio- 
 Citrate of Iron, which is very much more soluble. 
 
 This salt, being very slowly soluble, is used chiefly for mak- 
 ing pills, for which it is better adapted than the soluble salt. 
 The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 The solution of Citrate of iron from which this salt is pre- 
 pared yields 50 per cent, of the scaled salt. 
 
502 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 1713. Ferri et Ammonii Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium — Soluble Citrate of Iron — 
 Ammonio-Ferric Citrate. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs this to be prepared from the U. S. offi- 
 cial solution of Citrate of Iron by mixing 3 parts or 1 pint 
 with 1 part or 7 fl. ounces of Water of Ammonia and evapo- 
 rating the mixture at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. 
 (140 F.) to the consistence of syrup, which is to be spread 
 upon glass, so that, when dry, the salt may be obtained in 
 scales. It is more commonly known as Soluble Citrate of 
 Iron, and should be used in making elixirs, syrups, and all 
 preparations in which a soluble salt is desired. 
 
 Uses. — This is the soluble Citrate of Iron which is employed 
 for nearly all purposes, except making pills. The dose is from 
 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 1714. Ferri et Quininae Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs this salt to be made as follows : 
 
 Citrate of Iron (171 2), . 88 parts or n ounces av. 
 Quinine (Alkaloid), dried at ioo° C. 
 
 (2 1 2° F.), until it ceases to lose 
 
 weight, 12 parts or \]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt in 160 parts or 19 fl. ounces of Distilled 
 Water, by heating on a water-bath at a temperature not ex- 
 ceeding 6o° C. (140 F.). To this solution add the Quinine 
 and stir constantly until dissolved ; then evaporate the solu- 
 tion at the temperature previously stated to the consistence of 
 syrup, and spread on glass, so that when dry the salt may be 
 obtained in scales. 
 
 Uses. — This salt contains 12 per cent, of Quinine, is not 
 very soluble and is much used for making Bitter Wine of Iron 
 and other tonics, and for making pills. The dose is from 5 to 
 10 grains. 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 503 
 
 Citrate of Iron Quinine and Strychine is not an official salt, 
 but may be made by adding I part or 65 grains of Strychnine 
 (Alkaloid) to the above formula, at the same time the Quinine 
 is added. This contains 12 per cent, of Quinine and 1 per 
 cent. of Iron. It is sometimes used for making Elixirs or 
 Syrups of Iron Quinine and Strychnine, and in making pills. 
 
 This scale salt and the Citrate of Iron and Quinine, as found 
 in the market, generally contain only 10 per cent, of Quinine. 
 
 1 715. Ferri et Strychninae Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 
 The U. S. P. directs this salt to be made from : 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, 98 parts, or 490 grains. 
 
 Strychnine I part or 5 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 1 part or 5 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water ... . . . 120 parts or 1 1 fl. drachms. 
 
 Make in the same manner as directed for Citrate of Iron and 
 Quinine. It contains 1 per cent, of Strychnine and is used as 
 a bitter tonic in doses of 3 to 5 grains. 
 
 1716. Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium ■ — Ammonio-Ferric Sulphate — 
 Ammonio-Ferric Alum. 
 
 No process for making this salt is now official, but it may be 
 prepared by heating a pint of Solution of Tersulphate of Iron 
 to boiling and adding to it 2y 2 ounces av. of Sulphate of Am- 
 monium, stirring until dissolved and setting aside to crystal- 
 lize. This salt readily deliquesces in warm weather. It is 
 used as a styptic, generally in solution. 
 
 1717. Ferri et Ammonii Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Ammonium Ammonio-Ferric Tartrate. 
 
 Dilute 90 parts, or 1 3 fl. ounces, of Solution of Tersulphate of 
 
 Iron with 900 parts or 10 pints, of cold Water; dilute ~ 2 parts 
 
504 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 or 14^ fl. ounces, of Water of Ammonium with 180 parts or 
 2]^ pints of cold Water. Mix the two liquids and wash the 
 precipitate produced as directed (page 44), until the washings 
 cause but a slight turbidness to test solution of Chloride of 
 Barium. Drain and press the precipitate; dissolve 30 parts or 
 6 ounces av. of Tartaric Acid in 130 parts or i]4 pints of Dis- 
 tilled Water, neutralize the solution exactly with Carbonate of 
 Ammonium, then add 30 parts, or 6 ounces, more of Tartaric 
 Acid and dissolve by gentle heat ; in this solution while still 
 warm dissolve the moist Iron Precipitate, adding a small por- 
 tion at a time until no more will dissolve, then filter the solu- 
 tion, evaporate the filtrate to the consistence of syrup and 
 spread upon glass, so that when dry the salt may be obtained 
 in scales. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as a mild iron tonic in doses of 5 
 to 20 grains. 
 
 1718. Ferri et Potassii Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Potassium — Potassio-Ferric Tar- 
 trate, U. S. — Tartrated Iron, Br. 
 
 Mix 13 fl. ounces of Solution Tersulphate of Iron with 9 
 pints of cold Water. Mix 15 fl. ounces of Water of Ammonia 
 with 2 pints of cold Water, add the Iron Solution to the 
 Ammonia solution, precipitate, wash, drain, etc., as directed 
 in the previous formula. Put the drained precipitate into a 
 stone ware or porcelain vessel, and add to it 3 pints of dis- 
 tilled Water, heat the mixture on a water-bath to a tempera- 
 ture not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), add to it 6 ounces av. of 
 Bitartrate of Potassium, and stir until the iron precipitate is 
 dissolved, filter while hot and let the filtrate stand in a cool 
 place for 24 hours, then stir it well and cautiously add just 
 enough Water of Ammonia to dissolve the precipitate. 
 Evaporate the solution to the consistence of a thick syrup, 
 and spread upon glass so that, when dry, the salt may be 
 obtained in scales. 
 
 This is a mild, ferruginous tonic, and may be given in doses 
 of 10 to 30 grains. 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 505 
 
 1719. Ferri Hypophosphis. 
 
 Hypoplwsphite of Iron — Ferric Hypophosphite. 
 
 Fe 2 (H 2 P0 3 ) 6 . 
 
 No official process is given for making this salt ; but the 
 most convenient method is by the double decomposition of 
 Sulphate of Iron and Hypophosphite of Calcium. 480 grains 
 of pure Ferrous Sulphate in Crystals is dissolved in a pint of 
 hot Water and the solution added to a solution of 326 grains 
 of Hypophosphite of Calcium in a pint of cold Water. Sul- 
 phate of Calcium is precipitated and ferrous hypophosphite 
 held in solution, the solution is evaporated, and the ferrous 
 becomes a ferric salt, known as Hypophosphite of Iron. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is given in the form of pills or powders, 
 and is somewhat used in making solutions and syrups of the 
 Hypophosphites but it is not very soluble. The dose is 3 to 
 10 grains. 
 
 1720. Ferri Iodidum Saccharatum. 
 
 Saccharated Iodide of Iron — Saccliarated Ferrous Iodide. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs this preparation to be made as follows: 
 
 Iron Wire, cut fine, ... 6 parts or 60 grains. 
 
 Iodine, 17 parts or 170 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, 20 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, 80 parts or 800 grains. 
 
 Mix the Iron, Iodine and distilled Water in a thin glass 
 flask, shake the mixture occasionally until the reaction ceases 
 and the solution has acquired a green color, and lost the smell 
 of Iodine ; then filter through a wetted filter into a porcelain 
 capsule containing 40 parts or 400 grains of Sugar of Milk. 
 Rinse the flask and Iron Wire with a little distilled Water 
 and pass the rinsings through the filter into the capsule, and 
 evaporate on a water-bath, stirring constantly until a dry mass 
 remains. Transfer the mass quickly to a heated iron mortar 
 containing the remainder of the Sugar of Milk and rub them 
 
506 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 well together. Transfer at once to dry bottles, which must 
 be well stopped and kept cool and dark. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is not very stable after it is opened, and 
 is apt to decompose with the liberation of Iodine. It is used 
 in making pills and in powders, and may be given in doses of 
 i to 5 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Iron in the form of a solution is official in the 
 G. P. and is made by mixing Powdered Iron 30 parts, with 
 Water 100 parts, and gradually adding Iodine 82 parts, with 
 constant stirring. The solution is then filtered and a little 
 water added through the filter. This is a liquid, which may 
 be evaporated to a mass Fel 2 when required for pills. 
 
 The Iodide of Iron — Fel 2 — Formerly official in the Br. P. 
 was prepared by mixing i 1 /, ounce of Iron Wire with 3 
 ounces of Iodine and 12 ounces of Water in a flask, heating 
 gently for 10 minutes, and then boiling until the froth 
 becomes white. The solution is then rapidly filtered through 
 a calico filter and boiled down until a drop solidifies upon 
 cooling. 
 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron in the form of a salt is made after 
 a process patented by J. Cruse, by adding Citrate of Sodium 
 or Potassium to the solution as above prepared, sufficient to 
 deprive it of its peculiar ferruginous taste, and then evaporat- 
 ing. It is used in making several tasteless preparations of 
 Iodide of Iron. 
 
 1 72 1. Ferri Lactas. 
 
 Lactate of Iron — Ferrous Lactate. 
 
 Fe(C 3 H 6 3 ) 2 ,3H 3 0. 
 
 No official process is now given for making this salt, but it 
 was formerly prepared by mixing 240 grains of Iron filings 
 with Lactic Acid 1 fl. ounce and distilled water a pint, heating 
 the mixture by water-bath, and adding a little distilled water 
 from time to time to preserve the measure. When the action 
 has ceased, filter the solution while hot and set aside to crys- 
 tallize ; after two days decant the liquid, collect the crystals, 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 507 
 
 wash them with a little alcohol and dry on bibulous paper. 
 More crystals may be obtained by evaporating the poured off 
 liquid and again crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — Lactate of Iron is given for the same purpose as 
 other mild Iron salts. It is also used for making some syrups 
 and elixirs. The dose is from I to 5 grains. 
 
 1722. Ferri Oxalas. 
 
 Oxalate of Iron — Ferrous Oxalate. 
 FeC 2 4 .H 2 0. 
 This salt may be made by dissolving 960 grains of Sulphate 
 of Iron in a quart of water; 436 grains of Oxalic Acid in a 
 pint of water, adding the Iron solution to the Acid solution, 
 and washing the precipitate which results as directed (page 44), 
 then drying it by gentle heat. 
 
 It is but little used in medicine; the dose is 2 to 3 grains. 
 
 1723. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. 
 
 Hydratcd Oxide of Iron — Ferric Hydrate. 
 
 Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, 10 parts or 6 fl. ounces. 
 Water of Ammonia, .... 8 parts or Syi fi. ounces. 
 Water, a sufficient -quantity. 
 
 Dilute the Water of Ammonia with 20 parts or 1 pint of 
 cold water, and the Iron solution with 100 parts or 5 pints of 
 cold water; add the Iron solution, with constant stirring, to 
 the Ammonia solution and wash the precipitate which results 
 as directed (page 44). Then press and add enough water to 
 the mass to make the whole weigh 20 parts or 1 pound av. 
 This is known as moist Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Uses. — When freshly prepared this is used as an antidote 
 to Arsenical poisoning, and for detannating preparations as 
 elixirs, etc., which are to be combined with salts or solutions 
 of Iron. It loses its value by standing. The Br. P. directs 
 Hydrated 1'eroxide of Iron to be prepared with solution of 
 soda instead of Ammonia; but the result is the same. 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 1724. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia. 
 
 Hydrated Oxide of Iron witJi Magnesia. 
 
 This U. S. official is intended to be kept conveniently at 
 hand as an antidote for arsenical poisoning. The ingredients 
 are to be mixed when wanted for use. 
 
 Solution Tersulphate 
 
 of Iron, 1, 000 grains, or 1^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Magnesia {Calcined), . 1 50 grains. 
 Water a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the solution with twice its weight of water, and keep 
 the mixture in a well-stopped bottle properly labelled. Rub 
 the magnesia with water to a smooth thin mixture, transfer to 
 a quart bottle properly labelled and fill the bottle with water- 
 When wanted for use mix the two liquids by adding the mag- 
 nesia mixture gradually to the Iron solution, and shaking 
 them well together. 
 
 Uses. — In arsenic poisoning this mixture as thus prepared 
 is freely given, the whole quantity sometimes being used. 
 
 1725. Ferri Phosphas. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron — Ferric Phosphate. 
 
 This new U. S. official Iron Salt in scales being soluble, is 
 intended to fill the place of the gray powder, which has form- 
 erly been used as Phosphate of Iron (Ferrous Phosphate), which 
 was insoluble. 
 
 Citrate of Iron, 5 parts or 5 ounces av. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, ... 6 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, 10 parts or 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Iron in the Distilled Water by heat- 
 ing on a water-bath, add the Phosphate of Sodium to the solu- 
 tion, and stir until dissolved, then evaporate the solution at a 
 temperature not exceeding 6o°C. (i40°F.) to the consistence of 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 509 
 
 a thick syrup, and spread upon glass, so that when dry it may 
 be obtained in scales. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this salt in now much used in making 
 elixirs, syrups, etc., instead of the Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
 which was formerly directed, as it is less sensitive to excess of 
 acid, and more permanent in solution. In medicine it may 
 be given as a mild Iron tonic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron {Ferrous Phosphate) — Fe 3 (P0 4 ) 2 8H 2 0.— 
 The grayish or slate-blue amorphous powder which was form- 
 erly official in the U. S. P. is still retained in the Br. P. It is 
 made by precipitating a solution of 3 ounces of Sulphate of 
 Iron in 30 ounces of Water, with a solution of 2^ ounces of 
 Phosphate of Sodium and ^ ounce Bicarbonate of Sodium in 
 30 ounces of Water, washing the precipitate and drying at a 
 temperature not exceeding I20°F. 
 
 1726. Ferri Pyrophosphas. 
 
 PyropJiospJiate of Iron — Ferric PyrophospJiate. 
 
 Citrate of Iron, 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Sodium, . 10 parts or 10 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, 18 parts or 18 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Iron in the Distilled Water by heat- 
 ing on a water-bath, and add to the solution the Sodium salt, 
 stirring until dissolved ; then evaporate the solution to the 
 consistence of a thick syrup and spread upon glass, so that 
 when dry it may be obtained in scales. It is precipitated from 
 its solution by excess of acid. 
 
 Uses. — This salt has been much used in making elixirs, 
 syrups, solutions, etc., and is also employed in pills and pow- 
 ders. The dose is 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 1727. Ferri Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron Ferrous Sulphate. 
 rcS(),.7lL<>. 
 This salt, which is familiarly known as "Copperas," is usually 
 made on a large scale by manufacturing chemists from scrap 
 
510 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 iron and oil of vitriol, and purified for pharmaceutical use. It 
 may be made according to the Br. P. by dissolving 4 ounces 
 av. of Iron Wire with 4 fl. ounces (Imperial measure) of Sul- 
 phuric Acid mixed with 30 fl. ounces of distilled Water. When 
 the disengagement of hydrogen gas has nearly ceased, boil for 
 10 minutes ; then cool, filter the solution and set aside to crys- 
 tallize. After 24 hours collect the crystals, drain on porous 
 bricks, and when dry preserve in stoppered bottles. 
 
 Uses. — Sulphate of Iron is the basis of many of the other 
 salts of Iron, which are made by decomposing it. It is quite 
 astringent, and is used as a tonic astringent, both externally 
 and internally. The dose is 1 to 2 grains. The commercial 
 Sulphate of Iron (Copperas) is considerably used as a disin- 
 fectant and as a wash for trees to prevent worms and bugs. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium, or Iron Alum, is a double 
 salt of Iron, used in photography and other arts, and also 
 given for the same purposes as Sulphate of Iron. (See 1716.) 
 
 1728. Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus. 
 
 Dried Sulphate of Iron. 
 FeS0 4 .H 2 0. 
 This is prepared by heating Sulphate of Iron in an unglazed 
 earthen vessel moderately, until it has effloresced, then increas- 
 ing the heat to 149 C. (300 F.), and maintaining it at that 
 temperature until it ceases to lose weight, and, lastly, reducing 
 it to a fine powder. 
 
 Uses. — This is chiefly used in making pills, but is some- 
 times prescribed in powders. 
 
 1729. Ferri Sulphas Praecipitatus. 
 
 Precipitated Sulphate of Iron or Ferrous Sulphate — Granu- 
 lated Sulphate of Iron. 
 FeS0 4 7H 2 0. 
 Sulphate of Iron, . . 100 parts or 4 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, . . . 170 parts or 6y 2 fl. ounces. 
 Sulphuric Acid, ... 4 parts or 38 minims. 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
FERRUM — IRON. 511 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water, previously mixed with 
 the Acid, and filter the solution ; then pour it gradually, with 
 constant stirring, into an equal volume, about 8 fl. ounces, of 
 Alcohol, and set aside for 24 hours. Collect and drain the 
 precipitate, wash with Alcohol in a funnel until neutral, press 
 and dry without artificial heat and keep in well-stopped bottles. 
 
 Uses. — This is the same as Sulphate of Iron, but purified, 
 and is more convenient to use in making powders, pills, etc. 
 It is also much less liable to change than the crystalline salt. 
 The dose is 1 to 2 grains. 
 
 1730. Ferri Valerianas. 
 
 Valerianate of Iron — Ferric Valerianate. 
 Fe 2 (C B H 9 2 ) 6 . 
 
 This may be made by mixing solutions of Sulphate of Iron 
 and Valerianate of Sodium. Ferric Valeriate is precipitated, 
 and may be washed and dried. 
 
 Uses. — This is but little used in pharmacy and is seldom 
 prescribed. It is given as a tonic nervine, in doses of from 1 
 to 10 grains. 
 
 Other Salts of Iron. 
 
 Besides the foregoing salts of Iron, which are official, are 
 several others, which are more or less used in pharmacy: 
 
 1 73 1. Acetate of Iron — Fe g (C 8 H 8 0g) 6 . — Made by dissolving freshly 
 precipitated H yd rated Oxide of Iron to saturation in Acetic Acid, evaporat- 
 ing the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 1732. Benzoate of Iron — Fe 2 6C 7 H O 2 .6H 2 O. — By adding a solution 
 of Sulphate of Iron to a concentrated solution of Benzoate of Sodium, col- 
 lecting the precipitate, washing, and drying. 
 
 1733. Bromide of Iron — FeBr B .— By adding 2 parts of Bromine diluted 
 with 10 parts of Water to 1 part Iron Wire, and digesting with gentle heat 
 until the liquid assumes a greenish color and the reaction is completed, then 
 filtering and evaporating to dryness. 
 
 1734. Carbonate or Subcarbonate of Iron. — By dissolving 4 ounces of 
 Sulphate of Iron and \ l / 2 ounces of Carbonate of Sodium, separately, each 
 in 2 quarts of warm Water, mixing the solutions and washing the precipitate 
 
512 FERRUM — IRON. 
 
 with sweetened Water, and drying without heat. By exposure this is con- 
 verted into Ferrous Oxide. 
 
 1735. Ferrocyanide of Iron — Fe 4 (FeCN R ) 3 . — By dissolving Ferrocyanide 
 of Potassium and adding to it a solution of Sulphate of Iron as long as the 
 blue precipitate is formed, then washing the precipitate and drying. This is 
 known commercially as Prussian Blue. It is made soluble by the addition 
 of 20 per cent, or more of Oxalic Acid, and is then known as Soluble Bhie, 
 an article much sold for laundry bluing. 
 
 1736. Nitrate of Iron — Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 . — By concentrating a solution of 
 Nitrate of Iron by evaporation and crystallizing. 
 
 I 737- Oxides of Iron. — With Oxygen Iron combines in several propor- 
 tions. Ferrous Oxide FeO being unknown except in chemistry, as it rapidly 
 absorbs oxygen and passes into a higher oxide. Ferric Oxide Fe 2 3 which 
 is made by burning ferrous sulphate in a crucible until fumes cease to be 
 evolved. This is known commercially as Crocus Mart is, Colcothar, Rouge, 
 Red Oxide of Iron, Venitian Red, etc., as made for various uses. Magnetic 
 Oxide of Iron — Ferroso-Ferric Oxide — Fe 3 4 — a black magnetic Oxide 
 of Iron obtained in various ways and also occurring native ; and some other 
 forms not sufficiently important to notice. The German Pharmacopoeia 
 directs a soluble saccJiarated Oxide of Iron to be prepared by precipitating 
 30 parts of a solution Chloride of Iron, with a solution of Carbonate of So- 
 dium, adding solution of soda and of Bicarbonate of Sodium, washing the 
 precipitate under water and mixing it with 50 parts of sugar and drying. 
 
 1738. Persulphate of Iron — Monsell's Salt. — By evaporating a solution 
 of persulphate or tersulphate of Iron to dryness. Used as a styptic. 
 
 1739. Phosphate of Iron, White — Fe 2 2P0 4 4H 2 0.— Besides the official 
 scale salt, Phosphate of Iron (a compound salt) and the former official gray 
 powder, Phosphate of Iron (Ferrous Phosphate), a White Phosphate of 
 Iron (Ferric Phosphate) is made by mixing 4 ounces of solution of normal 
 ferric sulphate, with 1 ounce Acetate of Sodium in solution, and then adding 
 a solution of Phosphate of Sodium, and washing and drying the precipitate. 
 
 1740. Sulphide of Iron — FeS. — Made by heating a mixture of 3 parts 
 iron filings with 2 parts of sublimed sulphur in a red hot crucible, into which 
 it is introduced in small portions at a time. This is used for making sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen. 
 
 Iron Pyrites FeS 2 is another combination of Iron with sulphur, found 
 abundantly in nature. 
 
 Some other salts of Iron are used occasionally, but are seldom prepared 
 by pharmacists and are of but little interest. Of the unofficial salts of Iron 
 not previously mentioned the more important are the Lacto- Phosphate, Sali- 
 cylate, Succinate, Sulpho-Carbolate, Malate, and Tannate. Dialysed Iron in 
 scales, is mentioned on page 273. and the various solutions of Iron among the 
 solutions. 
 
FLUORINE. GELATINA — GELATIN. 513 
 
 FLUORINE. 
 
 Symbol F. ; Atomic weight, 19. 
 
 The element Fluorine has until recently resisted all attempts 
 to isolate it, but its isolation has lately (November, 1886,) been 
 accomplished by M. H. Moissan of Paris, who obtained it as a 
 colorless inflammable gas, from anhydrous fluoric acid, by 
 electrolysis. It is classed chemically with the halogens, chlor- 
 ine, bromine, and iodine, as its compounds are similar. 
 
 It is chiefly known by its compound with hydrogen, Hydro- 
 fluoric Acid, which reacts with metals, forming salts called 
 Fluorides. It also combines with boron and silicon forming 
 gaseous compounds. 
 
 1741. Hydrofluoric Acid — HF. — This is prepared by pouring concen- 
 trated Sulphuric Acid upon finely powdered Fluor Spar in a capacious 
 leaden retort, gentle heat is then applied and the gas which is evolved is col- 
 lected in a leaden receiver surrounded by ice. It is a colorless fluid vaporizing 
 at 59 F., and is chiefly known by its property of corroding glass. It is much 
 used for etching on glass. It must be kept in leaden bottles. 
 
 GELATINA — GELATIN. 
 
 When animal tissues, bones, tendons, ligaments, etc., are 
 boiled for some hours in water, and the water allowed to stand 
 sometime after becoming cold, a mass resembling jelly is 
 obtained. The finer varieties of this jelly thus prepared are 
 purified, evaporated to the proper consistence, spread into 
 sheets, dried on nets, and are known as Gelatin. The coarser 
 varieties, made from hoofs, hides and other refuse animal sub- 
 stances, arc made into Glue of various grades. Isinglass, or 
 Fisk-gluc, is a species of Gelatin prepared from the air bladders 
 of certain fish; but common Gelatin is often called Isinglass. 
 
 Gelatin, prepared in various ways, is largely consumed as an 
 article of food; in the arts it is extensively used for adhesive 
 
514 GELATINA — GELATIN. 
 
 purposes, for making Gelatin compositions, for making Gelatin 
 plates for photography, etc.; in pharmacy it is employed for 
 coating pills, making capsules, suppositories, etc., for fining 
 wines and liquors, and for many other useful purposes. 
 
 1742. Gelatin Capsules.— A solution of 1 part of Cox's or French Gelatine 
 in 4 parts of Water is made by first soaking the Gelatin for an hour or two in 
 the Water, then heating until the Gelatin is dissolved, and straining the solu- 
 tion. Metal molds of the proper shape are then dipped in the solution, which is 
 heated by a water-bath, and when cool, but still pliant, the Gelatin is removed 
 from the molds, and may be filled with any liquid and the orifice closed with 
 a drop of the Gelatin solution, or may be left empty (as they are now largely 
 used) for filling with powdered substances, quinine, etc. For some purposes 
 a small proportion — say 5 per cent. — of glycerin is added to the solution, 
 making them more elastic. Medicinal Pearls, which contain ether, volatile 
 oils, etc., are made of similar material but by different processes. 
 
 1743. Gelatin Coating. — For coating pills with Gelatin a solution may be 
 made with Gelatin 2 parts, Gum Arabic 1 part, Water 9 parts. The Gum 
 Arabic must first be dissolved in the Water, the Gelatin soaked with the solu- 
 tion, and the mixture then heated by water-bath and strained. The solu- 
 tion is kept heated by water-bath, and the pills, stuck on needles or pins, 
 are dipped in the solution and revolved in the air until the coating is suffi- 
 ciently firm to remove the pills from the pins. This makes a fine soluble 
 coating for pills. Various Gelatin-coating pill machines are in use. 
 
 1744. Gelatin Suppositories. — For making medicated suppositories, 
 bougies, etc., with elastic Gelatin, 3 parts of Gelatin are soaked in 2 parts of 
 Water and then dissolved by heat and 7 parts of Glycerin added. The solu- 
 tion is then strained and the required medicinal substances added, thoroughly 
 mixed, and the mixture poured into molds of suitable shape. If insoluble 
 substances are added, the mixture must be stirred until the moment it is run 
 into the molds, and the molds chilled with ice. Gelatin Suppositories are not 
 so readily soluble as those made with a cacao butter base, and cannot be 
 recommended as a good form of medication. Tannin is incompatible with 
 Gelatin, forming an insoluble compound, therefore cannot well be used in 
 Gelatin Suppositories. 
 
 1745. Liquid Glue.— Acids dissolve Glue, and acid solutions of Glue are 
 used as Liquid Glue and Cement, being more convenient to apply in this 
 form. The following formula; may be used : 
 
 Dissolve 4 ounces of good Glue or Gelatin in a pint of Acetic Acid, by the 
 aid of gentle heat, and add 20 drops of Nitric Acid, 5 drops Oil of Cloves, 
 and 1 ounce Glycerin. Or 
 
 Dissolve 5 ounces of good glue in a pint of Water, by the aid of heat, and 
 add 1 ounce of Nitric Acid. 
 
GLUCOSE AND GRAPE SUGAR. 515 
 
 1746. GLUCOSE AND GRAPE SUGAR. 
 
 Glucose, as it is now known on the market, is a syrup pre- 
 pared by the action of Sulphuric Acid on Starch, aided by heat. 
 The process by which the purified Starch is transformed into 
 Glucose is called conversion, and different grades of conversion 
 produce quite different results. When the Glucose syrup alone 
 is wanted the process of conversion is stopped when the Starch 
 has disappeared, the product being a mixture of Dextrin and 
 Glucose. This is often called Dextrin Syrup or Starch Syrup. 
 When solid Grape Sugar is desired, the conversion is continued 
 longer so as to convert the Dextrin still further into Dextrose 
 or Glucose. Many large manufacturing establishments in this 
 country are now engaged in the manufacture of Glucose and 
 Grape Sugar, which are extensively sold as articles of food 
 and employed by confectioners for manufacturing candy. In 
 pharmacy, Dextrine Syrup or Glucose is employed for sweet- 
 ening preparations in place of cane syrup or sugar, as it is less 
 liable to fermentation. Grape Sugar is used as an excipient 
 for pills, for making masses, etc., as it does not crystallize like 
 cane sugar. Lccvulose, Maltose, Du/cietose, Mannitose, and 
 Galactose are other Glucoses derived from various substances. 
 
 1747. Glucosides. 
 
 A class of neutral principles found in plants, which yield Glucose, 
 C a 1 1 1 ..< >,;. when decomposed are called Glucosides. They comprise a great 
 variety of substances, varying greatly in characteristics, some of them being 
 the active medicinal agents of the plants from which they are derived and 
 others being of no medicinal importance. They consist of Glucosidal resins, 
 Glucosidal tannins, bitter principles, sweet principles, etc., some being soluble 
 in Alcohol or ether, some in water, and some in other liquids. They are vari- 
 ously prepared and may be decomposed into Glucose and derivitive products 
 in several different ways, some by the action of dilute mineral acids, others 
 by alkalies, and others by the action of ferments. A few of the more import- 
 ant ones, as Salicin, Santonin, etc., arc official and are noted under other 
 headings. Their names all terminate with in, although all principles which 
 terminate with in are not Glucosides. As tluy arc so numerous, and pre- 
 sent such varying characteristics, they cannot well be included in a class, but 
 are included with the other general principles of plants. 
 
516 GLYCERINUM — GLYCERIN. 
 
 1748. GLYCERINUM — GLYCERIN. 
 
 Glycerin, as it is found in the market, is a sweet, viscid, col- 
 orless liquid, of about 125 sp. gr. and the consistence of thick 
 syrup. It was first made known by Scheele, in 1779, and was 
 formerly prepared as a by product of the manufacture of lead 
 plaster and soap, being now sometimes called for as Oil of 
 Soap. At present it is made commercially by distillation, the 
 process consisting in decomposing fats by super-heated steam, 
 under high pressure, the stearine of the fats (which is propenyl 
 tristearate) uniting with the elements of water to form Glycerin 
 and Stearic Acid. 
 
 Chemically, Glycerin is the hydrate of the radical Glyceryl 
 or Propenyl, C 3 H 5 , and is classed with the Alcohols, being 
 known as Glyceric Alcohol, Propenyl Alcohol, or Glycerol. 
 
 Glycerin is extensively used in the arts for various purposes, 
 and in pharmacy ranks next to Alcohol as a preservative of 
 medicinal solutions and a solvent of medicinal agents. It is 
 employed in making many fluid extracts, both as a preserva- 
 tive and a solvent ; it is used as an addition to solid extracts, 
 keeping them soft and pliable, and in making many solutions, 
 syrups, tinctures, and like preparations. In medicine it is 
 used to allay inflammation and irritation, both external and 
 internal, and it is a familiar household application for chaps, 
 sunburn, etc. It should be somewhat diluted before it is 
 applied, because of its affinity for moisture. The dose intern- 
 ally is a teaspoon ful or more. 
 
 1749. Nitroglycerin — C 3 H 5 (NOg) 3 3 . — Made by mixing 1 part of Nitric 
 Acid with 2 parts of Sulphuric Acid and adding to the mixture slowly and 
 with constant stirring, keeping the mixture cooled artificially as low as 8o°F., 
 one seventh of its weight of Glycerin. The mixture is then poured into a 
 large quantity of water and the oily liquid which settles to the bottom washed 
 with water containing an alkali. 
 
 Uses. — In mining operations Nitroglycerin is extensively used for blasting, 
 also for " shooting " oil and gas wells. Mixed with some inert absorbing sub- 
 stances, which makes it safer to handle, it is known as Dynamite, which is 
 much used for blasting, and in fire-works, etc. 
 
 In medicine, a 1 per cent, solution of Nitroglycerin is somewhat used for 
 nervous disorders, in very small doses. 
 
GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 517 
 
 GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. U. S. 
 
 Glycerina — Glycerines. Br. 
 
 Glycerites or Glycerines are preparations in which Glycerin 
 is used as the solvent of the medicinal agents, or the medium 
 by which it is exhibited. Two Glycerites are official in the 
 U. S. and eight Glycerines in the Br. Pharmacopoeia. Many 
 more are supplied under various names, as Glycerols, etc., by 
 manufacturing pharmacists. The following are those official 
 in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias, most of them being 
 intended for external application. Many of those official in 
 the present Br. P. were official in the 1870 U. S. P., but have 
 been deleted. 
 
 1750. Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici. Br. 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub them together in a mortar until the Acid is dissolved. 
 
 1751. Glycerinum Acidi Gallici. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Gallic Acid. 
 
 Gallic Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Stir together in a porcelain dish and apply a temperature not exceeding 
 212 F. until complete solution is effected. 
 
 1752. Glycerinum Acidi Tannici. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Tannic Acid. 
 
 Tannic Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Stir them together in a porcelain dish and apply a temperature not exceed- 
 ing that of a water-bath until complete solution is effected. 
 
 1753 Glycerinum Aluminis. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Alum. 
 
 Alum, in line powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 5 fl.ounces. 
 
 Stir thriii together in a porcelain dish, gently applying heat until solution 
 ted. Set aside and pour off the clear fluid from any deposited matter. 
 
518 GLYCERITA — GLYCERITEJ 
 
 1754. Glyceritum Amyli. U. S. Glycerinum Amyli. Br. 
 
 Glycerite or Glycerine of Starch. 
 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Starch 1 part or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 
 
 Rub them together and heat to 140 C. (284 F.), stirring constantly until 
 uniformly gelatinous. 
 
 The Br. formula is Starch 1 ounce av., Glycerin 5 flounces, distilled Water 
 3 fl. ounces. Stir them together in a porcelain dish and apply heat, stirring 
 constantly until the starch particles are completely broken and a translucent 
 jelly is formed. 
 
 The U. S. preparation is of much firmer consistence than the Br. 
 
 Uses. — Glycerite of Starch is used in pharmacy as an excipient for pills and 
 a body for suppositories, and may be used in making troches and masses. In 
 medicine it is employed as an application to irritated surfaces, chafe, etc. 
 
 By perfuming with essential oils or bulk perfumes this makes an elegant 
 toilet preparation, which may be sold as Amy line, for uses similar to Cam- 
 phor Ice. 
 
 1755. Glycerinum Boracis. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Borax. 
 
 Borax, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 2 flounces. 
 
 Rub them together in a mortar until the Borax is dissolved, or heat gently 
 until solution is effected. 
 
 1756. Glycerinum Plumbi Subacetatis. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Subacetate of Lead. 
 
 Acetate of Lead 5 ounces av. 
 
 Oxide of Lead, in powder y/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 12 flounces. 
 
 Mix together and boil for fifteen minutes, then filter and evaporate until 
 the Water is dissipated, which may be known when steam no longer rises. 
 
 I 757- Glycerinum Tragacanthae. Br. 
 
 Glycerine or Glycerite of Tragacanth. 
 
 Tragacanth, in powder, no grains or 3 parts. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 flounce or 12 flparts. 
 
 Distilled Water \% fl.drachm or 2 flparts. 
 
 Mix the Tragacanth with the Glycerin in a mortar, add the Water and rub 
 until a translucent homogeneous jelly is produced. 
 
GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 519 
 
 1758. Glyceritum Vitelli. U. S. 
 
 Glycerite of Yolk of Egg — Glyconin. 
 
 Fresh Yolk of Egg, by weight 4^ ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, by weight 5X ounces. 
 
 Rub the Yolk of Egg with the Glycerin gradually added until they are 
 thoroughly mixed. 
 
 This is used in pharmacy for making emulsions. 
 
 Other Glycerites. 
 
 The following Glycerites are not official in any Pharmaco- 
 poeia, but some of them are considerably used. 
 
 1759. Glycerite of Albumen. 
 
 Albumen, White of Egg, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly, allow to stand 24 hours and strain through a cloth 
 strainer. 
 
 This is a bland application for chap, chafe, or any irritation of the skin. 
 As the Glycerin is absorbed a thin coating of Albumen is left on the surface, 
 which protects it from contact of the air. 
 
 By adding ]/ 2 ounce of any good bulk perfume to this preparation it makes 
 an elegant toilet article. 
 
 1760. Glycerite of Arnica. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Arnica 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extract, Alcohol, and Water and filter the mixture clear, 
 then add the ( '.lycerin. 
 
 1761. Glycerite of Bismuth. 
 
 Tris-nitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 4 11. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Bismuth in the Glycerin, without heat. It is the 
 crystallized Nitrate of Bismuth (312), not the subnitrate, which is directed 
 in this formula. 
 
520 GLYCERITA — GLYCE RITES. 
 
 1762. Glycerite of Calendula. 
 
 Calendula (Marigold Flowers) 3 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin 8 flounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 8 ounces of Water, moisten the flowers with the 
 mixture and make a tincture by water-bath percolation, adding Water to the 
 drug sufficient to make a pint of the percolate. 
 
 1763. Glycerite of Camphor-Chloral. 
 
 Camphor, in powder, 75 grains. 
 
 Chloral 60 grains. 
 
 Oil of Juniper 30 minims. 
 
 Glycerin 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 5 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mix in a bottle and heat gently, not over 104 F., until dissolved, cool, and 
 keep well stopped. 
 
 1764. Glycerite of Carbolate of Iodine. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Iodine, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 flounces. 
 
 Water 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, ' 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the Glycerin and add the Water, dissolve the 
 Iodine in the Alcohol and mix the solutions. 
 
 1765. Glycerite of Hypophosphites. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium 256 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium 64 grains. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Hypophosphites to a very fine powder and dissolve by rubbing in 
 a mortar with successive portions of the mixed Glycerin and Water, previ- 
 ously warmed. When dissolved strain through muslin or filter. A fl. drachm 
 represents 3^ grains of the mixed Hypophosphites. The dose is a teaspoon- 
 ful to a dessertspoonful. It is considerably used in place of the Syrup of 
 Hypophosphites. 
 
GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 521 
 
 1766. Glycerite of Iodine. 
 
 {Colorless Tincture or Solution of Iodine.) 
 
 Tincture of Iodine 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Sodium salt to a fine powder and then with the Glycerin until dis- 
 solved, and add the Tincture to the solution, allow to stand, and filter or 
 decant. This is a Glycerite of Iodide of Sodium, but is more familiarly 
 known as Colorless Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 1767. Glycerite of Pepsin. 
 
 Pepsin in scales, or Pure Pepsin 64 grains. 
 
 Concentrated Lactic Acid 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin to a powder and then with the Water and Glycerin previ- 
 ously mixed, add the Lactic Acid and allow to stand a few days, with occa- 
 sional agitation, then strain or filter. A fl.drachm contains % grain of pure 
 Pepsin, equivalent to 5 grains saccharated Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoon- 
 ful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 1768. Glycerite of Pepsin and Wafer Ash. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wafer Ash (Ptelea) 1 flounce. 
 
 Glycerite of Pepsin, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing a few days, filter. A fl.drachm represents 
 about 2> l A grains Wafer-Ash bark combined with Glycerite of Pepsin. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 1769. Glycerite of Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus 3 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 1 pint. 
 
 Shave the Phosphorus under water and mix with 1 ll.ounce of the Glyce- 
 rin, melt in a water-bath and shake together in a well-stopped bottle ; warm 
 the remainder of the Glycerin to about 120° F. and add to the mixture. A 
 fl.drachm contains about r \, grain Phosphorus. 
 
 1770. Glycerite of Quinine. 
 
 Bisulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 
 
 Water 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 8 ll. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Water and Glycerin and dissolve the Quinine salt by rubbing in a 
 mortar with the mixture. A ll. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. 
 
T)22 GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 
 
 1771. Glycerite of Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Glycerite of Quinine, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with the Glycerite of Quinine, or 
 add 2 ti drachms solution of Strychnine to a pint of the Glycerite of Qui- 
 nine. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Quinine Bisulphate and ^ grain 
 Strychnine Sulphate. 
 
 Other combinations of Glycerite of Quinine with the salts of Iron, etc., may 
 be made by adding the required salts in solution to the Glycerite of Quinine. 
 
 1772. Glycerite of Tar. 
 
 Tar, Pine or Birch, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, . . ■ 8 flounces. 
 
 Alcohol 3 flounces. 
 
 Water, o fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder and incorporate the 
 Tar with it. Mix the Glycerin, Alcohol and Water and rub with the mixture 
 in a mortar, then put in a quart jar, allow to stand a few days, and decant 
 and filter the clear portion. This is given for coughs in doses of a teaspoon- 
 ful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 J 773- Glycerite of Tar Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry %. fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Squill, 80 minims. 
 
 Glycerite of Tar, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them and filter if necessary. The dose is a teaspoonful or more for 
 coughs, etc. 
 
 1774. Glycerite of Yerba Santa Compound. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Yerba Santa, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Wild Cherry 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Liquorice 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 160 grains. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 80 grains. 
 
 Tar, 80 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts and Tar and rub with the Carbonate of Magne- 
 sium in a mortar, mix the Glycerin and Water and rub with the mixture in 
 the mortar, filter and dissolve the Bromide of Potassium and Salicylic Acid 
 in the filtrate. The dose is a teaspoonful or more for cough, asthma, etc. 
 
GLYCYRRHIZINU.M AMMONIATUM. HYDRARGYRUM. 523 
 
 1775. GLYCYRRHIZINUM AMMONIATUM. 
 
 A nuiwniated Glycyrrhizin. 
 (MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION.) 
 
 Liquorice Root, in No. 20 powder 16 ounces. 
 
 YVater, \ 
 
 Water of Ammonia, - each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, ) 
 
 Mix 1 ounce of YVater of Ammonia with a pint of Water and moisten the 
 drug with 6 ounces of the mixture ; pack moderately in the water-bath per- 
 colator, and having poured the remainder of the mixed Water and Ammonia 
 upon it, cover it closely and set in a warm place for one day ; then heat very 
 moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug 
 and continuing the percolation and heat until two pints have passed, or until 
 the drug is exhausted. Add to the percolate slowly (stirring at the same 
 time) Sulphuric Acid, so long as a precipitate is produced ; collect this on a 
 strainer, wash it and redissolve in Water with the aid of Water of Ammonia, 
 filter if necessary, and again add Sulphuric Acid so long as a precipitate is 
 formed. Collect again on a strainer, wash with cold Water as before, and 
 dissolve with just sufficient Water of Ammonia diluted with an equal quan- 
 tity of Water. Finally, pour on plates of glass and set in a warm place to 
 evaporate. The product is in scales. It is used chiefly in solution for mask- 
 ing the taste of disagreeable or bitter medicines. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 
 
 Symbol, Hg; Atomic weight, 199.7; sp. gr., 13.59. 
 
 Mercury, or Quicksilver, is a fluid metal, found chiefly asso- 
 ciated with sulphur in the form of ore, called Cinnabar, in 
 California and other parts of the world. It is obtained by 
 roasting the ore in kilns through which flames are made to pass, 
 which ignite the sulphur and vaporize the Mercury, which is 
 subsequently condensed. It congeals into a solid at — 40 F. 
 
 Mercury has been known and used since the earliest history 
 of medicine-, wonderful virtues being ascribed to it by the 
 earlier writers and practitioners. It is extensively used in 
 mining operations to separate silver and gold from crushed 
 quartz, sand, etc., which it does by forming an amalgam with 
 
524 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 
 
 them. It is employed for making thermometers, barometers, 
 and other philosophical instruments, and, with tin foil, making 
 an amalgam for glass mirrors, etc. Its salts are extensively- 
 employed in the arts, in chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. 
 It combines with most acids, forming two classes of salts, 
 Mercurous and Mercuric. 
 
 The following are the combinations and salts of Mercury 
 official in the U. S., Br., and German Pharmacopoeias : 
 
 1776. Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum. 
 
 Ammoniatcd Mercury — White Precipitate. 
 
 NH 2 HgCl. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs 10 parts or 1 ounce av. of Corrosive 
 Chloride of Mercury to be dissolved in 200 parts or 20 fl. ounces 
 of warm distilled Water, and the solution to be filtered and 
 allowed to cool. The filtrate is then carefully poured, with 
 constant stirring, into 15 parts, or \ l /i fi. ounces of Water of 
 Ammonia, which should be in slight excess. Then collect the 
 precipitate, drain on a filter and wash twice with 20 parts or 2 
 fl. ounces of Distilled Water mixed with 1 part or 50 minims 
 of Water of Ammonia. Finally, dry between sheets of 
 bibulous paper at a temperature not exceeding 30 C. (86° F.). 
 The Br. process is about the same. The salt obtained is a 
 Chloride of Mercuric-Ammonium. 
 
 Uses. — This is used chiefly for making ointment. 
 
 1777. Hydrargyrum cum Crete. 
 
 Mercury with Chalk. 
 
 The U. S. P. directs Mercury 38 parts or 167 grains, Sugar 
 of Milk 12 parts or 53 grains, Prepared Chalk 50 parts or 218 
 grains, Ether and Alcohol, each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 The Mercury, Sugar of Milk and 12 parts or 53 grains of 
 the Chalk are put into a suitable mortar and moistened with a 
 mixture of equal parts of Ether and Alcohol, and briskly 
 triturated. The remainder of the Chalk is gradually added, 
 
HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 525 
 
 the powder is occasionally moistened with the Alcohol and 
 Ether and the trituration continued until Globules of 
 Mercury are no longer visible under a magnifying power of 
 10 diameters, and the powder is of a uniform gray color, and 
 dry. The process may be hastened by using Tincture Tolu 
 in place of Alcohol. The Br. P. directs Mercury I ounce by 
 weight, and prepared Chalk 2 ounces by weight, to be rubbed 
 together in a mortar until the Mercury is extinguished and 
 they are uniformly mixed as above. 
 
 Uses. — This is a mild form of Mercury considerably used 
 for children. The dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 
 
 Mercury with Magnesia is made in the same proportion and 
 manner and is used for the same purposes. 
 
 1778. Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. 
 
 Calomel — Mild Chloride of Mercury — Mercurous Chloride — 
 Subchioride of Mercury. 
 
 Hg CI. 
 
 No formula nor process of making is given in the present 
 U. S. P., for this salt, but under the heading Subchioride of 
 Mercury the Br. P. directs Persulphate of Mercury 10 ounces, 
 Mercury 7 ounces, Chloride of Sodium 5 ounces, Boiling Dis- 
 tilled Water a sufficiency. The Persulphate of Mercury is 
 to be moistened with some of the Water and rubbed with the 
 Mercury until globules are no longer visible. The Chloride 
 of Sodium is then to be added and thoroughly mixed by 
 trituration. The mixture is then to be sublimed in a suitable 
 apparatus of such si/.e that the Calomel shall fall in a fine 
 powder on the floor instead of adhering to the sides of the 
 vessel. The powder is then to be washed with boiling Dis- 
 tilled Water,and dried at a temperature not exceeding boiling 
 water. 
 
 Uses. Calomel is used in making several other prepara- 
 tions of Mer*cury, and is the favorite mercurial salt lor internal 
 
 administration as an alterative and purgative. The dose is l /> 
 rain - or more. 
 
526 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 
 
 1779. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. 
 
 Corrosive Chloride of Mercury — Corrosive Sublimate — Mercuric 
 Chloride — Bichloride of Mercury — Perchloride of Mercury. 
 
 HgCl 2 . 
 
 The present U. S. P. does not give the formula nor process 
 of making this salt. The Br. P. under the name Perchloride 
 of Mercury directs 20 ounces of Persulphate of Mercury to 
 be mixed with 16 ounces of Chloride of Sodium and I ounce 
 of Black Oxide of Manganese, and heated together in an 
 apparatus adapted for sublimation, by which the vapors which 
 rise are condensed. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used for making several other prepara- 
 tions of mercury and in medicine as a mercuric alterative in 
 doses of -Jg- to l /i grain. It is also extensively employed in 
 weak solutions to destroy zymotic germs, and by surgeons to 
 prevent poisoning during operations. 
 
 Antidote. — The best antidote for 'poisoning with Corrosive 
 Sublimate is albumen (white of egg). 
 
 1780. Hydrargyri Cyanidum. 
 
 Cyanide of Mercury — Mercuric Cyanide. 
 Hg(CN) 2 . 
 
 No process for making this salt is given in the present 
 U. S. P., but it may be made from the process formerly 
 official, which is as follows : 
 
 Dissolve 5 tr.ounces of Ferrocyanide of Potassium in 20 
 fl. ounces of Water and add the solution to 4^ tr.ounces of 
 Sulphuric Acid, diluted with 10 fl. ounces of Water and con- 
 tained in a glass retort. Distill the mixture nearly to dryness, 
 conducting the vapor into a receiver containing 10 fl. ounces 
 of Water and 3 tr.ounces of Red Oxide of Mercury. Set 
 aside 2 fl. ounces of the distilled liquid and to the remainder 
 add, with agitation, sufficient Red Oxide to destroy the odor 
 of Hydrocyanic Acid, then filter the solution, and having 
 added the reserved liquid evaporate the whole in a dark place, 
 
HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 527 
 
 in order that crystals may form, which should be kept in a 
 well stopped bottle protected from the light. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as an alterative in Syphilis, in 
 doses of yL to }4 grain. 
 
 1781. Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury — Biniodide of Mercury — Mercuric Iodide. 
 Hg I,. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 9 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 Iodide of Potassium, ... 11 parts or 535 grains. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Mercury salt in 150 parts or a pint of warm 
 Distilled Water and the Iodide in 30 parts or 3 fl. ounces of 
 Distilled Water and filter the solutions separately. Add the 
 Mercury solution to the solution of Iodide of Potassium, con- 
 stantly stirring. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash it 
 with Distilled Water until the washings cease to give a pre- 
 cipitate with a test solution of Nitrate of Silver, and dry it 
 between sheets of bibulous paper at a temperature not 
 exceeding 40° C. ( 140 F.), and keep in well stopped bottles. 
 The Br. formula is similar. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is given in doses of ^V to l /% of a grain for 
 syphilis, etc., and is used in making ointments, and other 
 absorbent applications. 
 
 1782. Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride. 
 
 Green Iodide of Mercury — Pro/ iodide of Mercury — 
 
 Mercurous Iodide. 
 
 Hg a I a . 
 
 Mercury 8 parts or i ounce av. 
 
 Iodine 8 parts or 274 -rains. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 I'our about 3 parts or ' _. tl. ounce of Alcohol into a mortar 
 containing the Mercury, add the Iodine in successive portions 
 
528 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 
 
 and triturate the mixture, adding sufficient Alcohol from time 
 to time to keep the mass constantly moist and taking care 
 that it shall neither become too hot nor be exposed to light 
 during the various steps of the process. Continue the tritura- 
 tion until all the globules of Mercury have disappeared and the 
 mixture has become nearly dry and has acquired a greenish- 
 yellow color. Then add sufficient Alcohol to reduce the 
 whole to a thin paste ; pour this into a bottle, let stand for 
 several days and then wash the Iodide twice with about 50 
 parts or 8 fl. ounces of Alcohol each time and decant the 
 washings. Transfer the Iodide to a filter and continue the 
 washing with Alcohol until the washings are no longer affected 
 by Hydrosulphuric Acid. Lastly, dry the product in a dark 
 place, between sheets of bibulous paper, at a temperature not 
 exceeding 40 C. (104 F.), and keep in well stopped bottles, 
 protected from light. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as an alterative and absorbent; 
 being milder than the Red Iodide, it is better adapted for 
 internal use. Dose, 1 grain. 
 
 1783. Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum. 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Mercury — Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 
 
 HgO. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 1 part or 1 ounce av. 
 Solution of Potassa, ... 9 parts or S}4 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Mercury Salt in 100 parts or about 6 pints of 
 warm, Distilled Water, and filter the solution ; pour the filtrate 
 into the Solution of Potassa previously diluted with 100 parts 
 or 6 pints of Distilled Water, stirring constantly, and set aside 
 for 24 hours: then decant the supernatant clear liquid from 
 the precipitate, and wash the latter repeatedly with Distilled 
 Water until the washings cease to be affected by a test solu- 
 tion of Nitrate of Silver. Let the precipitate drain, and diy 
 it between sheets of bibulous paper in a dark place, at a 
 
HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 529 
 
 temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.). The British 
 formula is essentially the same, except that Solution of Soda 
 is used. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this salt is used for making Oleate 
 of Mercury and in making ointments, etc. It is not admin- 
 istered internally. 
 
 1784. Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Oxide of Mercury — Red Precipitate — Red Mercuric Oxide. 
 HgO. 
 Although this salt is chemically the same as the preceding 
 one, it presents an entirely different appearance. The present 
 U. S. P. gives no formula for preparing it. The following is 
 the formula of the Br. P.: 
 
 Mercury, by weight, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 4^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve half the Mercury in the Nitric Acid, diluted with 
 the Water, evaporate the solution to dryness and with the dry 
 salt thus obtained, triturate the remainder of the Mercury 
 until the two are uniformly blended together. Heat the 
 mixture in a porcelain dish, with repeated stirring, until acid 
 vapors cease to be evolved. 
 
 Uses. — Red Precipitate, as it is most familiarly known, is 
 used in pharmacy for preparing an ointment and for other 
 purposes. It is a favorite domestic application in the form of 
 ointment for Itch, body-vermin, etc. It is not administered 
 internally. 
 
 1785. Hydrargyri Persulphas. 
 
 Persulphate of Mercury — Sulphate of Mercury — Mer- 
 curic Sulphate. 
 
 HgS0 4 . 
 This salt is official in the Br. P., but not in the U. S. P. 
 It is known commercially as Sulphate of Mercury, and is 
 
530 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 
 
 considerably used in batteries for generating electricity. It is 
 made by heating together in a porcelain vessel, with constant 
 stirring, 10 ounces av. of Mercury and 6 fl. ounces Sulphuric 
 Acid until they are combined, and continuing the heat until 
 the moisture has evaporated and a dry, white salt remains. 
 It is a white, heavy crystalline powder, and in British Phar- 
 macy is used for making Perchloride of Mercury and Sub- 
 chloride of Mercury. 
 
 1786. Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus. 
 
 Yellow Subsulphate of Mercury — Basic Mercuric Sulphate — 
 Turpcth Mineral. 
 
 Hg(HgO) 3 S0 4 . 
 
 Mercury, 10 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, ... 5 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 4 parts or 4^ fl. drachms. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Upon the Mercury contained in a capacious flask pour the 
 Sulphuric Acid, then gradually add the Nitric Acid previously 
 mixed, with three parts or y 2 fl. ounce of Distilled Water, and 
 digest at a gentle heat until reddish fumes are no longer given 
 off. Transfer the mixture to a porcelain capsule and heat it 
 on a sand-bath, frequently stirring, until a dry, white mass 
 remains. Reduce this to a fine powder and throw it in small 
 portions at a time, and constantly stirring into 200 parts or 
 2^ pints of boiling Distilled Water. When all has been 
 added continue the boiling for 10 minutes, then allow the 
 precipitate to settle, decant the supernatant liquid, transfer 
 the precipitate to a strainer, wash it with warm, Distilled 
 Water until the washings no longer have an acid reaction, 
 and dry in a moderately warm place. 
 
 Uses. — This salt was formerly considerably used as an 
 alterative, in doses of ^ to ]/ 2 grain, but is now mostly 
 replaced for internal use by milder mercurial salts. 
 
HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 531 
 
 1787. Hydrargyri Sulphidum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Sulpiride of Mercury — Cinnabar — Vermilion. 
 
 HgS. 
 
 The Native Red Sulphide of Mercury is called Cinnabar, 
 but the manufactured article is usually called Vermilion. It 
 is extensively used as a red pigment and is made by different 
 manufacturers of different grades of brilliancy and value, the 
 Chinese being considered the finest. The U. S. P. of 1870 
 directed it to be made by melting 8 ounces of Sulphur, and 
 gradually adding 40 ounces of Mercury, with constant stirring, 
 continuing the heat until the mass begins to swell, then 
 removing the vessel from the fire and covering it closely, to 
 prevent from inflaming. When the mass is cold it is rubbed 
 into a powder and sublimed. In medicine this is sometimes 
 used as a fumigation, a small portion being put upon coals or 
 a red hot shovel and the fumes inhaled. 
 
 Other Salts of Mercury. 
 
 The foregoing official Salts of Mercury embrace nearly all 
 that are used to any extent in Pharmacy. A few other salts 
 are sometimes employed for various purposes, and are here 
 mentioned : 
 
 1788. Acetate of Mercury. — Made by dissolving Oxide of Mercury in 
 Acetic Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 1789. Arseniate of Mercury.— I iy adding a solution of Arsenic Acid to 
 a solution of Nitrate of Mercury and collecting the precipitate in the usual 
 way. 
 
 1790. Bromide of Mercury — Mercuric Bromide — HgBr 2 . — I'.y dis- 
 solving Oxide of Mercury in a hot solution of Hydrobromic Acid, filtering, 
 ■ oncentrating and crystallizing. Mercurous Bromide 1 [gBr. may be made 
 by precipitating a solution of Mercurous Nitrate by a solution of bromide of 
 Potassium. 
 
 1791. Carbonate of Mercury — Hg 8 CO 8 . — By precipitating a solution 
 of Mercurous Nitrate with Acid Potassium Carbonate, and collecting the 
 
 pitate. 
 
532 HYDROGENUM — HYDROGEN. 
 
 1792. Nitrate of Mercury — Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 .2H 2 0. — By mixing 4 parts of 
 Mercury with a mixture of 3 parts of Nitric Acid and 1 part of Water, and 
 after 24 hours collecting the crystals. 
 
 Several other unimportant Salts of Mercury are sometimes used but so- 
 seldom as to require only mention, as Chlorate of Mercury, Chromate of 
 Mercury. Lactate of Mercury, Phosphate of Mercury, etc. 
 
 HYDROGENUM — HYDROGEN. 
 
 Symbol, H. ; Atomic Weight, 1 ; Sp. gr., 1. 
 
 The Element Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, inflammable 
 gas, the lightest of all known substances. It rarely exists in 
 Nature in a free state, but combined w r ith other substances 
 from which it may be obtained by chemical action. 
 
 In chemistry it is one of the most important elements, being 
 used as the standard of comparison for all others, its atomic 
 weight being taken as unity. It unites with all the gaseous 
 elements, and a few of the metals and non-metals, forming 
 binary compounds called Hydrides. It is present in Water, 
 in all true acids, and in all organic radicals. Its affinity in the 
 molecules of substances is less than most of the metals and 
 other basic substances, and it is therefore replaced wholly 
 or partly in the molecules by other bases when they are 
 brought together. It forms gaseous, binary combinations 
 with the haloid elements, Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine and 
 Fluorine, the solutions of which in Water are called Hydro- 
 acids, as Hydrobromic Acid, etc. It forms compounds with 
 Antimony, Arsenic, Copper, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Selenium, 
 Silicon and Tellurium. With Oxygen it forms two oxides, 
 Water, H 2 0, and Peroxide of Hydrogen, H 2 2 , and with 
 Nitrogen it unites to form Ammonia, H 3 N. Its compounds 
 with Carbon form an extensive series of radicals, known as 
 Hydrocarbons, among which are included the Alcohol and 
 Benzene radicals, and it is a constituent of all alkaloids and 
 other principles of plants. 
 
 1793. — Peroxide of Hydrogen — H,0 2 . — Made by decomposing Peroxide 
 of Barium by Hydrochloric Acid in the presence of ice-cold Water and the 
 precipitation of the newly formed Barium Chloride by means of Sulphate of 
 
INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 533 
 
 Silver, the Peroxide of Hydrogen remaining in solution. This compound is 
 seldom made except in chemical laboratories. It is a wonderful bleaching 
 agent and has been extensively employed by hair dressers for bleaching hair, 
 making it blonde or golden. Blondine, a proprietary preparation for this 
 purpose, is composed chiefly of this solution. 
 
 1794. Hydracids. — The inorganic acids which are formed by the com- 
 bination of Hydrogen with non-metallic elements, and do not contain 
 Oxygen, are known as Hydracids. They are Hydrobromic Acid, Hydro- 
 chloric Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, Hydriodic Acid, Hydrosulphuric Acid, and 
 Hvdrocvanic Acid. 
 
 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 
 
 Infusions are preparations in which the medicinal strength 
 of the drug is obtained by infusing or steeping it in hot 
 Water without boiling. They were formerly much used, but 
 on account of the superior convenience and greater reliability 
 of fluid extracts and other modern galenicals are now but 
 little employed except by the "old-time" physicians. The 
 present U. S. P. contains but 5 of the 31 infusions that were 
 formerly official. The Br. P. contains 28. 
 
 As infusions (with the exception of Infusion Digitalis) 
 contain no Alcohol or other preservative, they will keep only 
 for a short time, and must be freshly made when wanted. 
 
 It has become the custom in this country, when infusions 
 are wanted for prescriptions, to mix the fluid extract of the 
 drug directed, an equivalent quantity, with the Water directed 
 to be used. This practice, although very convenient, is not to 
 be commended. 
 
 The following are the infusions official in the U. S. P. : 
 
 x 795- General Formula for Infusions. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives a general formula for infusions not 
 specified in the Pharmacopoeia, from which they may be pre- 
 pared as follows : 
 
 The substance coarsely , 
 
 . , 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 1 omminuted, \ ' 
 
 Boiling Water ioo parts or 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
534 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 
 
 Put the substance into a suitable vessel provided with a 
 cover, pour upon it the boiling Water, cover the vessel tightly 
 and let it stand for two hours. Then strain, and pass enough 
 Water through the strainer to make the infusion weigh ioo 
 parts or measure 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 It is evident from the nature of Infusions that the water- 
 bath percolator is the most convenient vessel in which to 
 make them. 
 
 This formula may be used for making all Infusions which 
 may be prescribed or directed, except those for which formulae 
 are given : 
 
 The substance, coarsely ground, i part or ounce. 
 Water, sufficient to make . . . io parts or ounces. 
 
 Having adjusted the perforated diaphragm or strainer in 
 the bottom of a small-sized water-bath percolator, put the 
 substance in the percolator and pour the water upon it. 
 Cover the percolator closely with the cover, and having filled 
 the vessel surrounding the percolator two-thirds full of Water, 
 heat to boiling, continue the heat moderately for half an 
 hour and draw off the liquid by the stop-cock, adding 
 enough Water through the percolator to make io parts of 
 the preparation. 
 
 1796. Infusum Brayerae. 
 
 Infusion of Bray era {Kousso). 
 
 Brayera, in No. 20 powder, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Boiling Water, .... 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Pour the boiling Water upon the Brayera and let it macerate 
 in a covered vessel until cool. 
 
 This is to be dispensed, powder and all, in doses of from 4 
 to 8 fl. ounces. 
 
IXFUSA — INFUSIONS. 535 
 
 1797. Infusum Cinchonae. 
 
 Infusion of Cinchona. 
 
 Cinchona, in No. 40 powder, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 1 part or 75 minims. 
 Water, to make . . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the Acid with 50 parts of Water and moisten the 
 powder with 3 parts of the mixture ; pack it firmly in a 
 conical glass percolator and gradually pour upon it, first, the 
 remainder of the mixture, and afterward, Water until the 
 Infusion weighs 100 parts or measures a pint. The dose is a 
 tablespoonful. 
 
 1798. Infusum Digitalis. 
 
 Infusion of Digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis, 3 parts or ^ ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon, 3 parts or ^ ounce av. 
 
 Boiling Water, .... 185 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol, 15 parts or 13^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Pour the Boiling Water upon the mixed powders and 
 macerate for two hours in a covered vessel. Then strain, add 
 the Alcohol, and pass enough Water through the strainer to 
 make the Infusion weigh 200 parts or measure 1 pint. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or two. 
 
 1799. Infusum Pruni Virginianae. 
 
 Infusion of Wild Cherry. 
 Wild Cherry, in No. 40 powder, . . . 307 grains. 
 Water, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 fl. drachms of Water and macer- 
 ate tor one hour; then pack firmly in a conical glass perco- 
 lator, and gradually pour Water upon it until a pint of the 
 Infusion is obtained. 
 
 This Infusion is made with (.old Water because the heat of 
 boiling Water volatilizes the Hydrocyanic Acid, to which its 
 flavor and value is due. The dose is 1 to 2 fl. ounces. 
 
536 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 
 
 1800. Infusum Sennae Compositum. 
 
 Compound Infusion of Senna — Black Draught. 
 
 Senna, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Manna, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 Fennel, bruised, ... 2 parts or y^ ounce av. 
 Boiling Water, .... 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pour the boiling Water upon the solid ingredients and 
 macerate in a covered vessel until cold. Then strain and add 
 enough Water through the strainer to make the Infusion 
 weigh 100 parts. 
 
 The Compound Infusion of Senna, Black Draught, or 
 Vienna DraugJit (Wiener Trank) of the German Pharmacopoeia 
 is as follows : Senna, cut, 5 parts, boiling Water 30 parts. 
 Heat them by means of a steam-bath for five minutes, when 
 cold, strain and dissolve in the infusion Tartrate of Potassium 
 and Sodium 5 parts, Manna 5 parts. The dose of Infusion of 
 Senna Compound, as a laxative is from 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as a 
 brisk purgative 4 to 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Other Infusions. 
 
 The following are the official Infusions of the 1885 Br. P. 
 Most of these were formerly official in the U. S. P. The dose 
 of all the following, unless otherwise noted, is from i to 2 
 fl. ounces: 
 
 1801. Infusum Anthemidis — Infusion of Chamomile. — Chamomile 
 Flowers J^ ounce, boiling Distilled Water 10 flounces. Infuse for 15 minutes 
 in a covered vessel and strain. 
 
 1802. Infusum Aurantii — Infusion of Orange Peel. — -Bitter Orange 
 Peel cut small ]A ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Infuse for 15 
 minutes in a covered vessel and strain. 
 
 1803. Infusum Aurantii Compositum — Compound Infusion of Orange 
 Peel. — Bitter Orange Peel cut small X ounce, Fresh Lemon Peel cut small, 
 56 grains, Cloves bruised 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. 
 Infuse in a covered vessel for 15 minutes and strain. 
 
INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 537 
 
 1804. Infusum Buchu — Infusion of Buchu. — Buchu Leaves, bruised 
 l i ounce, boiling, distilled Water 10 ft. ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
 for half an hour and strain. 
 
 1805. Infusum Calumbae — Infusion of Calumba. — Calumba Root cut 
 small y 2 ounce, cold distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Macerate in a covered 
 vessel (without heat) for half an hour and strain. 
 
 1806. Infusum Caryophylli — Infusion of Cloves. — Cloves bruised % 
 ounce, boiling distilled Water, 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
 half an hour and strain. 
 
 1807. Infusum Cascarillae — Infiision of Cascarilla. — Cascarilla Bark 
 in No. 20 powder 1 ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse for 
 half an hour in a covered vessel and strain. 
 
 1808. Infusum Catechu — Infusion of Catechu. — Catechu in coarse 
 powder 160 grains, Cinnamon Bark bruised 30 grains, boiling distilled Water 
 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for half an hour and strain. 
 
 1809. Infusum Chiratae — Infusion of Chiretta. — Chiretta, cut small 
 % ounce, distilled Water at 120 F. 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
 for half an hour and strain. 
 
 1810. Infusum Cinchonae Acidum — Acid Infusion of Cinchona. — Red 
 Cinchona Bark in No. 40 powder }4 ounce, Aromatic Sulphuric Acid 1 
 rl. drachm, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
 for one hour and strain. This is similar to the U. S. Infusion of Chinchona. 
 
 181 1. Infusum Cusparise — Infusion of Ctcsparia. — Cusparia Bark in 
 No. 40 powder % ounce, distilled Water at 120 F. 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in 
 a covered vessel for one hour and strain. 
 
 1812. Infusum Cusso — Infusion of Kousso. — Kousso in coarse powder 
 yi ounce, boiling distilled Water 8 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
 1 5 minutes. Not to be strained. Dose 4 to 8 fl.ounces. This is similar 
 to the U. S. Infusion of Kousso. 
 
 1813. Infusum Digitalis — Infusion of Digitalis. — Foxglove Leaves, 
 dried 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for 15 minutes and strain. Dose, 2 to 4 rl.drachms. This is only 
 about half the strength of the U. S. Infusion of Digitalis. 
 
 1814. Infusum Ergots — Infusion of Ergot. — Ergot crushed % ounce, 
 boiling, distilled Water, 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for half an 
 hour and strain. 
 
 1815. Infusum Gentianae Compositum — Compound Infusum of Gen- 
 tian.— Gentian Root, sliced, Bitter Orange Peel cut small, of each, 55 grains, 
 Fresh Lemon Peel, cut small % ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 ll.ounces. 
 Infuse in a covered vessel for half an hour and strain. 
 
 The U. S. 1870 Compound Infusion of Gentian, which is still considerably 
 used, was Gentian x / 2 tr .ounce, Bitter Orange Peel, Coriander Seed, each 60 
 
538 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 
 
 grains, Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Water sufficient to make a pint. The Alcohol 
 was mixed with 14 fl.ounces of Water and the drugs percolated with the 
 mixture. 
 
 1816. Infusum Jaborandi — Infusion of faborandi. — Jaborandi, cut 
 small Yz ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for half an hour and strain. 
 
 1817. Infusum Krameriae — Infusion of Rhatany. — Rhatany Root % 
 ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
 half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1818. Infusum Lini — Infusion of Linseed. — Linseed 1 50 grains, Dried 
 Liquorice Root, in No. 20 powder 50 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 
 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain. 
 
 1819. Infusum Lupuli — Infusion of Hop. — Hop % ounce, boiling dis- 
 tilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour, and 
 strain. 
 
 1820. Infusum Maticae — Infusion of Matico. — Matico Leaves, cut small 
 y z ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
 for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1821. Infusum Quassia? — Infusion of Quassia.— Quassia Wood, in 
 chips 55 grains, cold distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Macerate in a covered 
 vessel (without heat), for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1822. Infusum Rhei — Infusion of Rhubarb. — Rhubarb Root, in thin 
 slices % ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1823. Infusum Rosae Acidum — Acid Infusion of Roses. — Dried Red 
 Rose Petals, broken up, % ounce. Diluted Sulphuric Acid 1 fl.drachm, boil- 
 ing distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Add the Acid to the Water, infuse the 
 petals in the mixture in a covered vessel for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1824. Infusum Senagae — Infusion of Senega. — Senega Root in No. 20 
 powder yi ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1825. Infusum Sennas — Infusion of Senna. — Senna 1 ounce, Ginger, 
 sliced 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1826. Infusum Serpentariae — Infusion of Serpenlary. — Serpentary 
 Root in No. 20 powder X ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse 
 in a covered vessel for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 1827. Infusum Uvae Ursi — Infusion of Bearberry. — Uva Ursi Leaves, 
 bruised V z ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for one hour, and strain. 
 
IODOFORMUM — IODOFORM. 539 
 
 1828. Infusum Valerianae— Infusion of Valerian. — Valerian Rhizome, 
 bruised % ounce, boiling- distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Infuse in a covered 
 vessel for one hour, and strain. 
 
 The foregoing Infusions include all that are at present official in the U. S., 
 Br. and G. Pharmacopoeias, and all for which there is generally a demand ; 
 if others are desired, they may be made by the general directions in the 
 beginning of this article. 
 
 1829. IODOFORMUM — IODOFORM. 
 
 CHI3. 
 
 To prepare Iodoform, Felhol's process is usually chosen as 
 being most economical. Two parts of Crystallized Carbonate 
 of Sodium are dissolved in 10 parts of Water and 1 part of 
 Alcohol, by the aid of gentle heat, 1 part of Iodine is then 
 added to the solution in small portions, and after cooling the 
 crystals are collected, and the solution or mother liquor fil- 
 tered. This is warmed, 2 parts of Carbonate of Sodium are 
 again added, and a current of Chlorine passed rapidly through 
 the mixture as long as Iodoform is separated. The crystals 
 are then washed with a little cold Water and carefully dried. 
 
 Iodoform is insoluble in Water, but soluble in Alcohol, 
 Ether, Chloroform, etc. It has a peculiar, disagreeable odor, 
 which makes it objectionable in medicines, but this is in a 
 measure overcome by the addition of Oil of Peppermint or 
 other strongly flavored oils. 
 
 Caff-Iodoform is a mixture of finely powdered Coffee with 
 Iodoform, intended to overcome its disagreeable odor, which 
 it does imperfectly. 
 
 Uses. — Iodoform is given internally as an alterative, in 
 doses of 1 to 3 grains, but is chiefly used in the form of oint- 
 ment, in suppositories, and as a dusting to sores, ulcers. 
 Syphilitic growths and diseased surfaces. It is also used as a 
 al dressing in the form of Iodoform Cotton, which is made 
 by dissolving 24 grains of Iodoform in a mixture of 4 11. drachms 
 of Alcohol with 2 fl.drachms of Ether, and adding 2 fl.drachms 
 of Glycerin, saturating 360 grains of Purified Cotton with the 
 
 liquid, and drying by exposure to the air. 
 
540 IODUM— IODINE. 
 
 IODUM — IODINE. 
 
 Symbol, I ; Atomic Weight, 126.6; Sp. gr., 4.95. 
 
 Iodine is a non-metallic element, first discovered by De 
 Courtois, in 1812, examined and described in 181 3, by M. 
 Clement, and assigned a place as an element soon afterward 
 by Sir H. Davy and M. Gay Lussac. 
 
 It is chiefly obtained from Kelp, the ashes of sea-weeds, 
 obtained off the coast of Scotland, by percolating them with 
 Water, filtering the percolate, concentrating it by evaporation 
 to a small volume, removing the crystalline salts as they form in 
 the liquid during evaporation, and adding finally to the dark- 
 brown liquid residue, which is called Iodine Lye, Sulphuric 
 Acid in excess. After standing, the liquid is decanted, heated 
 to about 140 F., and mixed with Binoxide of Manganese, as 
 much as was used of Acid. The whole is then introduced into 
 a cylindrical leaden still, heat is applied and the vapor of 
 Iodine which rises is condensed in glass receivers. It is then 
 " resublimed," and in this form is furnished to the trade. 
 
 Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine and Fluorine are classed in 
 chemistry as hologcns (salt-producers). Their characteristics and 
 properties are similar. 
 
 Iodine unites with the most of the metallic bases, forming 
 a class of salts called Iodides ; with Hydrogen it forms Hydri- 
 odic Acid, which also combines with bases to form Iodides, the 
 Hydrogen being displaced. With Oxygen it forms iodic and 
 periodic anhydrides, which unite with bases in the presence of 
 Water, forming iodates. 
 
 In pharmacy Iodine is used in the form of tincture, solu- 
 tions and ointments, and for making Hydriodic Acid, Iodo- 
 form and many well-known salts, etc. Medicinally, it is seldom 
 used except in solution or admixture with other substances. 
 The combinations of Iodine with bases are noticed under the 
 basic substances. The following are the combinations of 
 Iodine with Hydrogen and Oxygen, called Acids : 
 
 Acids of Iodine. 
 
 1830. Hydriodic Acid — HI. — A solution of this gas in Water is made 
 by passing a current of Hydrosulphuric Acid gas through a solution of Iodine 
 
LAC — MILK. 541 
 
 until it acquires a pure yellowish color, and ceases to turn brown on shak- 
 ing. This solution was formerly made by the U. S. process to contain 15 
 per cent, of real Hydriodic Acid, but is not now official. The Syrup of 
 Hydriodic Acid, which is the only official preparation, contains 1 per cent, of 
 the real Acid. 
 
 1831, Iodic Acid or Anhydride — HI0 3 . — This is made by heating 1 
 part of Iodine with 10 parts of Nitric Acid in a retort until the Iodine is 
 dissolved and fumes cease to be evolved. The solution is then evaporated 
 and the residue heated to 200 F. until all traces of acid are removed. The 
 white powder is Iodic Anhydride. 
 
 1832. Periodic Acid or Anhydride — HI0 4 . — By adding 1 part of Iodine 
 to 7 parts of Carbonate of Sodium dissolved in 100 parts of Water, and 
 passing Chlorine into the heated liquid until a precipitate ceases to form. 
 Collect this precipitate, dissolve it in pure Nitric Acid then add Nitrate of 
 Silver, and dissolve the precipitate which forms in hot, diluted Nitric Acid. 
 Concentrate the solution and crystallize, then re-dissolve the crystals in Water 
 and re-crystallize. 
 
 LAC — MILK. 
 
 Milk obtained from the mammary glands of the cow, goat, 
 or mare is the source of many important articles employed in 
 pharmacy and medicine. It consists of about 85 per cent, of 
 water and 15 per cent, of solid constituents, the most import- 
 ant of which are butter (327), casein, of which cheese is made, 
 and milk-sugar. The following are the preparations used in 
 pharmacy which are derived from milk: 
 
 1833. Condensed Milk. — Made by evaporating Milk in vacuo at a low 
 temperature until most of its water has been vaporized and it is reduced to 
 the consistence of an extract. It is only made by large manufacturing estab- 
 lishments, and is usually put up in sealed cans. It may be used advantage- 
 ously for making emulsions. 
 
 1834. Koumiss.— This is milk prepared as a beverage or nutritive drink 
 for invalids. It was first introduced by the Russians, who made it by fer- 
 menting mare's milk, but is now made quite extensively in this country from 
 cow's milk, by adding to one gallon of skimmed sweet Milk 4 ounces of 
 white Sugar and a cake of Vienna Yeast. This is allowed to stand in a 
 warm place for a few hours and is then transferred to pint or quart bottles, 
 which are tightly Stopped and set in a warm place, for a few hours to ferment 
 and then put on their sides in a cool cellar. In about three days it is ready 
 for use. Koumiss does not keep a great while, and when opened, like cham- 
 
 loses its gas and becomes worthless. Small quantities, as wanted 
 for use. may be drawn from the bottles by a champagne tap. 
 
542 LAMELL/E — DISCS. 
 
 1835. Saccharum Lactis— Sugar of Milk— C, gH^O, , .H 2 0.— When 
 the Casein and albuminous matter has been separated from Milk, as in the 
 process of making cheese, there remains a liquid called whey, which con- 
 tains Milk-Sugar in solution. This may be obtained by evaporating the 
 whey, purifying the syrup obtained, and allowing the Milk-Sugar to crystal- 
 lize. The best Sugar of Milk is obtained from goat's milk, but cow's milk 
 yields a good quality when properly treated. 
 
 Uses. — Milk-Sugar is used in pharmacy as a dilutent to powerful alka- 
 loids and other medicines which are triturated with it to a very fine powder. 
 It is used in making abstracts, powdered extracts, triturations, saccharated 
 pepsin, and many other similar preparations. It is much harder and less 
 soluble than other sugars. 
 
 1836. Acidum Lacticum — Lactic Acid — HC 3 H 5 3 . — By standing, 
 Milk becomes sour, or, rather, its milk-sugar is converted by oxidation into 
 Lactic Acid, which may be obtained from it by various processes. It is 
 made, however, by manufacturing chemists from cane sugar by treating it 
 with sulphuric acid until "inverted," then adding caustic soda and heating 
 the mixture until it ceases to precipitate Fehling's solution, showing the 
 absence of sugar. To this, sulphuric acid is then added, which forms sodium 
 sulphate, which crystallizes out. The liquid is then mixed with alcohol, 
 allowed to precipitate, and one half the alcoholic solution heated with car- 
 bonate of zinc until effervescense ceases ; the other half is then added, and, 
 when cool, zinc Lactate crystallizes out, which, when treated with hydrosul- 
 phuric acid, yields sulphide of zinc in crystals, Lactic Acid remaining in 
 solution. 
 
 Uses. — The salts of Lactic Acid, with bases, are called Lactates, for mak- 
 ing which it is chiefly employed. It is also used in making some solutions, 
 syrups, elixirs, etc., and in medicine to aid digestion, etc. (See 36.) 
 
 LAMELLA — DISCS. 
 
 The 1885 Br. P. introduces, under this name, the following 
 preparations : 
 
 1837. Lamellae Atropine — Discs of Atropine. — Discs of Gelatine with 
 some Glycerin, each weighing about ^ grain and containing -j-^ grain of 
 Sulphate of Atropine. 
 
 1838. Lamellae Cocoainae — Discs of Cocoaine. — Discs of Gelatine with 
 some Glycerin, each weighing about 7 V grain and containing 3^0 grain of 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 
 
 1839. Lamellae Physostigminae — Discs of Physostigimine. — Discs of 
 Gelatine, with some Glycerin, each weighing about -^ grain, and containing 
 ttiVo grain of Physostigmine. 
 
LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 543 
 
 LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 
 
 Liniments in pharmacy are solutions or liquid mixtures 
 intended for external application, and generally applied by 
 rubbing on the skin with friction, for reducing swellings, 
 relieving pain, etc. A great number of proprietary liniments 
 are also recommended for internal use as well as application. 
 Under this heading only, the liniments which are official in 
 the U. S., Br. or German Pharmacopoeias will be noticed. 
 Those popular as proprietary remedies, will be found under 
 The Standard Remedies, etc. 
 
 The following are the formulae for liniments official in the 
 U. S., Br. and German Pharmacopoeias: 
 
 1840. Linimentum Aconiti — Aconite Liniment. — Aconite Root in No. 
 40 powder 20 ounces av., Camphor 1 ounce av., Rectified Spirit, a sufficient 
 quantity to make 30 fl. ounces (Imperial measure). Mix the Aconite with 
 20 fl. ounces of the spirit and macerate in a closed vessel for three days, 
 agitating occasionally; then transfer to a percolator, and when the liquor 
 ceases to pass continue the percolation with more of the spirit, allowing 
 the liquor to drop into a receiver containing the Camphor, until the product 
 measures the quantity above stated. Br. 
 
 1841. Linimentum Ammoniae — Ammonia Liniment. — The U. S. P. 
 directs Water of Ammonia 30 parts or 3 ounces av. Cotton Seed Oil 70 
 parts or 7 ounces av., to be mixed together with violent agitation. 
 
 The I Jr. P. directs 1 part or fl. ounce of Solution (Water) of Ammonia to be 
 mixed with 3 parts or fl.ounces of Olive Oil. 
 
 The G. P. directs 3 parts Olive Oil, 1 part Poppy Oil and 1 part Water of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 The French Codex directs 90 parts Almond Oil to 10 parts of 4 F. Water 
 Ammonia. 
 
 The U. S. preparation has been found defective, as it will not remain 
 mixed without separating. 
 
 The I!r. formula makes a preparation which solidifies or becomes too thick 
 upon standing for some time. 
 
 The German contains too much oil for the. Ammonia. 
 
 ring half Olive I >il with the Cotton Seed Oil. in the U. S. formula, or 
 by .substituting nil of Hemic altogether for the Cotton Seed Oil, a stable and 
 tionable Liniment is produced. 
 
 This Liniment is popularly known as Volatile Liniment. 
 
 1842. Linimentum Belladonnae - Belladonna Liniment. The U. S. 
 formula is, Fluid Extract of Belladonna (root) 95 parts or 9>i fl.ounces 
 
544 LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 
 
 Camphor 5 parts or % ounce av. Dissolve the Camphor in the Fluid 
 Extract. 
 
 The Br. P. directs a strong tincture of Belladonna Root to be made in the 
 same manner and in the same proportion as is directed for making Linimen- 
 tum Aconiti, and Camphor 1 ounce av. to be dissolved in the tincture thus 
 prepared to make 30 fl. ounces (Imperial measure). 
 
 1843. Linimentum Calcis — Lime Liniment. — Solution of Lime 1 part 
 or 2 fl. ounces, Cotton Seed Oil or Olive Oil 1 part or 2 fl.ounces. Mix them 
 by agitation. The U. S. P. directs Cotton Seed Oil, the Br. P. Olive Oil. 
 The 1870 U. S. P. directed equal parts of Lime Water and Flax Seed Oil, 
 which formula is still followed by most druggists. As thus prepared it was 
 popularly known as Carron Oil, deriving its name from the Carron Iron 
 Works, Scotland, where it was extensively used for burns. 
 
 1844. Linimentum Camphorae — 'Camphor Liniment, Camphorated Oil. 
 — The U. S. formula is, Camphor 20 parts or 3 ounces av., Cotton Seed Oil 
 80 parts or 1 2 ounces av. The Camphor is to be dissolved in the Oil. The 
 Br. P. directs Olive Oil in the same proportion in place of the Cotton Seed 
 Oil. The G. P., under the name Oleum Camphoratum, directs 1 part of 
 Camphor to be dissolved in 9 parts of Olive Oil, making a preparation only 
 about two thirds the strength of Camphor as the U. S. or Br. 
 
 1845. Linimentum Camphorae Compositum — Compound Camphor Lin- 
 iment. — Br. Camphor 2^ ounces av., Oil of Lavender 1 fl. drachm, strong 
 solution of Ammonia 5 fl.ounces (Imperial measure), Rectified Spirit 15 
 fl.ounces (Imperial measure). Dissolve the Camphor and Oil of Lavender in 
 the Spirit, then add the solution of Ammonia, gradually shaking them 
 together until a clear solution is formed. 
 
 1846. Linimentum Camphorae Ammoniatum — Ammoniated Camphor 
 Liniment. — The G. P. directs Camphorated Oil (see G. P. formula above) 
 3 parts, Poppy Oil 1 part, Water of Ammonia 1 part. Mix them to a uni- 
 form Liniment by shaking. 
 
 1847. Linimentum Cantharidis — Cantharides Liniment. — The U. S. 
 
 formula is Cantharides in No. 60 powder 15 parts or 2 ounces av., Oil of 
 Turpentine sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. Digest the Cantharides 
 with 100 parts or 1 pint Oil of Turpentine in a closed vessel, by means of a 
 water-bath, for three hours ; then strain and add enough Oil of Turpentine 
 through the strainer to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 1848. Linimentum Chloroformi — Chloroform Liniment. — The U. S. 
 formula is commercial Chloroform 40 parts or 2 fl.ounces, Soap Liniment 60 
 parts or S'A fl.ounces. Mix them. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Chloroform 2 fl.ounces, Liniment of Camphor 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 1849. Linimentum Crotonis — Liniment of Croton Oil. — This is official 
 in the Br. P., the formula being Croton Oil 1 fl.ounce, Oil of Cajuput 3^ 
 fl.ounces, Rectified Spirit y/ 2 fl.ounces. 
 
LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 545 
 
 1850. Linimentum Hydrargyri — Liniment of Mercury. — This is offi- 
 cial in the Br. P., as follows : Ointment of Mercury 1 ounce, Solution 
 (Water) of Ammonia 1 fl. ounce, Liniment of Camphor 1 fl. ounce. Mix the 
 Solution of Ammonia with one half the Liniment of Camphor, rub the Mer- 
 curial Ointment with the other half, and mix them together. 
 
 1851. Linimentum Iodi — Liniment of Iodine. — This is rather a solu- 
 tion than a liniment. It is official only in the Br. P. Iodine 1% ounce aw, 
 Iodide of Potassium l / z ounce av., Glycerin % ounce av., Rectified Spirit 10 
 rl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodine, Iodide of Potassium, and Glycerin in the 
 Spirit. 
 
 1852. Linimentum Opii — Liniment of Opium. — This is official in the 
 Br. P., being simply a mixture of equal parts by measure of Tincture of 
 Opium and Soap Liniment. 
 
 1853. Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis — Liniment of Subacetate of. 
 Lead. — The U. S. P. directs this to be made with Solution Subacetate of 
 Lead 40 parts or 2 ounces av., Cotton Seed Oil 60 parts or 3 ounces av., by 
 mixing them well together. 
 
 1854. Linimentum Potassii Iodidi cum Sapone — Liniment of Iodide 
 of Potassium and Soap. — The Br. P. formula is as follows : Curd Soap cut 
 small 2 ounces av., Iodide of Potassium i>< ounce av., Glycerin 1 fLounce, 
 Oil of Lemon 1 fl. drachm, distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Soap 
 in the Water and Glycerin by the aid of heat, add the Iodide of Potassium in 
 fine powder and stir while cooling, then rub the Oil of Lemon into the cream- 
 like product. 
 
 1855. Linimentum Saponis — Soap Liniment. Liquid Opodeldoc. — 
 The U. S. formula is soap, in shavings 10 parts or 480 grains, Camphor 5 
 parts or 240 grains, Oil Rosemary 1 part or 48 grains, Alcohol 70 parts or 9 
 fl.ounces, Water q. s. to make 100 parts or lyi. fl.ounces. The soap is 
 digested in the Water until dissolved. The Camphor and oil are dissolved 
 in the Alcohol ; the solutions are then mixed and filtered. The Br. formula 
 is about the same. In our experience, however, we find that a larger propor- 
 tion of Water is advantageous, and so give the following: 
 
 Improved Formula — White Castile Soap, dry 4% ounces av., Camphor 
 
 1% ounces av., oil Rosemary }< II. ounce, Alcohol 32 fl.ounces, Water 8 
 
 the soap in the Water on a water-bath until dissolved; 
 
 dissolve the Camphor and oil in the Alcohol, then mix the solutions and filter. 
 
 1856. Linimentum Sinapis Compositum — Compound Mustard Lini- 
 ment, The I'. S. formula is, Volatile Oil of Mustard 3 parts or 1 fl.dracbm, 
 Extract of Mezereum 2 parts or 40 grains, Camphor 6 parts or 120 grains, 
 Castor Oil 15 parts or 6 fi.drachms, Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts 01 
 \% fl.ounces. Dissolve the extract in 70 parts or 4 fl.ounces of Alcohol, 
 then add the oil <,f Mustard and the Castor oil, and, finally, enough Alcohol 
 
 t" make 100 parts or 5'.. II. miners. The Br. formula is about the same. 
 
546 LIQUORES— SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1857. Linimentum Terebinthinae — Turpentine Liniment. — The U.S. 
 formula is Resin Cerate 65 parts or 13 ounces av., Oil of Turpentine 35 parts 
 or 8 fl. ounces. Melt the Cerate and add the Oil of Turpentine, mixing 
 them thoroughly. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Soft Soap 2 ounces av., distilled Water 2 fi. ounces, 
 Camphor 1 ounce av., Oil of Turpentine 16 fi. ounces. Mix the Soap with 
 the Water, dissolve the Camphor in the oil, then rub the fluids together until 
 they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The G. P. gives the following: Carbonate of Potassium 6 parts, Soft Soap 
 54 parts, Oil of Turpentine 40 parts. Mix them. 
 
 1858. Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum — Liniment of Turpentine 
 and Acetic Acid. — Oil of Turpentine 4 fl. ounces, Glacial Acetic Acid 1 
 ounce av., Liniment of Camphor, 4 fl. ounces. Mix them. Br. 
 
 Other Liniments. 
 
 Other liniments will be found under other headings, as Proprietary 
 Medicines, Standard Remedies, etc. 
 
 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 Under this general classification, a great variety of liquid 
 preparations, widely dissimilar in methods of making, charac- 
 teristics, properties, and strength are included. 
 
 The Liquorcs of the U. S. P. are chiefly aqueous solutions 
 of Chemical Salts. 
 
 The Br. P. includes solutions of the gases, ammonia and 
 chlorine, several solutions of salts charged with carbonic acid 
 gas, and some preparations made with alcoholic or other 
 mediums, and the name "solutions" as popularly understood 
 includes preparations in nearly all classes of liquid galenicals. 
 
 In this department the solutions official in the U. S., Br., 
 and German Pharmacopoeias are first given ; then the solu- 
 tions convenient for use in making elixirs, syrups and other 
 similar preparations; then the test-solutions and such un- 
 official solutions as are frequently called for. Many other 
 solutions are also included under other headings, as ACIDS, 
 Coloring Substances, Dialysates, Glycerites, etc., etc. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 547 
 
 The following are the official solutions of the U. S., Br. and 
 German Pharmacopoeias. They are given less prominence 
 than the solutions which are employed for combining with 
 elixirs, syrups, etc. : 
 
 1859. Liquor Acidi Arseniosi. 
 
 Solution of Arsenious Acid — Solution Chloride of Arsenic. 
 The U. S. P. directs : 
 
 Arsenious Acid in small pieces 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 2 parts or 135 minims. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make . . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Boil the Arsenious Acid with the Hydrochloric Acid mixed with 25 parts 
 or 4 II. ounces of Distilled Water, until it is dissolved. Filter the solution 
 and pass enough Distilled Water through the filter to make 100 parts or one 
 pint. 
 
 The Br. formula, under the name Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus, is 
 Arsenious Acid in powder 87 grains, Hydrochloric Acid 2 fl. drachms, Dis- 
 tilled Water a sufficiency to make 20 fl. ounces (Imperial). 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used as an alterative, the same as Fowler's Solu- 
 tion, in doses of 2 to 5 minims. 
 
 i860. Liquor Acidi Chromici. Br. 
 
 Solution of Chromic Acid. 
 The Br. P. gives the following formula : 
 
 Chromic Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve. This solution is used as an escharotic and caustic. 
 
 1861. Liquor Aluminii Acetici. G. P. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Aluminium. 
 
 Sulphate of Aluminium 300 parts. 
 
 Acetic Acid 360 parts. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium . . poparts. 
 
 Water 1 000 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Sulphate of Aluminium in 800 parts of Water, add the Acetic 
 A' nl and having triturated the Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium with 2co 
 parts of Water, add it gradually to the solution, stirring constantly. Let the 
 mixture stand 24 hours at the ordinary temperature, stirring frequently; 
 then strain the liquid from the sediment, press the latter without washing it 
 and filter the liquid. 
 
548 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1862. Liquor Ammoniac. Br. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia. 
 
 The 10 per cent, solution of Ammonia Gas, NH 3 , which is known in the 
 U. S. as Water of Ammonia. In the G. P. is called Liquor Ammonii 
 Caustici. See Aqua Ammonia ( 145). 
 
 1863. Liquor Ammonias Fortior. Br. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia. 
 
 This official of the Br. P. is a 32.5 per cent, solution of Ammonia Gas in 
 Water; the U. S. stronger Water of Ammonia being a 28 per cent, solu- 
 tion. See Aqua Ammonia Fortior (146). 
 
 1864. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. — Spirit of M indereras. 
 
 The U. S. process for making this solution is to neutralize any convenient 
 quantity of Diluted Acetic Acid with Carbonate of Ammonium, by adding 
 the salt to the Dilute Acid as long as effervescence occurs. As Carbonate 
 of Ammonium contains a variable quantity of Ammonia Gas, definite pro- 
 portions cannot well be given ; but in general 1 ounce av. of Carbonate of 
 Ammonium, if fresh, will neutralize about a pint of Dilute Acetic Acid. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this solution to be made by mixing 4 fl. ounces of the 
 strong solution of Acetate of Ammonium (1865) with 16 fl.ouncesof Distilled 
 Water. 
 
 The G. P. directs it to be made by neutralizing Water of Ammonia 10 
 parts with Acetic Acid 12 parts, or sufficient, and heating to evaporate 
 excess of Ammonia. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used as a diaphoretic or diuretic in doses of 4 to 6 
 fl.drachms. 
 
 1865. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis Fortior. Br. 
 
 Strong Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonium 5 ounces av. 
 
 Acetic Acid, a sufficiency, or 13 flounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make 16 flounces. 
 
 Crush the Carb. Ammonium and add it gradually to 12 ounces of the 
 Acetic Acid, then add more of the acid until a neutral solution results. 
 To this add sufficient water to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Uses. — This is a convenient solution to keep on hand for preparing the 
 ordinary solution of Acetate of Ammonia. It is five times as strong as the 
 foregoing. The dose is }i to 1^ drachm. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 549 
 
 1866. Liquor Ammonii Anisatus. G. P. 
 
 Anisated Spirit of Ammonia. 
 
 Oil of Anise 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol 24 parts. 
 
 Solution (Water) of Ammonia, 5 parts. 
 
 Mix the Oil of Anise with the Alcohol and dissolve, then add the Water of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 1867. Liquor Ammonii Citratis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. 
 
 Strong Solution Citrate of Ammonium, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them. The dose is 2 to 6 fl. drachms. 
 
 1868. Liquor Ammonii Citratis Fortior. Br. 
 
 Stro7ig Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. 
 
 Citric Acid, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia, Br., a sufficiency, or . 11 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Neutralize the Add with the Ammonia, adding sufficient Distilled Water 
 to yield 20 fl. ounces (Imperial) of the product. If U. S. stronger Water of 
 Ammonia is used, a larger quantity will be required. 
 
 1869. Liquor Antimonii Chloridi. Br. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Antimony — Butter of Antimony — Perchloride 
 of Antimony. 
 
 Purified Black Antimony 1 pound av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, Br 80 fl.ounces (Imperial). 
 
 Place the Purified Black Antimony in a porcelain vessel, pour upon it the 
 Hydrochloric Acid, and, constantly stirring, apply to the mixture, beneath a 
 Que with a good draft, a little heat, which must be gradually augmented as 
 the evolution of gas begins to slacken un' il the liquid boils. Maintain it at 
 this temperature for fifteen minutes, then remove the vessel from the fire and 
 filter the liquid through calico into another vessel, until clear. Boil this down 
 to the bulk of 40 fl. ounces (Imperial) and preserve it in stopped bottles. 
 
 Uses. -This solution is familiarly known as Butter of Antimony, and is 
 Used as an escharotic for foul ulcers, and for " fouls " of sheep and cattle, etc. 
 In pharmacy it is used for making the Oxide of Antimony. 
 
550 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1870. Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury — Donovan's Solution. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic, 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury, 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make 100 parts or . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Triturate the Iodides with 15 parts or 2 flounces of Distilled Water until 
 dissolved. Filler the liquid and pass enough Distilled Water through the 
 filter to make 100 parts or 1 pint of the solution. 
 
 The Br. formula is 45 grains each Iodide of Arsenicum and Red Iodide of 
 Mercury, dissolved in 10 fl. ounces (Imperial) of Distilled Water. 
 
 Uses. — Donovan's Solution contains about 1 per cent, of each of the 
 iodides, and is employed as an alterative, the same as Fowler's, in doses of 
 3 to 5 minims. It should be largely diluted when prescribed, and may best 
 be given in the form of an elixir, which see (525). 
 
 1871. Liquor Arsenitis Potassii. 
 
 Solution of Arsenite of Potassium — Fowler's Solution. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Arsenious Acid in small pieces, 1 part or .... 74 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Lavender, 3 parts or . . . 2 fl. drachms. 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. 
 
 Boil the Arsenious Acid and Bicarbonate of Potassium in a glass vessel 
 with 10 parts or 1 J^ fl.ounces of Distilled Water until dissolved. Then when 
 cool add the Compound Tincture of Lavender and enough Distilled Water to 
 make 100 parts or a pint of the solution. Then set aside for eight days and 
 filter. 
 
 The Br. P., under the name Liquor Arsenicalis, directs Arsenious Acid 87 
 grains, Carbonate of Potassium 87 grains, Compound Tincture of Lavender 
 5 fl.drachms, Distilled Water a sufficient quantity to make 20 fl.ounces 
 (Imperial). 
 
 The German formula Liquor Kalii Arsenicosi is the same as the Br. 
 except that Compound Spirit of Balm is used as the flavoring ingredient. 
 
 Uses. — Fowler's Solution, as it is popularly known, contains 1 per cent, 
 of Arsenious Acid or about 4^- grains in an ounce. It is much employed in 
 medicine as an alterative in doses of three to five minims. It should be 
 largely diluted when given, and is best exhibited in the form of an elixir, 
 which see (524). 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 551 
 
 1872. Liquor Atropinae Sulphatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Atropine. 
 
 Sulphate of Atropine, 1 part or 9 grains. 
 
 Camphor Wattr, 99 fl. parts or i6>£ fl. drachms. 
 
 Dissolve. The strength is 1 to 100. The dose is one to 4 minims. 
 A great variety of Solutions of Alkaloidal Salts may be made in a similar 
 manner to ihis. Some of them are prepared for hypodermic injections and 
 for internal use. 
 
 1873. Liquor Bismuthi. 
 
 Liquor Bismuth — Solution of Bismuth. 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium . 256 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, a sufficient quantity, 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Bismuth Salt to a smooth mixture with 2 fl.ounces of Distilled 
 Water, and add Water of Ammonia drop by drop until the salt is dissolved 
 and the solution is clear or nearly clear, then add Distilled Water enough to 
 make a pint, and after standing a few hours filter through paper. 
 
 This solution is not official in the U. S., but is such as is furnished by 
 manufacturers and prescribed by physicians under this title. Elixir Bismuth 
 (536) contains the same amount of the salt, and is to be preferred to it. 
 
 The Br. P., under the name Liquor Bismuthi et Ammonii Li/ratis, gives 
 the following : 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth, 800 grains. 
 
 Solution (Water) of Ammonia, ) 
 
 Distilled Water f of each a sufficiency. 
 
 Rub the Citrate of Bismuth to a paste with a little of the Water ; add the 
 Solution of Ammonia, gradually and with stirring, until the salt is just dis- 
 solved, and dilute with Distilled Water to form 20 fi. ounces (Imperial). 
 
 Tnis solution contains 5 grains of Citrate of Bismuth in a 11. drachm or 
 about z)A times as much of the Bismuth Salt as the foregoing, and the dose 
 is y 2 to a fi. drachm. In Br. pharmacy it is evaporated over a water-bath to 
 the consistence of a syrup, and spread upon glass in thin layers, to make the 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium Salt. 
 
 A strong solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium for combining 
 wiili elixirs, eic, is also given (1924). 
 
 1874. Liquor Calcii Chloridi. Br. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 88 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water 1 flounce. 
 
 Dissolve, and filter if necessary. Dose, 15 to 50 minims. 
 
552 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1875. Liquor Calcis. 
 
 Solution of Lime — Lime Water, 
 
 The U. S. formula is Lime ]/ z ounce, which is to be slaked by the gradual 
 addition of about 3 fl. ounces of Water, a pint of Water is then to be added 
 and the mixture agitated occasionally for half an hour, and allowed to settle. 
 The Water is then to be poured off and thrown away, and 1 gallon of 
 Distilled Water poured upon the remaining precipitate which is to be mixed 
 with it and allowed to settle, when the clear supernatant fluid is ready for 
 use. It contains about 0.15 per cent, of Hydrate of Calcium in solution. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2 ounces of slaked Lime to be well washed with water, 
 and the washed Lime to be added to 1 gallon (160 fl. ounces Imperial) of 
 Distilled Water. As Solution of Lime is a saturated solution, the U. S. and 
 Br. preparations are the same strength. 
 
 Uses. — Solution of Lime, or Lime Water, as it is popularly called, is 
 much used to allay irritation of the stomach, nausea, etc., and externally in 
 the form of liniments, washes, etc., to sooth irritation and inflammation. The 
 dose internally is from ^ to 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 1876. Liquor Calcis Chlorinatae. Br. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime, 1 part or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 10 parts or 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them well by triturating in a mortar, and set away in a stoppered bot- 
 tle for three hours, with occasional agitation, then Alter through a calico filter 
 until clear. 
 
 1877. Liquor Calcis Saccharatus. Br. 
 
 Saccharated Solution of Lime. 
 
 Slaked Lime 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar 2 ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the Lime and Sugar by trituration in a mortar and add the mixture to 
 a bottle containing the Water; shake occasionally for a few hours, and finally 
 decant the clear liquid for use. The Sugar adds to the solubility of the Lime. 
 Uses. — This solution is given for the same purposes as ordinary Lime 
 Water, the dose being from 15 to 60 minims. The U. S. Syrupus Calcis is a 
 much stronger preparation. See also Stronger Lime Water (852.) 
 
 1878. Liquor Chlori. Br. 
 
 Solution of Chlori7ie — Chlorine Water. 
 
 This is the Aqua Chlori formerly official in the U. S. P. and still official in 
 the Br. P. under the above title. See page 235. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 553 
 
 1879. Liquor Corrosivus. G. P. 
 
 Corrosive Liquid. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper, 6 parts. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 6 parts. 
 
 Vinegar 70 parts. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead 12 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the salts in the Vinegar and add the Solution. This should be 
 freshly prepared for use. 
 
 1880. Liquor Epispasticus. Br. 
 
 Blistering Liquid — Linimentum Cantharides. 
 
 Cantharides in powder, 5 ounces. 
 
 Acetic Ether sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Cantharides with 3 fl. ounces of Acetic Ether; pack in the water- 
 bath percolator and allow to stand 24 hours ; then pour Acetic Ether on the 
 drug in the percolator, pour hot water in the water-bath surrounding the 
 percolator, allow to stand an hour, and begin to percolate, adding Acetic 
 Ether to the drug and continue the percolation until 20 fl.ounces have passed. 
 
 Uses. — This is used in British Pharmacy for preparing Collodium Vesicans 
 (see page 242), and is sometimes applied as it is as a counter-irritant or epis- 
 pastic for neuralgia, etc. 
 
 1881. Liquor Ferri Acetatis. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Acetate. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, . . 100 parts or 14^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid 26 parts or 4^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 80 parts or 16 fl.ounces. 
 
 N ater * " * * \ of each a sufficient quantity. 
 Distilled Water, I H 
 
 The solution of Iron is diluted with 350 parts or 4 pints of cold Water, 
 and added with constant stirring to the Water of Ammonia previously mixed 
 with 200 parts or 2>£ pints of Water. The precipitate is washed as 
 directed, page 44, until the washings cause but a slight precipitate with test 
 solution of Chloride of Barium. It is then drained and pressed as dry as 
 possible and dissolved in the Glacial Acetic Acid, and enough Distilled 
 Water added to the solution to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 This solution should have a sp. gr. of 1.160 and contain 33 per cent, of 
 anhydrous Ferric Acetate. It is used mainly for making Tincture of Acetate 
 of Iron. The dose is 3 to 5 minims. 
 
554 LiguoRES — solutions. 
 
 It is somewhat stronger than the Br. Liquor Ferri Acetatis Fortior, 
 which has sp. gr. 1.127, and is made in the same manner with solution Per- 
 sulphate of Iron 5 fl. ounces, solution of Ammonia a sufficiency, Glacial 
 Acetic Acid 3 flounces, Distilled Water, a sufficiency to make 10 fl. ounces. 
 The Liquor Ferri Acetatis of the Br. P. is a solution of the same strength 
 as the Br. Tincture of Acetate of Iron, made by mixing 1 fl.ounce of the Br. 
 strong solution of Acetate of Iron with enough Distilled Water to make 
 4 fl. ounces. Its sp. gr. should be 1.031. 
 
 The German preparation by the same name contains about 5 per cent, of 
 the Iron Salt, and is somewhat stronger than the Br. solution last named. 
 
 1882. Liquor Ferri Dialysatus. 
 
 Solution of Dialysed Iron. 
 
 This solution is official in the Br. P. The formula will be found on page 
 272. It should contain 5 per cent, of Oxide of Iron. Liquor Ferri Oxy- 
 chlorate (1887) is frequently sold for Dialysed Iron, as it is much' more 
 readily made. 
 
 1883. Liquor Ferri Chloridi. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Iron — Solution of Ferric Chloride. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Iron in the form of fine wire and cut into small 
 
 pieces, 1 5 parts, or y/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 86 parts, or 16^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Nitric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Put the Iron Wire into a flask capable of holding double the volume 
 required and pour upon it 54 parts or xoyi fl.ounces of Hydrochloric Acid 
 previously diluted with 25 parts or 5^ fl.ounces of Distilled Water, and let 
 the mixture stand until effervescense ceases ; then heat it to the boiling point ; 
 filter through paper, and, having rinsed the flask and Iron Wire with a little 
 boiling Distilled Water, pass the washings through the filter. To the filtered 
 liquid add 27 parts or 5X fl.ounces of Hydrochloric Acid and pour the 
 mixture slowly and gradually in a stream into 8 parts, or \*/% fl.ounces of 
 Nitric Acid contained in a capacious porcelain vessel. Afrer effervescense 
 ceases, apply heat by means of a sand bath until the liquid is free from 
 nitrous odors. Then test a small portion with freshly prepared test-solution 
 of ferricyanide of potassium. Should this reagent produce a blue color, add a 
 little more Nitric Acid and evaporate off the excess. Finally, add the remain- 
 ing 5 parts, or 1 fl.ounce of Hydrochloric Acid and enough Distilled Water 
 to make 100 parts or 1 pint of the liquid, which contains 37.8 per cent, of the 
 anhydrous salt. Its sp. gr. is about 1 .40. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 555 
 
 The Br. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi Fortior, or Strong Solution of Per chlo- 
 ride of Iron, is made in the same manner as the foregoing, but contains a 
 trifle more of the iron salt, 4 ounces av. of Iron Wire being used to produce 
 17^ fl. ounces (Imperial) of the solution. Sp. gr. about 1.42. 
 
 The Br. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi, or Solution of Perchloride of Iron, is 
 the same strength as the Br. Tincture of Perchloride of Iron, and is made by 
 mixing 5 fl. ounces of the strong solution of Perchloride of Iron with sufficient 
 Distilled Water to produce after admixture 20 fl. ounces sp.gr. i.n. The 
 dose is 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 The German Liquor Ferri Perchloridi, or Solution of Perchloride of 
 Iron, is made in a similar manner as the U. S. solution, but is much weaker, 
 containing only 10 per cent, of Iron. Sp. gr. about 1.280. 
 
 Uses. — The Solution of Chloride of Iron is used chiefly for making 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron, Dialysed Iron and some other Iron prepara- 
 tions. As the same or similar names are applied to solutions of different 
 strengths it is necessary to understand which one is intended. 
 
 1884. Liquor Ferri Citratis. U. S. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Citrate. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, . . 105 parts or \oy z ounces av. 
 
 Citric Acid 30 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 84 parts or 8jS^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make . . . . 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 
 
 To the Water of Ammonia previously diluted with 200 parts or 20 fl. ounces 
 of Cold Water add, constantly stirring, the Solution of Iron previously diluted 
 with 1000 parts or 6 pints of Cold Water. Wash the precipitate which forms 
 as directed, page 44, until the washings cause but a slight cloudiness with 
 test-solution of chloride of barium ; then pour off the Water, drain the pre- 
 cipitate and transfer it to a porcelain dish, add the Citric Ac'd, and heat the 
 mixture on a water-bath to 6o° C. (140 F.), stirring constantly until the pre- 
 cipitate is dissolved. Lastly, filter the liquid and evaporate it at the above 
 named temperature to about 100 parts or 10 ounces av. This solution contains 
 about 35.5 per cent, of the anhydrous salt, equivalent to 50 per cent, of the 
 scaled salt. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this solution is used for making several other scale 
 salts and solutions of Iron, and is very convenient to use in solutions in place 
 of the scale salt when directed, double the quantity by weight being required. 
 
 A solution of Citrate of Iron and Ammonium is used for combining with 
 elixirs, syrups, etc., see 1925. 
 
556 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1885. Liquor Ferri et Quininae Citratis. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 65 parts or 1 136 grains. 
 Quinine (Alkaloid), dried at ioo° C. 
 
 (212 F.) 12 parts or 210 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid, 28 parts or 490 grains. 
 
 Alcohol 30 parts or 12 rl. drachms. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make . 200 parts or 8 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Iron and Ammonium in 200 parts or 8 ounces of 
 Distilled Water contained in a weighed capsule, heat the solution to 6o° C. 
 (140" F.) on a water-bath, add the Citric Acid, and, when dissolved, add the 
 Quinine, stirring the mixture until a perfect solution has been obtained. 
 Evaporate this to 160 parts or 6 ounces av., allow it to cool, add the Alcohol, 
 and finally enough Distilled Water to make 200 parts or 8 ounces av. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is just half the strength of the scaled salt and is very 
 convenient to use in solutions instead of it when required. Double the 
 quantity by weight must be used as is directed of the scaled salt. It may be 
 used instead of the salt in making elixirs, syrups, wines, etc. The dose is 
 from 10 to 20 minims. 
 
 1886, Liquor Ferri Nitratis. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Nitrate. 
 The U. S. formula is as follows : 
 
 Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, ... 18 parts or 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 15 parts or 3 flounces. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 7 parts or j]/ 2 drachms. 
 
 is 1 e a er, / eac ^ su ffj c j ent to ma k e IOO p ar t s or 20 ounces av. 
 Water, . . . ) F 
 
 Dilute the Water of Ammonia with 40 parts or 8 fl.ounces of cold Water 
 and add to it the Solution of Iron previously diluted with 100 parts or 20 
 fl.ounces of Water, stirring constantly. Wash the precipitate as directed, 
 page 44, until the washings show only a slight cloudiness with test-solution of 
 chloride of barium, then drain it, transfer to a capacious weighed porcelain 
 dish and add the Nitric Acid, stirring until a clear solution is obtained. 
 Finally, add enough Distilled Water to make 100 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 The Br. Liquor Ferri Pernitratis, or Solution of Pernitrate of Iron, is 
 made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of Iron Wire in 4^ fl.ounces of Nitric Acid, 
 diluted with 16 fl.ounces of Water, filtering the solution and adding enough 
 water to make 30 fl.ounces (Imperial). 
 
 Uses. — This solution is given in doses of 5 to 30 minims as a tonic and 
 astringent. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 557 
 
 1887. Liquor Ferri Oxychlorati. G. P. 
 
 Solution of Oxychloride of Iron. 
 This Solution is official in the G. P. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Iron (G. P.) 35 parts. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 35 parts. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 3 parts. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix 160 parts of Water with the Solution of Chloride of Iron and add it, 
 with constant stirring, to the Water of Ammonia, mixed with 320 parts of 
 Water ; wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, and having drained and 
 pressed it, mix it with the Hydrochloric Acid and set aside for three days ; 
 then add enough water to bring the specific gravity of the product to 1.050. 
 This liquid contains 3.5 per cent, of Iron. It may be used in place of Solu- 
 tion of Dialvsed Iron. 
 
 1888. Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. 
 
 Solution of Subsulphate of Iron — Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate — 
 
 Monsel's Solution. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 77 parts or 13 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts or 510 grains. 
 
 > each sufficient to make 1 14 parts or to ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, S 
 
 Mix the Sulphuric Acid with n parts or 800 grains of Nitric Acid, and 50 
 parts or 8 fl. ounces of Distilled Waiter, in a capacious porcelain capsule, and 
 having heated the mixture to the boiling point add the Sulphate of Iron (one 
 fourth at a time), stirring after each addition until effervescence ceases. 
 Should the addition of a few drops of Nitric Acid cause a further evolution of 
 red fumes, cautiously add Nitric Acid until red fumes cease to be evolved. 
 Then keep the solution in brisk ebullition until nitrous vapors are no longer 
 perceptible and the liquid assumes a deep ruby-red tint. Lastly, add enough 
 Distilled Water to make the solution weigh 114 parts or 19 ounces av. It 
 contains 48. 7 per cent, of Basic ferric Sulphate Fe 4 0(S0 4 ) 6 . Sp.gr. 1.55. 
 
 'I he Br. Liquor Ferri Persulphatis, or Solution of Persulphate of Iron, is 
 similar to this, and when .Solution of Persulphate of Iron is prescribed or 
 ! this should be 1 ed. It contains less acid than the Solution of 
 
 ! ulphate of Iron, and is much stronger of the iron salt. 
 
 Uses.— This solution is used as a styptic application for stopping hemor- 
 tnd is given internally in doses of 3 to 6 minims, diluted with water;, 
 as .in astringent. 
 
558 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1889. Liquor Feiri Tersulphatis. 
 
 Solution of Tcr sulphate of Iron — Solution of Normal Ferric Sulphate. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 80 parts or 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 15 pans or \y z ounces av. 
 
 Niiric Acid, ) each a sufficient quantity to make \ 2Q ounces av 
 
 Distilled Water, ) 200 parts or i 
 
 Mix the Sulphuric Acid with n parts or 482 grains of Nitric Acid and 
 with 50 parts or 5 fl. ounces of Distilled Water, and proceed as directed in the 
 foregoing formula, adding enough Distilled Water at last to make 200 parts 
 or 20 ounces av. This solution contains 28.7 per cent of Normal Ferric Sul- 
 phate, Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Its sp. gr. is 1.32. 
 
 Uses.— In pharmacy this solution is used in making many other iron prep- 
 arations, Ferric Hydrate being precipitated from it with Ammonia. For 
 medicinal use the Solution of Subsulphate of Iron is preferred. 
 
 1890. Liquor Gutta-Perchae. 
 
 Solution of Gutta-Percha. 
 The U. S. formula is — 
 
 Gutta-Percha in thin slices 9 parts. 
 
 Commercial Chloroform, by weight, 91 parts. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead 10 parts. 
 
 Add the Gutta-Percha to 70 parts of the Chloroform contained in a bottle, 
 cork it well, and shake it occasionally until the Gutta-Percha is dissolved. 
 Then add the Carbonate of Lead previously mixed with the remainder of the 
 Chloroform, and having several times shaken the whole together at intervals 
 of half an hour, set the mixture aside until the insoluble matters have sub- 
 sided and the solution has become perfectly clear. Lastly, decant the liquid 
 and preserve it in small cork-stoppered vials. 
 
 The Br. formula is about the same. Gutta-Percha in thin slices 1 ounce, 
 Chloroform 8 fl ounces, Carbonate of Lead in tine powder 1 ounce. It is 
 made in the same way. 
 
 Uses.— This soluron is used in pharmacy for mixing with mustard to 
 make mustard paper, and may be used for other adhesive purposes, and as a 
 cement or glue for rubber, etc. 
 
 1891. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Mercury — Solution of Mercuric Nitrate. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Red Oxide of Mercury, 60 parts or 4 ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid 45 parts or 3 flounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 1 5 parts or 1 K flounces. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 559 
 
 Mix the Nitric Acid with the Water and dissolve the Red Oxide of Mer- 
 cury in the mixture. Keep the solution in glass-stoppered bottles. This 
 solution contains about 50 per cent, of Mercuric Nitrate Hg (N 3 ) 2 . 
 
 The solution of Nitrate of Mercury, formerly official, was similar to the 
 Br., which is now called Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis Acidus, or Acid Solu- 
 tion of Nitrate of Mercury, and is made by dissolving with the aid of 
 gentle heat 4 ounces av. of Mercury in 5 fi.ounces of Nitric Acid mixed with 
 i]/ 2 fi.ounces of Distilled Water. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used as a caustic application for ulcers, cancers, 
 and malignant sores. 
 
 1892. Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi. Br. 
 
 Solution of Per chloride of Mercury. 
 This is official in the Br. P., made as follows : 
 
 Perchloride of Mercury (Corrosive Sublimate). ... 10 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium 10 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water (Imperial measure; 20 fi.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve. The dose is y 2 fl. drachm to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 1893. Liquor Iodi Compositus. 
 
 Compound Solution of Iodine — ■ Lugol's Solution. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Iodine 5 parts or yi ounce av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium io parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 85 parts or 8}i fi.ounces. 
 
 live the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium in the Distilled Water, and 
 keep the solution in wcll-stopoed bottles. 
 
 The P>r. P. under the heading Liquor Iodi or Solution of Iodine directs 
 10 parts, Iodide of Potassium 15 parts, Distilled Water 200 parts. 
 The percentage of Iodine is the same as in the U. S. formula. 
 Uses.— Lugol's Solution, as it is popularly known is given internally in 
 if 3 to 5 minims diluted with water, as an alterative and absorbent. 
 
 The following are well-known similar unofficial solutions of Iodine 
 Compound : 
 
 1894. Churchill's Iodine Caustic— Iodine 60 grains, Iodide of Potassium 
 120 grains, Water 4 fl.drachms. For external use. 
 
 1895. Magendie's Iodine Solution. — Iodine 2 grains, Iodide of Potassium 
 24'« grains, Peppermint Water 6 fi.ounces. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
560 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1896. Liquor Kalii Acetici. G. P. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Potassium. 
 
 Acetic Acid (G. P.) 100 parts. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 48 parts. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 147 parts. 
 
 Add the Bicarbonate of Potassium gradually to the Acetic Acid, and heat 
 the Solution to boiling ; then neutralize with Bicarbonate of Potassium and 
 add sufficient Water to make 147 parts. 
 
 Three parts of the Solution contain one part of the dry salt. 
 
 1897. Liquor Kalii Carbonici. G. P. 
 
 Solution of Carbonate of Potassium. 
 
 Pure Carbonate of Potassium 11 parts. 
 
 Water 20 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Water, and filter the Solution. 
 Three parts of the Solution contain one part of the dry salt. 
 
 1898. Liquor Lithiae Effervescens. Br. 
 
 Effervescing Solution of Lit/iia — Lithia Water. 
 
 This is made by adding 10 grains of Carbonate of Lithium to 20 fl.ounces 
 of Water and charging with Carbonic Acid Gas to about 60 pounds pressure, 
 in strong glass bottles. It is used for kidney diseases. The dose is 5 to 10 
 fl.ounces. 
 
 1899. Liquor Magnesii Carbonatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Carbonate of Magnesium — Fluid Magnesia. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt) 2 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1%. ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Dissolve the Salts separately each in half a pint of water. Heat the 
 Solution of Sulphate of Magnesium to the boiling point and add to it the Solu- 
 tion of Carbonate of Sodium and boil them together until Carbonic Add 
 ceases to be evolved. Wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, until the 
 washings cease to give a precipitate with test solution of Chloride of Barium. 
 Mix the precipitate with 20 fl.ounces of Distilled Water and charge with 
 Carbonic Acid Gas to about 50 pounds pressure. Let stand under pressure 
 for 24 hours, then filter to remove any undissolved Carbonate of Magnesium 
 and charge again with gas in bottles. 
 
 This solution contains about 2 per cent, of Magnesia. The dose is 1 to 2 
 fl.ounces. 
 
 Fluid Magnesia is a popular remedy in Great Britain, but is little used in 
 this country. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 561 
 
 1900. Liquor Magnesii Citratis. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Magtiesium. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 200 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid, 400 grains. 
 
 Syrup of Citric Acid, 2 fl. ounces.- 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 30 grains. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in 4 fl. ounces of Water, and, having added the 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, stir occasionally until it is dissolved. Filter the 
 solution into a strong bottle of 12 fl. ounces capacity, containing the Syrup 
 of Citric Acid, then add, without agitation, Water previously boiled and 
 filtered to nearly fill the bottle, and, lastly, add the Bicarbonate of Potassium 
 in Crystals and immediately close the bottle with a good cork, which must 
 be tied down with twine. 
 
 The Br. formula directs l / z fl. ounce Syrup of Lemons instead of the Syrup 
 of Citric Acid, and 40 grains instead of 30 grains of Bicarbonate of Potas- 
 sium. 
 
 Uses.— This solution is familiarly known as "Citrate of Magnesia," and is. 
 used as a laxative and refrigerant, in doses of a bottle or less. 
 
 1901. Permanent Solution Citrate of Magnesium. 
 
 As made by the foregoing formula this solution soon decomposes and 
 becomes unfit for use. The following is proposed as an unalterable solution 
 that will keep indefinitely : 
 
 Boric Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Citric Acid 6 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium y/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water 40 ll.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Boric Acid in 20 flounces of hot water, add the Citric Acid and 
 the remainder of the water. When cool add the Carbonate of Magnesium, 
 dissolve and filter the solution. To 8 fl.ounces of this solution in a 12-ounce 
 bottle add 2 ounces Syrup Citric Acid and 30 grains Bicarbonate of Potas- 
 sium. Cork and tic down in the usual manner. 
 
 1902. Liquor Morphinae Acetatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Morphine. 
 
 Ai etate of Morphine 9 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Arctic Acid, iS minims or 2 fl.parts. 
 
 Rectified Spirit # fl.ounce or 24 11. parts. 
 
 Distilled Water [# fl.ounces or 73 fl.parts. 
 
 Mix the Acid, the Spirit and the Water and dissolve the Acetate of Mor- 
 phine iu the solution. The solution contains 1 per cent, of the. Salt. The 
 dose is 10 to 60 minims. 
 
562 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1903. Liquor Morphinae Bimeconatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Bimeconate of Morphine. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Morphine 9 grains. 
 
 Solution (Water) of Ammonia, a sufficiency. 
 
 Meconic Acid, 6 grains. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, ]/ z flounce. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Dissolve the Morphine salt in two or three drachms of Distilled Water, 
 by the aid of heat, then add the solution of Ammonia until Morphine ceases 
 to be precipitated. Cool, filter, wash the precipitate with distilled water 
 until the washings cease to give a precipitate with Nitrate of Silver. Drain, 
 mix the precipitate with sufficient water to produce an ounce and a half, add 
 the Rectified Spirit and the Meconic Acid, and dissolve. 
 
 This solution may also be made by dissolving 5^ grains of Bimeconate of 
 Morphine in water 5 ti. drachms mixed with Alcohol 3 fl.drachms. ft is about 
 the same strength as Tincture of Opium. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is considerably used in place of Tincture of Opium 
 in doses of 5 to 40 minims. 
 
 1904. Liquor Morphinae Hydrochloratis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Hydrochlorate of Morphine. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Morphine, ... 9 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, ... 18 minims or 2 fl.parts. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, y 2 flounce or 24 fl.parts. 
 
 Distilled Water, 1%. flounce or 73 fl.parts. 
 
 Mix the Hydrochloric Acid, the spirit and the water and dissolve the 
 Morphine salt in the mixture. It contains 1 per cent, of the Morphine salt. 
 The dose is 10 to 60 minims. 
 
 1905. Liquor Morphinae Sulphatis. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Morphine. 
 
 Although this solution is not now official it is more frequently prescribed 
 in this country than any of the foregoing solutions of Morphine. 
 The formula of the 1870 U. S. P. was : 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine 8 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water 8 flounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine salt in the Water. Dose, yi grain. Elixir Mor- 
 phine (697) is preferable to this solution, and of the same strength. 
 
 Magendies Solution of Morphine is made with Sulphate of Morphine 8 
 grains, Distilled Water 1 flounce. This should never be dispensed unless it 
 is definitely prescribed or directed. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 563 
 
 1906. Liquor Pepsini. U. S. 
 
 Solution of Pepsin — Liquid Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin 40 parts or 300 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 12 parts or 66 minims. 
 
 Glycerin 400 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 548 parts or 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Saccharated Pepsin in the Water previously mixed with the 
 Hydrochloric Acid, add the Glycerin, let the mixture stand 24 hours, and 
 filter or strain. 
 
 Uses.— Solution of Pepsin is given as an aid to digestion in doses of 2 to 4 
 11. drachms, or more. 
 
 1907. Solution of Lactopeptine or Liquid Lactopepti?ie may be made 
 in the same proportions and manner as the above. Lactic Acid may be used 
 instead of Hydrochloric Acid. 
 
 Liquor Pancrco-Pepsin may be made by macerating Saccharated Pepsin 
 256 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin 128 grains, in a mixture of Hydrochloric 
 Acid 90 minims, Lactic Acid 60 minims, Glycerin 5 fl.ounces, Water 1 1 
 fl.ounces ; then filter. This is similar to Solution of Lactopeptine. 
 
 1908. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. 
 
 Solution of Subacetate of Lead — Goulard's Extract. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Acetate of Lead 170 parts* or 1900 grains. 
 
 Oxide of Lead (Litharge) 120 parts or 1242 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 1000 parts or 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Acetate of Lead in 800 parts or 10 fl.ounces of boiling 
 Distilled Water in a glass or porcelain vessel. Then add the Oxide of Lead 
 and boil for half an hour, adding a little Distilled Water from time to time to 
 make up for the evaporation. Remove the heat, allow the liquid to cool, and 
 add enough Distilled Water previously boiled to make 1000 parts or 10 
 tl. ounces and finally filter. Sp. gr. 1.228. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Acetate of Lead 5 ounces av., Oxide of Lead 5^ ounces 
 av., Distilled Water sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces (Imperial measure), to be 
 made in the same manner as the foregoing. Sp. gr., 1.275. 
 
 The German official preparation is made with Acetate of Lead 3 parts, 
 Oxide of Lead r part, Distilled Water 10 parts, by melting the lead salts 
 with one-twentieth part of the water on a water-bath and continuing the heat 
 until the yellowish color of the mixture has changed to a white or reddish 
 white, then adding the remainder of the water, setting aside and filtering. 
 Sp.gr. 1.235. 
 
 Uses.— This solution is used in Pharmacy for making cerate and liniment of 
 Subacetate of Lead, and in medicine as an astringent and sedative application 
 to inflamed surfaces, for injections, etc. It is generally diluted before using. 
 
564 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1909. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. 
 
 Diluted Solution of Subacetate of Lead — Lead Water. 
 This is the foregoing solution diluted, the U. S. formula being: 
 
 Solution of Subacetate of Lead, ... 3 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
 Distilled Water 97 parts or 10 flounces. 
 
 Mix the solution with the water previously boiled and cooled. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Solution of Subacetate of Lead 2 fl.drachms, Rectified 
 Spirit 2 fl.drachms, Distilled Water 19^ flounces, (Imperial measure) mak- 
 ing a preparation only half the strength of the U. S. 
 
 Uses.— This is used as a soothing application, etc., the same as the 
 foregoing. 
 
 1910. Liquor Potassae. 
 
 Solid ioti of Potassa. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, .... 90 parts or 2 ]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Lime 40 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 1000 parts or 24 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Potassium in 400 parts or 10 flounces of 
 Distilled Water, heat the solution until effervescense ceases and then raise it 
 to boiling. Slake the Lime, make it into a smooth paste with 400 parts or 
 10 fl. ounces of Distilled Water and heat to boiling, then gradually add the 
 first liquid to the second and continue the boiling for 10 minutes. Remove 
 the heat, cover tightly, and when cold add enough Distilled Water to make 
 1000 parts or 1% pints. Lastly, strain through linen, set the liquid aside 
 until it is clear, and decant. 
 
 Simple Process. — This may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of 
 Potassa (Caustic Potash) in a pint of Distilled Water; this is the method 
 most generally employed by druggists. The U. S. preparation contains 
 about 5 per cent, of Hydrate of Potassium. 
 
 The Br. formula is Carbonate of Potassium 1 pound av., Slaked Lime 12 
 ounces av., Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). The solution is 
 made in a similar manner to the U. S., and contains 5.84 per cent, of the 
 hydrate. 
 
 The German Liquor Kail Canst lei, contains nearly 1 5 per cent, of the 
 hydrate and must not be used when the U. S. or Br. solutions are intended. 
 
 Uses.— In pharmacy Solution of Potassa is frequently used to saponify 
 balsams or oils in mixtures, and in medicine is given largely diluted as an 
 alkali or antacid. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 565 
 
 1911. Liquor Potassii Arsenitis. 
 
 Solution of Arsenite of Potassium — Fowler's Solution. 
 
 Arsenious Acid in small pieces, ... 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 1 part or 74 grains. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Lavender, . . 3 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Boil the Arsenious Acid and Bicarbonate of Potassium in a glass vessel 
 with 10 parts or \ l / z fl. ounce of Distilled water until the acid is completely 
 dissolved. Then add the Compound Tincture of Lavender and enough 
 Distilled Water to make 100 parts Or 1 pint; set the mixture aside for 8 
 days and filter through paper. 
 
 1912. Liquor Potassii Citratis. U. S. 
 
 Citric Acid 6 parts or 480 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 8 parts or 640 grains. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Acid and Potassium salt, each separately in 40 parts or about 
 6 fl.ounces of Water. Filter the solutions and wash the filters with enough 
 water to make 50 parts or 8 tl. ounces of each. Then mix them together and 
 when effervescense has ceased, bottle. It should be freshly made when 
 wanted for use. 
 
 Concentrated solutions of these salts, made double the strength of the 
 above, may be made and kept on hand for making this solution. Then for 
 each fl. ounce of the solution required mix 2 fl. drachms of each solution with 
 enough Water to make 1 flounce. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used as a cooling draught and diaphoretic in doses 
 of 1 nr 2 teaspoonfuls mixed with water. 
 
 A strong solution of Citrate of Potassium is also made for combining 
 with elixirs, etc. (1926). 
 
 1913. Liquor Potassae Effervescens. Br. 
 
 Effervescing Sola lion of Potash — Potash Water. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 30 grains. 
 
 Water 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Water and charge with Carbonic Acid ('.as to 
 about 60 pounds pressure, then bottle under pressure. 
 
 Uses.— This is given in doses of 2 to 4 11. ounces as an antacid or alkaline 
 draught. 
 
566 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1914. Liquor Potassii Permanganatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Permanganate of Potassium. 
 
 Permanganate of Potassium, 88 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water (Imperial measure) 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve. 
 
 This solution was official in the 1870 U. S. P. ; 4 grains of the salt being 
 dissolved in 1 fl. ounce of water. 
 
 Uses.— It is given in doses of 2 to 4 fl. drachms for foul stomach, bad breath, 
 etc. ; also used externally as a wash for sores, ulcers, etc. 
 
 1915. Liquor Sodas. 
 
 Solution of Soda. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 180 parts or 5 ounces av. 
 
 Lime 60 parts or 1 l / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make . 1000 parts or 24 flounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 400 parts or 10 fl. ounces of boiling 
 Distilled Water. Slake the Lime and make it into a smooth mixture with 
 400 parts or 10 fl. ounces of Distilled Water and heat to boiling. Then 
 graduallv add the first liquid to the second and continue the boiling for 10 
 minutes. Remove the heat, cover the vessel tightly, and when cold add 
 enough Distilled Water to make 1000 parts or \)A pints. Lastly, strain 
 through linen, set the liquid aside until clear, and decant. 
 
 Simple Process. — This may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of 
 Soda (Caustic Soda) in a pint of Distilled Water, and this method is generally 
 employed by druggists. 
 
 The U. S. preparation contains about 5 percent, of Sodium Hydrate. 
 
 The Br. formula is Carbonate of Sodium 28 ounces, Slaked Lime 12 
 ounces, Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). The solution is made 
 in a similar manner to the U.S. and contains a little more than 4 per cent, 
 of Sodium Hydrate. 
 
 The German Liquor Natri Caustici contains nearly 15 per cent, of the 
 Hydrate and must not be used when the U. S. or Br. solutions are intended. 
 
 Uses.— This solution is used for similar purposes and in the same doses as 
 Solution of Potassa, the last named being generally preferred for medicinal 
 uses. 
 
 1916. Liquor Sodae Chloratae. U. S. 
 
 Solution of Chlorinated Soda — Liquor Soda Chlorinates. Br. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 100 parts or 25 ounces av. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime, 80 parts or 20 ounces av. 
 
 W ater sufficient to make 1000 parts or 14 pints. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 567 
 
 Mix the Chlorinated Lime intimately with 400 parts or 5^ pints of Water 
 in a tarred vessel provided with a closely fitting cover. Dissolve the Car- 
 bonate of Sodium in 400 parts or $}4 pints of boiling Water, and immedi- 
 ately pour the latter solution into the former; cover the vessel tightly, and 
 when the contents are cold, add enough Water to make 1000 parts or 14 
 pints. Lastly, strain the mixture through muslin, allow the precipitate to 
 subside and remove the clear solution by means of a siphon, or decant. 
 
 The Br. formula is Carbonate of Sodium 24 ounces av., Chlorinated Lime 
 16 ounces av., Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). It is made in a 
 similar manner. 
 
 The solution of Chlorinated Lime was formerly called Labarraque's 
 Solution or Liquor of Chloride of Oxide of Soda. It differs from Eau de 
 fa-velle (Javelle Water) in being prepared with Carbonate of Sodium instead 
 of Carbonate of Potassium, but its uses are similar. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used as a deodorizer and disinfectant also for 
 bleaching and removing fruit stains from linen, and is given as an antiseptic 
 in doses of 10 to 20 minims ; also used as a gargle and for insufflating largely 
 diluted with Water. 
 
 1917. Liquor Sodii Arseniatis. 
 Solution of Arseniate of Sodium. 
 
 Arseniate of Sodium, rendered anhy- 
 drous by a temperature not exceeding 
 
 300 F. (148 9 C.j, 9 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Distilled Water 2 fl. ounces or 99 fi. parts. 
 
 Dissolve. Dose 5 to 10 minims. 
 The Br. formula is the same. 
 
 Uses.— This solution is used for the same purposes as Fowler's Solution. 
 It contains 1 per cent, of the Arsenic salt. 
 
 1918. Liquor Sodii Ethylatis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Ethylate of Sodium. 
 
 Metallic Sodium, free from Oxide, 22 grains. 
 
 Ethylic (Common) Alcohol 1 il. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Sodium in the Alcohol contained in a Mask, the latter being 
 kept cool in a stream of cold water. The solution should be recently 
 prepared. 
 
 1019. Liquor Sodii Silicatis. 
 
 Solution oj Silicate of Sodium Liquid Glass— Water Glass. 
 
 This may be made by mixing one part of line sand and two parts of dried 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium together and fusing them in an earthenware crucible, 
 
568 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 pouring out the fused mass on a slab, and, when cool, powdering it and 
 dissolving its soluble portion in water by the aid of heat ; the clear liquid 
 being decanted and reduced to a liquid of the consistence of thick syrup by 
 evaporation. It contains about 30 per cent, of the salt. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is known commercially as Liquid Glass, and is used 
 in making cements, kalsomine preparations, plaster compositions, wood 
 filling, and many other like purposes. It is frequently added to cheap soaps 
 to increase their weight and make them absorb more water. In surgery, it is 
 used in preparing mechanical dressings ; and in dentistry, for mixing with 
 plaster for casts, making cements, etc. 
 
 1920. Liquor Strychninae Hydrochloratis. Br. 
 
 Solution of Hydrochlorate of Strychnine — Liquor Strychninae. 
 
 Strychine in Crystals 9 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid 14 minims or 2 fl. parts. 
 
 Rectified Spirit ]/ 2 flounce or 24 fl. parts. 
 
 Distilled Water \ l / 2 fl. ounce or 73 fl. parts. 
 
 Mix the Acid with 4 drachms of the Water and dissolve the Strychnine in 
 the mixture by the aid of heat ; then add the Spirit and remainder of the 
 Water. This solution contains 1 per cent, of Strychnine and may be given 
 in doses of 5 to 10 minims. 
 
 1921. Liquor Zinci Chloridi. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Zi>ic. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Zinc, Granulated 240 parts or 6% ounces av. 
 
 Nitric Acid 12 parts or 100 minims. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc, . . 12 parts or 136 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, ) 
 
 Distilled Water, . \ each a suftlcient ^ uantit ^ 
 
 To the Zinc contained in a glass or porcelain vessel, add, gradually, enough 
 Hydrochloric Acid to dissolve it; then strain the solution, add the Nitric 
 Acid, evaporate to dryness, and bring the dry mass to fusion. Let it cool, 
 dissolve it in 150 parts or 4}4 flounces of Distilled Water, add the precipi- 
 tated Carbonate of Zinc and agitate the mixture occasionally during 24 hours. 
 Finally, filter through white filtering paper free from iron and pass enough 
 Distilled Water through the filter to make 1000 parts or 1 pint of the solu- 
 tion, which contains about 50 per cent, of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 The Br. formula is Granulated Zinc 1 pound av., Hydrochloric Acid 44 
 fl. ounces, Solution of Chlorine ("Chlorine Water") a sufficiency, Carbonate of 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 569 
 
 Zinc, l />. ounce, or a sufficiency, Distilled Water 20 rl. ounces ; to be made into 
 2 pints (Imperial measure) of solution. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Zinc may also be conveniently made by dissolving 
 1 ounce av. of granular Chloride of Zinc in 1 rl. ounce of Distilled Water. 
 This is the method usually employed by druggists. A common cheap 
 solution of Chloride of Zinc for disinfecting may be made by dissolving Zinc 
 in strips or cuttings in commercial Hydrochloric Acid to saturation. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is used mainly as a disinfectant and antiseptic. 
 Embalming Fluids are chiefly diluted solutions of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 Unofficial Solutions. 
 
 USED FOR COMBINING WITH ELIXIRS, SYRUPS, ETC. 
 
 The preparations included under this heading are mostly- 
 strong solutions of chemical salts, convenient for combining 
 with elixirs, emulsions, syrups, etc. A few, however, are 
 intended to be used or prescribed as they are. Several other 
 solutions useful for similar purposes will be found under other 
 headings, as coloring solutions, dialysates, official solutions, 
 etc. These arc the solutions which are referred to in the 
 various elixirs, emulsions, syrups, etc., when it is noted that 
 " an equivalent quantity of the solution of the specified salt 
 may be used." 
 
 They are given more prominence in this work than the 
 official solutions, because of their use as described. 
 
 1922. Solution of Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Although a standard solution of Carbolic Acid is not official, 
 sucli a preparation is furnished by manufacturers and by com- 
 mon consent is made to contain 5 grains of Carbolic Acid in 
 each tl. drachm. It may be made as follows: 
 
 Carbolic Acid (Crystals) 640 grains. 
 
 ( rlycerin, } , cc ■ , , -.. 
 
 each, a sufficient quantity. 
 Water. * 
 
 Liquefy the Acid by the aid of heat and add 2 ounces of 
 Glycerin to the solution, then add enough Wain- to make the 
 measure \ \ fl.ounces. If the solution is then clear add enough 
 
570 LIOUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 Water to make 16 fl. ounces, but if it should be " milky " add 
 enough Glycerin to make clear, and then sufficient water to 
 make the measure a pint, and filter. 
 
 Solutions of Carbolic Acid of other strengths may be made 
 in the same manner. See, also, Nos. 29 and 1750. 
 
 1923. Solution Chloride of Iron. (Tasteless.) 
 
 TASTELESS TINCTURE CHLORIDE OF IRON. 
 
 Solution Chloride of Iron (1883), • • 4 A. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 10 ounces av. 
 
 Citric Acid, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Water, q. s. to make, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in 4 fl. ounces of boiling Water and 
 add the Carbonate of Sodium, in crystals, gradually until all 
 is added and effervescense has ceased ; then add the Solution 
 of Chloride of Iron and enough Water to make a pint of the 
 solution. This is a Solution of Citro-Chloride of Iron and 
 Sodium. 
 
 It may also be made by dissolving 6 ounces av. of Citrate of 
 Potassium or Citrate of Sodium in half a pint of Water and 
 adding the Solution of Iron and then enough Water to make 
 the measure a pint. 
 
 Uses. — This solution is the same strength of Chloride of 
 Iron as the official Tincture Chloride of Iron, and may be used 
 for the same purposes and in the same dose. It is somewhat 
 acid, but the styptic taste of the Iron is avoided. It is used 
 in making several elixirs and syrups, as Elixir Gentian with 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, etc., and is employed in the same 
 quantity as the official tincture. 
 
 1924. Solution Citrate of Bismuth and 
 Ammonium. 
 
 For combining with elixirs, etc., a strong solution of Citrate 
 of Bismuth and Ammonium is desirable to use instead of the 
 salt, as an equivalent quantity may be added to any prepara- 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 571 
 
 tion and thus save the time and trouble of dissolving the salt. 
 It may be made as follows : 
 
 Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 8 J 3 ounces av. 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s., about, . . I )A fl. ounce. 
 Warm Water, sufficient to make, . . i pint. 
 
 To S ounces of Warm Water contained in a mortar add the 
 Bismuth Salt in small portions at a time and Water of 
 Ammonia a little at a time, rubbing them well together until 
 the salt is all dissolved, taking care that Ammonia shall 
 not be in excess enough for its odor to be noticeable, then add 
 sufficient water to make a pint, and filter or decant. 
 
 This solution contains 50 per cent, of the Bismuth Salt, 
 therefore, in using it in elixirs, etc., where Citrate of Bismuth 
 and Ammonium is directed, twice the quantity stated of the 
 salt, or 2 minims for each grain should be used. 
 
 1925. Solution of Citrate of Iron and 
 
 Ammonium. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 8^-3 ounces aw 
 Water, sufficient to make, . . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt in half a pint of hot water, and when 
 cool add enough water to make a pint. 
 
 This is a 50 per cent, solution convenient for using in elixirs, 
 syrups, etc., when the scale salt is directed. Use 2 minims 
 for each grain of the salt directed in the formula. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Iron (1884) may be used in many 
 preparations instead of this, but is not so readily held in 
 solution. 
 
 1926. Solution Citrate of Potassium. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium 8 ounces av. 
 
 Citric Acid 6 ounces aw 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 I': iolve the Carbonate of Potassium in io fl.ounces of 
 
 Water and add the ' it in Arid a little at a time When all has 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 been added and effervescense ceases, add enough Water to 
 make 20 fl. ounces of the solution and filter. Use double the 
 quantity of this solution as is directed of the salt in the 
 formula. 
 
 1927. Solution of Citric Acid. 
 
 A convenient Solution of Citric Acid for combining may be 
 made as follows : 
 
 Citric Acid 8^3 ounces av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make . . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Acid in half a pint of hot water and when cool 
 make up the measure with water to a pint. 
 
 This is a 50 per cent, solution and will keep without change. 
 Use 2 minims of this solution for each grain of Citric Acid 
 directed in the formula. 
 
 1928. Solution Hypophosphite of Iron. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . . 2 fl. ounces. 
 Hypophosphorus Acid, diluted (34), . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 Although this is not, chemically, a true solution of Hypo- 
 phosphite of Iron, it is, in effect, the same for all pharmaceu- 
 tical and medicinal use, and is readily made and permanent. 
 
 Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of the 
 Iron salt. 
 
 1929. Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Manganese, . . . 480 grains. 
 Hypophosphorus Acid, diluted (34), . 3 fl. ounces. 
 Water, sufficient to make 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Manganese salt in the Acid by the aid of gentle 
 heat and add Water sufficient to make the measure 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Four minims of this solution represents one grain of the 
 Manganese salt. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 573 
 
 1930. Solution of Hypophosphites Compound. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, .... 256 grains. 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, . . 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium, . 
 Hypophosphite of Iron Solution, 
 Hypophosphorous Acid, diluted, 
 Water, sufficient to make . . . 
 
 128 grains. 
 64 grains. 
 4 fl. drachms. 
 4 fl. drachms. 
 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Hypophosphite salts to a fine powder and then 
 with Water in portions of 4 ounces each until they are dis- 
 solved ; add the Solution and Acid, and filter. 
 
 This Solution is not intended to combine with other prepara- 
 tions but to be used as it is. It is similar to a preparation 
 which was once extensively sold as a proprietary medicine, as 
 " CJmrcJiiirs Solution of Hypophosphites Compound," but it has 
 been mostly superseded by various syrups of Hypophosphites. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains of Hypophosphites. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 1931. Solution Lactophosphate of Cal- 
 
 cium (Lime). 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1935), . 8 fl. ounces. 
 Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Evaporate the Solution of Phosphate of Calcium by the 
 heat of a water-bath to 7 fl. ounces, and when cool add the 
 ntrated Lactic Acid. 
 
 This Solution may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce of 
 Soluble Lactophosphate of Lime in sufficient Water to make 
 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of Lacto- 
 phosphal e of < 'alcium. 
 
 1932. Solution Lactophosphate of Iron. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Concentrated Lactic Acid 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
574 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of the 
 Iron salt. It is not, strictly speaking, a Solution of Lacto- 
 phosphate of Iron but of the Compound Phosphate of Iron 
 with Lactic Acid. It is conveniently made and may be used 
 for all pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes, where Lacto- 
 phosphatc of Iron is desired in solution. 
 
 1933. Lactophosphate of Manganese. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Manganese, . . 8 fl. ounces. 
 Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Evaporate the Solution of Phosphate of Manganese by the 
 heat of a water-bath to 7 fl. ounces, and when cool add the 
 Lactic Acid. 
 
 Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of Lac- 
 tophosphate of Manganese. 
 
 1934. Solution of Lactophosphates Compound. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Iron, . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 Mix them. 
 
 This solution may be used in making some elixirs, syrups, 
 etc., or may be diluted with 10 parts of Water and employed 
 as a medicine, in doses of a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 Four minims of the Solution represents one grain of the 
 Lactophosphates combined in the proportion of ^3 g r - Lacto- 
 phosphate of Calcium and ^ gr. Lactophosphate of Iron. 
 
 I 935- Solution Phosphate of Calcium (Lime). 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (U. S. 1880), 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Put the Phosphoric Acid in a porcelain evaporating dish 
 
 and add the Phosphate of Calcium in small portions, stirring 
 
 it well with the Acid. When all is added heat moderately by a 
 
 water-bath, stirring occasionally for several hours, then heat 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 575 
 
 on a sand-bath to about 240 F., stirring occasionally for sev- 
 eral hours, until the liquid is reduced to a granular crystalline 
 mass. Allow this to cool, and add sufficient distilled Water 
 that when dissolved the liquid shall measure 10 fl. ounces, and 
 filter. As this is a saturated Solution it may happen that it 
 will solidify or become gelatinous, but it is only necessary to 
 add to it a small quantity of Water and dissolve by the heat 
 of a water-bath before using. 
 
 Four minims of this Solution represents about one grain of 
 the Salt, which, in this Solution, is converted from the Phos- 
 phate into the Biphosphate of Calcium. 
 
 This Solution is used for making several elixirs, syrups, etc., 
 and as the basis of Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium. A 
 soluble salt, Biphosphate of Calcium, may be prepared by con- 
 centrating this Solution and crystallizing. 
 
 A Solution of Phosphate of Lime or Calcium has formerly been prepared 
 by dissolving precipitated Phosphate of Calcium in sufficient Hydrochloric 
 Acid, diluted with Water, filtering the solution, precipitating it with Ammo- 
 nia or Solutions of the Alkaline Carbonates, washing the precipitate, draining 
 and pressing it, and dissolving it in Phosphoric Acid, but it is believed the 
 method as above described will be more satisfactory. 
 
 1936. Solution Phosphate of Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 4^3 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Heat 6 fl. ounces of Water to boiling in an evaporating dish 
 and add the Iron salt in small portions at a time, stirring 
 constantly, and continuing the heat until all has been added 
 and dissolved, then add the Glycerin and evaporate the liquid 
 carefully until it measures 8 fl. ounces. This solution contains 
 50 per cent, of the Iron Salt. Two minims of this solution 
 contains 1 grain of the Iron Salt, therefore double the 
 quantity of minims as is directed of grains in the formulas 
 may be used. It is very convenient to keep prepared in this 
 form for general dispensing purposes, as well as for making 
 Elixirs, Syrups, etc. 
 
 A solution of Phosphate of lion was formerly made by precipitating a 
 solution of Phosphate of Sodium with a solution of Sulphate of Iron, 
 
576 I.F< >UORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 washing- the precipitate, draining and pressing it and dissolving it in Phos- 
 phoric Acid, using the same proportions and method as is directed for 
 making solution Phosphate of Manganese; but the introduction of the Scale 
 Salt Phosphate of Iron gives us a much better preparation, made with much 
 less trouble. 
 
 1937. Solution Phosphate of Manganese. 
 
 Sulphate of Manganese, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, 7 ounces av. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., .... 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Manganese and Sodium Salts separately, each 
 in 4 pints of warm Water, and add the Solution of Sulphate 
 of Manganese to the Solution of Phosphate of Sodium. 
 Wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, collect, drain and 
 press out the Water as much as possible, then dissolve the 
 moist precipitate in the Phosphoric Acid, add the Sugar to 
 the solution and sufficient Water to make the measure 20 
 fl. ounces and filter. Use 4 minims of this solution as an 
 equivalent of 1 grain of the salt when directed in liquid prep- 
 arations. 
 
 1938. Solution of Phosphates Compound, 
 
 Concentrated. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium, 
 
 12 fi. ounces. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron, ... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 320 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, . . . .128 grains. 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, . . . .128 grains. 
 Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., . . I fl. ounce. 
 Water, sufficient to make, .... 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the solution of Phosphate of Calcium and Iron, add 
 the Carbonate of Magnesium and Potassium to the Phos- 
 phoric Acid, and when effervescense has ceased, add the Phos- 
 phate of Sodium, in fine powder, and 1 ounce of warm Water. 
 Mix the two solutions and add enough Water to make the 
 measure a pint. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 577 
 
 A fl. drachm of this solution contains about 12 grains Phos- 
 phate of Calcium, 2 grains Phosphate of Iron, 2 x / 2 grains Phos- 
 phate of Sodium, and 1 grain each Phosphate of Potassium 
 and Magnesium, with excess of Phosphoric Acid. It is similar 
 in composition to nearly all the Compound Elixirs, Syrups. 
 and solutions of Phosphates Compound, and may be used for 
 making them by diluting with Elixir, Syrup, Water or other 
 liquids. It is also used for making "Acid Phosphate," and 
 " Fruit Phosphates," for Soda Water, etc. 
 
 A formula for this solution was published in The Formulary, August. 
 1885, of which the following is an abstract, but it is believed the foregoing 
 will be more satisfactory : 
 
 Phosphate of Calcium, 32 ounces, is dissolved in a sufficiency of Hydro- 
 chloric Acid diluted with Water and the solution filtered ; this is precipitated 
 with a sufficient quantity of stronger Water of Ammonia, and set aside. 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 6 ounces, is dissolved in half a gallon of Water and 
 Sulphate of Iron, 5 ounces, in half a gallon of Water, and the Iron solution 
 added to the Sodium solution, precipitating Oxide of Iron. This mixture 
 is then added to the reserved Calcium mixture, and the precipitate washed 
 as directed, page 44, until free from chlorides and sulphates. The precipitate 
 is then collected, drained and pressed, and while moist dissolved in 5 lbs. av. 
 of Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. To this solution add Phosphate of Sodium 
 6 ounces, and Carbonate of Potassium 3 ounces, and Water sufficient to 
 make 1 gallon. 
 
 1939. Solution of Phosphates Compound. 
 
 " Acid Phosphate." 
 
 Solution Phosphates Compound, concen- 
 trated, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Mix them, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 This solution is similar in composition to a popular proprie- 
 tary preparation made by the Rumford Chemical Co. of 
 Providence, R. I., and known as "Acid Phosphate." As 
 the manufacturers claim this title as proprietary, druggists are 
 not allowed to put it up or dispense it under this name. 
 Solution of Phosphates Compound is considerably used at 
 the Soda Water counter as an addition to beverages, etc., and 
 is a popular nerve tonic and vitalizes 
 
578 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1940. Solution " Protoxide" of Iron. 
 
 A Solution of Protocitrate of Iron, which is the same as is 
 generally furnished as " Protoxide " of Iron may be made as 
 follows : 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, pure crystals, ... 3 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 4 ounces av. 
 
 Citric Acid, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Warm Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt in half a gallon of warm Water, 
 and the Sodium Salt in half a gallon of warm W r ater, and 
 add the Iron solution to the Sodium solution. When the 
 precipitate has subsided, wash as directed, page 44, until the 
 washings are tasteless, then drain the precipitate quickly, press 
 it, mix the Sugar with it and dissolve it in 8 fl. ounces of 
 Water, in which the Citric Acid has previously been dissolved ; 
 add enough Water if necessary to make the measure 16 
 fl. ounces, and filter. 
 
 Four minims of this solution contains about I grain Pro- 
 tocitrate of Iron. It is used in making several Elixirs, Syrups, 
 Solutions, etc. 
 
 1941. Solution Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 10 per cent. 
 Water, sufficient to make . . 
 
 In 8 fl. ounces of Water heated nearl 
 the Pyrophosphate of Iron by adding it in small portions 
 and stirring until dissolved, then, when cooling, add the Water 
 of Ammonia and the Glycerin, and, lastly, sufficient Water to 
 make the measure 1 pint. 
 
 This solution is very convenient to use in place of the Salt, 
 4 minims being equivalent to I grain of Pyrophosphate of 
 Iron. Since the introduction of the soluble Phosphate of 
 Iron (scale salt), Pyrophosphate of Iron is much less used 
 than formerly. 
 
 4 fl. ounces. 
 ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 1 pint. 
 
 y to boiling, dissolve 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 579 
 
 1942. Solution Sulphate of Strychnine. 
 
 For combining with Elixirs, Syrups, Solutions, Wines, and 
 like preparations, as well as for general dispensing, a Solution 
 of Strychnine is a great convenience, if not a necessity. The 
 following Solution is well adapted for this purpose : 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, powdered, . . 32 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 8 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fi. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 4 fi. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in 2 fi. ounces of hot Water and add 
 the Strychnine salt ; when nearly cool add the Alcohol and 
 then sufficient Water to make the measure 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 A fl. drachm of this Solution contains 1 grain Sulphate 
 of Strychnine, therefore a fi. drachm may be used for each 
 grain of Strychnine directed in the formulae. 
 
 Caution. — This solution must only be used for combining 
 with preparations or dispensing in place of Strychnine directed 
 in liquid preparations. Several other Solutions of Strychnine, 
 as Hall's (2038), containing only 1 grain in a fi. ounce, or the 
 Br. Liquor Strychnine (1920), containing 1 part in 100, are 
 known, and care must be exercised that this Solution is not 
 used instead of them. 
 
 Test-Solutions. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeias designate and give formulas for a vari- 
 ety of Solutions of chemical reagents which are used for test- 
 ing the various substances mentioned in their pages, and 
 which are known as Test-Solutions. 
 
 The following are official in the U.S., Br., and German 
 Pharmacopoeias : 
 
 Qualitative Test-Solutions. 
 
 1943. Test-Solution Acetate of Copper. Br.— Subacetate of Copper 
 of Commerce in fine powder (Verdigris) y z ounce av., Acetic Acid 1 fi. ounce, 
 distilled Water a sufficiency. Dilute the Acid with half a ll. ounce of Water; 
 digest the Subacetate of Copper in the mixture at a temperature not exceed- 
 ing 2 1 2 F. (100 C), with repeated stirring, and continue the heat until a 
 
580 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 dry residue is obtained. Digest this in 4 ounces of boiling distilled Water, 
 and by the addition of more of the Water make up the Solution to 5 
 flounces, and filter. 
 
 1944. Test-Solution Acetate of Lead. U. S.— Acetate of Lead 1 
 part, distilled Water 10 parts. Dissolve, and, if necessary to give a faint 
 acid reaction, add a few drops of Acetic Acid. 
 
 1945. Test-Solution Acetate of Potassium. Br. — Acetate of Potas- 
 sium %. ounce av., distilled Water 5 fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. 
 
 1946. Test-Solution Acetate of Sodium. Br. — Acetate of Sodium >£ 
 ounce, distilled Water 5 fl.ounces. Dissolve, and filter. The German Solu- 
 tion is made by dissolving 1 part Acetate of Sodium in 4 parts of Water. 
 
 1947. Test-Solution of Albumen. U. S.— A Solution recently prepared 
 by triturating the White of one Egg with 100 cubic centimetres of distilled 
 Water, and filtering through cotton moistened with distilled Water. The 
 Br. Solution is the White of one Egg mixed with 4 fl.ounces of distilled 
 Water, and filtered through tow. 
 
 1948. Test-Solution Ammonio-Nitrate of Silver. U. S.— A Solution 
 prepared by adding Water of Ammonia in drops to Test-Solution Nitrate of 
 Silver until the precipitate at first formed is very nearly all dissolved, and fil- 
 tering. The Br. Solution is Nitrate of Silver in crystals %. ounce av., Solu- 
 tion of Ammonia X A-ounce, or a sufficiency, distilled Water a sufficiency. 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 fl.ounces of the Water and add Ammonia 
 until the precipitate first formed is nearly dissolved, filter, and add enough 
 distilled Water to make 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 1949. Test-Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Copper. U. S. — Add 
 Water of Ammonia in drops to Test-Solution Sulphate of Copper until the 
 precipitate first formed is nearly all dissolved, and filter. The Br. formula is 
 Sulphate of Copper in crystals y 2 ounce av., Solution of Ammonia a suffici- 
 ency, distilled Water a sufficiency. Dissolve the Copper salt in 8 fl.ounces 
 of Water, and cautiously add Solution of Ammonia until the precipitate first 
 formed is nearly dissolved, then filter, and add distilled Water to make 10 
 fl.ounces. 
 
 1950. Test-Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Magnesium. Br. — Sul- 
 phate of Magnesium 1 ounce av., Chloride of Ammonium % ounce av., Solu- 
 tion of Ammonia y 2 fl.ounce, distilled Water a sufficiency. Dissolve the 
 Sulphate of Magnesium and Chloride of Ammonium in 8 ounces of distilled 
 Water, and add the Water of Ammonia and sufficient distilled Water to 
 make 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 1951. Test-Solution Bichromate of Potassium. U. S. — Bichromate of 
 Potassium 1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water. 
 
 1952. Test-Solution Bitartrate of Sodium. U. S. — Bitartrate of Sodium 
 1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water, by the aid of heat, and 
 filtered when cold. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 581 
 
 1953. Test-Solution Boric Acid. Br. — Boric Acid 50 grains, dissolved 
 in rectified Spirit 1 fl.ounce, and filtered. 
 
 1954. Test-Solution Bromine. Br.— Bromine 10 minims, distilled 
 Water 5 fl.ounces. Place the Bromine in a bottle, pour on the Water and 
 shake several times. Keep closely stopped and from the light. 
 
 I 955- Test-Solution Carbonate of Ammonium. U. S.— Carbonate of 
 Ammonium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula is 
 Carbonate of Ammonium y z ounce, Solution of Ammonia % fl.ounce, dis- 
 tilled Water 10 fl.ounces. The German formula is Carb. Ammonium 1 part, 
 Water of Ammonia 1 part, Water 3 parts. 
 
 1956. Test-Solution Carbonate of Sodium. G. P. — Prepared by dis- 
 solving 1 part of Carbonate of Sodium in crystals in 4 parts of Water. 
 
 1957. Test-Solution Chloride of Ammonium. Br. — Chloride of Am- 
 monium 1 ounce av., dissolved in distilled Water 10 fl.ounces, and filtered. 
 The G. P. formula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 
 
 1958. Test-Solution Chloride of Barium. U. S. — Chloride of Barium, 
 pure, 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The Br. for- 
 mula is the same. 
 
 1959. Test-Solution Chloride of Calcium. U. S. — Chloride of Cal- 
 cium, pure, 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The 
 G. P. formula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 
 
 i960. Test-Solution Chloride of Gold. U. S— Chloride of Gold 1 
 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 
 
 1961. Test-Solution Chromate of Potassium. U. S. — Chromate of 
 Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The German for- 
 mula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 
 
 1962. Test-Solution of Ferric Chloride. U. S. — Ferric Chloride 1 
 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The German 
 formula is the official Solution Chloride of Iron. 
 
 1963. Test-Solution Ferricyanide of Potassium. U. S.— Ferricyanide 
 of Potassium, pure, 1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water. The Br. 
 formula is % ounce of the salt in 5 ll.ounces of distilled Water. The Ger- 
 man, 1 part to 9 of Water. 
 
 1964. Test-Solution Ferrocyanide of Potassium. U.S. — Kerrocyanide 
 of I'otassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula 
 is X ounce of the salt, dissolved in 5 ll.ounces of distilled Water. 
 
 1965. Test-Solution Ferrous Sulphate. U. S. — A recently-prepared 
 Solution made by dissolving 1 part of selected clear crystals of Ferrous Sul- 
 phate in 10 parts of distilled Water. 
 
 1966. Test-Solution of Gelatin. U. S.— Gelatin or Isinglass 1 part, soaked 
 for half an hour in Water, and dissolved in distilled Water 50 parts, by the 
 
582 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 heat of a water-bath. The Br. formula for Solution of Isinglass is : Isin- 
 glass 50 grains, warm, distilled Water 5 flounces, made in the same way. 
 
 1967. Test-Solution Hydrosulphuric Acid. U. S.— A saturated Solu- 
 tion of Hydrosulphuric Acid Gas in distilled Water. 
 
 1968. Test-Solution Hyposulphite of Sodium. U. S.— Hyposulphite 
 of Sodium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 
 
 1969. Test-Solution of Indigo. U. S. — A liquid prepared by digesting 
 1 part of Indigo in powder with 12 parts of Sulphuric Acid on a water-bath 
 for 1 hour, pouring the Solution into 500 parts of Sulphuric Acid, then leav- 
 ing the mixture to subside and decanting the clear portion to use. 
 
 1970. Test-Solution of Iodide of Mercury and Potassium. U. S. — 
 
 Made by adding 100 parts of Test-Solution of Mercuric Chloride to 367 parts 
 of Test-Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 197 1. Meyer's Test-Solution, which is similar to the foregoing, and is 
 frequently referred to in pharmaceutical works, is made by dissolving 49.8 
 grammes of Iodide of Potassium in 400 cubic centimeters of distilled Water 
 and 13.546 grammes of Corrosive Chloride of Mercury in 500 cubic centime- 
 ters of distilled Water, adding the latter solution to the former and enough 
 distilled Water to make 1 litre. 
 
 This is the standard Test-Solution or reagent for Alkaloids, which it 
 precipitates, and the percentage of which may be calculated by the quantity 
 of the solution required to precipitate them. 
 
 1972. Test-Solution Iodide of Potassium. U. S. — Iodide of Potassium 
 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. The Br. Solution is 1 to 10, 
 the German 1 to 9. 
 
 1973. Test-Solution of Iodine. U. S. — Iodine 1 part, Iodide of Potas- 
 sium 3 parts, Water 50 parts. Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the 
 Water and add the Iodine to the solution. 
 
 1974. Test-Solution of Magnesium. U. S. — Sulphate of Magnesium 1 
 part, Chloride of Ammonium 2 parts, dissolved in 8 parts of distilled Water, 
 and Water of Ammonia 4 parts added to the Solution. Allow to stand two 
 or three days, and filter. The Br. Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Magne- 
 sium (1950) is similar to this but different in proportions. 
 
 I 975- Test-Solution of Mercuric Chloride. U. S. — Mercuric Chloride 
 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 
 
 1976. Test-Solution Nitrate of Barium. U. S. — Nitrate of Barium 1 
 part, dissolved in 20 parts of distilled Water. The G. P. formula is 1 part to 
 19 of Water. 
 
 1977. Test-Solution Nitrate of Silver. U. S. — Nitrate of Silver 1 part, 
 dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 
 
 1978. Test-Solution Oxalate of Ammonium. U. S.— Oxalate of Am- 
 monium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. The Br. formula is 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 583 
 
 Oxalate of Ammonium l / 2 ounce, dissolved in warm distilled Water 20 
 fl.ounces (Imperial). 
 
 1979. Test-Solution Permanganate of Potassium. U. S. — Perman- 
 ganate of Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 1,000 parts. 
 
 1980. Test-Solution Phosphate of Ammonium. U. S. — Phosphate of 
 Ammonium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 
 
 1981. Test-Solution Phosphate of Sodium. U. S.— Phosphate of 
 Sodium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula is the 
 same. The G. P. directs 1 part to 19 of Water. 
 
 1982. Test-Solution Picric Acid. U. S. — A saturated Solution pre- 
 pared by dissolving 1 part of Picric Acid in 100 parts of distilled Water, by 
 aid of heat, and filtering after 24 hours. 
 
 1983. Test-Solution Platinic Chloride. U. S.— Platinic Chloride 1 
 part, distilled Water 20 parts. Dissolve, and filter. The Br. formula con- 
 verts Metallic Platinum into a solution of Perchloride of Platinum. 
 
 1984. Test-Solution Potassio-Cupric Tartrate. U.S. — Dissolve 6^ 
 grammes of selected crystals of Sulphate of Copper in 20 cubic centimeters 
 of distilled Water; dissolve 36 grammes of Tartrate of Potassium in 140 
 cubic centimeters of Solution of Soda, then add the former solution gradu- 
 ally to the latter, with stirring, and finally add sufficient Solution of Soda to 
 make the measure 200 cubic centimetres. 
 
 1985. Test-Solution Potassio-Mercuric Iodide. Br. — Nessler's Rea- 
 gent. — Iodide of Potassium 135 grains, Perchloride of Mercury a sufficiency, 
 Caustic Soda 2 ounces av., distilled Water 1 pint (20 ounces Imperial). Dis- 
 solve the Iodide of Potassium and 100 grains of Perchloride of Mercury in 
 15 fl.ounces of boiling distilled Water. To this add more aqueous Solution 
 of Perchloride of Mercury until the precipitate produced no longer continues 
 to disappear on well stirring, and a slight permanent precipitate remains ; 
 then add the Caustic Soda. When the latter has dissolved add a little more 
 of the aqueous Solution of Perchloride of Mercury, shake, allow to settle, 
 and dilute the whole with Water to 20 fl.ounces (Imperial). This is used 
 the same as Meyer's Solution as a reagent for alkaloids, etc. 
 
 1986. Test-Solution Stannous Chloride. Br. — Granulated Tin 1 ounce 
 av., Hydrochloric Acid 3 fl.ounces, distilled Water sufficient to make 5 
 fl.ounces. Dilute the Acid in a flask with 1 ounce of Water and apply heat 
 gently until gas ceases to be evolved, then add enough Water to make 5 
 fl.ounces, leaving the undissolved Tin in the bottle. 
 
 1987. Test-Solution Sulphate of Calcium. U. S. — A saturated Solu- 
 tion made by digesting 1 part of powdered native crystallized Sulphate of 
 Calcium with about 300 parts of distilled Water at the ordinary temperature. 
 With repeated agitation for several days, then decanting the clear liquid, 
 
 1988. Test-Solution Sulphate of Copper. U. S.— Sulphate of Copper 
 selected crystals 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 
 
584 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 1989. Test-Solution Sulphate of Magnesium. G. P. — Sulphate of 
 Magnesium 1 part, dissolved in Water 9 parts. 
 
 1990. Test-Solution Sulphate of Potassium. U. S. — Sulphate of 
 Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 15 parts. 
 
 1991. Test-Solution Sulphate of Silver. U. S. — Sulphate of Silver 1 
 part, dissolved in distilled Water 250 parts, by the aid of gentle heat. 
 
 1992. Test-Solution Sulphide of Ammonium. U.S. — Made by passing 
 washed Hydrosulphuric Acid Gas into 3 parts of Water of Ammonia until 
 the latter is saturated, then adding 2 parts of Water of Ammonia. The Br. 
 Solution Sulphydrate of Ammonium is the same. 
 
 1993. Test-Solution Sulphite of Sodium. G. P. — Dissolve 1 part of 
 the Salt in 9 parts of Water. 
 
 1994. Test-Solution Tannic Acid. U. S.— Tannic Acid 1 part, dis- 
 solved in 9 parts of Water and 1 part of Alcohol. The G. P. directs 1 part 
 of Tannic Acid to 1 9 of Water. 
 
 1995. Test-Solution Tartaric Acid. U. S. — Tartaric Acid 1 part, 
 dissolved in distilled Water 5 parts. The G. P. directs 1 part to 4 parts of 
 Water. The Br. formula is Tartaric Acid 1 ounce av., distilled Water 8 
 H. ounces, Rectified Spirit 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 1996. Test-Solution Yellow Chromate of Potassium. Br. — Red Chro- 
 mate of Potassium 295 grains, Bicarbonate of Potassium 200 grains, distilled 
 Water 10 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Red Chromate of Potassium in the Water 
 and exactly neutralize the solution with the Bicarbonate evolution of all 
 Carbonic Acid, being insured by ebullition, then filter. 
 
 1997. Tincture of Phenol-Phthalein. Br.— Phenol-phthalein 1 grain, 
 Proof Spirit 100 grains. Dissolve. 
 
 Volumetric Solutions. 
 
 Volumetric Solutions are used for determining the quantity 
 of a chemical salt contained in a given quantity of a solution. 
 They are used for quantitative chemical analysis only, the 
 ordinary test solutions being sufficient for qualitative analysis 
 and the general uses of the pharmacist. As the U. S., Br., 
 and Gr. formulas are nearly the same, the U. S. only will be 
 given. For the equivalents of these solutions refer to the 
 Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 1998. Volumetric Solution Bichromate of Potassium. — Bichromate of 
 Potassium 14.75 grammes, distilled Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
 cubic centimeters, or 1 litre. Dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in about 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 585 
 
 700 cubic centimeters of distilled Water, then add of the latter enough to 
 make the solution measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 
 
 1999. Volumetric Solution Hyposulphite of Sodium.— Hyposulphite 
 of Sodium 32 grammes, Volumetric Solution of Iodine 100 cubic centimeters, 
 distilled Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic centimeters. Dis- 
 solve the Hyposulphite of Sodium in enough distilled Water to make the 
 solution measure 1000 C.c. To the Volumetric Solution of Iodine (which 
 should measure exactly 100 C.c.) add a sufficient quantity of the Solution 
 of Hyposulphite of Sodium, from a burette, nearly to decolorize the Iodine 
 Solution, then add freshly gelatinized starch and continue the addition of the 
 Hyposulphite until the blue color of the mixture is just destroyed, noting 
 the number of cubic centimeters added. Then take of the Solution of 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium ten times this number of cubic centimeters, and 
 add thereto enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic 
 centimeters. 
 
 2000. Volumetric Solution of Iodine. — Iodine 12.66 grammes, Iodide 
 of Potassium 18 grammes, distilled Water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
 cubic centimeters. Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in about 700 cubic 
 centimeters of distilled Water ; in this solution dissolve the Iodine and add 
 enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 
 
 2001. Volumetric Solution Nitrate of Silver. — Nitrate of Silver, well 
 crystallized and dry, 16.97 grammes, distilled Water a sufficient quantity to 
 make 1000 cubic centimeters. Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in about 700 
 parts of distilled Water and add enough of the latter to make the solution 
 measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 
 
 2002. Volumetric Solution of Oxalic Acid.— Oxalic Acid in perfect 
 crystals 63 grammes, distilied Water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic 
 centimeters. Dissolve the Oxalic Acid in about 700 cubic centimeters of 
 distilled Water and add of the latter enough to make the solution measure 
 1000 cubic centimeters. 
 
 2003. Volumetric Solution of Soda. — Oxalic Acid in perfect crystals 
 6.3 g rarn mes, Solution of Soda, Distilled Water, of each a sufficient quantity. 
 To the Oxalic Acid, add from a burette enough Solution of Soda exactly to 
 neutralize the Acid, as indicated by the color of litmus, and note the number 
 of cubic centimeters of Solution of Soda required. Take 10 times this 
 number of cubic centimeters of the same Solution of Soda and add 
 thereto enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic 
 centimeters. 
 
 Other Solutions. 
 
 Besides the Solutions for which the formula' have been 
 given in the preceding sections, quite a number art.: know n and 
 
586 LIQUORES — SOLUTION: 
 
 used which cannot well be included in the classes named, and 
 are therefore given under this heading : 
 
 2004. Solution Albuminate of Iron.— Dried Egg Albumen, soluble. 1 
 ounce av\, dissolve in Water 7 n.ounces and add to the Solution 75 grains 
 crystallized Chloride of Iron dissolved in 3 rl. ounces of Water, then add to 
 the Solution 2 n.ounces of Alcohol mixed with 4 rl. ounces of Glycerin, and 
 mix them well together. By omitting the Glycerin and Alcohol this Solution 
 may be evaporated by gentle heat to a thick syrup, which may be spread on 
 glass and obtained in the form of a scale salt Albuminate of Iron. See, 
 also. Albuminate of Iron and Sodium (syrups). 
 
 2005. Battery Solutions or Fluids.— The Solution most commonly 
 used for batteries of Zinc and Copper, which are called Gravity Batteries, is 
 a Solution of Sulphate of copper (Blue Vitriol) in Water, sufficient of the 
 salt being used to leave a small portion undissolved in the bottom of the jar. 
 The batteries with Carbon and Zinc plates, known as High Resistance Bat- 
 teries, are charged with a Battery Fluid made with Bichromate of Potassium 
 1 part, Sulphuric Acid 2 parts by weight, Water 10 parts, the Zincs being 
 amalgamated with Mercury. The Leclanche Battery, which has a porous 
 cup filled with Carbon, and a Zinc annode, is charged with a Solution of 
 Chloride of Ammonium about 1 part to 4 parts of Water. Small Batteries, 
 for medicinal use, are usually made with Copper and Zinc and charged with 
 a Solution of Sulphate of Mercury. Platinum Batteries are charged with 
 the same, some Mercury being left in the bottom of the jar, which keeps the 
 Zincs amalgamated. Many other kinds of batteries are known and used, but 
 these mentioned are the most common. 
 
 2006. Disinfecting Solutions. — To give formulas for all the Disinfecting 
 Solutions which have been used would require a volume. We can, therefore, 
 only mention those which have been best known and have most merit. The 
 formulas for many of them are given under other headings, as Solution of 
 Chlorinated Lime, Solution of Chlorinated Soda, Solution Chloride of Zinc, 
 etc., nearly all having in them free or combined Chlorine, which is considered 
 the best available disinfectant. 
 
 2007. Solution Bromo-Chloralum. — Under the name Bromo-Chloralum, 
 put up by Tilden & Co., a Solution for disinfecting, etc., is well known. A 
 similar preparation may be made as follows : Alum 1 1 ounces av., Carbonate 
 of Sodium (Sal Soda) 10 ounces av., Bromide of Potassium 8 ounces av., 
 Hydrochloric Acid a sufficient quantity, Water sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Dissolve the Alum in 6 pints of boiling Water and add the Carbonate of 
 Sodium to the Solution, which precipitates Hydrate of Aluminium ; add to 
 the mixture sufficient Hydrochloric Acid to dissolve the precipitate, then dis- 
 solve the Bromide of Potassium in the Solution, and, if necessary, add 
 sufficient Water to make the measure 1 gallon. 
 
 2008. Condy's Fluid or Solution. — A Solution of Permanganate of 
 Potassium, made by dissolving ]/ z ounce Permanganate of Potassium in 1 
 

 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 587 
 
 gallon of Water. By using the crude salt a very cheap and efficient disin- 
 fectant may be made. This Solution is also a valuable wash for foul ulcers 
 and sores. 
 
 2009. Coutaret's White Fluid or Solution. — Sulphate of Zinc 1 '- 
 ounce av., Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2010. Darby's Prophylactic Fluid or Solution.— Permanganate of Potas- 
 sium 5 grains, Sulphate of Potassium 150 grains, Carbonate of Potassium \%. 
 ounce av., Chloride of Potassium X ounce av., Water sufficient to make a 
 pint. 
 
 201 1. De Wessely's Disinfecting Solution. — Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce 
 av., Chloride of Iron 3^ ounces av., Chloride of Zinc iy& ounce, Water 
 sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2012. Farwell's Disinfectant Solution. — Sulphate of Iron 2)4, ounces 
 av., Carbolic Acid 5 drachms, Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2013. Girondin Disinfectant Solution. — Sulphate of Zinc 4% ounces, 
 Sulphate of Copper ]4- ounce, Sulphate of Lime yi ounce, Water sufficient to 
 make a pint. 
 
 2014. Grantville Carbolic Alkali. — Carbolic Acid ^ ounce, Caustic 
 Potassa 1 50 grains, Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2015. Le Doyen's Disinfectant Solution. — Nitrate of Lead 2}£ ounces 
 av.. Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2016. Mattenheimer's Disinfecting Fluid. — Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce, 
 Carbolic Acid 7 drachms, Water, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2017. Monsell's Disinfecting Solution.— Solution of Subsulphate of 
 Iron <S ll. ounces, Nitrate of Iron 2)4 ounces, Water, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2018. Phenol Sodique.— Carbolic Acid i l /% ounce, Caustic Soda, suffi- 
 cient to neutralize, about Y 2 ounce, Water, sufficient to make a pint. A 
 cheaper Phenol Sodique may be made by using Crude Carbolic Acid. 
 
 2019. Seeley's Disinfecting Solution.— Sulphate of Manganese z}& 
 ounces av., Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce av., Sulphuric Acid l)£ ounce av.. 
 Muriatic Acid % ounce av., Water, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 2020. Dobell's Solution — For Nasal CatarrJi. — Bicarbonate of Sodium 
 120 grains, Borax 120 grains, Carbolic Acid 90 grains, Glycerin 2 flounces. 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. Mix and dissolve. 
 
 2021. Fehling's Solution — A test reagent for Glucose. — This may be 
 made by dissolving 80 grains of Sulphate of Copper in 1 tl. ounce of distilled 
 Water, and 532 grains of Rochelle Salt in 4 ll. ounces of Solution of Soda. 
 These two solutions are to be kept separate, and when the reagent is to be 
 used pour the solution of Sulphate of Copper into the solution of Rochelle 
 Salt, add sufficient distilled Water to make the whole measure 6.8 flounces, 
 
588 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 and filter. Solutions containing Glucose or Grape-Sugar give a brown pre- 
 cipitate (Cuprous Oxide) when boiled with this solution. 
 
 2022. Solution Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound. — This solution as 
 known in the market is a proprietary preparation put up by Tilden & Co. 
 Its analysis shows it to be the mother liquor or Bittern left after the crystal- 
 lization of salt from natural salt water obtained from salt wells. It is directed 
 to be used externally, but is also used in making the elixir Iodo-Bromide of 
 Calcium Compound as directed (546). 
 
 A solution of Iodide and Bromide of Calcium Compound may be made 
 by dissolving Iodide of Calcium 1 ounce av., Iodide of Potassium 1 ounce av., 
 Bromide of Calcium 1 ounce av., Bromide of Potassium 1 ounce av., Bromide 
 of Sodium x / z ounce av., in sufficient Water to make a pint. 
 
 2023. Lugol's Rubefacient Solution of Iodine. — Iodine x / z ounce av., 
 Iodide of Potassium 1 ounce av., Water 6 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodide in 
 the Water and add the Iodine. This is for external use. 
 
 2024. Lugol's Caustic Solution of Iodine. — Iodine 1 ounce av., Iodide 
 of Potassium 1 ounce av., Water 2 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodide in the 
 Water and add the Iodine. This is applied as a caustic for indolent sores, 
 ulcers, etc. 
 
 2025. Javelle's Solution or Javelle's Water — Eau de Javelle. — For 
 
 removing fruit stains, etc. This is similar to Labarraque's Liquor or Solution, 
 except that Carbonate of Potassium is used for preparing it instead of Car- 
 bonate of Sodium. 
 
 2026. Solution Opium Compound, Squibbs. 
 
 Liquor Opii Compositus — Depurated Solution of Opium Compound. 
 
 Opium 1 % ounces av. 
 
 Acetic Ether 512 minims. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric) 4 flounces. 
 
 Chloroform 256 minims. 
 
 Alcohol 7 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or, 24 fl.ounces. 
 
 Pour half a pint of boiling Water on the Opium, rub it to a pulpy mass, 
 and after 24 hours express the liquid and reserve, repeat the operation twice 
 with the same quantity of boiling Water, mix the expressed liquids and 
 evaporate to 8 fl.ounces. When cool, add the Ether and shake frequently 
 during 24 hours, to deodorize the solution, then pour off the Ether as much 
 as possible, or separate it from the solution with a separating funnel or per- 
 forated cork, placed in the neck of the funnel, and evaporate all traces of 
 Ether from the liquid, filter the "jyi ounces remaining, and having mixed the 
 Alcohol, Chloroform, and Acetic Ether, add them to the filtered solution to 
 make a pint. This is the same strength of Opium as Tincture Opium. 
 
LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 589 
 
 2027. Solution of Opium, Sedative, Battley's. 
 
 Liquor Opii Sedativus, Battley's. Battley's Sedative Solution. 
 
 Aqueous Extract of Opium, hard, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Rectified Spirit 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 38^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Break up the Extract of Opium, and boil it with 30 fl.ounces of water until 
 dissolved, when cool add to the solution the Rectified Spirit and sufficient 
 water to make the measure 38^ fl.ounces, and filter. 
 
 If the Extract of Opium used is soft it is necessary to use a proportionate 
 quantity, from y/> to 4 ounces being required according to the consistence of 
 the Extract. 
 
 This solution is about 30 per cent, stronger than Tincture of Opium, and 
 is claimed to be superior to it as some of the objectionable principles of 
 ( )pium are removed. 
 
 2028. Liquor of Opium is another name for Acetum Opii or Black Drop 
 (20 and 21). 
 
 2029. Liquor Opii Hydrochloricus, or solution Muriate of Opium is 
 made with Powdered Opium, 1 1 / 2 ounce av., Distilled Water, 20 fl.ounces, 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 1% fl. ounce. Digest for two weeks, agitating daily and 
 filter. It is about the same strength as Tincture Opium, and does not con- 
 tain some of the objectionable principles of Opium. 
 
 Liquor Opii Citratis is made in the same manner, except that Citric Acid 
 is used instead of Hydrochloric. 
 
 2030. Solution Per-Oxide of Hydrogen. — This solution is most con- 
 veniently made by decomposing 1 part of Dioxide of Barium with 2 parts of 
 Hydrochloric Acid, Chloride of Barium precipitates leaving Hydrogen Di- 
 oxide Cor Per-oxide) in solution. The solution is not very stable. It is 
 chiefly used for bleaching hair, which can be made of a golden or blonde color 
 by applying it. It is seldom made except by manufacturing chemists, and as 
 found in the market will yield from 10 to 20 volumes oxygen gas for each 
 volume of the solution. 
 
 2031. Solution Phosphorus, Thompson's. 
 
 Phosphorus, not oxidized 1 grain. 
 
 Absolute Alcohol 5 fl. drachms. 
 
 Glycerin ij£ fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Spirit of Peppermint 40 minims. 
 
 Dissolve the Phosphorus in the Absolute Alcohol, contained in a well 
 stopped bottle, by the aid of gentle heat, and having mixed and warmed the 
 Glycerin, Alcohol and Spirit of Peppermint to about 150° F., add them to 
 the solution, agitating them well together. The solution should be kept 
 
590 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 
 
 closely stopped in a dark place. A H. drachm contains fa grain of Phos- 
 phorus. The dose is 20 minims or more. 
 
 2032. Solution Phosphorus Compound. 
 
 Phosphorus Bromine and Iodine. 
 
 Phosphorus 10 grains. 
 
 Bromine, 1 70 grains. 
 
 Iodine 1 70 grains. 
 
 Alcohol 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, sufficient to make 8 fl.ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol and add the Solution to the Glycerin, 
 then add the Bromine a little at a time, and when combined with the Solu- 
 tion add the Phosphorus, in small portions, keeping the bottle well stopped 
 during its solution. The Phosphorus should be added in fine shavings kept 
 under water until used, and great care must be used in adding it, as the action 
 is violent. This solution is used in making some syrups, wines, etc. 
 
 2033. Solutions for Plating. — For electro-plating with silver, nickei, gold, 
 etc., it is necessary to use batteries to generate the electrolytic action, and 
 deposit the metals from their solutions upon the surfaces which are to be 
 plated. The details of the processes are too voluminous to be repeated here, 
 and the solutions from which the metal is deposited can only be briefly men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Silver-Plaiing Solution. This may be made with Cyanide of Potassium, 
 4 ounces av., Cyanide of .Silver, \%. ounce av., Water, 160 fl. ounces. 
 
 Gold-Plating Solution. This may be made with Cyanide of Potassium, 1 
 pound av., Cyanide of Gold, T J 5 ounce av., Water, 160 fl. ounces. 
 
 Nickel-Plating Solution. This may be made with double Salts of Nickel 
 (Sulphate of Nickel and Ammonium), 4 ounces, Water, 160 fl. ounces. 
 
 Many other Plating Solutions are used, and the metal is deposited in vari- 
 ous ways on different articles. 
 
 Plate Liquor is intended to brighten and increase the luster of plated- 
 ware. It is made by dissolving 1 ounce each of Alum, Cream of Tartar and 
 Salt, in 80 fl. ounces of Water. The articles are to be boiled in the Liquor. 
 
 2034. Solutions for Preserving Fruit, etc.— Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av., 
 Boric Acid 4 ounces av„ Water 10 pints. Dissolve the salts in the Water by 
 the aid of heat. 
 
 Use 2 ounces of this Solution for each quart of fruit which it is desired to 
 put up, adding sugar, etc., in the regular way. This Solution may be used 
 for all soft fruits, berries, etc. 
 
 Vegetable Preserving Solution. — Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av., Boric Acid 4 
 ounces av., Rock Salt 8 ounces, Alum 1 ounce, Water sufficient to make 10 
 pints. Mix and dissolve by the aid of heat. 
 
 Use 3 ounces of this Solution for each quart of corn, peas, beans, or other 
 vegetables desired to be preserved, cooking them as usual before canning. 
 
LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 591 
 
 Pickle Preserving Solution — For preserving pickles in casks : Cider 
 Y'inegar 10 gallons, Rock Salt 10 pounds, Alum, in powder, X pound, Cap- 
 sicum 2 ounces, Cloves i ounce, Salicylic Acid i ounce. Mix and dissolve. 
 
 Wash the cucumbers thoroughly and pack them in the cask until nearly 
 full, then add sufficient of the Solution to cover them thoroughly. 
 
 2035. Silvering Solution. — For silvering the inside of glass vessels, 
 vases, etc., the following Solution is used : 
 
 No. 1. — Distilled Water 12 fl.ounces, Rochelle Salt 12 grains, Nitrate of 
 Silver 16 grains. Dissolve the Rochelle Salts in the Water and heat to boil- 
 ing, then add the Nitrate of Silver dissolved in 1 ounce of distilled Water 
 and continue the boiling for 10 minutes, adding enough distilled Water, when 
 cold, to make the measure 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 No. 2. — Distilled Water 10 fl.ounces, Nitrate of Silver 1 ounce, Water of 
 Ammonia a sufficient quantity, Alcohol 1 fl.ounce. Dissolve the Silver Salt 
 in the Water and add enough Water of Ammonia to nearly, but not quite, 
 dissolve the precipitate first formed ; lastly, add the Alcohol, and distilled 
 Water enough to make the measure 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Allow the Solutions to stand several days, then mix equal parts of each, 
 and pour into the glass vessels desired to be silvered, or, for making mirrors, 
 lay glass flat on the surface of the Solution. 
 
 2936. Soldering Solution. — Hydrochloric Acid 5 fl.ounces, Zinc, in small 
 pieces, a sufficient quantity, Sal Ammoniac 1 ounce av. Add the Zinc to the 
 Acid until nearly all has dissolved that will, then add the Sal Ammoniac and 
 heat to a simmer for five minutes. For making Solder flow freely. 
 
 2037. Solution of Salicylate of Sodium. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium }( ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the Salicylic Acid with 6 fl.ounces of Water, in a capacious bottle- 
 and add the Bicarbonate of Sodium in portions. When effervescense has 
 ceased and the salts are dissolved add the Alcohol and Glycerin and enough 
 Water to make the measure a pint. 
 
 This Solution is given for rheumatism, gout, etc., in doses of a teaspoonful 
 to a tablespoonful. 
 
 2038. Solution of Strychnine, Hall's. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, in crystals, 16 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 II. ounces. 
 
 Water, 7>£ fl.ounces. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s., or % 
 
 Rub the Strychnine salt to a fine powder and then, with the Alcohol, add 
 the Water to the Solution, and then the diluted Sulphuric Acid yi ounce or 
 
502 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. LITHIUM. 
 
 sufficient to make a perfectly clear Solution without precipitation, and Water, 
 if necessary, to make the Solution measure a pint. 
 
 A fl.ounce of this Solution contains i grain of the Strychnine salt. It is a 
 very convenient Solution for prescribing and for dispensing purposes, but is not 
 generally used for combining with elixirs, etc., the stronger Solution Sulphate 
 of Strychnine (1942), 1 grain in a fl. drachm, being generally used for this 
 purpose. 
 
 2039. Solution of Sulphurated Lime.— This Solution is made by boiling 
 together in a porcelain vessel for one hour sublimed Sulphur y/ z ounces av., 
 Lime 7 ounces av., Water 2 pints, stirring and adding Water occasionally to 
 preserve the volume. . The vessel is then removed from the fire and set aside 
 for the sediment to subside ; the clear Solution is then poured off. 
 
 It is used as an application or wash for itch and other similar parasites in 
 the skin. 
 
 2040. Solution of Tar or Pitch, Alkaline. — Purified Tar 2 parts, Caus- 
 tic Potassa 1 part, Water 7 parts. Mix and stir frequently for 24 hours, then 
 let it settle and pour off the clear Solution from the sediment. 
 
 It is used externally like tar. 
 
 2041. Solution Tartar Emetic. — Tartar Emetic 30 grains, Alcohol 4 
 fl. ounces, boiling Water 12 fl. ounces. Dissolve the salt in the Water and 
 when cool add the Alcohol and sufficient Water to make a pint. This is the 
 same strength as Wine of Antimony, but preferable to it, as the salt is not 
 precipitated by the astringent properties of the wine. 
 
 2042. Solution of Tin — Solution of Muriate or Chloride of Tin, Tin 
 Liquor, Cochineal Compottnd, Madder Compound. — This may be made by 
 dissolving granulated Tin 1 pound av., in a mixture of commercial Muri- 
 atic Acid 5 pounds, commercial Nitric Acid 1 pound, with Water sufficient to 
 make a gallon. 
 
 It may also be made by dissolving crystallized Chloride of Tin 1 pound in 
 a mixture of commercial Hydrochloric Acid i}4 pound av. with Water suf- 
 ficient to make a gallon. This Solution is used as a mordant in dyeing. 
 
 LITHIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Li., Atomic weight, 7 ; sp. gr., 0.589. 
 
 Lithium is the lightest of all the known metals, and belongs 
 to the alkaline group, being similar to Potassium and Sodium, 
 although not so ready as they are to combine with Oxygen. 
 It was first obtained by Sir H. Davy, by exposing Hydrate of 
 
LITHIUM. 
 
 Lithium in contact with Mercury to galvanic action, and de- 
 composing the amalgam thus formed by distilling off the 
 Mercury, leaving the metallic Lithium. It is white, and fuses 
 at 356° F. 
 
 Lithium forms chemical combinations with the Acids and 
 the Haloid Elements, several of which are official, the salts 
 being used chiefly for kidney troubles and rheumatism. 
 
 The following are the official Salts of Lithium. 
 
 2043. Lithii Benzoas. 
 
 Benzoate of Lithium. 
 
 The U. S. P. does not give a formula for this Salt, but it 
 may be made conveniently by Shuttleworth's process : Car- 
 bonate of Lithium 1 ounce av. is mixed in a capsule with 9 fl.- 
 ounces of- Water and heated, then 3^ ounces av., of Benzoic 
 Acid is added in small portions and the heat continued until 
 the Carbonate of Lithium is decomposed and effervescense has 
 ceased. The solution is then filtered, concentrated by evap- 
 oration, and crystallized or evaporated to dryness on a water- 
 bath. 
 
 Uses. — This Salt is a favorite remedy with physicians for 
 gout and rheumatism. The dose is 15 to 20 grains. 
 
 2044. Lithii Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Lithium. 
 LiBr. 
 This is official in the U. S. P., and may be made by dissolv- 
 ing Carbonate of Lithium to saturation in Hydrobromic Acid, 
 or by decomposing a solution of Bromide of Potassium with a 
 solution of Sulphate of Lithium. It is also prepared in other 
 ways, but is seldom made except by manufacturing chemists. 
 
 Uses. — Bromide of Lithium is employed as a hypnotic, 
 especially in rheumatic affections. It is one of the most effi- 
 cient of Bromides. The dose is from 1 5 to 30 grains. 
 
594 
 
 2045- Lithii Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Li thin in. 
 LiC0 3 . 
 This Salt is official in the U. S., Br., and German Pharma- 
 copoeias. It may be most readily prepared by decomposing a 
 strong solution of Sulphate of Lithium with a strong solution 
 of Carbonate of Ammonium, Carbonate of Lithium being 
 precipitated, which is washed with a little Alcohol and dried. 
 It resembles Carbonate of Magnesium. In a commercial 
 way it is obtained by fusing the mineral Lepidolite with 
 Carbonate of Barium, Sulphate of Barium and Sulphate of 
 Potassium, and then separating the Potassium and Lithium 
 Sulphates which rise to the surface by lixivation, and prepar- 
 ing the Carbonate from them as above. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as the basis for preparing most of the 
 Lithium Salts, and is given in doses of 2 to 10 grains, and 
 used as an injection suspended in mucilage water, for urinary 
 calculi. 
 
 2046. Lithii Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Lithium. 
 Li 3 C 6 H 5 7 . 
 This Salt is official in the U. S. and British Pharma- 
 copoeias, the latter giving the following formula : 
 
 Carbonate of Lithium, 50 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid, 90 grains. 
 
 Warm Distilled Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in the Water, and add the Carbon- 
 ate of Lithium in successive portions, applying heat until 
 effervescense ceases and a perfect solution is obtained. Evap- 
 orate by a steam or sand bath, until the product has a specific 
 gravity of about 1.230 and set aside for crystals to form. Dry 
 the crystals and preserve them in a stoppered bottle. 
 
 Uses. — The Citrate of Lithium is a soluble salt, conveni- 
 ent for using in solutions, etc. The dose is 15 to 20 grains. 
 
LITHIUM. 595 
 
 2047. Lithii Salicylas. 
 
 Salicylate of Lithium. 
 
 2LiC,H g 3 .H 2 0. 
 
 This is official in the U. S. P., and is conveniently prepared 
 by adding to 1 fl. ounce of Water 60 grains of Carbonate of 
 Lithium, and then heating to boiling and gradually adding 220 
 grains of Salicylic Acid, and continuing the heat until effer- 
 vescence ceases, then filtering and evaporating to dryness on 
 a water-bath. 
 
 Uses. This is used for gout, rheumatism, etc., in doses of 
 20 to 40 grains. It seems to be more effective than other 
 salicylates for this use. 
 
 Other Lithium Salts. 
 
 The foregoing official Lithium Salts are all that are used to 
 any extent in medicine, but the following are known and 
 sometimes called for: 
 
 2048. Borocitrate of Lithium. — Citric Acid, 10 parts, Lithium Carbon- 
 ate, 2 parts, Boric Acid, 3 parts, dissolved together in boiling water and care- 
 fully evaporated to dryness and crystallized. 
 
 2049. Chloride of Lithium, LiCl. — Dissolve Carbonate of Lithium to 
 saturation in Hydrochloric Acid, concentrate the solution by evaporation and 
 crystallize. 
 
 2050. Diborocitrate of Lithium. — Citric Acid, 20 parts, Carbonate of 
 Lithium, 7 parts, Doric Acid, 12 parts. Dissolve in boiling water and evapor- 
 ate carefully to a dry powder. 
 
 2051. Iodide of Lithium, Lil. — Add Carbonate of Lithium to a solution 
 of Iodide of Calcium until no more will dissolve when heated, then filter, 
 concentrate and crystallize. 
 
 2052. Nitrate of Lithium, LiN0 8 . — Dissolve Carbonate of Lithium to 
 saturation in Nitric Acid, concentrate the solution and crystallize. 
 
 2053. Oxide of Lithium is an Alkaline Earth, found in petalite, and in 
 solution in many mineral waters. 
 
 2054. Phosphate of Lithium, Li 8 P0 4 . — This maybe made by dissolv- 
 ing Carbonate of Lithium to excess in Phosphoric Acid, concentrating the 
 solution and crystallizing. 
 
596 LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 
 
 2055. Sulphate of Lithium, Li 2 S0 4 .H 2 0. — Dissolve Carbonate of Lith- 
 ium to saturation in Sulphuric Acid, concentrate and crystallize. 
 
 Many other Salts of Lithium may be made with other acid in the same 
 manner as the foregoing. 
 
 2056. Effervescing Citrate of Lithium is" made by mixing Citric Acid, 4 
 parts, with Bicarbonate of Sodium, 5 parts, and Bicarbonate of Lithium, 1 
 part, and heating together in a flat vessel to about ioo° C, stirring continu- 
 ally until granulated, then sifting through proper size sieves. 
 
 LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 
 
 Lotions are preparations intended to be applied externally 
 for various purposes, and consisting of medicinal substances 
 mixed with, dissolved or suspended in water, or other aqueous 
 vehicles. A great number of Lotions were formerly known 
 and used in medicine, but since the introduction of Glycerites, 
 Oleates and other like preparations, by which the medicinal 
 ingredients are more effectively applied, they have mostly 
 gone out of use. Formulae will therefore be given for a few 
 only of those best known and most liable to be called for. The 
 two first given are official in the Br. P. Many of the liniments 
 and solutions are frequently called Lotions. Other Lotions 
 will be found under Toilet Preparations, etc. 
 
 2057. Lotio Hydrargyri Flava. Br. 
 
 Yellow Mercurial Lotion — Yellow Wash — Aqua Phagedomica — Lotio 
 Flava. 
 Perchloride of Mercury (Corrosive Sublimate), ... 18 grains. 
 Solution of Lime (Lime Water), 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This is used as a wash for syphilitic sores, ulcers, etc. 
 
 2058. Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra. 
 
 Black Mercurial Lotion — Black Wash — Lotio Nigra. 
 
 Subchloride of Mercury (Calomel), 30 grains. 
 
 Solution of Lime (Lime Water) 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. By adding 30 grains of powdered Acacia, this is greatly im- 
 proved. This wash is applied on lint to syphilitic sores, ulcers, etc., and is 
 frequently used as an injection for venereal diseases. 
 
LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 597 
 
 2059. Bateman's Lotion. — Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 6 grains, 
 Compound Spirit of Lavender, 3 fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Water, 12 
 fl.ounces. Used for skin diseases. 
 
 2060. Fuller's Leg Wash. — Acetic Acid, 1 fl. ounce, Sal Ammoniac, x / z 
 ounce av., Tincture of Aconite Root, 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Asafetida, ]/ z 
 fl.ounce. Mix and dissolve. A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of this solution 
 is used in a pint of water for washing horse's legs before or after racing. 
 
 2061. Gowland's Lotion. — Jordan or Sweet Almonds, 1 ounce, Bitter 
 Almonds, l / 2 ounce. Soak them in water, remove the skin and mash them 
 to a pulp in a mortar, add water by trituration to make a pint of emulsion. 
 Add to this Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 1 5 grains, dissolved in 4 fl.ounces 
 of Alcohol, and 2 fl.ounces of Glycerin, and mix them well together. 
 
 This is different than the original formula, by the addition of Alcohol as a 
 preservative and Glycerin as an emollient. It is a fine cosmetic for the 
 complexion, to remove sunburn, tan, freckles, etc., and is useful for skin 
 diseases. 
 
 2062. Granville's Milder Lotion. — Stronger Water of Ammonia, 4 
 fl.ounces, Spirit of Rosemary, 3 fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor, 1 fl.ounce. Mix 
 them. This is used as a stimulating lotion. 
 
 2063. Granville's Stronger Lotion. — Stronger Water of Ammonia, 5 
 fl.ounces, Spirit of Rosemary, 2 fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor, 1 ounce. 
 
 This is also used as a stimulating Lotion, but is much stronger than the 
 preceding. 
 
 2064. Hemorrhoidal Lotion. — Solid Extract of Stramonium, 120 
 grains, Tincture of Iodine, 2 fl. drachms, Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces, Water, 8 
 fl.ounces, powdered Golden Seal, 1 ounce, Tannin, 1 20 grains. Heat the 
 Glycerin and Water and digest all, except the Tincture of Iodine, in the mix- 
 ture for 6 hours, at a heat of not more than 175 F. Then filter, add enough 
 water through the filter to make a pint of the filtrate, and mix with it the 
 Tincture of Iodine. This is an excellent application for piles. 
 
 2065. Kirkland's Lotion or Lotion of Myrrh. — Tincture of Myrrh, 4 
 fl.ounces, Solution of Lime (Lime Water), 4 fl.ounces. Mix them. This is 
 used for ulcers, spongy gums, etc. 
 
 Compound Myrrh Lotion. — Honey of Roses. 2 fl. drachms, Tincture of 
 Myrrh, 2 11. drachms, Lime Water, 2<4 fl.ounces. This is used as a denti- 
 frice, etc. 
 
 2066. Moth and Freckle Lotion. — Bichloride of Mercury (Corrosive 
 Sublimate), 60 grains, Chloride of Ammonium (Sal Ammoniac), 240 grains, 
 Alcohol, 2 11. ounces, Rose Water or Orange Flower Water, 2 11. ounces. 
 Rub the Corrosive Sublimate to a fine powder and dissolve it in the Alcohol. 
 Dissolve the Chloride of Ammonium in the Water. Mix the solutions, add 
 
598 MAGNESIUM. 
 
 the Rose Water, and after standing a day or two filter. This may be applied 
 once or twice daily, with a soft sponge, allowing it to dry on the skin. 
 
 2067. Palmer's Lotion. — Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 8 grains, Alum, 
 1 2 grains, Water, a pint. Dissolve the salts in the water. This is used as an 
 application for skin diseases, cuts, sores, etc., and is sometimes employed as 
 a cosmetic. 
 
 MAGNESIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Mg. ; atomic weight, 24; sp. gr., 1.743. 
 
 The metallic element Magnesium was first discovered by- 
 Sir H. Davy in 1808, but was not isolated in a sufficient quan- 
 tity for examination until 1830, when Bussy examined it and 
 established its characteristics. 
 
 It may be obtained commercially by heating to redness a 
 mixture of Chloride of Magnesium, 6 parts, with fused Chlo- 
 ride of Sodium 1 part, Fluoride of Calcium 1 part, and Sodium, 
 in slices, 1 part. 
 
 To prepare it chemically pure requires particular manipula- 
 tion. It is furnished for laboratory use in the form of a 
 ribbon. 
 
 Magnesium in metallic form is used for making the brilliant 
 Magnesium Light when acted upon by the oxy-hydrogen jet, 
 and is the basis of all the Magnesium salts, which resemble 
 those of Calcium and Barium, and form an important portion 
 of the crust of the earth. 
 
 The salts of Magnesium are considerably used in pharmacy 
 and medicine. The following are the official salts : 
 
 2068. Magnesia. 
 
 Light Magnesia — Calcined Magnesia — Oxide of Magnesium. 
 — Magnesia Levis. 
 
 MgO. 
 
 This is made by heating Light Carbonate of Magnesium in 
 
 a crucible to a low red heat until its carbon dioxide and 
 
 water are expelled, or until a small portion, taken from the 
 
 centre of the crucible and moistened with water, causes no 
 
MAGNESIUM. 599 
 
 effervescense when dropped into warm diluted Sulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy Magnesia is used for making some 
 other preparations and given in doses of 10 to 30 grains as an 
 antacid and laxative. It is usually called for and sold as Cal- 
 cined Magnesia. 
 
 2069. Magnesia Ponderosa. 
 
 Heavy Magnesia — Heavy Calcined Magnesia. 
 
 MgO. 
 
 This is the same chemically as the foregoing, but an equal 
 
 weight is only about one fourth as bulky, It is prepared 
 
 from Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium in precisely the same 
 
 manner as the Light Magnesia. 
 
 Husband's Magnesia and Henry s Magnesia are simply Heavy 
 Magnesia put up in proprietary form and sold at a fancy price. 
 
 Uses. — Heavy Magnesia is used for the same purposes as 
 Light Magnesia, but is more convenient on account of being 
 less bulky. The dose is 10 to 30 grains or more. 
 
 2070. Magnesia Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium. 
 (MgC0 3 ) 3 Mg(HO) 2 . 4 H 2 0. 
 The U. S. P. gives no formula for this preparation, but the 
 Br. P. gives two processes, one for making Magnesii Carbonas 
 Levis or Light Carbonate of Magnesia, the other for making 
 Magnesii Carbonas Ponderosa or Heavy Carbonate of Magne- 
 sium, the latter being generally used in pharmacy. 
 
 The proportions of both arc the same, varying only in the 
 manner of making. 
 
 Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium, Br. 
 
 Sulphate- of Magnesium 10 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 12 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Dissolve the Sulphate of Magnesium and the Carbonate of 
 Sodium each in 20 ounces of the Water, mix the two solutions 
 
6()() MAGNESIUM. 
 
 and evaporate the whole to perfect dryness by means of a 
 sand-bath. Digest the residue for half an hour with 2 pints 
 (Imperial) of Water, and, having collected the insoluble mat- 
 ter, wash it repeatedly with distilled Water until the washings 
 no longer give a precipitate with Chloride of Barium. Finally, 
 dry the product at a temperature not exceeding 212° F. 
 
 (ioo° C). 
 
 As prepared for the market this powder is pressed while 
 still moist in bricks or squares of 2 or 4 ounces or less. 
 
 Light Carbonate of Magnesia is made with the same ingredi- 
 ents, in the same proportion, but the salts are dissolved each 
 in half a gallon (imperial) of cold Water, the solutions mixed 
 and boiled 15 minutes, then the precipitate is washed with 
 boiling distilled Water, as above directed, and dried at a tem- 
 perature not exceeding 212 ' F. (ioo° C). 
 
 Milk of Magnesia. — By omitting to dry the precipitate as 
 above prepared, and suspending it instead in as little water as 
 will answer the purpose, Milk of Magnesia is produced. A 
 proprietary article by this name has had a popular sale. 
 
 Uses.— Carbonate of Magnesium is extensively used in 
 pharmacy for various purposes, and in medicine is employed 
 as an antacid and laxative, in doses of 20 to 60 grains or 
 more. It is a familiar household remedy for "heart-burn," 
 and is considerably used as a toilet powder, and in tooth 
 powders, etc. 
 
 2071. Magnesii Citras Granulatus. 
 
 Granulated Citrate of Magnesium. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, . 1 1 parts or 770 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid, 48 parts or 2880 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, . . 37 parts or 2220 grains. 
 
 Sugar, in No. 60 powder, . 8 parts or 480 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, ) each a su ffi c ient quantity. 
 
 Distilled Water, ) 
 
 Mix the Carbonate of Magnesium intimately with 33 parts 
 or 1980 grains of Citric Acid and enough distilled Water to 
 make a thick paste, dry this at a temperature not exceeding 
 
MAGNESIUM. 
 
 601 
 
 30 C. (86° F.), and reduce it to a fine powder. Then mix it 
 intimately with the Sugar, the Bicarbonate of Potassium, and 
 the remainder of the Citric Acid, previously reduced to a very 
 fine powder. Dampen the mass with a sufficient quantity of 
 Alcohol and rub it through a No. 20 tinned-iron sieve to form 
 a coarse granular powder. Lastly, dry it in a moderately 
 warm place and put up in well-closed bottles. 
 
 Uses. — This is given as an agreeable laxative, in doses of 1 
 to 3 teaspoonfuls, dissolved in cold water. 
 
 A great number of effervescing salts may be made in the 
 same general manner. 
 
 2072. 
 
 Magnesii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium — Epsom Salt. 
 
 MgS0 4 . 7 H 3 0. 
 
 This is prepared commercially by treating the earthy sili- 
 cious Magnesium Hydrate with Sulphuric Acid. The mass is 
 then dried and calcined at a red heat, to convert Ferrous Sul- 
 phate into Red Oxide of Iron. It is then dissolved in Water 
 and Sulphide of Calcium added to separate any portion of Iron 
 remaining, and at last dissolved again and crystallized to make 
 the Epsom Salt of commerce. For laboratory experiments 
 Carbonate of Magnesium may be dissolved to saturation in 
 Sulphuric Acid, the solution concentrated by evaporation and 
 crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — Sulphate of Magnesium is the commercial basis of 
 most of the Magnesium Salts. It is extensively used as a 
 medicine, being familiarly known as " Salts." It acts as a 
 cathartic in doses of 1 ounce, and is used in smaller doses as a 
 laxative and refrigerant. 
 
 2073. Magnesii Sulphis. 
 
 Sulphite of Magnesium. 
 
 MgS0 3 .6H 2 0. 
 
 This Salt is now official in the U. S. P., and is readily made 
 by passing .t current of purified Sulphurous Acid Gas into a 
 
602 MAGNESIUM. 
 
 rather thick milk of Magnesia, until the Acid is in slight 
 excess. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is employed for the same purposes as Sul- 
 phite of Sodium and Sulphate of Potassium, but is less solu- 
 ble and therefore less disagreeable to the taste. The dose is 
 15 to 30 grains. 
 
 Other Magnesium Salts. 
 
 The foregoing Official Salts of Magnesium are all that are 
 much used in pharmacy or medicine, but as it combines with 
 most of the Acids and the non-metals, a great number of other 
 preparations are known. The following are the more im- 
 portant unofficial Salts : 
 
 2074. Acetate of Magnesium. — Mg (C 2 H 3 2 )2. — Made by adding 
 Carbonate of Magnesium to saturation to Acetic Acid, filtering the solution, 
 concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2075. Bromide of Magnesium. — This is most conveniently made by add- 
 ing Carbonate of Magnesium in excess to a solution of Bromide of Iron, then 
 filtering, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2076. Chloride of Magnesium. — MgCl. — This is a very deliquescent 
 Salt, made by neutralizing Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesia, evaporating to 
 dryness, adding an equal weight of Chloride of Calcium, heating in a red-hot 
 platinum crucible, and fusing. 
 
 2077. Citrate of Magnesium. — Mg 3 (C 6 H 5 7 ) 2 . — This Salt is but 
 little used, the effervescing Citrate being generally employed. It may be 
 made by dissolving Citric Acid 3 parts in Water, yi part by the aid of heat, 
 and adding to the solution 1 part of Magnesia and stirring them together 
 until a dry mass results. 
 
 2078. Iodide of Magnesium. — Mgl 2 — This Salt may be made by dis- 
 solving Magnesia to saturation in Hydriodic Acid, concentrating and crystal- 
 lizing. 
 
 2079. Lactate of Magnesium. — Mg2C3H5O3.3H.3O. — This may be 
 made by dissolving separately, in hot water, 6 parts of Lactate of Calcium 
 and 5 parts Sulphate of Magnesium, mixing the solutions, filtering, evaporat- 
 ing the filtrate, and crystallizing. 
 
 2080. Phosphate of Magnesium.— MgHP0 4 .6H 2 0. — This Salt may be 
 made by mixing concentrated solutions of Sulphate of Magnesium and Phos- 
 
MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 603 
 
 phate of Sodium, allowing to stand some time, and collecting the crystals 
 which form. 
 
 2081. Sulphate of Magnesium, Dried. — MgS0 4 — This is prepared by- 
 heating Sulphate of Magnesium until it has lost one-third of its weight, then 
 sifting it. 
 
 2082. Tartrate of Magnesium. — This maybe prepared by saturating a 
 solution of Tartaric Acid with Carbonate of Magnesium, and evaporating by 
 gentle heat to dryness. 
 
 2083. Magnesium Aperient or Seltzer Aperient. — Several Magnesian 
 or Seltzer Aperients have had a large sale as proprietary medicines. The 
 following formulae make preparations similar to those most popular: 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium 1 pound av., dry it by gradually increasing heat 
 until it has lost one third of its weight ; then add Tartaric Acid, dried and 
 powdered, 10 ounces av., Magnesia (calcined) 8 ounces av., White Sugar, 24 
 ounces av., Bicarbonate of Sodium, dried and powdered, 8 ounces av., and mix 
 them all well together and pass through a sieve. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 1 pound, Bicarbonate of Sodium 1 pound, 
 Rochelle Salts 2 pounds, Tartaric Acid 2 pounds. Mix them intimately. 
 
 MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 Grain, such as barley, oats, rye, maize, etc., in which a por- 
 tion of the starch has become converted into sugar by malting 
 is called malt. Barley and rye are the cereals usually employed 
 for making malt, but other grains are sometimes used. The 
 process of malting in brief consists in macerating the grain with 
 just sufficient water to cover it, for 24 to 48 hours, during 
 which time the water is mostly absorbed. The superfluous 
 water is then drained off and the grain is deposited in heaps 
 on the floor, where it is allowed to stand for 24 to 26 hours, dur- 
 ing which time partial germination takes place, with a rise of 
 temperature of about io° F. It is then spread thickly on the 
 floor and repeatedly turned with wooden shovels for some 
 time. When the grain has germinated sufficiently (which it 
 requires experience to determine) it is thrown into a kiln and 
 kiln-dried until the water has evaporated and it is gradually 
 heated to about 150° F. As thus prepared it constitutes the 
 Malt used by brewers. Tin- changes that occur in barley are 
 
604 
 
 MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 shown 
 grains : 
 
 by 
 
 the 
 
 followin 
 
 g 
 
 table. 
 
 They are 
 
 similar 
 
 in other 
 
 
 Composition of 
 Barley. 
 
 Composition of 
 
 Malt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 32 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 IOO 
 
 The chief changes that occur, therefore, are the transforma- 
 tion of the hordeine (a form of starch peculiar to barley) into 
 starch, sugar, and gum. 
 
 2084. 
 
 Extract of Malt. 
 
 The process of making Extract of Malt has previously been 
 referred to (1038), the changes consisting in the conversion of 
 starch, by the action of diastase, aided by heat, first into dex- 
 trin and then into grape sugar. It is a thick syrup similar to 
 glucose. 
 
 The value of Extract of Malt, aside from its nutritive value 
 as food, depends upon the quantity of Diastase which it con- 
 tains, and which acts in the same manner as the Ptyalin of 
 saliva to digest starch, one part being sufficient to dissolve 
 2,000 parts of starch. This Diastase is a ferment peculiar to 
 the germination of grains and seeds, and is developed in the 
 process of malting, its action of converting starch into sugar 
 being cut short by the drying of the germinating grain. 
 
 In making Extract of Malt great care must be exercised to 
 preserve the excess of Diastase for the reasons above stated. 
 The coarsely-ground Malt is first dampened with water heated 
 to about 150 F., then firmly packed in the water-bath perco- 
 lator, which is surrounded with water at about the same tem- 
 perature. It is then covered with water heated to about 150 
 F. and allowed to stand for two hours, the heat being main- 
 tained at the same temperature. The percolation is then 
 begun and water, heated to the specified temperature, added 
 to the Malt until the percolate has no longer a perceptibly 
 
MALTUM — MALT. 605 
 
 sweet taste. As the percolate is received it must be at once 
 placed in the evaporating apparatus, which should be a water- 
 bath, by which the heat maybe maintained at about 150 F., 
 and the evaporation is to be conducted at that temperature 
 until the product is concentrated to a thick syrup of 36 
 Bawne, or of which a pint will weigh 1^ pound av. As thus 
 prepared Extract of Malt contains all its valuable properties 
 unimpaired, and may be used as the basis for any of the vari- 
 ous combinations which are called for. 
 
 Uses. — Extract of Malt is a valuable aid to digestion of 
 amylaceous food, and is in itself a nutritive and tonic. It is 
 given in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 
 
 Maltine. — Maltine is a proprietary Malt Extract, made by 
 the Maltine Manufacturing Co., Yonkers, on the Hudson. It 
 is claimed to be made of malted barley, wheat, and oats, equal 
 parts, in the same general manner as has been described for 
 making Extract of Malt. It is used for the same purposes 
 and in the same manner as the foregoing. The formulas which 
 are given for Malt Extract combinations apply to Maltine as 
 well. 
 
 2085. Liquid Malt Extract. 
 
 The thick Extracts of Malt which have previously been 
 described are inconvenient for some forms of medication, a 
 more limpid extract being much more desirable. In the thick 
 Malt Extracts, also, a great portion of the Diastase has been 
 required to convert the starchy matters into sugar, the excess, 
 which was not required for that purpose, only being available. 
 In the Liquid Malt Extracts it is aimed to retain the diastase 
 and valuable extractive matter of the Malt without the con- 
 version of its starch into sugar (as that only serves as a food 
 which may be more cheaply supplied from other sources), and 
 a consequent saving of Diastase. The following formula is 
 designed to secure this result : 
 
 Barley Malt, coarsely ground, ... 2 pounds av. 
 
 Hops (new crop), coarsely ground, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
g06 MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 Mix the Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, and, having mixed 
 the Malt and the Hops together, moisten them with the liquid 
 and pack firm in the water-bath percolator, and pour upon 
 them the remainder of the liquid. Allow to stand 24 hours, 
 then heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate 
 and continue until the percolate will no longer drop, then add 
 Water to the drugs in the percolator and continue the perco- 
 lation until 4 pints have been obtained, which reserve ; con- 
 tinue the percolation with Water until the drugs are exhausted, 
 evaporate the last portion of the percolate by open evapora- 
 tion to 4 fl. ounces. Distil the Alcohol from the reserved por- 
 tion by the heat of a water-bath not exceeding 150 F., and 
 when 2 pints have been recovered continue the evaporation on 
 a water-bath, at the specified heat, until the liquid is reduced 
 to 24 fl.ounces. To this add the reserved portion and 8 
 fl. ounces of Alcohol and filter clear. 
 
 This makes a Fluid Extract of Malt in which all the valua- 
 ble properties of Malt are retained. It is much stronger than 
 most of the preparations put up as Liquid Malt Extract, and 
 may be reduced for general sale by adding to it 3 or 4 parts of 
 Water, with just sufficient Alcohol to insure its keeping. 
 
 Uses.— It is used for the same purposes as other Malt 
 Extracts and given in doses of a dessertspoonful or more. 
 The diluted liquid may be given in doses of a wineglassful. 
 Liquid Malt Extract may be used in any of the combinations 
 for which formulae are given instead of Malt Extract, if desired. 
 
 2086. Malt Extract with Hops. 
 
 Malt Extract l P lflt ' 
 
 Fluid Extract of Hops # fl.ounce. 
 
 Rub the fiuid Extract in a mortar first with a small portion of the Malt 
 Extract and then with the remainder. 
 
 It may also be made by steeping 1 part of hops in the percolate from 32 
 parts of malt during the process of condensation. 
 
 This is called by some manufacturers Extract of Meat (plain). It is more 
 desirable for dispensing and taking than simple Extract of Malt on account 
 of the hop bitter, but it should not be used in combinations unless so directed. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
607 
 
 2087. Malt Extract with Alteratives. 
 
 Bromide of Calcium, 160 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 160 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Sodium 96 grains. 
 
 Water, hot, 1 flounces. 
 
 Malt Extract, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Salts in the hot water and mix thoroughly with the Malt Ex- 
 tract. The dose is a tablespoonful containing 13 grains of the Alterative 
 Salts. 
 
 2088. Malt Extract with Beef and Iron. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Malt Extract, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Extract of Meat with the water and mix thoroughly with the Malt 
 Extract. Dose, a tablespoonful to a wineglassful. 
 
 2089. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil Combinations. 
 
 The formula for Cod Liver Oil with Extract of Malt is given (878), and 
 consists simply in rubbing 8 fl. ounces of Cod Liver Oil with 8 fl. ounces of 
 Malt Extract, and adding 20 minims Oil of Wintergreen, and 5 minims Oil 
 of Bitter Almonds for flavoring. A great variety of medicines may be com- 
 bined with this base, the following being the principal combinations known 
 in the market. 
 
 2090. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Dialysed Iron. — Add 320 
 minims of Dialysed Iron to a pint of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil. The 
 dose is a tablespoonful containing 10 minims Dialysed Iron. 
 
 2091. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Iodide of Iron. — Dissolve 
 32 grains Tasteless Iodide of Iron (Creuse's), in y 2 ounce hot Water and mix 
 thoroughly with a pint of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil. The dose is a 
 tablespoonful containing 1 grain Tasteless Iodide of Iron. 
 
 2092. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Pepsin. — Saccharated 
 Pepsin, 128 grains, rubbed to a fine powder in a mortar, then with a portion 
 of the Cod Liver Oil and Malt, and then with the remainder. Dose, a table- 
 spoonful containing 4 grains of Pepsin. 
 
 2093. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Pancreatin. — Saccharated 
 I'ancreatin, 128 grains, rubbed to a fine powder in a mortar, then with a por- 
 tion of the Cod Liver Oil and Malt, and then with the remainder. Dose, a 
 tablespoonful containing 4 grains Pancreatin. 
 
608 MA LIT M — MALT. 
 
 2094. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil, Pepsin and Pancreatin. — 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 1 28 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin, 1 28 grains, mixed 
 with a pint of Cod Liver Oil and Malt, the same as the preceding. The 
 dose is a tablespoonful containing 1 grain each Pepsin and Pancreatin. 
 
 2095. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Hypophosphites. — Hypo- 
 phosphite of Calcium, 64 grains, Hypophosphite of Sodium, 48 grains, Hypo- 
 phosphite of Potassium, 32 grains, Glycerin, 1 fl.ounce, hot Water, 1 flounce. 
 Malt with Cod Liver Oil, 14 flounces. Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine 
 powder and dissolve as nearly as possible in the hot Water and Glycerin, 
 then rub thoroughly with the Malt and Cod Liver Oil. Dose, a tablespoonful 
 containing about 4^ grains of the Hypophosphites. 
 
 2096. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Phosphorus. — Thomp- 
 son's Solution of Phosphorus, 1 fl.ounce, mixed thoroughly by rubbing first 
 with a small portion of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil sufficient to make a 
 pint. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing about T 4„ grain of Phosphorus. 
 
 2097. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil, Phosphorus, Iron and Nux 
 Vomica. — Add to the above preparation 1 drachm Tincture of Nux Vomica, 
 and 1 drachm Solution of Phosphate or Iron. 
 
 2098. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Phosphates.— Concentrated 
 Solution of Phosphates Compound (1938), ]/ 2 fl.ounce, Cod Liver Oil and 
 Malt, 1 pint. Mix them thoroughly by rubbing together in a mortar. 
 
 2099. Extract of Malt with Iron. — Extract of Malt may be combined 
 with most any of the strong Solutions or Soluble Salts of Iron. 
 
 2100. Extract of Malt with Citrate of Iron. — Dissolve 64 grains of 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium in half an ounce of Hot Water and mix with 
 a pint of Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 2 grains of the 
 Iron Salt. 
 
 2101. Extract of Malt with Dialysed Iron. — Mix 320 minims Solution 
 Dialysed Iron with a pint of Malt Extract. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 
 10 minims Dialysed Iron. 
 
 2102. Extract of Malt with Iodide of Iron. — Dissolve 64 grains Taste- 
 less Iodide of Iron (Creuse's) in half fl.ounce Warm Water and mix with a 
 pint of Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 2 grains of the 
 Iron Salt. 
 
 2103. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron.— Dissolve 64 grains 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880) in half an ounce of Hot Water and mix 
 with a pint of Malt Extract. The dose, a tablespoonful, contains 2 grains of 
 the Iron Salt. 
 
 2104. Extract of Malt with Tincture of Iron.— Tasteless Tincture of 
 Iron (1923) half fl.ounce Extract of Malt a pint; mix them well together. 
 Combinations may also be made by mixing equal measures of Malt Extract 
 and Elixir Gentian with Tincture Chloride of Iron. 
 
609 
 
 2105. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron and Quinine. — 
 
 Malt Extract, 8 fl. ounces, Elixir Iron and Quinine, 8 fl. ounces; mix them well 
 together. Citrate of Iron and Quinine with Malt Extract may be made 
 by adding 2 fl. ounces of Solution Citrate of Iron and Quinine to 14 fl. ounces 
 of Extract of Malt. 
 
 2106. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
 nine. — Malt Extract, 8 fl.ounces, Elixir Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 8 
 fl.ounces. Mix them well together. 
 
 Citrate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine with Malt Extract, may be 
 made by adding 2 fl.ounces Solution Citrate of Iron and Quinine and 1 
 fl.drachm of Solution of Strychnine to 14 fl.ounces of Malt Extract. 
 
 2107. Extract of Malt with Hypophosphites. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium 64 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium 48 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium 32 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Hot Water 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Extract of Malt, 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Hypophosphites to a very fine powder in a mortar, dissolve them as 
 nearly as possible in the Hot Water and Glycerin, and mix them with the 
 Malt Extract. The dose is a tablespoonful, containing 4^ grains of the 
 mixed Hypophosphites. 
 
 2108. Extract of Malt with Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine 128 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Glycerin 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Water 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Malt Extract 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Lactopeptine with the Glycerin and Water, add the Acid, and 
 macerate in a warm place for 12 hours, then mix with the Malt Extract. 
 The combinations of Lactopeptine with Malt Extract may be made in the 
 same manner as those of Pepsin. 
 
 2109. Extract of Malt with Lactophosphates. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium '.. fl.ounce. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Iron '4 fl.ounce. 
 
 Malt Extract 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. A tablespoonful contains 5 grains of the Lacto- 
 phosphates. A variety of combinations of Extract of Mall and I actophos- 
 
610 MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 phates, and Calisaya, Gentian, etc., may be made by mixing equal parts of 
 Malt Extract with Lactophosphates, and Elixirs of Calisaya, Gentian, etc., as 
 desired. 
 
 21 io. Extract of Malt with Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin 128 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 1 fi.drachm. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Water 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Malt Extract, 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin with the Glycerin and Water, add the Acid and macerate 
 in a warm place for 1 2 hours, then mix with the Malt Extract. A tablespoon- 
 ful contains 4 grains Pepsin. 
 
 2111. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Bismuth. — Solution of Bis- 
 muth (1873) ]/ 2 fl.ounce, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Rub the Solu- 
 tion first with a small portion of the Extract of Malt and Pepsin, and then 
 with the remainder. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains 
 each Pepsin and Bismuth. 
 
 21 12. Extract of Malt with Pepsin, Bismuth, and Strychnine. — 
 
 Solution of Bismuth (1873) y* fl.ounce, Solution of Strychnine (1942) 1 
 fi.drachm, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Rub the Solutions first with 
 a small portion of the Extract of Malt and Pepsin, and then with the remain- 
 der. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains each Pepsin and 
 Bismuth and -fe grain Strychnine. 
 
 21 13. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Iron.— Solution of Citrate or 
 Phosphate of Iron yi fl.ounce, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Mix the 
 Solution with the Extract. Other solutions or salts of Iron may be combined, 
 as desired, with Extract of Malt with Pepsin. The usual dose is a table- 
 spoonful, containing 4 grains of the Iron salt and 4 grains of Pepsin. 
 
 21 14. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Pancreatin. — Saccharated Pep- 
 sin 128 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin 128 grains, Extract of Malt 1 pint. 
 Rub the powders first with a small portion of the Extract, and then with the 
 remainder. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains each Pepsin 
 and Pancreatin. 
 
 21 15. Malt Extract with Peptones. — This is made by digesting finely 
 chopped beef 2 ounces av., at about ioo° F., in a solution made of Scale 
 Pepsin 30 grains, Hydrochloric Acid, diluted, 2 fl.drachms, Water 1 fl.ounce, 
 Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, until the beef is reduced to a semi-fluid state, requiring 
 about 6 or 7 hours. This is then mixed with sufficient Malt Extract to make 
 a pint. 
 
MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 611 
 
 2116. 
 
 Malt Extract with Phosphates. 
 
 
 Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Malt Extract 15 flounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 A variety of combinations of this preparation with Calisaya, Gentian, etc., 
 may be made if desired. 
 
 21 17. Malt Extract with Cascara Sagrada. — This may be made by 
 mixing 1 fl.ounce of Fluid Extract Cascara Sagrada with 15 fl. ounces of Malt 
 Extract. It is best combined with Liquid Malt Extract. It is a valuable laxa- 
 tive, in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 
 
 21 18. Malt Extract with Viburnium. — Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract of 
 Black Haw with 15 fl. ounces Liquid Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful 
 as a tonic for female difficulties, etc. 
 
 2119. Malt Extract with Wafer Ash. — Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract 
 Ptelea or Wafer Ash Bark with i 5 fl. ounces Malt Extract. Used for a tonic, 
 dyspepsia, etc. Dose, a dessertspoonful or more. Many other combinations 
 of Malt Extract or Liquid Malt Extract with fluid extracts of tonics, laxa- 
 tives, etc., may be used to advantage. 
 
 2120. Malt Extract with Yerba Santa.— Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract 
 Verba Santa with 15 fl.ounces of Malt Extract. As a carrier for Quinine 
 and other bitter medicines this preparation cannot be excelled. 
 
 The following combinations of Malt Extract have a popular 
 sale as proprietary medicines, and may be readily and profitably 
 put up by druggists : 
 
 2121. Malt Bitters. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Wahoo Bark 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seeds 1 ounce. 
 
 iraon Bark 1 ounce. 
 
 Good Whisky 3 pints. 
 
 Water zyi pints. 
 
 Liquid Malt Extract 3 pints. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate in the water-bath per- 
 colator with the mixed Whisky and Water, then add the Liquid Malt Extract 
 to the percolate, and filter or strain. The dose is a tablespoonful to a wine- 
 glassful. 
 
C12 MALTUM — MALT. 
 
 2122. Malt and Tar Cough Syrup. 
 
 Oil of Tar ^ fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, . . . 15 minims. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint io minims. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Anise 15 minims. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Water y/ 2 pints. 
 
 Alcohol l / 2 pint. 
 
 Fluid Extract Lobelia, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Bloodroot, l / 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Chloroform 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium 2 ounces av. 
 
 Tartar Emetic 30 grains. 
 
 Malt Extract, 4 pints. 
 
 Mix the Oils with the Tincture of Tolu, and rub together with the Carbon- 
 ate of Magnesium in a mortar. Mix the Alcohol with the Water, and tritu- 
 rate with the mixture in the mortar ; then set aside for a few hours and filter. 
 Dissolve the Tartar Emetic and Chloride of Ammonium in the filtrate. Mix 
 the fluid extracts Tincture of Opium and Chloroform with the Malt Extract 
 by agitation ; then add the filtrate in which the salts have been dissolved and 
 shake them well together. 
 
 This is a very efficient cough remedy. Other ingredients may be added if 
 desired. The dose is from a teaspoon ful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 2123. Malt Tonic. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 60 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 120 grains. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Good Whisky 4 pints. 
 
 Water 2 pints. 
 
 Liquid Malt Extract 3 pints. 
 
 Mix the Whisky, Water, and Compound Tincture of Cardamom and dis- 
 solve the Alkaloidal salts in the mixture. After standing a few hours add the 
 Malt Extract and strain or filter. 
 
 Many other ingredients may be added to this preparation if desired, as 
 Tincture or Fluid Extract of Hops, say 2 ounces, for Mai (-Hop Ionic, etc. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
MANGANESE. 613 
 
 
 2124. Malt Cordial, or Malt-Wine Cordial. 
 
 This may be made the same as the foregoing, only using Wine in place of 
 the Whisky, or as follows : 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine 80 grains. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sherry or other Wine, 3 pints. 
 
 Water 1% pint. 
 
 Alcohol Yz pint. 
 
 .Malt Extract 3 pints. 
 
 Mix the Wine, Water, and Alcohol and dissolve the Alkaloidal salts in the 
 mixture, add the Elixir flavoring, let stand a few hours, then add the Malt 
 Extract and strain or filter. 
 
 This is also known as Malt Wine, and many combinations with it may be 
 made. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 Symbol, Mn ; Atomic Weight, 54; Sp. gr., 7.13. 
 
 Manganese is a very hard, brittle metal, found quite abund- 
 ant in the form of black oxide. It is classed chemically with 
 iron and chromium, its salts very much resembling those of 
 iron. Metallic Manganese is seldom seen except in the chem- 
 ist's laboratory; its affinity for oxygen is so great that when 
 powdered it decomposes water without the aid of heat, and 
 must be preserved in naphtha. 
 
 It forms compounds with the non-metallic elements, and unites 
 with hydrogen and oxygen, forming Manganic Acid(H 2 Mn 
 O^), which is only known in its combinations with bases called 
 Manganates. With Oxygen it forms definitely five compounds, 
 and two more are supposed to exist. The Binoxide of Man- 
 ganese is much employed as a source of Oxygen for manufac- 
 turing purposes, as in the production of chlorine for bleaching 
 purposes, the melting of glass with the oxyhydrogen jet, etc. 
 In pharmacy it is employed for the production of chlorine, 
 permanganate of potassium, and peroxide of hydrogen. A 
 
014 MANGANESE. 
 
 few of the Manganese salts are employed in medicine as 
 alteratives and tonics. 
 
 The following- are the official salts of Manganese : 
 
 2125. Mangani Oxidum Nigrum. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese — Dioxide of Manganese. 
 MnO s 
 
 This is described in the U. S. P. as native crude Binoxide of 
 Manganese, containing at least 66 per cent, of the pure 
 Oxide. 
 
 The Br. P. gives it the name Manganesii Oxidum Nigrum. 
 
 Uses. — It is the commercial basis of the Manganese salts, 
 and is extensively used for obtaining oxygen for chemical and 
 industrial purposes. As found in the market it varies consid- 
 erably as regards it purity, and those who use it largely for 
 industrial purposes buy it only upon assay. 
 
 2126. Mangani Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Ma?iganese. 
 
 MnS0 4 .4H 2 0. 
 
 This may be prepared by the process suggested by Pro. 
 Diehle, which consists in heating together to redness in a 
 crucible Manganese dioxide and charcoal, treating the residue 
 with Sulphuric Acid and again heating to redness, then dis- 
 solving the residue in water, filtering the solution and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used in making some other preparations 
 of Manganese, and is sometimes given in doses of 5 to 15 
 grains as a tonic. 
 
 Other Salts of Manganese. 
 
 The two foregoing are all the salts of Manganese official in 
 the U. S. P. The Permanganate of Potassium is the most 
 
MANGANESE. 615 
 
 important Manganese compound medicinally, but that is 
 included in the Potassium salts. Quite a number of the other 
 Manganese salts have their uses in pharmacy and medicine, 
 the most important ones being noted below : 
 
 2127. Acetate of Manganese— Mn(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . — This salt may be most 
 conveniently made by neutralizing Acetic Acid with Carbonate of Manganese, 
 concentrating the solution by evaporation and crystallizing. 
 
 2128. Arseniate of Manganese— MnHAs0 4 . — By neutralizing a Solu- 
 tion of Arsenic Acid with freshly precipitated Carbonate of Manganese, 
 concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2129. Benzoate of Manganese. — By adding to a Solution of Benzoic 
 Acid Carbonate of Manganese until no more will be combined. 
 
 2130. Carbonate of Manganese — MnCO s . — This is most conveniently- 
 made by adding a Solution of Sulphate of Manganese to a Solution of Car- 
 bonate of Potassium or Sodium, washing the precipitate and drying. 
 
 2131. Chloride of Manganese — MnCl 2 . — By dissolving Dioxide of 
 Manganese in Hydrochloric Acid, purifying from Iron salts, etc., evaporating 
 and crystallizing. 
 
 2132. Citrate of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of Manganese 
 in a strong Solution of Citric Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2133. Hypophosphite of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of 
 Manganese in Hypophosphorous Acid, and crystallizing, or by decomposing a 
 Solution of Sulphate of Manganese with a strong Solution of Hypophosphite 
 of Calcium, filtering, and concentrating the solution. 
 
 2134. Iodide of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of Manganese 
 in Hydriodic Acid, concentrating and crystallizing in vacuo. 
 
 2135. Oxides of Manganese. — Besides the official Dioxide of Mangan- 
 ese, Mn0 2 , which is black, there exists the Monoxide, MnO, light green, 
 the Sesquioxide, M11J),, dark brown, the Magnetic Oxide, Mn 3 4 , red, and 
 Permanganic Oxide, Mn 2 7 , a dark brown liquid. 
 
 2136. Phosphate of Manganese — MnHP0 4 .6H 2 0. — This is most con- 
 veniently made by precipitating a Solution of Sulphate of Manganese by 
 adding it to a Solution of Phosphate of Sodium, washing the precipitate and 
 drying. 
 
 2137. Tartrate of Manganese — MnC 4 H 4 O .— By adding freshly pre- 
 cipitated Carbonate of Manganese to a Solution of Tartaric Acid, concentrat- 
 ing and crystallizing. 
 
 Manganic Acid, lUInu,, is only known by its salts, which are called 
 Manganalcs. /'crmaiign/iit Acid, 1 1 MnO.,, is obtained by cautiously dis- 
 tilling Permanganate of Potassium and Sulphuric Acid. It is the acid base 
 of the Permanganate salts. 
 
616 MASS. K— MASSES. 
 
 M ASS^E — MASSES. 
 
 Under this title the U. S- P. gives the formulae for three 
 preparations, which are made and kept in the form of a pilular 
 mass, and are frequently sold or dispensed in this form, but 
 are also designed to be made up into pills, or to be mixed with 
 other substances for making pills. Under the title Pilulae in 
 the Br. P. quite a number of masses are included, see PlLUL^E. 
 The U. S. official formulas are as follows : 
 
 2138. Massa Copaibae. 
 
 Mass of Copaibce — Pilnhu Copaiba? . 
 
 Copaiba 94 parts or 1 ounce av., Magnesia (recently pre- 
 pared) 6 parts or 28 grains. Mix them intimately and set aside 
 until it concretes into a pilular mass. 
 
 2139. Massa Ferri Carbonatis. 
 
 Mass of Carbonate of Iron — Vallefs Mass — Pilala? Ferri 
 Carbonatis. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, . . . 
 Carbonate of Sodium, . 
 Clarified Honey, . . . 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 
 Distilled Water, ) 
 Syrup, ! 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt and Sodium Salt separately, each in 
 200 parts or a pint of boiling Distilled Water, and, having 
 added 25 parts or 3 fl. drachms of Syrup to the solution of 
 Iron Salt, filter both solutions. Mix them when cold in a 
 bottle just large enough to hold both solutions, and stop the 
 bottle tightly and set aside so that the Carbonate of Iron may 
 subside. Pour off the supernatant liquid, and having mixed 
 Syrup and Distilled Water in the proportion of one part or 
 
 100 parts or 
 
 2 ounces av. 
 
 1 10 parts or 
 
 2}i ounces av. 
 
 38 parts or 
 
 Y^ ounce av. 
 
 25 parts or 
 
 y 2 ounce av. 
 
 each a sufficient quantity. 
 
MASS.E — MASSES. 617 
 
 \y 2 fl. drachm of Syrup to 16 parts or 4 fl. ounces of water. 
 Wash the precipitate until the washings no longer have a 
 saline taste. Drain the precipitate on a flannel cloth and ex- 
 press as much of the water as possible. Lastly, mix the pre- 
 cipitate immediately with the Honey and Sugar, and by means 
 of a water-bath evaporate the mixture, stirring constantly 
 until it is reduced to 100 parts or two ounces av. 
 
 The Br. Pilula Ferri Carbonatis is made with Saccharated 
 Carbonate of Iron, Br., 1 ounce, Confection of Rose y± ounce. 
 
 The German Pilulce Ferri Carbonici is made with Sulphate 
 of Iron 50 parts, Bicarbonate of Sodium 35 parts, Powdered 
 Sugar 8 parts, Clarified Honey 26 parts, Water, etc., in the 
 same manner as by the U. S. formula, to make 40 parts. 
 
 2140. Massa Hydrargyri. 
 
 Mass of Mercury — Blue Mass— Blue Pill. 
 
 Mercury, 33 parts or 578 grains. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza, in N0.60 Powder, 5 parts or 58 grains. 
 Althaea, in No. 60 Powder, 25 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 3 parts or 45 minims. 
 
 Honey of Rose, .... 34 parts or 1 x /% fl. ounce. 
 
 Triturate the Mercury with the Honey of Rose and Glycerin 
 until it is extinguished. Then gradually add the Glycyrrhiza 
 and Althaea, and continue the trituration until globules of 
 Mercury cease to be visible under a lens magnifying 10 diam- 
 eters. The extinguishment of the Mercury may be hastened 
 by adding to the Honey of Rose a few drops of Tincture of 
 Tolu or Benzoin occasionally. 
 
 The Br. formula under the title Pilula Hydrargyri or Mer- 
 curial Pill is Mercury 2 ounces av., Confection of Rose 3 ounces 
 av., Liquorice Root in fine power 1 ounce av. The Mercury 
 is first rubbed with the Confection, then with the Liquorice. 
 
 Blue Mass is one of the articles most frequently called for, 
 but it is seldom made by druggists, being supplied by manu- 
 facturing pharmacists, who have better facilities for pre- 
 paring it. 
 
618 MELITA — HONEYS. 
 
 MELITA — HONEYS. 
 
 Honey is a saccharine secretion deposited by the Honey 
 Bee, Apis Mcllifica, in honey comb. In pharmacy strained 
 or drawn Honey only is employed as a basis of Honey prep- 
 arations and sold or dispensed in medicine. The following 
 preparations of Honey are official. They are thick, syrupy 
 preparations, used chiefly for their local effect or as carriers for 
 medicinal substances. 
 
 2141. Mel Despumatum. U. S. 
 
 Clarified Honey. 
 
 Honey, a convenient quantity. Heat by means of a water- 
 bath, remove the scum, and strain. 
 
 The Br. and German Pharmacopoeias, under the title of Mel 
 Depuratiun, direct similar methods of preparing it. 
 
 This is used for making confections, oxymel, etc. 
 
 2142. Mel Boracis. Br. 
 
 Borax Honey. 
 
 Borax, in fine powder, ... 60 grains or 2 parts. 
 
 Glycerin, 30 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Clarified Honey, 480 grains or 16 parts. 
 
 Mix them. This is used for cankered mouth and throat. 
 
 2143. Mel Rosae. U. S. 
 
 Honey of Rose. 
 
 Red Rose, in No. 40 powder, 8 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 Clarified Honey, .... 92 parts or 23 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 2 parts or y 2 fi. ounce of diluted 
 Alcohol, pack it firmly in a conical glass percolator and gradu- 
 ally pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 33 parts or 8 fi. ounces 
 
MELITA — HONEYS. METHYL. 619 
 
 of percolate are obtained. Reserve the first 3 parts or 6 
 fl. drachms of the percolate, evaporate the remainder by means 
 of a water-bath to 5 parts or 10 fl. drachms, add the reserved 
 portion, and mix the whole with the clarified Honey. 
 
 The German formula produces a similar preparation. 
 
 This is used in making several washes and confections. 
 
 The following Oxymels, official in the Br. P., may quite 
 properly be included under this heading: 
 
 2144. Oxymel. Br. 
 
 Clarified Honey, 40 ounces or 8 parts. 
 
 Acetic Acid, 5 fl. ounces or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Distilled Water, 5 fl. ounces or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Liquefy the Honey by heat and mix with the Acetic Acid 
 and Water. 
 
 The dose is 1 to 2 fl. drachms for coughs, etc. 
 
 2145. Oxymel Scillae. Br. 
 
 Oxymel of Squill. 
 
 Vinegar of Squill 1 pint or 5 fl. parts. 
 
 Clarified Honey, 2 pounds or 8 parts. 
 
 Mix and evaporate by a water-bath until the product, when 
 cold, shall have a specific gravity of 1.32. 
 
 This is used for coughs, in doses of ^ to a teaspoonful. 
 
 METHYL. 
 CH 8 . 
 
 Methyl is the radical of the Methyl series of compounds of 
 which Methylic or Wood Alcohol is the hydrate. It forms, 
 with other bodies, a large number of compounds highly impor- 
 tant in chemistry and pharmacy, similar in characteristics to 
 
620 \iisrrk.K — mixtures. 
 
 the compounds of Amyl, Ethyl and other radicals of the Alco- 
 hol series, see page 85. 
 
 The most important combination of Methyl is its hydrate, 
 Methylic or Wood Alcohol, which is obtained by distillation 
 from carbonaceous substances and is hence called Carbonol. It 
 is the commercial basis of the Methyl products, and has 
 already been described, page 95. The other Methyl salts are 
 but little used in pharmacy, the Acetate, Chloride and Iodide 
 being the most important. Methyl salts form valuable com- 
 binations with Aniline, producing some of the most brilliant 
 colors, and Oil of Wintergreen is chemically Salicilate of 
 Methyl. 
 
 MISTUR^ MIXTURES. 
 
 The term Mixture is applied in Pharmacy to aqueous liquid 
 preparations which contain insoluble substances suspended or 
 precipitated, and are intended for internal use or administra- 
 tion. In a popular sense the name Mixture is applied to a 
 great variety of preparations, many of which are emulsions, 
 solutions, syrups, tinctures, etc. Under this heading the Mix- 
 tures official in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias will first be 
 given and then the more important unofficial Mixtures which 
 are not more naturally included under other headings. See, 
 also, Proprietary Medicines, the Standard Remedies, etc. 
 
 2146. Mistura Ammoniaci. 
 
 Ammoniac Mixture. U. S. — Ammouiacum Mixture. Br. 
 
 Ammoniac, 4 parts or 18 grains. 
 
 Water, 100 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rub the Ammoniac with the Water gradually added until 
 they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 
 
 The Br. formula is about the same, being ]/^ ounce av. to 8 
 fl. ounces of Water. 
 
 This is used for coughs, etc., in doses of y 2 to a fl. ounce. 
 
MISTURA — MIXTURES. 621 
 
 2147. Mistura Amygdalae. 
 
 Almond Mixture. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Sweet Almonds 6 parts or 240 grains. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, . . 1 part or 40 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 3 parts or 120 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, .... 100 parts or 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Having blanched the Almonds, add the Acacia and Sugar 
 and beat them in a mortar until thoroughly mixed ; then rub 
 the mixture with the distilled Water, gradually added, and 
 strain. 
 
 The Br. formula is compound powder of Almonds 2 ounces, 
 distilled Water 16 fl. ounces, rubbed together and strained. 
 
 This is a bland mixture, used for irritable stomach, coughs, 
 etc. Dose I to 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 2148. Mistura Asafoetidae. U. S. 
 
 Asafctida Mixture. 
 
 Asafetida, 4 parts or 18 grains. 
 
 Water 100 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rub the Asafetida with the Water, gradually added, until 
 they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful, as an anti- 
 spasmodic, for worms, etc. 
 
 2149. Mistura Chloroformi. U. S. 
 
 Chloroform Mixture. 
 
 Purified Chloroform, . . . 8 parts or 4 11. drachms. 
 
 Camphor, 2 parts or 96 grains. 
 
 Fresh Yolk of Egg, ... 10 parts or 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Water 80 parts or 8 tl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Yolk of Egg in a mortar, first by itself, then with 
 the Camphor, previously dissolved in the Chloroform, and, 
 
622 M ISTUR/E — MIXTURES. 
 
 lastly, with the Water, gradually added, so as to make a uni- 
 form mixture. 
 
 This is really an emulsion of Chloroform and Camphor, mak- 
 ing a very convenient manner of exhibiting them. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 2150. Mistura Creasoti. Br. 
 
 Creasote Mixture. 
 
 Creasote, 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid, 
 Spirit of Juniper, 
 Syrup, .... 
 Distilled Water, . 
 
 1 5 minims or 1 fl.part. 
 
 15 minims or 1 fl.part. 
 30 minims or 2 fl. parts. 
 1 fl. ounce or 32 fl. parts. 
 15 fl. ounces or 480 fl. parts. 
 
 Mix the Creasote with the Acetic Acid, gradually add the 
 Water, and, lastly, the Syrup and Spirit. 
 Dose, 1 to 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 2151. Mistura Cretae. 
 
 Chalk Mixture. 
 
 The U. S. formula directs : 
 
 Compound Chalk Powder, . 20 parts or 240 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon Water 40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water 40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rub the Powder with the Cinnamon W T ater, and Water 
 gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 This preparation as thus prepared will not keep for any 
 great length of time, and it is suggested to use, instead of 1 
 fl. ounce of Water, only x / 2 ounce, and y 2 ounce Alcohol, making 
 a permanent preparation. 
 
 The Br. formula is : Prepared Chalk %. ounce av., powdered 
 Acacia % ounce av., Syrup y 2 fl. ounce, Cinnamon Water jy 2 
 fl. ounces. 
 
 The dose of Chalk Mixture is 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as an antacid 
 and for bowel complaints of children. 
 
MISTUR^E — MIXTURES. 623 
 
 2152. Mistura Ferri Aromatica. Br. 
 
 Aromatic Mixture of Iron. 
 
 Red Cinchona Bark, in powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
 Columba Root, in coarse powder, . . y 2 ounce. 
 
 Cloves, bruised, in coarse powder, . . y ounce. 
 
 Fine Iron Wire, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom, . 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Orange Peel y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Peppermint Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Macerate the drugs and the Iron with 12 fl. ounces of Pep- 
 permint Water, in a closed vessel, for three days, agitating 
 occasionally; then filter the liquid, adding as much Pepper- 
 mint Water to the filtrate as will make the product measure 
 \2y 2 fl. ounces ; to this add the tinctures, and preserve the 
 mixture in a well-stopped bottle. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as 
 an iron tonic. 
 
 2153. Mistura Ferri Composita. 
 
 Compound Iron Mixture — Griffith's Mixture. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, in coarse 
 
 powder, 6 parts or 24 grains. 
 
 Myrrh, in small pieces, . . 18 parts or 72 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 18 parts or 72 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, . . 8 parts or 32 grains. 
 
 Spirit of Lavender 50 parts or y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rose Water 900 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Myrrh, Sugar and Carbonate of Potassium with the 
 Rose Water, gradually added, then with the Lavender, and 
 lastly with the Sulphate of Iron. Pour the mixture immedi- 
 ately into a bottle, which should be well stopped. 
 
 The Br. formula is Sulphate of Iron 25 grains, Myrrh, Sugar. 
 each 60 grains. Carbonate of Potassium, 30 grains, Spirit of 
 
G24 MISTUR^E — MIXTURES. 
 
 Nutmeg, 4 fl. drachms, Rose Water, g 1 /, fl. ounces, made in a 
 similar manner. 
 
 This is used as an iron tonic, especially for female com- 
 plaints, amenorrhcea, etc. The dose is from I to 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 2154. Mistura Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. U.S. 
 
 Mixture of Acetate of Iron and Ammonium — Bashairi s 
 Mixture. 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron, . 2 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 Diluted Acetic Acid, ... 3 parts or 4 fl. drachms. 
 Solution of Acetate of Am- 
 monium 20 parts or 3^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir of Orange (Simple 
 
 Elixir), 10 parts or 1^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 15 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 50 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 To the Solution of Acetate of Ammonium, previously mixed 
 with the Diluted Acetic Acid, add the Tincture of Chloride of 
 Iron, and afterward the Elixir of Orange, Syrup and Water, 
 and mix the whole thoroughly. The dose of this, as an aromatic 
 iron tonic, is an ounce or more after meals. 
 
 2155. Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. U. S. 
 
 Compound Mixture of GlycyrrJiiza — Brown Mixture. 
 
 Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza, 3 parts or ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Sugar 3 parts or x / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, . . 3 parts or y 2 ounce av. 
 Camphorated Tincture of 
 
 Opium, 12 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Wine of Antimony, . . . 6 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether, . 3 parts or x / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 70 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Extract of Liquorice, Sugar, and Acacia, with the 
 Water gradually added ; then add the other ingredients, and 
 mix the whole thoroughly. 
 
MISTURjE — MIXTURES. 625 
 
 Brown Mixture Improved. — As made by the foregoing formula, this 
 preparation always has quite a precipitate or sediment, and although this corre- 
 sponds with the pharmaceutical idea of a mixture, it is quite undesirable for 
 dispensing in this form. The following formula does away with this objec- 
 tion chiefly : Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated 160 grains, Acacia in fine powder y 2 
 ounce av., Tincture of Opium 160 minims, Wine of Antimony I fl.ounce, 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether y* fl.ounce, Alcohol 2 fl.ounces, Warm Water suffi- 
 cient to make a pint. Mix and dissolve. 
 
 Uses. — Brown Mixture was formerly very much prescribed as a cough 
 preparation, and is yet considerably used for that purpose, in doses of a tea- 
 spoonful or more. 
 
 2156. Mistura Guaiaci. Br. 
 
 Guaiacum Mixture. 
 
 Guaiacum Resin, ... y 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 
 
 Refined Sugar, ... y 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 
 
 Gum Arabic, powdered, . y ounce av. or y part. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, ... 20 fl.ounces or 40 fl. parts. 
 
 Triturate the Guaiacum with the Sugar and the Gum, add- 
 ing gradually the Cinnamon Water. 
 
 Uses. — This is a favorite remedy for rheumatism, in doses 
 of y 2 to 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 2157. Mistura Magnesii et Asafoetidae. U. S. 
 
 Mixture of Magnesia and Asafetida — Dewee's Carminative. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 5 parts or 260 grains. 
 Tincture of Asafetida, . . 7 parts or 10 fl. drachms. 
 Tincture of Opium, . . . 1 part or 75 minims. 
 
 Sugar, 10 parts or 1^ ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water, sufficient to 
 
 make 100 parts or a pint. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium and Sugar in a mortar 
 with the Tinctures, then add gradually enough distilled Water 
 to make 100 parts or a pint. 
 
 This favorite remedy is much used for children, in doses of 
 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
626 mistura — MIXTURES. 
 
 2158. Mistura Potassii Citratis. 
 
 Mixture of Citrate of Potassium — Neutral Mixture. 
 
 Fresh Lemon Juice, strained, 100 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, 
 
 about 10 parts or 170 grains. 
 
 Add the Bicarbonate of Potassium gradually to the Lemon 
 Juice until it is neutralized. This should be freshly made 
 when wanted for use. It is used chiefly as a refrigerant. 
 
 2159. Mistura Rhei et Sodae. U. S. 
 
 Mixture of Rhubard and Soda. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, . 30 parts or ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, 30 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 Spirit of Peppermint, . . 30 parts or 5 fl. drachms. 
 Water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or a pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in 500 parts or half a 
 pint of Water, add the Fluid Extract and Spirit and then 
 enough Water to make 1000 parts or a pint. 
 
 This is used as an antacid and laxative, in doses from y 2 to 
 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 2160. Mistura Scammonii. Br. 
 
 Scammony Mixture. 
 
 Scammony, in powder, ... 6 grains or I part. 
 Milk, 2 fl. ounces or 146 parts. 
 
 Triturate the Scammony with the Milk until a uniform emul- 
 sion is obtained. This should be freshly made when wanted 
 for use. The dose is from 1 to 3 fl. ounces, as a purgative. 
 
MISTURiE — MIXTURES. 627 
 
 2161. Mistura Sennas Composita. Br. 
 
 Compound Mixture of Senna — Black Draught. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium, 4 ounces av. or 4 parts. 
 Liquid Extract of Liquor- 
 ice, 1 ounce av. or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Tincture of Senna, . 
 Compound Tincture 
 Cardamoms, . . . 
 Infusion of Senna, 
 
 Dissolve the Sulphate of 
 
 23/2 fl. ounces or 2.y 2 fl.parts. 
 )f 
 
 \y 2 fl. ounce or \y 2 fl.part. 
 15 fl. ounces or 15 fl.parts. 
 
 Magnesium in the Infusion of 
 Senna with the aid of a little heat, then add the Liquid 
 Extract and the Tinctures. 
 
 This is the familiar British Black Draught, quite similar to 
 the U. S. and German Infusion of Senna Compound, but 
 stronger. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as a purgative, in doses of 1 to lyi 
 fl. ounces, and as a laxative in smaller doses. 
 
 2162. Mistura Spiritus Vini Gallici. Br. 
 
 Mixture of French Brandy. 
 
 French Brandy, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 The Yolks of two Eggs. 
 
 Refined Sugar, y ounce. 
 
 Rub the Yolks and the Sugar together, then add the Cinna- 
 mon Water and the Spirit. 
 
 Uses. — Although our British friends call this a pharmaceu- 
 tical preparation, it is more familiarly known in this country 
 ,-Nogg, but is somewhat improved by more Sugar. 
 
 Other Mixtures. 
 
 The foregoing official Mixtures are all that are recognized 
 in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias, but a great many others 
 
628 MISTUR.-E — MIXTURES. 
 
 have been introduced by popular physicians as their favorite 
 mixtures, and their formulae have been preserved, and are here 
 repeated. Other formulas for Mixtures will be found under 
 other headings: 
 
 2163. Brown-Sequard's Anti-Epileptic Mixture. — Bromide of Sodium 
 360 grains, Bromide of Potassium 360 grains, Bromide of Ammonium 360 
 grains, Iodide of Potassium 180 grains, Iodide of Ammonium 180 grains, 
 Carbonate of Ammonium 120 grains, Tincture of Columba 3 fl.ounces, 
 Water sufficient to make a pint. Dose, 1 ]/ 2 teaspoonful before meals, 3 tea- 
 spoonfuls at bed-time. 
 
 2164. Fothergill's Asthma Mixture.— Iodide of Ammonium 240 grains, 
 Bromide of Ammonium 360 grains, Syrup of Tolu 6 fl.ounces, Tincture of 
 Lobelia 10 fl.ounces. Mix and dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 2165. Hoffmann's Balsamic Mixture — Mixtura Oleoso-Balsamzca, G. P. 
 — Hoffmann s Balsam of Life. — Oil of Lavender, Oil of Cloves, Oil of 
 Cinnamon, Oil of Thyme, Oil of Lemon, Oil of Mace, Oil of Orange Flow- 
 ers, each 1 part, Balsam of Peru 3 parts, Alcohol 240 parts. Mix them and 
 set the mixture aside for several days in a cool place, shaking occasionally, 
 then filter. 
 
 2166. Hope's Camphor Mixture. — Tincture of Opium 80 minims, 
 Nitrous Acid 120 minims, Camphor Water a pint. Dose, a tablespoonful 
 every two hours, for dysentery. 
 
 2167. Paris' Carminative Mixture. — Calcined Magnesia y 2 ounce av., 
 Peppermint Water 2^ fl.ounces, Compound Tincture of Lavender ]/ z fl.ounce, 
 Spirit of Caraway 4 fl.ounces, Syrup of Ginger 2 fl.ounces. Mix. Dose, 2 
 to 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 2168. Richard's Chalk Mixture. — Precipitated Chalk 480 grains, Sugar 
 410 grains, Tincture of Opium 1 fl. drachm, Spirit of Cinnamon 15 minims. 
 Compound Tincture of Lavender 1 fl.ounce, Tincture of Kino 1 fl.ounce, 
 Water 3 fl.ounces. Mix them. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 2169. Jackson's Cholera Mixture.— Spirit of Lavender Compound 2 
 fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, Spirit 
 of Ether Compound 1 fl.ounce. Mix them. The dose is ]/ z to a teaspoonful. 
 
 2170. Jackson's Cough Mixture or Syrup. — Sassafras Pith 60 grains, 
 Gum Arabic 1 ounce av., White Sugar 28 ounces av., Muriate of Morphine 
 8 grains, Water 1 pint, or sufficient. Put the Sassafras Pith and Gum Arabic 
 in the Water and let stand 12 hours, with frequent stirring, then strain, and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by stirring. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 2171. Sparkman's Cholera Mixture. — Camphor 1 drachm, Kino 2 
 ounces, Catechu y 2 ounce. Powdered Cinnamon 2 ounces. Powdered Cloves 
 1 ounce, Powdered Capsicum 2 ounces, Brandy 1 l / 2 pint, Tincture Opium i l / 2 
 
MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 629 
 
 fl.ounces, Chloroform i fl.ounce. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, 
 y z to i teaspoonful. 
 
 2172. Sun Cholera Mixture.— Tincture of Opium, Tincture of Capsicum, 
 Tincture of Rhubarb, Spirit of Camphor, Spirit of Peppermint, each 1 
 fl.ounce. Mix them. The dose is a teaspoonful in water. 
 
 2173. Chapman's Copaiba Mixture. — Copaiba 4 fl.ounces, Acacia, pow- 
 dered, 120 grains, Sugar 60 grains, Spirit of Nitrous Ether 4 fl.ounces, Com- 
 pound Tincture of Lavender 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Opium 1 fl. drachm, 
 distilled Water 4 fl.ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
 
 2174. Alkaline Copaiba Mixture. — Copaiba 4 fl.drachms, Acacia 240 
 grains, Sugar 240 grains, Solution of Potassa 4 fl.drachms, Spearmint Water 
 sufficient to make 8 fl.ounces. Mix the Copaiba and Solution of Potassa and 
 rub with the Water Acacia, etc. 
 
 2175. Copaiba, Santal, and Cubeb Mixture — Nesbit's Specific. — Oil 
 of Santal 5 fl.drachms, Oil of Copaiba 4 fl.drachms, Oil of Cubeb 4 
 fi. drachms, Oil of Pimenta 1 fl. drachm, Oil of Cassia 1 fl. drachm, Alcohol 
 sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Mix and dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful in 
 water or syrup. 
 
 2176. Pancoast's Cough Mixture.— Wild Cherry Bark 240 grains, Sen- 
 ega 240 grains, Ipecac 1 20 grains, Extract of Conium 1 5 grains, Compound 
 Tincture of Cardamom 1 fl.ounce, Compound Spirit of Juniper 1 fl.ounce, 
 Water sufficient to make 10 fl.ounces. Percolate the Bark and Roots with 
 sufficient Water to make 8 fl.ounces. Rub the Extract of Conium with the 
 percolate and add the other ingredients. The dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 2177. Gould's Diarrhoea Mixture. — Compound Tincture of Rhubarb 1 
 fl.ounce, Tincture of Opium 4 fl.drachms, Spirit of Camphor 2 fl.drachms, 
 Water of Ammonia 1 fl.drachm, Oil of Peppermint 30 minims. Mix them. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful in hot sweetened water. 
 
 2178. Squibb's Diarrhoea Mixture — Compound Tincture of Opium. — 
 Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, Tincture of Capsicum 1 fl.ounce, Spirit of 
 Camphor 1 fl.ounce, Purified Chloroform 3 fl.drachms, Alcohol sufficient to 
 make 5 fl.ounces. Mix them. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2179. Velpeau's Diarrhoea Mixture.— Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, 
 Tincture of Rhubarb 1 fl.ounce, Camphorated Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, 
 Spirit of Peppermint \% fl.ounce, Tincture of Capsicum ^ fl.ounce. Mix 
 them. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2180. Laville's Gout Mixture.— Sulphate of Quinine 30 grains, Sulphate 
 Cinchonine 22 grains, Extract of Colocynth 195 grains, Diluted Alcohol 3 
 fl.ounces, Red Wine sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Mix them and dissolve. 
 The dose is a tablespoonful. 
 
 2181. Tully's Iron and Conium Mixture. — Subcarbonate of Iron 600 
 grains, Extract of Conium 300 grains, Sugar 8 ounces, Oil of Cassia 18 
 
630 MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 
 
 minims, Oil of Gaultheria 20 minims, Compound Tincture of Cinnamon 2 
 fl. ounces, Tincture of Tolu 4 fl. drachms, Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 Mix them. 
 
 2182. Gadberry's Spleen Mixture. — Nitrate of Potassium 300 grains, 
 Sulphate of Quinine 65 grains, Sulphate of Iron 65 grains, Nitric Acid 65 
 minims, Water sufficient to make a pint. Mix them and dissolve. Dose, a 
 tablespoonful 3 times a day. 
 
 2183. Townsend's Mixture — (New-York Hospital). — Red Iodide of Mer- 
 cury 1 grain, Iodide of Potassium 300 grains, Syrup of Orange Peel 2 
 fl. ounces, Compound Tincture of Cardamom 2 fl. drachms, Water sufficient 
 to make 4 fl.ounces. Dose, 1 to 4 teaspoonsful for Syphilis. 
 
 MUCILAGINES— MUCILAGES. 
 
 Mucilages, as they are understood in pharmacy, are thick 
 viscid liquids, prepared by dissolving gums or other vegetable 
 substances, containing mucilage, in water, either cold or by the 
 aid of heat. They are used in medicine chiefly for suspending 
 more active medicinal substances, for soothing irritated internal 
 or external surfaces and for their local action as palliatives. 
 
 In pharmacy they are used for making pill masses, troches, 
 emulsions, mixtures, etc. 
 
 The gum mucilages are also extensively used as adhesives 
 for labels, papers, etc., and some of the other mucilages are 
 employed as a base for toilet preparations, such as bandoline, 
 fragrant cream, etc. 
 
 The Mucilages official in the U.S., Br. and German Pharma- 
 copoeias are as follows : 
 
 2184. Mucilago Acacia. 
 
 Mucilage of Acacia. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : Acacia in small fragments, 34 parts 
 or 4 ounces av., Water, sufficient to make 100 parts or 9 
 fl.ounces. Wash the Acacia with cold water, then add to it 
 66 parts or 7^ fl.ounces of Water, and agitate occasionally 
 until it is dissolved, and strain. 
 
MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 631 
 
 The Br. P. directs Acacia 4 ounces, and Distilled Water 6 
 fl. ounces. The G. P. directs 1 part of the Gum to 2 parts of 
 Water. 
 
 In making Mucilage of Acacia for medicinal use the best 
 quality of Gum Arabic should be selected ; for making " Mucil- 
 age " for adhesive purposes inferior Gum is used. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy Acacia Mucilage is used for making 
 emulsions, many masses, mixtures and compounds. In medi- 
 cine it is employed as a vehicle for suspending powders and 
 other kinds of medicine. 
 
 2185. Mucilago Amyli. Br. 
 
 Mucilage of Starch. 
 
 Starch, 120 grains or 24 parts. 
 
 Distilled Water, .... 10 fl. ounces or 875 fl. parts. 
 
 Triturate the Starch, with the Water gradually added ; then 
 boil for a few minutes, constantly stirring. 
 
 Uses. — This is a bland Mucilage, which maybe used for the 
 administration of irritating medicines. 
 
 2186. Mucilago Cydonii. U. S. 
 
 Mucilage of Cydonium or Quince. 
 
 Cydonium (Quince Seed), . . 2 parts or 72 grains. 
 Distilled Water, 100 parts or 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Cydonium for half an hour in a covered vessel 
 will) the Distilled Water, agitating frequently, then drain the 
 liquid through muslin without pressure. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this Mucilage is frequently used as a 
 bland vehicle for the administration or application of other 
 medicines, for which it is well fitted, especially for applications 
 to the eye. Made with double the quantity of the Seeds and 
 longer maceration it forms an admirable base for several pop- 
 ular toilet preparations, as fragrant cream, bandoline, etc., 
 which see. 
 
632 MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 
 
 2187. Mucilago Salep. G. P. 
 
 Mucilage of Salep. 
 
 Salep, in fine powder, I part. 
 
 Water, 100 parts. 
 
 Shake the Salep with 10 parts of cold Water, and add 90 
 parts of boiling Water, mixing them well together. This is 
 similar to Starch Mucilage. 
 
 2188. Mucilago Sassafras Medullae. U. S. 
 
 Mucilage of Sassaf?-as Pith. 
 
 Sassafras Pith 2 parts or 72 grains. 
 
 Water, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for three hours and strain. 
 
 Uses. — This Mucilage has the flavor of Sassafras, and is 
 used chiefly in cough mixtures. 
 
 2189. Mucilago Tragacanthae. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Tragacanth, 6 parts or 190 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 18 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water sufficient to make . 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with j6 parts or $y 2 fl. ounces of Water; 
 heat the mixture to boiling, add the Tragacanth and let it 
 macerate for 24 hours, stirring occasionally; then add enough 
 Water to make 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces; beat it to a uniform 
 consistence and strain forcibly through muslin. 
 
 The Br. formula is Tragacanth, in powder, 60 grains, dis- 
 tilled Water 10 fl. ounces, rectified Spirit 2 fl. drachms. Mix 
 the Tragacanth with the Spirit, then pour in the Water with 
 constant agitation. 
 
 Uses. — Tragacanth Mucilage is used chiefly as an excipient 
 for pills and to mix with troches and other substances required 
 to be made into a mass. It is also employed as an adhesive 
 for labels, etc. 
 
NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 633 
 
 2190. Mucilago Ulmi. U. S. 
 
 Elm, sliced and dried, . . 6 parts or 216 grains. 
 Boiling Water, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel and strain. 
 
 Uses. — Elm Mucilage is a favorite domestic remedy for 
 coughs and irritation of the throat, taken as a drink ad libitum. 
 
 Other Mucilages. 
 
 Mucilages are sometimes made from other mucilaginous sub- 
 stances, the principal ones being as follows: 
 
 2191. Mucilage of Fenugreek. — Digest 1 part of Fenugreek Seed in 10 
 parts of Water for 12 hours, then boil and strain. 
 
 2192. Mucilage of Linseed. — Digest 1 part of Linseed (Flaxseed) in 6 
 parts of warm Water for 6 hours, stirring occasionally, and strain. 
 
 2193. Mucilage of Liquorice. — Pour 6 parts of boiling Water on 1 part 
 of Liquorice Root, cut in fine pieces, and, after a few hours, strain. 
 
 2194. Mucilage of Marsh Mallow. — Make in the same proportion and 
 manner as the preceding. 
 
 NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 
 
 Symbol, Ni ; Atomic weight, 38 ; Sp. gr., 8.9. 
 
 Nickel is a metal classed chemically with cobalt and tin, 
 obtained from ores found in different parts of the world by 
 fusing them and separating the Nickel by various means. It 
 is hard, white, malleable and magnetic, resembling silver, but 
 harder, being therefore better adapted for plating, for which it 
 is extensively used. It forms alloys with copper and zinc, 
 known as German Silver, Albata, etc. (482), which are much 
 employed as a basis for silver-plated ware. It is also used as a 
 coin of small denomination, in the United States. Its salts 
 are not used in medicine, but some of them are extensively 
 used in silver-plating solutions. 
 
634 NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 
 
 The following are the principal salts of Nickel: 
 
 2195. Acetate of Nickel — Ni(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .— By adding Carbonate of 
 Nickel to Acetic Acid until neutralized, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2196. Bromide of Nickel— NiBr- —By neutralizing Hydrobromic Acid 
 with Carbonate of Nickel, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 2197. Carbonate of Nickel — NiC0 3 . — This may be made by adding 
 Carbonate of Sodium to a solution of Chloride of Nickel and collecting the 
 precipitate, or by heating Chloride of Nickel with Carbonate of Sodium in 
 sealed tubes. 
 
 2198. Chloride of Nickel— NiCl„. — By neutralizing Hydrochloric Acid 
 with Carbonate of Nickel, concentrating and crystallizing, or by heating 
 Nickel filings to low redness in a current of Chlorine. Double Chlorides of 
 Nickel with Ammonium, Potassium or Sodium, may be made by combining 
 solution of Chloride of Nickel with Solution of Chlorides of the substances 
 named. 
 
 2199. Cyanide of Nickel — NiCN 3 . — By adding a solution of Cyanide 
 of Potassium to a solution of any Nickel Salt in slight excess and collecting 
 the precipitate. 
 
 2200. Hydrate of Nickel — Ni (HO) 2 .— By precipitating a solution of any 
 soluble Salt of Nickel with Caustic Potassa. This may be dissolved in Acids 
 for making any of the Soluble Nickel Salts. 
 
 2101. Oxides of Nickel. — With Oxygen Nickel forms two oxides, the 
 Monoxide, NiO, being of an olive-green color, and the Sesquioxide, Ni 2 3 , 
 a black powder. 
 
 2202. Sulphate of Nickel — NiS0 4 . — By dissolving Carbonate or Oxide 
 of Nickel in Sulphuric Acid diluted with water, concentrating and crystal- 
 lizing. This salt is obtained in pale-green crystals, and is much used for 
 nickel-plating. 
 
 Double Sulphates of Nickel with Ammonium, Potassium and Sodium, 
 may be made by mixing a solution of Sulphate of Nickel with a solution of 
 the Sulphates of the other substances. The Double Salts of Nickel, as they 
 are called, are much used for nickel-plating. 
 
 NITROGENIUM— NITROGEN. 
 
 Symbol, N. ; Atomic weight, 14; Sp.gr. 0.97. 
 
 Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gaseous element, 
 discovered in 1722 by Rutherford, and found to be a constitu- 
 ent of the atmosphere (of which it forms about four-fifths), by 
 
NITROGENIUM — NITROGEN. 635 
 
 Lavoisier, in 1755. It is also called Azote. It is an essential 
 part of nearly all animal matter, and enters largely into the 
 composition of vegetable substances, and in the form of salts 
 forms an important portion of alluvial soils. In the atmos- 
 phere it serves the purpose of diluting the oxygen. In a free 
 gaseous state its qualities are neutral and negative, but com- 
 bined with other elements it forms very energetic compounds. 
 With hydrogen only one combination is known — Ammonia, 
 NH 3 — from which are derived a great number of valuable 
 substances ; with carbon it forms Cyanogen, CN, the basis of 
 a class of poisonous salts. Its combinations with oxygen are 
 of the greatest importance, forming acids which unite with 
 bases to produce Nitrites and Nitrates. It is also an essential 
 constituent of all alkaloids, and many other principles of plants. 
 Nitrogen is most readily obtained by boiling a solution of 
 Nitrate of Ammonia and collecting the vapor, which consists 
 of water and nitrogen gas. 
 
 Oxides of Nitrogen. 
 
 With Oxygen, Nitrogen forms 5 distinct compounds, which are as follows : 
 
 2203. Nitrous Oxide or Laughing Gas — Monoxide of Nitrogen — N 2 0. 
 — This is made by heating fused Nitrate of Ammonium, free from Chloride, 
 in a glass retort, to about 200 C. (392 F.), and gradually increasing the heat 
 as the decomposition proceeds. The salt is decomposed into water and 
 nitrous oxide, the gas is washed by passing through warm water. This is 
 the popular exhilarant known as Laughing Gas, or Hyponitrons Oxide, which 
 is inhaled before drawing teeth or other minor surgical operations. 
 
 2204. Nitric Oxide — Dentoxide or Binoxide of Nitrogen — NO.— This 
 is most readily obtained by pouring Nitric Acid on copper shavings in a retort, 
 effervescence ensues, and the arising gas, Nitric Oxide, is collected. 
 
 2205. Nitrous Anhydride — Trioxide of Nitrogen — N 2 3 . — By heat- 
 ing Starch in powder, 1 part with Nitric Acid, sp. gr. 1.25, 8 parts, in a retort, 
 and ( ollecting the evolved gas, which must be passed through a long drying- 
 tube containing Chloride of Calcium, etc., and then condensed by cold to a 
 blue liquid. 
 
 2206. Nitrogen Pentoxide or Nitric Anhydride — N 2 5 . — The process 
 for making this substance is difficult and tedious. It is obtained in colorless 
 crystals, which melt at 86°F., and boil at 1 i$°F. 
 
 2207. Nitrogen Peroxide or Nitric Peroxide — N„0 4 . — This may be 
 obtained by heating dried Nitrate of Lead in a retort and condensing the gas 
 
636 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 which is evolved, by cold. In the absence of any moisture it crystallizes in 
 clear transparent crystals, but if any moisture be present it forms a liquid. 
 
 Nitrogen also combines with Chlorine and Iodine, forming explosive com- 
 pounds, with Glycerin forming Nitro-Glycerin, with Benzol forming Nilro- 
 Benzol, etc. 
 
 Acids of Nitrogen. 
 
 By absorbing or uniting with the elements of water, the two Anhydrides of 
 Nitrogen form Acids as follows : 
 
 2208. Nitrous Acid — HN0 2 . — This is a solution of Nitrous Anhydride, 
 N 2 3 . in water. The commercial Nitrous Acid, which is usually dispensed 
 for this is a reddish acid containing Nitric Acid with Nitrogen Tetroxide, 
 N 2 4 . The fumes which arise when Nitric Acid is boiled are principally 
 Nitrous Acid. Nitrous Acid combines with bases forming Nitrites, and is 
 sometimes employed in medicine for external use chiefly. 
 
 2209. Nitric Acid — HNO3. — This Acid is formed by the addition of the 
 elements of water to Nitric Anhydride or Nitric Oxide, N 2 5 +H 2 0=(HN0 3 ) 2 . 
 The U. S. P. describes it as a liquid compound of 69.4 per cent, of Absolute 
 Nitric Acid and 30.6 per cent, of Water. This description corresponds to 
 the C. P. or 43 Nitric Acid. Commercial Nitric Acid is known as 38 Acid, 
 and contains more or less acids of lower oxidation. It is also known as aqua 
 
 fortis, and is used to combine with bases forming Nitrates, and in medicine 
 largely diluted as a tonic and astringent. (See page 62.) 
 
 Nitric Acid is the commercial bases of the Nitrates, and is made by dis- 
 tilling Nitrate of Sodium or Potassium with concentrated Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Fuming Nitric Acid, or Nitroso-Nitric Acid, is Nitric Acid containing a 
 considerable amount of Hyponitric Acid. Commercial Nitrous Acid is a 
 weak preparation of this composition. 
 
 Aqua Regia is a mixture of 3 parts of Nitric Acid with 4 parts of Hydro- 
 chloric Acid. It is a solvent for gold. 
 
 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 Under this heading is classed a great variety of substances 
 ranging from liquids to solids, and obtained from the mineral, 
 animal, and vegetable kingdoms. They are very properly 
 divided pharmaceutically into Fixed Oils, which are obtained 
 by expression from fatty bodies, and Volatile Oils, which are 
 mainly obtained by distillation, and these again may be 
 arranged in several groups according to their characteristics, 
 
OLEA — OILS. 637 
 
 manner of making, etc. To these classes may be added the 
 Mineral Oils, which, though not officially recognized, are con- 
 siderably used in pharmacy, and many Mixed and Medicated 
 Oils, which have their uses in the art. 
 
 Fixed Oils. 
 
 Fixed Oils are fatty bodies either liquid or solid, obtained, 
 usually by expression, from vegetable or animal substances of 
 a fatty nature. They differ from Volatile Oils by having a 
 greasy feeling to the touch, while Volatile Oils do not, and by 
 leaving a permanent oily spot on paper, while Volatile Oils do 
 not. Volatile Oils are also vaporized by a degree of heat 
 which will boil water, while the Fixed Oils remain unchanged. 
 
 In the arts, the Fixed Oils, both of vegetable and animal 
 origin, are extensively used for many industrial purposes, but 
 in pharmacy no animal oils, except lard oil and cod liver oil, 
 are officially recognized. 
 
 The Fixed Oils and fats are, chemically, oxides of glyceryl 
 or compound ethers, produced by the union of the fatty acids 
 peculiar to each substance with glycerin (glyceric alcohol). 
 They consist generally of the neutral principles, Oleiu, C 3 H 5 
 (C 18 H 33 2 )3, which is liquid, combined with Pahnatin or 
 Stcarin, which, when separate, are solids at ordinary tempera- 
 tures, but when combined with Olein are soluble in it at ordinary 
 temperatures, but are congealed at lower temperatures, making 
 many of the Fixed Oils solid in winter and fluid in summer. 
 Margarin is considered a mixture of Stearin with other like 
 principles. These neutral principles may be decomposed into 
 Glycerin and Oleic Acid, C 18 H 34 2 , Stearic Acid, C 18 H 30 O 2 , 
 and Palmetic Acid, < ! 16 H 82 8 . 
 
 Fixed Oils are obtained by pressing the fatty substances, 
 either with or without the aid of heat, in strong layer presses, 
 by which the oily liquids are separated from the more solid 
 fatty matters, or from the solid constituents of seeds, etc. 
 Some of the Fixed Oils (especially flaxseed oil) arc also 
 obtained by solution in naphtha, which is afterwards evapo- 
 rated, leaving the Fixed Oil. 
 
638 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 The following are the Fixed Oils official in the U. S., Br., 
 and German Pharmacopoeias : 
 
 2210. Oleum Adipis— Lard Oil. — A Fixed Oil obtained by expression 
 from lard at a low temperature. This is known on the market as summer- 
 strained and winter-strained Lard Oil, the winter-strained being pressed at a 
 much lower temperature and therefore remaining fluid at lower temperatures 
 than the former. Lard Oil is used as a lubricant and in pharmacy for making 
 citrine ointment, hair oil, etc. 
 
 221 1. Oleum Amygdalae Expressum — Expressed Almond Oil. — A Fixed 
 Oil expressed from sweet or bitter Almond. The Almonds are deprived of 
 the colored powder adhering to them, by rubbing together, or are blanched, 
 then ground in a mill and the meal enclosed in strong linen bags and pressed 
 between warmed iron plates. The yield is 35 to 40 per cent. The sp. gr. 
 0.915 to 0.920. Used for making rose-water ointment and whenever a fine 
 bland Oil is required. 
 
 2212. Oleum Cocos. G. P. — Coco-Nut Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
 from the seed-kernels of Coca Nucifera, having a white color and the con- 
 sistence of butter. This is considerably used as a lubricant and emollient. 
 It has the odor of coconut. 
 
 2213. Oleum Gossypii Seminis — Cotton Seed Oil, U. S. — A Fixed Oil 
 expressed from the seed of Gossypium herbaceum and subsequently purified. 
 The kernels of Cotton Seed are separated from their testa, ground, and the 
 oil expressed by powerful pressure. It is then purified by treating and filter- 
 ing, and put upon the market under various names, and for various purposes. 
 The ordinary Cotton Seed Oil is largely used to adulterate Linseed Oil and 
 Olive Oil, and is sold as cheap Paint Oil and Sweet Oil. The finer grades 
 are known as Salad Oil, Union Salad Oil, etc. Although directed for making 
 several liniments, etc., in the U. S. P., it has not proven very satisfactory. It 
 is considerably used as a base for hair oil. 
 
 2214. Oleum Lauri — Expressed Oil of Laurel, G. P. — An oil expressed 
 from the fruit of Laurus Nobilis, of the consistence of lard, and consisting 
 both of fixed and volatile oils. It is dark-green and aromatic. 
 
 2215. Oleum Lini — Flaxseed Oil, Linseed Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
 from flaxseed without the use of heat. This Oil is now mostly made by 
 treating or percolating the ground flaxseed with naphtha, and then distilling 
 off the naphtha, the Linseed Oil being left in the boiler of the still and subse- 
 quently purified. Linseed Oil is extensively used for painting and other 
 industrial purposes, and in pharmacy for making liniments, etc., and inter- 
 nally as a laxative. 
 
 2216. Oleum Morrhuse — Cod Liver Oil. — A Fixed Oil obtained from 
 the fresh livers of Gadus Morrkua, or other species of Gadus. This Oil is 
 prepared in the cod-fishing districts by heating the fresh livers in a wooden 
 
OLEA — OILS. 
 
 tank by means of steam. The oils and other matters are drained off and 
 separated by standing, and the Oil filtered, then cooled or frozen that it may 
 deposit the heavier fats, then pressed in linen bags to obtain the pure light 
 oil. Cod Liver Oil is extensively used in medicine, plain and combined in 
 many ways. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. This is often 
 prescribed by the name Oleum Jacoris Aselli, its German-Latin title. 
 
 2217. Oleum Myristicae Expressum — Expressed Oil of Nutmeg. Br. 
 — A concrete Oil obtained by means of expression and heat from Nutmeg. 
 This is of the consistence of lard and is called Myristica Adeps, also Butter 
 of Nutmeg. The German-Latin title is Oleum Nucistce. It is used as a 
 vehicle for other medicines. 
 
 2218. Oleum Olive — Olive Oil.- — A Fixed Oil expressed from the ripe 
 fruit of Olea Europoea. This Oil has been extensively used in pharmacy in 
 all countries, and is an important article of commerce. The finer grades, 
 which are obtained from the first expression of choice fruit, are called Virgin 
 Oil ; the cheaper grades are made after the Virgin Oil has been expressed by 
 heating the cake with boiling water and strong expression. Imported Salad 
 Oil is a fine quality of Olive Oil. In pharmacy it is used in liniments, plas- 
 ters, and ointments, and for many other purposes. The color of Olive Oil is 
 from a light straw to a greenish yellow. It sp. gr. is about 0.917. 
 
 2219. Oleum Papaveris — Poppy Oil. G. P. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
 from the seeds of Papaver somniferum. This is a very bland Oil, free 
 from irritating qualities and albuminous matter. It is sometimes employed 
 in medicine and is used for fine painting and to oil watches, etc. It is fre- 
 quently sold as Watchmakers' Oil. 
 
 2220. Oleum Rapae— Oil of Rape Seed. G. P.— A Fixed Oil obtained 
 by expression from the seeds of the cultivated varieties of Brassica or Rape. 
 This is a bland Oil, used for the same purposes as Oil of Cotton Seed or 
 Mustard. 
 
 2221. Oleum Ricini — Castor Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed from the seed 
 of Ricinus Communis. The seeds or beans of the Castor Oil plant are 
 crushed and subjected to powerful pressure, and then purified by heating 
 with water to remove albuminous matter. The clear Oil is then filtered and 
 constitutes the cold-pressed Castor Oil of Commerce. An inferior quality is 
 made by pressing the cake between heated plates. Castor Oil is a well- 
 known cathartic in doses of a teaspoonful to a II. ounce. It is much more 
 effective in the form of an emulsion. It mixes with alcohol in all proportions 
 and is considerably used as a base for hair oil, mixed 2 parts of Oil with 
 1 part of alcohol. 
 
 2222. Oleum Sesami — Oil of Sesamum — Oil of Bcnntf. U. S. — A 
 Fixed Oil expressed from the seeds of Sesamum Indicum. This is a bland, 
 odorless Oil, similar to Oil of Almond or Olive Oil, and may be used for sim- 
 ilar purposes. It is highly esteemed as a base for hair oil. 
 
640 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 2223. Oleum Sinipis Expressum — Expressed Oil of Mustard. — A 
 Fixed Oil obtained by expression from the seeds of Sinapis alba or nigra. 
 This Oil very much resembles Cotton Seed Oil. It is made chiefly in Califor- 
 nia, and is used as a base for hair oil and other similar purposes. 
 
 2224. Oleum Theobromae — Oil of Theobroma, Butter of Cacao. — A 
 Fixed Oil expressed from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao. This Oil resem- 
 bles tallow, and is made by pressing the kernels or nibs of the chocolate nut 
 between hot iron plates and running the Oil into moulds. It is used in phar- 
 macy for making suppositories, for which it is best adapted of any substance 
 having a low melting point (86° to 95 F.), and a firm consistence when cold. 
 It is sometimes used in ointments, and is a favorite requisite for the toilet for 
 rubbing over the face, hands, lips, etc. 
 
 2225. Oleum Tiglii, U. S. Oleum Crotonis, Br. P. and G. P.— A Fixed 
 
 Oil expressed from the seed of Croton Tiglium. This Oil is employed 
 externally as a rubefacient and vesicant. Internally it is a powerful purgative 
 in doses of 1 drop. It is sometimes combined in pills, but seldom given in 
 any other form on account of its irritating effect. 
 
 The following are official formulae for preparations contain- 
 ing a Fixed Oil as a solvent of medicinal agents. For Oleum 
 Sulphuratum, see page 186. 
 
 2226. Oleum Cantharidatum — Cantharides Oil. G. P. — Cantharides 3 
 parts, Oil of Rape Seed 10 parts. Digest for 10 hours on a steam-bath, 
 express and filter. This is applied as a vesicant and rubefacient. 
 
 2227. Oleum Hyoscyami —Hyoscyamus Liniment. G. P. — Hyoscyamus, 
 cut, 4 parts, Alcohol 3 parts. Macerate for a few hours, then add Olive Oil 
 40 parts, and digest on a steam-bath, stirring occasionally, until the Alcohol 
 is evaporated. Finally, express and strain. This is used as a sedative sooth- 
 ing application. Other medicated Oils prepared in a similar manner are 
 classed as Olea Cocta. Either green or dried plants are used, and they 
 may be prepared either with or without alcohol to aid in extracting the prop- 
 erties of the drugs. Oil of Belladonna, Capsicum, Colocynth, Elder leaves, 
 also called Green Oil or Oil of Swallows, Digitalis, Conium, etc., are made as 
 above. 
 
 2227. Oleum Phosphoratum — Phosphorated Oil. — The U. S. formula is : 
 Phosphorus 1 part, Stronger Ether 9 parts, expressed Oil of Almond sufficient 
 to make 100 parts. Introduce a sufficient quantity of the Almond Oil into a 
 flask, heat it on a sand-bath to 250 C. (482 F.) and keep it at that tempera- 
 ture for 1 5 minutes, then allow to cool and filter it. Put 90 parts of the fil- 
 tered Oil together with the Phosphorus, previously well dried by blotting 
 paper, into a dry bottle capable of holding somewhat more than 100 parts, 
 insert the stopper and heat the bottle in a water-bath until the Phosphorus 
 melts, agitate it until the Phosphorus is dissolved and allow it to cool, then 
 add the Ether. 
 
OLEA — OILS. 641 
 
 The Br. formula directs 16 grains of Phosphorus to be dissolved in 4 
 fl. ounces of Oil of Almonds, in a similar manner, but Ether is not used. 
 
 Phosphorated Oil contains 1 per cent, of Phosphorus, and is given in doses 
 of 3 to 5 minims, usually in the form of an emulsion. 
 
 Other Fixed Oils. 
 
 Besides the official Fixed Oils which have been mentioned, 
 quite a number which have no official recognition are used in 
 pharmacy. The following are the most important: 
 
 Animal Oils. 
 
 2228. Oleum Animale ^Ethereum — Dippel's Animal Oil. — This was 
 formerly official in the P. G. It is obtained by dry distillation from bones and 
 animal substances, and is known as bone oil. It has a very fetid odor, which 
 is removed by rectifying, the purified oil being used in smelling salts, etc. 
 
 2229. Bear's Oil or Bears Grease. — This is obtained by "trying out" 
 the internal fat of the bear. It resembles lard, and is much esteemed as a 
 base for hair pomade, a popular article of this kind being known as " Ursina." 
 Goose Oil, Hen's Oil, Rattlesnake Oil, Skunk Oil, and Woodchuck Oil, are 
 all made in a similar manner, and are used in domestic medicine externally 
 for swellings, rheumatism, etc., and sometimes internally for croup, etc. 
 
 Angleworm Oil. — This may be made by putting a quantity of Angleworms 
 in a bottle, covering them with Olive Oil and keeping them exposed to sun- 
 shine for several days until a sediment has separated. The Oil is then 
 decanted and filtered or strained. This may also be made by "trying out" 
 the Oil by heat. It is a domestic remedy for rheumatism, stiff joints, etc. 
 
 Lanolin is a fatty Oil obtained from the washings of wool, and now con- 
 siderably used as an ointment base. It is more readily absorbed than other 
 fats. It is also known by other names, as Oleum Lanae, Agnine, etc. 
 
 2230. Neatsfoot Oil.— This is made by boiling the feet of cattle, deprived 
 of their hoofs, in water and removing the Oil which rises to the surface, and 
 after it has stood sometime in warm water straining it. This is used for 
 softening leather, for stiff joints, etc., and in some liniments. 
 
 2231. Sperm Oil.— This is obtained from cavities in the head of the Sperm 
 and is the source of Spermaceti. Sperm Oil when purified is exten- 
 sively used as a lubricating oil for tine machinery. It constitutes the best 
 
 Machine Oil. It is best purified by heating to coagulate any albu- 
 minous matter, then filtering, and then chilling with ire and pressing out in 
 linen bags. 
 
 2232. Whale Oil.— An Oil obtained by "trying out" the " blubber " of 
 the Whale. It is chiefly used f< r. Many other Fish Oils 
 
642 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 are used for similar purposes, as Menhaden Oil, Porpoise Oil, Seal Oil, 
 Shark Oil, Walrus Oil, etc. Dugong Oil and Eulachon Oil have been 
 proposed as substitutes for Cod Liver Oil, but are not used in this country. 
 
 Vegetable Oils. 
 
 2233. Nut Oils. — These are prepared, as a rule, by grinding- the kernel or 
 ' meat " of the nuts to a coarse meal and expressing- the Oil, either by cold 
 expression or between heated iron plates. The Oils from nuts are generally 
 bland and have an odor somewhat resembling the nuts from which they are 
 obtained. 
 
 Beech-Nut Oil, Brazil-Nut Oil. Ground-Nut Oil, Hazle-Nut Oil, Hickory- 
 Nut Oil, Walnut Oil, Peach-Pit Oil, and other similar Oils are obtained in 
 this manner. Coco-Nut Oil, Candle-Nut Oil, Bayberry Oil, and other solid 
 Oils are obtained by boiling the nuts or fruit in water, expressing while hot, 
 and collecting the oil when cold from the surface. 
 
 2234. Oils from Seeds.— The Oils from seeds are prepared either by 
 expression or by percolating the ground seeds with Naphtha, Ether, or some 
 other solvent of the Oils and then evaporating the light substance by distilla- 
 tion, leaving the Oil in the boiler of the still, the latter process being usually 
 preferred as it insures a larger yield of the Oil at a less expense. The fol- 
 lowing unofficial Oils are made in this manner : 
 
 Oil of Cardamom, Oil of Melon Seed, 
 
 Chaulmoogra, " Niker Seed, 
 
 Cucumber Seed, " Pumpkin Seed, 
 
 Ergot, " Stramonium Seed, 
 
 Hemp, " Sunflower Seed, 
 
 Hyoscyamus Seed, " Tonka. 
 Larkspur Seed, 
 
 2235. Oils from Fruit. — The Oils from fruit are usually obtained by 
 making the fruit into a pulp and steeping in water, then pressing and collect- 
 ing the Oil which rises to the surface, Palm Oil is the most used of any 
 unofficial Oil of this kind, large quantities being consumed in the manufac- 
 ture of soap. Mangosteen Oil, Behn Oil and Tucum Oil are sometimes 
 used. 
 
 Volatile Oils. 
 
 Volatile Oils are obtained from plants mainly by the process 
 of distillation. They consist generally of the odorous princi- 
 ples of the plants from which they are obtained, and are there- 
 fore called Essential Oils. The term Otto instead of Oil is 
 used in perfumery to designate the Essential Oils, as being 
 less liable to mislead when there are Fixed and Essential Oils 
 from the same substance. 
 
OLEA — OILS. 643 
 
 The Volatile Oils are divided chemically into several 
 classes : 
 
 Hydrocarbons or Terpenes, which consist of carbon and 
 hydrogen (usually C 10 H 16 ), of which Oil of Turpentine is the 
 type. 
 
 Oxygenated Oils, which contain oxygen combined with the 
 hydrocarbon radical, and of which Cinnamon Oil is an example. 
 
 Sulphurated Oils, which contain Sulphur combined with a 
 hydrocarbon radical, of which Volatile Oil of Mustard is an 
 example. 
 
 Nitrogenized Oils, which contain Hydrocyanic Acid, or Ni- 
 trogen combined with a Hydrocarbon radical, of which Essen- 
 tial Oil of Almond and its associates are all that are known. 
 
 Many of the Volatile Oils which have chemically the same 
 composition are entirely different in odor and other character- 
 istics. For example, Oil of Turpentine, Oil of Orange, Oil of 
 Lemon, and Oil of Bergamot, are all terpenes, having the 
 chemical formula C 10 H 1G , their difference consisting only in 
 the arrangement of the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms in the 
 molecule. 
 
 Volatile Oils consist generally of two parts, which volatilize 
 or congeal at different temperatures, as would a mixture of 
 alcohol and water. The lighter or more etherial portion may 
 be separated by distillation at a moderate temperature, and is 
 much more soluble than the heavier portion which remains 
 behind. By congealing or freezing many of the Oils a solid 
 matter is obtained, which is called Stearopten. This may be 
 collected and separated from the Oil by pressure. 
 
 The terpenes are designated by the termination <//,, as 
 thymene and the stearoptens by the termination ol, as thymol. 
 
 The methods employed for obtaining the Essential Oils of 
 plants are such as experience has shown to be best suited to 
 the nature of the substance from which the Oil is obtained and 
 
 haracter of the product required. 
 
 Distillation by Steam is the most approved method for 
 Obtaining the Volatile Oils of most plants. It consists in 
 forcing steam through the mass of green or partly dried plants 
 contained in a suitable chamber with a perforated bottom to 
 
644 
 
 properly distribute and admit the steam, and collecting the 
 vapor which rises in a suitable condenser, and afterward sepa- 
 rating the Oil from the surface of the water by means of 
 woolen blankets, or by dipping off into a separating funnel. 
 
 Distillation with Water. — Some Oils are volatilized at a tem- 
 perature lower than that of boiling water, and may be obtained 
 by heating in water to nearly its boiling point, and condensing 
 the vapor which rises. Most of the Volatile Oils may be 
 obtained by distilling the plants with water, but the yield is 
 not so large as by steam distillation. In distilling many of the 
 Oils with water, salt should be added to produce a higher de- 
 gree of heat, and thereby more completely volatize the heavier 
 portions of the Oil. Sufficient water should be added, as a 
 rule, to cover or nearly cover the substances from which the 
 Oil is to be distilled, and a false bottom or rack should be 
 used to keep the plants from burning on the bottom of the 
 boilers. 
 
 Distillation from Substances. — Pitch, tar, resins, the balsams, 
 gum-resins, and other substances are distilled without the aid 
 of water or steam by simply heating them in the boiler and 
 condensing the vapor which rises. Oil of Turpentine, Oil of 
 Copaiba, and Oil of Tar, are examples of this class. Petroleum 
 Oils are refined in this manner, and the volatile products of 
 coal and other substances are made by dry or destructive 
 distillation of the crude substances. 
 
 Mechanical Means. — The Citrine Oils, Orange, Lemon, and 
 Bergamot, are best obtained by pricking the rinds of the fruit 
 and thus liberating the Oil contained in the oil cells. This is 
 most conveniently done by means of the Ecuelle, which con- 
 sists of a large number of sharp-pointed nails arranged in a 
 shallow disc or cup. The fruit is rotated over these points, 
 thereby rupturing the oil cells and liberating the Oil, which is 
 collected in the ecuelle. These Oils, and also the Volatile 
 Oils of some other fruits and seeds, are also obtained by grind- 
 ing and expressing and subsequently separating the Oils from 
 the other liquid matter. These Oils may also be obtained by 
 distillation, but their flavor is thereby impaired. 
 
 Other Methods. — The foregoing methods of obtaining the Essential Oils 
 of plants are all that are generally employed, but some odorous principles of 
 
OLEA — OILS. 645 
 
 substances are so volatile, or so prone to decomposition, that they cannot be 
 obtained by the processes described. The fresh plants are therefore macer- 
 ated in some bland Oil. as Almond Oil, or digested by the aid of gentle heat 
 in the same, imparting to the bland Oil their odorous principles. These are 
 known as Fatty Oils, as Fatty Oil of Jasmine. When digested in deodor- 
 ized alcohol or cologne spirit in the same manner, or when the Oils thus per- 
 fumed are digested with cologne spirit, the product is known as Spiritous Oil. 
 The process of Enfleurage is also extensively employed for obtaining the 
 odorous principles of delicate flowers. It consists of spreading fresh flowers 
 on thin layers of purified lard or other fat and changing them as frequently 
 as their odor has been absorbed for fresh flowers of the same kind. The 
 products are called Flower Pomades, and are known as No. 24 or No. 30, 
 according to the number of times the flowers have been changed. These 
 pomades are used for making the Extracts or Extraits which are employed 
 in perfumes, their spiritous solutions being sometimes called Spiritous Oils. 
 
 The odors of flowers are sometimes obtained by percolating or macerating 
 with Bisulphide of Carbon or Ether and afterward distilling the percolate, 
 leaving the heavier odorous substances in the boiler. 
 
 Official Volatile Oils. 
 
 The following are the Volatile Oils official in the U. S., Br., 
 and German Pharmacopoeias. They are but a small portion 
 of the Essential Oils that are used, but are all that are used to 
 any extent in medicine : 
 
 2236. Oleum Amygdalae Amarae — Oil of Bitter Almond. — This is a 
 nitrogenized Volatile Oil obtained from bitter Almond by moistening with 
 water the cake left after expressing the Fixed Oil, and, after standing, distil- 
 ling by means of steam. The substance obtained is Benzyl-Aldehyd, which 
 is formed by the action of Emulsin on Amygdalin in the presence of water. 
 
 Nitrobenzol (293) or Oil of Myrbane has been extensively manufactured 
 as an artificial Oil of Bitter Almond, but only used for flavoring cheap soaps 
 and coarse products, but now an artificial benzyl-aldehyd, which is identi- 
 cal with Oil of Bitter Almond, is made by the action of chlorine upon toluol 
 (C 7 H 8 ), the benzyl-chloride which is formed is distilled with nitrate of lead 
 and water in an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas, and benzyl-aldehyd results. 
 
 Uses. — This Oil is used chiefly as a flavoring. It is sedative and poison- 
 ous except in very small quantities. The true Oil of Almonds usually con- 
 tains hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 2237. Oleum Anethi — Oil of Dill. Br.— An Oil distilled from dill fruit 
 and used for flavoring. It contains a terpene Anethene, C 10 H 10 , having a 
 lemon flavor and an oxygenated substance similar to carvol. 
 
646 OLEA — oils. 
 
 2238. Oleum Anisi — Oil of Anise, — This Oil is distilled in Europe from 
 Aniseseed, Pimpinella Anisum, the Russian Oil being most esteemed, and 
 in China from star anise, fllz'cium Anisatum, the great majority of the com- 
 mercial Oil being from the latter. It consists mainly of Anethol, C 10 H 12 O, 
 of which one portion, Anise Camphor, congeals at ordinary temperature and 
 is heavier than water, and the other, liquid Anethol, is lighter than water and 
 remains liquid at a much lower temperature than the former. It also con- 
 tains a small percentage of hydrocarbon C 10 H 16 . Anise is used as a flavor- 
 ing, sedative, and carminative. The dose is 2 to 5 minims. 
 
 2239. Oleum Anthemidis — Oil of Chamomile. Br. — This Oil is dis- 
 om chamomile flowers, and has their characteristic odor. It is stimu- 
 lant and antispasmodic. The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 
 
 2240. Oleum Aurantii Corticis — Oil of Orange Peel. — Several varieties 
 of orange yield a Volatile Oil from their peel, which is generally obtained by 
 puncturing it with the ecuelle. The most common variety is obtained from 
 the sweet orange and known as Oil of Orange or Oil of Sweet Orange. The 
 common varieties of bitter orange yield an Oil of Bitter Orange, and a 
 choice variety yields the Oil of Curacoa. These Oils have the same compo- 
 sition as terpene, C 10 H 16 , and are prone to change when exposed to light 
 and air, acquiring a terebinthine odor. These Oils are extensively used for 
 flavoring and in making elixirs, colognes, etc. 
 
 2241. Oleum Aurantii Florum — Oil of Orange Flowers, Oil of Neroli. 
 — This is a Volatile Oil distilled from orange flowers, and consisting of a fra- 
 grant terpene, C 10 H 16 . The choicest variety is distilled from the flowers of 
 the sweet orange, and is known commercially as Oil of Neroli, Petale. The 
 next best is obtained from the blossoms of the bitter orange, and known as 
 Oil of Neroli, Bigarade, and an inferior kind is made from the leaves and 
 unripe fruit, known as Oil of Neroli, Petit grain. 
 
 Oil of Neroli is used for preparing orange flower water and in cologne and 
 other perfumes. 
 
 2242. Oleum Bergamii — Oil of Bergamot. — This Oil is prepared from 
 the fresh rind of the fruit of citrus Bergamia in the same manner as Oil of 
 Orange Peel previously described. It is, like it, a terpene, C 10 H 16 , and 
 develops a terebinthine odor when exposed. It is used extensively in 
 cologne and perfumery, and is a popular flavor for hair oils, etc. 
 
 2243. Oleum Cajuputi — Oil of Cajuput. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 the leaves of Melaleuca Cajuputi. In composition it is a hydrate of the ter- 
 pene Cajuputene, its formula being C 10 H 16 H 2 O. It is a warm aromatic, 
 having an odor like camphor, and is used internally in cholera mixtures and 
 externally in liniments. 
 
 2244. Oleum Calami — Oil of Calamus. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
 the rhizome of Acorns Calamus. It is a warm aromatic, possessing the odor 
 and properties of the root. It is used for flavoring and as an addition to 
 stomachics, etc. 
 
OLEA — OILS. 647 
 
 2245. Oleum Cari, U. S., Oleum Carui, Br., Oleum Carvi, G. P. — 
 OH of Caraway. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from Caraway, consisting of a 
 terpene Carvine, C 10 H 16 . and Carvol, C 10 H 14 . In the market are found 
 two kinds, Oil of Caraway Seed, and Oil of Caraway Chaff ; the former 
 being much finer and more expensive than the latter, and should always be 
 used for flavoring. It is an aromatic oil used for flavoring, and in making 
 elixirs and some liquors, syrups, etc. 
 
 2246. Oleum Carophylli — Oil of Cloves. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
 Cloves, and consisting of a light oil or terpene, C 10 H in , and another heavier 
 than water, called Eugenol, C t H 1 3 2 , in which the odor and taste of Cloves 
 is concentrated. It is a warm aromatic, much used for toothache and neural- 
 gic pain, and is given internally in painkillers, etc. 
 
 2247. Oleum Chenopodii— Oil of Chenopodium, Oil of American Worm- 
 seed. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from Chenopodium, and consisting of a terpine, 
 C, „H, , ; . and an oxidized terpene, C 10 H 1G O. It is a peculiar very disagree- 
 ably flavored Oil, used as an anthelmintic. Some of the popular Vermifuges 
 are made chiefly of this oil, mixed with some bland oil and aromatics. The 
 dose is 5 to 10 drops. 
 
 2248. Oleum Cinnamomi — Oil of Cinnamon. — The U. S. P. recognizes 
 two varieties of Cinnamon Oil, Oil of Ceylon Cinnamon and Oil of Chinese 
 Cinnamon or Cassia. Their composition and properties are similar, both 
 containing Cinnamic . lldehyd, C 9 H 8 0. When old this is converted by oxida- 
 tion into Linniniic Acid, C 9 H 8 8 , and it may be still further oxidized by the 
 addition of Nitric Acid yielding Benzyl Aldehyd l Oil of Bitter Almonds) and 
 Benzoic Acid, C 7 H 6 O g . Oil of Cinnamon is extensively used as a flavoring, 
 and in medicine as a quick stimulant. The dose is 1 or 2 drops. 
 
 2249. Oleum Copaiba? — Oil of Copaiba. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 Copaiba, and consisting of Hydrocarbons C 10 H 16 andC 15 H 84 . It is used 
 for the same purposes as Copaiba, but has no advantages over it. The dose 
 is 10 to 1 5 drops. 
 
 2250. Oleum Coriandri — Oil of Coriander. — A Volatile Oil, distilled 
 from Coriander, and containing an oxygenated terpene, C 10 H 18 O. It is an 
 agreeable aromatic, and is consi d in elixirs, syrups, and carmina- 
 tive preparations. The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 
 
 2251. Oleum Cubebae — Oil of Cubed.— A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
 Cubeb, and consisting mainly of two oils, with different characteristics. It 
 is a warm aromatic and stimulant, especially for the mucous membrane, and 
 is much us.-d in medicines for Catarrh and bronchitis, and in catarrh of the 
 bladder . 5 to 15 minims. 
 
 2252. Oleum Erigerontis — Oil of Erigeron, Oil of Fleabane. — A 
 Volatile Oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Erigeron Canadense, 
 and consisting of a terpene and an oxygenated portion. It has a peculiar dis- 
 agreeable odor, and is used in gonorrhoea and, in the form of an ointment or 
 lotion, for piles, etc. 
 
648 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 2253. Oleum Eucalypti— Oil of Eucalyptus. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from the leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus. It consists chiefly of Eucalyptol, 
 C 10 H 10 O, and is an aromatic stimulant, having a spicy taste. The dose is 5 
 to 10 minims for bronchial troubles, catarrh, etc. 
 
 2254. Oleum Fceniculi — Oil of Fennel. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 fennel and having much the same properties and composition as Oil of Anise. 
 The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 
 
 2255. Oleum Gaultheriae — Oil of Wintergreen. — A Volatile Oil, heavier 
 than water, distilled from Gaultheria, and containing about 90 per cent, of 
 Methyl Salicylate and 10 per cent, of the terpene Gaultherilene. A great 
 portion of the Oil of Wintergreen found in the market is distilled from birch 
 twigs. It is also prepared artificially from methyl alcohol and salicylic acid. 
 A Gaultherio-Salicylic Acid is prepared from Oil of Wintergreen which is 
 much different in appearance from the commercial salicylic acid prepared 
 from phenol. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen is much used as a flavoring, which is also known as 
 Chickerberry. 
 
 2256. Oleum Hedoma? — Oil of Pennyroyal. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from pennyroyal herb, similar in composition to the other mint Oils. It is 
 used as a stimulant and flavoring and in mixtures for preventing the bite of 
 flies, mosquitos, etc. It is given in doses of 1 to 3 minims. 
 
 2257. Oleum Juniperi —Oil of Jioiiper.— The official Oil of Juniper 
 should be distilled from the berries, and consists mainly of a turpene C 10 H 16 . 
 It is used as a flavoring for some preparations and in medicine as a diuretic 
 and a stimulant. The dose is from 5 to 1 5 drops. 
 
 Oil of Juniper Wood has more of a terebinthene odor and is inferior. 
 
 Empyreumatic Oil of Juniper or Oil of Cade is a tar-like liquid obtained 
 from juniper by destructive distillation. It is frequently directed as Juniper 
 Tar. 
 
 2258. Oleum Lavenduhe — Oil of Lavender.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from the flowering tops or whole herb of Lavendula Vera, and consisting of 
 terpene and oxygenated compounds. A great difference exists in the Laven- 
 der Oil found in the market, its fragrance varying with the part of the plant 
 used, the Oil of Lavender flowers being the finest. It is much used in per- 
 fumery and somewhat employed in medicine. 
 
 The U. S. P. recognizes two Oils of Lavender, the Oil of Lavender as 
 above described and the Oil of Lavender Flowers distilled from fresh Lav- 
 ender (flowers). The Br. P. directs only the latter, the best quality of which 
 is distilled from cultivated lavender, at Mitcham, England. 
 
 2259. Oleum Limonis — Oil of Lemon. — A Volatile Oil obtained from 
 fresh lemon peel, usually by means of the ecuelle, and consisting of a terpene 
 Cio^i6- It i s extensively used as a flavoring and in cologne, etc. This Oil 
 soon develops a terebinthine odor when exposed to the light and air. It, as 
 
OLEA — OILS. 649 
 
 well as Oils of Orange and Bergamot, should be kept in a cool, dark place, 
 closely stopped in full bottles or cans. They may be somewhat restored 
 when changed by washing repeatedly with hot water in which a few grains of 
 permanganate of potassium are dissolved. When freshly received, if practi- 
 cable, these Oils should be put up in small bottles, full, and put away, or be 
 mixed with one fourth their weight of Alcohol. 
 
 Oleum Limettce or Oil of Limes is prepared from limes, and is similar to 
 Oil of Lemon. It is used in flavoring confectionery, syrups, etc. 
 
 2260. Oleum Macidis —Oil of Mace. G. P. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from Mace, and having the same properties as Oil of Nutmeg, which see. 
 
 2261. Oleum Menthae Piperitae— Oil of Peppermint. — A Volatile Oil 
 distilled from peppermint, and consisting of a light hydrocarbon and Menthol, 
 C 10 H 20 O, to which it owes its odor and properties. It is extensively used in 
 medicine and for flavoring. The dose of the Oil is 1 to 3 drops. 
 
 2262. Menthol — Peppermint Camphor. — C 16 H 20 O. A stearopten 
 obtained from Peppermint Oil by chilling it with ice, separating the solid por- 
 tion, pressing, purifying, and crystallizing. The variety of Menthol obtained 
 from Mentha Arvensis is official in the Br. P. It is known as Japa?iese 
 Menthol or Camphor, and is most esteemed. A Menthol is obtained from 
 the ordinary Peppermint Oil, which is called Pip-Menthol, and is extensively 
 used in this country. In the form of Afenlhol Cones Menthol has become a 
 popular proprietary application for pain, neuralgia, etc. These cones are 
 moulded and fastened into suitable holders of wood, horn or other substance. 
 
 2263. Oleum Mentha? Viridis — Oil of Spearmint. — A Volatile Oil dis- 
 tilled from spearmint and consisting of a terpene, C t H 1 6 , and an oxygen- 
 ated portion, C 10 H 14 O, in which the characteristic odor resides. It is some- 
 what used as a flavoring and a little used in medicine as a carminative and 
 stimulant. The dose is 2 to 5 drops. 
 
 2264. Oleum Myricae — Oil of Bay. — A Volatile Oil distilled from the 
 leaves of Myrcia Acris and consisting of a terpene, C 10 H 16 , and Eugenob 
 C 10 H 12 O 2 . It is chiefly used for making "Bay Rum," and in perfumery. 
 
 2265. Oleum Myristicae — Oil of Nutmeg.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from nutmeg, consisting of a terpene and oxygenated portion, which repre- 
 sents the flavor of the nutmeg. It is used chiefly for flavoring and in some 
 elixirs, etc. Oil of Mace is similar. 
 
 2266. Oleum Picis Liquidae — Oil of Tar.— A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 tar, containing a variety of constituents. It is preferable for many medicinal 
 purposes to tar and is used in making several official syrups, etc., and in 
 cough remedies. The dose is 1 to 3 minims in emulsion or syrup. An Oil 
 of Birch Tar is made from birch tar by distillation. 
 
 2267. Oleum Pimentae— Oil of Pimento. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 Pimento and containing a terpene and eugenol. It is similar in characteris- 
 tics to Oil of Cloves, and is considerably used in flavoring. 
 
650 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 2268. Oleum Pini Sylvestris— Fir- Wood Oil. Br.— An Oil distilled 
 from the fresh leaves of Pinus Sylvestris, having the characteristic odor of 
 pine leaves and consisting mainly of terpenes. It may be used in making 
 cough preparations, etc. 
 
 2269. Oleum Rosse — Oil of Rose. — Also called Otto of Rose, and Attar 
 of Rose. A Volatile Oil distilled from the fresh flowers of Rosa Damascene. 
 This ( )il consists of a liquid portion and a stearopten and is solid or semi- 
 solid at ordinary temperatures. The best Otto of Rose is obtained from 
 Turkey, Kizanlic being the chief collecting centre. Oil of Rose is used in 
 pharmacy for many purposes and extensively employed in perfumes. 
 
 2270. Oleum Rosmarini — < il of Rosemary.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from rosemary and containing terpene and Oxygenated compounds. It is 
 stimulant and aromatic and is used to some extent in pharmacy and medicine. 
 
 2271. Oleum Rutae — Oil of Rue.— A Volatile Oil distilled from Ruta 
 Graveolens, the most soluble in water of all the official Oils. It is given for 
 colic, female disorders, etc., in doses of 2 to 5 minims. 
 
 2272. Oleum Sabinae— ' il of Savin — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 Savine. It is a terpene and has the same general properties as Savine, acting 
 as a stimulant to the organs of generation. It is sometimes given as an 
 abortive. 
 
 2273. Oleum Santali — ( HI of Santa/.— A Volatile Oil distilled from 
 santal wood, and consisting of oxygenated compounds. It is similar in its 
 action to copaiba and is used as a stimulant for the mucous membrane, for 
 gonorrhoea, and catarrhal conditions. It is also used in perfumery to give 
 permanence to odors. The dose is from 5 to 15 minims. 
 
 2274. Oleum Sassafras— Oil of Sassafras. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
 from the bark of sassafras root and consisting of a terpene, Safrene, C 10 H, 6 , 
 and an oxygenated portion, Safrol, C 10 H 10 O 2 , which constitutes about 90 
 per cent, of the Oil. This Oil is an agreeable aromatic, largely used in lini- 
 ments and pain-killers, also as a flavoring. When compounded with winter- 
 green and anise it makes the sarsaparilla flavoring so much used. The dose 
 of Oil of Sassafras is 2 to 10 minims. 
 
 2275. Oleum Sinapis Volatile— Volatile Oil of Mustard. — A Volatile 
 Oil distilled from black mustard, after the expression of the Fixed Oil, and 
 maceration with water. This is a sulphurated Oil, known chemically as Sul- 
 plioeyanide of Allyl. (Seepage 134.) It is heavier than water and has a 
 very pungent, acrid odor. Mixed with alcohol or oils in liniment it is used as 
 a counter-irritant and rubefacient. 
 
 2276. Oleum Succini — oil of Amber. — A Volatile Oil, obtained by the 
 destructive distillation of Amber and subsequently purified by rectification. 
 This is called Rectified Oil of Amber, the unpurified oil being the crude. It 
 is considerably used in liniments as an irritant and stimulant, and has the 
 same composition as Oil of Turpentine. 
 
OLEA — OILS. 651 
 
 2277. Oleum Terebinthinae — Oil of Turpentine. — A Volatile Oil, dis- 
 tilled from Turpentine, and having the composition C 10 H ie . It is a type of 
 the terpenes. It is familiarly known as " Turpentine " or " Spirits of Turpen- 
 tine," and is extensively used in the arts and in medicine. It is an ingredient 
 of most of the proprietary liniments, and is a valuable stimulant and rube- 
 facient. It is also given internally in various forms in doses of 2 to 10 
 minims. It is much employed as a solvent for resins, etc. 
 
 Terebene is a light hydrocarbon obtained from Oil of Turpentine, by mix- 
 ing it with one-twentieth of its weight of Sulphuric Acid, and distilling over 
 at 160' F. It is used for coughs, etc. 
 
 An Oil is distilled from Strasslu/rg Turpentine and also from Venice 
 Turpentine. 
 
 22J&. Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatus — Rectified Oil of Turpentine, 
 G. P.— This is the ordinary Oil of Turpentine, rectified by shaking with 6 times 
 its weight of lime-water, and then distilling about three-fourths of the Oil of 
 Turpentine which was used. It is employed in medicine for the same pur- 
 poses as Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 2279. Oleum Thymi — Oil of Thyme. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
 Thymus Vulgaris, and commercially known as Oil of Or igan inn. It is com- 
 posed of Cymene, C 10 H 14 , Thymene, C 10 H g6 , and thymol, C, H 14 O, a 
 stearopten, which crystallizes. This Oil is extensively used in liniments as 
 a stimulant and rubefacient. As found in the market, it is adulterated with 
 Oil of Turpentine or other dilutents. Red Oil of Thyme is known as Pure 
 Origanum Oil, and White Oil of Thyme is used in perfumery. 
 
 2280. Thymol — C 10 H 18 HO. — A stearopten obtained from various spe- 
 cies of Oil of Thyme by saponifying with Caustic Soda, separating the 
 saponaceous substance and decomposing with Hydrochloric Acid, washing 
 
 talline mass with Water, dissolving it in hot Alcohol, and recrystalliz- 
 ing. It is used as an antiseptic, and also for neuralgia, toothache, etc. 
 
 2281. Oleum Valerianae — Oil of Valerian.— A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
 Valerian, consisting of a terpene and an oxygenated compound, having the 
 characteristic odor and taste of Valerian. It is employed for making Valeri- 
 anic Acid, and is sometimes used in medicine. 
 
 Unofficial Volatile Oils. 
 
 The foregoing official Volatile Oils embrace the greater part of those used 
 in pharmacy, bui several that are not recognized Nylin- pharmacopoeias are 
 
 considerably used, and, as nearly all odorous plants yield Volatile < »ils in 
 SOme lorm.it is obvious that the list of such Oils must be very large, and 
 only the more important ones can be mentioned here. The methods employed 
 for obtaining them have been previously mentioned. 
 
652 
 
 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL VOLATILE OILS. 
 
 Commercial Name. 
 
 2285 
 22S6 
 2287! 
 2288 
 
 2289 
 2291. j 
 2291 
 2292; 
 2293; 
 2294 
 
 2295 
 
 2296 
 
 2297 
 
 2298 
 
 2299 
 2300 
 
 2301 
 2302 
 2303 
 
 2 3°4 
 2305 
 2306; 
 2307 j 
 2308! 
 2309: 
 
 2T.IO 
 23.. 
 2312 
 2 3I3 
 2314 
 23I.S1 
 2316 
 2317 
 2 3 l8| 
 
 2319 
 2320 
 2321; 
 2322! 
 2323 
 2324 
 2325! 
 2326 
 2327 
 232S 
 2329 
 2330 
 2331 
 2332 
 2333 
 2334 
 2335 
 2336 
 
 2 337 
 233S 
 2 339 
 2340 
 2341 
 2342 
 
 2343 
 2 344 
 2345 
 2346 
 
 Oil of Angelica 
 
 Angustura 
 
 Arnica 
 
 Asafelida 
 
 Balm Mint , 
 
 Balsam Fir , 
 
 Birch 
 
 Birch Tar 
 
 Buchu 
 
 Burgundy Pitch , 
 
 Camphor 
 
 Canada Snake Root. . , 
 
 Canella 
 
 Capsicum 
 
 Cardamom 
 
 Carrot , 
 
 Cascarilla 
 
 Catmint 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Cedarwood , 
 
 Cedrat 
 
 Celery 
 
 Cherry Laurel 
 
 Citronella 
 
 Cognac , 
 
 Coto 
 
 Cress 
 
 Cumin 
 
 Cuscus 
 
 Cyna 
 
 Dahlia: 
 
 Elder 
 
 Elemi 
 
 Feverfew 
 
 Galangal 
 
 Garlic 
 
 Geranium Rose 
 
 Ginger 
 
 Ginger Grass 
 
 Golden Rod 
 
 Gurjun Balsam 
 
 Hedge Garlic 
 
 Heliotrope 
 
 Hemlock 
 
 Hops 
 
 Hoarhound 
 
 • Horsemint 
 
 Horseradish 
 
 Hungarian Turpentine 
 
 Hyssop 
 
 Indian Cannabis 
 
 Inula 
 
 Jaborandi 
 
 Lemon Grass 
 
 Limette or Limes 
 
 Lilac 
 
 Lily of the Valley 
 
 Linden 
 
 Lobelia 
 
 Lovage 
 
 Marjoram 
 
 Marrubium 
 
 Distilled From. 
 
 Angelica, varieties 
 
 Angustura 
 
 Arnica Montana 
 
 Asafetida 
 
 Melissa or Balm 
 
 Canada Turpentine 
 
 Betula 
 
 Betula 
 
 Buchu 
 
 Abies Excelsa 
 
 Camphora Officinarum. . . 
 
 Asarum Canadense 
 
 Canella Alba 
 
 Capsicum 
 
 Elettaria Cardamomum. . . 
 
 Daucus Carota 
 
 Croton Eluteria 
 
 Nepeta Cataria 
 
 Juniperus Yirginiana 
 
 Juniperus Virginiana 
 
 Citrus Medica 
 
 Apium Graveolens 
 
 Laurocerasus 
 
 Andropogon Scha?nanthus 
 
 Fermented Grapes 
 
 Coto 
 
 Lepidium Sativum 
 
 Cuminum Cyminum 
 
 Vitivert 
 
 Artemisia Martima 
 
 Dahlia Pinnata 
 
 Sambucus, varieties 
 
 Canarium Commune 
 
 Pyrethrum Parthenium. . . 
 
 Alpinia Officinarum 
 
 Allium Sativum 
 
 Pelargonium odoratissima 
 
 Zingiber Officinale 
 
 Andropogon Schuenanthus 
 
 Sodidago Odora 
 
 Dipterocarpus 
 
 Alliaria Officinalis 
 
 Heliotropium 
 
 Abies Canadensis 
 
 Humulus Lupulus 
 
 Marrubium Vulgare 
 
 Monarda Punctata 
 
 Cochlearia Armoracia. .. 
 
 Pinus Pumilio 
 
 Hyssopus Officinalis 
 
 Cannabis Sativa 
 
 Inula Helenium 
 
 Pilocarpus Pennatifolius. . 
 
 Andropogon Citratis 
 
 Citrus Limetta 
 
 Syringa Vulgaris 
 
 Convallaria Majalis 
 
 Tilia 
 
 Lobelia Inflata 
 
 Levisticum Officinal 
 
 Origanum Marjorana 
 
 Marrubium Vulgare 
 
 Root or seed . . . 
 
 Bark 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Gum-resin 
 
 Leaves and tops 
 
 Oleo-resin 
 
 Young twigs. . . 
 
 The tar 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Prepared pitch. 
 Crude camphor 
 
 Root 
 
 Bark 
 
 Fruit (pods) 
 
 Fruit (seed) 
 
 Fruit (seed) .... 
 
 Bark 
 
 Flowering tops. 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Wood 
 
 Fruit rind 
 
 Fruit (seed) 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Wine 
 
 Bark 
 
 The seeds 
 
 Fruit (seed) .... 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Flowering tops. 
 
 Tubers 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Gum-resin 
 
 Plant 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Bulb 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Leaves and tops 
 
 Oleo-resin 
 
 Bulb 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Strobiles 
 
 Leaves and tops 
 Leaves and tops 
 
 Root 
 
 Oleo-resin 
 
 Herb 
 
 Flowering tops. 
 
 Root 
 
 Leaflets 
 
 The plant 
 
 Fruit rind 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Flowering plant 
 Flowers 
 
 Chief 
 Composition. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Nitrogenat'd 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Hydrocarb'n 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene, 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
OLEA — OILS. 
 
 653 
 
 UNOFFICIAL VOLATILE OILS — Continued. 
 
 Commercial Name. 
 
 2347 
 2348 
 2349 
 2350 
 2351 
 2352 
 2353 
 2354 
 2355 
 2356 
 2357 
 2358 
 2359 
 2360 
 2361 
 2362 
 2363 
 2364 
 236S 
 2366 
 2367 
 
 Oil of Marsh Tea 
 
 Masterwort 
 
 Matricaria 
 
 Matico 
 
 Melissa 
 
 Mountain Balm 
 
 Myrrh 
 
 Olibanum 
 
 Parsley 
 
 Patchouly 
 
 Phellandrium 
 
 Rhodium 
 
 Sage 
 
 Saffron 
 
 Sagapanum 
 
 Serpentaria 
 
 Spruce or Hemlock. . 
 
 Spike Lavender 
 
 Smartweed 
 
 Stillingia 
 
 Sweet Basil 
 
 Sweet Cicily 
 
 S%veet Marjoram 
 
 Sweet Violet 
 
 Summer Savory .... 
 
 Tansy 
 
 Tea 
 
 Thuja 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Verbena (Lemon Grass) 
 
 Water Plantain 
 
 Wild Ginger 
 
 Wormwood 
 
 Yarrow. 
 
 Ylang Ylang, 
 
 Zedoary 
 
 Distilled From. 
 
 Ledum Palustra 
 
 Heracleum Lantanum . . . . j 
 Matricaria Chamomile. 
 
 Artanthe Elongata j 
 
 Melissa Officinalis I 
 
 Eriodictyon Californica. . . 
 Balsamodendron Myrrha. . 
 
 Boswellia Carterii 
 
 Petroselinum Saturni 
 
 Pogostemon Patchouly 
 GEnanthe Phellandrum. . . 
 Convulvulus Scoparius . . . j 
 
 Salvia Officinalis 
 
 Crocus Sativum 
 
 Ferula Persica 
 
 Aristolochia Serpent 
 
 Abies Canadense 
 
 Lavandula Spica 
 
 Pologonium Punctatum. . 
 
 Stillingia Sylvatica 
 
 Ocynum Basilicum 
 
 Osmorhiza Longistylus. . 
 
 Origanum Marjorina 
 
 Viola Odorata , 
 
 Satureja Hortensis 
 
 Tanacetum Vulgare . . . 
 
 Thea Chinensis 
 
 Thuya Occidentalis 
 
 Nicotiana Tabacum . . . 
 Andropogon Citratis... 
 
 Alisma Plantigo 
 
 Asarum Canadense 
 
 Artemisia Absinthium . 
 
 Achillea 
 
 Onona Odoratissima . . 
 Curcuma Zedoaria .... 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Flowers .... 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Leaves and tops 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Gum-resin. . 
 Gum-resin . . 
 Fruit, seed . . 
 Flowers .... 
 Fruit, seed. . 
 
 Root 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Flowers .... 
 
 Plant 
 
 Roots 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Root 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Herb 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Herb 
 
 Leaves ... . 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Twigs 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Flowering herb 
 
 Plant 
 
 Rhizome. . . . 
 Leaves and t 
 
 Plant 
 
 Flowers .... 
 Rhizome 
 
 Chief 
 Composition. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Sulphurated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Terpene. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Oxygenated. 
 
 Mixed Oils. 
 
 i rider this heading arc included such preparations of Oils as cannot wel 
 rifled elsewhere, but for which there is a demand and use: 
 
 2383. Acoustic Oil.- Oiloi 
 Mix. I teed for deafness, etc. 
 
 Almonds 6 parts. Oil of Turpentine 1 part. 
 
 2384. British Oil.— Oil of Origanum 1 drachm, Oilof Rosemary t drachm, 
 Barbadoes Tar 2 fl .ounces, Oil of Turpentine 5 flounces. Mix them. Used 
 
 as an application am n ally. 
 
 2385. Haarlem Oil. — Oilof Amber, crude, 1 .'_• drachm, Crude Petroleum 
 1 drachm, Sulphurated Oil, Balsam of Sulphur (276), 3 drachms, Linseed Oil 
 4 drachms, Oil of Turpentine 1 ounce. Mix them. This celebrated Oil is 
 
 ernally and internally for everything. 
 
654 OLEA — OILS. 
 
 2386. Oil of Spike. — The Oil of Spike which is usually sold and dispensed 
 for liniments is a mixture composed of Barbadoes Tar and Oil of Turpentine, 
 the proportions varying somewhat as made by different houses. Oil of Tur- 
 pentine 3 pints, Barbadoes Tar 1 pint, makes about the average mixture. 
 This Mixed Oil should not be confounded with the Oil distilled from Laven- 
 dula Spun, which is sold as Oil of Origanum. 
 
 2387. Oil of Rhodium, factitious.— The true Oil of Rhodium is distilled 
 from Rhodium Wood, but what appears in the market is generally made by 
 mixing Otto of Rose with Oil of Santal Wood or Balsam of Copaiba, about 
 1 part of the former to 20 of the latter. It is considerably sold as a scent for 
 hunting bees, and is used in perfumes. 
 
 2388. Oil of Ambergris and Oil of Musk are made by digesting 2 
 drachms of Ambergris or Musk for some time in 20 fl. ounces of Purified Al- 
 mond Oil. 
 
 2389. Oil of Benzoin and Oil of Styrax, and other Oils of gums, balsams 
 or resins, are made by digesting 1 ounce of the substance with a pint of Puri- 
 tH d ( )il, either Almond, Benne or Olive. 
 
 2390. Fatty Oils. — Oil of Jasmine, Hyacinth, Jonquil, Tuberose, Violet 
 and many other delicate, flowers, may be made by digesting the fresh Mowers 
 with the purified oil, and changing the flowers several times for fresh ones, 
 until the Oil is highly perfumed with the odors of the flowers. 
 
 Mineral Oils. 
 
 The name " Mineral Oils " is intended to apply to the Hydrocarbons Oils, 
 which are obtained from the distillation of coal and the oils obtained from the 
 earth by drilling or otherwise. The Mineral Oil formerly used for illumina- 
 ting, and obtained by distillation from coal and other bituminous substances 
 was known as Coal Oil or Kerosene, but the discovery of Petroleum Oil 
 revolutionized that industry, and our illuminating oils are now almost entirely 
 obtained by distillation from Crude Petroleum, which is obtained from oil 
 wells in various parts of the world. The Illuminating Oil is obtained by 
 fractional distillation, and is familiarly known as Carbon Oil. The crude oil 
 is used in liniments and as an application for rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Lubrieatijig Oils are also made from the heavier portions of Petroleum, 
 and are frequently mixed with Animal or Vegetable Oils. 
 
 Paraffin Oils are obtained from Petroleum after the distillation of the illu- 
 minating oil by pressing the solid parafnnes obtained from the residue. They 
 are used extensively for lubricating, and, when purified, for various pharma- 
 ceutical purposes, making a good body for an oil liniment, for hair oil, etc. 
 
 Seneka Oil.— This is a variety of Crude Petroleum Oil which was form- 
 erly obtained from the surface of some streams by the Seneka Indians, who 
 absorbed it with woolen blankets and then obtained it by wringing them 
 
OLEATA — OLEATES. 655 
 
 out. Crude Petroleum Oil, which has stood exposed in shallow vessels for 
 some time, is very similar to it, and is now used altogether when Seneka Oil is 
 required. 
 
 Rock Oil and Oil of Stone are very similar, and Old Crude Petroleum is 
 altogether sold for them now. 
 
 Barbadoes Tar is a thick Petroleum, resembling thin tar, exuding from 
 the earth, and obtained from Barbadoes and other countries. Its properties 
 are similar to other heavy Petroleums. It is used as an application for rheu- 
 matism, and in liniments, etc. 
 
 OLEATA — OLEATES. 
 
 Oleates are liquid, semi-solid, or solid preparations, made 
 by combining basic substances with oleic acid. The official 
 oleates, of which there are but two only, are liquid ; but the 
 name Oleate is used in pharmacy to designate a salt, which 
 may be cither liquid or solid, produced by the combination of 
 oleic acid with metals or alkaloids. 
 
 The Oleates are employed in medicine as a means of apply- 
 ing medicinal agents, as they are thought to be more readily 
 absorbed than ointments. The following are official in the 
 U. S.: 
 
 2391. Acidum Oleicum. 
 
 Oleic Acid. 
 
 HC 18 H 3 3°2- 
 
 Oleic Acid, which is the acid basis of the ( )leates, is obtained 
 from fats "'p. Crude Oleic Acid is called "Red Oil," the 
 refined is a light amber color. This Acid combines with me- 
 tallic bases and alkaloids in the same manner as other acids 
 forming the salts called Oleates. The liquid Oleates, which 
 are used as applications, contain Oleic Acid in large excess, 
 but the solid and dry Oleates which have been precipitated 
 from solutions of metals by soluble Oleates are satisfied chem- 
 ical combinations. The)- ma)- be mixed with Oleic Acid to 
 
 form liquid < )leates. 
 
656 OLEATA — OLEATES. 
 
 2392. Oleatum Hydrargyri, U. S. 
 
 Oleate of Mercury. 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Mercury, thor- 
 oughly dried, 1 part or 60 grains. 
 
 Oleic Acid, 9 parts or 540 grains. 
 
 Heat the Oleic Acid contained in a porcelain vessel to near 
 74°C. (165. 2°F.), taking care not to exceed that temperature; 
 gradually add the Oxide of Mercury, and stir until dissolved. 
 
 This Oleate contains 10 per cent, of the Oxide of Mercury. 
 Oleate of Mercury may also be made containing 5 per cent., 
 15 per cent, or 20 per cent, of Mercury, the two latter being 
 of the consistence of ointment, and keeping better than the 
 former. A Precipitated Oleate of Mercury is also prepared, 
 see 2409. 
 
 Uses. — This Oleate is used as an alterative and absorbent, 
 the same as Mercury Ointment. 
 
 2 393- Oleatum Veratrinae. U. S. 
 
 Oleate of Veratrine. 
 
 Veratrine, 2 parts or 10 grains. 
 
 Oleic Acid 98 parts or 490 grains. 
 
 Rub the Veratrine with a small quantity of the Oleic Acid 
 in a warm mortar to a smooth paste, add this to the remainder 
 of the Oleic Acid, heated in a porcelain capsule on a water- 
 bath, and stir until it is dissolved. 
 
 This Oleate contains 2 per cent, of Veratrine. It may 
 also be made 5 or 10 per cent., or other strengths, as may be 
 desired. 
 
 Uses. — This is employed externally for neuralgia, rheumatic 
 pain. etc. 
 
 Oleates of the Alkaloids. 
 
 Oleates may be made from any of the Alkaloids by dissolving them in an 
 excess of Oleic Acid. It should be remembered that salts of the Alkaloids 
 are not soluble in Oleic Acid. Only a few Oleates of the Alkaloids are 
 
OLEATA — OLEATES. 657 
 
 used, being intended only for external application. The following are those 
 known in pharmacy. 
 
 2394. Oleate of Aconitine. — This is usually made of 2 per cent, strength. 
 Aconitine 10 grains, Oleic Acid 490 grains, in the same manner as Oleate of 
 Veratrine. Other strengths may also be made. This is applied for neural- 
 gia, etc. 
 
 2395. Oleate of Atropine. — This is usually made 2 per cent, strength of 
 the Alkaloid Atropine, in the same manner as Oleate of Veratrine. It is a 
 valuable mydriatic, and is used in opthalmic practice. 
 
 2396. Oleate of Cocaine. — This is usually made 2 per cent, strength of 
 the Alkaloid Cocaine, in the same manner as Oleate of Veratrine. A 4 per 
 cent, strength is also used. Used as a local anassthestic and anodyne. 
 
 2397. Oleate of Morphine. — This Oleate is made of 2 per cent:, 5 per 
 cent, and 10 per cent, strength of the Alkaloid Morphine, according to the 
 uses desired, in the same manner as is directed for Oleate of Veratrine. It 
 is used as an anodyne. 
 
 2398. Oleate of Quinine. — This Oleate is made 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 per 
 cent, strength of the Alkaloid Quinine, according to the uses desired. 
 
 2399. Oleate of Strychnine.— This Oleate is usually made 2 per cent, of 
 the Alkaloid Strychnine, but may be made of other strengths if desired. 
 
 Oleates of other Alkaloids may be made in the same general manner as 
 the foregoing. 
 
 Oleates of the Metals. 
 
 The most familiar example of an Oleate of a metallic substance is Castile 
 Soap or Oleate of Sodium. With solutions made of Castile Soap or of 
 Oleate of Potassium, Oleates of other metals may be precipitated from solu- 
 tions of their salts with these solutions. Mr. Henry B. Parsons, in the Drug- 
 gists' Circular, proposed the following solutions for this purpose, which can- 
 not be bettered, and the formula- which follow are mostly adapted from the 
 same author : 
 
 2400. Solution of Sodium Oleate.— To 1 pound av. of best powdered 
 Castile Soap add about one half gallon of distilled Water and stir well until 
 an even and transparent mixture results. Then add more Water and heat 
 until dissolved, making the finished, cooled, and slightly turbid solution meas- 
 ure [6 pints. Each pint of the solution contains 1 ounce of the Powdered 
 Soap, which may for all purposes be considered as Sodium Oleate. 
 
 2401. Solution of Potassium Oleate.— To 1 gallon of boiling distilled 
 Water add gradually in small portions 5 ounces av. of Bicarbonate of Potas- 
 sium. When effervescense has ceased and the Bicarbonate has all been 
 
658 OLEATA — OLEATES. 
 
 transformed into normal Carbonate, add 14 ounces av. of purified Oleic 
 Acid, continue a gentle heat with stirring and addition of Water, if neces- 
 sary, until saponification is complete ; cool and dilute to 16 pints. Each pint 
 of the solution contains 1 ounce av. of Potassium Oleate. 
 
 2402. Aluminium Oleate — A1 2 (C 18 H 3 30 2 ) 6 . — Potash Alum 240 grains is 
 dissolved in distilled Water 2 pints, and to the solution is slowly added 1 pint 
 of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Warm the mixture until the Oleate separates, 
 then draw off the liquid and wash the Oleate twice with 2 pints of warm 
 distilled Water, then cool and separate the Water from the soft white Oleate. 
 
 2403. Arsenious Oleate — As(Cj 8 H 33 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 48 grains of lump 
 Arsenious Acid in 1 pint of boiling Water by the aid of an equal weight (48 
 grains) of Bicarbonate of Potassium. To the cooled solution add 220 
 grains of Hydrochloric Acid, sp. gr. 1. 16, or an equivalent amount of weaker 
 Acid. This produces Arsenious Chloride in solution. Dilute this solution 
 with 2 pints of distilled Water and slowly add to it 1 pint of Solution of 
 Sodium Oleate, then warm the mixture until the Oleate separates, draw off 
 the aqueous liquid and wash twice with boiling distilled Water. This Oleate 
 has a yellowish color and the consistence of butter. 
 
 2404. Bismuth Oleate — Bi(C 18 H 33 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 280 grains Nitrate 
 of Bismuth (tris nitrate 312) in 4 ounces av. of Glycerin, adding the Glycerin 
 all at once to the powdered salt. Dilute 1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate 
 with 2 pints of distilled Water and slowly add it to the Solution of Bismuth. 
 Warm the mixture, pour off the aqueous layer and wash twice with warm 
 distilled Water. This Oleate is of a cream color and has nearly the consist- 
 ence of an ointment. 
 
 2405. Copper Oleate — Cu(C 18 H 36 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 180 grains of crystal- 
 lized Sulphate of Copper in 2 pints of distilled water, and add slowly 1 pint 
 of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Heat the mixture to separate the Oleate, pour 
 off the water, wash twice with warm distilled water as for making other 
 Oleates. This is a dark-green, waxy Oleate. 
 
 2406. Iron Oleate. — Fe 2 (C 18 H 33 2 ) 6 . — Dilute 350 grains of Solution 
 Tersulphate of Iron with 2 pints warm distilled water, and gradually add 1 
 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Wash and separate the Oleate as directed. 
 This is a dark-red, soft-solid Oleate. 
 
 2407. Lead Oleate. — Pb(C 18 H 33 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 280 grains of Purified 
 Acetate of Lead in 2 pints of distilled water, and gradually add to the solution 
 1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Boil the mixture, filter, reject the 
 filtrate, and wash the precipitate twice with boiling distilled water. This is a 
 white hard brittle Oleate. 
 
 2408. Maganese Oleate. — Dissolve 1 ounce av. of Sulphate of Manga- 
 nese in 2 pints of warm water, and add to the solution 1 pint of Solution of 
 Sodium Oleate, boil the mixture to separate the Oleate, and wash twice with 
 distilled water. This Oleate is of a light-gray, pinkish color. 
 
OLEATA — OLEATES. 659 
 
 2409. Mercuric Oleate, Precipitated. — This is a true chemical Oleate 
 of Mercury as distinguished from the U. S. P. Oleate of Mercury, which is 
 simply a solution of Oxide of Mercury in excess of Oleic Acid. To 150 
 grains of Yellow Oxide of Mercury in a small evaporating dish add 130 
 grains of C. P. Nitric Acid. Then add 2 flounces of Distilled Water and 
 heat until the salt is dissolved, adding, if necessary to complete the solution, 
 a few more drops of the Acid, but as little as possible for the purpose. 
 Dilute the Solution thus prepared with 2 pints of Distilled Water, and add 1 
 pint of Solution of Potassium Oleate warm, and wash the separated Oleate 
 with warm water as directed. This is a reddish-yellow, soft-solid Oleate, 
 which may be diluted with Oleic Acid as desired. To make the 5 per cent. 
 Mercuric Oleate, mix 125 grains with 375 grains of Oleic Acid. The 10 per 
 cent., the same as the official, is made with 250 grains each of the Oleate and 
 Oleic Acid. The 20 per cent, is made with 400 grains of the Precipitate 
 Oleate warmed with 168 grains of Oleic Acid. 
 
 2410. Mercuric Oleate with Morphine. — This may be made by combin- 
 ing 2 per cent, of Morphine (Alkaloid) with a 5 per cent. Mercuric Oleate 
 (2409) by the aid of gentle heat. A larger proportion of Morphine may be 
 added if desired, or Morphine may be combined with a stronger Mercuric 
 Oleate, 20 per cent. Oleate and 5 per cent. Morphine being a standard 
 strength. 
 
 2411. Nickel Oleate. — Dissolve 1 ounce of Sulphate of Nickel in 2 pints 
 of warm water, and add gradually 1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate, 
 heating to separate the Oleate and washing as directed, with boiling distilled 
 water. This is a green, waxy Oleate. 
 
 2412. Silver Oleate — Ag(C 18 H 83 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 245 grains of crystal- 
 lized Nitrate of Silver in 2 pints of cold distilled water, and add very slowly, 
 with constant stirring, one pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate, drain and 
 wash several times with water. This Oleate should be prepared in a dark- 
 ened room, as it is changed by exposure to light. It is white, dry and gran- 
 ular if properly prepared. It may be combined with Oleic Acid in any 
 proportion to make a liquid Oleate of Silver. 
 
 2413. Tin Oleate. — This Oleate is made by adding a Solution of Chloride 
 of Tin to the Solution of Oleate of Sodium, heating and washing the precipi- 
 tate. It is of a grayish-yellow color and soft consistence. 
 
 2414. Zinc Oleate, in powder. — Zn(C 18 H., 3 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 180 grains 
 of well-crystallized Acetate of Zinc in 2 pints of cold water, and add grad- 
 ually, with rapid stirring, 1 pint Solution Oleate of Sodium. Drain on a 
 wetted muslin strainer, wash several times with cold distilled water, and dry 
 by exposure to air without heat. This Oleate is a soft white powder, having 
 a soapy feel. 
 
 Liquid Zinc Oleate. — By adding this powdered Oleate to Oleic Acid in 
 the same manner as is directed 'for making Mercury Oleate (2392) a liquid 
 Oleate of any desired strength may be made. The 5 per cent, and 12^ per 
 cent. Oleates are those most generally used. 
 
660 OLEORESIN/E — OLEO-RESINS. 
 
 OLEORESIN^E — OLEO-RESINS. 
 
 Considered as galenicals, Oleo-resins are preparations made 
 from vegetable drugs containing oleo-resinous principles by 
 exhausting the drug of these principles with some ethereal 
 solvent and then concentrating by distillation or evaporation 
 until only the Oleo-resin remains. There are also natural 
 Oleo-resins, exudates from trees, which are known as turpen- 
 tines, balsams, and gums. In the earlier pharmacopoeias of 
 this country some of the preparations now known as Oleo- 
 resins were called fluid extracts. The prepared Oleo-resins 
 are used in pharmacy in pills, tablets, capsules, and other 
 forms when concentrated principles of the kind are desired. 
 
 2415. General Process of the U. S. P. 
 
 From the formula given in the U. S. P. for Oleo-resins a 
 general formula may be deduced as follows : 
 
 The substance, in No. 60 powder, . . . 100 parts. 
 Stronger Ether, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Put the substance into a cylindrical glass percolator, pro- 
 vided with a cover and a receptacle suitable for volatile liquids, 
 press it firmly and gradually pour stronger Ether upon it until 
 1 50 parts have slowly passed or until the drug is well exhausted 
 of its Oleo-resin. Recover the greater part of the Ether by 
 distillation on a water-bath and expose the residue in a capsule 
 until the remaining Ether has evaporated. Keep the Oleo- 
 resin in a well-stopped bottle, and shake when using. 
 
 2416. General Process by Water-Bath 
 
 Percolation. 
 
 The substance, in No. 60 powder, . . . 100 parts. 
 Stronger Ether (or Gasoline), a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Tut the substance in a water-bath percolator and cover it 
 with .stronger Ether or Gasoline; surround the percolator with 
 

 OLEORESIN/E — OLEO-RESINS. 661 
 
 hot water, by pouring in the outer vessel, and after standing 
 one hour begin to percolate, adding stronger Ether or Gasoline 
 to the drugs in the percolator and continuing the percolation 
 until 150 parts have passed, or until the drug is exhausted. 
 Recover the greater portion of the stronger Ether or Gasoline 
 by distillation and expose the residue in a capsule until all 
 traces of the volatile liquid has evaporated. This may be 
 hastened by the gentle heat of a water-bath. 
 
 In the point of economy Gasoline (Petroleum Ether) is infi- 
 nitely cheaper, and (in our opinion) if the process is properly 
 conducted, the product is just as good. 
 
 The following are the Oleo-resins now official and known in 
 pharmacy : 
 
 2417. Oleoresina Aspidii — Oleo-resin of Aspidium. — Aspidium (male 
 Fern) 100 parts or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient 
 quantity. Make as directed. The product is about 2 n.ounces. The dose 
 is 30 to 60 minims for tape worm, etc. 
 
 2418. Oleoresina Capsici — Oleo-resin of Capsicum.— Capsicum 100 
 parts or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient, quantity. 
 Make as directed, separating and rejecting the fatty matter which is obtained 
 with the Oleo-resin, by passing through a strainer. The product is about }( 
 of an ounce and the dose ]4 to 1 minim. This is often called Oil of Capsicum. 
 
 2419. Oleoresina Cubebae — Oleo-resin of Cubeb. — Cubeb 100 parts or 
 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
 directed, and after standing separate the Oleo-resin from the sediment which 
 subsides. The product is about 4 ounces, and the dose 5 to 20 minims for 
 the same purposes as other preparations of Cubebs. 
 
 2420. Oleoresina Lupulini — Oleo-resin of Lupulin. — Lupulin 100 parts 
 or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
 directed. The product is about 8 flounces or 50 per cent. The dose 2 to 5 
 minims as a nervine and tonic. 
 
 2421. Oleoresina Piperis — Oleo-resin of Pepper. — Pepper 100 parts or 
 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
 directed, and after standing separate the liquid portion from the crystallized 
 Pijterine by straining through muslin. The product is about 1 jounce and 
 the dose % to 1 minim. This was formerly called Oil of Black Pepper. 
 
 2422. Oleoresina Zingiberis — Oleo-resin of Ginger. — Ginger 100 parts 
 or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
 directed. The product is about 1 flounce. The dose is ^ to 1 minim, used 
 for the same purposes as other preparations of ginger. 
 
662 OLEORESIN.E— OLEO-RESINS. 
 
 Other Oleo-resins. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official Oleo-resins many others may be obtained 
 from plants containing oleo-resinous principles, as Allspice, Canada Snake 
 Root, Horse Chestnut, Lobelia, Savin, etc., but they are seldom used. They 
 may be made in the same manner as the official preparations. Asclepidin, 
 Cypripedin, Iridin, Senecin, and Xanthoxyhn are Oleo-resins prepared by 
 eclectic manufacturing pharmacists. 
 
 Natural Oleo-resins. 
 
 Although these are not classed in the pharmacopoeias with 
 Oleo-resins it seems proper that they should be, as they are 
 natural oleo-resinous exudates. The following are official 
 under the titles as given : 
 
 2423. Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiba. 
 
 The Oleo-resin of Copaiba of different species is obtained 
 by tapping the trees. It contains a volatile oil, which may be 
 separated by distillation (Oil of Copaiba), a resin which is 
 chiefly Copaivic Acid, C 30 H 30 O 2 , and which is known as solid- 
 ified Copaiba, and a bitter principle. 
 
 Copaiba is known commercially as " Balsam of Copaiba," 
 two varieties being generally sold: Para, which is thin, con- 
 taining a larger proportion of oil, and Angostura, thicker, 
 containing more resin. The former is generally preferred. 
 
 Uses. — Copaiba is used in medicine as a stimulant to mucous 
 surfaces and is the popular remedy for gonorrhoea. It is much 
 used for catarrh of the bladder and other troubles of the urinary 
 organs. It is also used extensively in stimulating ointments. In 
 the arts it is used in some kinds of varnishes, printers' ink, etc 
 
 2424. Terebinthina. 
 
 Turpentine — Gum Turpentine — White Pine Turpentine. 
 
 A concrete Oleo-resin obtained from Pinus Australis and other 
 species of Pinus by tapping the trees and collecting the exudate. 
 
 It contains 25 per cent, of volatile oil (Oil of Turpentine), 
 which is obtained by distillation, leaving the residue, Resin or 
 Colophony, which consists of Abietic Anhydride. 
 
OLEORESIN^E — OLEO-RESINS. 663 
 
 Uses. — White Pine Turpentine, as it is known in the mar- 
 ket, is used in making plasters, and its solution in alcohol is 
 employed in cough remedies. 
 
 2425. Terebinthina Canadensis. 
 
 Canada Turpentine — Balsam Fir. 
 
 A liquid Oleo-resin obtained from Abies Balsamea by punc- 
 turing the resin-ducts in the bark. 
 
 It contains a turpene, which maybe obtained by distillation, 
 and is known as Oil of Balsam Fir or Fir Oil, and a resin. 
 
 Uses. — Balsam of Fir, as it is most commonly called, is 
 used in making stimulating ointments and plasters and in lini- 
 ments. It is also used for making transfer varnishes, transpa- 
 rent or tracing paper, and for mounting microscopic objects, 
 for which it is admirably adapted. 
 
 Other Oleo-resinous Substances. 
 
 Besides the foregoing official natural Oleo-resins, a few others, which are 
 known commercially as balsams, gums, and turpentines, are mentioned. 
 
 2426. Bdellium.— A balsamic exudation from Balsamodendron Mukul, 
 containing a volatile oil and resin, and some gum. 
 
 2427. Chian Turpentine.— A Oleo-resin or Turpentine obtained from 
 incisions made in the bark of Pistacia Terebinthtts, and recently consider- 
 ably used in medicine. 
 
 2428. Elemi. — A concrete Oleo-resin obtained from Canarium Commune 
 and containing about 10 per cent, of a volatile oil and 25 per cent, of resin. 
 
 2429. Gurjun Balsam. — An Oleo-resin consisting of volatile oil and 
 resin, obtained from Dipterocarpus Ttirbinattts, somewhat similar to Copa- 
 iba, and used for similar purposes. It is also called Wood Oil. 
 
 2430. Hungarian Turpentine or Balsam. — An Oleo-resinous exudation 
 from the branches of Pinus Pumilia. Its composition and uses are similar 
 to Balsam of Fir. 
 
 2431. Strassburg Turpentine.— An Oleo-resin obtained, like Balsam of 
 Fir, by puncturing the ducts of the bark of Abies pectinata. Its composi- 
 tion and uses are similar to Balsam of Fir. 
 
 2432. Venice Turpentine. — An Oleo-resinous exudation from the heart- 
 wood of Larix Europcea. Its composition and uses are similar to Balsam 
 of Fir. Factitious Venice Turpentine may be prepared from common 
 Resin 3 parts, Oil of Turpentine 1 part. 
 
664 opium. 
 
 2433. OPIUM. 
 
 Opium is the concrete milky exudation obtained in Asia 
 Minor by incising the unripe capsules of the Opium Poppy, 
 Papavcr Soninifernm. A few days after the petals have 
 fallen incisions are made in the capsule, and in twelve to 
 fifteen hours the milky exudation which has collected is 
 scraped off and collected and afterward formed into masses 
 as it appears in the market. The present U. S. P. specifies, 
 when dried at the temperature of boiling water until it ceases 
 to lose weight, that Opium shall yield at least 12 per cent, 
 of Morphine, and that in its normal moist condition it should 
 yield at least 9 per cent, of Morphine when assayed by the 
 official process. The best grades of Opium frequently contain 
 as high as 20 per cent, or even more of Morphine, and 
 a good average quality should yield when dried 15 to 17 per 
 cent. In pharmacy Opium is used in making many prepara- 
 tions, and is the source of many alkaloids and alkaloidal salts, 
 which are extensively used. In medicine Opium and its prep- 
 arations are more frequently employed than any other, except 
 perhaps the preparations of Cinchona. 
 
 Opium and its preparations are mostly sedative and anodyne, 
 and are used to allay pain, quiet excited nervous action, induce 
 sleep, etc. The use of Opium and Morphine — although almost 
 indispensable in medicine — is attended with great risk of form- 
 ing the Opium habit, and physicians cannot be too cautious in 
 employing them. They are good servants, but bad masters. 
 
 Powdered Opium. — To powder Opium it is first cut in 
 pieces and dried by the heat of boiling water until it ceases to 
 lose moisture. It is then powdered and assayed, the pharma- 
 copoeia directing that powdered Opium shall not contain more 
 than 16 per cent, of Morphine, nor less than 12 per cent. If 
 it contains more than the specified percentage, it is reduced 
 to the proper standard by adding some inert substance, most 
 manufacturers being content to fulfil the bare requirements of 
 the pharmacopoeia, and make it to contain 12 per cent, of the 
 alkaloids. Powdered Opium is directed to be used in making 
 
opium. 665 
 
 the various preparations of Opium as tincture, etc. ; but most 
 druggists disregard this direction, and use moist opium instead. 
 More uniform preparations may be prepared from the pow- 
 dered Opium, but it is doubtful if they contain any more of 
 the valuable constituents when thus prepared than when made 
 from a good quality of moist Opium. For the method of 
 assaying Opium, see the Pharmacopoeia. The dose of Pow- 
 dered Opium is from ^ to 2 grains or more. 
 
 2434. Opium Denarcotisatum. 
 
 Denarcotised Opium. 
 
 This preparation of Opium was introduced in the 1880 
 U. S. P. to supply an Opium deprived of its objectionable prin- 
 ciples. It has the same strength of Morphine as powdered 
 Opium, but is deprived of its narcotine and odorous prin- 
 ciples. 
 
 Macerate powdered Opium containing 14 per cent, of Mor- 
 phine, with Ether, using first 5 parts of Ether to 1 part of 
 Opium, and, after macerating 24 hours, pour off, then macerate 
 with 2.y 2 parts of Ether twice successively, and pour off as 
 before, then dry the residue by gentle heat, and add to the 
 powder enough powdered Sugar of Milk to make up the 
 original weight of Opium. 
 
 Uses. — This may be used in powder the same as Opium or 
 for making deodorized Tincture of Opium, the same quantity 
 as is directed of powdered Opium, and in the same manner 
 as ordinary Tincture of Opium is made. Being already de- 
 odorized it does not require treatment with ether. 
 
 Alkaloids in Opium. 
 
 Opium has been the subject of exhaustive chemical research 
 and a large variety of Alkaloids and salts are derived from it. 
 Only a few are used to any extent in pharmacy and medicine, 
 the remainder being interesting only as chemical curiosities. 
 The following list shows the Alkaloids which exist in Opium, 
 and some derived from them which have been prepared by 
 
(566 
 
 OPIUM. OXYGEN. 
 
 chemists. The important ones have been described among 
 the Alkaloids. 
 
 ALKALOID. 
 
 COMPOSITION. 
 
 PROPERTIES. 
 
 Per cent, in 
 ioo parts Opium 
 
 
 C 17 H 17 NO s 
 
 C 1s H 1q NO, 
 
 Sedative, Emetic. 
 
 From Morphine. 
 From Codeine. 
 0.678. 
 
 
 Codeine 
 
 C 18 H sl NO a 
 
 C 20 H, 5 NO 4 
 C 1B H ls NO s 
 
 C 21 H 23 N0 6 
 
 C,„H„NO c 
 
 Sedative 
 
 Cotarine 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deuteropine 
 
 
 
 Gnoscopine C 34 H3 6 N 2 11 
 
 
 
 Hydrocotarine C,oH,,NO„ 
 
 
 
 
 CooHo.NO. 
 
 
 
 Laudanine 
 
 C 20 H 25 NO 4 
 C 21 H 27 N0 5 
 C 21 H 23 N0 4 
 C 17 H 19 N0 3 .H 2 
 C 33 H 29 N0 9 
 C,,H 23 N0 7 
 
 c 2 ;h 83 no 5 
 
 C 21 H 21 N0 4 
 C 19 H 21 N0 3 
 C 20 H 19 NO 5 
 C 17 N 19 N0 4 
 C gl H ai NO e 
 C 19 H 81 NO a 
 H 3 C 7 H0 7 
 Ci H 10 O 4 
 
 
 Laudanosine 
 
 
 
 
 0.804. 
 10.842. 
 
 0.662. 
 
 6.808. 
 From Narcotine. 
 
 
 Anodyne 
 
 Narcotic 
 
 Narcotic 
 
 Narcotic 
 
 
 
 
 Papaverine 
 
 
 
 From Morphine. 
 
 Protopine 
 
 
 Pseudomorphine 
 
 Sedative 
 
 From Morphine. 
 
 Thebaine 
 
 
 
 
 
 5-I54- 
 
 
 
 Meconoisin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Besides the medicinal constituents of Opium mentioned, it 
 contains in 100 parts: Resin, 3.582; gummy matter, 26.242; 
 mucus, 19.086; fatty matter, 2.166; caoutchouc, 6.012; and 
 water, 9.846. 
 
 OXYGENIUM — OXYGEN. 
 
 Symbol, O; Atomic weight 15.96. 
 
 Oxygen is a gaseous element, transparent, colorless, 
 odorless, and tasteless, about 16 times the weight of hy- 
 drogen. In a free state it constitutes about one-fifth of the 
 volume of the atmosphere. Combined with hydrogen it forms 
 about eight-ninths of the weight of water, and in this com- 
 bination and union with other elements it constitutes a large 
 proportion of all animal and vegetable as well as mineral mat- 
 
OXYGENIUM — OXYGEN. PANCREATIN. 667 
 
 ter, — forming, it is estimated, fully one-half the solid crust of 
 the earth. 
 
 It supports combustion, and unites with all the elements, 
 except fluorine (with which it is not known to combine), form- 
 ing oxides. With many of the elements it unites in more than 
 one proportion, its combinations being then known as mon- 
 oxides, di, deut or fowoxides, ter or /rz'oxides, /r/roxides and 
 j>entoxides, as they combine with I, 2, 3, 4 or 5 volumes of 
 Oxygen. 
 
 Oxides which are reduced from hydrates by depriving them 
 of the elements of water, without otherwise changing their 
 composition, are frequently called anhydrides. In combination 
 with hydrogen Oxygen unites with many positive bases, form- 
 ing hydrates or hydroxides. 
 
 Oxygen is most readily obtained for experimental purposes 
 by heating Chlorate of Potassium with about one-eighth its 
 weight of manganese dioxide in a flask and collecting the gas. 
 
 The combinations of Oxygen with bases are noted under 
 the basic substances with which it combines. 
 
 Oxidation is the operation by which Oxygen combines with 
 other substances forming Oxides. The term oxigenation is 
 sometimes used to describe the same process. 
 
 Ozone is an allotropic form of Oxygen, produced by the 
 union of three atoms of Oxygen in one molecule, while the 
 Oxygen molecule is composed of but two atoms. It is a color- 
 less gas, having a peculiar unpleasant odor, and rapidly chang- 
 ing into normal Oxygen. It is a wonderful bleaching and de- 
 odorizing agent. It is produced by the action of electricity on 
 Oxygen and by other methods, and was formerly called electri- 
 fied air. 
 
 2435. PANCREATINUM — PANCREATIN. 
 
 Pancreatin is a ferment, the agent by which fats are con- 
 verted into emulsions before entering the circulation. It is 
 obtained for medicinal use from the Pancreas of beef by chop- 
 ping them fine, macerating with successive portions of water, 
 
PANCREATIN. PEPSIN. 
 
 acidulated with Hydrochloric Acid (i part to 30), straining 
 the liquids, then filtering through coarse paper, neutralizing 
 by adding Carbonate of Calcium, again filtering, adding to the 
 filtrate an equal bulk of Alcohol, and after standing gathering 
 the precipitate, washing, pressing between bibulous paper and 
 drying. The product is a transparent, brittle, yellow mass, 
 which might properly be called Crystal Pancreatin. This is 
 used in pharmacy in making emulsions and elixirs, and in 
 medicine to aid the assimilation of fats. The dose is 5 to 10 
 grains. 
 
 2436. Pancreatinum Saccharatum. 
 
 Saccharated Pancreatin. 
 
 Pancreatin, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 Powder them together. The dose is from 20 to 60 grains 
 or more. 
 
 2437. PEPSINUM - PEPSIN. 
 
 Pepsin is a ferment, the agent by which a portion of the food 
 which is taken into the stomach is dissolved and fitted for 
 assimilation. It is obtained from the lining or mucous mem- 
 brane of the stomachs of various animals, that from the 
 stomach of the hog being preferred for most purposes. Prof. 
 Scheffer's method is now quite generally employed. It is as 
 follows : The fresh stomachs are deprived of their fat and 
 divested of their outer coating, cut open, gently washed with 
 cold water, and macerated for several days in a " pickle " com- 
 posed of Water 30 parts, and Hydrochloric Acid 1 part, with 
 frequent stirring. The liquid is then strained and filtered clear 
 through coarse paper, or allowed to stand 24 hours, and 
 then poured off. Common salt is then added and thoroughly 
 mixed with the liquid. The Pepsin rises to the top, and after 
 
PEPSINUM — PEPSIN. 669 
 
 standing is skimmed off and drained in a strainer, then sub- 
 mitted to strong pressure to force out all that is possible of 
 the saline solution, and carefully dried in warm air without 
 heat. This constitutes the Crude Pepsin which is used for 
 making Purified Pepsin, Saccharated Pepsin, etc. 
 
 Purified Pepsin or Scale Pepsin. — This is prepared by 
 redissolving the crude Pepsin, before drying, in water acidu- 
 lated with Hydrochloric Acid, then adding just sufficient salt 
 to separate it from its solution, washing it gently with cold 
 water and draining, pressing, and drying rapidly on glass with 
 gentle heat. 
 
 Crystal Pepsin. — A Pepsin bearing this brand is prepared 
 by Dr. Carl L. Jensen, of Philadelphia. The process by which 
 it is prepared is said to be by subjecting the stomachs to the 
 action of heat and dilute acid, whereby a gastric digestion 
 takes place and a Peptone containing their digestive ferments 
 is produced. It is then purified and dried in the manner 
 above described. 
 
 Many rival manufacturers of Pepsin under different names 
 urge the superiority of their product, but the process as given 
 (2437) is believed, if properly conducted, to produce the most 
 reliable of any. 
 
 2438. Pepsinum Saccharatum. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin. 
 Saccharated Pepsin is now official in the U. S. and may be 
 prepared as follows : 
 
 Scale or Crude Pepsin, . . . . I part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 The value of this preparation must, of course, depend upon 
 the scale or crude Pepsin which is employed. The pharmaco- 
 pceia requires that 1 part of the finished product dissolved in 
 500 parts of water acidulated with 7.5 parts of Hydrochloric 
 Acid shall digest at least 50 parts of hard-boiled egg albumen, 
 in 5 or 6 hours, at a temperature of 38 to 40 C. (iOO° to 
 
 104 F.) 
 
 It is a fact that much of the Saccharated Pepsin of the 
 market is nearly worthless. 
 
670 PEPSINUM — PEPSIN. PEPTONES. 
 
 2439. Pepsin Compound. 
 
 Compound Powder of Pepsin. 
 
 Scale or purified Pepsin, 10 parts. 
 
 Pancreatin, pure, 10 parts. 
 
 Diastase (Vegetable Ptyalin), 1 part. 
 
 Lactic Acid, I part. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 3 parts. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, 75 parts. 
 
 Powder the Pepsin and Pancreatin by rubbing with the 
 Sugar of Milk, add the Diastase, and, when they are all 
 reduced to a fine powder and intimately mixed, add the Acids 
 first to a small portion by rubbing them well together and then 
 add the remainder and mix. 
 
 If Saccharated Pancreatin and Pepsin are used, 47^ parts 
 of each should be used and the Sugar of Milk omitted. 
 
 Under the name " Lactopeptine" a preparation put up by 
 the New-York PJiarmacal Association has had an extensive 
 sale. Its composition is similar to the foregoing. 
 
 2440. PEPTONES. 
 
 Peptones are formed by the action of Pepsin or Pepsin, 
 Pancreatin, etc., on albuminous foods or substances. They 
 are in fact partially digested foods, fitted for assimilation. 
 Several manufacturers have introduced preparations containing 
 Peptones, to aid disordered peptic digestion, etc. They are 
 usually made by chopping lean beef very fine and macerating 
 it for about 6 hours in a Solution of Pepsin with water and 
 hydrochloric acid, at a temperature of about 104 F. The 
 beef is thus mostly dissolved, the mixture is strained, and the 
 solution may be combined with various medicines as may be 
 required. Excess of Pepsin and Pancreatin are sometimes 
 added, and the solution thus prepared is added to wine, elixirs, 
 emulsions, etc. The liquid Peptone is also evaporated and 
 furnished in the form of a scale salt, as Beef Peptone. 
 
PETROLEUM. 671 
 
 PETROLEUM. 
 
 This important hydrocarbon, which is obtained from the earth 
 by drilling " oil wells," is the source of many valuable sub- 
 stances employed in pharmacy and medicine. As obtained 
 from the earth it is called " Crude Oil," or " Crude Petroleum." 
 By fractional distillation several light etherial products are 
 first obtained, then the illuminating oils, and after these the 
 heavier products, among which are Petrolatum and Paraffin. 
 Crude Petroleum is considerably used in liniments for rheu- 
 matism, swellings, etc. 
 
 The lighter products of the fractional distillation of Petro- 
 leum are 
 
 2441. Cymogene, Sp. gr. 0.590, which boils at 32 F., the freezing point of 
 water, and is only obtained by condensing the vapors, which first pass over, 
 by a specially constructed pump. It has no practical use. 
 
 2442. Rhigolene, Sp. gr. 0.625. Boils at 65° F., and is condensed by ice 
 and salt from the first vapors that come over. It is used for freezing mixtures, 
 and as a spray for local freezing in surgical operations. It must be handled 
 with great caution. 
 
 2443. Gasoline, Petroleum Ether or Benzine.— Sp. gr. 0.665 to 0.675. 
 Condensed in a worm by cold water. It is extensively used for vaporizing 
 in gas machines and for burning in properly-constructed stoves, also for re- 
 moving grease and as a solvent for fixed oils. This is the Official Benzine, see 
 page 189. 
 
 2444. Naphtha. — Sp. gr. 0.695 to 0705. This is a heavier form of Gaso- 
 line, used for burning and as a solvent for oils, etc. See page 1 89. 
 
 2445. Benzine.— Sp. gr. 0.725 to 0.737. This was formerly extensively 
 used as a substitute for Turpentine, but is now little employed except as a 
 solvent for gums, in making some kinds of varnishes and rubber. It is 
 mostly worked in with the illuminating oils. 
 
 2446. Carbon Oil or Refined Petroleum.— Sp. gr. 0.800 to 0.815. This 
 is the Illuminating Oil which varies considerably in sp. gr. etc., as made for 
 different purposes and by different houses. The standard test at which 
 Carbon Oil will flash or explode when heated, is regulated by legislation in 
 different States from 120 F. to 150 F., New- York test being 138 F. Signal 
 Oil, which is burned in lanterns and locomotive engines, is a still higher test 
 oil usually mixed with Sperm Oil. After the illuminating Oils are obtained, 
 lubricating Oils are separated, then the heavier products Petrolatum, Paraffin 
 (370), Carbolic Acid, and other derivatives, which correspond to the products 
 obtained from Coal Tar. 
 
672 PETROLATUM. PHENYL. 
 
 2447. PETROLATUM. 
 
 Cosmoline, Vaseline, Petroleum Ointment, etc. 
 
 This is official in the U. S. P., and is described as a semi- 
 solid substance consisting of hydrocarbons chiefly of the 
 marsh-gas series (C 16 H 34 , etc.), obtained by distilling off the 
 lighter and more volatile portions from American Petroleum 
 and purifying the residue. Its melting point is from 104 to 
 125° F. This substance is mostly prepared from the residuum 
 which collects in storage tanks, oil wells, etc., which is famil- 
 iarly known as " B. S. Oil." From this the lighter portions 
 are distilled and the residue transferred to large percolators or 
 cylinders, partly filled with freshly-prepared animal charcoal 
 (bone black) and kept heated by proper appliances to a degree 
 which will liquefy the oil. As it comes through the percolator 
 it is deodorized and decolorized, the first portions being white 
 when cold and the later runs being from a light amber to a 
 dark color. It is then brought up to the proper melting point, 
 which is usually 104 F., by adding paraffin and mixing them 
 thoroughly. 
 
 Uses. — The value of this product as an ointment base has 
 caused it to be almost universally adopted for that purpose in 
 advance of official directions. It does not become rancid by 
 age. It is claimed that it is not so readily absorbed as lard, 
 and that some desired chemical changes in some ointments do 
 not take place when this is used. These objections are noted 
 under the proper formulas. 
 
 Paraffin, Paraffin Oil, Lubricating Oil, and other Petroleum 
 products have been noticed elsewhere. 
 
 PHENYL. 
 
 Phenyl is the hypothetical radical of the Phenyl series of 
 compounds, of which Phenol and Phenylamine are derivations. 
 
 2448. Phenol or Carbolic Acid— C 6 H 5 HO.— A product of the distilla- 
 tion of coal-tar between the temperatures of 180 and 190 C. (356 and 
 374° F.). 
 
PHENYL. PHOSPHORUS. 673 
 
 Carbolic Acid or Phenol is the hydrate of Phenyl, or Phenic Alcohol. 
 Crude Carbolic Acid is a liquid distilled from coal-tar, containing many 
 empyreumatic products. Pure Crystallized Carbolic Acid is made by distill- 
 ing crude Carbolic Acid and purifying the crystallized product obtained by 
 repeated distillations. (See 28.) 
 
 Cresylic Acid or Cresol, C 7 H 8 0, is a homologue of Carbolic Acid, very 
 similar to it, but less soluble. 
 
 Phenol-pthalein is prepared from Phenol and Pthalic Anhydride. It is 
 used in making a test solution. 
 
 2449. Phenylamine or Aniline, C 6 H H 3 N, is the base of the Aniline 
 salts so extensively used for dyeing. (See 179.) It is prepared by treating 
 an alcoholic solution of Nitrobenzol with Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulphide 
 until Sulphur is precipitated. The liquid portion is again treated with Hydro- 
 gen Sulphide until no more sulphur can be precipitated. The liquid is then 
 mixed with an excess of acid, filtered, boiled, and distilled with an excess of 
 Caustic Potassa. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 Symbol, P; Atomic weight, 31. 
 
 Phosphorus is a non-metallic element, existing in nature 
 mainly in the form of salts, and obtained for use by decom r 
 posing its compounds. It is mostly prepared from Acid Cal- 
 cium Phosphate by heating with charcoal and collecting the 
 distillate under warm water, afterward filtering by squeezing 
 through chamois leather under warm water, theii moulding it 
 in sticks, in which form it comes into the market. 
 
 Phosphorus assumes several allotropic forms under different 
 treatment. In its normal condition, as above described, it is 
 the ordinary Phosphorus of the market, pale-yellow, semi- 
 transparent; soft and waxy when warmed to about 75°F., 
 melting at iii°F., taking fire in the air at l65°F., and slowly 
 oxidizing in the air at all temperatures above 6o°F. It must 
 be preserved under water. 
 
 Uses. — Phosphorus is extensively used in making matches, 
 ami in the form of pills and solutions is considerably employed 
 in medicine as a nerve tonic and vitalizer. Its acids and salts 
 are important pharmaceuticals extensively used both in medi- 
 cine and pharmacy and in the industrial arts. The dose of 
 
 Phosphorus is from , ,', „ to ,,'„ grains, in pills or solution. 
 
674 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 Allotropic Forms of Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus assumes under different treatment several allotropic forms, 
 which, although different in physical characteristics, are the same chemically. 
 
 2450. Red or Amorphous Phosphorus is prepared by exposing ordinary 
 phosphorous to an atmosphere of Carbonic Acid at 225° to 25o°C. for several 
 days, when it is converted into a red, amorphous mass, having entirely differ- 
 ent properties than ordinary phosphorous, being non-luminous, non-combus- 
 tible at ordinary temperatures, and non-poisonous. . When heated to 28o°C. 
 it is reconverted into ordinary phosphorus. 
 
 White Phosphorus, Black Phosphorus, and Liquid Phosphorus are other 
 allotropic forms obtained by various treatment but are not used in pharmacy. 
 
 Combinations of Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus combines with the metallic bases forming Phosphides, the more 
 important ones being noticed under the metals with which it combines. It 
 also unites with the non-metals, forming compounds, the more important of 
 which are here noticed. 
 
 2451. Chloride of Phosphorus — PC1 5 . — By the spontaneous combustion 
 of Phosphorus in an excess of dry Chlorine, or by passing dry Chlorine into 
 liquid Terchloride of Phosphorus, an Oxychloride of Phosphorus, PC1 3 0, is 
 made by heating Chloride of Phosphorus with a quantity of Water insufficient 
 to convert it into Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 2452. Hydride of Phosphorus, PH 3 , or Phosphoretted Hydrogen, is an 
 explosive gas made by boiling Phosphorus with Milk of Lime, as in making 
 Hypophosphorus Acid. It has a very disagreeable smell. 
 
 2453. Oxides of Phosphorus. — With Oxygen, Phosphorus forms three 
 Oxides, Phosphoric Oxide, P 2 5 , Phosphorus Oxide, P 2 3 , and Hypophos- 
 phorus Oxide, P 2 0. 
 
 2454. Acids of Phosphorus. — The more important of these Acids have 
 been already described. (34, 42, 43.) 
 
 Orthophosphoric Acid, H 3 P0 4 (tribasic), is made by dissolving Phosphoric 
 Oxide in water, or by the action of Nitric Acid on Phosphorus. The 50 per 
 cent, solution is the U. S. official Phosphoric Acid. The salts made by com- 
 bining this Acid with bases are called Phosphates. 
 
 Pyrophosphoric Acid, H 4 P 2 0, by heating Orthophosphoric Acid to 2i3°C. 
 (41 5.4 F.). 
 
 Metaphosphoric Acid by igniting tribasic Phosphoric Acid or by dissolving 
 P 2 5 in cold water. These three Acids correspond with the Oxides above 
 mentioned. 
 
PICROTOXINU M — PICROTOXIN. PILULE — PILLS. 675 
 
 Phosphorous Acid, H 3 P0 3 , cannot be formed directly from Phosphorus 
 Oxide but is a dibasic Acid, containing one hydrogen atom that cannot be 
 replaced by a metal. The salts of this Acid are called Phosphites. 
 
 Hypophosphorus Acid, H 3 P0 2 , cannot be made directly from Hypophos- 
 phorous Oxide. It contains two hydrogen atoms not replaceable by a metal. 
 It is the acid basis of the Hypophosphite salts. 
 
 2455. PICROTOXINUM — PICROTOXIN. 
 
 C 9 H 10 O 4- 
 
 A neutral principle prepared from the seeds of Anamirta 
 Paniculata — the kernel of Cocculus Indicus — by exhausting 
 with hot water, evaporating to an extract, mixing the extract 
 with Magnesia, then treating with hot Alcohol, filtering 
 through animal charcoal, concentrating by evaporation, and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as an antispasmodic and nerve tonic, 
 like Strychnine, in doses of jfo to -^ grain. 
 
 PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 Since the general introduction of sugar and gelatine-coated 
 pills, their manufacture has been almost entirely monopolized 
 by manufacturing houses. The pill business has come to be a 
 great nuisance to druggists, for the reason that so many manu- 
 facturers urge their claims for superiority upon the physicians, 
 that a large stock of many different makes must be kept on 
 hand in order to supply the demand. 
 
 It is not only unprofitable, but very annoying to be obliged 
 ep so many manufacturers' pills on hand, but as yet there 
 seems to be no way of avoiding it. 
 
 '1 he pills that are included iri the Pharmacopoeia constitute 
 but a very small portion of those in use, and as manufacturers' 
 pills are nearly always coated with sugar or gelatine, it maybe 
 said that scarcel)' any pills made by the Pharmacopoeia formula} 
 are dispensed by druggists. 
 
676 PILUL.L — PILLS. 
 
 The making and coating of pills to any great extent is 
 impracticable for the mass of druggists, because it requires 
 considerable apparatus and some experience and skill ; and 
 further, because there are so few of any but the leading or 
 special pills used that it does not pay to make the small quan- 
 tity required for the retail trade. Many druggists, however, 
 prefer to make their own pills as a matter of reliability. We 
 give, therefore, the general processes for making and coating 
 pills, and such formulae as may seem expedient for those who 
 wish to prepare their own pills. 
 
 The recent introduction of reliable powdered extracts of 
 American manufacture, has very much simplified the making 
 of pills, as the ingredients may be readily and accurately mixed 
 before combining into a pill mass. 
 
 Many of the old solid extracts were very difficult to work 
 evenly into a pill mass, and required much preparation before 
 they were ready for use. 
 
 This is now happily done away with by the introduction of 
 powdered extracts of all dangerous drugs, and by the use of 
 which a thorough distribution of the medicinal agents may be 
 secured. 
 
 Not only are the powdered extracts better on this account, 
 but the mass can be much more readily prepared ; as, with the 
 old solid extracts it was often necessary to soften them, so 
 that an extra amount of drier had afterwards to be used, which 
 increased the bulk of the pill. Small pills are now the fash- 
 ion in medicine, and a pill without some kind of coating is 
 looked upon with great disgust by the great American stom- 
 ach. Upon the nicety of the pill depends the nicety with 
 which it can be coated, so we will first consider the pill itself, 
 and afterwards its outer covering. This is the reverse of the 
 view taken by the pill-taker, as he usually is more concerned 
 as to the character of the covering than the character of the 
 pill ; but the pill-maker and the pill-taker can hardly be ex- 
 pected to take the same view of the subject. 
 
 The directions which follow are intended for the use of the 
 ordinary druggists, with such conveniences as they all have, to 
 make and coat pills in small quantities, suitable for the retail 
 .trade, and for extemporaneous and prescription business. 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 677 
 
 Conveniences for Pill Making. 
 
 Pill Mac/ilnes are only adapted to making certain sizes of 
 pills. For the manufacturer who is making large quantities of 
 certain sizes they are a great assistance, but for the retail 
 druggist but little use can be made of them. Those who have 
 them can use them for such sizes as their material will prop- 
 erly make, but it is hardly advisable for those who do not have 
 them to buy them, as there are so few pills for which they can 
 be used. 
 
 Materials vary so much that it is almost impossible for the 
 druggist to so regulate the mass as to get the desired amount 
 of material in each pill, when working with a machine. Take, 
 for instance, Calomel and Quinine, a two-grain pill of one 
 would be much smaller than a two-grain pill of the other, but 
 the pill machine would make them both of the same size. 
 
 They are very convenient for marking and dividing the pill, 
 and those who have them can use them for that purpose, but 
 a simple, inexpensive pill marker and divider is more service- 
 able. The ordinary pill tile will answer every purpose. This, 
 with a pill roller, a pill rounder, and the ordinary mortars 
 and pestles completes the necessary outfit for ordinary pill 
 making, and experience does the rest. 
 
 The Excipients. 
 
 Many Excipients have been proposed for making pills, with 
 which druggists are already familiar, as mucilage, syrup, glu- 
 cose, honey, soap, glycerin, etc., and all of them have their 
 uses, but nothing has been found so good for general purposes 
 as the Starch Plasma, or, as we shall call it here, Excipient. 
 
 It is tenacious without being elastic, readily mixable, free 
 from odor or objectionable taste, does not mould or spoil, 
 keeps without change, keeps the pills soft and pliable, is inex- 
 pensive, and readily made as follows: 
 
 2456 Excipient. 
 
 Starch, in fine powder, 1 drachm. 
 
 Glycerin, by weight 1 ounce. 
 
678 PILUL/E — PILLS. 
 
 Mix and heat, with constant stirring, to boiling (240 F.), or 
 until it has assumed a uniform gelatinous mass. Too high a 
 degree of heat must not be used, as it will burn the Starch on 
 the bottom, and it must be constantly stirred to prevent this 
 result. It can be made best on a sand-bath. 
 
 In making pills with this Excipient, use only a small quan- 
 tity, well worked in with the pestle, and then if more is 
 required it may be added. 
 
 The Driers. 
 
 The chief use of the Drier is to dust the tile and roller and 
 the pills after they are made, to prevent sticking together. 
 
 It is also sometimes necessary to use it with the mass when 
 the extracts used are too soft or when oils or other liquids 
 enter into the composition. 
 
 A great many substances are used as Driers, as Powdered 
 Liquorice Root, Lycopodium, Flour, Starch, etc., but the best 
 dryer to meet all the requirements for which it is needed, is 
 made thus : 
 
 2457. Drier. 
 
 Starch, in very fine powder, ) , , . , 
 
 - - equal parts, mixed. 
 
 Elm Bark, in very fine powder, 1 
 
 This will be found much better than powdered Liquorice, 
 Lycopodium, or other substances usually used for this purpose. 
 
 Finely powdered Starch or Wheat Flour alone is better for 
 white pills than the above Drier, as it does not color them. 
 Dextrine also makes a good Drier for colored pills. 
 
 They are best applied as a dusting, with an ordinary salt 
 sprinkler or pepper-box, such as are used on the dining table. 
 
 This completes the list of requisites for making pills, except, 
 of course, the drugs that enter into their composition. 
 
 Making Pills. 
 
 The Mass should always be made in a mortar, propor- 
 tionate to the amount required, and with a long-handled 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 679 
 
 pestle, not too large. It is best to observe the following order 
 in making the mass, so as to secure the best results in the 
 least time. 
 
 First. — Reduce all crystals or pulverizable masses to a very 
 fine powder by rubbing in the mortar. Powerful drugs like 
 Strychnine, Atropia, Morphia, etc., should be mixed with a 
 small quantity of Sugar of Milk in powdering, so as to secure 
 a thorough distribution of their particles. When the crystals 
 or other drugs are thoroughly powdered, add any powdered 
 extracts, resinoids, or other powdered drugs that may be 
 directed, and mix thoroughly and intimately in the mortar. 
 
 Second. — Add any solid extracts, confections or other masses 
 that may be directed, taking great care to have them in such 
 condition that they can be readily worked up with the other 
 ingredients. Most extracts can be softened by warming a 
 little ; some require a little Water or Alcohol. Mix these 
 thoroughly with the powders in the mortar by working them 
 in with the pestle. 
 
 When this is done, if it requires to be softened (which is 
 generally the case), add enough of the Excipient to make into 
 a pilular mass, or, if too soft, add enough of the Drier to 
 harden it. 
 
 In using the Excipient but a small amount isjiecessary, but 
 it must be well worked in. 
 
 Never add Alcohol, Water, or Syrup to a pill mass if it can 
 be avoided. 
 
 If any oils are directed in the formula, they should be mixed 
 in a mortar with the Excipient before it is added to the mass. 
 They are thus emulsified and the oily particles broken up, so 
 that a thorough distribution is effected. Do not add oils to 
 the powders in the mortar, as a portion of the powder absorbs 
 the oil and the distribution is much retarded. It is also much 
 more difficult to work the mass than when the oils are first 
 combined with the Excipient. 
 
 If two much Excipient has been used, Drier may be added 
 to bring it to the requisite temper, but it is better to be care- 
 ful and not add too much, as the Drier increases the bulk and 
 size of the pill. 
 
680 PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 The Pill. Having now prepared the mass, the Pill is next 
 in order. 
 
 First. — Weigh the mass carefully and then (if for more than 
 24 Pills) divide it into portions that will make as many Pills 
 as the Pill machine, tile, or divider indicates — 12, 18 or 24 is 
 the usual number. For instance, if 100 Pills are to be made, 
 and the whole mass weighs 316 grains, each Pill will be 3.16 
 grains. If the Pill tile, divider or machine is marked for 18 
 Pills, 3.16x18=56.88, or 57 grains, should be the weight of 
 each portion, and you will have as many portions as 18 is con- 
 tained in 100, or 5^ portions. 
 
 Second. — Dust the tile or machine with the drier, and roll 
 each portion out to the length indicated for the number of 
 Pills. Several portions may be rolled out together at the same 
 time, side by side, if the mass is of proper consistence, and 
 drier is properly used. They should be rolled evenly from end 
 to end, with a slanting motion of the roller. 
 
 When rolled to the proper length, divide as indicated by the 
 tile, divider or machine, and roll into Pills. Complete the 
 rolling at last by rolling the rounded Pills gently with a circu- 
 lar motion of the roller on the slab. Put in a shallow tin, or 
 other convenient dish, in a cool place to harden. 
 
 A jelly-cake tin is very convenient for this purpose. A scale 
 pan may also be used. The Pills, thus prepared, are ready for 
 coating. 
 
 Coating Pills. 
 
 Pills are coated chiefly to render them tasteless while being 
 taken ; but the coating serves the further important office of 
 protecting them from the atmosphere. 
 
 Sugar Coating. — The apparatus for coating Pills advan- 
 tageously with sugar is quite expensive, and the experience 
 required to coat them artistically is considerable. They may, 
 however, be coated in a small way by revolving the Pills after 
 they are made in a little albumen or mucilage, to give them a 
 thin coating, then transferring to another dish, dusting 
 them well with finely powdered sugar, and rolling them in a 
 shallow evaporating dish, thus giving them an even coating. 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 681 
 
 This method is only used for extemporaneous work. To 
 coat Pills with sugar as they are found in the market requires 
 large copper revolving globes, of which the upper third is cut 
 off, and which are revolved at an angle (the same as are used 
 by confectioners). The best apparatus of this sort is also ar- 
 ranged for an oscillating motion, which prevents the Pills from 
 adhering to the side. They are also arranged with heating 
 apparatus, so that the heat may be maintained at any desired 
 degree. 
 
 The Pills are first partially dried, then coated over with 
 Tincture of Tolu or a Solution of Shellac. Then put in the 
 coating apparatus, add a little syrup of white sugar and a 
 sprinkling of starch from time to time, while the globe is slowly 
 revolved, a very moderate heat being applied at the same time, 
 until the coating is of sufficient thickness. To give a finish or 
 polish to the Pills after they are coated, they are agitated in 
 the coater with a few lumps of paraffine or wax. It is obvious 
 that small quantities of Pills cannot be conveniently sugar- 
 coated in this manner. 
 
 It will thus be seen that sugar-coating Pills as they are 
 found in the market requires expensive machinery, experience 
 and time, which are not at the disposal of the ordinary drug- 
 gist in his business. 
 
 Gelatine Coating. — Pills may be coated with Gelatine by 
 sticking them on pins and dipping them in a Solution of Gela- 
 tine, etc., heated sufficiently to keep it liquid, then revolving 
 them in the air until the coating is sufficiently set so that the 
 Pills will not adhere when put together. The solution for 
 Gelatine or Soluble Coating may be made as follows : 
 
 2458. Gelatine Coating. 
 
 Best White Gelatine, Cooper's, Cox's, or 
 
 French, I ounce av. 
 
 Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Gelatine in the water, by heat of water- 
 bath, and strain through a tin strainer or a sieve into a water- 
 bath, which must be kept warm, adding a trifle of warm water 
 
682 PILUL.E — PILLS. 
 
 occasionally to make up for the evaporation. Dip the Pills 
 in the Solution quickly, and revolve in the air until dry. 
 
 2459. Gelacacia or Soluble Coating. 
 
 Gelatin, best white 1 ounce av. 
 
 Gum Arabic, select, ]/ 2 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, % ounce av. 
 
 Water, 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Gum Arabic in 2 ounces of the Water by 
 allowing to stand over night, add this to the Gelatin and bal- 
 ance of the Water and Glycerin and heat to dissolve the Gel- 
 atin. W T hen dissolved strain and keep warm with a water-bath 
 while using. 
 
 The pills, stuck on pins or needles, are to be dipped into 
 the solution and dried by revolving in the air. 
 
 This makes the best and smoothest coating for pills. It 
 may with propriety be called Gelatin Coating. Apparatus of 
 various kinds may be obtained for Gelatin-Coating pill, but 
 without experience it proves generally unsatisfactory in the 
 hands of druggists. 
 
 Pills may also be coated with a solution of Shellac, 90 grains 
 to 1 ounce of Alcohol, which does very well for extemporane- 
 ous work. They may be dipped in the solution or revolved 
 in an evaporating dish with a very small quantity of it. 
 
 2460. Silvering and Gilding Pills. 
 
 Pills are sometimes coated with silver or gold leaf. This is 
 done simply by moistening the pills with a thin coating of 
 Albumen or Acacia solution and then revolving in a small 
 globe in which leaves of silver or gold have been placed. The 
 process is familiar to most druggists and many already have 
 the small globes for silvering or gilding. 
 
 Besides the substances already mentioned for coating pills, 
 French Chalk or Starch are sometimes used, the pills being 
 first rolled in a solution of Acacia and then transferred to 
 another dish containing the coating substance, which adheres 
 sufficiently for the purpose. Paraffin and Cacao Butter are 
 also used for coating pills. 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 683 
 
 Formulae for Pills. 
 
 In the formulae which follow it is not intended to give work- 
 ing formulas for definite quantities of Pills, but only the com- 
 position of those most used, with such hints as may be neces- 
 sary for making them. The composition is mostly given for 
 one Pill only, and it is obvious that any number may be cal- 
 culated by multiplying the ingredients of the formula by the 
 number of Pills desired. 
 
 2463. Abernethy's Pills. — Aloes 
 Socotrine, Extract Hyoscyamus, each 2 
 grains, Pill Hydrarg., 1 grain, Ipecac 
 f grain. 
 
 2464. Aconitine Pills. — (Amor- 
 phus) are made y£^ and ^ grain, each 
 with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2465. Aconitine Pills (Dequesnels 
 Crystallized), are made 5^ to^J-^ grain 
 each, with Extract Gentian as an ex- 
 cipient. 
 
 2466. Aconite Extract Pills. — 
 These may be made %, % or 1 grain, 
 or to contain x /% to l / z minim of Tincture 
 of Aconite in each. 
 
 2467. Aloes Pills.— The U. S. for- 
 mula is equal parts of purified Aloes and 
 Soap, to make a 4-grain Pill. The Br. 
 P. directs these to be made both from 
 Barbadoes and Socotrine Aloes, contain- 
 ing about one-half Aloes, one-fourth each 
 Soap and Confection of Roses, anil .,'., 
 part Oil of Caraway. 
 
 2468. Aloes and Asafetida Pills. — 
 The U. S. P. directs purified Aloes, 
 Asafetida and Soap, each l 1 /^ grains. 
 The Br. P. directs the same propor- 
 tions, with the addition of about the 
 same quantity of Confection of Roses, 
 the dose being 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 2469 Aloes and Iron Pills.— The 
 U. S. P. directs purified Aloes, dried 
 Sulphate of Iron and Aromatic Powder, 
 each one grain, with sufficient Confection 
 of Roses to make a mass. The Br. 
 
 formula is Sulphate of Iron 1%. part, 
 Barbadoes Aloes 2 parts, Compound 
 Powder of Cinnamon 3 parts, Confec- 
 tion of Roses 4 parts, the dose being 5 
 to 10 grains. Some manufacturers add 
 l / 2 grain Extract Conium to each Pill. 
 
 2470. Aloes and Mastic — Lady 
 Webster's Dinner Pill. — Purified Aloes 
 2 grains, Mastic, Red Rose, each )/ z 
 grain in each Pill. This is a favorite 
 Dinner Pill. 
 
 2471. Aloes and Myrrh Pills — 
 The U. S. formula is purified Aloes 2 
 grains, Myrrh 1 grain, Aromatic Pow- 
 der ^ grain, mixed with syrup, in each 
 pill. The Br. is about the same. 
 
 2472. Aloes, Myrrh and Iron 
 Pills. — Socotrine Aloes, Myrrh, each 
 2 grains, dried Sulphate of Iron 1 grain, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2473. Aloes and Nux Vomica 
 Pills. — Socotrine Aloes i]/ z grains, 
 Extract Nux Vomica )4 grain, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2474. Aloes, Nux Vomica and 
 Belladonna Pills.— Add ; s urain Ex- 
 tract of Belladonna to the former for- 
 mula. 
 
 2475. Aloin Pills.— These Pills are 
 made , * grain, 2 grain, ^ on grain of 
 Aloin in each, with Extract of Gentian 
 as an excipient. 
 
 2476. Aloin Compound Pills. — 
 Aloin 'yn j^rain, Podophyllum Js grain, 
 Extract Belladonna ){ grain, in each 
 
684 
 
 PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 pill. Many other compounds are made 
 with Aloin and Podophyllin. 
 
 2477. Aloin and Strychnine Pills. 
 
 — Aloin I grain, Strychnine ■£$ grain, 
 with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2478. Aloin, Strychnine and Bel- 
 ladonna Pills. — Add }i grain Extract 
 of Belladonna to each pill, made as the 
 preceding. 
 
 2479. Alterative Pills. — Ipecac, 
 Opium, each y$ grain, Pill Hydrag. 
 (Blue Mass), 1 grain in each pill. 
 
 2480. Anderson's (Scot's) Pills. 
 
 — These are generally prepared in this 
 country from Aloes 24 parts, Castile 
 Soap 4 parts, Colocynth and Gamboge, 
 each 1 part, Oil Anise %, part, made 
 into 3 grain pills. 
 
 2481. Anti-bilious Pills— Com- 
 pound Extract of Colocynth 2^ grains, 
 Podophyllin % grain in each. Many 
 other similar formulas may be used. 
 
 2482. Anti-Constipation Pills. — 
 
 Juglandin, Leptandrin, each % grain, 
 Extract Henbane )/% grain, Strychnine 
 j-jj^ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2483. Anti-Chill Pills.— Chinoidin 
 1 grain, Oleo-resin, Black Pepper, 1 
 grain, Ferrocyanide of Iron 2 grains, 
 Arsenious Acid -£§ grain in each. 
 Many other similar formulas may be 
 used. 
 
 2484. Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. — 
 
 Strychnine -£$ grain, Extract Belladon- 
 na, Ipecac, each ^ grain, Blue Mass, 
 Extract Colocynth Compound, each 2 
 grains in each pill. 
 
 2485. Anti-Periodic Pills.— Sul- 
 phate Cinchonidine I grain, Sulphate 
 Iron ^ grain, Podophyllin, Gelsemin, 
 each 4ts grain, Strychnia -^ grain, Oil 
 Capsicum -fa drop, in each pill. 
 
 2486. Anti-Malarial Pills.— Sul- 
 phate Quinine 1 grain, Sulphate Cin- 
 chonidine 1 grain, Arsenious Acid ^ 
 grain, Carbolic Acid % grain, Oil Pep- 
 
 permint }i grain, Capsicum % grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2487. Anthelmintic Pills.— Santo- 
 nine, Calomel, each 1 grain in each 
 pill, with confection Senna as an excip- 
 ient. 
 
 2488. Aperient Pills.— Extract Col- 
 ocynth Compound 2 grains, Extract 
 Nux Vomica ^ grain, Extract Hyoscy- 
 amus x / z grain in each pill. Many other 
 pills may be put up under this name. 
 
 2489. Aphrodisiac Pills. — Extract 
 Damiana 2 grains, Extract Nux Vomica 
 y$ grain, Phosphorus y^ grain, in each 
 pill 
 
 2490. Arsenious Acid Pills. — 
 These pills are made -£$, -^, -£$, and ■£$ 
 grain, with Excipient or Extract Gen- 
 tian in each pill. 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic and other salts of 
 Arsenic are made generally about -g^ 
 grain in each pill. 
 
 2491. Asafetida Pills. — Asafetida, 
 in powder \ x / 2 grain, Castile Soap ^ 
 grain in each, well rubbed together to 
 form a mass. This makes a 2-grain 
 pill. Double the quantities for 4-grain 
 pill. Asafetida Pills should be well 
 coated with Tolu or Shellac. 
 
 2492. Asafetida Pills Compound, 
 
 or Compound Galbanum Pills.— The Br. 
 P. directs Asafetida, Galbanum, Myrrh, 
 each 2 parts, Treacle 1 part to make a 
 mass, of which 5 to 10 grains is a dose. 
 
 2493. Asafetida and Iron Pills. — 
 Asafetida 2 grains, dried .Sulphate of 
 Iron 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2494. Asafetida and Nux Vomica 
 
 Pills.— Asafetida 3 grains, Extract Nux 
 Vomica ^ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2495. Atropine Pills.— These are 
 made to contain j^, j^q, or ■£$ grain 
 of Atropine with Excipient or Extract 
 Gentian in each. 
 
 2496. Belladonna Extract Pills. 
 
 — Pills of Extract of Belladonna are 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 685 
 
 made -J v , yi, ]i, and ^ grain, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2497. Bismuth Subnitrate Pills. 
 These pills are made 3 or 5 grains, with 
 excipient, in each pill. Subcarbonate 
 of Bismuth is also made into pills the 
 same quantity. 
 
 2498. Bismuth and Nux Vomica 
 Pills. — Bismuth 2^ grains, Extract 
 Nux Vomica % grain, in each pill. 
 
 2499. Bromide of Ammonium, 
 Bromide of Potassium, and Bro- 
 mide of Sodium Pills are made 5 
 grains in each pill, but they are much 
 more desirable in the form of elixirs or 
 solutions. 
 
 2500. Blue Pill or Pill Hydrarg. 
 — This mass is made up into pills y z 
 grain, 1 grain, 3 grains, and 5 grains 
 each. 
 
 2501. Blue Pill Compound. — Blue 
 Mass 1 grain, Opium l / 2 grain, Ipecac 
 % grain, in each pill. 
 
 2502. Caffeine Citrate Pills.— Cit- 
 rate of Caffeine 1 grain, with excipient 
 in each Pill. 
 
 2503. Calcium Sulphide Pills. — 
 These Pills are made to mask the dis- 
 agreeable odor of this salt. \(j,%,y2,l, 
 2 and 3 grains, each with excipient. 
 
 2504. Calomel Pills.— Pills of Cal- 
 omel are made fVi i. 1 > 2 > 3 an< 3 5 grains, 
 each with excipient. 
 
 2505. Calomel Compound Pills. — 
 Compound Pills of Antimony, Plutn- 
 vur's Pills. — The U. S. formula is 
 Sulphurated Antimony, Calomel each \ 
 grain, Resin Guaiac 1 grain, in each 
 pill. The Br., Till contains Castor Oil 
 also. 
 
 2506. Calomel, Nux Vomica and 
 Podophyllin Pills. — Calomel 1 grain, 
 Extract Nux Vomica ^ grain, l'odo- 
 phyllin y z grain, in each pill. 
 
 2507. Calomel and Opium Pills. — 
 Calomel 2 grains, Opium 1 grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2508. Calomel and Rhubarb Pills. 
 
 — Calomel •/ grain, Extract Rhubarb, 
 Compound Extract Colocynth, each % 
 grain, Extract Hyoscyamus l /e grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2509. Camphor Compound Pills. 
 — Camphor, Opium, Kino, each 1 grain, 
 Capsicum -^ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2510. Camphor Hyoscyamus Pills. 
 
 — Camphor, Extract Henbane, each 1 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 251 1. Camphor, Hyoscyamus and 
 Valerian Pills. — Camphor, Henbane 
 Extract, each 1 grain, Extract Valerian 
 j4 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2512. Camphor Monobromated 
 Pills. — These Pills are made with 2 
 grains, 3 grains or 5 grains of mono- 
 bromated Camphor, in each Pill. 
 
 2513. Camphor and Opium Pills. 
 
 — Camphor 2 grains, Opium 1 grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2514. Camphor, Opium and Tan- 
 nin Pills. — Camphor i%. grains, 
 Opium, Tannin, each ^5 grains, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2515. Cannabis Indica Extract 
 Pills. — These are made %, % and 1 
 grain of the Extract in each pill. 
 
 2516. Capsicum Pills. — Capsicum 
 1 grain, with Extract Gentian as an ex- 
 cipient in each pill. 
 
 2517. Cascara Sagrada Extract. 
 
 — Cascara Sagrada Extract 2 grains, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2518. Cathartic Compound Pills. 
 
 — The U. S. formulu is Compound Ex- 
 tract of Colocynth 130 grains, Abstract 
 of Jalap 100 grains, Mild Chloride of 
 Mercury ioograins, Gamboge 25 grains, 
 to make 100 pills. 
 
 2519. Cathartic Compound Pills. 
 — Active. — Calomel, Powdered Extract 
 Colocynth Compound, Gamboge, Cas- 
 tile Soap, each '/$ grain, Ipecac, j- grain, 
 Socotrine Aloes }4 grain, Rhubarb % 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 grain. Capsicum, Podophyllin each y 1 ^ 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2520. Cathartic Compound Pills. 
 — Mild. — Calomel % grain, Colocynth 
 Compound % grain, Ipecac ]/(, grain, 
 Gamboge, Socotrine Aloes, Rhubarb, 
 Capsicum, Castile Soap, each ]A, grain, 
 Podophyllin 4$ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2521. Cathartic Compound Im- 
 proved Pills. — Extract Colocynth Com- 
 pound 1 grain, Extract Jalap yl grain, 
 Resin Podophyllin y$ grain, Resin Lep- 
 tandrin y% grains, Extract Hyoscya- 
 mus % grain, Extract Gentian % grain, 
 Oil Peppermint ^ minim, in each pill. 
 
 Several other similar formulas are in 
 use. 
 
 2522. Cathartic Vegetable Pills. 
 — j Grains. — Compound Extract Colo- 
 cynth i]4. grains, Podophyllin y$ grain, 
 Leptandrin % grain, Extract Jalap % 
 grain, Socotrine Aloes % grain, Extract 
 Hyoscyamus % grain, Oil Peppermint 
 t^jj minim, in each pill. 
 
 2523. Cerium Oxalate Pills.— 
 
 These are made 1, 2 or 3 grains, with 
 Excipient or Extract of Gentian in 
 each pill. 
 
 2524. Charcoal Pills.— Willow 
 Charcoal 3 grains in each. 
 
 2525. Chinoidin Pills.— These are 
 made )4, 1, 2, 3 or 5 grains of purified 
 Chinoidin in each. 
 
 2526. Chinoidin Compound Pills. 
 
 — Chinoidin 2 grains, Iron 1 grain, 
 Piperin }4 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2527. Cinchona Bark Alkaloids 
 Pills. — Sulphate of Quinine, Sulphate 
 of Quinidine, Sulphate of Cinchonine, 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, each % 
 grain, in each pill made in a mass with 
 excipient. 
 
 2528. Cinchonine Sulphate Pills. 
 
 — These are made iyi, 2, 3 and 5 
 grains in each, with excipient. 
 
 2529. Cinchonidine Sulphate 
 Plils. — These are made 1, 2, 3, 4 and 
 5 grains in each pill, with excipient. 
 
 2530. Coca Extract Pills. — These 
 are made 1, 2, or 3 grains of the Ex- 
 tract in each pill. 
 
 2531. Cocaine Pills. — These are 
 made of the alkaloid and also of the 
 hydrochlorate, %, %, and 1 grain in 
 each pill. 
 
 2532. Codeine Pills. — These are 
 made y 1 ^, yi, %, and % grain of the 
 alkaloid with Extract of Gentian as an 
 excipient in each pill. 
 
 2533. Colocynth Compound Ex- 
 tract Pills. — These are made 3 grains 
 of the extract in each pill. 
 
 2534. Colocynth Compound Pills. 
 — The Br. P. directs Colocynth Pulp 4 
 parts, Barbadoes Aloes 8 parts, Resin 
 of Scammony 8 parts, Sulphate of Pot- 
 assium 1 part, Oil of Cloves 1 part, to 
 be mixed and beat into a mass, of 
 which 5 to 10 grains is the dose. Man- 
 ufacturers furnish 4 and 5 grain pills of 
 this composition. 
 
 2535. Colocynth Compound and 
 Blue Mass Pills. — Extract Colocynth 
 Compound 3 grains, Blue Mass 2 grains, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2536. Colocynth, Ipecac and Blue 
 Pills. — Blue Mass, Extract Colocynth 
 Compound, each 2 grains, Ipecac ]/(, 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2537. Colocynth and Hyoscyamus 
 Pill.— The Br. P. directs Colocynth 
 Compound Pill 2 parts, Extract of Hy- 
 oscyamus 1 part, to be made into a 
 mass, of which the dose is 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 2538. Colocynth and Podophyllin 
 Pill. — Compound Extract of Colo- 
 cynth iy 2 grains, Resin of PodophyLin 
 % grain, in each pill. 
 
 2539. Colocynth, Hyoscyamus, 
 and Blue Mass Pills. — Compound 
 Extract of Colocynth 3 grains, Extract 
 
PILULE — PILLS. 
 
 687 
 
 Hyoscyamus, Blue Mass, each i grain 
 in each pill. 
 
 2540. Colocynth, Nux Vomica, 
 and Belladonna Pills. — Compound 
 Extract of Colocynth 2 grains, Extract 
 Nux Vomica %. grain, Extract Bella- 
 donna -^j grain, in each pill. 
 
 2541. Conium Extract Pills. — 
 
 Extract of Conium j4 grain, 1 or 2 
 grains, in each pill. 
 
 2542. Conium Compound Pills. — 
 The Br. P. directs Conium Extract 5 
 parts, Ipecac 1 part, to be made into a 
 mass with Treacle, of which the dose is 
 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 2543. Cook's Pills. — Rhubarb, 
 Aloes, each 1 grain, Calomel ^ grain, 
 Soap % g ra i n > m eacn Pil'- 
 
 2544. Copaiba Pills. — Solidified 
 Copaiba is made up into pills of 3 grains 
 each. 
 
 2545. Copaiba and Cubebs Pills. 
 
 — Solidified Copaiba 2 parts and Oleo- 
 resin Cubeb 1 part is made up into pills 
 of 3 to 5 grains each. It is necessary 
 to use some drier, as Magnesia, in mak- 
 ing this pill. 
 
 2546. Copaiba Compound Pills. 
 
 — Pill Copaiba, Resin Guaiac, each 1% 
 grain, Citrate Iron, Oleo-resin Cubebs, 
 each y 2 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2547. Corrosive Sublimate Pills. 
 
 — These may be made T J ff , T V. in, tV- 
 or yi grain of the salts, with Extract 
 Gentian, in each pill. 
 
 2548. Croton Oil Pills.— Croton 
 Oil y 2 grain, Wheat Flour i l / 2 grain in 
 each pill, with excipient or some extract. 
 
 2549. Cubebs and Alum Pills.— 
 Extract Cubebs 2 grains, Alum 1 grain, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2550. Cubebs, Rhatany, and Iron 
 Pills.— Kxtract Cubebs i l / 2 grains, 
 Extract Rhatany */ 2 grain, Sulphate of 
 Iron, 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2551. Damiana Extract Pills. — 
 These are made 3 to 5 grains of the 
 extract in each pill. 
 
 2552. Damiana and Phosphorus 
 Compound Pills. — Extract Damiana 
 2 grains, Extract Nux Vomica )/% grain, 
 Phosphorus y-J-g- grain, in each pill. 
 
 2553. Digitalin Pills. — Digitalin 
 ■g 1 ^ grain in each pill with Extract of 
 Gentian as excipient. 
 
 2554. Digitalis Extract Pills. — 
 Digitalis Extract y z grain in each pill. 
 
 2555. Digitalis Compound Pills. 
 — Digitalis, Squills, each 1 grain, Ni- 
 trate Potassium 2 grains, in each pill. 
 
 2556. Dinner Pills (Chapman's). — 
 Aloes, Mastic, each 1%. grain, Ipecac 1 
 grain, Oil Fennel -fe grain, in each pill. 
 
 2557. Dinner Pills (Cole's). — Blue 
 Pill, Aloes, Jalap, each 1^ grains, Tar- 
 tar Emetic ^j grain, in each pill. 
 
 2558. Dinner Pill (Dr. Hall's)— 
 Aires Pill Dihde. — Aloes, Liquorice, 
 Soap, and Theriaca, each 1 grain in 
 each pill. 
 
 2559. Dinner Pill (Lady Web- 
 ster's). — Aloes 2 grains, Mastic % 
 grain, Rose Leaves yi grain, beat 
 together, in each pill. 
 
 2560. Diuretic Pills.— Extract of 
 Buchu, Nitrate of Potassium, each 1 
 grain, Squill j4 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2561. Elaterium Pills (Clutter- 
 buck's). — These are made - 3 J to -fa 
 grain each of Elaterium with Extract 
 Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2562. Elaterin Pills.— These are 
 prepared ,,',,, to „'„ grain of the neutral 
 principle Elaterin in each pill with Ex- 
 tract Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2563. Emmenangogue Pills.— I'.r- 
 gotin, Extract Cotton Root, Aloes, 
 Iron, each 1 grain, Oil Savin ^ grain, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2564. Ergotin Pills. — These are 
 made with Ergotin 1, 2, or 3 grains in 
 
PILUL/E — PILLS. 
 
 each pill. One grain of Ergotin equals 
 10 grains of Ergot. 
 
 2565. Ergotin Compound Pills 
 (Dr. C. Godson's). — Ergotin 3 grains, 
 Extract Cannabis Indica }/(, grain, 
 Strychnine u ^ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2566. Eucalyptus Extract Pills. 
 — These are made 2 to 4 grains in each 
 pill. 
 
 2567. Extract Pills. — Any extract 
 can be made up into pills as desired, 
 the quantity in the pill being regulated 
 according to the medium dose usually 
 given of the extract. 
 
 2568. Ferruginous Pills (Blaud's 
 Pills). — Sulphate of Iron, dried, Car- 
 bonate of Potassium, each in equal 
 quantities, made into a mass with pow- 
 dered Tragacanth, \)/ 2 or 2^ grains 
 each of the Iron and Potassium, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2569. Gelsemium Extract Pills. — 
 These are made 1 grain each of Gelse- 
 mium Extract. 
 
 Gelsemin Pills are made j4 grain 
 with Extract Gentian excipient. 
 
 2570. Gentian Extract Compound 
 Pills. — Extract Gentian, Aloes, each 7^ 
 grain, Rhubarb 1^3 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2571. Gonorrhoea Pills. — Cubebs 
 2 grains, Pill Copaiba 1 grain, Sulphate 
 Iron Exsic. x / 2 grain, Venice Turpen- 
 tine 1% grain, in each pill. 
 
 2572. Grindelia Robusta Extract 
 Pills. — These are made 3 grains Ex- 
 tract Grindelia, in each pill. 
 
 2573. Guarana Extract Pills.— 
 Extract of Guarana or Paullinia 1 or 3 
 grains in each pill. 
 
 2574. Helonias Compound Pill.— 
 Helonias x /% grain, Caullophyllin j^f 
 grain, Vibernin y% grain, Extract 
 Mitchella \*4. grain, in each pill. 
 
 2575. Hepatic Pills.— Blue Pill 3 
 grains, Extract Colocynth Compound 2 
 grains, Extract Belladonna % grain. 
 
 2576. Hooper's Pills.— Barbadoes 
 Aloes 1 grain, Sulphate Iron Exsic. y i 
 grain, Extract Hellebore, Gum Myrrh, 
 Castile Soap, each )i grain, Jamaica 
 Ginger l /% grain, Canella Alba l /% grain 
 in each pill. 
 
 2 577- Hydrastine Pills. — These 
 are made y or 1 grain each of the white 
 Alkaloid. 
 
 2578. Hyoscyamus Extract Pills. 
 — Extract of Hyoscyamus ^ on grain 
 in each pill. 
 
 Hyoscyamine (resinoid) Pills are made 
 y grain in each pill. 
 
 Hyoscyamine (alkaloid) Pills are made 
 ^ and x^ grain and -^ grain in each 
 pill. 
 
 2579. Hypophosphites Compound 
 Pills. — Hypophosphite of Lime 1 grain, 
 Hypophosphite of Soda y grain, Hypo- 
 phosphite of Potassium y z grain, Hypo- 
 phosphite of Iron y grain, Extract Gen- 
 tian )/ 2 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2580. Iodoform Pills. — Iodoform 
 
 1 grain with Extract of Gentian y z grain 
 as an excipient in each pill. 
 
 2581. Iodoform and Iron Pills. — 
 
 Iodoform, Iron by Hydrogen each 1 
 grain with Extract of Gentian as an ex- 
 cipient in each pill. 
 
 2582. Iodoform, Iron and Quinine 
 Pills. — Iodoform 1 grain, Protocarb. 
 Iron 2 grains, Quinine Sulph. y 2 grain 
 in each pill. Other combinations of 
 Iodoform are made with Opium, Nux 
 Vomica, etc. 
 
 2583. Ipecac Pills. — Ipecac %, y, 
 or 1 grain in each pill with excipient. 
 
 2584. Ipecac and Opium Pills, 
 
 Dover s Pills. — Dover's Powder 1 grain, 
 
 iy 2 grains and 5 grains each in each pill. 
 
 A Pill of Ipecac and Opium in which 
 
 2 grains represent the active ingredients 
 of 5 grains of Dover's Powder may be 
 made with Opium and Ipecac, each y 
 grain, Sulphate of Potassium 1 grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
PILUL.E — PILLS. 
 
 2585. Ipecac and Hyoscyamus 
 Pills. — Ipecac, Extract Hyoscyamus, 
 each 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2586. Ipecac and Squill Pills. — 
 Dover's Powder 3 grains, Squill, Ammo- 
 niac, each 1 grain, with Theriaca as an 
 excipient. This is official in the Br. P. 
 
 2587. Irisin Compound Pills.— 
 Irisin % grain, Podophyllin j f) - grain, 
 Strychnine £$ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2588. Iron by Hydrogen Pills 
 (Quevenne's Pills). — These are made 
 1 grain, 2 grains or 4 grains of Iron by 
 Hydrogen in each pill, with Ext. Gen- 
 tian as excipient. 
 
 2589. Iron Bromide Pills. — Brom- 
 ide of Iron 3 grains, with Extract Gen- 
 tian as excipient in each pill. 
 
 2590. Iron Citrate Pills.— These 
 are made 2 or 3 grains of Citrate of 
 Iron (not Citrate of Iron and Ammo- 
 nium) in each pill. 
 
 2591. Iron Citrate and Cincho- 
 nidine Pills. — Citrate of Iron 1 y 2 grain, 
 Cinchonidine Sulph. y 2 grain, in each 
 pill. These pills are also made 3, 4 or 
 5 grains in the same proportion. 
 
 2592. Iron Citrate and Quinine 
 Pills. — These are made 1, 2, 3, 4 and 
 5 grains of Citrate of Iron and Quinine 
 in each pill. 
 
 2593. Iron Citrate and Strych- 
 nine Pills. — Citrate of Iron 1 grain, 
 Strychnine ..',, grain, in each pill. 
 
 2594. Iron Citrate, Quinine and 
 Strychnine Pills. — Citrate of Iron and 
 Quinine 1 grain, Strychnine - 1 ,, grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2595. Iron Ferrocyanide Pills.— 
 Ferrocyanide of Iron 3 grains with Ext. 
 
 m as excipient in each pill, 
 
 2596. Iron Iodide Pills.— Blanch- 
 artfi I 'ills. — These are made t grain 
 of Iodide of Iron in each pill, with 
 Extract < rentian as excipient. 
 
 2597. Iron Lactate Pills. — Lac- 
 tate of Iron 1 grain in each pill, with 
 Extract Gentian as excipient. 
 
 2598. Iron Phosphate Pills. — 
 
 Phosphate of Iron 1, 2, 3 or 5 grains, 
 in each pill. 
 
 Many Compounds of Phosphate of 
 Iron with other salts and substances are 
 made in the same proportion as com- 
 binations of Citrate of Iron. 
 
 2599. Iron Proto-Carbonate Pills. 
 
 — Vallefs Pills — These are made of 
 Vallet's Mass, 2, 3 or 5 grains. The 
 Br. Official Formula for Pill of Carbon- 
 ate of Iron is Saccharated Carbonate of 
 Iron 4 parts, Confection of Roses 1 
 part. 
 
 2600. Iron Sulphate Exsiccated 
 Pills. — These are made from dried 
 Sulphate of Iron 4 grains, with Extract 
 of Gentian as excipient, in each pill. 
 
 2601. Iron Valerianate Pills. — 
 Valerianate of Iron 1 grain in each pill, 
 with Extract Gentian as excipient. 
 
 2602. Jaborandi Extract Pills. — 
 These are made 3 grains of Extract of 
 Jaborandi in each pill. 
 
 2603. Jalap Extract Pills.— Ex- 
 tract of Jalap 1 grain in each pill. 
 
 2604. Laxative Pills. — Rhubarb 1 
 grain, Castile Soap }( grain, Socotrine 
 Aloes, y z grain, Myrrh '/$ grain, Ipecac 
 
 ,'.. grain, Bircarb. Soda l / z grain, Oil 
 Anise -, 1 ., minim, in each pill. 
 
 2605. Leptandrin Pills. — These 
 are made %., 1 or 2 grains of Resin 
 Leptandrin in each pill. 
 
 2606. Leptandrin Compound Pills. 
 
 — Leptandrin 1 grain, Irisin % grain, 
 I'odophyllin ' ,' grain, in each pill. 
 
 2607. Lupulin Pills. — These are 
 made 3 grains of Lupulin in each pill. 
 
 2608. Lupulin and Camphor Pills. 
 — Lupulin 1 grain, Camphor 1J2 grains, 
 in each pill. 
 
690 
 
 PILUL.E — PILLS. 
 
 2609. Lupulin and Lettuce Pills. 
 
 — Lupulin 1 grain, Extract of Lettuce 
 2 grains, in each pill. 
 
 2610. Mandrake Extract Pills. — 
 These are made 1 grain of Extract of 
 Mandrake in each pill. 
 
 261 1. Mercurial or Blue Pill. — Br. 
 
 Blue Mass — is made with Mercury 2 
 parts, Confection of Roses 3 parts, 
 Liquorice Root 1 part. Rub the Mer- 
 cury with the Confection of Roses until 
 Globules of Mercury are no longer vis- 
 ible, then add the Liquorice and mix 
 the whole well together. 
 
 2612. Mercury Bin-Iodide Pills.— 
 
 These are made with Red Iodide of 
 Mercury j^, £g or ^ grain in each pill, 
 with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2613. Mercury Cyanide Pills. — 
 Cyanide of Mercury ^ grain in each 
 pill. 
 
 2614. Mercury Proto-Iodide Pills. 
 
 — These are made yi, A, %, y 3 , and l /-, 
 grain of Green Iodide of Mercury in 
 each pill. 
 
 2615. Mercury with Chalk Pills. 
 
 — These are made yi and 1 grain of 
 Hydrarg. cum Creta, in each pill. 
 
 2616. Morphine Pills are made of 
 the Acetate, Muriate, Sulphate, and 
 Valerianate of Morphine r \, yi, Ye, 
 and % grain each, the ' s grain being 
 the size more frequently used. 
 
 Morphine is also combined with 
 many other salts in the form of pills. 
 
 2617. Morphine Compound Pills. 
 (Dr. Hubbard's). — These are made 
 with yi, ]/(,, or X grain of Morphine 
 Sulphate combined with 2 grains of 
 Extract of ilyoscyamus and 1 grain of 
 Camphor, in each pill. 
 
 2618. Neuralgia Pills (Brown- 
 Sequard). — Extract Belladonna yi 
 grain, Extract Stramonium -| grain, Ex- 
 tract Cannabis Indica % grain, Extract 
 Aconite J/j grain, Extract Opium yi 
 
 grain, Extract Conium 1 grain, Extract 
 Ilyoscyamus 73 grain, in each pill. 
 
 With Extract Ignatia add y 2 grain 
 Extract Ignatia in each pill. 
 
 2619. Neuralgia Pills (Dr. Gross). 
 — Sulphate of Quinine 2 grains, Sulphate 
 of Morphine t,\ grain, Powdered Ex- 
 tract Aconite j4 grain, Strychnine ■£$ 
 grain, Arsenious Acid -^ grain, in each 
 pill. 
 
 Without Morphine, omit the Mor- 
 phine from above formula. 
 
 2620. Nux Vomica Extract Pills. 
 — These are made y± and l / z grain of 
 the extract in each pill. 
 
 2621. Opium Pills. — Opium is 
 made up into pills of 1 grain each, 
 with Soap as an excipient. 
 
 2622. Opium Extract Pills. — 
 Aqueous Extract of Opium is made 
 into y, %, and 1 grain pills. 
 
 2623. Opium and Acetate of Lead 
 Pills. — These pills are made with 1 
 grain each Opium and Acetate of Lead 
 in each pill, also with ]A grain Opium, 
 lyi grain Acetate of Lead, or with 
 Acetate of Lead 6 parts, Opium 1 part, 
 Confection of Roses 1 part, to make a 
 5 grain pill, the latter being the Br. P. 
 formula. 
 
 2624. Ox Gall Pills.— Purified Ox 
 Gall 2 grains, Ginger 1 grain 
 
 2625. Phosphate Iron, Quinine, 
 and Strychnine Pills. — Phosphate of 
 Iron 2 grains, Quinine I grain, Strych- 
 nine g 1 ^ grain. 
 
 2626. Phosphorus Pills.— The U. 
 S. P. directs Phosphorous Pills to be 
 made by dissolving 1 grain of Phospho- 
 rus in a test tube with 50 grains of puri- 
 fied Chloroform, then mix Althcea 80 
 grains with Acacia 20 grains in a mor- 
 tar, add the dissolved Phosphorus, mix, 
 then add Glycerin 40 grains, Water 20 
 grains, to make a mass which is to be 
 divided into 100 pills. These are then 
 to be well coated over with a solution of 
 
PILUL.-E — PILLS. 
 
 691 
 
 Tolu in stronger Ether. Each pill con- 
 tains y^j grain Phosphorus. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 3 grains of Phos- 
 phorus and 120 grains of Balsam of 
 Tolu to be put into a small mortar 
 about half full of hot water, and when 
 the Phosphorus has melted and the Bal- 
 sam become sufficiently soft they are to 
 be well rubbed together until no parti- 
 cles of Phosphorus are visible, the 
 temperature of the water being main- 
 tained to about 6o c C, 140° F. Yellow 
 Wax 57 grains is then added and mixed 
 with the mass under water, and the 
 whole then allowed to cool and be kept 
 under water. 
 
 When dispensed, 2 grains of this pro- 
 duct is to be rubbed with one grain of 
 Soap, a few drops of Alcohol being 
 used if necessary to soften the whole. 
 Three grains of the mass represents ^ 
 grain Phosphorus. 
 
 Washed Tolu is also used as a means 
 of dividing Phosphorus, and an excipi- 
 ent is made with Phosphorus 24 grains, 
 White Wax 60 grains, Venice Turpen- 
 tine 156 grains, which contains ten per 
 cent, of Phosphorus and is very con- 
 venient for making pills. 
 
 Phosphorus Pills are made j^- G , -fa, 
 **&• 'sV> ~ia grain each of Phosphorus, 
 with Soap, Wax, or other excipient, and 
 should be well coated with a varnish of 
 Tolu or Shellac. 
 
 2627. Phosphorus Compound 
 Pills. — Phosphorus , ,* grain, Extract 
 Nux Vomica % grain. 
 
 These are also made Phosphorus ,.\, 
 grain, Extract Xux Vomica % grain, or 
 Phosphorus -'„ ;<rain, Extract Nux 
 Vomica ' s grain, in each pill. 
 
 2628. Phosphorus Compound and 
 Iron Pills.— Phosphate of Iron %. 
 grain, Phosphorus ,,',,, grain, Extract 
 Nux Vomica % grain, in each pill. 
 
 2629. Phosphorus and Extract 
 Aconite Pills.— Phosphorus .,'„ grain, 
 Extract Aconite ,',. grain, in each pill. 
 
 2630. Phosphorus and Cannabis 
 Indica Pills. — Phosphorus J^ grain, 
 Extract Cannabis Indica % grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2631. Phosphorus, Digitalis, and 
 Hoscyamus Pills. — Phosphorus -£$ 
 grain, Extract Digitalis, Extract Hyos- 
 cyamus, each 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2632. Phosphorus and Iron Pills. 
 — Phosphorus -^ grain, Iron by Hydro- 
 gen 2 grains, in each pill. 
 
 2633. Phosphorus, Iron, and Aloes 
 Pills. — Phosphorus ■£$ grain, Sulphate 
 Iron Exsic. 1% grain, Aloes 1 grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2634. Phosphorus and Quinine 
 Pills. — Phosphorus ^ grain, Sulphate 
 Quinine 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2635. Phosphorus, Iron, and 
 Quinine Pills.— Phosphorus jfo grain, 
 Sulphate Quinine 1 grain, Vallet's Mass 
 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2636. Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine, 
 and Nux Vomica Pills.— Phospho- 
 rus 1 mi grain, Extract Nux Vomica ]4, 
 grain, Vallet's Mass, Quinine Sulphate, 
 each 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2637. Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine, 
 and Strychnine Pills. — Phosphorus 
 -^•(f grain, Iron by Hydrogen, Sulphate 
 of Quinine, each 1 grain, Strychnine -fa 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2638. Podophyllin Pills.— These 
 are made £, .] , I and 1 grain of Podo- 
 phyllin Resinoid in each pill with Extract 
 of Mandrake or Gentian as an excipient. 
 
 2639. Podophyllin Compound 
 Pills. — Podophyllin I grain, Extract 
 Hyoscyamus J grain, Extract Nux Vo- 
 mica ,',., grain, in each pill. 
 
 2640. Podophyllin and Blue 
 Pills. — Podophyllin jj grain, Blue Mass 
 2k grains, in each pill. 
 
 2641. Podophyllin, Capsicum and 
 Belladonna Pills. — Podophyllin | 
 -rain, Extract Belladonna \ grain, Cap- 
 sicum .'. grain, in each pill, 
 
092 
 
 PILUL/E — PILLS. 
 
 2642. Podophyllin, Colocynth, 
 Hyoscyamus and Calomel Pills. — 
 Podophyllin, Extract Hyoscyamus, each 
 I grain, Compound Extract Colocynth, 
 Calomel, each r grain, in each pill. 
 
 2643. Podophyllin and Leptan- 
 drin Pills. — Podophyllin ] grain, Lep- 
 tandrin 1 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2644. Quinidine Sulphate Pills. 
 — These are made 1, 2, or 3 grains with 
 excipient in each pill. 
 
 2645. Quinine Bisulphate Pills. 
 
 — These are prepared ^, I, 1, 2, 3, 4, 
 or 5 grains in each pill, with excipient. 
 
 2646. Quinine Salts Pills.— Most 
 of the Salts of Quinine, except the Sul- 
 phate, are made into 1 grain pills only. 
 Other sizes can of course be made. The 
 Bromide, Carbolate, Salicylate, Sulpho- 
 carbolate, Valerianate, etc., are used. 
 
 2647. Quinine Sulphate Pills.— 
 Quinine Pills, as they are popularly 
 called, are more extensively used than 
 any other, except perhaps Cathartic 
 Pills. They are made in all sizes, £, ^, 
 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 grains of Sulphate of 
 Quinine, with excipient in each pill. 
 
 2648. Quinine and Aloes Pills. — 
 These contain f grain Quinine Sulph. 
 and 1 grain Aloes, in each pill. 
 
 2649. Quinine and Arsenic Pills. 
 
 — Quinine 1 grain, Arsenious Acid -^ 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2650. Quinine, Arsenic, and 
 Strychnine Pills. — Quinine 1 grain, 
 Arsenious Acid ^ grain, Strychnine £$ 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2651. Quinine Compound Pills. — 
 Quinine 1 grain. Iron by Hydrogen 1 
 grain, Arsenious Acid -fa grain. 
 
 A great many other combinations of 
 Quinine with other substances are put 
 up, but it is unnecessary to give the 
 formulas. 
 
 2652. Rheumatic Pills. — Com- 
 pound Extract Colocynth ingrains, Ex- 
 
 tract Colchicum Acet. 1 grain, Extract 
 Hyoscyamus J grain, Calomel | grain. 
 
 2653. Rhubarb Pills.— These are 
 made either of Powdered Rhubarb or of 
 Rhubarb Extract, of various sizes from 
 2 to 5 grains each. The U. S. official 
 pill is made 3 grains Powdered Rhubarb, 
 1 grain soap in each. 
 
 2654. Rhubarb Compound Pills. 
 
 — The U. S. formula is Rhubarb 2 
 grains, purified Aloes 1%. grains, 
 Myrrh 1 grain, Oil Peppermint ^ grain, 
 in each pill. The Br. formula is very 
 similar. 
 
 2655. Rhubarb Compound and 
 Blue Mass Pills.— Rhubarb Com- 
 pound Mass as above 3 grains, Blue 
 Pill 2 grains, in each pill. 
 
 2056. Rhubarb Compound and 
 Calomel Pills. — Rhubarb Compound 
 Mass as above \ x / z grains, Calomel 1 
 grain, in each pill. 
 
 2657. Salicin Pills. — These are 
 made 2^ and 5 grains of Salicin in 
 each pill with excipient. 
 
 2658. Salicylic Acid Pills.— Sali- 
 cylic Acid 2^ and 5 grains, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2659. Salicylic Acid with Mor- 
 phine Pills. — Salicylic Acid 2 l / z grains, 
 Morphine y^ grain, also 5 grains Sali- 
 cylic Acid, yi grains Morphine, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2660. Salol Pills. — These are made 
 3 and 5 grains of Salol in each pill. 
 
 2661. Sandal Wood Extract 
 Pills. — These are made 1 grain or 2 
 grains of Extract of Sandal Wood in 
 each pill. 
 
 2662. Sandal Wood Extract Com- 
 pound Pills. — Extract Sandalwood, 
 Pil. Copaiba, each 1 grain, Extract Cu- 
 bebs, Extract Matico, each %, grain. 
 
 2663. Santonin Pills. — These are 
 made x / z or 1 grain of Santonin in each 
 pill, with Extract Centian as excipient. 
 
PILUL/E — PILLS. 
 
 693 
 
 2664. Santonine and Calomel 
 Pills. — Santonin and Calomel, each % 
 grain in each pill. 
 
 2665. Scammony Compound Pills. 
 — The Br. P. formula is Resin of Scam- 
 mony, Resin of Jalap, Curd Soap, 
 Strong Tincture of Gentian, each 1 part, 
 made into a mass with Rectified Spirit. 
 The dose is 5 to 15 grains. 
 
 2666. Sedative Pills. — Morphine 
 Sulphate -fa grain, Ipecac }& grain, 
 Camphor £ grain, Extract Hyoscyamus 
 1% grains, in each pill 
 
 2667. Silver Nitrate Pills.— Ni- 
 trate of Silver % grain, made into a 
 mass with Extract of Gentian in each 
 pill, or an Excipient of 1 part of French 
 Chalk and 2 parts of Petrolatum maybe 
 used. 
 
 2668. Silver Nitrate and Opium 
 Pills. — Nitrate of Silver and Opium, 
 each X grain in each pill. 
 
 2669. Squill Compound Pills. — 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Squill \% part, 
 Ginger, Ammoniacum, Hard Soap, each 
 1 part, Treacle 2 parts or grains, to 
 make a mass of which 5 to 10 grains is 
 a dose. 
 
 2670. Strychnine Pills. — These 
 are made with Strychnine T } l0 , ,5',,, 4 1 , 
 A- A grain Strychnine in each pill, with 
 Extract Gentian as excipient. 
 
 2671. Strychnine Compound Pills. 
 
 — Strychnine , ,',„ grain, 1'hosphorus , ,', ,, 
 grain, Extract Cannabis Indica ^ grain, 
 Ginseng, Carbonate Iron, each 1 grain, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2672. Sulphur Iodide Pills. — 
 These are made .,'., and ,'„ grain of 
 Iodide of Sulphur, with Extract of (ien- 
 tian as an excipient. in each pill. 
 
 2673. Sumbul Extract Pills. — 
 Extract of Sumbul 1 grain in each pill. 
 
 2674. Syphilitic Pills (Ricord's 
 Modified). — Proto-Iodide of Mercury 
 
 Yz grain, Lactucarium, Extract Opium, 
 each T J u grain, Extract Conium 1 grain, 
 in each pill. 
 
 2675. Tannin Pills — These are 
 made 1 or 2 grains of Tannin in each 
 pill. 
 
 2676. Tartar Emetic Pills.— 
 These are made T ^ 7 , -%$, }i, or }£ 
 grain of the salt in each pill, with 
 Wheat Flour and excipient. 
 
 2677. Taraxacum Extract Pills. 
 Extract of Dandelion 2, 3, or 5 grains 
 in each pill. 
 
 2678. Tonic Pills (Dr. Aiken's). 
 
 — Sulphate Quinine 1 grain, Arsenious 
 Acid aV grain. Iron by Hydrogen ^ 
 grain, Strychnine ■£$ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2679. Triplex Pills. — Aloes 2 
 grains, Blue Mass 1 grain, Podophyllin 
 /+ grain, in each pill. 
 
 2680. Valerian Extract Pills. — 
 These are made 3 grains in each pill. 
 
 2681. Veratrine Pills.— These are 
 made j; 1 „ to .J.,- grain of Veratrine in each 
 pill, with Extract Gentian excipient. 
 
 2682. Zinc Oxide Pills. — Oxide of 
 Zinc l /i grain, with excipient, in each 
 pill. 
 
 2683. Zinc Phosphide Pills. — 
 These are made ]/(,, %, and % grain of 
 Phosphide of Zinc in each pill, with 
 excipient. 
 
 2684. Zinc Phosphide and Nux 
 Vomica Pills. — Phosphide of Zinc ,'„ 
 grain, Extract Nux Vomica % grain, in 
 each pill. 
 
 2685. Zinc Phosphide, Nux Vo- 
 mica and Quinine Pills. — Add 1 
 grain Quinine Su'phate to each pill as 
 made by the above formula. 
 
 2686. Zinc Valerianate Pills. — 
 Valerianate of Zinc 1 grain or 2 grains 
 
 in each pill. 
 
PIX — PITCH. 
 
 PIX — PITCH. 
 
 Several preparations, consisting of resinous or bituminous 
 substances, prepared in various ways, are known as Pitch. 
 They are similar to but more plastic than resins. 
 
 2688. Pix Burgundica — Burgundy Pitch. — A prepared concrete resin- 
 ous exudation from Abies Excelsa, containing a small quantity of terpene, 
 C 10 H ]6 , a little water, but composed mainly of resin. It is used chiefly in 
 making plasters and chewing gum. 
 
 2689. Pix Canadensis — Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch. — The prepared 
 resinous exudation of Abies Canadensis, consisting mainly of resins, with a 
 little terpene and water. The resinous exudate from hemlock trees is collected 
 and boiled in water, and the mass which rises to the surface strained while 
 hot, the strained product being Hemlock Pitch or Hemlock Gum, which is 
 used chiefly for making plasters. 
 
 2690. White Pine Pitch. — The pitchy substance which exudes from pine 
 trees when cut or tapped. When first obtained it is soft and semi-liquid, 
 and commonly known as Pitch. When exposed it hardens, and is known in 
 pharmacy as Turpentine or White Pine Turpentine or Gum (see 2424). The 
 soft pitch is frequently used in making plasters and ointments. 
 
 2691. Pix Liquida — Liquid Pitch or Tar. — The empyreumatic Oleo- 
 resin obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pinus Palustris, 
 is known as Pine Tar, which is official. Many other varieties of tar are ob- 
 tained from the destructive distillation of other wood, as Birch Tar, Juniper 
 Tar, etc. Tar is usually obtained as a by-product of charcoal manufacture 
 or the manufacture of Acetic Acid from wood. It consists of volatile pro- 
 ducts, as Oil of Tar, Creasote, etc., which are vaporized by heat, leaving a 
 black mass, solid when cool, and known as Black Pitch, which is used some- 
 times in plasters and as an ingredient in shoemaker's wax, etc. 
 
 2692. Coal Tar — Coal Tar is a residue left after the dry distillation of 
 Coal in the making of illuminating gas. It is extensively used in the arts for 
 various purposes, and in chemistry and pharmacy is the source of a great 
 number of important products. The more important of these products have 
 been mentioned under other headings, as Acid Carbolic or Phenol, Benzol, 
 Aniline, etc. 
 
 When Coal Tar is distilled and the product rectified, the lighter products 
 which first come over are separated as a brown, oily liquid, known as Light 
 Oil, and consisting of Benzol, C 6 H B , toluol, C 7 H 6 , Xylol, C 8 H 10 , and 
 several other similar substances. Then a black liquid, which is called Dead 
 Oil, is distilled, which contains aniline, napthaline, C 10 H 8 , phenol, anthracen, 
 and some other substances. The residue which is not volatilized is a Pitch, 
 known as Asphalt, which constitutes about two-thirds of the original volume 
 of coal tar. 
 
PLATINUM. PLUMBUM — LEAD. 695 
 
 PLATINUM. 
 
 Symbol, PL; Atomic weight, 194.4; Sp. gr., 21.5. 
 
 Platinum most nearly resembles gold of any of the metals, 
 and is sometimes called zvhite gold. It is a grayish-white metal, 
 one of the heaviest substances known, and is chiefly obtained 
 from alluvial soils in the form of small grains or small rolled 
 masses associated with other metals. Its rarity makes it as 
 expensive as gold, and it is used only to a limited extent in 
 the arts, and scarcely at all in pharmacy and medicine, but in 
 chemistry its uses are important. 
 
 Platinum Black is platinum in a very fine state of division, 
 and is used for electrical and chemical tests, it having the 
 power of absorbing oxygen and then imparting it to other 
 combustible substances, thus causing their oxidation. 
 
 2693. Platini Chloridum — Chloride of Platinum. — This 
 is the only official Salt of Platinum, and is used only in a test 
 solution. It is made by dissolving Platinum in Nitro-hydro- 
 chloric Acid to saturation, and then evaporating the solution 
 to dryness. 
 
 Like Gold, Platinum forms double salts with Chloride of 
 Ammonium, Chloride of Sodium, and Chloride of Potassium. 
 They may be made in the same manner as Chloride of Gold 
 and Sodium (252). 
 
 2694. Spongy Platinum, or Platinum Sponge, is made by 
 heating Ammonio-chloride of Platinum to redness, by which 
 the other salts are volatilized, leaving the Platinum in spongy 
 form. 
 
 2695. Oxides of Platinum.— With Oxygen, Platinum forms two Oxides: 
 Platinous Oxide, i'10., and Plaiinic Oxide, P10„. 
 
 PLUMBUM- LEAD. 
 
 Symbol, Pb ; Atomic weight, 206.5; Sp. gr. 11.45. 
 
 Lead is a soft, bluish elementary metal, similar in chemical 
 characteristics to Copper, Silver, and Mercury, but widely differ- 
 ing from them in physical properties. It is obtained chiefly from 
 
696 PLUMBUM — LEAD. 
 
 the native sulphide, Galena, or lead ore, in which it is often asso- 
 ciated with silver and other metals in small proportion. The 
 Galena is roasted in reverberatory furnaces to drive off the 
 sulphur, and the residue smelted with coal and lime, the lead 
 being drawn off and cast into "pigs." 
 
 Metallic Lead is largely employed for industrial purposes, 
 but its salts only are used in pharmacy and medicine. 
 
 The following are the Salts of Lead official in the pharma- 
 copoeias : 
 
 2696. Plumbi Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, Sugar of Lead. 
 Pb(C 2 H 3 3 ) 3 . 3 H 2 0. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives no process for preparing it. The Br. V. 
 
 directs : 
 
 Oxide of Lead, in fine powder, ... 24 ounces av. 
 Acetic Acid, a sufficiency, about . . 38 fl. ounces. 
 Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Acetic Acid and Water, add the Oxide of Lead, 
 and dissolve with the aid of a little heat, filter, evaporate till 
 a pellicle forms, and set aside to crystallize, first adding a little 
 Acetic Acid should the fluid not have a distinctly acid reaction. 
 Drain and dry the crystals on filtering paper without heat. 
 
 Uses. — The commercial salt is impure and should not be 
 used medicinally, but is extensively employed in the arts, 
 especially as a mordant for dyeing. The pure salt is a sedative 
 and astringent. It is used internally in the form of pills and 
 powders, in doses of 1 to 3 grains ; and externally in solution 
 and other forms of application. 
 
 2697. Plumbi Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, White Lead. 
 
 (PbC0 3 ) 2 .Pb(HO) 2 . 
 
 This salt is manufactured on a large scale for paint and other 
 purposes by exposing lead in thin discs to the action of Acetic 
 
PLUMBUM — LEAD. 697 
 
 Acid, Carbon Dioxide and the atmosphere. For medicinal 
 use it should be purified. 
 
 Uses. — Commercial White Lead is extensively used in the 
 arts for painting and other purposes. In medicine it is used 
 in the form of an ointment, and suspended in water for exter- 
 nal application. 
 
 2698. Plumbi Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Lead. 
 
 Pbl 2 . 
 
 The Br. P. directs this salt to be made as follows : 
 
 Nitrate of Lead, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Lead by the aid of heat in 30 ounces 
 of Water, and the Iodide of Potassium in 10 ounces of Water, 
 and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash 
 it with distilled water, and dry it in a warm place. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used in pharmacy for preparing oint- 
 ment and plaster, and sometimes suspended in water as an 
 application. 
 
 2699. Plumbi Nitras. 
 
 Nitrate of Lead. 
 
 Pb(NO s ) 2 . 
 
 No formula for this preparation is official, but it may be 
 made by adding Oxide of Lead to Nitric Acid, diluted with 
 an equal quantity <>f water, heating and dissolving the Oxide 
 to it uration in the liquid, then filtering and concentrating by 
 evaporation and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used in solution as an external applica- 
 tion, and for making hair restoratives is preferable to the Ace- 
 tate, as it has a less disagreeable odor. 
 
698 PLUMBUM — LEAD. 
 
 2700. Plumbi Oxidum. 
 
 Oxide of Lead, Litharge. 
 PbO. 
 
 This is Oxide of Lead which has been rendered semi-crystal- 
 line by incomplete fusion, and is hence called Semi-vitrous 
 Oxide of Lead. 
 
 It may be prepared in a small way by heating Nitrate of 
 Lead in a platinum crucible until all its acid has been driven 
 off; but, commercially, it is a by-product of extracting silver 
 from lead ore. 
 
 Uses. — Oxide of Lead is a working basis for many of the 
 lead salts, and is used in making plasters and solutions for 
 external use. 
 
 Other Salts of Lead. 
 
 Besides the official Salts of Lead which have been described, 
 several others are occasionally used in pharmacy. 
 
 2701. Arseniate of Lead — Pb 3 (As0 4 ) 2 — Made by gradually adding a 
 solution of Acetate of Lead to a solution of Arseniate of Sodium, collecting, 
 washing, and drying the precipitate. As an application to cancers and 
 malignant ulcers. 
 
 2702. Bromide of Lead — PbBr 2 . — By adding a solution of Acetate of 
 Lead to a solution of Bromide of Potassium, collecting and washing the 
 precipitate. Uses similar to Iodide of Lead. 
 
 2703. Chloride of Lead — PbCl 3 . — By adding gradually to a solution of 
 Acetate of Lead in water Hydrochloric Acid as long as a precipitate is 
 formed, then collecting and drying, or by adding a solution of common salt 
 to the solution of Acetate of Lead. 
 
 2704. Chromate of Lead — PbCr0 4 . — By adding a solution of Acetate of 
 Lead gradually to a solution of Bichromate of Potassium and collecting the 
 precipitate. This is a pigment known as Chrome Yellow, Lemon Yellow, 
 Leipsic or Paris Yellow. 
 
 2705. Bichromate of Lead, which is known as Chrome Orange or 
 Chrome Red. is made by adding Potassa to the Solution of Bichromate of 
 Potassium before adding the Solution of Acetate of Lead. 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 699 
 
 2706. Cyanide of Lead — PbCy g . — By adding Hydrocyanic Acid to a 
 Solution of Acetate of Lead as long as a precipitate is formed, and collect- 
 ing the same. 
 
 2707. Oxides of Lead. — Besides the official Oxide of Lead (Litharge), 
 Binoxide of Lead, Pb0 2 , is made by treating Red Lead wiih Nitric Acid 
 and collecting the undissolved powder, and Red Oxide of Lead ox Red Lead, 
 Pb 3 4 , is made by heating Massicot or unfused Oxide of Lead to a dull red 
 heat in contact with the air until it is converted into a bright red powder. 
 This is also called Minium. 
 
 2708. Saccharate of Lead.— By adding a Solution of Saccharic Acid to 
 a Solution of Acetate of Lead as long as a precipitate is formed and collect- 
 ing the same. 
 
 2709. Sulphate of Lead — PbS0 4 . — By dissolving Nitrate of Lead in 
 Water, adding Sulphuric Acid as long as a precipitate is formed, then collect- 
 ing the precipitate. 
 
 2710. Tannate of Lead. — By precipitating a Solution of Acetate of Lead 
 with a Solution of Tannin and collecting the precipitate. 
 
 Some other important salts of lead are known, but they are made in the 
 same general manner as the foregoing. 
 
 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 Symbol, K; Atomic weight, 39; Sp. gr., 0.865. 
 
 Potassium is one of the group of four elementary substances 
 (Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, and Ammonium) which, on 
 account of their marked, positive characteristics, are called the 
 Alkali-metals. It was first isolated and described by Sir H. 
 Davy in 1807, and is now chiefly obtained from its carbonate 
 by heating it to a high degree with charcoal, in a retort, when 
 it distills over and is condensed in Naphtha, cooled by ice. It 
 is so readily oxidized that it must be preserved under naphtha 
 or sunn- other hydrocarbon. In water it burns violently and 
 exposed to air is soon converted into an oxide, and its other 
 properties and characteristics arc similar to the Alkali-metals 
 in general. 
 
 Potassium is tin- basis of a great variety of salts which are 
 formed by its union with acids and negative elements. They 
 
700 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 are as a class very soluble and are of great value in the indus- 
 trial arts and in pharmacy and medicine. Potassium derives 
 its name from Potash, the chief source of the Potassium salts. 
 Potash was formerly made by evaporating the lye which is 
 obtained by percolating or lixivating wood ashes, but is now 
 chiefly obtained by decomposing native impure Chloride of 
 Potassium, obtained from mines in Germany. The salts of 
 Potassium are either Alkaline, neutral, or acid according to the 
 proportions in which they are combined. In German phar- 
 macy they are called Kalium salts. The official salts of Potas- 
 sium constitute a large class, and are as follows : 
 
 271 1. Potassa. 
 
 Caustic Potash or Potassa, Hydrate of Potassium. 
 
 KHO. 
 
 This is prepared by evaporating Solution of Potassa rapidly 
 in a clean iron vessel until an oily fluid remains which will 
 solidify on cooling. It is then poured into cylindrical molds 
 to form " sticks," which, while still warm, are put into dry bot- 
 tles and tightly sealed. It is sometimes made in the form of 
 powder by stirring while cooling. 
 
 Uses. — This is used chiefly as a caustic for morbid growths, 
 excrescences, warts, etc., and in pharmacy may be used for pre- 
 paring Liquor Potassa (which see) and many salts and prepar- 
 ations of Potassium. 
 
 2712. Potassa cum Calce. 
 
 Potassa with Lime. 
 
 Potassa, 50 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Lime, 50 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Rub them together in a mortar so as to form a powder and 
 keep in a well-stopped bottle. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as a caustic, the same as Potassa, but 
 is milder and slower in its action. Being in powder it is some- 
 times more convenient. 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 701 
 
 2713. Potassa Sulphurata. 
 
 SidpJiuratcd Potassa. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, ... 2 parts or 2 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Potassium, previously dried, with the 
 Sulphur, and heat the mixture gradually in a covered crucible 
 until it ceases to swell and is completely melted. Then pour 
 the liquid on a marble slab and when solidified and cold put 
 into well stopped bottles. This is also known as Liver of 
 Sulphur, and possesses a very disagreeable odor like rotten 
 eggs. 
 
 Uses. — It is sometimes given internally as an alterative and 
 used externally in solution for skin diseases or parasites. It 
 is used by barbers for removing Nitrate of Silver stains. 
 
 2714. Potassii Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Potassium. 
 
 This may be made most conveniently by adding to pure 
 Acetic Acid crystals of Bicarbonate of Potassium as long as 
 effervescence ensues, then adding a very small quantity of acid 
 and cautiously evaporating to dryness in a porcelain dish by 
 means of a sand-bath. 
 
 Uses. — This is given as a diuretic, especially in derange- 
 ments of the kidneys and bladder, and in rheumatic affections, 
 in doses 10 to 60 grains. 
 
 2715. Potassii Bicarbonas. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium. 
 
 KHCO3. 
 
 This salt may be made by passing a current of Carbonic- 
 Acid Gas through a strong solution of Carbonate of Potassium 
 
702 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 until it is entirely saturated, then filtering the liquid and evap- 
 orating at a temperature below y\° C. (160 F.) that it may not 
 be decomposed, and crystallizing when sufficiently concen- 
 trated. 
 
 Commercially, crude Bicarbonate of Potassium, which is 
 called Salceratus, is prepared by suspending a solution of Car- 
 bonate of Potassium contained in an open vessel in the fer- 
 menting tuns of a brewery, thus utilizing the Carbonic Acid 
 gas produced. When the solution is saturated it is evaporated 
 to dryness. 
 
 Uses. — Bicarbonate of Potassium in crystals is largely used 
 in Pharmacy as a source of other Potassium Salts. It is less 
 irritating than the carbonate, and is therefore administered in- 
 ternally when an alkaline Salt of Potassium is desired as an 
 antacid, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 2716. Potassium Bichromas. 
 
 BicJir ornate of Potassium. 
 
 This is obtained from Chrome Iron Ore by first roasting the 
 ore, then powdering, mixing with Carbonate of Potassium and 
 chalk, and heating the mixture to a high temperature in the 
 air. Ferric Oxide and Chromic Acid are produced, the latter 
 combining with the Carbonate of Potassium and forming neu- 
 tral Chromate of Potassium with evolution of Carbonic 
 Dioxide. 
 
 The Solution of Neutral Chromate of Potassium, which is 
 obtained by lixivation with Water, is then treated with Sul- 
 phuric or Nitric Acid, and the salt crystallized from the 
 solution. 
 
 Uses. — This salt, which is also known as Red Chromate of 
 Potassium, is used in pharmacy for making several preparations 
 and as a test-solution. The dose internally is ^ to 4- grain in 
 solution. It is also extensively used in dyeing. 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 703 
 
 2717. Potassii Bitartras. U. S. 
 
 Potassii Tartras Acida, Br. — Bitartrate of Potassium, U. S. 
 Acid Tartrate of Potassium, Br. — Cream of Tartar. 
 
 KHC 4 H 4 O fi . 
 
 This is an acid salt of Potassium prepared from Crude Tar- 
 tar or Argots, which is deposited in wine casks during the fer- 
 mentation of grape juice. 
 
 Uses. — Cream of Tartar is extensively used as the acid 
 basis of Baking Powder and for other culinary purposes. In 
 medicine it is considerably employed as a mild acid and laxa- 
 tive in doses of ]/> to 4 drachms. 
 
 2718. Tartaric Acid — H a C 4 H 4 G . — This is the acid of Cream of Tar- 
 tar, prepared by dissolving 45 ounces av. of Cream of Tartar in 2^ gallons 
 of boiling Water, adding \z l / 2 ounces av. of prepared chalk, and when effer- 
 vescence has ceased 13^ ounces av. of Chloride of Calcium dissolved in 2^ 
 pints of Water. 
 
 When the Tartrate of Calcium thus found has subsided pour off the liquid 
 and wash the precipitate with Water until tasteless. Then mix 13 fl. ounces 
 of Sulphuric Acid with 60 ounces of Water, pour upon the precipitate, mix 
 thoroughly and boil for half an hour, with repeated stirring, and filter through 
 calico. Evaporate the filtrate at a low temperature until it acquires the sp. 
 gr. of 1. 2i. Allow to cool, separate and reject the crystals of Sulphate of 
 Calcium which form, then evaporate the remaining liquor until a film forms 
 on the surface, and allow it to cool and crystallize. Finally, purify the crys- 
 tals obtained by dissolving, tillering, and recrystallizing. 
 
 This acid is used in making the Tartrate salts and for other purposes. 
 
 2719. Potassii Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium. 
 
 KBr. 
 
 The Br. Official process is to add 2 ounces av. of Bromine in 
 
 sive portions to 1 pint 1 Imperial 1 of Solution of Potash 
 
 and evaporate to dryness, then mix the powder with wood 
 
 charcoal in fine powder 1 ounce av., throw, in small quantities 
 
 at a time, into a red-hol Crucible and when all is fused pour 
 
704 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 out, and when cooled dissolve in 15 fl. ounces of boiling Dis- 
 tilled Water, filter, evaporate and crystallize. 
 
 Another process is to decompose a solution of Bromide of 
 Iron with Carbonate of Potassium, Carbonate of Iron being 
 precipitated and the solution, which contains Bromide of'Po- 
 tassium, filtered, concentrated and crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — Bromide of Potassium is one of the most valuable 
 salts used in medicine. It is employed as a nervine and seda- 
 tive in doses of 20 to 60 grains. 
 
 2720. Potassii Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium — Sal Tartar. 
 
 (K 2 C0 3J2 . 3 H 2 0. 
 
 This salt is obtained from commercial PcarlasJi (impure Car- 
 bonate of Potash) by dissolving it in an equal weight of cold 
 Water, " allowing to stand a day or two, filtering the solution 
 and evaporating the filtrate by gentle heat until it thickens, 
 then removing it from the fire and stirring it constantly with 
 an iron spatula until it is in the form of a granular salt, which 
 is known familiarly as " Salts of Tartar." 
 
 Uses. — This is considerably used as a basis of other Potas- 
 sium Salts and internally as an antacid, and externally in some 
 ointments and lotions. The dose is 5 to 15 grains largely dil- 
 uted. One ounce in 1 gallon of Water makes the Shampoo 
 Liquid used by barbers. 
 
 2721. Potassii Chloras. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this to be made by mixing 20 ounces of 
 Carbonate of Potassium with 53 ounces of slacked Lime, trit- 
 urating with a few ounces of Water to make the mixture 
 slightly moist, and putting in a carboy ; then generating Chlo- 
 rine Gas from 80 ounces of Black Oxide of Manganese and 24. 
 pints (Imperial) of Hydrochloric Acid with 6 pints (Imperial) 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 705 
 
 of Water, heated in a retort, on a sand-bath, and conducting 
 the gas thus generated into the carboy containing the mixture 
 of Carbonate of Potassium and Lime until all has passed over. 
 The contents of the carboy are then removed and boiled for 
 20 minutes with 7 pints (Imperial) of Water, then filtered and 
 the solution evaporated and crystallized. The product is puri- 
 fied by recrystallization. 
 
 Uses. — -Chlorate of Potassium is extensively used as a 
 source of Oxygen and in pyrotechnics. In medicine, it is used 
 for sore throat, scarlet fever, etc., in doses of 2 to 20 grains. 
 It is quite popular in the form of lozenges and tablets. 
 
 2722. Potassii Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium. 
 K 3 C c H g 7 .H 2 0. 
 
 This salt is conveniently made by adding Bicarbonate of 
 Potassium to a strong Solution of Citric Acid until it no 
 longer effervesces, then filtering the solution and evaporating 
 to dryness. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 8 ounces or a sufficiency of Carbonate of 
 Potassium, 6 ounces or a sufficiency of Citric Acid, and 40 
 fl. ounces of Water. The Acid is to be dissolved in the Water 
 and enough Carbonate of Potassium added to make the solu- 
 tion neutral, then filtered and evaporated to dryness. 
 
 Uses.— This salt is considerably used in elixirs and other 
 preparations and in medicine as a diaphoretic and refrigerant, 
 to 20 grains. 
 
 2723. Potassii Cyanidum. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium. 
 
 KCN. 
 
 This may be prepared according to the Br. P. process by 
 healing Ferrocyanide of Potassium at a red heat until gas 
 ceases to be evolved, allowing the sediment to subside in the 
 still molten mass, and pouring off the clear fluid. This is 
 
706 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 called fused Cyanide of Potassium. If desired to be purified, 
 it may be dissolved in spirit, the solution filtered and concen- 
 trated by evaporation, and then crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this is used in making several prepara- 
 tions and in medicine it is employed as a sedative the same as 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, in doses of \% of a grain or less. 
 
 2724. Potassii et Sodii Tartras. U. S. 
 
 Tartrate of Pot as shun and Sodium — RocJicllc Salts. U. S. 
 Soda- Tartarata — Tartratcd Soda. Br. 
 
 KNaC 4 H 4 6 4H 2 0. 
 
 This is made by dissolving 12 ounces av. of Carbonate of 
 Sodium in 5 pints of boiling water, adding 16 ounces av. of 
 Bitartrate of Potassium (Cream of Tartar) to the solution, 
 boiling for a few moments, and then testing to see if the solu- 
 tion is neutral, and adding a little of either of the salts to make 
 it so if it is not. It is then evaporated until a pellicle begins 
 to form, and set aside to crystallize. 
 
 Uses. — Rochelle Salt is usually powdered for convenient 
 use, and is employed in pharmacy for making Seidlitz Powders, 
 and in medicine is much used as a laxative and cathartic. 
 The dose is from 
 
 2725. Potassii Ferrocyanidum. 
 
 Ferrocyanide of Potassium — Yellow Prussiate of Potash. 
 K 4 Fe(CN) c . 3 H 3 0. 
 
 This is obtained by heating refuse animal substances, such 
 as horns, hoofs, skins, etc., with Crude Potash in an iron kettle, 
 then lixivatingor percolating the mass with hot water, treating 
 with freshly precipitated Carbonate of Iron, filtering the solu- 
 tion, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is considerably used for dyeing, and as a 
 test for ferric salts, with which it forms a blue color (Ferro- 
 cyanide of Iron). 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 707 
 
 2726. Potassii Hypophosphis. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium. 
 KH 2 P0 3 . 
 This salt is prepared by boiling a Solution of Potassa and 
 Phosphorus together, then treating with Carbonic Acid gas 
 to neutralize the excess of Potassa,* evaporating to dryness, 
 dissolving out the Hypophosphite of Potassium with Alcohol, 
 and evaporating to a granular powder. It is also made by 
 double decomposition between Hypophosphite of Calcium and 
 Carbonate of Potassium in solution. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is combined with other Hypophosphites 
 in solutions and syrups. It is very deliquescent. 
 
 2727. Potassii Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium. 
 KI. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives no formula for the preparation of this 
 salt, but the Br. P. directs : 
 
 Solution of Potash, Br., . . 1 gallon, Imperial. 
 
 Iodine, a sufficiency, about . .21 ounces av. 
 Wood Charcoal, in fine powder, . 3 ounces av. 
 Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Put the Solution of Potash into a glass or porcelain vessel 
 and add Iodine in small quantities at a time, with constant 
 agitation, until the solution acquires a permanent brown tint. 
 Evaporate the whole to dryness in a porcelain dish, pulverize 
 the residue and mix it intimately with the Charcoal, throw 
 the mixture, a small quantity at a time, into a red hot crucible 
 and when all has been brought to a state of fusion pour out 
 the contents. When cooled dissolve it in 2 pints (Imperial) of 
 Boiling Distilled Water, filter the liquid through paper, add a 
 little Boiling Distilled Water through the filter, evaporate the 
 liquid till a film forms on the surface, and set aside to crys- 
 tallize, drain and dry the crystals in a warm place. 
 
 In a commercial way other methods are employed which are 
 more economical. 
 
708 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 Uses. — Iodide of Potassium is one of the most valuable 
 medicinal salts. It is employed as the source of other Iodides 
 by double decomposition, and in medicine as an alterative and 
 absorbent in scrofula, syphilis, rheumatism, dropsy, etc., and 
 externally in lotions, ointments, and other forms. The dose 
 of this salt is from 2 to 20 grains, or much more in solution. 
 
 2728. Potassii Nitras. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium — Saltpetre — Sal Nitre — ■ Nitre. 
 KNO3. 
 
 This salt is obtained in some parts of the world as a natural 
 product, but is chiefly made by the process of Nitrification. 
 Earth, wood ashes, animal and vegetable refuse, sewage, etc., 
 are mixed together in what are called nitre beds, and by the 
 action of the peculiar ferment which causes nitrification nitre 
 is produced. It is now a well-established fact that nitre is the 
 product of living organisms acting upon appropriate materials. 
 The mixed soils, etc., of the nitre beds, after standing for a long 
 time, are lixivated with water, and the crude Nitre which is 
 obtained by evaporating the liquid, purified and crystallized, in 
 which form it appears in the market. 
 
 Uses. — In the arts Nitre is extensively employed as an in- 
 gredient of gunpowder and pyrotechnics. In medicine it is 
 used as a diuretic and diaphretic in doses of 5 to 20 grains, 
 and also used externally in solution. 
 
 Sal Prunelle is fused Nitrate of Potassium cast in the form 
 of balls about the size of small marbles. 
 
 2729. Potassii Permanganas. 
 
 Permanganate of Potassium. 
 K 2 Mn 2 8 . 
 The U. S. P. gives no process for making this salt, but the 
 Br. P. directs : 
 
 Caustic Potash, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese, ... 4 ounces av. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium, 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 43 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonic Acid, a sufficiency. 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 709 
 
 Reduce the Chlorate of Potassium to a fine powder and mix 
 it with the Oxide of Manganese ; put the mixture in a porce- 
 lain basin and add to it the Caustic Potash previously dissolved 
 in 4 fl. ounces of Water, evaporate to dryness on a sand-bath, 
 stirring well to prevent spurting. Powder the product and 
 place the powder in a covered crucible, exposing it to a dull 
 red heat for an hour or until it has assumed a semi-fluid condi- 
 tion. Let cool, powder it, and boil with 30 fl. ounces of Water, 
 let the insoluble matter decant, pour off the liquid, boil the 
 sediment again with 10 fl. ounces of Water, pour off the liquid 
 and add to that previously reserved, saturate with Carbonic 
 Acid gas and evaporate until a pellicle forms on the surface, 
 then set aside to cool and crystallize ; drain the crystalline 
 mass, boil it in 6 ounces of Water, strain through a little as- 
 bestos in a funnel, again crystallize, drain the crystals and dry 
 them under a bell jar over a vessel containing Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and 
 oxidizing agent. It is given internally in small doses in solution 
 and applied externally to putrescent or gangrenous wounds, 
 sores, ulcers, etc. 
 
 2730. Potassii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium. 
 
 K 2 S0 4 . 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium is produced as a by-product of the 
 
 manufacture of several other more important salts. It may 
 
 be made by decomposing Nitrate of Potassium with Sulphuric 
 
 Acid. 
 
 Uses. — In pharmacy this salt has been mainly used in mak- 
 ing Powder of Ipecac and Opium, in which it acts as a dilutent. 
 
 2731. Potassii Sulphis. 
 
 Sulphite of Potassium — Neutral Potassium Sulphite. 
 
 K,S() :; .jII 2 0. 
 
 This salt, which is official in the U. S. P., is made by passing 
 
 a current of Sulphurous Acid gas through a concentrated 
 
 Solution of Carbon, it'- of Potassium until the Carbonic Acid 
 
710 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 gas is expelled and the liquid is strongly acid, then adding an 
 equal weight of Carbonate of Potassium, evaporating and 
 crystallizing, making Neutral Potassium Sulphite. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is given in doses of 10 to 60 grains as an 
 anti-ferment in bowel troubles, etc., and is sometimes used to 
 prevent fermentation in juices, etc. 
 
 2732. Potassii Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Potassium — Neutral Tartrate of Potassium. 
 
 (K 2 C 4 H 4 6 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives no formula, but the Br. P. directs : 
 
 Acid Tartrate of Potassium 
 
 (Cream Tartar), . . .20 ounces or a sufficiency. 
 Carbonate of Potassium, . 9 ounces or a sufficiency. 
 Boiling Distilled Water, . 50 ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Carbonate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
 Cream Tartar a little at a time, and if, after a few minutes' 
 boiling, the liquid is not neutral to test-paper, make it so by 
 the careful addition of more of the Carbonate or Cream Tar- 
 tar ; then filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms and set aside to 
 crystallize. This is known as Neutral Tartrate, and Cream of 
 Tartar is known as Acid Tartrate of Potassium. 
 
 Uses. — This is used as a laxative in small doses and as a 
 purgative in doses of ^ to 1 ounce. It is used in making 
 Fehling's Solution. 
 
 Other Potassium Salts. 
 
 The foregoing official Salts of Potassium are all that are 
 used to any extent in Pharmacy and Medicine, but a number 
 of others are prepared and sometimes called for, the more im- 
 portant being as follows: 
 
 2 733- Antimoniates of Potassium. — The Acids of Antimony combine 
 with Potassium the same as other Acids forming normal or neutral and Acid 
 Salts. 
 
 Antimoniate of Potassium — KSbO s . — Is the normal Salt produced by 
 heating 1 part of Metallic Antimony with 4 parts of Nitrate of Potassium in 
 
POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 711 
 
 a crucible, washing the powdered mass with Water, boiling it with Water for 
 an hour or two, which converts a portion of it into a soluble salt, obtained by 
 filtering the solution and evaporating to dryness. 
 
 Acid Antimoniate of Potassium — K 2 Sb 4 1 1 . — May be made by passing a 
 current of Carbonic Acid gas through the normal Salt. Acid Metantimoniate 
 of Potassium is also prepared and used as a test for Sodium. 
 
 2734. Arseniate of Potassium — KH 3 As0 4 . — Heat Arsenious Acid 
 (Anhydride) and Nitrate of Potassium, each in powder, 1 part in a glass flask 
 to dull redness until the mixture fuses and red vapors cease to be evolved. 
 Dissolve the residue when cold in 50 parts of boiling Distilled Water, filter, 
 concentrate the solution by evaporation and crystallize. Dose T 1 ^ to l /% grain 
 in solution. 
 
 2735. Bisulphate of Potassium — KHS0 4 . — This is the residue left in 
 the retort after preparing Nitric Acid from Nitrate of Potassium and Sul- 
 phuric Acid. 
 
 2736. Bisulphite of Potassium — KHS0 3 .— By passing an excess of Sul- 
 phurous Acid Gas into a concentrated solution of Carbonate of Potassium. 
 
 2737. Borate of Potassium— K 4 B 4 O s . — By heating equal parts of dry 
 Carbonate of Potassium and Boric Acid in powder in a covered crucible, dis- 
 solving the sublimed mass in boiling Water, filtering the solution, concen- 
 trating and crystallizing. The dose is 1 to 6 grains, for dissolving cal- 
 culi, etc. 
 
 2738. Borortartrate of Potassium. — By heating 4 parts of Cream Tartar 
 with i part Boric Acid in 10 parts or sufficient Water to dissolve them, then 
 evaporating 10 dryness. This is also called Soluble Cream of Tartar. It is 
 very soluble and deliquescent. Used for gout and lithic calculi in doses of 
 15 to 30 grains, and as a laxative in doses of 2 or 3 drachms. 
 
 2739. Chloride of Potassium— KC1. — This is obtained as a by-product 
 in the manufacture of Chlorate of Potassium and other Salts, or may be 
 made by neutralizing a solution of Carbonate of Potassium with dilute Hy- 
 drochloric Acid, evaporating and crystallizing. Dose 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 2740. Chromate of Potassium— K 2 Cr0 4 . — By adding Carbonate of 
 Potassium to a hot solution of Bichromate of Potassium until effervescense 
 ceases, concentrating and crystallizing. In a large way it is made direct from 
 Chronic 1 >re, and is extensively used in dyeing. 
 
 2741. Cyanate of Potassium — KCNO. — This may be made by mixing 
 mide of Potassium and Litharge and heating, then dissolving out the 
 
 Cyanate bom the fused mass by Alcohol, and crystallizing. 
 
 2742. Ferricyanide of Potassium — K 6 Fe 8 Cy, ... — By passing Chlorine 
 Gas into a cold solution of Ferrocyanide of Potassium until it ceases to give 
 a blue precipitate with Chloride of Iron. It is used as a test. 
 
 2743. Iodate of Potassium— K K )., — This is made during the manu- 
 facture ol Iodide of Potassium, and may be obtained by dissolving out the 
 
712 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium before heating the mixture in a crucible, with Alcohol, 
 and dissolving the residue which is the Iodate in hot Water and crystallizing. 
 
 2744. Iodohydrargyrate of Potassium.— This is made by dissolving 
 2 parts of Iodide of Potassium in a small quantity of hot Water and adding 
 to the solution 3 parts of Iodide of Mercury, upon cooling the salt crystal- 
 lizes. It is used as a test. 
 
 2745. Nitrite of Potassium — KN0 2 . — By heating Nitrate of Potassium 
 to redness, dissolving the fused mass in a little Water, adding twice the vol- 
 ume of the solution of Alcohol and after a few hours decanting the upper 
 stratum, separating the crystals from the lower stratum and evaporating to 
 dryness. 
 
 2746. Oxalates of Potassium. — With Oxalic Acid Potassium forms sev- 
 eral Salts, as follows : 
 
 Oxalate of Potassium, K 2 C 2 4 , by neutralizing a solution of Oxalaic 
 Acid with Carbonate of Potassium, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 Binoxalate of Potassium, KHC 2 4 , also called Salts of Sorrel, or Salts 
 of Lemon. By saturating a solution of Oxalic Acid 1 part with Carbonate of 
 Potassium and adding to the mixture 1 part of Oxalic Acid, evaporating and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 (}uadr oxalate of Potassium. By neutralizing 1 part of Oxalic Acid in 
 solution with Carbonate of Potassium, then adding 3 parts of Oxalic Acid, 
 concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 The two last are used to remove iron rust, ink stains, etc., and are gener- 
 ally sold under the name Salts of Lemon ; a simple mixture of powdered 
 Oxalic Acid 4 parts and powdered Carbonate of Potassium 1 part being 
 generally put up for this purpose. 
 
 2747. Perchlorate of Potassium — KC10 4 . — By heating Chlorate of Po- 
 tassium until it melts, and keeping at this temperature until gas ceases to be 
 evolved, then dissolving in Water and crystallizing. 
 
 2748. Salicylate of Potassium— (KC 7 H 5 3 ) 2 .H 2 0.— This Salt may be 
 made by dissolving 7 parts of Bicarbonate of Potassium in Water, and grad- 
 ually adding 10 parts of Salicylic Acid and evaporating to dryness. 
 
 2749. Silicate of Potassium — K„Si0 3 . — By fusing 10 parts of Carbonate 
 of Potassium with 15 parts of fine sand and 1 part of Charcoal a salt is 
 obtained similar to Silicate of Sodium, which is used for making Water Glass. 
 
 2750. Sulphide of Potassium — K 2 S. — By passing a current of Sulphu- 
 retted Hydrogen into a solution of Potassa as long as it is absorbed, then ad- 
 ding an equal quantity of solution of Potassa and evaporating. See also (2713). 
 
 2751. Sulphocarbonate of Potassium — K,CS :i . — By mixing a solution 
 of Sulphide of Potassium with Bisulphide of Carbon and evaporating without 
 heat. 
 
 2752. Sulphocyanate of Potassium — KSCN. — By melting together 17 
 parts of Carbonate of Potassium, 32 parts of Sulphur and 46 parts Anhydrous 
 
PROPYL OR TRITYL. PULVERES — POWDERS. 713 
 
 Ferrocyanide of Potassium and heating to redness, exhausting with Water, 
 evaporating the solution to dryness, powdering and exhausting with Alcohol 
 and crystallizing. This is chiefly used as a test for Ferric Oxide. 
 
 Other Salts of Potassium are known, but the foregoing are all that are 
 liable to be called for. 
 
 PROPYL OR TRITYL. 
 
 The gaseous radical of which Propylic Alcohol, C 3 H 7 HO, 
 is the hydrate is known as Propyl or Trityl. Propylic Alcohol 
 is a fusel oil obtained from the fermented residuum of ex- 
 pressed grapes after the marc-brand)' has passed over. It is 
 also called fusel oil of marc-brandy. 
 
 It combines with Ammonia, forming Propylamine, with 
 Phenol, forming Phenol-Propyl-Alcohols, etc. 
 
 PULVERES — POWDERS. 
 
 Aside from the general meaning of the word Powder or 
 Powders as describing any finely comminuted substance, the 
 term is applied in Pharmacy to a class of Compound Powders 
 which have been adopted as convenient or efficient prepara- 
 tions to be dispensed in this form. Other Powders, as Tooth 
 Powders, Face Powders, etc., are found under their proper 
 headings, only these which are intended to be used as medi- 
 cine being included here. 
 
 The following are those official in the leading Pharmaco- 
 poeias : 
 
 2753. Pulvis Aerophorus. G. P. 
 
 Effervescing Powder. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 10 parts. 
 
 ii Acid 9 parts. 
 
 Sugar 19 parts. 
 
 Dry them separately in tine powder at a gentle heat and then mix them in- 
 timately. When mixed with water they effervesce with liberation of carbonic 
 acid gas. 
 
714 PULVERES — POWDERS. 
 
 2754. Pulvis Aerophorus Anglicus. 
 
 Soda Powders. 
 
 The German formula under the above title is : 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, put up in a blue paper, . . 2 grammes. 
 Tartaric Acid, put up in a white paper, 1 y z gramme. 
 
 Under the title Pulveres effervescentes they were official in the 1870 U. S. P. 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 360 grains and Tartaric Acid 300 grains were each 
 put up separately in 12 powders each. 
 
 When given, one of each of the powders is dissolved in one ounce of Water 
 and the solution mixed and drank during effervescense. 
 
 2755. Pulvis Amygdalae Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Powder of Almonds. 
 
 Sweet Almonds 8 ounces or 8 parts. 
 
 Refined Sugar 4 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Gum Acacia 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Blanch the Almonds, dry them thoroughly and powder them, then mix 
 with the Gum and Sugar. This is used for making mixture of almond. 
 
 2756. Pulvis Antimonialis. 
 
 Antimo7iial Powder — Janus Powder. 
 
 Oxide of Antimony 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, .... 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
 
 Mix them intimately. Dose 3 to 5 grains. 
 
 2757. Pulvis Aromaticus. U. S. 
 
 Aromatic Powder. 
 
 Cinnamon, No. 60 powder, 7 drachms. 
 
 Ginger, No. 60 powder, 7 drachms. 
 
 Cardamom, No. 60 powder, 3 drachms. 
 
 Nutmeg, No. 60 powder, 3 drachms. 
 
 Mix them intimately. 
 
 Under the title Pulvis Cinnamomi Composzttis, Compound Powder of 
 Cinnamon, the Br. P. directs Cinnamon, Cardamom Seeds and Ginger, each 
 in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Aromatic Powder is used for making several preparations, and as an ad- 
 dition to other powders. 
 
PULVERES — POWDERS. 715 
 
 2758. Pulvis Catechu Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Pou'der of Catechu. 
 
 Catechu, in powder, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Kino, in powder, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
 
 Rhatany, in powder, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Nutmeg, in powder, 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly, pass the powder through a fine sieve and rub it 
 lightly in a mortar. Dose 20 to 40 grains as an astringent for bowel com- 
 plaints, etc. 
 
 2759. Pulvis Cretae Compositus. U. S. 
 
 Compound Chalk Powder. 
 
 Prepared Chalk 30 parts or 3 ounces. 
 
 Acacia 20 parts or 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 50 parts or 5 ounces. 
 
 Mix them intimately. 
 
 This powder is used for making chalk mixture and is given in powder for 
 summer complaints and teething, in doses of 10 to 60 grains. 
 
 The Aromatic Powder of Chalk of the Br. P. is Cinnamon 4 ounces, Nut- 
 meg 3 ounces, Saffron 3 ounces, Cloves 1 ^ ounce, Cardamom Seeds 1 ounce, 
 Refined Sugar 25 ounces, Prepared Chalk 1 1 ounces, all in powder, and in- 
 timately mixed. 
 
 2760. Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus cum Opio. Br. 
 
 Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium. 
 
 Aromatic Powder of Chalk, Br., 39 parts. 
 
 Opium, in powder, 1 part. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly, pass the powder through a fine sieve and finally rub 
 it lightly in a mortar. The dose is 10 to 40 grains, for looseness of the 
 bowels. 
 
 2761. Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. U. S. 
 
 Seidlitz Powders Aperient Effervescing Powders. 
 
 bicarbonate of Sodium 480 grains. 
 
 Tartrate of Potassium and Sodium, 1440 grains. 
 
716 PULVERES — POWDERS. 
 
 Mix them intimately together and divide into 12 powders, which are to be 
 put up in blue papers. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, in fine powder, 420 grains. 
 
 Divide into 1 2 powders, which are to be put up in white paper. 
 
 When taken the contents of one of the blue papers is to be dissolved in 
 about \% ounce of water, and the contents of one white paper in about one 
 ounce of water. The solutions are then to be mixed and immediately drank 
 during effervescense. 
 
 The German Pulvis Aerophorus Laxans is about the same. 
 
 2762. Seidlitz Mixture is prepared with 1 part of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
 and 3 parts of Tartrate of Potassium (Rochelle Salt) intimately mixed. 
 
 Seidlitz Measures made of boxwood may be had, by which a sufficient 
 quantity of the mixture is taken for each powder. 
 
 2763. Pulvis Elaterini Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Powder of Elaterin. 
 
 Elaterin 5 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Sugar of Milk 195 grains or 39 parts. 
 
 Rub them together in a mortar until they are reduced to a fine powder and 
 intimately mixed. Dose X to 5 grains. 
 
 This contains only "zyi per cent, of Elaterin. The U. S. Trituration of 
 Elaterin contains 10 per cent. 
 
 2764. Pulvis Glycyrrhizse Compositus. 
 
 Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza or Liquorice. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Senna, in powder 18 parts or 2}( ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder 16 parts or 2 ounces. 
 
 Fennel, in powder 8 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Washed Sulphur, 8 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 50 parts or 6% ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly by rubbing together and passing through a sieve. 
 
 The Br. formula differs but slightly from this in proportion of ingredi- 
 ents and corresponds with the German Pulvis Liqitiritce Compositus, which 
 is Senna, Liquorice, each 2 parts, Fennel, Washed Sulphur, each 1 part, Sugar 
 6 parts. 
 
 This is also called Laxative Powder and Brustpulver, and is used both as 
 a laxative and pectoral, in doses of half to a teaspoonful or more in a little 
 water. 
 
PULVERES — POWDERS. 717 
 
 2765. Pulvis Gummosus. G. P. 
 
 Compound Powder of Acacia — Gummipulver. 
 
 Acacia 15 parts or 3 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root 10 parts or 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 5 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Used in cough mixtures, etc. 
 
 2766. Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. U. S. 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuanha; Compositus, Br. — Pulvis Ipecacuanha; Opiatus, G. P. 
 — Dover's Powder — Pcwder of Ipecac and Opium — 
 Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. 
 The present U. S. formula is : 
 
 Ipecac, in powder, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Opium, in powder 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, in powder, 80 parts or 8 ounces. 
 
 Rub them together to a very fine powder. 
 
 The German preparation is identical with this. 
 
 The Br. formula corresponds with the 1870 U. S. formula, using Sulphate 
 of Potassium in fine powder instead of Sugar of Milk. This formula is still 
 preferred, and with good reason, by many practitioners. 
 
 2767. Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. 
 
 Compound Powder of fa/ap. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Jalap, in powder 35 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Bitartrate of Potassium, in powder, .... 65 parts or 2 ounces. 
 Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The Br. formula is Jalap, in powder, 5 parts. Acid Tartrate of Potassium 
 (Cream of Tartar) 9 parts, Ginger, in fine powder, 1 part. 
 
 The dose of this powder is 20 to 60 grains, usually given in syrup. 
 
 2768. Pulvis Kino Compositus. Br. 
 
 ( 'ompound Powder of Kino. 
 
 Kino, in powder 3^" ounces or 15 parts. 
 
 Opium, in powder %. ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder 1 ounce or 4 parts. 
 
 Mix them intimately. The dose is 5 to 20 grains for looseness of the 
 bowels, etc. 
 
718 PULVERES — POWDERS. 
 
 2769. Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. 
 
 Cotnpojind Powder of Morphine — Tully's Powder. 
 
 This preparation was introduced by Dr. Tully, and has been quite popular 
 with physicians as a substitute for Dover's Powder. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine 1 part or 22 grains. 
 
 Camphor 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium, ... 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Powder the Camphor by rubbing it with a little Alcohol, then add the 
 Liquorice and Chalk, and rub to a uniform powder. Rub the Morphine first 
 with a small portion of the powder, then gradually add the remainder, rub- 
 bing them intimately together. 
 
 Another form of Tully's Powder is made with Opium 60 grains, Camphor, 
 Liquorice, and precipitated Chalk, each 180 grains, powdered and thoroughly 
 mixed. 
 
 2770. Pulvis Opii Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Powder of Opium. 
 
 Opium, in powder, \]A ounce or 3 parts. 
 
 Black Pepper, in powder, 2 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Ginger, in powder, 5 ounces or 10 parts. 
 
 Caraway Fruit, in powder, 6 ounces or 12 parts. 
 
 Tragacanth, in powder l / 2 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. The dose is 2 to 5 grains for bowel trouble, etc. 
 This powder is used for making confection of Opium, 1 part to 4. 
 
 2771. Pulvis Rhei Compositus. 
 
 Compound Powder of Rhubarb — Gregory 's Powder. 
 The U. S. formula is 
 
 Rhubarb, in powder 25 parts or i]/ 2 ounces. 
 
 Magnesia (calcined), 65 parts or 6>£ ounces. 
 
 Ginger, in powder 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Rub them thoroughly together. 
 
 The Br. formula is 
 
 Rhubarb 2 ounces. 
 
 Light Magnesia 6 ounces. 
 
 Ginger 1 ounce. 
 
PULVERES — POWDERS. 719 
 
 The German formula for Powder of Magnesia and Rhubarb is : 
 
 Rhubarb, 15 parts. 
 
 Oleo-Saccharate of Fennel, 40 parts. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 60 parts. 
 
 The dose of this powder is from 20 to 60 grains, as a laxative and antacid 
 stomachic. 
 
 2772. Pulvis Salicylicus cum Talco. G. P. 
 
 Powder of Salicylic Acid and Talc. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 3 parts. 
 
 Wheat Starch 10 parts. 
 
 Talc 87 parts. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This powder is used as a dusting for chapped or 
 inflamed surfaces, or as a Baby Powder. 
 
 2773. Pulvis Scammonii Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Powder of Scammony. 
 
 Scammony Resin, in powder, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Jalap, in powder 8 ounces or 8 parts. 
 
 Ginger, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This is used as a cathartic in doses of 10 to 20 
 grains. 
 
 2774. Pulvis Tragacanthae Compositus. 
 
 Compound Powder of Tragacanth. 
 
 Tragacanth, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Starch, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder 3 ounces or 3 parts. 
 
 Rub them well together. Dose, 20 to 60 grains. 
 
 Unofficial Powders. 
 
 Tin- foregoing powders include those official in the leading 
 pharmacopoeias, but many others arc used in pharmacy. The 
 
(20 PULVERES — POWDERS. 
 
 following are the more important unofficial powders used in 
 medicine which are not included under other headings : 
 
 2 775- Aloes and Canella Powder. 
 
 Pulvis Aloes et Canella (Htera Pier a). 
 This powder was formerly official under the above title : 
 
 Socotrine Aloes, in fine powder 4 ounces. 
 
 Canella, in fine powder 1 ounce. 
 
 Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. This is familiarly 
 known as " Picra," and used as a bitters, physic and vermifuge. 
 
 Liquid Picra may be prepared by macerating i l / 2 ounce av. of the above 
 powder in diluted alcohol 1 pint, and filtering. 
 
 2776. Aloes Powder Compound. 
 
 Aloes, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Guaiacum Resin, in fine powder 2 ounces. 
 
 Aromatic Powder 1 ounce. 
 
 Rub them well together. This is a warm, sudorific, purgative, in doses 
 of 10 to 20 grains. 
 
 2777. Aloes and Iron Powder. — Aloes i}& ounce, Myrrh 2 ounces. Sul- 
 phate of Iron 1 ounce, Extract of Gentian dried, 1 ounce, all in fine powder 
 and thoroughly mixed. Dose 10 to 20 grains. 
 
 2778. Calomel and Jalap Powder. — Calomel 1 part, Jalap 2 parts, in- 
 timately mixed. The dose is 20 to 30 grains as a purgative, in syrup. This 
 was the popular physic of our grandfathers but has been mostly superseded 
 by other Less heroic preparations. 
 
 2779. Composition Powder — (Thompsonian). — Bayberry Bark 1 pound 
 av., Ginger, Cloves, Capsicum, each 1 ounce av. All in fine powder and in- 
 timately mixed. A teaspoonful in a cup of boiling water, to be drank hot, 
 as a diaphoretic, etc. 
 
 Another formula is : 
 
 Hemlock Bark 2 pounds, Bayberry Bark 1 pound, Ginger y z pound, Cap- 
 sicum, Cloves, each 1 ounce, all in fine powder and intimately mixed. This 
 powder is not so strong as the preceding, and the Hemlock Bark is con- 
 sidered an addition to its diaphoretic properties. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoons- 
 ful prepared as above. 
 
 2780. Cubebs and Alum Powder. — Cubeb, in fine powder, 4 ounces, 
 Alum, in fine powder, 1 ounce. Mix them. The dose is 2 drachms or less 
 for Gonorrhoea or other vitiated discharges. One part of this powder may 
 be mixed with 4 parts of Syrup and given in this form. 
 
PYROXYLINUM. 721 
 
 2781. Diapente Powder.— Serpentaria, Gentian, Bayberry, Myrrh, Phos- 
 phate of Lime, each in fine powder equal parts, thoroughly mixed. 
 
 2782. Fumigating Powder. — Amber, Mastich, Olibanum, each 3 parts, 
 dry Storax 2 parts, Benzoin and Labdanum, each 1 part, all in coarse powder 
 and well mixed, to be burned on hot coals. 
 
 2783. Insect or Fly Powder. — This is the powdered unexpanded flow- 
 ers of Pyrethrum Roseum or Persian Chamomile. It is not poisonous ex- 
 cept to insects which breathe by trachea; on their sides, and are asphyxiated 
 by it. 
 
 2784. Worm Powder. — Worm Powders are made in great variety, but 
 are chiefly composed of Santonine combined with some laxative, as Santo- 
 nine 60 grains, Calomel 60 grains, Sugar of Milk 60 grains, rubbed together 
 and divided into 30 powders, one of which may be given to a child of 6 to 10 
 years old before meals. 
 
 2785. PYROXYLINUM. 
 
 Pyroxylin — Soluble Gun Cotton. 
 This is made by the U. S. P. as follows: 
 
 Cotton, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 10 parts or 10 ounces. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 12 parts or 12 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ... I 
 
 Stronger Ether, - . . . each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Water, . . . j 
 
 Mix the Acids gradually in a glass or porcelain vessel, and 
 when the temperature of the mixture has fallen to 30 C. 
 (90 F.) add the Cotton. By means of a glass rod imbue it 
 thoroughly with the Acids and allow it to macerate for 10 
 hours or until a sample of the Cotton taken out, washed thor- 
 oughly with Water, and subsequently with Alcohol and 
 pressed, is found to be soluble when shaken in a test-tube with 
 a mixture of 1 volume of Alcohol and 3 volumes of stronger 
 Ether. Then remove the Cotton from the Acids and wash 
 thoroughly with successive portions of cold Water and after- 
 wards with boiling Water, then drain and dry by heat of a 
 water-bath. 
 
722 RESINS — RESINS. 
 
 Soluble Gun Cotton, as thus prepared, is chemically Di- 
 nitro Ccllulin, and is soluble in a mixture of Alcohol and 
 Ether, making the Collodion of pharmacy. It combines with 
 Camphor, making Celluloid, which, by pressure, is made into a 
 hard, flexible substance used for making toilet and other fancy 
 articles, imitating ivory and other substances by adding color- 
 ing ingredients. It is extensively manufactured from wood- 
 paper pulp for this purpose. 
 
 By varying the strength of the Nitric Acid used three kinds 
 of Gun Cotton may be prepared varying in soluble properties — 
 Mononitro-Cellulin being but slightly explosive and insoluble, 
 Dinitro-Cellulin (the official pyroxylin) being more explosive 
 and soluble in a mixture of Alcohol and Ether, and Trinitro- 
 Cellulin, which is made with the strongest acids, being very 
 explosive but insoluble. This is the Gun Cotton chiefly used 
 for mining operations. 
 
 RESINS — RESINS. 
 
 Including Gujus. Gum-Resins, and Resinous Substances. 
 
 Resins, as understood in pharmacy, are substances obtained 
 from vegetable matters, insoluble in water but soluble in oils, 
 alcohol or ether, and, obtained as natural exudates, or as resi- 
 dues by distillation from oleo-resins or turpentines, or by pre- 
 cipitation from alcoholic fluid extracts of drugs in which they 
 naturally exist as active principles. 
 
 The Gums, Gum-Resins, and Resinoids are also included in 
 this section as they have similar origin and characteristics. 
 
 2786. Resina. 
 
 Resin — Colophony. 
 
 The residue left after distilling off the volatile oil from the crude turpentine 
 obtained from various species of Pinus. It is often improperly called Rosin. 
 It is a hard, brittle, transparent substance, from a very pale to a dark amber 
 color, and consists of Abietic Anhydride, which, when treated with dilute 
 alcohol, is converted into Abietic Acid. 
 
 Uses. — Resin is extensively used in the industrial arts for various purposes 
 and in pharmacy is employed to impart adhesiveness to ointments, cerates, 
 and plasters. 
 
RESIN.E — RESINS. 723 
 
 Resin Oil is an oil obtained by the dry distillation of Resin. It is used for 
 lubricating, etc., being first made into a soap with slacked lime. It is an 
 ingredient of axle-grease. 
 
 2787. Resina Copaibae. 
 
 Resin of Copaiba. 
 
 The residue left after distilling off the volatile oil from Copaiba. It is a 
 yellowish, brittle resin, of a weak odor and taste of Copaiba, and an acid 
 reaction. It is used to combine with Copaiba and Oil of Cubebs, making 
 "Extract of Cubebs and Copaiba," a paste or soft mass, used for Gonor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 2788. Resina Damar. 
 
 Demur Resin. 
 
 A Resin obtained from various species of Damar a, found in Southern 
 India. It is a clear or light amber-colored Resin, used for making Demar 
 Varnish by dissolving in Oil of Turpentine, and as a dusting for various 
 purposes. It is official in the G. P. 
 
 2789. Resina Jalapae. 
 
 Resin of Jul up. 
 Jalap, in No. 60 powder 16 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ) , cc ■ . 
 
 y each a sullicient quantity. 
 
 Water, j 
 
 Exhaust the Jalap by percolating with Alcohol in the water-bath perco- 
 lator as directed (1069), and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 6 l / 2 
 fl.ounces, which add to one gallon of water, gradually, and with constant 
 stirring, wash the precipitate with fresh water. Drain, press and dry by 
 gentle heat. This is used as a cathartic, usually in Pills. 
 
 2790. Resina Podophylli. 
 
 Resin of Podophyllum — {Podophyllin?) 
 
 Podophyllum, in No. 60 Powder 16 ounces. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Al( <>hol. ) , • 
 
 r each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 W .iter, ) ' ' 
 
 Exhaust the Podophyllum by percolating with Alcohol in the water-bath 
 percolater as directed (1069) and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 
 the consistence of Honey, which is then to be slowly added, with constant 
 Stirring, to 1 pint of Water, previously cooled by ice and mixed with the 
 
724 RESINS — RESINS. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid. Wash the precipitate twice with cold water, drain, press 
 and dry in a cool place. 
 
 This is more commonly called Podophyllin, and is the active principle of 
 Mandrake or May-apple root. 
 
 Uses, — This is extensively used in the manufacture of Liver and Cathar- 
 tic Pills and given in powders. The dose is y% to i grain. 
 
 2791. Resina Scammonii. 
 
 Resin of Scammony. 
 Scammony, in No. 60 Powder 16 ounces av. 
 
 AlCOhol, ) , rr- . 
 
 V each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Water, [ M 3 
 
 Digest the Scammony with successive portions of boiling Alcohol until ex- 
 hausted. Mix the tinctures thus obtained, and evaporate by distillation to a 
 syrupy consistence. Then add the residue to 2^ pints of water, wash the 
 precipitate with water and dry it with gentle heat. 
 
 Uses. — Resin of Scammony is used in making pills, powders, etc. The 
 dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 
 
 The foregoing Resins are official in the leading pharmaco- 
 poeias. The following unofficial Resins are considerably used : 
 
 2792. Amber — Succinum. — Also called Electron from its property of 
 generating electricity. A fossil-resin, supposed to have been produced by 
 species of Pinus now extinct. It is used for making ornaments, mouth-pieces 
 of pipes, etc. By dry distillation it yields Acetic Acid and Oil of Amber, 
 which pass over as liquids into the receiver, and Succinic Acid, H 2 C 4 H 4 4 , 
 which sublimes and gathers in the neck of the retort, and which combines 
 with bases forming Succinates. Amber is extensively used for making fine 
 varnishes. 
 
 2793. Anime — Gum-Anime, West India Copal. — A pale brownish-yel- 
 low, brittle, transparent Resin, obtained from a species of locust in the West 
 Indies. It emits a very fragrant odor when burned, and is used as a fumiga- 
 tion for asthma and in solution is externally applied. It is used in making 
 pastilles and for varnishes. 
 
 2794. Asphaltum. — A black, hard, brittle variety of bitumen found in 
 various parts of the world as a natural exudation from the earth. It is also 
 called Mineral Pitch, Fossil Bitumen, etc. It is not properly included with 
 the Resins but has similar characteristics. 
 
 Liqtiid Asphaltum. — This is prepared as a Black Japan or gloss varnish 
 by melting Asphaltum l / 2 pound av., adding Balsam Copaiba, heated, 1 pound, 
 and thinning with Oil of Turpentine. Ordinary Black Asphaltum Varnish is 
 made by melting Asphaltum and adding twice its weight of hot Oil of 
 Turpentine. 
 
RESIN^E — RESINS. 725 
 
 2795. Caoutchouc — India Rubber — Resina Elastica. — This is the con- 
 crete juice of several species of Elastica found in tropical countries. The 
 fresh milky juice is spread over mounds of unbaked clay and exposed to 
 heat by torches, from which its smoky color is derived. Successive layers of 
 the juice are spread on until the mass is sufficiently thick and hard, when the 
 clay is broken. India Rubber is extensively used in the arts, for a great 
 variety of purposes. Its solution in ether or benzol is used as an adhesive 
 and a water-proof covering for fabrics. 
 
 Vulcanized Rubber or Hard Rubber is made by combining Caoutchouc 
 with from 12 to 15 per cent, of Sulphur, by heating them together. It is 
 used for making a great variety of useful and ornamental articles. 
 
 2796. Copal — Gum Copal. — A resinous exudate from various species of 
 locust and other trees found in tropical countries. The variety obtained from 
 East India is known as Gum Anime (2793), that from the West Indies is 
 known as Copal. These resins are extensively used in the manufacture of 
 varnishes. 
 
 2797. Dragon's Blood — Sanguis Draconis, Resina Draconis. A rich- 
 red resin obtained from the fruit of Calamus Draco, a species of palm, by 
 beating or shaking the fruit in a bag, which breaks off the resin, which is 
 then separated, melted and run into reed moulds or masses as it appears on 
 the market. Its solution is used for coloring some medicinal substances, 
 varnishes and lacquers. 
 
 2798. Guaiac Resin — Gum Guaiac. — This Resin is obtained by various 
 means from Guaiacum Officinale and contains Guaiac ic Acid, C 13 H 16 6 , 
 and several other similar compounds. By dry distillation an Oil is obtained 
 containing Guaiacol, C 7 H 8 2 , Guaiacene, C 8 H 8 0, and other compounds. 
 
 Uses.— Guaiac Resin is used in making several preparations, and in medi- 
 cine is employed for gout, rheumatism, etc., either in solution or in powder. 
 
 2799. Gutta-Percha. — This is a substance resembling India Rubber, ob- 
 tained from Isonandro Gutta, growing only in the Malayan Archipelago. 
 The tree is notched or tapped and the milky juice which exudes exposed to 
 the air for some time when it solidifies, forming the Gutta Percha of com- 
 merce. It is purified and made into sheets which are elastic, pliable and 
 tough, and may be moulded into any desired form. Its solution in Benzol or 
 Bisulphide of Carbon is used for adhesive purposes, and for making water- 
 proof fabrics. 
 
 2800. Lac. — A resinous substance, combined with considerable coloring 
 matter, obtained from the branches of several tropical trees and produced by 
 the puncture of an inset, Coccus /area. The crude resinous substance is 
 Stick Lac. Shellac is prepared by melting the resin in long linen bags be- 
 fore a fire and spreading it on bamboo in thin layers. It is obtained in 
 scales. It is used as a varnish and for making sealing wax, etc. 
 
 Lac Dye is the coloring matter obtained from Lac by washing with water, 
 and Seed Lac is the residue obtained after dissolving out most of the coloring 
 matter from the crude I.ac. 
 
726 RESINS — RESINS — GUMS. 
 
 2801. Mastic — Gum Mastic. — A resin obtained from Pistacia Lentis- 
 cus by incising the bark and collecting the exudate. It occurs in tears, is- 
 soluble in Alcohol and in Oil of Turpentine, and is used for making a varnish 
 for pictures and for making cements, and as a dusting for gilding on leather, 
 cloth, etc. for bookbinders' use. 
 
 2802. Sandarach — Gum Sandarach. — This is a resinous exudate ob- 
 tained from Thuja articulata and Juniperus communis grown in warm cli- 
 mates. It is used in making spirit varnish for photographic plates, etc., and 
 in the form of powder for pounce bags, etc. 
 
 Gums. 
 
 Under this commercial title are included a great number of 
 substances which are pharmaceutically classed under other 
 headings. In pharmacy the substances classed as gums are 
 natural exudates from trees or plants, which are soluble, or 
 partly soluble, in water, and not in Alcohol, Ether, or Oils, 
 Acacia or Gum Arabic being the most perfect type of this 
 kind. 
 
 Acacia and Tragacanth, which are official, are the only true 
 gums. The remainder, which are thus classed commercially, 
 consisting of balsams, oleo-resins, turpentines, resins, gum- 
 resins, stearoptens (camphor), and inspissated or concrete 
 juices (as aloes and opium), and extracts (as catechu). 
 
 2803. Acacia. 
 
 Gum A?-abic. 
 
 This is a natural exudate, obtained from various species of Acacia, found 
 in Arabia, Morocco, Turkey, Africa and the East Indies, the product gener- 
 ally bearing the name of the country or locality from which it is obtained — 
 as Gum Arabic from Arabia, Barbary or Morocco Gum from Morocco, Gum 
 Senegal from the settlements on the Senegal River, and East India Gum 
 from Bombay. They are all furnished commercially as Gum Arabic of dif- 
 ferent qualities, the best being known as Extra, Select, White, and the in- 
 ferior qualities as 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, Select and Sorts. 
 
 Acacia consists chiefly of Arabic Acid or Arabin, combined with lime, 
 potassium, or magnesium. 
 
 Uses. — It dissolves in water forming mucilage, and is used for making 
 Syrup Acacia, and in making troches, pills, powders, etc. In medicine it 
 is used as a demulcent. 
 
 Gum Senegal is a species of Acacia extensively used in the arts. 
 
RESIX.E — RESINS — GUMS. 727 
 
 2804. Tragacantha. 
 
 Tragacanth or Gtim Tragacanth. 
 
 This is a gummy exudate from several varieties of Astragalus, found in 
 western Asia. It contains about 33 per cent, of Bassorin, an insoluble gum,' 
 and 53 per cent, of a soluble gum peculiar to it. 
 
 Uses. — Tragacanth absorbs water and forms a gelatinous mass or paste, 
 which is used as a mucilage. It is used in the form of a powder to give ad- 
 hesive properties to lozenges, troches, etc., also to make bandoline and hair 
 fixers. 
 
 Besides these gums, which are official, a few others are known and some- 
 times used, as Cherry-tree Gum, which is mostly insoluble, Hog Gum from 
 Rhus Metopium, Mesqtiit Gum from Algarobia Glandulosa, etc. 
 
 The following substances are classed commercially with 
 Gums, but are known in pharmacy by the names they bear : 
 
 2805. Aloes. — The inspissated juice of the leaves of several varieties of 
 Aloes found in Africa. Socotrine Aloes only is official in the U. S. The Br. 
 P. recognizes Socotrine and Barbadoes Aloes. See page 135. It is com- 
 monly known as Gum Aloes. 
 
 2806. Camphor — Gum Camphor — C 10 H 16 O. — Although Camphor is 
 a stearopten — an oxygenated turpene — possessing none of the properties of 
 gums or gum-resins, and does not properly belong in this department, it is 
 commercially classed with gums, and is familiarly known as " Camphor Gum." 
 It is obtained by subliming the crude Camphor, imported from China and 
 Japan, from Cinnamonum Camphora, in shallow iron vessels, the sublimed 
 Camphor collecting on the covers of the vessels. 
 
 Uses. — Camphor is one of the most familiar household remedies, " Spirits 
 of Camphor " being used for everything. In pharmacy it is much used in 
 making liniments, ointments, and other external applications and also an 
 ingredient of many preparations given internally. It is a stimulant and may 
 be given in doses of 2 to 10 grains. It is sold extensively to pack with furs 
 to prevent moths, etc. 
 
 Monobromated Camphor — C, H, 5 BrO. — This is prepared by the reaction 
 of Bromine upon Camphor, and subsequent separation of the crystalline 
 mass, and purification. It is given as a nervous sedative in doses of 2 to 5 
 grains. 
 
 2807. Catechu. — An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia Catechu, 
 containing Catcchu-tannic Acid, Catcchin and Catechol. It is known com- 
 mercially as Gum Catechu, (aim Cutch, Terra Japonica, etc. It is exten- 
 sively used for dyeing and tanning, and in medicine as an astringent and 
 tonic, the dose being from 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 2808. Kino — Gum Kino.— The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Mar- 
 SUpt'um, found in the East Indies, and containing several astringent principles. 
 
728 RESIN. E — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 
 
 It is used in pharmacy for making Tincture of Kino, and in medicine is 
 employed as an astringent and tonic, in doses of 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 2809. Opium — Gum Opium. — The concrete milky exudation from Pafia- 
 -ver Somniferum. Although classed commercially with the gums it has 
 none of their characteristics. See 2433. 
 
 Gum-Resins. 
 
 Gum-Resins, as understood in pharmacy, are natural exu- 
 dates from trees or plants, consisting' of gum, a portion soluble 
 in water, and Resin, soluble in alcohol, therefore possessing 
 the properties of both Gum and Resin. They are all classed 
 commercially and familiarly known as Gums. 
 
 The following are official in the U. S. and Br. pharma- 
 copoeias, under the titles given : 
 
 2810. Ammoniacum. 
 
 Ammoniac or Gum Ammoniac. 
 
 A Gum-Resin obtained from Dorema Ammoniacum, containing about 25 
 per cent, of Gum, 70 per cent, of Resin, and 3 per cent, of volatile oil. It 
 forms an emulsion when rubbed with water, and is somewhat employed as 
 an expectorant and stimulant. It is also given in powders. The dose is 5 
 to 1 5 grains. 
 
 2811. Resorcin. — C G H 6 3 — Ammoniac is exhausted with alcohol, and 
 the alcohol distilled until an extract only remains ; this is carefully fused with 
 three times its weight of caustic potassa; the mass is then dissolved in 
 water and slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid, the solution filtered and 
 agitated with ether. The etherial portion is then separated and distilled or 
 evaporated, leaving impure Resorcin as a residue, which is purified by dis- 
 solving in ether, distilling and crystallizing. 
 
 Resorcin is used as an antiseptic in fevers, cholera, etc., in doses of 5 to 10 
 grains. 
 
 2812. Asafcetida. 
 
 Asafetida or Gum Fetida, 
 
 A Gum-Resin obtained from the root of Ferula Narthax and other species 
 of Ferula, containing about 20 per cent, of Gum and about 70 per cent, of 
 Resin and a volatile oil. A portion is soluble in water, but the valuable portion 
 is soluble in alcohol. It forms an emulsion when rubbed with water. It is em- 
 ployed as an antispasmodic in doses of 3 to 10 grains, and is given in the 
 form of tincture and syrup for worms. Owing to its disagreeable odor it is 
 usually given in the form of pills. 
 
RESINjE — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 729 
 
 2813. Cambogia. 
 
 Gambogia, Gum Gamboge. 
 A Gum-Resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii, containing about 20 per 
 cent, of Gum and 75 per cent, of Resin, called Gambogic Acid. It is a pow- 
 erful hydrogogue cathartic, and is mostly used in combination with other 
 substances in cathartic pills. The dose is l /> to 3 grains. It is also used as 
 a pigment, making with water a glossy golden color. 
 
 2814. Galbanum. 
 
 Gum Galbanum. 
 A Gum-Resin obtained from Ferula Galbaniflua, containing 20 per cent, of 
 gum, 65 per cent, of resin, and about 8 per cent, of volatile oil. It is a valu- 
 able ingredient of plasters and is used in pills. Its resin, extracted with alco- 
 hol, yields resorcin by the same treatment as is employed with ammoniac, and 
 by dry distillation Umbelliferone, C 9 H 6 3 , which is the principal in gums, 
 giving a blue color when dissolved with water and a little ammonia added. 
 Galbanum is employed internally as an antispasmodic, in doses of 5 to 1 5 
 grains. 
 
 2815. Myrrha. 
 
 Myrrh — Gum Myrrh. 
 
 A Gum-Resin obtained from Balsamodendro?i Myrrha, containing about 
 30 per cent, of gum, 60 per cent of resin, about 3 per cent, of a volatile oil, 
 and a bitter principle. 
 
 Myrrh is used in making several official preparations and employed in 
 medicine as a stimulant and tonic. The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 
 
 2816. Scammonium. 
 
 Scammony. 
 A dried exudation from the root of Convulvulus Scammonium, containing 
 gum and resin. The best varieties are called Virgin Scammony. It is used 
 for making Resin of Scammony and in medicine as a purgative. 
 
 Other Gum-Resins. 
 
 Several other Gum-resins besides the foregoing official ones are used in 
 pharmacy and medicine. The more important are as follows: 
 
 2817. Bdellium— 1 htm Bdellium. — A substance resembling Myrrh, 
 obtained from Africa and the East Indies. It is used as a stimulant and 
 
 orant. 
 
 2818. Euphorbium. — A substance containing about 18 per cent, of gum 
 and 38 per cent, of resin, obtained from Euphorbium resinifera found in 
 Morocco. It is used in irritating plasters, especially in veterinary practice, 
 and in catarrh snuffs, etc. 
 
730 RESIN.E — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 
 
 2819. Olibanum — Gum Olibanum or Frankincense. — A Gum-Resin 
 obtained from several species of Boswellia. It resembles Myrrh and is 
 burned as incense. It contains 30 to 36 per cent, of gum and about 56 per 
 cent, of resin, with a little volatile oil and insoluble gum (bassorin). It is 
 used in making plasters and some other preparations. 
 
 2820. Opoponax — Gum Opoponax.— A Gum-Resin obtained from the 
 roots of Opoponax Chironium, and containing gum, volatile oil, and resin. 
 It is sometimes used as a stimulant and in plasters. 
 
 2821. Sagepenum — Gum Sagepenum. — A Gum-Resin obtained from 
 some species of Ferula, somewhat resembling Asafetida and Galbanum. 
 Factitious Gum Sagepenum is made by melting 3 parts Asafetida with 1 5 
 parts Galbanum and adding 1 part Oil of Turpentine. Its uses are similar to 
 Galbanum. 
 
 2822. Spruce Gum. — A Gum-Resin obtained from the black spruce, Abies 
 Nigra, found in the elevated regions of New England and in Canada. This 
 gum is highly esteemed as a chewing gum, the pure gum having a fine flavor, 
 but, as it is not abundant, most of the gum sold as Spruce Gum consists 
 mainly of Bergundy Pitch. 
 
 An alcoholic Tincture of Pure Spruce Gum is used as a pectoral, and may 
 be made into a syrup the same as Tolu. 
 
 2823. Tamarac Gum.— This is a Gum-Resin exuding from the tamarac 
 or hackmatack tree, Larix Americana. It is not very abundant. It is used 
 in the form of tincture as a pectoral, and the gum is chewed for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 Many other exudates which are known commercially as Gums will be 
 found under other headings, as Benzoin, Liquidamber or Sweet Gum under 
 Balsams, Elemi, Gum Thus or White Pine Gum, etc., under Oleo- 
 Resins, etc. 
 
 2824. Chewing Gums. 
 
 The practice of Gum chewing has recently developed to quite an extent 
 among all classes, and enterprising manufacturers advertise the superior 
 qualities of their Gums with great vigor. They can only be mentioned in 
 this connection, their formulas being given in another department. 
 
 The Chewing Gums sold as " Spruce Gum " are mainly composed of 
 Burgundy Pitch. The white Gums under various titles as "Mastic," " Tolu," 
 " Rosebud," etc., are soft Paraffin, some of them being mixed with sugar, 
 fruits, etc. "Rubber Gum" is made from Rubber mixed with some other 
 Gums. The Taffy and Caramel Gums are made with mixed Gums and 
 Sugar or Caramel, etc. The Black Gums contain Black Pitch, etc. In fact, 
 so great is the variety of Chewing Gums found in the market that it is next 
 to impossible to enumerate them. 
 
RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 731 
 
 RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 
 
 . Eclectic Extracts, Powders, or Active Principles. 
 
 A class of preparations first introduced by the Eclectics and 
 known as concentrated medicines or resinoids, of which Resin 
 of Podophyllum (" Podophyllin ") may be taken as a type, are 
 considerably used, many of them possessing great merit as 
 representing the principles of the drugs from which they are 
 derived in concentrated form. These preparations are gener- 
 ally precipitated alcoholic extracts of the drugs, some being 
 resins, some oleo-resins, and others mixed principles, which 
 may or may not represent the true active medicinal value of 
 the drug, depending upon its solubility in alcohol. They must 
 not, therefore, be confounded with true active principles of 
 definite chemical composition bearing the same names, as they 
 are sometimes widely different. 
 
 2825. General Formula for Resinoids or 
 Concentrations. 
 
 Take of the required drug in moderately fine powder any 
 convenient quantity and Alcohol sufficient. Exhaust the drug 
 by water-bath percolation with the alcoholic menstruum and 
 concentrate the percolate by distillation until it is reduced to 
 the consistence of a thin syrup, which pour gradually and with 
 constant stirring into a sufficient quantity of cold Water. 
 After standing, collect the precipitate, wash it with a little 
 cold water, spread it upon plates and carefully dry it by means 
 of a current of warm air, or in the case of Oleo-resins, or very 
 soft extracts which are precipitated, mix them with a suffi- 
 cient quantity of the powdered drug from which they were 
 derived, to make them into the form of powder. 
 
 The consistence of the residue after concentration by distil- 
 lation <>r evaporation depends much upon the constituents of 
 the drug, but as a rule the liquid should be no more than one 
 fourth the quantity of the powdered drug which was taken. 
 And the quantity of cold Water into which it is poured should 
 be from 10 to 30 times as much as of the concentrated liquid. 
 Some extracts deposit tarry matter, which is undesirable, and 
 
782 
 
 RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 
 
 should be removed by allowing them to stand and decanting 
 the clear solution before adding to Water. Alum is sometimes 
 added to the Water to facilitate the precipitation. 
 
 Asclepidin, CypHpedin, Ptelein, Scnccin, XantJioxylin and some 
 other preparations are mostly Oleo-resins, and must be mixed 
 with the powdered substances in order to make them into a 
 powder. Some, like Leptandrin and Ergotin, are soft resinous 
 substances and are much improved by the addition of a por- 
 tion of the powdered substance. 
 
 The following list embraces most of the Concentrations or 
 Resinoids which are used, although it is obvious that many 
 others may be made. They may be prepared as directed by 
 the foregoing General Formula : 
 
 ECLECTIC CONCENTRATIONS OR RESINOIDS. 
 
 2827 
 282S 
 2829 
 2830 
 2831 
 2832 
 2833 
 2834 
 2835 
 2836 
 2837 
 2838 
 2S39 
 2840 
 2S41 
 2842 
 2843 
 2844 
 2845 
 2846 
 2847 
 2848 
 2849 
 2850 
 285. 
 2852 
 2853 
 2854 
 2855 
 2856 
 2857 
 2858 
 2859 
 2860 
 2861 
 2862 
 2863 
 
 Aconitin , 
 
 Aletrin 
 
 Alunin , 
 
 Ampelopsin.. . 
 
 Apocynin , 
 
 Asclepin 
 
 Atropin , 
 
 Baptisin 
 
 Barosmin 
 
 Betin 
 
 Caulophyllin . 
 Ceanothin 
 
 Cerasein 
 
 Chelonin 
 
 Chimaphilin . 
 Chionanthin . 
 Cimicifugin . . 
 Collinsonin . . 
 Colocynthin .. 
 
 Cornin 
 
 Corydalin. . . . 
 
 Cypripedin 
 
 Di gitalin 
 
 Diosconn 
 
 Ergotin 
 
 Erythroxylin . 
 Euonymin . . . 
 Eupatorin. . . . 
 Euphorbin . . . 
 Eupurpurin... 
 
 Krazerin 
 
 Gelsemin .... 
 
 Geraniin 
 
 Gossypiin 
 
 Hamamelklin 
 
 Helonin 
 
 Hydrastin. . . . 
 Hyoscyamin. . 
 
 PREPARED FROM. 
 
 PART USED. 
 
 Aconitum Napellus Root. 
 
 Aletris Farinosa Root 
 
 Aluns Rubra Bark 
 
 Ampelopsis Quinquefolia Bark 
 
 Apocynum Androsaemifolium. . Root 
 
 Asclepias Tuberosa Root 
 
 Atropa Belladonna Root or leaves. . 
 
 Baptisia Tinctoria Root 
 
 Barosma Betulina Leaves 
 
 Beta Vulgaris Root 
 
 Caulophyllum, thalictroides . . . Root 
 
 Ceanothus Americana Root 
 
 Cerasus Virginiana Bark 
 
 Chelona Glabra Herb 
 
 Chimaphila Umbellata : Leaves 
 
 Chionanthus Virginiana Bark 
 
 Cimicifuga Racinosa Rhizome 
 
 Collinsonia Canadensis Herb 
 
 Cucumis Colocynthis Fruit Pulp 
 
 Cornus Florida Root bark 
 
 Dicentra Canadensis Tubers 
 
 Cypripedium Pubescens Rhizome 
 
 Digitalis Purpurea Leaves 
 
 Dioscorea Villosa Root 
 
 Ergota, Claviceps purpurea.. . . Fungus 
 
 Erythroxylon Coca Leaves 
 
 Euonymus Atropurpureus Bark 
 
 Eupatorium Perforatum Leaves and tops. 
 
 Euphorbia Corollata Root 
 
 Eupatorium Purpureum Root 
 
 Frasera Waited Root 
 
 Gelseminum Sempervirens .... Rhizome 
 
 Geraneum Maculatum Root 
 
 Gossipium Herbaceum Root bark 
 
 Hamamelidis Virginica Root 
 
 Helonias Dioica Root 
 
 Hydrastis Canadensis Rhizome 
 
 Hyoscyamus Niger I Leaves 
 
 & to 
 2 to 
 
 2 to 
 
 V 2 to 
 
 35 to 
 '.to 
 
 1 to 
 
 2 to 
 U to 
 
 2 to 
 5 to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 
 Kto 
 
 3 to 
 5* to 
 
 1 to 
 *to 
 
 2 tO 
 IS tO 
 
 M to 
 2 to 
 
 V2 to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 
 l 2 to 
 
 2 to 
 
 ■k grain. 
 5 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 8 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 
 A grain. 
 1 grain. 
 
 4 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 1 g.ain. 
 5 grains. 
 
 10 grains. 
 
 2 giains. 
 
 4 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 3 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 
 2 grains, 
 r grain. 
 5 grains. 
 
 % grain. 
 
 3 grains. 
 
 4 grains. 
 
 4 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 
RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. SACCHARA. 
 
 733 
 
 ECLECTIC CONCENTRATIONS OR RESINOIDS — Continued. 
 
 No. NAME. 
 
 PREPARED FROM. 
 
 PART USED. 
 
 DOSE. 
 
 2864 Inulin 
 
 2865 Irisin or Iridin . . . 
 
 2866 Jalapin 
 
 2867 Juglandin 
 
 Inula Helenium 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Tub.r 
 
 Root bark 
 
 1 to 
 #to 
 
 Kto 
 
 2 tO 
 2 tO 
 2 tO 
 
 iV to 
 I to 
 1 to 
 1 to 
 
 1 to 
 t to 
 
 ^to 
 ^5 to 
 
 2 tO 
 
 I to 
 
 1 to 
 
 2 tO 
 
 I to 
 1 to 
 
 K to 
 
 3 to 
 
 1 to 
 
 2 tO 
 
 X A to 
 
 3 to 
 tfto 
 
 1 to 
 #to 
 
 3 grains. 
 2 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 
 4 grains. 
 % grain. 
 
 3 grains. 
 3 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 1 grain. 
 
 1 grain. 
 5 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 
 4 grains. 
 3 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 
 2 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 3 grains. 
 5 grains. 
 
 1 grain. 
 5 grains. 
 
 % grain. 
 
 2 grains. 
 1 grain. 
 
 
 
 Leontodon Taraxacum. ....... 
 
 Leptandra Virginica 
 
 Lobelia Inflata 
 
 Humulus Lupulus 
 
 Lycopus Virginicus 
 
 2869 Leptandrin 
 
 2870 Lobelin 
 
 2871 Lupulin 
 
 
 Herb 
 
 Strobiles 
 
 Plant 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Root 
 
 Bark 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 2S73 Macrotin 
 
 2874 Menispermin 
 
 Menispermum Canadense 
 
 Myrica Cerifera 
 
 Phitolacca Decandra 
 
 Podophyllum Peltatum 
 
 2876 Phytolaccin 
 
 2877 Podophyllin 
 
 Bark 
 
 Root bark 
 
 Bark... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2881 Rhein 
 
 
 
 
 Rhus Glabra 
 
 Root bark 
 
 Root 
 
 2883 Rumin 
 
 2884 Sanguinarin 
 
 Rumex Crispus 
 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis 
 
 Scutellaria Laterifolia 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Herb 
 
 
 Plant 
 
 
 
 
 2888 St llingin 
 
 2889Tri!liin 
 
 289x1 Veratrin 
 
 2891 Viburnin 
 
 2892 Xanthoxylin 
 
 
 
 Trillium Pendulum 
 
 Rout 
 
 
 Rhizome 
 
 Bark 
 
 Viburnum Opulus 
 
 Xanthoxylum Fraxineum 
 
 Bark 
 
 SACCHARA — SUGARS. 
 
 Sugars arc substances composed of carbon, hydrogen and 
 oxygen, of a sweet taste, crystallizable, and mostly of a vege- 
 table origin. The most important sugars, are Saccharose, the 
 ordinary Sugar of commerce, prepared from sugar-cane, sor- 
 ghum, etc., and glucose, which has already been described 
 (page 515). 
 
 The glucoses have the composition C H 12 O 6 ,and are di- 
 rectly subject to vinous fermentation. The saccharoses have 
 the composition C, JLO, , , and arc fermentable only after 
 being converted into a Sugar of the glucose: class. 
 
 There are also a number of non-fermentable Sugars termed 
 saccharoids, some of them having the same composition as 
 glucose, and others varying somewhat. 
 
734 SACCHARA — SUGARS. 
 
 Among other products that are derived from the decompo- 
 sition of Saccharine fluids, Alcohol, Acetic Acid and Oxalic 
 Acid may be mentioned as most valuable. 
 
 2894. Saccharum. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 The greater part of the Sugar found in the market is pre- 
 pared from the expressed juice of the Sugar-cane, grown in the 
 Southern States, the West Indies, and Central America. The 
 Sugar-cane is crushed in mills, and the juice, which is about 80 
 per cent, of the whole, is expressed, a little lime and bisulphite 
 of calcium added, then strained and evaporated to a thick 
 syrup, which is placed in casks, allowed to crystallize and 
 drained. In the larger manufacturing establishments the pro- 
 cess employed is somewhat different, the vacuum pan being 
 used instead of open evaporation, and the draining being ac- 
 complished by "centrifugals," which by rapid motion separate 
 the fluid from the solid portions. The process for making 
 Sugar from Sorghum is the same, and Beet-Root Sugar is 
 made in a similar manner, but is not so readily purified. 
 
 The crude or "raw" sugars prepared as described are puri- 
 fied and decolorized by filtering their solutions through pow- 
 dered animal charcoal, or bone-black. When allowed to crys- 
 tallize from the solution thus purified the crystals obtained are 
 called Rock Candy, but if evaporated to a solid mass with 
 continual agitation, it is granulated. 
 
 Granulated Sugar, on account of its purity and convenience, 
 is generally chosen for making syrups and liquid preparations, 
 and powdered Sugar for making troches, powders, triturations, 
 etc. Cane-sugar is often adulterated or mixed with Grape 
 Sugar, which may be discovered by Trommer's test, which is 
 as follows: 
 
 Trommer's Test. — To a solution of the sugar or saccharine liquid desired 
 to be tested, add a little solution of sulphate of copper, and then solution of 
 potassa in excess ; heat the mixture to boiling. When cool, if the saccharine 
 solution contained only saccharose or cane-sugar, there will be but a small 
 deposit of red powder ; but if it contained grape-sugar or glucose, there will 
 be a copious greenish precipitate, which changes to scarlet and afterward to a 
 dark brownish-red. 
 
SACCHARA — SUGARS. 735 
 
 Saccharine Substances. 
 
 The following substances, having similar composition and characteristics, 
 are known as Saccharine substances : 
 
 Saccharoses. 
 
 C 12 Ho,O u . 
 Cane-Sugar (Saccharose). — From sugar-cane, beets, and sorghum. 
 Parasacc/iarose. — Produced by spontaneous fermentation of cane-sugar. 
 Milk Sugar (Lactose, Lactin). — Obtained from milk. (See page 542.) 
 Mycose. — Obtained from ergot, identical with trehalose. 
 Melezitose. — Obtained from manna found in Tasmania and Persia. 
 Melitose. — Obtained from various species of eucalyptus. 
 Trehalose. — Obtained from cocoons of Larinus Maculatus. 
 
 Glucoses. 
 
 C H 12 O 6 . 
 
 Glucose (Dextrose or Dextro-Glucose). — From starch, etc. (See page 515.) Ro- 
 tates the plane of polarization strongly to the right. 
 
 Grape- Sugar. — By crystallizing glucose. (See page 515.) 
 
 Lcevulose (Lsevo-Glucose). — From sugar-cane and molasses. Rotates plane of 
 polarization to the left. 
 
 Maltose (Barley-Sugar). — By the action of diastase on starch. 
 
 Dulcilose. — By oxidizing dulcit with nitric acid. 
 
 Mannitose. — Found in muscular flesh. 
 
 Galactose — By treating sugar of milk with dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 The following are the non-fermentable saccharine substances : 
 
 Maunit — C 6 H 14 6 . — From manna and other similar substances. 
 Dulcit — C 6 H 14 O c . — From meiampyrum nemorosum. 
 Eucalyn — C 6 H 12 O . — From the fermentation of melitose. 
 fnosil C H 12 O 6 . — From muscular flesh. 
 Quercitrose — C c H 12 O . — From quercitrine. 
 Sorbil — C H 12 O 6 . — From mountain ash berries. 
 Erythromannil — C 12 H 30 O 12 . — From protococcus vulgaris. 
 Isodulcit — C II 1 .,O . — From quercitrine. 
 Piirit — C e H 18 B . — From pinus Iambertiana. 
 Quercil — C c 1 1 , 2 5 . — From acorns. 
 
 2895. Saccharates are prepared by saturating sugar with tinctures, drying 
 it, then powdering. Homoeopathic pellets are prepared in a similar manner, 
 by saturating them with a tincture strongly alcoholic and allowing them to 
 dry. 
 
 2896. Oleo-Saccharures — ElcBO-Sacchara — are prepared by rubbing 1 
 drop of any volatile oil wilh 30 grains of powdered sugar until they are 
 thoroughly mixed. 
 
 2897. Saccharine.— This is a new substance prepared by a complicated 
 process from Toluene, by treating with acids and ammonia. Its every-day 
 
736 SALICINUM — SALICIN. SALICYL. 
 
 chemical name is Benzoyl-Sulphonic-Imide, but when it is on dress-parade 
 it is known as Anhydroorthosulpaminbenzoic Acid, its composition being 
 C 6 H 4 COS0 2 NH. It is said to be about three hundred times sweeter than 
 sugar, and to possess wonderful antiseptic properties. Its uses have not yet 
 been well denned, but it is predicted to be of great value in sweetening 
 preparations which with sugar would be liable to ferment, as fruit juices, etc. 
 
 2898. SALICINUM — SALICIN. 
 
 C 13 H 18 7 . 
 
 A neutral principle prepared from the bark of Salix of dif- 
 ferent species, by treating a boiling concentrated decoction of 
 the bark with Oxide of Lead until it becomes nearly colorless, 
 the lead combining with the gum tannin and extractive mat- 
 ter, which is removed by filtration. The filtered liquid is then 
 treated with Sulphuric Acid to convert the dissolved Oxide of 
 Lead into a sulphate, and then with Sulphide of Barium to 
 remove sulphates, etc. The liquor is then filtered, evaporated, 
 and crystallized, Salicin being obtained, 
 
 Salicin is a Glucoside, which yields Saligcnin and Sugar 
 when heated with dilute acids. 
 
 Uses. — It is used as a febrifuge and tonic in doses of 5 to 
 30 grains. Some practitioners prefer it to quinine, especially 
 in rheumatic fever. 
 
 SALICYL. 
 
 C,H 4 0. 
 
 This is the hypothetical compound radical of the Salicyl 
 series of compounds. It is not known as a free radical, but 
 only in combination. 
 
 The volatile Oil of Meadow Sweet, Spircea Ulmaria, is a 
 natural hydride of Salicyl. Oil of Wintergreen and Oil of 
 Birch are also compounds of Salicyl. 
 
 2899. Acidum Salicylicum— Salicylic Acid, — HC 7 H 5 3 . The greater 
 part of the Salicylic Acid found in the market is made according to the pro- 
 cess of Kolbe, by treating Carbolate of Sodium with Carbon dioxide (Car- 
 bonic Acid gas) ; by this process it is made as follows : A highly concen- 
 
SALICYL. SANTONINUM — SANTONIN. 737 
 
 trated solution of Caustic Soda is evaporated with a corresponding amount of 
 Carbolic Acid to a dry powder. This is then heated in a retort to ioo° C. 
 (212 F.) and a current of dry carbon dioxide passed over it. The tempera- 
 ture is gradually increased to 180 C. (356 F.) and then to 220 C. (428 
 F.), at which temperature the free Phenol distills over. The temperature is 
 then increased to 250 C. (482 F.) and continued until no more Phenol dis- 
 tills. Half of the Phenol used now remains in the retort as Salicylate of 
 Sodium, the other half having been recovered by distillation as Phenol. 
 
 The Sodium Salicylate thus obtained is dissolved in water, decomposed by 
 the addition of Hydrochloric Acid, the precipitate washed and crystallized 
 from its solution in hot water, then drained and dried, making the Salicylic 
 Acid of commerce, which may be termed Pheno-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 A Salicylic Acid in much larger crystals is also prepared from Oil of Win- 
 tergreen, but is too expensive for general use. It is known as Gaulthero- 
 Salicylic Acid, and has the same chemical composition as that previously 
 described. It forms with bases a class of Salts called Salicylates. 
 
 Uses.— Salicylic Acid is employed extensively as a preservative of non-al- 
 coholic liquids, fruits, etc., and in medicine is used as a remedy for rheum- 
 atism, neuralgia, and septic diseases, and in large doses as an antipyretic. 
 The dose is from 5 to 1 5 grains. 
 
 2900. Salicylous Acid — C 7 H 6 3 — Salicylol. This is an oily liquid, ob- 
 tained from Volatile Oil of Meadow Sweet, which, when pure, consists en- 
 tirely of it. It is also obtained from Salicin. It is not employed in medicine. 
 
 2901. Salol. — This new antiseptic and antipyretic is a phenyl ether of 
 Salicylic Acid, its chemical formula being C C H 5 .C 7 H 5 3 . The process for 
 making it is complicated, but it is claimed that it possesses the valuable 
 medicinal properties of Salicylic Acid without its disagreeable effects. It is 
 given for rheumatism, fevers, etc., in doses of 5 to 20 grains, with excellent 
 results, and also applied as a dusting powder for eruptions, sores, etc. 
 
 2902. SANTONINUM -SANTONIN. 
 
 C ]5 H 18 0. r 
 A neutral crystalline principle prepared from Santonica. A 
 formula for its preparation is official in the Br. P., as follows: 
 
 Santonica, bruised 1 pound av. 
 
 Slacked Lime, 7 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia ^ fi. ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Purified Animal Charcoal 60 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
f38 SANTONINUM — SANTONIN. SAPOES — SOAPS. 
 
 The bruised " Worm Seed " is boiled first with I gallon 
 (Imperial) of Water and 5 ounces of the Lime for an hour; 
 the liquid is then strained off with pressure and the residue 
 again boiled for half an hour with half a gallon (Imperial) 
 of Water and 2 ounces of the lime, and the liquid strained 
 with pressure as before and added to the portion previously 
 obtained. The liquid is then allowed to settle, strained, and 
 evaporated to 2^ pints (Imperial). To this,, while hot, Hydro- 
 chloric Acid is added until the liquid is slightly acid and set aside 
 for 5 days to precipitate. The liquid is then poured off from 
 the precipitate, which is washed first with cold Water, then 
 with the Solution of Ammonia diluted with 5 ounces of cold 
 Water. It is then pressed, dried, and mixed with the Animal 
 Charcoal, 9 fl. ounces of the Spirit added, and, after half an 
 hour, the mixture boiled for 10 minutes. It is then filtered 
 while hot and the residue in the filter washed with an ounce 
 of boiling spirit and the liquid set aside to crystallize. The 
 crystals are then collected, dissolved in 4 ounces of boiling 
 Spirit and recrystallized. It should be protected from the 
 light, which changes it yellow. 
 
 Uses. — Santonin is employed in medicine as an anthel- 
 mintic in doses of 1 or two grains. It is best given in the 
 form of powder or suspended in syrup or emulsion, or in the 
 form of troches. The worm confections and lozenges which 
 are popular contain Santonin. 
 
 SAPOES — SOAPS. 
 
 Soaps are compounds of fatty acids with alkalies, and are 
 prepared by mixing fats or oils with a caustic alkali in solution, 
 and either boiling until a thick mass is formed or combining 
 cold, and allowing to stand until the combination is effected. 
 The use of Soaps in the arts and industries is well known. 
 In pharmacy and medicine they are considerably employed. 
 
 Soaps are naturally divided into hard soaps, which are made 
 with soda alkali, and soft soaps, which are made with Potassa 
 alkali. As different fats vary in proportion of their fatty acids, 
 and the caustic soda and potassa of commerce vary in caustic 
 
SAPOES — SOAPS. 739 
 
 strength, definite formulas for the Soap bases cannot well be 
 given, but the following general formulas and processes given 
 by W. J. Menzies in the Manufacturers Review for November 
 15, 1880, will be satisfactory. The first can be used either for 
 making Castile Soap or Curd Soap : 
 
 2903. General Formula for Hard Soaps. 
 
 Take exactly 20 pounds of Greenbank double refined 98 per cent, pow- 
 dered caustic soda ; put it into any suitable iron or metal vessel with 90 
 pounds of soft water, stir it once or twice with a stirrer ; it will dissolve 
 immediately and become quite hot ; let it stand until the lye thus made is 
 cold. Weigh out and place in any convenient vessel for mixing and melting 
 exactly 145 pounds of clean tallow, grease or oil (where oil is used no heat- 
 ing is required). Melt it slowly either with steam or fire until it is liquid and 
 feels warm to the hand — that is to say, not exceeding ioo° F. Pour the lye 
 slowly into the melted tallow in a small stream continuously, at the same 
 time stirring with a flat wooden stirrer about three inches broad ; continue 
 gently stirring until the lye and melted tallow or oil are thoroughly combined 
 and the mixture appears like honey. Do not stir too long, or the mixture is 
 liable to separate again. The time required varies somewhat with the 
 weather and kind of tallow, grease or oil used, from fifteen to twenty minutes 
 will be quite enough. When the mixture is complete, pour it off into an 
 ordinary soap frame ; or this may be dispensed with, and an old square 
 wooden box may be used for a mould, previously damping the sides with 
 white wash or water so as to prevent the soap sticking. Put the frame or 
 box in a warm place until the next day, covering it up well with blankets ; it 
 will then be found to contain about 255 pounds of fine white hard soap, 
 which can be cut up with a wire into bars for the convenience of weighing, 
 etc. Remember the chief points in the above directions, which must be 
 exactly followed. The lye must be allowed to cool. The heated tallow or 
 grease used must hot be over a temperature of about ioo° F. The lye must 
 be thoroughly stirred into the melted tallow, not tallow or oil into the lye. 
 The exact weights of Double Refined Powdered 98 per cent. Caustic Soda 
 and tallow, grease or oil must be taken. If the tallow or grease is not clean 
 or contains any salt, it must be " rendered " or purified previous to use, that 
 is to say, boiled with water and allowed to cool, as any salt present spoils the 
 whole operation entirely. Discolored or rancid grease or tallow, however, is 
 just as good for common soap-making purposes. If the soap turns out 
 streaky and uneven, it has not been thoroughly mixed. If very sharp to the 
 taste, too much caustic soda has been used. If soft, mild and greasy, too 
 much tallow or oil has been taken. In either case it should now be thrown 
 into a kettle with about six gallons of water and cut up into shavings or very 
 small pieces. In the first case boiling is all that is necessary — in the other 
 instances a very little more oil or a very little more of the Double Refined 98 
 
740 SAPOES — SOAPS. 
 
 per cent. Caustic Soda must be added to the water previous to boiling. None 
 of these things will happen, however, if the above directions are exactly fol- 
 lowed, and with the experience gained after making a few batches of soap 
 the whole process is an exceedingly easy one. 
 
 2904. General Formula for Soft Soap. 
 
 Take 50 pounds of Greenbank pure caustic potash ; put it in any iron or 
 earthenware vessel with 90 pounds of water. Stir it once or twice ; it will 
 dissolve immediately and become quite hot. Let it stand until the lye thus 
 made is cold. Place in any convenient vessel for mixing 185 pounds of cot- 
 tonseed oil and 20 pounds of clean melted tallow. Pour the lye into the oil 
 in a small stream, at the same time stirring with a flat wooden stirrer about 
 three inches broad. Continue gently stirring until the lye and oil are thor- 
 oughly combined, and in appearance like honey. Now cover the vessel up 
 and put it in a warm place until the next day. The oil and lye will then be 
 found nearly all combined. Stir up well again and leave for a few days, 
 when the mixture will become quite even and the saponification complete ; 
 the result being the production of about 345 pounds of very stiff potash soap, 
 costing for materials about 3X cents per pound. If made for use by an 
 actual consumer nothing more need be done ; the requisite quantity can be 
 thrown into the scouring vat, either with or without the addition of a small 
 quantity of carbonate potash to increase the alkali present, and depending 
 upon the purpose for which the soap is used. 
 
 The potash soap produced in this way is very much more concentrated 
 than the ordinary" fig " soap hitherto sold. If it is desired to make an ordinary 
 soft soap it can be produced in the following manner : Take 200 pounds of 
 the stiff potash soap and add to it about 70 pounds of water. Put it into a 
 boiling pan and gently heat and stir it so as to mix well together ; at the 
 same time adding about eight pounds of crystalline carbonate of potash, 
 which will remove all " stringyness " and produce a clear homogeneous soap. 
 It will improve in appearance by keeping for a short time. 
 
 The above "cold process " is simple and effective, and even a few pounds 
 alone of soft soap can be made by it. With mechanical mixing apparatus 
 and large pans, soft soap can easily be produced on a large scale by this 
 process. 
 
 The following are the Soaps of the U. S., Br. and German 
 Pharmacopoeias : 
 
 2905. Sapo. U. S. 
 
 White Castile Soap. 
 Soap prepared from Soda and Olive Oil. In Br. pharmacy this is known 
 as Sapo Duris, or Hard Soap ; in German pharmacy it is known as Sapo 
 Oleaceous ; but in commerce it is known only as Castile Soap. 
 
SAPOES — SOAPS. 741 
 
 The common varieties made from inferior oil and mottled by the addition 
 of an iron salt are extensively sold as ordinary Castile Soap, but in medicine 
 and in pharmacy only that made with fine Olive Oil and pure Soda should 
 be used. It is employed for making oleates, liniments and pills, and is exten- 
 sively used mixed with other kinds of Soap for making perfumed and toilet 
 soaps. 
 
 2906. Sapo Animalis. Br. 
 
 Curd Soap. 
 
 A Soap made with Soda and purified animal fat, consisting principally of 
 stearin. This is a nearly neutral White Soap, generally made with fine tallow 
 and pure soda alkali or caustic soda. It is known as Tallow Soap, and used 
 as the basis of most of the perfumed toilet Soaps. In pharmacy it is used 
 in making several plasters, liniments, pills, and suppositories. 
 
 For making fine Toilet Soaps, Curd Soap is reduced to shavings by passing 
 over a plane and then, being moistened, it is combined with the perfuming 
 oils desired, by working them well in with it in a mortar, until the mass is of 
 uniform consistence without streaks. For larger manufacturing the Soap is 
 milled with the oils, and then pressed into cakes. If desired to be colored 
 the coloring matter is well worked in. 
 
 2907. Sapo Jalapinus. G. P. 
 
 Jalap Soap. 
 The G. P. gives the following formula for Jalap Soap or Jalapenseife : 
 
 Resin of Jalap, 4 parts. 
 
 Medicinal Soap 4 parts. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol 8 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Resin of Jalap and Medicinal Soap in the Diluted Alcohol, 
 and evaporate on a steam-bath, stirring constantly, to 9 parts. 
 
 2908. Sapo Mollis. Br. 
 
 Soft Soap. 
 
 Made with Potash and Olive Oil. In Br. pharmacy it is used in making 
 turpentine liniment. It is of a gelatinous consistence, and is soluble in recti- 
 fied spirit. 
 
 The Sapo h'alinus of the G. P., which is known as Potassa Soap or Soft 
 Soap, is made by adding to solution of Potassa, G. P., 135 parts, heated on 
 a steam-bath, Linseed Oil 100 parts, stirring constantly, and continuing the 
 heat for half an hour ; then adding Alcohol, 25 parts, stirring, and gradually 
 adding Water, 200 parts, and heating until a transparent viscid soap is 
 formed, and continuing the heat until the Alcohol is evaporated, and the 
 finished product weighs 150 parts. This is a soft lubricous mass, and differs 
 from the Soft Soap of the Br. P. in being transparent. 
 
742 SAPOES — SOAPS. 
 
 2909. Sapo Medicatus. G. P. 
 
 Met lit i)i a I Soap. 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs : 
 
 Solution of Soda, G. P., 1 20 parts. 
 
 Lard, 50 parts. 
 
 50 parts. 
 
 12 parts. 
 
 Olive Oil, 
 Alcohol, . 
 
 Water 280 parts. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 25 parts. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 3 parts. 
 
 Heat the solution of Soda by means of a steam-bath, and gradually add 
 the Lard, previously melted, then the Olive Oil ; stir and continue the heat 
 for half an hour; then add the Alcohol, and then 200 parts of Water, grad- 
 ually adding, if necessary, small portions of the solution of Soda until a 
 transparent viscid Soap is formed ; then add a filtered solution of the Chloride 
 and Carbonate of Sodium in 80 parts of Water, and heat and stir until the 
 Soap has wholly separated from the liquid. The separated Soap is afterward 
 washed, expressed, and cut into cakes, and is used as a neutral Medicinal 
 Soap. 
 
 2910. Sapo Viridis. U. S. 
 
 Green Soap, 
 
 Soap prepared from Potassa and Fixed Oils. This is a Soft Soap, called 
 in the G. P. Sapo Kalimcs Venalis. It is prepared from various Oils, which 
 contain but little stearin, by boiling with solution of Potassa. 
 
 It is used in pharmacy in making Tincture of Green Soap, and medicinally 
 in skin diseases. 
 
 Other Soaps. 
 
 The foregoing are all the Soaps official in the leading phar- 
 macopoeias, but a large variety of other Soaps are used in 
 pharmacy and the toilet, the more important medicinal soaps 
 being here mentioned. 
 
 2911. Yellow Soap. — This is the common Laundry Soap, made from 
 tallow, resin and lard, with Soda, the same as curd soap. 
 
 2912. Marine Soap, or Salt- Water Soap. — This is a Coconut Oil Soap, 
 made with Soda, and containing an excess of alkali. It is used for washing 
 in salt water and for making toilet soaps. It is known also as Coconut Soap. 
 
 2913. Palm Soap.— This is a yellow soap, made with Palm Oil and Soda, 
 considerably used for mixing in making toilet soaps. 
 
SAPOES — SOAPS. 743 
 
 2914. Naples Soft Soap is made from Fish Oil mixed with Olive Oil with 
 Potash alkali. Fig Soft Soap is made with Olive and other Oils and Potash. 
 
 2915. Whale Oil Soap is made with common Whale Oil and Potash. 
 It is also called Black Soap, and is used chiefly for washing plants to remove 
 insects. 
 
 The foregoing are used as bases and for combining to make other soaps. 
 A few medicinal soaps have some sale and use, especially Carbolic, Sulphur, 
 and Tar Soaps. 
 
 2916. Arsenical Soap. — Carbonate of Potassium 6 ounces, Arsenic, White 
 Soap, each 2 ounces, Powdered Camphor 3 drachms, Water sufficient to 
 make a stiff paste. This is used for preserving the skins of birds and small 
 animals. 
 
 2917. Antimonial Soap.— Golden Sulphuret of Antimony 2 drachms, 
 Solution of Caustic Potassium 6 drachms. Dissolve the salt in the solution, 
 and mix thoroughly with Castile Soap, in powder, 1%. ounce. 
 
 2918. Camphorated Soap.— This Soap is usually prepared by incorpo- 
 rating from 2 to 5 per cent, of Camphor with Curd Transparent Soap. The 
 Camphor is dissolved in as little Alcohol as possible, and added to the melted 
 Curd or Transparent Soap, the Alcohol evaporating and leaving the Camphor 
 mixed with the Soap. It may also be mixed by melting powdered Camphor 
 with Soap. 
 
 2919. Carbolic Soap. — This popular Soap maybe made for toilet pur- 
 poses by incorporating 2 to 3 per cent, of Carbolic Acid by melting with Curd 
 or Castile Soap. For medicinal and surgical use it is usually made about 5 
 per cent, by incorporating with White Castile Soap. For veterinary use and 
 as a wash for dogs and other animals to remove vermin, it is generally made 
 with 10 per cent, of Crude Carbolic Acid, mixed with any kind of cheap 
 hard soap. 
 
 2920. Chlorinated Soap.— Powdered Castile Soap 11 ounces, dry Chlo- 
 rinated Lime 1 ounce. Mix them together and make into a mass with Alco- 
 hol, in which some perfume has been dissolved. This is used as a detergent 
 and antiseptic in hospital practice. 
 
 2921. Cod Liver Oil Soap.— This may be made with Cod Liver Oil 2 
 ounces, Caustic Soda 2 drachms, Water 5 fl. drachms. 1 drachm of Iodide of 
 Potassium may be added to this ; making a valuable Soap for scrofulous and 
 syphilitic sores. It is also given internally. 
 
 2922. Croton Oil Soap. — Croton Oil and Solution of Potassa, equal 
 parts, triturated together in a warm mortar until they combine. This is 
 given as a cathartic, in doses of 1 to 3 grains, and is much less irritating than 
 the oil taken alone. 
 
 2923. Glycerin Soap.— For medicinal use any good toilet, transparent, 
 or Curd Soap may be made by melting with a very little water, and mixing 
 
744 SAPOES — SOAPS. 
 
 thoroughly with from 3 to 5 per cent, of Glycerin. It may be perfumed as 
 desired. The following formula may be used if desired to make the Soap 
 from crude materials : 40 pounds of Tallow, 40 pounds of Lard, and 20 
 pounds of Coconut Oil are saponified with 45 pounds of Soda Lye and 5 
 pounds of Potash Lye of 40 Baume ; to the saponified mass 6 pounds of 
 Glycerin, l / 2 ounce Oil of Portugal, yi ounce Oil of Bergamot, 5 ounces Oil of 
 Bitter Almond, and 3 ounces Oil of Vitivert are added. 
 
 2924. Iodine Soap. — This may be made by melting Castile Soap, 1 
 pound, and adding while melted 1 ounce of Iodide of Potassium, dissolved 
 in 3 ounces of Water. It is used for scrofulous and syphilitic sores. 
 
 2925. Juniper Tar Soap. — This Soap may be prepared by saponifying 
 Juniper Tar 1 part, mixed with Tallow 4 parts, with a solution of Caustic 
 Soda, in the same manner as is directed for making Curd Soap. Other Tar 
 Soaps may be made in the same general manner, care being used not to have 
 them contain an excess of alkali. The Tar Soaps are highly esteemed in skin 
 diseases. 
 
 2926. Mercurial Soap. — This is made by saponifying Nitrate of Mercury 
 Ointment with a solution of Caustic Soda. It is employed for some skin 
 diseases. 
 
 White Precipitate Soap may be made by incorporating 1 drachm of White 
 Precipitate with 6 ounces of Curd or other White Soap. 
 
 Red Precipitate Soap may be made with double the quantity of Red Pre- 
 cipitate, as directed above. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate Soap may be prepared with Castile Soap, in powder, 
 4 ounces, Corrosive Sublimate, in fine powder, 60 grains, Alcohol 1 fl. ounce, 
 all well beaten together. 
 
 2927. Sulphur Soap. — This Soap may be prepared by incorporating 5 per 
 cent, of Precipitated Sulphur (see Sulphur) with Curd Soap while making. 
 
 Alum-Sulphur Soap may be made by using 1 per cent, of Alum and 5 per 
 cent, of Sulphur in the same manner. Sulphur Soap is a popular remedy for 
 skin diseases. 
 
 2928. Transparent Soap. — By cutting dry Curd, Castile or other varieties 
 of Soap in fine shavings, and dissolving in an equal weight, or as little as 
 possible, of Alcohol, and after standing for some time until all is dissolved 
 that will, then pouring off the clear portion and casting in moulds, and drying. 
 No more spirit than is necessary should be used. It may be perfumed as 
 desired. 
 
 2929. Turpentine Soap.— This may be made by mixing Carbonate of 
 Potassium, Oil of Turpentine and Venice Turpentine, equal parts, in a warm 
 mortar, adding a little water until they are combined. This is a stimulating 
 soap for washing indolent ulcers, etc. 
 
 The foregoing Soaps include nearly all that are used to any extent medic- 
 inally. Other Soaps will be found among the toilet preparations. 
 
SELENIUM. SILICON. 745 
 
 SELENIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Se. ; Atomic weight, 78.8. 
 
 Selenium is a rare elementary substance discovered in 1817, 
 by Berzelius, in the refuse of the manufacture of sulphuric 
 acid from pyrites of Fahlun in Sweden. Like sulphur it 
 assumes three allotropic forms — amorphous, vitreous, and 
 crystalline. It combines with oxygen and with hydrogen and 
 some other elements, but its compounds are not used in 
 pharmacy. 
 
 2930. Selenic Acid — H 2 Se0 4 . — This is prepared by fusing Selenium 
 with Nitrate of Potassium or Sodium, treating the fused mass with Water, 
 precipitating the solution thus made with Nitrate of Lead, and then decom- 
 posing the precipitated Selenate of Lead with Sulphuretted Hydrogen, and 
 separating the liquid, which is Selenic Acid, from the precipitate. This Acid 
 unites with bases forming Selenates. 
 
 2931. Selenous Acid — H 2 Se0 3 . — This may be made by heating the 
 foregoing rapidly. 
 
 SILICON. 
 
 Symbol, Si ; Atomic weight, 28. 
 
 Silicon is an element classed chemically with Carbon and 
 Boron, and like them is found in three allotropic states — amor- 
 phous, crystalline, and graphitoidal. It is found abundantly 
 in nature combined with earths, and in the form of sand, 
 flint, quartz, etc., as an anhydride (silica), which is its only 
 oxide. 
 
 2932. Silica — Si() 2 . — This may be obtained most conveniently by de- 
 composing the solution of Silicate of Sodium (1919) with Hydrochloric Acid, 
 washing and drying the precipitate. It is a tine white powder, insoluble in 
 all acids except hydrofluoric. It is an anhydride, but more frequently called 
 Silicic Acid. It is soluble in strong alkali solutions by the aid of heat, form- 
 ing salts called Silicates, as Silicate of Sodium, Silicate of Potassium, etc. 
 
 In the crystalline form Silica is found in agate, amethyst, calcedony, corne- 
 lian, onyx, etc., colored variously by admixture with other substances. In the 
 form of sand and quartz, Silica is extensively employed in the manufacture 
 of glass, being fused with soda ash or other alkali. 
 
746 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Na. ; Atomic weight, 23 ; sp. gr., 0.972. 
 
 Sodium is one of the Alkali metals, having the same general 
 characteristics as potassium. It is silver-white, soft, fuses at 
 194 F., is volatilized at a red heat and oxidizes rapidly in con- 
 tact with the air, having to be preserved in some hydro-carbon, 
 as mineral naphtha. Thrown upon water it decomposes it 
 with great violence but without flame, differing in this respect 
 from potassium. 
 
 It is prepared in the same manner as potassium (which see), 
 and is the basis of the Sodium salts, combining with all acids 
 and negative elements to form them. The salts of Sodium 
 are all white, crystallizable, readily soluble, and are of great 
 importance in the arts and in medicine. 
 
 The following are the salts of Sodium official in the leading 
 pharmacopoeias : 
 
 2 933 Soda, U. S. Soda Caustica. Br. 
 
 Soda — Hydrate of Sodium — Caustic Soda. 
 
 NaHO. 
 
 Caustic Soda as it is termed in trade is an article of great 
 commercial importance, and is extensively used in the arts 
 and industries of the world. It is prepared of several degrees 
 of strength for manufacturing purposes, being from 60 to 98 
 per cent, pure, and is furnished in drums or smaller packages, 
 either in a solid mass, granulated, or in powder. For medici- 
 nal use it is usually prepared by evaporating the solution of 
 Soda, and casting in sticks in the same manner as is directed 
 for making Potassa (which see). 
 
 Uses. — Caustic Soda is extensively employed for making 
 soap and many other articles of commercial importance. In 
 pharmacy it is used for making Solution of Soda, and for other 
 purposes. In medicine it is used as a caustic and given in 
 solution greatly diluted. 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 747 
 
 2934. Soda Tartarata. Br. 
 
 Tartarated Soda — RocJielle Salt. 
 NaKC 4 H 4 6 . 4 H 2 0. 
 This is the British title for Potassii et Sodii Tartras, U. S., 
 or Rochelle Salt, the process for making it being given under 
 the U. S. title, which see (2424). 
 
 2935. Sodii Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Sodium — Natrium Aceticum. 
 NaC 2 H 3 2 .3H 2 0. 
 
 This salt may be prepared by neutralizing Acetic Acid with 
 Carbonate of Sodium, filtering the solution, concentrating by 
 evaporation, and crystallizing. By continuing the evapora- 
 tion, with stirring, it may be obtained granulated, in which 
 form it is more convenient for pharmaceutical use. 
 
 Uses. — Acetate of Sodium is used in pharmacy for making 
 many other salts by double decomposition, and in medicine is 
 much esteemed as a diuretic. The dose is from 20 to 60 
 grains. 
 
 2936. Sodii Arsenias. 
 
 Arseniate of Sodium. 
 The formula and process for making this salt will be found 
 on page 178, which see. 
 
 2937. Sodii Benzoas. 
 
 Benzoate of Sodium — Natrium Bcnzoicum. 
 
 NaC 7 H 5 2 .H 2 0. 
 
 This salt may be prepared by adding Benzoic Acid to a hot 
 
 concentrated solution of pure Carbonate of Sodium as long 
 
 as effervescense occurs, then evaporating to dryness and 
 
 granulating by stirring, or by crystallizing from the solution. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used in the treatment of rheumatism, 
 and some kidney diseases. Also in septic diseases in doses of 
 20 to 60 drains. 
 
748 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 2938. Sodii Bicarbonas. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium — Natrium Bicarbonicum — 
 " Baking Soda." 
 
 NaHC0 3 . 
 Commercial Bicarbonate of Sodium is prepared by saturat- 
 ing Carbonate of Sodium with Carbonic Acid gas. As thus 
 prepared it contains some impurities which are not desirable 
 for medicinal use, the U. S. P. directing that the official salt 
 shall contain 99 per cent, of Bicarbonate of Sodium. This 
 may be made from the commercial salt by percolating 2 
 pounds av. with three pints of water, which dissolves out the 
 impurities; the residue left in the percolator is then dried on 
 blotting paper. For most purposes, however, the commercial 
 salt is employed. 
 
 Uses. — Bicarbonate of Sodium is used for making many 
 pharmaceutical preparations, and in medicine as an Anti-acid. 
 In making aerated waters it is a convenient source of Carbonic 
 Acid gas, which is liberated when it is decomposed. 
 
 2939. Sodii Bisulphis. 
 
 Bisulphite of Sodium. 
 NaHS0 3 . 
 The salt is prepared by passing Sulphurous Acid gas into a 
 solution of Carbonate of Sodium until saturated, then evapor- 
 ating and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — In the arts this salt is extensively used for treating 
 fabrics after bleaching with chlorine to neutralize excess. In 
 medicine it is used as an antiseptic and antiferment in doses 
 of 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 2940. Sodii Boras. 
 
 Borax — Borate or Bi-borate of Sodium. 
 This salt is described on page 199, which see. 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 749 
 
 2941. Sodii Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Sodium. 
 NaBr. 
 
 This salt may be prepared according to the Br. P. in the 
 same manner as is directed for making Bromide of Potassium, 
 only using Solution of Soda instead of Solution of Potash, and 
 being crystallized from warm solutions. It may also be pre- 
 pared by decomposing Ferrous Bromide with Sodium Carbon- 
 ate, Carbonate of Iron precipitating, and leaving Bromide of 
 Sodium in solution which may be obtained by evaporating 
 and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used for the same purposes as Bromide 
 of Potassium, but is thought to be less irritating to the 
 stomach. The dose is 30 to 60 grains. 
 
 2942. Sodii Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium. 
 Na 2 C0 3 .ioH 2 0. 
 
 Soda Ash is an impure Carbonate of Sodium prepared by 
 first converting common salt into Sodium Sulphate by treating 
 with Sulphuric Acid, and then by heating the Sodium Sulphate 
 with Calcium Carbonate (Limestone) and fine coal, which de- 
 composes the Sulphate of Sodium, forming insoluble Sulphate 
 of Calcium and soluble Sodium . Carbonate, which is dissolved 
 out, evaporated to dryness and further carbonated by calcin- 
 ing with one-fourth its weight of sawdust. This mass is then 
 redissolved in water and the solution evaporated to dryness, 
 which forms the Soda Ash of Commerce, an article of great 
 commercial importance in the manufacture of paper, glass, etc. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium is prepared from Soda Ash by lixivation 
 and crystallization, Soda Ash containing about 50 per cent, of 
 commercial Carbonate of Sodium. It is also prepared by the 
 Ammonia process, and by the Cryolite process, the resultant 
 product being the same. 
 
 Uses. — It is extensively employed in the industrial arts, and 
 is the source of mosl of the sodium salts. It is seldom given 
 in medicine except in combination. The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 
 
750 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 2943. Sodii Carbonas Exsiccatus. 
 
 Dried Carbonate of Sodium. 
 
 This is prepared by breaking the salt into small fragments 
 and allowing it to effloresce by exposure to warm air for seve- 
 ral days, then heating it to 45 C. ( 1 1 3 F.) until it has been 
 converted into a white powder weighing only one half as much 
 as the quantity taken, it is then passed through a fine sieve. 
 The Br. P. directs 8 ounces of Carbonate of Sodium in crystals 
 to be dried until vapors cease to be evolved, leaving a residue 
 of about 3 ounces, entirely deprived of water, Na 3 C0 3 . 
 
 Uses. — This is better for some uses in pharmacy than the 
 crystallized salt, as its water of crystallization is driven off. 
 It is used for making into pills and powders. The dose is 5 
 to 10 grains. 
 
 2944. Sodii Chloras. U. S. 
 
 Chlorate of Sodium. 
 NaC10 3 . 
 
 This salt may be prepared by decomposition between Acid 
 Sodium Tartrate in solution, and Chlorate of Potassium in 
 solution. Acid Potassium Tartrate is precipitated and Chlor- 
 ate of Sodium remains in solution. The filtered solution is 
 evaporated and crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — This may be used for the same purpose as Chlorate 
 of Potassium, and is preferable for solutions, being more 
 soluble. The dose is 10 to 20 grains. 
 
 2945. Sodii Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium — Salt. 
 
 NaCl. 
 
 This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed of 
 
 natural salts. It is found in beds and mines as rock salt, and 
 
 in solution in sea-water and salt springs and wells obtained by 
 
 drilling, from which it is separated in crystalline form by 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 751 
 
 evaporation. It is extensively used for various industrial 
 purposes and as a seasoning and preservative of food. In 
 pharmacy it is employed as a source of Chlorine, and in medi- 
 cine is used as a styptic and for some other purposes. 
 
 2946. Sodii Citro-Tartras Effervescense. Br. 
 
 Effervescing Citro -Tartrate of Sodium. 
 This is made according to the Br. formula as follows : 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, ... 17 ounces or parts. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, in powder, . . 9 ounces or parts. 
 
 Citric Acid, in powder, ... 6 ounces or parts. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder, . . 5 ounces or parts. 
 
 Mix the powders thoroughly, place them in a dish or pan of 
 suitable form heated to between 200 and 220 F., and when 
 the particles of the powder begin to aggregate, stir them 
 assiduously until they assume a granular form ; then, by 
 means of suitable sieves, separate the granules of uniform and 
 most convenient size and preserve in well stopped bottles. 
 
 Uses. — This is an effervescing salt when added to water, and 
 is used as a refrigerant. It is given 60 to 120 grains in part 
 of a glass of water. 
 
 2947. Sodii Hypophosphis. 
 
 HypopJiospJiitc of Sodium. 
 
 NaH 2 P0 2 .H s O. 
 
 This salt may be most conveniently prepared by adding 
 Carbonate of Sodium to solution of Hypophosphite of Cal- 
 cium as long as a precipitate of Carbonate of Calcium is formed, 
 then filtering and evaporating to dryness by heat of a steam- 
 bath, stirring constantly to granulate the salt. 
 
 Uses. — This is similar in medicinal properties to other 
 hypophosphites, and is much used in making syrups and solu- 
 tions of Hypophosphites Compound, the dose being 5 to 10 
 grains. 
 
752 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 2948. Sodii Hyposulphis. 
 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium. 
 Na 2 S 2 3 .5H 2 0. 
 
 This salt is prepared from alkali waste by decomposing its 
 Soluble Thiosulphate of Calcium, with Sulphate or Carbonate 
 of Sodium. 
 
 Uses. — It is a cheap sodium salt used for tanning, paper- 
 making, etc., and by photographers, and in other arts. In 
 medicine it is employed as an alterative and resolvent, in doses 
 of 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 2949. Sodii Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Sodium. 
 
 Nal. 
 
 This may be made in exactly the same manner as Iodide of 
 Potassium, except the Solution of Soda must be used instead 
 of Solution of Potassa. It may also be made by decomposing 
 a solution of Ferrous Iodide with Carbonate of Sodium, the 
 solution being filtered, evaporated and crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — Its uses are similar to Iodide of Potassium, the dose 
 being 5 to 15 grains or more. 
 
 2950. Sodii Nitras. 
 
 Nitrate of Sodium — Natrium Nitricum. 
 
 NaN0 3 . 
 
 This is a native salt obtained from Chili and Peru and quite 
 extensively sold as Chili Saltpetre. Being the cheapest source 
 of nitrates it is extensively used for making Nitric Acid and 
 some other preparations. 
 
 Uses.— Its uses are similar in medicine to Nitrate of 
 Potassium, but it is not considered so effective. The dose is 
 10 to 20 grains. 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 753 
 
 2951. Sodii Phosphas. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium — Natrium Phosphor icum. 
 Na 2 HP0 4 .i2H 2 0. 
 This may be prepared by adding a solution of Carbonate of 
 Sodium to a solution of Acid Phosphate of Calcium prepared 
 from a mixture of Bone-Ash and Sulphuric Acid. The follow- 
 ing working formula shows the preparation of the Acid Phos- 
 phate, and also of the Sodium Salt. The Acid Phosphate is 
 first prepared and then the Sodium Salt : 
 
 Bone-Ash, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, \ 
 
 yj j each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the powder with the Sulphuric Acid in an earthen 
 vessel, and add 1 pint of water. Stir thoroughly and allow to 
 stand three days heated moderately, with occasional stirring 
 and addition of water to make up for evaporation ; then add a 
 pint of boiling water, pour the mixture on a muslin strainer 
 and gradually add more boiling water until the liquid passes 
 nearly tasteless. Mix the liquids obtained and set aside to 
 settle, then pour off the clear portion and evaporate to a pint. 
 
 This is a solution of Acid Calcium Phosphate, containing 
 some Sulphate of Calcium, which is mostly precipitated upon 
 cooling. Let cool, pour off the liquid from the deposited salt, 
 and heat the liquid again in a porcelain vessel ; to this add 
 gradually a concentrated solution of Carbonate of Sodium so 
 long as effervescense ensues, then filter and set aside to 
 crystallize, the crystals being Phosphate of Sodium, and the 
 Neutral Phosphate of Ca/cium is precipitated as a white powder. 
 
 Uses. Phosphate of Sodium is considerably used in phar- 
 macy to prepare other phosphates, by double decomposition, 
 and is given as a cathartic in doses of % to ] ounce. The 
 Acid Phosphate of Calcium in solution as above prepared 
 when diluted is the basis of the Acid Phosphates. 
 
 Liquor Acidi Phosphorici Compositum may be made by taking 
 of this solution 1 pint, Water 2 pints, Phosphate of Sodium 
 2 ounces av., Carbonate of Magnesium ' unce av., Phos- 
 
754 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 phate of Iron (scale salt) I ounce av., dissolving and filtering. 
 If wanted without Iron the Iron Salt may be omitted. This 
 is used as a nerve tonic, and for making syrup for soda water, 
 I ounce being added to a pint of syrup. 
 
 2952. Sodii Pyrophosphas. U. S. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Sodium. 
 Na 4 P 3 7 .ioH 3 0. 
 
 This is prepared by heating Phosphate of Sodium in a suit- 
 able vessel to redness. It first melts, losing its water of 
 crystallization by evaporation, only 40 per cent, of the salt 
 remaining. The heat is then increased to 300 C. (572 F.), at 
 which temperature it is converted into tribasic phosphate, 
 or Pyrophosphate. This residue is then dissolved in water, 
 the solution filtered, and the salt crystallized, making Pyro- 
 phosphate of Sodium. 
 
 Uses. — This is used in making Pyrophosphate of Iron, but 
 is not employed in medicine. 
 
 2953. Sodii Salicylas. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium. 
 2NaC 7 H g 3 .H 2 0. 
 
 This is most conveniently prepared from Salicylic Acid by 
 mixing 100 parts with water to form a paste; then adding 104 
 parts of pure crystallized Carbonate of Sodium reduced to a 
 moderately fine powder. The reaction proceeds with efferves- 
 cense caused by escaping Carbonic Acid gas. The solution is 
 then strained, heated in a porcelain capsule until all gas is 
 expelled, made neutral by the addition of either Salicylic 
 Acid or Carbonate of Sodium, and evaporated at a low heat 
 to dryness. 
 
 The method of preparing this from phenol is described 
 under Salicylic Acid, which see. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is much used as a remedy for rheumatism 
 and neuralgia, in doses of 15 to 30 grains, and in pharmacy for 
 making other Salicylates. 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. J55 
 
 2954. Sodii Santoninas. 
 
 Santoninate of Sodium. 
 2NaC 15 H 19 4 . 7 H 3 0. 
 
 This may be prepared by adding to 4 fl. ounces of solution 
 of Soda 1 fl. ounce of Water and mixing with the solution 1 
 ounce av. of Santonin, heating and stirring until the salt is 
 dissolved, then filtering and setting aside to crystallize. More 
 crystals may be obtained by further concentration and crystal- 
 lization. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is sometimes used instead of Santonin as 
 an anthelmintic, being more soluble, but it possesses no 
 advantage over it. The dose is I to 3 grains. 
 
 2955. Sodii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium — Glauber s Salt. 
 Na 2 S0 4 .ioH 2 0. 
 
 This salt is more familiarly known as Glauber's Salt, and is 
 obtained most altogether as a by-product of the manufacture 
 of other chemicals. It may be readily made by adding Sul- 
 phuric Acid to a solution of Carbonate of Sodium until it is 
 neutralized, evaporating and crystallizing. 
 
 Uses.— It is used in making other preparations and as a 
 " physic " for horses and cattle. It is also preferred by some 
 to Epsom Salts as a cathartic in doses of half to one ounce. 
 
 2956. Sodii Sulphis. 
 
 Sulphite of Sodium. 
 Na 2 S0 3 .7H 3 0. 
 This may be most conveniently prepared by passing Sul- 
 phurous Acid gas through a concentrated solution of Carbon- 
 ate of Sodium until it is completely saturated and Acid 
 Sodium Sulphite is formed. To this an equal weight of Car- 
 bonate of Sodium is then added, making a solution of the 
 neutral Sulphite of Sodium, which when evaporated with con- 
 stant stirring to dryness yield Sulphite of Sodium as a granu- 
 
756 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 
 
 lar salt, which is preferred for medicinal use. A crystallized 
 salt is also obtained by crystallizing from the solution. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used in the preparation of some phar- 
 maceuticals, and in solution as an anti-ferment. It is also 
 given in doses of from 10 to 30 grains. 
 
 2 957- Sodii Sulphocarbolas. 
 
 Sulphocarbolate of Sodium. 
 NaC 6 H 5 S0 4 .2H 2 0. 
 
 This may be prepared by mixing equal parts by weight of 
 C. P. Sulphuric Acid and pure Carbolic Acid. The mixture 
 must then be heated to a temperature of 55° C. (155 F.) for 
 several days, and after that 20 parts of water added. Two 
 parts of Carbonate of Barium are then mixed, a little at a 
 time, with the solution to remove excess of Acid. The solu- 
 tion is then filtered and the Sulphocarbolate of Barium re- 
 maining in solution is decomposed by adding Carbonate of 
 Sodium as long as a precipitate is formed. The liquid is then 
 filtered, concentrated and crystallized. 
 
 Uses. — This is given as an antiferment in doses of 10 to 20 
 grains, and is used in cleansing injections. Also for making 
 some preparations. 
 
 2958. Sodii Valerianas. Br. 
 
 Valerianate of Sodium. 
 NaC 5 N 9 2 . 
 The Br. P. directs this to be made as follows : 
 
 Amylic Alcohol (Fusel Oil), ... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Bichromate of Potassium 9 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid G 1 /? fl. ounces. 
 
 Solution of Soda, a sufficiency. 
 
 Water, 72 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dilute the Sulphuric Acid with 10 fl. ounces of the Water, 
 and dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in the remainder of 
 the Water with the aid of heat. When both liquids are cold 
 mix them with the Amylic Alcohol in a retort or flask, with 
 
SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 757 
 
 occasional brisk agitation, until the temperature of the mixture 
 has fallen to about 90 F. (32°2C). Connect with a condenser 
 and distill until about 5 pints of liquid have passed. Saturate 
 the distilled liquid accurately with the solution of Soda, 
 remove any oily fluid that floats on the surface, evaporate till 
 watery vapor ceases to escape, then raise the heats cautiously 
 so as to liquefy the salt. When cold put at once into stoppered 
 bottles. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used for making Valerianate of Zinc and 
 other valerianates, and is given as a nervine in doses of 1 to 5 
 grains. 
 
 Other Sodium Salts. 
 
 The foregoing are all the salts of Sodium official in the 
 leading pharmacopoeias, but some other salts are known and 
 have their uses in pharmacy and medicine. The following 
 are the most important : 
 
 2959. Carbolate of Sodium— NaC 6 H 5 0. — Made by adding metallic 
 Sodium to Carbolic Acid and allowing the solution to crystallize. 
 
 2960. Citrate of Sodium.— By saturating a solution of Citric Acid with 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
 
 2961. Ethylate of Sodium. — This salt may be prepared the same as 
 Ethylate of Potassium by heating together Acetate of Ethyl and Metallic 
 Sodium. It is used as a caustic. 
 
 2962. Lactate of Sodium.— This may be made by diluting Lactic Acid 
 with 3 parts of Water and saturating, while boiling, with Bicarbonate of 
 Sodium, then evaporating. 
 
 2963. Nitrate of Sodium— NaN0 2 . — This salt may be prepared by heat- 
 ing together in a crucible 7 parts of Nitrate of Sodium and 1 part of Starch, 
 dissolving the residue in Water and evaporating. 
 
 2964. Silicate of Sodium— Na g 9i0 8 . — By mixing 1 part of Silica with 2 
 parts of dried Carbonate of Sodium, and fusing in an earthenware crucible, 
 and dissolving the mass, when cool and in powder, in water, then filtering, 
 concentrating and • crystallizing. The solution of this salt is known as 
 Water-Glass. (See 1919.) 
 
 2965. Tartrate of Sodium— Na 2 C 4 H.,O .2H 2 O. — By dissolving 12 parts 
 of Tartaric Acid and 1 5 pans Bicarbonate of Sodium, each separately in suf- 
 ficient Water, mixing the solutions, filtering, concentrating and crystallizing. 
 
 Some other Salts of Sodium are used for various purposes, as, Aluminiate 
 of Sodium, and Stannate of Sodium as mordants for dyeing, and many 
 double Salts of Sodium are known but are little used in pharmacy. 
 
758 SPECIES — TEAS. 
 
 SPECIES — TEAS. 
 
 Under this heading the German and some other pharma- 
 copoeias direct a variety of mixtures of cut drugs, such as 
 herbs, flowers, barks, roots, woods, leaves, etc., which are 
 designed to be steeped in Water, and the liquid given as a 
 drink or used dry as pillows, or moistened as cataplasms, etc. 
 Several similar preparations have been put upon the market 
 as proprietary remedies and have been quite popular. The 
 following are official in the German Pharmacopoeia ; others will 
 be found among The Standard Remedies. 
 
 2966. Species Aromaticae. 
 
 Aromatic Species or Herbs — Gewurzhafte Krduter. 
 
 Peppermint, Wild Thyme, Garden Thyme, Lavender Flowers, each 2 
 ounces or parts, Cloves, Cubebs, each 1 ounce or part. Cut and mix them. 
 This is used dry for filling pillows and scent bags, or may be steeped if 
 desired. 
 
 2967. Species Emollientes. 
 
 Emollient Cataplasm — Eriveichende Krduter. 
 
 Althaea Leaves, Mallow Leaves, Melilot, Matricaria, Flaxseed, each equal 
 parts. This is made into a poultice for pains, sores, swellings, etc. 
 
 2968. Species Laxantes. 
 
 Laxative Tea — St. Germain Tea — Abfiihrender Thee. 
 
 Senna 16 parts, Elder Flowers 10 parts, Fennel 5 parts, Anise 5 parts, 
 Bitartrate of Potassium 4 parts. Moisten the Senna previously cut ; sprinkle 
 it uniformly with the Bitartrate of Potassium and mix. When dry, add the 
 other ingredients and mix them well together. 
 
 2969. Species Lignorum. 
 
 Wood Tea — Hohthee. 
 
 Guaiacum Wood 5 parts, Rest-harrow Root 3 parts, Russian Liquorice 
 Root, Sassafras Wood, each 1 part. Cut them and mix well together. 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 759 
 
 2970. Species Pectorales. 
 
 Pectoral Tea — Brustthee. 
 
 Althaea (Flowers), 8 parts. 
 
 Russian Liquorice Root 3 parts. 
 
 Orris Root, r part. 
 
 Coltsfoot, 4 parts. 
 
 Mullein Flowers, 2 parts, 
 
 Anise , 2 parts. 
 
 Cut and mix them. 
 
 This is the most popular of the teas, being much used by the Germans for 
 colds, influenzas and similar indispositions. A cup of boiling water is poured 
 upon a tablespoonful of the tea and the infusion drank while warm, 
 
 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 As understood in Pharmacy, Spirits are solutions of volatile 
 substances in alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic liquids made by dis- 
 tillation. They include solutions of volatile oils, ethers, gases 
 and other substances. Commercially, spirits are understood 
 to be alcohol, or alcoholic liquids, made by distillation and 
 known as Liquors, or Spiritous Liquors. 
 
 Many liquids are familiarly known as " Spirits " that are 
 classed in pharmacy under other headings, and many of the 
 liquids included among the Spirits, in pharmacy, are familiarly 
 known as essences, extracts, etc. 
 
 The following are the Spirits official in the leading pharma- 
 copoeias : 
 
 2971. Spiritus ^Etheris. 
 
 Spirit of Ether. 
 
 The U. S. preparation is made by mixing 
 
 Stronger Ether, .... 30 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
 Alcohol 70 parts or <S '_. fl. ounces. 
 
 The Br. preparation is : 
 
 Ether, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rectified Spirit JO fl. ounces. 
 
?6<> SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs : 
 
 Ether, by weight, I part. 
 
 Alcohol, by weight, 3 parts. 
 
 and is familiarly known as " Hoffmann's Tropfen," although it 
 differs from the U. S. preparation by this name. 
 
 It is used as an anodyne in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2972. Spiritus ^theris Compositus. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Ether — Hoffmann s Anodyne. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Stronger Ether, .... 30 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 67 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Etherial Oil, 3 parts or 150 minims. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The Br. formula amounts to the same, the Etherial Oil being 
 directed to be made in the formula as it is not official in the 
 Br. P. 
 
 This is used as an anodyne and hypnotic, being generally 
 called for as Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
 
 The dose is from 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2 973- Spiritus Athens Nitrosi. 
 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre — Spirit of Nitrous EtJier. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Nitric Acid, 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts or 7 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, . . I 
 
 -rv 4--H j \\i «. f each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Distilled Water, \ H y 
 
 Add the Sulphuric Acid gradually to 31 parts or 36 fl. ounces 
 of Alcohol. When the mixture has cooled transfer it to a 
 tubulated retort connected with a well-cooled condenser, to 
 which a receiver, surrounded by broken ice, is connected air- 
 tight, and which is further connected, by means of a glass 
 tube, with a small vial containing water, the end of the tube 
 dipping into the latter. Now add the Nitric Acid to the con- 
 tents of the retort, and, having introduced a thermometer 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 761 
 
 through the tubulature, heat rapidly, by means of a water- 
 bath, until strong reaction occurs and the temperature reaches 
 8o° C. (176 F.). Continue the distillation at that temperature, 
 and not exceeding 82 C. (1S0 F.), until the reaction ceases. 
 Disconnect the receiver and immediately pour the distillate 
 into a flask containing 16 parts, or 1 pint of ice-cold distilled 
 water. Close the flask and agitate the contents repeatedly, 
 keeping down the temperature by immersing the flask occa- 
 sionally in ice-water. Then separate the etherial layer and 
 mix it immediately with nineteen times its weight of Alcohol. 
 
 The processes and formulas of the Br., German and other 
 pharmacopoeias differ considerably from the foregoing, but 
 the resultant preparation is about the same. 
 
 The liquid separated from the surface of the water before 
 mixing with Alcohol is Nitrous Ether, which has lately had a 
 large sale as concentrated Nitrous Ether, used for making Spirit 
 of Nitre, by mixing with 19 parts of Alcohol. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Nitrous Ether is much used as a diuretic 
 and diaphoretic combined with other remedies. The dose is 
 from 20 drops to a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 2974. Spiritus Ammoniae. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, .... 8 fl. ounces. 
 Alcohol, recently distilled, and which 
 has been kept in glass, a quantity 
 
 sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Pour the Stronger Water of Ammonia into a flask connected 
 with a well-cooled receiver into which a pint of Alcohol has 
 been introduced. Heat the flask carefully and very gradually 
 to a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), and maintain 
 it at that temperature for about 10 minutes; then disconnect 
 the receiver and having ascertained the ammoniacal strength 
 of tin contents, bymeans of the volumetric solution of Oxalic 
 Acid, add enough alcohol to make the product contain 10 per 
 cent, of Ammonia. 
 Uses. — This is used as a stimulant ^\\^\ antiacid, but is not 
 
 known to possess any advantage over Water of Ammonia. 
 
762 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 2 975- Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonium, . 40 parts or 516 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, . . 100 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 12 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 part or 15 minims. 
 
 Oil of Pimenta, 1 part or 15 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, recently distilled, . 700 parts or 24}^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled water to make, . . 1000 parts or 35 fl. ounces. 
 
 To the Water of Ammonia contained in a flask add 140 
 parts, or 4 fl. ounces of distilled water, and afterwards the Car- 
 bonate of Ammonia reduced to a moderately fine powder- 
 close the flask and agitate the contents until the Carbonate is 
 dissolved ; weigh the Alcohol in a tared flask of suitable capac- 
 ity, or pour 400 parts or 24^ fl. ounces in a bottle; add the oils 
 and afterward enough Distilled Water to make the product 
 weigh 1000 parts, or measure 35 fl. ounces; lastly, filter through 
 paper and keep in well-covered bottles. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this to be made by distillation of the oils 
 with rectified Spirit and Water, and then adding the Carbon- 
 ate and Solution of Ammonia. The formula is as follows : 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonium, .... 4 ounces av. 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia, ... 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Volatile Oil of Nutmeg, \y 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 6% fl. drachms. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, sp. 
 
 gr. 0.838, . . 1 153^ fl. ounces or 6 pints, Imp. 
 Water, 57/4 fl. ounces or 3 pints. Imp. 
 
 Place the Oils of Lemon and Nutmeg and Rectified Spirit 
 with the Water in a retort. Distill 7 Imperial pints (134^ 
 fl. ounces), and then distill and separately collect an additional 
 9 fl. ounces. Place the 9 ounces of distillate, together with the 
 Carbonate of Ammonium and the Strong Solution of Ammo- 
 nia, in a bottle holding rather more than a pint (20 fl. ounces). 
 Securely cork the bottle and gently warm it in a water-bath to 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 763 
 
 140 F. (6o° C), shaking it from time to time until all the salt 
 has dissolved. Filter if necessary, when cold, through cotton- 
 wool, and gradually mix with it the 7 pints (134^ fl. ounces) 
 of the Distilled Spirit. The product should measure an 
 Imperial gallon (153^3 American fl. ounces). 
 
 Anisated Spirit of Ammonia is made with Rectified Spirit 
 12 fl.ounces, Oil of Aniseed 3 fl. drachms, Water of Ammonia 
 3 fl.ounces. The Oil is dissolved in the Rectified Spirit and 
 the Ammonia added. 
 
 Uses. — Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia is used as a quick 
 stimulant and diaphoretic in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2976. Spiritus Ammoniae Foetidus. Br. 
 
 Fetid Spirit of Ammonia. 
 
 Asafetida, i^s ounces av. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia, ... 2 fl.ounces. 
 Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
 
 Break the Asafetida into small pieces and macerate it in a 
 closed vessel in 15 fl.ounces of the Spirit for 24 hours; then 
 distill off the Spirit, mix the product with the Solution of 
 Ammonia, and add sufficient Spirit to make 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Uses. — This is given as an antispasmodic and stimulant in 
 doses of 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2977. Spiritus Angelicae Compositus. G. P. 
 
 ('(impound Sfdrit of Angelica. 
 
 This is made by macerating Angelica Root 16 parts. Vale- 
 rian | parts, Juniper Berries 5 parts, cut and bruised, in 
 Alcohol 75 parts, Water [25 parts, for 24 hours, then distilling 
 off IOO partsand dissolving in the distillate Camphor 2 parts. 
 
 Uses. — This is an aromatic stimulant and may be given in 
 doses of !_• to i teaspoonful or more. 
 
764 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 2978. Spiritus Anisi. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Anise. 
 
 Oil of Anise 10 parts or 1 ^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 90 parts or 14% fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 Uses. — This is familiarly known as Essence of Anise, and is 
 considerably used as an addition to carminative mixtures, as 
 an aromatic. The dose is 5 to 20 minims or more. (See 890.) 
 
 2979. Spiritus Armoraciae Compositus. Br. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Horse Radish. 
 
 Horse Radish Root scraped, . . 20 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel cut and bruised, 20 ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg, bruised, Yz ounce av. 
 
 Proof Spirit, 1 53 A. ounces. 
 
 Water, 58 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and distill a gallon. 
 
 This is used as an aromatic stomachic, in doses of 1 to 2 
 fl. drachms. 
 
 2980. Spiritus Aurantii. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Orange. 
 
 Oil of Orange Peel, . . 6 parts or i}£ fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 94 parts or 14^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is used as a flavoring for elixirs, syrups, mixtures, etc. 
 (See 509, 91 5.) 
 
 2981. Spiritus Cajuputi. Br. 
 
 Spirit of Cajnput. 
 
 Oil of Cajuput, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 49 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This is given as a stimulant, etc., in doses of ^ 
 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 765 
 
 2982. Spiritus Camphorae. 
 
 Spirit of Camphor. 
 
 The U. S. formula for this spirit was changed in the 1880 
 pharmacopoeia, the new preparation having proven generally 
 unsatisfactory. The 1870 and 1880 formulas are, therefore, 
 both given, the former being preferred. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Camphor, . . 4^ ounces aw Camphor, . . . 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ... 2 pints. Alcohol, . . . 1b 1 /, fl.ounces. 
 
 _. , , „ . . , . . Water 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor in the Alco- 
 hol and filter through paper. Dissolve the Camphor in the Alco- 
 hol, add the Water and filter through 
 paper. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is : 
 
 Camphor, . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 The G. P. formula is : 
 
 Camphor, 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol, 7 parts. 
 
 Water, 2 parts. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Camphor is used extensively in liniments 
 and other similar preparations in which it is obvious that the 
 addition of Water in the formula is inexpedient. In medicine 
 it is used for pain, swellings, rheumatic affections and in fact 
 for nearly everything both externally and internally. The 
 dose is 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 2983. Spiritus Chloroformi. 
 
 Spirit of Chloroform. 
 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Purified Chloroform, . . 10 parts or 623 grains. 
 Alcohol 90 parts or 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 It may be made with Chloroform 1 fl.ounce, Alcohol 16 
 fl.ounces. 
 
766 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 The Br. formula is : 
 
 Chloroform, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 19 fl. ounces. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Chloroform is often prescribed and dis- 
 pensed as Chloric Ether. It is used externally and internally 
 as an anodyne and relaxative. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2984. Spiritus Cinnamomi. 
 
 Spirit of Cinnamon. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, ... 10 parts or 1^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 90 parts or 14^3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is : 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 49 fl. ounces. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Cinnamon is used as a flavoring ingredient 
 for many preparations, and is given as a quick stimulant in 
 doses of 20 to 60 minims. It is familiarly known as Essence 
 of Cinnamon. (See 897.) 
 
 2985. Spiritus Cochleariae. G. P. 
 
 Spirit of Scurvy Grass. 
 
 Scurvy-Grass 8 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 parts. 
 
 Water, 3 parts. 
 
 Cut the fresh flowering Scurvy-grass, mix it with the Alco- 
 hol and Water, and distill off 4 parts. 
 
 This is similar to but less aromatic than the Br. Spiritus 
 Armoraciae Compositus. The dose is 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 2986. Spiritus Formicarum. G. P. 
 
 Spirit of Formic Acid. 
 
 Alcohol, 70 parts. 
 
 Water, 26 parts. 
 
 Formic Acid, 4 parts. 
 
 Mix them. This is also called Spirit of Ants. 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 767 
 
 2987. Spiritus Frumenti. 
 
 Whisky. 
 This is official in the U. S. P., and is described as an Alco- 
 holic liquid, obtained by the distillation of fermented grain 
 (usually corn, wheat or rye), and at least two years old. 
 Whisky contains about 50 per cent, of Alcohol, its standard 
 proof being 100. The method of preparing it is described 
 under the heading SPIRITOUS LIQUORS. It is a diffusive 
 stimulant. 
 
 2988. Spiritus Gaultheriae. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Gaultheria. 
 
 Oil of Gaultheria (Wintergreen), 3 parts or 165 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 97 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is a weak solution of the oil corresponding with the 
 strength of similar British Spirits. To make Essence of Win- 
 tergreen, 1 ounce of the Oil should be dissolved in 15 fl. ounces 
 of Alcohol. (See 927.) 
 
 2989. Spiritus Juniperi. 
 
 Spirit of Juniper. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Oil of Juniper 3 parts or 224 minims. 
 
 Alcohol 97 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. (See also 90S.) 
 
 The liquor called gin is often prescribed under the name 
 Spiritus Juniperi, but is entirely unlike this preparation. 
 
 The Br. formula directs Oil of Juniper 1 part, Alcohol 49 
 parts. 
 
 The G. P. directs Juniper Berries 4 parts, Alcohol, Water, 
 each 15 parts, allowed to macerate: for 24 hours, and then 20 
 parts to be distilled. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Juniper is used as a stimulating diuretic, 
 and for mixtures. 
 
768 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 2990. Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. U. S. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Juniper. 
 
 Oil of Juniper, .... 10 parts or 27 minims. 
 
 Oil of Caraway, .... 1 part or 3 minims. 
 
 Oil of Fennel, .... 1 part or 3 minims. 
 
 Alcohol 3000 parts or 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficientto make 5000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Water, mix and 
 filter. This is given as a stimulant and diuretic. 
 
 2991. Spiritus Lavandulae. 
 
 Spirit of Lavender. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Oil of Lavender Flowers, . 3 parts or 220 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 97 parts or 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 (See also 909). 
 
 The Br. P. formula directs I fl. ounce of Oil of Lavender to 
 be dissolved in 49 parts of Rectified Spirit. 
 
 The G. P. directs Lavender Flowers, 5 parts to be mace- 
 rated in Alcohol 15 parts, Water 15 parts, for 24 hours, and 
 then 20 parts distilled. 
 
 Uses. — Spirit of Lavender is given as an aromatic stimulant 
 and stomachic in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 2992. Spiritus Limonis. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Lemon. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 6 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Lemon Peel, freshly grated, . 4 parts or ]/ 2 ounce. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 Mix, macerate and filter. 
 
 This is also known as Essence of Lemon or Flavoring Ex- 
 tract of Lemon. It is used for flavoring medicinal prepara- 
 tions, syrups, pastry, etc. (See also 910.) 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 2993. Spiritus Melissae Compositus. G. P. 
 
 Compotind Spirit of Balm. 
 
 Balm Leaves 14 parts, Lemon Peel 12 parts, Nutmeg 6 
 parts, Cinnamon, Cloves, each 3 parts, are bruised and distilled 
 with Water 250 parts, Alcohol 150 parts, recovering of the 
 distillate 200 parts. 
 
 This is a fragrant spirit used for flavoring medicines, etc. 
 
 2994. Spiritus Menthae Piperitae. 
 
 Spirit of Peppermint — Essence of Peppermint. 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, .... 10 parts or \T>/% fl. ounces. 
 Peppermint in coarse powder, 1 part or 60 grains. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 The substances are mixed, macerated and filtered. By add- 
 ing a little Carbonate of Magnesium to the filter a clearer 
 preparation is produced. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 1 fl. ounce of Oil of Peppermint to be 
 dissolved in 49 fl. ounces of Rectified Spirit. 
 
 The G. P. formula is 1 part of Oil of Peppermint dissolved 
 in 9 parts of Alcohol. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint is usually made with Oil of Pepper- 
 mint 1 ounce, Alcohol 15 ounces. (See 918.) 
 
 Uses. — This essence is extensively used as household remedy 
 for flatulence, colic, etc. The dose is 10 to 60 drops. 
 
 2995. Spiritus Menthae Viridis. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Sjuarmint — Essence of Spearmint. 
 
 Oil of Spearmint, .... 10 parts or i/s fl. ounces.. 
 
 armint in coarse powder, 1 part or 60 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 Mix, macerate and filter. (See also 925.) 
 
 Uses. — This is used for similar purposes as Essence oi Pep- 
 permint. 
 
770 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 2996. Spiritus Myrciae. U. S. 
 
 Spirit of Myrcia — Bay Rum. 
 
 Oil of Myrcia, .... 16 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 1 part or 35 minims. 
 
 Oil of Orange Peel, 
 Oil of Pimenta, . 
 Alcohol, . . . 
 Water, .... 
 To make . . . 
 
 1 part or 28 minims. 
 IOOO parts or 78 fl. ounces. 
 782 parts or 49 fl. ounces. 
 1800 parts or 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the Oils with the Alcohol and gradually add the Water 
 to the solution. Set the mixture aside in a well-stopped 
 bottle for 8 days, then filter through paper in a well-wetted 
 funnel. Other formulas for Bay Rum which may be preferred 
 to this will be found among the toilet preparations. 
 
 2997. Spiritus Myristicae. 
 
 Spirit of Nutmeg — Essence of Nutmeg. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg, 3 parts or 220 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 97 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil in the Alcohol. 
 
 The Br. formula is Volatile Oil of Nutmeg 1 fl. ounce, Rec- 
 tified Spirit, 49 fl. ounces. 
 
 This is used as a flavoring for medicinal preparations and 
 pastry. (See 914.) 
 
 2998. Spiritus Odoratus. 
 
 Perfumed Spirit — Cologne Water. 
 
 Oil of Bergamot, ... 16 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, .... 8 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Rosmary, .... 8 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Lavender Flowers, . 4 parts or y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Orange Flowers (Neroli), 4 parts or ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Acetic Ether, .... 2 parts or ^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 800 parts or 106 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 158 parts or 17 fl. ounces. 
 
 To make 1000 parts or 1 gallon. 
 
SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 771 
 
 Dissolve the Oils and the Ether in the Alcohol and add the 
 Water. Set the mixture aside in a well-closed bottle for eight 
 days, then filter through paper in a well-covered funnel. 
 
 Other formulas for Cologne which may be preferred to this 
 will be found among the perfumes and toilet preparations. 
 
 2999. Spiritus Rosmarini. Br. 
 
 Oil of Rosmary, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 49 fi. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve. An aromatic stimulant. Dose 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 3000. Spiritus Saponis. G. P. 
 
 Spirit of Soap. 
 
 Olive Oil, 60 parts. 
 
 Solution of Potassa, G. P., 70 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 300 parts. 
 
 Water, 170 parts. 
 
 Boil the Oil and Solution of Potassa with one-fourth of the 
 Alcohol on a water-bath until the Oil is saponified, and a small 
 portion is found on trial to form a clear mixture with Alcohol 
 and Water. Now replace any Alcohol lost by evaporation, 
 add the remaining three-fourths of the Alcohol and the Water, 
 and filter the liquid when cold. 
 
 3001. Spiritus Sinapis. G. P. 
 
 Spirit of Mustard. 
 
 Volatile Oil of Mustard, 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol, 49 parts. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. A rubefacient and quick stimulant. It 
 is given in doses of 10 to 60 minims. 
 
 3002. Spiritus Vini Gallaci. 
 
 Brandy — ■ French Brandy. 
 
 An Alcoholic liquid obtained by the distillation of fermented 
 grapes, and al leasl four years old. It is I'm ther noticed under 
 the heading Spiri n »US LIQUORS. 
 
 The German- Latin title is Spiritus Vini Cognac. 
 
77*2 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 
 
 Other Spirits. 
 
 Besides the official Spirits named, Alcohol, Diluted Alcohol, 
 Rectified Spirit, and proof Spirit are noted under the heading 
 ALCOHOL. The Alcoolats of French Pharmacy which corre- 
 spond with spirits are noticed pages 94 and 453. Many of the 
 preparations used in perfumes, and also Spiritous Liquors are 
 classed as Spirits. A few only of those most popular in medi- 
 cine, which have not been mentioned, are noticed here. 
 
 3003. Spirit of Bryony Compound. — Bryony 8 ounces, Valerian 2 ounces, 
 Pennyroyal 3 ounces, Rue 3 ounces, Mugwort, Feverfew, Savin, each yi ounce, 
 Orange Peel, Lovage seeds, each 1 ounce, Brandy 10 pints, macerate and distill. 
 
 3004. Spirit Fioravanti. — Swiss Turpentine 5 ounces, Elemi, Tacama- 
 haca, Amber, Liquid Styrax, Galbanum, Myrrh, Bayberries, each 1 ounce, 
 Aloes, Galangal Root, Ginger, Zedoary, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg, Cretum 
 marium leaves, each ]/ 2 ounce, Alcohol 2 pints, macerate 6 days and distill 
 25 fl.ounces. This is also known as Balsam Fioravanti, and is used for 
 bruises, " black and blue " spots, etc. 
 
 3005. Spirit of Mastic Compound. — Mastic, Myrrh, Olibanum, each 1 
 ounce, Rectified Spirit 20 ounces, macerate and distill. This is used as an 
 application for bruises, lameness, etc. 
 
 3006. Spirit of Honey Compound.— Honey 32 parts, Coriander 32 parts, 
 Lemon Peel, fresh, 4 parts, Cloves 3 parts, Nutmeg, Benzoin, Storax, each 2 
 parts, Vanilla 1 part, Rose Water 20 parts, Orange Flower Water 20 parts, 
 Alcohol 200 parts, macerate for 3 days and distill all the spiritous part. This 
 is a fine aromatic for adding to other preparations or the toilet. 
 
 3007. Vulnerary Spirit. — Dried Sage, Wormwood, Fennel Hyssop, Mar- 
 joram, Savory, Thyme, Rosmary, Calamint, Balm, Peppermint, Scordium, 
 Fresh leaves of Angelica, Basil, and Lavender Flowers, each 2 ounces, Proof 
 Spirit 10 pints, digest 14 days and distill over 7 pints. This is a stimulant 
 and vulnerary much used on the Continent as a cordial and cosmetic. 
 
 3008. Spirit Pyoracetic, Acetone. — C 3 H 6 0. This is an inflammable 
 volatile liquid obtained by subjecting Acetate of Lead or other mineral ace- 
 tates to dry distillation. The acetates are first dried to make them anhydrous 
 and then distilled with increased heat until all the volatile portions have 
 passed over. The receiver contains crude acetone, which is purified by vari- 
 ous means. It is also obtained as by-product in the manufacture of Aniline 
 and some other substances. It is a solvent for resins and oils. 
 
 3009. Spirit Pyroxylic — Wood Naphtha— Wood Spirit. — This is 
 another name for Methylic Alcohol, which is obtained from crude Pyroligne- 
 ous Acid by distillation and subsequent treatment. It was once employed 
 considerably in medicine under the name of Hasting 's Wood Naphtha. 
 (See also page 95.) 
 
STANNUM — TIN. 773 
 
 STANNUM- TIN. 
 
 Symbol, Sn ; Atomic weight, 1 1 7.7 ; Sp. gr. 7.30. 
 
 This is a metallic element known since the earliest civiliza- 
 tion. It is found mostly in the form of ore associated with 
 other metals, and is obtained generally by smelting, and cast 
 in bars or made into grain tin. It is white, like silver, harder 
 than lead, very malleable, melts at 442 F., and is volatilized 
 at a white heat. Tin is extensively used in the arts in making 
 tin plate, tin foil, solder, etc. In solution with acids it is used 
 as a mordant for dyeing, and its salts are somewhat used for 
 various purposes. 
 
 It forms important alloys with many other metals, making- 
 bronze, bell metal, solder, pewter, etc. 
 
 In the form of Tin Foil it is used to quite an extent for 
 wrapping packages to keep them from moisture and to protect 
 them, etc. It is also used for making tubes for paints, oint- 
 ments, etc. 
 
 The following are the Salts of Tin most used : 
 
 3010. Chlorides of Tin — Stannous Chloride. Sn CL. — An anhydrous 
 salt is made by distilling together a mixture of Tin and Chloride of Mercury. 
 A hydrated or crystallized salt is made by boiling Tin in excess with Hydro- 
 chloric Acid, the liquid may be poured off and evaporated to a granular salt. 
 
 Stannic Chloride, SnCl 4 . This is made by dissolving grain tin in a mix- 
 ture of 2 measures of Hydrochloric Acid with one measure each of Nitric 
 Acid and Water. The solution evaporated to granulation is known as " Salts 
 of Tin," used for dyeing. Solution of Chloride of Tin (Stannic Chloride) is 
 also much used for dyeing. (See 2042.) This is also known as Spirits of 
 Tin. 
 
 301 1. Hydrates of Tin — Hydrated Oxide of Tin, Sn(HO) 3 .— This is 
 made by precipitating Stannous Chloride with Carbonate of Potassium, and 
 washing the precipitate. Hydrated Peroxide of Tin or Stannic Acid, 
 Sn(HO) 4 is made by adding Carbonate of Potassium to a solution of Stannic 
 Chloride, and washing the precipitate. 
 
 3012. Iodides of Tin — Protiodide of Tin, SnP, — is prepared by heating 
 tin and iodine together. Stannic Iodide Snl, is made by dissolving tin in 
 hydriodic acid and crystallizing. 
 
 3013. Oxides of Tin — Stannous Oxide, SnO, — is made by igniting the 
 Hydrate of Tin in an atmosphere of Carbonic Anhydride. Stannic Oxide is 
 prepared by the action of Nitric Acid on metallic tin and washing the powder 
 
774 STRONTIUM. 
 
 with water. It is also prepared by heating tin above its melting point in the 
 air. It is known as Polisher's Putty, and is used for polishing tin ware and 
 other substances. 
 
 3014. Sulphides of Tin— Stannous Sulphide, SnS— is made by heating 
 tin and sulphur together. Stannic Sulphide SnS 2 , known also as bronze 
 powder, mosaic gold, etc., is made by melting tin 12 ounces, and adding 
 Mercury 6 ounces, allow to cool and add Chloride of Ammonium 6 ounces, 
 Sulphur 7 ounces, and after thoroughly mixing heating in a glass flask by a 
 sand-bath for several hours to redness until white fumes cease to rise. This 
 is used as a substitute for gold in bronzes, varnishes, sealing wax, etc. 
 
 3015. Tin Mordants— A great variety of these are used for dyeing, 
 different combinations being used for different purposes. For Cochineal, a 
 mixture of Nitric Acid and Water, each 2 pounds, Sal Ammoniac 2 ounces, 
 dissolved, and \yi ounces of pure Tin, gradually dissolved in the liquid. For 
 Madder — Nitric Acid 8 parts, Common Salt 1 part, Water 8 parts. Tin 1 
 part. This is the common Tin Spirit used by dyers. Other combinations 
 are used for other purposes. 
 
 STRONTIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Sr. ; Atomic weight, 87.4. 
 
 A metallic element discovered by Sir H. Davy in 1808, and 
 similar in its characteristics to Barium, but having less metallic 
 luster. 
 
 Its salts are chiefly used in pyrotechnics for making red fire, 
 but are not employed in medicine. 
 
 3016. Carbonate of Strontium — SrC0 3 . — This may be prepared by add- 
 ing a solution of Carbonate of Sodium to a solution of Nitrate of Strontium 
 and collecting the precipitate. 
 
 3017. Nitrate of Strontium — Sr2N0 3 . — This is made by saturating 
 Nitric Acid with Carbonate of Strontium, concentrating the solution and 
 crystallizing or stirring while evaporating to granulate. It must be dried by 
 very gentle heat. It is used in making red lire for pyrotechnics and theatrical 
 illuminations. 
 
 3018. Strontium Oxide — SrO. — This is obtained by igniting the Nitrate 
 of Strontium and collecting the residue. 
 
 3019. Strontium Sulphate — SrS0 4 . — This may be made by adding 
 Sulphuric Acid to a solution of Nitrate of Strontium ; Sulphate of Strontium 
 is precipitated. 
 
SUCCI — JUICES. 775 
 
 SUCCI — JUICES. 
 
 The name juice is applied in pharmacy to a variety of very 
 different preparations. No juices as such are now official in the 
 U. S. P., but the Br., French and German Pharmacopoeias 
 recognize several inspissated and liquid juices. Besides the 
 juices that are employed as medicinal agents, the juices of 
 fruits are extensively used in making syrups for Soda Water 
 and other purposes. 
 
 The following are the juices which may be classed as 
 medicinal. 
 
 3020. Succus Belladonnae. Br. 
 
 Juice of Belladonna. 
 Fresh leaves and young- branches of Belladonna, . . 7 pounds av. 
 Rectified Spirit a sufficiency. 
 Bruise the Belladonna in a stone mortar, press out the juice, and to every 
 3 measures of juice add one of the Spirit. Set aside for seven days and filter, 
 keep in a cool place. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 
 
 3021. Succus Conii. Br. 
 
 Juice of Hemlock. 
 Fresh leaves and young branches of Hemlock (Conium), 7 pounds. 
 Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
 
 Make in the same manner as the preceding. The dose is )/ z to 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 3022. Succus Hyoscyami. Br. 
 
 Juice of Henba?ie. 
 Fresh leaves, flowering tops and young branches of Henbane, 7 pounds. 
 Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
 
 Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose yi to 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 3023. Succus Juniperi Inspissatus. G. P. 
 Inspissated Juice of Juniper Berries — Extract of J 101 /per Berries. 
 
 Fresh Juniper Berries bruised 1 part. 
 
 Hot Water 4 parts. 
 
 Pour the Water on the Berries and having stirred them frequently during 
 12 hours, express the liquid and evaporate the strained liquid to a thin 
 
776 succi — juices. 
 
 3024. Succus Liquiritiae. G. P. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice. 
 An Extract prepared by boiling and expressing the roots of glycyrrhiza 
 glabra. The ordinary Extract of Liquorice of commerce. It is made up in 
 the form of mass for manufacturing purposes, but is made into sticks for 
 sale and use in pharmacy. The Liquorice Mass is extensively used in 
 making plug tobacco. 
 
 3025. Succus Liquiritise Depuratus. G. P. 
 
 Purified Extract of Liquorice. 
 Prepared by exhausting the Extract of Liquorice with cold water and 
 evaporating the clear liquid to a thick extract. (See also 1026.) 
 
 3026. Succus Scoparii. Br. 
 
 Juice of Broom. 
 
 Fresh Broom Tops, 7 pounds. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
 Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 3027. Succus Taraxaci. Br. 
 
 Juice of Dandelion. 
 
 Fresh Dandelion Root 7 pounds. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
 Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 
 Chicory Jtiice is made in the same manner. 
 
 In French Pharmacy the juices of a great number of plants prepared in a 
 similar manner to the foregoing are used. 
 
 Fruit Juices. 
 
 Although these are not employed in medicine, except for 
 their flavoring and acid constituents, they are extensively used 
 by druggists for making Soda Water Syrups and aerated 
 beverages. The following general process for preparing Fruit 
 Juices if carefully followed will prove perfectly satisfactory : 
 
 3028. General Process for making Fruit Juices. 
 
 The fruit should be thoroughly ripe, but not over ripe, and it should be 
 carefully selected, throwing out all that is mouldy or spoiled. Some fruits 
 require mashing or grinding and others do not. When the juice can well be 
 obtained without mashing the fruit, as with strawberries, raspberries and 
 
succi — juices. 777 
 
 similar fruit, it is best not to mash them, as when mashed they form a gelat- 
 inous mass from which it is more difficult to express the juice then when in 
 their natural state. Grapes, cherries, currants and other similar fruit having a 
 heavy skin must be ground or mashed with pounders ; grinding is the best. 
 Pineapples, apples, pears, etc., must be either ground, grated or dessicated. 
 and pulpy fruits like lemon, orange, etc., should be chopped or otherwise cut 
 up so that the juice may be obtained by pressure. When the fruit is prop- 
 erly reduced to the condition for pressing it is put in a wooden press and the 
 juice as much as possible obtained from it by pressure. In making juice in 
 a large way the pulp is run through wooden rollers first, by which a large 
 portion of the juice is separated and the pomace afterward pressed in a press. 
 A layer press is the best, but an ordinary wooden hoop cider press will do for 
 small manufacturing and still smaller quantities may be imperfectly pressed 
 out by hand. In small presses all the juice cannot be obtained with one 
 pressing, and the pumace may be taken out, broken up and pressed again. 
 When the juice is obtained, care being taken to keep it as cool and clean as 
 possible, it may either be put up hot in bottles without any preservative or 
 cold in bulk by adding the proper preserving ingredients. If put up hot, the 
 juice is to be brought to a quick boil and skimmed ; then, while still boiling 
 hot, put into hot bottles taken from boiling water and at once securely corked 
 and put away in a cool place. If put up by the cold process in bulk, it may 
 be preserved by adding 1 5 per cent, of cologne Spirit of Alcohol proof, or by 
 adding to each gallon 30 grains of Salicylic Acid dissolved in 4 ounces of 
 Cologne Spirit, or by dissolving in it all the sugar that will hold in solution. 
 After standing, juices deposit albuminous matter, which may be separated 
 by decanting or filtering. 
 
 The cold process for preparing juices secures the finest product and the 
 best flavor, much of the fine flavor of fruits being volatilized when heated. 
 The important points to bear in mind are : first, to select good, sound ripe 
 fruit; second, to work it up quickly and keep it cool and as little exposed as 
 possible ; and third, to put up and put away in a cool place before fermenting, 
 or as soon as possible after the juice is obtained. No matter if the juice is 
 " muddy," it will settle clear, and can be decanted or filtered before using. 
 Juices put up by the cold process retain their entire flavor and most of their 
 color ; if heated, much of their flavor is dissipated and the color changed. 
 
 Fruit Syrups may be made from these juices as a rule, by adding 1 part 
 of the juice to 4 parts of syrup. They are very convenient to use as additions 
 to medicinal preparations and are extensively used as soda water syrups. 
 
 The following Juices and Syrups may be made in the manner which has 
 been described : 
 
 Apricot, 
 
 Currant, Black, 
 
 ( (range, 
 
 
 Quince, 
 
 Blackberry, 
 
 Currant, Red, 
 
 Peach, 
 
 
 Raspberry, Black, 
 
 Blueberry, 
 
 Grape, 
 
 Pear, 
 
 
 Raspberry, Red, 
 
 Cherry, Black, 
 
 Lemon, 
 
 Pineapple, 
 
 
 Strawberry, 
 
 Cherry, Red, 
 
 Lime, 
 
 I'lum or P 
 
 ruen, 
 
 and others. 
 
778 SULPHUR. 
 
 SULPHUR. 
 
 Symbol, S ; Atomic weight, 32. 
 
 Sulphur is an elementary substance, existing in nature 
 mostly in combination with other substances in the form of 
 ores, but sometimes found in a free state as a result of vol- 
 canic action. It is closely allied in its analogies and charac- 
 teristics to phosphorus. Its salts, the sulphides and sulphates, 
 are very abundant in all parts of the world, and form an im- 
 portant part of the mineral constituents of the earth. 
 
 Sulphur is found in three different forms in the market : 
 Sublimed Sulphur, Roll Sulphur, and Precipitated Sulphur, all 
 of them having their uses in the arts and in pharmacy. It 
 combines directly with several of the elements, forming sul- 
 phides or snlphnrcts, which vary in their union with other 
 bodies, some of them acting as bases and some as acids. 
 
 Sulphur is employed to a large extent for manufacturing 
 sulphuric acid, gunpowder, vulcanized rubber, and many other 
 articles of great commercial importance. 
 
 3029. Sulphur Sublimatum. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur. 
 S. 
 Sublimed Sulphur, or Flowers of Sulphur, is made by 
 heating Sulphur and conducting the vapor into properly con- 
 structed cooled chambers, where the Sulphur collects on the 
 sides and bottom in the form of a light powder, which is 
 known in commerce as " Sulphur." It is a light-yellow pow- 
 der, insoluble in water or alcohol, and when ignited burning 
 with a blue flame with production of Sulphurous Acid gas. 
 Brimstone or Roll Sulphur is the same chemically, but is run 
 into sticks or rolls, and usually contains impurities. 
 
 Uses. — Sublimed Sulphur is used in the arts for various 
 purposes, and given in medicine as a laxative and diaphoretic 
 in doses of 20 to 120 grains, or more. It is used externally in 
 the form of ointment as an application for parasitic diseases, 
 etc. 
 
SULPHUR. 779 
 
 3030. Sulphur Lotum. 
 
 Washed Sulphur. 
 S. 
 This is a purified Sulphur, made by washing 12 parts or 16 
 ounces of Sulphur with 1 part or 10 fl. drachms of Water of 
 Ammonia and a quantity of water sufficient, so that the wash- 
 ing will produce no precipitate with test solution, Chloride of 
 Barium, showing it free from soluble combinations or Sul- 
 phuric or Sulphurous Acids. 
 
 Uses. — This is intended to be used for internal administra- 
 tion, and is frequently mixed with Cream of Tartar and taken 
 as a laxative and blood-cleanser. 
 
 3031. Sulphur Praecipitatum Lac Sulphur. 
 
 Precipitated SiripJmr — Milk of Sulpliur. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, .... 100 parts or 2 pounds. 
 
 Lime, 50 parts or 1 pound. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, ) 
 
 ■yxj r each a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Slake the Lime and make it into a uniform mixture with 
 500 parts or 10 pints of Water; add the Sulphur, previously 
 well dried and sifted, and mix well together; then add 1000 
 parts or 20 pints of water, and heat the mixture to boiling for 
 one hour, stirring constantly, and adding water occasionally 
 to make up for evaporation ; then cover the vessel, allow to 
 cool, pour off the clear solution and filter the remainder, add- 
 ing the filtrate to the poured off portion, and gradually add to 
 the liquid Hydrochloric Acid diluted with an equal volume 
 of Water until the liquid is nearly neutral but still slightly 
 alkaline. Collect the precipitate which forms on a strainer 
 and wash with water until the washings are tasteless, and dry 
 by gentle heat. 
 
 Uses. — Precipitated Sulphur is much used in making hair 
 restoratives and general!}' in liquid preparations, when Sul- 
 
780 SULPHUR. 
 
 phur is required to be suspended, as it is much finer and softer 
 than other forms of Sulphur. It is also used in making oint- 
 ments, cerates, etc. The dose is from 30 grains to 3 drachms. 
 
 3032. Sulphuris Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Sulphur. 
 
 Washed Sulphur, I part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Iodine, 4 parts or 4 ounces. 
 
 Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed, then 
 introduce the mixture into a flask, close the orifice loosely, 
 and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without 
 melting it. When the color has become uniformly dark 
 throughout, increase the heat so as to liquefy the mass, and 
 incline the flask in different directions in order to return into 
 the liquid any portion of the Iodine which may have con- 
 densed on the inner surface of the flask; then withdraw the 
 heat, and after the liquid has become solid break the flask 
 and remove the mass to glass-stoppered bottles. 
 
 Uses. — This compound is chiefly used for making ointment 
 for skin diseases. 
 
 Other Forms of Sulphur. 
 
 3033. Amorphous Sulphur— Sulphur Fitscum, Brown Sulphur, Red 
 Sulphur. — This is prepared from Sublimed Sulphur by melting it, increasing 
 the heat to from 320 to 350 F., and continuing at that temperature for 
 about half an hour, or until it becomes brown and viscid, then pouring into 
 water. In this state it is ductile and easily moulded like wax, but does not 
 become fluid until heated to over 6co° F. 
 
 3034. Roll Sulphur or Brimstone. — This is Crude Sulphur purified by 
 melting, skimming and pouring it into moulds. It is used extensively for 
 bleaching, burning more readily than sublimed Sulphur, and as a cement for 
 setting stone and many other purposes. It is seldom employed in medicine 
 because of its impurities. 
 
 3035. Sulphur Vivum — Black Sulphur, Crude Sulphur, Horse Brim- 
 stone. — This is Crude native Sulphur, a gray or mouse-colored powder. It 
 is seldom found in the market, — the residuum of the subliming pots being 
 substituted for it. It contains quite a large percentage of Arsenic, and is 
 therefore not used except for horses and stock. 
 
SULPHUR. 781 
 
 Salts of Sulphur. 
 
 The Iodide of Sulphur is the only official salt in which sulphur acts as the 
 basic substance. It forms compounds, however, with the other halogen 
 elements. Bromine — Bromide of Sulphur S 2 Br 2 , and with Chlorine — 
 Chloride of Sulphur, S 2 C1 2 , but they are seldom used. 
 
 With most of the positive elements Sulphur combines, forming Sulphides 
 or Sulphurels, which are noticed under the basic elements with which the 
 combination is made. The name hepar was given by the old chemists to 
 the liver-colored combinations formed by the union of Sulphur with antimony, 
 potassa, soda, calcium, etc. It is still retained in Homoeopathic Pharmacy. 
 Hepar Sulphuris or Hepar Sulphur (Calx Sulphurata), Hepar Sulphuris 
 Kalinum (Sulphuretted Potash), being the official titles in their pharma- 
 copoeia. 
 
 Acids of Sulphur. 
 
 Sulphur forms combinations with hydrogen and oxygen, as follows : 
 
 3036. Hydrogen Sulphide — Sulphuretted Hydrogen H 2 S. — This is an 
 inflammable gas occurring in nature and produced by the decomposition of 
 substances containing sulphur. It may be conveniently prepared by decom- 
 posing ferrous sulphide with Sulphuric Acid diluted with water. This gas is 
 extensively used in chemical laboratories in the manufacture of chemicals. 
 
 Hydrogen Persidphide is an oily fluid similar in properties and uses to 
 Hydrogen Peroxide. 
 
 With Oxygen, Sulphur forms two oxides, which are known as Sulphurous 
 and Sulphuric Anhydrides, and which unite with the elements of water 
 making Sulphurous and Sulphuric Acids. 
 
 3037. Sulphurous Acid — H 2 S0 3 . — When Sulphur is burned in the atmos- 
 phere, gaseous Sulphurous Anhydride or Oxide S0 2 is formed, which, when 
 dissolved in water produces Sulphurous Acid. The Sulphurous Acid of the 
 market contains about 5 per cent, or less of the gas. (See page 74.) The 
 salts formed with this acid and basis are called Sulphites. 
 
 3038. Sulphuric Acid — H 2 S0 4 — Oil of Vitriol. — This Acid is now mostly 
 made by roasting iron pyrites or Bisulphide of Iron or other Sulphides, the 
 metals of which have a commercial value. The Sulphur contained in the 
 compounds is converted into Sulphuric Acid by distilling its vapor, which 
 consists of Sulphuric anhydride or < >.\ide S( > :; , which unites with the elements 
 of water, forming Sulphuric Acid. This Arid is extensively used in various 
 manufacturing industries and in pharmacy. (See page 73.1 Tin- salts formed 
 with this acid and bases are called Sulphates. 
 
 Besides these acids formed from the oxides of Sulphur, Hypo-Sulphurous 
 Acid, H 8 S0 9 , the oxide corresponding to which has not been determined, 
 Thiosulphurii Acid, I l.,S,,0 ;i and other Acids, forming a Thionic series, are 
 known. 
 
782 SULPHUR. SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 3039. Sulpho-Acids. — Sulphuric Acids unites with some other acids, 
 forming a class of Sulpho-Acids. 
 
 3040. Sulpho-Carbolic Acid— HC 6 H 3 S0 4 — is made by mixing equivalent 
 weights of Sulphuric and Carbolic Acids. It is obtained from its solution as a 
 solid by crystallization. This Acid forms with metallic bases a class of salts 
 known as Sit/p/iocarbo/ates, as Sulphocarbolate of Calcium Ca 6 (CH 5 S0 4 ) 2 , 
 Sulphocarbolate of Copper Cu(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , Sulphocarbolate of Iron, Fe 
 (C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , Sulphocarbolate of Sodium, Na(C 6 H 5 )S0 4 , Sulphocarbolate 
 of Potassium, KC 6 H 5 S0 4 , Sulphocarbolate of Ammonium, NH 4 C 6 H 5 S0 4 , 
 Sulphocarbolate of Zinc, Zn(C c H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , etc. 
 
 3041. Sulphocyanogen.— This is a compound, made by the union of Sul- 
 phur and Cyanogen, acting as an acid and forming with some bases salts 
 known as Sulphocyanides. 
 
 3042. Sulphovinic Acid — C 3 H 5 HS0 4 . — This acid is formed by the 
 union of Sulphuric Acid with the Etheylic Alcohol radical before the forma- 
 tion of ether is completed. The salts of this acid are called Sulpha vinates, or 
 Sulphetliylates, as Sulphethylate of Calcium, copper, potassium, sodium, etc. 
 
 SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 Suppositories are bodies, usually of cone shape, and made 
 of some substance readily melted or soluble at the tempera- 
 ture of the internal cavities of the body. They are prepared 
 with medicinal substances mixed with the mass so that their 
 effect will be obtained as the suppository melts. 
 
 Moulds of suitable form may be obtained for making sup- 
 positories, the ones usually employed beir g cone-shape for 
 making rectal suppositories. 
 
 Many substances have been employed as a base for supposi- 
 tories, but none has been found so suitable for this purpose as 
 Oil of Theobroma (" Butter of Cacao "). 
 
 It melts readily at the temperature of the body, yet has 
 consistence enough to retain its form at ordinary temperatures. 
 It is mild, bland, and non-irritant. Many attempts have been 
 made to introduce suppositories in which Gelatin is used as a 
 base; but without success, for the reason that it cannot be 
 made soluble at the normal temperature of the body, and is 
 therefore worthless for this purpose. 
 
 The following is in substance the general formula for sup- 
 positories given in the 1S80 Pharmacopoeia: 
 
SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 783 
 
 3043. General Formula for Suppositories. 
 
 Mix the medicinal substance, or substances (previously 
 brought to a proper consistence if necessary), with a small 
 quantity of Oil of Theobroma, by rubbing them together, and 
 add the mixture to the remainder of the Oil of Theobroma, 
 previously melted and cooled to the temperature of 35 C. 
 (95 ° F.). Then mix thoroughly without applying more heat 
 and immediately pour the mixture into suitable moulds, which 
 have been previously cooled on ice. The melted oil, etc., 
 should be stirred before filling each mould. 
 
 Suppositories may be made without moulds by mixing the 
 medicinal substance, or substances, with a small portion of the 
 Oil of Theobroma in a mortar which has been slightly warmed, 
 and then adding the remainder of the Oil of Theobroma and 
 mixing thoroughly. When thus mixed the mass may be trans- 
 ferred to a pill tile (which has been sprinkled with flour or 
 other convenient substance to prevent it sticking), rolled out 
 and divided the same as a pill mass. The sections may then 
 be made conical in shape by rolling one end of them on the 
 pill tile. 
 
 This is by far the most convenient way to make supposi- 
 tories when prescribed, and it ensures a more even distribution 
 of the medicinal agent than when made by heat, as it is almost 
 impossible to incorporate many of the solid extracts with the 
 melted oil. 
 
 The solid Extracts must be softened by rubbing with a little 
 water or alcohol before mixing with the Oil. 
 
 Several machines for making suppositories by the cold pro- 
 cess have been invented, some of which are very good, though 
 but few druggists have enough demand for suppositories to 
 make it profitable to buy one. 
 
 The following general formula for making one dozen 15 
 grains suppositories will be found convenient for reference. 
 
 3044. Formula for one dozen Suppositories. 
 
 The medicinal substance or substances. 
 Oil of Theobroma, sufficient to make . 180 grains. 
 Make as previously directed. 
 
784 SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 This is the size that is usually prescribed as rectal supposi- 
 tories with which druggists are most familiar. They are 
 usually made conical in form. 
 
 Vaginal suppositories are usually made at least double this 
 size, and oviform. 
 
 Urethral Suppositories are generally made "long, slim and 
 slender," like a pipe stem. 
 
 Pessaries are made larger than any of the preceding, and 
 usually ob-oviform. Suppositories are also made hollow for 
 the introduction of medicine, but are not in general favor, as 
 the prolonged action of the medicine by the gradual, melting 
 of the suppository, is usually desired. 
 
 A great variety of combinations are made up in the form of 
 Suppositories, being naturally classed according to the uses 
 for which they are designed, as Anodyne, Antiseptic, Astrin- 
 gent, Hypnotic, etc. There are also Rectal, Urethral, Vaginal, 
 Aural, and Nasal Suppositories, made up in different forms to 
 suit the localities in which they are designed to be used. 
 
 The medicinal composition of the principal Suppositories is 
 shown in the following list, each Suppository containing the 
 stated quantity of the medicinal agent, with sufficient Cacao 
 Butter to make them. Other substances also are used as a 
 base for Suppositories, as Starch Plasma, Soap, etc., but they 
 are not as good as Cacao Butter : 
 
 Rectal Suppositories. 
 
 These are generally made in cone-shape moulds, containing about 15 
 grains. The moulds are dusted with Lycopodium or fine Starch, and cooled 
 on ice before pouring in the material. 
 
 ANODYNE. 
 
 3045. Extract Belladonna. — These 4 grains, Aqueous Extract Opium 1 
 are made )^, )/ z and 1 grain in each of grain, in each. 
 
 Extract of Belladonna. ^g H yoscyamus, Codeine, and 
 
 3046. Extract Hyoscyamus.— Cannabis Indica.— Extract Hyoscya- 
 These are made to contain 3 or 5 grains mus> Codeine, each 1 grain, Extract 
 each of Extract Hyoscyamus. Cannabis Indica % grain ; or Extract 
 
 3047. Hyoscyamus and Opium. — Hyoscyamus, Codeine, and Extract 
 Extract Hyoscyamus 2 grains, Aqueous Cannabis Indica, each 2 grains, in each 
 Extract Opium 1 grain; or Hyoscyamus suppository. 
 
SUPPOSITORIA— SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 785 
 
 3049. Hyoscyamus, Coca, and 
 Cannabis Indica. — Extract Hyoscya- 
 mus 1 grain, Extract Coca 2 grains, 
 Extract Cannabis Indica ]/ z grain ; or 
 Extract Hyoscyamus 4 grains, Extract 
 Coca 5 grains, Extract Cannabis Indica 
 2 grains, in each suppository. 
 
 3050. Morphine Sulphate or Ace- 
 tate. — These are made with either the 
 Sulphate or Acetate of Morphine, to 
 contain T V, }s> l A>, %, %, or 1 grain of 
 the salt. 
 
 3051. Morphine and Atropine. — 
 Sulphate of Morphine l /% grain, Sulphate 
 of Atropine -.j}^ grain ; or Sulphate of 
 Morphine yi grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
 pine 2^ grain, in each suppository. 
 
 3052. Morphine, Atropine, and 
 Cocaine. — Sulphate of Morphine X 
 grain, Sulphate of Atropine -j-J,,- grain, 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine }i grain ; or 
 Sulphate of Morphine %, grain, Sul- 
 phate of Atropine T ^ v grain, Hydro- 
 chlorate of Cocaine y, grain, in each 
 suppository. 
 
 3053. Morphine, Atropine, Co- 
 caine, and Cannabis Indica. — Sul- 
 phate of Morphine y. grain, Sulphate 
 of Atropine -j-J-j grain, Hydrochlorate 
 of Cocaine l /£ grain, and Extract Can- 
 nabis Indica ]/ 2 grain ; or Sulphate of 
 Morphine x / 2 grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
 pine T } i(i grain, Hydrochlorate of Co- 
 
 caine Yz grain, Extract Cannabis Indica 
 y 2 grain, in each suppository. 
 
 3054. Opium. — These are made to 
 contain y§, yi, %, y, 1, 2, 3, or 4 grains 
 each of Powdered Opium. 
 
 3055. Extract Opium. — These are 
 made to contain %, y, 1, or 2 grains 
 each of Aqueous Extract of Opium. 
 
 3056. Opium and Belladonna. — 
 These are made in a great many pro- 
 portions as follows : Powdered Opium 
 %, grain, Extract Belladonna y grain ; 
 Powdered Opium t grain, Extract Bella- 
 donna % grain ; Powdered Opium 2 
 grains, Extract Belladonna y grain ; 
 Powdered Opium 3 grains, Extract Bel- 
 ladonna yi grain. 
 
 3057. Extract Opium and Bella- 
 donna. — These are made in several 
 proportions as follows : Aqueous Ex- 
 tract Opium yi grain, Extract Bella- 
 donna yi grain; Aqueous Extract Opium 
 
 1 grain, Extract Belladonna yi grain ; 
 Aqueous Extract Opium \% grain, Ex- 
 tract Belladonna y z grain ; Aqueous 
 Extract Opium 2 grains, Extract Bella- 
 donna y z grain; Aqueous Extract Opium 
 
 2 grains, Extract Belladonna 1 grain. 
 
 3058. Opium and Ipecac. — These 
 are made with Powdered Opium 1 grain, 
 Powdered Ipecac 1 grain ; Powdered 
 Opium 2 grains, Powdered Ipecac 2 
 grains. 
 
 ASTRINGENT. 
 
 Those which contain a larger quantity of the medicinal agent than can well 
 be contained in a 1 5-grain mould are made of a correspondingly larger size. 
 
 3059. Extract Belladonna and 
 Acetate of Lead. — These are made 
 with Extract of Belladonna \i grain, 
 .\i etate of Lead, 1 '• grains ; or Kxtract 
 of llclladonna y z grain, Acetate of Lead 
 3 grains. 
 
 3060. Extract Belladonna and 
 Tannin Compound.— Kxtract Bella- 
 donna y z grain, Tannin 5 grains, Sul- 
 
 phate of Morphine y grain, Iodide of 
 Lead 3 grains, in each. 
 
 3061. Extract Krameria. — These 
 are made to contain 3 grains, 5 grains, 
 or 10 grains of the Extract in each. 
 
 3062. Extract Stramonium and 
 Acetate of Lead. — These are made 
 witli Extract Stramonium 1 grain, Ace- 
 tate of Lead 2 grains, in each. 
 
786 
 
 SUPPOSITOK1A — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 3063. Extract Stramonium and 
 Tannin. — These are made to contain 
 Extract Stramonium 1 grain, Tannic 
 Acid 5 grains, in each. 
 
 3064. Extract Stramonium and 
 Tannin Compound. — Extract Stra- 
 monium y z grain, Tannic Acid l / 2 grain, 
 Carbonate of Lead 1 grain, Liquor 
 Subacetate of Lead 2 minims, Creasote 
 y 2 minim, in each. 
 
 3065. Gallic Acid, Ergot, and 
 Digitalis. — These are made with Gal- 
 lic Acid 2 grains, Extract Ergot 5 
 grains, Digitalis 1 grain ; or Gallic 
 Acid 5 grains, Extract Ergot 10 grains, 
 Digitalis 2 grains, in each. 
 
 3066. Opium and Acetate of Lead. 
 
 — These are made of several propor- 
 tions, as follows : 
 
 Powdered Opium 1 grain, Acetate of 
 Lead 2 grains ; Powdered Opium 2 
 grains, Acetate of Lead 2 grains ; Pow- 
 dered Opium 1 grain, Acetate of Lead 
 5 grains ; Powdered Opium 2 grains, 
 Acetate of Lead 5 grains. 
 
 3067. Tannic Acid. — These are 
 made to contain 2 grains, 5 grains, or 
 10 grains of Tannin in each suppository. 
 
 3068. Tannic Acid and Bismuth. 
 
 — These are made to contain Tannic 
 Acid 5 grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 10 
 grains ; Tannic Acid 10 grains, Bis- 
 muth 20 grains, in each. 
 
 3069. Tannic Acid and Opium. 
 — A number of combinations are made 
 as follows : 
 
 Tannic Acid 2 grains, Powdered 
 Opium 1 grain ; Tannic Acid 2 grains, 
 Powdered Opium 2 grains ; Tannic 
 Acid 5 grains, Powdered Opium 1 grain; 
 Tannic Acid 5 grains, Powdered Opium 
 2 grains. 
 
 3070. Tannin, Extract Krameria, 
 and Gallic Acid. — These are made to 
 contain Tannic Acid 5 grains, Extract 
 Krameria 1 grain, and Gallic Acid 2 
 grains ; or Tannic Acid 10 grains, Ex- 
 tract Krameria 5 grains, Gallic Acid 4 
 grains. 
 
 3071. Tannin, Eucalyptol, and 
 Iodoform. — These are made with Tan- 
 nic Acid 5 grains, Eucalyptol 1 minim, 
 Iodoform 2 grains ; or Tannin 20 
 grains, Eucalyptol 2 minims, Iodoform 
 5 grains, in each. 
 
 3072. Tannin, Bismuth, and Cor- 
 rosive Sublimate. — Tannin 5 grains, 
 Bismuth Subnitrate 5 grains, Corrosive 
 Sublimate -^ grain ; or Tannin 10 
 grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 10 grains, 
 Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain, in each 
 suppository. 
 
 3073. Thymol and Bismuth. — 
 
 Thymol 2 grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 
 10 grains ; or Thymol 1 grain, Bismuth 
 Subnitrate 20 grains, in each. 
 
 ANTISEPTIC. 
 
 Many of these require to be made larger than the 1 5-grain size. 
 
 3074. Boric Acid.— These are made 
 to contain 5 grains of Boric Acid in each. 
 
 3075. Boric Acid, Thymol, and 
 Eucalyptus. — Boric Acid 5 grains, 
 Thymol 2 grains, Oil Eucalyptus 1 
 minim ; or Boric Acid 10 grains, Thy- 
 mol 1 grain, Oil Eucalyptus 3 minims, 
 in each. 
 
 3076. Benzoic Acid, Corrosive 
 Sublimate, and Resorcin. — These 
 
 are made, Benzoic Acid 5 grains, Re- 
 sorcin 10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate 
 yV grain ; or Benzoic Acid 10 grains, 
 Resorcin 10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate 
 T V grains, in each. 
 
 3077. Iodoform. — These are made 
 to contain 1, 2, or 3 grains of Iodoform 
 in each suppository. 
 
 3078. Iodoform and Tannic Acid. 
 — Iodoform 5 grains, Tannin 10 grains ; 
 
SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 787 
 
 or Iodoform 5 grains, Tannin 20 grains 
 in each suppository. 
 
 3079. Iodoform, Thymol, and Re- 
 sorcin. — Iodoform 2 grains, Thymol 
 1 grain, Resorcin 10 grains ; or Iodo- 
 form 5 grains, Thymol 1 grain, Resor- 
 cin 10 grains, in each suppository. 
 
 3080. Naphthalin Compound. — 
 Naphthalin 2 grains, Borax 10 grains, 
 Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain, Oil Euca- 
 
 lyptus 2 minims ; or Naphthalin 3 
 grains, Borax 10 grains, Corrosive Sub- 
 limate yV grain, Oil Eucalyptus 2 min- 
 ims, in each. 
 
 3081. Salicylic, and Boric Acid 
 with Thymol. — Salicylic Acid 5 grains, 
 Boric Acid 5 grains, Thymol 2 grains ; 
 or Salicylic Acid 10 grains, Boric Acid 
 10 grains. Thymol 5 grains, in each 
 suppository. 
 
 HYPNOTIC. 
 
 Most of these Suppositories contain a larger quantity of medicine than can 
 be made up into ordinary size suppositories, and must be made larger. 
 
 3082. Chloral Hydrate, Atropine, 
 and Morphine.— Chloral Hydrate 10 
 grains, Sulphate of Atropine yJ,j grain, 
 Sulphate of Morphine % grain ; or 
 Chloral Hydrate 30 grains. Sulphate of 
 Atropine T0Tr grain, Sulphate of Mor- 
 phine % grain, in each suppository. 
 
 3083. Chloral Hydrate, Mono- 
 bromated Camphor, and Hyoscy- 
 amine. — Chloral Hydrate 15 grains, 
 Monobromated Camphor 5 grains, Hy- 
 drochlorate of Ilyoscyamine T J- ff grain ; 
 or Chloral Hydrate 20 grains. Mono- 
 bromated Camphor 10 grains, Hydro- 
 chlorate of Ilyoscyamine K ' grain in 
 each. 
 
 3084. Chloral Hydrate, Morphine, 
 and Atropine. — Chloral Hydrate 15 
 grains, Sulpha'e of Morphine % grain, 
 Sulphate of Atropine ,.!,, grain; or 
 Chloral Hydrate 20 grains, Sulphate of 
 Morphine % grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
 P'" c 100 g ra i n . in each. 
 
 3085. Lupuline, Codeine, and 
 Hyoscine. — Lupuline 5 grains, Co- 
 deine 1 grain, Hyoscine Hydrobromate 
 too grain ; or Lupuline 10 grains, 
 Codeine 2 grains, Hyoscine Hydrobro- 
 mate ^jy grain, in each. 
 
 3086. Lupuline and Opium Com- 
 pound. — Lupuline 5 grains, Extract 
 Hyoscyamus 1 grain, Extract Cannabis 
 Indica 1 grain, Extract Opium % grain; 
 or Lupuline 15 grains, Extract Hyoscy- 
 amus 2 grains, Extract Cannabis In- 
 dica 2 grains, Extract Opium 1 grain, 
 in each. 
 
 3087. Lupuline and Cannabis 
 Indica Compound. — Lupuline 5 
 grains, Extract Hyoscyamus 1 grain, 
 Monobromated Camphor 2 grains, Ex- 
 tract Cannabis Indica %, grain ; or Lu- 
 puline 15 grains, Extract Hyoscyamus 
 2 grains, Monobromated Camphor 2 
 grains, Extract Cannabis Indica 1 grain, 
 in each. 
 
 Urethral Suppositories. 
 
 • Suppositories are made long and slim and of a uniform size, '.. inch 
 or smaller, suitable for inserting in the urethra. They may be made up in 
 the same manner that pills are made into rolls before cutting. They are 
 
788 
 
 SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 used for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and other irritations or ailments of the 
 urethra. They are usually made from two to three inches long. 
 
 30S8. Bismuth and Lead. — Sub- 
 carbonate of Bismuth 2 grains, Carbon- 
 ate of Lead 1 grain ; or Subcarbonate 
 of Bismuth 3 grains, Carbonate of Lead 
 
 1 grain, in each. 
 
 3089. Calomel and Chlorate of 
 Potassium. — Calomel 1 grain, Chlo- 
 rate of Potassium 1 grain ; or Calomel 
 
 2 grains, Chlorate of Potassium 3 grains, 
 in each. 
 
 3090. Calomel, Corrosive Subli- 
 mate, and Eucalyptus. — Calomel 1 
 grain, Corrosive Sublimate ^5 grain, 
 Oil Eucalyptus 1 minim ; or Calomel 5 
 grains, Corrosive Sublimate ■£$ grain, 
 Oil Eucalyptus 1 minim, in each. 
 
 3091. Copaiba and Tannin.— Co- 
 paiba 2 minims, Tannic Acid 2 grains ; 
 or Copaiba 3 minims, Tannic Acid 3 
 minims in each. 
 
 3092. Copaiba and Bismuth. — 
 Copaiba 2 minims, Subnitrate of Bis- 
 
 muth 3 grains ; or Copaiba 3 minims, 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 5 grains, in each 
 suppository. 
 
 3093. Copaiba, Cubebs, and Sali- 
 cin. — Copaiba 2 minims, Oil of Cubebs 
 1 minim, Salicin 3 grains ; or Copaiba 2 
 minims, Oil Cubebs 1 minim, Salicin 3 
 grains, in each. 
 
 3094. Hydrastine and Salicin. — 
 Hydrastine }4 grain, Salicin 2 grains ; 
 or Hydrastine 1 grain, Salicin 3 grains 
 in each. 
 
 3095. Iodoform, Tannin, and Thy- 
 mol. — Iodoform 2 grains, Tannic Acid 
 
 1 grain, Thymol ]/ 2 grain ; or Iodoform 
 
 2 grains, Tannic Acid 1 grain, Thymol 
 x /z grain, in each. 
 
 3096. Zinc and Copper Sulphates. 
 — Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain, Sulphate of 
 Copper 1 grain ; or Sulphate of Zinc 3 
 grains, and Sulphate of Copper 1 grain, 
 in each. 
 
 Vaginal Suppositories. 
 
 These Suppositories are made much larger, and usually of an oviform shape. 
 Mould may be obtained for making them, or for extemporaneous use they may 
 be formed by hand into the required shape. The formulae are as follows : 
 
 3097. Copaiba and Tannin. — 
 Copaiba 30 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
 grains, Oil Cloves 1 minim ; or Copaiba 
 15 grains, Tannic Acid 10 grains, Oil 
 Cloves 2 minims, in each. 
 
 3098. Iodoform and Corrosive 
 Sublimate. — Iodoform 5 grains, Cor- 
 rosive Sublimate ^V grain ; or Iodoform 
 10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate -^ grain, 
 in each. 
 
 3099. Iodoform and Tannin. — 
 Iodoform 5 grains, Tannic Acid 15 
 grains ; or Iodoform 5 grains, Tannic 
 Acid 30 grains, in each. 
 
 3100. Salicylic, Boric, and Tan- 
 nic Acids. — Salicylic Acid 10 grains, 
 
 Boric Acid 5 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
 grains ; or Salicylic Acid 15 grains, 
 Boric Acid 5 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
 grains, in each. 
 
 3101. Tannic and Boric Acid. — 
 Tannic Acid 40 grains, Boric Acid 5 
 grains ; or Tannic Acid 40 grains, Boric 
 Acid 10 grains, in each. 
 
 3102. Tannin and Bismuth. — 
 Tannic Acid 20 grains, Subnitrate of 
 Bismuth 20 grains ; or Tannic Acid 20 
 grains, and Subnitrate of Bismuth 40 
 grains, in each. 
 
 3103. Tannin, Bromide, and Chlo- 
 rate of Potassium. — Tannic Acid 
 20 grains, Bromide of Potassium 15 
 
SUPPOSITOKIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 789 
 
 grains, Chlorate of Potassium 10 grains; 3106. Zinc and Thymol. — Oxide 
 
 or Tannic Acid 35 grains, Bromide of of Zinc 5 grains, Sulphocarbolate of 
 
 Potassium 20 grains, Chlorate of Potas- Zinc 10 grains, Thymol 2 grains ; or 
 
 sium 10 grains, in each. Oxide of Zinc 10 grains, Sulphocarbol- 
 
 3104. Nitrate and Acetate of ate of zinc 20 grains, Thymol 5 grains, 
 Lead. — Nitrate of Lead 2 grains, Ace- in eacn - 
 
 tate of Lead 5 grains ; or Nitrate of 3107. Resorcin Salicin and Bis- 
 Lead 5 grains, and Acetate of Lead 10 muth. — Resorcin 5 grains, Subnitrate 
 grains, in each. of Bismuth 20 grains, Salicin 10 grains ; 
 
 3105. Lead Bismuth and Euca- or Resorcin 10 grains, Subnitrate of 
 typtol.— Carbonate of Lead 10 grains, Bismuth 30 grains, and Salicin 10 
 Subcarbonate of Bismuth 10 grains, grains, in each. 
 
 Eucatyptol 2 minims; or Carbonate of 3108. Salicin and Cocaine. — Sali- 
 
 Lead 10 grains, Subcarbonate of Bis- cin 20 grains, Hydrochlorate of Cocaine 
 
 muth 10 grains, Eucalyptol 2 minims, ^ grain ; or Salicin 40 grains, Hydro- 
 
 in each. chlorate of Cocaine 1 grain, in each. 
 
 Other Suppositories. 
 
 Besides the Suppositories enumerated, there are Aural Suppositories, con- 
 taining small quantities of medicinal substances in small oblong suppositories, 
 -and Nasal Suppositories, also small, and containing small quantities of medic- 
 inal agents mostly of an antiseptic nature. These are but little used, and it 
 is not necessary to give their composition here. 
 
 The Suppositories of the Br. P. are as follows : 
 
 3109. Suppositoria Acidi Carbolici cum Sapone — Carbolic Acid Sup- 
 positories. — Carbolic Acid 12 grains, Curd Soap 180 grains, Glycerine of 
 Starch 40 grains, or a sufficiency. Mix the ingredients so as to form a paste 
 of suitable consistence, and make 12 Suppositories by hand. 
 
 3110. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici— Tannic Acid Suppositories.— Tan- 
 nic Acid 36 grains, Oil of Theobroma 144 grains. Make 12 Suppositories by 
 running in moulds. 
 
 31 1 1. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici cum Sapone— Tannic Acid Sup- 
 positories with Soap. — Tannic Acid 36 grains, Glycerine of Starch 2,0 grains, 
 Curd Soap in powder 100 grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. Mix, roll 
 and mould by hand into \z Suppositories. 
 
 3112. Suppositoria Hydrargyri — Mercurial Suppositories. — Ointment 
 of Mercury 60 grains, Oil of Theobroma 120 grains. Make into 12 Supposi- 
 tories by wanning them gently together and running into moulds. 
 
 31 13. Suppositoria Iodoformi — Iodoform Suppositories. Iodoform in 
 powder 36 grains, Oil of Theobroma 144 grains. Make into 1 2 Suppositories. 
 
 3114. Suppositoria Morphinae -;1/^; phine Suppositories. Hydrochlo- 
 rate of Morphine 6 grains, Olycerine of Starch 30 grains; Curd Soap in 
 
790 SUPPOSITORIES. SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 powder ioo grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. Make 12 Suppositories 
 by hand. 
 
 31 15. Suppositoria Morphinae cum Sapone — Morphine Suppositories 
 with Soap. — Hydrochlorate of Morphine 6 grains, Glycerine of Starch 30 
 grains, Curd Soap in powder 100 grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. 
 Make 12 Suppositories by hand. 
 
 31 16. Suppositoria Plumbi Composita — Compound Lead Suppositories. 
 — Acetate of Lead 36 grains, Opium in powder 12 grains, Oil of Theobroma 
 132 grains. Make 12 Suppositories by running in moulds. 
 
 A few other Suppositories have a popular sale as proprietary remedies, as : 
 
 31 17. Pile Suppositories. — These may be variously made, but as good a 
 formula as any is Opium in powder 2 grains, Galls in fine powder 10 grains, 
 with sufficient Oil of Theobroma to make a 30-grain Suppository. 
 
 31 18. Purgative Suppositories. — These may be most conveniently made 
 of powdered Elaterium 1 grain, made up with Oil of Theobroma into a sup- 
 pository. 
 
 31 19. Vermifuge Suppositories — For pin worms. — Aloes 10 to 20 grains 
 in powder made up into 30-grain Suppositories. 
 
 SYRUPI— SYRUPS. 
 
 Syrups as understood in pharmacy are concentrated Solu- 
 tions of Sugar in Water or other aqueous liquids, containing, 
 usually, some flavoring or medicinal ingredients. They are 
 prepared by dissolving the sugar in the medicinal solution 
 either by the aid of heat or by agitation, or stirring cold, the 
 latter method being now quite generally employed as the 
 flavor of the preparation is better retained by the cold process. 
 
 The best process for making Syrups is by water-bath perco- 
 lation, as by this method the making of the Syrup is facili- 
 tated by the heat without exposure, and the flavor and 
 strength of the preparation is unimpaired. 
 
 Only the best quality of granulated sugar should be used 
 for making Syrups, and the water should, if not distilled, be 
 free from all impurities. Rain water boiled and filtered is suf- 
 ficiently pure for most purposes. 
 
 Many of the Syrups do not keep well during the summer. 
 Such Syrups should only be made in small quantities and if 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 791 
 
 admissible should be rubbed in a mortar with a few drops 
 only of Oil of Cloves, which prevent them from spoiling for a 
 long time. Syrups should be made slightly heavier of sugar 
 for summer use than when designed to be used in the winter. 
 
 A great number of Syrups are employed in pharmacy, but 
 only a comparatively small number are official. Those official 
 in the U. S., Br., and German Pharmacopoeias will first be 
 considered, and then the more important unofficial Syrups. 
 
 3120. Syrupus — Syrupus Simplex. 
 
 Syrup. — Simple Syr up. 
 The U. S. 1880 formula is: 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28^6 ounces av. 
 Distilled water, enough to 
 
 make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Two pints of Syrup as thus prepared weighs as follows : 
 
 Weight in grains, 19102 
 
 Weight in av. ounces (nearly), .... AZ 2 A 
 
 Specific gravity, i-3io 
 
 Dissolve the Sugar with the aid of heat in 1 1 fl. ounces of 
 Distilled Water, raise the temperature to the boiling point, 
 and strain the solution while hot. Then incorporate with the 
 solution enough Distilled Water, added through the strainer, 
 to make the Syrup measure two pints, or weigh as above. 
 This is dispensed as Simple Syrup and used as the basis of 
 other Syrups. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, .... 7 pounds i ^ ounces av. 
 Distilled, or pure Water, enough to make a gallon. 
 
 Having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath 
 percolator with a piece of muslin or canton flannel, put the 
 sugar upon it in the percolator, and add to it 3 pints of water, 
 heat the solution to boiling, with occasional stirring, then 
 draw off by the stop-cock and add enough Distilled Water 
 through the percolator to make a gallon. 
 
792 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 It will readily be seen that this is the most convenient and 
 practical way to make Simple Syrup. It is not only made, 
 but strained or filtered at the same operation, and produces a 
 clear, bright syrup. 
 
 If it is desirable to make the syrup (or any syrup) without 
 heat, it may be made in the same manner, simply omitting the 
 heat. 
 
 For other purposes Syrup is variously made, as Flavored 
 Syrup, for making elegant preparations, Soda Water Syrup for 
 making soda water, etc. 
 
 3121. Syrupus Acaciae. 
 
 Syrup of Acacia — Syrup of Gum Arabic. 
 Mucilage of Acacia, . . 25 parts or 4^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 75 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This Syrup should be freshly made when required for use. 
 The proportion of one part by measure of mucilage to three 
 parts of syrup, although not exactly correct, is accurate enough 
 for making this syrup extemporaneously. 
 
 This is used in cough mixtures and as a vehicle for other 
 medicines. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Fenners Formula. 
 
 Acacia, granulated, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, 24 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 
 
 Water, enough to make 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Acacia by stirring it from time to time in eight 
 ounces of water, When it is dissolved put the sugar in the 
 water-bath percolator and add the solution and four ounces of 
 water to it ; heat gently and stir occasionally until the sugar 
 is dissolved, then draw off by the stop-cock and add enough 
 water through the percolator to make two pints of the syrup. 
 Rub the Oil of Cloves with an ounce of the syrup and mix it 
 with the remainder by agitation. 
 
 Syrup Acacia made in this manner will keep sweet through 
 the summer. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 793 
 
 3122. Syrupus Acidi Citrici. 
 
 Syrup of Citric Acid. 
 
 Citric Acid 8 parts or 150 grains. 
 
 Water, 8 parts or 2^ fl. drachms. 
 
 Spirit of Lemon, . . 4 parts or 95 minims. 
 
 Syrup, 980 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Spirit of Lemon with the Syrup contained in a 
 bottle ; then add, gradually, the Citric Acid, dissolved in the 
 water, shaking the bottle after each addition until the whole 
 is thoroughly mixed. 
 
 This is used chiefly for flavoring. 
 
 3123. Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. 
 
 Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. 
 
 Iodine, 10 parts or 190 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 80 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 150 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 500 parts or 22 fl. ounces. 
 
 Spirit of Orange, ... 5 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Distilled water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 F'or directions for making see U. S. P. 1880. As a current 
 of hydrosulphuric acid gas is required to be passed through 
 this preparation during the process of making, it will be made 
 by but few druggists, therefore the directions for making are 
 not here repeated. 
 
 This Syrup contains one per cent, of absolute Hydriodic 
 Acid. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 3124. Syrupus Allii. 
 
 Syrup of Garlic. 
 Fresh Garlic, sliced and bruised, 15 parts or Gyi ounces av. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, ... 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Acetic Acid 40 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate the Garlic for four days with ten ounces of Diluted 
 Acetic Acid and express the liquid. Then mix the residue 
 
794 SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 with the remainder of the Acid and again express until enough 
 additional liquid has been obtained to make the whole, when 
 filtered, measure a pint. Then pour the filtered liquid upon 
 the Sugar contained in a bottle and agitate occasionally until 
 it is dissolved. Keep the Syrup in well stopped, filled bottles 
 in a cool place. This is used in cough and worm medicines. 
 
 A Compound Syrup of Garlic is made with Garlic l / z ounce, Aniseed y 2 
 ounce, Elecampane Root 3 drachms, Liquorice Root 2 drachms, macerated 
 with Brandy 24 fl.ounces, and the liquid made into a Syrup with 1 % pound 
 of Sugar. 
 
 3125. Syrupus Althaea. 
 
 Syrup of Althcea. 
 
 This is official in the U. S. and German Pharmacopoeias, 
 the formula being about the same in each. 
 
 Althaea root, cut, ... 4 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 Sugar, granulated, ... 60 parts or 15 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 Having washed the Althaea with cold Water, pour upon it 
 fourteen ounces of cold Water and macerate for one hour, 
 stirring frequently ; then drain through flannel without ex- 
 pressing. To nine fl.ounces of the drained liquid add the 
 Sugar and dissolve it by agitation without heat. This Syrup 
 should be freshly made, when required for use. 
 
 This is a demulcent Syrup used for coughs and as a diu- 
 retic. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3126. Syrupus Amygdalae. 
 
 Syrup of Almonds (Orgeat). 
 Sweet Almond, ... 10 parts or 5 ounces av. 
 Bitter Almond, ... 3 parts or 1*4, ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 50 parts or 25 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, 5 parts or 2}& fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Having blanched the Almonds rub them to a very fine paste, 
 adding, during the trituration, \]/ 2 ounces of Water and 5 
 ounces of Sugar. Mix the paste thoroughly with the Orange 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 795 
 
 Flower Water and 15 ounces of Water, strain with strong ex- 
 pression, and add enough Water to the dregs to obtain, after 
 renewed expression, 25 fl. ounces of strained liquid. To this 
 add the remainder of the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, with- 
 out heat, and strain through muslin. Keep the Syrup in well- 
 stopped, filled bottles in a cool place. (U. S. 1880.) 
 
 The German formula directs a smaller proportion of Bitter 
 Almonds, but is otherwise about the same. It is used mainly 
 for flavoring. 
 
 A Syrup of Bitter Almond for flavoring may be made with 
 Essence of Bitter Almond ]/ 2 fl. ounce mixed with 1 pint of 
 Syrup. 
 
 3127. Syrupus Aurantii. 
 
 Syrup of Orange. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Sweet Orange Peel, de- 
 prived of the inner 
 white layer, and cut 
 into small pieces, . . 5 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 5 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate of 
 
 Calcium, 1 part or x / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 60 parts or 30 ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quan- 
 tity to make .... 100 parts or 34 fl. ounces. 
 Macerate the Orange Peel with the Alcohol for seven days, 
 then express the liquid ; rub this with the Precipitated Phos- 
 phate of Calcium and 15 ounces of Water gradually added; 
 filter the mixture and pass enough Water through the filter 
 to make the filtrate weigh 40 parts or measure 19^ ounces. 
 Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, 
 and strain. Used mainly for flavoring. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Tincture of Orange Peel 1 fl. ounce, Syrup 
 7 fl. ounces, to be mix'ed together. 
 
 The G. P. formula is: Orange Peel 5 parts, White Wine 45 
 parts, macerate for 2 days and express, then add to 40 parts of 
 expressed liquid 60 parts of Sugar and dissolve. 
 
796 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 FENNER S FORMULA. 
 
 As Syrup of Orange is used only for its agreeable flavor, 
 and has no medicinal value, it seems unnecessary to go to so 
 much trouble to make it when a simpler method will answer 
 the purpose as well. The following formula is therefore given, 
 which will make a fine preparation, provided only a good 
 quality of Oil of Orange is used : 
 
 Oil of Orange 40 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fi. drachms. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 80 grains. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil of Orange in the Alcohol and rub with the 
 Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar, gradually adding 12 
 fl. ounces of Water ; filter the mixture and add enough Water 
 through the filter to make 14 fl. ounces ; dissolve the Sugar in 
 the filtrate by agitation or percolation and add enough Water, 
 if necessary, to make 2 pints of the Syrup. 
 
 3128. Syrupus Aurantii Florum. 
 
 Syrup of Orange Flowers. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28^8 ounces av. 
 Orange Flower Water, 35 parts or enough to make 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Sugar as nearly as possible by agitation in 14 
 fl. ounces of Orange Flower Water, then add enough Orange 
 Flower Water to make 2 pints of the Syrup and agitate until 
 dissolved. 
 
 The amount of Sugar directed is a little more than will 
 readily dissolve by agitation. The 1870 revision directs to use 
 gentle heat. It may be readily made to dissolve by water- 
 bath percolation without injuring its flavor. 
 
 The formulas of the Br. and German Pharmacopoeias direct 
 the Sugar first to be dissolved in distilled Water by heat, and 
 Orange Flower Water added when nearly cold, to make of the 
 desired specific gravity. 
 
 This Syrup is used for flavoring other medicines. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 797 
 
 3129. Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis. 
 
 Syrup of Lactophosphate of Calcium {Lime). 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate of 
 
 Calcium (Lime), . . 22 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Lactic Acid, concentrated, 33 parts or 9^ fl. drachms. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, . 80 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, \ 
 
 Water of Ammonia, - each a sufficient quantity to make 
 
 Water, ) IOO ° parts or about 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the precipitated Phosphate of Calcium with 300 parts 
 or 13 fl. ounces of cold W T ater and add enough Hydrochloric 
 Acid to dissolve it. Filter the solution and add to the filtrate 
 1200 parts or 3 pints of cold Water, and Water of Ammonia 
 until slightly in excess, which may be distinguished by the 
 odor of Ammonia after standing a few moments. Allow the 
 precipitate to subside, pour off the supernatant Water, pour 
 on more Water, agitate, and repeat the operation several times 
 until the precipitate is thoroughly washed, then pour it upon 
 a muslin strainer, drain and press out the Water, and, at once, 
 dissolve the magma in the Lactic Acid. Then add the Orange 
 Flower Water and enough Water to make the solution weigh 
 about 350 parts or measure 14 fl. ounces ; filter, and pass 
 enough Water through the filter to make the filtrate weigh 
 400 parts or measure 17 fl. ounces. Lastly, add to this the 
 Sugar and dissolve it by agitation or percolation, without 
 heat, and strain. 
 
 This is essentially the same as was formerly published in 
 FENNER'S FORMULARY. The addition of a fl. drachm of Hydro- 
 chloric Acid to the finished Syrup tends to prevent the pre- 
 cipitation whichis so common in this preparation. In fact, 
 as the Syrup is prepared by many manufacturers, it contains 
 hardly any Lactic Acid, it place being supplied by Hydro- 
 chloric Acid, which is cheaper and makes a more stable 
 preparation. This Syrup is given as a nutritive tonic in doses 
 of a teaspoonful or mure. 
 
 Another formula for this Syrup is given among the Unofficial 
 Syrups. 
 
798 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3130. Syrupus Calcis. 
 
 Syrup of Lime — SaccJiaratcd Solution of Lime. 
 
 Lime (unslacked), ... 5 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 30 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity 
 
 to make 100 parts or 20 ounces av. 
 
 Triturate the Lime and Sugar together in a mortar, then 
 add the mixture to 12 ounces of boiling Water, contained in 
 a bright copper or tinned iron vessel, and boil the mixture for 
 five minutes, constantly stirring ; dilute it with an equal vol- 
 ume of W T ater and filter it through white paper. Finally, 
 evaporate the Syrup to 100 parts or 20 ounces avoirdupois. 
 
 This is a new U. S. official, but a similar preparation has 
 been for some time official in the British Pharmacopia under 
 the name of Liquor Calcis Saccharatus. It is used as an 
 antacid. Dose, teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3131. Syrupus Cerasorum. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Cherries. 
 Bruise black sour Cherries with the seeds (stones) and set 
 them aside in a covered vessel at a temperature of about 20°C, 
 stirring frequently until a small filtered portion yields a clear 
 mixture with half its volume of Alcohol; then express and 
 filter. The liquid may be called Cherry Juice. Then take 
 
 Cherry Juice, 1 pint or 35 parts. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds or 65 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Sugar in the Juice. This is a finely-flavored 
 acid Fruit Syrup. Other Fruit Syrups may be prepared in 
 the same manner. 
 
 3132. Syrupus Cinnamomi. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Cinnamon — Zimmet Syrup. 
 
 Cinnamon, in coarse powder, 10 parts. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, 50 parts. 
 
 Sugar, 60 parts. 
 
 Water, 40 parts. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 799 
 
 SO : 
 
 grains. 
 
 I# 
 
 fl. drachms, 
 
 I 
 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 Macerate the Cinnamon in the Cinnamon Water for 2 days, 
 strain and filter, then add the Sugar and dissolve. 
 
 This Syrup is used as a flavoring for other medicines. 
 
 3133. Syrupus Chloral. Br. 
 
 Syrup of Chloral. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral 
 
 Distilled Water, 
 
 Simple Syrup, sufficient to make . 
 
 Dissolve the Chloral in the Water and add enough Syrup to 
 make the measure I fl. ounce. 
 
 This Syrup contains 10 grains of Choral in a fl.drachm and 
 is used as a hypnotic and anodyne. It should be freshly made 
 when wanted. A teaspoonful contains 10 grains of the salt. 
 The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 3134. Syrupus Ferri Bromidi. 
 
 Syrup of Bromide of Iron. 
 
 Iron, in the form of fine 
 
 wire cut in small pieces, 30 parts or \y 2 ounces av. 
 
 Bromine, 75 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 30 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity to make 1000 parts or about 2 pints. 
 
 Introduce the Iron into a flask of thin glass of suitable 
 capacity, add to it 200 parts or 9 fl. ounces of distilled Water, 
 and afterwards the Bromine; shake the mixture occasionally 
 until the reaction ceases and the solution has acquired a green 
 color and has lost the odor of Bromine. Place the Sugar in a 
 porcelain capsule and filter the solution of Bromide of Iron 
 into the Sugar; rinse the flask and the Iron Wire with go parts 
 or 4 fl. ounces of distilled Water and pass the washings through 
 the filter into the Sugar; stir the mixture with a porcelain or 
 wooden spatula, heat it to the boiling point on a sand-bath 
 and, having strained the Syrup through linen into a tared 
 
800 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 bottle, add enough distilled Water to make the product weigh 
 iooo parts or measure 33 fl. ounces. Lastly, shake the bottle 
 and transfer its contents to small vials, which should be well 
 filled, corked, and kept in a cool dark place. 
 
 This Syrup, which has previously been furnished chiefly by 
 manufacturing chemists, is now made officinal. It should con- 
 tain 10 per cent, by weight of Ferrous Bromide. The dose is 
 15 to 60 minims. 
 
 3135. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. 
 
 Syrup of Iodide of Iron. 
 
 Iron, in the form of fine 
 
 wire cut in small pieces, 25 parts or 532 grains. 
 
 Iodine, 82 parts or 4 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity to make 1000 parts or . 2 pints. 
 
 Introduce the Iron into a flask of thin glass of suitable 
 capacity, add to it 200 parts or 10 fl. ounces of distilled Water, 
 and afterwards the Iodine ; shake the mixture occasionally 
 until the reaction ceases and the solution has acquired a green 
 color, and lost the odor of Iodine. Place the Sugar in a por- 
 celain capsule, and filter the solution of Iodide of Iron into 
 the Sugar. Rinse the flask and Iron Wire with 90 parts or 4 
 fl. ounces of distilled Water, and pass the washings through 
 the filter into the Sugar. Stir the mixture with a porcelain or 
 wooden spatula, heat it to boiling on a sand bath, and having 
 strained the syrup into a tared bottle, add enough distilled 
 Water to make the product weigh 1000 parts or measure 2 
 pints. Lastly, shake the bottle, and transfer its contents to 
 small vials, which should be securely corked, and kept in a 
 cool, dark place. 
 
 This Syrup contains 10 per cent, of Ferrous Iodide. The 
 Br. and German contain only about 5 per cent. The 1880 
 preparation contains more Sugar than the 1870, and is there- 
 fore a more stable preparation. The dose is 15 to 60 minims. 
 
 Many methods have been proposed for preventing the 
 decomposition and change of color of Syrup of Iodide of 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 801 
 
 Iron, but if carefully made by the present official formula, 
 and preserved as directed, it seldom changes. Should any 
 change be noticeable, a very small crystal of Ferrous Sulphate 
 will generally restore it. A so-called " Tasteless Syrup of 
 Iodide of Iron " (which see) is furnished by manufacturing 
 chemists, and is quite popular with many physicians. 
 
 3136. Syrupus Ferri Oxydati Solubilis. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Saccharated Oxide of Iron, \ 
 
 o f of each equal parts by 
 
 \Y™ e p r,* '. ; ; ; ; •; ; f wd § ht - 
 
 Mix them and dissolve. It contains I per cent, of Iron and 
 is given as a mild ferruginous tonic. The dose is a teaspoonful 
 
 3137. Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis. Br. 
 
 Granulated Sulphate of Iron, . . . 224 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, 200 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 56 grains. 
 
 Concentrated Phosphoric Acid (Br. P.), \)/± fl. ounces. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the salts separately, mix, and wash the precipitate 
 as directed page 37, press the residue and dissolve it in the 
 Phosphoric Acid, filter the solution, add the Sugar, and dis- 
 solve, making the measure 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 This contains about one grain of Phosphate of Iron in a 
 fl. drachm. 
 
 This Syrup is much more readily prepared by mixing 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . 2 fl. drachms. 
 Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Or, by dissolving Phosphate of Iron in scales 128 grains in 
 6 fl. ounces hot Water, adding 14 ounces av. of Sugar, and then 
 enough Water to make a pint. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an iron tonic. 
 
802 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3138. Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae 
 
 Phosphatum. U. S. 
 
 Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron (scale salt), 133 parts or 200 grains. 
 
 Quinine, 133 parts or 200 grains. 
 
 Strychnine, 4 parts or 6 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, .... 800 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 6000 parts or 21 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient 
 
 quantity to make . . . 10000 parts or 2 pints. 
 Add the Phosphate of Iron to 2500 parts, or y 2 pint of dis- 
 tilled Water in a tared bottle large enough to hold the finished 
 Syrup and agitate freely until the salt is dissolved. Having 
 added the Phosphoric Acid to the solution, triturate the Qui- 
 nine and Strychnine gradually with the mixture in a mortar 
 until they are dissolved, then return the solution to the bottle 
 and add enough Distilled Water to make the liquid weigh 4000 
 parts or measure 12 fl. ounces. Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve 
 it by agitation, without heat, and filter through paper. Keep 
 the Syrup in well-stopped vials in a cool, dark place. 
 
 This new official is entirely unlike the unofficial prepara- 
 tions bearing the same name. In making it the new officinal 
 Phosphate of Iron in scales is to be used, and the alkaloids 
 Quinine and Strychnine ; the Phosphoric Acid is also the new 
 officinal 50 per cent, solution. 
 
 The unofficial preparation of this name is more familiarly 
 known as Easton's Syrup, the formula for which is as follows : 
 
 3139. Syrup Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 Easton's Syrup. 
 This preparation has been much used in the past, but is now superseded 
 by the U. S. official syrup. As some druggists may still wish to prepare it, 
 the formula is given : 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 1% ounce av. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 1 }( ounce av. 
 
 Quinine (alkaloid), 1 ounce av. 
 
 Strychnine (alkaloid), 8 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid (1880) 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar 4 pounds av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 803 
 
 Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and the Phosphate of Sodium each separately 
 in a quart of water, add the Iron solution to the Sodium solution gradually 
 and with constant stirring, and wash the precipitate as directed (page 37) 
 until the washings are tasteless ; then collect the precipitate, drain and press 
 quickly, and dissolve in the Phosphoric Acid. Add sufficient Water to the 
 solution to make 36 fl.ounces, dissolve the Quinine and Strychnine in the 
 Solution, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful, as a tonic, containing about 1 grain each Iron and Quinine, and ^ 
 grain Strychnine. 
 
 3140. Syrupus Hemidesmi. Br. 
 
 Syrup of Hemidesmus — {Indian Sarsaparilld). 
 
 Hemidesmus Root, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Infuse the Hemidesmus Root in the Water in a covered 
 vessel for 4 hours and strain. Set it by till the sediment sub- 
 sides ; then decant the clear liquid, add the sugar and dissolve 
 by aid of a gentle heat. This is used as an alterative and 
 blood purifier. The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 Syrup of Sarsaparilla of any other kind may be made in the 
 same proportions and manner. 
 
 3141. Syrupus Hypophosphitum. 
 
 Syrup of Hypophosphites. 
 The U. S. official formula is : 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium 
 
 (Lime), 35 parts or 700 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium 
 
 (Soda) 12 parts or 240 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potas- 
 sium, 12 parts or 240 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid, 1 part or 20 grains. 
 
 Spirit of Lemon, .... 2 parts or 48 minims. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 500 parts or 23 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity 
 
 to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Hypophosphites and dissolve them by trituration 
 in 350 parts, or one pint, of Water. Should there be any 
 
804 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 residue undissolved allow the solution to settle, pour off nearly 
 all of it and add the Citric Acid so that it may be dissolved. 
 Then, having mixed the liquids, add the Spirit of Lemon and 
 filter through paper, adding enough Water through the filter 
 to make the whole weigh 500 parts or measure 21 fl. ounces. 
 In this liquid dissolve the Sugar by agitation or percolation, 
 without heat, and strain. Keep in well-stopped bottles. This 
 is employed as a nutritive and tonic, especially for wasting 
 diseases. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 This Syrup has been in use for many years, under the gene- 
 ral title of Syrup of Hypophosphites Compound, or Churchill's 
 Syrup. The title " Syrup of Hypophosphites" seems insuffi- 
 cient, as there are so many combinations called by that gene- 
 ral name. Physicians prescribing Syrups of Hypophosphites 
 should state the combination they desire by designating the 
 Hypophosphite Salts, otherwise much confusion will result. 
 
 In the officinal formula Citric Acid is used instead of Hypo- 
 phosphorous Acid, which is usually directed in unofficinal 
 formulae, and which seems more appropriate in the preparation. 
 Formulae for the various combinations of Hypophosphites in 
 syrups will be found further on in unofficial Syrups. 
 
 3142. Syrupus Hypophosphitum cum Ferro. 
 
 Syr up of Hypophosphites with Iron. 
 
 The U. S. P. formula is: 
 
 Lactate of Iron, 1 part or 96 grains. 
 
 Syrup of Hypophosphites, . . 99 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Lactate of Iron in the Syrup by trituration, 
 and keep the Syrup in well-stopped bottles. 
 
 This Syrup is also a new official, being designed to take 
 the place of the popular unofficial "Syrup of Hypophosphites 
 of Lime, Iron, Soda, and Potassa." 
 
 Lactate of Iron is made to take the place of freshly precipi- 
 tated Hypophosphite of Iron, which has usually been directed 
 in the unofficinal formulae. 
 
 This is given as a nutritive tonic in doses of a teaspoonful 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 805 
 
 3143. Syrupus Ipecacuanhas. 
 
 Syrup of Ipecac. 
 
 The U. S. formula is: 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, . 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 95 parts or 25 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The present official Fluid Extract will mix with syrup and 
 make a transparent preparation, because, by the process of 
 preparing it, the resinous matter is removed; but the 1870 
 Fluid Extract and most manufacturers will make a " muddy" 
 preparation, because of the precipitation of the resin of the 
 Fluid Extract which is held in solution. 
 
 The druggist may readily ascertain if his fluid extract con- 
 tains resin by adding a few drops of it to water. If it contains 
 resin it will have a muddy or cloudy appearance; if free from 
 it, the result will be a clear solution. If it contains resin, the 
 syrup should be made as follows : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, ..... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 13 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Mix the Extract with the Water and half of the Sugar, and 
 allow to stand until the Sugar is dissolved, then filter, add the 
 remainder of the Sugar and dissolve by percolation or gentle 
 heat, adding water if necessary to make two pints. 
 
 If it is desired to make the Syrup of Ipecac from the root 
 insteadsof the fluid extract, it may be made by the following 
 formula : 
 
 Ipecac, in moderately fine powder, . . 8 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 7 pounds av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the Ipecac with the Alcohol and pack moderately 
 in the water-bath percolator: pour upon it 4 ounces of Water 
 and set in a warm place for 24 hours; then heat very moder- 
 ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to 
 the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until two 
 
806 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 pints have passed. Evaporate this by means of a water-bath 
 — boiling it for a few moments — to a pint, and when cool 
 filter, add to the filtrate enough Water to make 60 fl. ounces 
 and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by gentle heat, or water- 
 bath percolation. The product should be one gallon of Syrup. 
 Lastly, while still warm, put it in half-pint well-stopped bottles, 
 and set away in a cool place. 
 
 Syrup of Ipecac made and preserved in this manner will 
 keep for years. It is given as an emetic in doses of ^ to 1 
 teaspoonful, repeated in 15 minutes if necessary, and is used 
 in cough remedies. 
 
 The German Syrup of Ipecac contains only 1 per cent, of 
 Ipecac. The Br. P. contains no formula for it. 
 
 3144. Syrupus Krameriae. 
 
 Syrup of Krameria (Rliatany). 
 
 Fluid Extract Krameria, . 35 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 65 parts or 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 As this Syrup is so little used, it is much more convenient 
 to prepare it from the Fluid Extract as required ; 3 parts or 
 fl. drachms of the Fluid Extract to 5 parts or fl. drachms of 
 Syrup makes the preparation in the proper proportion. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an astringent. 
 
 3145. Syrupus Lactucarii. 
 
 Syrup of Lactucarium. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Lactucarium, 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, . 95 parts or 29 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is used as an anodyne in doses of 1 to 3 fl.drachms. 
 
 3146. Aubergier's Syrup of Lactucarium. 
 
 This preparation is much used in Europe and is occa- 
 sionally called for in this country. Prof. Proctor, in the 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 807 
 
 A. J. P. 1866, page 290, furnished the following formula for 
 its preparation : 
 
 Lactucarium (German), y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, I ounce av. 
 
 Syrup, 4^ pints. 
 
 Citric Acid, in powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, ) , „. . . 
 
 \ each a sufficient quantity. 
 Water, ... I 
 
 Triturate the Lactucarium with the Sugar until reduced to 
 powder, put it into a funnel-shaped percolator, pour on diluted 
 Alcohol until the Lactucarium is nearly exhausted, or until 10 
 fl. ounces have passed, evaporate to 2 fl. ounces and add it to 
 the Syrup, previously heated by boiling, and mix. Continue 
 the ebullition slowly until the whole measures 4 pints and 6 
 fl. ounces. Then add the Citric Acid and strain, and, lastly, 
 when nearly cool, the Orange Flower Water, and mix them. 
 
 This preparation is much inferior in strength to the officinal 
 preparation. 
 
 3147. Syrupus Limonis. 
 
 Syiup of Lemon. 
 
 Lemon Juice, recently ex- 
 pressed and strained, . . 40 parts or 17 fl. ounces. 
 Lemon Peel, fresh, ... 2 parts or I ounce av. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 Water enough to make . .100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Heat the Lemon Juice to the boiling point, then add the 
 Lemon Peel and let the whole stand closely covered until cold, 
 filter, add enough Water through the filter to make the filtrate 
 measure 17 fl. ounces, dissolve the Sugar in the filtered liquid 
 by agitation, without heat, and strain. 
 
 Syrup of Lemon will not keep long during the summer 
 months. It is better preserved if put up hot, in small bottles, 
 and kept in a cool place. 
 
 The Br. formula is Lemon Juice 20 fl. ounces, Lemon Peel 2 
 ounces av., Sugar 2]/^ pounds av., made in the same manner. 
 
808 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3148. Syrupus Liquiritiae. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Liquorice Root. 
 
 Russian Liquorice Root, 20 parts. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 10 parts. 
 
 Water, 100 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 parts. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 100 parts. 
 
 Macerate the Liquorice Root in the mixed Water of Ammo- 
 nia and Water for 10 hours, then express, heat the liquid 
 once to boiling, and evaporate on a steam-bath to 10 parts ; 
 to this add the alcohol, set aside for 12 hours, then filter and 
 add to the filtrate enough Syrup to make 100 parts. This is 
 used as a vehicle for bitter medicines and as a demulcent in 
 cough mixtures, etc. 
 
 3149. Syrupus Mannae. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Manua. 
 
 Pure Manna, 10 parts. 
 
 Water, -40 parts. 
 
 Sugar, 50 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Manna in the Water, filter and dissolve the 
 Sugar in the filtrate. This is slightly laxative. 
 
 3150. Syrupus Menthae. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Peppermint. 
 
 Peppermint, cut, IO parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 5 parts. 
 
 Water, 50 parts. 
 
 Sugar, 60 parts. 
 
 Moisten the Peppermint with the Alcohol, then add the 
 Water, allow to stand one day, strain without pressure, and to 
 40 parts of the liquid add the Sugar, dissolve by gentle heat 
 and when cold strain or filter. 
 
 A great many other Syrups of Aromatic herbs may be pre- 
 pared in the same manner. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 809 
 
 3151. Syrupus Mori. Br. 
 
 Syr up of Mulberries. 
 
 Mulberry Juice, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 36 ounces av. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Heat the Juice to the boiling point and when cool, filter. 
 Dissolve the Sugar in the filtered Liquid with the aid of heat 
 and, when cool, add the Spirit. The dose is a fl. drachm or more. 
 
 3152. Syrupus Papaveris. 
 
 The Br. formula is : 
 
 Poppy Capsules freed from the seeds, 
 
 and in No. 20 powder, 18 ounces av. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Mix the Poppy Capsules with 40 fl. ounces of the Boiling 
 Water and infuse for 24 hours, stirring frequently; then pack 
 in a percolator, and adding some more of the Water, allow 
 the liquid to pass slowly until exhausted, or until about 160 
 fl. ounces have passed. Evaporate this percolate by water- 
 bath to 44 fl. ounces, and when cold add the Spirit, allow to 
 stand 12 hours, filter, distill off the Spirit, evaporate the re- 
 maining liquor to 20 fl. ounces, add the Sugar and dissolve. 
 The dose is 1 fl. drachm as an anodyne, etc. 
 
 The German Pharmacopoeia directs this to be made the 
 same as Syrup of Peppermint (which see). This is not official 
 in the U. S. P. 
 
 3153. Syrupus Picis Liquidae. 
 
 Syrup of Tar. 
 
 Tar, 6 parts or 2^3 ounces av. 
 
 Cold Water, .... 12 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
 Boiling Distilled Water, 50 parts or 22 fl. ounces. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 
 
 Upon the Tar contained in a suitable vessel, pour the Cold 
 Water and stir the mixture frequently during 24 hours; then 
 
810 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 pour off the water and throw it away. Pour the Boiling Dis- 
 tilled Water upon the residue, stir the mixture briskly for 
 fifteen minutes and set it aside for 36 hours, stirring occasion- 
 ally. Decant the solution and filter. Lastly, in forty parts, 
 or 17 fl. ounces of filtered solution, dissolve the Sugar by agita- 
 tion, without heat. U. S. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Fcnner s Formula. 
 
 Tar, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cold Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Pine Sawdust, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Pour the Cold Water upon the Tar and stir the mixture 
 occasionally during 24 hours ; then pour off the water and mix 
 the Tar intimately with the Pine Sawdust and pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint of Boiling 
 Water and keep at a moderate heat for 2 hours, then pour on 
 more Boiling Water and begin to percolate, adding water and 
 continuing the heat and percolation until 20 ounces have 
 passed. Allow the percolate to stand until cool, then filter off 
 a pint and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, by agitation or 
 percolation. This is much used in cough mixtures, etc. 
 
 3154. Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. 
 
 Syrup of Wild Cherry. 
 1880. 
 Wild Cherry, in No. 20 
 
 powder, 12 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 60 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quan- 
 tity to make about . 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Wild Cherry thoroughly with Water and mace- 
 rate for 24 hours in a close vessel, then pack it firmly in "a 
 cylindrical glass percolator and gradually pour Water upon it 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 811 
 
 until 15 ounces of percolate are obtained. Dissolve the Sugar 
 in the liquid by agitation without heat, add the Glycerin and 
 strain. U. S. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Wild Cherry, in No. 20 powder, . . 5^ ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Wild Cherry with six ounces of Water, and 
 allow it to stand in a warm place for 24 hours in a covered 
 vessel ; then pack in the water-bath percolator, pour a pint of 
 Water upon it and heat very moderately, not over 100 F., for 
 one hour, then begin to percolate, and continue the heat and 
 percolation, adding Water to the drug, if necessary, until 14 
 fl. ounces have passed, dissolve the Sugar in the percolate while 
 still warm, and add the Glycerin. Keep in small, well-stopped 
 bottles in a cool place. Prepared and preserved in this man- 
 ner this Syrup will keep through the summer. 
 
 If the heat is kept within the limit mentioned, a much better 
 preparation will result than when made by the cold process ; 
 but too high a degree of heat vaporizes the Hydrocyanic Acid 
 which has been developed by moistening the drug, and injures 
 the preparation. 
 
 This Syrup is much used as a sedative in cough remedies. 
 
 3155. Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae. G. P. 
 
 Syrup of Buckthorn. 
 
 This Syrup is officinal in the German Pharmacopoeia and is 
 quite frequently called for in this country. It is made from 
 the fresh juice of Buckthorn Berries, which is not obtainable 
 in this country, by dissolving 65 parts of Sugar in 35 parts of 
 the juice. We, therefore, have to depend upon the imported 
 syrup, which can be obtained of wholesale druggists. Fluid 
 Extract and Elixir of Buckthorn made from the Bark or 
 Berries are now extensively used, and have nearly superseded, 
 in this country, the Syrup made from the fresh juice. 
 
812 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3156. Syrupus Rhei. 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb. 
 
 The U. S. P. formula is: 
 
 Rhubarb, sliced, ... 90 parts or 3^$ ounces av. 
 Cinnamon, bruised, . . 18 parts or 340 grains. 
 Carbonate of Potassium, 6 parts or 112 grains. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 27 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quan- 
 tity to make .... 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Rhubarb, Cinnamon and Carbonate of Potassium 
 with 420 parts or 20 fl. ounces of Water, and macerate the 
 mixture in a glass or porcelain vessel for twelve hours. Then 
 strain and filter, adding through the dregs, if necessary, enough 
 Water to make the filtered liquid weigh 400 parts or measure 
 a pint. Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, with- 
 out heat, and strain. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Rhubarb, in No. 20 powder, ... 4 ounces. 
 
 Cinnamon, in No. 20 powder, . . . 360 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, 120 grains. 
 
 Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix the Rhubarb and Cinnamon ; dissolve the Carbonate of 
 Potassium in 4 ounces of Water, and, having moistened the 
 drugs with the solution, set in a warm place in a closed vessel 
 for 12 hours, then pack moderately in the water-bath percola- 
 tor, pour upon them a pint of Water and heat very moderately 
 for one hour ; then begin to percolate, adding Water to the 
 drugs if necessary, and continue the heat and percolation until 
 a pint of the percolate has passed; while still warm dissolve 
 the Sugar in the liquid by agitation, and filter. 
 
 This will be found much superior to the U. S. process for 
 making this Syrup. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Rhubarb, Coriander, each 2 ounces av., 
 Refined Sugar 24 ounces av., Rectified Spirit 8 fl. ounces, Dis- 
 tilled Water 24 fl. ounces. Percolate with the mixed Spirit and 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 813 
 
 Water. Evaporate the percolate to 14 fl. ounces, filter, and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 
 
 The German formula is very much like the U. S. 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb is much used as a stomachic and for 
 bowel troubles, acting first as a purgative and then as an 
 astringent. The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 3157. Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. 
 
 Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb — Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. 
 The U. S. P. formula of 1870 was: 
 
 Rhubarb, in No. 50 powder, 600 grains. 
 
 Cloves, in No. 50 powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon, in No. 60 powder, .... 60 grains. 
 
 Nutmeg, in No. 50 powder 60 grains. 
 
 Syrup, 3 pints. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. ' 
 Mix the powders, and, having moistened the mixture with a 
 fl. ounce of Diluted Alcohol, introduce it into a conical perco- 
 lator and pour Diluted Alcohol upon it until a half pint of 
 tincture has passed ; add this to the Syrup, previously heated, 
 and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 The U. S. P. formula of 1880 is: 
 
 Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, 10 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 90 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb with the Syrup. 
 As the Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb is the same as is pro- 
 duced by percolating the drugs with Diluted Alcohol in the 
 1870 formula, the resultant preparation is very nearly the same 
 in both cases. A formula for preparing this Tincture by water- 
 bath percolation will be found under the head of Tinctures. 
 
 3158. Syrupus Rhceados. Br. 
 
 Syrup of Red Poppy. 
 
 Fresh Red Poppy Petals 13 ounces av. 
 
 Refined Sugar 36 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 2 l / z fl. ounces. 
 
814 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 Add the petals gradually to the Water heated in a' water- 
 bath, frequently stirring, and afterwards, the vessel being re- 
 moved, infuse for 12 hours, then press out the liquor, strain, 
 add the Sugar and dissolve by heat ; when nearly cold add the 
 Spirit and enough Water to make the product weigh 58 ounces 
 av. This is used for imparting a red color to Syrups, and as 
 a mild anodyne. Dose 1 fl. drachm or more. 
 
 3159. Syrupus Rosae. 
 
 Syrup of Rose. 
 
 This Syrup in the 1870 U. S. P. was called Syrupus Roscz 
 Gallicce, or Syrup of Red Rose. It was prepared by percolat- 
 ing 2 troyounces of Red Rose petals with Diluted Alcohol, 
 reserving the first fl. ounce, evaporating the next 5 ounces that 
 passed to 1^ ounces and mixing with 7 ounces of Water; 18 
 troyounces of Sugar was then dissolved in the liquid by gentle 
 heat, and when cold the first one ounce reserved was added 
 and thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The present officinal formula is as follows : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Rose, . . 10 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
 Syrup, 90 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is used for coloring and flavoring. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2 ounces av. of dried Red Rose Petals to 
 be infused for 2 hours in 20 fl. ounces of Water, then pressed 
 and the liquid heated to boiling, filtered, and 30 ounces of 
 Sugar dissolved in the filtrate. 
 
 3160. Syrupus Rubi. 
 
 Syrup of Rubus {Blackberry). 
 Fluid Extract of Rubus (Blackberry), . 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The fluid extract designated is made from Blackberry Root. 
 A Syrup of Blackberry for flavoring Soda Water and for other 
 purposes is also made from the fruit. 
 
 This is used as an astringent for diarrhoea, etc. Dose a tea- 
 spoonful or more. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 815 
 
 3161. Syrupus Rubi Idaei. 
 
 Syrup of Raspberry. 
 
 The U. S. P. formula is as follows: 
 
 Fresh ripe Raspberries, any convenient quantity. 
 Sugar, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Reduce the Raspberries to a pulp and let it stand at rest for 
 three days. Separate the juice by pressing and set it aside 
 until it has completely fermented and become clear, and then 
 filter. To each pint of the filtered juice then add 25 ounces 
 av. of Sugar, heat to boiling, avoiding the use of tinned vessels, 
 and strain. Keep the Syrup in well-stopped bottles in a cool, 
 dark place. The G. P. formula is about the same. 
 
 This is evidently given as a representative formula for Fruit 
 Syrups, and although it makes a good Syrup it does not retain 
 the natural flavor of the fruit as does a Syrup made from the 
 juice without being fermented. See formulas for Fruit Syrups. 
 
 3162. Syrupus Sarsaparilla Compositus. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, .... 150 parts or 25 ounces av. 
 
 Guaiacum Wood, . . 20 parts or T>/i ounces av. 
 
 Pale Rose, .... 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, . . 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 Senna, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sassafras, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Anise, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Gaultheria, .... 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 600 parts or 100 ounces av. 
 
 Water, . . . ) each, sufficient to make 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, I 1000 parts or about 7 pints. 
 
 (The drugs should all be about No. 30 powder.) 
 Mix the solid ingredients except the Sugar with three pints 
 of Diluted Alcohol and macerate the mixture for forty-eight 
 hours; then transfer it to a cylindrical percolator, pack it 
 firmly, and gradually pour Diluted .Alcohol upon it until 6 
 pints of tincture have been obtained. Evaporate this portion, 
 by means of a water-bath, to 3 pints, add a pint of Water, and 
 filter, adding enough Water through tin- filter to make 4 pints. 
 
816 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, 
 and strain. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Other formulas for Syrup Sarsaparilla Compound will be 
 found among the Standard Remedies. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, . . 25 ounces av. 
 
 Guaicum Wood, in No. 30 powder, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Pale Rose, in No. 30 powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in No. 30 powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Senna, in No. 30 powder, .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sassafras, in No. 30 powder, ... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Anise, in No. 30 powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring (see below), . y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 6yi pounds av. 
 
 Water, . . . ) „ . 
 
 „.. . . , , , I each, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, ) n ' 
 
 Mix the solid ingredients, except the Sugar, and moisten 
 them with \ l / 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol, set in a covered 
 vessel in a warm place for 12 hours, then transfer to the water- 
 bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them 2 pints of 
 Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for 24 hours; then 
 heat moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding 
 Diluted Alcohol to the drugs and continuing the heat and 
 percolation until 6 pints of the tincture have passed. Distill 
 off three pints of Alcohol, by means of the water-bath and 
 still, add a pint of Water to the residue and filter, adding 
 enough Water though the filter to make the measure 4 pints. 
 Mix the Sarsaparilla Flavoring with 4 ounces of the Sugar and 
 dissolve this with the remainder of the Sugar in the liquid by 
 percolation or agitation. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring, or Essence of Sarsaparilla, is the 
 same as is used for flavoring Soda Water Syrups, and is made 
 as follows : 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Cologne Spirit, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 817 
 
 Mix, and, if necessary, filter through a little Carbonate of 
 Magnesium. 
 
 3163. Syrupus Scillae. 
 
 Syrup of Squill. 
 The U. S. P. formula is as follows : 
 
 Vinegar of Squill, ... 40 parts or 1 pint. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 
 Water, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Heat the Vinegar of Squill to the boiling point in a glass or 
 porcelain vessel and filter while hot, adding enough Water 
 through the filter to make the filtrate weigh 40 parts or mea- 
 sure a pint ; add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without 
 heat, and strain. 
 
 The Br. formula is about the same. This is used for coughs, 
 in doses of J / 2 to a teaspoonful. 
 
 3164. Syrupus Scillae Compositus. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Squill {Hive Syrup). 
 The U. S. P. formula is : 
 
 Squill, 120 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Senega, 120 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and 
 
 Potassium, .... 3 parts or 28 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 1200 parts or 26 ounces av. 
 
 Precipitated Phosphate 
 
 of Calcium, .... 9 parts or 90 grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, ) each sufficient to make 
 Water, . . . 1 2000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 The drugs should be in No. 30 powder. 
 
 Mix the Squill and Senega, and, having moistened the mix- 
 ture with half a pint of Diluted Alcohol, macerate for an hour, 
 then transfer the mixture to a conical percolator and gradually 
 pour upon it Diluted Alcohol until one and a half pints of 
 tincture are obtained. Boil this portion for a few minutes 
 and then evaporate it by means of a water-bath to half a pint, 
 having added three ounces of boiling Water, triturate the 
 mixture with the precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, and add, 
 
818 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 through the filter, enough warm Water to make the whole 
 measure one pint. In this dissolve the Sugar by agitation, 
 without heat, and strain. Lastly, dissolve the Tartrate of 
 Antimony and Potassium in a fl. ounce of hot Water, and mix 
 the solution thoroughly with the Syrup. U. S. 1880. 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Squill, in No. 20 powder, .... 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Senega, in No. 30 powder, . . . 2^2 ounces av. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, 32 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, ( , „ . 
 
 > each, sufficient. 
 Water, . . . . ) 
 
 Mix the Squill and Senega, moisten with 5 fl. ounces of 
 Diluted Alcohol, and set in a covered vessel for 12 hours; 
 then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack very moder- 
 ately, pour upon it a pint of Diluted Alcohol, and set in a 
 warm place for 24 hours ; then heat very moderately, and after 
 one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and 
 continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half of 
 the percolate has passed. Distill off 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol, 
 and boil the residue for 15 minutes; then evaporate it to half 
 a pint and filter, adding enough Water through the filter to 
 make 15 fl. ounces. In this dissolve the Sugar by percolation 
 or agitation, and having dissolved the Tartrate of Antimony 
 and Potassium in an ounce of hot Water, add to the Syrup 
 and mix thoroughly. 
 
 This is much used as a cough Syrup and emetic, in doses of 
 ]/ 2 to a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3165. Syrupus Senegae. 
 
 Syrup of Senega — 1880. Syrup of Seneka — 1870. 
 The U. S. P. 1880 formula is : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senega, . 160 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, . . 4 parts or 90 rrtinims. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extract with 12 ounces of Water, add the 
 
 Water of Ammonia, shake the mixture well, and let it stand 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 819 
 
 for a few hours ; then filter, adding enough Water through the 
 filter to make ij fl. ounces. To the filtered solution add the 
 Sugar and dissolve by agitation or percolation, without heat, 
 and strain. This contains 16 per cent of Senega. 
 
 The G. P. preparation contains only 5 per cent, of Senega. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Senega, in No. 40 powder, ... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 1 % fl. drachm. 
 
 Sugar, 28 ounces av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the drug with 8 fl.ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 let stand for 12 hours, then pack moderately in the water-bath 
 percolator; pour upon it the remainder (8 fl.ounces) of the 
 Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for one day; then 
 heat very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, 
 adding Water to the drug, and continuing the heat and perco- 
 lation until a pint of the tincture has passed ; boil this for 15 
 minutes to coagulate the albumen and starchy matter, continue 
 the evaporation by gentle heat until the liquid is reduced to 
 half a pint, and filter through muslin, without pressure, adding 
 a little Water through the filter to preserve the measure. To 
 the filtered liquid add 8 ounces of Water and the Water of 
 Ammonia, and, after standing 3 or 4 hours, filter through 
 paper and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation or 
 percolation. 
 
 This is a tonic expectorant much esteemed in cough mix- 
 tures. Dose ]/ 2 to 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 3166. Syrupus Sennae. 
 
 Syrup of Senna. 
 
 The U. S. P. 1880 formula is: 
 
 Senna, bruised, . . . . 33 parts or 16 ounces av. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 29 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 parts or 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Coriander, ... 8 minims. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
820 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 Digest the Senna in five pints of Water, at a temperature 
 not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.), for 24 hours, express and strain 
 the liquid ; digest the mass with 2 pints of Water, at the same 
 temperature, for 24 hours, express and strain as before, mix 
 the strained liquids and evaporate the mixture to 15 fl. ounces. 
 When cold add the Alcohol, previously mixed with the Oil of 
 Coriander, and filter through paper, adding, through the filter, 
 enough Water to make the whole measure 17 fl. ounces. Then 
 add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation or percolation, and 
 strain. 
 
 As this Syrup is about one-half the strength of the Fluid 
 Extract, it .seems an unnecessary officinal. It may be made 
 extemporaneously by mixing equal measure of Fluid Extract 
 of Senna and Syrup. 
 
 It may also be made by water-bath percolation. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is about the same. The G. P. prepara- 
 tion contains only 10 per cent, of Senna. The dose as a laxa- 
 tive is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 3167. Syrupus Tolutanus. 
 
 Syrup of To I u. 
 As the U. S. P. 1870 formula for Syrup of Tolu is generally 
 preferred, both that and the 1880 formula are given. 
 
 U. S. P. 1870 FORMULA. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu (U. S. 1870), . . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 120 grains. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 28^ ounces av. 
 
 Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Tincture of Tolu first with the Carbonate of Mag- 
 nesium and 2 ounces of the Sugar, and then with the Water, 
 gradually added, and filter. To the filtered liquid add the re- 
 mainder of the Sugar, and, having dissolved it with the aid of 
 a gentle heat, strain the solution while hot. 
 
 U. S. P. 1880 FORMULA. 
 Balsam of Tolu, .... 4 parts or 1^ ounces av. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28 ounces av. 
 Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 821 
 
 Mix the Sugar with 13 fl. ounces of Distilled Water, add the 
 Balsam- and digest the whole in a covered vessel, at a tempera- 
 ture not exceeding 82 C. (180 F.), for 2 hours. When cold, 
 strain through a well-wetted muslin strainer, adding enough 
 Water through the strainer to make the Syrup measure 2 
 pints, and mix thoroughly. 
 
 The formula of 1870 is much to be preferred, both on ac- 
 count of the manner of making and the quality and appear- 
 ance of the finished Syrup. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is about the same as the U. S. 1880. 
 
 3168. Syrupus Zingiberis. 
 
 Syrup of Ginger. 
 As the Syrup of Ginger of the U. S. P. 1870 and 1880 differ 
 considerably, both formulas are given, the 1870 formula being 
 generally preferred. 
 
 U. S. P. 1870 FORMULA. 
 Fluid Extract of Ginger, .... 3 fl. drachms. 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 60 grains. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 26 ounces av. 
 Water, I pint. 
 
 Rub the Fluid Extract of Ginger with the Carbonate of 
 Magnesium and 2 ounces of the Sugar, and then with the 
 Water, gradually added, and filter. To the filtrate add the 
 remainder of the Sugar, and, having dissolved it with the aid 
 of gentle heat, strain the solution while hot. 
 
 U. S. P. 1880. 
 Fluid Extract of Ginger, . 2 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 30 ounces av. 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Rub the Fluid Extract of Ginger with 12 ounces of Sugar 
 and expose the mixture to a heat not exceeding 6o° C. (140 
 F.) until all the Alcohol has evaporated. Then mix the resi- 
 due thoroughly by agitation with 15 ounces of Water and filter 
 the liquid, adding through the filter enough Water to make 
 the whole measure 22 fl. ounces. Finally, add the remainder 
 of the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, and filter. 
 
822 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 As with Syrup of Tolu, the 1880 formula is no improvement 
 over the 1870, in fact makes a much less desirable preparation 
 and takes more time and trouble. 
 
 The 1870 formula may be made without the use of heat, by 
 percolation or agitation. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is strong Tincture of Ginger 6 fl. drachms, 
 Syrup 19 fl. ounces. This is used as a stimulant and stomachic, 
 in doses of I or 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Unofficial Syrups. 
 
 Besides the foregoing syrups official in the U. S., Br. and 
 German Pharmacopoeias, a great many which are not official 
 are much used. These include the syrups of vegetable sub- 
 stances which are popular or convenient ; the syrups of 
 chemical substances, which are mostly included in the prepara- 
 tions of elegant pharmacy; syrups used for soda water and 
 other beverages, and a great variety of other syrups which 
 have been introduced into pharmacy and medicine, because of 
 their value, utility or application. The following are those 
 most used : 
 
 Syrups of Vegetable Substances. 
 
 These syrups are arranged in classes according to their 
 methods of preparation, medicinal strength, etc. 
 
 3169. Syrup Adiantum or Maiden Hair. 
 
 Maiden Hair Fern 1 ounce av. 
 
 Boiling Water, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 17 ounces av. 
 
 Pour the Boiling Water on the drug and infuse for half an hour, then 
 strain, and dissolve the Sugar in 9 fl.ourices of the liquid. 
 
 This is used for coughs, etc.; the dose being from a teaspoonful to a 
 tablespoonful. It is also known as Syrup Capillaire. It may be flavored 
 with orange flower or other aromatic water. 
 
 3170. Syrup Carrageen or Iceland Moss. — Soak first in Water, and pour off 
 to deprive of bitterness. Then make as above. 
 
 3171. Syrup Corsican Moss, or Helminthocortus. Make as above. 
 
 3172. Syrup Liquorice Root, or Glycyrrhiza, and of other similar sub- 
 stances which make demulcent syrups are prepared in the same manner. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3173. Syrup Aniseed. 
 
 Aniseed in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Water 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 Pour the boiling Water on the drug and infuse by gentle heat in a covered 
 vessel for two hours, then strain and in 10 fl.ounces of the strained infusion 
 dissolve the Sugar. This is a representative of a great number of aromatic 
 syrups that may be made from seeds, fruit, and other substances. The 
 following Syrups are made in the same manner : 
 
 3174. Syrup Caraway or Carum. 
 
 3175. Syrup Cardamom or Cardamomum. 
 
 3176. Syrup Cloves or Carophylles. 
 
 3177. Syrup Coltsfoot or Tussilagino. 
 
 3178. Syrup Cubeb or Cubebae. 
 
 3179. Syrup Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus Globulus. 
 
 3180. Syrup Fennel or Foeniculum. 
 
 3181. Syrup Gillinia. 
 
 3182. Syrup Hyssop or Hyssopus. 
 
 3183. Syrup Juniper Berries. 
 
 3184. Syrup Sweet Flag or Calamus. 
 
 3185. Syrup Violets. — Fresh flowers 8 ounces ; dried, 2 ounces. 
 
 3186. Syrup Anthemis. 
 
 Syrup of Chamojnile. 
 
 Chamomile Flowers 1 ounce av. 
 
 Boiling Water, 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 Pour the Boiling Water upon the drug and infuse for two hours in a 
 covered vessel, then strain and in 9 fl.ounces of the strained infusion, dissolve 
 the sugar. 
 
 This is representative of a great many syrups that may be prepared from 
 herbs, flowers, leaves, roots, barks, etc. 
 
 The following syrups may be prepared in a similar manner : 
 
 3187. Syrup Bark or Chinchona. 
 
 3188. Syrup Bayberry Bark. 
 
 3189. Syrup Blackberry Root or Rubus. 
 
 3190. Syrup Bloodroot or Sanguinaria. 
 
 3191. Syrup Colchicum. 
 
 3192. Syrup Dulcamara or Bitter Sweet. 
 
 3193. Syrup Calls or Nutgalls. 
 
 3194. Syrup Hoarhound or Marrubium. 
 
 3195. Syrup Jalap. 
 
 3196. Syrup Lobelia. 
 
824 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3197. Syrup Pipsissewa or Chimaphila. 
 
 3198. Syrup Saffron. 
 
 3199. Syrup Valerian. 
 
 3200. Syrup Vanilla, and many others. 
 
 3201. Syrup Asparagus. 
 
 Asparagus Juice, clarified, 9 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 17 fl.ounces. 
 
 The juice is first clarified by heating almost to boiling and straining. The 
 Sugar is then dissolved in 9 flounces of the clarified juice by gentle heat. 
 
 Other syrups are prepared from fresh juices of succulent plants in a similar 
 manner. The following are made in this manner : 
 
 3202. Syrup Fumitory. 
 
 3203. Syrup Hounds Tongue. 
 
 3204. Syrup Hedge Mustard. 
 
 3205. Syrup Symphytic. — Comfrey Juice and Plantain Juice each equal 
 parts with Sugar, as above. 
 
 3206. Syrup Asafetida. 
 
 Asafetida, in powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 6 drachms. 
 
 Boiling Water, 10 fl.ounces. 
 
 Essence of Peppermn: 1 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the Asafetida with the Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar and add 
 the Boiling Water ; when cool add the Essence of Peppermint, filter, adding 
 water enough through the filter to make 9 fl.ounces, and dissolve the Sugar 
 in the filtrate by agitation. 
 
 Other syrups may be prepared from gum-resins, balsams, etc., in the same 
 manner, omitting the Essence of Peppermint. 
 
 3207. Syrup Ammoniac. 
 
 3208. Syrup Balsam Peru. 
 
 3209. Syrup Benzoin. 
 
 3210. Syrup Canada Balsam. 
 
 321 1. Syrup Copaiba. 
 
 3212. Syrup Guaiacum. 
 
 3213. Syrup Liquidambar or Sweet Gum. 
 
 3214. Syrup Belladonna. 
 
 Fluid Extract Belladonna 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Water, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 Mix the fluid extract with the water, filter and dissolve the Sugar in the 
 filtrate. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 825 
 
 This is representative of a great many syrups that may readily be made 
 from fluid extracts in this manner, such as : 
 3215 Syrup Digitalis or Foxglove. 
 
 3216. Syrup Guarana or Paulinia?. 
 
 3217. Syrup Hydrastis or Golden Seal. 
 
 3218. Syrup Hyoscyamus or Henbane. 
 
 3219. Syrup Stramonium or Datura, 
 
 and many others of similar strength and character. 
 Syrups may be made from less active drugs by taking 
 
 Fluid Extract of Drug, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, 7 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 and making a syrup in the same manner as the foregoing. 
 
 3220. Syrup Opium. 
 
 Aqueous Extract of Opium 128 grains. 
 
 Water, warm 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the extract with the water until dissolved, filter and dissolve the Sugar 
 in the filtrate. Dose, from half to a teaspoonful. 
 
 Many other syrups of Extracts may be made in the same manner, using 
 such a quantity of the extract that a teaspoonful will contain the ordinary 
 dose of the medicine. 
 
 The following are examples : 
 
 3221. Syrup Conium, 128 grains extract in a pint. 
 
 3222. Syru Coca or Erythroxylon 1 ounce extract in a pint. 
 
 3223. Syrup Euonymus yi ounce extract in a pint. 
 
 3224. Syrup Liquorice Extract, 1 ounce extract in a pint. 
 
 3225. Syrup Taraxacum or Dandelion, 2 ounces extract in a pint. 
 
 Many others may be made in a similar manner. 
 
 3226. Syrup Svapnia. 
 
 Svapnia 128 grains. 
 
 Hot Water 9 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar 17 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the Svapnia to a fine powder and dissolve in the Hot Water, filter the 
 solution and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. Dose, a half to a teaspoonful. 
 
 Svapnia is a proprietary preparation of purified opium made by evapor- 
 ating a purified solution of opium and pouring upon glass. It is used for the 
 same purposes as Opium. 
 
SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 Compound Vegetable Syrups. 
 
 The following are the principal unofficial Compound Vegetable Syrups : 
 
 3227. Antiscrobutic Syrup. — Scurvygrass, Watercresses, Horseradish, 
 fresh, of each, 10 ounces ; Buckbean 1 ounce, Bitter Orange 2 ounces, 
 Cinnamon ]/ z ounce, White Wine 45 fl.ounces. Macerate 2 days, then 
 distill off 10 ounces av. and add to the distillate 25 ounces av. of Sugar. 
 Strain the residue left after distilling, clarify with White of Egg, and add to 
 the syrup prepared from the distillate. Dose, 2 to 4 drachms. 
 
 3228. Syrup Aralia Compound — Alterative Syrup. — This may be made 
 by mixing 
 
 Fluid Extract Spikenard Compound (1615), . . . . 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup 12 fl.ounces. 
 
 or by making an extract of the ingredients as directed (161 5), distilling off 
 the Alcohol and making 4 pints of syrup with Sugar and Water. This is 
 the Eclectic Syrup Aralia or Spikenard Compound, much esteemed as an 
 alterative. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3229. Syrup Artemisia Compound — Syrup of Mugwort Compound. — 
 Fresh tops of Mugwort, Pennyroyal, Catnip and Savine, each 2 ounces av. ; 
 fresh roots of Elecampane, Lovage, and Fennel, each 88 grains ; fresh tops of 
 Marjoram, Hyssop, Rue, Feverfew, and Basil, of each 1 ounce av. ; Aniseed 
 % ounce, Cinnamon X ounce, Rectified Spirit 3 ounces, Water 30 ounces, 
 Syrup of Honey 12^ ounces av. Infuse the plants with the Water and 
 spirit, and after standing 24 hours distill over 4 fl.ounces, press the residue, 
 clarify the liquid with White of Egg, add Sugar, 25 ounces av., make into 
 a syrup, add the Syrup of Honey, and lastly the distilled liquid, and strain. 
 The dose is 2 to 8 drachms as an aromatic tonic and bitter. 
 
 3230. Syrup Asarum Compound. — Macerate i]4 ounce av. of-Asarum 
 (Canada Snakeroot or Wild Ginger), with 10 fl.ounces of Diluted Alcohol. 
 Pour off the liquid and reserve. Then add 4 fl.ounces of Water, macerate 
 and express, adding the liquid to the portion reserved. To this add 40 
 grains Cochineal in powder, 75 grains Carbonate of Potassium, Wine of 
 Ipecae 1 fl.ounce, and 28 ounces of Sugar, dissolve and strain. This is used 
 in cough mixtures, and as a fine aromatic. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3231. Syrup Blackberry Aromatic. — This syrup may be made by mixing: 
 Fluid Extract of Blackberry Aromatic (1 581), .' . . 2 fl.ounces. 
 Syrup, 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Or by making an extract of the ingredients as directed (161 5), distilling off 
 the Alcohol and making 1 gallon of syrup with Sugar and Water. It may 
 also be made by adding 2 fl.ounces of Fluid Extract of Blackberry and % 
 ounce Fluid Extract of Aromatics to 14 fl.ounces of syrup. 
 
 3232. Syrup Carrageen Compound — Compotmd Syrup of Iceland Moss. 
 — Pour Cold Water on l A ounce of Iceland Moss and let stand 12 hours, 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 827 
 
 then pour off and throw away. Boil Hoarhound yi ounce, Liverwort y 2 
 ounce and the softened Carrageen with i pint of Water for 20 minutes or 
 more, then strain 12 fl. ounces and dissolve in the liquid 24 ounces av. of 
 Sugar. This is an excellent demulcent cough syrup. Dose, a teaspoonful 
 or more. 
 
 3233. Syrup Ceanothus Compound — Compound Syrup of Red-root. — 
 Tops and leaves of Red-root or Ceanothus, Wild Lettuce, each 1 ounce av. ; 
 Cimicifuga y z ounce, Pleurisy Root, Wild Ginger Root, each % ounce ; 
 Lobelia, Bloodroot, each 1 drachm. Make an extract with Diluted Alcohol, 
 distill off the Alcohol and make 2 pints of syrup with the residue, Sugar and 
 Water. 
 
 This is used as a cough remedy. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3234. Syrup Corydalis Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Turkey Corn. 
 
 Turkey-corn Tubers, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Twin Leaf (Jeffersonia Diphylla), 5 ounces av. 
 
 Blue Flag, 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Sheep Laurel Leaves, i l / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 6 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and cover them with Alcohol. 
 Macerate for 24 hours, then put in the water-bath percolator. Draw off the 
 Alcoholic tincture, and reserve. Continue the percolation with Water until 
 exhausted. Evaporate the last portion of the percolate to a thin extract, add 
 the reserved percolate and enough Water to make the measure 5 pints, after 
 standing, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by percolation or very 
 gentle heat. 
 
 This syrup is much esteemed by the Eclectics as an alterative and diuretic 
 for scrofula, syphilis, etc. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3235. Syrup Liquorice Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Marshmellow Root, cut 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar ' 6 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 
 
 Ma< crate the drugs with Warm Water enough to cover them well, pouring 
 off the liquid after standing a few hours, and repeating the operation until 
 one gallon is obtained, evaporate to 4 pints, strain, add one pint of Alcohol, 
 and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by percolation or gentle heat. 
 
 This is an excellent demulcent syrup for coughs, etc., and a vehicle for 
 quinine without any objectionable qualities. 
 
828 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3236. Syrup Marrubium Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Hoarhound — Pulmonary Syrup. 
 
 This may be made by mixing 3 fl.ounces of Fluid Extract of Hoarhound 
 Compound ( 1 597). with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
 filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract from the drugs 
 directed for making the fluid extract (1597), and making with it, by the 
 addition of Sugar and Water, 5 ]/ 2 pints of Syrup. 
 
 This is an excellent tonic cough syrup for pulmonary affections. The dose 
 is a teaspoonful. 
 
 3237. Syrup Mitchella Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Partridgeberry or Squaw Vine — Mother's Cordial. 
 
 This may be made by mixing y/ z fl.ounces of Fluid Extract Mitchella 
 Compound (1605) with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in 
 the filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract of the drugs as 
 directed in the formula (1605), and by the addition of Water and Sugar, 
 making 5 pints of syrup. 
 
 This syrup is an Eclectic preparation much esteemed as a parturient and 
 uterine tonic. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3238. Syrup Opium and Ipecac. 
 
 Dover s Syrup. 
 
 This may be prepared in several ways, all amounting to the same. The 
 following are the most expedient : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac 128 minims. 
 
 Aqueous Extract of Opium 75 grains. 
 
 Syrup • . . 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Extract of Opium with the fluid extract and a portion of the 
 syrup until dissolved, then add the remainder of the syrup. Or by mixing 
 
 Deodorized Tincture of Opium 2^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac 128 minims. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 This syrup contains the equivalent of 10 grains of Dover's Powder in a 
 teaspoonful or fl. drachm, the usual dose. 
 
 3239. Syrup Phytolacca Compound. 
 
 Co77ipound Syrup of Poke. 
 
 This may be made by mixing 3 fl.ounces Fluid Extract of Poke Compound 
 (1607) with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving 14 ounces av. of 
 Sugar in the filtrate, or by making an extract of the drugs directed (1607), 
 and with Water and Sugar making 5>£ pints of syrup. 
 
 This is an Eclectic Syrup used as an alterative. The dose is a teaspoonful 
 or more. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3240. Syrup Rhubarb and Potassium. 
 
 Neidralizi7ig Cordial. 
 
 Rhubarb in very coarse powder 5 ounces av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 5 ounces av. 
 
 Golden Seal, in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 30 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 1% pint. 
 
 Sugar, 6 pounds av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Pack the drugs loosely in the water-bath percolator and having mixed the 
 Alcohol with a pint and a half of Water, pour enough of the liquid on 
 them to saturate and cover them. Let stand for 24 hours, and having dis- 
 solved the Bicarbonate of Potassium in the remainder of the liquid pour it 
 upon the drugs ; heat very moderately, and after an hour begin to percolate, 
 reserving all that will pass. Remove the heat and continue the percolation 
 with water until the drugs are exhausted. Evaporate this latter portion to 
 iy 2 pints. Dissolve the Oil of Peppermint in the portion first reserved, add 
 the evaporated portion and enough Water to make 5 pints, filter and dissolve 
 the Sugar in the filtrate. 
 
 This is a valuable Eclectic preparation, much used for dyspepsia and acid 
 stomach. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3241. Syrup Rumex Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Yellow Dock — Scrofulous Syrup. 
 
 This may be made by mixing 5 fl. ounces Fluid Extract Rumex Com- 
 pound (1610) with 5 fl. ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
 filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar. 
 
 Or by making an extract of the drugs directed (1610), and with Water and 
 Sugar making 4 pints of syrup. 
 
 This is an Eclectic syrup much esteemed as a blood-purifier, alterative, 
 etc. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. Iodide of Potassium 
 may be added 1 or 2 drachms in a pint, if desired. 
 
 3242. Syrup Stillingia Compound. 
 
 Compound Syrup of Queen's Root. 
 
 This may be prepared by mixing 4 flounces of Fluid Extract of Stillingia 
 •Compound (161 7) with 5 fl. ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
 filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract from the drugs 
 directed (1617) and with Water and Sugar making 4 pints of syrup. 
 
 This is a valuable alterative syrup and blood-purifier first introduced by 
 ilu- " Eclectics." It is much more effective than Syrup Sarsaparilla Com- 
 pound, and is given in scrofula, syphilis, etc. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 .tablespoonful. Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 
 
830 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3243. Syrup Yerba Santa Compound or Aromatic. 
 
 Verba Santa, coarsely ground, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Orange Peel, in coarse powder ]/ z ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Cloves, in powder 60 grains. 
 
 Magnesia, Calcined % ounce av. 
 
 Sugar 28 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, { . . - . 
 
 ,,- . c of each sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Water, * v 
 
 Mix one part of Alcohol by measure with 7 parts of Water. Mix the drugs 
 with the Magnesia, moisten with sufficient of the mixed Water and Alcohol 
 and pack in the water-bath percolator, cover with the menstruum and allow 
 to stand 24 hours. Then heat very moderately and begin to percolate, adding 
 the menstruum and continuing the percolation until a pint is obtained, filter 
 this, adding a little more magnesia to the filter if necessary to make clear, 
 and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by gentle heat or by percolation. 
 
 This syrup is one of the best known vehicles for quinine, as it almost 
 entirely masks its bitterness. It may also be used for bronchial affections. 
 
 Syrups of Chemical Substances. 
 
 The following are unofficial syrups prepared from chemical 
 substances, for which there is a demand in this country, most 
 of them being known as elegant pharmaceutical preparations. 
 They are, therefore, given more prominence than other un- 
 official syrups. A great number used in French pharmacy 
 cannot be mentioned here. 
 
 3244. Flavored Syrup. 
 
 For making syrups of chemical substances as well as for 
 other uses, a flavored simple syrup, which may be used in the 
 same manner as the official simple syrup, is desirable. The 
 following will be found suitable for this purpose : 
 
 Elixir Flavoring (508), I fl. ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, .... y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 8 pounds av. 
 
 Rub the Elixir Flavoring with the Carbonate of Magnesium 
 in a mortar, add about one-third of the Water gradually, and 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 831 
 
 rub them well together ; add the mixture to the remainder of 
 the Water, and after standing a day or two, filter and dissolve 
 the Sugar in the filtrate, by percolation or agitation. 
 
 3245. Syrup Bromide of Iron (Tasteless.) 
 
 Besides the official syrup Bromide of Iron (3134) a so-called 
 tasteless syrup is made as follows : 
 
 Bromide of Iron, 384 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, \y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring (510), .... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 7 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
 Bromide of Iron and then the Soluble Flavoring, and filter. 
 Dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Bromide of Iron. Dose 20 to 
 60 minims. 
 
 3246. Syrup Bromide of Morphine. 
 
 Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine in y£ ounce of Warm Water, and add 
 to the syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains )/% grain Bromide of Morphine. Dose 
 a teaspoonful. 
 
 3247. Syrup Bromide of Quinine. 
 
 Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Water 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring (5 10), I fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Bromide of Quinine in the Water by the aid of 
 heat, add the Flavoring, and dissolve the Sugar in the solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine. Dose, 
 a teaspoonful. 
 
832 SYRUPI— SYRUPS. 
 
 3248. Syrup Bromide of Quinine and Morphine. 
 
 Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Syrup Bromide of Quinine (3247), . . 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bromide of Morphine in ^ ounce of Hot 
 Water and add to the syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine, ]/z grain 
 Bromide of Morphine. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 3249. Syrup Bromide of Quinine, Mor- 
 
 phine, and Strychnine. 
 
 Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Solution of Strychnine (1942), .... 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Syrup Bromide of Quinine (3247), ... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine Salt in % ounce of Hot Water, and 
 
 add the solution with the Solution of Strychnine to the syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine, ]/% grain 
 
 Bromide of Morphine, and -^ grain Strychnine. Dose, a 
 
 teaspoonful. 
 
 3250. Syrup Bromide of Strychnine. 
 
 Bromide of Strychnine, 4 grains. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine in ^2 fl. ounce of Boiling Water and 
 add to the syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ^ grain of the Strychnine Salt. Dose, 
 a teaspoonful. 
 
 3251. Syrup Bromide of Strychnine 
 
 and Morphine. 
 
 Bromide of Strychnine, 4 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Bromides in y 2 fl. ounce of Boiling Water and 
 add to the syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains ¥ ^ grain Strychnine and l /% grain Mor- 
 phine Bromides. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 833 
 
 3252. Syrup Bromide Strychnine, Iron 
 
 and Quinine. 
 
 Bromide of Strychnine, 2 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Iron 256 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 7 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
 Iron Salt, then the Bromides, and dissolve by gentle heat, then 
 add the Flavoring and Sugar. 
 
 A fl. drachm represents -2 grains Bromide of Iron, I grain 
 Bromide of Quinine and ^ grain Bromide of Strychnine. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 3253. Syrup Bromide of Sodium. 
 
 Bromide of Sodium 640 grains. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, . • 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Water, add the flavoring and dis- 
 solve the Sugar in the solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the Sodium Salt. Dose, a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Syrups of other Bromides, as Syrup Bromide of Potassium, 
 Syrup Bromide of Ammonium, etc., may be made in the same 
 proportion and manner. 
 
 3254. Syrup Citrate of Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
 
 Hot Water I fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron Salt in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful or two. 
 
834 SYRU PI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3255. Syrup Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine 256 grains. 
 
 Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 3256. Syrup Citrate of Iron, Quinine and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Solution of Strychnine (1942), . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
 Syrup Citrate of Iron and Quinine (3255), 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron 
 and Quinine and y^-g- grain Strychnine. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful. 
 
 3257. Syrup Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Strychnine, . . . 256 grains. 
 
 Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the Hot Water and add the Syrup. 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron and Strychnine 
 Citrate. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 3258. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime). 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, .... 384 grains. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Salt to a powder and triturate in a mortar with the 
 Water until dissolved, add the Soluble Flavoring, filter, and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate without heat. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Hypophosphite of Calcium. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 835 
 
 3259. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium and 
 
 Sodium. 
 
 Syrup HypopJwsphites of Lime and Soda. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, 384 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium 256. grains. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the salts to a fine powder and dissolve by rubbing 
 with the Water, add the Flavoring and filter, then dissolve the 
 Sugar in the filtrate without heat. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the Hypophosphites. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3260. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium, 
 
 Sodium, and Potassium. 
 
 Syrup Hypophosphites Lime, Soda, and Potassa — Compound 
 Syr tip of HypopJwsphites. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium, .... 64 grains. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the salts to a fine powder and then with the Water until 
 dissolved ; add the Flavoring, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in 
 the filtrate without heat. 
 
 3261. Syrup Hypophosphites of Calcium, 
 
 Sodium, Potassium, and Iron. 
 
 Syrup Hypophosphite Lime, Soda, Potassa, and Iron. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 
 Syrup Hypophosphites Compound (3260), 15 11. ounces. 
 .Mix then). A ll. drachm contains about 4^ grains of Hypo- 
 phosphites. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
836 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3262. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Hypophosphite of 
 Iron. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3263. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron and 
 
 Calcium. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium (3258), 15 fl. ounces. 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Iron and about 
 3 grains of Calcium Hypophosphite. Dose, a teaspoonful or 
 more. 
 
 3264. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron and 
 
 Manganese. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), I fl. ounce. 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese 
 
 (1929), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of the Hypo- 
 phosphites. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3265. Syrup Hypophosphite of Manganese. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese 
 
 (1929), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Hypophosphite 
 of Manganese. The dose is a teaspoonful or a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3266. Syrup Hypophosphite of Sodium. 
 
 Syrup HypopJiosphitc of Soda. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, 256 grains. 
 
 Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 837 
 
 Dissolve the Salt in the hot Water, strain, and mix the solu- 
 tion with the Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Hypophosphite of Sodium. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 3267. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound with 
 Quinine and Strychnine. 
 
 This combination has of late become very popular as a 
 nutritive tonic, and has, to a large extent, taken the place of 
 other compound Syrups of Hypophosphites. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Calcium, ... 4 ounces av. 
 
 Hypophosphite of Sodium, ... 2 ounces av. 
 Hypophosphite of Potassium, . . y^ ounce av. 
 Hypophosphite of Manganese, . . % ounce av. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . I ounce av. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 8 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Citric Acid, 40 grains. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 10 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 7 pounds av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in 8 fl. ounces of Water, and rub 
 the Strychnine in a mortar with the solution until dissolved, 
 then add the Quinine and Salicylic Acid to the solution, and, 
 having transferred to a bottle, add 3 pints more of Water. 
 Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder and add to the 
 solution in the bottle. Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in 8 
 fl. ounces of hot water, and add to the solution in the bottle. 
 When all the salts are dissolved, filter the solution and dissolve 
 the Sugar in the filtrate, making up the measure to 1 gallon 
 with Water. If desired this may be flavored with 4 fl. ounces 
 of Soluble Flavoring, but as found in the market it is usually 
 without flavor. 
 
 This is similar in composition to the proprietary Fellows' 
 Syrup of Hypophosphites Compound. The dose is a teaspoonful 
 to a dessertspoonful. A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains of 
 the mixed Hypophosphites. 
 
838 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3268. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, 
 
 with Lactopeptine. 
 
 Syrup Hypophosphites Compound (3260), 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Hypophosphorous Acid I fl. ounce. 
 
 Water. 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Lactopeptine with the Water, add the Acid and 
 heat gently by water-bath until dissolved, strain the solution 
 and add to the Syrup, mixing them thoroughly. 
 
 3269. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, Iron, 
 
 Quinine, and Strychnine. 
 
 Quinine (Alkaloid), 60 grains. 
 
 Strychnine (Alkaloid), 1 grain. 
 
 Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928^. . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Hypophosphorous Acid, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine and Strychnine in the Hypophosphor- 
 ous Acid by very gentle heat and add to the Syrup, then add 
 the Iron Solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain of Quinine, 1 grain Iron, and 
 y^-g grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 3270. Syrup Iodide of Calcium. 
 
 Syrup Iodide of Lime. 
 
 Iodide of Calcium (Lime\ ...... 256 grains. 
 
 Warm W^ater, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Calcium Iodide by rubbing with the Water 
 and add the solution to the flavored Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iodide of Calcium. This 
 Syrup is given as an alterative in doses of a teaspoonful or 
 more. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 839 
 
 3271. Syrup Iodide of Iron (Tasteless). 
 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron, 256 grains. 
 
 Warm Water, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Iodide with the Water and add the solution to the 
 Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Tasteless Iodide of 
 Iron. This is given as a tonic and resolvent in doses of a tea- 
 spoonful or more. It has not the disagreeable taste of the 
 official Syrup Iodide of Iron. 
 
 3272. Syrup Iodide of Iron and Manganese. 
 
 Iodide of Iron (tasteless), 128 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Manganese, 128 grains. 
 
 Warm Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Iodides with the Water and add the solution to the 
 Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iodide of Iron and Man- 
 ganese. The dose is a teaspoonful as a tonic and alterative. 
 
 3273. Syrup Iodide of Manganese. 
 
 Iodide of Manganese, 256 grains. 
 
 Warm Water, t fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodide by rubbing with the Water, and add the 
 solution to the Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iodide of Manganese. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful, as a tonic. 
 
 3274. Syrup Iodide. of Starch. 
 
 Iodide of Starch, 16 grains. 
 
 Flavored Syrup 1 11. ounce. 
 
 Rub them well together. 
 
 Id this the Iodide of Starch Is suspended in the Syrup, and it 
 
 should be shaken when taken or dispensed. A colorless syrup 
 
840 ' SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 may be made by adding 128 grains Hyposulphite of Sodium, 
 but this produces a Syrup of Iodide of Sodium instead. 
 
 The Syrup Iodide of Starch may be given in doses of 1 to 
 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 3275. Syrup of Iron and Sodium Albuminate. 
 
 " Nitrogenized Irony 
 
 Chloride of Iron (the salt), 128 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Albumen (white of egg), 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Solution of Soda (1915), q. s., about . . 2 fl. ounces. 
 Mix part of the Glycerin with the White of Egg and dis- 
 solve the Iron by gentle heat in the remainder ; add the solu- 
 tion of Iron thus prepared to the mixture of Glycerin and 
 Albumen, stirring them well together for an hour or two, and 
 forming a semi-solid gelatinous mass ; then add the Solution 
 of Soda gradually, and with constant stirring, until the mass 
 is dissolved and the solution is neutral. Allow to stand a few 
 hours for the froth to subside, then pour off and strain. 
 
 In making this preparation it is necessary to have it neutral, 
 which may be determined by testing with litmus paper. If 
 not entirely liquid after standing a few hours it will be neces- 
 sary to add a little more Solution of Soda. This preparation 
 has a bland, sweet taste and a bright color. It is an excellent 
 iron tonic and nutritive, given in doses of a teaspoonful to a 
 tablespoonful, a fl. drachm containing 1 grain of the Iron salt. 
 
 3276. Syrup Dialysed Iron. 
 
 Solution Dialysed Iron (504), .... 640 minims. 
 Flavored Syrup, enough to make ... 1 pint. 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Solution Dia- 
 lysed Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3277. Syrup Lactate of Iron. 
 
 Solution Protoxide of Iron (1940), . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Lactic Acid, . . 90 minims. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains I crrain Lactate of Iron. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 841 
 
 3278. Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium 
 
 (Lime). 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (1931), 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. (See also 3129). A fl. drachm contains 2 grains 
 Lactophosphate of Calcium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 3279. Syrup Lactophosphate of Iron. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (1932), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate 
 of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful as a tonic. 
 
 3280. Syrup Lactophosphate of Iron and 
 
 Calcium (Lime). 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (.1932), . y 2 fl. ounce. 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (193 1), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 14^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Iron and 1 grain 
 Calcium Lactophosphates. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3281. Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium 
 
 and Pepsin. 
 
 Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium (3278), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup Pepsin (3288), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains about 1 grain Lactophos- 
 phate of Calcium and 2 grains Pepsin. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a dessertspoon ful. 
 
 3282. Syrup Lactophosphate of Manganese. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Manganese (1933), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate of 
 Manganese. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful 
 
 as a tonic. 
 
842 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3283. Syrup Lactophosphates Compound. 
 
 Syrup LactopJwspJiate Calcium, Iron and Manganese. 
 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (1932), . y 2 fl. ounce. 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (1935), 1 fl. ounce. 
 Solution Lactophosphate of Manganese (1933), y 2 fl. ounce. 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains x / 2 grain each Lactophos- 
 phate of Iron and Manganese, and 1 grain Lactophosphate of 
 Calcium. Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful as a tonic. 
 
 3284. Syrup Lactopeptine. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 384 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, i^fl. drachm. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Lactopeptine in the mixed liquids for 24 
 hours, with occasional agitation, then strain, and dissolve the 
 Sugar in the liquid. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3285. Syrup Lactopeptine Compound. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1935), . 1 fl. ounce. 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1936), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Potassium 128 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid i^fl. drachm. 
 
 Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 
 
 Water, 6% fl.ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rub the Lactopeptine and the salts together; mix the solu- 
 tions, add the Acid and Water, and add the powders to the 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. • 843 
 
 mixture. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain, add the flavoring 
 and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid. The dose is a teaspoon- 
 ful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3286. Syrup Morphine. 
 
 This may be made with either the Acetate, Hydrochlorate, 
 SulpJiate, or other soluble salt of Morphine, as follows : 
 
 The Morphine Salt, 16 grains. 
 
 Hot Water, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, I pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine Salt in the Hot Water and add to 
 the Syrup. A fl. drachm contains y% grain of the salt. The 
 usual dose is a teaspoonful, as an anodyne. 
 
 3287. Syrup Muriate of Ammonia. 
 
 Syrup Chloride of Ammonium. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium in powder, . . 640 grains. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the salt in the Water, filter, add the Flavoring and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the liquid. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3288. Syrup Pepsin. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, i fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin with the Water and add the Acid, let stand 
 until dissolved, strain, add the Flavoring, and dissolve the 
 Sugar in the liquid without heat. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 31^ grains Saccharated Pepsin. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
844 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 3289. Syrup Nascent Phenic Acid. 
 
 Pure Phenic or Carbolic Acid, .... 67 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Acid with the Glycerin in a mortar until dissolved, 
 and add to the Syrup. 
 
 This is somewhat heavier and of a different flavor than the 
 Syrup Pure Nascent Phenic Acid prepared by Declat Manufac- 
 turing Co., New-York, but contains the same quantity of the 
 acid. If desired like this, use double the quantity of Glycerin 
 with 1 ounce of Water and plain Syrup, flavoring with Essence 
 of Cognac, I fl. drachm. 
 
 The dose is a tablespoonful. 
 
 3290. Syrup Phosphate of Calcium. • 
 
 Syrup Phosphate of Lime. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1935), . 2 fl. ounces. 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of 
 Lime. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3291. Syrup Phosphate of Iron. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . i 1 /^ fl. ounces. 
 Flavored Syrup, 14^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This may also be prepared by dissolving 384 
 grains of Phosphate of Iron (the scale salt) in a fl. ounce of 
 boiling Water and adding to 14.% fl. ounces of Flavored Syrup. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 3 grains of Phosphate of Iron. The 
 dose is a teaspoonful or more. See also 3137. 
 
 3292. Syrup Phosphate of Manganese. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Manganese (1937), 1 fl. ounce. 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Man- 
 ganese. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls, as a tonic. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 845 
 
 3293. Syrup Phosphate of Manganese 
 Compound. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Manganese (1937), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, 128 grains. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Sodium Salt in half an ounce of hot Water 
 and add to the Syrup, then add the solutions and mix. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain each Iron, Manganese, and 
 Sodium Phosphates. Dose, a teaspoonful or two, as a tonic. 
 
 3294. Syrup Phosphates Compound. 
 
 Chemical Food. 
 
 Solution Phosphates Compound (1938), 2 fl. ounces. 
 Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and color with Red Coloring (442). The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful or two, as a tonic and vitalizer. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains of the mixed Phos- 
 phates in solution, with excess of Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 This Syrup has been a very popular preparation. The formula above 
 given is the most convenient, as the solution has only to be mixed with the 
 Syrup, the tedious process which was formerly used being avoided. As 
 some may wish to prepare this after the old method the formula is here 
 given. The following solutions are first made: 
 
 Sulphate of Iron 1 jounces. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 1 $ ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in half gallon hot Water, and mix with 1 gallon 
 Water in an earthen crock or other suitable vessel for precipitating. Dis- 
 solve the Sodium salt in half gallon hot Water, and add the Solution of Iron 
 to it in the jar. Agitate thoroughly and allow to stand a few hours for the 
 precipitate to subside, l'our off the Water, and pour upon the precipitate 
 1 gallon of fresh Water. Agitate, allow to stand as before, pour off the 
 Water, and pour the precipitate upon a cloth strainer to drain. (The object 
 of using the large amount of Water in the precipitating jar is to dissolve the 
 Sulphate of Sodium as soon as formed, and save the troublesome washing of 
 
846 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 
 
 the precipitate usually adopted.) As soon as the precipitate is drained, mix 
 it with 
 
 Water, 2 flounces. 
 
 Sugar 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 6 fl. drachms. 
 
 and dissolve. This makes a Solution of Phosphate of Iron with Hydrochloric 
 Acid. Then take of 
 
 Phosphate of Calcium (Lime) 1280 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, q. s., or 4 ounces. 
 
 Hot Water, 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix the Phosphate of Lime with the hot Water, and add enough Hydro- 
 chloric Acid to dissolve. (The amount depends upon the strength of the 
 Acid.) This makes a Solution of Phosphate of Lime with Hydrochloric Acid. 
 
 Then, to make the Syrup, take the 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron, as above. 
 
 The Solution Phosphate of Calcium (Lime), ... as above. 
 
 Diluted Phosphoric Acid 5 ounces. 
 
 Extract Vanilla 1 ounce. 
 
 Cochineal, powdered y z ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 160 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Potassium 80 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make 3 pints. 
 
 Sugar, ...'...■ 4>£ pounds av. 
 
 Mix the Solutions of Iron and Calcium, and add the Phosphoric Acid. 
 Dissolve the Phosphate of Sodium and Potassium in a little hot Water, and 
 add to the Solutions. Add the Vanilla and Cochineal, and then Water 
 enough to make the measure 3 pints. Allow to stand a few hours, to get 
 the color from the Cochineal, etc., and filter. Dissolve the Sugar in the 
 filtrate, and strain if necessary. 
 
 This makes a beautiful permanent Syrup. 
 
 Each fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Calcium, 1 grain Phosphate 
 Iron, with fractions of a grain of Phosphate of Sodium and Potassium, and 
 an excess of Acid. The Hydrochloric Acid in it is not objectionable and 
 makes the preparation permanent. 
 
 3295. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, diluted, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine Salt in the Acid and add the Syrup. 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine Salt. 
 
SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 847 
 
 3296. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine and Iron. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid, diluted, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine Salt in the Acid and add to the Syrup, 
 mix, then add the. Iron Solution. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Quinine. 
 
 3297. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine, Iron and 
 
 Strychnine. 
 
 Syrup Phosphate of Quinine and Iron (3296), 1 pint. 
 
 Solution of Strychnine (1942), 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Add the Strychnine Solution to the Syrup and mix them 
 thoroughly. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains I grain each Quinine and Iron and -^ 
 grain Strychnine. See also the official Syrup (3138). 
 
 This Syrup is known and often prescribed as Syrup Triple 
 Phosphates. 
 
 3298. Syrup Protoxide of Iron. 
 
 Solution Protoxide of Iron, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Flavored Syrup, 15 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Protocitrate of 
 Iron. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 3299. Syrup Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
 
 The Syrups of Pyrophosphate of Iron and combinations for 
 which formula have been given in previous issues of FENNER'S 
 FORMULARY are not here repeated, for the reason that much 
 more stable preparations may be made with the new Phos- 
 phate of Iron salt in scales of the U. S., 1880, Pharmacopoeia. 
 If desired, they may be made by adding Solution of Pyro- 
 phosphate of Iron, double the quantity as is directed of the 
 Phosphate to neutral Syrups. 
 
 Syrup Pyrophosphate of Iron may be made by adding 2 
 ll. ounces of the Solution to 14 fl.ounces of the Syrup. 
 
848 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 Soda Water Syrups. 
 
 A great variety of Syrups are used by those who dispense 
 Soda Water, for flavoring and sweetening the gaseous water. 
 Simple Syrup is used as a base and the flavoring ingredients 
 added. The flavoring consists of natural fruit juices, or vari- 
 ous solutions of oils or aromatic substances, ethers, etc., which 
 are mixed with the Syrup. 
 
 As these solutions are variously made and are of different 
 strength as prepared by different manufacturers, definite for- 
 mulas cannot be given for any except those flavorings which 
 are mentioned in this volume. It will, therefore, be under- 
 stood that in the formulas given it is expected that the flavor- 
 ings designated will be such as are made after the formulas 
 which are referred to — which may be either prepared as 
 directed or purchased of the Fenner Medicine Co. 
 
 3300. Syrup for Soda Water. 
 
 As a basis for the Syrups used for Soda Water a simple Syrup of good 
 body and quality, to which the flavoring ingredients are to be added, may be 
 made by druggists as follows : 
 
 Gelatin, Cooper's or Cox's ^ ounce av. 
 
 Water, 1 gallon. 
 
 Sugar, best white 10 pounds av. 
 
 Soak the Gelatin in a pint of Water for half an hour, then dissolve it by 
 the heat of a water-bath, and, while hot, strain into the remainder of the 
 Water through a coarse muslin strainer, stir thoroughly, add the Sugar, stir 
 until dissolved, strain and set away in a cool place. 
 
 The Syrup should be made of Crushed, Granulated, or "A" Coffee Sugar, 
 and the best water that can be conveniently obtained. It should be made in 
 well-tinned or zinced cans, or stone crocks ; a wooden vessel of any kind 
 imparts its peculiar flavor to Syrup after standing, and rapidly develops the 
 " acetic " change. The Syrup is best made by putting the proper amount of 
 water in a can or crock, adding the sugar a portion at a time, and stirring 
 with a stick until dissolved. A cover should be fitted to the can or crock, 
 and a stopcock can be placed at the bottom, or a dipper may be hung on the 
 inside always ready for use. 
 
 Syrup should not be made up in any large quantity (no more than enough 
 to last a week or ten days), and should always be made by the cold process. 
 
 Many druggists buy for this purpose the Double Refitted Rock Candy 
 Syrup made by Dryden & Palmer, of Baltimore, Md., or other similar Syrup. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 849 
 
 As this has no ingredients in it to make it " hold its foam " when the water 
 is drawn into it, " Soda Foam " must be added either to the simple Syrup or 
 when made up and flavored, the most convenient way being to add it to the 
 simple Syrup which is then all ready for use. This may be done by dissolv- 
 ing y/ 2 ounces av. of Gelatin in 2 quarts of Water and adding to 10 gallons 
 of the Syrup, while hot, or by adding the proper quantity of the prepared 
 Soda Foam. (3301.) 
 
 3301. Soda Foam. 
 
 If the Syrup used for Soda Water is prepared as directed (3300) no other 
 Foam will be necessary, but if the boughten Syrup is used it is necessary to 
 add something to make it retain its Foam. Gelatin may be used as directed, 
 but it is sometimes convenient to have a liquid Foam which may be added to 
 the Syrups as made up by the gallon. For this purpose the following for- 
 mulas may be used : 
 
 Soap Bark (Ouillaya. ground) 1 pound av. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Cover the Soap Bark, in a porcelain-lined vessel, with boiling Water and 
 infuse for 1 hour, then pour off the liquid and reserve. Pour fresh boiling 
 Water on the Bark and again infuse, and pour off as before, repeating the 
 operation three times; mix the decoctions obtained, and evaporate to \ l / 2 
 pint ; to this, when cool, add the Alcohol, and, after standing, filter. Add 1 
 ounce of this to a gallon of Syrup to make it foam. Acid Syrups require a 
 larger quantity. 
 
 A still better Foam, because it is nearly tasteless, may be prepared from 
 Soaproot, a species of California lily-bulb, using the same proportions and 
 making in the same manner as the foregoing. 
 
 3302. Fruit Acid. 
 
 Citric Acid 4 ounces av. 
 
 Hot Water 8 flounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Acid in the Water. This is used for giving an acid or sour 
 taste to Syrups, thereby making many of them more palatable. A more 
 concentrated solution like 1927 is more desirable, but the formula here given 
 is of the same strength as is generally prepared and used. _ The quantity to be 
 used is usually stated in the formula, but may be regulated to suit the taste. 
 
 3303. Fruit Juice Syrups. 
 
 For making; Fruit Syrups from juices a-- prepared (302S) it is only neces- 
 sary to mix the juices 1 part by measure with 5 parts by measure <>f Syrup 
 (3300). If they are desired of Stronger flavor mix one part of Juice with 4 
 parts of Syrup. 
 
850 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 Fruit Syrups may also be made from the freshly expressed juices by dis- 
 solving in them all the Sugar they take when made by the cold process, 
 which is about 14 pounds to each gallon of juice. 
 
 Syrups made from Fruit Juices are infinitely superior to any which can be 
 made from artificial extracts. 
 
 The following Fruit Syrups may be made from Fenner's Fruit Juices in the 
 manner above described, by mixing 1 measure of the Fruit Juice with 5 
 measures of Syrup : 
 
 Syrup Apricot, Syrup Mulberry, 
 
 Syrup Banana, Syrup Orange, 
 
 Syrup Blackberry, Syrup Peach, 
 
 Syrup Cherry, Black, Syrup Pear, 
 
 Syrup Cherry, Red, Syrup Pineapple, 
 
 Syrup Currant, Red, Syrup Plum or Prune, 
 
 Syrup Grape, Syrup Quince, 
 
 Syrup Huckleberry. Syrup Raspberry, Black, 
 
 Syrup Lemon, Syrup Raspberry, Red, 
 
 Syrup Lime, Syrup Strawberry. 
 
 3304. Ambrosia Syrup. 
 
 Raspberry Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Vanilla Extract, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 This is a rich, finely-flavored Fruit Syrup. Other Fruit Juices besides 
 those mentioned may be used. 
 
 3305- Apple Syrup. 
 
 Apple Essence (958) y z fl.ounce. 
 
 Cider, sweet, 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid 14 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 If sweet or bottled Cider is not readily at hand use 1 fl.ounce of the 
 Essence of Apple, and omit it. 
 
 3306. Apricot Syrup. 
 
 Apricot Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 2 pints. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Apricot Essence (958) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid y z fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 851 
 
 3307. Banana Syrup. 
 
 Banana Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid l / z fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Banana Essence (959) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid >£ fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 3308. Birch Beer Syrup. 
 
 Birch Beer Extract (952) 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Fruit Acid J^ fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix and color with Caramel. 
 
 3309. Ottawa Beer Syrup, from Ottawa Beer Extract (953). 
 
 3310. Peruvian Beer Syrup, from Peruvian Beer Extract (954). 
 
 331 1. Root Beer Syrup, from Root Beer Extract (955). 
 
 3312. Spruce Beer Syrup, from Spruce Beer Extract (956). 
 
 And others similar may be made in the same proportion and manner as Birch 
 Beer Syrup. Unless the business in Soda Water is quite large, it is much the 
 best way to have these in the form of Syrup as above, and draw the plain 
 Soda Water upon them the same as any other syrups. 
 
 3313. Blackberry Syrup. 
 
 Blackberry Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid X fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Blackberry Essence (960) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, >< fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 This may be colored with Caramel and Red Coloring. 
 
 3314. Brandy Syrup. 
 
 ic Essence % fl.ounce. 
 
 I '.randy 2 pints. 
 
 Fruit Acid 2 iLdrachm^ 
 
 Syrup 6 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
852 
 
 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 Other Liquor Syrups may be prepared with other liquors in a similar man- 
 ner, using the desired spirits and the essences of the kind required. Bour- 
 bon and Rye Whisky, Rum, and other liquors are made into syrups in this 
 way. They are usually sold under some fancy name. 
 
 3315. Calamus Syrup. 
 
 Calamus Essence (894) 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3316. Calisaya Syrup. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 10 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine 30 grains. 
 
 Fruit Acid 2 fi. drachms. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Dissolve the salts in the Acid and 1 ounce of Water, and mix with the 
 Syrup. Color red with Red Coloring. 
 
 3317. Calisaya Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Fenner's Calisaya Phosphate 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 7 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This is an excellent tonic, the valuable properties of Calisaya Bark being 
 combined with Phosphates Compound. 
 
 3318. Caraway Syrup. 
 
 Caraway Essence (895), 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3319. Catawba Syrup. 
 
 Catawba Grape Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Brandy }i pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Catawba Grape Essence (965) . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Other varieties of Grape Syrup may be made in the same manner by using 
 other grape juices. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 853 
 
 3320. Champagne Syrup. 
 
 Rhine Wine, 3 pints. 
 
 Pear Essence (972) y 2 fl .ounce. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3321. Cherry Syrup, Red or Black. 
 
 Cherry Juice. Red or Black 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. Made from true Cherry Juice, these Syrups are excellent. 
 Inferior Syrups may be made from the artificial extracts, as follows : 
 
 Black or Red Cherry Essence (961 or 978) 1 flounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3322. Cherry Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938), 1 flounce. 
 
 Cherry Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. This may be flavored stronger by adding % fl. ounce Cherry 
 Essence (961.) It is a popular drink at the fountain. 
 
 3323. Wild Cherry Syrup. 
 
 Fluid Extract Wild Cherry 8 fl. ounces. " 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Or, 
 
 Wild Cherry Essence (981) 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3324. Chocolate Syrup. 
 
 lemur's Perfection Cream Chocolate 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 3 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 The Perfection Chocolate (ream mentioned is a liquid emulsion of Choco- 
 late, made by grinding the finest Chocolate with Cum Syrups and Flavoring 
 Extracts through a mill specially constru ted for the purpose. It mixes with 
 
854 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 Syrup without separation, and can be drawn like any other Syrup from the 
 fountain. To make it successfully requires expensive machinery. Ordinary 
 Chocolate Syrup is made as follows : 
 
 Chocolate, i cake or 8 ounces av. 
 
 Vanilla Extract (940) 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 3^ pints. 
 
 Liquefy the Chocolate by a water-bath and gradually add the Syrup, stir- 
 ring them well together until all is added, strain through a wire sieve, and, 
 when nearly cold, add the Vanilla, mixing them well together. As thus 
 made the Syrup separates from the Chocolate after standing, and the mixture 
 must be shaken before using. 
 
 3325. Cinnamon Syrup. 
 
 Cinnamon Essence (897), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3326. Claret Syrup. 
 
 Claret, 2 pints. 
 
 Syrup, 4 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3327. Coffee Syrup. 
 
 Coffee Extract (932) 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This Syrup depends upon the strength of the Coffee Extract 
 used. It may be flavored to suit with any other good Extract of Coffee, or 
 as follows : 
 
 Java and Mocha Coffee, browned, each 4 ounces. 
 
 Boiling Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Make a decoction, strain and dissolve in the liquid 6 pounds of Sugar, and 
 add Soda Foam 1 ounce. 
 
 3328. Cognac Syrup. 
 
 Cognac Essence (902,) 1 flounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This may be improved by the addition of half a pint of 
 Brandy. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 855 
 
 3329. Cream Syrup. 
 
 Sweet Milk, fresh, 1 quart. 
 
 Corn Starch, y z ounce av. 
 
 Egg. l 
 
 Sugar, 1 y 2 pound av. 
 
 Vanilla Extract, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 5 grains. 
 
 Mix the Corn Starch with an ounce of Water, beat up the Egg thoroughly 
 and mix them, then heat the Milk with the mixture to make a custard. 
 When it has thickened, take off and add the Sugar and Salicylic Acid. 
 When cool add the Vanilla Extract. 
 
 As thus prepared this Syrup will keep for some time, but it is advisable to 
 make it fresh every morning for use during the day. This Syrup should not 
 be kept in the syrup cans but in a bottle on the ice. 
 
 Many do not make a Cream Syrup at all, but keep cream in a bottle handy, 
 which is added to the other Syrups as desired. 
 
 Cream Syrup is seldom drawn alone, but is mixed with other Syrups, as 
 Chocolate, Coffee, Vanilla, Strawberry, and, in fact, nearly all others. Some 
 druggists have the leading Syrups prepared already with cream, but it is not 
 advisable except for a very large business, as the cream or Cream Syrup 
 may readily be added to any other Syrup. 
 
 3330. Curacoa Syrup. 
 
 Curacoa Essence (904) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid y z fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This is similar to but of finer flavor than Orange. 
 
 3331. Currant Syrup, Red or Black. 
 
 Currant Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Currant Essence, Black or Red (962, 979) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3332. Don't Care Syrup. 
 
 Most any Syrup may be drawn when " Don't Care" is wanted. The fol- 
 lowing is a general favorite : 
 
 Wintergreen Essence, 1 ounce. 
 
 Vanilla Extract .... 2 ounces. 
 
 Syrup i gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
856 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3333- E &g Nogg Syrup, or Milk Punch Syrup. 
 
 Brandy, Jamaica Rum, each, 4 ounces. 
 
 Fresh Cream 1 pint. 
 
 or Milk 1 quart. 
 
 Eggs 2 
 
 Corn Starch 2 ounces. 
 
 Extract Vanilla (940), 1 ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 quart. 
 
 Beat the Eggs and the Corn Starch, and add the Milk ; heat to a custard, 
 stirring constantly ; when it thickens remove from the fire, cool, and add the 
 Brandy, Rum, and Vanilla Flavoring. 
 
 3334. Ginger Syrup. 
 
 Soluble Extract of Ginger (943) 4 rl. ounces. 
 
 Fruit Acid ]A. fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. Other Extracts of Ginger which are not " soluble " may be 
 used, but they do not make so good preparations. 
 
 3335- Ginger Ale Syrup. 
 
 Ginger Ale Extract (944), 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Fruit Acid >£ fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This is the most convenient manner of drawing Ginger Ale, 
 and gives as good satisfaction as when drawn from a separate fountain. 
 
 3336. Grape Syrup. 
 
 Grape Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. Any kind of Grape Juice may be made up into a Syrup; half 
 a pint of Brandy added improves the flavor. 
 An inferier Syrup may be made with 
 
 Grape Essence (965} 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, . . . . 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, ... 1 gallon. 
 
 3337. Grape Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Solution Phosphates Concentrated (938), .... \% fl.ounce. 
 
 Grape Juice 1 % pint. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This is a very popular Syrup. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 857 
 
 3338. Huckleberry Syrup. 
 
 Huckleberry Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. Blueberry Syrup, which is much the same, is made in the same 
 manner. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Blueberry Essence 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 3339- H oc k Syrup. 
 
 Hock Wine 2 pints. 
 
 Syrup 6 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3340. Lemon Syrup. 
 
 This is usually made with 
 
 Lemon Essence (910) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid \}4. fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 If Lemon Juice is used for making the Syrup, take 
 
 Lemon Juice, . * 1 pint. 
 
 Lemon Essence (910) ^ fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 A clear Syrup of Lemon may be made by taking- 
 Soluble Extract of Lemon (945) 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fruit Acid, i}4. fl.ounce. 
 
 or Lemon Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Lemon Syrup deteriorates rapidly, and the very best way to dispense it is 
 to have a bottle of Lemon Essence, with a squirt top, a bottle of Lemon 
 Juice, and plain Syrup ready at hand. The plain Syrup should be kept for 
 this and other purposes in one of the Syrup cans. Draw the Syrup in the 
 glass, add the Juice (some want it more acid than others), then the Essence, 
 and draw the gaseous water upon it as usual. 
 
 These same remarks apply also to Lime and Orange Syrups. 
 
 3341. Lemon Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Solution Phosphates Concentrated O93S) 2 B.ounces. 
 
 Lemon Essence (910) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
858 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3342. Lime Fruit Syrup. 
 
 Lime Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 This Syrup is strongly acid, which is as usually wanted when Lime Syrup 
 is ordered. It may be flavored more, if desired, by adding l / 2 flounce Lime 
 Essence (91 1 ). It is most convenient to have a bottle of Lime Juice handy, 
 and add to plain Syrup when wanted, as directed for Lemon Syrup. 
 
 3343. Lime Fruit Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Solution Phosphates Compound (1938) i fl. ounce. 
 
 Lime Fruit Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Lime Essence (911), 1 flounce. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 3344. Mace or Nutmeg Syrup. 
 
 Mace or Nutmeg Essence (91 1 or 914), i}4. fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This makes a fine addition to some of the other Syrups, but is 
 seldom used alone. 
 
 3345. Malt Tonic Syrup. 
 
 Liquid Malt Extract, 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3346. Malt Hop Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Fenner's Malt Hop Phosphate, 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 7 pints. 
 
 Mix them. This is an excellent tonic and restorative, and makes an attrac- 
 tive drink at the fountain. 
 
 3347- Maple Syrup. 
 
 Maple Syrup, with Soda Foam added, or Maple Sugar, y/ 2 pounds. 
 
 Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Dissolve by heat and add Soda Foam. 
 
 3348. Mulberry Syrup. 
 
 Mulberry Juice • . . . . 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 859 
 
 3349. Nectar Syrup. 
 
 Vanilla Extract (939) 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Pineapple Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Raspberry Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 This may be made, also, as follows : 
 
 Nectar Essence (968), 1 fi.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, yi fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 3350. Nectarine Syrup. 
 
 Nectarine Essence (969), 1 fi.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, ]/ z fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This may also be made from Nectarine Fruit Juice when it 
 can be obtained, in the same manner as other Fruit Syrups. 
 
 335 1 - Orange Syrup. 
 
 Orange Essence (915) 1 fi.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid %, fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 If Orange Juice is used for making the Syrup, take 
 
 Orange Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Orange Essence (915) ^"fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 It may be made, also, with 
 
 Soluble Extract of Orange (948), 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Fruit Acid >£ fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 This Syrup deteriorates by standing, and may best be dispensed as 
 directed after Lemon Syrup. 
 
 3352. Orange Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938), .... 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Orange Essence (915) i l / 2 fi.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This is quite a popular beverage. 
 
SCO 
 
 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3353. Maltese Orange Syrup. 
 
 Red Orange of Malta Syrup — Blood Orange Syrup. 
 
 < >range Essence (915), 1% fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid }4 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them, and color red with Cochineal Coloring. 
 
 3354. Orange Flower Syrup. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 4 pints. 
 
 This is sometimes added to other Syrups but is seldom dispensed alone. 
 
 3355. Orgeat Syrup. 
 
 Orgeat Essence (970) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 The plain Bitter Almond Syrup is frequently dispensed under this title. 
 
 Bitter Almond Essence (893) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 3356. Peach Syrup. 
 
 Peach Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made from 
 
 Peach Essence (971) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid l / 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3357. Pear Syrup. 
 
 Pear Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 A very good artificial Pear Syrup may be made with 
 
 Pear Essence (972) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid % fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3358. Pear Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Pear Essence (972) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This may also be made with Pear Juice 1 pint, Concentrated 
 Solution Phosphates 1 ounce, Syrup 5 pints. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 861 
 
 3359. Phosphate Syrups. 
 
 A great variety of Phosphate Syrups may be made by combining Concen- 
 trated Solution of Phosphates Compound (1938) with various Fruit Syrups, 
 etc. The principal ones have been mentioned under the heading of the 
 Syrup with which the combinations are made. The Phosphate Syrups are 
 much in demand and take well wherever introduced. 
 
 3360. Acid Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution of Phosphates (1938), ... 2 flounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 This may be flavored with any flavoring extract if desired, but for general 
 use is best kept plain as an addition to other Syrups, with which it may be 
 mixed equally. It can also be drawn and served with a dash of Lemon, 
 Orange, or Lime Fruit Essence, as wanted. 
 
 Another way, which is perhaps as good as any, is to mix i part of the 
 Concentrated Solution with 4 parts of Water and add this from a "squirt " 
 bottle to any desired Syrup to make the combination desired. This does 
 away with the necessity of keeping a variety of Phosphate Syrups already 
 made up. 
 
 3361. Pineapple Syrup. 
 
 Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid, . y z fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup of Pineapple may also be made with 
 
 Pineapple Essence (973) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid % fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 3362. Pineapple Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3363. Plum or Prune Syrup. 
 
 Plum or Prune Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 An inferior Syrup may be made from 
 
 Plum or Prune Essence (974 or 975) [fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid i fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
862 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3364. Quince Syrup. 
 
 Quince Juice , . . 1 pint. 
 
 Fruit Acid V* fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 5 P»nts. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A very good imitation of Quince may be made with 
 
 Quince Essence, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid • ^fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup I gallon. 
 
 3365. Raspberry Syrup, Red or Black. 
 
 Raspberry Juice, Red or Black 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 P ints - 
 
 Mix them. The Red Raspberry Syrup is considered the finest flavor of 
 any of the fruit syrups. Black Raspberry Syrup has a much different flavor 
 and a very dark color. 
 
 An inferior Syrup, imitating Raspberry, may be made with 
 
 Raspberry Essence (977) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup • 1 gallon. 
 
 3366. Raspberry Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) I fl.ounce. 
 
 Raspberry Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 P ints - 
 
 Mix them. This is one of the finest flavored Phosphate Syrups. 
 
 3367. Rose Syrup. 
 
 Rose Essence (920) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. Color light red with Red Coloring. 
 
 3368. Sarsaparilla Syrup. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Essence (923) i}4 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, %. fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix, and color brown with Caramel. 
 
 This Syrup is improved by adding 1 drachm of Glycyrrhizin in scales, dis- 
 solved in a little water. A perfectly clear Syrup may be made with 
 
 Soluble Extract Sarsaparilla (949) 3 fl. ounces 
 
 Fruit Acid Yz fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Color with Caramel. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 863 
 
 3369. Sherbet Syrup. 
 
 Vanilla Extract (940) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 
 
 Lemon Extract, Soluble (945) 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 This may also be mixed extemporaneously from the fountain by drawing 
 equal parts of Vanilla, Pineapple, and Lemon or Orange Syrups. 
 This may be made also with 
 
 Sherbet Extract (935) 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 3370. Persian Sherbet. 
 
 This is usually served by drawing into a glass sufficient Strawberry or 
 Vanilla Syrup, then adding from " squirt " bottles a few drops each of 
 Lemon Extract, Orange Extract, Fruit Acid, and drawing the water upon 
 them, or, adding ice, drawing most full of water and shaking it with a 
 shaker. Fancy sauce bottles for this purpose are supplied by dealers. The 
 Fruit Acid will be white, the Lemon yellow, and the Orange should be col- 
 ored a bright red. The manipulation of the drink is an attraction. 
 
 3371. Strawberry Syrup. 
 
 Strawberry Juice, 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. As the color is usually deficient in Strawberry Juice to satisfy 
 the popular taste, it may be colored slightly with Red Coloring, or by the 
 addition of a little Raspberry Juice, which also improves its flavor. 
 An inferior Syrup may be made with 
 
 Strawberry Essence (980) 1 fl .ounce. 
 
 Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 gallon. 
 
 With Red Coloring sufficient. 
 
 3372. Strawberry Phosphate Syrup. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates 11938) 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Strawberry Juice I pint. 
 
 Syrup 5 pints. 
 
 Mix them. This is the least desirable of the Fruit Phosphate Syrups. 
 
 3373. Tea Syrup. 
 
 Green Tea, good quality 2 ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Water 1 pint. 
 
 Sugar 1 '4 pound av. 
 
 Infuse the Tea in the boiling Water, strain, and add enough Water to make 
 1 pint, then dissolve the Sugar in the liquid and add a little Soda Foam. 
 
864 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3374. Vanilla Syrup. 
 
 Vanilla Extract (940) i]/ z fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 Vanilla Syrup is one of the most popuhr soda-water syrups. It is com- 
 bined with nearly all the other syrups, and drawn with cream is a great 
 favorite. It is necessary that only a pure Vanilla Extract of fine flavor be 
 used for making this Syrup. Inferior or mixed extracts will not draw custom. 
 
 3375. Violet Syrup. 
 
 Orris Extract (934) 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. This makes a fair imitation of Violet. A true Syrup of 
 Violets may be made by gathering the violet flowers 'in their season, and 
 macerating with Syrup. 
 
 3376. Wine Syrups. 
 
 Wine of any kind 2 pints. 
 
 Syrup 3 pints. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3377. Wintergreen Syrup. 
 
 Wintergreen Essence (927) \ l / 2 flounce. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 A perfectly clear Syrup may be made with 
 
 Soluble Extract Wintergreen (951), 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 Other Soda Water Syrups, etc. 
 
 The foregoing are the regular syrups dispensed at soda fountains, many of 
 them being also useful for other purposes. Besides these, several other 
 drinks are served in various ways in connection with the fountain. 
 
 3378. Ice Cream Soda. 
 
 This is prepared by drawing the desired Syrup into a glass, adding a large 
 spoonful or more of Ice Cream without flavor, and drawing the gaseous 
 Water upon it. A long-handled spoon is generally put in the glass with 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 865 
 
 which to stir its contents and sip the beverage or eat the ice cream which 
 rises to the surface; it is therefore frequently called " Spoon Soda." 
 
 Any Syrup may be combined in this manner with the Ice Cream, and if 
 properly served it is very nice. The Ice Cream should be liberally used. 
 
 3379. Milk Shake. 
 
 This has become very popular, special apparatus being provided for shak- 
 ing it. Ice is first shaved into a tumbler, milk is poured upon it until nearly 
 full, it is then transferred to the shaker, agitated, and then poured back into 
 the glass. The milk may be mixed with a small quantity of any flavored 
 syrup if desired, but is generally preferred without sweetening or flavor. In 
 absence of the patent shakers it may be shaken in the ordinary hand shaker 
 usually at hand. A little soda water may be drawn into it to give it 
 "sparkle." 
 
 3380. Milk Punch Shake. 
 
 This may be made by shaving ice in a glass, adding the usual quantity of 
 Vanilla or other flavored Syrup, drawing part full of Soda Water, then nearly 
 filling with milk and adding, if desired, a little liquor — Brandy, Rum, 
 Whisky, or Wine — then shaking on the patent shaker or with the hand 
 shaker as directed above. Without the liquor, this may be dispensed as 
 Temperance Punch. An egg added is a great improvement. 
 
 3381. Fruit Juice Shakes. 
 
 Shake drinks may be made with any of the Fruit Juices, as follows. They 
 are similar to lemonade or other ades, and give excellent satisfaction. Plenty 
 of ice should be used : 
 
 Any Fruit Juice 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup of the same kind 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Shave ice in the tumbler and draw "solid" with Soda Water, transfer to 
 the shaker and shake, or shake with hand shaker. 
 
 A dash of Lemon Essence, Orange Essence, or Lime Fruit Essence, added 
 to Lemon, Orange, or Lime Fruit Shakes adds to their flavor and makes an 
 attraction. By squeezing the juice from fresh fruit into the glass the attrac- 
 tiveness of the drink is much increased. 
 
 3382. Cobbler Shakes. 
 
 These are made by mixing in a small, thin glass, 
 
 Wine, any kind 2 ounces. 
 
 Lime or Lemon Juice }& ounce. 
 
 Lemon Syrup 2 ounces. 
 
 Shaving ice in the glass, drawing solid with Soda Water, and shaking as 
 before dire< ted. 
 
866 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 3383. Cocktail Shakes. 
 
 These are made by adding to ice shaven in a glass, Brandy, Rum, Whisky, 
 or Gin about 1 y 2 ounce, Lime, Lemon, or Orange Juice yi ounce, Syrup 1 
 ounce, a dash of Stoughton Bitters, and then enough Soda Water to fill a 
 small glass, and shaking as directed. 
 
 3384. Egg Phosphate Shake. 
 
 Shave ice in a glass, add Lemon or other Fruit Syrup 2 ounces, a dash of 
 Lemon Essence, the contents of 1 Egg, a dash of Acid Phosphate enough to 
 make sour, draw Soda Water in the glass to nearly fill, and then shake as 
 directed. 
 
 Other similar drinks with Egg may be prepared in the same way. 
 
 3385. Nerve Foods and Tonics. 
 
 Nerve Foods and Nerve Tonics have become very popular beverages at 
 the soda fountain. "Acid Phosphate " is extensively used, the original 
 " Horsfords" being used by many druggists, but most of them making or 
 buying in bulk a concentrated solution of Phosphates Compound, which may 
 be diluted or made into a syrup as directed. 
 
 " Malto " is an acid beverage, used as a Nerve Tonic like Acid Phosphate. 
 It is put up in bottles, sweetened and charged with gas, making a sparkling 
 acid drink. A " Malto Syrup " is also made, which is to be diluted with 4 
 parts of Syrup and drawn from the fountain as any other syrup. The " Acid 
 Phosphate Syrup " will answer the same purpose as this. 
 
 " Moxie " Nerve Food is an entirely different preparation. The proprie- 
 tary " Moxie " has had a large sale. A similar preparation for use at the 
 fountain may be prepared and drawn as a syrup like any other syrup, as 
 follows : 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian Compound 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Extract, Soluble (949) 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Concentrated Solution Phosphates, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Syrup, to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 For Mead, Ginger Ale, etc., see pages 422 to 427. 
 
 Hot Soda Syrups. 
 
 It is unnecessary to state that the so-called " Hot Soda Water," unlike the 
 cold soda water, contains no gas, but the force is obtained from force of 
 water, and heated in an apparatus specially designed for it. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. 867 
 
 But comparatively few druggists who have fountains run hot soda water, 
 as the demand is not sufficiently large to pay except in central locations in 
 large towns. 
 
 The syrups and drinks which are generally supplied are as follows : 
 
 3386. Chocolate Syrup. 
 
 Fenner's Perfection Cream Chocolate. 
 
 This is kept hot in a tank or bottle from which it can be drawn. A suffi- 
 cient quantity, say 2 ounces, is poured or drawn in a cup, and the Hot Water 
 drawn upon it. Milk or Cream is usually added before drawing the Water. 
 
 Chocolate Syrup may also be made by melting on a water-bath Chocolate 
 1 pound, Vanilla Chocolate Yz pound together, and adding Hot Syrup 3 
 quarts, mixing them well together. 
 
 3387. Coffee Syrup. 
 
 Coffee Extract (932), 1 pint. 
 
 Syrup 3 pints. 
 
 Keep this hot in a tank or bottle. It may be served with Cream or hot 
 Milk added, or plain, drawing about 2 ounces of the Syrup in a cup and then 
 drawing the hot W T ater upon it. 
 
 3388. Beef Tea Extract. 
 
 Extract of Beef, Liebig's 4 ounces. 
 
 Black Pepper, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Hot Water 1 pint. 
 
 Infuse the Pepper with the Water for half an hour and strain, then mix 
 the Beef Extract with the liquid. 
 
 To make Beef Tea pour a tablespoonful of this into a cup, add a little salt 
 and draw hot Water upon it. 
 
 3389. Hot Lemonade. 
 
 Lemon Juice, 1 ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix in a cup with a dash of Lemon Essence and draw hot Water upon it. 
 A little liquor — Whisky, Brandy, or Rum — is sometimes added. Lime 
 Juice may be used instead of Lemon. 
 
 3390. Hot Egg Phosphate. 
 
 This is a shake drink, made by drawing Lemon Syrup, 2 ounces, in a glass, 
 adding 1 Egg and a dash of Acid Phosphate, shake well together, and draw 
 hot Water sufficient to make a glass of the beverage. The Water should not 
 be too hot for this purpose. 
 
 / 
 
868 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 Mineral Waters. 
 
 It is most convenient to keep Solutions made up for the various artificial 
 Mineral Waters ; they can then be mixed at once with the water in the foun- 
 tain, and charged. 
 
 These Solutions are so designed that they represent one gallon of the 
 Mineral Water in 4 ounces of the Solution. Hence, to make any Mineral 
 Water for each gallon required, take of the 
 
 Solution 4 ounces. 
 
 Water 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix in a fountain, and charge with Carbonic Acid Gas to 60 or 80 pounds. 
 
 All of the Solutions do not make up clear, and some of them do not 
 remain clear after they are made ; but it is only necessary to shake them 
 before using, as the Carbonic Acid, when charged, dissolves all the sediment. 
 
 Keep the Solutions in dark-colored, half-gallon bottles or demijohns, in a 
 cool, dark place. Do not forget to shake them thoroughly just before using. 
 
 3391. Apollinaris Water Solution. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 3 ounces. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt 3 ounces. 
 
 Glauber's Salt (Sulphate of Sodium) 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 Mix them, rubbing the Magnesium salt first through a sieve. Use 4 ounces 
 of the mixture for each gallon of the Water desired, and charge as directed. 
 
 3392. Carlsbad Water Solution. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium (Soda), 160 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 40 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 20 grains. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt 20 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 20 grains. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Potassium, 2 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 3393. Congress Water Solution. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt 1 pound. 
 
 Caustic Soda 46 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 40 grains. 
 
 Calcined Magnesium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS 
 
 3394. Friedrichshall Water Solution. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 1 % ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda (Glauber's Salt) 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium, J<< ounce. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt, 1 pound. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 2 pounds. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 1 ]/ 2 ounce. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 4 pints. 
 
 Mix them. Use 4 ounces of the mixture for each gallon of W 7 ater desired. 
 Only a small portion of the salts are dissolved ; it must be well shaken. 
 
 3395. Hunyadi Janos Water. 
 
 Epsom Salts 28 ounces. 
 
 Glauber's Salt, 23 ounces. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium, 1 drachm. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Sulphite of Lime, , \]/ 2 ounce. 
 
 Water, to make 10 gallons. 
 
 This Water is so strong of the Salts that it is not expedient to make a 
 solution, as in the other W T aters. 
 
 3396. Kissengen Water Solution. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 drachms. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt, 1 pound. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia 8 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium 320 grains. 
 
 Epsom Salts 4 ounces. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium, 26 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium through a sieve before adding it to the 
 Solution. 
 
 3397. Magnesian Aperient or Citrate of Magnesium 
 
 Solution. 
 
 Citric Acid 8 ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium 8 ounces. 
 
 Essence Lemon (945) 4 ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Citric Acid in 2 pints of hot Water, and add the Carbonate of 
 Magnesium, previously rubbed through a sieve. This does not all dissolve. 
 
870 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 
 
 When effervescence has ceased, add the Essence Lemon, and make up the 
 measure with Water to 4 pints. Use 1 pint of this Solution to each gallon 
 of Water before charging. 
 
 This makes an agreeable effective Citrate of Magnesia. 
 
 3398. Pullna Water Solution. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium \% ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 2^ ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 40 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, 1 drachm. 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium 1 drachm. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt, 1 drachm. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 3399. Pyrmont Water Solution. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium 40 grains. 
 
 Epsom Salts, . 40 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 26 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, 100 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 180 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron 10 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 3400. Seltzer Water Solution. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 3 ounces. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 4 ounces. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 140 grains. 
 
 Pyrophosphate of Iron 30 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium, 1 % ounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron in a portion of the Water, mix the other Salts with the 
 rest of the Water, and mix the solutions. 
 
 3401. Spa Water Solution. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium 20 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 10 grains. 
 
 Epsom Salts, 20 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron 6 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make .... 4 pints. 
 
SODA WATER SYRUPS. TABELL.E — TABLETS. 871 
 
 3402. Vichy Water Solution. 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium 360 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium 160 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 50 grains. 
 
 Fine Dairy Salt, 1 x / 2 ounces. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium ioj4 ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia 20 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 pints. 
 
 3403. Zoedone. 
 
 This is a proprietary drink, containing Iron and Mineral Phosphates in 
 solution. An imitation may be made as follows : 
 
 Solution Phosphate of Calcium 10 flounces. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron (1880 scale salt), 1 ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Potassium, %. ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Sodium 40 grains. 
 
 Orange Flower Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Orange Essence, Soluble (948) 3 rl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup \% gallon. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 10 gallons. 
 
 Mix, and charge in a fountain or bottle. 
 
 Directions for other drinks which are charged in fountains will be found 
 under the Extracts from which they are prepared. See pages 421 to 428. 
 
 TABELL^ — TABLETS. 
 
 This title is applied rather indefinitely to a variety of prep- 
 arations, either cut, moulded, or pressed into desired shape 
 and size. Many preparations thus made are also called 
 Troches or Lozenges, which see. The only official Tablets are 
 Tabellaj Nitroglycerin! of the Br. P. 
 
 3404. Tabellae Nitroglycerini. 
 
 Tablets of Nitroglycerini. 
 
 Tablets of Chocolate, each weighing 2^ grains and containing ,,',„ grain 
 <>f purr Nitroglycerine. The dose is 1 or 2 tablets. 
 
872 TABELL/E — TABLETS. 
 
 3405. Compressed Tablets. 
 
 These are made by compressing the dry medicinal substances, either alone 
 or mixed with powdered Sugar, into round, flattened, convex Tablets or Loz- 
 enges. This may be done by a small, hand tablet or pill compressor. Power 
 machines are also made for this purpose, but as they are very expensive they 
 are used only by large manufacturers. 
 
 The Tablets as thus prepared are called by various names. Those corre- 
 sponding to the formulas of well-known pills are called Compressed Pills or 
 Powders. The small Tablets of Sodium, Ammonium, and Potassium salts, 
 and some others, which are made without addition of sugar, are called Com- 
 pressed Tablets. Those containing a small but definite quantity of active 
 medicine, intended to be dissolved for hypodermic use, are called Hypoder- 
 mic Tablets. 
 
 The larger ones, in which the medicinal agent is mixed with sugar or other 
 dilutent, are called Compressed Lozenges or Troches. 
 
 And still another class of very small Tablets, which are made by triturating 
 active medicinal agents with some dilutent (as powdered sugar), and which 
 are intended to insure accuracy of dose, are called Compressed Triturates. 
 
 As all of these are usually made by manufacturers who have machinery 
 adapted for the business, it is unnecessary to give formulas for them. They 
 are furnished in great variety by John Weyth & Brother, Philadelphia, who 
 were the first to introduce compressed pills, etc., to the trade. 
 
 Ordinary Lozenges are made by mixing confectioners' Sugar with more or 
 less powdered Tragacanth or other adhesive gum, adding medicinal or flavor- 
 ing ingredients as desired, and making into a mass with water. The mass is 
 then rolled out and the Lozenges cut in various shapes as desired, and dried 
 in a current of warm air. 
 
 3406. Fruit Tablets or Lozenges. 
 
 These are supplied by the confectioners in great variety and of various 
 shapes and sizes, being generally moulded convex, oval, or nearly round, or 
 cut in squares. To make first-class Fruit Tablets, the Fruit Juices must be 
 added to melted Rock Candy and the mixture boiled until it is of proper 
 temper. It is then run into or through properly-constructed moulds, such as 
 are used by confectioners, or run into pans and cut into square Tablets. 
 
 When made with ordinary sugar, Tablets soon become soft and discolored. 
 It is therefore necessary to use Rock Candy as the basis of the Tablets, Fruit 
 Juice being added sufficient to flavor and color them. Flavoring Extracts 
 are also added just before running in the moulds. Many other Tablets 
 besides those made with Fruit Juices are made in the same manner, Cough 
 Tablets particularly having a large sale. These usually contain some opiate 
 in small quantities, strongly flavored with Oil of Anise or Paregoric, and col- 
 ored black, brown, or red with Elderberry Juice, Caramel, or Cochineal 
 coloring. 
 
 For other Tablets, Troches, or Lozenges, see Troches. 
 
TANNIN OR TANNIC ACID. 873 
 
 3407. TANNIN OR TANNIC ACID. 
 Acidum Tannicum. 
 
 Ci4 H lo0 9 - 
 
 This may be prepared from Nutgalls, in fine powder, by first 
 exposing it to a moist atmosphere for 24 hours, then mixing it 
 with sufficient washed Ether to form a soft paste. This is set 
 aside, closely covered, for 6 hours, then enclosed in a strong 
 canvas bag and quickly expressed with power between tinned 
 iron plates, in order to obtain the liquid portion, which is 
 reserved. The cake is then broken up and again treated in 
 the same manner. The liquids are then mixed and allowed to 
 evaporate spontaneously to a syrupy consistence, then spread 
 upon glass plates and quickly dried. This process is too 
 expensive to be employed commercially. Tannic Acid is an 
 abundant constituent of plants, being found in nearly all 
 barks, leaves, and roots, usually associated with glucosides. 
 Tannin that is employed medicinally is obtained from Nut- 
 galls, but for industrial purposes the Solutions of Tannin 
 obtained from Hemlock, Oak, and other barks are extensively 
 used for tanning, converting the gelatin of hides into insoluble 
 tannate of gelatin. This combination is made advantageous 
 in making many elixirs and other medicinal preparations from 
 substances containing Tannin, as by the addition of Gelatin or 
 Albumen it is removed, leaving them free to combine with 
 Iron or other salts, which would otherwise be precipitated or 
 discolored if not removed. 
 
 Chemically, Tannin is now considered an Anhydride of Gallic 
 Acid. In medicine, Tannin is used as an astringent, both 
 internally and externally. The dose is 3 to 10 grains. 
 
 3408. Gallic Acid — Acidum Gallicum — HC 7 H 5 O fl .H 2 0. — This is pre- 
 pared from Nutgalls by mixing the powder with Water to form a thin paste 
 and exposing the mixture in a shallow dish for one month to a warm atmos- 
 phere, stirring occasionally, with addition of Water. The mass is then 
 expressed and the liquid rejected, the cake being then boiled with Water and 
 tin- solution altered through animal charcoal. The liquid is then concentrated 
 and set aside for crystals to form. Gallic Acid is used in medicine as an 
 astringent, in doses of 5 to 15 grains. 
 
 3409. Pyrogallic Acid — Acidum Pyrogallicum — C 6 H fi () a . — This is 
 prepared by subliming ( )allic Acid. It is used in making hair dye and in 
 some photographic operations. 
 
874 TELLURIUM. THALLIUM. THERIACA. 
 
 TELLURIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Te ; Atomic weight, 128. 
 
 This is an elementary substance, classed with the non- 
 metals. It is found only in small quantities associated with 
 bismuth, gold, silver, and lead, chiefly in the gold mines of 
 Transylvania. It is a grayish-white substance resembling bis- 
 muth, and having, when decomposed, like arsenic, the odor of 
 garlic. 
 
 With Oxygen it forms two Oxides, Te0 2 Tellurium Dioxide 
 and TeO s Tellurium Trioxide, which, uniting with the ele- 
 ments of Water, form Tcllurous Acid, H 2 Te0 3 , and Telluric 
 Acid, H 2 Te0 4 . It also forms, with Hydrogen, a gaseous 
 compound, Telluretted Hydrogen, H 2 Te, similar in character- 
 istics to Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 
 
 The Acids of Tellurium form salts with bases, but they 
 have no practical use in pharmacy or medicine. 
 
 THALLIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Tl ; Atomic weight, 203.7; Sp. gr., n.8. 
 
 This is an elementary metal, discovered by Crooks, in 1861, 
 similar in characteristics to mercury, silver, and lead. It is 
 found in iron and copper pyrites and native sulphur. It is not 
 employed in pharmacy or medicine. 
 
 3410. THERIACA. Br. 
 
 Treacle. 
 
 The uncrystallized residue of the refining of Sugar, or what 
 is known in this country as " Golden Syrup," is official in the 
 Br. P. under the above title. In ancient pharmacy a variety 
 of confections or electuaries were known by this name and 
 employed as antidotes to infections or poisons. They were 
 
TINCTORA — DYES. 875 
 
 composed of a great number of ingredients, the Theriaca 
 AndromacJii of the Ph. L., 1746, containing over 60 substan- 
 ces, with 1 grain of Opium in 75. The Electnaire Thc'riaque 
 or Theriaca of the Paris codex contains 72 ingredients, with 1 
 grain of Opium in 72 grains. Confectio Damocratus, Mithri- 
 date, Philonium Romanum, the Opiate of Soloman (see, also, 
 464), and some others are compounds of a great number of 
 aromatics, similar to the Therique of the Paris codex, but are 
 now unused, ordinary molasses, syrup, or honey being used 
 when Theriaca or Treacle is directed. 
 
 TINCTORA — DYES. 
 
 Since the introduction of Aniline Dyes, put up in packages 
 for coloring, the sale of other dyes, which was once quite a 
 feature of the drug business, has much decreased, but there is 
 still considerable demand for coloring substances aside from 
 the package Dyes. The principal substances used for this 
 purpose are therefore mentioned and a few recipes for coloring 
 given. 
 
 3411. Alizarin — C 10 H O 3 .2H 3 O. — This preparation, which is also 
 called Lazaric Acid or Madder Red, was formerly obtained from Madder 
 by exhausting it with boiling Water, precipitating with Sulphuric Acid, wash- 
 ing the precipitate and, while moist, boiling it with a concentrated Solution of 
 Hydrate of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid, then mixing the solution with 
 Hydrochloric Acid, when red flakes of impure Alizarin are deposited. This 
 is then purified, recrystallized, etc. 
 
 It is now artificially prepared from a coal tar product called Anthracen, 
 by several complicated processes, and the cultivation of the Madder plant, 
 Rubia Tinctorum, which was once a very important industry, has very much 
 decreased. 
 
 The Madder colors, of which Alizarin is the most important, are exten- 
 sively used for dyeing calicoes, which are familiarly known as Madder prints. 
 Turkey Red is one of the most brilliant colors produced with this substance, 
 but by combining it with other colors a great variety of colors are produced. 
 
 3412. Annato — . Xrnatto or Oreflana.— This is a coloring matter obtained 
 from outer pellicle of the seeds of Bt'xa ( irellana, by macerating the crushed 
 seeds or seed pods in Water for several weeks and collecting the pulpy mass. 
 purifying and concentrating to a stiff extract by evaporation. This is used 
 
876 TINCTORA — DYES. 
 
 for coloring orange or yellow, nankeen being a familiar color produced by it. 
 It is also extensively employed for coloring butter, cheese, etc. 
 Annattoine is the principal coloring matter of Annatto. 
 
 3413. Archil— Orchil. — This is a violet-red, purple, or blue coloring 
 matter obtained from several species of lichens, the finest being from Roc- 
 cella Tinctoria. As found in the market it is a liquid paste, which is 
 either blue or red or violet color, as it contains more or less alkali or acid. It 
 is of the same nature and derived from a similar source as Cudbear and 
 Litmus, all being prepared from lichens collected on rocks near the sea, 
 which are ground into a pulp with Water, Ammoniacal liquors added, and, 
 after standing for some time, the dissolved coloring matter expressed, filtered, 
 precipitated with Tin Solution, purified, redissolved, etc. 
 
 Cudbear is Archil paste, made by grinding the weeds and treating with 
 Ammonia, dried and ground, and usually much adulterated with salt or other 
 inert substance. 
 
 Litmus is- blue Archil mixed with some inert substance, as chalk, or boiled 
 with the pith of some plants which absorb the coloring matter. The former 
 is in the form of a cake and the latter in the form of small flattened cubes, 
 in which shape the absorbing substance is cut before saturating with the 
 Archil solution. Solution of Litmus is used as a test for acids, etc. (See 
 page 231.) Archil, Cudbear, and Litmus are used for coloring purple, violet, 
 red, and blue. 
 
 3414. Carmine. — This is an important coloring matter, obtained from 
 Cochineal, Coccus Cacti, by precipitating its decoction with various acid salts, 
 or by other treatment, which is employed by experienced workmen. It is 
 soluble in Ammonia and alkaline solutions. It is chiefly employed as a pig- 
 ment in solution as Liqtiid Rouge, Carmine Lnk, etc., but Cochineal, from 
 which it is derived, is extensively used for dyeing, yielding the finest scarlet 
 red, which is durable and permanent. 
 
 3415. Carthamin — C 14 H 16 7 — Pure Rouge. — This is the red coloring 
 matter obtained from Safflower, Carthamus Tinctorius, by treating it repeat- 
 edly with a weak solution of Carbonate of Sodium and then precipitating the 
 coloring matter with excess of Citric or Acetic Acid. The Safflower Car- 
 mine precipitated is then collected, washed, and dried. 
 
 Pink Saucers, which are a well-known article in the toilet trade, are made 
 by covering the inside of white saucers with Carthamin. 
 
 Rouge, which is sold as a toilet requisite, is Carthamin, either alone or pre- 
 pared in the form of a paste or powder, with other substances. 
 
 Safflower is also used for coloring orange. 
 
 3416. Indigo.— A blue dyestuff, extracted from different species of Indi- 
 go/era, by immersing them in Water and allowing to ferment. The Chro- 
 mogene contained in the plants is first dissolved, then by the action of the air 
 becomes oxidized, precipitating an insoluble coloring matter, which is col- 
 lected, pressed, and dried, and is known as Indigo. It contains a variety of 
 
TIXCTORA — DYES. 877 
 
 principles, the most important of which is Indigotin or Indigo-blue, which is 
 present to the extent of 50 to 60 per cent. Indigo is extensively used in dye- 
 ing blue and for blueing clothes. 
 
 3417. Indigo Sulphate or Soluble Indigo. — This is prepared by gradu- 
 ally adding 1 part of best powdered Indigo to 5 parts of Nordhausen Sul- 
 phuric Acid or 8 parts of Commercial Sulphuric Acid, keeping the mixture 
 cooled by immersing in cold water until combined, then heating for 10 or 12 
 hours. After standing a few days it becomes a dark pasty mass, which is 
 known by the above names; also called Chemic Blue, Indigo Compound, 
 Extract of Indigo, Indigo Paste, etc. 
 
 This is used for dyeing, for making some kinds of liquid blueing, etc. 
 
 3418. Lac Dye. — In the preparation of Shellac from stick-lac or seed-lac, 
 it is boiled with Water, which dissolves the red coloring matter of the insect 
 which produces it. This is precipitated by Alum and is called Lac Dye. It 
 is used for coloring red and purple. 
 
 3419. Extracts Used for Dyeing.— Many Extracts of Woods and other 
 substances are now used for dyeing where formerly the substances them- 
 selves were employed. This arises from the greater convenience of employ- 
 ing concentrated preparations, decreased cost of transportation, superior 
 facilities for extracting, etc. 
 
 Catechu, also called Cutch and Terra faponica, is a native Extract pre- 
 pared from the dark or heart-wood of Acacia Catechu. For small retail 
 trade the purified Catechu, put up in boxes, is now generally sold. Extract 
 of Logwood &nd Extract of Fustic, put up in a like manner, are also much 
 sold in a retail way for domestic coloring. Extracts of other woods or like 
 coloring substances are not generally sold by druggists, but are extensively 
 prepared and used by dyers, the process being to percolate the ground 
 woods, etc., with boiling water to exhaust them of their soluble coloring, then 
 evaporate them to the proper consistence. 
 
 Many woods, flowers, barks, roots, and other natural, vegetable, and chem- 
 ical substances are used for coloring, but it is unnecessary to mention them 
 here. 
 
 Recipes for Coloring. 
 
 To give intelligent recipes for dyeing different kinds of fabrics in different 
 ways would fill a volume, and it is impossible, in this limited sketch, to give 
 even an outline of the recipes and processes used ; but for convenience of 
 druggists, who are often called upon for information in this line, a few only 
 of the simple recipes used for domestic dyeing or coloring are given. The 
 quantities directed arc for 1 pound of goods. A larger quantity requires less 
 in proportion. 
 
 3420. Black— For Woolen Goods. — Extract of Logwood 2 ounces, Blue 
 Vitriol 1 ounce. Dissolve them separately in hot rain or soft Water about 1 
 gallon. Dip the goods first in the solution of Blue Vitriol and. after a few 
 
878 TINCTORA — DYES. 
 
 moments, take out, drain, and add the solution of Blue Vitriol to the solution 
 of Logwood Extract, then add the goods and keep the dye at a scalding heat 
 for twenty minutes, working the goods occasionally, then take out, drain, and 
 set the color by dipping in a hot bath of 3 gallons of Water in which a tea- 
 cupful of salt is dissolved. Let the goods remain in the bath until cold. 
 
 For Silk Goods, dye in the same manner, but to set the color dip in boil- 
 ing soap suds instead of the salt solution. 
 
 For Cotton Goods, boil the goods with the dye, with constant stirring, and 
 set the color the same as for woolen goods. 
 
 This is the ordinary Logwood-Black dye. One pound of Logwood chips 
 may be used instead of the extract. Other blacks may be used, but this is 
 the best for domestic dyeing. 
 
 3421. Blue — For Woolen Goods. — Alum 2)4 ounces, Cream Tartar 1^ 
 ounce. Dissolve in 1 gallon of Water and boil the goods for 1 hour in the 
 solution, then dip them into a mixture of Indigo Sulphate (3415) and Water, 
 using sufficient of the Indigo preparation to get the desired shade of blue. A 
 larger quantity, say \ l / z ounce, making a dark blue ; less quantity a light blue. 
 
 For Silk Goods, the same dye as for woolen may be used, but finer shades 
 of color are produced with the Aniline dyes. 
 
 For Cotton Goods. Prussian Blue, in powder, 1 ounce, Oxalic Acid ]/ 2 
 ounce. Dissolve them in just sufficient Water to cover the goods, and dip 
 the goods in the dye, working it well in by hand until well colored, then wring 
 out and dip in Alum Water to set the color. 
 
 This dye is also made by dissolving Prussiate of Potassium 1 ounce, Cop- 
 peras (Sulphate of Iron) 1 ounce, each separately, in boiling Water, mixing 
 the solutions, adding l / 2 ounce Sulphuric Acid, dipping the goods in the dye 
 and setting the color with Alum Water. 
 
 3422. Brown — For Cotton, Wool, or Silk. — Catechu 4 ounces, Bichro- 
 mate of Potassium 1 ounce, each dissolved separately in sufficient Water to 
 dip the goods. Boil the goods first in the solution of Catechu, then dip in 
 the solution of the Potash salt. A great variety of Browns may be made 
 with Catechu by adding Copperas, Blue Vitriol, Acetate of Lead, etc. This 
 dye is used for dyeing carpet work and for dark browns on wool and silk. 
 For fine browns for silk Aniline dyes are generally used. 
 
 3423. Green — For Woolen Goods, first color yellow with y/ z ounces 
 Alum and 1 pound of Fustic Wood, or 2 ounces Extract of Fustic, steeped in 
 hot Water enough to cover the goods. When a good yellow is obtained by 
 this dye, strain the liquid from the chips (if Fustic chips are used) and add 
 Indigo Compound to the liquid sufficient to make the desired color, rub the 
 goods well with the dye and rinse in Alum Water. 
 
 For Silk Goods, color in the same way and set the color with hot soap- 
 suds. 
 
 For Cotton Goods, first color blue as directed (3421), then dip in the yellow 
 (3430) until a fine green is obtained. 
 
TIXCTORA — DYES. 879 
 
 3424. Maroon. — Cudbear 2 ounces, steeped in Water sufficient to cover 
 the goods, Alum 4 ounces, dissolved in 1 gallon hot Water. Dip the goods 
 in the Alum Water, then in the Cudbear Solution. If a deep color is desired 
 dip in a solution of 1 ounce Bichromate of Potash in half a gallon of hot 
 Water. This colors nicely on woolen goods but not very well on cotton. 
 For silk the finer Aniline dyes are generally used. 
 
 3425. Orange — For Woolen Goods. — Quercitron Bark 4 ounces, Lac Dye 
 \Yz ounce. Soak them in hot Water and add Madder Compound \y 2 ounce, 
 boil for 10 minutes, then put in the goods and boil for half an hour. By 
 combining yellows and reds a variety of orange shades, ranging from yellow 
 to reddish may be made. 
 
 For Cotton Goods. — Dissolve Sugar of Lead, 2 ounces, in sufficient hot 
 soft Water to well cover the goods ; dissolve Bichromate of Potash, 1 ounce, 
 in Water enough to cover, then dip the goods first in the Lead Water, then 
 in the solution of Bichromate of Potash. This makes a yellow color, which 
 is changed to orange by dipping the goods carefully in a clear, weak solution 
 of Lime (Lime Water), then rinsing in clear Water. 
 
 3426. Salmon or Nankeen — For Cotton or Woolen Goods. — Annatto 1 
 ounce, dissolve in sufficient hot Water to cover the goods, add sufficient Soft 
 Soap to make a suds and boil the solution for 10 minutes, then add the goods 
 and keep at a scalding heat for half an hour, then remove and rinse in cold 
 soft Water. 
 
 3427. Red, Madder — For Woolen Goods. — Madder, best quality, % 
 pound, soak over night in a copper or brass kettle, then add 1 ounce Madder 
 Compound. After standing a little while add the goods and bring slowly to 
 a scalding heat. Leave in the dye until the desired shade of color is pro- 
 duced, then rinse in clear Water. It is necessary for the goods to remain 
 some time in the dye to obtain a fine color. This makes a deep-red color but 
 bright. 
 
 Cochineal Scarlet, for silk or woolen. Cochineal, in fine powder, 1 ounce, 
 Cream of Tartar 1 ounce, Madder Compound 2 ounces, Water sufficient to 
 cover the goods. Put the Cream Tartar in the Water, boil for a few moments, 
 add the Cochineal and then the Madder Compound, boil for 5 minutes, then 
 add the goods and boil together for about an hour or until a bright scarlet 
 color is obtained, then rinse thoroughly in clear Water. This is the brightest 
 and most durable red. The Aniline reds are very fine but discharge their 
 color when washed. 
 
 Fine reds cannot be made on cotton except by experienced dyers. Turkey 
 Red is made from Madder but requires peculiar manipulation. A fair red 
 for cotton may be made by steeping Camwood in Water and adding Muriate 
 of Tin. 
 
 Pink may be made by diluting the Cochineal Dye with Water to obtain 
 ired shade. Eosin, an Aniline dye, makes a fine pink. Strong 
 solution of Kosin is used for red ink. making the most brilliant red ink 
 known. 
 
880 TINCTORA — DYES. TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3428. Purple. — A common purple may be made by first dyeing blue as 
 directed (3419), then dipping in Cudbear or Madder Red Dye, but finer shades 
 are made with Aniline dyes. 
 
 3429. Violet. — On silk and woolen goods, good violet colors may be made 
 by first coloring with red and then with blue. A Logwood violet is also made 
 by adding acid freely to Logwood Lye. 
 
 Fine violets are obtained from Aniline dyes. 
 
 3430. Yellow — For Woolen Goods. — Alum 2 ounces. Madder Compound 
 1 ounce. Fustic 8 ounces or Extract of Fustic 1 ounce. Dissolve the Alum in 
 a small quantity of hot Water and add the Madder Compound, boil the Fustic 
 1 hour in a sufficient quantity of Water, strain the liquor from the chips and 
 add the solution of Alum, etc. Boil together a few minutes and then put 
 in the goods and boil for one hour, then rinse. 
 
 For Cotton Goods. — Sugar of Lead 2 ounces, Bichromate of Potash 1 
 ounce. Dissolve the Sugar of Lead in sufficient hot rain Water as will cover 
 the goods, and the Bichromate in sufficient cold Water. Dip the goods first 
 in the Lead Water, then in the solution of Bichromate until the color is 
 satisfactory. 
 
 The foregoing include most of the colors which are generally used for 
 domestic dyeing, except the Aniline package dyes, which are now exten- 
 sively used for small work, and of which there is a great variety. 
 
 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 Tinctures are solutions of medicinal substances in an Alco- 
 holic or Hydro-alcoholic menstruum, differing from spirits 
 chiefly in being prepared from non-volatile substances. 
 
 They are the most used of any class of official preparations, 
 and it is highly important that they should be well made, of 
 the best material, and up to the highest standard of strength. 
 
 The directions for making Tinctures in the U. S. 1880 Phar- 
 macopoeia are much more definite than in former revisions. 
 Many Tinctures that were formerly prepared by percolation 
 are now, very sensibly, prepared by maceration, and in most 
 of the present formulae, where percolation is employed, it is 
 directed to moisten the drug and macerate it for 24 hours 
 before packing in the percolator. This is a very important 
 direction, for, in following the former authority, it was often 
 the case that inexperienced druggists would pack the drugs in 
 the percolator and begin percolating at once, having a tincture 
 finished in a few hours, which would, of course, only partly 
 
TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 88 1 
 
 represent the medicinal value of the drug. By moistening the 
 drug and allowing it to stand before packing, it has an oppor- 
 tunity to "swell " and gives time for the medicinal properties 
 to be dissolved or loosened, and it is therefore in a fit condi- 
 tion for the process of percolation. 
 
 Of all processes, however, which have been proposed for 
 making Tinctures, none will be found so valuable and econom- 
 ical as the process of water-bath percolation, which, by the 
 influence of heat, dissolves and removes with the percolate, 
 all the medicinal value of the drug. The formulae that are 
 given for making Tinctures by water-bath percolation mostly 
 conform to the standard of strength of the 1880 Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 The change in the U. S. 1880 Pharmacopoeia to parts by 
 weight, instead of definite weight and fluid measure, as for- 
 merly, causes much inconvenience to American druggists who 
 are not accustomed to preparing them in this manner. This 
 is especially the case with Tinctures, owing to their varying 
 specific gravity and the varying amount of extractive matter 
 which even the same drug will yield by different methods of 
 exhaustion. 
 
 The Tinctures of American Pharmacy are now mostly made 
 to represent 5, 10, 15, or 20 per cent, of the medicinal sub- 
 stance, there being but few variations to this general rule. 
 Those of British Pharmacy mostly represent 5, io, 12).., and 
 20 per cent., while those of German and French Pharmacy are 
 all in decimal proportion. 
 
 The official formulas which follow, therefore, are arranged 
 for definite weight and measure as well as in parts. Tin for- 
 mulas of the Br., German, and man)- of those of the French 
 Pharmacopoeias art: given as well as the U.S., for in this coun- 
 try tin-) are frequently called for. The following are' those 
 
 official in the authorities mentioned: 
 
 3431. Tinctura Absinthii. G. P. 
 
 Tincture >>/ 11 'ormwood. 
 
 Wormwood i part. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol 5 parts. 
 
 Make a Tincture by maceration or percolation. 
 
882 TINCTUR.E —TINCTURES. 
 
 3432. Tinctura Aconiti. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite. 
 The U. S. P., 1880, formula is: 
 
 Aconite (Root), .... 400 parts or 1 1 ounces av. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 4 parts or 48 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol in which the 
 Tartaric Acid has previously been dissolved, and macerate for 
 24 hours; then pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator 
 and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture 
 are obtained. This Tincture contains 40 per cent, of Aconite. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Aconite Root, in No. 60 powder, . . 11 ounces av. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 48 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Aconite with 6 ounces of Alcohol and pack.it 
 very firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint 
 of Alcohol and set in a warm place for 4 days, then heat mod- 
 erately and, after 1 hour, begin to percolate slowly, adding 
 Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
 until 2 pints have passed. Dissolve the Tartaric Acid in the 
 Tincture and filter. 
 
 The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
 recovered by distillation, and used in liniments, etc. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Aconite Root 2]/ 2 ounces av., Rectified 
 Spirit 20 fl. ounces, made in the same manner, the finished 
 Tincture representing 10 per cent, of the drug. 
 
 The German official is made 1 part of the Root with 10 
 parts of diluted Alcohol. 
 
 The French Alcoolatnre d'Aconit is made from the fresh 
 Root and 90 per cent. Alcohol, equal parts, by maceration and 
 expression. 
 
 The U. S. Tincture of Aconite is given as an arterial seda- 
 tive in doses of ^ to 5 minims. Three or four times as much 
 of the Br. or German preparations may be given. 
 
TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. " 883 
 
 Tincture of Aconite Leaves is also kept in most drug stores, and fre- 
 quently prescribed or called for. although not officinal ; much care must, 
 therefore, be used to prevent mistakes that might occur from misunderstand- 
 ing as to the two preparations. 
 
 This was formerly official in the U. S. P.. made with i part Aconite Leaves 
 and 8 parts diluted Alcohol. The dose was 5 to 1 5 grains. 
 
 3433. Fleming's Tincture of Aconite. — This is a stronger Tincture of 
 Root prepared by macerating Aconite Root, in fine powder, 16 ounces aw, 
 with 1 pint of Alcohol, for five days, then transferring to a percolator and 
 adding Alcohol, percolating slowly until 24 flounces are obtained. This is 
 double the strength of the official Tincture. 
 
 3434. Etherial Tincture of Aconite (Paris Codex) is made by macerat- 
 ing or percolating 4 parts of Aconite Root with 16 parts (by weight) of 
 Ether. It is used externally. 
 
 3435. Tinctura Aloes. 
 
 Tincture of Aloes. 
 Purified Aloes, ...... JO parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, . . 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the powders with a pint and a half of diluted Alcohol, 
 and macerate the mixture for seven days in a closed vessel; 
 then filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
 diluted Alcohol to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 
 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH l'KKCOLATION. 
 
 Purified Aloes, in moderately fine 
 
 powder 3 ' 4 minces av. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, in moderately 
 
 fine powder 3' 4 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the drugs and agitate them with 2.X fl.ounces of diluted 
 Alcohol; Cul a piece of burlap or coarse cloth and place in the 
 bottom, on tin- perforated diaphragm of the water-bath per- 
 colator. Pour the mixture into the percolator and let it stand 
 in a warm place for two days ; then heat moderately, and, after 
 one hour, begin t<> percolate, adding diluted Alcohol through 
 
884 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 the percolator to make 2 pints of the Tincture. A little sedi- 
 ment will be found at the bottom after the Tincture has cooled, 
 as the warm diluted Alcohol dissolves a little more of the 
 drugs than it will retain in solution. Forty grains of Carbon- 
 ate of Potassium then added to the Tincture will nearly dis- 
 solve the precipitate and will greatly improve the preparation. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Socotrine Aloes y 2 ounce av., Extract 
 of Liquorice \ l /> ounce av., Proof Spirit a sufficiency. Mac- 
 erate for seven days in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit, then filter 
 and add sufficient Proof Spirit through the filter to make 20 
 fi. ounces. 
 
 The G. P. formula is Aloes 1 part, Alcohol 5 parts, prepared 
 in the same manner. 
 
 The U. S. Tincture of Aloes is given as a purgative in doses 
 of ^ to 1 fl. drachm or more. 
 
 3436. Tinctura Aloes Composita. G. P. 
 
 Elixir ad Longam Vitam. 
 
 Aloes 6 parts, Rhubarb, Gentian, Zedoary, Saffron, each 1 
 part, diluted Alcohol 200 parts. Make a Tincture by 
 maceration. 
 
 3437. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. 
 
 Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh [Elixir Proprietatis). 
 
 Purified Aloes, .... 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Myrrh, 10 parts or 27/q ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix the powders with i l /> pint of Alcohol and macerate the 
 mixture for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
 paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make the 
 Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the 
 same manner as is directed for making Tincture Aloes (3435)- 
 It is given as a laxative and regulator and for worms, etc. 
 The dose is 30 minims to a teaspoonful or more. 
 
TIXCTL'R-E — TINCTURES. 885 
 
 3438. Tinctura Amara. G. P. 
 
 Bitter Tincture — Bittertropfen. 
 
 This is prepared by maceration or percolation from Gentian, 
 Centaury, each 3 parts, Orange Peel 2 parts, Orange Berries, 
 Zedoary, each 1 part, diluted Alcohol 50 parts. It is an aro- 
 matic bitter. 
 
 3439. Tinctura Arnicae Florum. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica Flowers. 
 
 Arnica Flowers, .... 20 parts or 6^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Arnica Flowers with 12 fl. ounces of diluted 
 Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
 cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon 
 it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Arnica Flowers, in coarse powder, . . 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 22 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Arnica with 8 ounces of Alcohol and pack' very 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it the remaining 
 14 ounces of Alcohol and set in a warm place for one daw 
 then heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, 
 adding Water to the drug in the percolator after the Alcohol 
 has disappeared and continuing the heat and percolation with 
 Water until 2 pints of the Tincture arc obtained. Let it 
 stand for a ivw days and filter. 
 
 The Arnica Flowers can besl be reduced to a coarse powder 
 by rubbing them through a coarse sieve. It will be noticed 
 that the proportion of Alcohol is greater than the [880 Phar- 
 macopoeia directs, but it lias been found necessary to use a 
 larger quantity in order to retain the properties in solution, as 
 
886 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 by water-bath percolation a much stronger Tincture is made 
 than by the ordinary method. 
 
 The German formula directs I part of the Flowers to 10 
 parts of diluted Alcohol. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica is chiefly used externally. 
 
 3440. Tinctura Arnicae Radicis. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica Root. 
 Arnica Root, in No. 40 
 
 powder, 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of the Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 The Br. formula is essentially the same. 
 
 When this Tincture is desired by physicians it should be so 
 stated in the prescription. If " Tincture Arnica " only is writ- 
 ten the Tincture of Arnica Flowers should be dispensed. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Arnica Root, in No. 40 powder, ... 3 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the drug with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it 24 ounces of 
 diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for. 24 hours, then heat 
 moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 diluted Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and per- 
 colation until 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 
 
 3441. Tinctura Aromatica. G. P. 
 
 Aromatic Tincture. 
 This is prepared by maceration or percolation from Cinna- 
 mon 5 parts, Ginger 2 parts, Galangal Root, Cloves, Cardamom, 
 each 1 part, and diluted Alcohol 50 parts. It is used as an 
 aromatic addition to other preparations. 
 
TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 887 
 
 3442. Tinctura Asafoetidae. 
 
 Tincture of Asa fetid a. 
 
 Asafetida, bruised, ... 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Asafetida with a pint and a half of Alcohol and 
 macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
 paper, adding enough Alcohol through the filter to make the 
 Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This Tincture may be made by water-bath percolation in the 
 same manner as Tincture of Aloes, but, as it is so difficult to 
 clean a vessel in which it is made, it may not be advisable to 
 use a water-bath percolator for this purpose. It is most con- 
 venient to keep a wide-mouth jar expressly for making Tinc- 
 ture of Asafetida. allowing it to macerate for an indefinite 
 time and filtering off a pint, more or less, as is required to fill 
 the shelf bottle. 
 
 The German preparation is the same as the U. S. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2^ ounces av. of the Gum-Resin to make 
 20 fl. ounces with Rectified Spirit. 
 
 The dose is ^ to I fl. drachm as an anti-spasmodic. 
 
 3443. Tinctura Aurantii Amari. 
 
 Tincture of Bitter Orange Pec/. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, ... 20 parts, or 6 1 /^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make IOO parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten tin powder with 6 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours; then pack it moderately in a conical 
 percolator and gradually pour Diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 
 
 MADE BY W \ iKk-i: A III PERC0LA1 I' >N. 
 
 Mitt'T ' )r.iii;.;e Peel, in No. 30 powder, . (> ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the drug with 6 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 
 macerate in a closed vessel for 2 ) hours, then pack' moderately 
 
888 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a half of 
 Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for 24 hours. Then 
 heat very moderately and after one hour begin to percolate, 
 adding Diluted Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture have passed. 
 Set this aside for a few days to allow the albuminous matter 
 to separate, and then filter. The Br. and German formulas are 
 the same as the U. S. 
 
 This is given as an aromatic bitter in doses of a teaspoonful 
 or more. 
 
 3444. Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis. 
 
 Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel. 
 
 Sweet Orange Peel recently 
 
 separated from the fresh 
 
 fruit and deprived of the 
 
 inner white layer, ... 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Orange Peel previously cut into small pieces with 
 80 parts or \ l / 2 pints of Alcohol, and macerate for 24 hours, 
 then pack it moderately in a conical percolator, and gradually 
 pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This is a new officinal tincture used chiefly for flavoring other 
 preparations. The short time which is given for maceration 
 seems insufficient, and certainly is unless the peel is cut very 
 fine and bruised so as to rupture the oil cells as much as possi- 
 ble. It will be much better to add the Alcohol to the peel, 
 chopped very fine, and allow it to remain upon it, instead of 
 percolating as directed. After standing a few weeks it may be 
 filtered off for use. The Br. P. Tinctura Aurantii Rcccntis is 
 similar to this, but stronger. 
 
 3445. Orange Fruit Tincture. 
 
 Oranges, medium size, sweet, No. 1 2, or 4 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol 4 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient. 
 Peel the Oranges as you would an apple, taking off a peeling thick enough 
 to contain all the oil cells, squeeze out the juice of the Oranges with a lemon 
 
TI.\CTl"R.-E — TINCTURE* 
 
 squeezer, chop or cut the peel fine and put in a wide-mouth jar or other con- 
 venient vessel, pour upon it the Alcohol and expressed juice of the Oranges, 
 macerate for a week or more, add 2 pints of Water and macerate again for a 
 week, then pour off the liquid, pack the macerated peel in a funnel or perco- 
 lator, and percolate it, first with the poured off liquid, then add Water 
 enough through the drugs to make the measure a gallon. If cloudy when 
 filtered add a very little Alcohol. 
 
 This is a finely-flavored preparation and may be used whenever Tincture of 
 Sweet Orange is directed. It is far superior to any other Tincture of Orange. 
 It should be made when oranges are cheap in sufficient quantity to last a year. 
 
 3446. Tinctura Belladonnae. 
 
 Tincture of Belladonna. 
 Belladonna Leaves, ... 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 
 
 The Br. P. formula directs only I ounce of the drug with 20 
 of Proof Spirit, the product being only about one third as 
 strong as the U. S. 
 
 The U.S. Tincture is a narcotic poison, acting as a sedative 
 in small doses. The dose is 3 to 10 minims. 
 
 3447. Tinctura Benzoini. 
 
 Tinet nrc of Benzoin. 
 Benzoin 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, suflii ienl to make [00 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the powder with a pint and a halt of Alcohol and mac- 
 erate for seven day. iii a closed vessel, then filter through 
 paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol t" make the 
 Tincture measure 2 pints. {J. S. [880. 
 
 Tin German Tincture Benzoes is the same. 
 
890 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for making Tincture Aloes. 
 
 This is used in making some other preparations and in mak- 
 ing Aromatic Lotions, etc. 
 
 3448. Tinctura Benzoini Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 
 
 Benzoin, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Purified Aloes, ... 2 parts or 236 grains. 
 
 Storax y 8 parts or 2]/^ ounces av. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, ... 4 parts or lyi ounce av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to 
 
 make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the gums, etc., with a pint and a half of Alcohol and 
 macerate the mixture for seven days in a closed vessel, then 
 filter through paper, adding enough Alcohol through the filter 
 to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as directed for making Tincture of Aloes. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Benzoin 2 ounces av., Prepared Storax 
 \ x /t ounce av., Balsam Tolu x / 2 ounce av., Socotrine Aloes 
 160 grains, Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 This Tincture was once a popular panacea known as " Friar s 
 Balsam. 
 
 The dose is ^ to 1 fl. drachm on sugar or in sweetened water. 
 
 3449. Tinctura Bryoniae. 
 
 Tincture of Bryonia. 
 
 Bryonia, recently dried, in 
 
 No. 40 powder, ... 10 parts or 2^ ounce av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol and macer- 
 ate for 24 hoars, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture 
 are obtained. U. S. 1X80. 
 
TIXCTUR.-E — TINCTURES. S91 
 
 This Tincture may also be made by water-bath percolation 
 in the same manner as is directed for making Tincture Aconite 
 Root. 
 
 It is used as a hydrogogue cathartic in doses of I to 2 
 fi. drachms. 
 
 3450. Tinctura Buchu. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Buchu. 
 
 Buchu Leaves, in No. 20 powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Buchu for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit 
 in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer to a 
 percolator and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the per- 
 colation with the remaining 5 fl. ounces of Spirit, press the 
 drugs remaining in the percolator, filter the liquids obtained 
 and add through the filter sufficient Proof Spirit to make a 
 pint. 
 
 This is given in doses of I to 4 teaspoonfuls as a diuretic, etc. 
 
 3451. Tincture Calami. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Calamus {Sweet Flag). 
 
 Calamus 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts. Prepare a Tinc- 
 ture by maceration or percolation. 
 
 This is used as a stomachic and for flavoring other 
 ■ preparations. 
 
 3452. Tinctura Calendulae. 
 
 Tincture of Calendula or Marigold. 
 
 Calendula, in No. 20 powder, .... 6 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Moisten the powder with [2 fl.ounces of diluted Alcohol 
 and macerate for 24 hours, then pack- it firmly in a cylindrical 
 percolator, and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. [880. 
 
892 TIXCTURiE — TINCTURES. 
 
 The U. S. official Tincture of Calendula is intended to be 
 made from the herb, but it is much more frequently made 
 from the flowers, which are preferable for the purpose. 
 
 .MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Calendula (flowers), in No. 20 powder, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 22 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Make in the same manner as is directed for making Tincture 
 of Arnica Flowers. 
 
 The Calendula Flowers, when dry, can be reduced to a 
 coarse powder by rubbing through a coarse sieve. 
 
 The proportion of Alcohol used in this formula is greater 
 than the pharmacopoeia directs, but is no more than is required 
 to hold the medicinal properties in solution. 
 
 3453. Tinctura Calumbae. 
 
 Tincture of Calnmba. 
 
 Calumba, No. 20 powder, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 
 
 Water, \ make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water (by weight) in proportion of 3 parts 
 of Alcohol to 2 parts of Water, and, having moistened the 
 powder with 3 ounces of the mixture, macerate for 24 hours, 
 then pack it in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour men- 
 struum upon it until 2 parts of Tincture are obtained. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Calumba, in No. 20 powder, .... 3 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ) , rr ■ 1 
 
 f each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
 Water, ) r 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water as above and make a Tincture by 
 water-bath percolation as directed for making Tincture Arnica 
 Root. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2^4 ounces of Calumba to be made into 
 20 fl. ounces of Tincture with Proof Spirit. 
 
 This is given as a bitter tonic and stomachic in doses of *4 
 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 893 
 
 3454. Tinctura Camphorae Composita. Br. 
 
 Compound Tincture of CampJwr — ■ Paregoric. 
 
 The Br. P. gives the following formula under the above title, 
 the preparation corresponding nearly to the U. S. P. Tinctura 
 Opii Camphorata and the G. P. Tincture Opii Bcnzoica (which 
 see) : 
 
 Opium, in powder 40 grains. 
 
 Benzoic Acid 40 grains. 
 
 Camphor, 30 grains. 
 
 Oil of Anise, y 2 fl. drachm. 
 
 Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
 agitation, then filter and add sufficient Proof Spirit to make 
 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains % grain Opium. The dose is 15 to 60 
 minims. 
 
 3455. Tinctura Cannabis Indicae. 
 
 Tincture of Indian Cannabis — Tincture of Indian Hemp. 
 
 Indian Cannabis, 23/ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... a pint. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol and macer- 
 ate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until a pint of Tincture is 
 obtained. U. S. l88o. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLA I [I IN. 
 
 Indian Cannabis, in No. 40 powder, . ^]/, ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Moi^tc-n the powder with .\ ounces of Alcohol, pack firmly 
 in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and .1 half of 
 Alcohol and sel in a warm place for two days, then heat mod- 
 erately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
 to tin- drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 
 • if t he Tincture have passed. 
 
894 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 The Br. P. directs I ounce av. of Extract of Indian Hemp 
 to be dissolved in Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 The German formula directs 1 part of Extract of Indian 
 Hemp to be dissolved in 19 parts (by weight) of Alcohol. 
 
 The dose of the U. S. Tincture is 20 to 40 minims, of the 
 Br. and German preparations 5 to 20 minims. 
 
 3456. Tinctura Cantharidis. 
 
 Tincture of CantJiaridcs. 
 
 Cantharides, 5 parts or 606 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with an ounce of Alcohol and pack it 
 firmly in the cylindrical percolator, then gradually pour Alco- 
 hol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Cantharides, in No. 60 powder, . . . 600 grains. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Make in the same manner as directed for Tincture Cannabis 
 Indica. The dose is 3 to 15 drops. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Cantharides, in coarse powder, y± 
 ounce av., Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces, made by maceration. 
 Dose, 5 to 20 minims. It is only about one third the strength 
 of the U. S. preparation. 
 
 The G. P. directs Cantharides 1 part, Alcohol 10 parts, being 
 double the strength of the U. S. 
 
 3457. Tinctura Capsici. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum. 
 
 Capsicum, 5 parts or 600 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 
 
 Water, i make .... 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 parts of 
 Alcohol to 1 part of Water, and, having moistened the pow- 
 der with y 2 fl. ounce of the mixture, pack it firmly in a cylin- 
 drical percolator, then gradually pour menstruum upon it until 
 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 895 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Capsicum, in No. 30 powder, .... 600 grains. 
 
 ' ,- each sufficient to make ... 2 pints. 
 
 Water, * 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 parts of 
 Alcohol to 1 part of Water and moisten the drug with an 
 ounce of the mixture, pack it firmly in the water-bath percola- 
 tor, pour upon it a pint and a half of the menstruum and set 
 in a warm place for two days, then heat very moderately and, 
 after one hour, begin to percolate, adding the menstruum to 
 the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 pints 
 of the Tincture have passed. 
 
 The Br. P. formula directs ^ ounce of Capsicum with suf- 
 ficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 The G. P. directs 1 part of Capsicum with 10 parts of Alco- 
 hol, to be made by maceration. It is double the strength of 
 the U. S. or Br. preparation. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum is much used externally in liniments, 
 and is given as a warm stimulant in doses of 5 to 30 minims. 
 
 3458. Tinctura Cardamomi. 
 
 Tincture of Cardamom. 
 
 Cardamom, 15 parts or 4^$ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 4 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack in a Cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of the 
 Tincture are obtained. U. S. 18S0. 
 
 \i \\A : . i:\ \\.\ 1 ER-BA ill PERCOL VTH IN. 
 
 Cardamom, in No. 30 powder, . . . 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Make in the same manner as directed for Tincture Arnica 
 Root (3440). 
 
 This is given as an aromatic stimulant in doses ol % to 1 
 teaspoonful. 
 
896 T I NCTU R.E — TINCTU RES. 
 
 3459. Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom. 
 
 Cardamom, 20 parts or 280 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon 20 parts or 280 grains. 
 
 Caraway, 10 parts or 140 grains. 
 
 Cochineal, 5 parts or 70 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 60 parts or 1 x / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make IOOO parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the drugs and reduce them to a moderately coarse pow- 
 der, moisten them with an ounce of diluted Alcohol, pack 
 them firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour 
 diluted Alcohol upon them until 30^2 fl. ounces have passed ; 
 to this add the Glycerin and mix them thoroughly. Filter if 
 necessary. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as Tincture of Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. formula directs Cardamom Seeds }£ ounce, Cara- 
 way Fruit (seeds) ^ ounce, Raisins, freed from seeds, 2 ounces. 
 Cinnamon Bark }4 ounce, Cochineal 55 grains, Proof Spirit 20 
 fl. ounces, to make a Tincture. 
 
 This is a pleasant aromatic, used chiefly for flavoring other 
 preparations. Dose, a teaspoonful. It is quite a favorite 
 addition to bitters or other stomachics, in which it is used 
 chiefly as a flavoring. 
 
 3460. Tinctura Cascarillae. Br. 
 
 Tincture Cascarilla. 
 
 Cascarilla Bark, in No. 40 powder, . 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make a Tincture by macerating 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of 
 tlic Spirit, then percolating with the addition of enough Spirit 
 through the percolator to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 This is a tonic and is given in doses of ^ to 2 fl. drachms. ' 
 
TIXCTURJE — TIN'CTUKES. 
 
 3461. Tinctura Castorei. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Castor. 
 
 Castor, 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 parts. 
 
 Make by maceration. 
 
 The formula for this Tincture was official in the U. S. 1870 
 Pharmacopoeia, Castor, bruised, 2 troyounces, Alcohol 2 pints. 
 Made by maceration. It is given as an antispasmodic. Dose, 
 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 3462. Tinctura Catechu Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Catechu — 18S0. Tincture of Catechu 
 — U. S. 1870. 
 
 Catechu, in No. 40 powder, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 Cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 8 parts or 2.y 2 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the powders, and, having moistened the mixture with 5 
 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, macerate for 24 hours, then pack 
 it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted 
 Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 
 1880. 
 
 The U. S. 1870 formula was Catechu 3 tr.ounces, Cinnamon 
 2 tr.ounces, Diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 2 pints. It 
 was called, simply, Tincture of Catechu. 
 
 The Br. formula is Catechu 2 l / 2 ounces av., Cinnamon Hark 
 1 ounce, Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. Making a preparation 
 nearly the same as the l T . S. 
 
 The German Tincture Catechu is prepared from Catechu 1 
 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, by maceration. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation as directed foi 
 
 Tincture Aloes 1 $435). 
 
 This Tincture is given as an aromatic astringent in doses of 
 y 2 to mfuls. It is a favorite addition Co diarrhoea 
 
 mixtures, astringenl washes for spongy gums, and othei 
 similar preparal ions. 
 
898 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3463. Tinctura Chinoidini. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Chinoidin. 
 
 Chinoidin, 10 parts. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 85 parts. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 5 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Chinoidin in the liquids and filter. Dose ]/>, to 
 a teaspoonful or more; 
 
 This is a tonic and antiperiodic used particularly for chills, 
 fever and ague, and malaria. Its extreme bitterness can be 
 overcome in a measure by adding 30 grains of Extract of 
 Liquorice, in powder, to each fl. ounce. 
 
 3464. Tinctura Chiratae. 
 
 Tincture of CJiirata. 
 
 Chirata, in No. 40 powder, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Chirata 2^ ounces, Proof Spirit to 
 make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 It is a bitter stomachic, similar to Tincture of Gentian. The 
 dose is y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 3465. Tinctura Chloroformi Composita. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Chloroform. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom, . . 5 fl. ounces. 
 Mix them. 
 
 Although this preparation is not official in the U. S., it is 
 frequently prescribed and used in this country. It is nearly 
 double the strength of the U. S. official Spirit of Chloroform. 
 
TINCTURES — TINCTURES. 
 
 3466. Tinctura Chloroformi et Morphinae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Cliloroform and Morphine — " Chlorodyne." 
 
 Contains in 10-minim dose. 
 
 Chloroform, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. \)/± minim. 
 
 Ether, 2 fl. drachms. ^ minim. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, . . 1 fl. ounce. \]± minim. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Mor- 
 phine, 8 grains. ^ grain. 
 
 Diluted Hydrocyanic 
 
 Acid, y 2 fl. ounce. ^ minim. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, . 4 minims. S L- minim. 
 
 Liquid Extract of Li- 
 quorice, 1 fl. ounce. 1^ minim. 
 
 Treacle, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Syrup, a sufficiency to 
 
 make 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Hydrochlorate of Morphine and Oil of Pepper- 
 mint in the Spirit and add the Chloroform and Ether. Mix 
 the Liquid Extract of Liquorice and Treacle with 3 fl. ounces 
 of Syrup and add to the previously formed solution, mix them 
 thoroughly, add the Hydrocyanic Acid and make up the vol- 
 ume of the liquid with Syrup to 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 This is a new Br. P. official intended to supply a popular 
 demand for " Chlorodyne," which was formerly a proprietary 
 medicine. Other formulas for Chlorodyne will be found else- 
 where. It is given in 5 to 10 minims doses as an anodyne. 
 
 3467. 
 
 Tinctura Cimicifugae. 
 
 Tincture of Cimicifuga {Black Cohosh) — Tincture of Actcea. 
 
 Black Cohosh, in No. 60 powder, . 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . 
 
 $ l /2 ounces a v. 
 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 4 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
 for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture art- 
 obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
900 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Black Cohosh, in No. 50 powder, . 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint 
 and a half of Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days, 
 then heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to per- 
 colate, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture have passed. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Cimicifuga 2y 2 ounces to be made with 
 Proof Spirit into 20 fi. ounces of Tincture by maceration and 
 percolation. 
 
 This is given as a tonic and anti-rheumatic in doses of 15 to 
 60 minims. 
 
 3468. Tinctura Cinchonae. 
 
 Tincture of Cinchona — Tinctura Chines. G. P. 
 
 Yellow Cinchona, in No. 60 powder, . . 6 ounces av. 
 Glycerin, 2 fi. ounces. 
 
 co 10 , eac ^ su f£ c i ent to ma ke . . 2 pints. 
 Water, I 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 23 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 7 fl. ounces 
 of Water, and, having moistened the powder with 6 ouncesof 
 the mixture, macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
 cylindrical glass percolator and gradually pour on the remain- 
 der of the mixture. When the liquid has disappeared from 
 the surface gradually pour on more of the mixture of Alcohol 
 and Water, using the same proportions as before, and continue 
 the percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 
 U. S. 1880. The U. S. 1870 preparation contained no Glycerin. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Yellow Cinchona, in No. 50 powder, . 6 ounces av. 
 Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, I , rr ■ . , 1 
 
 • each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
 Water, I 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 20 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 8 fl. ounces 
 of Water, moisten the powder with 6 ounces of the mixture 
 
TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 901 
 
 and macerate in a closed vessel for 24 hours ; transfer it then 
 to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon it the 
 remainder of the mixture and set in a warm place for 24 hours, 
 then heat very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to per- 
 colate. When the liquid has disappeared from the surface 
 add through the percolator enough Alcohol and Water, mixed 
 in the proportion of 2 measures of Alcohol to 1 measure of 
 Water, to complete the percolation and make 2 pints of Tinc- 
 ture. Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Red Cinchona Bark 4 ounces, Proof Spirit 
 to make 20 fl. ounces, in the same manner as the U. S. 
 
 The G. P. directs i part of Cinchona and 5 parts of diluted 
 Alcohol, to be made by maceration. 
 
 This is given as a tonic in doses of y 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3469. Tinctura Cinchonae Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cinchona — Huxhani s Tincture — 
 Tinctura Chinee Composita. G. P. 
 
 Red Cinchona, ... 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 Bitter Orange Peel, . 8 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
 Serpentaria, .... 2 parts or 260 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 10 parts or 2^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, J each sufficient 
 
 Water, ) to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 80 parts or 28 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
 and 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Water. Having mixed the Cin- 
 chona, Orange Peel, and Serpentaria, reduce them to a fine 
 (No. 60) powder, moisten the powder with 20 parts or 5 
 fl. ounces of the menstruum and macerate for 24 hours, then 
 pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator and gradually 
 pour on the remainder of the menstruum. When the liquid 
 lias disappeared from the surface gradually pour upon it enough 
 of a mixture of Alcohol and Water, using the same propor- 
 tions as before, and continue the percolation until 100. parts or 
 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The U. S. 1870 formula was about the same, except that no 
 Glycerin was used; this i-^ added to prevent the precipitation 
 
902 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 of cincho-tannic acid and other constituents, which occurs 
 when it is not employed. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation, with the 
 ingredients as above, in the same manner as is directed for 
 making Tincture Cinchona, preceding. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Red Cinchona Bark 2 ounces, Bitter 
 Orange Peel I ounce, Serpentary y 2 ounce, Saffron 55 grains, 
 Cochineal 28 grains, Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces, by mac- 
 eration and percolation. 
 
 The G. P. directs, under the title Tinctura Chinee Composita, 
 Cinchona 6 parts, Orange Peel 2 parts, Gentian 2 parts, Cinna- 
 mon 1 part, diluted Alcohol 50 parts. This is also called 
 Elixir Roborans. 
 
 This Tincture is much used as a tonic and stomachic, the 
 dose being ^ to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3470. Tinctura Cinnamomi. 
 
 Tincture of Cinnamon. 
 
 Cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 10 parts or 2l/% ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, l each sufficient to 
 
 Water, \ make . . . .100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 3 parts by 
 weight (22 fl. ounces) of Alcohol to 2 parts (12 fl. ounces) of 
 Water, and, having moistened the powder with 3 fl. ounces of 
 the mixture, pack it in a conical percolator and gradually pour 
 menstruum upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Make a Tincture of the ingredients named above by water- 
 bath percolation. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Cinnamon Bark 2 x / 2 ounces av., Rectified 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The G. P. directs 1 part of Cinnamon and 5 parts of diluted 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Tincture of Cinnamon is used as an aromatic and stimulant 
 in doses of x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 903 
 
 3471. Tinctura Cocci. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Cochineal. 
 
 Cochineal, in powder, 2 x / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
 agitation, strain, press, and add sufficient Proof Spirit to make 
 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 3472. Tinctura Colchici. 
 
 Tincture of Colchicum. 
 Colchicum Seed, in No. 30 
 
 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 4 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
 Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Colchicum Seed, in No. 30 powder, . Afi/% ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Colchici Seminum {Sem- 
 iuis /1, directs Colchicum Seed 2 l / 2 ounces av. with Proof Spirit 
 to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The (i. P. directs 1 part of Colchicum Seed with 10 parts of 
 diluted Alcohol. 
 
 This is used as an anti-rheumatic, the dose being 10 to 40 
 minims. 
 
 3473. Tinctura Colocynthidis. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Colocyuth. 
 
 Colocynth, with the Seeds I part. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 parts. 
 
 Prepared by maceration. This is a bitter stomachic and 
 cathartic, the d<>><- being 5 to 15 minims. 
 
904 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 3474. Tinctura Conii. 
 
 Tincture of Conium — Tincture of Hemlock. 
 
 The 1870 Pharmacopoeia directed Conium Leaves to be used 
 in this preparation, but in the present revision Conium Leaves 
 have been dismissed, the fruit only being officinal. 
 
 Conium (fruit), in No. 30 powder, . 4^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 2 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, 
 previously mixed with the diluted Hydrochloric Acid, and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it moderately in a conical 
 percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Conium (fruit), in No. 30 powder, . 4^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Hemlock Fruit 2]/ 2 ounces, Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 This is a sedative, the dose being 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 3475. Tinctura Croci. 
 
 Tincture of Saffron. 
 
 Saffron, 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, enough to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Saffron with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This is designed to be made from the foreign Saffron {Crocus 
 Sativus). Many American druggists do not keep this on 
 account of its high price, but use in its place American Saffron 
 or Safflower {CartJiamus Tinctorius), which much resembles it. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 905 
 
 It may be made by water-bath percolation as directed for 
 making Tincture Arnica Fiowers. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Saffron i ounce with Proof Spirit to make 
 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 The G. P. formula directs Saffron 1 part, diluted Alcohol 10 
 parts. 
 
 Tincture of Saffron is an aromatic, used to add to other 
 preparations and for its orange colors ; also given in doses of 
 y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 3476. Tinctura Cubebae. 
 
 Tincture of Cubeb. 
 Cubeb, in No. 30 powder, 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Cubeb, in No. 30 powder, .... 3>6 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root 13440). 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2^ ounces of Cubebs, in powder, with 
 Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 As the medicinal properties of Cubebs are better soluble in 
 a stronger alcoholic menstruum, this is the better formula. 
 
 This is given as a stimulant to the mucous membrane in 
 doses of y 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3477. Tinctura Digitalis. 
 
 Tincture of Digitalis {Fox Glove). 
 
 Digitalis, recently dried, 
 
 and in No. 60 powder, . 15 parts or 4?;; ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make ICO parts or 2 pints. 
 
906 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 5 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Digitalis, recently dried, in No. 50 powder, 4^5 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
 ner as is directed for making Tincture of Belladonna (3446). 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2]/ 2 ounces av. of Foxglove Leaves with 
 Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The G. P. directs I part of Digitalis and 10 parts of diluted 
 Alcohol. 
 
 This is given as an arterial sedative, the dose of the U. S. 
 Tincture being 5 to 30 minims. 
 
 3478. Tinctura Ergotae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Ergot. 
 
 Ergot, finely comminuted, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Ergot for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit 
 in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer to a per- 
 colator, and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the perco- 
 lation with Proof Spirit until 20 fl. ounces are obtained. 
 The dose is 5 to 30 minims. 
 
 3479. Tinctura Ferri Acetatis. 
 
 Tincture of Acetate of Iron {Ferric Acetate). 
 
 By weight. By measure. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Iron, 50 parts. 6y& fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 30 parts. 5^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Acetic Ether, 20 parts. 3% fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Alcohol and Acetic Ether and gradually add the 
 Solution of Acetate of Iron, taking care that the mixture 
 remains cool. 
 
 Keep the Tincture in glass stoppered bottles in a cool, dark 
 place. U. S. 1880. 
 
riNCTURiE — TINCTURES. 907 
 
 rademacher's tincture of acetate of iron. 
 
 This is much better known than the officinal Tincture. The 
 formula is therefore given : 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, pure 23 parts. 
 
 Acetate of Lead 24 parts. 
 
 Distilled Water, 48 parts. 
 
 Good Vinegar 96 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 80 parts. 
 
 Triturate the Sulphate of Iron and Acetate of Lead together 
 in a Wedgewood mortar until a thick magma results, then add 
 gradually the Water and Vinegar, and pour the whole into a 
 flask or bottle, which is to be kept at a temperature of 30 to 
 40 C. (86° to 104 F.) for three days, with occasional agitation ; 
 filter and let the filtrate stand for 30 days, occasionally shak- 
 ing, in a wide-mouth bottle, only half filled, and loosely cov- 
 ered with a plate of glass ; then add 80 parts of Alcohol and 
 allow to stand ten days more in the same flask, and, finally, 
 filter. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is strong Solution Acetate of Iron 5 
 fl. ounces, Acetic Acid 1 fl. ounce, Rectified Spirit 5 fl. ounces. 
 distilled Water 9 fl. ounces. Mix and add sufficient distilled 
 Water to make the measure 20 fl. ounces. The dose is 5 to 30 
 minims. 
 
 The G. P., under the title Tinctura Ferri Acetici sEtherea or 
 Etherial Tincture of Acetate of Iron, is Solution Acetate of 
 Iron 80 parts, Alcohol 12 parts, Acetic Ether 8 parts. 
 
 3480. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron — Tincture Muriate of Iron. 
 
 By weight. 
 
 Solution of Chloridi- of Iron 35 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 65 parts. 
 
 Mix the Solution with the Alcohol and let it stand in a 
 closely-covered vessel at least three months, then transfer it to 
 glass-stoppered bottles. 17, S. 18S0. 
 
 In making this Tincture by the formula of the [&80 Phar- 
 macopoeia, if the articles used are of the standard strength, 
 
'.)( >8 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 the proportion will be about 8 fl. ounces of the Solution to 25 
 fl. ounces of Alcohol, but as the Solution of Chloride of Iron 
 as bought is not always of the same specific gravity as the 
 Pharmacopoeia directs, it is best to combine the ingredients by 
 weight. 
 
 The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Ferri Pcrchloridi, or 
 Tincture Perchloridc of Iron, directs strong Solution of Per- 
 chloride of Iron 5 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit 5 fl. ounces, dis- 
 tilled Water 10 fl. ounces, to be mixed and enough distilled 
 Water to be added to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Iron is one of the best known preparations of 
 Iron, acting as a tonic and astringent. The dose is from 10 to 
 30 minims, which should be diluted and taken through a tube 
 to prevent blackening the teeth. 
 
 A so-called Tasteless Tincture of Iron is considerably used. 
 See page 570. 
 
 3481. Tinctura Ferri Chlorati /Etherea. G. P. 
 
 Ethereal Tincture Chloride of Iron — Spiritus Ferri Chlorati 
 
 ALthereus — Liquor Anodynus Martiatus — Tinctura 
 
 Ton ico-Nervina Bestuscheffi. 
 
 Solution Chloride of Iron, 1 part. 
 
 Ether, 2 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 7 parts. 
 
 Mix them and expose in clear glass bottles to sunlight until 
 colorless, then remove to a shady place and open them occa- 
 sionally until the contents have again assumed a yellow color. 
 This Tincture contains 1 per cent, of Iron. 
 
 3482. Tinctura Ferri Pomatia. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Ferrated Extract of Apples — Stahltropfen. 
 
 Ferrated Extract of Apples, 1 part. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, 9 parts. 
 
 Dissolve and filter. 
 
 This Tincture (which is more properly a solution) is much 
 prescribed and used as a tonic in German practice. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 909 
 
 3483. Tinctura Gallae. 
 
 Tincture of Nutgall. 
 
 Xutgall, No. 40 powder, . 20 parts or 6 l < ounces aw 
 
 Glycerin, 10 parts or 2]/ x fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 30 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, and, 
 having moistened the powder with 4 ounces of the mixture, 
 pack it in a conical glass percolator, then gradually pour upon 
 it, first, the remainder of the mixture, and, afterward, diluted 
 Alcohol, until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Galls 2^2 ounces with Proof Spirit to 
 make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture. 
 
 The G. P., under the title Tinctura Gallarum, directs 1 part 
 of Nutgalls with 5 parts of diluted Alcohol. 
 
 This Tincture is given as an astringent in doses of ]4 to 2 
 fl. drachms. 
 
 3484. Tinctura Gelsemii. 
 
 Tincture of Gelsemium {Yellozv Jasmin). 
 
 Gelsemium (root), in No. 
 
 60 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
 and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
 percolator and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts 
 or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MAIM'. BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Gelsemium, in No. 60 powder, ... 4 ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a 
 half <.f Alcohol and set in a warm place for (wo days, then 
 
 heat very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, 
 
 adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and per- 
 colation until 2 pints <»f Tincture have passed. 
 
910 TINCTUR.K — TINCTURES. 
 
 A saturated Tincture is also prepared from the green root, 
 which is highly esteemed. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 2]/ 2 ounces of Gelsemium with Alcohol 
 to make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 Tincture of Gelsemium is employed as an arterial sedative, 
 the dose being 10 to 30 miniums of the official Tincture, but 
 much less of the green Tincture. 
 
 3485. Tinctura Gentianae. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian. 
 
 Gentian, 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 5 parts 
 
 Prepare a Tincture by maceration. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3486. Tinctura Gentianae Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Gentian. 
 
 Gentian, ...... 8 parts or 2^2 ounces av. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, . . 4 parts or i 1 /^ ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom, 2 parts or 280 grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
 cient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix the Gentian, Orange Peel, and Cardamom, and reduce 
 them to a moderately coarse powder, moisten the powder with 
 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then 
 pack it in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted 
 Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 
 1880. 
 
 This may be made with the same ingredients by water-bath 
 percolation as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Gentian \]/ 2 ounce av., Bitter Orange 
 Peel y^ ounce av., Cardamom Seed ]^ ounce av., with Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian Compound is a bitter tonic, a popular 
 remedy for dyspepsia and similar disorders. The dose is x / 2 to 
 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 911 
 
 3487, Compound Tincture of Gentian, 
 
 Improved. 
 
 Gentian, in coarse powder 2 x / 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom, a fine powder, .... y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Oranges, medium size, sweet, . . . Xo. 3. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 Peel the Oranges, squeeze out the juice and mix it with 12 
 fl. ounces each of Alcohol and Water, chop the Orange Peel 
 fine, mix it with the Gentian and Cardamom, and, having 
 moistened the drugs with 3 ounces of the mixture, macerate 
 for 24 hours in a closed vessel. Transfer it then to a percola- 
 tor, pack moderately, pour upon it the remainder of the mix- 
 ture and set in a warm place for two days, then begin to per- 
 colate, adding to the drugs, after the liquid has disappeared 
 from the surface, the remaining 4 ounces of Alcohol mixed 
 with 4 ounces of Water, and continuing the percolation with 
 Water, if necessary, until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 Lastly, after standing a few days for the albuminous matter 
 to separate, filter. 
 
 This makes an excellent Compound Tincture of Gentian, of 
 much better flavor than the official preparation. 
 
 3488. Tinctura Guaiaci. 
 
 Tincture of Guaiac. 
 
 Guaiac (resin), in coarse 
 
 powder, 20 parts or 51^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix the powder with a pint and a half of Alcohol and mac- 
 erate for seven days in a closed vessel ; then filter through 
 paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 
 pints of Tincture. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Guaiac, in coarse powder, . . . . 5 j ^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 Mix the Guaiac with an equal bulk of coarse sand and agi- 
 tate the mixture with a pint and a half of Alcohol in a wide-- 
 
912 TINXTUR.1-: — TINCTURES. 
 
 mouth bottle, cover the perforated diaphragm of the water- 
 bath percolator with burlap or coarse cloth and pour the 
 mixture upon it ; keep in a warm place for three days, then 
 heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, add- 
 ing Alcohol to the drug when the liquid has disappeared from 
 the surface, and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 
 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 
 
 This Tincture is given as an anti-rheumatic and laxative in 
 doses of J/? to i teaspoonful diluted. 
 
 3489, Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata. 
 
 Ammoniatcd Tincture of Guaiac. 
 
 Guaiac (resin), in coarse 
 
 powder, 20 parts or 51^ ounces av. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Am- 
 monia, sufficient to make 100 parts or sufficient. 
 
 The 1870 Pharmacopoeia directs the Guaiac to be macerated 
 with the Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia for seven days and 
 filtered. 
 
 The 1880 Pharmacopoeia directs to mix the powder with a 
 pint and a half of Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia and macerate 
 for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through paper, 
 adding through the filter Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 
 The filter should be well covered during filtration to prevent 
 evaporation of Ammonia. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Guaiacum Resin, in powder, 4 ounces av., 
 to be macerated with 15 fl. ounces of Aromatic Spirit of Am- 
 monia for seven days with occasional agitation, then filtered 
 and enough Alcohol added through the filter to make 20 
 fl. ounces. 
 
 The dose is l / 2 to 1 fl. drachm diluted. 
 
 Tincture of Guaiac, Alkaline. — An Alkaline Tincture of 
 Guaiac, not official, but known as Detvees Tincture of Guaiac, 
 is made with Guaiac Resin, in powder, 2 tr.ounces. Carbonate 
 of Potassium 45 grains, Pimenta, in powder, 240 grains, Diluted 
 Alcohol sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. Digest two weeks. 
 The dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
TINCTURE — TINXTURES. 913 
 
 3490. Tincturae Herbarum Recentium. 
 
 Tinctures of Fresh Herbs. 
 
 Under this heading the 1880 revision gives a general formula 
 for making Tinctures from Fresh Herbs. 
 
 The Fresh Herb, bruised 
 
 or crushed, .... 50 parts or 16 ounces aw 
 Alcohol (by weight), . . 100 parts or 3773 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Herb with the Alcohol for 14 days, then 
 express the liquid and filter. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-P.ATII PERCOLATION. 
 
 Tinctures of fresh herbs, flowers, barks, leaves, roots, etc., 
 may be made by water-bath percolation by the following 
 
 General Formula for Tinctures from Fresh 
 Herbs, etc. 
 
 The Fresh Herb, Bark, Flower, Leaf, 
 
 or Root, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Bruise, crush, cut, grate, or otherwise reduce the substance 
 to the proper condition for exhaustion and pack it in the 
 water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol and set 
 in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately, and, aft cl- 
 one hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug ami 
 continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half has 
 passed; remove the drug from the percolator, express, ami, If 
 the expressed liquid measures more than half a pint, evaporate 
 it to that measure and add t<> the percolate; but if it measures 
 less than half a pint, make up to that measure with Alcohol 
 and add to the percolate. Lastly, after standing for a few 
 days, filter through paper. 
 
 The so-called "Green Tinctures," "Saturated Tinctures," 
 
 "Specific Tincture-,," etc., may l»e made in this manner. A 
 
 great variety of Tinctures are prepared from green plants in 
 
 this manner. 
 
914 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 3491. Tinctura Humuli. 
 
 Tincture of Hops — Tincture Lupuli. Br. 
 
 Hops, No. 20 powder, . 20 parts or 6^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make ..... 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 12 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol 
 and macerate for 24 hours, then pack firmly in a cylindrical 
 percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Hops, in No. 20 powder, 6}^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
 ner as directed for Tincture Belladonna. 
 
 The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Lupuli, directs Hops 2 Y / 2 
 ounces av. with Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The dose of Tincture of Hops is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms as a 
 tonic and nervine. 
 
 3492. Tinctura Hydrastis. 
 
 Tincture of Hydrastis (Golden Seal). 
 
 Hydrastis, in No. 60 
 
 powder, 20 parts, or 6^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 5 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
 Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation as directed for 
 Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 
 

 TINCTURE — TINCTU RES. 915 
 
 3493. Tinctura Hyoscyami. 
 
 Tincture Hyoscyamus {Henbane). 
 
 Hyoscyamus Leaves, re- 
 cently dried, in No. 60 
 
 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 4 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Hyoscyamus Leaves, in No. 50 powder, 4^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
 ner as is directed for Tincture Belladonna (3446). 
 
 The Br. P. directs Hyoscyamus 2.y 2 ounces av. with Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 This is given as an anodyne and sedative. Dose, y 2 to 1 
 fl. drachm. 
 
 3494. Tinctura Ignatiae. 
 
 Tincture of Ignatia. 
 Ignatia, in No. 60 powder, 10 parts. 
 
 AlCOhol, j , rr ■ . 
 
 ' - each sufficient. 
 Water, ) 
 
 This new official formula directs the powder to be exhausted 
 with Alcohol and Water, mixed in the proportion of 8 parts of 
 the former to 1 of the latter. A portion of the Tincture thus 
 obtained is then assayed to ascertain the quantity of dry 
 Extract of Ignatia which it contains, and from this the quan- 
 tity of extract which the whole percolate represents is to be 
 estimated. Menstruum is then to be added, if required, so that 
 1 part of the dried extracl may be contained in too parts of 
 tin Tincture. For the detailed formula see Tincture of Nux 
 Vomica, which is made in the same manner. 
 
916 TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 
 
 A more simple method of making it is as follows : 
 
 Extract Ignatia, Alcoholic, dry, . . 60 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, \ l / 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Alcohol and Water and dissolve the Extract in the 
 mixture. 
 
 This is the same strength as the officinal formula. 
 
 3495. Tinctura Iodi. 
 
 Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 Iodine, 8 parts or 495 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, • 92 parts or 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This is. quite different from the Br. P. formula, which is 
 Iodine y 2 ounce av., Iodide of Potassium ]/ 2 ounce av., dis- 
 solved in Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. The dose is 5 to 20 
 minims. It corresponds nearly with the U. S. 1870 Tincture 
 of Iodine Compound. 
 
 The G. P. formula, under the title Tinctura Jodi, is Iodine 1 
 part, Alcohol 10 parts. 
 
 The U. S. and G. P. Tinctures are seldom given internally 
 but are used for outward application as an absorbent, alone or 
 combined with other substances. When given, the dose is 1 
 to 3 minims. 
 
 3496. Tinctura Iodinii Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 This was official in the U. S. 1870 Pharmacopoeia, and is still 
 called for. 
 
 Iodine, 240 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium 480 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, a pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium in the Alcohol. 
 
 This Tincture is omitted in the present Pharmacopoeia. Its 
 only advantage was that it could be combined with Water 
 without precipitation. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 917 
 
 3497. Tincture Ipecacuanhae. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Ipecac. 
 
 Ipecac, . . 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 10 parts. 
 
 Make a Tincture by maceration or percolation. The dose is 
 15 to 30 minims. 
 
 3498. Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii. 
 
 Tincture Ipecac and Opium — Tinctura Dover i. 
 
 Deodorized Tincture of Opium, . . 15 fi. ounces. 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, .... \y 2 fl. ounces. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient. 
 
 Evaporate the deodorized Tincture of Opium to 12^ 
 fl. ounces. When it has become cold, add to it the Fluid 
 Extract of Ipecac, filter the mixture and pass through the 
 filter enough diluted Alcohol to make 15 fl. ounces. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This Tincture represents Dover's powder in a liquid form, 10 
 minims containing the strength of 1 grain each of Opium and 
 Ipecac. The dose is 10 to 15 minims. 
 
 3499. Tinctura Jaborandi. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Jaborandi — Tincture of Pilocarpus. 
 
 Jaborandi, in No. 40 powder, .... 5 ounces av. 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Jaborandi for 48 hours in 1 5 fl.ounces of the 
 Spirit in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer 
 to a percolator and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue 
 the percolation with the remaining 5 ounces of Spirit. After- 
 wards subject the contents of the percolator to pressure, filter 
 the produ< t, mix the liquids, and add suffii ienl Proof Spirit to 
 make 20 fl.ounces. 
 
 This may also be made by water-bath percolation as directed 
 
 for Tincture of I'.clladonna. Dose, y 2 to l tl. drachm. 
 
918 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3500. Tinctura Jalapae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Jalap. 
 
 Jalap, in powder, 2 1 /, ounces av. 
 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make a Tincture by maceration, percolation, etc., as directed 
 for the preceding. 
 
 This Tincture was official in the 1870 U. S. P., the formula 
 being Jalap 6 tr.ounces, Alcohol 2 parts to Water 1 part, a 
 sufficient quantity to make 2 pints. 
 
 The dose, as a purgative, is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3501. Tinctura Kino. 
 
 Tincture of Kino. 
 
 Kino, 10 parts or 360 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 15 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, J each sufficient 
 
 Water, \ to make . . 100 parts or y 2 pint. 
 
 Mix the Glycerin with 60 parts or 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol, and 
 15 parts or 1 ^ fl. ounces of Water, rub the Kino in a mortar, 
 adding gradually 30 parts or 3 fl. ounces of menstruum until a 
 smooth paste is made ; transfer this to a bottle, add the 
 remainder of the menstruum and macerate for 24 hours, occa- 
 sionally shaking the bottle, then filter through paper, adding 
 through the filter enough of a mixture of Alcohol and Water, 
 made in the proportion of 5 measures of Alcohol to 1 measure 
 of Water, to make half a pint of the Tincture. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Keep the Tincture in well-stopped bottles. 
 
 The great trouble with Tincture of Kino is its tendency to 
 gelatinize. This formula, if properly followed, is supposed to 
 overcome this difficulty. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Kino 2 ounces, Glycerin 3 fl. ounces, 
 Distilled Water 5 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit 12 fl. ounces. Mac- 
 erate for 7 days in a closed vessel, with occasional agitation, 
 filter, and add sufficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Kino is an astringent, given in doses of x / 2 to 2 
 fl.drachms. 
 
TINCTUR^E — TINCTURES. 919 
 
 3502. Tinctura Krameriae. 
 
 Tincture of Krameria {Rhatany). 
 Rhatany (Root), in No. 40 
 
 powder, 20 parts or 6 l /± ounces aw 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
 and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
 Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADK BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Rhatany, in No. 40 powder, . . . 6% ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. directs Rhatany Root 2% ounces av. with Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 The G. P., under the title Tinctura RatanJiice, directs Kra- 
 meria I part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, to be made by maceration. 
 Tincture of Rhatany is an astringent, given in doses of ^ to 
 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 35°3- Tinctura Laricis. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Larch. 
 Larch Bark, in No. 40 powder, . . 2^ ounces aw 
 
 Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Larch Bark for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
 Spirit, then percolate, adding Rectified Spirit through tin- per- 
 colator to make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture. 
 
 This is the Tincture of the European Larch, Abies Larix. 
 The close is 20 to 30 minims. 
 
 3504. Tinctura Lavandulae Composita. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Lavender > ('. S. 1880 Spirit us Lav- 
 endula Composita, U. S. 1870 Spirit of Lavender. 
 This preparation, which was formerly classed with Spirits, 
 has been very properly transferred t" the Tinctures in the 
 
920 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 present Pharmacopoeia. As the difference is so slight between 
 the 1870 and 1880 preparation, the latter formula only is given. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, ... 8 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, ... 2 parts or 30 minims. 
 
 Cinnamon, in coarse 
 
 powder, 18 parts or 230 grains. 
 
 Cloves, 4 parts or 52 grains. 
 
 Nutmeg, 10 parts or 128 grains. 
 
 Red Saunders, coarse 
 
 powder, 8 parts or 103 grains. 
 
 Alcohol (by weight), . . 680 parts or 23 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 270 parts or 7^5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
 cient to make . . 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and add the Water, crush 
 the Nutmeg in a mortar, mix with it the Cinnamon, Cloves, 
 and Red Saunders, and reduce the mixture by grinding to a 
 coarse powder; moisten the mixture with a sufficient quantity 
 of the Alcoholic solution of the Oils, pack it firmly in a cylin- 
 drical percolator, gradually pour upon it the remainder of the 
 Alcoholic solution and, afterward, diluted Alcohol until 1000 
 parts or 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is so similar that it need not be repeated. 
 
 Tincture of Lavender Compound is an agreeable stomachic 
 and aromatic. The dose is Vi to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 35°5- Tinctura Limonis. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Lemon Peel. 
 
 Fresh Lemon Peel, cut small, . . . 2^ ounces av. 
 Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 .Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
 agitation, strain, press, and filter; then add sufficient Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. It might with advantage be made 
 much stronger. 
 
 This is used for flavoring and given as an aromatic stimu- 
 lant in doses of V 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 921 
 
 3506. Tinctura Lobeliae. 
 
 Tincture of Lobelia. 
 Lobelia (herb), in No. 40 
 
 powder, 20 parts or 6%. ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Lobelia (herb), in No. 40 powder, . 6^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation as directed for 
 making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. directs Lobelia 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Proof Spirit 
 to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The G. P. directs 1 part of Lobelia with 10 parts of diluted 
 Alcohol. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 
 
 The dose of the U. S. and Br. preparations is from 10 to 30 
 minims. 
 
 3507. Tinctura Lobeliae ^Etherea. Br. 
 
 Ether ia I Tincture of Lobelia. 
 Lobelia, in coarse powder, .... 2 l /i ounces av. 
 
 Spirit of Ether (2971) 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
 agitation, then strain, press, filter, and add sufficient Spirit of 
 Ether to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 Dose, 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 3508. Tinctura Lupulinae. 
 
 Tincture of Lupuliu. 
 This was official in the 1S70 I'. S. I'., a- follows : 
 
 Lupujin p;; ounces aw 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
922 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 Pack the Lupulin in a narrow cylindrical percolator and 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. 
 
 Although this Tincture was omitted from the 1880 Phar- 
 macopoeia, it will be frequently called for. It may be made 
 by water-bath percolation in the same manner as other 
 Tinctures. 
 
 This must not be mistaken for the Br. official Tinctura 
 Lupuli or Tincture of Hop. See Tinctura Humuli. 
 
 3509. Tinctura Matico. 
 
 Tincture of Matico. 
 Matico, in No. 40 powder, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Matico with 3 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Matico, in No. 40 powder, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as directed for making Tincture Belladonna (3446). 
 
 3510. Tinctura Moschi. 
 
 Tincture of Musk. 
 
 Musk 10 parts or 337 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 45 parts or 4}i fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 45 parts or 3^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Musk in a mortar, first with a little of the Water, 
 until a smooth mixture is made, and then with the remainder 
 of the Water ; transfer the whole to a bottle, add the Alcohol, 
 and macerate the mixture for seven days, occasionally shaking 
 the bottle, then filter through paper, adding through the filter 
 
TINCTUR.K — TINCTURES. 923 
 
 enough diluted Alcohol to make the Tincture measure half a 
 pint. U. S. 1880. 
 
 As good grain Musk (which is to be used in this prepara- 
 tion) is worth from §25.00 to $35.00 per ounce, it will be advis- 
 able to touch this official very lightly. 
 
 The G. P. directs Musk 1 part, diluted Alcohol, Water, each 
 25 parts, made as above. 
 
 351 1. Tinctura Myrrhae. 
 
 Tincture of Myrrh. 
 Myrrh, in No. 30 powder. 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix the powder with a pint and a half of Alcohol and mac- 
 erate for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
 paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 
 pints of Tincture. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Myrrh, in No. 30 powder, . . . . $y 2 ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture in the same manner as directed for making 
 Tincture Guaiac by water-bath percolation. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Myrrh, in coarse powder, 2 l /> ounces av. 
 with Rectified Spirit to make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The G. P. formula is Myrrh 1 part, Alcohol 5 parts, made by 
 maceration. 
 
 3512. Tinctura Nucis Vomicae. 
 
 Tincture of Nux J "omica. 
 
 \ m ■-. Vomica, in No. 60 
 
 powder 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, / 1 re ■ 
 
 each sufficient. 
 
 Water, * 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion «>f s parts by 
 weighl (19 tl. .Mm. .-si of Alcohol to 1 pari 12 fl.ounces) <>f 
 Water; moisten the powder with 21 1 parts or 6 fl.ounces of the 
 mixture .m. 1 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
 cylindrical percolator and gradually pour menstruum upon it 
 
024 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 until the Nux Vomica is exhausted. Reserve the first 90 parts 
 of the percolate, evaporate the remainder to 10 parts, and mix 
 with the reserved portion. Of this Tincture (which should 
 measure about 2 pints), take any convenient number of parts, 
 and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to dryness ; weigh 
 the resulting extract, and, from its weight, calculate the quan- 
 tity of dry extract contained in the 100 parts of Tincture; 
 then dissolve the dried extract in the remainder of the Tinc- 
 ture, and add enough of the above menstruum to make the 
 product weigh so many parts that each 100 parts of Tincture 
 shall contain 2 parts of dry extract. Lastly, mix thoroughly, 
 and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Tincture thus prepared should represent about 20 parts 
 of Nux Vomica in 100 parts, and would, therefore, measure 
 about 2 pints. 
 
 Although the U. S. 1880 formula has the advantage of mak- 
 ing a preparation of definite strength, it will be seldom used 
 by the majority of druggists, because of the trouble and nicety 
 of calculation required to obtain the percentage of dry 
 extract. 
 
 The 1880 preparation is only about jj, the strength of the 
 1870, which was 8 tr.ounces of the drug to make 2 pints of 
 Tincture, and the process of macerating with gentle heat, 
 which was formerly employed, was of great advantage. 
 
 A simple method of making this Tincture of the required 
 strength is as follows : 
 
 Extract of Nux Vomica, dry, ... 60 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, i}4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Alcohol and Water and dissolve the extract in the 
 mixture. 
 
 The following formula will be found most expedient for 
 exhausting the Nux Vomica, and is sufficiently accurate for all 
 practical purposes: 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Nux Vomica, in No. 60 powder, . . ^ l / 2 ounces av. 
 
 ' \ each sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Water, ) r 
 
TIXCTUK.E — TINCTURES. 925 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 fl. ounces of 
 Alcohol to 2 fl. ounces of Water, and, having moistened the 
 Nux Vomica with 8 ounces of the mixture, macerate it for 24 
 hours in a closed vessel in a warm place, then pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a half of 
 menstruum and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat 
 moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 menstruum to the drug, and continuing the heat and percola- 
 tion until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 
 The dose of this Tincture is 5 to 20 minims. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Extract of Nux Vomica 133 grains, 
 distilled Water 4 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit sufficient to make 
 20 fl. ounces. One fl. ounce contains 1 grain of the alkaloids of 
 Nux Vomica. The dose is 10 to 20 minims. 
 
 The G. P., under the title Tinctura Strychnia directs Nux 
 Vomica I part, diluted Alcohol io parts, to be made into a 
 Tincture by maceration. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 
 
 3513. Tinctura Opii. 
 
 Tincture of Opium {Laudanuni). 
 
 As the U. S. 1870 and 1880 preparations are both used, the 
 formulas are given : 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Powd. Opium, 2-;^ ounces av. 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 Water, ... 16 fl. ounces. 40 parts or 1 2 ; 4 11. ounces. 
 Alcohol, . . 16 fl. ounces. 40 parts or 15^ fl.ounces. 
 Diluted Alco- 
 hol, sufficient 
 to make . . 2 pints. 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 < For 1X70 direction see U. S. 1'. [870.) 
 Rub the Opium in a mortar with the Water, previously 
 heated to the temperature of 90 C. i \>>.\ F.), until a smooth 
 mixture is made, and macerate for \i hours, then add the 
 Alcohol, mix thoroughly, and transfer the whole to a conical 
 dator; return to the percolator the firsl portion of perco- 
 late until it bei omes clear, and, when the liquid ceases to drop, 
 gradually pour on diluted Alcohol, continuing the percolation 
 until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. I . S. [880. 
 
926 TINCTURiE — TINXTURES. 
 
 Although powdered Opium is directed to be used in this as 
 well as all other preparations of Opium, it has not heretofore 
 been used by one druggist in a hundred. Two causes have 
 tended to bring about this result ; first, the higher price of 
 powdered Opium, and, second, its liability to sophistication, as 
 it has been formerly furnished ; but now that powdered 
 Opium, bearing the assay label of reliable houses, may be 
 obtained, this excuse is no longer tenable. 
 
 No process for making Tincture of Opium will be found so 
 efficient and economical as the process of water-bath percolation. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 (1870 U. S. P. Standard.) 
 
 Powdered Opium, 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Water, I pint. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Opium with the Water previously heated to boiling, 
 and macerate for 12 hours, then, having covered the perforated 
 diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with coarse cloth, pour 
 the mixture upon it; heat to about 8o° C. (176 F.) for two 
 hours, then add the Alcohol and, after half an hour, begin to 
 percolate, adding diluted Alcohol to the drug when the liquid 
 has all disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. Lastly, 
 after standing a day or two, filter through paper. 
 
 If moist Opium is used instead of powdered, 3^ ounces av. 
 may be used instead. It should be cut in small pieces and 
 rubbed with hot water in a mortar to a uniform pasty mass, 
 then macerated for 10 or 12 hours in a warm place, the Alco- 
 hol added, and percolated either by the ordinary process or by 
 water-bath percolation. 
 
 If it is desired to make Tincture of Opium of the 1880 
 strength by water-bath percolation, simply substitute the quan- 
 tities mentioned in the 1880 formula and proceed as directed. 
 
 Tincture of Opium is given as an anodyne in doses of 10 to 
 30 minims. It is also used extensively for external application 
 in liniments, etc. 
 
TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 927 
 
 The Br. P. directs Opium, in powder, I y' 2 ounce with Proof 
 Spirit sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces. Made by maceration. 
 Dose, 5 to 40 minims. 
 
 The G. P., under the title Tinctura Opii Simplex, directs 
 Opium, in powder, 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, Water 5 
 parts. To be made by maceration. 
 
 3514. Tinctura Opii Acetata. 
 
 Acctatcd Tincture of Opium. 
 
 This preparation was official in the U. S. P. 1870, and is now 
 occasionally called for. 
 
 Powdered Opium 2 tr.ounces. 
 
 Distilled Vinegar, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Opium with the distilled Vinegar, then add the 
 Alcohol and, having macerated for seven days, express and 
 filter through paper. U. S. 1870. 
 
 This Tincture is no longer official, and would not be here 
 noticed except that it is sometimes called for, and the formula 
 is convenient for reference. It has no advantages not pos- 
 sessed by Vinegar of Opium, and two preparations so similar 
 arc unnecessary. 
 
 3515. Tinctura Opii Ammoniata. Br. 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. 
 
 Opium, in powder 100 grains. 
 
 Saffron, cut small 180 grains. 
 
 Benzoic Acid [80 grains. 
 
 Oil of Anise 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Rectified Spirit, [6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Macerate for seven days in a well-closed vessel, with occa- 
 sional agitation, then strain, press, filter, and add sufficient 
 Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl.ounces. 
 The dose is 30 to 60 minims. 
 
928 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3516. Tinctura Opii Benzoica. G. P. 
 
 Benzoatcd Tincture of Opium — Paregoric Elixir. 
 
 Opium, in powder I part. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 1 part. 
 
 Camphor, 2 parts. 
 
 Benzoic Acid, 4 parts. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol 192 parts. 
 
 Prepare a Tincture by maceration. 
 
 This is similar to the U. S. Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 
 known as Paregoric, but contains a larger proportion of Cam- 
 phor and Benzoic Acid. 
 
 3517. Tinctura Opii Camphorata. 
 
 CampJwrated Tincture of Opium — Paregoric. 
 
 4 parts or 56 grains. 
 
 4 parts or 56 grains. 
 4 parts or 56 grains. 
 4 parts or 1 fl. drachm. 
 40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Powdered Opium, 
 
 Benzoic Acid, . 
 
 Camphor, . . 
 
 Oil of Anise, 
 
 Glycerin, ... 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Add 28 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol to the other ingredients 
 contained in a suitable vessel and macerate for seven days, 
 frequently stirring, then filter through paper in a well-covered 
 funnel and pass enough diluted Alcohol through the filter to 
 make 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Sixty grains of powdered Extract of Liquorice added makes 
 a darker and more desirable color. 
 
 The following formula will be found very convenient for 
 making Paregoric quickly or extemporaneously : 
 
 RAPID PROCESS FOR MAKING PAREGORIC. 
 
 Tincture of Opium (1870), . . . . i$4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Benzoic Acid, 60 grains. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, powdered, . . 60 grains. 
 Camphor, 40 grains. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 929 
 
 Oil of Anise I fl. drachm. 
 
 Glycerin, I fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Benzoic Acid, Camphor, and Oil of Anise in 
 the Alcohol, mix the Glycerin, Tincture of Opium, and Water, 
 and dissolve the Extract of Liquorice in the mixture; then 
 mix the two solutions and, after standing a few hours, filter 
 through paper. 
 
 The dose is 20 to 60 minims or more. 
 
 Tincturd CampJwrce Composita, Br., and Tinctura Opii Ben- 
 zoica, G. P., are corresponding but dissimilar preparations. 
 
 3518. Tinctura Opii Crocata. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Opium and Saffron — Sydenham's Laudanum. 
 
 Opium, in powder, 30 parts. 
 
 Saffron, 10 parts. 
 
 Cloves, 2 parts. 
 
 Cinnamon, 2 parts. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 150 parts. 
 
 Water, 150 parts. 
 
 Prepare a Tincture by maceration. The dose is 5 to 20 
 minims. 
 
 This is the same strength of Opium as the official Tincture 
 Opium. 
 
 3519. Tinctura Opii Deodorata. 
 
 Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 
 
 1 870. 1 880. 
 
 Powd. Opium, 2^ ounces av. 10 parts or ,V 4 ounces av. 
 
 Ether, . . . 8 fl. ounces. 20 parts or 8j^ fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, . . 8 fl.ounces. 20 parts or 8 fl.ounces. 
 Water, sufficient 
 
 to make . . 2 pints. [ 00 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 kul. the Opium in a mortar with [ 2 ounces of Water, grad- 
 ually added, until thoroughly softened, and macerate for [2 
 hours; then express, and repeal the operation twice, using the 
 
930 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 same amount of Water each time ; mix the expressed liquids, 
 evaporate the mixture to 3^ ounces and, when it has cooled, 
 shake it repeatedly with the Ether in a bottle, When the 
 etherial solution has separated, by standing, pour it off and 
 evaporate the remaining liquids until all traces of Ether have 
 disappeared ; mix the residue with a pint of Water and filter 
 the mixture through paper. When the liquid has ceased to 
 pass, add enough Water through the filter to make the filtered 
 liquid measure a pint and a half. Lastly, add the Alcohol and 
 mix them. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The directions for making are essentially the same in both 
 revisions. The proportion of Opium is the same as in the 
 ordinary Tincture of Opium. 
 
 A method of making Deodorized Tincture of Opium, in 
 which Petrolatum is used instead of Ether for separating the 
 objectionable properties, has recently been proposed by E. 
 Rother (A. J. P., February, 1883). If this process is rightly and 
 carefully conducted it will be attended with good results, but 
 it requires more care and attention than druggists usually 
 bestow upon it. 
 
 The following formula will be found the most expedient and 
 economical of any that has been proposed. The Opium may 
 be exhausted either by water-bath percolation, or as the Phar- 
 macopoeia directs, but the water-bath process is to be preferred. 
 
 3520. Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 
 
 Fenner's Improved Process. 
 
 (1870 U. S. P. Standard.) 
 
 Powdered Opium 2}( ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Gasoline (Petroleum Ether), 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Opium with 12 ounces of hot Water and macerate for 12 hours; 
 having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with 
 burlap or coarse cloth, pour the mixture upon it and heat it for four hours to 
 about 85 C. (185 F.), then begin to percolate slowly, adding Water to ihe 
 drug, and continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half has 
 passed, or until the drug is exhausted ; evaporate this percolate to 6 fl. ounces 
 and, when cool, mix it in a quart bottle with the Gasoline and shake it violently 
 and frequently during 12 hours; then, having inserted a small plug of cotton 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 931 
 
 in the neck, and stopped the lower orifice of a glass funnel with a cork, pour 
 the mixture in it and allow it to stand an hour to separate ; then loosen the 
 cork so that the lower stratum of liquid may be drawn off, and allow the 
 tarry matter and the supernatant Gasoline to remain in the funnel ; evapo- 
 rate from the drawn-off liquid thus obtained (which is the depurated solution 
 of Opium) all traces of Gasoline, mix it with a pint of Water and filter, pass- 
 ing through the filter sufficient Water to make a pint and a half of the fil- 
 tered liquid ; to this add the Alcohol and, after standing a few days, filter 
 through paper. 
 
 As thus prepared the Tincture contains the full strength of the Opium, 
 deprived of its noxious and objectionable properties. The Gasoline is more 
 efficient than the Ether for the purpose required and is entirely inexpensive. 
 
 If it is desired to make this Tincture of the 1880 strength, substitute the 
 proportions of the 1880 formula. 
 
 3521. Tinctura Pimpinellae. G. P. 
 
 Tincture of Pimpinel. 
 
 Pimpinel Root, . . . ; 1 part. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 5 parts. 
 
 Make a Tincture by maceration. 
 
 3522. Tinctura Physostigmatis. 
 
 Tincture of Calabar Beau. 
 
 Physostigma, in No. 40 
 
 powder 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
 for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. U. S. [880. 
 
 MADE BY w Al ER-BA III PERI 1 >] A.TION. 
 
 Calabar Bean, in No. 40 powder. . . 2\, ounces aw 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner a- i- dire* ted lor making Tinctura I relsemii 1 3484 1. 
 This is a narcotic sedative, used for neuralgia, etc. The 
 
 dose is 10 to 30 minims. 
 
932 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3523. Tinctura Podophylli. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Podophyllum {Resin). 
 
 Resin of Podophyllum, 160 grains or 1 part. 
 Rectified Spirit, ... 20 fi. ounces or 54.68 fl. parts. 
 Dissolve and filter. It contains 1 grain of the Resin in 1 
 fl. drachm. The dose is 15 to 60 minims. 
 
 Care should be taken not to be misled by the title of this 
 formula as an unofficial Tincture of Podophyllum (Mandrake 
 Root) is sometimes used. 
 
 3524. Tinctura Pyrethri. 
 
 Tincture of Pyrethrum (Pellitory). 
 Pyrethrum, in No. 40 powder, 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
 for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Pellitory, in No. 40 powder, ... 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as is directed for making Tinctura Cimicifugae (3467). 
 The Br. P. directs Pellitory Root 4 ounces with Rectified 
 Spirit to make 20 fi. ounces of the Tincture. 
 
 35 2 5- Tinctura Quassiae. 
 
 Tincture of Quassia. 
 Quassia, in No. 40 powder,. to parts or 3 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints 
 of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
TINCTURE — TIN'CTURES. 933 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Quassia, in No. 40 powder, .... 3 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
 ner as is directed for making- Tincture Arnica Root. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Quassia Wood, in chips, ^ ounce av. to 
 be macerated for seven days with Proof Spirit sufficient to 
 make 20 fi. ounces. It is only about one third the strength 
 of the U. S. preparation. 
 
 Tincture of Quassia is a bitter stomachic, the dose of the 
 U. S. being 15 to 60 minims. 
 
 3526. Tinctura Quininae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Quinine. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Quinine, 160 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Orange Peel, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Hydrochlorate of Quinine in the Tincture with 
 the aid of a little heat, then allow the solution to remain in a 
 closed vessel for three days, shaking it occasionally, and after- 
 wards filter. 
 
 The dose is l / 2 to 2 fl. drachms, a fl. drachm containing 1 grain 
 of the Quinine salt. 
 
 A Tincture may be made from any other salt of Quinine by 
 using the same quantity of the salt with 20 fl. ounces of 
 Tincture of Orange Peel, or by dissolving 40 minims of Oil of 
 Orange in 10 fl. ounces of Alcohol, and adding the Quinine 
 salt, dissolving, then adding 10 fl. ounces of Water. 
 
 3527. Tinctura Quininae Ammoniata. Br. 
 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Quinine, 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 160 grains. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia J 1 ., fl. ounces. 
 
 Proof Spirit 1 7 ' _• fl.ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine salt in the Proof Spirit by the aid of a 
 little heat and add the Solution of Ammonia. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
 is x / z to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
934 TINCTU RJE — TINCTURES. 
 
 3528. Tinctura Rhei. 
 
 Tincture of RJmbarb. 
 
 Rhubarb, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom, in fine powder, 2 parts or 270 grains. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Rhubarb and Cardamom and reduce the mixture to 
 a moderately coarse (No. 40) powder, moisten the powder with 
 4 ounces of diluted Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then 
 pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour 
 diluted Alcohol upon.it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may also be made from the same ingredients, by water- 
 bath percolation, as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Rhubarb Root, in No. 20 powder, 2 
 ounces av., Cardamom, Coriander, Saffron, each, bruised, % 
 ounce av., with Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Rhubarb is given as a stomachic in doses of 
 1 to 2 fl. drachms, and as a purgative in doses of y 2 to 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 3529. Tinctura Rhei Aquosa. G. P. 
 
 Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 
 Rhubarb, 100 parts. 
 
 Borate of Sodium (Borax), 10 parts. 
 
 Pure Carbonate of Sodium, 10 parts. 
 
 Water, 900 parts. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, 150 parts. 
 
 Alcohol, 90 parts. 
 
 Heat the Water to boiling, pour it upon the coarsely-cut 
 Rhubarb (freed from powder), the Borate of Sodium and Car- 
 bonate of Potassium, and allow them to digest in a closed 
 vessel for a quarter of an hour, then add the Alcohol and set 
 the mixture aside for one hour. Now strain the mixture 
 through a woolen cloth and express gently the undissolved 
 portion. Finally, add the Cinnamon Water in the proportion 
 of 150 parts to 850 parts of the strained liquid. 
 
 The dose of this Tincture is 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a laxative. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 035 
 
 3530. Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. 
 
 Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb — Spiced Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 
 Rhubarb 20 parts or 6^4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon 4 parts or 1 ^ ounces av. 
 
 Cloves, 4 parts or 1 ' + ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg 2 parts or 2j' : grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
 cient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Rhubarb, Cinnamon, Cloves, and Nutmeg and. 
 reduce the mixture to a moderately coarse powder, moisten 
 the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U- S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 From the same ingredients as directed make a Tincture by 
 water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
 making Tinctura Aurantii Amari 13445). 
 
 This is given for diarrhoea of children especially, acting first 
 as a purgative, then as an astringent. The dose is a teaspoon- 
 ful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3531. Tinctura Rhei Dulcis. 
 
 Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 
 Rhubarb 8 parts or 2^4 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice (Root), . . 4 parts or [jS^ ounces av. 
 
 Anise 4 parts or 1 ' + ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom 1 part or [36 grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, suffici- 
 ent to make . . . [00 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix the Rhubarb, Liquorice, Anise, and Cardamom ard 
 reduce them to a moderately coarse (No. 40) powder, mi 
 the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 ni.K erate for 2 1 hour., then pat k it firmly in .1 cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
 or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. I . S. [880. 
 
936 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 From the same ingredients as directed make a Tincture by 
 water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
 making Tincture of Arnica Root (3440). 
 
 This is a weak, pleasant Tincture of Rhubarb, generally 
 given to children in doses of a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3532. Tinctura Rhei et Sennae. 
 
 Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. 
 Although this Tincture has been dismissed from the present 
 revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia it is still considerably 
 used. It was formerly known as Warner s Gout Cordial, and 
 has been an officinal preparation for many generations. Why 
 it should be dismissed and other much less frequently used 
 preparations retained is not apparent. The following is the 
 formula: 
 
 Rhubarb, in moderately coarse powder, 480 
 Senna, in moderately coarse powder, . 
 Coriander, in moderately coarse powder, 
 Fennel, in moderately coarse powder, 
 Liquorice Extract, in moderately coarse 
 
 powder, . . . • 
 
 Raisins, deprived of their seeds, . . 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 
 
 Macerate for seven days, express, and filter through paper. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful as a laxative. 
 
 3533- Tinctura Rhei Vinosa. G. P. 
 
 Vinous Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 This preparation should properly be included with the 
 Wines instead of the Tinctures, but is classed as above in 
 the G. P. 
 
 Rhubarb, 8 parts. 
 
 Orange Peel, 2 parts. 
 
 Cardamom, 1 part. 
 
 Sherry Wine, 100 parts. 
 
 Sugar, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 l8o 
 
 grains. 
 
 20 
 
 grains. 
 
 60 
 
 grains. 
 
 60 
 
 grains. 
 
 30 
 
 grains. 
 
 6% 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 3 
 
 pints. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 937 
 
 Make a Tincture by maceration and expression and in the 
 filtered liquid obtained dissolve one seventh of its weight of 
 Sugar. The dose is 2 to 4 fl. drachms or more. 
 
 3534. Tinctura Sabinae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Savine. 
 
 Savine Tops, coarsely powdered, . . 2)4 ounces av. 
 
 Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture by maceration and per- 
 colation. 
 
 3535- Tinctura Sanguinariae. 
 
 Tincture of Sanguinaria (Bloodroof). 
 
 Sanguinaria, in Xo. 60 powder, 15 parts or 4^5 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, / , «• . . 
 
 • each sufficient. 
 Water, j 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts < by 
 weight), or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol with 1 part (by weight |, or 
 10 fl. ounces of Water, moisten the powder with 3 ounces of 
 the mixture and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in 
 a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour the menstruum 
 upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. (J. S. [880. 
 
 maim: by w.vi er-bath perc< >la rn in. 
 Bloodroot, in No. 60 powder, . . . 4^3 ounces av. 
 Alcohol 24 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water IO tl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficienl to make 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Alcohol and Water, moisten the powder with 4 
 ounces of the mixture and macerate for 24 hours in a closed 
 vessel, transfer it to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
 poui upon it the remainder of the menstruum and set in .1 
 warm place for two days, then lu-.it moderately and, after one 
 hour, begin to percolate; when the liquid has all disappeared 
 from the surface of the drug add sufficienl diluted Alcohol, 
 
938 TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 through the percolator, to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. 
 Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 
 
 This is given as a stimulating expectorant and tonic in doses 
 of 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 3536. Tinctura Saponis Viridis. 
 
 Tincture of Green Soap. 
 
 Green Soap, 65 parts or 10 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, ... 2 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
 Mix the Soap and the Oil of Lavender with 33 parts or 6 
 fl. ounces of Alcohol and let the mixture macerate until the 
 Soap is dissolved, then filter through paper, adding Alcohol 
 through the filter until 100 parts or 1 pint of Tincture is 
 obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This preparation may be quickly made by heating the ingre- 
 dients together in the water-bath percolator until the Soap is 
 dissolved and then drawing off the liquid. 
 
 3537- Tinctura Scillae. 
 
 Tincture of Squill. 
 Squill, in No. 30 powder, . 15. parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
 
 to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 6 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it moderately in a conical 
 percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-HATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
 manner as Tincture of Belladonna. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Squill 2]/ 2 ounces av., Proof Spirit to make 
 20 fl. ounces. Made as the U. S. preparation. 
 
 The G. P. directs Squill 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, 
 made by maceration. 
 
 Tincture of Squill is diuretic and expectorant. The dose is 
 10 to 30 minims. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 939 
 
 353^- Tinctura Senegae. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Senega. 
 
 Senega Root, in Xo. 40 powder, . . 2 l / 2 ounces av. 
 Proof Spirit, to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Senega for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
 Spirit, percolate and add Spirit through the percolator to make 
 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 It may also be made by water-bath percolation. 
 
 This is a tonic expectorant. The dose is ^ to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3539- Tinctura Sennas. Br. 
 
 Tincture of Senna — Compound Tincture of Senna. 
 
 Senna, broken small 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
 
 Raisins, freed from seeds 2 ounces av. 
 
 Caraway Fruit (Seeds), bruised, . . l / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Coriander Fruit 1 Seeds 1, bruised, . x /> ounce av. 
 
 Proof Spirit, to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the ingredients for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
 Spirit, then percolate, adding sufficient Spirit through the per- 
 colator to produce 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the 
 same manner as is directed for Tincture Belladonna. 
 
 This preparation was formerly known as Elixir Salutis. It 
 is an excellent laxative in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 
 
 3540. Tinctura Serpentariae. 
 
 Tincture of Scrpcntaria — Tincture of Serpeutary. 
 
 Serpentaria, in No. 40 powder, io parts or 3 ounces av. 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to 
 
 make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 3 ounces. .f diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hour-, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
 colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
 pint- of Tincture are obtained. U.S. [880. 
 
940 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 'With the same ingredients make a Tincture by water-bath 
 percolation as directed for making Tincture of Arnica Root 
 
 (3440). 
 
 The Br. P. directs Serpentary 2]/ 2 ounces, Proof Spirit to 
 make 20 fl. ounces. Made by maceration and percolation as 
 directed in the preceding. 
 
 The dose is J / 2 to 2 fl. drachms as a stimulant and diaphoretic. 
 
 3541. Tinctura Sumbul. 
 
 Tincture of Sumbul. ^ 
 
 Sumbul, in No. 30 powder, 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
 and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
 percolator and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts 
 or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Sumbul, in No. 30 powder, .... 2^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture in the same manner as directed for making 
 Tincture of Gelsemium. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Sumbul 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Rectified 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 This is used as a nervine in doses of 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 3542. Tinctura Tolutana. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu. 
 
 U. S. 1870. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Macerate the Balsam with the Alcohol until it is dissolved, 
 then filter through paper. 
 
 This Tincture contains a larger proportion of Tolu than the 
 U. S. 1880 preparation, and should be used when it is desired 
 to make Syrup of Tolu by the U. S. 1870 formula. 
 
TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 941 
 
 U. S. I 88c. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Add the Balsam of Tolu to. 30 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 
 macerate until dissolved, then filter through paper, adding 
 through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 pints. 
 
 Both the 1870 and 1880 formulas are given, as the former is 
 still used for making the former official Syrup of Tolu. 
 
 This Tincture may be quickly made by the aid of heat. The 
 Balsam and the Alcohol may be put together in a bottle and 
 macerated in a water-bath until the Balsam is dissolved. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Balsam of Tolu 2y 2 ounces av. with suf- 
 ficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The dose is from 20 to 40 minims. 
 
 3543- Tinctura Valerianae. 
 
 Tincture of Valerian. 
 
 Valerian, in No. 60 powder, 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 
 
 Water, ) make .... 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts (by 
 weight) or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol to 1 part or 10 fl. ounces of 
 Water; moisten the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of the 
 mixture and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
 cylindrical percolator and gradually pour menstruum upon it 
 until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Valerian, in No. 50 powder 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, / 
 Water, I 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water as above and make a Tincture by 
 water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
 making Tincture Calumba. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Valerian Root 2]/> ounces av. with Proof 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture by maceration and 
 
 percolation. 
 
 each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
 
942 TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 The G. P. directs Valerian i part with diluted Alcohol 5 
 parts, to be made by maceration. 
 
 Tincture of Valerian is given as a nervine, the dose being 1 
 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3544. Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata. 
 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. 
 
 Valerian, 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 
 
 sufficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Aromatic Spirit of 
 Ammonia and macerate for 24 hours in a closed vessel, then 
 pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator and gradually 
 pour Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia upon it until 2 pints of 
 Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Valerian Root 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Aro- 
 matic Spirit of Ammonia to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture by 
 maceration. 
 
 This is used as a stimulant and nervine, the dose being 30 
 to 60 minims. 
 
 3545. Tinctura Valerianae ^therea. G. P. 
 
 Etkerial Tincture of Valerian. 
 
 Valerian, 1 part. 
 
 Spirit of Ether, 5 parts. 
 
 Prepare a Tincture by maceration. The dose is 20 to 60 
 minims. 
 
 3546. Tinctura Vanillae. 
 
 Tincture of Vanilla. 
 
 Vanilla, cut small and bruised, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, in coarse powder, ... 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 
 
 Water, \ make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts (by 
 
 weight) or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol to I part or 10 fl. ounces of 
 
 Water, macerate the Vanilla in 50 parts or 1 pint of this mix- 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 943 
 
 ture for 12 hours, then drain off the liquid and set it aside. 
 Transfer the Vanilla to a mortar, beat it with the Sugar into a 
 uniform powder, then pack it in a percolator and pour upon it 
 the reserved liquid; when this has disappeared from the sur- 
 face gradually pour on menstruum and continue the percola- 
 tion until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 
 
 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 Vanilla, cut small and bruised, ... 3 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, granulated 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, I each sufficient to make _ _ 2 ints 
 
 W ater, * 
 Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 24 fl. ounces of 
 Alcohol to 10 fl. ounces of Water, moisten the Vanilla with 3 
 ounces of the mixture and macerate in a closed vessel for 24 
 hours, transfer it to a mortar and beat it thoroughly with the 
 Sugar until it is reduced to a coarse powder, pack this very 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it about a pint 
 and a half of the menstruum and set in a warm place for two 
 days, then heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to 
 percolate, adding the menstruum to the drug and continuing 
 the heat and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 
 
 This Tincture may be used as a flavoring extract but is 
 stronger than is usually sold for that purpose. Formula' for 
 flavoring extracts of Vanilla will be found on pages 419 
 and 420. 
 
 3547. Tinctura Veratri Viridis. 
 
 Tincture of Veratrum Viride [American Hellebore?) 
 
 Veratrum Viride, in No. 
 60 powder 50 parts or n'_. ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 pails or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
 for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. V . S. [8 
 
 The dose is 3 to 10 minims. 
 
944 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 Veratrum Viride, in No. 50 powder, 14^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
 ner as is directed for making Tincture of Aconite Root (3432). 
 
 This Tincture is made to take the place of Norwood's Tinc- 
 ture of Veratrum Viride, which has become popular on account 
 of its reliability. The original Norwood's Tincture is made 
 from the green root of the American Hellebore and is probably 
 superior to any preparation made from the dried root. This 
 Tincture may be prepared from the green root in the same way 
 as is directed for making Tinctures Herbarum Recentium, which 
 see. 
 
 The Br. P. formula directs green Hellebore, Rhizome, in 
 No. 40 powder, 4 ounces av. with Rectified Spirit sufficient to 
 make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture, by maceration and percolation. 
 (Although this is called Tincture of Green Hellebore, the adjec- 
 tive relates to the color, and not the green or recent root, as is 
 directed for making Norwood's Tincture. See above.) 
 
 This is only about one third the strength of the U. S. prep- 
 aration. The dose is 5 to 20 minims. 
 
 The G. P. formula is White Hellebore 1 part, diluted Alco- 
 hol 10 parts, being only about one sixth as strong as the U. S. 
 and one half as strong as the Br. 
 
 Tincture of Veratrum is used as an arterial sedative in 
 fevers, delirium, etc. 
 
 3548. Tinctura Zingiberis. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger. 
 As there is considerable difference in the U. S. 1870 and 
 1880 preparations, both are given. 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Ginger, in No. 40 
 
 powder, . . 8^ ounces av. 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
 Alcohol, suffici- 
 ent to make . 2 pints. 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Moisten the Ginger with 2 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
 for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
 
TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 945 
 
 gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
 obtained. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
 
 (1880 U. S. P. Standard.) 
 
 Ginger, in Xo. 40 powder 5.^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the Ginger with 4 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a 
 half of Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days, then 
 heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate 
 slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
 
 The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
 recovered by distillation. 
 
 The Br. P. gives two formulas, one of the same title as the 
 U. S., which is made with Ginger, Rhizome, 2)^ ounces av., 
 with Rectified Spirit sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces, made by 
 maceration and percolation. The other is called Tinctura Zin- 
 gibcris Forticr or Strong Tincture of Ginger, and is made with 
 Ginger 10 ounces av., percolated with sufficient Rectified 
 Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 
 
 The G. P. directs Ginger 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger is a warm stimulant, the dose being from 
 10 to 60 minims of the LJ. S. 1880 preparation. 
 
 Unofficial Tinctures. 
 
 The 1 Tinctures are those official in the leading 
 
 pharmacopoeias ; besides these are many other Tinctures which 
 are or have been popular, and which are more or less called 
 for, the principal ones Wring made by the formulae which fol- 
 low, which are arranged in classes as much as possible to avoid 
 repel ition : 
 
 SIMPLE TINCTURES. 
 
 3550. Tinctures Containing 10 per cent, of the Drug, 
 be made by the following general general formula: 
 Take of the drug, in powderoi thepropei fineness, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
 The menstruum, ;i sufficient quantity to make to parts or io fl.ounceSi 
 
946 
 
 TINCTUR/E — TINCTU RES. 
 
 Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it 
 and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer to a water-bath 
 percolator, add sufficient menstruum to well cover it and heat moderately ; 
 after one hour begin to percolate, adding more of the menstruum and con- 
 tinuing the percolation slowly until 10 parts or 10 rl. ounces are obtained. 
 The ordinary process of cold percolation may be employed but does not pro- 
 duce so satisfactory preparations. Some Tinctures are best prepared by 
 maceration altogether. They are designated with a *. 
 
 The following Tinctures are prepared after this formula and represent 
 about 10 per cent, of the drug : 
 
 UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TEN PER CENT. 
 
 Tincture Prepared From. 
 
 3551 
 3552 
 3553 
 3554 
 3555 
 3556 
 3557 
 3553 
 3559 
 356o 
 356i 
 3562 
 3563 
 3564 
 3565 
 3566 
 3567 
 3568 
 356q 
 
 Ailanthus 
 
 * Ambergris 
 
 Balm Gilead or Poplar Buds.. 
 
 * Balsam Copaiba 
 
 -'Balsam Fir 
 
 Canella 
 
 Chamomile (Anthemis) 
 
 Cocculus Indicus(F ish Berries) 
 
 Conium 
 
 Delphinum (Staphisagria). . . . 
 
 *Euphorbium 
 
 *Galbanum 
 
 Geranium (Cranesbill) 
 
 Gold Thread (Coptis Trif.) . . 
 
 Horse Chestnut 
 
 *Lactucarium 
 
 *Oxgall 
 
 Pareira Brava 
 
 Rhododendon (Laurel) 
 
 Bark 
 
 Buds 
 
 Balsam 
 
 Balsam 
 
 Bark 
 
 Flowers. . . . 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Leaves 
 
 Seed 
 
 Gum 
 
 Gum 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Bark 
 
 Insp. Juice. 
 Inspissated . 
 Rhizome . . . 
 Leaves 
 
 Diluted 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Diluted 
 Alcohol 
 Diluted 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Yz to 2 fi.drs. 
 For perfume. 
 Yz to 1 ti.dr. 
 1 to 2 fi.drs. 
 1 to 2 fi.drs. 
 
 1 to 4 fi.drs. 
 Yz to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 2 to 20 m. 
 Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
 External. 
 External. 
 
 1 to 3 fi.drs. 
 Yz to 2 fi.drs. 
 Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
 Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
 20 to 60 m. 
 r to 2 fl.drs. 
 1 to 2 fl drs. 
 Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
 
 3570. Tinctures Containing 15 per cent, of the Drug. 
 
 These may be made by the following general formula : 
 
 Take of the drug, in proper fineness for 
 
 percolation 2 parts or 2 ounces av. 
 
 The menstruum, sufficient to make . . .14 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it 
 and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer it to the water-bath 
 percolator, add menstruum to cover it, heat moderately and, after one hour, 
 begin to percolate, adding menstruum to the drug and continuing the perco- 
 lation until 14 parts or 14 fl. ounces of the percolate is obtained. 
 
 These may be made by ordinary percolation, but the product is not so sat- 
 isfactory. Some preparations are better made by maceration than percola- 
 tion ; such are designated with a *. 
 
TIXCTUR/E — TINCTURE; 
 
 947 
 
 UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES— FIFTEEN PER CENT 
 
 Tincture Prepared From. 
 
 3571 
 3572 
 3573 
 3574 
 3575 
 3576 
 3577 
 3578 
 3579 
 35SO 
 3581 
 35S2 
 3583 
 3584 
 3585 
 3^S6 
 
 'Amber 
 
 Blessed Thistle (Carduus)... . 
 Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum). 
 
 Cloves, Carophylles 
 
 Cochineal* (Coccus) 
 
 Dracontium (Skunk Cabbage) 
 
 Galangal (Catarrh Root) 
 
 'Guarana 
 
 Hedge Hyssop (Cratiola). . . . 
 
 Hellebore 
 
 ■ Monesia (Chrysophyllum). . . . 
 
 Musk Seed (Ambrette) 
 
 Pulsatilla (Anemone) 
 
 Rhus Toxicodend. (Pois. Oak) 
 
 Vittie-Vayr 
 
 Zedoaria 
 
 Resin 
 
 Root 
 
 Flow, heads 
 
 Whole 
 
 Root 
 
 Rhizome . .. 
 Extract. . . . 
 
 Plant 
 
 Root 
 
 Extract. . . . 
 
 Seed 
 
 Plant 
 
 Plant 
 
 Root 
 
 Root 
 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Alcohol 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 1 Hinted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 Diluted 
 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol . 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 Alcohol. 
 
 y z to 1 fl.dr. 
 r to 2 fl.drs. 
 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 Coloring. 
 1 to 4 fl.drs. 
 y z to r fl.dr. 
 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 y z to I fl.dr. 
 y 2 to 2 fl drs. 
 '_. to 1 fl.dr. 
 10 to 40 m. 
 5 to 40 m. 
 15 to 30 m. 
 V, to 1 fl.dr. 
 
 3588. Tinctures Containing- 20 per cent, of the Drug - . 
 
 These may be made by the following general formula : 
 
 Take of the drug, in proper fineness for 
 
 percolation 3 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 The menstruum, sufficient to make . .15 parts or 15 ll. ounces. 
 
 Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it and 
 macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer to the water-bath per- 
 colator, add menstruum sufficient to well cover the drug, heat moderately 
 and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding menstruum to the drug and 
 continuing the percolation until 15 parts or 15 ll. ounces of the percolate is 
 obtained. 
 
 These may be made by ordinary cold percolation but the product is not so 
 satisfactory. Some preparations are better made by maceration than perco- 
 lation ; such are designated with a *. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TWENTY PER CENT. 
 
 3589 
 359° 
 359' 
 3592 
 3593 
 3594 
 3595 
 359" 
 3597 
 
 Tincture Prepared From. 
 
 Alkanet or Aucfausa Root Ucohol Coloi IDg 
 
 Angostura r.ark I Hinted Alcohol . 1 to 3 B.drs. 
 
 Araiia Spinosa (Prickly Elder) Bark Dilated Alcohol. 10 to 60 m. 
 
 Arbor Vita (Thuja) Fresh twigs. . Alcohol i to 4 tl.ilrs. 
 
 Aspidosperma (Quebracho).. . Bark Alcohol 1 to 2 ll.drs. 
 
 ^Balsam Peru Balsam Alcohol 5 to 30 m. 
 
 Baptisia (Wild Indigo) Root \lcohol I 5 to DO m. 
 
 Blue Flag (Iris Versicolor).. .Root Alcohol 5 to 15 m. 
 
 Boldo I Leaves A lcohol 51040m. 
 
948 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TWENTY PER CENT.— Continued. 
 
 Tincture Prepared From. 
 
 359SJ Castor Oil Beans (Ricinus). . .Fruit j Alcohol 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3599 Contrayerva Root Alcohol ' l / 2 to 1 fl.dr. 
 
 3600 1 Corydalis (Turkey Corn) .... Tubers Diluted Alcohol.:^ to 2 fl.dr. 
 
 3601 Coto Bark Alcohol 15 to 75 m. 
 
 3602 Croton Seed Fruit I Alcohol 5 to 15 m. 
 
 3603 Culver's Root (Leptandra). . .jRoot Diluted Alcohol. ^ to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3604 1 Elecampane Root Diluted Alcohol. l / 2 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3605 Erigeron (Fleabane) [Plant Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3606' Eucalyptus [Leaves Alcohol 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3607 Guaiacum Wood Wood Diluted Alcohol . 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 360S Kamala, Rottlera Glands Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 3609 * Mastic I Resin Alcohol For cement. 
 
 3610 Matico Leaves Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 
 
 361 1 Orris (Iris Florentina) Rhizome . . . .jDiluted Alcohol. Perfume. 
 
 3612 Phytolacca or Poke 'Berries or root Diluted Alcohol. 20 to 60 m. 
 
 3613 *Red Gum Gum Alcohol 20 to 40 m. 
 
 3614 Rose (Red Rose) Petals Diluted Alcohol. Flavoring. 
 
 3615 Rosemary Tops Sp. of Rosemary Flavoring. 
 
 3616 Saponaria or Quillaya Bark Diluted Alcohol. Emulsions. 
 
 3617 *Scammony j Resin Alcohol , l / 2 to 1 fl.dr. 
 
 3618 Stillingia [Root Diluted Alcohol. 10 to 40 m. 
 
 COMPOUND AND UNCLASSIFIED TINCTURES. 
 
 3619. Tincture Absinthium Compound — Swedish.— Blessed Thistle, 
 Orange Berries, Galangal Root, each l / 2 ounce aw. Wormwood 1 ounce, 
 diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Dose, 1 to 3 A. drachms. 
 
 3620. Tincture Acetate of Copper, Rademacher's.— Acetate of Cop- 
 per in crystals, 154 grains. Dissolve in warm Water 4 flounces and add 2^ 
 fl.ounces of Alcohol. Dose, 2 to 5 minims. 
 
 3621. Tincture of Aloes, Alkaline — Swedish. — Aloes y 2 ounce, Liquor- 
 ice Extract \y 2 drachms. Cinnamon Water 8 ounces, diluted Alcohol 8 
 fl.ounces, Carbonate of Sodium 1 ounce. Digest and strain. Dose, 1 to 4 
 fl. drachms. 
 
 3622. Tincture Amber Alkaline. — Rub 2 ounces of Amber with Car- 
 bonate of Potassium sufficient to make a soft, pasty mass, dry this and digest 
 it in 16 ounces of Alcohol for 7 days, then filter. Dose, 20 to 30 drops. 
 
 3623. Tincture Ammonia Compound. — Mastic 120 grains, Alcohol 9 
 fl.ounces, digest until dissolved, add Oil of Lavender 14 drops, filter and mix 
 well with 20 fl.ounces stronger Water of Ammonia. This is used as an 
 antacid, antispasmodic, and stimulant. Aqua Lucia or Eau de Luce is 
 made by adding to this 4 drops Oil of Amber. This is given and applied for 
 snake bites, stings of insects, etc. The dose is 10 to 20 drops in water. 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 949 
 
 3624. Tincture Ammonio-Chloride of Iron. — Chloride of Iron and Am- 
 monium i ounce, distilled Water and diluted Alcohol, each 5 fl. ounces. Dis- 
 solve. Dose 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 3625. Tincture Antiscorbutic — (Paris Codex). — Fresh Horseradish 
 Root 8 ounces, Black Mustard Seed 4 ounces, Muriate of Ammonia 2 ounces, 
 diluted Alcohol 17 fl. ounces, Compound Syrup of Scurvygrass iS tl. ounces. 
 Macerate 10 days. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 3626. Tincture Ants — Tint turn Formicarum. — This was formerly offi- 
 cial in the Ph. G. and was prepared from ants recently collected, cleaned, and 
 bruised, 2 parts or ounces, Alcohol 3 parts or ounces, by weight. Macerated 
 8 days. 
 
 3627. Tincture Astringent —Dr. Copeland's.— Catechu % ounce, Myrrh 
 y 2 ounce, Peruvian Bark % ounce, Balsam Peru 1 % drachm, Spirit of Horse- 
 radish 1% ounce, Alcohol 12 fl. ounces. Mix, digest, and, after standing, fil- 
 ter. This is used for spongy gums, etc. 
 
 3628. Tincture Bloodroot Acetous— Tinctura Sanguinarice Acetata 
 Composita. — This is an Eclectic preparation, called also Acetous Emetic. 
 Bloodroot, Lobelia. Skunk Cabbage Root, each 2 ounces, distilled Vinegar 2 
 pints, Alcohol 2 ll.ounces. Macerate and percolate the drugs with the Vine- 
 gar and add the Alcohol. In small doses it is an excellent expectorant; in 
 doses of a teaspoonful it is an tmetic. Repeat if necessary. 
 
 3629. Tincture Bloodroot Compound — Tinctura Sanguinarice Compos- 
 ita. — This is made the same as the above except that diluted Alcohol is used 
 instead of Vinegar. The uses and dose are the same. 
 
 3630. Tincture Cactus — Tincture of Night Blooming Cereus. — The 
 fresh (lowers and stems of Cactus Grandiflora cut in small pieces and bruised, 
 5 ounces, Alcohol. 1 pint. Macerate for two weeks with occasional agitation, 
 then filter. A Saturated Tincture maybe made by preparing the fresh (low- 
 ers as directed and adding sufficient Alcohol to just cover them. This is 
 usually sold as fluid Extract of Cactus. The dose of the weaker Tincture 
 is 5 10 10 drops for heart disease, etc. 
 
 3631. Tincture Caulophyllum Compound — Blue Cohosh Compound 
 Amer. Disp. Blue Cohosh 2 ounces. Ergot 1 ounce, Water Pepper (Smart- 
 
 1 ounce, I >il of Savin 30 minims, Alcohol sufficient to make 24 ll.ounces 
 of I in< line. Macerate or percolate. This is an EmmenagOgue, given in 
 doses of 15 drops to 1 H.drachm. 
 
 3632. Tincture Cimicifuga Compound — Black Cohosh Compound 
 Amer. Disp. This is prepared by mixing Tincture of Black Cohosh 4 parts. 
 Tincture of Bloodroot 1 parts, and Tincture of Poke Rool 1 pari, it is used 
 for Rheumatism, et< , the dose being 10 to 50 minims. 
 
 3633. Tincture Cinchona Ammoniated— This is made by percolating 
 <.r macerating Cinchona 2 ounces with Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia sufficient 
 to make 16 ll.ounces. The dose is '_. to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
950 TINCTUK.E — TINCTURES. 
 
 3634. Tincture Cochineal Ammoniated. — Cochineal %. ounce, Water of 
 Ammonia % ounce. Alcohol 8 fl.ounces. Macerate and filter. Used for 
 whooping cough, etc. Dose, 5 to 10 drops. 
 
 3635. Tincture Cockroaches — linctura Blattcc. — This is prepared 
 from dried Cockroach, in No. 60 powder, 2 ounces aw, Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, 
 by maceration and percolation., The dose is 20 to 30 minims. 
 
 3636. Tincture Colchicum Seed Compound.— Colchicum Seed, in fine 
 powder, 2 ounces, Black Cohosh, in fine powder, 3 ounces, Diluted Alcohol 
 sufficient to make 2 pints, by maceration and percolation. The dose is 15 to 
 30 minims for rheumatism, etc. 
 
 3637. Tincture Corydalis Compound— Amer. Disp. — Turkey Corn, 
 Yellow Dock, Tag Alder, Figwort. Mandrake, each 1 ounce, diluted Alcohol 
 sufficient to make 22 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration and perco- 
 lation and dissolve 4 ounces of Sugar in the liquid. Trie dose is from 1 to 4 
 fl. drachms as an alterative. It is also called Scudders Alterative. 
 
 3638. Tincture Curcuma or Turmeric. — Turmeric, in fine powder, 4 
 ounces, Alcohol sufficient to make a pint. Macerate and percolate. This is. 
 used for coloring alcoholic solutions yellow. 
 
 3639. Tincture Elaterium. — Elaterium 8 grains, Alcohol 8 fl.ounces. 
 Triturate the Elaterium first with a small portion of the Alcohol, then add 
 the remainder. The dose is y z to 2 fl. drachms as a hydrogogue cathartic. 
 
 3640. Tincture Gentian Ammoniated — Elixir Antiscrofuleux. Fr. — 
 (Paris Codex). — Gentian 1 ounce, Carbonate of Ammonium %. ounce, diluted 
 Alcohol 32 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture. For acid stomach and low spirits. 
 Dose, 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 3641. Tincture Hydrastis Compound — Amer. Disp. — Hydrastis, Lobe- 
 lia Seed, each 2 ounces, diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 1 pint. This is 
 used externally. 
 
 3642. Tincture Iodine Decolorized.— This may be made by adding 
 stronger Water of Ammonia 1 part to Tincture of Iodine 5 parts, and then 
 adding a few drops of .Carbolic Acid. See, also, 1766, which is generally 
 preferred. 
 
 3643. Tincture Ipecac Compound — Tincture Opium and Ipecac — 
 Liquid Dover 's. — Fluid Extract of Ipecac i}4 fl.ounce, Tincture of Opium 
 sufficient to make 1 pint. Mix and filter. It may also be made with Deodor- 
 ized Tincture of Opium, instead, using the same quantity. A fl. drachm is 
 intended to represent 1 grain Dover "s Powder. 
 
 3644. Tincture Lobelia Compound — Antispasmodic Tincture. — Lobe- 
 lia, Sanguinaria, Skunk'Cabbage, Wild Ginger, Pleurisy Root, each X ounce. 
 Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, Water 5 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration 
 and percolation. Dose, 15 to 150 minims. 
 
 3645. Tincture Lobelia and Capsicum Compound — Antispasmodic 
 Tincture — Amer. Disp. — Lobelia, Capsicum, Skunk Cabbage, each 1 ounce 
 
TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 951 
 
 av., diluted Alcohol sufficient to make i pint. Make a Tincture by macera- 
 tion and percolation. Dose, 30 to 60 minims. 
 
 3646. Tincture Myrrh and Capsicum — Hot Drops — No. 6 — Pain 
 Killer. — Capsicum y z ounce, Myrrh 1 ounce, Alcohol 1 pint. Mix, macerate 
 in a warm place for a week or longer, and filter. Other additions are some- 
 times made to this and it is quite generally sold as Pain Killer. The dose is 
 ).\ to 1 ti. drachm in sweetened water. This is also made with }{ ounce of 
 Capsicum in a pint, instead of ' 2 ounce, as above. 
 
 3647. Tincture Opium Compound, or Diarrhoea Mixture. — Tincture of 
 Opium, Tincture of Capsicum, Spirit of Camphor, each 3 rl.ounces, purified 
 Chloroform 540 minims, Alcohol sufficient to make 14 fi. ounces. Mix the 
 Chloroform with the Alcohol and add the Tinctures. This is given for 
 diarrhoea in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 
 
 3648. Tincture Opium Deodorized with Nitre. — This is prepared in 
 the same manner as Deodorized Tincture of Opium, but instead of Alcohol 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether is used. It may also be made by evaporating Deo- 
 dorized Tincture of Opium to half its volume and making up to the original 
 volume with Spirit of Nitrous Ether. The strength and dose is the same as 
 ordinary Tincture of Opium Deodorized. 
 
 3649. Tincture of Phosphorus Compound.— Phosphorus 4 grains, Abso- 
 lute Alcohol 2>£ rl ounces, Alcohol 1 ounce, Glycerin 2 ll.ounces, Peppermint 
 Essence %, fl.ounce. Shave the Phosphorus and dissolve it in the Absolute 
 Alcohol contained in well-stopped small bottle by the aid of heat of a water- 
 bath. When dissolved add the Alcohol, then the Glycerin and the Essence 
 of Peppermint. Ten minims of this Tincture contain ,,', grain of Phosphorus. 
 
 3650. Tincture Rhubarb Compound — Amer. Disp. — Rhubarb 1 ounce. 
 Bitter Root, Hydrastis, Gentian, Prickly Ash Berries, each y 2 ounce, Sas-a- 
 fras, Cardamom, each % ounce, diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 20 
 rl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration and percolation. Dose, : in 4 
 fl.drachms. 
 
 3651. Tincture of Strychnine, Magendie's.— Strychnine 1 -rains, Alco- 
 hol 1 fl.ounce. Dissolve. Care must be used not to dispense this when other 
 preparations of Strychnine are intended. 
 
 3652. Warburg's Tincture— (Americanized). Take of Socotrine Aloes 
 120 grains. Confection Rose, E. I. Rhubarb, Angelica Seed, each 30 grains, 
 Elecampane Root, Saffron, Fennel Seed, Prepared Chalk, each 15 grains, 
 Gentian Root, Zedoary Root, Cubebs, Myrrh, Camphor, each 8 grains, Sul- 
 phate of Quinine 75 grains, dilute, 1 Alcohol enough to make 1 pint. Pow- 
 der the drugs and percolate all except the Confection Rose. Prepared Chalk 
 and Quinine, with the diluted Alcohol until 1 pint is obtained. Rub the 
 
 Quinine to a tine powder and then with the ( ionfection Rose, triturate this in 
 a mortar with the percolate obtained, and dissolve the Quinine in the mixture 
 
 by gentle heat; cool, add the prepared chalk, allow to stand 24 hours, and 
 
952 TINCTU R-K — TINCTURES. 
 
 filter. This has enjoyed a great reputation as a Fever Tincture, being given 
 in doses of about 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 3653. Tincture White Pine.— White Pine Turpentine (gum) 2 ounces, 
 Alcohol 14 fl. ounces. Cut the Turpentine into small pieces and dissolve it 
 in the Alcohol by gentle heat of water-bath. This is used for making Syrup of 
 White Pine and Syrup of White Pine Compound, used as cough remedies. 
 
 3654. Tincture Zedoary Compound.— Zedoary 4 ounces, Calamus, Gal- 
 angal, each 2 ounces, Chamomile, Aniseed, Caraway, each 1 ounce, Bay Ber- 
 ries, Cloves, each % ounce. Orange Peel, Mace, each l / 2 ounce, Peppermint 
 Water, Alcohol, each 24 fl. ounces. Macerate for two days, then percolate, 
 adding diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 14 fl.ounces, and then add 4 ounces 
 of Chloric Ether. This is employed as a warm carminative Tincture. Dose, 
 30 to 60 minims. 
 
 ETHERIAL TINCTURES. 
 
 3655. Tincture Asafetida Etherial. — Asafetida, in powder, 1 part, Alco- 
 hol, Ether, each equal quantities, by weight, sufficient to make 5 parts of 
 Tincture. Macerate the gum-resin in the mixed Alcohol and Ether for seven 
 days and then decant. 
 
 3656. Tincture Cantharides Etherial.— Cantharides, in powder, 1 part 
 or ounce. Acetic Ether 10 parts or ounces by weight. Macerate for seven 
 days and decant the clear portion. (See also 58.) 
 
 3657. Tincture Castor Etherial.— Castor, in powder, 1 part or ounce, 
 Alcohol, Ether, each equal quantities, by weight, sufficient to make 10 parts 
 or ounces of Tincture. Macerate and decant. 
 
 3658. Tincture Ergot Etherial. — Ergot, in coarse powder, 1 part or 
 ounce, Ether 3 parts or ounces. Macerate for seven days, pour off, express, 
 and filter. 
 
 3659. Tincture Iodine Etherial.— Iodine 80 grains, Ether 3 fl.ounces. 
 Dissolve. 
 
 3660. Tincture Iodoform Etherial. — Iodoform 1 part, Ether 4 parts by 
 weight. 
 
 3661. Tincture Lobelia Etherial. — Lobelia, in powder, 1 part, Spirit of 
 Ether (2971) 8 parts by weight. Macerate seven days, decant, press, and 
 filter. Dose, 5 to 30 minims. 
 
 3662. Tincture Nux Vomica Etherial.— Nux Vomica, in powder, 1 
 part, Spirit of Ether 10 parts by weight. Macerate seven days, decant, 
 express and filter. 
 
 Other Etherial Tinctures will be found among the Official Tinctures and 
 under other headings. 
 
HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 953 
 
 HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 
 
 The Tinctures of Homoeopathic Pharmacy are mostly supplied by Homoeo- 
 pathic manufacturing pharmacists, but there is no reason why they should 
 not be made by pharmacists the same as other Tinctures. As a great number 
 are prepared from a great variety of substances it will be impracticable to 
 give detailed formulas for each, but the general method and formulas for 
 making the different classes and potencies are given. The original Tinctures 
 are called Mother Tinctures ; their dilutions or' attenuations are called 
 Potencies, and are known as first, second, third, etc., in the centesimal scale, 
 or ix, 2\. 3x, etc., in the decimal scale, as explained below. 
 
 3663. Class I. Tinctures. 
 
 Tinctures prepared with equal parts, by weight, of the juice of the plant 
 and Alcohol. The freshly-gathered plant or part which is used is chopped 
 and pounded to a pulp, which is enclosed in a piece of new linen and sub- 
 jected to pressure. The expressed juice is then mixed, with brisk agitation, 
 with an equal weight of Alcohol, the mixture allowed to stand eight days in 
 a well-stopped bottle in a dark, cool place and then filtered. The drug power 
 of Tinctures thus prepared is l / z . 
 
 Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by mixing 
 2 minims of the Tincture with 98 minims of diluted Alcohol. The 2d 
 potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of 
 Alcohol. Each succeeding higher potency is prepared in the same manner as 
 the 2d by adding 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 
 
 Decimal Scale. — The first or ix potency is prepared by adding 2 minims 
 of the Tincture to 8 minims of diluted Alcohol. The second or 2x potency 
 is prepared by mixing 1 minim of the IX potency with 9 minims of diluted 
 Alcohol. 
 
 The 3d or 3X potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x pot< 
 9 minims of diluted Alcohol, The higher potencies are prepared in a like 
 manner from the next lower. 
 
 3664. Class II. Tinctures. 
 
 Tinctures expressed by the aid of 2 parts of Alcohol added to 3 parts of 
 plant or the part of plant used. 
 
 The finely-Chopped fresh plant or part which is used is weighed, and in 
 
 every 3 parts 2 pans by weight, of Alcohol are taken. The chopped plant 
 
 is moistened with sufficient Alcohol to make it into a thick mass or pulp when 
 well stirred together, The remainder of the Alcohol is then added and the 
 whole mixed together and strained through a piece of new linen. The Tine- 
 
954 HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 
 
 ture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days, then filtered. The drug- 
 power of Tinctures thus prepared is yi. 
 
 Potentiation. — As the drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is the same 
 as Class I., their potencies are prepared in exactly the same manner as 
 directed for preparing them. 
 
 3665. Class III. Tinctures. 
 
 Tinctures prepared with 2 parts, by weight, of Alcohol to 1 part of plant 
 or part of plant used. 
 
 The fresh plant or part used is pounded to a fine pulp and weighed, then 2 
 parts, by weight, of Alcohol are taken ; one sixth of it being first mixed with 
 the pulp and then the remainder added, well stirred together and set aside in 
 a cool, dark place for eight days. The Tincture is then decanted, strained 
 and filtered. 
 
 The drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is \. 
 
 Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by mixing 
 6 minims of the Tincture with 94 minims of diluted Alcohol. The 2d 
 potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of 
 Alcohol. Each successive higher potency is prepared in the same manner as 
 the 2d, by adding 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 
 
 Decimal Scale. — The first or ix potency is prepared by adding 6 minims 
 of the Tincture to 4 minims of diluted Alcohol. The second or 2x potency 
 is prepared by adding 1 minim of the ix potency to 9 minims of diluted 
 Alcohol. The 3d or 3.x potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x 
 potency to 9 minims of diluted Alcohol. The higher potencies are prepared 
 in a like manner from the next lower. 
 
 3666. Class IV. Tinctures. 
 
 Tinctures prepared with 5 parts, by weight, of Alcohol to 1 part of the 
 dried and finely powdered substance, or fresh animal substances. 
 
 Weigh the substance and pour oVer it 5 parts, by weight, of Alcohol and 
 let the mixture remain eight days or longer, at ordinary temperature, in a 
 dark place, shaking it twice a day, then pour off, strain, and filter. (Fresh 
 animal substances are pounded.) 
 
 The drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is T ^. 
 
 Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by adding 
 10 minims of the Tincture to 90 minims of Alcohol. The 2d potency is pre- 
 pared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of Alcohol. Each 
 successive higher potency is prepared in the same manner as the 2d, by add- 
 ing 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 
 
 Decimal Scale. — As the Tincture contains T V drug power, it corresponds 
 to the first or ix potency. The 2d or 2x potency is prepared by adding 1 
 minim of the ix potency to 9 minims of Alcohol. The higher potencies are 
 prepared in the same manner from the next lower. 
 
HOM(KOPATHIC SOLUTIONS. 955 
 
 HOMCEOPATHIC SOLUTIONS. 
 
 Although these are not properly classified under Tinctures, they most con- 
 veniently come in this connection and are therefore given here. 
 
 3667. Class V.— a. Aqueous Solutions. 
 
 One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance dissolved in 9 parts, by 
 weight, of distilled Water. 
 
 Amount of drug power of Solution. ,'„. 
 
 Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is made by adding 10 
 minims of the Solution to 90 minims of distilled Water. The 2d potency is 
 prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of Alcohol. 
 The higher potencies are prepared in a like manner from the next lower. 
 
 Decimal Scale. — The original Solution contains -,,,- drug power and is, 
 therefore, the first or ix potency. The second or 2x potency is prepared by 
 adding 1 minim of the Solution to 9 minims of distilled Water. The third 
 or 3X potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x potency to 9 minims 
 of diluted Alcohol. Higher potencies are prepared from the next lower in 
 the same manner by adding 1 minim to 9 minims of Alcohol. 
 
 3668. Class V.— .J. Aqueous Solutions. 
 
 One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 99 parts, by 
 weight, of distilled Water. 
 
 The amount of drug power of the Solution is , ,',,,. 
 
 Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — As the drug power of the Solution is 
 T ^ it corresponds to the 1st potency. The 2d potency is prepared by adding 
 1 minim of the original Solution to 99 minims diluted Alcohol. The higher 
 potencies are prepared from the next lower by adding 1 minim to 99 minims 
 of Alcohol. 
 
 Decimal Scale. As the Solution contains ,,',„ drug power it corresponds 
 to the second or 2x potency. The third or 3.x potency is prepared by adding 
 1 minim of the Solution to 9 minims of dilute Alcohol. The fourth or 4X 
 potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the ;,\ potency to 9 minims of 
 Alcohol. Higher pol prepared in a like manner from the next 
 
 lower. 
 
 3669. Class VI.— a. Alcoholic Solutions. 
 
 I mi- part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 9 parts, by 
 weight, of Alcohol. 
 
 The amount of drug power of the Solution is /,,. 
 
 Potentiation.— I h<- potencies an- prepared in th<- same manner as those 
 of the Aqueous Solutions, <>. using Alcohol as the dilutent. 
 
956 TISANES. TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 
 
 3670. Class VI.— @. Alcoholic Solutions. 
 
 One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 99 parts, by 
 weight, of Alcohol. 
 
 Potentiation. — The potencies are prepared in the same manner as those 
 of the Aqueous Solutions, )3, using Alcohol as the dilutent. 
 
 For the remaining classes of Homoeopathic preparations, see Triturations. 
 
 TISANES. 
 
 In French Pharmacy, Tisanes are slightly medicated infu- 
 sions of some aromatic substance combined with barley, rice, 
 or tamarind water, or other mucilaginous vehicle, the dose 
 being a wineglassful or more every half hour until the medici- 
 nal effect is obtained. They are not used to any extent in 
 this country. 
 
 TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 
 
 Triturations are a class of preparations newly introduced 
 into the Pharmacopoeia, which consist of some active medici- 
 nal agent, reduced by rubbing intimately in a mortar with 
 nine times its weight of Sugar of Milk or some other inert 
 dilutent. But one formula, besides the general formula, for 
 making them is given ; any substance, however, may be made 
 up in the form of a trituration if desired, and, indeed, this is 
 a very good way to exhibit medicines of which a very small 
 dose only is required, as the medicinal agent is finely divided 
 and the dose can be properly regulated. The following is the 
 U. S. P. 1880: 
 
 3671. General Formula for Triturations. 
 
 The Substance, 10 parts. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, in moderately fine powder, 90 parts. 
 
 To make 100 parts. 
 
 Weigh the Substance and Sugar of Milk separately, then 
 place the Substance, previously reduced, if necessary, to a 
 moderately fine powder, in a mortar, add about an equal bulk 
 
TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 957 
 
 of Sugar of Milk, mix well by means of a spatula and tritu- 
 rate them thoroughly together. Add fresh portions of the 
 Sugar of Milk, from time to time, until the whole is added, 
 and continue the trituration until the substance is intimately 
 mixed with the Sugar of Milk and finely comminuted. 
 
 3672. Trituratio Elaterini. 
 
 Trituration of Elatcrin. 
 
 Elaterin, . . . . - 10 parts or grains. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, in moderately fine 
 
 powder, 90 parts or grains. 
 
 To make 100 parts or grains. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly by trituration. 
 
 This serves as a sample formula, the only one that is given 
 as officinal in the U. S. P. Others may be made in the same 
 manner. 
 
 HOMOEOPATHIC TRITURATIONS. 
 
 In Homoeopathic Pharmacy Triturations are extensively used, but their 
 strength does not at all correspond with those of Regular Pharmacy. Aside 
 from the particular directions for manipulating, which amount only to insure 
 that the substances shall be thoroughly triturated together, the directions for 
 making are as follows : 
 
 Triturations on the Centesimal Scale. 
 
 This scale was introduced bj' Hahnemann and is still employed for making 
 the higher potencies, the lower being generally made by the Decimal Scale. 
 
 3673. Class VII. Trituration of Dry Medicinal 
 
 Substances. 
 
 First Trituration.— Take 1 grain of the medicinal substance and 99 
 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk, add the medicinal substance to about one 
 third of the Sugar of Milk in an unglazed porcelain mortar and triturate 
 them thoroughly together for six minutes, then scrape the Trituration from 
 tre of the mortar with a porcelain spatula and stir it thor- 
 oughly with the same for four minutes, and again triturate for six minutes as 
 
 before. To this powder again scraped up for four minutes, now add the sec- 
 ond third of the quantity of Sugar Of Milk, triturate and scrape up as before 
 
 twice successively, then add the remainder of the Sugar of Milk and combine 
 
958 TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 
 
 it with the powder in the mortar by trituration and scraping up as previously 
 directed. 
 
 This is the first or standard Trituration, containing i per cent, of the medici- 
 nal substance. It is also known as the First Centesimal Trituration. 
 
 Second Trituration. — Take i grain or part of the first Trituration and 99 
 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk and prepare by triturating portions of the 
 Sugar of Milk successively, added with the first Trituration in the same man- 
 ner as directed for making the first Trituration. This contains 1 part of the 
 medicinal substance in 10,000, and is called the Second Centesimal 
 Trituration. 
 
 Third Trituration. — Take 1 grain or part of the second Trituration and 
 99 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk and prepare a Trituration in the same 
 manner as previously directed. This contains 1 part of the medicinal sub- 
 stance in 1,000,000 parts of the Trituration and is called the Third Centesi- 
 mal Trituration. 
 
 Liiftiid Potencies. — The third Trituration may be converted into Liquid 
 Potencies by dissolving in Alcohol and Water, in the following manner : One 
 grain or part of the Third Centesimal Trituration is added to 50 minims or 
 parts of distilled Water and agitated, then, when dissolved, 50 minims or 
 parts of Alcohol are added, and the stoppered vial, only two thirds full, is 
 shaken ten times. This is the Fourth Potency. 
 
 One minim of this liquid (the Fourth Potency) is added to 99 minims of 
 Alcohol and the vial shaken ten times to make the Fifth Potency, and so on, 
 the theory being that the higher the potency used the more effective the 
 medicine. Attenuations above the thirteenth are termed High Potencies. 
 
 Triturations on the Decimal Scale. 
 
 This scale was introduced by Dr. Hering, and is used for the lower 
 potencies. 
 
 First Decimal Trituration. — Take 10 parts or grains of the medicinal 
 substance and 90 parts or grains of Sugar of Milk, and prepare a Trituration 
 in the same manner as is directed for making the Centesimal Trituration. 
 
 The Second Decimal Trituration is prepared by taking 10 parts of the 
 first with 90 parts of Sugar of Milk. 
 
 The Third, by taking 10 parts of the second with 90 parts of Sugar of 
 milk, etc., each higher Trituration representing 10 parts of the next below it. 
 
 Liquid Potencies. — The Sixth Decimal (6x) Trituration is converted into 
 Liquid Potencies by adding 1 grain or part to 50 minims or parts of distilled 
 Water, then, when dissolved, adding 50 minims or parts of Alcohol. This 
 is called the Eighth Potency (8x). One drop of this with 9 of diluted Alco- 
 hol gives the Ninth Potency (9X). Higher potencies in this scale are made in 
 the same manner by adding 1 drop of the next lower to 9 of diluted Alcohol. 
 Do not forget that the mixture must be shaken ten times by ten powerful 
 downward strokes of the arm. 
 
TRITURATIONS. TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 959 
 
 3674. Class VIII. — Trituration of Liquid Substances. 
 
 These are prepared according to the Centesimal Scale by triturating 1 
 minim or part of the liquid with 99 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk for the 
 first, 1 part of the first with 99 of Sugar of Milk for the second, and so on. 
 
 By the Decimal Scale 1 part of the liquid is triturated with 9 parts of 
 Sugar of Milk for the first, 1 part of the first with 9 parts of Sugar of Milk 
 for the second, and so on. 
 
 These are converted into Liquid Potencies in the same manner as has 
 already been described. 
 
 3675. Class IX.— Trituration of Fresh Vegetable and 
 
 Animal Substances. 
 
 Fresh vegetable or animal substances are first pounded or grated to a fine 
 pulp, then triturated and potentized as directed in the foregoing classes. 
 
 To make the 1st Trituration of the Centesimal Scale 2 parts, by weight, 
 of the substance are triturated with 99 parts, by weight of Sugar of Milk. 
 (Two parts are taken because of loss of weight of the fresh substance by 
 exposure during the trituration.! 
 
 The 2d Trituration is made with 1 part of the first and 99 parts of Sugar 
 of Milk, as heretofore described. 
 
 These are converted into Liquid Potencies as before described. 
 
 Medicated Globules or Pellets. 
 
 These are prepared by saturating the pellets, globules, or discs with alco- 
 holic solution of whatever potency may be desired, then draining off the 
 superfluous fluid and allowing to dry. These globules or pellets are of 
 different sizes, and are known as No. 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 
 80, according to their size — No. 8 being the smallest, and No. 80 being the 
 largest ; the most commonly used being from No. 20 to No. 40. 
 
 TROCHISCI -TROCHES. 
 
 Troches or Lozenges arc flat or slightly convex bodies, made 
 up in various shapes, usually containing some medicinal agent 
 mixed with sugar and gum or <>thcr adhesive substance and 
 
 intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth and by their solution 
 
 apply the medicinal agent to the internal surface of the throat 
 
 and surrounding organs. 
 
 Like sugar-coated pills, they are now seldom prepared by 
 druggists, manufacturers having mostly monopolized the busi- 
 
960 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 
 
 ness and driven the officinal Troches out of use, by introduc- 
 ing more elegant or convenient preparation. 
 
 Many of the medicinal agents that are introduced in the 
 form of Troches in the Pharmacopoeia formulae seem inappro- 
 priate to be exhibited in this form. It would seem natural 
 that only such remedies should be used in Troches as, by their 
 slow solution, would act locally upon the mucous membrane 
 of the parts with which they come in contact — the throat, 
 larynx, etc. 
 
 To make Troches, a board about 5x10 inches, with a rim 
 projecting above its surface about % of an inch, and a cylin- 
 drical rolling-pin, should be provided. The ingredients are 
 then to be mixed into' a stiff mass or dough, the board dusted 
 with a mixture of powdered sugar and starch, and the mass 
 rolled out between the projecting lateral edges of the board, 
 filling it entirely from the end out, as far as it will. It is then 
 to be divided with a knife or spatula into the required number 
 of Troches, and dried by gentle heat. Lozenge cutters that 
 make about 12-grains Troches may be obtained of jobbers or 
 dealers in pharmaceutical apparatus, but they cut only a defi- 
 nite size, not adapting themselves to the specific quantity of 
 the medicinal agent directed in the formula. 
 
 The following formula for Troches represent those now offi- 
 cial in the leading pharmacopoeias. Others can be made as 
 desired in the same general manner. The solid ingredients to 
 Be incorporated are all to be in fine powder. Many of them 
 are called Tablets by manufacturers: 
 
 3676. Trochisci Acidi Benzoici. 
 
 Btnizotc Acid Lozenges. 
 
 Benzoic Acid 360 grains. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder, 25 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 
 Mix the Benzoic Acid, Sugar and Gum, add the Mucilage and Water to 
 form a proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry in a hot-air chamber 
 at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Each Lozenge contains half a grain of Benzoic Acid. Br. 
 
TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 961 
 
 3677. Trochisci Acidi Tannici. 
 
 Troches of Tannic Acid. 
 
 Tannic Acid, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
 Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 The Br. P. makes these only x / 2 grain Tannin in each. 
 
 3678. Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. 
 Troches of Chloride of Ammonium. 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 Syrup of Tolu, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3679. Trochisci Bismuthi. 
 
 Bismuth Lozc?iges. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth, 1440 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium 6 ounces av. 
 
 Refined Sugar, 29 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rose Water, a sufficiency. 
 Mix the dry ingredients, then add the Mucilage and form the whole into a 
 proper mass with Rose Water. Divide the mass into 720 Lozenges and dry 
 these in a hot-air chamber at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Each Lozenge contains 2 grains Subnitrate of Bismuth. Br. 
 
 3680. Trochisci Catechu. 
 
 Troches of Catechu. 
 
 Catechu, in tine powder 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in line powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes, 
 
 Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 < irange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. 
 The I ir. P. directs the same quantity of Catechu. 
 
962 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 
 
 3681. Trochisci Cretae. 
 
 TrocJies of Chalk. 
 
 Prepared Chalk, 400 grains or 26.00 grammes. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Nutmeg, in fine powder 15 grains or 1.00 gramme. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 600 grains or 39.00 grammes. 
 
 Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed, then with Water, 
 form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3682. Trochisci Cubebse. 
 
 Troches of Cubed. 
 
 Oleoresin of Cubeb 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 15 grains or 1. 00 gramme. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, in fine powder, 400 grains or 26.00 grammes. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, sufficient to make 100 Troches. 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
 Oleoresin and Oil and incorporate them with the mixture. Lastly, with 
 Syrup of Tolu, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3683. Trochisci Ferri. 
 
 Troches of Iron. 
 
 Hydrated Oxide of Iron, dried at a 
 temperature not exceeding 8o° C. 
 
 (176 F.), 500 grains or 32.50 grammes. 
 
 Vanilla, cut in slices 10 grains or 0.65 gramme. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1500 grains or 97.50 grammes. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the Vanilla first with a portion of the Sugar to a uniform powder, 
 and afterward with the Oxide of Iron and the remainder of the Sugar until 
 they are thoroughly mixed ; then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, 
 to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 This differs from the U. S. 1870 formula for Troches of Subcarbonate of 
 Iron by the substitution of the Hydrated Oxide of Iron in place of the Sub- 
 carbonate. 
 
 3684. Trochisci Ferri Redacti. 
 
 Reduced Iron Lozenges. 
 
 Reduced Iron 720 grains. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder 25 ounces av. 
 
TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 963 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder, i ounce av. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 flounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 1 ounce or a sufficiency. 
 
 Mix the Iron, Sugar, and Gum and add the Mucilage and Water to form a 
 proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry them in a hot-air chamber 
 at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Each Lozenge contains 1 grain of Reduced Iron. Br. 
 
 3685. Trochisci Glycyrhizae et Opii. 
 
 Troches of Liquorice and Opium. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 
 
 Extract of Opium 5 grains or 0.32 gramme. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, 200 grains or 1 3.00 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 
 
 Oil of Anise 3 grains or 0.20 gramme. 
 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
 Oil of Anise and incorporate it with the mixture. Lastly, with Water, form 
 a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3686. Trochisci Ipecacuanhas. 
 
 Troches of Ipecac. 
 
 Ipecac, in fine powder, 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Syrup of Orange, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 Syrup of Orange, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 The 1870 formula directed about 25 per cent, of Arrow Root ; its place is 
 supplied in the present formula with Sugar. 
 
 The Br. P. directs the same quantity of Ipecac in each. 
 
 3687. Trochisci Krameriae. 
 
 Troches of Krameria (Rhatany). 
 
 Extract of Krameria 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1 000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
 Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. I'. S. 
 
964 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 
 
 3688. Trochisci Magnesiae. 
 
 Troches of Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia, . " 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 
 
 Nutmeg, in fine powder, .... 15 grains or 1.00 gramme. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 900 grains or 15.50 grammes. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the Magnesia and the pow r ders together until they are thoroughly 
 mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3689. Trochisci Menthae Piperitae. 
 
 Troches of Peppermint. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 15 grains or 1. 00 gramme. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1 200 grains or 78.00 grammes. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 Rub the Oil of Peppermint and Sugar together until they are thoroughly 
 mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 3690. Trochisci Morphinae. 
 
 Morphine Lozenges. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Morphine 20 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu, %. fl.ounce. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder, 24 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder 1 , ounce av. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Acacia, a sufficiency. 
 
 Distilled Water l / 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine in the Water, add this solution to the Tincture of 
 Tolu, previously mixed with 2 fl.ounces of the Mucilage, then add the Gum 
 and Sugar, previously mixed, and more Mucilage, if necessary, to form a 
 proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry these in a hot-air chamber 
 at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Each Lozenge contains ^ grain of the Morphine salt. Br. 
 
 3691. Trochisci Morphinae et Ipecacuanhae. 
 
 Troches of Morphine and Ipecac. 
 Sulphate of Morphine, .... 2^ grains or 0.16 gramme. 
 
 Ipecac, in fine powder 8 grains or 0.15 gramme. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 
 
 Oil of Gaultheria, 1 grain or 0.07 gramme. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 965 
 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
 Oil of Gaultheria and incorporate it with the mixture. Lastly, with Mucilage 
 of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into ioo Troches. U. S. 
 
 The Br. formula is about the same. 
 
 3692. Trochisci Opii. 
 
 Opium Lozenges. 
 
 Extract of Opium 72 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu yi fl. ounce. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder 16 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder 2 ounces av. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 .Make a mass, to be divided into 720 Lozenges. Each Lozenge contains 
 T \ grain Extract of Opium, equal to -V grain of Morphine. 
 
 3693. Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. 
 
 Troches of Chlorate of Potassium. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium, in fine 
 
 powder, 500 grains or 32.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar in fine powder 1900 grains or 124.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 120 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Spirit of Lemon 10 grains or 0.65 gramme. 
 
 To make 100 troches. 
 Mix the Sugar with the Tragacanth and the Spirit of Lemon by trituration 
 in a mortar, then transfer the mixture to a sheet of paper and, by means of a 
 bone spatula, mix with it the Chlorate of Potassium, being careful to avoid 
 trituration and pressure to prevent the mixture from igniting or exploding. 
 Lastly, with Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 The Br. P. directs the same quantity of Chlorate of Potassium. 
 
 3694. Trochisci Santonini. 
 
 Santonin Lozenges. 
 
 Santonin, in powder 720 grains. 
 
 Refined Sugar, in powder 25 ounces av. 
 
 Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 II. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Mix the Santonin, Sugar, and Gum, add the Mucilage and Water to form 
 a proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry these in a hot air cham- 
 ber at a moderate temperature. 
 
 Each Lozenge contains 1 grain of Santonin. Br. 
 
 The G. P. directs only 0.025 gramme of Santonin in each. 
 
960 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 
 
 3695. Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. 
 
 Troches of Bicarbonate of Sodium. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, .... 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 900 grains or 58.50 grammes. 
 
 Nutmeg, in fine powder 15 grains or 1 .00 gramme. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
 Rub the Bicarbonate of Sodium with the powders until they are thoroughly- 
 mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 The Br. P. directs 5 grains of Carbonate of Sodium in each. 
 
 3696. Trochisci Sodii Santoninatis. 
 
 Troches of Santoninate of Sodium. 
 
 Santoninate of Sodium, in fine 
 
 powder, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 2000 grains or 130.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 
 Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
 Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
 Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 These Troches are evidently designed to take the place of the Troches of 
 Santonine that were official in the 1870 revision, but it is much to be ques- 
 tioned if Santoniate of Sodium is so effective or safe as the Alkaloid for a 
 vermifuge. 
 
 3697. Trochisci Zingiberis. 
 
 Troches of Ginger. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder 2000 grains or 130.00 grammes. 
 
 Syrup of Ginger, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
 
 Mix the Tincture of Ginger with the Sugar and, having exposed the mix- 
 ture to the air until dry, reduce it to a fine powder ; to this add the Traga- 
 canth and mix thoroughly. Lastly, with Syrup of Ginger, form a mass, to be 
 divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
 
 A great variety of other Troches or Lozenges may be made in the same 
 general manner as the foregoing. Manufacturers quote long lists of Troches, 
 Lozenges, or Tablets, which are usually compressed, as previously described. 
 Formulas for any desired combination may readily be made by taking the 
 required amount of the medicinal agents to make too Troches, and adding 
 Sugar, Gum, Mucilage, etc., sufficient to make 100 Troches of the required size. 
 
TUNGSTEN OR WOLFRAMIUM. UNGUENTA. 967 
 
 TUNGSTEN OR WOLFRAMIUM. 
 
 Symbol, Ti or W. ; Atomic weight, 48. 
 
 This is an elementary metal discovered by Delhuyart in a 
 heavy metal, found chiefly in Sweden, and called Wolfram. 
 It is a heavy, gray, brittle metal, and may be obtained by 
 reducing Tungstic Acid with charcoal at a white heat. 
 
 With Oxygen it forms two Oxides, Ti0 3 (Dioxide), and 
 Ti0 3 (Trioxide), which unite with the elements of water, form- 
 ing corresponding acids. It also unites with Chlorine and 
 some elements. Tungstic Acid, H 2 Ti0 4 , combines with 
 Sodium and other alkali bases, forming salts known as 
 Tungstates. 
 
 3698. Tungstate of Sodium — Xa„Ti0 4 . — This is used for rendering 
 linen and other fabrics uninflammable by dipping them in a 20 per cent, solu- 
 tion of the salt or painting them with the solution. It is useful for theatrical 
 scenery, etc. It may be prepared by adding 9 parts of finely-powdered 
 Tungsten to 8 parts of fused Carbonate of Sodium and heating them 
 together for some time, then cooling, powdering, and boiling the powder with 
 Water, filtering, and evaporating to dryness. 
 
 3699. Tungstic Glue.— This is a compound similar to hard rubber, and 
 used as a substitute for it for many purposes. It is prepared by mixing 
 together a thick solution of Glue with Tungstate of Sodium and adding 
 Hydrochloric Acid. A compound of Tungstic Acid and Glue is precipitated, 
 which, at a temperature of 100 to 104, becomes sufficiently elastic to be 
 moulded or drawn into thin sheets, but is quite solid at ordinary temperature. 
 
 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 Ointments arc fatty preparations of a solid or semi-solid 
 consistence, intended for external application, and usually 
 containing some medicinal substance which is designed to be 
 
 absorbed or exert its action on tin- parts to which it is applied. 
 
 The difference between Ointments and Cerates consists 
 
 chiefly in their consistence- the Ointments as a class being 
 
 softer tli. m tin- Cerates and being intended, generally, for 
 rubbing in. while the Cerates arc usually spread and applied 
 like a plaster. 
 
968 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 The British Pharmacopoeia has done away with this classifi- 
 cation, and now includes all Cerates among the Ointments. 
 
 As has been previously remarked of Cerates, it seems strange 
 that no attempt was made by the revisers of the 1880 Pharma- 
 copoeia to introduce Petrolatum as a base for Ointments in 
 the place of Lard ; for experience has shown its great superi- 
 ority over it as an Ointment base, and it is now being generally 
 used by pharmacists. It is quite generally directed in the 1885 
 Br. P. for making Ointments, under the name of Soft Paraffin. 
 
 White and amber or yellow Petrolatum are now furnished 
 by manufacturers, and it is advisable that druggists should use, 
 in making their Ointments, the color that will best correspond 
 with the color of the Ointments as they have been formerly 
 made — for instance, simple Ointment that has been made 
 with lard and yellow wax, and dark colored Ointments gen- 
 erally, may be made with yellow Petrolatum, while those 
 that have been made with Lard or Benzoinated Lard, if they 
 are white or light colored when finished, should be made 
 with white Petrolatum. 
 
 Lanoleum or Wool-fat is also recommended and used as an 
 Ointment base, it being more readily absorbed than any other 
 known solid fatty matter. 
 
 The following are the Ointments official in the leading 
 pharmacopoeias, and also the same made, when practicable, 
 with Petrolatum as a base : 
 
 3700. Unguentum. 
 
 Ointment — Simple Ointment. 
 
 Lard, 8 parts or 8 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 parts or 2 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax and add the Lard gradually, then stir the 
 mixture constantly until cool. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P., under the title Unguentum Simplex, directs 
 White Wax 2 ounces or 2 parts, Benzoinated Lard 3 ounces or 
 3 parts, Almond Oil 3 fl. ounces or 3 fl. parts. Melt the Wax 
 and Lard in the Oil on a water-bath, then remove the mixture 
 and stir constantly while it cools. This has the advantage of 
 keeping much better than the U. S. Ointment. 
 
UXGUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3701. Unguentum or Petrolatum Ointment. 
 
 MADE WITH. PETROLATUM. 
 
 Petrolatum 8 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax or Paraffin Wax 2 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together with gentle heat and 
 stir while cooling. This is now being quite generally used as 
 an Ointment base instead of the official preparation ; it may 
 be used with advantage whenever Ointment is directed or 
 prescribed. It will not become rancid, and is readily incorpo- 
 rated with any substance with which the officinal Ointment is 
 usually used. 
 
 Ointment or Simple Ointment is the basis of most of the 
 other Ointments. It is very similar to Cerate or Simple 
 Cerate, but contains a less proportion of Wax and is softer, 
 being intended to be absorbed. It is seldom used except in 
 combination. 
 
 3702. Unguentum Acidi Borici. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Boric Acid. 
 
 Boric Acid, in fine powder, . 2]/ 2 ounces or 1 part. 
 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . p 10 ounces or 4 parts. 
 
 Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), 5 ounces or 2 parts. 
 Mix the Hard and Soft Paraffin together and add the Boric 
 Acid, distributed over the surface of the liquid by passing it 
 through a sieve, then stir them together constantly until cold. 
 
 3703. Unguentum Acidi Carbolici. 
 
 Ointment of Carbolic Acid— Carbolic Ointment. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
 
 Ointment, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This contains 10 per cent, of the 
 Acid. 
 
 This Ointment is much stronger than manufacturers have 
 been in the habit of furnishing as Carbolized Vaseline, Car- 
 bolized Cosmoline, etc. The)- an- usually made to contain 3 
 
 instead of 10 per cent, of Carbolic Acid. 
 
970 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 The Br. formula is Carbolic Acid i part, Soft Paraffin (Petro- 
 latum) 12 parts, Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax) 6 parts. Melt 
 them and stir constantly until cold. This is more like a Cerate 
 as considered in U. S. Pharmacy than an Ointment. It con- 
 tains about 5 per cent, of the Acid. 
 
 Carbolic Salve is a popular proprietary preparation. The 
 Carbolic Salves usually contain a larger proportion of Wax 
 than is directed in the foregoing formula. 
 
 3704. Unguentum Acidi Gallici. 
 
 Ointment of Gallic Acid. 
 
 Gallic Acid, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Gallic Acid with the Benzoinated Lard gradually 
 added until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of an 
 iron spatula. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Gallic Acid, 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub them together until they are intimately mixed. 
 
 3705. Unguentum Acidi Salicylici. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Salicylic Acid. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 1 part. 
 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), 18 parts. 
 
 Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), 9 parts. 
 
 Melt the Hard and Soft Paraffins together, add the Salicylic 
 Acid and stir until cold. 
 
 3706. Unguentum Acidi Tannici. 
 
 Ointment of Tannic Acid. 
 
 Tannic Acid, 10 parts or 51 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 459 grains. 
 Rub the Tannic Acid with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of an 
 iron spatula. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 971 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Tannic Acid, i ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 3707. Unguentum Aconitinae. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Aconitine. 
 
 This preparation is officinal in the British, but not in the 
 U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The following formula corresponds to 
 the British except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead 
 of Prepared Lard. 
 
 Aconitine (Aconitia), 8 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 30 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Dissolve the Aconitine in the Alcohol and mix the solution 
 thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petrolatum. 
 
 3708. Uuguentum Antimonii Tartarati. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Tartr cited Antimony — Tartar Emetic Ointment. 
 
 Tartrated Antimony, in very 
 
 fine powder, 100 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Simple Ointment, 400 grains or 4 parts. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 The G. P. Unguentum Tartari Stibiati is the same. 
 
 3709. Unguentum Aquae Rosas. 
 
 Ointment of Rose Water — Cold Cream. 
 
 Expressed Oil of Almond, . 50 parts or 5 ounces av. 
 
 Spermaceti 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 White Wax [o parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Rose Water 30 parts or 3 ounces av. 
 
 Melt together al a moderate heal the Oil, Spermaceti, and 
 Wax, then gradually add the Rose Water, stirring the mixture 
 briskly and constantly until it is com], and continue the stir- 
 ring until it has become uniformly soft and creamy. U.S. [880. 
 
972 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 The G. P. formula for Unguentum Leniens is nearly the same. 
 
 All druggists who have made Cold Cream know how soon 
 it becomes rancid when exposed. 
 
 If made with Petrolatum it will remain without change, and 
 a much finer, smoother preparation will result. White Petro- 
 latum should be used for this purpose, but, with the exception 
 of color, the amber Petrolatum will do as well. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 White Petrolatum, 6 ounces av. 
 
 White Wax, I ounce av. 
 
 Rose Water, 2)/ 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Rose, 2 minims. 
 
 Melt the Petrolatum and Wax together by gentle heat, and, 
 when the mixture begins to solidify, gradually incorporate the 
 Rose Water and Oil of Rose with it, by beating briskly until 
 it is cool. 
 
 3710. Unguentum Atropinae. 
 
 Ointment of Atropine. 
 This preparation is officinal in the British, but not in the 
 U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The following formula corresponds to 
 the British except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead 
 of Prepared Lard. 
 
 Atropia (Atropine), ... 8 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol, 30 minims or 3^ fl. parts. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, . 1 ounce or 55 parts. 
 Dissolve the Atropine in the Alcohol and mix the solution 
 thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petrolatum. 
 
 371 1. Unguentum Belladonnae. 
 
 Ointment of Belladonna. 
 Alcoholic Extract Belladonna, 10 parts or 51 grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 parts or 30 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 84 parts or 428 grains. 
 Rub the Extract with the diluted Alcohol until uniformly 
 soft, then gradually add the Lard and mix thoroughly. U. S. 
 1880. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 973 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna, . i ounce av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, .... S}4 ounces av. 
 Rub the Extract with the diluted Alcohol in a warm mortar 
 until uniformly soft and gradually incorporate with it the 
 Petrolatum by rubbing them together. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna I 
 part, Benzoated Lard 9 parts. Mix them thoroughly. 
 
 3712. Unguentum Benzoini. 
 
 Ointment of Benzoin, U. S. i8jo — Benzoinated Lard, U. S. 1880. 
 
 Benzoin, in coarse powder, 2 parts or 140 grains. 
 
 Prepared Lard, .... 100 parts or 16 ounces av. 
 Melt the Prepared Lard by means of a water-bath and, hav- 
 ing loosely tied the Benzoin (in coarse powder) in a piece of 
 coarse muslin, suspend it in the melted Lard, and, stirring 
 them together frequently, continue the heat for two hours, 
 covering the vessel and not allowing the temperature to rise 
 above 6o° C. (140 F.). Lastly, having removed the Benzoin, 
 strain the Lard and stir while cooling. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Following the alphabetical arrangement of the 1880 Phar- 
 macopoeia this preparation will be found under its new title, 
 Adeps Benzoinatus (see page 76), but, as it belongs properly with 
 the ointments, it is also given here. 
 
 3713. Benzoinated Petrolatum. 
 
 White (or amber) Petrolatum, ... 15 ounces. 
 
 White (or yellow) Wax, q. s. or . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoin, in coarse powder, .... ]/^ ounce. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together, and, having tied the 
 
 Benzoin loosely in a piece of coarse muslin, suspend it in the 
 
 melted mixture, stirring them frequently and continuing the 
 
 heat for two hours at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. 
 
 (150 F.i; then remove the Benzoin, strain, and stir while 
 cooling. 
 
 The amount of Wax used should vary a little to correspond 
 witli the melting point of the Petrolatum, 1 ounce being the 
 
974 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 amount required for Petrolatum melting at 120 F., and about 
 one fourth more for that which melts at 104 F. — the object 
 being to have the preparation about the consistence of Lard. 
 The White Petrolatum with White Wax makes a beautiful 
 Ointment, which remains fresh for any length of time. If 
 made with the Amber Petrolatum and Yellow Wax, it is just 
 as good in every way except in color. 
 
 3714. Unguentum Calaminae. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Calamine. 
 Prepared Calamine, . . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Benzoated Lard, 5 ounces or 5 parts. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. 
 
 3715. Unguentum Cantharidis. 
 
 Ointment of Cantliarides. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is : 
 
 Cantharides, Yellow Wax, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 6 fl. ounces. 
 Infuse the Cantharides in the Oil in a covered vessel for 12 
 hours, then place the vessel in boiling Water for 15 minutes, 
 strain through muslin with strong pressure, add the product to 
 the Wax, previously melted, and stir constantly while the mix- 
 ture cools. 
 
 The German formula is Cantharides 2 parts, Olive Oil 8 
 parts, digested for 10 hours on a steam-bath, expressed and fil- 
 tered, and 7 parts of the Oil thus obtained added to 3 parts of 
 Yellow Wax, previously melted, and well stirred while cooling. 
 
 The U. S. 1870 formula was Cantharides Cerate 120 grains, 
 Resin Cerate 360 grains. Warmed and mixed together. 
 
 3716. Unguentum Cereum. G. P. 
 
 Wax Ointment — Cerasalbe. 
 
 Olive Oil, 7 parts. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 3 parts. 
 
 Melt the Wax and add the Oil. 
 
 This is similar to Simple Cerate except that Oil is used 
 instead of Lard, making it much softer. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 975 
 
 3717. Unguentum Cetacei. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Spermaceti. 
 This Ointment is officinal in the British Pharmacopoeia, but 
 possesses no advantages over Simple Ointment, and is not so 
 good in any respect as Petrolatum Ointment or Benzoinated 
 Petrolatum. 
 
 The British formula is as follows : 
 
 Spermaceti, 5 ounces av. or 10 parts. 
 
 White Wax, 2 ounces av. or 4 parts. 
 
 Almond Oil (expressed), 20 fl. ounces or 40 fl. parts. 
 Benzoin, in coarse powder, x / 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 
 Melt together with a gentle heat for two hours, remove the 
 mixture, strain, and stir constantly while it cools. 
 This also may be made with : 
 
 Petrolatum, 4 ounces. 
 
 Spermaceti, I ounce. 
 
 Melt them together and stir while cooling. 
 
 3718. Unguentum Chrysarobini. 
 
 Chrysarobin Ointment . 
 The U. S. P. formula is: 
 
 Chrysarobin, 10 parts or 60 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 540 grains. 
 Rub the Chrysarobin with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
 added, until fhey are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 This is a new officinal, made from " Goa Powder," which has 
 had some reputation in the treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 It may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
 Lard. It is better made by heating the ingredients together. 
 The Br. P. formula is Chrysarobin 20 grains. Benzoinated 
 Lard 4S0 grains, made in the same manner. 
 
 3719. Unguentum Creasoti. Br. 
 
 Ointment of ( reasote. 
 
 Creasote, 1 fl. drachm or 1 fl.part. 
 
 Simple Ointment,. ... 1 ounce a\-. or x parts. 
 Mix them thoroughly. 
 
976 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3720. Unguentum Diachylon. 
 
 Diachylon Ointment — Hebra Ointment. 
 The U. S. formula is : 
 
 Lead Plaster, 60 parts or 6 ounces av. 
 
 Olive Oil, ... 39 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, ... 1 part or 75 minims. 
 Melt together the Lead Plaster and Olive Oil at a moderate 
 heat, then, having permitted the mass to become partly cool, 
 incorporate with it the Oil of Lavender, and stir constantly 
 until cold. 
 
 Petrolatum may be used in place of the Olive Oil, but the 
 resulting preparation will be of firmer consistence, although 
 this is rather an improvement than otherwise. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Lead Plaster, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, 75 minims. 
 
 Melt the Lead Plaster and Petrolatum together at a moder- 
 ate heat, and, when cool enough, add the Oil of Lavender and 
 stir until cold. 
 
 The G. P. formula is, Lead Plaster 5 parts. Free it from 
 Glycerin by melting and washing it with Water, and, when 
 dry, melt with Olive Oil 5 parts, and stir until cold. 
 
 3721. Unguentum Elemi. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Elemi. 
 
 Elemi, % ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Simple Ointment, . . . . 1 ounce or 4 parts. 
 Melt, strain through flannel, and stir constantly until the 
 Ointment solidifies. 
 
 3722. Unguentum Eucalypti. Br. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, by weight, . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . | f h Qunces Qr 
 Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax, S F 
 
 Melt the Paraffins together, add the Oil, and stir until cold. 
 
UXGUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 977 
 
 3723. Unguentum Gallae. 
 
 Ointment of Nutgall. 
 
 Nutgall, in No. 80 powder. . 10 parts or 48 grains. 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 
 
 Rub the Nutgall with the Benzoinated Lard gradually 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Galls, in fine powder, 80 grains, Ben- 
 zoinated Lard I ounce. Mix thoroughly. 
 
 3724. Unguentum Gallae cum Opio. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Nutgall and Opium. 
 
 This Ointment, though not officinal in the U. S., is much 
 more frequently prescribed than the preceding one. The fol- 
 lowing is the same as the British formula, except that Benzoi- 
 nated Petrolatum is used instead of the Benzoinated Lard : 
 
 Nutgall, in No. 80 powder 80 grains. 
 
 Opium, in No. 80 powder, 37 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Rub the powders thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petro- 
 latum. 
 
 It is much used for hemorrhoides and as an astringent. 
 
 3725. Unguentum Glycerini. G. P. 
 
 Glycerin Ointment. 
 
 This can hardly be called an Ointment as it contains no fatty 
 bodies, but it is used for similar purposes as Ointments. 
 
 Tragacantli, powdered I part. 
 
 Alcohol, 5 parts. 
 
 1 rl) cerill 50 parts. 
 
 Rub tin- Alcohol and Tragacanth together, add the GI3 
 and heat tin- mixture on a steam-bath t<> form a white translu- 
 cent Ointment <»t' uniform consistence. 
 
 This is quite similar to the Glycerinum Tragacantha (1757) 
 of the Br. I'. 
 
978 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3726. Unguentum Glycerini Plumbi Sub- 
 
 acetatis. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Glycerine of Subacctate of Lead. 
 
 Glycerine of Subacetate of Lead (1756), 1 part. 
 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), 4 parts. 
 
 Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), . . . . 1^ part. 
 
 Melt the Paraffins together, add the Glycerine of Subacetate 
 of Lead and stir until the mixture has cooled. 
 
 3727. Unguentum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment (Bine Ointment). 
 The U. S. P. 1880 formula is: 
 
 Mercury 450 parts or 4^ ounces. 
 
 Lard, 225 parts or 2% ounces. 
 
 Suet, ' 225 parts or 2^ ounces. 
 
 Compound Tincture of 
 
 Benzoin, 40 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment (y 2 
 
 Mercury), 100 parts or 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix the Mercury with the Tincture of Benzoin in a mortar, 
 add the Mercurial Ointment and triturate the mixture until 
 globules of Mercury cease to be visible, then add the Lard and 
 Suet, previously melted together and partially cooled, and con- 
 tinue the trituration until globules of Mercury cease to be vis- 
 ible under a magnifying power of ten diameters. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Mercury, 4 l / 2 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, 3 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Wax, l% ounce. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Benzoin, ... 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment, 1 ounce. 
 
 Make an Ointment in the same manner as above. 
 The Br. P. formula is Mercury, Prepared Lard, each 1 
 pound av., Prepared Suet 1 ounce av., rubbed together as 
 above. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 979 
 
 The G. P. directs Lard 13 parts, and Mutton Suet 7 parts, to 
 be melted together and, when cold, to be incorporated with 
 Mercury 10 parts. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment is popularly known as " Unguentum " 
 or "Anguintum." 
 
 The Ointment, made with one third, instead of one half, 
 Mercury, is generally sold by druggists, but should not be dis- 
 pensed on physicians' prescriptions. This strength may be 
 made by mixing with the 50 per cent. Ointment one half its 
 weight of Petrolatum Ointment. 
 
 3728. Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. 
 
 Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury {White Precipitate). 
 Ammoniated Mercury, in very 
 
 fine powder, 10 parts or 52 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 468 grains. 
 Rub the Ammoniated Mercury with the Ointment or Ben- 
 zoinated Lard until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
 The Br. P. formula is the same. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 Ammoniated Mercury, in very fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Ammoniated Mercury with the Benzoinated Petro- 
 latum until the)* are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Hydrargyri 
 Album, is the same strength. 
 
 3729. Unguentum Hydrargyri Compositum. Br. 
 
 t 'ompound Ointment of Mercury. 
 The British formula uses Yellow Wax and Olive Oil 3 ounces 
 each, instead of the Petrolatum < hutment as here directed. 
 
 Mercurial < hutment 6 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum Ointment 6 ounces. 
 
 Camphor, in fine powder I|_> ounces. 
 
 Mell the Petrolatum < hutment, dissolve in it the Camphor, 
 
 and, when parti)' cool, mix it thoroughly with the Mercurial 
 
 < )intment. 
 
980 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3730. Unguentum Hydrargyri Iodidi Rubri. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury, in powder, . . 16 grains. 
 Simple Ointment, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This was official in the U. S. P. 1870. 
 Petrolatum Ointment may be used instead of Simple 
 Ointment. 
 
 3731. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis. 
 
 Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury {Citrine Ointment). 
 
 Mercury, 7 parts or \]/ 2 ounce. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 17 parts or 3^ ounces. 
 
 Lard Oil, j6 parts or 16^ ounces. 
 
 Heat the Lard Oil in a glass or porcelain vessel to a temper- 
 ature of 70 C. (158 F.), then add, without stirring, 7 parts or 
 \y 2 ounce of Nitric Acid, and continue the heat so long as a 
 moderate effervescence continues, and allow the mixture to 
 cool. Dissolve the Mercury in the remainder of the Nitric 
 Acid and, with the aid of sufficient heat to prevent the solu- 
 tion from crystallizing, add this solution to the mixture before 
 it has become entirely cold, and mix them thoroughly, avoid- 
 ing the use of an iron spatula. U. S. 1880. 
 
 There has been considerable discussion regarding the use of 
 Petrolatum in making this Ointment, and the conclusion is 
 that it is not admissible, for the reason that the reaction which 
 is desired between the Nitric Acid and the olein of the Lard 
 Oil, producing elaidin, does not occur with Petrolatum. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Mercury, by weight, 4 ounces av., 
 Nitric Acid 12 fl. ounces, Prepared Lard 15 ounces av., Olive 
 Oil 32 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Mercury in the Nitric Acid 
 with the aid of gentle heat, melt the Lard in the Oil by a 
 steam or water-bath in a capacious vessel, and, while the mix- 
 ture is at about 212 F. (ioo° C.) add the Solution of Mercury, 
 also at the same temperature, mixing them thoroughly. Un- 
 less the mixture froths extensively, heat until it does. Then 
 stir until cold. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 981 
 
 3732. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis 
 Dilutum. Br. 
 
 Diluted Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. 
 
 Nitrate of Mercury Ointment, Br. (3731), . 1 part. 
 
 Petrolatum 2 parts. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 3733- Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. 
 
 Ointment of Yellow Oxide of Mercury. 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Mercury, in 
 
 very fine powder, . . . .10 parts or 48 grains. 
 Ointment, 90 parts or 432 grains. 
 
 Rub the Oxide of Mercury with the Ointment, gradually 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE WITH PETRI ILATUM. 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Mercury, in very fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oxide of Mercury with the ( )intment, gradually 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 3734. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. 
 
 Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury — Red Precipitate 
 
 Ointment. 
 Red Oxide of Mercury (Red 
 Precipitate), in very fine 
 
 powder, 10 parts or 48 grains. 
 
 Ointment, 90 parts or 432 grains. 
 
 Rub the Oxide of Mercury with a small quantity of the 
 ( lintment until a perfectly smooth mixture is obtained, then 
 gradually add the remainder of the ( lintment and mix thor- 
 oughly. U. S. [880. 
 
 MALI'. \\ II II III Rl 'I VI I M. 
 
 Red Precipitate, in very fine powder, . . 1 ounce. 
 Petrolatum Ointment 9 ounces. 
 
982 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 Rub the Red Precipitate with a small portion of the Oint- 
 ment and then gradually with the remainder until thoroughly 
 mixed. Made with Petrolatum, this Ointment remains perma- 
 nent and unchanged, which is a great advantage over the offi- 
 cinal preparation. 
 
 The Br. P. Ointment is made with Red Oxide of Mercury 
 62 grains, Soft Paraffin ^ ounce, Hard Paraffin y^ ounce. 
 Melt the Paraffins and, when cooling, incorporate the Mercury 
 Oxide. 
 
 The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Hydrargyri 
 Rubrum, is Red Oxide of Mercury 1 part, Paraffin Ointment 9 
 parts. 
 
 3735- Unguentum Hydrargyri Subchloridi. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Subchloride of Mercury. 
 
 Subchloride of Mercury, 80 grains. 
 
 Benzoated Lard, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 This is more familiarly known as Calomel Ointment, and is 
 much used as a mild healing absorbent dressing for sores. 
 
 3736. Unguentum Iodi. 
 
 Unguentuni Iodinii. i8jo — Iodine Ointment. 
 
 Iodine, 4 parts or 20 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, . . . 1 part or 5 grains. 
 
 Water, 2 parts or 10 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 93 parts or 475 grains. 
 Rub the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium first with the 
 Water and then with the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of 
 an iron spatula. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The use of Petrolatum in making this Ointment is not 
 recommended, as with it a greenish-black Ointment results, 
 and the change that occurs is not yet well ascertained. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Iodine, Iodide of Potassium, each 32 
 grains, Glycerin 1 fl. drachm, Prepared Lard 2 ounces av., made 
 in the same manner. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 983 
 
 The Compound Iodine Ointment of the U. S. P. 1870 con- 
 tains 15 grains of Iodine, 30 grains Iodide of Potassium, 30 
 minims Water, 480 grains of Lard. 
 
 3737- Unguentum Iodoformi. 
 
 Iodoform Ointment. 
 
 Iodoform, in very fine powder, 10 parts or 50 grains. 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 450 grains. 
 
 Rub the Iodoform with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually- 
 added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
 The Br. P. formula is the same. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Iodoform, in very fine powder 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Iodoform with a portion of the Benzoinated Petro- 
 latum and then with the remainder, gradually added, until 
 thoroughly mixed. 
 
 3738. Unguentum Mezerei. 
 
 Mczeraim Ointment. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Mezereum, 25 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Lard, 80 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 12 parts or |j ounce av. 
 
 Melt together the Lard and the Wax with a moderate heat. 
 add the Fluid Extract and stir the mixture constantly until 
 the Alcohol has evaporated, then continue to stir until cool. 
 U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLAT1 M. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Mezereum, . . . i fl.ounce. 
 
 Petrolatum 3 '-• ounces av. 
 
 Yellow Wax '-• ounce av. 
 
 Melt the Petrolatum and Yellow Wax together, add the 
 Fluid Extract and stir the mixture constantly until the Alco- 
 hol has evaporated, then continue to stir until cool. 
 
984 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3739- Unguentum Paraffini. G. P. 
 
 Paraffin Ointment — I ^aseline. 
 This is directed to be prepared from : 
 
 Solid Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), I part. 
 
 Liquid Paraffin (Paraffin Oil), 4 parts. 
 
 By melting the Solid Paraffin and incorporating with it the 
 Liquid Paraffin. This is similar to Petrolatum (2447). 
 
 3740. Unguentum Picis Liquidae. 
 
 Tar Ointment. 
 The U. S. P. formula for this Ointment is : 
 
 ' • each, equal parts. 
 Suet, ) 
 
 Mix the Tar with the Suet, previously melted with a mod- 
 erate heat, and, having strained the mixture through muslin, 
 stir it constantly until cool. 
 
 This Ointment is not improved by using Petrolatum, but if 
 it is used, one half as much Yellow Wax as is taken of Petro- 
 latum should be used to give it the proper consistence. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Tar 5 ounces, Yellow Wax 2 ounces. 
 The Wax is melted and the Tar added, the mixture being 
 stirred until cool. 
 
 3741. Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Acetate of Lead. 
 This Ointment, though not officinal in the U. S., is fre- 
 quently prescribed. The following is the same as the British, 
 except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead of Ben- 
 zoinated Lard. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, in very fine 
 
 powder, 12 grains or 2 parts. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, . 1 ounce av. or 73 grains. 
 Mix them thoroughly. 
 
 The Cerate of Subacetate of Lead is generally preferred. 
 The G. P., under the title Unguentum Plumbi, directs Solu- 
 tion Subacetate of Lead 8 parts, Lard 92 parts, to be mixed 
 together. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 985 
 
 3742. Unguentum Plumbi Carbonatis. 
 
 Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. 
 Carbonate of Lead, in very- 
 fine powder, 10 parts or 48 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 
 Rub the Carbonate of Lead (in fine powder) with the Oint- 
 ment or Benzoinated Lard, gradually added, until they are 
 thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 Carbonate of Lead, in fine powder, . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces.. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Lead with the Benzoinated Petrola- 
 tum, gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Carbonate of Lead, in fine powder, 62 
 grains, Simple Ointment 1 ounce av. 
 
 The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Cerussa?, is Car- 
 bonate of Lead 3 parts, Paraffin Ointment (Petrolatum) 7 parts. 
 
 3743. Unguentum Cerussae Camphoratum or Camphorated 
 Carbonate of Lead Ointment of the G. P. is made by rubbing 
 Camphor, in powder, 5 parts, with Carbonate of Lead Oint- 
 ment 95 parts. 
 
 3744. Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Lead. 
 
 Iodide of Lead, 10 parts or 4.X grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 
 Rub the Iodide "I" Lead (in fine powder) with the Ointment 
 or Benzoinated Lard, gradually added, until they are thor- 
 oughly mixed. U.S. 1SS0. 
 
 MADE w nil PETRI »LATU \i. 
 [odide of Lead, in very fine powder, . . i ounce. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum 9 oun 
 
 Kul) the Iodide of Lead with the Benzoinated Petrolatum, 
 gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Iodide of Lead 62 grains, Simple 
 Ointment 1 ounce av. Mix thorough!}'. 
 
986 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 3745. Unguentum Plumbi Tannici. 
 
 Ointment of Tannatc of Lead. 
 
 Tannic Acid I part. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead, 2 parts. 
 
 Lard, 17 parts. 
 
 Rub the Acid with the Solution of Lead to a smooth paste, 
 then incorporate with the Lard. It should be freshly- 
 prepared. 
 
 3746. Unguentum Potassae Sulphuratae. Br. 
 
 Ointment of SnlpJiurated Potash. 
 
 Sulphurated Potash, ... 30 grains or 5 parts. 
 
 Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), % ounce or 18 parts. 
 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . 3^ ounce or 55 parts. 
 
 Triturate the Sulphurated Potash in a glass or porcelain 
 
 mortar and gradually add the melted Paraffins, rubbing them 
 
 together until the Ointment is perfectly smooth and free from 
 
 grittiness. This should be freshly prepared when wanted 
 
 for use. 
 
 3747. Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. 
 Iodide of Potassium, ... 12 parts or 61 grains. 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium, . 1 part or 5 grains. 
 
 Boiling Water, 6 parts or 30 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, . . . . 81 parts or 413 grains. 
 Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium and the Hyposulphite of 
 Sodium in the boiling Water in a warm mortar, then gradually 
 add the Benzoinated Lard and mix thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Hyposulphite of Sodium is added to prevent the dis- 
 coloration which formerly occurred in this Ointment after 
 standing. 
 
 . MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, in fine powder, . . 60 grains. 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium, in fine powder, 5 grains. 
 
 Boiling Water, 30 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 413 grains. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 987 
 
 Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium and the Hyposulphite of 
 Sodium with the boiling Water in a warm mortar, gradually 
 add the Benzoinated Petrolatum and mix thoroughly. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is nearly the same as the U. S. 
 
 The G. P. formula, under the name Unguentum Kalii Jodati, 
 is Iodide of Potassium 20 parts, Water 10 parts, Paraffin Oint- 
 ment (Petrolatum) 170 parts. 
 
 3748. Unguentum Resinae. 
 
 Ointment of Resin — Basilicon Ointment. 
 The Br. P. formula is : 
 
 Resin, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Yellow Wax. 4 ounces av. 
 
 Simple Ointment, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Almond Oil, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Melt at a low temperature, strain the mixture while hot 
 through flannel and stir constantly while it cools. 
 
 The G. P. formula is common Olive Oil 45 parts, Yellow 
 Wax, Resin, Mutton Suet, each 15 parts, common Turpentine 
 (gum) 10 parts. Melt them together, strain, etc. This is sim- 
 ilar to the U. S. Compound Resin Cerate. 
 
 The U. S. Resin Cerate is similar, but a firmer preparation 
 than either of the others. (See page 221.) 
 
 3749. Unguentum Rosmarini Compositum. G. P. 
 
 Rosemary Ointment — Xervensctlbe. 
 
 Lard 16 parts, Mutton Suet 8 parts, Yellow Wax 2 parts, 
 expressed Oil of Nutmeg 2 parts. Mix them together and 
 add to the finished Ointment, Oil of Rosemary 1 part, Oil of 
 Juniper Berries I part. 
 
 3750. Unguentum Sabinae. 
 
 Sa;' in Ointment. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this to be prepared from fresh Savin Tops 
 8 ounces. Yellow Wax x ounces, Benzoated Lard n> ounces, 
 by melting the Laid and Wax together on a water-bath and 
 
988 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 digesting for 24 hours with the Savin, then removing the heat 
 and expressing the Ointment through calico. 
 
 The G. P. directs Extract of Savin 1 part, with Wax Oint- 
 ment 9 parts, melted together and mixed while cooling to 
 form an Ointment. 
 
 The U. S. Cerate of Savine is made from the Fluid Extract 
 and corresponds nearly with the foregoing. (See page 222.) 
 
 3751. Unguentum Staphisagriae. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Staphesacre. 
 
 Staphesacre Seeds, 4 ounces or 1 part. 
 
 Benzoated Lard, 8 ounces or 2 parts. 
 
 Crush the Seeds and macerate them in the Lard, kept melted 
 over a water-bath for two hours, strain through calico and set 
 aside to cool. This contains about 10 per cent, of Oil obtained 
 from the Seed. 
 
 3752. Unguentum Stramonii. 
 
 Stramonium Ointment. 
 
 Extract of Stramonium, . . 10 parts or 51 grains. 
 
 Water, 5 parts or 25 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 85 parts or 433 grains. 
 
 Rub the Extract with the Water until uniformly soft, then 
 gradually add the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, and mix them 
 thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
 Lard. 
 
 3753- Unguentum Sulphuris. 
 
 Snlpliw Ointment. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, .... 30 parts or 144 grains. 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 70 parts or 336 grains. 
 Rub the Sulphur with the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, grad- 
 ually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880, 
 
 Precipitated or Lac Sulphur makes a much smoother Oint- 
 ment, and is much to be preferred. 
 
UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 989 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur, 3 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, -J ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly by rubbing them together. 
 The Br. P. formula is Sublimed Sulphur 1 ounce mixed with 
 Benzoated Lard 4 ounces. 
 
 3754. Unguentum Sulphuris Alkalinum. 
 
 Alkaline Sulphur Ointment. 
 
 Washed Sulphur, 96 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, 48 grains. 
 
 Water, 24 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, 312 grains. 
 
 Rub the Sulphur with the Carbonate of Potassium and the 
 Water, gradually add the Benzoinated Lard and mix thor- 
 oughly. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
 Benzoinated Lard. 
 
 3755- Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 
 
 Iodide of Sulphur, ... 30 grains or 5 parts. 
 
 Hard Paraffin, ^ ounce or 18 parts. 
 
 Soft Paraffin, ^ ounce or 55 parts. 
 
 Triturate the Iodide of Sulphur in a glass or porcelain mor- 
 tar and gradually add the melted mixture of Paraffins, rubbing 
 them together until cold. 
 
 3756. Unguentum Tabaci. 
 
 (hutment of Tobaeco. 
 
 Tobacco, in fun- powder y> ounce. 
 
 Lard S ounces. 
 
 Water, ,1 sufficient quantity. 
 
 Moisten the Tobacco with a little Water, introduce it into a 
 conical glass percolator, and, having pressed it firmly, pour 
 
990 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 Water upon it until 4 fl. ounces of liquid have passed. Evap- 
 orate this liquid to the consistence of a soft extract, and mix 
 it thoroughly with the Lard. U. S. 1870. 
 
 This may be made with Petrolatum instead of Lard. 
 
 3757- Unguentum Terebinthinae. 
 
 Turpentine Ointment. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Oil of Turpentine 1 fl. ounce, Resin, in 
 coarse powder, 54 grains, Yellow Wax y 2 ounce av., Prepared 
 Lard y 2 ounce av. Melt the solid ingredients together and, 
 while cooling, add the Oil and stir. 
 
 The G. P. formula is Common Turpentine (gum), Yellow 
 Wax, Oil of Turpentine, each equal parts by weight. 
 
 This is used as a stimulating Ointment for sores, ulcers, etc. 
 The Br. preparation has less consistence than the German, and 
 may be used when a very soft Ointment is desired, but the 
 German is generally preferred. 
 
 3758. Unguentum Veratrinae. 
 
 Veratrine Ointment. 
 
 Veratrine, 4 parts or 20 grains. 
 
 Alcohol 6 parts or 35 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 96 parts or 480 grains. 
 Rub the Veratrine with the Alcohol in a warm mortar until 
 dissolved, then gradually add the Benzoinated Lard and mix 
 thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Veratrine, 20 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 35 minims. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 480 grains. 
 
 Rub the Veratrine with the Alcohol in a warm mortar until 
 dissolved, then gradually add the Benzoinated Petrolatum and 
 mix thoroughly. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Veratrine 8 grains, Hard Paraffin (Par- 
 affin Wax) y ounce av., Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum) ^ ounce 
 av., Olive Oil 1 fl. drachm. Rub the Veratrine and Oil together 
 and incorporate with the melted Paraffins. 
 
UN GUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 991 
 
 3759- Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc Ointment. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc, 20 parts or 96 grains. 
 
 Benzoinated Lard, .... 80 parts or 384 grains. 
 Rub the Oxide of Zinc with an equal weight of Benzoinated 
 Lard, previously melted, until the mixture is perfectly smooth, 
 then add the remainder of the Benzoinated Lard and mix 
 thoroughly. U. S. 1880 
 
 MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc, 2 ounces. 
 
 Benzoinated Petrolatum, 8 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Oxide of Zinc with an equal weight of Benzoinated 
 Petrolatum in a warm mortar until they are thoroughly and 
 smoothly mixed, then add the remainder of the Benzoinated 
 Petrolatum and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 The Br. P. Ointment of Zinc is Oxide of Zinc 80 grains, Ben- 
 zoinated Lard I ounce av., mixed in the same manner as above 
 directed. 
 
 The G. P. formula is common Oxide of Zinc 1 part. Lard 
 9 parts. 
 
 3760. Unguentum Zinci Oleati. Br. 
 
 Ointment of Oleate of Zinc. 
 
 < )leate of Zinc, i ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 Mix by the aid of a little heat and stir until nearly cold. 
 
 Unofficial Ointments. 
 
 The foregoing ollicial Ointments include the greater share that are used to 
 any extent in dispensing pharmacy, but many others are or have been used 
 and are now occasionally called for. It would be impracticable to give 
 detailed formulas for all of them, as the list of official Ointments is already 
 sufficient for the general uses of pharmacy and medicine, so only the more 
 important ones, for which there is sonic demand, are mentioned and classi- 
 
 owing their composition. They can be made in the same general way 
 as is directed for similar official I ointments. Solid drugs generally should be 
 reduced to fine powder. Alkaloids should be rubbed with a few drops of 
 Alcohol. Extracts should be slightly softened with Alcohol or Water. I oint- 
 ment made with I.ard or with Petrolatum may be used as a base, the latter 
 
992 
 
 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 
 
 being generally preferable. Lard or Petrolatum alone are sometimes used 
 when softer Ointments are desired. The following list shows the composition 
 of the more important Unofficial Ointments: 
 
 SIMPLE UNOFFICIAL OINTMENTS. 
 
 No. 
 
 Ointment of 
 
 Composed of 
 
 3761 Alum 
 
 3762 Ammonium Carb 
 
 3763 Arsenical (Mild) ... . 
 
 3764 Arsenical (Hospital) 
 
 3765 Arsenical (Cancer) 
 
 3766 Arseniate of Iron 
 
 3767 Arseniate of Sodium. . . 
 376S 1 Balsam Peru 
 
 3769 Balsams, other 
 
 3770 Bromide Salts 
 
 3771 Bromine 
 
 3772 Brown (Ungt. Fuscum). 
 
 3773 Cadmium Salts 
 
 3774 Caffeine 
 
 3775 Camphor 
 
 3776 Cantharidine 
 
 3777JCapsicum 
 
 3778 1 Catechu 
 
 3779 Chalk 
 
 3780 Chamomile 
 
 3781 Charcoal 
 
 3782 Cherry Laurel 
 
 3783 Chloral Hydrate 
 
 3784 Chloride of Lead 
 
 3785 Chlorine 
 
 3786 Chloroform 
 
 3787 Cocculus Indicus 
 
 3788 Cod Liver Oil 
 
 3789 Colocynth 
 
 3790 Corrosiye Sublimate . . . 
 379iCroton Oil 
 
 3792 Cyanide of Mercury ... 
 
 3793 Cyanide of Potassium . 
 
 3794 Elder Flower 
 
 3795 Elder Leaf, green 
 
 3796 Emetina 
 
 3797 Euphorbium 
 
 3798 Foxglove 
 
 3799 Garlic 
 
 3800 Gold (Pomade d'Or)... 
 
 3801 Gold Chloride 
 
 3802 Hellebore 
 
 3803 1 Hemlock (Conium) 
 
 3804 Hops 
 
 3805 1 Iodide of Sulphur 
 
 3806 Laurel 
 
 3S07 Lupuline 
 
 3808 Naphthalin 
 
 3809 Picrotoxin 
 
 3810 Pitch (Black Basilicon) . 
 
 3811! Poplar Buds 
 
 3842 Quinine 
 
 3S13 Scrof ularia 
 
 3814 Squill 
 
 3815 Strychnine 
 
 3816 Sulphate of Zinc 
 
 3X17 Virdigris 
 
 3818 W 1 Soot 
 
 Alum 40 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 
 Carbonate Ammonium 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Arsenic 3 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Arsenic 15 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Ar.-i'iiic 40 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Arseniate of Iron 20 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Arseniate of Sodium 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Balsam Peru 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 The required Balsam 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 The Bromide Salt 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Bromide Potassium 20 grs., Bromine 10 m., Ointment 1 oz. 
 Nitric Oxide of Mercury 30 grains, Resin Ointment 1 oz. 
 J The Cadmium Salt 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Caffeine 5 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Camphor 1 to 2 drachms, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Cantharidine 1 grain, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Oleo-resin Capsicum 5 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Catechu 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Prepared Chalk % ounce, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
 Chamomile Extract 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 |Charcoal 1 part, Resin Ointment 3 parts. 
 Cherry Laurel Oil 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Chloral Hydrate 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Chloride of Lead 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Chlorine Water 1 part, Lard 9 parts. 
 Chloroform 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Cocculus Indicus 2 drachms, Lard 8 drachms. 
 Cod Liver Oil 7 parts, White Wax and Cetaceum each 1 pt. 
 Colocynth Pulp 1 part, Lard 8 parts. 
 Corrosive Sublimate 5 grains, Spermaceti Oint. 1 ounce. 
 Croton Oil 20 minims, Lard 1 ounce. 
 Mercury Cyanide 10 grains, Lard 1 ounce. 
 ! Cyanide of Potassium 5 grains, Cold Cream 1 ounce. 
 Elder Flowers and Lard, equal parts, boiled together. 
 Elder Leaves 3 pts., Lard 3pts., Suet3pts., boiled together. 
 Emetina 30 grains, Alcohol q. s., Lard 1 ounce. 
 Euphorbium 30 grains, Lard 1 ounce. 
 
 Digitalis, fresh leaves, Lard, each equal pts., boiled together. 
 Garlic, fresh bruised 2 pts., Lard 3 pts., simmered together. 
 Gold Leaf 12 grains, rubbed with Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Chloride of Gold 12 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
 White Hellebore 2 drachms, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
 Conium Extract 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
 Hops, fresh, 1 part, Lard 5 parts, simmered together. 
 Sulphur Iodide 30 grains, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
 Laurel Oil, expressed, 2 ozs., Suet 1 oz., Oil Turp. ij^ dr. 
 Lupulin 1 part, Lard 3 parts, digest by heat. 
 Naphthalin J£ ounce, Petrolatum 8 ounces. 
 Picrotoxin 10 grains, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
 Pitch, Resin, Beeswax, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 2 ounces. 
 Poplar Buds, fresh, 1 part, Lard 4 parts, digest with heat. 
 Sulphate of Quinine 2 drachms, Lard 6 drachms. 
 Figwort Leaves, fresh, Lard, each 2 parts, Suet 1 pt., boil. 
 Squill, in fine powder, 1 part, Mercurial Ointment 2 parts. 
 Strychnine 16 grains, Lard or Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
 Sulphate of Zinc, fine powder, 1 drachm, Lard 1 ounce. 
 Verdigris 30 grains, Resin Ointment 1 ounce. 
 Wood S iot and Lard, mixed, equal parts. 
 
UN< .UEXTA — OINTMENTS. 993 
 
 Compound Unofficial Ointments. 
 
 Of the great number of Compound Ointments that are known but few, 
 except those official in the leading pharmacopoeias (and already given), are of 
 sufficient interest to require notice. Others will be found among The Stand- 
 ard Remedies. 
 
 3820. Alkaline Ointment. — Carbonate of Sodium (^Sal Soda) 1 drachm, 
 fresh slacked Lime 30 grains, powdered Opium 1 grain, Lard or Petrolatum 
 1 ounce. Mix them. 
 
 3821. Antiperiodic Ointment. Br. — Sulphate of Ouinine 90 grains, 
 Saccharated Carbonate of Iron 60 grains, Oil Cajuput 30 drops, Petrolatum 
 or fresh Butter 1 ounce. Mix them. 
 
 3822. Aromatic Ointment. — Yellow Wax, Oil of Laurel, expressed, each 
 1 ounce, Simple Ointment 13 ounces. Melt them together and add, when 
 nearly cool, Oil of Juniper, Peppermint, Lavender, and Rosemary, each 40 
 minims. 
 
 3823. Astringent Ointment.— The official Ointment of Galls and the 
 Lead Ointments are often used as Astringent Ointments. The following is 
 also used : Powdered Catechu 90 grains, softened with boiling Water 2 
 drachms, and mixed with Spermaceti Ointment or Simple Ointment, melted 
 until it forms a mass. Or, from Alum 1 ounce, Catechu 3 ounces, both in 
 very fine powder, added to Olive Oil 10 ounces, in which Yellow Resin 4 
 ounces is melted, and stirred until cool. 
 
 3824. Egg Ointment. — Oil of Almonds i l / 2 ounce, Beeswax x / 2 ounce. 
 Melt them together and, when cool but still fluid, add the Yolk of 1 Egg and 
 30 drops of Balsam of Peru and beat them thoroughly together. 
 
 3825. Egyptian Ointment. — Burnt Alum 1 part, Verdigris 10 parts, 
 strong Vinegar 14 parts, purified, thick Honey 32 parts. Mix them well 
 together. 
 
 3826. Juniper Tar Ointment. — Lard and Suet, each 6 parts, Beeswax 4 
 part-. Melt them together and, while cooling, add Oil of Juniper Tar (Oil 
 of Cade) 16 parts, Oil of Lavender 1 part. 
 
 3827. Labdanum Ointment.— Labdanum 6 drachms, Petrolatum 2 
 ounces, Oil of Mace 1 drachm, Oil of Wormwood 10 drops, Balsam Peru 2 
 drachms. Make an Ointment. 
 
 3828. Mayer's Ointment — Compound Lead Ointment Amer. Disp. 
 olive Oil 2ji pounds, White Pine Turpentine '2 pound. Beeswax, unsalted 
 
 Butter, each 4 ounces, Red Lead 1 pound, Money u ounces, powdered 1 am- 
 Melt the Oil, Turpentine, Beeswax, and Butter together and 
 strain, then heat to nearly boiling and gradually add the Red Lead, stirring 
 the mixture constantly until it becomes brown or black, then remove from 
 the tire and. u hen it becomes somewhat cool, add 10 h the l loney and I !am- 
 phor, previously mixed together. 
 
994 UNGUENTA. URANIUM. UREA. 
 
 3829. Ointment Nervine — Nervine Balsam.— Expressed Oil of Mace, 
 Ox Marrow, each 4 ounces. Melt by gentle heat and add Oil of Rosemary 
 2 drachms, Oil of Cloves 1 drachm, Camphor 1 drachm, Balsam Tolu 2 
 drachms (the last two dissolved in Alcohol 4 drachms). 
 
 3830. Pomade pour le Toncher or Obstetrical Ointment. — Yellow 
 Wax, Spermaceti, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 16 ounces. Melt together, strain, 
 add Solution of Caustic Soda 1 fl. ounce, and stir until nearly cold. 
 
 3831. Stramonium Ointment Compound — {Beach's). — Bittersweet, bark 
 of root, Stramonium Leaves, Cicuta Leaves, Deadly Nightshade, Yellow Dock 
 Root, each 2 ounces, Lard 1 pound, Venice Turpentine 2 ounces. Bruise 
 the roots and leaves, cover them with Alcohol and digest with a moderate 
 heat for four hours, then add the Lard and continue the heat until the leaves 
 are crisped. Lastly, strain and express through linen, add the Turpentine 
 and stir constantly until cold. 
 
 URANIUM. 
 
 Symbol, U ; Atomic weight, 238.5. 
 
 This is a rare metal, discovered by Klaproth about a cen- 
 tury ago, but seldom used. It is distinguished as having the 
 greatest combining weight of any known element. • It unites 
 with Oxygen, forming Uranic Oxide, U 2 3 , and with Chlo- 
 rine, forming two Chlorides, U 2 C1 S and UC1 2 . Its salts are 
 used in photography, but are seldom employed in pharmacy. 
 
 UREA. 
 
 COH 4 U 2 . 
 This is a constituent of urine, and is noted as being the first 
 organic compound artificially produced. Artificial Urea is 
 employed in medicine. Its salts are sometimes employed as 
 diuretics. 
 
 3832. Nitrate of Urea. — This may be prepared by saturating artificial 
 Urea with Nitric Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. The dose is from 2 
 to 5 grains as a diuretic, especially in dropsy. Other salts of Urea may be 
 prepared in the same manner. 
 
 3833. Uric Acid — Lit hie Acid. — This occurs in the urine of certain 
 animals and in morbid conditions of the kidneys. It is supposed to be the 
 principal cause of acute rheumatic affections, gout, etc.. and is one of the 
 most common constituents of urinary calculi. 
 
VANADIUM. VANILLIN. VAPORES — VAPORS. 995 
 
 VANADIUM. 
 
 Symbol, V; Atomic weight, 51.3. 
 
 A rare metallic element, discovered in certain iron and cop- 
 per ores in various parts of the world. The salts of Vana- 
 dium are chiefly used in dyeing, but as it is very expensive it is 
 only used by experienced dyers. Vanadium black is the rich- 
 est and most permanent black dye known. An ink is also 
 made with Vanadium Ammoniate, Acid, and infusion of Galls, 
 which is very permanent and durable. With Oxygen it forms 
 several oxides, but the most important salts of Vanadium are 
 its ammonia compounds, known as Vanadinate of Ammonium. 
 
 3834. VANILLIN. 
 
 C 8 H 8 3 . 
 
 Vanillin is the odorous crystalline principle of Vanilla and 
 is chemically the Aldehyd of Methyl-protocatechuic Acid. It 
 is also artificially prepared from the sap-wood or juice of pine 
 trees, and from many other substances, by complex processes. 
 It has been prepared and considerably sold for making Extract 
 of Vanilla, but the flavor of the product lacks the richness 
 and delicacy of the true extract or tincture made from Vanilla. 
 
 One ounce of Vanillin with 1^ gallon of Cologne Spirit, 
 1 V\ gallon of Water, and ^ gallon of Syrup, colored with 
 Caramel, produces a fair imitation of Vanilla Extract. 
 
 VAPORES VAPORS. 
 
 In British Pharmacy Vapors are solutions of medicinal sub- 
 stances which ait- volatilized by passing through a suitable 
 
 apparatus, and an- intended to be us.-d by inhalation. It 
 seems hardly necessary to have made them official. For the 
 inhalation of different substances different kinds of apparatus 
 are required. 
 
996 VAPO RES — VAPORS. 
 
 3835. Vapor Acidi Hydrocyanici — Inhalation of Hydrocyanic Acid. — 
 Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid 10 to 15 minims, Water (cold) 1 fl.drachm. Mix 
 in a suitable apparatus and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 
 
 3836. Vapor Chlori — Inhalation of Chlorine.— Chlorinated Lime 2 
 ounces, Water (cold) a sufficiency. Put the powder into a suitable appara- 
 tus, moisten it with the Water and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 
 
 3837. Vapor Coninae — Inhalation of Conine. — ■ Juice of Hemlock (Co- 
 nium) y z fl. ounce, Solution of Potash 1 fl. drachm, distilled Water 1 fl. ounce. 
 Put 20 minims of the mixture on a sponge in a suitable apparatus so that the 
 vapor of hot water passing over it may be inhaled. 
 
 3838. Vapor Creasoti — Inhalation of Creasote. — Creasote 12 minims, 
 boiling Water 8 fl.ounces. Mix the Creasote and Water in an apparatus so 
 arranged that air may be made to pass through the solution and may after- 
 ward be inhaled. 
 
 3839. Vapor Iodi — Inhalation of Iodine. — Tincture of Iodine 1 
 fl.drachm, Water 1 fl.ounce. Mix in a suitable apparatus, which can be gently 
 heated, and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 
 
 3840. Vapor Olei Pini Sylvestris — Inhalation of Fir-wool Oil. — Oil 
 of Fir-wool 40 minims, Light Carbonate of Magnesium 20 grains, Water a 
 sufficiency. Rub the Oil with the Magnesium and gradually add sufficient 
 Water to produce 1 fl.ounce. Put 1 fl.drachm of the mixture with 10 
 fl.ounces of cold Water and 10 fl.ounces of boiling Water into an apparatus 
 so arranged that air may be made to pass through the solution and may after- 
 ward be inhaled. 
 
 Other Vapors. 
 
 A great variety of other volatile substances may be employed in the form 
 of vapor in a similar manner. 
 
 3841. Vapor of Carbolic Acid is prepared in the same manner as Vapor 
 of Creasote. 
 
 3842. Vapor of Nitrite of Amyl is prepared with Nitrite of Amyl 8 min- 
 ims in Alcohol 1 ounce, and a fl.drachm used in a pint of Water at ioo° F., 
 for asthma, headache, etc. 
 
 3843. Vapors of Menthol, Thymol, and other similar substances are 
 prepared in the same manner as Vapor of Fir-wool Oil. 
 
 3844. Vapor of Terebene and of Essential Oils, etc., are prepared in 
 the same manner. 
 
 Besides this method of applying Vapors, Steam Atomisers are considera- 
 bly used for the local treatment of the nasal organs and throat. By this 
 means a spray of the medicinal substance is applied directly to the parts. 
 Inhalations of Oxygen and other gaseous substances in the form of vapor 
 or otherwise are also employed, with suitable apparatus. 
 
VINA — WINES. 997 
 
 VINA — WINES. 
 
 As considered in Pharmacy, Wines are liquid medicinal prep- 
 arations in which Wine is chiefly used as the menstruum or 
 vehicle for holding the medicinal principles in solution. They 
 are similar to, but generally weaker than, Tinctures. 
 
 The basis of the Medicinal Wines is the fermented juice of 
 different varieties of grapes — the light colored varieties being 
 known in U. S. Pharmacy as Vinum Album or White Wine, 
 and the dark varieties being known as Vinum Rubrum or Red 
 Wine. In other pharmacopoeias specific varieties of Wines 
 are directed, as Vinum Xertcunt, Sherry Wine, Vinum Oporto 
 or Port Wine, etc. 
 
 As found in the market, Wines possess scarcely sufficient 
 alcoholic strength for the solution and preservation of most 
 medicinal substances. The U. S. Pharmacopoeia therefore 
 directs that they shall be fortified with Alcohol sufficient to 
 make up for this deficiency, as instanced in Vinum Album 
 Fortius. 
 
 The following are the official Wines of the leading phar- 
 macopoeias : 
 
 3846. Vinum Album. 
 
 This is described in the U. S. P. as a p. lie amber-colored 
 or straw-colored alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the 
 unmodified juice of the grape, freed from seeds, stems, and 
 skins. It should not contain less than 10 nor more than [2 
 per cent., by weight, of Absolute Alcohol. 
 
 3847. Vinum Album Fortius. 
 
 Stronger White Wine. 
 
 White Wine 7 parts or 55 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol I part or . , « _. ll. ounces. 
 
 Mix tin-in. When tested for Alcohol, as described under 
 
 White Wine, Stronger White- Wine should contain not less 
 
 than 20 per cent, nor more than 25 per cent, oi Absolute Alco- 
 hol, by weight. V . S. t88o. 
 
998 VINA — WINES. 
 
 The object of adding Alcohol is to have a Wine for pharma- 
 ceutical purposes that will contain a definite and sufficient 
 quantity of Alcohol to dissolve and preserve medicinal agents 
 with which it is combined. This preparation is used as the 
 base of all the medicinal Wines of the U. S. 1880 Pharmaco- 
 poeia, in place of " Sherry Wine," which was directed in all 
 the formulas of the 1870 revision. While this change is no 
 doubt beneficial in a general sense, the present preparations will 
 not necessarily correspond in flavor nor appearance with those 
 that have been formerly prepared for any Wine, except a Red 
 Wine may be used. 
 
 3848. Vinum Aloes. 
 
 Wine of Aloes. 
 
 Purified Aloes, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cardamom, 1 part or 73 grains. 
 
 Ginger, 1 part or y^ grains. 
 
 Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 Mix the Aloes, Cardamom, and Ginger and reduce them to 
 a moderately coarse powder, macerate the powder with 13 
 ounces of the Wine for seven days, with occasional agitation, 
 and filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
 Wine to make a pint of the finished liquid. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. formula is Socotrine Aloes 1 % ounce av., Cardamom 
 Seeds, bruised, 80 grains, Ginger, in coarse powder, 80 grains, 
 Sherry 40 fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days and filter. 
 
 The dose of Wine of Aloes is from 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 3849. Vinum Antimonii 
 
 Wine of Antimony. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Po- 
 tassium, 4 parts or 29 grains. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, ... 60 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Stronger White Wine, suffici- 
 ent to make 1000 parts or a pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium in the 
 Water, and, while the solution is hot, add 10 fl. ounces of Wine 
 
VINA — WINES. 999 
 
 and filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
 Wine to make the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Vinum Antimoniale or Antimonial Wine. — Under this title 
 the Br. P. directs Tartrated Antimony 1 part or 40 grains, 
 Sherry 219 fl. parts or 1 pint Imperial (20 fl. ounces). 
 
 Vinium Stibiatum of the G. P. is made with Tartrate of Anti- 
 mony and Potassium I part, dissolved in Sherry Wine 250 parts. 
 
 The dose of Wine of Antimony is from 5 to 15 minims for 
 cough and bronchial troubles, and a fl. drachm as an emetic, 
 repeated if necessary. 
 
 3850. Vinum Aromaticum. 
 
 Aromatic Wine. 
 
 Lavender, 
 
 Origanum, 
 
 Peppermint, 
 
 Rosemary, 
 
 Sage, 
 
 Wormwood, 
 
 Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. 
 Mix the solid ingredients and reduce them to a coarse pow- 
 der, moisten the powder with a fl. ounce of Stronger White 
 Wine, pack it moderately in a conical glass percolator and 
 gradually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make 
 the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This is somewhat similar to the Vin Aromatique of the 
 French Codex. 
 
 each, .... 1 part or 72 grains. 
 
 3851. Vinum Aurantii. Br. 
 
 Orange Wine. 
 
 Wine made: in Britain by the fermentation of a saccharine 
 solution to which the fresh peel of the Bitter Orange has been 
 added. Br. 
 
 This official Br. Wine is simply a Wine flavored with ( >range, 
 and it seems unnecessary to be to so much trouble to prepare 
 it. It may be readily prepared by adding a sufficient quantity 
 of Tincture of fresh Orange Peel or a Solution of ( hi of Bit- 
 ter ' Grange in Alcohol to Sherry or other White Wine. 
 
 Orange Wane is used for making flavored medicinal Wines. 
 
1000 VINA — WINES. 
 
 3852. Vinum Camphoratum. G. P. 
 
 Wine of Camphor. 
 
 Camphor, 1 part. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 part. 
 
 Mucilage of Acacia, 3 parts. 
 
 White Wine, 45 parts. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor by rubbing with the Alcohol and 
 gradually add the remaining ingredients. By using Water 
 instead of Wine this maybe dispensed as Camphor Julep when 
 wanted. 
 
 3853. Vinum Chinae. G. P. 
 
 Wine of Cinchona. 
 
 Tincture of Cinchona, 1 part. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 part. 
 
 Sherry Wine, 3 parts. 
 
 Mix and set the mixture aside for three weeks, then filter. 
 See, also, Wine of Calisaya (3875). Wine of Cinchona made 
 from the alkaloids of the bark is generally preferred to this. 
 
 3854. Vinum Colchici Radicis. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum Root. 
 
 Colchicum Root, .... 40 parts or 13^ ounces av. 
 Stronger White Wine, suf- 
 ficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Reduce the Root to a No. 30 powder, and moisten it with 
 6 fl. ounces of Wine, pack it moderately in a conical percolator, 
 and gradually pour enough Wine upon it to make the filtered 
 liquid measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This is a standard remedy for rheumatism and gout, the 
 dose being 5 to 20 minims. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Colchicum Corm (root), in No. 20 powder, 
 4 ounces av., to be macerated with 20 fl. ounces of Sherry, then 
 pressed and strained through calico and sufficient Sherry added 
 to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 This is only about half the strength of the U. S. preparation. 
 
 The dose is 10 to 30 minims. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1001 
 
 3855. Vinum Colchici Seminis. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum Seed. 
 
 Colchicum Seed, ... 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 Stronger White Wine, suf- 
 ficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
 Reduce the Seed to a No. 20 powder and macerate it for 
 seven days with 30 fl. ounces of the Wine, then filter and add 
 through the filter enough Wine to make 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 This is given for Rheumatism, etc., the dose being 10 to 20 
 minims. 
 
 The G. P. directs Colchicum Seed 1 part, to be macerated 
 with Sherry Wine 10 parts, for eight days, then expressed and 
 the liquid filtered. 
 
 The dose is 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 3856. Vinum Ergotae. 
 
 Wine of Ergot. 
 
 Ergot, in No. 30 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
 Stronger White Wine, 
 
 sufficient to make . .100 parts or 2 pints. 
 
 Moisten the powder with 10 fl. ounces of Stronger White 
 Wine, pack it moderately in a cylindrical percolator and grad- 
 ually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make 2 
 pints. U. S. 1880. 
 
 This preparation, which was formerly very much prescribed 
 and used by physicians, is now but little employed, as the 
 Fluid Extract is more concentrated and convenient. 
 
 3857. Vinum Ferri. Br. 
 
 Wine of Iron. 
 [ron Wire 1 ounce or 1 part. 
 
 Shell)' 20 ll. ounces or 20 ll. parts. 
 
 Macerate for 30 days in a closed vessel, the Iron being 
 almost but not wholly immersed in the Win., and the vessel 
 frequently shaken and the stopper removed, then filter. 
 
 The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 
 
1002 VINA — WINES. 
 
 3858. Vinum Ferri Amarum. 
 
 Bitter Wine of Iron. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine, . 8 parts. 
 
 Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel 12 parts. 
 
 Syrup, 36 parts. 
 
 Stronger White Wine 44 parts. 
 
 To make 100 parts. 
 
 Mix and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 
 
 Few druggists keep the solution of Citrate of Iron and 
 Quinine on hand, and if it is desired to make this preparation 
 from the officinal formula or its equivalent, the scale salt, 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine may be used. The following is 
 identical in composition with the officinal formula: 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine (soluble) . . 580 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Stronger White Wine, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 To 1 ounce of hot Water, in an evaporating dish, gradually 
 add the Citrate of Iron and Quinine, agitating it gently over 
 a spirit lamp until the salt is dissolved, add the solution to the 
 Tincture, then mix with the Syrup and Wine and add enough 
 Water to make the measure 2 pints. 
 
 This is unlike the Bitter Wine of Iron furnished by manu- 
 facturers, being much stronger of both Iron and Quinine. 
 See 3876. 
 
 3859. Vinum Ferri Citratis. 
 
 Wine of Citrate of Iron. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammo- 
 nium, 4 parts or 580 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Sweet Orange 
 
 Peel, 12 parts or 4^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 12 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Stronger White Wine, . . 72 parts or 23 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1003 
 
 The Citrate of Iron should be dissolved in an ounce of warm 
 Water before adding to the other ingredients. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 160 
 grains or I part, Orange Wine 20 fl. ounces or 55 fl. parts. Dis- 
 solve and let the solution remain for three days in a closed 
 vessel, shaking occasionally; afterwards filter. 
 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Other soluble salts of Iron that are not precipitated by the 
 acid of the Wine may be used. 
 
 3860. Vinum Ipecacuanhas. 
 
 J Vine of Ipecac. 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, . 7 parts or 2]^ fl. ounces. 
 Stronger White Wine, . 93 parts or 30 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Ipecacuanha, coarsely powdered, 1 
 ounce, Acetic Acid 1 fl. ounce, distilled Water a sufficiency. 
 Sherry 20 fl. ounces. Macerate the powder in the Acid for 24 
 hours, transfer to a percolator and pass sufficient distilled 
 Water through it to produce 20 fl. ounces of the liquor, evapo- 
 rate the product to dryness over a water-bath, powder the resi- 
 due and macerate it in the Sherry for 48 hours, with occasional 
 agitation, and filter. 
 
 The G. P. directs 1 part of Ipecac to be macerated with 10 
 parts of Sherry Wine. 
 
 It will be observed that the U. S. preparation represents 7 
 per cent., the Br. 5 per cent., and the German 10 per cent, of 
 the drug. 
 
 The dose is from 5 to 20 minims, as an expectorant, and 
 from l to 3 fl. drachms, as an emetic. 
 
 3861. Vinum Opii. 
 Wine of Opium. 
 
 U. S. P. [870. 
 
 Opium, in powder 960 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powdei 60 grains. 
 
 Cloves, in powder 60 grains. 
 
 Sluii}' Wine, sufficient to make .... a pint. 
 
1004 VINA — WINES. 
 
 U. S. P 1880. 
 
 Powdered Opium, 829 grains. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder, 73 grains. 
 
 Cloves, in powder, 73 grains. 
 
 Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make a pint. 
 To the mixed powders add 14 fl. ounces of the Wine and 
 macerate the mixture for seven days, with occasional agitation, 
 then transfer it to a filter and gradually pour enough Wine 
 upon it to make the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 
 Although this preparation is now but seldom used, the dif- 
 ference in the strength of Opium should be noted, the 1880 
 being about one third weaker than the 1870. 
 
 The Br. P. directs Extract of Opium 1 ounce av., Cinnamon 
 Bark, bruised, 75 grains, Cloves, bruised, 75 grains, Sherry 1 
 pint. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel and filter. 
 The dose is 10 to 40 minims. 
 
 3862. Vinum Pepsini. G. P. 
 
 Wine of Pepsin. 
 
 Pepsin, . . . 50 parts. 
 
 Glycerin, 50 parts. 
 
 Water, 50 parts. 
 
 White Wine, 1845 parts. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 5 parts. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin, Glycerin, and Water together to a thin 
 paste, then add the Wine and Acid, set aside for six days, with 
 occasional stirring, and filter. See also Wine of Pepsin (3883). 
 
 3863. Vinum Quininse. Br. 
 
 Wine of Quinine. 
 Sulphate of Quinine, . . 20 grains or 1 part. 
 
 Citric Acid, 30 grains or \y 2 part. 
 
 Orange Wine, .... 20 fl. ounces or 438 parts. 
 Dissolve first the Citric Acid and the Quinine salt in the 
 Wine, allow the solution to remain for three days in a closed 
 vessel, shaking it occasionally, and afterwards filter. 
 
 A fl. ounce contains I grain of Quinine. Dose, 1 to 2 table- 
 
 spoonfuls. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1005 
 
 
 A formula for Quinine Wine was given in a former edition 
 of FENNER'S FORMULARY, double the strength of this. It 
 was Sulphate of Quinine 32 grains, Sherry Wine 12 fl. ounces, 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Syrup 1 ounce, Soluble Flavoring 1 ounce. 
 
 A tablespoonful contains 1 grain of Quinine. 
 
 3864. Vinum Rhei. 
 
 Wine of Rhubarb. 
 Rhubarb, No. 30 powder, . 10 parts or 730 grains. 
 Calamus, No. 30 powder, . 1 part or 73 grains. 
 Stronger White Wine, suffi- 
 cient to make 100 parts or a pint. 
 
 Moisten the mixed powders with 2 ounces of Stronger White 
 Wine, pack the mixture in a conical glass percolator and grad- 
 ually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make the 
 filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 18S0. 
 
 The Br. P. formula is Rhubarb Root, in coarse powder, 1^ 
 ounce av., Canella bark, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Sherry 20 
 fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, then 
 strain, press, filter, and add Sherry to make 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 3865. Vinum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Wine. 
 
 The U. S. P. describes this as a deep-red alcoholic liquid, 
 made by fermenting the juice of colored grapes in presence of 
 their skins. It should contain not less than 10 nor more than 
 12 per cent., by weight, of Absolute Alcohol. 
 
 3866. Vinum Xericum. 
 
 Sherry. 
 This is a light-colored Spanish Wine, which was formerly 
 directed to be used in the U. S. 1'.. and is still directed in the 
 
 Br. P. [t contains a larger percentage of Alcohol than mosl 
 Wines, about 17 per cent, being the avera 
 
 Other varieties of Wine are also used for making the official 
 preparations, the California and native Wines being consider- 
 ably used. It is only required that they contain sufficient 
 alcohol to keep the preparations. 
 
1006 VINA — WINES. 
 
 Other Medicinal Wines. 
 
 The foregoing Wines are those official in the leading phar- 
 macopoeias, but besides these are many unofficial medicinal 
 Wines which are considerably used, the most important among 
 them being known as elegant preparations. They are, there- 
 fore, given the same prominence as the official Wines. 
 
 3870. Prepared Wine. 
 
 For making medicinal Wines, containing organic salts or 
 principles, or salts of Iron, it is necessary to use a Wine which 
 is free fron tannin or astringent principles which will cause dis- 
 coloration or precipitation. Many of the Wines, also, have 
 not sufficient alcoholic strength to keep the preparations in 
 which they are combined, and it is necessary to add more Alco- 
 hol to them, as is directed for making the Stronger White 
 Wine of the U. S. P. 
 
 In making the following Wines, therefore, it is expedient to 
 have a Prepared Wine which corresponds with these require- 
 ments, as follows : 
 
 White Wine, Sherry or native, .... 7 pints. 
 
 White of Egg, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Beat the White of Egg to a froth and mix it with the Wine, 
 heat to about 170 F., or until the albumen is coagulated, then 
 cool, add the Alcohol and, after standing a few hours, filter 
 clear through paper. 
 
 This serves as a basis for all the medicinal Wines which fol- 
 low, and may with advantage be used in the official Wines 
 foregoing in place of the Stronger White Wine directed. 
 
 3871. Aromatic Wine. 
 
 Cinnamon, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Nutmeg, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 2 pints. 
 
 Macerate for 14 days and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1007 
 
 3872. Wine of Beef. 
 
 Leibig's Extract of Meat I ounce av. 
 
 Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Extract of Meat with the Elixir and add the Wine. 
 After standing a few days, filter. 
 
 A tablespoonful, which is the usual dose, represents 1 ounce 
 of fresh beef. 
 
 This preparation is really much more desirable than the pop- 
 ular Wine of Beef and Iron, as the Iron is better in some 
 other combination than with the beef. See remarks after 
 Wine of Beef and Iron. 
 
 3873. Wine of Beef and Iron. 
 
 Leibig's Extract of Meat, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 64 grains. 
 (Other soluble salts of Iron may be used. ) 
 
 Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Extract of Meat with the Elixir, dissolve the Iron 
 salt in about ]/ 2 fl. ounce of hot Water and add to the Wine. 
 then mix the Wine with the mixture of Beef, etc., and set 
 aside, agitating occasionally, for several weeks, then filter. 
 
 A tablespoonful represents x / 2 ounce of fresh Beef and 2 
 grains of the Iron salt. 
 
 In this preparation an action between the salts which arc 
 contained in the Meat Extract, the acid of the Wine, and the sol- 
 uble salt of Iron which is used, continues to take place for some 
 time after the preparation is made, resulting in the reduction 
 of a portion of the Iron salt to an insoluble salt (mainly ( >xide 
 of Iron). This cannot be avoided in the preparation except 
 by the introduction of undesirable agents, and the only way 
 to make- a satisfactory Wine of Beef and Iron is to let it stand 
 
 until the action is completed, before filtering, for, if filtered 
 when freshly made, it will soon precipitate and continue to do 
 so after repeated filtrations unless allowed to stand at least 
 
 four weeks alter being made, when it should be filtered. 
 
1008 
 
 3874. Wine of Beef, Iron, and Cinchona. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 5 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 10 grains. 
 
 Wine of Beef and Iron, 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Sulphates with a portion of the Wine of Beef and 
 Iron, add the remainder, and, after standing, filter. 
 
 A dessertspoonful of this preparation represents about 10 
 grains of Cinchona in addition to the Wine of Beef and Iron. 
 
 3875. Wine of Calisaya. 
 
 Wine of Cinchona. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 90 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 2 pints. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 6 pints. 
 
 Mix the Wine and Elixir, rub the Sulphates first with a por- 
 tion of the mixture, then add the remainder and color as 
 desired with Caramel and Cochineal Red. 
 
 A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, represents about 10 grains 
 of Cinchona or Calisaya Bark. 
 
 This may also be prepared from the bark if desired, by per- 
 colating 1% ounce of the bark with the mixture of Elixir and 
 Wine sufficient to make a pint of the preparation. Also, by 
 mixing 1^ fl. ounce of Fluid Extract of Calisaya or Cinchona, 
 either plain or detannated, with enough of the mixed Wine 
 and Elixir to make a pint. 
 
 The preparation made from the salts is, however, generally 
 preferred, and is much less trouble to make than from the bark. 
 
 3876. Bitter Wine of Iron. 
 
 Wine of Cinchona and Iron. 
 
 The formula for this preparation is now official in the U. S. 
 P., and is given, with suggestions, etc., on page 1002. It may be 
 added here, however, that any soluble salt of Iron may be 
 used, and an equivalent quantity of the salts of Cinchona 
 added. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1009 
 
 We give the following formula, which will probably give 
 better general satisfaction than those mentioned : 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine 90 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir 1 3-/ pint. 
 
 Prepared Wine 6 pints. 
 
 Water, '. y^ pint. 
 
 Rub the Sulphates with the Elixir and add the Prepared 
 Wine, dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, 
 and add the Solution of Quinine, etc., gradually to the Solution 
 of Iron, with constant stirring, until they are thoroughly 
 mixed, and filter if necessary. 
 
 As thus prepared it will be a light, greenish-colored prepara- 
 tion. It may be colored dark with caramel, or reddish-brown 
 with caramel and cochineal red. 
 
 If Citrate of Iron and Ammonium is used instead of the 
 Phosphate, it imparts the desired color, but is more liable to 
 precipitate after standing. It may be more highly flavored, if 
 desired, by adding Soluble Flavoring. 
 
 This preparation represents in a dessertspoonful, the usual 
 close, about 10 grains of Cinchona and 2 grains of the Iron salt. 
 
 3877. Wine of Calisaya, Iron, and Strychnine. 
 
 Wine of Cinchona, Iron, and Strychnine. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine 1 '_< grain. 
 
 Hitter Wine of 1 ron i pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
 tions of the Bitter Wine of Iron, or use Solution of Strych- 
 nine (1942) 1 1 .. fl.drachm instead ol the salt. 
 
 A fl.drachm contains ,,',„ grain of Strychnine combined with 
 Bitter Wine of I ron. 
 
 3878. Wine of Coca or Erythroxylon. 
 
 Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir ') fl.oum 
 
 Prepared Wine 1 .: fl.oum 
 
1010 VINA — WINES. 
 
 Percolate the drug with the mixed Wine and Elixir until I 
 pint is obtained. 
 
 This may also be made by mixing 3 fl. ounces of Fluid 
 Extract of Coca with a mixture of 2 parts of Prepared Wine 
 and I part of Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 3879. Wine of Cotton Root or Gossypium. 
 
 This is most readily prepared from the Fluid Extract, as 
 follows : 
 
 Fluid Extract of Cotton Root, ... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. As a portion of the properties of Cotton Root 
 is insoluble except in Alcohol a precipitate forms, and the 
 preparation must be filtered. 
 
 This is given in doses of 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a uterine tonic. 
 
 3880. Wine of Damiana or Turneria. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Damiana, . . . . . 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them and, after standing, filter. 
 
 The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 3881. Wine of Iron. 
 
 This may be prepared from any of the soluble salts of Iron. 
 The following will give the best satisfaction : 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, . ^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
 add to the solution, first, the Elixir, then the Wine, and, after 
 standing, filter if necessary. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. The dose is 
 a teaspoonful or more. 
 
VINA — WINES. 1011 
 
 3882. Wine of Pancreatin. 
 
 Powdered Pancreatin 160 grains. 
 
 Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Soluble Flavoring l / 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix them and macerate for several days, with occasional agita- 
 tion, then strain through muslin or filter through coarse paper. 
 
 This may also be prepared by macerating fresh Pancreas of 
 the pig, chopped fine, with a mixture of Prepared Wine and 
 Elixir, in the same proportion as above, using 1 pint of the 
 mixture to half a pound of the chopped pancreas. 
 
 A tablespoonful of this Wine represents 5 grains of Pancre- 
 atin. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3883. Wine of Pepsin. 
 
 The formula for this Wine is given among the official prep- 
 arations, but the product prepared from it does not correspond 
 with that usually found on the market by that name, which 
 may be made as follows : 
 
 Pepsin, in scales, 256 grains. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 30 minims. 
 
 Distilled Water, ill. ounce 
 
 Prepared Wine, 1 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Pepsin to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
 Water until it softens to a gelatinous mass, then add the 
 Hydrochloric Acid and the Prepared Wine, and agitate occa- 
 sionally until the Pepsin is dissolved, and strain through mus- 
 lin. Do not filter. This is the most effective Wine of Pepsin, 
 but, as it is not sweetened nor flavored, it is not so pleasanl 
 as the following : 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin 256 grains. 
 
 Elixir 4 ll. ounces. 
 
 I [ydrochloric Acid 15 minims. 
 
 Soluble flavoring | . fl.ounce. 
 
 Prepared \\ ine 12 flounces. 
 
 Mix and macerate, with occasional agitation, for several 
 days, then strain or filter through coarse paper. 
 
1012 VINA — WINES. 
 
 Wine of Pepsin may also be made by macerating the freshly 
 dissected inner coating of the pig's stomach with Prepared 
 Wine. When thus made there is no very definite strength to 
 the preparation, but the general rule is to use one stomach to 
 make a pint of the preparation. 
 
 The dose of Wine of Pepsin is from a teaspoonful to a 
 tablespoonful. 
 
 Combinations of Wine of Pepsin with Bismuth are adver- 
 tised by manufacturers, but they cannot be prepared except by 
 neutralizing the Wine which is used, and the Elixirs of Pepsin 
 and Bismuth are more desirable. 
 
 3884. Wine of Pepsin and Iron. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 
 
 Wine of Pepsin, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron salt in ]/ 2 fl. ounce of Water and add to the 
 Wine of Pepsin. 
 
 A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. 
 
 3885. Wine of Tar. 
 
 Pine Tar, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Pine Sawdust, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir, ! 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, sufficient to make . . a pint. 
 Rub the Tar in a mortar with the Pine Sawdust, mix the 
 Elixir with 12 flounces of the Prepared Wine and rub with 
 the Tar, etc., in a mortar, filter and add through the filter 
 sufficient Prepared Wine to make 1 pint. 
 
 3886. Vitalized Wine. 
 
 Phosphorus, yi grain. 
 
 Absolute Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, 64 grains. 
 
 Prepared Wine, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Phosphorus in the Absolute Alcohol by means 
 of a water-bath, add the Glycerin, then the Wine, dissolve 
 
VINA — WINES. 1018 
 
 the Iron salt in the y 2 fl. ounce of Water and add to the 
 solution. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3887. Wine of Wild Cherry. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry. ... 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Prepared Wine, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 
 Mix them and, after standing 24 hours, filter. 
 This may also be prepared by percolating the bark with the 
 liquids, or by crushing 2 ounces of Wild Cherry Pits and mac- 
 erating with the mixture of Elixir. Wine. etc.. sufficient to 
 make 1 pint. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3888. Wine of Wild Cherry and Iron. 
 
 As the Wine of Wild Cherry, prepared from the bark, con- 
 tains considerable astringent or tannin, it will not combine 
 with Iron without making an inky mixture, except it is detan- 
 nated, which may be done as directed (515). The preparation 
 may then be made as follows: 
 
 Wine of Wild Cherry, detannated, . . 1 pint. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 
 Dissolve the Iron in l / z fl. ounce of hot Water and add to the 
 Wine. 
 
 As the detannated Wine of Wild Cherry contains little else 
 of the medicinal properties of the bark except the Hydrocy- 
 anic Acid and flavoring Ingredients, a preparation which 
 answers the purpose may be made from the following formula: 
 
 Oil of Cherry Laurel Leaves 15 minims. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted, U. S., . . 30 minims. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in scales 1 i38o), . .128 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 1 11. ounce 
 
 Elixir, \ il.MMi, 
 
 Prepared Wine, to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iron sail in % fl.ounce of hoi Water and add to 
 the mixed Wine, Glycerin, and Elixir, then add the Acid and 
 
1014 V IN A — WINES. 
 
 Oil, mixing them thoroughly together, color with Caramel and, 
 after standing a few days, filter. Other soluble salts of Iron 
 may be used instead of the Phosphate. 
 
 Other Medicinal Wines. 
 
 But few Medicinal Wines, except those already noted, are now used in 
 medicine.* Wine was once a favorite vehicle for exhausting medicinal prin- 
 ciples and the administration of medicine, but has now given way to more 
 stable and uniform alcoholic liquids. A few Wines that are now occasionally 
 called for are noticed as follows : 
 
 3889. Antiscrobutic Wine — (Paris Codex). — Fresh Horseradish Root 
 3 ounces, Scurvygrass 1% ounce, Watercress Leaves \]4. ounce, Buckbean 
 1% ounce, Mustard Seed \ l /z ounce, Chloride of Ammonium 5^ drachms, 
 Wine 5 pints. Compound Spirit of Scurvygrass 1% ounce. Macerate for 14 
 days, drain, and express. 
 
 3890. Wine of Comfrey Compound — Restorative Wine Bitters — 
 (Amer. Disp.). — Comfrey Root, Solomon's Seal Root, Helonias Root, each 
 in coarse powder, 1 ounce, Chamomile Flowers, Colombo Root, Gentian 
 Root, Cardamom Seed, Sassafras Bark, each in coarse powder, y 2 ounce. 
 Sherry Wine 4 pints, boiling Water a sufficient quantity. Pour boiling Water 
 upon the drugs in a covered vessel, sufficient to cover them, let macerate 24 
 hours, then add the Wine, macerate for 14 days, express, and strain. 
 
 3891. Wine of Gentian Compound — Bitter Wine Tonic. — This may 
 be prepared by mixing 4 fl.drachms of Fluid Extract of Gentian Compound 
 with 4 fl. ounces of Elixir and 12 flounces of Prepared Wine. 
 
 A Bitter Wine of Iron may be made by adding 1 28 grains of Phosphate 
 of Iron to this preparation. This is desirable for some purposes, for example, 
 it may be combined with Iodide of Potassium, while the Bitter Wine of Iron 
 made from Cinchona salts is not compatible with it. 
 
 3892. Wine of Golden Seal Compound — (Amer. Disp.). — Golden Seal 
 Root, Tulip Tree Bark, Biiterroot, each in fine powder, 1 drachm, Prickly- 
 Ash Berries, Sassafras Bark, Capsicum, each in fine powder, ]/ 2 drachm, 
 Sherry Wine 3 pints. Macerate 14 days and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
 
 3893. Wine of Hellebore Compound — (Amer. Disp.) — Black Hellebore, 
 in coarse powder, Logwood, ground, Helonias Root, in powder, each 2 
 ounces, Sherry Wine sufficient to make \ l / 2 pint. Uterine tonic, etc. Dose, 
 tablespoonful or more. 
 
 3894. Simple Wines of Drugs.— Wines may be made from many roots 
 barks, leaves, flowers, etc., by macerating the substances, in coarse powder, 
 with Sherry or other Wine, or by adding their fluid extracts to Wine. The 
 proportion is usually 1 ounce in a pint of Wine, for ordinary preparations, 
 and a less quantity of more powerful drugs. 
 
ZINCUM — ZINC. 1015 
 
 ZINCUM — ZINC. 
 
 Symbol, Zn ; Atomic weight, 64.9; Sp. gr. 6.8 to 7.2. 
 
 This elementary metal was known to the ancient metal- 
 workers, but was first introduced to notice by Paracelsus in 
 the 16th century. It is obtained by roasting its ores, by which 
 it is volatilized, its vapor being collected in suitable receivers 
 under water. It is a bluish-white metal, tough and ductile 
 when cold, brittle and easily pulverized when heated to about 
 400 F. ; is fused at ;~$ I\, and burns with a bright green 
 flame when heated to 941 F. in contact with the air. It is 
 grouped with Aluminium, Cereum, and Cadmium, as it resem- 
 bles them in physical properties. In the arts it is one of the 
 most important metals, being extensively used in the man- 
 ufacture of a great variety of useful and ornamental articles, 
 and, combined with copper, forming brass and other alloys, 
 which are of great importance. In pharmacy Zinc is the 
 source of several important salts which are used in medicine 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 The official salts of Zinc are as follows: 
 
 3895. Zinci Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc— White Vitriol. 
 Zn(C s H s ( > 8 ) 8 .3H 2 ( >. 
 
 This is official in nearly all countries. Tin Br. 1'. formula 
 for preparing it is : 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc 2 ounces av. 
 
 Acetic Acid, 5 fl. ounces or a sufficiency. 
 
 Distilled Water <> ll. ounces. 
 
 Add the Carbonate of Zinc, in successive portions, to 3 
 ounces of the Acetic Acid, previously mixed with the Water in 
 a flask-, heat gently, add by degrees the remainder of the A.< id 
 till the Carbonate is dissolved, boil for a few minutes, filter 
 while hot and set it aside for two days to crystallize. The 
 crystals may be removed and more obtained by concentrating 
 the liquid. The crystals arc drained and dried on porous tiles. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used for injection-, and washes, and is 
 given as a tonic in doses of 1 to 2 grains, and as an emetic in 
 ol io to 20 grains. 
 
1010 ZINCUM — ZINC. 
 
 3896. Zinci Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Zinc. 
 ZnBr. 
 
 This is official in the U. S. P. The formula is not given, but 
 it may be made by double decomposition between Bromide 
 of Potassium and Sulphate of Zinc, as follows : 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, . . . 100 parts or grains. 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 240 parts or grains. 
 
 Dissolve them, each separately, in the smallest requisite 
 quantity of hot Water and mix the solutions while hot, when 
 the mixture is cool add twice its volume of Alcohol, filter 
 through asbestos to separate the Sulphate of Potassium, which 
 is precipitated, and evaporate the filtered liquid to dryness and 
 granulation. 
 
 Uses. — This salt of Zinc is given as a hypnotic in doses of 
 5 grains. 
 
 3897. Zinci Carbonas Praecipitatus. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. 
 (ZnC0 3 ) 2 .3Zn(HO) 2 . 
 Impure Carbonate of Zinc is known as Calamine, and is 
 frequently directed in older pharmaceutical works ; but the 
 precipitated salt is now generally used in medicine. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives no formula for Precipitated Carbonate of 
 Zinc, but the Br. P. directs : 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 10^ ounces av. 
 
 Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in a pint of the Water in 
 a capacious porcelain vessel and pour into it a solution of the 
 Sulphate of Zinc, in 20 fl. ounces of the Water, stirring dili- 
 gently ; boil for 15 minutes after effervescense has ceased and let 
 the precipitate subside, decant the supernatant liquid, pour on 
 the precipitate 60 fl. ounces of boiling distilled Water, agitat- 
 ing briskly ; let the precipitate again subside and repeat the 
 washing with hot distilled Water until the washings give no 
 
ZINCUM — ZINC. 1017 
 
 precipitate with Chloride of Barium, then drain and dry the 
 precipitate. 
 
 Uses. — This is considerably used externally in the form of 
 ointment and washes, and is the working basis of many other 
 of the Zinc salts. Calamine is used in making ointments and 
 in injections, etc. 
 
 3898. Zinci Chloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 ZnCl 2 . 
 
 Commercial Chloride of Zinc is prepared by adding Zinc to 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid and Water as long as it will dissolve, then 
 
 evaporating until it will solidity. The pure salt is made by 
 
 the Br. P. formula as follows: 
 
 Granulated Zinc 16 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 44 fl. ounces. 
 
 Solution of Chlorine, a sufficiency. 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc, q. s., about . . }4 ounce av. 
 
 Distilled Water,' 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Put the Zinc into a porcelain basin. ,n\(.\ by degrees the 
 Hydrochloric Acid, previously mixed with the Water, and aid 
 the action by gently warming on a sand-bath until gas is no 
 longer evolved, boil for half an hour, supplying the Water 
 lost by evaporation, and allow to stand on a cool part of the 
 sandbath for 24 hours, stirring frequently. 
 
 The liquid is then tested for iron <>r lead, which air removed, 
 if present, by the Solution of Chlorine and the Carbonate of 
 Zinc. It is then filtered and evaporated to a liquid which 
 solidifies when cold, and moulded, granulated, or otherwise 
 put u]) for convenient use. 
 
 For many purposes it is unnecessary t<> make .1 chemically 
 pure salt as above directed. Ordinary Chloride of Zinc may 
 be made by dissolving Zinc t<> saturation in Hydrochloric 
 Arid and evaporating the solution to dryness. 
 
 Uses. Chloride of Zinc is considerably used as an antisep- 
 ti< ,[])i\ disinfectant. It is .\\^<> employed .is an escharotic, 
 and is a favorite application to war: nc< 3, etc. 
 
1018 ZINCUM — ZINC. 
 
 3899. Zinci Iodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Zinc. 
 Znl 2 . 
 This may be prepared by digesting granulated Zinc in excess 
 with Iodine diffused in Water in a manner similar as is directed 
 for making Iodide of Iron. (See page 506.) 
 
 Uses. — This is given as an alterative in doses of y 2 to 2 
 grains. 
 
 3900. Zinci Oxidum. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc. 
 ZnO. 
 The Br. P. directs to place Carbonate of Zinc, 6 ounces, in a 
 loosely-covered Hessian Crucible and expose it to a dull red 
 heat until a portion, taken from the centre of the contents of 
 the crucible and cooled, no longer effervesces when moistened 
 with Water and dropped into diluted Sulphuric Acid. The 
 Carbonic Acid and Water are expelled by the heat. 
 
 Uses. — Commercial Oxide of Zinc is extensively used for a 
 paint base and for many industrial purposes. Pure Oxide of 
 Zinc is used extensively in powder and in the form of Oint- 
 ment. It is also an ingredient in face powders, liquid cosme- 
 tiques, etc. 
 
 3901. Zinci Phosphidum. 
 
 Phosphide of Zinc. 
 Zn 3 P 2 . 
 
 This may be made by fusing Zinc in a properly constructed 
 apparatus and passing over the melted mass vapors of Phos- 
 phorus in a current of dry Hydrogen until the Zinc is con- 
 verted into a Phosphide. It is only made by manufacturing 
 chemists. 
 
 Uses. — Phosphide of Zinc is a nerve stimulant and aphro- 
 disiac, largely given for nervous debility and loss of vital 
 power. It is safer and less irritating than Phosphorus. The 
 dose is from ^ to J 8 grain in powder or in pills. 
 
1019 
 
 3902. Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. 
 ZnS0 4 7H 8 0. 
 
 The U. S. P. gives no formula for preparing this salt, but 
 the Br. P. directs as follows : 
 
 Granulated Zinc 16 ounces av. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 8o fl. ounces. 
 
 Solution of Chlorine, a sufficiency. 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc. ^ ounce av., or a sufficiency. 
 Pour the Sulphuric Acid, previously mixed with Water, on 
 the Zinc contained in a porcelain basin, and when efferves- 
 cense has nearly ceased aid the action by heat. 
 
 A few drops of the liquid may then be tested for Iron by 
 adding excess of Ammonia and then Sulphydrate of Ammo- 
 nium, when a black precipitate will be produced if Iron is 
 present. For commercial Sulphate of Zinc it is unnecessary 
 to remove it, but if a pure salt is desired the solution may be 
 freed from it by adding the Solution of Chlorine until the 
 liquid acquires a permanent odor of Chlorine, then add, with 
 continued agitation, the Carbonate of Zinc until a brown pre- 
 cipitate appears and all the Iron is precipitated, then filter, 
 evaporate until a pellicle forms on the surface and crystallizes. 
 Uses. — Sulphate of Zinc is an astringent and tonic much 
 used for injections, eye-water, washes, etc.. and internally as 
 an astringent in doses of I to 1 grains, and as an emetic in 
 doses of io to 30 grains. 
 
 3903. Zinci Sulphocarbolas. 
 
 Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. 
 
 /ml,ILS<>. | L,.M.,<>. 
 This sail is official in the Br. and (i. 1'., and may l><- mad. 
 
 by heating a mixture "i" Carbolic Arid and Sulphuric Acid, 
 saturating tin- product with Oxide of Zinc, evaporating and 
 crystallizing. 
 
 Uses. — It i- used a. anastringenl and antiseptic, chiefly for 
 lotions, injection . etc. 
 
L020 /ixcum — zinc. 
 
 3904. Zinci Valerianas. 
 
 Valerianate of Zinc. 
 Zn(C 5 H 9 2 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
 This is official in the U. S. or Br. P., the formula in the lat- 
 ter being as follows: 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 53^ ounces av. 
 
 Valerianate of Sodium 5 ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
 Dissolve the Sulphate of Zinc and the Valerianate of 
 Sodium, each separately, in 40 fl. ounces of Water, heat both 
 the solutions to near the boiling point, mix them, cool, and 
 skim off the crystals which are produced, evaporate the mother 
 liquor, at a temperature not exceeding 200 F., till it is reduced 
 to 4 fl. ounces, cool again, remove the crystals which form, and 
 add to those before obtained, drain on filter paper, wash with 
 a little cold distilled Water, drain and dry. 
 
 Uses. — This salt is used as a nervine and antispasmodic in 
 doses of 1 to 3 grains. 
 
 3905. Zincum Granulatum. 
 
 Granulated Zinc. 
 
 The Br. P. directs this to be made from Zinc of commerce, 
 1 pound, by heating it in an earthern crucible, and immedi- 
 ately, when the metal is fused, remove the crucible from the 
 fire and pour the fluid in a thin stream into a vessel containing 
 about 2 gallons of cold Water. Drain off the Water and dry 
 the granulated Zinc. 
 
 This is the most convenient form for metallic Zinc to be 
 used for pharmaceutical purposes. 
 
 Other Salts of Zinc. 
 
 Besides. the foregoing salts of Zinc, which are official in the 
 leading pharmacopoeias, a few others are occasionally used, and 
 are here mentioned. 
 
 3906. Cyanide of Zinc — Zn(CN)„. — Prepared by adding Hydrocyanic 
 Acid to Solution of Acetate of Zinc and collecting the precipitate. This is 
 used as a nervous sedative in doses of }4 to 14 grain. 
 
ZINCUM — ZINC. 1021 
 
 3907. Cyanide of Zinc and Potassium.— By dissolving Cyanide of Zinc 
 in a solution of pure Cyanide of Potassium, concentrating, and crystallizing. 
 
 3908. Ferrocyanide of Zinc — Zn. 1 (C. < X 3 ) 4 Fe 2 . — By mixing Solutions 
 of Sulphate of Zinc and Ferrocyanide of Potassium, collecting and washing 
 the precipitate. 
 
 3909. Lactate of Zinc— Zn (C a H 6 O g ) 8 .3H 8 0.— By dissolving Carbon- 
 ate of Zinc to saturation in diluted Lactic Acid, concentrating and crys- 
 tallizing. 
 
 3910. Salicylate of Zinc — Zn(C 7 H 5 8 ) g .3H g O. — By heating Salicylic 
 Acid with distilled Water and gradually adding Oxide of Zinc, suspended in 
 Water, until no more will dissolve, then filtering, concentrating, and crys- 
 tallizing. 
 
 391 1. Tartrate of Zinc. — This may be prepared by mixing hot concen- 
 trated Solutions of Sulphate of Zinc and Neutral Tartrate of Potassium, col- 
 lecting the precipitate and drying. 
 
 3912. Zinc-Ethyl, etc.— Zinc also combines with the organic bases form- 
 ing liquid salts, which take fire spontaneously when exposed to the air. 
 Zinc-Ethyl, Zinc-Methyl and Zinc-Amyl are examples of these substances, 
 but they have no use except as chemical curiosities. 
 
 The foregoing formulas, comprising Part [II. of this volume, 
 include- most of the preparations, official and unofficial, which 
 are known or required in the regular practice of pharmacy in 
 this country. The pages which follow will be devoted to the 
 consideration of special lines of preparations, which, though 
 not essential to the practice of pharmacy,are closely connected 
 with its interests. 
 
PART IV. 
 
 ♦ • • 
 
 THE STANDARD REMEDIES 
 
 AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. 
 
 The following formulas are designed for making a complete line 
 of Standard Proprietary Remedies, which may be prepared and put 
 up by druggists, or others, for local trade or for the market. 
 
 It is well known to all who are conversant with the business that 
 the making of Proprietary or " Patent " Medicines requires no 
 knowledge nor facilities which are not ready at hand or readily 
 obtainable by the average druggist. 
 
 With reliable formulas and outfits of wrappers, cartoons, and 
 labels, which may now be had specially designed for the purpose,* 
 druggists may prepare and put up a line of Proprietary medicines or 
 articles, such as they may select, with but a slight outlay and with an 
 abundant reward in the way of profits. 
 
 It is needless to urge the advantages to druggists of putting up 
 and furnishing, as far as is possible, their own " Patent" Medicines 
 in place of manufacturers. The profit of several hundred per cent., 
 the reputation which naturally comes of putting before the people 
 their own preparations, the constantly increasing trade in this line, 
 and the satisfaction of furnishing reliable articles worth the money, 
 should be inducement enough for any enterprising druggist to make 
 the attempt to run a line of his own preparations. 
 
 The formulas which follow in this department are mainly original, 
 and intended to make preparations similar to those which have been 
 best received or which possess the greatest merit. They are not, 
 however, given as the exact formulas of particular proprietary prepa- 
 rations now in the market or made by any particular manufacturer. 
 
 * For further information on this subject, address the author, 
 1022 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1023 
 
 Some formulas, not original, for old and well-known preparations, 
 are also given as selected from the best authorities. Besides the 
 formulas given in this section, many others that may be put up as 
 proprietary remedies are given in various departments of this work, 
 and may be found by referring to the index. 
 
 3913. Acid Phosphate. 
 
 Nerve and System Vitalizer. 
 A proprietary preparation known as Fforsford's Acid Phosphate, 
 
 put up by the Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I., has had 
 a large sale in this country. The title "Acid Phosphate" is claimed 
 by them as a trade mark. Several formulas for \cid Phosphate 
 have been given in the preceding pages (577, 753), but for conve- 
 nient reference formulas are also given in this department. 
 Solution Phosphate Compound, concentrated (1938), i pint. 
 Water 4 pints. 
 
 Mix them and, after standing, filter. This corresponds very 
 nearly with the supposed composition of the preparation above 
 named, which is said to contain in each tl. drachm 3 grains Phosphate 
 of Calcium, '_> grain Phosphate of Iron, ' .. grain Phosphate of 
 Magnesium, l /i grain Phosphate of Potassium, with excess of Phos- 
 phoric A* id. 
 
 Liquor Acidi Phosphorici Comp. (with Iron), which is put up by 
 manufacturing pharmacists, is of about the same composition. 
 
 The dose of this preparation is from ' _• to 1 teaspoonful in sweet- 
 ened water after each meal and before retiring. 
 
 It is also extensively used at the soda fountain, making an agree 
 able acid addition to fruit syrups, etc. 
 
 AGUE CURES. 
 
 The Proprietary Remedies for Ague which are found on the 
 market consisl of syrups, solutions or tinctures, mixtures and pills. 
 They are given for 'lulls and fevers, ague, neuralgia, malaria, etc. 
 The syrups are the most palatable of any ol the Ague Cures, but 
 arc hss effe< live than the stronger remedies prepared in the form of 
 
 tin. lures, mixtures and pills. All Ague < lures depend for their value 
 
 upon the proper combination of antiperiodics and alteratives, both 
 being essential, the former to "break " the chills, and the latter to 
 stimulate the organs to throw oil the diseased matter with which 
 they have become loaded. The following are representative of the 
 
]()24 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 different varieties of Ague Preparations which are found in the 
 market : 
 
 3914. Ague Cure or Syrup. 
 
 For Chills, Fever and Malaria. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 
 
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s., about . . 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of VVintergreen 10 minims. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, . 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar 14 ounces av. 
 
 Mix the Sulphates with the Water, add sufficient of the acid to 
 dissolve them. Add the Oil of Wintergreen to the Alcohol and add 
 the solution to the solution of the Cinchona Salts. Then add the 
 Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla, mix them thoroughly, and after stand- 
 ing a few days, filter and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agita- 
 tion. 
 
 A fi. drachm contains 2 grains of Cinchona Salts. The dose is a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful for ague and chills. 
 
 3915. Ague Remedy or Tincture. 
 For Chills, Fever and Malaria. 
 
 Purified Chinoidin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice in powder, .... % ounce av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Podophyllum 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Leptandra 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Chinoidin, and Oil of Eucalyptus, in the Alcohol 
 mixed with the Fluid Extracts, by maceration. Dissolve the Liquor- 
 ice Extract in 3 fi. ounces of Water by the aid of heat, and add to 
 the solution of Chinoidin, etc., add enough Water to make a pint, 
 and, after standing a few days, filter. 
 
 This is a dark colored, very strong and bitter preparation, acting 
 as a cholagogue and antiperiodic. It is very effective. 
 
 A lighter colored, more pleasant preparation may be made by 
 using 1 ounce of Quinine Sulphate instead of the Chinoidin. 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1025 
 
 3916. Ague Mixture or Cholagogue. 
 
 This mixture is similar to several preparations on the market 
 known as Cholagogues. It is an unsightly compound, as it contains 
 quite a precipitate, but is very effective. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine % ounce av. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, '•: ounce ax- 
 Fluid Extract of Stillingia, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Leptandra 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Podophyllum }& fl. ounce. 
 
 Fowler's Solution of Arsenic )\ fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Sulphates with the Fluid Extracts, add the Oil and then 
 mix thoroughly with the Syrup and Solution of Arsenic. 
 
 A fl. drachm contains about 3^4 grains of the Cinchona Salts. 
 
 The dose is y& teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, for chills. 
 
 This is similar to the proprietary Osgood's Indian Cholagogue, 
 which has been a popular ague cure for nearly half a century. 
 
 3917. Ague and Neuralgia Pills. 
 
 Chinoidin, purified 150 grains. 
 
 Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin) 5 grains. 
 
 Leptandrin, 10 grains. 
 
 Capsicum, in powder, 20 grains. 
 
 Mix the ingredients thoroughly and make 100 pills. 
 The dose for children is 1 or 2 pills, for adults 2 to 4 pills, every 
 3 hours between chills. 
 
 3918. Ague and Neuralgia Pills. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 5° grains. 
 
 Sulphate of ( :inchonidine 50 grains. 
 
 Irsenious Acid 2 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, '.• grain. 
 
 Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin), . ... 20 grains. 
 
 Leptandrin 60 -rains. 
 
 Extra* t of I dandelion, q. s. to make a mass. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and make into 100 pills. The dose for 1 hildren 
 
 is 1 to 2 pill's, for adults 2 to 4 pills. 
 
1026 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 Although most of the Blood Purifiers and Sarsaparillas on the 
 market are also known as Alteratives, a few preparations which are 
 supposed to have an especially alterative action on the various 
 organs of secretion are known particularly as Alteratives. The 
 following are representative of this class of preparations : 
 
 3919. Alterative Compound. 
 
 Blood and Liver Syrup. 
 
 Stillingia, in No. 40 powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, .... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Burdock Root, in No. 30 powder, ... 3 ounces av. 
 
 Blue Flag Root, in No. 20 powder, ... 1 1 /?, ounce av. 
 
 Mandrake, in No. 50 powder, i^4 ounce av. 
 
 Senna, in No. 20 powder, 1% ounce av. 
 
 Prickly-Ash Bark, in No. 50 powder, . . % ounce av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring, ... ... % ounce av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 4 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 5 pounds av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix the drugs, moisten them with 2 pints of diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate in a covered vessel in a warm place for 24 hours, transfer 
 to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon . them 2 
 pints of diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for one day ; then 
 heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate slowly, add- 
 ing Water to the drugs after the liquid has ceased to drop, and con- 
 tinuing the heat and percolation until ^/z pints have passed. To 
 this add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and, after standing a few days, 
 filter, adding through the filter enough Water to make 5/2 pints, 
 then dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation and add, if nec- 
 essary, Water sufficient to make 1 gallon of the preparation. One 
 ounce Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 
 
 This is an excellent alterative compound, which may be put up 
 under many names — as Blood Purifier, Sarsaparilla Alterative, Med- 
 ical Discovery, etc. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, three times a day. 
 Many other formulas of similar composition will be found under 
 other headings throughout this work. This preparation may be put 
 up under the title designated in the heading, or under other names, 
 as Sarsaparilla Compound, Blood Purifier, or other similar titles. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1027 
 
 3920. Alterative Extract or Juice. 
 
 ("Succus Alteraus.") 
 
 The original formula for this preparation was introduced by 
 Geo. W. McDade, M. D., of Montgomery, Ala., who obtained it 
 from the Creek Indians. (?) It is claimed to be prepared from 
 the fresh green medicinal plants, each pint bottle containing the 
 "unimpaired" virtues of 16 troyounces of the true medicinal 
 plants Stillingia Sylvatica, Smilax Sarsaparilla, Phytolacca Decan- 
 dra, Lappa Minor, and Xanthoxylum Carolinianum. It is fur- 
 nished to the trade by Eli Lilly & Co., of Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 It is, of course, impracticable for druggists to obtain the fresh 
 plants, which are claimed to compose the original article; but a good 
 Alterative Extract may be made from the following formula, the 
 ingredients of which are mentioned in the'McDade prescription: 
 
 Stillingia Root, 24 ounces av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Root, 24 ounces av. 
 
 Poke Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Burdock Root, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Southern Prickly-Ash Lark, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, moisten them with 3 pints of 
 Alcohol mixed with 2 pints of Water and macerate for 24 hours in 
 a covered vessel, then transfer to a water-bath percolator, pack 
 firmly, pour on the remainder of the Alcohol (3 pints) mixed with 3 
 pints of Water, and set in a warm place fur one day ; then heal 
 moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to 
 the drugs, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7 pints of 
 percolate are obtained. Continue the percolation with Water until 
 4 [)ints more have passed, evaporate this to a soft extract, add to it 
 
 the Glycerin and the - pints of percolate previously obtained and, 
 
 after standing a few days, filter. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, three times a day. 
 
 ANODYNES. 
 Two kinds of Anodyne preparations may he made and put up as 
 
 proprietary medicines. Those containing Ether, like Hoffman's 
 
 Anodyne, which do not have a bad after effect, and those containing 
 
1028 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 Opium, Morphine, or Chloral, which, though effective, are unsafe 
 preparations to introduce. The term Anodyne is also used in con- 
 nection with many other preparations, as " Tolu Anodyne " for 
 coughs, " Clove Anodyne " for toothache, etc., but these will be 
 fount! under other headings. 
 
 Formulas are only given for the etherial and harmless Anodynes. 
 If desired, the formulas for others will be found under other depart- 
 ments. See preparations of Opium, Chloral, Cocaine, etc. 
 
 3921. Golden Anodyne Tincture. 
 
 A preparation similar to Hoffman's Anodyne, of a yellow or gol- 
 den color; is considerably in demand among the Germans, under the 
 name " Golden Tincture." Various formulas have been given for 
 preparing it, the following being as satisfactory as any : 
 
 Ether, Sulphuric, 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Tincture Tumeric, sufficient to color. 
 
 Or it may be colored with Fustic Wood, by maceration. 
 
 This is in effect the same as Hoffman's Anodyne, but is more 
 attractive. The dose is 10 to 60 minims, for pain, cramp, etc. 
 
 Another -formula is Ether 1 ounce, Laudanum 1 ounce, Chloro- 
 form l /{. ounce, Alcohol 1 ounce, colored with Tincture Turmeric. 
 
 3922. Anodyne Elixir. 
 
 Pain-Soothing Cordial, without Opium or Choral. 
 
 An Anodyne without Opium or Chloral is desirable and valuable, 
 yet there is no such preparation found in the market. The follow- 
 ing is recommended to those who desire to put up such a prepara- 
 tion. It is effective and at the same time harmless : 
 
 Bromide of Potassium 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fi. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 4 flounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Bromide of Potassium and the Sugar in the Water, 
 mix the Ether with the Alcohol, add the Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 
 then the Elixir and, having mixed them, add the Solution of 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1029 
 
 Bromide of Potassium and Sugar to the mixture and mix them 
 thoroughly. 
 
 A fi. drachm contains about 7 grains Bromide of Potassium, 4 
 minims of Ether, and 12 minims of Tincture of Hyoscyamiis. It 
 may be given in doses of a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, every 
 hour, or, in severe cases of colic, cholera morbus, etc., a teaspoonful 
 every 15 minutes until relieved. 
 
 As the Ether in this preparation, although adding much to its 
 effectiveness, is rather disagreeable, its place may be supplied with 
 x% fl.drachms of Chloroform, or it may be omitted altogether. 
 
 Other Anodyne preparations will be found under other headings, 
 as Chlorodyne, Sedatives, Nervines, etc., etc. 
 
 ASTHMA REMEDIES. 
 
 The Asthma Remedies which are put up as Proprietary are in 
 various forms, as powders and pastilles for burning slowly, the smoke 
 being inhaled, cigarettes for smoking, remedies to take, and inhal- 
 ants. The design of most of them is to produce diaphoresis ami 
 expectoration as well as to subdue the spasmodic action of the 
 inflamed bronchial organs. The following formulas make prepara- 
 tions representative of the various remedies - 
 
 3923. Asthma Remedy. 
 
 A Powder for Fumigation. 
 
 Grindelia Robusta, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Jaborandi Leaves, in line powder, -S ounces. 
 
 Eucalyptus Leaves, in fine powder, .... 4 oun< 1 5. 
 
 Coca Leaves, in line powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Digitalis Leaves, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Cubeb, in line powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Stramonium Leaves, in fine powder r 6 ounces. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, in fine powder 12 ounces. 
 
 Cascarilla Bark, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix the powders and dry them thoroughly before putting up. 
 This is used by burning a. half teaspoonful or more on a piece of 
 
 saitpctn- paper and inhaling the sm<>ke which rises, it affords 
 prompt relief ami will i am- cases nol too far advanced. It is also 
 excellent for catarrh, hay-fever, and other troubles of the nasal pas- 
 sages, throat, and lungs. 
 
1030 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3924. Asthma Cure. 
 
 A Liquid to Take. 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Skunk Cabbage, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Lobelia, ... . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Bloodroot, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract Senega, . 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Chloroform, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 20 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, .... 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly and, after standing, decant or filter. 
 This may also be prepared from the drugs Grindelia 3 ounces, 
 Skunk Cabbage, Lobelia, each 1 ounce, Senega and Bloodroot, each 
 
 2 drachms, percolated with a mixture of 4 measures of Alcohol with 
 1 measure of Water, sufficient to make 2 pints, and Chloroform 1 
 fl. ounce, added to the tincture. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful, in sweetened water, every 15 to 30 
 minutes, when the attack of asthma comes on, until relieved. It 
 should also be continued, in small doses, three times a day to effect 
 a cure. 
 
 3925. Asthma Relief. 
 
 To take for Asthma, Hay Fever, etc. 
 
 Nitrite of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. The dose is a teaspoonful for Asthma, at the 
 first indications of the paroxysm, repeated every 20 or 30 minutes 
 until relieved. For Hay Fever, Influenza, etc., a teaspoonful every 
 
 3 or 4 hours. 
 
 3926. Asthma Inhalant. 
 
 To be used by Inhalation. 
 
 Nitrite of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Essential Oil of Mustard, 10 drops. 
 
 Ether, Sulphuric, Y? fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Put a few drops of the liquid upon some cotton or 
 sponge, hold in the hand and inhale the vapor. It is still better to 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1031 
 
 put the cotton loosely in a glass tube or homeopathic bottle with 
 the bottom out and inhale by drawing the air through the tube. 
 This gives immediate relief. Other forms of inhalers may be used. 
 
 3927. Asthma Pastilles. 
 
 Benzoin, in fine powder, . 1 ounces av. 
 
 Jaborandi, in fine powder, .2 ounces av. 
 
 Stramonium Leaves, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 
 
 Xitrate of Potassium, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 
 
 Charcoal, 20 ounces. 
 
 Mucilage of Tragacanth, thin, sufficient. 
 Beat the powders with the mucilage to a stiff mass and roll out 
 into a cake about % inch thick, cut this into strips -/% inches wide 
 and 1% inches long and dry by warm air. 
 
 One end of the pastil is ignited and the smoke inhaled until re- 
 lieved. 
 
 3928. Asthmatic Cigarettes. 
 
 Stramonium Leaves, 4 ounces. 
 
 Cascarilla Bark, }4 ounce. 
 
 Lobelia Leaves, 2 drachms. 
 
 Mullein Leaves, . . 4 ounces. 
 
 Cut the leaves and drugs fine like smoking tobacco and make into 
 cigarettes. This may also be smoked in a pipe. 
 
 BALMS OR PANACEAS. 
 
 In proprietary medicines Balms are remedies intended for internal 
 or external use, and designed to allay pain, colic, cholera morbus, 
 inflammation, etc. The following will be found satisfactory and 
 similar in composition to those most popular in the market, known 
 as Magic Balms, Pain Killers, Ready Reliefs, Magic Oils, etc. They 
 are as a class hot, stimulating preparations, increasing the action of 
 the parts with which they come in contact, or acting as counter- 
 irritants, and thus, on the Indian principle, frightening away the 
 disease. They are sold as general panaceas for pain, etc. Many 
 other similar preparations for external and internal use will be found 
 among the Liniments and under other headings. The sale for tins 
 class of preparations as proprietary medicines is as large as of nearly 
 any other class, and they may readily be prepared by druggists, 
 affording a good profit. 
 
103-2 
 
 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3929. Eucalyptus Balm. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cloves X A-ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, y> fl. ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, y> ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them, macerate for a week or ten days, agitating occasionally, 
 and filter. 
 
 3930. Magic Balm. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, y fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Chloroform, }i fl. ounce. 
 
 Ether, y fl. ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, y ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, x / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, y> fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days, agitating frequently 
 and filter. 
 
 3931. Magnetic Balm. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, .... .... % fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, y ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, .... 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days, agitating frequently 
 and filter. 
 
 3932. Pain Cure Balm or "Pain Killer." 
 
 Guaiac Resin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Capsicum, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Camphor y% ounce av. 
 
 Opium, in powder, 60 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, % fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1033 
 
 Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days and filter. This is 
 similar to some of the Pain Killers. 
 
 The preparation known as Xo. 6. or Tincture of Myrrh and Cap- 
 sicum (3646), is often put up as a Pain Killer. 
 
 3933. Ready Balm or "Ready Relief." 
 
 Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Capsicum, y? ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, % fl. ounce. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, U. S. P., .... 5 fl. ounces. 
 Alcohol, ... 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor and Oil of Turpentine in the Alcohol, add 
 the Capsicum and Ammonia, and after standing a week or ten days, 
 filter rapidly. This is similar to Ready Relief. It should be given 
 internally only in small doses, 10 to 20 minims. 
 
 3934. Wizard Balm. 
 
 Oil of Cajuput, y fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, %. fi.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, %. fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cedar, yk fl. ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, % ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, % ounce av. 
 
 Chloroform % fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix them. Macerate for a week and filter. 
 
 BALSAMS. 
 
 Many proprietary preparations, called " Balsams," are classed 
 with other remedies, as " Cough Balsam" or " Lung Balsam," among 
 the cough remedies; "Carminative Balsam," " Diarrhoea Balsam," 
 etc., under cholera cures, etc. 
 
 Others are included under other headings throughout the book. 
 The few remaining unclassified, and known more particularly as 
 Balsams, because they resemble the liquid Balsams, are noted in tins 
 department. 
 
 Several Balsams, also, which are put up as proprietary remedies, 
 will be found on pages [83 to [86, which see. 
 
1034 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3935. Anodyne Balsam. 
 
 Castile Soap, 1 ounce. 
 
 Opium Tincture, 3 ounces. 
 
 Camphor, 3 drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 ounces. 
 
 Cut the soap in fine pieces and digest, by gentle heat, with the 
 Tincture of Opium and Alcohol until dissolved, then add the Cam- 
 phor, dissolve and filter. 
 
 This is for external use for swellings, pain, etc. 
 
 3936. Canker Balsam. 
 
 Marsh Rosemary Root, in coarse powder, . 4 ounces av. 
 
 Borax, in powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix Alcohol and Water, equal measures, and percolate the Marsh 
 Rosemary Root with the liquid until it ceases to drop, then add suf- 
 ficient Water through the percolator to make 27 fl. ounces of the 
 percolate, dissolve the Borax in the liquid, add the Glycerin, and 
 .filter if necessary. 
 
 This is an astringent liquid, useful as a gargle for sore throat, a 
 mouth wash, etc., and as an application for cracked nipples or other 
 similar sores. 
 
 3937. Caustic Balsam. 
 
 A preparation known as Gombaulfs Caustic Balsam has had an 
 extensive sale for veterinary use, etc. The following formula makes 
 a preparation quite similar to the proprietary article : 
 
 Sulphuric Acid (by weight), 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Croton Oil, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, 60 grains. 
 
 Camphor, ^ ounce. 
 
 Cotton Seed Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Oils of Turpentine and Croton, add the Corrosive Sub- 
 limate, in fine powder, and the Camphor, and dissolve ; then add, a 
 little at a time, the Sulphuric Acid, taking care that the mixture does 
 not become too hot, and, when all has been added and the mixture 
 has become cool, add the Cotton Seed Oil, and mix them thoroughly. 
 This is used for sprains, ringbones, strains, swellings, puffs, etc. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1035 
 
 3938. Locatelle's Balsam. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 4 ounces. 
 
 Olive Oil, 1 pound. 
 
 Venice Turpentine 1 pound. 
 
 Alkanet Root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Steep the Alkanet Root for several days in the Olive Oil and 
 strain, melt the Wax, add the Oil and the Turpentine and mix them 
 well together. 
 
 This is used as a pectoral in doses of Y? to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 3939. Thibault's Balsam. 
 
 Myrrh, Aloes, and Dragon's Blood, each . . 1 drachm. 
 
 St. John's Wort Flowers, 1 ounce. 
 
 Spirit of Wine (Alcohol), 10 ounces. 
 
 Canada Balsam, ^2 ounce. 
 
 Digest the Flowers in the Spirit for three days, then express the 
 liquor and dissolve in it the other ingredients and, after standing, 
 filter. 
 
 This is used as a healing Balsam for wounds, cuts, etc., and is 
 given as a diuretic and for kidney and bladder troubles, gonorrhea, 
 etc., in doses of a teaspoonful or more. 
 
 3940. Turlington's Balsam. 
 
 Benzoin, 12 ounces. 
 
 Storax (liquid), 4 ouni es. 
 
 Balsam Peru, ... 2 ounces. 
 
 Myrrh, 1 oun< e. 
 
 Aloes, .... 1 ounce. 
 
 Balsam Tolu 4 ounces. 
 
 Extract Liquorice, 4 ounces. 
 
 Angelica Rool ' 2 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 gallon. 
 
 Reduce the gums to a coarse powder and macerate all together 
 with the Spirit for two weeks, with agitation, then filter. 
 
 This has been a popular panacea for internal and external use. 
 
 3941. Vegetable Healing Balsam. 
 
 White Resin 1 pound av. 
 
 < >il of Turpentine, 1 pint. 
 
 Melt the Resin, remove it from the fire and add the Oil of Tux« 
 pentine, mixing them well together. 
 
1036 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 This is similar to Peckham's Balsam, as it is now put up and sold, 
 as a proprietary medicine. It is used for coughs and colds, also for 
 kidney and bladder troubles, in doses of 3 to 10 minims or more. 
 It is also used externally on sores, wounds, swellings, etc. 
 
 The following is said to be the formula from which this Balsam 
 was formerly prepared : Pale Resin 3 pounds, melted and strained ; 
 then add Oil of Turpentine 2 pints, Balsam of Tolu 1 ounce, Balsam 
 of Fir 4 ounces, Oil of Hemlock, Oil of Origanum, A 7 enice Turpen- 
 tine, each 1 ounce, Strained Honey 4 ounces. Mix well together. 
 
 Similar " Vegetable Healing Balsams'" are also prepared by oth- 
 ers and sold under similar names. 
 
 The following formulas may be used : 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 1^ pound av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 
 
 Melt the Pitch, remove from the fire and gradually add the Oil of 
 Turpentine, mixing them well together. 
 
 Resin, 1 pound. 
 
 Venice Turpentine, 1 pound. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 
 
 Melt the Resin, add the Venice Turpentine, warm together and 
 add the Oil of Turpentine while cooling. 
 
 Resin, 1 pound. 
 
 Balsam Fir, % pound. 
 
 Venice Turpentine, ^ pound. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 
 
 Melt the Resin, add the Balsam Fir and Venice Turpentine, warm 
 together, and when cooling, add the Oil of Turpentine, mixing them 
 well together. 
 
 BITTERS. 
 
 A great variety of Bitters are sold under various names as propri- 
 etary medicines. They are designed for various uses, and may nat- 
 urally be divided into three classes, as follows : 
 
 Class A. 
 
 These Bitters are weakly medicinal preparations designed to be 
 taken in large doses, and depend for their effect more upon the 
 liquor which they contain than the other medicinal ingredients. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1037 
 
 They are stimulating Bitters, and are to a great extent substitutes 
 for liquors, although if properly used are very beneficial for disor- 
 dered digestion, dyspepsia, malaria, etc. The most popular Bitters 
 of this class found in the market are known as Hostetter's, Drake's, 
 Wahoo, Niagara, etc. The following formulas make good prepara- 
 tions of this kind. Other formulas will be found on pages 436 
 to 439- 
 
 3742. Stomach Bitters. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, 2 drachms. 
 
 Wahoo Bark, 2 drachms. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, 1 drachm. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, 1 drachm 
 
 Cloves, 10 grains. 
 
 Coriander, 30 grains. 
 
 Whisky, 6 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2 ounces 
 
 Water, . . , 2 pints. 
 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
 Whisky and Water for several days, until the strength is obtained, 
 then filter. If desired, Cologne Spirit (Alcohol .proof ) may be 
 diluted with an equal quantity of Water and used instead of Whisky. 
 
 The dose is from half to a wineglassful or more. 
 
 3943. Hop Bitters. * 
 
 Hops, in coarse powder 3 ounces av. 
 
 Buchu, in coarse powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Dandelion Root, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mandrake Root, in coarse powder, . . ,80 grains. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . 2 drachms. 
 
 Wahoo Dark 1 drachm. 
 
 Whisky 5 pints. 
 
 W ater, q. s., or 3 '_• pints. 
 
 Mix the Whisky with 3 pints of Water and macerate the drugs 
 
 with the mixture for several days, then filter and add through the 
 filter enough Water to make the measure a gallon. 
 
 The dose is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful or more. 
 
 This is much stronger of the medicinal ingredients than the pro 
 prietary H<>p Bitters. [1 may l"- reduced with diluted Cologne 
 
 Spirit. 
 
1038 
 
 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3944. Wahoo Bitters. 
 
 Wahoo Bark, in coarse powder, ..... x /z ounce. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, in coarse powder, ... % ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 drachm. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, in coarse powder, .... 20 grains. 
 
 Oil of Orange (fresh), 10 drops. 
 
 Whisky, 6 pints. 
 
 Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Glycerin, , 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix and macerate for several days, then filter. 
 Dose, from half to a wineglassful or more. 
 
 Other Bitters of this class may be made in the same general way 
 by using other bitter drugs, other liquors or other flavoring 
 ingredients. 
 
 3945. Plantation Bitters. 
 
 Wild Ginger Root, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, . 1 ounce. 
 
 Dandelion Root, 1 ounce. 
 
 New England Rum, 1 pint. 
 
 Whisky, 5 pints. 
 
 Sugar, .............. 4 ounces. 
 
 Water, .............. 2 pints. 
 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
 mixed liquids for a few days, then filter. 
 
 Bitters — Class B. 
 
 This class of Bitters includes those in which iron is combined 
 with bitter tonics, aromatics, etc., in the form of a pleasant cordial. 
 Iron Bitters have, of late, by the reason of extensive advertising, 
 become quite popular, and, although they are nothing new in the 
 line of preparations, they now have a large sale, and, as they may be 
 made at a low cost, are quite profitable to put up. In making these 
 Bitters it is necessary to use tonics and aromatics which do not make 
 an inky color or taste with the iron salts. 
 
 3946. Iron Bitters. 
 
 Tonic Health Cordial. 
 Wahoo Bark, in coarse powder, ..... 1 ounce av. 
 Cardamom Seeds, in coarse powder, ... 2 drachms. 
 Caraway Seeds, in coarse powder, .... 2 drachms. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1039 
 
 Coriander Seeds, in coarse powder, ... 2 drachms. 
 
 Nutmeg, in coarse powder, 1 drachm. 
 
 Oil of Orange, fresh, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cassia (Cinnamon) 10 minims. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . . 1 ounce aw 
 
 Sugar, 1 pound aw 
 
 Cologne Spirit (deodorized Alcohol), ... 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the powdered drugs and macerate them with the Alcohol, 
 with frequent agitation, for several days, then pour off the liquid, 
 add the oils to the tincture and reserve. Now add 2 pints of Water 
 to the macerated powders, agitate, let stand 12 hours and pour off ; 
 repeat with the same quantity of Water, adding the aqueous liquids 
 to the alcoholic solution and mixing them thoroughly ; dissolve the 
 Iron salt and the Sugar in enough Water to make, when added to 
 the mixed liquids, 1 gallon of the mixture, and, after standing a few 
 days, filter clear. 
 
 This may be made, also, by mixing 1 fl. ounce of Fluid Extract of 
 Wahoo with 3 fl.ounces Compound Tincture of Cardamom and the 
 other ingredients as directed in the formula above. 
 
 ( )ther soluble salts of Iron may be used instead of the citrate. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful. 
 
 3947. Iron Tonic Bitters. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 80 grains. 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 512 grains. 
 
 Cologne Spirit 2 pints. 
 
 Essence of Calamus 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Water, 5/2 pints. 
 
 Sugar, )i pound av. 
 
 Mix the ingredients, dissolve and filter. 
 
 This is similar to Bitter Wineof Iron except that it contains no 
 Wine. 
 Tlie dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful, 
 Many other preparations may be put up and sold as "Iron 
 Bitters," or " Iron Tonic Bitters," and by other titles. The Elixirs 
 of Calisaya and Iron, Gentian and Iron, and other tunic Elixirs 
 containing iron, may be diluted one-half for this purpose with 
 Alcohol 1 part, Syrup 1 part, and Water a parts. 
 
1040 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3948. Iron Wine Bitters. 
 
 Bitter Wine of Iron is frequently put up and sold as Iron Bitters, 
 but is stronger than most that are put up for general sale. The fol- 
 lowing makes a good Iron Bitters, using Wine as the menstruum : 
 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinine, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Essence of Calamus, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 10 minims. 
 
 Oil of Orange, 40 minims. 
 
 Sugar, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Water (hot) 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint 
 
 White Wine (Sherry or Angelica), . . . 6^ pints. 
 Dissolve the Citrate of Iron and Quinine in the hot Water and 
 add the solution to the Wine, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and 
 add the Essence, then mix the solutions, dissolve the Sugar in the 
 mixture and, after standing, filter. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful. 
 
 Class C. 
 
 In this class the formulas are given for the stronger medicinal 
 Bitters, similar to proprietary Bitters, which have been or are popu- 
 lar. They differ from the other classes of Bitters by being put up 
 in smaller packages, containing more of the medicinal agents and 
 being taken in smaller doses. 
 
 3949. Blood Bitters, or Burdock Bitters. 
 
 Tonic System Renovator. 
 
 Burdock Root, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Mezereum Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Senn-a Leaves, . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Columbo Root, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Cinnamon, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Cloves, %. ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 pints. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 3 pints of 
 Water, moisten the powder with a pint of the mixture and macerate, 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1(141 
 
 in a warm place, in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the 
 water-bath percolator, pour upon it 2 pints of menstruum, pack mod- 
 erately, and set in a warm place for one day, then heat very moder- 
 ately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding the remainder 
 of the menstruum, and then Water to the drug, and continuing the 
 heat and percolation until a gallon of the Bitters is obtained, dis- 
 solve the Sugar in the liquid and filter. 
 
 This may be made by cold percolation, but this method does not 
 so thoroughly exhaust the drugs. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day. 
 
 This is similar to, but a better preparation than, several of the 
 Blood Bitters in the market. 
 
 3950. German Liver Bitters. 
 
 Leptandra (Culver's Root), 8 ounces av. 
 
 Mandrake Root, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Burdock Root, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, ]/?, ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 pints. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 4 pints 
 of Water, moisten the powder with a pint of the menstruum and 
 macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the water- 
 bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon it 2 pints of the menstruum 
 and set in a warm place for one day, then heat moderately and, after 
 one hour, begin to percolate, adding the remainder of the men- 
 struum, and then Water to the drugs, and continuing the heat and 
 percolation until a gallon of the Hitters is obtained ; filter. 
 
 This may be made, also, by cold percolation, but this process dors 
 not so thoroughly exhaust the drugs. 
 
 The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day. 
 
 This is similar to the German Hitters and Liver Invigorators that 
 have been popular. The preparation is a good liver and blood 
 
 remedy. 
 
 A great variety of other similar preparations are put up and sold 
 
 under various names, all of them being intended to acl on tin- liver 
 to increase its secretion of bile, thereby acting as laxative. The 
 
 sale of this kind of Hitters is much less than it was formerly, but 
 they are, nevertheless, good preparations. 
 
1042 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3951. Jaundice or Laxative Bitters. 
 
 Cape Aloes, in powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium (Sal Tartar), . . y 2 ounce. 
 
 Culver's Root, in powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Anise, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Coriander, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make . . . 1 gallon. 
 Mix the drugs and macerate them with the Alcohol and 6 pints of 
 Water for seven days, then pour off the supernatant liquid, put the 
 drugs in a percolator, pour the liquid upon them and percolate, add- . 
 ing Water through the percolator until a gallon of Bitters is obtained, 
 and filter. 
 
 This is similar to several Laxative and Jaundice Bitters on the 
 market, which have had a popular sale. 
 
 3952. Poor Man's Bitters. 
 
 A class of Bitters made with a small percentage of Alcohol, and 
 put up usually in half-pint bottles, to retail at 25 cents, are known 
 by the above title, and by various other names. They are neither 
 very profitable nor satisfactory proprietary medicines, but may be 
 made, if desired, as follows : 
 
 Quassia, ground, 4 ounces. 
 
 Orange Peel, ground, 1 ounce. 
 
 Cloves, in powder, % ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon, in powder, % ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, iy 2 pint. 
 
 Water, q. s., about 7 pints. 
 
 Mix the powders with the ground drugs and, having mixed the 
 Alcohol with \y 2 pint of Water, moisten the drugs with 6 flounces 
 of the mixture and pack in the water-bath percolator, pour upon 
 them the remainder of the mixed Alcohol and Water and, after 24 
 hours, heat moderately for one hour and percolate, adding Water 
 through the percolator to make 1 gallon of the Bitters ; after stand- 
 ing, filter clear. 
 
 The close is a tablespoonful or more. 
 
 Mandrake Bitters may be made by adding 2 ounces of Mandrake 
 to the above. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. llMo 
 
 3953- Vinegar Bitters. 
 
 A proprietary medicine known as " Vinegar Bitters " at one time 
 had a large sale, the result of extensive advertising as a " no vile 
 fancy drink" and other temperance mottoes. It had the reputation 
 of being a pharmaceutical compound (?) of Aloes and sour Beer. 
 
 A Vinegar Bitters of much value, but entirely unlike the prepara- 
 tion mentioned, may be made as follows : 
 
 Cascara Sagrada Bark 6 ounces. 
 
 Leptandra Root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mandrake Root 1 ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon, )A ounce. 
 
 Allspice, y<2 ounce. 
 
 Good Wine or Cider Vinegar, . . . . 4 pints 
 
 Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and infuse them with the 
 Vinegar at a temperature of about 200 F. for four hours, then pour 
 off the liquid, pour the Water upon the dregs, and infuse as before; 
 mix the liquors obtained, add the Alcohol and. after standing, strain. 
 
 This is a good laxative and liver regulator. 
 
 Other forms of Bitters will be found under other headings. 
 
 3954. Bitters in Powder. 
 
 Gentian, in fine powder 4 ounces. 
 
 Golden Seal, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Black Cohosh, in fine powder, 2 oun< es. 
 
 Rhubarb, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon, in fine powder, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Nutmeg, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Aloes, in line powder 1 ounce. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium y? ounce. 
 
 Ginger, iri fine powder, % ounce. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 This is to be put up in boxes, or p 1 about 1 
 which sell gene-rally for 25 cents. 
 
 The contents of the package is to be put into •; oi a pint of 
 Water, and >^ pint of Alcohol, and a tablespoonful is to be taken 
 
 before meals. 
 
1044 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 A much cheaper Bitters Powder, which has had a good sale under 
 various names, may be made with 
 
 Aloes, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Canella, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Lupulin, in fine powder, ^ ounce. 
 
 Cassia, in fine powder, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Mix them. To take, prepare as above, using only half the quan- 
 tity of the powder 
 
 BLOOD PURIFIERS. 
 
 Remedies for purifying the blood are mostly included under other 
 headings, as Alteratives, Bitters, Sarsaparillas, etc. A few only of 
 such as are known by the title of " Blood Purifiers " are given here. 
 
 3955. Blood Purifier. 
 
 Burdock Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims.. 
 
 Sugar, 1 pound av. 
 
 Alcohol, 3>2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, and, having mixed a pint of 
 the Alcohol with a pint of Water, macerate them for 24 hours with 
 the liquid ; then pack in a percolator, mix the remaining 2^ pints 
 of Alcohol with an equal measure of Water and pour upon the 
 drugs ; set in a warm place for 24 hours, then percolate slowly, add- 
 ing Water to the drugs after the liquid has all disappeared from the 
 surface", and continuing the percolation until 7^2 pints have passed. 
 Dissolve the Oil of Wintsergreen in half an ounce of Alcohol and 
 add the solution, with the Sugar and Iodide of Potassium,' to the 
 percolate ; dissolve and filter. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 This may be put up as Blood Purifying Bitters, Blood Cleanser, 
 or by any other similar title. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1045 
 
 3956. Blood Purifying Tea. 
 
 Burdock Root, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Blue Flag Root, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Dandelion Root, cut, 3 ounces. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, cut, . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Root, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, cut, 2 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Dock Root, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and put up in packages of about 2 ounces. 
 Directions for preparing : Steep the contents of the package in a 
 quart of Water, with gentle heat, for two hours, strain off 1 }A pint 
 into a quart bottle and add half a pint of Alcohol and 4 ounces of 
 Sugar. The dose is a wineglassful for adults, before meals and at 
 bedtime ; children in proportion, according to age. 
 
 CARMINATIVES. 
 
 Carminatives are a class of mild, aromatic astringent preparations 
 intended to be used for diarrhoea, summer complaints and like dis- 
 orders. They are particularly adapted to children, being mild, 
 pleasant to take, and effective. Other preparations of a similar 
 nature will be found under other headings. See also Cholera 
 Cures, Dysentery Remedies, etc. 
 
 3957. Blackberry Carminative. 
 
 Blackberry Juice, 4 pints. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Blackberry, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Yam, . . ... 2 fl.oun 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 30 minims. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 30 minims. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts with the Juice and dissolve the Sugar in 
 
 the mixture by agitation. Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol and add 
 to the mixture, then add enough Water to make a gallon of the 
 
 preparation and, after Standing a few days, filter. 
 
 Dose, for children, from half to a traspoouful ; for adults, from a 
 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
1046 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3958. Carminative Cordial. 
 
 Catechu, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Opium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 20 minims. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Macerate the Catechu, Opium and Camphor, with iJ-3 pints of 
 Alcohol, mixed with 2 pints of Water for seven days, agitating 
 every day, pour off the liquid and reserve ; pour the drugs upon a 
 filter and percolate them with Water until 3 pints of percolate have 
 been obtained, mix this with the reserved liquid ; dissolve the Oils 
 in the remaining half pint of Alcohol, and add to the mixture, then 
 filter, dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, and add enough Water, if 
 necessary, to make a gallon of the finished product. 
 
 Dose, for children, from half to a teaspoonful ; for adults, a tea, 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 3959. Ginger Carminative. 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, in No. 40 powder, .... 6 ounces ay. 
 
 Blackberry Root, in No. 40 powder, 1 pound av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in No. 50 powder, 1 ounce av.. 
 
 Nutmeg, in No. 50 powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sassafras, in No. 40 powder, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 4 fi. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the powdered drugs and, having mixed the Alcohol with 3 
 pints of Water, moisten the drugs with 2 pints of the liquid and 
 macerate in a closed vessel for 24 hours ; then pack in a percolator, 
 pour the remainder of the liquid upon it and, after standing one 
 day, percolate, adding Water through the percolator after the liquid 
 has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the percolation 
 until 6 pints are obtained ; add the Tincture of Opium and filter, 
 and to the filtrate add the Sugar and, after the Sugar is dissolved, 
 enough Water to make a gallon. 
 
 Dose, for children, from half to a teaspoonful ; for adults, a tea- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1047 
 
 CATARRH REMEDIES. 
 
 Besides the general remedies which are taken for catarrh, which 
 will be found under other headings, as Alteratives, Blood Purifiers, 
 Tonics, etc., there are several preparations designed for application, to 
 be used by insufflation or to be applied in the form of an ointment. 
 They are as follows : 
 
 3960. Catarrh Remedy — Liquid. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Hydrastis (Aqueous) or " Fluid 
 
 Hydrastis," 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 2 drachms. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 4 drachms. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, ... . . 10 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. To use, put 1 teaspoonful of common salt in a small 
 cup of water, add 1 teaspoonful or more of the Remedy and use by 
 insufflation or with a douche. This also makes an excellent gargle 
 for sore throat, etc. 
 
 3961. Catarrh Remedy — Powder. 
 
 Golden Seal, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassium, in fine powder 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 
 
 Sulphate of .Morphine, ... 
 Salicylic Acid, 
 
 1 ounce 
 
 2 drachms, 
 o grains. 
 
 o grains. 
 
 Mix them well together. A teaspoonful <>\ this powder and 2 
 teaspoonfuls of salt added to a pint of boiling water makes a liquid 
 to be used with a douche or by insufflation. 
 
 3962. Camphorated Cream Salve. 
 
 For Catarrh, Etc. 
 
 Camphor, in coarse powder, . ... . . 80 grains. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 60 grains. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite Root, 2 ll. drachms. 
 
 Yellow Wax . 2 mimics aw 
 
 Petrolatum, r 6 ounces av. 
 
1048 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, mix the Camphor, Carbolic Acid, 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, and Tincture of Aconite, and, when the Camphor 
 is dissolved, add the mixture to the melted mass while cooling. This 
 may also be used as an ointment for chilblains, chaps, etc., and when- 
 ever a soothing, healing ointment is desired. 
 
 3963. Catarrh Cream Balm. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite, 2 fi. drachms. 
 
 Carbolic Acid (crystals), 1 drachm. 
 
 Oil Sassafras, 30 minims. 
 
 White Pine Turpentine, 2 drachms. 
 
 Yellow Wax 2 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax, Turpentine, and Petrolatum together and, when 
 cooling, add the Tincture, Carbolic Acid, and Oil, mixing them 
 well together. 
 
 3964. Catarrh Cure or Salve. 
 
 Oil of Tar, 30 minims. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 10 minims. 
 
 Tincture Aconite Root, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Melt, and make in the same manner as the preceding. 
 
 3965. Catarrh Snuff. 
 
 Catarrh Snuff, which was once a popular proprietary remedy, has 
 now become of slow sale. The following formula will be sufficient: 
 
 Euphorbium, in very fine powder, .... % ounce. 
 
 Bismuth Subnitrate, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, ^ ounce. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 30 minims. 
 
 Scotch Snuff, 15 ounces. 
 
 Mix them by rubbing the Oil of Wintergreen with a portion of the 
 Snuff, adding the Euphorbium and Salicylic Acid, and then mixing 
 with the remainder of the Snuff. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1(49 
 
 CATHARTICS AND LAXATIVES. 
 
 A great variety of preparations designed to act as laxatives or 
 cathartics are found among proprietary medicines, most of them, 
 however, under some other title. The following are specially rep- 
 resentative of this class of preparations, but others, which act as 
 cathartics or laxatives, will be found under other headings. See 
 Elixirs, Tinctures, Syrups, etc. 
 
 3966. Buckthorn Cordial. 
 
 Cathartic or Laxative Elixir, 
 
 A cathartic or laxative remedy — something for constipation and 
 the many disorders that proceed from it — is as frequently called for 
 as any patent medicine on the druggist's shelves. Cathartic or Lax- 
 ative Elixirs, under various names, have been considerably called 
 for of late, and are rapidly taking the place of pills and other physic. 
 
 The following has been thoroughly triecLand is recommended : 
 
 Buckthorn Bark, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Rochelle Salts, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, 8 ounces av. 
 
 'Liquorice Root, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Ginger Root, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Coriander Seed 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, . . 10 minims. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make . . . 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs together to a coarse powder, moisten them with 
 2 pints of diluted Alcohol and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 
 hours, then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, 
 pour upon them the remaining 4 pints <>!" diluted Alcohol and set 
 hi a warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately and, after one 
 hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs after the liquid 
 has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat and per- 
 colation until 7 pints are obtained. In this percolate dissolve the 
 Rochelle Salt> and the Sn^ar. add the < >ils. previously dissolved in 
 
L050 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 half an ounce of Alcohol, and, after standing a few days, strain or 
 filter. 
 
 The dose, as a cathartic, is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful 
 before brealcfast or at night ; as a laxative, a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 3967. Cascara Cordial. 
 
 Cathartic or Laxative Cordial. 
 This cordial is highly recommended as a remedy for habitual con- 
 stipation and the disorders which attend it, as sick-headache, liver 
 and stomach troubles, etc. 
 
 Cascara Sagrada Bark, . 16 ounces av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Cardamom Seed, ......... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Angelica Root, . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, . ^ ounce av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Make in the same manner as is directed for Buckthorn Cordial. 
 Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in the diluted Alcohol before 
 percolating. 
 
 The dose, as a cathartic, is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful ; as 
 a laxative, from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 3968. Castorol. 
 
 Child's Laxative, " Castoria.'" 
 Under the name "Castoria," a laxative and regulator for children 
 has been extensively sold, and it is an excellent, preparation. The 
 original is made after the formula of Dr. Samuel Pitcher, which is: 
 
 Senna Leaves, . 16 ounces. 
 
 Pumpkin Seed, 6 ounces. 
 
 Anise Seed, 1 ounce. 
 
 Worm Seed, .... 3 ounces. 
 
 Rochelle Salts, .4 ounces. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 6^ pounds. 
 
 Essence of Wintergreen y 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint, . . 1 fl. drachm 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1051 
 
 Bruise the Senna, Pumpkin Seeds, Anise, and Worm Seed and 
 steep them in 6 pints of Water, with gentle heat, for three hours ; 
 pour off the liquid and reserve ; put 2 pints more Water on the 
 drugs and steep for one hour more, then pour off the liquid, press 
 lightly, and add the liquid to the portion previously reserved and 
 evaporate it by gentle heat to 5 pints. When cool, strain, add the 
 Essences and dissolve the Sugar, Salts, etc., in the liquid, by agita- 
 tion. This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the usual 
 manner. 
 
 The dose is half a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, according to 
 age, etc. It is an excellent laxative for children, and, in fact, for 
 adults. 
 
 3969. Cathartic Liver Pills. 
 
 Extract Nux Vomica, 10 grains. 
 
 Podophyllin, 10 grains. 
 
 Capsicum, in fine powder, 20 grains. 
 
 Extract Hyoscyamus, 30 grains. 
 
 Purified Aloes, . . .100 grains. 
 
 Mix and make 100 pills. 
 
 Each pill contains -fa grain each Extract Nux Vomica and Pod- 
 ophyllin, \ grain of Capsicum, about l /z grain Extract Hyoscyamus, 
 and .1 grain of Purified Aloes. 
 
 The dose, as a laxative and liver pill, is 1, before meals, from 
 once to three times a day ; as a cathartic, 2 to 4 pills. 
 
 This is an excellent tonic and liver pill, particularly valuable for 
 habitual constipation, headache, inactive liver, etc., and cannot fail 
 to give satisfaction. 
 
 3970. Little Giant Liver Pills. 
 
 Aloin, 10 grams. 
 
 Podophyllin, 20 grains. 
 
 Capsicum, 10 grains. 
 
 Extract of Xux Vomica, 20 grains. 
 
 Hyoscyamine, 2 grains. 
 
 Mix, and make 100 pills. 
 
 These are generally sold under the title of Little Liver Pills, but 
 are mostly used as a laxative or cathartic, the dose as a cathartic 
 
 being 3 to 4 pills at night or morning. 
 
 Many other formulas for Cathartic Pills will be found under 
 "Pills." 
 
1052 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3971. Fruit Laxative Lozenges. 
 
 Under the name Tamar-Indien Tropical Fruit Laxative, Confectio- 
 Laxative, etc., Laxative or Cathartic Lozenges have had a good sale. 
 The following formula makes a good preparation of this sort. They 
 are usually put up half a dozen in a tin box for 25 cents, or one 
 dozen for 50 cents. 
 
 Tamarind pulp, thick, 2 ounces. 
 
 Extract of Senna, 2 ounces. 
 
 Aloin, 10 grains. 
 
 Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin), .... 10 grains. 
 
 Manna, 1 ounce. 
 
 The Tamarind Pulp should be thick and the Extract of Senna of 
 as firm consistence as can be obtained. The substances should then 
 be warmed and well kneaded together, then rolled out and cut into 
 oval lozenges of about 45 grains, covered with tin foil and wrapped 
 in paraffin paper. 
 
 The dose, as a laxative, is 1 lozenge at night ; as a light cathartic, 
 2 lozenges may be taken. 
 
 Fig Pulp may be used in place of Tamarind Pulp. A very fine 
 lozenge may be made by using a portion of Pistachio paste in the 
 mixture. 
 
 Grape Sugar may be used in place of Manna, but is not so good. 
 
 3972. Laxative Tea. 
 
 Buckthorn Bark, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Dandelion Root, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Senna Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root, cut, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Coriander Seed, bruised J /> ounce. 
 
 Anise Seed, bruised, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and put up in packages of about two ounces, 
 which will retail for 25 cents. 
 
 It is prepared in the same manner as No. 113, and the dose, as 
 a cathartic, is about the same. As a laxative, a package may be 
 steeped in a pint of water, strained and mixed with half a pint of 
 whisky or gin and % pound sugar. Dose, a wineglassful. 
 
 In the form of powder the Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza 
 (2764) is a good preparation to put up as a general laxative. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1053 
 
 CHOLERA CURES. 
 
 The demand for Cholera Cures is limited, of course, to the later 
 summer months, yet there is considerable sale for preparations 
 under this name, as they are used also for dysentery, diarrhoea, etc. 
 Many preparations which may be put up for this purpose have been 
 already given under other headings (see Mixtures, Tinctures, etc.), 
 but the following may be found useful, the first two being original, 
 the others old and popular formulas. Other formulas for similar 
 use will be found under Dysentery Remedies. 
 
 3973. Cholera Cure — Stimulating. 
 
 Capsicum, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Camphor, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Catechu, -. 4 ounces av. 
 
 Opium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Cajeput, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 2 fi. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 7>4 pints. 
 
 Hot Water, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Macerate the Catechu and Opium with the hot Water, rubbing 
 them in a mortar until reduced to a pulpy mass, dissolve the Oils 
 and Camphor in the Alcohol, add the Capsicum and the solution of 
 Catechu and Opium, allowing the mixture to macerate a week or 
 longer, shaking every day, then filter. 
 
 Dose, as a preventive, 10 to 15 drops in a little water every morn- 
 ing. For cholera, cholera infantum, cholera morbus, colic, cramp, 
 or internal pain, from 15 drops to a teaspoonful in sweetened water 
 every hour, or oftener, if necessary, until relieved. It may also In' 
 applied over the pit of the stomach and bowels. 
 
 3974. Cholera Remedy — Sedative. 
 
 Tincture of Opium 3 rl.ounces. 
 
 Hydrate of Chloral, i ounce av. 
 
 Spirit (Essence) of Peppermint i fl. ounce. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fLounce. 
 
 Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the liquids and dissolve the Hydrate of Chloral in the 
 mixture. Dose and directions the same as the preceding. 
 
1054 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3975. Asiatic Tincture for Cholera. 
 
 Powdered Opium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Powdered Capsicum, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hoffman's Anodyne, 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate two weeks and filter. Dose, 20 to 60 drops. 
 
 3976. Australian Cholera Specific. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, 320 grains. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 192 grains. 
 
 Sugar, 240 grains. 
 
 Gum Arabic, 240 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make a pint. 
 
 Mix the AcichUlifcla 12 fl. ounces of Water, add the Sugar and 
 Gum, dissolve, and add enough Water to make a pint. 
 
 Dose, a tablespoonful, followed by a drink of water, and repeated 
 in half an hour, or frequently until the disease is checked. The 
 remedy is claimed never to have failed to cure if taken in reasona- 
 ble time. 
 
 3977. New-York " Sun " Cholera Mixture. 
 
 Tincture Capsicum, 1 part. 
 
 Tincture Opium, 1 part. 
 
 Tincture Rhubarb, 1 part. 
 
 Spirit Peppermint, 1 part. 
 
 Spirit Camphor, 1 part. 
 
 Mix. Dose, 15 to 30 drops in a wine glass of water. 
 
 3978. Russian Cholera Drops. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 75 minims. 
 
 Tincture Opium, 5 fl. drachms. 
 
 Wine of Ipecac, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture Valerian, etherial, 4 flounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, 10 to 20 minims. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 1055 
 
 3979. Sparkman's Cholera Mixture. 
 
 Camphor . . 1 drachm. 
 
 Kino, 2 ounces. 
 
 Catechu, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Cinnamon, 2 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Cloves, 1 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Capsicum, 2 ounces. 
 
 Brandy, q. s. 
 
 Moisten the powders with Brandy, pack in a percolator, macerate 
 48 hours and percolate 18 ft. ounces. To this add : 
 
 Tincture Opium 2^4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Chloroform, • . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Dose, 60 drops. 
 
 3980. Squibb's Cholera Mixture. 
 
 Chloroform, ... 
 
 Tincture Opium, 
 
 Spirit Camphor, 
 
 Tincture Capsicum, 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 3 parts. 
 <S parts. 
 8. parts. 
 
 8 parts. 
 13 parts. 
 
 Mix. Dose, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 3981. Thielemann's Cholera Drops. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture Opium and Saffron 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture [pecac, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture Valerian, 13*2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 CONDITION POWDERS. 
 
 The formulae for Condition Powders arc so familiar and common 
 that it seems almost needless to give them lure, bul they may l>e 
 
 found convenient for r< : Nicy aiv usually made to answer 
 
 for most of the general ailments of horses and 1 attle, and are given 
 
1056 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 to increase the appetite, purify the blood, act on the liver, kidneys, 
 etc. The following represent a variety and serve as sample 
 formulas : 
 
 3982. Condition Powder — Vegetable. 
 
 For the Blood and Appetite. 
 
 Bloodroot, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sassafras, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Gentian, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Ginger, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Fenugreek Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Senna, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 
 It will be observed that this powder is entirely vegetable and more 
 expensive than many of the others. It may be made cheaper by 
 adding to it an equal bulk of Linseed Meal. 
 
 3983. Condition Powder— Mineral. 
 
 Blood Purifier and Tonic. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium (Saltpetre), 2 ounces. 
 
 Bitartrate of Potassium (Cream Tartar), ... 3 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron (Copperas), 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Antimony (Black Antimony), . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphur, 8 ounces. 
 
 Powder and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed, 
 
 3984. Condition Powder — Diuretic. 
 
 Appetizer, Tonic, Diuretic, Etc. 
 
 Gentian, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Ginger, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Fenugreek Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Black Antimony, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Sal. Nitre, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Linseed Meal, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1057 
 
 3985- Condition Powder — General. 
 
 Gentian, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Fenugreek Seed, in powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Resin, in powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur, in powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 
 
 3986. Condition Powder — General. 
 
 Sal. Nitre, in powder, , . . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Fenugreek, in powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Black Antimony, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Linseed Meal, in powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 
 
 3987. Heave Powder. 
 
 For Coughs, Colds, Heaves, Etc. 
 
 Lobelia, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Skunk Cabbage, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Elecampane, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, . . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 5 ounces. 
 
 Mix them. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful in 
 feed. 
 
 This may be diluted, if desired, with Linseed Meal, powdered 
 Fenugreek, or other powdered drugs. 
 
 3988. Hog Cholera Powder. 
 
 Remedies for the prevention and cure of Hog Cholera are much 
 used in the West and South. They are of various composition 
 and merits. The following, which is similar to Haas' Hog Remedy, 
 is as popular as any : 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, precipitated, .... 8 ounces. 
 
 Common Chalk, in powder, 6 ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, powdered, ... 2 ounces. 
 
 Capsicum, powdered )' z ounce. 
 
 Mix them well together. 
 
1058 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 3989. Hog Cholera Cure. 
 
 The following is similar to another popular powder : 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 2 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Gentian, 2 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Ginger, 3 ounces. 
 
 Powdered Nitre, 1 ounce. 
 
 Powdered Chalk, 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. 
 
 The doses of these powders are, as a preventive, from 1 to 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls in feed twice a clay ; as a cure, a tablespoonful 3 or 4 
 times a day. 
 
 3990. Poultry Powder. 
 
 For the diseases incident to poultry a general powder may be pre- 
 pared as follows : 
 
 Bone, ground, or Slaked Lime, 12 ounces. 
 
 Gentian, powdered, 1 ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, powdered, 1 ounce. 
 
 Ginger, powdered, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphur, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix them well together. Put a teaspoonful in a quart of feed. 
 
 3991- £ g£ Food. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime or Ground Bone, . . . .12 ounces. 
 
 Capsicum, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Cantharides, in powder, 1 drachm. 
 
 Sulphur, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, powdered, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix them well. Put a tablespoonful in a quart of feed. 
 
 3992. Worm Powder. 
 
 For Worms and Botts in Horses and Cattle. 
 
 Cape Aloes, in powder, 5 ounces. 
 
 Betel or Areca Nut, in powder, 8 ounces. 
 
 Anise, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Fenugreek Seed, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix them well together. Dose, 2 tablespoonfuls in feed, morning 
 and night. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1059 
 
 CORN, BUNION, AND CHILBLAIN CURES. 
 
 For the past few years Corn Cures have been the rage, and have 
 become almost as plenty, but not quite so painful, as the corns 
 themselves. The most popular remedies have been those in which 
 Collodion has been used as a base, and which form an artificial skin 
 when applied, and thus keep the medicinal agents in place. The 
 same remedies also apply to bunions. Chilblains require other 
 treatment, but are included under this heading. 
 
 3993. Corn Killer. 
 
 This preparation is similar to a variety of preparations known as 
 Gerfnan Corn Cures, Corn Eradicators, and by many other names. 
 Extract of Cannabis Indica is used in some, giving the preparation 
 a greenish color. 
 
 Gun Cotton (Pyroxylin), 200 grains. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), i£}4 flounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 2>Yz A. ounces. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Mix the Ether and Alcohol and dissolve the Gun Cotton in the 
 mixture (this will require a day or two), then add the Salicylic Acid 
 and, when it has dissolved, add the Chloride of Zinc. Keep tightly 
 stopped and away from the light or fire. 
 
 This is applied once a day for three days in succession, the part 
 is then bathed in warm water and the skin and adhering corn 
 removed. It may also be applied to bunions. 
 
 3994. Corn Salve — Caustic. 
 
 A number of Corn Salves have been popular proprietary prepar- 
 ations, but are not generally so effective as the foregoing. 
 
 Caustic Soda or Potassa, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Starch, in fine powder, i ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Dissolve the Soda or Potassa in the Water by the aid of heat, 
 mix the Starch with the Glycerin and heat, with constant stirring, 
 until the Stanh is entirely gelatinized and the preparation is of a 
 uniform consistence, then mix with it the warm solution of Soda and 
 put up while warm in small, wide-mouth bottles or glass boxes. 
 
1060 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 To use, spread a little of the salve on the corn or bunion, taking 
 care to cover only the part to be removed, cover with a piece of 
 cloth and allow to remain from two to four hours, then soak the parts 
 in warm water. 
 
 This is a caustic application and needs only to be applied once or 
 twice. It is equally efficacious for warts. 
 
 3995. Corn Salve — Magic. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 
 
 Arsenic, 1 drachm. 
 
 Petrolatum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix them by rubbing well together to form a salve which may be 
 applied on a piece of linen. 
 
 3996. Corn Plaster. 
 
 The most familiar Corn Plasters are those made by spreading 
 some adhesive plaster over thick felt and then cutting, leaving a 
 hole in the centre, allowing the corn to stick up and thus relieving 
 the pressure upon it. 
 
 A good Corn Plaster, to be spread upon leather or cloth, and 
 thus applied to the corn, may be made with Salicylic Acid 1 part, 
 Burgundy Pitch 1 part, Yellow Wax 1 part, melted together and 
 mixed. 
 
 3997. Chilblain Lotion. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, 2 fi. ounces. 
 
 Camphor, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. To be applied night and morning. It reduces 
 the inflammation and is a sure cure for chilblains before they break. 
 
 3998. Chilblain Ointment. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Camphor, 1 . ounce av. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Mix the Wax and Petrolatum and, having mixed the other ingre- 
 dients and dissolved them, add to the melted substances while cool- 
 ing and mix well. This is a soothing and curative ointment for 
 chilblains and tender feet. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1061 
 
 COUGH REMEDIES. 
 
 The variety of cough preparations sold as proprietary remedies 
 is greater than any other line of " patent medicines," and their sale 
 altogether is probably as large as any, but being distributed among 
 so many different kinds is not so noticeable as of some other lines 
 of remedies. In the formulas which follow we have selected repre- 
 sentatives only of such as are most popular. They are known on 
 the market by names similar to those given, but the formulas do not 
 claim to make exact duplicates of manufacturer's proprietary medi- 
 cines, only that they are as good as any. As a general cough rem- 
 edy the first one of the series (Xo. 3999) is recommended as giving 
 good satisfaction. It is not like any other in the market, but will 
 make a fine preparation. 
 
 3999. Cough Remedy. 
 
 Paregoric, .8 fi. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Squill, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture Tolu 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture Lobelia, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture Hyoscya'mus, ....... 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Powdered Extract of Liquorice, .... ^ ounce av. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, 50 grains. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Chloroform, }j ounce a v. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium Yt. ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 5 pounds av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Rub the Tincture of Tolu with the Carbonate of Magnesium in 
 a mortar, mix the Tinctures and Fluid Extracts with hall' a gallon 
 of Water, dissolve the Extract of Liquorice in the mixture, add it 
 
 to the Magnesia, etc., in the mortar and filter through paper until 
 dear. Dissolve the Tartar Emetic in 4 ounces of boiling Water 
 
 and add the solution and the Muriate of Ammonia to the filtrate 
 and di»olve, put the Sugar in a gallon bottle or jug, add the Chloro- 
 form to the dry'Sugar and mix them thoroughly, then add the 
 liquid previously prepared and enough Water to make a gallon, and 
 dissolve the Sugar by agitation. 
 
 This is an excellent general cough remedy, the dose being 'i t" 
 1 teaspoonful. 
 
1062 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4000. Cough Balsam. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu, y? fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, ^2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Bloodroot, . x /i fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Conium, ]/?. fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Elecampane, ^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 5 drops. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, 8 grains. 
 
 Boiling Water, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 New Orleans Molasses, ....... 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water and add it to the 
 Molasses, dissolve the Oil of Sassafras in the Tincture of Tolu, mix 
 it with the other tinctures and fluid extracts, and add the Molasses 
 to the mixture, shaking them thoroughly together. 
 
 4001. Cough Cordial. 
 
 Anise Seed, Y /z ounce av. 
 
 Fennel Seed, 20 grains. 
 
 Blood Root, 180 grains. 
 
 Wild Cherry 1 ounce av. 
 
 Liquorice Root, J4 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, ■ 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 8 
 ounces of Water and, having moistened the drug with 4 ounces of 
 the mixture, allow them to macerate in a covered vessel for 24 
 hours ; then pack moderately in a percolator, pour upon them the 
 remainder of the liquid and percolate, adding Water through the 
 percolator after the liquid has disappeared from the surface, and 
 continuing the percolation until 13 fl.ounces have passed. In this 
 dissolve the Sugar and, after standing a few days, filter. 
 
 4002. Cough Cure. 
 
 Syrup of Squill, 3 fl.ounces. . 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Wine of Ipecac, 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted, 2 fl drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, ... 3 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Sanguinaria, y 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Mix them. This is an excellent sedative cough cure. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1063 
 
 4003. Cough Honey. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, ....... S grains. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, . . 8 grains. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia, . . ... 256 grains. 
 
 Boiling Water, . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu, ... ... ) z fl. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, . . .... 14 ounces av. 
 
 Water, . ....... 7 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Tinctures with the Sugar and agitate in a bottle, dissolve 
 the Morphine and Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water, and the 
 Muriate of Ammonia in 6 ounces of cold Water ; mix the solutions 
 and add them to the Sugar in the bottle. Dissolve by agitation. 
 
 If a clear preparation is desired, the Tolu may be rubbed with 
 Magnesium Carbonate and Water, and filtered. 
 
 4004. Consumption Cure. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu, 
 
 Fluid Extract of Lobelia, 
 
 Fluid Extract of Indian Cannabis, 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 8 
 
 Tartar Emetic 
 
 Chloroform, 
 
 Essence of Peppermint, 
 
 Boiling Water, 
 
 Sugar, 
 
 Water, 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts, Tincture of Tolu, Chloroform, and 
 Essence with the Sugar in a bottle, and agitate them thoroughly ; 
 dissolve the Morphine and Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water, and 
 add the solution with the 8 ounce- oi Water to the Sugar in the 
 bottle ; keep tightly stopped and agitate until the Sugar is dissolved. 
 
 This makes a preparation quite similar to Piso's Cure. 
 
 As thus prepared this preparation is not dear, but translucent. 
 
 A clear syrup may be made by rubbing the tincture of Tolu, Fluid 
 Extract of Lobelia, Fluid Extract of Cannabis [ndica and Essem e ol 
 Peppermint first with '.- ounce of Carbonate of Magnesium, then 
 
 adding in the mortar 8 0Un< es of water, nil. bin-' them well together, 
 
 filtering, adding the Tarter Emetic dissolved in the boiling water, 
 mixing the chloroform with the sugar, and then dissolving the 
 
 Sugar and morphine in the liquid. 
 
 '_> 
 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 ! 4 
 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 '4 
 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 8 
 
 grams. 
 
 8 
 
 grains. 
 
 1 
 
 tl. drachm. 
 
 '5 
 
 drops. 
 
 1 
 
 tl. ounce. 
 
 M 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 s 
 
 tl. ounces 
 
L064 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4005. Cure- for Consumption. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 15 minims. 
 
 Oil of Tar, 60 minims. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Sanguinaria, y 2 flounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, % fl.ounce. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, % fl.ounce. 
 
 Chloroform r 40 grains. 
 
 Molasses (Porto Rico) 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and agitate thoroughly. This is similar to a Western 
 preparation. 
 
 4006. Compound. Syrup of Tar and Wild Cherry. 
 
 " German Syrup." 
 
 Oil of Tar, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac, ^2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, . . . . 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, y 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 14 ounces av. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix the Oil of Tar by Trituration with the Sugar, add the Fluid 
 Extracts and Tincture to the Water and filter, then dissolve the 
 Sugar, by agitation in the filtrate. 
 
 This may also be made by adding 1 fl. drachm of Oil of Tar and 
 1 fl.ounce of Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry to many of the Cough 
 Remedies previously noticed, afterward straining or filtering if 
 necessary. 
 
 4007. Compound Syrup of White Pine. 
 
 To make this Syrup it is first necessary to prepare a Tincture of 
 White Pine, which is made as follows : 
 
 TINCTURE OF WHITE PINE. 
 
 White Pine Turpentine (Gum Thus.), . . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Cut the gum in small pieces and dissolve it in the Alcohol by the 
 aid of a water-bath, or by macerating for two weeks in a warm 
 place. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1065 
 
 COMPOUND SYRUP WHITE PINE. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac y 2 flounce. 
 
 Chloroform, i fl. drachm. 
 
 Tincture White Pine, 2 ft.ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Water, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 14 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with 1 ounce of Sugar to a 
 fine powder in a mortar and add to it the Tincture of White Pine, 
 rubbing them thoroughly together, then add the Fluid Extract, 
 gradually rub the Water with the mixture and filter ; mix the 
 Chloroform with the Sugar in a bottle, dissolve the Morphine in the 
 liquid, then mix the liquid with the Sugar in the bottle ami dissolve 
 by agitation. 
 
 4008. Compound Syrup of Wild Cherry. 
 
 Wild Cherry, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Ipecac, in fine powder, }4 ounce av. 
 
 Bloodroot, in fine powder, j£ ounce av. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, Yz fl.ounce. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, • 14 ounces av. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Mix the drugs, moisten them with 4 ounces of Water, and macer- 
 ate for 12 hours, then pack moderately in a conical percolator and 
 percolate with Water until 9 fl. ounces are obtained ; mix the Chloro- 
 form with the Sugar in a bottle, add the percolate and dissolve by 
 agitation. 
 
 4009. Cough Mixture. 
 
 The following, with various modifications and additions, is a very 
 common and popular prescription for coughs, etc.: 
 
 Syrup of Squill, i ounce. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, . . .' 1 ounce. 
 
 Wine of [pecac i ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, i ounce. 
 
 To this is frequently added : 
 
 Tincture of Bloodroot, ! { ouni e. 
 
 Syrup of Wild < Iherry i ounce. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted bounce. 
 
 And various other medicines. 
 
1066 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4010. Expectorant. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus. ..... y? fi. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Lobelia, %. flounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Skunk Cabbage, .... ^ fl. ounce. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium, 8 grains. 
 
 Water, y^ fl. ounce. 
 
 New Orleans Molasses, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Cyanide of Potassium in the Water and mix with 
 the Syrup, then add the Fluid Extracts and mix thoroughly. 
 
 4011. Honey of Hoarhound and Tar. 
 
 Powdered Opium, 60 grains. 
 
 Hoarhound, ^2 ounce av. 
 
 Wild Cherry, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Ipecac, Yo ounce av. 
 
 Pine Tar, y 2 ounce av. 
 
 Water, q. s., or 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 14 ounces av. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and mix them thoroughly 
 with the Tar, pour upon them 4 ounces of Water and macerate for 
 24 hours, then pack moderately in a conical percolator and perco- 
 late with Water until 9 ounces are obtained ; dissolve in this the 
 Sugar by agitation. 
 
 4012. Sedative Cough Remedy. 
 
 Without Opium. 
 
 This formula is given to furnish a good remedy without opium 
 (which is often objectionable). This preparation is especially valu- 
 able in irritating and obstinate coughs and is a pleasant sedative and 
 expectorant cough remedy. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Tincture of Sanguinaria (Bloodroot), . . 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), >^ fl. ounce.- 
 
 Syrup of Ipecac, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, 7 fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Water, 3 fl.ounces. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1067 
 
 Dissolve the Bromide of Potassium in the Water and mix the 
 solution with the Syrups ; mix the Alcohol with the Ether and Tinc- 
 tures, then add the mixture to the Syrups and mix. 
 
 Dose, the same as other cough remedies, but may be given freely 
 without injury. 
 
 4013. Lung Balsam. 
 
 Xitric Acid, . . 120 minims. 
 
 Fluid Extract af Lobelia, . . .1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, . . .... 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Conium, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, ... . • • 3 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, . . 10 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, ... 1 pint. 
 
 Boiling Water, . . . . . . 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Porto Rico Molasses, . . 4 pints. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts, Tincture of Opium, Oil, Acid, and 
 Extract of Liquorice with the Water and Alcohol ; dissolve the 
 Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water and add to the mixture, filter 
 and add the Molasses to the filtrate. 
 The dose is a teaSpoonful. 
 
 4014. Terebene Cough Mixture. 
 
 Terebene, purified 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Acacia, in powder '_■ ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, .... 3 ounces av. 
 
 Yolk of Egg, No. 2. 
 
 Anise Water, 2 tl. ounces. 
 
 Camphor Water, }4 fl.oum e. 
 
 Distilled Water, to make S ll. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Acacia and Sugar with the Terebene in a mortar, beat 
 the Volk of Egg with the medicated Waters and make an emulsion 
 by rubbing with the contents of the mortar, then add Water enough 
 to make 8 fl.OUnces. By using Lemon Juice instead Of the distilled 
 Water a more palatable preparation may be made. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful. 
 
 4015. Cough Drops or Candy. 
 
 There are in the market a great variety of "Cough Drops," 
 which are mainly sold by the ounce and not put up in the general 
 style of proprietary remedies. They are usually made by COnfeC- 
 
1068 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 doners and moulded in various shapes, and colored either black, 
 red, or brown. The most popular Black Cough Drops were intro- 
 duced by Smith Brothers, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. A similar prep- 
 aration may be made by adding to i pound of Rock Candy and i 
 pound of Sugar, mixed and boiled to the proper consistence for 
 making drops, 2 ounces Tincture of Opium, 20 grains Tartar 
 Emetic, % ounce Oil of Anise, % ounce Oil of Wintergreen, and 
 coloring black with Negrosine. 
 
 Cherry Cough Drops are made by adding to 3 parts of Rock 
 Candy and 1 part of Sugar, mixed and boiled to the proper 
 consistence, a very little morphine, tartar emetic, capsicum, and 
 flavoring with bitter almond, and coloring red. 
 
 4016. Cough Lozenges or Troches. 
 
 Many kinds of Cough Troches or Lozenges have been popular as 
 proprietary medicines. Brown's Bronchial Troches have been as 
 well received as any, but now the compound troches, tablets, or loz- 
 enges for colds are coming more into use. 
 
 A good Bronchial Troche, similar to the most popular ones, may 
 be made as follows : 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, in powder, . . . * 1 pound. 
 
 Cubebs, in fine powder, 6 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, i^4 pound. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Extract of Conium, powdered, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, in powder, 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix them well together and, with Mucilage or Water, make into 
 a mass, which is to be rolled out and cut into Lozenges of about 10 
 grains. 
 
 By adding other substances, as Morphine, Opium, Ipecac, etc., 
 other varieties may be made. Similar ingredients may be made into 
 compressed Lozenges, if desired. 
 
 DIARRHCEA AND DYSENTERY REMEDIES. 
 
 The milder forms of remedies which are used for summer com- 
 plaints and looseness of the bowels are known in proprietary medi- 
 cines as Diarrhoea or Dysentery Remedies. Carminatives, which 
 have been already mentioned, are similar. The stronger prepara- 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1069 
 
 tions are mostly known as cholera cures, mixtures, drops, or by 
 some other similar title. See Cholera Cures, page 1053. 
 The following are the most popular : 
 
 4017. Blackberry Cordial. 
 
 Blackberry Juice, 4 pints. 
 
 Catechu, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nutmeg, 1 ounce. 
 
 Coriander Seed 1 ounce. 
 
 Opium, in powder % ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2^2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Black- 
 berry Juice with the Alcohol, macerate them for a week or ten days 
 in a warm place, then filter, add the Sugar, dissolve by agitation, 
 and, having passed enough Water through the filter, add it to the 
 mixture to make 1 gallon of the finished product. 
 
 Dose from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful every hour or two 
 until diarrhoea is checked. 
 
 This makes a finely flavored, pleasant, and efficient cordial for 
 summer complaints, and will give universal satisfaction. It may be 
 made from the juice freshly expressed from the berries, or from 
 well preserved Blackberry Juice put up by reliable houses. 
 
 The following formula, although not quite so nicely flavored, is 
 just as efficient and more convenient to make at all seasons of the 
 year. 
 
 4018. Blackberry Cordial. 
 
 Made from the Root. 
 
 Blackberry Root 24 ounces av. 
 
 Nutmeg, 1 ounce a\ . 
 
 Cinnamon, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Coriander Seed, i ounce av. 
 
 Opium, in powder, % ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, -''.■ pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make i gallon, 
 
 Grind the drugs to a moderately fine powder and, having mixed 
 
 the Alcohol with 5 pints of Water, moisten them with 2 pints of the 
 
1070 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 mixture and macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel, then transfer 
 to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them the 
 remainder of the menstruum, heat moderately for one hour, then turn 
 off the heat and begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs after 
 the liquid has disappeared from the top and continuing the percola- 
 tion until 7^2 pints have been obtained. Lastly, dissolve the Sugar 
 in the percolate and filter. 
 
 Many other remedies for diarrhoea, dysentery and summer com- 
 plaints will be found under other headings. 
 
 4019. Diarrhoea Tablets. 
 
 Catechu in powder, 200 grains. 
 
 Kino in powder, 100 grains. 
 
 Opium in powder, 25 grains. 
 
 Sugar in powder, 600 grains. 
 
 Gum Arabic in powder 175 grains. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon, 20 drops. 
 
 Mucilage Acacia, to make a mass which is to be made into 100 
 lozenges. Dose 1 to 4. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA CURES. 
 
 Among the general remedies for Dyspepsia may be included all 
 the tonic, stomach, iron, and blood bitters, the alterative tonics and 
 stimulants ; but besides these are a class of remedies particularly 
 designed for Dyspepsia, which have a large sale. Dyspepsia is the 
 chief cause of indigestion of amylaceous and nitrogenous food, and 
 it is rational to supply to the stomach the lacking ferments or sol- 
 vents of those foods, that it may perform its proper functions. 
 Diastase is the proper solvent for amylaceous food and pepsin for 
 nitrogenous. In the animal economy diastase is a constituent of 
 saliva, and in the vegetable it is found in greatest abundance in 
 malted grain, being now most employed in medicine in the form of 
 Malt Extract. Pepsin is the digestive ferment of the stomach, and 
 is abundantly obtained from the stomachs of various animals. 
 Now, while it would seem reasonable to supply to a dyspeptic stom- 
 ach these elements, the absence of which causes indigestion, yet 
 there are few dyspepsia cures on the market that do so, and, as we 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1071 
 
 must "follow the fashion," and make formulas for remedfes like 
 some that are popular, we give a little variety. 
 
 4020. Dyspepsia Remedy. 
 
 A proprietary remedy known as " August Flower" similar to the 
 following, has had a large sale in this country : 
 
 Rhubarb, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Golden Seal, i)4 ounce av. 
 
 Cape Aloes, % ounce av. 
 
 Peppermint, herb, freshly dried, .... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium (Sal. Tartar), . 2 ounces av. 
 
 Capsicum, 30 grains. 
 
 Spirit (Essence) of Peppermint, .... 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, 24 flounces. 
 
 Porto Rico Molasses, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
 hol with 3 pints of Water, dissolve the Carbonate of Potassium in 
 the mixture, moisten the powder with 12 ounces of the liquid and 
 macerate in a warm place for 24 hours ; transfer to a percolator, 
 pack very moderately, pour upon it the remainder of the liquid and 
 percolate, adding Water to the drugs after the liquid has disap- 
 peared from the surface, and continuing the percolation until 6 
 pints have passed ; to this add the Essence of Peppermint and 
 Molasses and, after standing a few days, strain or decant. 
 
 This may also be made advantageously by water-bath percolation. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful after meals. 
 
 4021. Dyspepsia Tonic. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian Compound, .... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Rhubarb 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of dinger . . i fl.ounce. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint yd fl.ounce. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium ^ ounce av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a pint. 
 
 Mix the Tinctures, etc., dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in 
 the Water, mix the solutions ami, after standing a day or two. filter. 
 
 This is an excellent general remedy I'm' atonic dyspepsia with 
 acid stomach, llatulcne.e, etc. 
 
 Do e, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful after meals. 
 
1072 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4022. Digestive Dyspepsia Remedy. 
 
 Malt Extract, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Pepsin, saccharated, ......... 240 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger, - 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, .... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senna 1 fl.ou.nce. 
 
 Whisky, 4 flounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make a pint. 
 Mix them. " Shake before taking." 
 Dose, teaspoonful or more after meals. 
 
 This is not a nice-looking mixture, and would hardly be a popular 
 remedy for the market. It is also too expensive for general sale, 
 but it is a very effective digestive and dyspepsia remedy, and may 
 be found useful by some of our readers. 
 
 4023. Dyspepsia Tablets. 
 
 Saccharated Pepsin, 1000 grains. 
 
 Saccharated Pancreatin, 1000 grains. 
 
 Ginger, in fine powder, ........ 50 grains. 
 
 Oil of Pimento, 50 minims. 
 
 Acacia, in powder, . . 300 grains. 
 
 Make into a mass with water or mucilage and divide into 100 
 tablets. 
 
 Peptonic Tablets may be made to contain in each, pure Pepsin, 1 
 grain, pure Pancreatin, 1 grain, with Sugar and Gum to make a 5 
 grain compressed tablet. 
 
 Soda-Mint Tablets are made 5 grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
 and Yt, minim Oil of Peppermint in each. 
 
 4024. Dyspepsia Lozenges. 
 
 A less expensive Dyspepsia Lozenge or Tablet may be made^with 
 
 Rhubarb, in fine powder, 500 grains. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth, 500 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 300 grains. 
 
 Ginger, in fine powder, 100 grains. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 50 minims. 
 
 Acacia, in fine powder, 300 grains. 
 
 Sugar, in fine powder, 300 grains. 
 
 Make into a mass with mucilage and divide into 100 tablets or 
 lozenges. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1073 
 
 ELIXIRS, ESSENCES, AND EXTRACTS. 
 
 Quite a variety of proprietary preparations, under the name 
 Elixirs, Essences, and Extracts, are found in the market, but most 
 of them are included in this work under other headings. Of the 
 first, the general Elixirs of Calisaya, Calisaya and Iron, and their 
 combinations, Gentian and Tincture of Chloride of Iron, Elixirs of 
 Pepsin, Elixirs of Lactopeptine, and combinations, have been very 
 popular as pseudo-proprietary medicines. Many other proprietary 
 medicines are also known as Elixirs, as Blood Elixir, Tonic Elixir, 
 Down's Elixir for Coughs, McMunn's Elixir of Opium, etc. 
 
 Of the proprietary remedies known as Essences, Essence of (rin- 
 ger is the only one which has any popular sale, and that is more 
 frequently called for as Extract of Ginger than as it is usually 
 labeled. Of the Extracts sold as proprietary most of them are 
 included under other headings, but a few are mentioned here for 
 want of better classification. 
 
 4024. Essence or Extract of Jamaica Ginger. 
 
 This preparation, more than any other, has been a popular favorite 
 for mild forms of Diarrhoea and Summer Complaint. It is also 
 much used as a quick stimulant for colds, cramp, colic, etc., and for 
 dyspepsia. It is a popular domestic remedy and has a ready sale at 
 all drug stores. The formula is as follows : 
 
 Jamaica Ginger Root, unbleached, in mod- 
 erately fine powder, 3 pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 .Moisten the powder with 2 pints of Alcohol and pack firmly in 
 the water-bath percolator, pour upon it 2 pints of Alcohol and set in 
 a warm place for two days, then heat moderately and, after one 
 hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and continu- 
 ing the heat and percolation until i gallon is obtained. The Alco- 
 hol remaining in the drug may be recovered by distillation. 
 
 The process of water-bath percolation is particularly valuable in 
 making this preparation ; no extract can be made by the cold pro- 
 cess which equals it in flavor and strength. Consequently, many 
 
 manufacturers have been in the habit of adding ( apsicum, which is 
 
 very objectionable in such a preparation. 
 
 The dose of this preparation is from 10 to 60 drops in sweetened 
 water. 
 
K»?4 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4025. Aromatic Extract of Jamaica Ginger. 
 
 As some of the Essences of Ginger on the market contain 
 aromatics combined with the Ginger, this formula is given : 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, unbleached, in powder, . . 3 pounds av. 
 
 Calamus, in powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Canada Snake Root, in powder, . , . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon and Mace, each, 1 drachm. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, fresh 2 fi. drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . . . 1 gallon. 
 
 Make an extract of the drugs by percolation the same as directed 
 in the preceding formula and add the .Oil of Lemon. 
 
 This is used for the same purposes and given in the same quanti- 
 ties as the preceding. 
 
 4026. Extract Pinus Canadensis. 
 
 This is a fluid extract prepared from the inner bark of hemlock 
 trees, by extracting with water and evaporating the liquor until it is 
 reduced to a thick fluid extract, which may be preserved by the 
 addition of 3 fl. ounces of glycerin in a pint. 
 
 A " white " or colorless extract is made from this by mixing with 
 freshly precipitated Oxide of Iron and treating as directed for detan- 
 nating(5i5). 
 
 These Extracts are used for washes, injections, etc., and given 
 internally for chronic diarrhoea and other similar diseases. 
 
 4027. Extract of Shaker's Roots. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Root, 4 ounces. 
 
 Leptandra Root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mandrake Root, 1 ounce. 
 
 Valerian Root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Calamus Root, 1 ounce. 
 
 Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . . 1 pint. 
 Make a pint of Extract by water-bath percolation. 
 This is a general alterative, given in small doses, for almost 
 everything. 
 
 Other Extracts, which are put up as proprietary, are mostly 
 included under other headings. The Buchu Extracts will be found 
 under Kidney and Liver Cures, the Malt Extracts and combinations 
 under Malt preparations, Witch Hazel Extract under Distilled 
 Extracts, the Sarsaparilla Extracts under various headings, etc. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1075 
 
 EYE WATERS. 
 
 Although the sale for proprietary Eye Waters is small as com- 
 pared with other remedies it is steady, and the preparations pay a 
 large margin of profit and are easily prepared ; therefore druggists 
 can make it profitable to put them up. 
 
 The following formulas are representative of the best prepara- 
 tions of this kind : 
 
 4028. Standard Eye Water. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 20 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 16 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 fl ounces. 
 
 Rose Water, 14 tl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4029. Eye Water. 
 
 Fluid Hydrastis, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 16 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of -Morphine, .16 grains. 
 
 Borax 30 grains. 
 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rose Water 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4030. Eye Water. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead, ^o minims. 
 
 ( rlycerin, 2 il. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water 14 fl.OUnces. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Any of the foregoing formulae make good general Eye Waters, 
 similar to those which are sold as proprietary remedies. They are 
 usually put up in i oun< e bottles and sold at 25 cents. 
 
 EYE SALVES. 
 
 The demand for Eye Salves, like Eye Waters, is steady but not 
 
 large, yet they are so easily made and so profitable thai druggists 
 hould put them up for their trade. The following formulae make 
 
1076 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 reliable preparations. It is necessary to have all the ingredients in 
 very fine powder, and have them thoroughly mixed : 
 
 4031. Standard Eye Salve. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 
 
 White Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Morphine intimately with the Zinc to an impalpable 
 powder and gradually incorporate the Petrolatum with the mixture. 
 The Hubbuck's English Oxide of Zinc is the best for this purpose. 
 
 4032. Astringent Eye Salve. 
 
 Liquor of Subacetate of Lead, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Opium, in fine powder, 30 grains. 
 
 Tannin, in fine powder, 20 grains. 
 
 White Petrolatum Ointment, 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix the Goulard's Extract (Liquor Subacetate of Lead) with the 
 Tannin and Opium and gradually incorporate the Petrolatum Oint- 
 ment with the mixture. This is particularly useful for granulated 
 lids and chronic sore eyes. 
 
 4033. Eye Salve. 
 
 Ammoniated Mercury (White Precipitate), . . 240 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 
 
 White Petrolatum Ointment, 8 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Ammoniated Mercury and the Morphine to a very fine 
 powder and gradually incorporate the Ointment intimately with the 
 mixture. 
 
 4034. Eye Salve. 
 
 Calamine, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 
 
 White Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Calamine and Morphine together and gradually incor- 
 porate the Ointment with the mixture. 
 
 FEMALE REMEDIES. 
 
 For the past few years a very large trade has been built up on 
 proprietary remedies for female complaints. These consist mostly 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1077 
 
 of uterine and nerve tonics combined. The following formulae will 
 make preparations as valuable and reliable as any, and are repre- 
 sentative of different kinds. 
 
 4035. Female Remedy. 
 
 Women's Health Restorative. 
 
 Cramp Bark [Vtb urn inn Opulus), ... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Catnep, 4 ounces av. 
 
 False Unicorn Root (Helonlas), .... 8 ounces av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, S ounces av. 
 
 Partridgeberry (Mitehella), 12 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon "Saigon," ....... % ounce. 
 
 Nutmeg, Yi ounce. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, • • 3 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
 hol with 3 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 3 pints of the 
 liquid, pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it the 
 remainder of the liquid and set in a warm place for two days, then 
 heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 Water to the drug after the liquid has all disappeared from the surface 
 of the drugs, and continuing the percolation with Water until 7 'j 
 pints have been obtained ; to this add the Sugar and Spirit of Nitre; 
 dissolve and filter. 
 
 This may be made from the fluid extracts, instead of the drugs, 
 as follows : Fluid Extract Cramp Bark, Fluid Extract Falsi 
 corn, Fluid Extract Senna, each 8 fl. ounces. Fluid Extract Mitehella 
 12 flounces, Fluid Extract Catnep 4 flounces, Spirit of Nitrous 
 Ether 4 tl. ounces, Oil of Cassia 20 minims, Oil of Nutmeg 30 min- 
 ims, Sugar 8 ounces av., Alcohol 2 pints. Water sufficient to make 1 
 gallon. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts and Spirit of Nitre, dissolve the Oils in 
 
 the Alcohol and add to the solution _> pints of Water, mix this with 
 
 the Fluid Extracts, etc., dissolve the Sugar in the mixture and add 
 enough Water to make a gallon. 
 The dose of this preparation is from 1 to j teaspoonfuls four 
 
 times a day. 
 
1078 
 
 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4036. Aletris Cordial. 
 
 This is similar to the old eclectric preparation known as " Mothers' 
 Cordial." The following formula will make a satisfactory prep- 
 aration : 
 
 Unicorn Root (Aletris), 8 ounces. 
 
 Catnep Herb, 4 ounces. 
 
 Cramp Bark, 4 ounces. 
 
 Partridgeberry Leaves, 8 ounces. 
 
 Blue Cohosh, 2 ounces. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, 1 ounce. 
 
 Orange Peel, 1 ounce. 
 
 Caraway Seed, ^ ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 2^ pounds av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2^ pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate 24 hours with 
 the Alcohol mixed with an equal measure of Water, then percolate, 
 adding Water after the liquid has disappeared from the surface of 
 the drugs, and continue the percolation with Water until 6^ pints 
 of the liquid are obtained ; filter, dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate 
 and add enough Water to make a gallon of the finished cordial. 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful four times a day. 
 
 4037. Favorite Female Remedy. 
 
 Witch Hazel Bark, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Unicorn Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Catnep Herb, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Life Root Plant (Senecio Aureus), ... 4 ounces av. 
 
 Vervain Herb, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Black Haw Bark, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Nutmeg, Y% ounce av. 
 
 Sugar, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Spirits of Nitre, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 3 pints 
 of Water, moisten the drug with 2 pints of the mixture and pack 
 firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour the remainder of the mix- 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1079 
 
 ture upon the drugs and set in a warm place for two days, then heat 
 moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to 
 the drugs and continuing the heat and percolation until 7 pints are 
 obtained ; to this add the Spirits of Xitre, dissolve the Sugar in the 
 mixture, add enough Water to make a gallon, allow to stand a few 
 days and filter. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful four times a day. 
 
 4038. Female Pills. 
 
 Under this title a great many pills are found in the market, most 
 of them being indirectly advertised to "cure irregularity," and sold 
 at an exorbitant price. 
 
 A variety of formulas for Female Pills will be found among the 
 Pills, or the following may be used : 
 
 Ergotin, 100 grains. 
 
 Extract Hellebore, 50 grains. 
 
 Myrrh 50 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 50 grains. 
 
 Aloin, . 20 grains. 
 
 Make into 100 pills. 
 
 The dose is 1 to 3 pills two or three times a day. 
 
 HAIR DYES, RESTORATIVES, AND TONICS. 
 
 Preparations for the hair, to dye or change its color and promote 
 its growth, are extensively sold as proprietary remedies. The fol- 
 lowing formulas are the best of the kinds used for their purposes : 
 
 HAIR DYES. 
 
 4039. " Lightning Dye," Black, for the Hair and 
 Whiskers. 
 
 This is similar to the dye used by barbers. Ii is composed of a 
 mordant and a dye, as follows : 
 
 1 . MORDA N 1 . 
 
 Pyrogallic And . . 3 drachms. 
 
 hoi 5 fl.ou 
 
 Water . . . . 1 1 fl.ouncei 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
1080 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. . 
 
 NO. 2. BLACK DYE. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver (Crystals), 2 ounces av. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia, q. s., or about 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, q. s., or about 12 fi. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 fl. ounces of the distilled 
 Water and add 3 fl. ounces of Aqua Ammonia. This will produce 
 a dark brown, precipitate. Continue to add Aqua Ammonia in 
 small quantities until the precipitate is entirely redissolved, then 
 add enough distilled Water to make a pint. 
 
 In making this preparation for a black dye no more Aqua Ammo- 
 nia must be used than is necessary to dissolve the precipitate, for a 
 larger quantity than is necessary lightens the color. 
 
 4040. Lightning Dye — Brown. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia, q. s., or about 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), .... 3 drachms. 
 
 Water, q. s., or about 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 ounces of Water and add 
 Aqua Ammonia until the precipitate which is formed is dissolved ; 
 dissolve the Sal Soda in the solution and add enough Water to make 
 1 2 fl. ounces, and, after standing a few days, decant. 
 Use the same mordant for this dye as for the black. 
 To apply these dyes the hair or whiskers are first washed with 
 soda water or soap suds to remove any grease or oil, the mordant is 
 then applied and allowed to dry ; the dye is then put on carefully 
 with a tooth-brush or other convenient utensil and dried by fanning; 
 the hair, when dry, is then washed with soapsuds, to remove any 
 superfluous dye, and dried. 
 
 Stains on the skin may be removed by rubbing them with the fol- 
 lowing solution : 
 
 Sulphate of Potassium 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve. 
 
 4041. Hair Dye — Black. (One Preparation.) 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 2 ounces 
 
 Nitrate of Copper, 30 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, about 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, enough to make a pint. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1081 
 
 Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver and Copper in 8 ounces of distilled 
 Water and gradually add the Water of Ammonia until the precipi- 
 tate first formed is redissolved, then add sufficient distilled Water 
 to make a pint. 
 
 This dye may be used without a mordant. 
 
 4042. Blondine, or Golden Hair Coloring. 
 
 What is sold on the market for the purpose of bleaching the hair 
 or producing a blonde color is simply Peroxide of Hydrogen Solu- 
 tion. It cannot readily be prepared except in a chemical laboratory. 
 The hair is first washed in a weak solution of soda to remove any 
 grease or oil, and then dried by ironing it with a warm flat-iron. 
 The solution is then applied and dried in the same manner, several 
 applications often being necessary to produce the desired color. 
 
 HAIR RESTORATIVES. 
 
 These preparations, which are designed for changing gray hair 
 to its former natural color, have had a very extensive sale in past 
 years, and still sell considerably. They are generally made to serve 
 as invigorator and dressing for the hair as well as to restore the 
 color. They all act by the absorption of lead and sulphur, and 
 their conversion into sulphide of lead in the hair when exposed to 
 light. It is necessary that these preparations be protected from the 
 light. The following formulae make preparations similar to those 
 most popular in the market : 
 
 4043. Hair Renewer or Balsam. 
 
 Acetate of Lead i r j ounces av. 
 
 Lac Sulphur (Precipitated Sulphur), ... 2 ounces av. 
 
 Tincture of Cantharides 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol '-• pint. 
 
 Oil of Citronella, - 1 fl.drachms. 
 
 oil of Bergamot 1 fl.drachm. 
 
 Water, suffii ient u> make a gallon, 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Glycerin and Tincture 
 of Cantharides and mix with the Water, then add the Sulphur and 
 A( < tate "I I .ead. 
 
1082 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4044. Hair Vigor or Vitalizer. 
 
 Precipitated (Lac) Sulphur 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nitrate of Lead i 1 /^ ounces av. 
 
 Tincture of Cantharides, 2 fi. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol, y 2 pint. 
 
 Oil of Lavender, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Essential Oil of Almonds, 30 minims. 
 
 Water, enough to make a gallon. 
 Mix the Sulphur and the Lead and add to half a gallon of the 
 Water, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Tincture of Can- 
 tharides and Glycerin and add to the mixture ; then add enough 
 Water to make a gallon. The Nitrate of Lead is to be preferred 
 to the Acetate on account of the disagreeable odor of the Acetate. 
 If the odor of rose is preferred to Lavender, 3 pints of Rose Water 
 may be used, the Oil of Lavender being omitted. 
 
 4045. Hair Renovator. 
 
 Acetate or Nitrate of Lead, iJ-2 ounce av. 
 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium, 5 ounces av. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol, y 2 pint. 
 
 Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Essential Oil or Almonds, Yi fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, y 2 fl. drachm. 
 
 Rose Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Dissolve the Lead and Hyposulphite of Sodium, each separately, 
 in 2 pints of hot Water and mix the solutions ; dissolve the Oils in 
 the Alcohol, add 2 pints of Water and rub with half ounce Carbon- 
 ate of Magnesium in a mortar, filter and add the filtrate to the 
 other mixture, then add the Glycerin and enough Water to make a 
 gallon. 
 
 This makes a preparation without sediment, which is much cleaner 
 to use than those containing the Precipitated Sulphur. It must be 
 kept from the light. 
 
 4046. Hair Restorer. (Two Preparations.) 
 
 The following is similar to several preparations .that have been 
 put upon the market, containing two bottles. It has no particular 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1083 
 
 advantage over Xo. 4044, except that the bottles may be exposed to 
 light without causing precipitation. 
 
 NO. I SOLUTION. 
 
 Hyposulphite of Sodium 2 ounces av. 
 
 Rose Water 1 pint. 
 
 Water 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol, yi pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 Xo. 2 SOLUTION. 
 
 Xitrate of Lead, ... 1 ounce av. 
 
 Glycerin 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Distilled Water, 3 pints. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 Apply Xo. 1 solution to the hair and allow to dry, then applv Xo. 
 2 solution, rubbing it in thoroughly with a hair brush. 
 
 4047. Mrs. Allen's Hair Restorer. 
 
 From analyses of this preparation, conducted separately by Witt- 
 stein and Musset, it is shown to contain Sulphur, Sugar of Lead, and 
 Glycerin, with aromatic water. The following formula very nearly 
 corresponds with the analysis : 
 
 Lac Sulphur 135 grains. 
 
 Acetate of Lead 190 grains. 
 
 ( rlycerin, 3^ fl ounces. 
 
 Water, ..11 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cologne or bulk perfume, .... 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. 
 This is one of the oldest and best known I lair Restorers. 
 
 HAIR TONICS. 
 
 4048. Katharion Tonic. 
 
 Castor Oil \ fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture Cantharides ( 1 S80), 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Tannic Acid, 30 grains. 
 
 ( Ml ( Ttronella 30 minims. 
 
 Oil Bergamol 30 minims. 
 
 ( )il ( lloves 40 minims. 
 
 Oil Lavender Flowers ... 60 minims. 
 
 ( )il Rosemary, 60 minims. 
 
 Alcohol 1 - fl.ounces. 
 
 M t 
 
1084 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4049. Hair Tonic. 
 
 Tincture of Cantharides 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Cologne, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Borax 2 drachms. 
 
 Bay Rum, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 This is an excellent tonic, shampoo, or dressing : 
 
 4050. Hair Lotion or Wash. 
 
 To prevent the Hair from falling out and promote its growth. 
 
 Tincture Cantharides, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Bay Rum, 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rose Water, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This is applied as a lotion for baldness, etc., also as 
 a dressing. 
 
 4051. Carboline Hair Grower. 
 
 Neutral Paraffin Oil 1 pint. 
 
 Cantharides Tincture, 4 fl. drachms 
 
 Euphorbium, 20 grains. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cassia, 20 drops. 
 
 Ori of Cloves, 5 drops. 
 
 Heat the Euphorbium and Tincture of Cantharides for 2 hours 
 with the Paraffin Oil, then strain and add the other Oils. This is 
 used for promoting the growth of the hair, baldness, etc. It should 
 be rubbed thoroughly on the scalp. 
 
 HEART PREPARATIONS. 
 
 The sale for proprietary heart medicines has never been large, for 
 the reason that people who have any trouble with this organ, if pos- 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1085 
 
 sible, seek the advice of physicians. A very few preparations for 
 heart troubles are found on the market, all similar in composition. 
 
 4052. Heart Corrector or Regulator. 
 
 Digitalis, in coarse powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, 1 ounce. 
 
 American Hellebore (veratrum-viride), ... 2 drachms. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Percolate the drugs with the Diluted Alcohol until a pint of Tinc- 
 ture is obtained. The dose is from ){ to 1 teaspoonful for palpita- 
 tion or other disturbances of the heart. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE COMPOUNDS. 
 
 The Compounds of Hypophosphites are considerably sold as 
 proprietary medicines, some special makes being quite popular, but 
 as they have been noticed under solutions, emulsions, malt prepara- 
 tions, syrups and other headings, it will be unnecessary to give fur- 
 ther formulas for them in this department. 
 
 INHALANTS AND INHALERS. 
 
 Inhalants are designed to be used, by being vaporized in Inhalers 
 v designed for that purpose, ami are employed for the relief 
 
 or cure of asthma, catarrh, colds, bronchitis, hay-fever, and 
 diseases affecting the air passages. A greal variety of Inhalers arc 
 made, the most convenient and practical beingthose which admit of 
 the passage of air through tubes of paper, wood, or other absorbing 
 substance or loose fibrous material which is saturated with the In- 
 halant. The air then being drawn through these saturated tube-, or 
 
 substances carries the vapor of the Inhalant to the diseased part, 
 
 where it exerts its curative action. Other forms of Inhalers are 
 
 those by which a current of air is made to pass through a solution 
 of some volatile medicinal substance contained in a bottle, 
 
1086 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 The following Inhalants may be put up as proprietary. 
 
 4053. Carbolate of Iodine Inhalant. 
 
 Carbolic Acid (Crystals), 120 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture Iodine, 3 drachms. 
 
 Camphor, in powder 90 grains. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s. 
 Dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the Glycerin, add the Tincture of 
 
 Iodine and Camphor, and then add Water of Ammonia drop by 
 drop until the solution is nearly colorless. 
 
 4054. Excelsior Inhalant. 
 
 Carbolic Acid (Crystals), 1% ounce av. 
 
 Camphor, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus, . . . . . % fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Tar, . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 This is an excellent Inhalant and may be put up by any other 
 name than the one in the title. It is used for catarrh, etc. 
 
 4055. Menthol Inhalant. 
 
 Menthol Inhalers are made by enclosing crystallized Menthol or 
 pip-menthol loosely packed in a glass tube which may be opened at 
 both ends. The air being inhaled through the tube is charged with 
 the menthol vapor. They are used chiefly for headache. A solu- 
 tion of Menthol may also be prepared by dissolving 1 ounce of 
 Menthol in 8 ounces of Alcohol. This may be used with any of the 
 ordinary forms of tubular inhalers. 
 
 INJECTIONS. 
 
 Injections which are sold as proprietary remedies are mostly for 
 private diseases, but in regular pharmacy Hypodermic Injections of 
 Apo-morphine, Ergotin and Morphine are official in the Br. P., and 
 many others are prescribed or employed by physicians in their prac- 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1087 
 
 tice. In this department the proprietary injections only will be 
 noticed. 
 
 4056. Injection Brou. 
 
 Acacia, in coarse powder ' . 2 drachms. 
 
 Calamine, . . 1 drachm. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc, 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Opium and Saffron, .... 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 Dissolve the Acacia and Acetate of Zinc in the Water and tritu- 
 rate with the Calamine in a mortar, then add the tinctures. This is 
 to be shaken before using. Ordinary Laudanum may be used in- 
 stead of the Tincture of Opium and Saffron. 
 
 4057. Rose Injection or Rose Wash. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Glycerin, i fl.ounce. 
 
 Rose Water, 14 tl. ounces. 
 
 M i.\ them. 
 
 4058. Compound Hydrastis Injection. 
 Fluid Hydrastis, or Aqueous Fl. Extract 
 
 Hydrastis. 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 1 drachm. 
 
 Glycerin i tl. ounce. 
 
 rincture of Catechu 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Rose Water 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix them. 
 
 IODIDE ALTERATIVES. 
 The following preparations have hern popular as proprietary 
 medicines with published formulas of composition, and, sold mainly 
 1 ription of physicians. 
 
 4059. Iodide of Potassium Elixir Compound. 
 
 •• lodia " Alterative Elixir. 
 Under the name " lodia," Battle & Co., Chemists, Corporation of 
 
 St. Louis, have mide and sold an alterative preparation, claiming it 
 
1088 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 to contain certain alterative preparations combined with Iodide of 
 Potassium and Phosphate of Iron. A good preparation of this 
 kind, containing similar ingredients as is claimed for this, may be 
 made as follows : 
 
 Stillingia, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Prickly-Ash Bark, % ounce - 
 
 Saxafraga, 1 ounce. 
 
 Yellow Parilla, 1 ounce. 
 
 Blue Flag, % ounce. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron (Scale salt 1880), . .128 grains. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 16 n. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the powdered drugs and percolate with the diluted Alcohol 
 first, and then with Water until 15 fl. ounces are obtained. Dis- 
 solve the Iodide of Potassium in the tincture and the Iron Salt 
 in 1 ounce of hot Water, and gradually add the tincture to the Iron 
 solution and after standing filter. 
 
 By using tasteless " Tincture of Iron " a better preparation may 
 be made. 
 
 4060. Elixir Iodides and Bromides of Calcium Compound. 
 " Elixir Iodo-Bromidc of Calcium Compound." 
 Under the title " Elixir Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound," 
 Tilden & Co. of New Lebanon, have had an extensive sale for an 
 alterative compound, claiming to contain many valuable Alterative 
 Salts and medicines. This is noted on page 292. The following 
 formula is suggested by C. S. Hallberg of Chicago, in a paper read 
 before the Illinois Pharmaceutical Association at Bloomington, 111., 
 October 1, 1884 : 
 
 Calcium Bromide, . . . . 256 grains. 
 
 Sodium Iodide, 256 grains. 
 
 Potassium Iodide, 256 grains. 
 
 Magnesium Chloride, 256 grains. 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound, ... 2 ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound, ... 2 ounces. 
 
 Elixir Orange, 4 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces. 
 
 Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 Dissolve the Salts in the Water, add the Sugar, and to this syrup 
 add the fluid extracts previously mixed with the Elixir Orange. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 10S9 
 
 After standing two days filter, adding Water to make the measure 
 16 fi.ounces. 
 
 KIDNEY AND LIVER REMEDIES. 
 
 Many of the remedies which are designed to act on the Kidneys 
 and Liver are noticed under ofher headings, and only those which 
 are known in the market by the name of Kidney and Liver Reme- 
 dies or Cures, or by other similar titles are included in this section. 
 
 There has always been a good demand for proprietary remedies for 
 diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urinary organs. In the earlier 
 days, Vaughn's Lithontriptic and Constitution Water were popular. 
 More recently, Helmbold's and other Buchus had a big run ; still 
 more lately Diuretic Elixirs of various kinds have had their day, 
 and now a large family of Liver and Kidney Remedies have swept 
 everything else out of the way, and are having the market all to 
 themselves. So extensively have some of these late remedies been 
 advertised and pushed, that it is now difficult to find a man, woman, 
 var child who has not some serious kidney difficulty. 
 
 In making the formulae for those preparations we would have pre- 
 ferred to confine their use to the kidneys, bladder, and urinary 
 organs, but we must follow the fashion and include the liver also. 
 
 The formulae which follow make preparations similar to those 
 most popular in the market, and are representative of different 
 kinds of kidney and liver remedies. 
 
 4061. Diuretic Cordial, Kidney and Liver Remedy. 
 Liverwort, herb (Hepatica), 16 ounces av. 
 
 Dandelion Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Digitalis, leaves 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hydrangea Knot, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Wintergreen, herb, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, \2 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, i'j pints. 
 
 Menthol, 5 grains. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Grind the herbs, etc., to a coarse powder and, having mixed the 
 
 Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 2 pints of 
 
 the mixture and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to 
 
 the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it the r< 
 
 tier of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day; then heat 
 
1090 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 Water through the percolator after the liquid has disappeared from 
 the surface, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7^ pints 
 have passed ; in this dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium and Sugar, 
 and, after standing 'a few days, filter. 
 
 This may be made by the ordinary method of percolation instead 
 of by water-bath, but the latter is preferable. 
 
 If it is desired to use fluid extracts instead of the drugs, the for- 
 mula is as follows : Fluid Extract of Liverwort 16 fl. ounces, Fluid 
 Extract of Dandelion 8 fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Hydrangea 4 
 fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Digitalis 1 fl. ounce, Essence of Winter- 
 green 1 fl. drachm, Nitrate of Potassium 3 ounces av., Sugar 12 
 ounces av., Alcohol 10 fl. ounces, Menthol 5 grains, Water 5 pints. 
 
 Mix the Fluid Extracts, Alcohol, and Water, add the Essence of 
 Wintergreen and Menthol, dissolve the Sugar and Nitre in the 
 liquid, and filter. 
 
 This is very similar to, but considerably stronger than, the " Safe " 
 cure. The usual dose is from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoqnful, 
 the latter containing about 5 grains of Nitrate of Potassium. 
 
 4062. Kidney and Liver Remedy. 
 
 Dandelion Root, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Buchu Leaves, short, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Liverwort, herb, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
 hol with 4 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 2 pints of the 
 mixture and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to 
 the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it the 
 remainder of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day, then 
 heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 Water to the drugs after the liquid has disappeared, and continuing 
 the heat and percolation until 7 pints have passed ; to this add the 
 Spirit of Nitre and the Sugar, and enough Water to make a gallon, 
 and, after standing a few days, strain. 
 
 This may be made by the ordinary method of percolation instead 
 of by water-bath. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 1091 
 
 It may be made from fluid extracts by taking Fluid Extract of 
 Dandelion 12 fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Buchu S fl. ounces, Fluid 
 Extract of Liverwort S fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Hydrangea 4 
 fl. ounces, Spirit of Nitre, sweet, 8 fl. ounces, Sugar 12 ounces av., 
 Alcohol 1 pint, Water \% pints. 
 
 Mix, dissolve the Sugar, and filter. 
 
 4063. Buchu Compound. 
 
 Buchu Leaves, short 12 ounces av. 
 
 Juniper Berries, S ounces av. 
 
 Liverwort, herb, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Acetate of Potassium, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 2>4 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
 hol with 4 pints of Water, moisten them with 2 pints of the mixture 
 and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the 
 water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them the remain- 
 der of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day, then heat 
 very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
 Water to the drugs after the liquid has disappeared from the sur- 
 face, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7% pints have 
 passed ; in this dissolve the Sugar and Acetate of Potassium and, 
 after standing a few days, filter. 
 
 This is somewhat similar to the Diuretic Elixir, Buchu, Juniper, 
 and Acetate of Potassium, which has been quite popular. 
 
 4064. Nephritic Compound. 
 
 Buchu Leaves, short, 12 ounces av. 
 
 Hydrangea Root, . 12 ounces av. 
 
 Digitalis Leaves, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Juniper Berries, S ounces av. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Essence of Wintergreen, 1 B.ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, moisten them with sufficient 
 Alcohol and Water mixed in equal quantities by measure, and 
 
1092 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 macerate for 24 hours, then transfer to a water-bath percolator, pack 
 firmly, cover with a mixture of equal measures of Alcohol and 
 Water, heat moderately and percolate with the same until the quan- 
 tity of Alcohol which is directed has been used ; then add Water to 
 the drugs, and continue the percolation, until one gallon of the 
 percolate is obtained. Dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium in this 
 and filter. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful as a remedy for 
 kidney troubles. 
 
 4065. Kidney and Liverwort Tea. 
 
 Liverwort, herb, cut, 8 ounces. 
 
 Dandelion Root, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Digitalis Leaves, cut, ^ ounce. 
 
 Hydrangea Root, cut, 2 ounces. 
 
 Wintergreen, herb, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Peppermint, herb, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, powder, 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and put up in packages, holding about 2 ounces. 
 
 Directions for use : Steep the contents of the package in a quart of 
 
 water, with gentle heat, for two hours, then strain off i}4 pints, and 
 
 add to it half a pint of alcohol and 2 ounces of sugar. Adult dose 
 
 of this preparation a wine-glass full (1 flounce ), four times a day. 
 
 Kidncywort. — A proprietary medicine by this title is put up by 
 Wells, Richardson & Co. of Burlington, Vt., both in a liquid and 
 dry form. The dry Kidneywort is a mixture of drugs, as dandelion, 
 hydrangea, etc., and extracts of other drugs, with roasted beans 
 coarsely ground. The liquid contains the strength of similar 
 medicinal ingredients. 
 
 LINIMENTS. 
 
 Proprietary preparations that are sold as Liniments may naturally 
 be divided into two classes : A, those intended for internal and ex- 
 ternal use, and B, those intended for external use only. The former 
 are used the same as the Balms and Pain Killers as general pana- 
 ceas, and consist mostly of oils or volatile substances dissolved in 
 Alcohol or similar solvents ; the latter are usually mixtures of 
 volatile oil and substances with some fixed or mineral oil, and are 
 used externally for pain, swellings, sores, etc. 
 
 The following formulse are representatives of popular liniments. 
 Others will be found under other headings throughout this work. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 1093 
 
 CLASS A. — For External and Internal Use. 
 
 4066. Arnica Liniment. 
 
 Arnica Flowers, . 16 ounces av. 
 
 Smartweed Herb, 18 ounces av. 
 
 Marigold Flowers, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, y? fl. ounce. 
 
 Camphor, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alcohol, 7 pints. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make a gallon. 
 Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and pack firmly in the water- 
 bath percolator. Pour upon them 4 pints of alcohol, and macerate 
 in a warm place for 24 hours, then heat very moderately for one 
 hour, and begin to percolate slowly, adding first the remaining three 
 pints of alcohol, and when it has disappeared from the surface con- 
 tinue the percolation with water until 7^ pints have passed. To 
 this percolate add the oils and the camphor and dissolve ; filter if 
 necessary. This is for external or internal use. 
 
 4067. Cocaine Liniment. 
 
 Hydrochlorate of Cocaine, 30 grains. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. The dose is 20 to 30 minims. It is also used 
 externally for pains, etc. 
 
 4068. Eclectric Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Origanum 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock 4 fl.oum 
 
 Oil of Turpentine 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl.oum 
 
 Oil of Amber )z fl.ounce. 
 
 Camphor, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Capsicum ia fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Myrrh in fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Waur of Ammonia 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Mix and macerate for 7 days, then filter. 
 For external or internal use. 
 
1094 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4069. Indian Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil of Pennyroyal, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 2 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 26 ounces. 
 
 Mix them. This is a popular general panacea for pain, colic, etc. 
 Dose 20 to 30 minims or more. 
 
 4070. Menthol Liniment. 
 
 Menthol, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 4 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 27 ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. This is used externally for pain, rheumatism, 
 headache, etc., and may be taken in doses of 20 to 30 minims. 
 
 4071. "Ready Relief." 
 
 Druggists have no right to use the title " Ready Relief " on their 
 labels and wrappers, as it is claimed as proprietary by Radway & 
 Co. This formula, however, makes a similar preparation. 
 
 Camphor, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Capsicum, .8 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 2 flounces. 
 
 Stronger Waters of Ammonia, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix and macerate for a week, shaking daily, then filter. 
 
 4072. Thymol-Chloral Liniment. 
 
 Thymol 1 ounce. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 4 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 26 ounces. 
 
 Mix, dissolve and filter. For rheumatism, pain, etc. Dose 20 to 
 30 minims when taken. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1095 
 
 4073. Smartweed Compound or Extract. 
 
 Smartweed, leaves or herb, 20 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Water, 2 pints. 
 
 Camphor, 6 drachms. 
 
 Oil Hemlock, ) , 
 
 1 - each, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Sassafras, ) 
 
 Grind the Smartweed to a coarse powder, and moisten it with 1 
 pint of the Alcohol ; pack tightly in a percolator, and pour upon it 
 the remaining Alcohol ; cover closely and allow to stand four days ; 
 begin the percolation, and when no more Alcohol remains on top of 
 drug, add the water. When the liquid has ceased to drop, press 
 out what remains in the drug in the percolator, and add to the last 
 portion. 
 
 In the 4 pints first obtained by percolation (before the Water is 
 added to the drug in the percolator), dissolve the Camphor and 
 Oils, and when the last portion of the percolate and that from the 
 pressure is obtained, add it gradually to the portion in which the 
 Oils, etc., have been dissolved, and filter, adding Alcohol enough to 
 make 1 gallon. For external and internal use. 
 
 4074. Wizard Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, S fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 2 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, 1 flounce 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Camphor 2 ounc< 
 
 Alcohol sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 For internal or external use. 
 
 Under the title Wizard oil, Wizard Liniment, Wizard Balm, 
 Golden Relief, Golden Oil, and by many other similar names, a 
 .lass..!" preparations for internal and external use are largely sold. 
 In the preceding pages many good formulas for such preparations 
 
 will be found under various titles. They are mostly compounds of 
 aromatic oils with camphor and chloroform or ether, and 
 
 prompt and diffusive remedies to relieve cramp, pain, colic. The 
 
 profit on these preparations is large, and as they may readily be pre- 
 pared there is no reason why druggists should not as well secure it 
 to themselves as to pay it to others. 
 
1096 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4075. Eclectric Oil. 
 
 The following formula has been published as similar to Thomas'. 
 
 Camphor, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Oil Gaultheria, ^2 ounce. 
 
 Oil Origanum ^4 ounce. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 ounce. 
 
 Laudanum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Sassafras 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Hemlock, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Turpentine, 1 ounce. 
 
 Balsam Fir, 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture Guaiacum 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture Catechu 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 pints. 
 
 Alkanet, sufficient to color. 
 
 Several other formulas are given in this work which make prep- 
 arations similar to this. 
 
 CLASS B. — For External Use only. 
 
 4076. Fluid Lightning. 
 
 Aconitia, 1 grain. 
 
 Essential Oil of Mustard 1 drachm. 
 
 Glycerin 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 This is a valuable external preparation for headache, neuralgia, 
 rheumatism, and all nervous pains. 
 
 4077. "Gargling Oil" Liniment. 
 
 Camphor, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Amber, 2 fi. ounces. 
 
 Origanum Oil, 1 flounce. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 3 pints. 
 
 Crude Petroleum Oil, 4 pints. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 This is somewhat like but we think a much better preparation 
 than Gargling Oil. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1097 
 
 4078. Iodide of Ammonium Liniment. 
 
 Iodine, 1 drachm. 
 
 Camphor, J4 ounce. 
 
 Oil Rosemary, ) , a 1 
 
 , _., ' c each, 2 drachms. 
 
 Oil Lavender, ) 
 
 Water of Ammonia, q. s.. or 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol , 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol and add the Camphor and the 
 Oils, then add Water of Ammonia enough to remove the dark color 
 of the mixture, or change it to a light straw color. 
 
 4079. Mexican Liniment. 
 
 Olive Oil, 2 pints. 
 
 Camphor, 2 ounces. 
 
 Oil Origanum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Sassafras, 1 ounce. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 8 ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Camphor in the Oils and mix well with the Water of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 4080. Nerve and Bone Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary .1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Amber, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Camphor 4 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine 3 pints. 
 
 Linseed Oil, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4081. Ready Oil Liniment. 
 
 ( )il < Origanum 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 ( HI Sassafras 1 A.qi 
 
 Oil 1 teralock 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 ( >il Peppermint, ... 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Chloroform, ... 1 fl. drachms. 
 
 ( lamphor 1 ounce av. 
 
 il Paraffin ' >il 1 2 fl.ounces 
 
 Mix the* Oils and dissolve the Camphor in the mixture. Cotton- 
 Seed < HI or Linseed < »il may be used instead of the Paraffin < HI. 
 'This is a good general Oil Liniment. 
 
1098 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4082. Rheumatic Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 6 flounces. 
 
 Oil of Origanum, . 4 flounces. 
 
 Oil of Cedar, 2 ft. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Amber, 1 ft. ounce. 
 
 Camphor, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 This is said to be quite similar to the popular preparation known 
 as " St. Jacob's Oil." 
 
 4083. "Spavin Cure." 
 
 This comes properly under the head of Liniments, but it is chiefly 
 used in veterinary practice. It is, however, an excellent absorbent 
 liniment for man or beast. An excellent application for swellings or 
 lameness of any kind, but it must not be used internally. 
 
 Camphor, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Iodine, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury, 30 grains. 
 
 Oil of Spike, 2 flounces. 
 
 Oil of Amber, 2 ft. drachms. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4084. Veterinary Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Amber, 2 flounces. 
 
 Camphor, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Tar, 2 flounces. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, . 4 fl. ounces.- 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 2 pints. 
 
 Crude Petroleum, 5 pints. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 NERVINES, HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES. 
 
 Nervines and Sedatives, as a class, do not have a large sale as 
 proprietary medicines, which is rather strange considering the prev- 
 alence of nervous diseases. It is to be inferred that persons thus 
 afflicted either apply to their physician, or purchase some nervine of 
 their druggist with which they have become familiar. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1099 
 
 It would seem from these conditions that there is a good opening 
 for a proprietary nervine, which druggists may themselves prepare 
 and put before their patrons. 
 
 Many formulas for such preparations are given throughout this 
 work, but the following are calculated, particularly, to put up as 
 proprietary : 
 
 4085. Nervine Tonic. 
 
 Scullcap, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Hops, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Valerian, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonium, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the powders, and having mixed the Alcohol with 3 pints of 
 Water, pour upon them 2 pints of the liquid and macerate for 24 
 hours, in a warm place ; then transfer to the water-bath percolator, 
 pack firmly, pour upon it the remaining Alcohol and Water, and set 
 in a warm place for one day ; then heat very moderately, and after 
 one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs when the 
 liquid has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat 
 and percolation until 7 pints have passed ; to this add the Ether 
 and dissolve in the liquid, by agitation, the Bromide of Ammonium 
 and Sugar. This is an excellent tonic nervine for general nervous 
 depression and irritation, nervous headache, neuralgia, sleeplessness, 
 epilepsy, etc. 
 
 The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoohful, as required. 
 
 4086. Nervine Elixir. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonium 1 ' 4 ounce av. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, %. ounce av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Valerian i fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus i fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Coca i fl.ounce. 
 
 Syrup, 2 fl.ounces, 
 
 Elixir simple, enough to make . . . . i pint 
 
 Mix the liquids and dissolve the sails in the mixture ; after stand 
 
 ing -• 1 hours filter. This is an excellent nervine and Anodyne 
 
1100 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 Elixir, for nervousness, pain, neuralgia, hysteria, and all " nervous " 
 troubles. 
 
 Dose, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, as required. 
 
 4087. Sedative Nervine Elixir. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 
 
 Valerianate of Ammonium, 256 grains. 
 
 Fluid Extract Valerian, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Hops, ]/?, fl. ounce. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, simple, enough to make .... 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the salts in the Elixir and Syrup, add the Fluid Extracts 
 and the Water of Ammonia, let stand a day or two and filter. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 4088. Celery Compound. 
 
 Several preparations of Celery compounded with other Nervines 
 have had a good sale as proprietary medicines, under various titles, 
 as " Celerina," Celery Cordial, Celery Compound, etc. 
 
 The following formula will make a satisfactory preparation : 
 
 Celery Seed, .1 ounce av. 
 
 Coca Leaves, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Black Haw Bark, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Leaves, }4 ounce av. 
 
 Orange Peel, 2 drachms. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., to make 1 pint. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 6 ounces 
 of Water, pour upon the drugs enough of the diluted Alcohol to 
 cover, and macerate for 24 hours ; then heat moderately and perco- 
 late, adding Water through the percolator until 14 fl.ounces are 
 obtained ; in this dissolve the sugar and filter. The dose is a tea- 
 spoonful to a dessertspoonful or more as a nerve tonic. 
 
 4089. Chloral-Bromide Compound. 
 
 " Bromidia." 
 Under the title " Bromidia," which is claimed as a trade-mark, 
 Battle & Co., Chemists, Corporation of St. Louis, Mo., have pre- 
 pared and extensively sold a preparation intended to be used as a 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 1101 
 
 nervine, sedative, and hypnotic. The following formula is based 
 upon the qualitative composition of the preparation as published by 
 them, but druggists are warned by them not to sell nor dispense 
 any preparation other than their own as " Bromidia." 
 
 Chloral, crystallized, 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 
 
 Extract Cannabis Indica, 
 
 Extract Hyoscyamus 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 
 
 Dissolve the Extracts in 4 ounces of boiling 
 
 4 ounces av. 
 
 4 ounces av. 
 16 grains. 
 16 grains. 
 
 1 pint. 
 Water, rub the solu- 
 
 tion with 1 drachm of Carbonate of Magnesium and filter. Dis- 
 solve the Bromide of Potassium in 8 ounces of boiling Water and 
 add the Chloral, mix the solutions and add Water enough to make 
 1 pint. This may be colored a little with a few grains Extract of 
 Liquorice if desired. Uose 15 to 30 drops. 
 
 4090. Bromides Compound. 
 
 A number of preparations of Bromides are sold as proprietary, 
 as "Peacock's Bromides," and by other titles. The following 
 formula makes a preparation similar to those found in the market. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Sodium, 640 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonium, 3S4 grains. 
 
 . Bromide of Calcium, 192 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Lithium, 64 grains. 
 
 Water 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Extract of Vanilla, 1 flounce. 
 
 Sugar, 10 ounces av. 
 
 Rub the Bromides to a coarse powder. Mix the Water ami 
 Extract of Vanilla and dissolve the Salts in the mixture; filter and 
 dissolve the Sugar in the nitrate by agitation. 
 Dose 1 to 2 fl. drachms in water. 
 
 4091. Chlorodyne. 
 
 Chloroform 
 
 Fluid Extract < lannabis Endica, 
 
 Spirit of Ether 
 
 Tincture < >pium deodorized, . 
 I [ydrocyanic A< id 1 1 '. S. P.), 
 ( Heoresin of ' lapsii um, . . . 
 Dissolve the oleoresin in the Chlorofora 
 
 and mix. 
 
 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 1 '.• fl. ounce. 
 
 1 '.• ll. ounce. 
 
 3 ll. drachms. 
 
 3 minims. 
 
 Id the Spiril of Ether, 
 
1102 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4092. Chlorodyne. 
 
 Chloroform, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid (U. S. P.), 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Tincture Capsicum, 4 -fl. drachms. 
 
 Mucilage Acacia, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 8 minims. 
 
 Treacle (Molasses), 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix the Chloroform with the Mucilage Acacia, add the Oil of 
 Peppermint and Syrup and shake them well together. Dissolve 
 the Sulphate of Morphine in the Tincture of Capsicum, and add to 
 the mixture, and lastly add the Hydrocyanic Acid and mix. This 
 is quite similar to the popular English Brown's Chlorodyne. It 
 must be shaken before taking. The dose is 10 to 20 minims. 
 
 4093. Chlorodynia. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 15 grains. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Cannabis Indica, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, U. S. P., 15 minims. 
 
 Peppermint Essence, 15 minims. 
 
 Mix the liquids and dissolve the Morphine Salt in the mixture. 
 This is one of the best forms of Chlorodyne, as it makes a clear 
 preparation, not required to be shaken when taken. The dose is 
 10 to 30 minims. 
 
 OINTMENTS AND SALVES. 
 
 The sales of proprietary salves and ointments are perhaps as fre- 
 quent as of almost any class of proprietary medicines ; and, although 
 but few sell for more than twenty-five cents, the aggregate of sales 
 is large. A great variety of these remedies are on the market ; but, 
 with the exception of a very few, the public are not particular as to 
 the preparation they have, provided, only, it is good for the pur- 
 pose. Druggists can, therefore, put up their own ointments and 
 salves from reliable formulas, and if the preparation is good, and the 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1103 
 
 packages attractive, can secure most of the sales of such articles for 
 their own preparations. 
 
 Many formulas are given under other headings. The following 
 are representatives of other popular ointments. 
 
 4094. Camphor Ice. 
 
 Paraffin, 8 ounces av. 
 
 White Petrolatum, 24 ounces av. 
 
 Camphor, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Xeroli, 5 minims. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almond, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 
 
 Melt the Paraffin and Petrolatum together, reduce the Camphor 
 to a coarse powder and dissolve it in the melted mixture, keeping at 
 as low a temperature as it can he without solidifying. When all is 
 dissolved strain while still fluid, add the perfuming oils and run in 
 molds. 
 
 4095. Carbolic Salve or Ointment. 
 
 Carbolic Acid (crystals), 1 ounce av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Wax and the Petrolatum together, and when cooling add 
 the Carbolic Acid, and mix them well together. This is a simple 
 Carbolic Ointment or Salve, useful for all purposes. Other medic- 
 inal agents an- frequently added, as Canada Balsam, or White Pine 
 Turpentine, say one ounce, to make it more stimulating for old 
 sores, etc. ; but the plain Carbolic Salve, as above prepared, meets 
 the general requirement. This is a very popular preparation, and 
 ha- only to be put up attractively to sell. 
 
 4096. Golden Ointment. 
 
 oil of < >riganum a fl.drachms. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Balsam of Fir % fl.ounce. 
 
 citrine t lintment, \ ounces av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Petrolatum 10 ounces av. 
 
 M,lt the solid ingredients together, and when cooling add the 
 oils ami Balsam, mixing them well together. 
 
1104 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4097. Healing Ointment. 
 
 White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl drachms. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Mix the solid ingredients together, and when cooling add the 
 Oils. 
 
 4098. Itch Ointment. 
 
 Lac Sulphur, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Naphthalin, 60 grains. 
 
 Oil Bergamot, 20 minims. 
 
 Petrolatum, 6 ounces. 
 
 Rub the Lac Sulphur to a fine powder and sift it into the melted 
 Petrolatum, stirring them well together, and when nearly cool add 
 the Naphthalin and Oil of Bergamot, stirring them well together 
 until cold. The same may be made without Naphthalin, if desired. 
 
 Red Precipitate Ointment is also much employed for the itch and 
 other parasitic skin diseases. This is usually made with Red Pre- 
 cipitate 1 ounce, Venice Turpentine 1 ounce, Yellow Wax 1 ounce, 
 Petrolatum 9 ounces. 
 
 4099. Menthol Ointment. 
 
 Menthol, . . . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, . . . • 1 ounce av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 6 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, and when cooling add the Menthol 
 and mix thoroughly. 
 
 4100. Pile Ointment. 
 
 Powdered Nutgalls, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Powdered Opium, 1 drachm. 
 
 Powdered Myrrh, 2 drachms. 
 
 Goulard's Extract, 4 fl.drachms. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, and while cooling add the other 
 ingredients, with constant stirring until cold. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1105 
 
 4101. Salt Rheum Ointment. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Pine Tar, % ounce av. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 
 
 White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce. 
 
 Solution Subacetate of Lead, . . . . l /> fl. ounce. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 
 
 Melt the solid ingredients together and while cooling incorporate 
 the Oils, Tar and Solution of Lead, stirring them well together 
 until cold. 
 
 4102. Skin Ointment. 
 
 This ointment is designed for any kind of skin eruption or "Ec- 
 zema" as it is popularly termed. For parasitic diseases, however, 
 the Itch or Tetter Ointment will be more efficacious. 
 
 Tincture of Benzoin, Compound 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Juniper Tar, .... 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 
 
 Resin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 1 drachm. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the solid ingredients, and while cooling add the liquids. 
 
 4103. Tetter Ointment. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Alum, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 
 
 Calomel, 1 ounce av. 
 
 White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 
 
 Petrolatum, . . 12 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Petrolatum and Turpentine together, and when cooling 
 
 add the other ingredients previously mixed, and stir them together 
 constantly until cold. 
 
 4104. Thymol Ointment. 
 
 Thymol, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together, and when COOling add the 
 
 Thymol, stirring them well together. 
 
1106 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4105. Veterinary Ointment. 
 
 Citrine Ointment, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Oil Sassafras, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Resin, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Petrolatum, dark, 16 ounces av. 
 
 Melt the Petrolatum and Resin together, and while cooling add 
 the Citrine Ointment and Oil of Sassafras. 
 
 PECTORALS. 
 
 Pectorals might very properly be classed under Cough Remedies, 
 but as there are a few preparations known more particularly as Pec- 
 torals, they are included under this heading. 
 
 4106. Cherry Pectoral. 
 
 Acetate of Morphine, 6 grains. 
 
 Tincture of Sanguinaria, 4 fl. drachms. 
 
 Wine of Ipecac, 6 fl. drachms. 
 
 Wine of Antimony, 6 fl. drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil Bitter Almond, 5 drops. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, U. S. P., 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and after standing a few days filter clear. 
 This preparation is quite similar to Ayer's. The dose is 15 drops 
 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 4107. Pectoral Drops. Bateman's. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, ... 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Castor 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Cochineal, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 15 drops. 
 
 Mix them. This is supposed to be the original formula. The 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy give the following formula as a 
 substitute : Camphor, Catechu, powdered Opium and Red Saunders 
 Wood, each 2 ounces av., Oil of Anise 4 fl.drachms, proof Spirit 4 
 gallons. Digest 10 days and filter. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 1107 
 
 4108. Pectoral or Cough Pills. 
 
 Ipecac, in powder, . 100 grains. 
 
 Squill, in powder, ...... ... 50 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 3 grains. 
 
 Tartar Emetic 6 grains. 
 
 Extract Hyoscyamus, 100 grains. 
 
 Make 100 pills. The dose is one or two pills. 
 
 4109. Pectoral Tea or Hamburg Tea. 
 
 Brust- Thee. 
 
 Althaea Root, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 Mullein Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Senna Leaves, cut, 1 ounce. 
 
 American Saffron, J4 ounce. 
 
 Malva Flowers, cut, 3 ounces. 
 
 Blue Flowers (Asters or Bachelor Button), . % ounce. 
 
 Fennel Seed, bruised, '2 ounce. 
 
 Anise Seed, bruised, )? ounce. 
 
 Granulated Sugar, ) 2 ounce. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. This is usually put up in packages of 
 about 2 ounces, a tablespooni'ul being steeped in two or three- cups 
 of boiling Water, and the infusion drank freely for influenza and 
 colds. 
 
 PILLS, PLASTERS AND POWDERS. 
 
 So many formulas for pills have been given under other headings 
 that it will be unnei essary to give any more in this department, 
 druggists will be able to selei 1 such as they wish from the formulas 
 already given. The manufacture of spread plasters is seldom 
 attempted exi ept by those who have establishments and machinery 
 Lily adapted for the purpose. There is now bul little sale for 
 sticking salves and plasters, and sufficient formulas for them will be 
 found under the heading "Emplastra." The formulas for powders 
 will be found under other headings, the Condition Powders being 
 
 the most important. 
 
1108 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 RHEUMATIC REMEDIES. 
 
 Proprietary remedies for Rheumatism, which are to be taken, are 
 quite salable preparations, and the market is not so overstocked 
 with them as with some other remedies. The following formulae 
 are representative of the various kinds. 
 
 4110. Rheumatic Remedy. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Black Cohosh, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Colchicum, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sugar, 1 pound av. 
 
 Water, 5 pints. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Mix the Oil of Wintergreen and the Fluid Extract with the Alco- 
 hol. Dissolve the Salts and the Sugar in the Water, mix the solu- 
 tion and allow to stand over night, then filter clear. This is an 
 excellent remedy, the dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 4111. Favorite Rheumatic Remedy. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Colchicum, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Spirit of Nitre, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Syrup Sarsaparilla, compound 1 pint. 
 
 Gin or Whisky, 12 fl. ounces. 
 
 Formulas similar to this are popular, and very good results are 
 usually obtained from their use. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
 dessertspoonful. 
 
 4112. Salicylica Rheumatic Remedy. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 5% ounces av. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Tincture of Colchicum Seed, 8 fl.ounces. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Syrup, 2 pints. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix the Salicylic Acid with 2 pints of Water in a gallon bottle 
 and gradually add the Bicarbonate of Sodium in small portions, at 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1109 
 
 intervals of a few moments, giving time for the effervescence to sub- 
 side before adding more. When all has been dissolved (which will 
 require about 2 hours), add the Alcohol in which the Wimergree n 
 Oil has been dissolved, and then the tincture and Syrup, and lastly 
 the Nitrate of Potassium and sufficient Water to make a gallon ; 
 after standing filter. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 
 
 4113. Salol Rheumatic Remedy. 
 
 Salol, 128 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, 12S grains. 
 
 Elixir, 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 Dose a dessertspoonful. 
 
 4114. Rheumatic Elixir. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum Seed 2 ounces av. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. Dose, from a dessertspoonful to a table- 
 spoonful. 
 
 4115. Rheumatic Cure. 
 
 Acetate of Potassium, 2^ ounces av. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum, 2 ll ounces. 
 
 Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix and dissolve. Dose from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 4116. Rheumatic Bitters — Powder. 
 
 Colchicum Root, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Black Cohosh Root, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 
 Prickly-Asb Hark, in tine powder, .... x /i ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, in fine powder jounce. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and put up in packages Or boxes of about i 
 
 ounce. The contents of the package to be .u\i\r<\ to a quarl of gin. 
 
1110 
 
 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4117. Rheumatic Remedy — Tea. 
 
 Black Cohosh Root, cut fine, 6 ounces. 
 
 Colchicum Root, cut fine, . . 4 ounces. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, cut fine, 2 ounces. 
 
 Prickly-Ash Bark, cut fine, 1 ounce. 
 
 Juniper Berries, crushed, 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassium, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and put up in packages of about 2 ounces, which 
 is sufficient for a quart of liquid medicine. It may be added to a 
 quart of Gin or Diluted Alcohol. 
 
 SARSAPARILLA COMPOUNDS. 
 
 Of all proprietary medicines the Sarsaparilla Compounds have 
 the largest sale. They are put up under various names and titles, 
 as alteratives, blood purifiers, blood searchers, blood cleansers, 
 medical discoveries, resolvents, etc., but are' best known and most 
 frequently sold under the name of " Sarsaparilla," although this is 
 considered medicinally the least valuable of the drugs composing 
 the preparation. In the preceding pages many good formulas for 
 Sarsaparilla preparations suitable for putting up will be found under 
 other headings. 
 
 The following are also given as representative of preparations of 
 this kind found in the market as proprietary medicines. 
 
 41 18. Sarsaparilla Compound. 
 
 With Iodide of Potassium. 
 This is one of the best and most common Sarsaparilla prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, . 
 Stillingia, in No. 40 powder, . . 
 Burdock Root, in No. 30 powder, 
 Blue Flag Root, in No. 20 powder, 
 Mandrake Root, in No. 50 powder, 
 Senna Leaves, in No. 20 powder, 
 Prickly-Ash Bark, in No. 50 powder 
 Iodide of Potassium, 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring, . 
 Diluted Alcohol, . . . 
 
 Sugar, 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make 
 
 8 
 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 8 
 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 3 
 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 1 
 
 y* 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 1 
 
 V-2 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 ounces av. 
 
 
 H 
 
 ounce av. 
 
 1 
 
 
 ounce av. 
 
 1 
 
 
 fl. ounce. 
 
 4 
 
 
 pints. 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 pounds av. 
 gallon. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1111 
 
 Mix the drugs, moisten them with 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol and 
 macerate for 24 hours ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack 
 moderately, pour upon them 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol and set in a 
 warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately, and after one hour 
 begin to percolate adding Water to the drugs after the liquid has 
 ceased to drop and continuing the heat and percolation until five 
 pints are obtained. To this add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and 
 Iodide of Potassium, and after standing 24 hours filter, adding 
 through the filter enough Water to make 5 pints. In this dissolve 
 the Sugar and add enough Water to make 1 gallon. A larger 
 quantity of Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 
 
 4119. Concentrated Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound. 
 
 This formula makes a preparation similar to the stronger Sarsa- 
 parilla compounds that are found in the market, like Ayer's and 
 other similar preparations. 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla, Honduras, . 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Yellow Dock, .... 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Stillingia, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract Mandrake, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sugar, i>4 ounce. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 100 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Iron, 10 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, dissolve and filter. The dose is from half t<> a teaspoonful 
 The weaker Sarsaparilla compounds may be made from this by 
 diluting it with 3 parts by measure of Syrup. 
 
 4120. Sarsaparilla, Stillingia and Red Clover Extract. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Red Clover Tops, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Mezereum I'.ark, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sassafras Mark i ounce av. 
 
 [odide of Potassium i <>un<v av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol 6 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 4 pounds. 
 
 Water, sufficienl t<> make a gallon. 
 Make as directed in the preceding formula. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
1112 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Resolvent. 
 
 A few proprietary preparations found in the market are known as 
 Resolvents. They are mostly compounds of Sarsaparilla with a 
 considerable quantity of Iodide of Potassium or Potassa Alkali, 
 and are known as Cuticura, Resolvent, Ready Resolvent, etc. 
 One sample formula will suffice. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Honduras, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Burdock Root, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Blue Flag Root, . .- 2 ounces av. 
 
 Prickly-Ash Bark, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring, ^ ounce av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Sugar, 3 pounds av. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate by water-bath 
 percolation, first with the diluted alcohol, then with enough Water 
 to make 6^ pints of the percolate, add the flavoring, and the salts, 
 and the sugar, and after standing filter. The dose is a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 4221. Medical Discovery. 
 
 Under this title several Alterative and Sarsaparilla compounds 
 have been extensively sold as blood purifiers, etc. The following 
 will suffice for all. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Mexican, 8 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Dock Root, S ounces. 
 
 Blue Flag Root, 4 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Parilla, 2 ounces. 
 
 Leptandra Root, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Flavoring, }4 ounce. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 4 pounds. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate by water-bath 
 percolation, first with the Diluted Alcohol and then with Water 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1113 
 
 until 6 pints are obtained, then add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and 
 Iodide of Potassium and filter, afterwards dissolving the Sugar in 
 the filtrate, and making up the measure with Water to i gallon. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 Iodide of Mercury y 2 ounce may be used instead of Iodide of 
 Potassium. 
 
 SOOTHING AND TEETHING SYRUPS. 
 
 The sale for proprietary Soothing Syrups and like preparations is 
 quite extensive, and there are but comparatively few makes on the 
 market. The following formulae make preparations similar to those 
 in use and others quite different from any to be found. 
 
 4122. Baby-Soother, or Soothing Syrup. 
 
 Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senna, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 3 fl. drachms. 
 
 Chloroform, 30 minims. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 fl. ounces. 
 
 Water, 4 pints. 
 
 Sugar, . 6 pounds av. 
 
 Dissolve the Oil of Anise and Chloroform in the Alcohol, and 
 mix with the tincture and fluid extract add the Water, fdter clear 
 and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation. This is a quiet- 
 ing, slightly laxative Syrup and contains nothing injurious to chil- 
 dren. It may be further improved by adding to it 1 pint of Syrup. 
 Lacto-phosphate of Lime, which supplies to the blood the required 
 nutrition during the critical period <>( dentition. 
 From %. to a teaspoonful may be given at a tins, 
 
 4123. Soothing Syrup. 
 
 Rochelle Salts iy'i ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine 6 grains. 
 
 Extract Jamaica (linger, >2 OUni «■. 
 
 Essence Of Anise (1 part Oil Of Anise to 1 6 
 
 parts Alcohol), 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 13 ounces. 
 
 Water, * ounces. 
 
 Carbonate Magnesium, i drachm. 
 
 Mix the Extracl Ginger and Essence Anise, and rub them with 
 
 the Carbonate Magnesium, in a mortar, to a smooth paste ; add the 
 
1114 
 
 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 Water a little at a time, and rub thoroughly ; filter, and dissolve the 
 Morphine first, and then the Rochelle Salts in the filtrate ; when 
 dissolved filter, if necessary, and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by 
 agitation. 
 
 Dose, % to i teaspoonful. 
 
 4124. Quieting Syrup. 
 
 Lactucarium, 256 grains. 
 
 Extract Ginger, y 2 ounce. 
 
 Essence Anise, 1 ounce. 
 
 Sugar, 13 ounces. 
 
 Hot Water, 8 ounces. 
 
 Rochelle Salts, i J /i ounces. 
 
 Rub the Lactucarium with the Hot Water in a mortar, and add 
 the Rochelle Salts, 'allow to macerate with occasional agitation for 
 twenty-four hours, then add the Ginger and Anise to the Sugar, and 
 shake thoroughly together, and dissolve in the liquid by agitation. 
 When dissolved, strain. 
 
 Dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 4125. Rhubarb Soothing Syrup. 
 
 Rhubarb, 8 ounces. 
 
 Anise Seed, .3 ounces. 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, 2 ounces. 
 
 Poppy Leaves, 4 ounces. 
 
 Bicarbonate Potassium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Water, q. s., to make 4^ pints. 
 
 Sugar (avoirdupois weight), 7 pounds. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder. Dissolve the Bicarbonate 
 Potassium in the Water and moisten the drugs with it ; pack in a 
 percolator, and pour the Water upon the drugs ; macerate for two 
 days, and begin the percolation ; percolate until 4)^ pints are ob- 
 tained, adding enough Water through the percolator to make that 
 quantity. Dissolve the Sugar in the percolate by agitation or gentle 
 heat, and strain. 
 
 Dose, %. to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 This is a harmless Soothing Syrup, well suited to neutralize the 
 acid stomach and to correct the bowel difficulties incident to 
 teething. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1115 
 
 4126. Nutritive Soothing- Syrup. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 6 grains. 
 
 Syrup of Lacto-phosphates, compound,. . . 15 ounces. 
 Water, 1 ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 
 
 Dose, Yi to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 This is an excellent compound for teething babies. 
 
 4127. Malt Soothing Syrup. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 6 grains. 
 
 Water, 1 ounce. 
 
 Compound Svrup of Hvpophosphites, I , . - 
 
 1 1 .111 > 1 each, - 1 2 ounces. 
 
 Liquid Extract Malt, ) 
 
 Dissolve the Morphine in the Water and mix with the Extract of 
 Malt, then mix the Syrup Hvpophosphites 
 
 Dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 The same remarks apply to this as to No. 4, the addition of 
 Malt being of much service. 
 
 SALTS. 
 
 A few preparations in the form of Salts have a good sale as pro- 
 prietary medicines. The following are representative of those 
 
 found in the market, others will be found under other headings. 
 
 4128. Seltzer Aperient. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium dried 2 ounces. 
 
 Rochelle Salt, dry 2 ounces. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, dry 6 ounces. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium 6}4 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly and put Up in dry bottles. 
 
 It is necessary thai the Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 
 should 1).- thoroughly dried by heating on a sand bath in a porce- 
 lain vessel for a considerable time until it has lost its Water of 
 
 crystallization. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful or two in part of a glass of Water. 
 
1116 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4129. Fruit or Grape Salt. 
 
 Several preparations under various titles as Fruit Salt, Grape 
 Salts, Fruit Saline, Sal Muscatel, etc., are put up as laxatives and 
 restoratives. The following formula will suffice for all : 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 6 ounces. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 2 ounces. 
 
 Cream of Tartar, 10 ounces. 
 
 Rochelle Salt, 4 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil Lemon, 30 minims. 
 
 Oil Orange, 20 minims. 
 
 Oil Limes, 20 minims. 
 
 Mix the Oils with a small portion of the Rochelle Salt, and then 
 with the remainder, and incorporate this thoroughly, first with the 
 Cream of Tartar and then with the Bicarbonate of Sodium and put 
 up in dry bottles. 
 
 4130. Crab-Orchard Salts. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Cream of Tartar, 2 ounces. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 2 ounces. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces. 
 
 Dry the salts and mix them well together and put up in dry 
 bottles. 
 
 4131. Carlsbad Salts, Artificial. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium, 1 ounce. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, 3 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium, dried, 10 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly and put up in dry bottles. 
 
 The Sulphate of Sodium must be dried by heating on a sand- 
 bath until its Water of crystallization has evaporated and it is 
 reduced to a dry powder. 
 
 This may also be prepared by dissolving the salts altogether in 
 water and evaporaring to a granular salt. 
 
 This is given as a laxative in doses of a teaspoonful in part of a 
 glass of Water. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1117 
 
 SPECIFICS. 
 
 A few proprietary medicines are know as Specifics. The name is 
 applied to medicines of various kinds, for asthma, catarrh, dyspepsia, 
 gout, rheumatism, malaria, etc., but is more particularly understood 
 to apply to remedies for Syphilis, and these only will be considered 
 under this heading, as they are not given elsewhere except generally 
 under alteratives, sarsaparillas, etc. 
 
 4132. S. S. Specific. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Stillingia 8 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Blue Flag, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Prickly-Ash, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Iodide of Calcium Y<i ounce av. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . 1 pint. 
 Dissolve the Iodides in the Diluted Alcohol and mix the solution 
 with the fluid extracts. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful. 
 
 4133. Rex Magnus Specific. 
 
 Iodide of Calcium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Tincture of Iodine, 1 il. ounce. 
 
 Essence of Wintergreen, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Syrup, 4 fl ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint, 
 
 Mix and dissolve. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon- 
 ful, which should be taken alternately with the following : 
 
 Fluid Extract Stillingia 6 ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla, Honduras \ ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Yellow Dock, (.ounces. 
 
 Fluid Extract Prickly Ash, 1 ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extra< I Blue Flag i ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Mandrake I drachm- 
 
 Mix them. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, to be- 
 taken alternately with the foregoing. 
 
 The latter part of this preparation is entirely unlike the proprie- 
 tary " Rc\ Magnus," but is believed to be much better as an alter- 
 ative in connection with the solution of Iodides, «t< . 
 
1118 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 TONICS. 
 
 A great many tonic preparations for various uses are included 
 under other headings in the preceding pages, therefore only a few 
 which are more particularly known in the market as tonics will be 
 mentioned here. 
 
 4134. Beef and Coca Tonic. 
 
 Elixir Beef and Coca. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat, y^ ounce av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Coca, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Meat Extract with the Elixir, add the Fluid Extract, and 
 after standing filter. 
 
 To make Beef, Coca and Iron Tonic or Elixir, add to the forego- 
 ing ]/z ounce Solution Phosphate of Iron. If Quinine is desired in 
 the preparation 32 grains may be dissolved in a pint of either the 
 Beef and Coca, or the Beef, Coca and Iron. 
 
 The dose of these preparations is a teaspoonful to a table- 
 spoonful. 
 
 4135. German Tonic. 
 
 Tincture of Cinchona, 2 fl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian Compound, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Brandy, 6 fl.ounces. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, 5 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dissolve the Sugar in the mixture and after standing filter. 
 This is a general tonic ; the formula may be varied as desired. 
 Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
 
 4136. Ginger Tonic. 
 
 Jamaica Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces av. 
 
 Gentian, in coarse powder, % ounce av. 
 
 Cinnamon, in coarse powder, 1 drachm. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . % ounce. 
 Golden Seal, in coarse powder, .... % ounce. 
 Carbonate of Magnesium, % ounce. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1119 
 
 Sugar 2 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 fl. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make i pint. 
 
 Macerate the powdered drugs first with the Alcohol in a wide 
 mouth bottle for 5 days, then add 6 fl. ounces of Water, and let- 
 stand 5 days more with daily agitation, then pour off the fluid por- 
 tion and percolate the drugs with sufficient diluted Alcohol to make 
 when added to the poured-off liquid 16 fl. ounces, rub this with the 
 Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar, filter and dissolve the Sugar 
 in the filtrate. 
 
 This may also be made by mixing Soluble Extract of Ginger 
 (943) 4 fl. ounces with Tincture Gentian Compound 2 fl. ounces, 
 Aqueous Fluid Extract Golden Seal 2 fl.drachms, Sugar 2 ounces, 
 Alcohol, Water, each 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
 4137. Iron Tonic. 
 
 A great variety of Iron Tonics will be found among the elixirs, 
 bitters, wines, etc., but the following general formula is submitted. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 80 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine, 4 grains. 
 
 Fluid Hydrastis (1576), 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Gentian, compound, .... S tl. ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Iron, tasteless (1923), .... 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Soluble Elixir Flavoring (510), 4 fl.ounces. 
 
 Sugar, 2 pounds. 
 
 Alcohol, 2 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Dissolve the Salts in the Alcohol, mix the other ingredients with 
 4 pints of Water, and when the Sugar is dissolved mix the two solu- 
 tions, and after standing tiller. This may be colored brown, or 
 reddish brown, with caramel and red coloring, it desired. The 
 dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 
 
 Any of the Iron Bitters Ot bitter Wines of Iron or Elixirs of bark 
 and Iron may be put Up under this title. The proprietors of 
 
 Brawn's Iron Bitten have endeavored to Intimidate the retail drug- 
 gists by claiming a proprietary right to the title Iron bitters, or Iron 
 
 Tonic, and that no other preparations by similar names could be 
 
 sold ; but this 1 laim i annot, ol i ourse, be maintained, and any drug* 
 
 gist may put up an Iron bitters or Iron Tonic 
 
1120 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 TOOTH-ACHE REMEDIES. 
 
 Perhaps there is nothing in the line of remedies for which there is 
 a more general call than tooth-ache cures or remedies, and it is cer- 
 tainly convenient and profitable to have something put up ready for 
 this trade. As special proprietary preparations of this kind are 
 seldom designated, it is obvious that the druggist may supply any 
 good remedy for the purpose. 
 
 The following formulas will give satisfaction. These same reme- 
 dies may also be used for ear-ache, neuralgia, etc. 
 
 4138. Camphor-Chloral Tooth-ache Cure. 
 
 Camphor, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fi. ounce. 
 
 Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Opium, x / 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Thyme (Origanum pure), .... ]/n, fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, ^2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Mix and dissolve, saturate a little cotton and insert it in the 
 cavity, also rub on the gums. 
 
 4139. Carbolic Tooth-ache Cure. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, ... 5 ounces av. 
 
 Camphor, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, y 2 fl.ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, y<z fl.ounce. 
 
 Chloroform, . . . 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Mix and dissolve, moisten cotton and put in the cavity of the 
 tooth, and rub around the gums if necessary. 
 
 This is an efficient and prompt tooth-ache remedy. 
 
 4140. Clove Anodyne, Tooth-ache Cure. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 2 flounces. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, x / 2 ounce av. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl.drachms. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 
 
 Alcohol, 13 fl. ounces. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1P21 
 
 4141. Cajuput Tooth-ache Remedy. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 
 
 Camphor, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Chloroform, . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl. drachms. 
 
 Oil of Cajuput, 4 fl. ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 10 fl.oum 
 
 4142. Lightning Tooth-ache Remedy. 
 
 Essential Oil of Mustard, 1 flounce. 
 
 Chloroform, .... ^ fl.oi 
 
 Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 1: fl ounces. 
 
 4143. Cocaine Tooth-ache Cure. 
 
 Cocaine Hydrochlorate, 60 grains. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, . . ... .2 fl.drachras. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl.drac'hms. 
 
 Alcohol, 15 fl. ounces. 
 
 4144. Menthol Tooth-ache Remedy. 
 
 Menthol, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Chloroform, t fl ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, . . 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 4145. Thymol Tooth-ache Remedy. 
 
 Thymol, 1 ounce av. 
 
 Chloroform, 1 fl.ounce 
 
 Alcohol, 14 fl.ounces. 
 
 4146. Aseptol Tooth-ache Remedy. 
 
 itol 1 ounce av. 
 
 ( Ihloroform, . 1 fl.ounce. 
 
 ihol 14 fl oun< es. 
 
 4147. Salicylic Tooth-ache Cure. 
 
 Collodion 1 pint. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 2 ou 
 
 Dissolve the Salicylii \ ■ i < 1 in the Collodion. This forms a plug 
 in the 1 avity of the tooth, thus covering the exposed nerve. 
 
1122 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 WORM MEDICINES. 
 
 Worm medicines that are popular in the market are chiefly in the 
 form of syrups or cordials, and confections or lozenges. Worm 
 powders and pills are, however, frequently used, and " Worm Tea " 
 is not an unpopular form of medication. 
 
 The following formulae are representative of various forms of 
 Worm medicines which have a popular sale. 
 
 4148. Worm Killer. 
 
 Santonin in fine powder }( ounce av. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Pink Root, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senna, 1 fl ounce. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint, 20 minims. 
 
 Simple Syrup, sufficient to make a pint. 
 Mix them well together. 
 
 It is not intended that the Santonin shall be dissolved in this 
 preparation, but it must be " shaken before taken." Santonin 
 should never be dissolved when used as a worm medicine, for the 
 reason that in solution it acts as a poison to the patient instead of 
 the worms, because it is much more rapidly absorbed than when 
 given in powder, and, as the medicine is designed to act on the con- 
 tents of the stomach or bowels instead of through the blood, it is 
 obvious that it should not be in solution. 
 
 4149. Tonic Vermifuge. 
 
 Male Fern Root, in coarse powder, ... 4 ounces. 
 
 Anise Seed, ) , . , 
 
 ' \ each, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce. 
 
 Pink Root, \ 
 
 Cape Aloes, 120 grains. 
 
 Carbonate Potassium ( Sal Tartar ), ... 80 grains. 
 
 Culver's Root, % ounce. 
 
 Glycerin, 6 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol, 6 ounces. 
 
 Water, 6 ounces. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and moisten with 3 ounces 
 each of the Alcohol and Glycerin, pack in a percolator and pour 
 upon them the remaining liquids in which the Aloes and Carb. 
 Potassium have previously been dissolved, allow to stand forty-eight 
 hours and percolate, adding enough Water through the percolator 
 to make 1 pint of the percolate. 
 
 Dose, teaspoonful to dessertspoonful. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 11:23 
 
 4150. Standard Worm Syrup. 
 
 Pink Root, 16 ounces. 
 
 Male Fern Root, S ounces. 
 
 Senna Leaves, S ounces. 
 
 Worm Seed, 16 ounces. 
 
 Essence Anise, 2 ounces 
 
 Carbonate of Potassium, | . T/ 
 
 „ ' V each \i ounce. 
 
 Santonin, ) 
 
 Sugar, 7 ounces 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity to make a gallon. 
 
 Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and steep them for six. hours 
 in nearly boiling water enough to cover them well, then pour off 
 the liquid and reserve ; put fresh water on the drugs and steep two 
 hours, pour off this liquid and mix with that before reserved, press- 
 ing out all that is possible from the drugs. 
 
 Then evaporate the liquid to 5 pints, and while evaporating add 
 the Carb. Potassium and Santonin ; add, while cooling, the Essence 
 Anise and Sugar, dissolve by agitation and strain. 
 
 Dose, teaspoonful to dessertspoonful. 
 
 This is a good general Worm Syrup requiring no laxative after 
 using it. It may be made from the Fluid Extracts instead of the 
 drugs, if preferred. 
 
 4151. Worm Syrup. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Pink and Senna, .... 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Anise, 10 drops. 
 
 Syrup, sufficient to make a pint. 
 Mix. 
 
 This is a simple " Pink or Senna" worm syrup, harmless and effi- 
 cient ; many other medicines may be combined with this, but we do 
 not know that it can be much improved except by adding Santonine 
 as in No. -i 1 ; . 
 
 4152. Vermifuge. 
 
 This vile compound — the terror of childhood — has, thanks to 
 the advance of pharmacy, nearly gone out of use. 
 The following formulas will be sufficient. 
 
 ( )il of Wbrmseed i flounce. 
 
 ( )il of Peppermint, i fl.drachm. 
 
 < >il of Turpentine, i fl.drachm. 
 
 ( lastor ( >il, 6 fl.oui 
 
 M ix well together. 
 
1124 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 
 
 4153. Vermifuge. 
 
 Oil of Wormseed, .... . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Pink and Senna, . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Glycerine, ... 5 fl. ounces. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint, y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Mix well together, shake before taking. The usual dose of 
 vermifuge is from one-half to a teaspoonful. 
 
 4154. Worm Lozenges. 
 
 This is by far the most popular form of administering worm 
 medicines, for children will readily take them. The making of 
 worm lozenges is mostly done by manufacturing houses who have 
 apparatus suitable for such work. Santonin is the chief medicinal 
 ingredient ; it is sometimes combined with calomel or other laxative 
 remedies. The following formulas make good worm lozenges, com- 
 fits or tablets. They can be made in the same way as other 
 lozenges : 
 
 Santonin in fine powder, ....... 50 grains. 
 
 Powdered Tragacanth, ..,.,. 150 grains. 
 
 Chocolate, .... 300 grains. 
 
 Powdered Sugar, . . ....... 700 grains. 
 
 Rub the Chocolate with a little Water to a stiff paste. Mix the 
 Santonin, Tragacanth and Sugar intimately, and with the addition 
 of Water incorporate them with the Chocolate paste and cut into 
 100 lozenges. 
 
 4155. Worm Lozenges or Tablets. 
 
 Santonin, in fine powder, 50 grains. 
 
 Calomel, 5 grains. 
 
 Carmine, 10 grains. 
 
 Powdered Tragacanth, 150 grains. 
 
 Powdered Sugar, 1,000 grains. 
 
 Mix the Carmine intimately with a portion of the Sugar, add the 
 Santonin and Calomel, then the Tragacanth, and having mixed 
 them thoroughly together make into a mass with Water and cut into 
 100 lozenges. 
 
 Other combinations may be made in the same manner. 
 As each lozenge contains }4 grain of Santonin, the usual dose 
 for children would be one or two before meals. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1125 
 
 4156. Worm Tea-Powder. 
 
 This was formerly a very popular form of medicine for worms, 
 but has now been superseded by more convenient preparations. 
 
 Wormseed, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Pink Root, in powder 6 ounces. 
 
 Senna, in powder, 6 ounces. 
 
 Liquorice Root, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix them thoroughly. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful in half a cup of hot water, sweetened, before meals. 
 
 4157. Vermifuge Tea. 
 
 Pink Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces. 
 
 Pomegranate Bark, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Senna Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 
 
 Wormseed, 2 ounces. 
 
 Anise Seed, ground, 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and put up in packages, of about two ounces. 
 Directions for preparing : Steep the contents of the package in a 
 pint and a half of Water with gentle heat for two hours, then strain 
 off one pint, add to it half a pound of sugar and % pint alcohol. 
 
 Directions for taking : For children two to three years old a tea- 
 spoonful before meals, three times a day ; three to five years old, 
 two teaspoonfuls ; five to ten years old, a tablespoonful ; ten years 
 and older, a wine-glassful (two tablespoonfuls) before meals. 
 
 4158. Tape Worm Remedy. 
 
 Pomegranate Dark, ground, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Mali- Fern, ground i ounce av. 
 
 Senna Leaves, -round 1 ounce av. 
 
 Kanieela 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix them well together. 
 
 ( )ne-lialf of this quantity is to be Steeped in a pint of water and 
 the infusion to he taken in doses of four ounces twenty minutes 
 
 apart. If not successful in getting the head of the tape worm, the 
 remainder can he prepared and taken in the same manner a week 
 later. 
 
 Fluid Extracts of the ingredients as above may be mixed in the 
 
 same proportion and given in the same manner, but arc not consid- 
 ered SO eiiic iciii as the infusion. 
 
1126 STANDARD ^PROPRIETARY REft 
 
 UNCLASSIFIED PROPRIETARY REMH.DIES. 
 
 The following preparations were not included in the classes which 
 have been already given. Many more might be included, but the 
 line is already quite extended and is probably sufficient for the 
 uses of the trade. 
 
 4159. Phosphorized Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Phosphorol. 
 
 Phosphorus 1 grain. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 24 fl. ounces. 
 
 Shave the Phosphorus fine and having mixed it with 4 fl. ounces 
 of the Oil, stop tightly in a bottle and heat by water-bath until the 
 Phosphorus is melted, shake well until the Phosphorus is all dis- 
 solved, then add the remainder of the Oil and mix them well to- 
 gether. 
 
 A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains ycto" g ram Phosphorus. 
 
 4160. Iodized Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Iodine, 16 grains. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Add the Iodine to the Cod Liver Oil contained in a closely 
 stopped bottle, and heat by means of a water-bath until the Iodine 
 is dissolved. 
 
 A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains % grain Iodine. 
 
 4161. Iodo-ferrated Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 Tasteless Iodide of Iron, 64 grains. 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, 16 fl. ounces. 
 
 Rub the Tasteless Iodide of Iron to a fine powder and then with 
 the Cod Liver Oil gradually added, until the salt is dissolved as 
 much as it will, then allow to settle and decant the clear portion. 
 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
 4162. Hamburger Drops. 
 
 Socotrine Aloes, in powder, 2 ounces. 
 
 Myrrh, in powder, % ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon Bark, in powder, y% ounce. 
 
 Cloves, in powder 1 drachm. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1127 
 
 Opium, in powder, i drachm. 
 
 Saffron, American, 2 drachms. 
 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the drugs and macerate first with 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol for 
 one week with frequent agitation and pour off the clear liquid and 
 reserve, then pour on the drugs, 6 flounces more of Alcohol, mace- 
 rate as before and add the product to the reserved liquid. 
 The dose is 10 to 30 drops or more. 
 
 4163. Holloway's Pills. 
 
 As these are much called for, the formula is given. 
 
 Aloes, ^00 parts. 
 
 Rhubarb, 40 parts. 
 
 Black Pepper, 18 parts. 
 
 Saffron 10 parts. 
 
 Sulphate of Sodium, dried, 10 parts. 
 
 To be divided into 3)2 grain pills. 
 
 4164. Hunn's Life Drops. 
 
 Oil of Cajuput 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Anise 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cloves, 1 fl. ounce. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint, 1 ll. ounce. 
 
 Alcohol, 4 bounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol. This is used as a quick stimu- 
 lant for colic, pain, etc. The dose is 10 to 20 drops on sugar. 
 
 4165. Liquid Rennet. 
 
 1 inner lining membrane of one calf's stomach, dis- 
 ted off and i hopped. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid, 6 fl drachms. 
 
 Glyi erin 6 fl.oum 
 
 Water, - iffii ient to make i pint. 
 
 Mai .rate for two weeks and strain or filter. 
 
 This is used for dyspeps'a and also in cooking to make curd, with 
 
 milk. 
 
 Pepsin prepared from calf's stomach ma) be used instead of the 
 fresh stomachs, but pepsin prepared from pig's, or other, stomachs 
 will not make a curd with milk. 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
 
1 128 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4166. Listerine. 
 
 This is a proprietary medicine used as an antiseptic solution, and 
 claimed to contain the essential antiseptic properties of thyme, 
 eucalyptus, baptisia and mentha arvensis, combined with benzoic 
 and boric acids. 
 
 The following formula will make a good preparation of this kind, 
 but is not claimed to be the exact formulae of the original. 
 
 Boric Acid 128 grains. 
 
 Benzoic Acid, 64 grains. 
 
 Baptisin, 20 grains. 
 
 Thymol, 20 grains. 
 
 Eucalyptol, 10 grains. 
 
 Menthol, ...'.... 10 grains. 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 
 
 Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce, 
 
 Alcohol, 2 flounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix the Boric Acid with the Glycerin and Water, add the other 
 ingredients to the Alcohol, and after standing 24 hours, add the 
 aqueous solution to the alcoholic, and after standing filter. 
 
 4167. Papine. 
 
 This is a proprietary preparation of Opium claiming to represent 
 1 grain of Opium in a fl. drachm. Such a preparation may be 
 made as follows : 
 
 Deodorized Tincture of Opium (1870), . . 3^ fl. ounces. 
 
 Elixir, 13 fl.ounces. 
 
 Mix them. Dose a tablespoonful. 
 
 4168. Soda Mint. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium, . 1 ounce av. 
 
 Peppermint Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 
 
 Mix, dissolve and filter. 
 
 This may be sweetened with 2 ounces of Sugar if desired, but for 
 medicinal effect is usually preferred plain. 
 
 This is given in doses of a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, for 
 acid stomach, dyspepsia, etc. 
 
STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1129 
 
 4169. Chlorides Solution. 
 
 A. solution of Chlorides for disinfecting, bleaching, deodorizing, 
 etc., may be prepared and put up as proprietary. 
 
 Formulas have been already given for such preparations under 
 other headings. The following is, however, given : 
 
 Chloride of Ammonium, % ounce. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, J4 ounce. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime, 2 ounces. 
 
 Carbonate of Sodium, 2)4 ounces. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the Chlorides and Chlorinated Lime in 1 pint of Water 
 and the Carbonate of Sodium in a pint of boiling Water, and pour 
 upon the solution of Chlorides, etc. in a close vessel, stir the con- 
 tents, cover tightly, allow to settle and decant the clear liquid. 
 
 4170. Colorless Solution Hydrastine. 
 
 Hydrastine, White Alkaloid 20 grains. 
 
 Glycerin, 2 ounces. 
 
 Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, q. s. to dissolve, 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Rub the Hydrastine with a portion of the Water and add the 
 Acid drop by drop until it is dissolved, then add the Glycerin and 
 the remainder of the Water. 
 
 4171. Stoke's Liniment. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 3 fl. ounces. 
 
 Oil of Lemon 60 minims. 
 
 A. etic A<id, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 
 
 Yolk of Egg ... No. 1. 
 
 Rose Water 3 fl.oun* es 
 
 Shake the Oils with the Yolk of Egg and Aeid in a bottle until 
 they are well mixed. 
 
 4172. Concentrated Tincture Avena Sativa or Oats. 
 
 Common Black Oats, .... [6^ ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make . i pint. 
 Make a fluid extracl or concentrated tincture in the sam< 
 ner as is directed ( L069). 
 
1130 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 
 
 4173. Tongaline or Tonga. 
 
 This is a proprietary remedy for neuralgia, etc., and is prepared 
 from Tonga, a mixture of barks obtained from Fiji Islands. It may 
 be made from 
 
 Fluid Extract Tonga, 4 ti. ounces. 
 
 Diluted Alcohol, 1 pint. 
 
 or by percolating 4 ounces of Tonga with Diluted Alcohol until 20 
 fl. ounces are obtained. 
 
 4174. Viburnum Compound. 
 
 Black Haw Bark, 12 ounces av. 
 
 High Cranberry Bark, 8 ounces av. 
 
 Blue Cohosh, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Life Root Plant, 3 ounces av. 
 
 Sugar, 4 ounces av. 
 
 Alcohol, 3 pints. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Make a tincture of the drugs by percolating first with the Alcohol 
 mixed with an equal quantity of Water, and then with Water until 
 one gallon is obtained. In this dissolve the Sugar and filter. 
 The dose is a dessertspoonful. 
 
PART V. 
 TOILET PREPARATIONS 
 
 AND PERFUMES. 
 
 The formulae for preparations which are used for the Toilet and 
 Perfumes would of themselves fill a large volume. In this work, 
 therefore, a few only of those most important and most likely to be 
 used by druggists and pharmacists can be given, and our readers 
 are referred to the more elaborate works on this subject for further 
 information if desired. 
 
 BANDOLINE. 
 
 Bandoline is intended to be used as a fixer for the hair and for 
 other similar uses. Several different kinds may be made, as shown 
 in the following formulas. 
 
 4175. Rose Bandoline.— Best Flake Tragacanth 1 ounce av., Rose 
 Water 13 fl. ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 fl.ounces. Mix the Rose Water and 
 Cologne Spirit and macerate the Tragacanth in the mixture for several days, 
 stirring frequently, then squeeze through a coarse muslin strainer, let stand 
 two or three days and again squeeze through muslin. 
 
 This makes a white translucent preparation ; if desired it may be colored 
 pink or red with solution of carmine. 
 
 4176. Quince Bandoline.— Ouince seed coarsely powdered or bruised yi 
 ounce, Orange Flower Water 1 3 fl.ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 fl.ounces. Make 
 in the same manner as the preceding. In either of these formulas, Distilled 
 Water may be used instead of Rose or Orange Flower Water and 1 ounce 
 of any kind of bulk perfume added in place of 1 ounce of the Cologne Spirit 
 directed. By using hot Water the operation may be greatly hastened. 
 
 4177. Bandoline Powder.— The best Bandoline Powder is prepared 
 from Quince Seeds, although it is not so light colored, and does not yield so 
 much liquid as that prepared from Tragacanth. 
 
 The following formulas may be used : Ouince seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces, 
 Bulk Perfume (Upper Ten or other) 2 fl. drachms. Mix them well together. 
 
 1181 
 
1132 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 This is put up in packages of about i drachm, which will make 3 or 4 ounces 
 of Bandoline when added to Water. 
 
 Tragacanth, in fine powder, 4 ounces, Acacia, in fine powder, I ounce, Bulk 
 Perfumes 2 fl. drachms. Mix and use as the foregoing. 
 
 Powdered perfumed soap also makes a good Bandoline Powder, a few 
 grains only should be mixed with a few drops of Water when wanted for use. 
 
 COSMETICS FOR THE COMPLEXION. 
 
 In a general sense the term Cosmetic may be applied to prepara- 
 tions which are used to soften, cleanse, purify or beautify the com- 
 plexion, hair, teeth, etc., but in this connection, the preparations 
 only which are applied to " beautifying " the complexion will be 
 noted. The preparations containing insoluble substances are best 
 made by grinding them through a paint mill, but very good prep- 
 arations may be made by rubbing them fine in a mortar as directed 
 in the formulae. 
 
 Liquid Cosmetics. 
 
 These are mostly preparations containing some insoluble ingredi- 
 ents which are intended to beautify the complexion, making the 
 skin white or of a flesh tint, and covering tan, freckles, etc. 
 
 4178. Oriental Cream. — Calomel 2 ounces av., Sub-Nitrate of Bismuth 
 1 ounce av., Carbonate of Barium, or Oxide of Zinc, 1 ounce av., Water a suf- 
 ficient quantity. Rub the powders in a mortar with successive portions of 
 Water, allowing the precipitate to settle, and pouring off the Water several 
 times to wash out the impurities and make a smooth preparation ; finally, 
 pour the precipitate into a pint bottle and add enough distilled or filtered rain 
 water to make a pint. This preparation is similar and equal to the celebrated 
 " Oriental Cream." It is only necessary that good material should be used 
 in making it. It may also be made with four ounces of Calomel in 1 pint of 
 water, in the same manner. 
 
 4179. Liquid Enamel or Pearl. — Oxide of Zinc, French, 2 ounces av., 
 Prepared Chalk 2 ounces av., Calomel 1 ounce av., Essence Rose or Almonds 
 1 fl.ounce, Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, Water, a sufficient quantity. Rub the pow- 
 ders with successive portions of Water to wash out any impurities and reduce 
 them to a smooth and uniform precipitate, and finally pour the precipitate 
 in a pint bottle, add the Essence of Rose or Almond and enough distilled or 
 filtered rain Water to make a pint. 
 
 4180. Cream of Roses.— Carbonate of Barium 2 ounces av., Prepared 
 Chalk 2 ounces av., Carmine, No. 40, 10 grains, Carbonate of Potassium 5 
 grains, Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, Rose Water, sufficient to make a pint. Rub the 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1133 
 
 Carmine and Carbonate of Potassium together and add Rose Water gradu- 
 ally until it is dissolved. Mix the Carbonate of Barium and Chalk, and 
 having washed them by rubbing with successive portions of Water, put the 
 precipitate in a pint bottle, add the Glycerin, the dissolved Carmine and 
 enough Rose Water to make a pint. 
 
 4181. Cream of Lilies, or Bloom of Youth. — Heavy Magnesia {Magnesia 
 Ponderosa) 1 % ounces aw, Oxide of Zinc 2 ounces av., Glycerin 1 flounce, 
 Water, sufficient to make a pint. Rub the Magnesia and the Zinc with suc- 
 cessive portions of water to wash them, transfer the precipitate to a pint 
 bottle, and add the Glycerin and enough Water to make a pint. A little per- 
 fume may be added if desired. 
 
 4182. Liquid Rouge, or Bloom of Roses. — This is used for giving a 
 flesh tint or red coloring to the complexion, also for adding to any of the 
 foregoing white preparations to impart a flesh tint. It is frequently put up 
 in small bottles and furnished in a package with the white Cosmetique. It is 
 made as follows: Carmine, No. 40, 120 grains, Carbonate of Potassium 
 (Salts of Tartar) 60 grains, Glycerin 4 fl.ounces, Aqua Ammonia y z fl. ounce, 
 Orange Flower Water 1 2 fl.ounces. Rub the Carmine and the Carbonate of 
 Potassium to a fine powder, add the Glycerin, rub them together, then add 
 the Ammonia and Orange Flower Water. A small quantity of this liquid is 
 applied to the cheek with a sponge or soft cloth and thoroughly rubbed in. 
 For making a flesh tint of the white preparations, add from 1 to 1 )i 
 fl. drachms to a pint. 
 
 Vinegar Rouge. True Vinegar Rouge is prepared from pure Rouge, 
 Carthamine (from safflower) by dissolving it in Alcohol and acidulating with 
 Acetic Acid. An imitation may be made by adding Acetic Acid to a solu- 
 tion of Scarlet Aniline. 
 
 Creams, etc. 
 
 For Softening the Skin, Etc. 
 These are designed for softening tjie skin and removing tan, sun- 
 burn, freckles, chap, etc. Several different kinds of preparations 
 are put up for such uses, and the following formulas are representa- 
 tive of preparations found in the market : 
 
 4183. Camphor Cream.— Quince Seed, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Hot 
 Water 14 fl. ounces, Borax, powdered, 60 grains, Glycerin 2 flounces, Spirit of 
 Camphor 1 flounce, Oil of i Jitter Almonds 10 minims. Macerate the < >uin> e 
 Seeds for half a day with the Water and strain. Mix with the Glycerin. Dis- 
 solve the Oil of Hitter Almonds in the Spirit of Camphor and gradually add 
 to it the Mucilage of Ouince, etc., and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 4184. Fragrant Cream.— Ouince Seed 120 grains, Borax, in powder, 60 
 grains, Hot Water 12 fl.ounces, Glycerin 3 fl.ounces, Cologne 2 fl.ounces. 
 Crush the Quince Seed and macerate with the Hot Water for one hour, stir- 
 
1134 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 ring frequently, then strain through muslin, without pressure, add the Glycerin 
 and Borax, and then add the translucent solution to the Cologne slowly, shak- 
 ing them well together. One ounce of Bulk Perfume and i ounce of Cologne 
 Spirit may be used instead of the Cologne. This is used for softening the 
 skin, chap, etc. By using double the quantity of Quince Seed a preparation 
 similar to " Frostilla " may be made. 
 
 4185. Marshmallow Cream. — Tragacanth, in powder }£ ounce av., 
 Marshmallow Root, cut, l / 2 ounce av., Water 12 fl. ounces, Glycerin 3 
 fl. ounces, Cologne 2 flounces. Mix the Glycerin with the Water, add the 
 Tragacanth and Mallow to the mixture and agitate frequently for several 
 days, then strain through a muslin strainer, add the Cologne, let stand two or 
 three days and strain again. 
 
 4186. Savonia Cream. — White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Tragacanth % 
 ounce, Water 8 fl.ounces, Glycerin 6 fl. ounces, Cologne 2 fl.ounces. Make 
 in the same manner as the preceding. 
 
 4187. Blandine. — Take of Albumen (white of egg) 6 ounces, Glycerin 10 
 ounces, Oil Bitter Almonds 10 drops. Mix the Albumen with the Glycerin, 
 and add the flavor ; pass several times through a muslin strainer to mix well 
 and remove any "lumps." This is a fine liquid preparation for the skin. As 
 the Glycerin is absorbed, a thin coating of Albumen is left on the surface, 
 which protects it from the air. 
 
 4188. Amandine. — This is a preparation intended to whiten and soften 
 the skin and prevent chaping, etc. Honey, strained, 2 ounces, White Soft 
 Soap (2908) 1 ounce, Liquor Potassa, 1 fl. drachm, Oil of Sweet Almonds 28 
 ounces, Oil of Bergamot i}4 drachm, Oil of Bitter Almonds 1% drachm, Oil 
 of Cloves 40 minims, Balsam Peru 40 minims. Rub the honey with the Soft 
 Soap in a mortar add the Liquor Potassa, and when thoroughly mixed gradu- 
 ally add the Almond Oil, with which the other oils have been previously 
 mixed, stirring them thoroughly to form an emulsion. 
 
 4189. Shaving Cream.— White Wax, Spermaceti, Almond Oil, each y 2 
 ounce, Shaving Soap, William's 2 small cakes, Rose Water 2 ounces. Melt 
 the Soap with the Rose Water in a wide mouth bottle. Melt the Wax Sper- 
 maceti and Almond Oil together and add to the warm solution of Soap, beat- 
 ing them all well together into a cream until cool. 
 
 Another formula is, William's Soap 8 ounces, Almond Oil, Cologne and 
 Glycerine each 1 ounce, Water 8 ounces, made in the same manner. 
 
 4190. Shaving Cream for Metal Tubes.— Lard 16 ounces, Spermaceti 1 
 ounce, Caustic Potassa 2 ounces, Alcohol ]/ 2 ounce, Oil Bitter Almond 20 
 minims, Water 16 ounces. Melt the Lard and Spermaceti together on a 
 sand-bath. Dissolve the Caustic Potassa in half the Water and gradually add 
 the solution to the melted Lard, etc., with gentle stirring. Dissolve the Oil of • 
 Almond in the Alcohol, mix with the Water and while the Soap is cooling 
 mix it thoroughly. This may be run into metal tubes while warm. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1135 
 
 Face and Toilet Powders, etc. 
 
 A great variety of Toilet and Face powders are found on the 
 market, some in the form of powder and some in the form of balls 
 or solid blocks or tablets. The following formulas represent the 
 most desirable kinds. 
 
 4191. Face Powder — (white). — Oxide of Zinc, English, Hubbuck's 6 
 ounces, Precipitated Chalk, English 6 ounces, Rice Flour, Bolted 16 ounces, 
 French Chalk, very fine powder, 4 ounces, Orris Root, in very fine powder, 4 
 ounces, Oil of Santal 60 minims, Oil of Cloves 20 minims. The Orris Root 
 must be reduced to an impalpable powder, and thoroughly mixed with the 
 other powders, the Oils are then to be rubbed with a portion of the powder, 
 and the remaining powder gradually added and thoroughly mixed. The chief 
 trouble usually experienced with Face Powders is to reduce them to the 
 proper fineness. This is especially the case when Orris Root is used, as it is 
 a very refractory substance to reduce to an impalpable powder. To obviate 
 this difficulty, the Extract of Orris (934), such as is used in perfumery; may be 
 used in place of the powdered root. It may be gradually mixed by rubbing 
 it with the powder, and the Alcohol evaporated off by exposing for a few 
 hours in the open air to gentle heat. This should be done before adding the 
 Essential Oils. 
 
 Flesh. The Flesh-tinted Powders may be prepared from this or any other 
 white powders, by first rubbing a little Carmine to an impalpable powder, 
 mixing it with a portion of the powder, and then gradually incorporating 
 more of the powder until the desired shade is obtained. It requires consider- 
 able care to incorporate the Carmine so that it will not be "streaked," and it 
 may therefore be advisable to add it in the form of a solution, first, with a 
 portion of the powder, and then with enough gradually added to make the 
 desired color. 
 
 4192. Swan-Down Face Powder. — Oxide of Zinc, Hubbuck's, 4 ounces, 
 Orris Root, in very fine powder, 1% ounce, French Chalk 4^ ounces. Mix 
 them thoroughly, perfume if desired. 
 
 4193. Peerless Face Powder.— French Chalk 2% ounces, Corn Starch 3 
 ounces, Oxide of Bismuth yi. ounce, Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces. Mix them. 
 
 4194. Bloom of Ninon Face Powder. — Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces, 
 Sub-Carbonate of Bismuth 1 ounce, Oxide of Zinc, Hubbuck's, 2%. ounces, 
 Corn Starch 4 ounces. Mix them thoroughly and perfume with Essence 
 of Orris and Rose. This is known also as Saunders Face Powder. 
 
 4195. Invisible Face Powder. — French Chalk 4 ounces, Calcined Mag- 
 nesia 1 ounce, Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces, Subcarbonate of Bismuth 1 ounce, 
 Carmine 30 grains. Mix them. 
 
 4196. Complexion Powder. — French Chalk 4;^ ounces. Precipitated 
 Chalk 3 oun es, Oxychlo le oi Bismuth [ounce. Mix them. 
 
1136 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 4197. Lily White Tablet.— The Lily White tablets and solid cakes and 
 balls that are found in the market consist mainly of Prepared or Precipitated 
 Chalk 4 parts, French Chalk 5 parts, ground together in a mill with water 
 sufficient to make a thick paste, and run into the desired form or cut, or 
 formed while still moist into the required shape. 
 
 4198. Rose or Violet Toilet Powder. — The ordinary Toilet or Baby 
 Powder which is used as a drier or dusting after washing, and by barbers 
 after shaving, may be made with Wheat Starch or Arrow Root, in fine powder, 
 1 pound, Oxide of Zinc or Oxide of Bismuth 4 ounces, Orris Root, in very 
 fine powder, 2>£ ounces. This may be perfumed with Essence of Rose for 
 Rose Powder, or with Essence of Orris for Violet Powder. 
 
 DENTIFRICES. 
 
 Dentifrices or cosmetics for the teeth are found in the market in 
 the forms of Tooth Powders, Tablets, Pastes, Washes and liquid 
 saponaceous compounds. They are mostly to be used on a brush, 
 and are put up in various ways to make them attractive and con- 
 venient for use. The following formulae represents the different 
 kinds of preparations which are in use : 
 
 Tooth Washes and Cosmetics. 
 
 4199. Balm of a Thousand Flowers. — This is a liquid dentifrice, also used 
 for softening the skin, shaving, etc. It may be made as follows : White 
 Castile Soap 2 ounces, Honey 4 ounces, Water 12 ounces, Alcohol 4 ounces, 
 Oil of Rose 3 drops, Oil of Wintergreen 10 drops, Oil of Cinnamon 5 drops, 
 Extract of Vanilla y 2 ounce. Dissolve the soap in the water by the aid of 
 heat, add the Honey ; dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and mix with the 
 solution of Soap, etc. After standing, filter. 
 
 4200. Oriental Tooth Wash. — Soap Bark (Ouillaya) 4 ounces, Orris 
 Root 2 ounces, Tannin 30 grains, Cloves 60 grains, Oil Wintergreen 2 
 drachms, Cologne Spirit enough to make 20 ounces. Grind the drugs to a 
 coarse powder and macerate for seven days in 1 pint of Cologne Spirit; pour 
 off the liquid and put the drugs in a percolator ; pour the liquid upon the 
 drugs and percolate, adding Cologne Spirit in the percolator until 20 ounces 
 of percolate are obtained. Dissolve the Oil of Wintergreen in the percolate, 
 and filter, if necessary. 
 
 4201. Saponaceous Tooth Wash. — White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Oil 
 Cloves, Oil Cinnamon each 10 minims, Oil Wintergreen 15 minims, Oil 
 Peppermint 20 minims, Hot Water 4 ounces, Alcohol or Cologne Spirit 10 
 ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces. Cut the Soap in thin shavings, and dissolve in 
 the Hot Water; dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Solution of Soap 
 and Glycerin, and color with Cochineal or Caramel, or both ; filter, add a little 
 Powdered Charcoal in the filter. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES, 1137 
 
 4202. Eau Angelique.— Angelica Root, true, yi ounce, Red Rose 
 Leaves 2 drachms, Cloves 90 grains, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, each, 60 grains, 
 Extract Vanilla yi ounce, Oil Peppermint 30 minims, Oil Wintergreen 20 
 minims, Cologne Spirit 14 ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces, Cochineal 8 grains. 
 Grind the drugs to a fine powder and macerate for seven days with the mixed 
 Glycerin and Cologne Spirit ; pour off the liquid and put the drugs in a per- 
 colator ; pour the liquid upon the drugs and percolate, adding enough 
 Cologne Spirit through the percolator to make 1 pint. Dissolve the Oils in 2 
 drachms of Cologne Spirit and mix with the liquid ; then add the Extract 
 Vanilla and filter, adding a little Powdered Charcoal in the filter. 
 
 4203. Balsamic Tooth Wash.— Compound Tincture of Benzoin, Tinc- 
 ture Tolu, Tincture Myrrh, each yi ounce, White Castile Soap 1 ounce, 
 Hot Water 10 ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 ounces, Oil Pepper- 
 mint 40 minims, Oil Wintergreen 20 minims, Oil Cloves 10 minims. Mix the 
 Tinctures and the Cologne Spirit, and dissolve the Oils in the mixture. Cut 
 the Soap in fine shavings, and dissolve in the Hot Water ; add the Glycerin 
 to this solution. Add the saponaceous solution very gradually to the solution 
 of Oils and Balsams, allow to stand twenty-four hours, shaking occasionally, 
 then filter, adding a little Powdered Charcoal to the filter. 
 
 The saponaceous solution can be best added to the balsamic solution by 
 putting a cork in a funnel so that it will be added drop by drop. 
 
 The solution of soap must always be added to the balsamic solution. 
 
 4204. Almond Tooth Cream. — Tincture Myrrh, Tincture Tolu, each 
 yi ounce, Oil Bitter Almonds 20 minims, Borax, powdered, yi ounce, 
 Glycerin 2 ounces, Hot Water 13 ounces. Mix the Tinctures, and dissolve 
 in the mixture the Oil of Bitter Almonds, dissolve the Borax in the Hot 
 Water and add the Glycerin, add the solution of Borax very gradually (by 
 dropping as directed in the previous formulae) to the Tinctures, etc. 
 
 4205. Carbolated Tooth Wash.— Carbolic Acid 20 grains, Alcohol 
 1 drachm, Eau Angelique 1 pint, dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the 
 Alcohol and add the Eau Angelique. Carbolic Acid may be added to any of 
 the other Tooth Washes, in the same proportion as above. It makes a 
 valuable addition in many cases, as it destroys the odor of decayed teeth and 
 offensive breath. 
 
 4206. Arnica Tooth Wash.— Arnica Flowers 1 ounce, Gum Myrrh 
 yi ounce, Cloves 60 grains, Cinnamon 60 grains, Oil Peppermint 40 
 minims, Cologne Spirit enough to make 1 pint, grind the drugs to a fine 
 powder and percolate with the Cologne Spirit until 1 pint is obtained, and 
 add the Oil of Peppermint, filter if necessary. 
 
 4207. " Sozodont."— This is a proprietary Dentifrice, a similar prepara- 
 tion may be made with White Castile Soap 1 % ounce av., Glycerin 4 fl.ounces, 
 Cologne Spirit 6 fl.ounces, Water 6 fl.ounces, I »il Peppermint 20 minims, 
 ( >il Wintergreen 30 minims, Oil Cloves, 10 minims, Extract Vanilla )i ounce, 
 cut the Soap in line shavings and dissolve it in the water by the aid of heat, 
 
1138 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 then add the Glycerin and Extract Vanilla, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol 
 and add, and after standing filter. 
 
 Tooth Pastes. 
 
 Tooth pastes are favorite dentifrices, made up in the form of a 
 soft mass and usually put up in flat earthen jars. 
 
 4208. Cherry Tooth Paste.— Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Powdered 
 Orris Root 8 ounces, Powdered Areca Nut 2 ounces, Powdered Cuttle Bone 
 2 ounces, Powdered Quillaya Bark 1 ounce, Borax, in powder, 1 ounce, Carmine , 
 in fine powder, or solution of Carmine, a sufficient quantity Oil of Cloves, 
 Oil of Nutmeg-, each 40 minims, Oil of Bitter Almond 30 minims, Oil of Rose 
 10 minims, Glycerin, Honey and Mucilage Acacia, equal quantities, each a 
 sufficient quantity to make into a mass, mix the powders first and color with 
 the Carmine or Carmine solution, then make into a mass. 
 
 4209. Saponaceous Tooth Paste.— Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces, Pow- 
 dered Orris Root 4 ounces, White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Powdered Borax 1 
 ounce, Powdered Myrrh y z ounce, Honey and Glycerin, equal parts, suffici- 
 ent to make a paste. This may be perfumed with Wintergreen, Cassia or 
 
 •other flavors, and colored with Carmine or Rose Pink, if desired. 
 
 4210. Odontine Paste. — French Chalk 8 ounces, Soap, in powder, 4 ounces, 
 Sugar 4 ounces, Gum Arabic, in powder, y 2 ounce, Peppermint Oil, Winter- 
 green Oil, each 1 drachm, Glycerin and Honey, sufficient to make a mass. 
 This may be colored if desired. 
 
 421 1. Charcoal Tooth Paste. — A Charcoal Tooth Paste may be made 
 by using 4 ounces of Charcoal, in fine powder, instead of the Soap, in the 
 foregoing formula. 
 
 4212. Tooth Paste for Metal Tubes. — A Tooth Paste for putting up in 
 metal tubes may be made from any of the foregoing formulas by making 
 them much thinner with the Glycerin and Honey than when they are to be 
 put up in jars or pots. 
 
 Tooth Powders. 
 
 Tooth Powders are the most frequently sold of any of the denti- 
 frices, probably because they are better known and are furnished at a 
 less price; a great variety are found in the market. The following 
 formulae make preparations similar to a few of the best. 
 
 4213. Tooth Powder. — General formula. — Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, 
 Powdered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Orris Root, in powder, 3 ounces, Powdered 
 Borax 1 ounce, Oil of Cloves 10 minims, Oil of Wintergreen 2 fl.drachms. 
 Carmine solution a sufficient quantity, mix the powders and with a small por 
 lion incorporate the Oils and sufficient of the Carmine solution to color the 
 
TOILET PREPARATION'S AND PERFUMES. 1139 
 
 batch, making a moist powder, to this gradually add the remainder of the 
 powder, rubbing the mixture well together until they are thoroughly mixed 
 and of uniform color and flavor. This may be flavored with other flavoring 
 oils in place of those mentioned, as desired, giving it an entirely different 
 flavor. Various substances may be added to this powder, changing it in 
 appearance, flavor, etc., but it is essentially the basis of all the other powders 
 and may be kept in stock for mixing other substances, as Powdered Pumice 
 Stone or Marble Dust may be used instead of Powdered Cuttle Bone, but the 
 latter is generally preferable. 
 
 4214. Carbolic Tooth Powder.— Mix Y 2 ounce of Carbolic Acid with 
 20 ounces of the foregoing, by rubbing it first with a small portion of the 
 powder and then incorporating with the remainder. 
 
 4215. Cinchona Tooth Powder.— Add 2 ounces of powdered Cinchona 
 Bark and 1 ounce of -powdered Myrrh to 20 ounces of the general Tooth 
 Powder (4213). 
 
 4216. Camphorated Tooth Powder. — Mix Camphor in fine powder 1 
 ounce with 20 ounces of the general Tooth Powder (4213), and when thor- 
 oughly mixed pass through a fine sieve. 
 
 4217. Quinine Tooth Powder.— Mix Sulphate of Quinine % ounce with" 
 20 ounces of the general Tooth Powder (4213). 
 
 4218. Rose Tooth Powder. — Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Powdered 
 Orris Root 4 ounces, Powdered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Carmine in fine powder 
 2 drachms, or sufficient to color, Oil of Rose 30 minims, Oil of Santal Wood 5 
 minims, Oil Cassia 5 minims, mix them well together as directed in the 
 general formula. 
 
 4219. Saponaceous Tooth Powder.— Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Pow- 
 dered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Powdered White Soap 4 ounces, Oil of Winter- 
 green 2 drachms, Oil of Calamus 10 minims, mix them well together. 
 
 It is needless to give further formulas for tooth powders, as an infinite 
 variety may be made in the same general manner as has been described in the 
 foregoing, it being only necessary to change the flavor, or color, and add 
 such other antiseptic or other ingredients as may be desired. 
 
 4220. Tooth Tablets. — These are simply tooth powders put up in the 
 form of cakes or squares, and may be made as follows: Powdered Cuttle 
 Bone or Pumice Stone 4 ounces, Orris Root, in powder, 4 ounces, Carbonate 
 of Magnesium 4 ounces, White Castile Soap 4 ounces, Gum Arabic, in fine 
 powder, 1 ounce, Water 6 ounces, Essence of Wintergreen 2 ounces. Beat 
 the Castile Soap and the Gum Arabic with the water and Essence of Winter- 
 green, and having mixed the other powders, gradually incorporate them widi 
 the mixture by working ill a mortar the same as a pill or lozenge mass. Then 
 roll out and cut out or mark as desired into squares, and dry them with 
 gentle heat. 
 
1140 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 Mouth Waters. 
 
 In this connection it is proper to give a few .ormulas for Mouth 
 Waters, which are used for rinsing the mouth and teeth, pre- 
 venting bad breath, etc. 
 
 4221. Eau de Botot or Mouth Water. — Anise Seed 10 ounces, Ceylon 
 Cinnamon 2% ounces, Cloves 75 grains, Cochineal y 2 ounce, Oil of Pepper- 
 mint l /z ounce, Alcohol sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces, grind the drugs and 
 macerate with the alcohol, then percolate until 20 ounces have passed and 
 dissolve the Oil of Peppermint in the percolate. This may be more readily 
 made with Oil of Anise % ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 1 drachm, Oil Pepper- 
 mint x / 2 ounce, Oil Cloves, 10 minims, dissolved in Alcohol 19 fl.ounces. A 
 teaspoonful of this is poured into half a glass of Warm Water for rinsing 
 the mouth and teeth. It may be applied to the teeth also with a brush, 
 simply to clean them. 
 
 4222. Salicylic Mouth Water.— Salicylic Acid 20 grains, Oil of Pepper- 
 mint 10 drops, Oil of Wintergreen 20 drops, Alcohol 2 fl.ounces, Orange 
 Flower Water, Distilled Water, each, 2^ fl.ounces, mix the Oils and Acid 
 with the Alcohol and add the Waters. This is to be diluted with 2 to 4 parts 
 of Water when used. 
 
 4223. Violet Mouth Water.— Extract of Orris Root (934) 8 ounces, 
 Essence of Rose (920) 8 ounces, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 drops, Alcohol 8 
 ounces, mix them. Use 1 teaspoonful in half a glass of water for rinsing the 
 mouth, etc. 
 
 HAIR PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Preparations for the Hair are put up by most all druggists, and 
 a great variety of Dyes, Restoratives, Tonics, Pomades, Cosmetics, 
 Oils, etc., are found in the market. The formulae for Dyes, Re- 
 storatives and Tonics have already been given in the Standard 
 Remedies Department, and the formulas which follow will be more 
 especially devoted to such as are classed with Toilet Preparations. 
 
 Depilatories. 
 
 Depilatories are preparations designed to remove superfluous hair, 
 by killing its roots. They are but little used. 
 
 4224. Depilatory Paste.— Freshly-slacked Lime 1 ounce, Starch in fine 
 powder 2 drachms, Glycerin 2 ounces, Water y z ounce ; heat the Starch with 
 the Glycerin on a sand-bath until it is gelatinized ; then mix the Lime with 
 the Water and stir with the paste until thoroughly mixed. The hair is to be 
 shaved off close, this is then to be applied and left on for only a few moments 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1141 
 
 {3 to 5 minutes), then removed and the part dressed with cream or soft 
 ointment. 
 
 4225. Depilatory Powder. — Arsenic 1 part, Quick Lime 8 parts, well 
 mixed together ; when used this is to be mixed with Glycerite of Starch, or 
 Soft Soap ; it should be freshly made when wanted. As this is quite poisonous 
 as well as caustic it should be handled with caution. 
 
 4226. Depilatory Liquid. — Quicklime, in powder, 1 ounce, Carbonate of 
 Potassium 1 ounce, Sugar 2 ounces, Water 4 ounces, boil them together and 
 after standing decant. The Caustic Liquid may be applied as it is or mixed 
 with starch paste. 
 
 Hair Dyes. 
 
 Formulas for Hair Dyes will be found on pages 1079, 1080; but 
 two more are appended' here. 
 
 4227. Bismuth Hair Dye.— Trisnitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce aw, Glycer- 
 ine 3'< flounces, dissolve the Bismuth in the Glycerine. When desired to 
 use mix the Dye with an equal quantity of Water and apply as usual. 
 
 4228. Vanadium Hair Dye.— This is applied with two preparations in 
 the same manner as the Nitrate of Silver Dye 4039, using the same mordant, 
 and then apply the Vanadium solution in the same manner as the Silver Dye. 
 The Vanadium Solution is made with Vanadate of Ammonium 10 grains, 
 dissolved in Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Hair Oils, Etc. 
 
 These are liquid preparations intended as a dressing for the hair 
 to keep it soft and glossy, clean the scalp, etc. A great variety of 
 such preparations may be made, but a few formulas only will be 
 necessary; for, with a good base, the perfumes may be varied to suit 
 the taste. The following bases may be used : 
 
 4229. Castor Oil Base for Hair Oil.— Castor Oil 12 (bounces, Alcohol 
 5 flounces. Mix them. As Castor Oil mixes in all preparations with Alco- 
 hol this may be made thinner if desired by using a larger proportion of 
 Alcohol. 
 
 4230. Other Hair Oil Bases.— Oil of Benne, Oil of Almond, Mustard 
 Seed oil. Oil of Cotton Seed, refined, Lard OH. Salad Oil, Hickory Nut Oil 
 
 a)i<l White Neutral Paraffin Oil, are all good bases for Hair Oils; they 
 may be perfumed with any combination of perfuming Oils desired, and colored 
 if desired as directed for coloring. 
 
 4231. Coloring for Hair Oils.— Hair Oils are best colored Red by infus- 
 ing them with Alkanet contained in a thin cotton bag, occasionally squeezing 
 out the coloring matter. No other substance gives s.> tine a red color to Oils 
 as this. The Oils may be heated or macerated cold, but it requires longer if 
 
1142 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 prepared cold. Other colors for Hair Oils are seldom required, but they can 
 be colored orange or yellow with Anatto, or green with fresh lawn grass. 
 
 4232. Walnut Hair Oil.— As a sample of Hair Oils that may be made 
 by macerating substances of various kinds in oils the following is given : 
 Crush 2 ounces of fresh green Walnut shells with % ounce of powdered 
 Alum to a smooth paste ; digest with 10 ounces of White Neutral Paraffin 
 Oil or any bland Vegetable Oil, as Cotton Seed or other oil, until all vapor 
 has been driven off, then strain and perfume as desired. Fresh Violet Flow- 
 ers, Rose or Orris or other odorous substances, may be macerated with Oil in 
 a similar manner. 
 
 Perfumes for Hair Oils. 
 
 Hair Oils may be perfumed as desired with perfuming Oils or 
 mixtures of Oils. The following mixtures for general use are 
 recommended: 
 
 4233. Rose Oil Perfume, cheap.— Oil of Bergamot 4 ounces, Oil of 
 Citronella 1 ounce, Oil of Cassia or Cinnamon 3 drachms, Oil of Cloves >£ 
 drachm. Mix them. Of this, from 3 to 6 drachms or more may be used for 
 each pint of Oil. If finer perfumes are desired without regard to expense, 
 from 1 to 3 ounces of Bulk Perfume of any odor may be used in place of an 
 equal quantity of Alcohol in the Castor Oil Base, or the following combina- 
 tions of Fatty Perfuming Oils, etc., may be used to mix with any of the other 
 Hair Oil bases. The fatty Oils mentioned in the formulas are made by mace- 
 rating the fresh flowers in Almond or Olive Oil. They are imported and may 
 be obtained of New- York jobbing houses. These perfumes can also be 
 used for fine pomades or stick cosmetics. 
 
 4234. Fine Rose Oil Perfume. — Oil or Otto of Rose 2 parts, Oil of Rose 
 Geranium 4 parts, Oil of Patchouli 1 part, Oil of Jasmine, fatty, 10 parts, Oil 
 of Tuberose, fatty, 10 parts, Oil of Violet, fatty, 5 parts. Mix them. This 
 may be used as is necessary to perfume the Oil, from 2 drachms to 1 ounce 
 being used to each pint of Oil. 
 
 4235. Fine Orange Flower Perfume.— Oil of Neroli, Bigarade, 1 part, 
 Oil of Neroli, Petit Grain, Oil of Jasmine, fatty, 10 parts. Mix them. This 
 may be used the same as the foregoing. 
 
 4236. Hang Hang Perfume. — Oil of Hang Hang 1 part, Oil of Tuberose, 
 fatty, 10 parts, Oil of Violet, fatty, 5 parts. Mix them. This maybe used 
 the same as the foregoing. Other combinations may be made in the same 
 manner. 
 
 Hair Growers. 
 
 For promoting the growth of the hair many preparations of an 
 oily nature are used. Several such preparations are noticed under 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1143 
 
 Hair Tonics ; the following are added in this department. These 
 are particularly used for thin or falling hair, baldness, etc. 
 
 4237. Hair Grower. — Neutral Paraffin Oil or Cotton Seed Oil 1 pint, 
 Cantharides, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Alkanet Root, in coarse powder, 
 Yz ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 5 minims, Oil of Lemon 30 minims, Oil of Citro- 
 nella 10 minims, Oil of Bergamot 60 minims. Enclose the Cantharides and 
 Alkanet in a coarse muslin bag and digest in the Oil by the aid of a water- 
 bath at a moderate heat for 1 2 hours, occasionally squeezing the bag, and 
 then, when cool, add the perfuming oils. 
 
 4238. Bay Hair Grower.— Castor Oil 10 ounces av., Tincture of Can- 
 tharides (1880) 1 fl. ounce, Cologne Spirit 5 flounces, Oil of Bay Leaves 20 
 minims, Oil of Pimento 5 minims, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims. Mix them. 
 This may be colored red if desired with Tincture of Alkanet. 
 
 4239. Cocoaine or Cocoa Cream. — Cocoanut Oil 1 ounce, Castor Oil 8 
 ounces, Cologne Spirit 7 ounces, Oil of Bergamot 1 drachm, Oil of Lemon y 2 
 drachm. Melt the Cocoanut Oil by gentle heat and add it to the Castor Oil 
 previously warmed, add the Cologne Spirit and, when cool, the flavoring Oils. 
 
 4240. Tricophorus. — Castor Oil 8 ounces, Alcohol 8 ounces, Oil Berga- 
 mot \]/z drachms, Tincture Cantharides (1880) 2 drachms, Tincture Alkanet, 
 sufficient to color a light red. Mix. 
 
 4241. Hair Grower Pomade.— Petrolatum 1 pound, Tincture of Can- 
 tharides \% ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 10 minims, Oil of Bergamot 60 minims, 
 Oil of Citronella 20 minims, Oil of Cloves 5 minims. Melt the Petrolatum, 
 add the tincture, and while cooling add the oils. 
 
 Hair Lotions. 
 
 Hair Lotions differ from Hair Oils in containing but little or no 
 oil. They arc applied more freely to the hair and intended to pro- 
 mote its growth, and give it a gloss or luster, also to clean the scalp 
 and remove dandruff, eruptions, etc. 
 
 4242. Almond Hair Lotion.— Cologne 4 ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, Water 
 of Ammonia y 2 ounce, Bitter Almond or Cherry Laurel Water 4 ounces. 
 Mix them. 
 
 4243. Bay Hair Lotion.— Make the same as the foregoing, only use Bay 
 Rum instead of Cologne. 
 
 4244. Rose Hair Lotion.— Make the same as the first mentioned, but 
 use Rose Water instead of Almond Water. Many others may be made in 
 the same manner. 
 
 4245. Stimulating Hair Lotion.— For thin hair, baldness, etc., Tincture 
 of Cantharides 1 [880) 2 drachms, Acetic Ether 2 drachms, Glycerin 2 ounces, 
 Bay Rum 6 ounces. Mix them. Cologne diluted with an equal quantity of 
 Water may be used instead of Bay Rum. 
 
1144 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 4246. Bay Rum. — A great many formulas for Bay Rum have been pub- 
 lished, but we have seen no reason to change the formula which we published 
 many years ago, which quite closely imitates the imported distilled Bay Rum, 
 and gives excellent satisfaction. It was as follows : Oil of Bay Leaves 2 
 fl. drachms, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims, Oil of Pimenta 15 minims, Acetic 
 Ether 15 minims. Caustic Soda, or concentrated Lye, 2 drachms, Cologne 
 Spirit yA pints, Water 4^ pints. Grass-green coloring, sufficient. Mix the 
 oils and dissolve them in the Cologne Spirit, dissolve the Caustic Soda in the 
 Water and gradually add the solution to the Alcoholic solution of the oils, 
 then add the Acetic Ether and enough of the green coloring to give the de- 
 sired color, and after standing a few days filter through a glass funnel without 
 using a filter rack or any metallic substance. 
 
 4247. Shampoo Liquids.— Two kinds of Shampoo Liquids are used, the 
 " wet " and the "dry." the former being intended to be used with a quantity 
 of Water to wash the head and the other to be applied in small quantities 
 and the hair rubbed until nearly dry. Of the former the two formulas are 
 given. 
 
 4248. Barbers' Shampoo.— Carbonate of Potassium (Salts of Tartar) 90 
 grains, Water of Ammonia 3 fl. ounces, Cologne 2 flounces, Water, sufficient 
 to make 2 pints. Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4249. Clifford's Shampoo Compound. — Borax 1 2 ounces, Salts of Tartar 
 4 ounces. Mix and dissolve 1 ounce of the mixture in 1 pint of Water when 
 wanted for use. 
 
 4250. Dry Shampoo. — Cologne 1 ounce, Alcohol 2 ounces, Water of 
 Ammonia 3 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Mix them. This is applied and the 
 hair rubbed until the lather first formed has dried. 
 
 4251. Sea Foam.— Bay Rum 3 n.ounces, Water of Ammonia 3 fl.ounces, 
 Water 10 fl.ounces. Mix them. 
 
 4252. Quillaya Sea Foam.— Tincture of Quillaya 2 ounces, Cologne or 
 Bay Rum 2 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Mix them. This does away with the 
 odor of Ammonia, which is disagreeable to many. 
 
 Pomades. 
 
 Pomades for the hair are fatty preparations of the consistence of 
 ointments. They were formerly made of beef marrow, suet, washed 
 lard, or a mixture of fats, generally perfumed and colored, but were 
 quite liable to spoil or become rancid by standing. Since the intro- 
 duction of Petrolatum it has, in this country, taken the place of other 
 fats as a basis for pomades, as it is of about the right consistence, 
 and never becomes rancid nor deteriorates. It is therefore directed 
 in the following formulas, but if preferred, the purified suet directed 
 for making stick pomades (4256) may be used as a base. 
 
 4253. Barbers' Pomade.— Petrolatum 16 ounces, Oil of Bergamot 60 
 minims, Oil of Citronella 20 minims, Oil of Cassia 10 minims, Oil of Cloves 5 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1145 
 
 minims. Melt the petrolatum and while cooling, but still liquid, add the oils 
 and mix thoroughly. If finer perfume is desired without regard to expense 
 the fine perfumes given under Hair Oils may be used. 
 
 4254. Fine Pomades. — By mixing equal parts of Petrolatum with various 
 Flower Pomades No. 24, and, if necessary, adding additional perfume, a great 
 variety of Fine Pomades may be made, as Acacia or Cassia Pomade, Rose 
 Pomade, Orange Flower Pomade, Violet Pomade, etc. They may also be 
 made by mixing Petrolatum with Purified Suet (4256), equal parts, and scent- 
 ing with fine perfuming Oils as directed for Stick Pomades. It is unneces- 
 sary to give detailed formulas. 
 
 4255. — Pomade Hongroise or Moustache Wax.— White Wax 1 ounce, 
 Powdered Castile Soap x /z ounce, Gum Arabic, powdered, yi ounce, Rose Water 
 1 ounce, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims, Oil of Thyme 3 drops. Melt the Gum 
 Arabic and the Soap in the Rose Water by gentle heat, then, having previ- 
 ously melted the Wax, add it gradually to the mixture, stirring them con- 
 stantly ; while cooling, add the perfume. 
 
 It is usually put up in jars or pots. 
 
 Stick Pomades or Cosmetics. 
 
 These are pomades of much firmer consistence than the foregoing, 
 containing considerable wax, and run in sticks. They are used for 
 the moustache and whiskers, and for making the hair lay where it 
 is wanted. 
 
 4256. Stick Cosmetic Base.— Take 10 pounds of fresh Beef Suet, cut it 
 in small pieces, pound it in a mortar and wash it thoroughly several times in 
 pure cold Water. Then put over the fire and slowly " try it out," not allow- 
 ing it to come to a boil (as that develops the disagreeable animal odor), add 
 to it when melted 2 x / 2 drachms powdered Alum and about the same amount 
 of Salt, then let it come to a simmer, remove the scum that rises, and strain 
 through a fine wire or muslin strainer, into a deep dish partly filled with hot 
 Water. Allow it to stand 2 or 3 hours, that all impure matter may settle, 
 then remove from the dish, melt and mix 1 ounce powdered Gum Benzoin, 
 and y z pint Rose Water, bring to a boil and simmer for a few minutes, 
 skimming off all that rises to the top, add to it x / 2 gallon boiling water, agitate 
 and stir thoroughly and at last pour off into a shallow pan to cool. This 
 makes the same kind of purified grease that is used in making perfumed 
 Pomades. It will keep for any length of time sweet and pure, without be- 
 coming rancid, and is suited well for making any of the harder kinds of 
 Pomades, Cosmetiques, etc. 
 
 To make the Stick Pomade; take of the Purified Suet thus prepared m 1 . 
 Ounces, White Wax or Paraffin l>£ ounce. Perfume as desired. This is 
 sufficient to make 1 dozen 1 ounce sticks of Pomade, which in. i\ be made l'\ 
 
 running in suitable moulds. 
 The base may be perfumed with the mixtures of perfuming oils as given 
 
1 140 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 under hair oils, or as follows : The quantity of perfuming oils stated being 
 for 12 ounces of the base. This may be variously perfumed with other in- 
 gredients, or colored brown with umber, black with ivory black, etc. 
 
 4257. Almond Cosmetic— 30 minims Essential Oil of Almonds. 
 
 4258. Bay Cosmetic— 30 minims Oil of Bay. 
 
 4259. Cassia Cosmetic. — 30 minims Oil of Cassia. 
 
 4260. Orange Flower Cosmetic— 20 minims Oil of Neroli. 
 
 4261. Rose Geranium Cosmetic— 30 minims Oil Rose Geranium. 
 
 4262. Santalina Cosmetic— 30 minims Santal Wood Oil, 5 drops Oil 
 Rose. 
 
 4263. Verbena Cosmetic— 20 minims Oil Lemon Grass. 
 
 4264. White Rose Cosmetic— 10 minims Oil Rose, 3 minims Oil 
 Patchouly. 
 
 4265. Ylang Ylang Cosmetic. — 10 minims Oil Ylang Ylang, 3 minims 
 Oil Rose. 
 
 Hair Powders. 
 
 For powdering the hair white ordinary powdered starch scented 
 with some kind of bulk perfume is generally used. The perfume 
 may be rubbed with a small quantity of the powder first and then 
 with the remainder gradually added. 
 
 Silver powder is made from mica, coarsely ground, and gold pow- 
 der from gold colored mica or Tinsel ground or finely cut. 
 
 COSMETIC ICES AND JELLIES. 
 
 The most familiar preparation of this kind is Camphor Ice, which 
 is considerably used for sun-burn, tan, chap, chafe, etc. Cold 
 cream is a softer preparation much used for the same purpose. 
 Formulas for both of these have been given under other headings 
 (3709), (4094), and a few only will be given here. 
 
 4266. Camphor Ice with Glycerin.— Paraffin or White Wax 4 ounces, 
 White Petrolatum or Washed Lard 1 2 ounces, Camphor 3 ounces, Glycerin 3 
 ounces, Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims, Oil of Rose 5 minims, Oil of Cloves 
 5 minims. Melt the Paraffin and Petrolatum together and remove from the 
 fire, add the Camphor in powder and keep warm until the Camphor is dis- 
 solved, then strain, and while cooling add the Glycerin and Perfuming Oils, 
 beating them well together until it is cool enough to set, when run into cold 
 moulds or a flat pan on ice. It may then be cut up as desired. 
 
 4267. Carbolated Camphor Ice. — This may be made by adding 2 ounces 
 of Carbolic Acid to the ingredients of the formula 4094. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1147 
 
 4268. Carbolated Camphor Ice with Glycerin.— This may be made by 
 adding 1 ounce of Carbolic Acid to the ingredients of the formula for Cam- 
 phor Ice with Glycerin (4266). 
 
 4269. Glycerin, Honey or Jelly. — Solidified Glycerin. — Transparent 
 Soap 4 ounces, Water 6 ounces, Glycerin 12 ounces, Oil Bergamot 20 minims, 
 Oil Cloves 10 minims, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 minims. Cut the Soap in thin 
 shavings and dissolve in an evaporating dish with the Water, when dissolved 
 add the Glycerin and boil for one hour or until the vapor of Water no longer 
 rises, and the liquid measures only 1 pint, when nearly cool stir in the essen- 
 tial oils and pour into a shallow pan or boxes designed for the preparation ; 
 the perfume may be varied to suit, by using other combinations. This makes 
 transparent Jelly. 
 
 4270. Glycerin Jelly.— Another method of making this is as follows : 
 White Castile Soap, in powder, 140 parts, Pure Glycerin 210 parts, Oil of 
 Almonds, expressed, 1260 parts for winter use, or 1680 parts for summer use, 
 Oil of Bergamot 8 parts, Oil of Rose 2 parts, Oil of Lavender 4 parts, mix 
 the powdered Soap and the Glycerin in a Mortar, then add the Oil of 
 Almonds and incorporate it by triturating rapidly and add the perfume. This 
 Jelly is not transparent. 
 
 4271. Camphorated Glycerin Honey or Jelly. — This may be made by 
 adding %. ounce of Powdered Camphor to the Glycerin Honey while warm. 
 
 4272. Carbolated Glycerin Honey.— This may be prepared by adding 
 Carbolic Acid % ounce to the Glycerin Honey while warm, the same may 
 also be added to the Camphorated Glycerin Honey if desired. 
 
 4273. Glycerine Ice.— Gelatine 2 ounces, Water 6 ounces, Glycerin 14 
 ounces, perfuming Oils to suit. Dissolve the Gelatin in the Water by the heat 
 of a water- bath, add the Glycerin previously heated, boil until only 1 pint 
 remains and strain, while cooling incorporate the perfumes, and pour into 
 shallow tins, this may be colored red or other color if desired. It resembles 
 Ice. To apply it the skin should first be moistened with Water and the cake 
 rubbed over it. 
 
 4274. Glycerine Jelly. — Gelatin 1 ounce, Glycerin 1 pint, Boric Acid, in 
 fine powder, 2 drachms, Water 1 pint, Bulk Perfume 1 or 2 ounces. Soak the 
 Gelatin in the Water until soft, then heat until dissolved, add the Glycerin 
 and Boric Acid and strain while cooling, add the perfume and mix thoroughly, 
 this is a thin or soft Jelly and should be put up in pots or jars. It is an excel- 
 lent preparation for chap, chafe and roughness of the skin. 
 
 4275. Arnica Jelly. — This may be made by adding 4 fl. ounces of Tincture 
 of Arnica to the Solution of ( u-latin, and boiling the solution until only 1 pint 
 remains, then adding the Glycerin, etc., as before. The firm Arnica Jelly 
 may be made by adding Tincture Arnica 2 ounces, to each pint of any of the 
 former preparations before adding the Glycerin, etc., other substances may 
 be combined with the Jellies in the same manner. 
 
1148 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 LOTIONS. 
 
 Lotions are intended to whiten and soften the skin, remove pimples, 
 tan, freckles, sunburn, etc. The milks are also included under this 
 heading, as they are employed for similar purposes. 
 
 4276. Moth and Freckle Lotion.— Bichloride of Mercury 60 grains, 
 Chloride of Ammonium 240 grains, Alcohol 3 flounces, Rose or Orange 
 Flower Water 3 fl. ounces, Water 10 flounces. Rub the corrosive sublimate to 
 a fine powder and dissolve it in the Alcohol, dissolve the Chloride of Ammo- 
 nium in the Water, add the Rose or Orange Flower Water and mix with the 
 Alcoholic solution, after standing a day or two, filter. This may be applied 
 once or twice a day with a soft sponge or linen cloth and will quickly remove 
 moth or freckles, tan, etc. 
 
 4277. Anti-Freckle Lotion.— Bichloride of Mercury 12 grains, Hydro- 
 chloric Acid 3 fl. drachms, Bitter Almonds i l / 2 ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, 
 Tincture Benzoin 2 drachms, Orange Flower Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 Dissolve the Bichloride of Mercury in 3 ounces of the Orange Flower Water, 
 add the Hydrochloric Acid and set aside. Blanch the Almonds and bruise 
 them to a paste in a mortar with the Glycerin and add sufficient Orange 
 Flower Water to make about 12 ounces of Cream or Milk of Almonds, add 
 to this the Tincture of Benzoin, drop by drop, rubbing them well together, 
 then add the solution of Bichloride of Mercury, and enough Orange Flower 
 Water to make a pint and strain the whole forcibly through a cheese cloth 
 strainer to remove the coarser particles of Almond. 
 
 4278. Freckle Lotion. — Sulpho-Carbolate of Zinc % ounce av., Glycerin 
 3 ounces av., Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Orange Flower Water 3 fl. ounces, Rose 
 Water sufficient to make a pint. Mix, dissolve and filter. 
 
 4279. Face Lotion.— Bitter Almonds, Sweet Almonds, each, 1 ounce, 
 Oil of Almonds 1 ounce, Spermaceti l / z ounce, Borax, in powder, % ounce, 
 Glycerin 4 ounces, Rose or Orange Flower Water sufficient to make a pint. 
 Blanch the Almonds and reduce them to a uniform paste, by beating in a 
 mortar and then rubbing with the Glycerin. Rub the Spermaceti in another 
 mortar previously warmed with the Oil of Almonds, and beat until dissolved. 
 Dissolve the Borax in half a pint of the perfumed Water, and having gradu- 
 ally added the warm Oil solution to the emulsion of Almonds in the mortar, 
 rubbing them constantly, then add the solution of Borax and shake them well 
 together, then add enough of the perfumed Water to make a pint and strain 
 the mixture through coarse cheese cloth to remove larger particles of Almond. 
 
 4280. Pimple Lotion. — Carbolic Acid 1 drachm, Borax 4 drachms, 
 Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, Tannin 2 drachms, Alcohol 3 fl. ounces, Rose Water 10 
 flounces, mix and dissolve. Apply night and morning. 
 
 4281. Milk of Almonds. — Bitter Almond, Sweet Almond, each 1 ounce, 
 Alcohol Glycerin, each, 3 ounces, Oil of Bitter Almonds 30 minims. Water 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1149 
 
 sufficient to make a pint. Blanch the Almonds, beat to a paste, add the 
 Glycerin, dissolve the Oil of Almonds in the Alcohol and add, then add 
 enough Water to make a pint and strain through cheese cloth to remove the 
 coarser particles of Almond. This may also be made by mixing i ]A. ounce 
 Expressed Oil of Almond with 8 ounces of Water, in which ]/z ounce of Borax 
 has been dissolved and adding to the mixture 3 ounces of Glycerin, and 3 
 ounces of Alcohol in which 10 drops of Essential Oil of Almond is dissolved, 
 and Water enough to make 1 pint. This is used as a bland application for 
 sunburn, tan, etc., also as a vehicle for other medicinal substances. 
 
 4282. Milk of Roses. — This may be made in the same manner as Milk 
 of Almond, except that Oil of Rose 1 5 drops, instead of Essential Oil of 
 Bitter Almond, and Rose Water instead of Water, are to be used with the 
 other ingredients. Another formula is Sweet Almonds, blanched, 4 ounces, 
 Rose Water 1 pint, Alcohol 2 ounces, Oil of Rose 20 minims, White Wax, 
 Spermaceti, Castile Soap, each, 2 drachms. The Almonds are blanched and 
 beat with the Rose Water ; the Wax Soap and Spermaceti are melted 
 together by water-bath and the Almond Emulsion is gradually mixed by 
 rubbing in a warm mortar with the melted ingredients. The Alcohol in 
 which the Oil of Rose is dissolved is then added to the mixture. By using 
 Pistachio Nuts instead of Almonds, a finer preparation may be made. 
 
 4283. Lait Virginal. — Tincture of Benzoin l / z ounce, Cologne 2 ounces, 
 Glycerin 2 ounces, Rose Water or other Perfumed Water 12 ounces; mix the 
 Tincture of Benzoin with the Cologne, and having mixed the Water and 
 Glycerin arrange a funnel in such a manner that the latter mixture will fall 
 drop by drop into the former, by which process little or no precipitation of 
 the resinous matter is formed, but a fine, smooth, milky preparation is pro- 
 duced. This is much used as a wash for the complexion. Tincture of 
 Myrrh, or Tincture of Tolu, may be used instead of Tincture of Benzoin in 
 this preparation. 
 
 4284. Glycerin Lotions. — Quite a variety of preparations are, sold as 
 Glycerin Lotions, the most common being Rose Water and Glycerin, equal 
 parts of each, mixed ; or two parts of Rose Water to one of Glycerin. Lime 
 Juice and Glycerin, usually made with equal parts of Lime Juice, Glycerin 
 Rose Water, is also a favorite application for tan and freckles, and is some- 
 times applied to the hair. Other Waters may be used instead of Rose Water ; 
 Cherry Laurel or Orange Elower Water, making fine preparations. 
 
 4285. Hair Gloss.— Glycerin 12 ounces, Cologne 4 ounces. Mix them. 
 Hair Gloss may also be made with Glycerin and Rose Water, or Orange 
 Flower Water, mixed equal parts by measure. 
 
 LIP SALVES AND COSMETICS. 
 Lip Salves are used for softening the lips, preventing them from 
 cra< king, curing sores, etc., and arc sometimes employed to impart 
 
1150 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 a color to them. The following formulas will suffice. Lip Salves 
 are usually put up in small metal, glass or porcelain boxes. 
 
 4286. Lip Salve.— Oil of Sweet Almond 4 ounces. White Wax, Sper- 
 maceti, each, 1 ounce, Essential Oil of Almonds, Oil of Bay Leaves, each, 
 15 drops. Melt the Wax and Spermaceti together, add the Almond Oil and 
 while cooling the Perfuming Oils, and stir constantly until cold. 
 
 4287 Lip Salve.— The foregoing preparation is liable to deteriorate by 
 age, this one will keep indefinately and is to be preferred. Petrolatum 8 
 ounces, White Wax or Paraffin 1 ]4. ounce, Tannin 1 drachm, Oil of Lavender, 
 Oil of Bergamot, each, 1 drachm, Oil of Rose Geranium 2 drachms. Melt 
 the Petrolatum and wax together and add the Tannin ; while cooling, add the 
 oils and stir until cold. 
 
 4288. Coral Lip Salve. — This may be made by adding to either of the 
 foregoing iormulas, 10 grains of Carmine for each ounce of the lip salve. It 
 is best reduced to a fine powder in a mortar and then rubbed with a small 
 portion of the salve, to a smooth mass, the remainder being gradually mixed 
 with it. 
 
 NAIL COSMETICS. 
 
 Powder and ointment for the nails is sometimes called for as 
 toilet preparations, and may readily be made by druggists. 
 
 4289. Nail or Manicure Powder.— This is for polishing, smoothing and 
 cleaning the nails. Pumice Stone, in powder, 8 ounces, Powdered French 
 Chalk 2 ounces, Carmine No. 40, in powder, 1 drachm, Bulk Perfume, Rose 
 or Violet y 2 ounce. 
 
 4290. Nail or Manicure Salve.— This is for softening the nails, curing 
 hang nails, etc. Petrolatum 1 ounce, Castile Soap, in powder, 1 drachm, Oil 
 of Bergamot 10 drops, or other more expensive perfuming Oils if desired. 
 Mix them thoroughly. This is to be applied at night and the fingers covered 
 with gloves. 
 
 PERFUMES FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF. 
 
 Handkerchief Extracts, or "Perfumes" as they are popularly 
 called, are kept by nearly all druggists and constitute quite an im- 
 portant part of their trade. It will be inexpedient in this volume to 
 give anything but a brief outline of the manner of making them, 
 and a very few formulas for the more popular odors. They are 
 made by but few druggists, — not because they are difficult to make, 
 but because it is difficult and expensive to obtain the material requi- 
 site to manufacture them. The following are the extracts, essences, 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1151 
 
 etc., necessary to be made and kept on hand for the manufacture of 
 perfumes. The processes are adapted to the conveniences always 
 at hand. Perfume Laboratories are supplied with machinery for 
 the purpose. 
 
 CLASS A. 
 
 Extracts of Flowers from Pomades. 
 
 The Pomades used for making these Extracts are prepared by 
 Eufleurage (see page 645), and may be obtained of perfumers and 
 New- York jobbers. They cost from $2.00 to $2.50 per pound, some 
 of them, as Violet, costing much more. 
 
 4291. To make Triple Extracts from Pomades.— First. Take equal 
 parts, by weight, of the required Pomade and the strongest Cologne Spirit 
 (Deodorized Alcohol). Divide the Pomade into three equal parts, and put 
 one part (one-third) of the Pomade and all of the Cologne Spirit in a glass 
 or copper jar that will hold double the quantity, and can be stopped air-tight. 
 (An ordinary glass fruit jar is just the thing for small quantities.) 
 
 Put the jar in a water-bath, and keep at only a moderate heat (just sufficient 
 to keep the Pomade melted) for three or four days, agitating frequentjy, then 
 remove from the water-bath, cool, and pour the liquid extract from the 
 Pomade. This product may be termed the Single Extract. 
 
 Second. Take another part (one-third) of the fresh Pomade, and macerate 
 it in the same manner as before, with the Extract which has been obtained 
 from the first maceration. This product may be termed the Double Extract. 
 
 Third. Take the remaining third of the fresh Pomade, and macerate it in 
 the same manner as before, with the product of the previous macerations. 
 
 When this maceration is completed, surround the jar containing the Pomade 
 and Extract with ice, that all particles of fatty matter may be congealed. 
 When thoroughly cold, pour off the Extract, straining through a little cotton 
 wool into bottles, and keep closely stopped. 
 
 This constitutes the Triple Extract, and is the finest and strongest Extract 
 that can be obtained. 
 
 The Pomade that remains after the Extract has been poured off may be 
 again treated in a similar manner with Fresh Cologne Spirit, and the product 
 will be a very fine Extract, but not as strong as the first. It will, perhaps, 
 about correspond to the Single Extract, which may be used for another batch, 
 or for making Colognes or cheap Perfumes. 
 
 After the Pomade has been thus successively treated, it is called Washed 
 Pomade, and is very good for making Cosmetics and Pomades for the hair. 
 
 The following list embraces the Extracts made in the manner described, 
 from Pomades readily obtainable in the market. 
 
 4292. Triple Extract Cassie or Acacia. — From Cassie Pomade. 
 
 4293. Triple Extract Jasmine.— From Jasmine Pomade. 
 
1152 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 4294. Triple Extract Orange Flowers.— From Orange Flower Pomade. 
 
 4295. Triple Extract Rose. — From Rose Pomade. 
 
 4296. Triple Extract Tuberose.— From Tuberose Pomade. 
 
 4297. Triple Extract Violet.— From Violet Pomade. 
 
 Others may be made in the same manner. 
 
 The Extracts as thus prepared, are used only for combinations. They 
 require something to give them permanence before putting up for sale, and 
 Handkerchief Extracts of the same name contain such additions. 
 
 CLASS B. 
 
 Essences from Essential Oils. 
 
 These are simply solutions of the best quality of Ottos or Essen- 
 tial Oils, in the strongest Cologne Spirit (deodorized Alcohol). 
 
 They are chiefly used in combining with other perfumes, and they 
 should be kept on hand, prepared in small quantities ready for use. 
 
 { Oil of Bitter Almonds 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
 \ Oil of Bergamot 1 part, 
 
 I Cologne Spirit 9 parts. 
 
 i Oil of Cassia, 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
 ) Oil of Cloves 1 part, 
 
 /. Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 
 
 \ Oil of Lavender, English, . . . 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit 9 parts. 
 
 \ Oil of Lemon, 1 part, 
 
 I Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
 \ Oil of Lemon-grass, 1 part, 
 
 I Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 
 
 S Oil of Neroli (Bigarade), . . . . 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 
 
 ) Oil of Orange Peel 1 part, 
 
 t. Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
 4298. Essence Almond. — 
 
 4299. Essence Bergamot. 
 
 4300. Essence Cassia. — 
 
 4301. Essence Cloves. — 
 
 4302. Essence Lavender.- 
 
 4303. Essence Lemon.— 
 
 4304. Essence Lemon-grass or Verbena. 
 
 4305. Essence Neroli. - 
 
 4306. Essence Orange.— 
 
 4307. Essence Patchouly. 
 
 J Oil of Patchouly 1 part, 
 
 I Cologne Spirit, 20 parts. 
 
 _ _ _, \ Oil of Rose (best Kissanlik) . . . . 1 part, 
 4308. Essence Rose.— , _ , „ . . , 
 
 H > Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 
 
 4309. Essence Rose Geranium. 
 
 \ Oil Rose Geranium, . . . 1 part, 
 ( Cologne Spirit, ... 20 parts. 
 
 \ Oil of Rosemary 1 part, 
 
 4310. Essence Rosemary.— . J 
 
 ' Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1153 
 
 _ _ , . \ Oil Santalwood (true), i part, 
 
 431 1. Essence Santal.— . „ , „ . . v 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 20 parts. 
 
 „ „, , T , ) Oil Ylang Ylang 1 part, 
 
 4312. Essence YlaHg Ylang.— '> „ , ° . . , 
 
 ^ s s \ Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 
 
 CLASS C. 
 
 Extracts or Tinctures from Odorous Substances. 
 
 These are Extracts or Tinctures of Odorous Substances that are 
 used in Perfumes, chiefly to give permanence to the more volatile 
 odors. They should be kept on hand ready to combine as desired. 
 Most of them require long maceration to extract their odorous 
 principle. 
 
 4313. Extract Ambergris.— \ ' a ' .' ' , ' 
 ^° ° & / Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 
 
 Rub the Ambergris fine and macerate for thirty days in warm place, in 
 
 a tightly stopped bottle. 
 
 4314. Extract Angelica.- 
 
 ( Angelica Root (true) 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 4 parts. 
 
 Reduce the Angelica Root to coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days, 
 with the Cologne Spirit. Press out and filter. 
 
 4315. Extract Civet.-] Civet,. I part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, ........ 60 parts. 
 
 Macerate for thirty days in a tightly stopped bottle in a warm place. 
 
 r Fine Grain Musk, 2 parts, 
 
 4316. Extract Musk.— 1 Carbonate of Potassium 1 part, 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, 120 parts. 
 
 Macerate for thirty days in a warm place in a tightly stopped bottle. 
 
 4317- Extract Musk Root or Sumbul.- j Sumbul Root ' ■ • J P art ' 
 
 ' Cologne Spirit, . . 4 parts. 
 
 Reduce the Musk Root to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days. 
 
 Express and filter. 
 
 4318. Extract Musk Seed or Ambrette.— \ Musk Seed ' " ' l part ' 
 
 ( Cologne Spirit, . 4 parts. 
 Macerate for thirty days. Express and filter. 
 
 r Orris Root 3 parts, 
 
 4319. Extract Orris or Violet.— •' Cologne Spirit enough to 
 
 '. make 4 parts. 
 
 Reduce the Orris Root to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days 
 with four parts of Cologne Spirit, then transfer to a percolator and percolate, 
 adding fresh Spirit through the percolator until four parts are obtained. This 
 is much used as a substitute for Violet. 
 
 4320. Extract Tonqua.- } JojiquaBeans 1 part, 
 
 ' < ologne Spirit 9 parts. 
 
 Cut the beans fine, crush, and macerate for thirty days. 
 
1154- TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 _ . t ,. ... \ Vanilla i part, 
 
 4321. Extract Vanilla.— }_,'.. F 
 
 f Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 
 
 Cut the Vanilla in fine pieces and rub with White Sand to a coarse powder, 
 add the Cologne Spirit and macerate for thirty days in a warm place. 
 
 JWild Ginger (Canada Snake 
 Root), 1 part, 
 . Cologne Spirit, 4 parts. 
 
 Reduce the drug to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days in the 
 Cologne Spirit. Express and filter. 
 
 Balsam Peru, Tolu, Benzoin, Styrax, and some other odoriferous bodies 
 are also used in perfumes, but no special extract need be prepared of them, 
 1 part to 9 of Cologne Spirit being used to make an extract or tincture. 
 
 The druggist will, of course, make up these preparations in such quantities 
 only as his trade demands, but it is best to have some of each kind on hand. 
 The Citrine Oils, Bergamot, Lemon and Orange, change quickly if not dis- 
 solved in spirit, and it will be found advantageous to dissolve these, while 
 fresh, in Cologne Spirit, and keep them in this way. 
 
 ODORS OF FLOWERS, 
 
 Or Handkerchief Extracts. 
 
 Having now prepared the elements, as they may be termed, of 
 Perfumery (Classes A, B and C), the druggist may prepare any com- 
 bination that may be desired. The formulas which follow are for 
 those which have the most sale on the market, and which time has 
 demonstrated to be good and salable perfumes. There may be of 
 course as many combinations of odors as there are stars in the 
 heavens : but it is not best to encourage a multiplicity of odors, but 
 rather a familiarity with a few good ones, which will soon come to 
 be favorites with the customers of the druggist. 
 
 Since the introduction of bulk perfumes, many old and favorite 
 odors have gone out of use, and many new ones come in. No 
 standard has yet been established for many of the newly-named 
 perfumes, and they are put up as the fancy of the fabricateur and 
 the harmony of odors may direct. 
 
 The formulae which follow make only the best grade or quality of 
 perfumes. If the druggist desires to make cheaper goods, any of 
 these may be diluted with Cologne Spirit to meet the desired cost. 
 And in fact this is much better than to try to make them cheaper by 
 using inferior material, because, although they may be weak, they 
 will preserve their purity and delicacy of odor. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1155 
 
 For other combinations our readers are referred to more elaborate 
 works on the subject, and to the published formulas from reliable 
 sources. 
 
 The essences, extracts, etc., which are directed to be used in the 
 formulas are those which are given in the foregoing classes. 
 
 4323. Essence Bouquet — Esprit de Botiquet. — Essence Rose 8 parts, 
 Essence Lemon 1 part, Essence Bergamot, Extract Orris, each, 4 parts, Ex- 
 tract Ambergris, Essence Santal, each, 1 part. Mix. 
 
 4324. Extract Frangipanni. — Essence Neroli, Essence Rose, each, 2 
 parts, Essence Santal, Essence Cassia, Essence Rose Geranium, each, 1 part, 
 Extract Musk, Extract Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, Triple Extract 
 Tuberose, Triple Extract Orange Flowers, each, 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 
 parts. Mix. 
 
 4325. Extract Jockey Club. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Tube- 
 rose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Cassie, Triple Extract Jasmine, each, 2 
 parts, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, 
 Essence Rose 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 
 
 4326. Extract Lily of the Valley. — Triple Extract Tuberose 8 parts, 
 Triple Extract Jasmine 1 part, Triple Extract Orange Flower, Triple Ex- 
 tract Cassie 2 parts, Triple Extract Rose 4 parts, Essence Ylang Ylang 1 part, 
 Essence Almonds X part, Extract Vanilla 3 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. 
 Mix. 
 
 4327. Extract Musk. — Extract Musk 10 parts, Extract Civet, Extract 
 Ambergris, Extract Musk Seed, each, 4 parts, Essence Rose 3 parts, Extract 
 Wild Ginger 1 part, Cologne Spirit 5 to 20 parts, according to strength de- 
 sired. Mix. 
 
 4328. Extract Night Blooming Cereus. — Triple Extract Rose 8 parts, 
 Triple Extract Orange Flower 2 parts, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Extract 
 Vanilla 2 parts, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Musk, Extract Civet, each, 1 
 part, Essence Almond T V part, Tincture Benzoin ^$ part. Mix. 
 
 4329. Extract Mary Stewart. — Triple Extract Rose 3 parts, Triple 
 Extract Cassie 1 part, Triple Extract Tuberose 2 parts, Essence Rose 3 parts, 
 Essence Ylang "Slang 2 parts, Essence Rose Geranium 2 parts, Essence Orange 
 X part, Extract Orris 2 parts, Extract Musk 1 part, Extract Ambergris 1 
 part. Tincture Benzoin, Extract Tonqua, each, % part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. 
 Mix. 
 
 4330. Extract Ilang-Ilang, or Ylang- Ylang. — Essence Ylang-Ylang S 
 parts, Essence Rose 2 parts, Extract Orris 2 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine, 
 Extract Musk, Essence Orange, each 1 part. Mix. 
 
 4331. Extract Ocean Spray, or Sea Breeze.— Triple Extract Jasmine, 
 Triple Extract Cassia, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Rose 6 parts, Essence 
 Bergamot, Essence Lavender, each, 3 parts, Essence Santal 1 part, Extract 
 Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 
 
1156 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 4332. Extract Patchouly. — Essence Patchouly 8 parts, Essence Rose, 
 Essence Rose Geranium, each, 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 4 parts. Mix. 
 
 4333. Extract Wild Olive.— Triple Extract Rose 8 parts, Triple Extract 
 Jasmine, Triple Extract Violet, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Cassie 2 parts, 
 Essence Rose 4 parts, Essence Ylang Ylang 2 parts, Extract Musk, Essence 
 Ambergris, each, l / 2 part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 
 
 4334. Extract White Rose. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Violet 
 (or Extract Orris), Essence Rose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine 2 
 parts, Essence Patchouly 1 part. Mix. This may be diluted with 4 parts of 
 Cologne Spirit if desired. 
 
 4335. Extract Stephanotis. — Triple Extract Cassie, Triple Extract 
 Tuberose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine 2 parts, Essence Rose 3 
 parts, Extract Musk, Extract Tonqua, Essence Neroli, each, 2 parts, Extract 
 Orris 8 parts, Extract Wild Ginger 1 part, Tincture Benzoin 1 part, Cologne 
 Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 
 
 4336. Extract Upper Ten. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Jas- 
 mine, Triple Extract Violet (or Extract Orris), each, 6 parts, Extract Musk 4 
 parts, Cologne Spirit 6 parts. Mix. 
 
 4337« Extract Violet — Finest. — Triple Extract of Violet) from pomade) 
 16 parts, Triple Extract Cassie 3 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Tincture Tolu 
 1 part, Tincture Vanilla 1 part, Cologne Spirit 6 parts. Mix. 
 
 4338. Extract Violet — Good. — A good Extract of Violet, such as is 
 ordinarily sold, may be made with Triple Extract Cassie 2 parts, Triple Ex- 
 tract Rose, Triple Extract Tuberose, each, 1 part, Extract Orris 6 parts, 
 Essence Almonds ^ part, Tincture Tolu 1 part, Cologne Spirit 3 parts. Mix. 
 
 The formulas given for handkerchief extracts are merely sample formulas 
 representative of combinations that are popular on the market. A great 
 variety of other odors by various names are found, and may be made by 
 druggists by combining various extracts, essences, etc. 
 
 COLOGNES AND TOILET WATERS. 
 
 Colognes are fragrant compounds of much less strength and per- 
 manence of odor than the foregoing Extracts. 
 
 In addition to their legitimate use as toilet waters, they now take 
 the place, to a large extent, of the cheaper grades of perfume that 
 were formerly sold. 
 
 As with the Handkerchief Extracts, the combinations that may 
 be made are almost infinite, though but few have ever met with 
 great public favor. 
 
 The formulas which follow represent those most widely known 
 and esteemed as Colognes; but, as any of the Handkerchief Extracts 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1157 
 
 may be made into Colognes, by following the " General Cologne 
 Formula," the druggist may choose such as suits his fancy, and have 
 as large a variety as he pleases. 
 
 Colognes prepared from the Handkerchief Extracts may also be 
 put up as cheap perfumes ; the grades that the druggist wishes to 
 prepare may be regulated by the amount of Cologne Spirit added. 
 
 For second grade perfumes, taking Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne 
 Spirit i part. 
 
 For third grade perfumes, taking Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne 
 Spirit 2 parts, and for Colognes, the following General Cologne Formula : 
 Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne Spirit 3 parts, Water (distilled) * q. s. 
 
 Mix the Extract with two and a half parts of the Cologne Spirit, and add 
 Water gradually until, when shaken up, it remains, after standing a short 
 time, just a trifle cloudy or milky, then add the balance of the Cologne Spirit, 
 and set away for a month or more before using. 
 
 These Colognes may be named from the Extracts of which they are made, 
 as White Rose Cologne, Marie Stewart Cologne, Upper Ten Cologne, etc., 
 and the druggist may have no lack of cheaper grades of perfumes and 
 Colognes by following these directions. 
 
 4339- Farina Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence Neroli 1 
 part, Essence Lavender 2 parts, Essence Lemon 2 parts, Essence Orange 2 
 parts, Essence Cloves 1 part, Essence Cassia 1 part, Essence Rose 2 parts, 
 Essence Rose Geranium 1 part, Triple Extract Jasmine 6 parts, Extract 
 Angelica 1 part, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Musk Seed 2 parts, Essence 
 Nutmeg 1 part, Essence Spearmint 2 parts, Essence Cedrat, 2 parts, Essence 
 Thyme %. part, Essence Cajeput X P art > Cologne Spirit 400 parts, Distilled 
 Water 60 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, and gradu- 
 ally add the Water. If it should remain milky after the addition of the 
 Water, add enough Cologne Spirit to clear. 
 
 4340. Floral Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence Cassia 4 
 parts, Essence Orange 6 parts, Essence Lavender 2 parts, Essence Lemon 6 
 parts, Essence Santal 2 parts, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Essence Rose Geran- 
 ium 4 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Extract Tonqua 2 parts, Extract Amber- 
 gris 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 300 parts, Rose Water 50 parts. Mix the 
 Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, and gradually add the Rose Water. 
 If milky after standing, add enough Cologne Spirit to make clear. 
 
 4341. German Cologne, A. I. — Essence Rose Geranium 8 parts, Essence 
 Orange 10 parts, Essence Cassia 6 parts, Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence 
 Cloves 1 part, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Essence Lavender 4 parts, Essence 
 
 * If Rose Water or Oranpe Flower Water is added Instead of Distilled Water, the 
 .mm be finer. Rose Water may be used with all Extracts, but Orangi 
 
 Water is preferable in thoa pounds which contain Triple Extract < >range Flowers or 
 
 Neroli, 
 
11;")8 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 Rose 4 parts. Essence Verbena 2 parts, Essence Santal 4 parts, Extract Am- 
 bergris 1 part, Extract Musk 1 part, Tincture Cardamom 1 part, Cologne 
 Spirit 300 parts, Rose Water 50 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with the 
 Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and then if milky, enough 
 more Cologne Spirit to make clear. 
 
 4342. German Cologne, 2d. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence 
 Lemon 6 parts, Essence Orange 6 parts, Essence Rosemary 6 parts, Essence 
 Cassia 4 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Extract Tonqua 2 parts, Extract Musk 
 Seed 4 parts. Extract Angelica 1 part, Extract Wild Ginger 2 parts, Tincture 
 Benzoin 1 part, Cologne Spirit 400 parts, Rose Water 60 parts. Mix the 
 Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and 
 if milky, enough more Cologne Spirit to make clear. 
 
 4343. Lavender Cologne, or Water. — Essence Lavender 3 parts, Es- 
 sence Lemon 2 parts, Essence Cassia 1 part, Essence Cloves 1 part, Essence 
 Santal 1 part, Cologne Spirit 60 parts, Water 10 parts. Mix the Essences 
 with the Cologne Spirit, add the Water gradually, and then enough Cologne 
 Spirit to clear, if milky. 
 
 4344. Musk Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 2 parts, Essence Lavender 2 
 parts, Essence Lemon 4 parts, Essence Neroli, 1 part, Extract Musk 4 parts, 
 Cologne Spirit 60 parts, Rose Water 10 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with 
 the Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and then enough Cologne 
 Spirit to make clear, if milky. 
 
 4345' White Rose Cologne. — Oil Neroli Bigarade 1 drachm, Oil Neroli, 
 Petit grain, l / z drachm, Oil Bergamot 2 drachms, Oil Patchouly 1 drachm, Oil 
 Rose 3 drachms, Extract Musk 2 ounces, Tincture Tolu 2 ounces, Cologne 
 Spirit 7 pints, Rose Water 1 pint. Dissolve the Oils in the Spirit, and add 
 the Rose Water, let stand 30 days, and filter. 
 
 4346. Hoyt's German Cologne. — The following formula has been pub- 
 lished as similar to Hoyt's German Cologne : Oil Bergamot 1 ounce, Oil 
 Lemon 1 ounce, Oil Neroli X ounce, Oil Santal Wood y 2 ounce, Camphor 20 
 grains, Cologne Spirit 7 pints, Rose Water 1 pint. Mix and let stand a 
 month, then filter. 
 
 4347. Florida Water. — Oil of Lavender Flowers, English, 6 fl.drachms, 
 Oil of Bergamot 2 fl.drachms, Oil of Lemon 1 >£ fl.drachm, Oil of Cloves 20 
 minims, Oil of Cassia 10 minims, Oil of Orange 30 minims, Essence Rose 60 
 minims, Essence Neroli 10 minims, Cologne Spirit 15 fi. ounces. Mix them. 
 
 4348. Violet Water. — This may be made by diluting Extract of Violet 
 with 4 parts of Cologne Spirit. Other Toilet Waters may be made in the 
 same general manner. 
 
 4349. Other Colognes and Toilet Waters may be made by the general 
 formula. They may be made as the fancy of the maker may select, and may 
 be made stronger or weaker as may be desired, to correspond with the trade 
 for which thev are made. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1159 
 
 SACHET POWDERS. 
 
 A great variety of Sachet Powders may be made by adding to an 
 Aromatic Base, composed of Ground Roots, Barks, Woods, Flowers, 
 Leaves, etc., Bulk Perfumes or Essential Oils. A few formulas for 
 the best selling powders are given here, and others may be made 
 in the same general way. 
 
 4350. General Base for Sachet Powder.— Orris Root, in coarse pow- 
 der, 1 pound, Santal Wood, ground, 4 ounces, Vanilla Beans, ground or cut 
 fine, 1 ounce, Rose Leaves, (flowers,) ground, 6 ounces, Extract Musk, % 
 ounce, Extract Civet, )A ounce. Mix them well together. To make any 
 variety of Sachet Powder, add to 8 ounces of this 1 ounce of the Bulk Per- 
 fume, of the kind desired and mix them thoroughly. 
 
 The following are formulas for those most popular : 
 
 4351. Frangipani Sachet. — Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Ground Vitivert %. 
 lb., Ground Santal % pound, Ground Vanilla Beans % pound, Ground Ton- 
 quin Beans 2 ounces, Oil Neroli 60 minims, Oil Santal 40 minims, Oil Berga- 
 mot 60 minims, Oil French Geranium 60 minims, Otto Rose 30 minims. 
 Extract Musk 1 ounce, Extract Civet % ounce. Mix well. 
 
 4352. Heliotrope Sachet.— Powdered Orris 2% pounds, Ground Rose 
 Leaves 1 pound, Ground Vanilla Beans 6 ounces, Ground Tonquin Beans 4 
 ounces, Extract Musk lyi ounces, Extract Civet yi, ounce, Essential Oil of 
 Almonds 7 minims. Mix. 
 
 4353. Rose Sachet.— Powdered Orris j£ pound, Ground Rose Leaves 1 >£ 
 lbs., Ground Santal Wood 4 ounces, Ground Patchouly 2 ounces, Extract 
 Civet yi ounce, Oil French Geranium 30 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims. Mix. 
 
 4354. Jockey Club Sachet.— Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Ground Santal 
 Wood Yz pound, Oil Bergamot 1 ounce, Otto Rose 30 minims, Extract Musk 2 
 ounces, Extract Civet 1 ounce. 
 
 4355. Essence Bouquet Sachet.— Powdered Orris 4 pounds, Ground 
 Cassie Leaves (Flowers) 1 pound, Ground Rose Leaves (Flowers) 1 pound, 
 Ground Vanilla Beans 3 ounces, Essence Bergamot 1 ounce, Essence Lemon 
 
 1 ounce, Oil French Geranium 60 minims, Extract Musk 2 ounces, Extract 
 Ambergris >£ ounce. 
 
 4356. Ylang-Ylang Sachet.— Ground Rose Leaves 1 pound, Ground 
 Cassie Leaves 1 pound, Ground Pimento % pound, Ground Tonquin Beans 
 
 2 ounces, Ground Vanilla Beans 2 ounces, Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Oil 
 Pimento 60 minims, Oil Bergamot 120 minims, Oil French Geranium 60 
 minims, Oil Ylang-Ylang 120 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims, Extract Musk 1 
 ounce, Extract Civet ]/% ounce, < aim Benzoin (Ground) 1 ounce. Mix. 
 
 4357. Violet Sachet.— Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Essence Bergamot 30 
 minims, Essential Oil of Almonds 20 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims, Extract 
 Musk 1 ounce. Mix. 
 
1160 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 4358. Pot Pouri for Rose Jars. — Mixtures of Rose Leaves, etc., for 
 filling Rose Jars are now considerably used. A favorite mixture for this pur- 
 pose is as follows : Rose Leaves (Flowers) whole, 1 pound, Patchouly Leaves 
 4 ounces, Violet Flowers 4 ounces, Vanilla, cut fine, y* ounce, Cinnamon, in 
 coarse powder, x / 2 ounce, Orris Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces, Allspice, 
 in coarse powder, yi ounce, Cloves, in coarse powder, % ounce, Oil Bergamot 
 yi. ounce, Musk Extract 1 ounce. Mix the Oil and Musk Extract thoroughly 
 with the powdered drugs, and then with the Leaves, etc. By grinding the 
 Leaves, etc., to a coarse powder, this may be used as a Sachet Powder ; other 
 combinations may be made in the same manner, by using other flowers, etc., 
 in combination, as Lavender, Vitivert, etc. 
 
 SMELLING SALTS OR PUNGENTS. 
 
 The sale of Smelling Salts, or " Pungents," which, for a time was 
 quite limited, has again revived. The following formulas make 
 satisfactory preparations: 
 
 4359. Pungent Smelling Salts. — If something fine is desired without 
 regard to cost this is recommended : Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed into 
 a coarse powder, 6 ounces, Sal Ammoniac, granulated, 1 ounce, Pure Potash 
 (Caustic Potash), crushed fine, 2 ounces, Orris Root, in coarse powder, 
 4 ounces, Lemon Peel, in coarse powder, Rosmary Leaves, in coarse powder, 
 Lavender Flowers, in coarse powder, each, 1 ounce, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cala- 
 mus, each, in powder, yi ounce, Oil of Bergamot l /z ounce, Oil of Lemon 2 
 drachms, Extract of Musk or Civet ^ ounce, Stronger Water of Ammonia 
 Yz ounce. Mix them well together. 
 
 4360. Smelling Salts. — A more common article may be made as follows : 
 Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed to a coarse powder, 1 2 ounces, Powdered 
 Orris 4 ounces, Powdered Cloves, Powdered Cassia, Powdered Calamus, each, 
 1 ounce, Stronger Water of Ammonia 1 ounce, Oil of Bergamot yi ounce, 
 Oil of Lavender X ounce. Mix them. 
 
 4361. Preston's Salts. — Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed, 4 ounces, 
 stronger Water of Ammonia %. ounce, Oil of Cloves, Oil of Lavender, Oil 
 of Bergamot, each 10 drops. Mix them well together. 
 
 4362. Smelling Salts. — Extemporaneous. — By crushing Carbonate of 
 Ammonium, and adding to each ounce 30 drops of Stronger Water of 
 Ammonia, and 30 drops of Bulk Perfume. 
 
 4363. Vinegarettes. — These are employed like smelling bottles and for 
 similar purposes. Any inert Aromatic substance, as Orris or a mixture of 
 Aromatic powdered drugs, may be saturated with Glacial Acetic Acid with 
 which one-fourth the quantity of Bulk Perfume is mixed. The Toilet Vine- 
 gars mentioned further on, may also be employed for the same purpose. 
 
TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1161 
 
 TOILET SOAPS. 
 
 Toilet Soaps are seldom made except by experienced soap makers. 
 The bases of Toilet Soaps are the common hard soaps referred to 
 under the article on soaps, page 738. For making the finer grades 
 of Toilet Soaps these are shaved, " milled " or ground, and mixed 
 as may best be suited for the required product, and the perfuming 
 Oils and ingredients worked into them. The mass is then slightly 
 moistened if necessary and made up into the required quantity for 
 cakes, and pressed in a dye into the shape desired by means of a 
 strong press. 
 
 The cheaper Toilet Soaps are made in the same manner as is 
 directed for making Hard Soaps in the article referred to, but are 
 more or less perfumed with essential Oils or odorous substances. 
 
 An infinite variety of Toilet Soaps are supplied by soap makers, 
 and druggists may themselves make them by securing the proper 
 appliances. The perfumes for the soaps depend upon the price at 
 which they are to sell, and may be selected from the formulas 
 already given for bouquets of different kinds, and from the essential 
 Oils suitable for the purpose. Glycerin in small quantities is fre- 
 quently added to Toilet Soaps, and they are variously colored with 
 harmless ingredients to suit the taste or caprice of the manufacturer. 
 
 As so great a variety of Toilet Soaps are required, and so few 
 make them, it would be inexpedient to give formulas for them here. 
 
 TOILET VINEGARS. 
 
 A class of preparations for the toilet called Aromatic Vinegars 
 have a limited sale. They are chjpfiy used after bathing and wash- 
 ing the hands and face to impart a freshness to the skin, and for 
 their agreeable odor. The following formulas will suffice 
 
 4364. Aromatic Vinegar.— Glacial Acetic Acid 8 ounces, Cologne Spirit 
 4 ounces, Camphor, in small pieces, 1 ounce, Oil of Cloves 45 minims, Oil of 
 Rosmary 30 minims, Oil of Bergamot, Oil of Cinnamon, Oil of Lavender, Oil 
 of Pimento, Oil of Neroli, each, 15 minims. Mix, let stand until the ingredi- 
 ents are dissolved, and filter. 
 
 4365. Aromatic Vinegar.— This may also be made by mixing any kind 
 of Hulk Perfume with the other ingredients instead of the essential Oils, as : 
 Glacial Acetic Acid 8 ounces, Cologne Spirit 2 ounces, Camphor 1 ounce, 
 Bulk Perfume or Cologne (as desired), 2 ounces. Mix, dissolve and filter. 
 
 To use these Vinegars a small quantity is added to a bowl of Water, and 
 usually applied with a soft sponge. 
 
1162 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 
 
 TOILET WATERS. 
 
 Toilet Waters as they are known in the market are not as their 
 name would indicate, Waters, but solution of essential Oils or odor- 
 ous principles in Alcohol or a partly Alcoholic liquid, prepared 
 either by solution or distillation. These are known as Eau de 
 Cologne, Eau de Lavande, Eau de Violette, etc., and have been 
 noticed under Perfumes and other headings. The name is also ap- 
 plied in a general way to perfumed Waters and spirits made by dis- 
 tilling herbs and odorous substances, with Water or a diluted Alco- 
 holic liquid; but as these have been already noticed under other 
 headings, as Aquae, Spiritus, etc., further formulae will be unneces- 
 sary. 
 
 The foregoing formulas comprise most of the Toilet Preparations 
 and Perfumes that are popular or on the market, and all that it is 
 expedient or desirable for druggists to prepare. If it is intended to 
 engage extensively in the manufacture of perfumes and like articles, 
 many other formulas would be required, for which the reader is re- 
 ferred to comprehensive works on perfumery, soap making, etc. 
 
PART VI. 
 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA 
 
 The formulae which follow for miscellaneous preparations, often 
 required in the druggist's business, are, as far as possible, arranged 
 in classes according to their uses. Only a limited number of such 
 formulas can be given in the space which is devoted to this subject, 
 and we have endeavored to select such as are best suited for the 
 purpose. 
 
 ADHESIVE PREPARATIONS. 
 Cements. 
 
 These are generally to be applied to the edges of the articles to 
 be mended, previously warmed, and they are then to be held or 
 bound together with twine or otherwise until the cement hardens. 
 The cements have to be warmed also. 
 
 4366. Diamond Cement.— Gelatin 1 ounce, Water 5 ounces, Gum Mastic 
 i l / 2 drachms, Gum Ammoniac }i drachm, Alcohol 2j4 ounces. Dissolve the 
 Gelatin in the Water and continue the heat until the solution has evaporated 
 to about 3 fl. ounces; have the gums previously dissolved in the Alcohol, and 
 to this solution, heated to nearly boiling, add the hot solution of Gelatin, and 
 mix them thoroughly. Put up in small bottles tightly stopped. 
 
 This cement may be used for china or glass ware, and for attaching wood, 
 ivory, jewels, metallic substances, etc. 
 
 4367. Glutina Cement — For glass, china, wood, leather, etc. — Gelatin, 
 Cooper's or Cox's, 3 ounces, Acetic Acid 2 ounces, Carbolic Acid 5 grains, 
 Oil of Cloves 5 minims, Water, enough to make 1 pint. Soak the Gelatin in 
 half a pint of Water for 4 hours, then heat by water-bath in a glass or porce- 
 lain vessel, add the Acids, dissolve, add the Oil of Cloves and sufficient hot 
 Water to make a pint, and strain. 
 
 4368. Insoluble or Chrome Cement —For glass and china. — This 
 cement, which is impervious to hot Water, should be freshly made when 
 wanted for use. Gelatin, in small pieces, 1 drachm, Hot Water %. ounce, 
 
 1163 
 
1164 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 
 
 Bichromate of Potassium 1 5 grains. Dissolve the Gelatin in the Water con- 
 tained in a small bottle by means of a water-bath, and while hot add the 
 Bichromate of Potassium and apply as soon as possible, binding the pieces 
 firmly together and setting in the sunlight. The Gelatin and Chrome Salt 
 form an insoluble compound. 
 
 4369. Transparent Cement — For china, glass, etc. — Mix in a well- 
 stopped bottle 20 parts of Chloroform and 25 parts of native India Rubber, 
 or Caoutchouc, cut in small pieces ; when dissolved add 5 parts of Mastic and 
 let the whole macerate for 8 or 10 days, shaking daily, then strain quickly 
 through very thin cotton cloth. This makes a very firm Transparent Cement 
 for china and glass, and may be used for other purposes. 
 
 4370. India Rubber Cement or Glue — For rubber, etc. — Dissolve 
 Gutta Percha chips or sheet in Bisulphide of Carbon until the solution has 
 the consistence of thick syrup, and strain the mixture with pressure quickly, 
 through a thin cotton cloth. To use this on rubber shave down the edges to 
 be cemented thin, apply the cement freely and warm the parts for a moment, 
 join together and press, clamp or hammer down to hold them firmly until 
 dry. 
 
 4371. Aquarium Cement.— Water Lime or Portland Cement, Marble 
 Dust or White Sand, Litharge, each, 4 ounces, Powdered Resin l / z ounce. 
 Mix the powders and make into a putty with boiled Linseed Oil just before 
 using. 
 
 4372. Cement for Lamps. — Plaster of Paris wet up with glue Water is 
 generally used, but a more permanent Cement may be made by dissolving 1 
 ounce of concentrated Lye in 5 ounces of Water, adding 3 ounces of pow- 
 dered Resin, and boiling them together 5 to 10 minutes. Then to make the 
 Cement, just before using mix Plaster of Paris up with this solution to the 
 proper consistence and apply. 
 
 4373- Amber Cement. — To cement or join amber, paint the edges to be 
 united with boiled Linseed Oil, press firmly together and v/arm for some time 
 at a degree of heat not high enough to melt the amber. 
 
 4374. To join Glass to Metal. — To cement glass, porcelain, earthenware 
 or other hard substances to metal, melt a little shellac and join the substances 
 with it while it is melted. 
 
 4375. Metal Cement.— An excellent cement for metallic substances may 
 be made by dissolving shellac to saturation in Water glass, by the aid of heat. 
 
 4376. Rubber Tire Cement. — A cement for Rubber Tire bicycles and 
 other similar uses may be made by dissolving India Rubber 1 part in suffici- 
 ent Naphtha, by the aid of gentle heat of water-bath, and when melted add- 
 ing 2 parts of Shellac, and melting them together, by water-bath, the naphtha 
 is evaporated. Pour the melted mass on metal plates or run in sticks. 
 When used the parts are to be well warmed and the cement heated and 
 applied like sealing wax. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS. 1165 
 
 Glues. 
 
 Glues are prepared from glue, gelatin, etc., and are used for join- 
 ing substances like wood, ivory, leather, etc., together, and for many 
 other purposes. Some are prepared in solid form, requiring to be 
 melted before using, and others are made to remain liquid by the 
 addition of various substances. See also Gelatin, page 513, and 
 Liquid Glue, page 514, and Tungstic Glue, page 967. 
 
 4377- Glue, Ordinary. — This is prepared by melting Glue in Water by 
 the means of a glue pot or water-bath. It is made of different consistence 
 for various purposes, more or less Water being used as required. It must be 
 applied hot and the surfaces to be joined well bound together until dry. 
 
 4378. Liquid Glue. — Glue may be first made liquid by melting in Water 
 as above, and then adding Alcohol 1 ounce to about 3 ounces of Glue, used 
 while still liquid, but most Liquid Glue is prepared with Acid, either Acetic 
 or Nitric as directed, page 514. It may be made of any desired consistence, 
 by using more or less Glue. A little Oil of Sassafras or Cloves is generally 
 used to prevent moulding. 
 
 A good Liquid Glue for bottling may be made with good Glue 1 pound, 
 dissolved by means of a water-bath in Water 1 pint in a porcelain vessel, and 
 when dissolved gradually adding 5 ounces Nitric Acid, with constant stirring, 
 or good Glue s l / 2 ounces, Acetic Acid 5J4 ounces, Oil Sassafras 15 drops, 
 Water, enough to make a pint, made in the same manner. 
 
 4379. Water-Proof Glue — Marine Glue. — This is prepared by dissolv- 
 ing separately in a sufficient quantity of pure Ether, 3 parts of Shellac and 1 
 part of India Rubber, and, when dissolved, mixing the solutions and keeping 
 in tightly stopped bottles. This is insoluble either in hot or cold Water, 
 Acids, etc. 
 
 Another kind of Glue which will resist moisture, etc., may be made by add- 
 ing a solution of Sandarach, Mastic and Turpentine Gum, each equal parts 
 in Alcohol 16 parts, to Ordinary Glue or Gelatin melted in Water. The 
 quantity to be used depends upon the purpose for which it is required, about 
 1 ounce to 2 ounces of Glue in a pint being the proportion for ordinary uses. 
 
 4380. Elastic or Mouth Glue.— This is prepared by dissolving good Glue 
 in an equal quantity of Water, and adding to it one half as much Glycerin, 
 and one fourth as much sugar as was used of the Glue. This is run into 
 small pieces and may be moistened and applied to paper or other light sub- 
 stances. 
 
 4381. Pad Glue.— This is now extensively used for the backs of pads of 
 paper to fasten the leaves together, and for other similar purposes. Glue %, 
 pound, Water '.- pint, Acetic Acid 1 ounce, Glycerin 2 ounces, Aniline red, 
 green, blue, or other fdlur as desired, 1 drachm, or sufficient to color. Make 
 the Glue in the usual manner by melting in the Water in a glue pot or water- 
 
1106 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 
 
 bath, and add the Glycerin and coloring matter. This may be made more or 
 less brittle or elastic by varying the quantity of Glycerin. 
 
 Mucilages. 
 
 Adhesive Mucilages for sticking labels to bottles, tinware, etc., 
 papers together, and for gumming the backs of paper used for 
 stamps, labels, etc., are much used. The following are the various 
 kinds employed for different purposes. 
 
 4382. Casein Mucilage.— Heat sour milk with a little Tartaric Acid, 
 which causes the Casein to separate. Collect and press the mass and while 
 still warm add enough of a solution of Borax 1 ounce in 1 pint of Water to 
 nearly dissolve the Casein. This may be used for the back of label paper 
 and other adhesive purposes. 
 
 4383. Label Mucilage. — Soak 6 ounces of Glue in 20 ounces of warm 
 Water, and then dissolve by heat ; while warm dissolve in it 3 ounces of 
 granulated Gum Arabic and 8 ounces of Rock Candy. This is for gumming 
 the backs of sheets, for labels, etc., and must be applied, while warm, with a 
 brush. 
 
 4384. Stamp Mucilage. — The following is said to be the same as is used 
 for gumming U. S. stamps : Dextrine 2 ounces, Gum Arabic 1 ounce, Acetic 
 Acid X ounce, Sugar 1 ounce, Oil of Sassafras 10 drops, Water 6 ounces. 
 Mix and dissolve by heat of water-bath, and apply with a brush while warm. 
 
 4385. Good Cheap Mucilage. — This may be made by soaking 1 part 
 White Glue or Gelatin and 2 parts of Gum Arabic in 10 parts of Water, add- 
 ing ]i part of Sugar, dissolving by gentle heat, straining and adding a few 
 drops of Oil of Cloves to keep. 
 
 4386. Dextrine Mucilage. — Dextrine 3 parts, Water 5 parts, dissolve by 
 heat of water-bath. 
 
 4387. Mucilage for Tin and Metal. — Most mucilages will not stick on 
 tin or bright surfaced metals, and a mucilage must be specially prepared for 
 this purpose. The following is A 1 : Starch 1 pound, Water 1 1 / 2 pint, Muriate 
 of Tin Solution 4 fl.ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, Oil of Sassafras 30 drops. Mix 
 the Muriate of Tin solution with the Water and Glycerin, and add to the 
 Starch, boil them together until a clear mucilage is formed, and while cooling 
 add the Oil of Sassafras. 
 
 Mucilage of Acacia and Mucilage of Tragacanth, which are much used 
 for adhesive purposes, are noticed on pages 630 and 632. 
 
 Pastes. 
 
 Pastes for adhesive purposes are made from flour or starch, and 
 are much cheaper than most mucilages for pasting labels, wrappers, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1167 
 
 etc. When druggists are once accustomed to their use they prefer 
 them to mucilage for that purpose, as they dry quicker, keep in place 
 better, and do not wet the paper like mucilage. The following 
 formulas will be sufficient: 
 
 4388. Good Flour Paste.— Wheat Flour 4 ounces, Alum, in powder, 90 
 grains, Oil of Cloves 5 minims, Carbolic Acid 10 grains, Water 1 pint. Mix 
 the flour with enough Water to make a thin mixture, heat the remainder of 
 the Water to boiling, add the Alum to it and then add it quickly to the mix- 
 ture of flour and Water, stirring them well together, and heating if necessary 
 to make a good smooth paste ; while cooling add the Oil of Cloves and Acid. 
 
 4389. Good Starch Paste.— This maybe made in the same manner as 
 the foregoing, only using starch in place of flour ; 1 ounce of Glycerin added 
 is advantageous. 
 
 4390. Paste for Tin.— To either of the foregoing formulas, add 1 ounce of 
 Glycerin, X ounce of Acetate of Lead, in powder, and % ounce solution, 
 Muriate of Tin, to the boiling Water, which is added to the flour or starch. 
 
 BAKING POWDER. 
 
 In making Baking Powders it is necessary in the first place to 
 choose good and appropriate material, and in the second place to 
 have the articles which enter into the composition dry and very 
 finely powdered. They must then be combined in such proportions 
 that the Acid will exactly unite with the Alkaline base, setting free 
 the Carbonic Acid gas which is united with it, which causes, by its 
 escape through the dough, the lightness of the pastry. 
 
 In choosing material to combine in Baking Powders it is neces- 
 sary to select such substances as will not react upon each other when 
 mixed dry, but which will combine to liberate the Carbonic Acid 
 gas under the influence of moisture and heat. Cream of Tartar. 
 because of its insolubility is the most serviceable of tin- Acids for 
 this purpose, and Bicarbonate of Sodium, which contains a large 
 quantity of Carbonic Acid gas, readily liberated, when acted upon 
 by an acid, is the best of the Alkaline base. 
 
 Owing to the uncertain composition and strength of the material 
 used for making Baking Powders, it is difficult to give definite 
 
 formulas that will work every time to the entire satisfaction of the 
 operator, for the test of the powder in baking is the only 'general 
 
 way by which it may be known if the articles used are balanced SO 
 
 as to be neither alkaline nor acid. 
 
11(58 .MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 
 
 It is also very important that the material used be very finely 
 powdered, thoroughly dry, and perfectly mixed. Baking Powders 
 cannot be thoroughly mixed by hand or in a mortar, because small 
 particles of the bicarbonate of sodium will adhere together, and 
 when used will make small yellow spots or points in the pastry ; 
 some kind of a mixer is therefore required that will thoroughly 
 crush these particles and mix all together intimately. Several kinds 
 of mills and mixers are furnished for this purpose. The following 
 formulas will, if properly combined from good material, make ex- 
 cellent Baking Powders, but it should be understood, as previously 
 explained, that the operator should test the powder by baking be- 
 fore sending it out, and if it needs more acid or more alkali, add it 
 until it is properly proportioned to make the best. 
 
 4391. Baking Powder, No. 1.— Pure Cream- Tartar, 3 pounds, Pure 
 Bicarbonate Soda, 22^ ounces, Best Roller Flour, 1 pound, Corn Starch }i 
 pound. If preferred, y z pound Corn Starch and y 2 pound Flour may be used 
 in place of 1 pound Flour, in which case the Starch must be finely powdered. 
 Use 1%. teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. This is the best formula. 
 
 4392. Baking Powder, No. 2.— Pure Cream Tartar 1 % pounds, Pure 
 Bicarbonate Soda 13 ounces, Tartaric Acid 1 ounce, Best Roller Flour 1 
 pound, Corn Starch y, pound. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. 
 
 4393. Baking Flour, No. 3. — Pure Cream Tartar 2 pounds, Pure Bicar- 
 bonate Soda 1 pound, Roller Flour 1 y. pounds, Tartaric Acid 1 ounce, Corn 
 Starch 1 y. pounds. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. 
 
 4394. Baking Powder, No. 4. — Pure Cream Tartar 1 pound, Pure Bicar- 
 bonate Soda 1 pound, Tartaric Acid 3 ounces, Roller Flour 2 pounds, Corn 
 Starch x / z pound. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. This is a good, 
 cheap powder. Keep well covered. 
 
 CLOTH CLEANING COMPOUNDS, ETC. 
 
 For cleaning cloth, gloves, lace and delicate fabrics that cannot 
 well be washed in the ordinary way many preparations are put up 
 and sold. Most of them are simply, Gasoline or Deodorized Ben- 
 zine, perfumed with some fragrant oil, but other compounds are 
 also used. Washing compounds are also included under this head- 
 ing. The following are representative of the various preparations: 
 
 4395. Fragrant Benzine or Gasoline. — Gasoline 1 gallon, Oil of Berga- 
 mot % ounce. Mix them. Any other volatile oil, as Cloves, Cassia, Laven- 
 der, Lemon, etc., may be used instead of Bergamot. This may be put up by 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1169 
 
 any fancy name, and recommended to clean cloth, silks, gloves, etc., and 
 remove grease spots. 
 
 4396. Cloth and Glove Cleaner.— Gasoline, or Deoderized Benzine 1 
 
 quart, Alcohol, Chloroform, Ether, each, ^ fl. ounce. Mix them. This may 
 
 be put up and sold at a fancy price for cleaning silks, gloves, etc. It may be 
 perfumed with lavender or cologne if desired. 
 
 4397- Clothes Cleaning Compound — For removing pai7it, grease, dirt, 
 etc. — Water of Ammonia 1 pint, Alcohol 9 fl. ounces, Soap Liniment 6 
 fl. ounces, Borax, in powder, 4 ounces av., Castile Soap, cut or shaved, 4 
 ounces av., Boiling Water 6 quarts. Dissolve the Soap and Borax in the 
 boiling Water, and when cool add the other ingredients. This is to be ap- 
 plied by rubbing into the grease spot, and then washed out with clear warm 
 water. 
 
 4398. Cleaning Cream. — Ivory, or other White Soap S ounces, Sal Tar- 
 tar yi. ounce, Borax 2 ounces, Oil of Sassafras 1 drachm, Water 1)4 pint. 
 Cut the soap in small pieces and dissolve in the Water by heat of water-bath, 
 add the Borax and Sal Tartar, and while cooling add the Oil of Sassafras, 
 mixing them well together. This removes grease, paint and dirt by rubbing 
 in and washing out with warm water. 
 
 4399. Benzin Jelly.— White Soap 12 ounces, Hot Water 18 ounces, Am- 
 monia Water 3 ounces. Dissolve the Soap in the Hot Water, pour in a 
 bottle, and add the Water of Ammonia. Then add to the mixture 2 pints of 
 Gasoline or deodorized Benzin, and shake thoroughly until the mixture is cold 
 and solidified. This is applied by rubbing on the grease spots, and after- 
 wards washing out with warm water. 
 
 4400. Erasive Soap.— White Soap 8 ounces, Borax 1 ounce, Sal Tartar 
 1 drachm, Oil of Sassafras 1 drachm, Water 8 ounces. Cut the soap in shav- 
 ings and dissolve in the Water by heat of a water-bath, add the Borax and 
 Sal Tartar and boil until reduced to 1 pound, then while cooling add the Oil 
 of Sassafras, and make into cakes of about 2 ounces. 
 
 4401. Washing Fluid. — Concentrated Lye, or Caustic Soda, 1 pound, 
 Oil of Turpentine 2 ounces, Borax 2 ounces, Camphor l / 2 ounce, Soap Bark, 
 ground, }£ pound, Water of Ammonia % pint, Water sufficient. Steep the 
 Soap Bark for two hours in ]/z gallon of Water, strain and press. Dissolve 
 the Concentrated Lye and Borax in J^ gallon of Water, and add to the de- 
 coction of Soap Lark. Dissolve the Camphor in the Oil of Turpentine and 
 add to the solution, then add the Water of Ammonia, and after standing 
 pour off or strain, add a tablespoonful of this to each gallon of Water used 
 for -Making the cloths before washing, and a little in the washing Water. 
 
 4402. Washing Fluid.— Sal Soda 4 pounds, Borax 2 ounces, Sal Tartar 
 I ounce, Water of Ammonia l / z pint, Spirit of Camphor 2 ounces, Oil of Tur- 
 pentine 1 ounce, Hot Water 6 pints. Dissolve the Salts in the hot Water 
 and add the liquids. This may be used the same as the foregoing. 
 
1170 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 4403. Washing Crystal or Powder is prepared by mixing coarsely pow- 
 dered Borax 8 ounces, with Carbonate of Potash (Sal Tartar) 4 ounces, or 
 Crude Potash 3 ounces. The "1776 "and other similar compounds are 
 made by adding excess of Alkali to Soap while making and evaporating to a 
 mass or granular powder. It requires special machinery, and cannot be made 
 except in large factories. 
 
 EXTERMINATORS, DESTROYERS AND 
 POISONS. 
 
 For exterminating or poisoning rats, mice, bugs, flies and vermin 
 generally, a great many different kinds of preparations are put up 
 and sold. The following represent some of the best for the purpose : 
 
 4404. Bed Bug Poison or Exterminator.— Corrosive Sublimate, in pow- 
 der, 2 ounces av., Alcohol 1 pint. Dissolve the powder in the Alcohol and 
 apply to the bedsteads where the vermin hide. 
 
 Another poison for the same purpose may be made with Cyanide of Potas- 
 sium 2 ounces av., Water 1 pint. Dissolve and apply. These may be used 
 for any kind of bugs, ants or vermin to which it can be applied. 
 
 4405. Bug and Ant Poison.— As a poison for cockroaches, other bugs 
 and ants, to eat, the following will give satisfaction. Tartar emetic 1 ounce, 
 powdered Sugar 7 ounces. Mix them intimately together and place the 
 powder where the vermin will find it. 
 
 4406. Fly Paper. — Formulas for fly papers, both poison and sticky, will 
 be found on pages 230 and 231. The following additional formula for Sticky 
 Fly Paper is given : Common Resin 1 pound, Castor Oil about 5 ounces. 
 Melt the Resin and add sufficient Castor Oil to make it properly adhesive 
 when applied to the paper. As the resins vary, a little less or more than 5 
 ounces may be needed. Prepare manilla paper or other firm paper by brush- 
 ing over each sheet with a size made of glue ^ pound, melted in hot Water, 
 1 gallon. This is applied hot, with a brush, to the paper, and the sheets 
 dried by hanging on lines. The Resin compound is then applied warm, with 
 a brush, to the sized sheets, which are then folded together. 
 
 4407. Anti-moth Paper. — Carbolic Acid Camphor, Oil of Cedar, each, 1 
 part, Benzin 8 parts. Dissolve and dip sheets of heavy porous paper in the 
 liquid and hang on lines until the Benzin evaporates. The paper should then 
 be cut up and kept in tin boxes. These sheets are put away in drawers or 
 with firs, etc., to prevent moths. 
 
 4408. Rat Poison. — A great variety of poisons for Rats and vermin are 
 put up under various names, and in various forms. They consist mainly of 
 Arsenic, with the addition of some coloring matter or other substances. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1171 
 
 Rough on Rats is an example of proprietary Rat Poisons. It consists of 
 Arsenic colored a little with ivory black or some other black substance. It 
 is mixed with lard and sugar and spread upon bread. 
 
 4409. Rat Paste Poison. — This maybe made by mixing Arsenic with 
 brown sugar, equal parts, and making into an ointment or paste with lard, 
 the same quantity as is taken of the Arsenic. 
 
 Tartar Emetic may be used instead of Arsenic. 
 
 4410. Luminous Paste for Rats, Roaches, etc. — This was formerly 
 quite a favorite rat poison, as it shines in the night attracting the attention of 
 the rats, and at the same time acts as a poison. It is best made by melting 
 Phosphorus 1 ounce in Petrolatum or Lard 1 pound, by means of a water- 
 bath, and while melted and well mixed by agitation in a closely stopped 
 wide-mouth bottle, allow to cool and solidify. This may then be mixed with 
 Sugar 1 pound, and Flour 1 pound, or sufficient to make a stiff mass. 
 
 A better Luminous paste is made with Arsenic, Luminous paint (made 
 without Turpentine) and Sugar, each, one part, well mixed together. 
 
 441 1. Mosquito or Black Fly Preventive. — Hunters and fishers who go 
 in the woods during the summer are much annoyed by flies and mosquitoes. 
 The following preparation is for rubbing on the hands and face to keep them 
 off. Petrolatum 3 ounces, Paraffin % ounce, Oil Tar 2 ounces, Oil Penny- 
 royal 1 ounce, Carbolic Acid 2 drachms. Melt the solid ingredients together 
 and when nearly cold enough to begin to solidify incorporate the other ingre- 
 dients. 
 
 4412. To Prevent Flies from lighting on marble or glass. — Put a few 
 drops of Oil of Wintergreen or Pennyroyal on a damp sponge and rub over 
 the surface ; they will not light where this is done, but it must be repeated 
 every 4 hours or so. 
 
 4413. Other Poisons. — For potato bugs Paris Green or London Purple 
 seem to be the most successful. The same are also used for coddling moths, 
 and curculio on trees and shrubbery. For liqe on plants Insect Powder is 
 good, but washing with a spray of Whale Oil Soap suds seems to be the 
 most effective. For squash and cucumber bugs, Calomel is used. 
 
 FOODS. 
 
 A few preparations arc known as foods for various purposes, as 
 Baby Food, Infant Food, Plant Food, Egg Food, etc. Tin- follow- 
 ing an- some of the principal popular preparations. 
 
 4414. Infants and Invalids Food.— These foods are prepared from 
 various grains in various ways ; the object being to secure in them the most 
 valuable constituents of the food, and to present them in the form most 
 
1172 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 readily digested. To this end the grains are variously treated, by malting, 
 removing some of the less valuable constituents, concentrating, etc. As these 
 processes require expensive machinery and experience, they are not adapted 
 to the uses of druggists, and are, therefore, not given here. 
 
 4415. Plant Food. — For making plants grow and blossom, the following 
 are used : 
 
 Sulphate of Ammonium 4 ounces, Sal Nitre 2 ounces, Sugar 1 ounce, Hot 
 Water 1 pint. Mix, dissolve and keep in a well-stopped bottle. A little is 
 added to the Water used for plants. Another formula is Nitrate of Potas- 
 sium 2 parts, Carbonate of Calcium (Precipitated chalk), Chlorate of Sodium, 
 Phosphate of Calcium, each, 1 part, Silicate of Iron 3 parts, Water 20 parts. 
 Mix. 
 
 INKS, BLUINGS AND BLACKINGS. 
 
 A great variety of Inks, Bluings and Blackings are found on the 
 market. The following formulas make good preparations of this 
 kind. It must be remembered, however, that there are many quali- 
 ties of Anilines and other substances used in making inks, etc., 
 which have the same name, but are of different degrees of excel- 
 lence. The best should always be chosen. 
 
 In the limited space only a few formulas can be given, but they 
 will be sufficient. 
 
 Inks. 
 
 4416. Fine Black Ink Aniline.— Negrosine (Black Aniline crystals), % 
 ounce, Dextrin y 2 ounce, Corrosive Sublimate 2 'grains, Water 2 pints. Dis- 
 solve the Negrosine in a pint of hot Water. Dissolve the Dextrin and Cor- 
 rosive Sublimate in the remaining pint of Water and mix the solutions. This 
 ink flows freely, is always black and does not mold. By using a less quan- 
 tity of Aniline a very good ink may be made, but is not so black. 
 
 4417. Fine Red Ink Aniline. — Eosine Aniline 180 grains, Water 2 
 pints. Dissolve the Eosine in the Water. This is a bright, brilliant, fiery 
 Red Ink. It is put up and sold as " Carmine Ink," but is much better and 
 cheaper than it. 
 
 4418. Fine Violet Ink. — Aniline — Violet Aniline 120 grains, Alcohol }4 
 ounce, Dextrin ]4. ounce, Hot Water 2 pints. Put the Aniline in a bottle 
 with the Alcohol and add the hot Water in which the Dextrin has been dis- 
 solved. Different shades of Violet, ranging from reddish to blue, may be 
 obtained and various shades of ink may be made. The letters B and R 
 signify the proportions of Blue and Red used ; the " blue shades " are pre- 
 ferred. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 1173 
 
 Perfumed Violet I?ik was formerly just the thing but has now gone out 
 of fashion, It may be made by adding % to i drachm of Bulk Perfume to 
 a quart. Other perfumed inks may be made in the same way. 
 
 Other Aniline Inks may be prepared in the same manner as the foregoing. 
 
 4419. Brown Ink.— )A ounce Brown Aniline, )i ounce Dextrin, 1 Quart 
 Hot Water. 
 
 4420. Blue Ink.— Water Blue Aniline i l / 2 drachm, Dextrin % ounce, 
 Hot Water 2 pints. 
 
 4421. Green Ink. — Green Aniline 2 drachms, Dextrin % ounce, Hot 
 Water 2 pints. 
 
 4422. Maroon Ink. — Mix equal quantities of Red, Blue and Black Inks. 
 
 4423. Purple Ink.— This is made like Violet Ink. It is in fact the same 
 as the bluish violet. 
 
 4424. Red Aniline Ink.— This may be made from Red Aniline (Fuch- 
 sine) y z ounce, Alcohol 2 ounces, Dextrin }£ ounce, Hot Water 2 pints. It 
 is not so good as the Eosine Red Ink. Scarlet Aniline Ink may also be 
 made from Scarlet Aniline. 
 
 4425. Yellow Ink.— Picric (Carbazotic) Acid 2 drachms, Hot Water 2 
 
 pints. 
 
 4426. Black Ink, Logwood — School Ink. — Extract of Logwood 3 ounces. 
 Bichromate of Potassium 3 drachms, Hydrochloric Acid 4 fl.drachms, Water 
 1 gallon. Boil the extract with the Water and Bichromate of Potassium in 1 
 quart of Water until dissolved, add the Hydrochloric Acid to the balance of 
 the Water, and mix the solutions while warm. 
 
 This ink flows nicely and has a good color. 
 
 4427. Blue Ink.— Soluble Prussian Blue (Laundry Blue) x /z ounce, Dex- 
 trin X ounce, Hot Water 1 pint. Mix and dissolve. 
 
 4428. Carmine Ink— True. — No. 40 Carmine %. ounce, Water of Am- 
 monia 1 ounce, Dextrin % ounce, Water 1 pint. Rub the Carmine to a pow- 
 der, then with the Water of Ammonia, then with the Water gradually added, 
 and dissolve the Dextrin in the solution. Red Ink made from Eosine Ani- 
 line is much better. 
 
 4429. Japan Ink.— This may be made by boiling Borax 3 drachms, Shel- 
 lac 1 drachm, Sugar 2 drachms, for one hour, in a pint of Water, then strain- 
 ing the solution and dissolving in it # ounce Xegrosine or Black Aniline. 
 This does not flow as freely as other inks, but is very black and glossy. 
 
 Black Gloss Ink may be made from any good Black Ink by adding to it 
 Gum Arabic and Sugar or a strong solution of Shellac and Borax as above. 
 The very finest Japan Ink may be made by dissolving tine India Ink. by rub- 
 
1174 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 bing it with the solution of Shellac as above, made until it is of the proper 
 consistence and color. 
 
 Other colored inks may be made gloss inks in the same manner as is here 
 described. 
 
 4430. Liquid India Ink. — This is prepared from Stick India Ink by rub- 
 bing it down with Water on a plate or other glazed surface until an ink of 
 the proper shade and consistence is obtained. The finest Stick India Ink is 
 prepared from the finest lampblack made into a paste with an infusion of 
 certain native albuminous seeds of China or Japan, and then moulded in 
 sticks. The more common kinds are made up with glue gelatine, etc. 
 
 4431. Violet Black Ink — Violet passing to black. — Extract of Log- 
 wood 3 ounces, Bichromate of Potassium 3 drachms, Alum 2 ounces, Lime 
 Water 1 pint, Water of Ammonia 8 ounces, Commercial Hydrochloric Acid, 
 by weight, 1 pound, Iron filings or old scraps of nails 1 pound, Gum Arabic 
 3 ounces, Water 1 gallon. Boil the Logwood Extract and the Bichromate of 
 Potassium in one quart of Water until dissolved, add the Alum previously 
 dissolved in 1 quart of hot Water, then add the Lime Water ; then the 
 Water of Ammonia; stir thoroughly and gradually add the Hydrochloric 
 Acid with constant stirring, then add the remainder of the Water in which 
 the Gum Arabic is dissolved, and pour the mixture upon the scraps of Iron in 
 an open vessel or crock. Let stand several days and decant. 
 
 4432. Writing Fluid. — Blue-Black. — Apello Nutgalls, coarsely ground, 
 1 pound, Sulphate of Iron, copperas, 5 ounces, Gum Arabic 4 ounces, Boric 
 Acid y* ounce, Extract of Indigo 1 ounce, Picric Acid 1 drachm, Water suffi- 
 cient to make a gallon. Macerate the Nutgalls in one gallon of Water for 12 
 hours, then boil- in a kettle for one hour and pour off the decoction, add half a 
 gallon of fresh Water to the drugs, and boil again for half an hour and pour 
 off the liquid, press the residue and mix the product with the previous decoc- 
 tion. This will make about 1 gallon of the liquid ; to this, while still warm, 
 add the remaining ingredients and dissolve ; add Water if necessary to make 
 1 gallon, and after standing 12 hours or more strain through a coarse muslin 
 strainer. This is a good writing fluid, similar to those most popular in the 
 market. 
 
 Many other similar formulas might be given but this will be sufficient. 
 The color may be varied by using more or less Indigo Extract or Picric 
 Acid. 
 
 4433. Copying Ink, Black — For moist sheets. — By adding a little Gum 
 Arabic and Sugar to most any of the foregoing inks, fair copying inks 
 may be made, but the best copying ink may be made from the writing fluid 
 last given (4431), by adding to each pint 1 ounce of Sugar and ]/ z ounce Gum 
 Arabic. 
 
 An excellent Copying Ink may also be made from the Violet-Black Ink 
 (4430), by adding to each pint )£ ounce each of Sugar and Gum Arabic. This 
 is similar to the popular French Copying- Ink. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1175 
 
 4434. Colored Copying Inks.— Most of the high-colored Aniline Inks 
 make good copies without the addition of other ingredients. If anything is 
 required, however, l /z ounce of Gum Arabic in a pint is usually sufficient, 
 care must be taken not to make the sheets too wet for copying colored inks, 
 as they are apt to blur. 
 
 4435. Copying Inks — For dry paper. — Inks are sometimes wanted for 
 " Dry Copying " as it is termed. This depends upon the ink altogether, 
 which may be made by adding to any of the regular black or colored writing 
 Inks, from 3 to 4 fl. ounces of Glycerin in each pint, or by making the same 
 inks and using 3 ounces of Glycerin instead of the same quantity of Water 
 in a pint. 
 
 The writing is to be quickly done, without blotting and without shading, 
 and the copy taken at once. 
 
 4436. Chromograph or Hektograph Inks. — These inks are designed to 
 be used on the Hektograph or copying pad, by wlr'ch a hundred or more 
 copies or duplicates may be made from one writing. 
 
 Black, Blue, Red and I 'iolcl may be made in the same manner, but the 
 Violet is most used, because a much larger number of clear copies may be 
 made from it. The formula is as follows : Violet (or other) Aniline x / 2 
 ounce av., Alcohol ^ fl.ounce, White Sugar % ounce aw, Glycerin 1 ounce 
 aw, Water 6 fl.ounces. Mix the Aniline with the Alcohol, add the Glycerin. 
 Dissolve the Sugar in the Water and add. Of Black Aniline or Negrosine, 
 double the quantity is required. 
 
 4437. Indelible or Marking Ink — For marking Linen. — Nitrate of 
 Silver 2>% ounces, Bicarbonate of Sodium \%. ounces, Stronger Water of 
 Ammonia 3^ ounces, Tartaric Acid 1 Y% ounce, Archil 1 ounce, Powdered 
 Acacia 2^ ounces, Soluble Sap Gum (or Dextrin) 1 ounce, Sugar 1% ounces, 
 Water, sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Silver and Soda salts, 
 each separately, in two pints of boiling Water and mix the solutions. Allow 
 the precipitate to settle; decant the fluid, and collect the precipitate on a 
 paper filter, wash it with a pint of Water, and, when drained, transfer it to a 
 mortar, add the Acid and mix. When effervescense has ceased add the 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, and transfer the whole to a bottle containing 
 the Sugar. Now dissolve the Sap Gum or Dextrin in 4 ounces of Water, and 
 
 'nil by the aid of heat. Add the Acacia to the mixture, stir until dis- 
 solved, and strain. Add the Ammoniacal solution to this, and make up to 
 20 ounces with Water. 
 
 4438. Indelible Laundry Ink. — Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1 ounce 
 av.. Nitrate of Silver ]/ 2 ounce av.. Acacia, powdered, ; , OUtN e av.. Water of 
 Ammonia 1 flounce, Distilled Water 4 il. ounces. Dissolve the Carbonate of 
 Sodium in the Distilled Water and rub with the powdered Acacia in a mor- 
 tar. Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in the Water <-f Ammonia and mix with 
 the mucilage. Transfer to a flask of double the capacity of the liquid, stop 
 
1176 MISCELLANEOUS FOR.MUL.E. 
 
 closely, and heat by means of a water-bath to boiling, leaving the stopper 
 loose during the latter part of the operation. 
 
 4439. Indelible Ink for Stamp or Stencil.— Negrosine 1 ounce, Tannin 
 2 drachms, Glycerin 4 ounces, Vanadinate of Ammonium 10 grains. Mix and 
 dissolve. Other colors may be made from other Anilines. 
 
 4440. Another.— Asphaltum 1 ounce, Oil of Turpentine 4 ounces, Black 
 Printing Ink 4 ounces, Chloride of Iron y 2 ounce. Mix, dissolve and rub 
 them well together. 
 
 4441. Marking Ink for Packages and Boxes. — Extract Logwood 1 
 pound, Bichromate of Potash 1 % ounce, Hydrochloric Acid 1 % ounce, Dex- 
 trin 8 ounces, Water 1 gallon. Boil the extract with the Water, add the 
 Bichromate of Potash and the Acid, and lastly the Dextrin. Allow to stand 
 and decant. 
 
 4442. Marking Ink for Cotton Bales, etc. — Logwood Extract 1 pound, 
 Copperas 10 ounces, Bichromate of Potash \)/ 2 ounce, Hydrochloric Acid 
 2 ounces, Brown Sugar 1 pound, Water 1 gallon. Boil the extract Math the 
 Water, add the Bichromate of Potash, then the Iron and Acid, and lastly the 
 Sugar. After standing decant. 
 
 4443. Marking Inks in Cakes— For brush or stencil. — These are 
 
 made by rubbing some pigment with Dextrin or Gum Arabic in solution and 
 running the solution into boxes or molds. They are the same as water- 
 color paints, and are to be used by wetting their surface with Water and the 
 brush rubbed over them. Make a thick mucilage of Dextrin or Gum Arabic 
 and stir in the pigment to a stiff paste. For Black, use drop black or ivory 
 black ; for Blue, soluble Prussian blue or ultra-marine blue ; for Green, 
 chrome green ; for Fine Red, rose pink, scarlet lake, or carmine ; for Cheap 
 Red, Venetian red, red lead, etc. 
 
 4444. Stamping Inks for Rubber Stamps. — These are prepared from 
 the Anilines by mixing them with Glycerin, }( ounce of Aniline to 1 ounce of 
 Glycerin. Black, blue, green, red, and violet are the anilines usually used for 
 this purpose. The same inks made in this manner may be used for marking 
 pens. Cheaper inks for rubber stamps may be made with drop black, Prus- 
 sian blue, chrome green, rose pink, etc., but they are not in general favor. 
 
 4445. Ink Powders. — These are prepared for quickly making Inks by the 
 addition of hot Water. They are usually put up in packages sufficient to 
 make a pint of ink, which requires from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of 
 the powder. The following are the colors usually desired : 
 
 Black, Negrosine in Crystals 1 part, Dextrin 3 parts. 
 
 Blue, Water Blue Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 5 parts. This may also be made 
 with soluble Prussian Blue 1 part, Dextrin 2 parts. 
 Green, Green Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 4 parts. 
 Red, Eosine Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 1 part. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 1177 
 
 4446. Ribbon Inks. — Ribbon Inks for type writers, dating stamps, etc., 
 are prepared by saturating thin silk with a solution of some Aniline color in 
 Glycerin or other vehicle. The colors generally used are Black, Dark Green 
 and J 'iolet or Purple. The solution may be made by dissolving % ounce of 
 the Aniline in a mixture of Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Water 2 fl. ounces, and Glycerin 
 4 fl.ounces. The ribbon is saturated with this solution and dried. 
 
 4447. Sympathetic Inks.— Sympathetic Inks are those that, when written 
 with, show no writing until something is applied to develop them. They are 
 of no particular use ; but the method of making and using is given below. 
 
 Black Sympathetic Ink. Write with Tincture of Iron diluted with 10 
 parts of Water, and develop with a blotter moistened with a solution of Tan- 
 nin or decoction of Nutgalls, or strong Tea. ■ 
 
 This may be reversed by writing with a decoction of Nutgalls and develop- 
 ing with the blotter moistened with Tincture of Iron. 
 
 Blue Sympathetic Ink. Write with a solution of Ferrocyanide of Potas- 
 sium, in 20 parts of hot Water. Develop with a blotter moistened with a 
 solution of Iron. 
 
 The operation may also be reversed. 
 
 Sympathetic Ink Developed by Heat. Sulphate of Copper and Muriate of 
 Ammonia, equal parts, dissolved in Water. 
 
 The writing turns yellow when exposed to heat. 
 
 Lemon juice or the mineral acids diluted, solution of Salt, Saltpetre and 
 many other substances, when the writing is exposed to heat, turn yellow or 
 brown. 
 
 A weak solution of Chloride of Nickel, mixed with Chloride of Cobalt, 
 turns a beautiful green when exposed to heat. 
 
 A weak solution of Cobalt, in Nitro-muriatic Acid, becomes green when 
 the writing is heated, and when cooled again, entirely disappears. 
 
 Copper, dissolved in Muriatic Acid and diluted, becomes yellow when the 
 writing is heated, and disappears when cold. 
 
 A solution of Acetate of Cobalt, to which a little Nitrate of Cobalt is added, 
 becomes rose color when the writing is heated, and disappears when cold. 
 
 4448. Gold and Silver Inks.— Take equal parts of Gold Leaf (or Silver 
 Leafj and Honey. Triturate them in a mortar until perfectly fine, then add 
 about 30 parts hot Water, and triturate. Allow to settle and pour off the 
 Water. Triturate again with fresh hot Water. Allow to settle and pour off 
 as before. Repeat the washing several times until the Honey is all washed 
 out, then dry the powdered Gold Leaf and mix it with Water and Gum 
 Arabic. It must be shaken occasionally while writing. 
 
 Very fine Bronze may be made into Ink by adding Water and Gum Arabic 
 and shaking occasionally while writing. 
 
 4449. White Ink.— For writing on black cards and some other purposes, 
 White Ink is sometimes desired, tl may be made bv rubbing Flake White 
 
1178 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 
 
 6 drachms with Acacia, Mucilage 3 drachms, and enough Water to make 1 
 fl.ounce. It must be shaken up before using. 
 
 4450. Horticultural Inks — For writing on Metal. — This ink is pre- 
 pared for writing on metal tags for labeling plants, trees, etc. Blue Vitriol 1 
 ounce, Salamoniac % ounce, both in powder, dissolve in ]/ z pint of strong 
 vinegar. This may be used on Zinc or Iron strips or steel ; a quill should be 
 used for writing. 
 
 4451. Liquid Slating for Blackboards. — Shellac 8 ounces, Lampblack 
 \y 2 ounce, Ultramarine Blue lYz ounces, powdered Rottonstone 4 ounces, 
 powdered Pumice Stone 6 ounces, Alcohol 4 pints. Dissolve the Shellac in 
 the Alcohol, add the other ingredients and mix them well together, apply- 
 quickly with a fiat varnish brush. 
 
 Ink Erasing Fluid. 
 
 Fluids for Erasing Ink are somewhat in demand and may readily 
 be made by druggists. 
 
 4452. Ink Eraser — One Preparation. — Solution of Chlorinated Soda 
 (Labarraque's Solution) 2 parts, Water 1 part. Mix them. This is to be 
 applied, and as soon as the ink disappears the moisture absorbed with clean 
 blotting paper. 
 
 Ink Eraser. Two Preparations. No. 1. Hydrochloric Acid 1 ounce, 
 Water 1 gallon. Mix them. 
 
 No. 2. Solution of Chlorinated Soda 2 parts, Water 1 part. Mix them. 
 To erase the ink apply No. 1 with the end of the penholder, and then directly 
 apply No. 2, and when the ink has disappeared absorb the moisture with 
 clean blotting paper. 
 
 Bluings. 
 
 These are made both dry and liquid. The dry Bluings aside 
 from indigo, consist of soluble Prussian Blue, and the liquids are 
 solutions of the same in Water. They may be prepared as follows : 
 
 4453. Dry Bluing. — Prussian Blue 4 parts. Oxalic Acid 1 part Powder 
 the Oxalic Acid and mix them well together. If soluble Prussian Blue is used 
 no acid is necessary. This is put up in various ways for the market. 
 
 4454. Liquid Bluing.— Soluble Prussian Blue 1 ounce, Oxalic Acid % 
 ounce, Boiling Water 1 quart. Dissolve the salts in the water. 
 
 Blackings and Shoe Dressings, etc. 
 
 A great variety of Blackings and Shoe Dressings are found in the 
 market good, poor and bad. We have space only to give two or 
 three good formulas. 
 
 4455. Shoe Blacking — French Blacking. — The paste Shoe Blackings 
 of the market are all made in the same general way, by combining some 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1179 
 
 elastic substances with oils, driers, black pigments, etc. The difference in 
 them consists mainly in the quality of the materials used and the skill with 
 which they are compounded. The following will make a good blacking. 
 Dissolve India Rubber, cut fine, 2 ounces, in Cotton Seed Oil 1 pound, by 
 the aid of heat, and add to the solution Ivory Black, in very fine powder, 7 
 pounds, Molasses 5 pounds, Gum Arabic, in powder, 2 ounces, Strong Vine- 
 gar 22 fl.ounces. Mix them thoroughly and grind the mixture through a 
 paint mill, then add the Sulphuric Acid 1 ]/$ pound, and stir daily for a week 
 or more, or heat gently and incorporate the acid while warm. The use of 
 Sulphuric acid in this blacking is not objectionable as it is neutralized by the 
 lime salts contained in the Ivory or bone black used. 
 
 4456. Liquid Paste Blacking. — A liquid Blacking may be made by 
 melting the above and mixing it with good vinegar, say three gallons for the 
 above quantity. This is not like the popular Shoe Dressings on the market. 
 
 4457. Shoe Dressing. — Shellac, dark colored, \% pound av., Sal Soda, 
 crystals, 6]4. ounces av., Gum Arabic 4 ounces av., Negrosine (Black Aniline) 
 % ounce av.. Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. Put the Sal Soda in half a 
 gallon of Water and heat to boiling, add the Shellac to the boiling solution 
 and continue the heat for 10 or 15 minutes until all the Shellac has dissolved 
 that will (there will be a small portion undissolved), then add the Negrosine 
 and a pint of Water in which the Gum Arabic has previously been dissolved. 
 When cool, strain and add enough Water to make 1 gallon. 
 
 This is similar to most of the " patent " Shoe Dressings on the market. It 
 may be made to dry more quickly by adding a little Alcohol. 
 
 4458. Bronze Shoe Dressing. — Add to the foregoing %. to ^ ounce of 
 Red Aniline in a gallon, and dissolve by gentle heat. Some other colored 
 anilines will also make a bronze finish. 
 
 4459. Patent Leather Dressing. — This is designed to give a finish like 
 patent leather, and is waterproof. It may also be used as a Belt Polish, and 
 for all similar purposes. India Rubber ]4 ounce, Shellac 4 ounces, Camphor 
 y z ounce, Negrosine ]/ z ounce, Wood Alcohol 12 fl.ounces. Dissolve the 
 rubber by heat of water-bath in the Wood Alcohol, then add the other in- 
 gredients and dissolve. 
 
 4460. Bronzing Liquid. — Red Aniline 1 ounce, Violet or Purple Aniline 
 Yz ounce, Alcohol 10 ounces, Benzoic Acid ; 2 ' ounce. Dissolve the Anilines 
 in the Alcohol by aid of water-bath, then add the Benzoic Acid and boil 5 or 
 10 minutes, or until the greenish color of the preparation is changed to a light 
 colored bronze. Apply with a brush or sponge. 
 
 This may be added to the shoe dressing. 
 
 4461. Government Harness Dressing. — Watsfoot Oil 1 gallon, Bayberry 
 Tallow 2 pounds, Beeswax 2 pounds, Beef Tallow 2 pounds, Castor Oil $4 
 
 gallon, Lampblack 1 ounce. Melt together the Wax and Tallow, and add 
 the Oils and Lampblack. When thoroughly mixed, strain through muslin. 
 
1180 -MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 4462. Waterproof Blacking.— For greasing boots, making them Water- 
 proof, etc. Neatsfoot Oil 1 gallon, Beeswax 2 pounds, Shellac yi pound, 
 Beef Tallow 8 pounds, Castor Oil 1 quart, Lampblack % pound. Melt and 
 mix them as the preceding. 
 
 4463. Harness Polish.— Glue 4 ounces, Vinegar \yi pint, Gum Arabic 
 2 ounces, Black Logwood Ink yi pint. Dissolve the Glue in the Vinegar by 
 heat of water-bath, dissolve the Gum Arabic in the Ink. Mix the solutions 
 while warm. This makes a jelly which should be dissolved by gentle heat 
 when wanted to use. By adding to this y 2 ounce Nitric Acid it makes a 
 liquid which is always ready for use. 
 
 The Shoe Dressing (4457) may also be used for Harness Polish. 
 
 4464. Hectograph Copying Pad.— Hectograph Copying Pads should be 
 made somewhat softer for winter use than for summer, which can be done 
 by adding a little larger proportion of Glycerin. Good Glue 4 ounces av., 
 Glycerin 16 ounces av., Water 8 flounces. Break up the Glue and soak in 
 the Water for a few hours, then heat by water-bath until melted, and add the 
 Glycerin and heat together for some time to evaporate part of the Water, 
 then strain into a shallow square tin to make the desired shape, and skim 
 with a card to free from bubbles. This is improved by adding 1 ounce car- 
 bonate of barium to the liquid while warm. 
 
 The writing to be copied is done with Hectograph Ink (4436) and trans- 
 ferred to the pad, sheets of paper are then put on and copies made. 
 
 4465. Carbon Duplicating Paper. — Lard 10 ounces, Beeswax 2 ounces, 
 Canada Balsam 1 y 2 drachm, Lampblack sufficient. Melt the Lard, Wax and 
 Balsam together and add enough Lampblack to make of the desired color. 
 This is applied to firm thin paper with a flannel dauber and wiped off with 
 clean rags. 
 
 POLISHING PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Among the preparations put up and sold by druggists and others 
 connected with the business are a great variety of Polishes of differ- 
 ent kinds, and for various uses. The following are the formulas for 
 the more important ones : 
 
 Furniture Polish. 
 
 For restoring the color or luster of furniture, preparations are 
 designed to be applied with a cloth, and rubbed until dry. 
 
 4466. Furniture Cream. — Common White Soap 150 grains, Sal Tartar 
 60 grains, White Wax lyi ounces, Water 5 fl. ounces, Oil of Turpentine 10 
 fl. ounces. Melt the Soap in the Water by the heat of water-bath, add the 
 Sal Tartar and then the White Wax. When the Wax is melted, remove 
 from the fire and slowly add, with constant stirring, the Oil of Turpentine, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS .EURMUL.E. 1181 
 
 mixing them thoroughly while cooling. This is to be applied with a cloth 
 and rubbed down with Canton flannel. 
 
 4467. Furniture Polish.— Linseed Oil 6 flounces, Alcohol 3 fl ounces, 
 Shellac 1 ounce av., " Butter " of Antimony 1 Y flounces, Hydrochloric Acid 
 x /z ounce, Oil of Turpentine 5 flounces. Dissolve the Shellac in the Alcohol, 
 and mix with the Linseed Oil and Turpentine, then, having mixed the Hydro- 
 chloric Acid and " Butter " of Antimony, add them to the preparation and 
 mix thoroughly. Apply as the preceding. 
 
 Glass Polish. 
 
 For polishing glass, mirrors and bright ware, as silver-plated 
 ware, etc., the following are recommended : 
 
 4468. Glass and Silver Polish. — Prepared Chalk 3 ounces av., Alcohol, 
 Water of Ammonia and Water, each, 3 fl. ounces. Mix them by rubbing the 
 Chalk to a smooth paste with the liquids. 
 
 4469. Glass Polish. — Calcined Magnesia mixed with Gasoline into a 
 liquid of the consistence of cream is excellent for polishing plate glass, mir- 
 rors, etc. Calcined Magnesia made up into balls with powdered soap is also 
 a good preparation for this purpose. 
 
 Silver Polishes. 
 
 The following arc recommended for polishing silver and nickel- 
 plated ware, etc. They make fine polishes that will not scratch. 
 
 4470. Silver Polishing Liquid. — Prepared Chalk 1 pound, Crocus Martis 
 4 ounces. Mix well together and to make up, put 1 ounce of the mixture in 
 a 4 ounce bottle, add 1 ounce of Water of Ammonia and Water enough to 
 fill the bottle. Shake before using and apply with a cloth, then rub off when 
 <lry with another cloth. 
 
 4471. Silver Polish Powder. — Rouge or fine Crocus Martis 1 ounce, 
 Fossil Silica 4 ounces, Prepared Chalk 1 pound. Rub the Fossil Silica to a 
 fine powder and mix intimately with the Chalk. This will not scratch the 
 finest surface. A cheaper powder may be made with whiting and rotten 
 stone, or by using Prepared Chalk alone. 
 
 4472. Silvering Solution or Polish. — Cyanide of Potassium 2 ounces, 
 Nitrate of Silver 1 ounce, or a sufficient quantity, Distilled Water 12 ounces. 
 Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces. Dissolve the Cyanide of Potassium in the 
 Water and add to it a concentrated solution of Nitrate of Silver as long as 
 the precipitate first formed is redissolved, then add the chalk, and mix them 
 thoroughly. This serves as a plating and polish for silver. 
 
 4473. Gilding Solution.— This is made in the same manner as the fore- 
 going, only Chloride of Cold and Sodium is used instead of Nitrate of Silvr. 
 
1182 ' MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS. 
 
 Polishes for Brass and Metal. 
 
 The foregoing polishes may also be used on brass and metals, 
 but do not " take hold " like the following : 
 
 4474. Polishing or Pultz Pomade. — Subcarbonate of Iron 6 ounces, 
 Fossil Silica 2 ounces, Petrolatum 1 pound, Cotton Seed Oil 2 ounces, Oil of 
 Mirbane, or Essential Oil of Almonds 40 minims. Reduce the Fossil Silica 
 to a very fine powder and mix it with the Iron, melt the Petrolatum, add the 
 Cotton Seed Oil and stir in the powders, run through a sieve, and while cool- 
 ing add the flavoring Oil and stir until ready to set, then run into boxes. 
 
 Instead of Fossil Silica, Prepared Chalk or Whiting may be used. 
 This is applied with a rag and well rubbed, then wiped off with a clean 
 cloth and the surface polished with a little whiting if necessary. 
 
 4475. Polishing Liquid — For Brass, Copper, etc. — Oxalic Acid 1 ounce, 
 Crocus Martis 2 ounces, Whiting 4 ounces, Water 1 pint. Mix. Shake be- 
 fore using, apply with rubbing and polish dry with' Whiting. The same 
 substances may also be used dry, or applied with a little Oil with rubbing 
 and rubbed dry with whiting. 
 
 4476. For Polishing Tin.— Mix Oxide of Tin 1 part with Whiting 3 
 parts, and polish by rubbing with the powder. 
 
 4477. Tripoli. — This is a gritty, polishing substance made by calcining 
 flint and reducing to a powder ; ordinary Water Lime is used for the same 
 purpose. They are not intended for fine, highly-polished surfaces, but for 
 brightening and scouring. 
 
 4478. Stove Blacking or Polish. — Stove Blacking as it is known in the 
 market is simply Blacklead, Amorphus Graphite or Plumbago, variously pre- 
 pared and moulded, pressed, or cut into shape. It is obtained from mines, 
 and consists of Carbon mixed with Iron, the mixture often being called Car- 
 bide or Carburet of Iron. It is finely ground, made into a stiff paste, 
 moulded into bricks or other convenient form and dried. It is also furnished 
 in the form of paste run into boxes. 
 
 Laundry Polish. 
 
 For giving a gloss to linen, preparations are put up in the form of 
 liquids, also in cakes of wax. They are mixed with the starch when 
 made, and the polish is secured by ironing with a rounding polishing 
 iron. 
 
 4479. Laundry Wax or Polish — Starch Gloss. — White Wax, Paraffin, 
 Spermaceti, Stearin, powdered Gum Arabic, of each equal parts, melt the 
 waxes, and while cooling stir in the powdered Gum Arabic and run in 
 molds. Two drachms of this wax boiled with a pint of starch and thoroughly 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1183 
 
 mixed with it is the proper proportion for polishing, half the quantity suffices 
 for ordinan r finishing. 
 
 Paraffin alone is used for the same purpose. 
 
 4480. Liquid Starch Glace.— White Wax 1 ounce, Spermaceti 1 ounce, 
 Gum Arabic 1 ounce, Borax 1 ounce, Water 10 ounces, Oil of Cloves 10 
 drops. Dissolve the Borax and Gum Arabic in the Water, melt the Wax 
 and Spermaceti and while liquid rub with the solution of Borax, etc., to make 
 an emulsion, mixing them thoroughly. A tablespoonful or two of this liquid 
 in a pint of starch gives a fine polish. It may also be applied after starching 
 by rubbing over the starch with a cloth, and then polishing with the iron. 
 
 PRESERVATIVES. 
 
 For preserving fruit, fruit juices, foods, etc., several preparations 
 are put up and sold in various forms. The following a;c repre- 
 sentations. 
 
 4481. Cider Keeper. — For keeping Cider and other fruit juice.- ;- 
 Acid has been proven to be the best. It may be put up in packages of ; 4 
 ounce each, which is sufficient to keep a barrel (45 gallons) of Cider. It is 
 to be added when the Cider is "just right," and should be mixed with a gallon 
 of Cider before adding to the remainder, and then horoughly mixed with the 
 whole. 
 
 For keeping wines, etc., it should not be added until after fermentation 
 has ceased. 
 
 4482. Cider Preservative.— Sulphite of Lime is used for this purpose 
 with good effect. Four ounces in a barrel of Cider is the required quantity, 
 mixed in the same manner as above described. 
 
 4483. Fruit Juice Preservative. — To preserve Fruit Juices in their 
 natural condition without the aid of heat, add to each gallon of the freshly 
 pressed juice 20 fl. ounces of Cologne Spirit in which 40 grains of Salicylic 
 Acid have been dissolved, and set away, tightly stopped, in a cool place. 
 Treated in this manner Fruit Juices will not spoil, ferment or mould. 
 
 4484. Fruit Preserving Liquids.— A saturated solution of Hyposulphite 
 of Sodium may be used for preserving fruit, in the proportion of a tablespoon- 
 ful to a quart of fruit. It imparts a bitterish, saline taste. 
 
 A solution of Salicylic Acid 1 ounce, in Alcohol 1 pint, may be used for 
 the same purpose, a tablespoonful being used with a quart of fruit and the 
 ordinary quantity of sugar. 
 
 4485. Egg Preservatives.— Eggs maybe preserved by dipping them in 
 melted paraffin or by rubbing them over witli Petrolatum, witli which a little 
 
1184 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 Salicylic Acid, say % per cent., has been mixed. They should be rubbed 
 over twice with this. 
 
 They may also be preserved by soaking in the saturated solution of Hypo- 
 sulphite of Sodium as above, or in a strong solution of Salicylic Acid in 
 Alconol. 
 
 4486. For Preserving Specimens. — For specimens to be preserved in 
 anatomical jars, Diluted Alcohol is the best preservative. The substance 
 should be suspended from the hook or by a cord, and covered with Diluted 
 Alcohol. 
 
 4487. For Preserving Organic Substancs. — Wicker sheim's Process. 
 
 FOR INJECTING. FOR STEEPING. 
 
 Arsenious Acid, 16 grammes. 12 grammes. 
 
 Sodium Chloride, 80 grammes. 60 grammes. 
 
 Potassium Sulphate, 200 grammes. 1 50 grammes. 
 
 Potassium Nitrate 25 grammes. 18 grammes. 
 
 Potassium Carbonate, 20 grammes. 1 5 grammes. 
 
 Water 10 liters. 10 liters. 
 
 Glycerin 4 liters. 4 liters. 
 
 Methylic Alcohol, % liter. y z liter. 
 
 The solid substances are boiled in the Glycerin and Water, and the Alcohol 
 added when cool. These liquids are used for preserving dead bodies, 
 embalming, etc. 
 
 WINES AND SPIRITOUS LIQUORS. 
 
 Wines and Spiritous Liquors form quite a large portion of the 
 articles used and sold by druggists. In this article it is impossible 
 to give anything but a brief outline of their manufacture, but our 
 work seems incomplete without such reference. The following 
 processes, formula?, etc., are therefore given. They have also been 
 referred to in the articles : Alcohol, page 86, Wines, page 997, and 
 Spirits, page 767, 771. 
 
 Wines. 
 
 Natural and artificial Wines are found in the market in great 
 variety ; both kinds will be considered in this article. 
 
 4488. Pure Wines are, or should be, made by the fermentation of Grape 
 juice, by which their saccharine matter is converted into Alcohol or Spirit, 
 which, if in sufficient quantity, prevents the Wine from deliterious change ; 
 but if insufficient, is still further oxidized, being converted first into an aldehyd 
 and then into acetic acid or vinegar. With light grape juices it is often 
 necessary to add cane-sugar previous to or during fermentation, that a larger 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1185 
 
 proportion of Alcohol may be produced by its decomposition, or to add a 
 small percentage of Cologne Spirit to the Wine after the fermentation is com- 
 pleted, and before the acetic change has begun, and should be three years 
 old before they are offered for use. 
 
 In making Wines the cask or package in which they are made should be 
 kept filled, by adding a little from time to time as the pumice and foam works 
 off through the open bung at the top. When the fermentation is completed, 
 they should be tightly bunged and put aside in a cool place, and after standing 
 a few months " racked off " into another clean cask, rejecting the sediment 
 at the bottom. 
 
 4489. White Wines. — These are made from many varieties of grapes 
 by pressing out their juice, fermenting and treating as already described. 
 These Wines are known by various names derived from the variety of grapes 
 from which they are obtained, the locality where they are produced, etc. In 
 medicine, imported Sherry is preferred, as it contains a larger percentage of 
 Alcohol than other varieties. Our own native Wines are also much used, 
 California Wines, Angelica Sherry and Muscatel, being of good body and 
 flavor, and Catawba Wine made in the East, are much esteemed. 
 
 4490. Red Wines.— Most of the Red Wines are made by fermenting the 
 juice of red grapes in presence of their skins and pulp. Unlike the White 
 Wines the juice is not pressed out until the fermentation has proceeded for 
 some time. This process secures the red color and the astringent qualities 
 which the Red Wines usually possess. The favorite medicinal Red Wine is 
 the Oporto or Port ; but similar Wines made in this country from various 
 varieties of red grapes are much used. 
 
 4491. Improvement of Wines.— It has been found by experiment that 
 the quality of Wines may be improved and the quantity much increased in 
 various ways. 
 
 ChaptaVs process consists in the addition of sugar to the expressed juice 
 before fermentation, which being decomposed increases the Alcoholic strength. 
 Marble dust is then added to neutralize the excess of acid. 
 
 Dr. Gall's method is to prepare a normal must or juice mixed with an 
 equal quantity of Water, containing 0.5 to 0.6 per cent, of free acid and 22 
 to 24 per cent, of sugar, which is treated in the same manner as true grape 
 juice. 
 
 Pettot's method for improving and increasing the quantity of Wine, consists 
 of adding to the expressed juice an equal volume of Water containing the 
 same proportion of sugar as is contained in the natural juice. Then to the 
 pulp of the grapes adding a like quantity of Water sweetened in the same 
 proportion and allowing to ferment for three days. Then pouring off and 
 again adding the same quantity of sweetened Water to the same pulp and 
 allowing to ferment as before, and finally mixing the liquids all together, thus 
 making four times as much Wine as there was grape juice to start with. 
 and, it is claimed, equal in all respects to pure grape juice Wine. Wines 
 
1186 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 
 
 made in this manner have the true bouquet of pure Wines, are not subject to 
 disease like pure Wines, and mature in a few months instead of two or three 
 years as is required for natural wines. 
 
 Glycerin and Salicylic Acid are often added to Wines to preserve them. 
 To preserve light Wines (deficient in Alcohol), they are heated to 124 F. 
 and put up at once in bottles or casks, and closely sealed ; this process was 
 introduced by Pasteur. 
 
 Artificial Wines. 
 
 Besides the process of improving and diluting Wines above de- 
 scribed, a great deal of Wine entirely fictitious is found in the 
 market. A few formulas only can be given, and they are given as 
 suggestions rather than formulas, for each kind of Wine requires 
 some special treatment peculiar to itself. 
 
 4492. Artificial White Wine.— As a base for any of the Artificial White 
 Wines the following may be used : Grape Sugar 25 pounds, Tartaric Acid 
 Yz pound, Hot Water 6 gallons, Cold Water 19 gallons, Grape pulp, fresh, 
 50 pounds (or common raisins 30 pounds). Dissolve the Sugar and Acid in 
 the hot Water and add the cold Water, add this to the Grape pulp or to the 
 raisins, chopped fine, stir well together and allow to ferment 4 or 5 days, 
 stirring occasionally, then press and transfer the liquid to a barrel in the cellar 
 and treat in the same manner as other Wine. If necessary after fermenta- 
 tion Cologne Spirit may be added to make up the alcoholic percentage 
 required. 
 
 The Grape pulp or raisins used will give the desired flavor to the Wine, 
 according to the kind used, but if a more distinctive flavor is desired, the 
 artificial flavors or oils made for the purpose from Ethers may be used as 
 directed. In this manner Angelica, Muscatel, Catawba, Rhine Wine, 
 Sherry and other varieties may be made. Champagne is artificially prepared 
 from white wine by charging it with carbonic acid gas, and bottling. 
 
 4493. Artificial Red Wines.— As a general base for Artificial Red Wine 
 the foregoing formula may be used with the addition of astringents, coloring 
 substances and flavoring. The substances used for coloring are juices of 
 fruits, as raspberry, cherry, elderberry, pokeberry, whortleberry, etc., or de- 
 coctions of Cochineal, Brazil wood, logwood, etc. ; the former are greatly to 
 be preferred ; Prunes are also frequently added. The flavorings are made 
 from combinations of ethers, etc. The astringent substances added are, 
 Catechu, Kino, Oak-bark, Tincture of Galls, etc., about 1 ounce of Catechu 
 or Kino being used for 10 gallons of Port Wine and two or three times the 
 quantity for Clarets. Much less sugar also is required in the Bordeaux or 
 Claret Wines. 
 
 4494. Wine Essences or Extracts. — The true flavor of Wines can only 
 be obtained in a concentrated form by distilling the Wines or the lees from 
 which the juices are pressed, and separating their flavoring or oils by various 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1187 
 
 treatment. These oils or essences or flavors, are ethers, which result from 
 the oxidation of Alcohol radicals, chiefly of the Amyl and Ethyl series, and 
 they may be artificially produced by combining various Ethers, obtained by 
 the oxidation of fousel oil, potato oil, etc. Their production and combination, 
 however, is still experimental and uncertain, and it cannot be said that the 
 true flavor of any particular kind of Wine has been produced artificially, 
 although close imitations have been arrived at, and manufacturers claim to 
 furnish Wine essences or flavors of various kinds. They are at best, how- 
 ever, but poor imitations, and their formulas had better be deferred until they 
 have been more definitely determined than at present. 
 
 Spirits or Spiritous Liquors. 
 
 Spiritous Liquors are prepared from saccharine or starchy liquids 
 by fermentation and subsequent distillation of the more volatile 
 portions which result from the decomposition of the sugar or its 
 change into alcohol. Fruit and other juices, grains of various 
 kinds, or any substances which contain sugar or starch in abund- 
 ance, may be used for making spirits. In this country Brandy, dis- 
 tilled from Wines or fermented grapes, apples, etc., Rum, distilled 
 from fermented molasses, or sugar cane juice, and Whisky and Gin, 
 distilled from fermented grains or other substances containing starch, 
 are the chief liquors used ; but in other countries other liquors con- 
 taining alcohol are made from various substances, as rice, the juice 
 of cactus, potatoes, etc. 
 
 The general process of making Spiritous Liquors is briefly de- 
 scribed under ALohol, page 87. For the special processes and 
 treatment of various substances for the production of Spirits or 
 Alcohol our readers are referred to standard works upon that sub- 
 ject. The following brief suggestions may be of interest : 
 
 4495. Brandy. — Brandy is distilled from fermented grape juice or the 
 fermented pulp and juice of grapes ; the best varieties being known as Cog- 
 nac, obtained from the South of Europe ; good brandy is also made in this 
 country. A brandy is also obtained from cider, which is familiarly known as 
 " Apple Jack." 
 
 Brandy contains from 40 to 60 per cent, of Alcohol, the varieties generally 
 sold being about 50 per cent, or ioo° proof. 
 
 4496. Artificial Brandy.— The high price of Brandy makes its artificial 
 production quite desirable, and fictitious brandy is much more frequently 
 found in the market than genuine. The simplest way to make Artificial 
 Brandy is to dilute Cologne Spirit 190 proof, with an equal volume of pure 
 Water, adding to each gallon about 5 grains of Tannic Acid, 3 drops Oil of 
 Cognac, 3 drops of Qinanthic Kther. and sufficient burnt sugar coloring to 
 
1188 MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E 
 
 give it the desired color. This may be improved by adding i fl. drachm Ex- 
 tract of Orris and 5 drops Essence of Almond to a gallon. One ounce of 
 Syrup is sometimes added. 
 
 This may also be prepared from the Brandy Essence and proof Spirit, or 
 diluted Cologne Spirit, as directed below. 
 
 4497. Brandy Essence. — A flavoring for Brandy may be prepared ready 
 for use as follows : Oil of Cognac, fine, 1 ounce, CEnanthic Ether, commer- 
 cial, 1 ounce, Oil of Bitter Almond 2 fl. drachms, Orris Root, in powder, 16 
 ounces, Tannin 2 ounces, Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 gallon. Mace- 
 rate the Orris Root in the Spirit for one week and percolate until 1 gallon is 
 obtained ; to this add the Tannin, dissolve and filter, and then dissolve the 
 Oils and Ether in the filtrate. Half a pint of this Essence is sufficient for 40 
 gallons of Brandy (1 ounce for 5 gallons), added to colored proof Spirit. 
 The true Oil of Cognac is very expensive, but upon this depends the fine 
 flavor of the brandy. 
 
 4498. Rum. — Rum is distilled from fermented molasses or from the fer- 
 mented juice of the sugar-cane. New England Rum is distilled from 
 molasses, but St. Croix or Santa Cruz and Jamaica Rum, made in the 
 West Indies, are distilled from the juice and fragments of sugar-cane and the 
 refuse of sugar factories. The juice and slices of pine apples and other 
 tropical fruit are usually added to the distilled rum or mixed with the fer- 
 mented liquid before distillation. Jamaica Rum is the most esteemed of any, 
 
 As found on the market the different kinds of Rum are about ioo° proof, 
 but Jamaica Rum as imported contains from 60 to 75 per cent, of Alcohol. 
 Much of the Rum found on the market is artificially prepared after the man- 
 ner described below. 
 
 4499. Artificial N. E. Rum. — Cologne Spirit 190 proof, pure Water, 
 each, 10 gallons, Butyric Ether 2 ounces, Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms, Extract 
 Orris 2 fl.drachms, Syrup 1 quart. Mix them. 
 
 4500. Artificial Jamaica Rum. — To imitate Jamaica Rum best, a portion 
 (from Yz to Y) of imported Jamaica Rum should be used, diluted to proof 
 with Cologne Spirit and Water, and flavored with a little Essence of Jamaica 
 Rum, about 1 ounce to 10. gallons of the finished product. A very good 
 imitation may, however, be made as follows: Cologne Spirit 190 proof 10 
 gallons, Water 10 gallons, Essence Jamaica Rum 3 ounces, Tincture Catechu 
 2 ounces, Brown coloring (caramel), sufficient. Mix them. 
 
 4501. Artificial Santa Cruz Rum. — This may best be made by mixing 
 1 gallon of Genuine Santa Cruz Rum with 7 gallons New England Rum, and 
 adding 1 ounce of Jamaica Rum Essence. 
 
 4502. Imitation Arrack.— To 12 gallons of New England or Santa Cruz 
 Rum add 1 ounce of Benzoin and 1 ounce of Tolu, and 1 sliced pine apple, 
 macerate for two weeks and filter through a little Magnesium Carb. The 
 Benzoin and Tolu are best dissolved as much as possible in a pint of Cologne 
 Spirit before adding. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1189 
 
 4503. Jamaica Rum Essence.— Butyric Ether 15 fl.ounces, Acetic Ether 
 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Vanilla, Alcoholic, 2 fl.ounces, Extract of Orris 2 
 fl.ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 ounces. Mix them. 
 
 4504. Whisky. — This is by far the most familiar and most used spiritous 
 liquor of this country. Our distillers are famed for the production of fine 
 brands of Whisky, which, like the wines of certain houses of Europe, have 
 their reputation at home and abroad. The production of fine whiskies is a 
 trade secret with their manufacturers, all being similar in composition and 
 alcoholic strength but differing sufficiently in flavor to make them distinctive 
 and different to experts. Whiskies are made by combining various grains 
 with rye or barleymalt, etc., in varying proportions, grinding, fermenting, 
 treating in various ways, distilling, etc. ; but the limits of this article does not 
 admit even of a description of the processes employed only in a general way. 
 (See page 87.) In the manufacture of fine whiskies from 8 to 10 quarts only- 
 are distilled from each bushel of grain used ; but in making the cheaper grades 
 of whisky, by improved process, from 13 to 20 quarts are distilled from the 
 mash for each bushel of grain used. Whisky improves by age and is not 
 suitable for use until it is at least 2 years old. Various treatments for 
 " Aging " Whisky by agitation and otherwise are employed. 
 
 4505. Artificial Whisky. — Owing to the moderately low price of good 
 Whisky as compared with Spirits but a small proportion of the amount sold 
 is made up from Cologne or Neutral Spirit direct ; but by mixing different 
 grades of Whisky, or by mixing good high flavored Whisky with proof Spirit, 
 a great variety of cheap and moderate-priced whiskies are produced. Nor 
 is this alone the reason for mixing whiskies, for by combining some of the 
 best grades with each other " blends " are produced which surpass in flavor 
 those of which they are composed when taken alone. A variety of flavoring 
 essences or oils are also made for flavoring whiskies, but they are little used 
 except by rectifiers. 
 
 These oils or essences are combinations of Amyl and Ethyl Ethers as be- 
 fore described and have no standard of composition, different manufacturers 
 furnishing entirely different flavors under the same name. 
 
 A general formula for Whisky made from spirits is as follows : Cologne 
 Spirit, 190 proof, 20 gallons, pure Water 20 gallons, good, high flavored 
 Bourbon or Rye Whisky 10 gallons. Mix and color with burnt sugar (Cara- 
 mel). For Wheat Whisky leave uncolored. This makes a good cheap 
 Whisky without any objectionable features. If too expensive for the use de- 
 sired, on account of the addition of the good Whisky, 8 ounces of any of the 
 following essences may be used instead. The proof may also be reduced by 
 adding more Water, and by the addition of 2 ounces of the beading oil it will 
 still "hold its bead." 
 
 4506. Bourbon Whisky Essence.— Rectified Fousel Oil 1 ounce, Ace- 
 tate of Amyl 4 ounces. Pelargonic Ether 2 ounces, Extract of Orris 4 ounces, 
 Oil of Wintergreen 1 ounce. Acetic Ether 1 ounce, Cologne Spirit 1 2 11. ounces. 
 Mix them. Use 1 ounce for flavoring 5 gallons. 
 
1190 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 4507. Rye Whisky Essence.— Butyric Ether 1 ounce. Rectified Fousil 
 Oil 1 ounce, Butyrate of Amyl 1 ounce, Acetic Ether 2 ounces, Extract of 
 Orris 4 ounces, Extract of Vanilla 1 ounce. Extract of Musk Root 4 ounces, 
 Cologne Spirit 12 fl. ounces. Mix them. Use 1 ounce for flavoring 5 gallons. 
 
 4508. Scotch and Irish Whisky.— These have a smoky flavor, which 
 may be imitated by adding Soot, or by adding a drachm of Creasote dissolved 
 in an ounce of Acetic Acid to a barrel of ordinary Whisky. Many other 
 varieties of Whisky are known ; as Malt Whisky, Monongahela Whisky, 
 and an infinite number of private brands of manufacturers which have 
 become popular. 
 
 4509. Bead or Beading Oil. — For low proof liquors an artificial bead is 
 required. It is made by rubbing 1 ounce of the finest Olive or Almond Oil 
 with 1 ounce of Sulphuric Acid in a mortar, gradually added, and when en- 
 tirely combined adding sufficient Cologne Spirit to dissolve it, about 20 ounces 
 being necessary. Two or three ounces of this is used in a barrel. 
 
 This Beading Oil is used for all kinds of spiritous liquors. The same 
 effect may be secured by filtering through starch or wheat bran. 
 
 4510. Rye and Rock.— Good Rye Whisky 6 pints, Water 1 pint, Rock 
 Candy 2 pounds. Dissolve the Rock Candy by heating with the Water ; 
 then add the Whisky and filter. The Whisky and Water may also be mixed 
 and the Rock Candy dissolved in the mixture cold, but it is much more ex- 
 peditious to dissolve the Rock Candy first in the Water by heat. 
 
 4511. Tolu, Rock and Rye.— Tincture Tolu 2 ounces, Carbonate of 
 Magnesium yi ounce, Good Rye Whisky 6 pints, Water 1 pint, Rock Candy 
 2 pounds. Rub the Magnesium to a fine powder and add the Tincture Tolu ; 
 triturate and gradually add 8 ounces of the Whisky, rubbing it thoroughly 
 together. Dissolve the Rock Candy by heating with the Water and add the 
 Whisky, then mix all together, allow it to stand 24 hours, and filter clear. 
 This is a much used and very good stimulating cough preparation. 
 
 Dose, tablespoonful or more, as required 
 
 4512. Tolu, Rock, Rye and Redroot. — Fluid Extract Bloodroot % 
 ounce, Tolu, Rock and Rye 1 gallon. Mix and after standing 48 hours filter. 
 The addition of the Bloodroot to the Tolu, Rock and Rye makes a fine prep- 
 aration for bronchial difficulties, coughs, colds, etc. 
 
 4513. Gin.— Aside from Whisky, Gin is the most used of any of the 
 Alcoholic liquors. The spirit from which genuine Gin is made is distilled 
 from grain and malt the same as Whisky, and after being properly purified 
 by rectification it is redistilled with Juniper berries and some aromatics, or 
 the aromatics are added afterward. Like Whisky, the old distillers of Gin 
 have their trade secrets and make favorite brands which have become well 
 known. Good Gin is made in this country, but Holland has the reputation 
 of producing the best in the world. In distilling Gin, from 5 to io-pounds of 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1191 
 
 Juniper berries are used for ioo gallons, and the aromatics are proportioned 
 according to the variety desired to be made. 
 
 As Gin is a compound liquor, it cannot be classed as artificially made like 
 other liquors, the only difference in the distilled and the prepared Gins being 
 the use of Juniper berries and aromatic substances, instead of the oils or 
 essences of the same. 
 
 Instead of the distilled Gin as above described the following may be used, 
 and will give very good results : 
 
 4514. Holland Gin. — Cologne Spirit 190 proof 20 gallons, pure Water 
 20 gallons, Oil Juniper berries 2% flounces, Oil of Lemon 20 drops, Oil of 
 Coriander 1 5 drops, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 drops, Oil Cassia 5 drops, Oil Fen- 
 nel 5 drops, Syrup of Acacia 1 gallon. Dissolve the Oils in a gallon of the 
 Spirits, and having mixed the remainder of the Spirit with the Water, add 
 the solution to it, then add the Syrup Acacia and mix them well together by 
 agitation. After standing for some time draw off and filter clear through the 
 filtering mixture (see below). 
 
 4515. London Cordial Gin. — Cologne Spirit 20 gallons, Pure Water 20 
 gallons, Oil Juniper Berries 2% ounces, Oil Calamus 20 drops, Oil Angelica 
 10 drops, Oil Coriander 5 drops, Oil Cassia 5 drops, Oil Bitter Almond 5 
 drops, Syrup Gum Acacia 2 gallons. Dissolve the oils in 1 gallon of the 
 spirits, and having mixed the remainder with the water, add the solution and 
 then the Syrup of Gum Arabic, mix them well together and after standing 
 filcer clear. 
 
 4516. Schiedam Schnapps. — Make a tincture or extract by percolating 
 Gentian, Bitter Orange peel, Agaric, Galangal, Centaury, each, 4 ounces, all 
 in coarse powder, with diluted Cologne Spirit sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
 Add 1 ounce of this extract to a gallon of the Holland or London Cordial 
 Gin as above. 
 
 4517. Old Tom Gin.— Oil Coriander 1 drachm, Oil Cedar 1 drachm, Oil 
 of Fennel y 2 drachm, Oil Bitter Almonds 15 drops, Oil Angelica 30 drops, 
 Oil Juniper Berries x / z ounce, Syrup Acacia 1 gallon, Cologne Spirit, 190° 
 proof, 20 gallons, Water 20 gallons, Orange Flower Water 1 pint. Dissolve 
 the oils in 1 gallon of the spirit and mix with the remainder of the articles as 
 directed for London Cordial Gin. Other varieties may be made in the same 
 general manner. 
 
 4518. To Filter Gin and other Liquors.— When Essential Oils are used 
 in compounding liquors they turn milky and must be filtered. For this purpose 
 a mixture of Burnt Alum 4 ounces, White Pipe Clay 6 ounces, Carbonate of 
 Magnesium 4 ounces, Carbonate of Potassium y 2 ounce, is put in a woolen 
 bag or cloth, and the liquor filtered through the mixture until clear. 
 
 Ming a quart of Lime Water to a barrel of Gin the same result may 
 often be accomplished. 
 
 4519. To clarify Gin or Cordials — Spirit Fitting's for this purpose 
 are used, and may be made by first adding 2 ounces of powdered Alum dis- 
 
1192 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 
 
 solved in a quart of warm Water to a barrel, and after thoroughly stirring, 
 adding i ounce of Sal Soda dissolved in i pint of Water. 
 
 By adding a quart of skimmed milk and 2 ounces of Gelatin dissolved in a 
 quart of Water to a barrel of Gin or other liquor and allowing to settle, it is 
 usually made clear, and the blackness which is liable to occur in Gin is re- 
 moved ; 3 or 4 eggs beat to a froth, mixed with a gallon of liquor and added 
 to a barrel, will usually make it clear after standing. 
 
 4520. Liquors and Cordials.— A great variety of Cordials, sweetened 
 and flavored Liquors, bitters, ratafias, etc., are made and used, but are not 
 much in demand in this country. Almost every aromatic known is intro- 
 duced in the manufacture of these cordials, etc. A few of them have been 
 mentioned elsewhere, pages 262, 436, 439, etc., but the demand for them is 
 so small, and the space so limited, that no more can be here introduced. 
 
 VARNISHES. 
 
 For coating and finishing the surfaces of wood, metals, glass, 
 labels, pictures, etc., solutions of resins of various kinds in spirits or 
 oils are employed. Most of these varnishes are purchased of manu- 
 facturing houses who make them in large quantities, but some of 
 them are readily prepared and considerably used by druggists, 
 among which are the following. Some other varnishes have been 
 mentioned elsewhere : 
 
 4521. Label Varnish. — This may be made by dissolving pale Shellac 6 
 ounces in 12 fl.ounces of Alcohol by the aid of heat and adding to the warm 
 solution 1 pint of Linseed Oil and 2 drachms of Chloride of Zinc, agitating 
 them until the Zinc salt is dissolved. It is applied with a. brush, or by dipping 
 the label, or floating it. 
 
 A spirit varnish made with Sandarach, Shellac ana Alcohol may also be 
 used. 
 
 4522. Spirit Varnish.— Sandarach 3 ounces, pale Shellac 2 ounces, 
 Alcohol 20 fl.ounces. Dissolve and add Copal Varnish 2 ounces, mix well 
 strain through gauze, set aside for a month and decant the clear portion from 
 the sediment. This is used for labels, pictures, Water colors, lithographs, etc. 
 
 4523. Shellac Varnish.— For " killing " knots in wood for polishing and 
 many other purposes, Shellac Varnish is used. It is simply Shellac dissolved 
 in Alcohol. About 3 pounds of Shellac with sufficient Alcohol to make a 
 gallon. It is used thinner for some purposes. 
 
 4524. Transfer Varnish. — Mastic, Sandarach, each, 2 ounces, Alcohol 
 15 fl.ounces. Dissolve and add pure Canada Balsam 4 ounces. This is used 
 for transferring engravings, lithographs, decalcomania pictures, etc., and for 
 gildering, silvering, bronzing, etc. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1193 
 
 4525. Other Varnishes. — Of the other varnishes that are used, Demur 
 'Varnish is made by dissolving Gum or Resin Demar in Oil of Turpentine, 
 Copal Varnish, by dissolving Copal in Oil of Turpentine. This is also 
 known as Furniture Varnish and Carriage Varnish, many varieties being 
 made from different qualities of gum or resin, Mastic Varnish may be made 
 by dissolving Mastic either in Alcohol or Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 Crystal Varnish is made from Canada Balsam mixed with an equal 
 volume of Oil of Turpentine. It is also known as Map Varnish, and is 
 used diluted with Oil of Turpentine for making tracing paper. Wax Var- 
 nish is prepared by melting 2 ounces of Wax with 6 ounces of Oil of Tur- 
 pentine and mixing with a pint of Copal Varnish. 
 
 Sealing Wax Varnish is made from Shellac Sealing Wax dissolved in 
 Alcohol. It is used for chemical and electrical apparatus, cork tops, etc. 
 Many other varnishes are known and used. 
 
 Glass Varnish — for making a film on glass the Wax Varnish above is 
 good. A transparent varnish for glass is made of Sandarach and Mastic, 
 each 2 ounces dissolved in Alcohol 20 ounces. 
 
 UNCLASSIFIED PREPARATIONS. 
 
 4526. Purifying Bees' Wax.— Melt 10 pounds of wax with 1 pint of 
 Vinegar and a quart of Water ; when melted, strain and wrap the vessel and 
 cover it with several thicknesses of cloth so that it will cool slowly ; all sedi- 
 ment settles to the bottom and may readily be scraped off. 
 
 4527. Prepared Corks.— Corks may be prepared for resisting the action 
 of acids, etc., by immersing them in melted Paraffin, and when removed put- 
 ting them at once into cold Water ; this gives them a coating of paraffin and 
 fills all the cavities, making them imperious to acids, etc. 
 
 Burnt Cork may be prepared by placing a quantity of corks, in an iron 
 kettle, covering closely and heating them until they are reduced to charcoal ; 
 they may then be powdered. 
 
 4528. Bleaching Sponges.— To bleach Sponges first dip them in a solu- 
 tion of Permanganate of Potassium 1 ounce in 1 gallon of Water, squeeze 
 out the Water as much as possible, then pour upon them a solution prepared 
 with Hyposulphite of Sodium 1 pound, Water 7 pints, Hydrochloric Acid 1 
 pint, until they are white, then to prevent turning yellow when dry dip in a 
 solution of 2 drachms Bicarbonate of Sodium in 1 gallon of Water and drain. 
 
 4529. Tooth Cement.— For filling the cavities of teeth Collodion may be 
 used as it quickly sets, forming a plug; Portland Cement may also be 
 used. A solution of Mastic, 1 part, in Alcohol, 3 parts, hardens quickly when 
 put in the cavity of a tooth. 
 
 4530. Sulphur Lotion.— Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 20 grains, Oxide of 
 Zinc 120 grains, Lac Sulphur 60 grains, Cologne 1 ounce, Glycerin 1 QUUeej 
 
ll l J4 MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 
 
 Rose Water 5 ounces. Rub the Oxide of Zinc with the Lac Sulphur, and 
 then with the Cologne ; add the Glycerin and the Rose Water in which the 
 Carbolate of Zinc has been dissolved. 
 
 4531. Boracic Acid Ointment.— Boracic Acid 1 part, Yellow Wax 1 
 part, Benzoinated Lard or Petrolatum 6 parts. Rub the Acid to a very fine 
 powder with a few drops of Alcohol. Melt the Wax and Benzoinated Lard 
 together and incorporate the powder with the mixture while cooling. 
 
 4532. Glycerin Cream.— Glycerin Cream 6 ounces, Soft Soap (Sapo 
 Mollis 2908) 5 ounces, Rose Water, triple, 5 ounces, Tincture of Arnica y z 
 ounce, Boric Acid Yz ounce. Dissolve the Acid in the Glycerin by heat, and 
 add the mixture to the other ingredients which have been previously well 
 mixed in a mortar. 
 
 4533* Polyform Liniment. — This is said to be like Edson's preparation. 
 Chloral Hydrate 1 ounce av., Alcohol 4 fl.ounces, Chloroform 2%. flounces, 
 Camphor 2 ounces av., Ether 2 fl.ounces, Oil of Peppermint, Oil of Cloves, 
 each, 5 drops, Salicylic Acid 5 grains, Nitrate of Amyl, Sulphate of Morphine, 
 each, 3 grains. Mix them. This is used for Neuralgia, Tic Doloreaux, etc. 
 
 4534. Local Anaesthetic. — For applying to the gums before extracting 
 teeth and other similar purposes to numb the parts and prevent pain. It is 
 also excellent for neuralgia, etc. Stronger Ether 1% ounce, Menthol 60 
 grains, Fluid Extract Cannabis Indica 20 minims, Cocaine 2 grains, Oil Pep- 
 permint 1 5 minims. Saturate absorbent cotton with a small quantity of the 
 liquid and apply to the gums, allowing it to remain about 5 minutes before 
 the operation. 
 
 4535- Curry Powder. — Coriander Seed, Turmeric, Dessicated Cocoanut, 
 each, 4 ounces, Cassia Buds, Fenugreek Seed, Poppy Seed, each, 2 ounces, 
 Mustard, Ginger, Mace, each, 1 ounce, Capsicum, Allspice and Garlic, each, 
 % ounce. Grind them all together to a fine powder. This is a fair imitation 
 of the genuine Indian Curry Powder. It is used for seasoning. 
 
 4536. Celery Salt. — Celery Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce, Fine, dry 
 table Salt 7 ounces. Mix them well together. 
 
 4537. Pepper Sauce. — This is conveniently made by adding good vine- 
 gar to whole Bird Pepper, or Capsicum contained in a Pepper Sauce bottle. 
 
 4538. Worcestershire Sauce. — The composition of this sauce is a trade 
 secret, but a variety of similar sauces are found on the market. A good imita- 
 tion may be made as follows : Chop the green outer covering of unripe walnuts 
 5 pounds, bruise them to a pulp in a mortar, pour upon them 6 pints of good 
 strong vinegar, and after standing a day heat to boiling and strain with strong 
 pressure. To the liquid thus obtained add garlic, grated to a pulp, 2 ounces, 
 Capsicum, in fine powder, 2 ounces. Black Pepper 1 ounce, Cinnamon i l / 2 
 ounce, Nutmeg Yz ounce, Allspice 1 ounce, Cloves y 2 ounce, all in fine pow- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1195 
 
 der, Salt 12 ounces, Brown Sugar 8 ounces, and enough good vinegar to 
 make 1 gallon of the finished product. This is to stand for some time, with 
 frequent agitation, and then be put up in bottles. 
 
 4539. Sugar of Lemons. — Citric Acid 1 ounce, Extract of Lemon 1 
 ounce, Sugar 1 pound. Powder the Acid and mix thoroughly with the Sugar, 
 rub the Extract of Lemon first with a small quantity of the mixture and then 
 with the remainder gradually added. A tablespoonful of this makes a small 
 glass of lemonade. 
 
 4540. Butter Color. — Annatto, fresh and of good quality, 2 pounds, 
 Salad Oil of good quality without flavor (purified cotton seed oil is best), suf- 
 ficient to make 1 gallon. Rub the Annatto with a portion about one third of 
 the Oil and macerate it by the heat of a water-bath for 12 hours, stirring 
 occasionally, pour off the liquid and add to the residue another portion, about 
 one third of the Oil, and macerate as before, adding the product to the por- 
 tion before reserved, then add the remainder of the Oil to the sediment, 
 macerate as before and add the product to the reserved portions to make 1 
 gallon of Butter Color. 
 
 4541. Absorbent Cotton. — This is prepared from fine selected cotton by 
 first washing it thoroughly with a weak solution of Sal Soda, and afterwards 
 with clear water, then carefully drying. Probably most of the " Absorbent 
 Cotton " of the market is nothing but fine selected cotton put up in packages, 
 without treatment. 
 
 4542. Aseptol.— This is a sticky faint red liquid of specific gravity, 1.450, 
 its oder resembling Carbolic Acid. It is chemically, orthoxyphenyl sulpho 
 acid (C 6 H 4 OH (S0 2 H).j), and its proprieties are like Carbolic Acid, but 
 three times its strength, and like Salicylic Acid, and its solution is used ex- 
 ternally as a wash and antiseptic in place of Carbolic Acid, and internally is 
 administered instead of Salicylic Acid, the dose being 2 to 4 grains. 
 
 4543- Hypnone. This is made by distilling together a mixture of benzoin 
 and acetate of calcium. It is chemically phenylmethylacetone (C s H s O.) It 
 is used as a Hypnotic for Alcoholic insomnia, etc. The dose is 3 to 5 
 minims. 
 
 4544. Ichthyol.— This substance was discovered by Schrotter, and is 
 obtained by distilling bituminous matter found in Tyrol, which contains the 
 fossilized remains of fish and marine animals. 
 
 4545. Phenacetine— This is a new chemical derived from the coal tar 
 products, and recommended to be used in place of Antipyrine, being similar 
 to it in action, and claiming to be free from any deleterious effects. 
 
 4546. Strophanthin.— This is a new toxic remedy similar in characteris- 
 tics to digitalis, and is said to be obtained from the African arrow poison 
 plant strophanthus hispidus. 
 
 4547. Vienna Paste or Caustic— I'owdcr and mix together in a warm 
 mortar equal parts of Potassa and I'nsl.uked Lime, see 2712. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A 
 
 
 Acacia jurema, fl. ext. 46S 
 
 
 
 mucilage, . 
 
 . 630 
 
 Abfuhrender thee 
 
 75S 
 
 mucilage syrup, 
 
 • 396 
 
 Abies balsamea, 
 
 663 
 
 or cassie extract, 
 
 . II51 
 
 fluid extract. 
 
 473 
 
 powder comp., 
 
 • 717 
 
 Canadensis, . 
 
 694 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 • 792 
 
 excelsa, . . . 
 
 694 
 
 Acalypha '\ irgin. f 
 
 
 larix, . . . 
 
 919 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 • 465 
 
 nigra, . . . 
 
 730 
 
 Acanthus, fl. ext. 
 
 • 473 
 
 pectinata, . 
 
 663 
 
 Aceta 
 
 • 50 
 
 Abscess root, fl. ext 
 
 469 
 
 Acetals, . . 
 
 . 96 
 
 Abietic acid, . . 
 
 722 
 
 Acetated tinct. opium, 927 
 
 anhydride, . 66 
 
 2, 722 
 
 Acetate of aluminium, 140 
 
 Absinthe, . 
 
 439 
 
 amyl, 
 
 • 151 
 
 alcoolat, . . 
 
 453 
 
 barium, . 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 439 
 
 copper, . . . 
 
 • 265 
 
 Absinthin, . . 
 
 732 
 
 copper tincture, 
 
 . 043 
 
 Absinthium, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 ethyl, . . 
 
 7 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 iron, . . . 
 
 ■ 511 
 
 tincture compoun 
 
 1, 94S 
 
 iron and ammonium 
 
 Absolute alcohol, 
 
 S7 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 624 
 
 Absorbent cotton, 
 
 46 
 
 iron tincture, . 
 
 . 906 
 
 Abstracta, . . 
 
 etherial, . . 
 
 • 9°7 
 
 Abstract of aconite, 
 
 47. 49 
 
 Rademacher's, 
 
 • 907 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 47 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 . 696 
 
 conium, 
 
 47 
 
 lead ointment, 
 
 • 984 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 47 
 
 magnesium, . 
 
 . 602 
 
 hyoscyamus, . 
 
 43 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 ignatia . . . 
 
 48 
 
 mercury, 
 
 53i 
 
 jalap, . . . 
 
 4- 
 
 morphine, . . 
 
 . 120 
 
 nux vomica, 
 
 4 3 
 
 nickel, . . . 
 
 • 634 
 
 podophyllum, . 
 
 43 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 • 701 
 
 senega, . . . 
 
 48 
 
 potassium elixir, 
 
 . 282 
 
 valerian. 
 
 49 
 
 silver, . . . 
 
 . 170 
 
 Abstracts. 
 
 46 
 
 sodium, 
 
 • 7(7 
 
 by water-bath per 
 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 . 1015 
 
 eolation, . . 
 
 49 
 
 Acetates, . . 
 
 • 50 
 
 Abstractum aconiti, 
 
 47 
 
 Acetic acid, . 
 
 56, 57 
 
 belladon.e, . . 
 
 47 
 
 aromatic, . 
 
 • 53 
 
 conii, . . . 
 
 47 
 
 diluted, . . . 
 
 56,58 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 47 
 
 glacial, . . . 
 
 56,53 
 
 hyoscyami, 
 
 48 
 
 Acetic aldehyd, . 
 
 • 96 
 
 ignati.e, 
 
 48 
 
 ether, . . . 
 
 
 jalap.v, . . . 
 
 48 
 
 extract colchicum 
 
 . 445 
 
 nuci.s vomii 
 
 43 
 
 Acetic fl. ext. blood 
 
 
 podophylli, 
 
 43 
 
 root, . . . 
 
 . 488 
 
 sencg.e, . . 
 
 43 
 
 digitalis, . . 
 
 • 488 
 
 Valerianae, . 
 
 49 
 
 ot, . . . 
 
 
 Acacia, . . . 
 
 726 
 
 lobelia, . . . 
 
 ■ 488 
 
 catechu, . . 
 
 727 
 
 saneuinaria, 
 
 
 granulated, 
 
 726 
 
 squill, . 
 
 1 201 
 
 
 Acetic fluid extracts, 48S 
 
 Acctirieation, . . 51 
 
 Acetone, ... 772 
 
 Acetous emetic, . . 949 
 
 tincture bloodroot, 949 
 
 Acetum 51 
 
 aromaticum, . . 51 
 
 cantharidis, . . 52 
 
 colchici, ... 52 
 
 digitalis, ... 53 
 
 lobelia, ... 53 
 
 opii 53 
 
 opii compositum, 54 
 
 sanguinarioj, . . 54 
 
 scillas, .... 55 
 
 Achillae, fl. extract, 473 
 
 Acida 55 
 
 Acid abietic, . . . 722 
 
 acetic, 56, 57, 694, 734 
 
 acetic, aromatic, . 58 
 acetic, diluted, 56, 58 
 acetic, glacial, 56, 53 
 
 aconitic, . . . 101 
 
 antimonious, . . 159 
 
 arabic 726 
 
 arsenic, . . . . 177 
 
 arsenious, . . 57, 177 
 
 bismuthic, . . . 115, 
 benzoic, . . 57, 182 
 boracic, . .5: 
 boric, ... 57, 19S 
 
 bromacetic, . 201 
 bromic, 
 
 butyric, . . . 20] 
 
 calcium phosphate, 753 
 
 carbazotic, ... 57 
 carbolic, . 56, 59, 672 
 carbolic, liquified, 56,59 
 
 carbonic, . . . 213 
 
 carbonic, true, . 214 
 
 catechu-tannic, . 727 
 
 ceratic zi 1 
 
 one 236 
 
 chlorocarbonic, 
 chlorochromic, 
 chlorous, . . 
 chromic, . . 57 
 
 cinnamic, . . . 647 
 
 citric 57 
 
 copaivic, . . 
 \lic, . . 
 
1202 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Acid cyanic, . . . 267 
 
 Acid permanganic, . 
 
 615 
 
 Acidum aceticum di 
 
 
 drops, Haller's, . 73 
 
 phehic, . . 56, 59 
 
 672 
 
 lutum, . . . 
 
 58 
 
 elixirs 380 
 
 phenic nascent syr. 
 
 S44 
 
 aceticum, glaciale 
 
 53 
 
 Dippell's, . . 3S0 
 
 pheno-salicylic, . 
 
 737 
 
 arseniosum, 
 
 177 
 
 Haller's, . . 380 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 
 boricum, 
 
 198 
 
 Yogler's . . . 3S0 
 
 72, 577, 866, 
 
 1023 
 
 carbolicum, 
 
 59 
 
 fruit," .... 849 
 
 Horsford's, 
 
 1023 
 
 carbolicum liqui 
 
 
 former, .... 55 
 
 syrup, 
 
 861 
 
 dum, . . . 
 
 59 
 
 formic, .... 56 
 
 phosphoric, . 56, 64 
 
 chromicum, 
 
 239 
 
 gallic, ... 57, 873 
 
 phosphoric, di- 
 
 
 gallicum, 
 
 373 
 
 gambogic, . . . 729 
 
 luted, . . 56, 72 
 
 hydrobrom icum 
 
 
 gaulthero-salicylic, 737 
 
 phosphoric, elixir, 
 
 357 
 
 dilutum, 
 
 59 
 
 guaiacic, . . . 725 
 
 phosphoric, glacial, 
 
 
 hydrochloricum, 
 
 60 
 
 hydriodic, . . . 540 
 
 5 
 
 7. 65 
 
 hydrochloricum 
 
 
 hydriodic, diluted, 56 
 
 phosphorous, . 
 
 675 
 
 dilutum, . 
 
 60 
 
 hydrobromic, . . 201 
 
 picric, .... 
 
 57 
 
 hydrocya n i c u m 
 
 
 hydrobromic, di- 
 
 prussic, . . 61 
 
 267 
 
 dilutum, . . 6 
 
 1, 267 
 
 luted, . . 56, 59 
 
 pyrogallic, . .57 
 
 873 
 
 hypophosphoro 
 
 
 hydrochloric, 56, 60, 236 
 
 pyroboric, . . . 
 
 198 
 
 sum, dilutum, 
 
 61 
 
 hydrochloric, di- 
 
 pyrophosphoric, . 
 
 674 
 
 lacticum, . . 6 
 
 2, 542 
 
 luted, . . 56, 60 
 
 salicylic, 
 
 736 
 
 lacticum, dilutum 
 
 62 
 
 hydrocyanic, . . 2O7 
 
 salicylous, . 
 
 737 
 
 nitricum, . . 
 
 62 
 
 hydrocyanic, di- 
 
 selenic, .... 
 
 745 
 
 nitricum, dilutum 
 
 63 
 
 luted', . . 56, 61 
 
 selenous, 
 
 745 
 
 nitro- hydrochlori 
 
 
 hydrofluoric, . . 513 
 
 silicic, .... 
 
 745 
 
 cum, . 
 
 63 
 
 hypochlorous, . . 236 
 
 sodium sulphite, . 
 
 755 
 
 dilutum, . 
 
 63 
 
 hypophosphorous, 675 
 
 solution nitrate of 
 
 
 oleicum, . . 6 
 
 4, 655 
 
 hypophosphorous, 
 
 mercury, 
 
 559 
 
 phosphoricum, 
 
 64 
 
 diluted, . . 56, 61 
 
 stannic, .... 
 
 773 
 
 phosphoricum, di 
 
 
 hyposulphurous, . 781 
 
 stearic, .... 
 
 637 
 
 lutum, . . 
 
 72 
 
 iodic 541 
 
 succinic, 
 
 724 
 
 pyrogallicum, . 
 
 873 
 
 lactic, . . 56, 62, 542 
 
 sulpho-carbolic, . 
 
 782 
 
 salicylicurri, 
 
 736 
 
 lactic, diluted, 56, 62 
 
 sulpho-vinic, . 
 
 782 
 
 sulphuricum, . 
 
 73 
 
 lazaric, .... 875 
 
 sulphuric, . 56, 73 
 
 7Si 
 
 sulphuricum, aro 
 
 
 lithic 994 
 
 sulphuric, aromatic, 
 
 73 
 
 maticum, 
 
 73 
 
 manganic, . . . 615 
 
 sulphuric, diluted, 56, 74 
 
 sulphuricum, di 
 
 
 meconic, . . . 666 
 
 sulphurous, 56, 74 
 
 781 
 
 lutum, 
 
 74 
 
 metaboric, . . . 198 
 
 salicylic, . . .57 
 
 736 
 
 sulphurosum, . 
 
 74 
 
 metaphosphoric, 65, 674 
 
 tannic, . . .57 
 
 873 
 
 tannicum, . 
 
 S73 
 
 muriatic, . 56, 60, 236 
 
 tartaric, . .57 
 
 703 
 
 valerianicum, . 
 
 75 
 
 muriatic, diluted, 56, 60 
 
 tart, of potassium, 
 
 703 
 
 Acidus liquor Haller 
 
 , 73 
 
 nitric, . . 56, 62, 636 
 
 telluric, . . . 
 
 874 
 
 Aconine, . 
 
 IOI 
 
 nitric, diluted, 56, 63 
 
 tellurous, . 
 
 874 
 
 Aconite abstract, 
 
 47, 49 
 
 nitric, fuming, . 636 
 
 thiosulphuric, . 
 
 781 
 
 dialysate, . 
 
 273 
 
 nitro-hydrochloric, 
 
 tungstic, 
 
 967 
 
 elixir, 
 
 2S2 
 
 56, 63 
 
 uric 
 
 994 
 
 leaves, extract, 
 
 443 
 
 nitro-hydrochloric, 
 
 valerianic, . . 56, 75 
 
 leaves, fluid extrai 
 
 t, 46S 
 
 diluted, . . 56, 63 
 
 Acidi phosphorici 
 
 
 liniment, . . 
 
 543 
 
 nitro-muriatic, . 63 
 
 comp. liquor, . 
 
 1023 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 392 
 
 nitro-muriatic, di- 
 
 Acidification, 
 
 56 
 
 root, extract, . 
 
 443 
 
 luted, ... 63 
 
 Acids, organic, . 
 
 55 
 
 root fluid extract, 
 
 459 
 
 nitro-nitric, . . 636 
 
 inorganic, . 
 
 55 
 
 tincture, 
 
 8S2 
 
 nitrous 636 
 
 Acids of bromine, . 
 
 200 
 
 tincture etherial, 
 
 883 
 
 nitroso-nitric, . . 636 
 
 chlorine, 
 
 236 
 
 tincture, Fleming 
 
 s,88 3 
 
 oleic, 56, 64, 637, 655 
 
 iodine, .... 
 
 540 
 
 Aconitia, . . . 
 
 IOI 
 
 oleic, crude, . . 655 
 
 nitrogen, . 
 
 636 
 
 Aconitic Acid, . 
 
 IOI 
 
 orthophosphoric, 
 
 phosphorus, . . 
 
 674 
 
 Aconitin, . 
 
 732 
 
 . . . .56, 64, 674 
 
 sulpho, .... 
 
 7S2 
 
 Aconitina, 
 
 IOI 
 
 oxalic, ... 57, 734 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 7S1 
 
 Aconitine, . . 
 
 IOI 
 
 palmetic, . . . 637 
 
 Acidum aceticum, . 
 
 57 
 
 crystallized, 
 
 102 
 
 perchloric, . . . 236 
 
 aceticum aromati- 
 
 
 trituration, 
 
 104 
 
 periodic, . 541 
 
 cum 
 
 58 
 
 nitrate, . . . 
 
 104 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1203 
 
 Acontine ointment. . 
 
 971 
 
 oleate 
 
 637 
 
 sulphate of. 
 
 104 
 
 Acorus calamus, oil, 
 
 646 
 
 Acoustic oil, . . 
 
 653 
 
 Acryl, 
 
 134 
 
 Actcea alba, fl. ext. 
 
 461 
 
 rubra, fl. ext. . . 
 
 461 
 
 tincture. 
 
 S99 
 
 Active principles, ec- 
 
 
 lectic, 
 
 731 
 
 Adansonia, fl. ext., 
 
 46S 
 
 Adeps 
 
 7; 
 
 benzoinatus, . 76, 973 
 
 prceparatus, 
 
 75 ' 
 
 Adhesive plaster, . 
 
 390 
 
 preparation-. . 
 
 1163 ] 
 
 Adiantum, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 svrup 
 
 822 
 
 Adjuvans elixir, 
 
 282 
 
 Adrue, fl. ext. . . 
 
 474 | 
 
 Aepfelsaures, eisen 
 
 
 extract, . 
 
 446 
 
 .•Esculin 
 
 732 
 
 .Ksculus glabra, fl.ext. 46S j 
 
 hippocastanum, fl. 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 468 
 
 .Ether, .... 
 
 -- 
 
 .Inheres, .... 
 
 -- 
 
 -Ether aceticus, . 
 
 79 
 
 fortior, .... 
 
 79 
 
 hvdrobromicus, . 
 
 79 
 
 hydrochloricus, . 
 
 Bo 
 
 nitrosus, 
 
 80 
 
 purus 
 
 79 
 
 .Etheroies, . . . 
 
 So 
 
 .Etherum oleum, 
 
 3a 
 
 . Ethvleni bichloridum, S3 
 
 Agaric] white, fl. ext. 
 
 • 461 
 
 us, albusfl.ext 
 
 ,461 
 
 Agrimonia, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 Agnine 
 
 641 
 
 lire, . . . 
 
 1024 
 
 cures 
 
 1023 
 
 mixture, 
 
 1025 
 
 pills 
 
 1025 
 
 and neuralgia pills, 
 
 1025 
 
 remedy, . . . 
 
 1024 
 
 Ailanthu's, fl.ext., 4&S, 487 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 Air elei trilied, . 
 
 61 : 
 
 Akasga, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 Albumenate of iron, 
 
 586 
 
 solution, 
 
 586 
 
 and sodium syrup, 
 
 840 
 
 Albumen, . . . 
 
 63 
 
 Albumenates, . . 
 
 84 
 
 Albumen ^lycerite, . 
 
 519 
 
 Albumenoids, . . 
 
 84 
 
 Albumen ovi, 
 
 83 
 
 Alcohol, . . 84, 8( 
 
 , 734 
 
 ■lute, 
 
 S7 
 
 Alcohol ally I, . . 134 
 amyl, 85, S6, 95, 150 
 amylic, . . . 95, 150 
 
 85. 
 
 amylicum, . 
 
 butyl, . . 
 
 butylic, . . 
 
 cetyl, . . 
 
 deodorized, 
 
 diluted, . . 
 
 diluted, wei 
 and volume 
 
 dilutum, 
 
 ethyl, . . 
 
 ethylic, . . 
 
 ethylicum, . 
 
 glyceric, 
 
 heptvl, . . 
 
 hexy'l, . . 
 
 in pharmacy, 
 
 melissyl, 
 
 methyl, . 
 
 methylic, 
 
 methylicum, . 
 
 nonyl, . 
 
 octyl, . . . 
 
 patent, Attwood's 
 
 phenic, . . . 
 
 proof of, . . 
 
 propenyl, . 
 
 propylic, 
 
 radicals, 
 
 radicals, hydrides 
 
 radicals, oxides of 
 
 relation of weight 
 to volume 
 
 stronger, ... S7 
 
 wood, . . S5, 86, 95 
 Alcoholates, . . 94, 452 
 Alcoholes, ... §4 
 Alcoholic extract of 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 cinchona, . 
 
 conium, 
 
 gelsemium, 
 
 hyoscyamus, 
 Alcohols, . . 
 
 primary, 
 Alcoline, ... 
 Alconl, . . . 
 Alcoolat d'absinthe 
 
 d'anise, ... 
 
 de cannelle, . 
 Alcoolats, 
 
 2, 451. 453. 772 
 Alcoolature d'aconit, SS2 
 Alcoolateures, . . 94 
 Alcooli 
 Aldehyd, . 
 
 ammonias, 
 benzoic, 
 benzyl, . 
 
 95 
 
 85 
 
 20] 
 
 - 
 88 
 
 .10 
 
 92 
 90 
 
 S6 
 86 
 86 
 5i6 
 85 
 85 
 93 
 S5 
 S6, 95 
 95 
 95 
 85 
 S5 
 87 
 673 
 
 5i6 
 
 713 
 
 85 
 
 443 
 444 
 445 
 
 44'' 
 
 447 
 
 "I 
 
 S5 
 
 86 
 
 94 
 
 453 
 
 453 
 
 453 
 
 Aldehyd cinnamic, 96, C47 
 
 cumic 96 
 
 salicylic, ... 96 
 
 Aldehydes ... 96 
 
 Aldehyds, . . S5, 96 
 
 aromatic, ... 96 
 
 Alder, black, fl. ext. 476 
 
 tag, fluid extract, . 46S 
 
 Aldines 96 
 
 Ale, ginger, ... 422 
 
 ginger, extract, . 422 
 
 ginger, syrup, 422, 856 
 
 Aletrin, .... 732 
 
 Aletris, fl. ext. 473, 4S7 
 
 cordial, .... 107S 
 
 Algarobia glandulosa, 727 
 
 Algaroth powder, . 159 
 
 Alisma, fluid extract, 476 
 
 Alizarin 875 
 
 Alkali, animal, . 9S, 
 
 carbolic, Grant- 
 ville, . . . 
 
 metals, . . . 
 
 mineral, . . 
 
 vegetable, . . 
 
 volatile, 
 Alkalies, . . . 
 Alkaline earths, 
 
 copaiba mixture, 
 
 ointment, . . 
 
 tincture of aloes, 
 
 tincture of guaiac, 
 
 tincture of amber, 
 
 solution of tar. . 
 
 sulphur ointment, 
 Alkaloides, . . . 
 Alkaloids, 
 
 and their salts, . 
 
 artificial, . . 9S, 
 
 general directions 
 for preparing, . 
 
 in opium, . . . 
 
 natural, 
 
 (■Kates 
 
 termination of, 
 Alkamides, . . . 
 Alkanet, fl. ext. . . 
 
 tincture, 
 Alkanna, fl. ext. 
 Alliaria, oil, . 
 
 142 
 
 5S7 
 
 699 
 
 9S 
 
 9 S 
 
 142 
 
 97 
 
 9 S 
 
 629 
 
 993 
 
 94S 
 
 912 
 
 94S 
 
 592 
 
 9S9 
 
 98 
 
 98 
 
 101 
 
 133 
 
 99 
 
 98 
 656 
 
 98 
 143 
 461 
 947 
 461 
 652 
 
 Alligator pear, il. ext'. 475 
 
 96 
 
 6 4S 
 
 Ulium, tl. ext. 
 Allotropic forms of 
 phosphorus, 
 
 sulphur, . . . 
 Alloys "I antimony, 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 copper, .... 264 
 
 Allspice, fl. i\t., 
 
 ( larolina, fl. ext., 465 
 
 . . . 4x4 
 
 oil 649 
 
 479 
 
 674 
 
 780 
 
 toi 
 
1204 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Allspice oleoresin, . 662 
 
 Allyl 131 
 
 alcohol, . . . 134 
 hydrate, . . . 134 
 isothiocyanate, . 135 
 sulphide, . . . 134 
 sulphocyanate, . 134 
 sulphocyanide, 650 
 
 Almond, bitter, . . 645 
 bitter, oil, . . . 645 
 confection, . . 260 
 essence, . . . 410 
 ess'e for perfumes, 11 52 
 hair lotion, . . 1143 
 milk of, 260, 40S, 1148 
 mixture, . . . 621 
 oil essential, . . 645 
 oil, expressed, . 63S 
 paste, .... 260 
 powder compound, 714 
 sweet, .... 638 
 tooth cream, . . 1137 
 
 syrup 794 
 
 water, bitter, . . 163 
 Almonds, emulsion, 40S 
 Alnus, rubra, fl. ext. 46S 
 
 Aloe, 135 
 
 purirlcata, . . . 135 
 Aloes, . . . 135, 727 
 and iron powder, 720 
 and myrrh liq. ext. 494 
 and myrrh tinct, . 884 
 BarbadOes, 135, 727 
 and canella powder, 720 
 cape, . . 135, 727 
 
 elixirs 3S0 
 
 extract, aqueous, 443 
 extract, .... 443 
 liquid extract, . 493 
 powder, comp. . 720 
 purified, . . . 135 
 Socotrina, . 135, 727 
 tincture, . . . 883 
 tincture alkaline, . 94S 
 tincture, comp.,3So, 3S1 
 
 wine 99S 
 
 Aloin, ..... 136 
 
 Alstonia, fl. ext . . 461 
 
 Alterative extract, . 1027 
 
 compound, . . 1026 
 
 elixir, .... 1087 
 
 juice 1027 
 
 Scudders, . . . 950 
 
 syrup 826 
 
 Alteratives, . . . 1026 
 
 iodide, .... 10S7 
 
 Althaea flowers, fl. ext. 473 
 
 root, fl. ext. . . 473 
 
 mucilage, . . . 633 
 
 syrup 794 
 
 Alum 137 
 
 burnt 13S 
 
 Alum curd, . . 
 
 . 133 
 
 Ammonia spirit aro- 
 
 
 dried, 
 
 • 13S 
 
 matic, 
 
 762 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 • 517 
 
 spirit fetid, 
 
 763 
 
 iron, 
 
 . 510 
 
 tincture compound 
 
 948 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 water of , . . . 
 
 144 
 
 root, fl. ext. . 
 
 475 
 
 strong solution, 144, 548 
 
 sulphur soap, . 
 
 744 
 
 stronger water, . 
 
 144 
 
 whey, 
 
 . 133 
 
 Amnionic, aqua, 
 
 143 
 
 Alunien, . 
 
 137 
 
 Ammoniac, . 
 
 728 
 
 exsiccatum, 
 
 133 
 
 gum, .... 
 
 728 
 
 Alumina, . 
 
 • T 39 
 
 mixture, . . . 
 
 620 
 
 hydrated, . 
 
 139 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
 382 
 
 Aluminiate of sodiu 
 
 u, 757 
 
 plaster, with mer- 
 
 
 Aluminii hydras, 
 
 139 
 
 cury 
 
 383 
 
 sulphas, . . 
 
 139 
 
 Ammoniacal cerate, 
 
 225 
 
 Aluminium, . 
 
 136 
 
 Ammoniacum, . 
 
 728 
 
 acetate, . . 
 
 140 
 
 Ammoniated cam- 
 
 
 acetate solution, 
 
 547 
 
 phor liniment, . 
 
 544 
 
 bromide, . . 
 
 140 
 
 copper, .... 
 
 266 
 
 bronze, . 
 
 137 
 
 glycyrrhizin, . . 
 
 523 
 
 chloride, 
 
 140 
 
 mercury, 
 
 524 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 139 
 
 mercury ointment, 
 
 979 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 140 
 
 tincture cochineal, 
 
 95o 
 
 nitrate, . 
 
 140 
 
 tinct. of cinchona, 
 
 949 
 
 oleate, . . . 
 
 658 
 
 tinct. of guaiac, . 
 
 912 
 
 oxide, . 
 
 139 
 
 tinct. of gentian, 
 
 950 
 
 phosphate, 
 
 140 
 
 tinct. of opium, . 
 
 927 
 
 sulphate, . . 
 
 139 
 
 tinct. of quinine, 
 
 933 
 
 tannatej . . 
 
 140 
 
 tinct. of valerian, 
 
 942 
 
 Alunin, 
 
 732 
 
 Ammonii, benzoas, 
 
 145 
 
 Amalgam, . ig 
 
 1. 524 
 
 bromidum, . . 
 
 145 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 141 
 
 carbonas, . 
 
 145 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 191 
 
 chloridum, . 
 
 146 
 
 mercury, 
 
 524 
 
 iodidum, 
 
 147 
 
 Amandine, 
 
 1134 
 
 nitras 
 
 147 
 
 Amber, 
 
 724 
 
 phosphas, . . . 
 
 147 
 
 cement, . 
 
 1164 
 
 sulphas, . . . 
 
 148 
 
 lemon or orange, 
 
 251 
 
 valerianas, . . . 
 
 14S 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 650 
 
 Ammonio-chloride of 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 iron tincture, . 
 
 949 
 
 tincture, alkaline, 
 
 948 
 
 Ammonio-ferric 
 
 
 Ambergris oil, . 
 
 654 
 
 alum, 
 
 503 
 
 ext. for perfumes 
 
 "53 
 
 tartrate, . . . 
 
 503 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 946 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 503 
 
 Ambrette, or ambei 
 
 
 citrate, .... 
 
 502 
 
 seed, fl. ext. 
 
 462 
 
 Ammonium, . 
 
 141 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 947 
 
 acetate solution, . 
 
 543 
 
 Ambrosia, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 strong, . 
 
 548 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 850 
 
 amalgam, . 
 
 141 
 
 Amides, ... 9 
 
 S, 142 
 
 arseniate, . . . 
 
 149 
 
 Amidogen, 
 
 142 
 
 benzoate, . . . 
 
 145 
 
 Amines, ... 9 
 
 8, 142 
 
 bicarbonate, . 
 
 149 
 
 Ammonia, 
 
 141 
 
 bichromate, 
 
 149 
 
 Ammonia alum, 
 
 137 
 
 borate 
 
 149 
 
 etherate, . . . 
 
 81 
 
 bromide, . . . 
 
 145 
 
 gas 
 
 Mi 
 
 bromide syrup, . 
 
 833 
 
 liniment, 
 
 543 
 
 carbamate, 
 
 145 
 
 muriate . . . 
 
 146 
 
 carbazotate, 
 
 149 
 
 muriate syrup, 
 
 S43 
 
 carbonate, . . . 
 
 145 
 
 solution, . .14 
 
 3. 543 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 146 
 
 spirit, 
 
 761 
 
 chloride troches, 
 
 961 
 
 spirit, anisated, 5. 
 
 9.763 
 
 chloride syrup, 
 
 843 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1-20.3 
 
 Ammonium citrate, . 
 
 149 
 
 Amyline, .... 
 
 518 
 
 Anisited spirit of 
 
 
 citrate solution, . 
 
 549 
 
 Amyloxide, . 
 
 151 
 
 ammonia, . 
 
 549 
 
 strong, . 
 
 549 
 
 Amylum, .... 
 
 152 
 
 An is alcoolat, . . 
 
 453 
 
 fluoride, . . . 
 
 149 
 
 iodatum, 
 
 153 
 
 Anise, 
 
 646 
 
 formate, 
 
 M9 
 
 Anagallis arvensis, fl. 
 
 
 camphor, . 
 
 646 
 
 gallate 
 
 149 
 
 extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 2S3 
 
 hydrate, . . . 
 
 141 
 
 Anamirta paniculata, 
 
 675 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 410 
 
 hydrosulphide, 
 
 149 
 
 Anchusa, ii. extract, 
 
 461 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 40 S 
 
 hypophosphite, . 
 
 M9 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 947 
 
 oil, 
 
 646 
 
 iodide 
 
 147 
 
 Andira, fl. extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 spirit 
 
 764 
 
 molybdate, ■ . . 
 
 149 
 
 Anemone, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 star, fluid extract. 
 
 468 
 
 nitrate, .... 
 
 147 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 water 
 
 164 
 
 nitrite, .... 
 
 150 
 
 Anemopsis, fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 Aniseed cordial, . 
 
 283 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 Anesthetic, Edison's, 
 
 1189 
 
 Anisette 
 
 440 
 
 oxalate, . . . 
 
 ISO 
 
 Anethol, .... 
 
 646- 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 .440 
 
 phenylate, . 
 
 150 
 
 liquid 
 
 646 
 
 essence, 
 
 440 
 
 phosphate, 
 
 147 
 
 Anethene, 
 
 645 
 
 Anisum 
 
 646 
 
 phosphomolybdate, 
 
 149 
 
 Anethum, fl. extract, 
 
 46S 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 46 S 
 
 picrate, .... 
 
 149 
 
 Angelica, essence, . 
 
 416 
 
 oleum, .... 
 
 646 
 
 salicylate, . . . 
 
 150 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 Annatto, .... 
 
 S75 
 
 salts, .... 
 
 144 
 
 extract 
 
 416 
 
 Annattoine, . 249 
 
 875 
 
 sesquicarbonate, . 
 
 145 
 
 ext. for perfumes, 
 
 "53 
 
 Anodyne balsam, . 
 
 1034 
 
 succinate, . 
 
 150 
 
 spirit compound, 
 
 763 
 
 elixir 
 
 102S 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 148 
 
 Angelica oil, . 
 
 652 
 
 Hoffmann's, . 
 
 760 
 
 sulphide, . . . 
 
 149 
 
 Angleworm oil, . . 
 
 641 
 
 suppositories, . 
 
 7?4 
 
 sulphite, . . . 
 
 150 
 
 Angostura bitters, ext 
 
 436 
 
 Anodynes, 
 
 1027 
 
 sulphocarbolate, . 
 
 782 
 
 bitters, .... 
 
 436 
 
 Anthemis, fl. ext. . 
 
 473 
 
 sulphocyanate, 
 
 150 
 
 Angustura, fl. ext. . 
 
 46S 
 
 infusum, . . . 
 
 536 
 
 valerianate, 
 
 14S 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 823 
 
 valerianate elixir, 
 
 373 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 valerianate and 
 
 
 Anhydrides, . 
 
 667 
 
 Anthracen, . . 694 
 
 , S75 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 374 
 
 abietic, . . 662 
 
 722 
 
 Anti-asthmatic elixir, 
 
 380 
 
 valerianate and 
 
 
 nitric 
 
 635 
 
 paper 
 
 230 
 
 morphine elixir, 
 
 374 
 
 nitrous, . . . 
 
 635 
 
 Anti-epileptic mix- 
 
 
 valerianate and 
 
 
 sulphuric, . 
 
 781 
 
 ture 
 
 62S 
 
 quinine elixir, . 
 
 374 
 
 sulphurous, 
 
 73i 
 
 Antifebrin, . 132 
 
 160 
 
 valerianate and 
 
 
 not true acids, 
 
 55 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 283 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 375 
 
 Anil 
 
 154 
 
 Antimonial plaster, 
 
 392 
 
 vanadinate, 
 
 150 
 
 Anilina 
 
 154 
 
 soap 
 
 743 
 
 Ampelopsin, . 
 
 732 
 
 Aniline, 133, 154,673, 694 
 
 powder, 
 
 7M 
 
 Ampelopsis, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 black 
 
 155 
 
 wine 
 
 999 
 
 Amygdala amara, . 
 
 645 
 
 blue 
 
 155 
 
 Antimoniate of po- 
 
 
 dulcis 
 
 638 
 
 brown 
 
 155 
 
 tassium, 
 
 710 
 
 Amygdalin, . 
 
 645 
 
 dyes, .... 
 
 154 
 
 Antimonic anhydride 
 
 159 
 
 talis persica, 
 
 
 eosine 
 
 155 
 
 Antimonii et potassii 
 
 
 11. extract, 473 
 
 487 
 
 gray 
 
 155 
 
 tartras, . 
 
 t 5 6 
 
 Amyl 85 
 
 150 
 
 green 
 
 155 
 
 oxidum, 
 
 157 
 
 acetate, .... 
 
 151 
 
 oil 150, 1; 
 
 sulphidium, . . 
 
 '?- 
 
 alcohol, . 85, 95 
 
 |: " 
 
 orange 
 
 i?5 
 
 sulphidium puri- 
 
 
 butyrate, . .151 
 
 201 
 
 purple 
 
 155 
 
 factum, . . . 
 
 
 chloride, 
 
 151 
 
 i-l 
 
 i?l 
 
 Antimoni m> acid, 
 
 159 
 
 formate, . . . 
 
 151 
 
 violet 
 
 155 
 
 ide 
 
 157 
 
 hydrate, . . 95 
 
 [50 
 
 violet, I [oilman's, 
 
 155 
 
 Antimonium, 
 
 i55 
 
 hydrated oxide, . 
 
 151 
 
 yellow, .... 
 
 155 
 
 suiphuratum, . 
 
 [59 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 151 
 
 Animal alkali, r 
 
 , 142 
 
 Antimony, . . . 
 
 
 nitrate 
 
 15' 
 
 charcoal, . 
 
 •ji 1 
 
 alloys 
 
 
 nitris 
 
 '5' 
 
 charcoal, purified, 
 
 21 1 
 
 ami potassium tart 
 
 [5 e 
 
 nitrite 
 
 [« 1 
 
 drugs 
 
 23 
 
 Mark 
 
 158 
 
 nitrite pearls, . . 
 
 152 
 
 oil, I tippet's, . . 
 
 641 
 
 bromide, 
 
 
 valerianate, 
 
 151 
 
 oils 
 
 643 
 
 butter, . . i' 
 
 Ann lie alcohol, . 95 
 
 150 
 
 Anime 
 
 ;-i 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 549 
 
 Amylene 
 
 151 
 
 gu'» 
 
 724 
 
 crocus of, . . . 
 
 t6o 
 
1206 
 
 Antimony, ethiops of 
 
 [60 
 
 Appletreebark, fl. ext 
 
 476 
 
 Argenti, cyanidum, 
 
 172 
 
 fluoride, . . . 
 
 159 
 
 Apricot syrup, . . 
 
 850 
 
 iodidum, . . 
 
 173 
 
 glass of, ... 
 
 160 
 
 Aquse 
 
 161 
 
 nitras, . 
 
 173 
 
 golden sulphide. . 
 
 160 
 
 Aqua ammonia;, 
 
 143 
 
 nitras dilutus, 
 
 174 
 
 gray 
 
 155 
 
 ammonia; fortior, 
 
 144 
 
 nitras fusus, . 
 
 174 
 
 iodide 
 
 159 
 
 amygdalae amarse, 
 
 163 
 
 nitras mitigatus, 
 
 174 
 
 liver of, ... 
 
 160 
 
 anethi, .... 
 
 164 
 
 oxidum, . . 
 
 175 
 
 oxide, .... 
 
 157 
 
 anisi, .... 
 
 164 
 
 Argentum, . . 
 
 172 
 
 oxides, .... 
 
 159 
 
 aurantii riorum, . 
 
 164 
 
 foliatum, 
 
 172 
 
 oxyehloride .157 
 
 159 
 
 camphora?, 
 
 165 
 
 purificatum, . 
 
 172 
 
 oxysulphide. . 
 
 160 
 
 carbolisata, 
 
 165 
 
 Argols 
 
 703 
 
 pen-tasulphide, 
 
 160 
 
 carui, .... 
 
 166 
 
 Arnica flowers, fl. ex 
 
 .,468 
 
 perchloride, 
 
 549 
 
 chlori, .... 
 
 235 
 
 flowers, extract, 
 
 443 
 
 purified sulphide, 
 
 15S 
 
 chloroformi, . . 
 
 166 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 885 
 
 sulphantimoniate, 
 
 160 
 
 cinnamomi, 
 
 166 
 
 glycerite, . . 
 
 519 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 160 
 
 creasoti, . . . 
 
 167 
 
 jelly, . . . 
 
 1147 
 
 sulphide, . . . 
 
 158 
 
 destillata, . 
 
 167 
 
 liniment, 
 
 1092 
 
 sulphurated, . 
 
 159 
 
 foeniculi, 
 
 167 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 sulphuret, . 
 
 15 s 
 
 fortis 
 
 636 
 
 plaster, . . . 
 
 333 
 
 tartrated, . 
 
 156 
 
 gaultheriae, 
 
 168 
 
 root, fluid extract 
 
 471 
 
 terchloride, 
 
 160 
 
 lauro-cerasi, . 
 
 16S 
 
 root extract, . 
 
 443 
 
 trioxide, 
 
 157 
 
 lucise, .... 
 
 94S 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 886 
 
 vitrified, . . . 
 
 160 
 
 menthae piperita;, 
 
 169 
 
 tooth wash, 
 
 "37 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 99S 
 
 menthae viridis, . 
 
 169 
 
 Arnotta, . 
 
 875 
 
 Anti-moth paper, . 
 
 1170 
 
 picis, .... 
 
 169 
 
 Aromatic fl. ext., 
 
 459 
 
 Antiperiodic oint, . 
 
 993 
 
 pimentae, . 
 
 170 
 
 bitters, . 
 
 437 
 
 Antipyrin, . 132 
 
 160 
 
 phagedaenica, . 
 
 596 
 
 bitters extract, 
 
 436 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 284 
 
 regia, .... 
 
 636 
 
 cachous, 
 
 435 
 
 Anti-rheumatic paper, 
 
 230 
 
 rosa; 
 
 170 
 
 confections, . 
 
 266 
 
 Antiscrobutic syrup, 
 
 826 
 
 sambuci, 
 
 171 
 
 cordial, . . . 
 
 262 
 
 tincture, 
 
 949 
 
 Aquarium cement, . 
 
 1 164 
 
 ext. Jamaica gin 
 
 
 wine,' .... 
 
 1014 
 
 Aqueous ext. aloes, 
 
 443 
 
 ger, . . • 
 
 1074 
 
 Antiscrofulous elixir, 
 
 950 
 
 extract cinchona, . 
 
 444 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 993 
 
 Antiseptic supposito- 
 
 
 fl. ext. bael fruit, 
 
 489 
 
 powder, 
 
 714 
 
 ries 
 
 786 
 
 fl. ext. broom tops, 
 
 489 
 
 chalk andopiun 
 
 1, 715 
 
 Antispasmodic tinct. 
 
 950 
 
 fl. ext. cascara sa- 
 
 
 series, . 
 
 190 
 
 Ants tincture, 
 
 949 
 
 grada, 
 
 490 
 
 species or herbs, 
 
 75S 
 
 Aperient, seltzer, 
 
 
 fl. ext. goldenseal, 
 
 490 
 
 spirit of ammonia 
 
 762 
 
 . . . . 603, 
 
 "15 
 
 fl. ext. hydrastis, 
 
 490 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 886 
 
 effervescing pow- 
 
 
 fl. ext. ipecac, 
 
 490 
 
 vinegar, . 51 
 
 1161 
 
 ders, .... 
 
 715 
 
 fl. ext. liquorice, 
 
 491 
 
 vinegar of opium 
 
 54 
 
 magnesian water, 
 
 869 
 
 fl. ext. opium, 
 
 49 1 
 
 wine, . . 999 
 
 1006 
 
 magnesian, 
 
 603 
 
 fl. ext. senega, 
 
 491 
 
 Arrowroot, 
 
 153 
 
 Apis mellifica, . 
 
 61S 
 
 fl. extract, senna, 
 
 492 
 
 Arrow wood, fl. ext. 
 
 476 
 
 Apium, fl. extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 fluid extracts, . . 
 
 489 
 
 Arseniate of ammo 
 
 
 Apocynin, 
 
 732 
 
 tinct. of rhubarb, 
 
 934 
 
 nium, 
 
 149 
 
 Apocynum, fl. ext. 
 
 46S 
 
 Arabic acid, . 
 
 726 
 
 barium, 
 
 1S7 
 
 Apocodeine, . . . 
 
 666 
 
 gum, .... 
 
 726 
 
 copper, . 
 
 266 
 
 Apollinaris water so- 
 
 
 Arabin, .... 
 
 726 
 
 iron, . . 17 
 
 S, 499 
 
 lution 
 
 868 
 
 Aralia comp. fl. ext., 
 
 485 
 
 iron ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 Apomorphia, 104 
 
 666 
 
 hispida, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 698 
 
 Apomorphina, 104 
 
 666 
 
 nudicaulis, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 sodium, . 17 
 
 3, 747 
 
 Apomorphine, IC4 
 
 666 
 
 racemosa, fl. ext.. 
 
 473 
 
 sodium ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 Apomorphince h y - 
 
 
 spinosa, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 drochloras, . 
 
 105 
 
 spinosa tincture, . 
 
 947 
 
 mercury, 
 
 531 
 
 Apples, ferrated ex- 
 
 
 Arbor vitse, fl. ext. . 
 
 462 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 711 
 
 tract, . . . 
 
 446 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 Arseniates, 
 
 177 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 90? 
 
 Arbutin, .... 
 
 732 
 
 Arsenite of potas 
 
 
 essence or ext. 
 
 428 
 
 Arbutus, trailing, fl. 
 
 
 sium solution, 
 
 55o 
 
 oil, 
 
 151 
 
 extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 Arsenites, 
 
 177 
 
 Apple, bitter, fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 Archil, .... 
 
 876 
 
 Arsenic, 
 
 177 
 
 syrup 
 
 S50 
 
 Areca catechu, fl. ext 
 
 473 
 
 acid, . . . 
 
 177 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1207 
 
 Arsenic and iodide of 
 
 
 Aseptol 
 
 ii*r 
 
 Australian cholera 
 
 
 mercury elixir, . 
 
 2S5 
 
 tooth-ache remedy, 
 
 1121 
 
 specific, 
 
 1054 
 
 and mercury io- 
 
 
 Ash, black, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 Ava kava, fluid ext. 
 
 462 
 
 dide, solution, . 
 
 550 
 
 prickly, fl. ext., . 
 
 460 
 
 A vena sativa, fl. ext. 
 
 46r 
 
 and stry chnine 
 
 
 prickly, southern, 
 
 
 concentrated tinct. 
 
 1129 
 
 elixir. 
 
 285 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 Avens, European, fl. 
 
 
 bisulphide, 
 
 179 
 
 wafer, fl. ext., 469, 4S7 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 bromide, . . . 
 
 179 
 
 white, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 water, fluid ext. . 
 
 474 
 
 chloride, . 
 
 179 
 
 Asiatic tincture for 
 
 
 Azedarach, fluid ext. 
 
 461 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 547 
 
 cholera, . . . 
 
 1054 
 
 Azote, ..... 
 
 635 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 •285 
 
 Asimina triloba, fluid 
 
 
 
 
 iodide 
 
 178 
 
 extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 
 
 oxide, .... 
 
 177 
 
 Asphalt, .... 
 
 694 
 
 B 
 
 
 trisulphide, 
 
 179 
 
 Asphaltum, . . . 
 
 724 
 
 
 
 white, .... 
 
 177 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 724 
 
 Babbitt-metal, . . 
 
 156 
 
 Arsenical cerate, 
 
 225 
 
 Asparagin, 
 
 732 
 
 Baby soother, . . 
 
 1113 
 
 ointment, cancer, 
 
 992 
 
 Asparagus, fl. ext. . 
 
 473 
 
 Baccharis pilularis, fl. 
 
 
 ointment, mild, . 
 
 992 
 
 Aspidium, fl. ext. . 
 
 461 
 
 extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 ointment, hospital, 
 
 992 
 
 oleo-resin, . . . 
 
 661 
 
 Bael fruit, fl. ext. . 
 
 4S9 
 
 soap 
 
 743 
 
 Aspidosperma, fl. ext 
 
 405 
 
 Baking soda, . 
 
 743 
 
 Arsenicum, . 
 
 177 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 powder, . . . 
 
 1167 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 178 
 
 Asthma cure, . . 
 
 1030 
 
 Balm, eucalyptus, . 
 
 1032 
 
 Arsenii iodidum, 
 
 178 
 
 cures 
 
 1030 
 
 Gilead 
 
 1S2 
 
 Arsenious acid, . 57 
 
 177 
 
 inhalant, . . . 
 
 1030 
 
 Gilead buds, tinct. 
 
 946 
 
 acid solution, . 
 
 547 
 
 mixture, . . . 
 
 628 
 
 Gilead, factitious, 
 
 133 
 
 anhydride, . .57 
 
 177 
 
 pastiles, 
 
 1031 
 
 Gilead, fl. ext., 462 
 
 ,437 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 65S 
 
 relief, .... 
 
 1030 
 
 lemon, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 oxide, .... 
 
 177 
 
 remedies, . . . 
 
 1029 
 
 magic, .... 
 
 1032 
 
 Artificial fruit essen- 
 
 
 remedy, . . . 
 
 1029 
 
 magnetic, . 
 
 1032 
 
 ces 
 
 427 
 
 Asthmatic cigarettes, 
 
 1031 
 
 mint oil, . . . 
 
 
 flavors 
 
 427 
 
 Astragalus, . 
 
 727 
 
 pain cure, . 
 
 1032 
 
 gum 
 
 271 
 
 Astre puniceus, fl. ext 
 
 • 478 
 
 ready, .... 
 
 1033 
 
 Artimisia abrota- 
 
 
 Astringent ointment, 
 
 993 
 
 of a thousand flow- 
 
 
 num, fl. ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 suppositories, . . 
 
 735 
 
 ers, .... 
 
 1 1 36 
 
 frigida, fl. ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 tinct., Copeland's, 
 
 949 
 
 spirit 
 
 769 
 
 syrup compound, 
 
 826 
 
 Atomizers, steam, . 
 
 000 
 
 universal, . 
 
 186 
 
 vulgaris, fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 Atropia, .... 
 
 105 
 
 wizard 
 
 C033 
 
 Arum triphyllum, fl. 
 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 106 
 
 Balms or panaceas, . 
 
 [ 03 1 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 487 
 
 Atropin, .... 
 
 732 
 
 Balmony, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 Asafetida, . . . 
 
 728 
 
 Atrophia 
 
 105 
 
 Balsam anodyne, 
 
 1034 
 
 and magnesia mix- 
 
 
 Atropin. e sulphas, . 
 
 106 
 
 calaba 
 
 l8i 
 
 ture, .... 
 
 625 
 
 Atropine, .... 
 
 105 
 
 "la, 
 
 663 
 
 elixir 
 
 285 
 
 discs 
 
 542 
 
 l.i, factition, 
 
 183 
 
 emulsion, . 
 
 408 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 286 
 
 canker, .... 
 
 1034 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 494 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 972 
 
 Carpathina, 
 
 1 sj 
 
 liquid extract, 
 
 494 
 
 oleate 
 
 657 
 
 caustic, Go m- 
 
 
 mixture, 
 
 621 
 
 sulphate solution, 
 
 551 
 
 baulfs, . . . 
 
 l-U 
 
 oil 
 
 052 
 
 Attwood's patent Al- 
 
 
 China, varnish, . 
 
 
 plaster 
 
 
 cohol 
 
 37 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 ■ 
 
 syrup 
 
 824 
 
 Aubergier's syrup of 
 
 
 copaiba factitious, 
 
 is; 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 S87 
 
 lactucarium, 
 
 806 
 
 1I1. 1 reduced, . 
 
 [83 
 
 tincture etherial, . 
 
 952 
 
 Aural suppositories, 
 
 7-o 
 
 copaiba tincture, . 
 
 946 
 
 Asarum, fl. extract, 
 
 46] 
 
 Aurantii, amari, fl. ext. 4'''' 
 
 cough 
 
 io6a 
 
 1 ompound syrup, 
 
 826 
 
 dull is, fluid ext. . 
 
 47.; 
 
 flora vanti, . 
 
 
 tin 
 
 732 
 
 elixir 
 
 
 fir, ... 182 
 
 . 663 
 
 
 662 
 
 Aurantium infusion, 
 
 
 fir hark. fl. ext., . 
 
 
 uuti, fl. 
 
 
 infusion comp. 
 
 
 fir emulsion, 
 
 l"7 
 
 . 
 
 46] 
 
 ■ sodii cblori- 
 
 
 fir oil, . 
 
 
 curassavica, fl. ext. 
 
 
 ilnin 
 
 179 
 
 tir tincture, . . 
 
 346 
 
 incamata, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 Aurum 
 
 C7 1 
 
 . 
 
 890 
 
 tuberosa, fluid ex- 
 
 
 Australian bitter 
 
 
 Goulard's, 
 
 185 
 
 tract, . . 461 
 
 ,487 
 
 hark, fluid <-\t. 
 
 J6l 
 
 1- 
 
 
120S 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Balsam guaiacum, . 
 
 1S5 
 
 Barbers' shampoo, ' . 11 44 
 
 Beberia sulphate, 
 
 107 
 
 guriun, . . 1S2 
 
 , 663 
 
 Barium, 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 Beberina, . 
 
 107 
 
 honey, .... 
 
 1S4 
 
 acetate, . 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 Beberinse sulphas, 
 
 107 
 
 Hungarian, 1S2 
 
 , 663 
 
 arseniate, . 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 Beberine, . 
 
 107 
 
 Japan varnish, 
 
 182 
 
 benzoate. 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 Beberine sulphate, 
 
 107 
 
 life, Hoffman's, . 
 
 62S 
 
 bromide. 
 
 . 187 
 
 Beech American fl. e 
 
 x- 474 
 
 Locatelle's, 
 
 1035 
 
 carbonate, ■ . 
 
 . 1S7 
 
 Bed bug poisons, 
 
 1 1 70 
 
 lung 
 
 1067 
 
 chloride 
 
 . iSS 
 
 Beef coca and iroi 
 
 l 
 
 Mecca 
 
 1S2 
 
 chromate, . 
 
 . iSS 
 
 tonic, 
 
 111S 
 
 Mecca factitious. . 
 
 1S3 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 . 188 
 
 and coca tunic, 
 
 1 1 1 s 
 
 Metz 
 
 1S5 
 
 iodide, . . 
 
 . iSS 
 
 elixir, 
 
 2S6 
 
 nervine, 
 
 994 
 
 nitrate, . . 
 
 . I8S 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 416 
 
 ointments. . 
 
 992 
 
 oxalate, . 
 
 . IS8 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 416 
 
 Peckham's, 
 
 1036 
 
 oxides, . 
 
 . iSS 
 
 and iron elixir, 
 
 2S6 
 
 pectoral, 
 
 1S5 
 
 peroxide, 
 
 . IS8 
 
 iron and cinchom 
 
 I 
 
 Peru 
 
 181 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 . iSS 
 
 elixir. 
 
 2S7 
 
 Peru emulsion, 
 
 40S 
 
 sulphide, . 
 
 . iSS 
 
 iron and cinchom 
 
 I 
 
 Peru factitious, 
 
 1S4 
 
 sulphite, 
 
 . iSS 
 
 wine, 
 
 1008 
 
 Peru ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 Bark extract, . 
 
 • 444 
 
 juice, 
 
 416 
 
 Peru reduced, . 
 
 1S4 
 
 Barks, . . . 
 
 20 
 
 peptone, . . 
 
 670 
 
 Peru syrup, 
 
 824 
 
 Barley malt, fl. 
 
 ext. 475 
 
 tea extract, hot, 
 
 867 
 
 Peru tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 sugar, . . 
 
 • 735 
 
 wine, 
 
 1007 
 
 Rackasira, . 
 
 182 
 
 Barometer paper, 
 
 . 240 
 
 wine and iron, 
 
 1007 
 
 Riga, .... 
 
 1S2 
 
 Barosmin, . 
 
 73 2 
 
 Beer, birch, . 
 
 425 
 
 saturnine, . 
 
 185 
 
 Basham's mixture 
 
 , • 624 
 
 birch extract, 
 
 425 
 
 sulphur, . . . 
 
 186 
 
 Basic mercuric sul- 
 
 Ottawa, . . 
 
 425 
 
 Thibault's, . . 
 
 J 035 
 
 phate, 
 
 • 530 
 
 Ottawa, extract, 
 
 425 
 
 tolu, 
 
 1S1 
 
 Basilicon oint. , 
 
 221,987 
 
 Peruvian, . 
 
 425 
 
 tolu factitious, 
 
 184 
 
 black, . . 
 
 • 992 
 
 Peruvian extract, 
 
 425 
 
 Turlington's, . 
 
 1035 
 
 Bassorin, . 
 
 • 727 
 
 root, . . . 
 
 427 
 
 turpentine, . 182 
 
 , 1S6 
 
 Bateman's pect 
 
 oral 
 
 spruce, . . . 
 
 427 
 
 universal, . 
 
 1S6 
 
 drops, 
 
 . 1 106 
 
 spruce, extract, 
 
 427 
 
 vegetable, healing, 
 
 1035 
 
 lotion, . . 
 
 • 597 
 
 Beeswax, . 
 
 214 
 
 viride, .... 
 
 1S5 
 
 Battery solutions 
 
 or 
 
 Beet-root sugar, 
 
 734 
 
 Balsamic comp'ds, . 
 
 1S4 
 
 fluids, . . 
 
 • 5S6 
 
 Behn oil, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 mixt. Hoffman's, . 
 
 628 
 
 Batteries gravity, 
 
 • 586 
 
 Belladonna abstract 
 
 47 
 
 tooth wash, 
 
 "37 
 
 high resistance 
 
 , • 5S6 
 
 dialysate, . 
 
 
 Balsams, . 20, 180, 
 
 1033 
 
 Leclanche, . 
 
 . 5S6 
 
 elixir, 
 
 287 
 
 factitious, . 
 
 183 
 
 medicinal, . 
 
 • 5S6 
 
 extract, alcoholic 
 
 443 
 
 natural, true, . 
 
 1S1 
 
 Battley's sedative 
 
 so- 
 
 juice, 
 
 775 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 1033 
 
 lution, 
 
 . 5S9 
 
 leaves, fl. extract 
 
 468 
 
 Balsamodendron 
 
 
 Baumes, . . 
 
 . 1S0 
 
 liniment, . . 
 
 543 
 
 mukul, .... 
 
 663 
 
 Bayberry bark syi 
 
 up, 589 
 
 oil" .... 
 
 640 
 
 myrrh a, 
 
 729 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 . 462 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 072 
 
 Bambor, brier fl. ext. 
 
 476 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 . 662 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 384 
 
 Banana ess. or ext., 
 
 429 
 
 tallow, . . 
 
 • 215 
 
 root, fluid extract, 
 
 459 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 851 
 
 Bay essence, . 
 
 . 410 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 824 
 
 Bandoline, 
 
 1131 
 
 hair grower, 
 
 • 1 143 
 
 tincture, 
 
 '8S9 
 
 rose, .... 
 
 1131 
 
 hair lotion. 
 
 • "43 
 
 Belhvort fl. extract 
 
 469 
 
 quince, .... 
 
 1131 
 
 laurel fluid extr 
 
 act, 469 
 
 Belt polish, 
 
 "79 
 
 powder, .... 
 
 1131 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 • 649 
 
 Benjamin,' 
 
 1S2 
 
 Baneberry, red, fl. ext 
 
 ,461 
 
 rum, . . 
 
 770, I 144 
 
 Benne fluid extract 
 
 469 
 
 Baobab, fluid ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 wax, 
 
 215 
 
 oil 
 
 639 
 
 Baptisia, fl. ext., 461 
 
 . 4S7 
 
 Bdellium, 
 
 663, 729 
 
 Benzene series, . 
 
 190 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 Beach-nut oil, 
 
 . 662 
 
 Benzin, 
 
 1S9 
 
 Baptisin, .... 
 
 732 
 
 Beach's ointment 
 
 • 994 
 
 jelly, . . . 
 
 1169 
 
 Barata, caustic, . . 
 
 188 
 
 Bearberry fl. extr 
 
 act, 472 
 
 petroleum, . 
 
 189 
 
 water, .... 
 
 18S 
 
 infusion, 
 
 • 538 
 
 Benzine, . 
 
 671 
 
 Barates, . . . 1S7 
 
 , 188 
 
 Bear's foot fl. ext. 
 
 ,465,4S7 
 
 fragrant, 
 
 1 168 
 
 Barbadoes tar, 
 
 655 
 
 grease, . 
 
 . 641 
 
 Benzinum, 
 
 189 
 
 Barberry, fl. extract, 
 
 468 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 . 641 
 
 Benzoate ammonium 
 
 145 
 
 Barbers' pomade, 
 
 1 144 
 
 Bebeeru fl. extrac 
 
 t, • 465 
 
 barium, . 
 
 187 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1209 
 
 Benzoate iron, . . 5 11 
 
 lithium, . . . 593 
 
 manganese, . . 615 
 
 sodium 747 
 
 Benzoated tincture 
 
 opium 
 
 Benzoates, . . . 182 
 
 Benzoic ether, . . 78 
 acid, . . . 57. 
 
 acid lozenges, . . 960 
 
 acid troches, . . 960 
 
 aldehyd, ... 96 
 
 Benzoin 182 
 
 Benzoinated lard, 76, 973 
 
 ointment, ... 76 
 
 petrolatum, . . 973 
 Benzoin comp. fluid 
 
 extract, .... 494 
 
 fluid extract, . . 494 
 
 comp. liquid ext. , 494 
 
 liquid extract, . 494 
 
 oil 654 
 
 ointment, . . . 973 
 
 tincture, . . . 889 
 
 tincture comp., . 890 
 
 svrup 824 
 
 Benzol, . . 1S9, 694 
 Benzolum, . . 
 
 Benzoyl 182 
 
 sulphonic-imide, . 736 
 
 Benzyl-aldehyd, . . 645 
 
 benzoate, . . ■ I Si 
 
 cinnamate, . . 1-1 
 Berberia, ... 
 
 Berberina, . . . 10S 
 Berberina; hydrochlo- 
 
 ras, . . . • 109 
 Berberince sulphas. 
 Berberine, . 1 
 
 and iron elixir, . 288 
 bismuth and iron 
 
 elixir, . . . 2S7 
 
 hydrochlorate, . 109 
 
 sulphate, ... 109 
 Berberis aquifolium 
 
 fluid extract, 468, 4-7 
 
 vulgaris, fl. ext., . 465 
 
 mot essence, . 4 I,J 
 
 esse, for perfumes, 1152 
 
 oil 
 
 wild, fluid ext., . 469 
 
 . . . 20 
 
 Betel nut fl ext., 473 
 
 Beth root, fl. ext., . 462 
 
 Betin 
 
 dca, fl. ext., 
 
 Betony, fl. ext., . . 468 
 
 Betula lenta, fl. ext.. 473 
 
 Bibiria 107 
 
 Biborate sodium, 1 
 Bicarbonate am'nium, 149 
 
 issiom, . . . 7" 1 
 
 Bicarbonate sodium, 745 
 
 sodium troches, . 966 
 
 Bichloride ethylene. Bo, B3 
 
 mercury, . . . 526 
 
 Bichromate am'nium, 149 
 
 lead, 698 
 
 potassium, . . . 702 
 Bidens bipinnati fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 473 
 
 Bimeconate morphine, 122 
 
 Bin-iodide mercury. . 527 
 
 Bin-oxal'e potassium, 712 
 
 Bin-oxidide nitrogen, 635 
 
 Birch beer, . . . 425 
 
 beer extract, . . 425 
 
 beer syrup, . 425. -51 
 
 fluid extract, . 473 
 
 oil 652 
 
 tar, 694 
 
 tar oil, .... 652 
 
 Birth root, fluid ext., 462 
 
 Bismuth, .... 191 
 
 alloys, .... 191 
 
 amalgam, . . . 191 
 
 ammonium citrate, 194 
 ammonium citrate 
 
 solution, . . . 570 
 
 basic chloride, . 196 
 
 bromide, . . . 196 
 
 carbonate, . . . 192 
 
 chromate, . . . 197 
 
 citrate, .... 193 
 
 elixir 2SS 
 
 glycerite, . . . 519 
 hair dye, . . .1141 
 
 hydrated oxide, . 195 
 
 and iron elixir, . 289 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 elixir, . . . 289 
 
 lactate, . . . . 197 
 
 liquor 
 
 lozenges, . . . 961 
 
 nitrate 197 
 
 oleate, . . . 65S 
 
 oxalate, . . 197 
 
 oxide, .... 194 
 
 oxycarbonate, . . 192 
 
 oxychloride, . . 197 
 
 oxynitrate, . . . 196 
 
 purified, . . . 192 
 
 salicylate, ... I r 
 
 solution, 5 : ' 
 
 sub-carbonate, I . : 
 
 sub-chloride, . 196 
 
 sub-nitrate, . . [96 
 tannate, . . 
 
 tartrate, . . , 1 C 
 
 terchloride, . . i<)~ 
 
 tris-nitrate, . . i<;7 
 
 valerianate, . . I<)7 
 
 Bismuthi carbonas, . [92 
 
 citraa 193 
 
 Bismuthi et ammonu 
 
 citras, . . . . 194 
 
 oxidum, . . . 194 
 
 sub-carbonas, . . 195 
 
 sub-nitras, . . . 196. 
 
 Bismuthic acid, . . 195 
 
 anhydride, . . . 195 
 
 oxide, .... 195 
 
 Bismuthum, . . . 191 
 
 puriricatum, . . 192 
 
 Bistort fluid extract, 473 
 
 Bistorta, fl. ext., . 473 
 
 Bisulphate of arsenic, 179 
 
 potassium, . . . 711 
 
 quinine, . . . 126 
 
 Bisulphide carbon, . 212 
 
 potassium, . . . 711 
 
 Bisulphite sodium, . 
 
 Bitartrafepotass'm, 703 
 
 Bitter almond essence, 410 
 
 almond oil, . . 645 
 almond oil, artifi- 
 cial, . . .190, 645 
 
 almond water, 163 
 
 apple, fl. ext., . 474 
 
 bugle, fl. ext., 47 r 
 
 elixir 3S0 
 
 orange peel tinct- 
 ure, . . . 8S7 
 polygala, fl. ext., . 476 
 root, fluid ext. , . 46S 
 tincture, . . . 8S5 
 wine of iron, . 
 
 1002, 100S, 1014 
 
 Bitters, aromatic, . 437 
 
 angostura, . . . 436 
 
 blood, .... 1040 
 
 burdock blood, . 1040 
 
 cinchona, . . . 438 
 
 extracts, . . . 436 
 extract aromatic, 
 
 extract, angostura, 436 
 
 extract, Boker's, . 437 
 
 extract orange, . 43; 
 
 extract, Peruvian, 438 
 
 extract, stomach. 438 
 extract, Stoughton, 430 
 
 ext. wild cherry, . 439 
 ( lerman liver, . .104] 
 
 hop 1037 
 
 iron 1038 
 
 iron tonic, . . . 1039 
 
 iron wine, . 1040 
 
 jaundice, . . . i"42 
 
 laxative, . . . 1042 
 
 malt 'I' 
 
 mandrake, . . 1042 
 
 orange 437 
 
 Peruvian, . . 438 
 
 plantation, . . 1038 
 
 poor man's. [04a 
 
 proprietary, . . 1036 
 
1210 
 
 IXDI'.X. 
 
 Bitters in powder, . 
 
 1043 
 
 Blood dragon's, . 
 
 725 
 
 Boro-glyceride, . 
 
 • J 99 
 
 restorative wine, . 
 
 1014 
 
 flower, fl. extract 
 
 46S 
 
 Boron 
 
 • *97 
 
 rheumatic, . 
 
 nog 
 
 and liver syrup, 
 
 1026 
 
 Borotartrate of potas 
 
 
 stomach, . 43S, 
 
 103/ 
 
 orange syrup, . 
 
 860 
 
 sium, . 
 
 • 7ii 
 
 vinegar, 
 
 1043 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 1044 
 
 Boswellia, . 
 
 • 730 
 
 wahoo, .... 
 
 103S 
 
 purifiers, 
 
 1044 
 
 Bottle wax, . . 
 
 . 217 
 
 wild cherry, . . 
 
 439 
 
 purifying tea, . 
 
 1045 
 
 Boundon, fl. ext., 
 
 . 401 
 
 Bittersweet, fl. ex. 47] 
 
 ,474 
 
 root, fl. extract, 
 
 460 
 
 Bouquet essence, 
 
 • 1 1 55 
 
 false, fluid extract, 
 
 473 
 
 root, fl. ext. acetic 
 
 4 S3 
 
 Box, fluid extract, 
 
 . 468 
 
 syrup 
 
 823 
 
 root syrup, . 
 
 S23 
 
 Brandy, 
 
 • 771 
 
 Bittern, . . 200 
 
 , 588 
 
 root tincture, . 
 
 937 
 
 artificial, 
 
 . 11S7 
 
 Bitumen, fossil, . . 
 
 724 
 
 root tincture, acet 
 
 
 mixture, 
 
 • 771 
 
 Bixa, orellana, 
 
 S75 
 
 ous, . . . 
 
 949 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 . S51 
 
 Black antimony, . 
 
 158 
 
 root tincture com 
 
 
 Brass 
 
 . 26 
 
 Blackberry carmina- 
 
 
 pound, . . 
 
 949 
 
 Brassica, . 
 
 • 639 
 
 tive, .... 
 
 1045 
 
 Bloom of roses, . 
 
 "33 
 
 Brayera, fluid ext., 
 
 • 459 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 1069 
 
 Ninon, face powde 
 
 -.1135 
 
 infusion, 
 
 • 534 
 
 elixir, . . 
 
 290 
 
 youth, . 
 
 1133 
 
 Brazil-nut oil, 
 
 . 662 
 
 essence or extract, 
 
 429 
 
 Blondine, . 
 
 533 
 
 Brimstone, 
 
 . 780 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 467 
 
 Blueberry essence 
 
 
 horse, 
 
 . 780 
 
 fl. ext. compound, 
 
 4S1 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 430 
 
 Britannia metal, . 
 
 . 156 
 
 root syrup, 
 
 S23 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 857 
 
 British blackdraugh 
 
 t, 627 
 
 syrup, . . . 81^1 
 
 , 850 
 
 Blue chemic, . 
 
 877 
 
 gum, . . . 
 
 • 271 
 
 syrup aromatic, . 
 
 S26 
 
 flag extract, 
 
 447 
 
 oil 
 
 • 653 
 
 Black cherry essence 
 
 
 flag, fl. extract, 
 
 464 
 
 Bromacetic acid, 
 
 . 201 
 
 or extract, . . 
 
 429 
 
 flag tincture, . 
 
 947 
 
 Bromal, . . . c 
 
 )6, 200 
 
 cohosh elixir, . 
 
 290 
 
 litmus, . 
 
 24S 
 
 hydrate, . . 
 
 . 200 
 
 cohosh elixir com- 
 
 
 mass, 
 
 617 
 
 Bromates, . 
 
 . 201 
 
 pound, . 
 
 291 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 978 
 
 Bromic acid, . 
 
 . 201 
 
 cohosh fl. extract, 
 
 460 
 
 pill, .... 
 
 617 
 
 Bromide aluminium 
 
 , 140 
 
 cohosh fl. extract 
 
 
 Prussian, . 
 
 512 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 • 145 
 
 compound, . 
 
 482 
 
 show bottle, . 
 
 251 
 
 ammonium elixir, 
 
 291 
 
 cohosh tincture, . 
 
 899 
 
 soluble, . 
 
 512 
 
 ammonium syrup 
 
 833 
 
 cohosh tincture 
 
 
 stone, 
 
 265 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 • 159 
 
 compound, 
 
 949 
 
 vitriol, . 
 
 265 
 
 arsenic, . 
 
 • 179 
 
 currant essence or 
 
 
 Bluing, . . 512 
 
 , 1178 
 
 barium, . 
 
 . 187 
 
 extract, . 
 
 429 
 
 Boerhaave's anti-astli 
 
 - 
 
 bismuth, . . 
 
 . 196 
 
 draught, . . 536, 627 
 
 matic elixir, 
 
 3S0 
 
 cadmium, . 
 
 • 203 
 
 draught British, . 
 
 627 
 
 visceral elixir, 
 
 3S0 
 
 calcium, . . 
 
 205 
 
 drop, British, . 
 
 54 
 
 Bog bean, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 calcium elixir, . 
 
 292 
 
 ink, . . 1172 to 1 1 76 
 
 Boker's bitters, ext., 
 
 437 
 
 chloral elixir, . 
 
 • 294 
 
 Japan, .... 
 
 724 
 
 Boldo, fluid ext., 
 
 461 
 
 chlorine, 
 
 201 
 
 pepper oil, . 
 
 661. 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 947 
 
 chromium, . 
 
 239 
 
 pitch, .... 
 
 694 
 
 Boldus, fluid ext. , 
 
 461 
 
 copper, . 
 
 266 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
 386 
 
 Boletus laricis, fl. ext 
 
 ., 461 
 
 gold, . . . 
 
 180 
 
 root, fluid ext., 
 
 472 
 
 Bone-black, . 
 
 211 
 
 iodine, . 
 
 201 
 
 Blacking, French, . 
 
 I17S 
 
 oil, ... 21 
 
 1,641 
 
 iron, 
 
 5ii 
 
 harness, 
 
 1179 
 
 spirit, 
 
 211 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 292 
 
 Bladderwrack, fl. ext. , 
 
 474 
 
 Boneset, fl. ext., 47 
 
 1, 474 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 799 
 
 Blandine, .... 
 
 1 1 34 
 
 Bonjean's ergotin, 
 
 446 
 
 iron syr. (tasteless 
 
 , 831 
 
 Blazing star, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 Borage, fluid ext., 
 
 473 
 
 lead, 
 
 69S 
 
 Bleiwisspflaster, . 
 
 385 
 
 Borago, fluid ext., 
 
 473 
 
 lithium, 
 
 593 
 
 Blessed thistle, ext. 
 
 444 
 
 Boracic acid, . . 5 
 
 7, 198 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 601 
 
 thistle, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 Borate of ammonium 
 
 . 149 
 
 mercury, 
 
 531 
 
 thistle tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 711 
 
 morphine, 
 
 122 
 
 Blistering cerate, 
 
 219 
 
 sodium, . 19 
 
 3, 748 
 
 morphine elixir, 
 
 293 
 
 collodion, . 
 
 242 
 
 Borax, ... 19 
 
 3, 74S 
 
 morphine syrup, 
 
 831 
 
 liquid 
 
 553 
 
 glycerite, . . . 
 
 51S 
 
 nickel, . . . 
 
 634 
 
 paper, .... 
 
 228 
 
 honey, . 
 
 618 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 703 
 
 Blister plaster, 
 
 219 
 
 Boric acid, . . 5 
 
 7, 198 
 
 potassium elixir, 
 
 293 
 
 Blood bitters, 
 
 1040 
 
 acid ointment, 
 
 969 
 
 potassium elixi 
 
 
 cleanser, 
 
 1044 
 
 Borocitrate of lithium 
 
 , 595 
 
 compound, . 
 
 294 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1211 
 
 Bromide of potassium 
 
 Buchu tincture, . 
 
 S91 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 S33 
 
 Buckbean extract, . 
 
 45o 
 
 quinine, 
 
 126 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 475 
 
 quinine syrup, 
 
 831 
 
 Buckeye fluid extract, 
 
 468 
 
 quinine and mor 
 
 
 Buckhorn brake, fl.ext 
 
 475 
 
 phine syrup, 
 
 S32 
 
 Buckthorn berries, fl. 
 
 
 quinine elixir, . 
 
 295 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 quinine, morphine 
 
 
 bark, fluid extract, 
 
 477 
 
 and strychnine 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 1049 
 
 syrup, '. . 
 
 S32 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 325 
 
 salts ointments, 
 
 992 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 449 
 
 silver, . . . 
 
 176 
 
 syrup 
 
 811 
 
 sodium, . 
 
 749 
 
 Buds 
 
 20 
 
 sodium elixir, . 
 
 295 
 
 Bugle bitter, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 sodium syrup, 
 
 S33 
 
 weed, fl. ext., 475 
 
 4S7 
 
 strychnine anc 
 
 1 
 
 Burdock blood bitters, 
 
 1040 
 
 morphine syrup 
 
 832 
 
 root, fluid extract, 
 
 475 
 
 strychnine, iron 
 
 
 seed, fluid extract, 
 
 473 
 
 and quinine syr 
 
 S33 
 
 Burnt sugar coloring, 
 
 245 
 
 strychnine syrup, 
 
 S32 
 
 elixir 
 
 33i 
 
 sulphur, . . 
 
 7-i 
 
 Burgundy pitch, . 
 
 694 
 
 zinc, . . . 
 
 1015 
 
 pitch plaster, . 
 
 3SS 
 
 Bromidia, . . 2g_ 
 
 , 1 IOO 
 
 Burweed spiney, fl. ex. 
 
 469 
 
 Bromides, 
 
 200 
 
 Butter 202 
 
 541 
 
 compounds, 
 
 IIOI 
 
 artificial, 
 
 202 
 
 Bromine, . . . 
 
 200 
 
 Butterine 
 
 202 
 
 chloride of, 
 
 236 
 
 1 Sutter color, . 249, 
 
 iifS~ 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 cacao, .... 
 
 640 
 
 Bromo-chloralum, 
 
 536 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 549 
 
 Bromoform, . . 
 
 200 
 
 nutmeg, 
 
 639 
 
 Bromum, . . . 
 
 200 
 
 Butternut, American 
 
 
 Bronze, 
 
 . 2b 4 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 aluminium, 
 
 137 
 
 bark, extract, . . 
 
 447 
 
 phosphor, . . 
 
 . 264 
 
 European, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 Broom juice, . . 
 
 • 776 
 
 Button snakeroot, fl. 
 
 
 tops, fl. ext. aque 
 
 - 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 ous, . 
 
 . 489 
 
 Butyl 85 
 
 201 
 
 Brown mixture, . 
 
 . 624 
 
 alcohol 
 
 35 
 
 mixture improved 
 
 . 625 
 
 chloral, . . . 96, 201 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 chloral elixir, . . 
 
 314 
 
 i ud's anti-epi 
 
 
 chloral-hydrate, . 
 
 201 
 
 leptic mixture, 
 
 
 chloral hyd'te elix. 
 
 321 
 
 Brucinc, . 
 
 • 131 
 
 Butylic alcohol, . 
 
 201 
 
 Brust pulver, . . 
 
 • 7"' 
 
 Butyrate of amyl, 15 
 
 , 201 
 
 thee, 
 
 • 759 
 
 Butyrate of ethel, . 
 
 201 
 
 Bryonia, ll. ext, . 
 
 . 401 
 
 Butyrates 
 
 201 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 . 8go 
 
 Butyrum 
 
 202 
 
 Bryony, lluid ext., 
 
 V 
 
 Butyric acid, . 
 
 201 
 
 spirit compound, 
 
 ■ 772 
 
 ether, ... 78 
 
 , 201 
 
 Buchu compound, 
 
 . tog] 
 
 Butyrin 
 
 ._., , 2 
 
 elixir, . . . 
 
 . 296 
 
 Buxine 
 
 107 
 
 elixir compound, 
 
 . 296 
 
 Buxus sempervirens 
 
 
 extract, distilled, 
 
 • l--- 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 468 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 . 466 
 
 
 
 ll. ext. compouni 
 
 , 1--' 
 
 
 
 infusion, 
 
 . 537 
 
 c 
 
 
 juniper elixir, 
 
 
 
 
 juniper fl. extrac 
 
 , 482 
 
 Cabbage, skunk, ll. ex 
 
 • 4»S 
 
 oil 
 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 Pareirabravaelbt 
 
 r, 296 
 
 
 c; 
 
 Prariera brava, t 
 
 . 
 
 1 butter, . . 
 
 640 
 
 extract, 
 
 . 48a 
 
 . . 
 
 •j -j 5 
 
 Cacao fluid extract, . 476 
 
 Cachinca, fl. extract, 46S 
 
 Cachou flavor, . . 435 
 
 Cachous aromatic, . 435 
 
 Cactus tincture, . . 949 
 
 fluid extract, . 461, 4S7 
 
 Cade oil, .... 648 
 
 Cadmium, . . . 203 
 
 bromide, . . . 203 
 
 carbonate, . . . 203 
 
 chloride, . . . 203 
 
 iodide, .... 203 
 
 nitrate 203 
 
 ointment, . . . 992 
 
 oxide, .... 204 
 
 sulphide, . . . 204 
 
 sulphate, . . . 204 
 
 Caesium 204 
 
 Caffea, fluid extract, 473 
 
 tosta, fluid extract, 473 
 
 Caffeina no 
 
 Caffeinas citras, . . no 
 
 Caffeine no 
 
 citrate, ... no 
 
 citrate elixir, . . 317 
 
 ointment, . . . 992 
 
 Caff-iodoform, . . 539 
 
 Cajuputene, . . . 646 
 
 Cajuput oil, . . . 646 
 
 spirit, . . . . 7114 
 
 toothache remedy, 1 1 2 1 
 
 Calaba balsam, . . 181 
 
 Calabar bean extract, 449 
 
 bean fluid extract, 462 
 
 bean tincture, . . 931 
 
 Calamine, . . . 1016 
 
 cerate 223 
 
 ointment, . . . 974 
 
 Calamus draco, . . 725 
 
 essence, . . 410 
 
 extract 444 
 
 fluid extract, . . 459 
 
 oil, 646 
 
 syrup, . . .823, 
 
 tincture, . . . 89] 
 
 ( !ali ii bromidum, . 205 
 carbonas, pi 
 
 tatus, . . . 205 
 chloridum, . . 
 
 hydras, . . . 
 
 hypophosphis, . 
 pbosphas praecipi- 
 
 tatus, . . . 207 
 sulphurata, 
 Calcined magnesia, . 
 magnesia, heavj . - 
 
 Calcium 204 
 
 bisulphide, . . . 210 
 bromide, 
 
 tonate, . 
 carbonate precipi- 
 tated, . . . 20s 
 
1212 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Calcium chloride, . 
 
 206 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 55i 
 
 fluoride, 
 
 209 
 
 hypophosphite, 
 
 207 
 
 hypophosp'e syrup. 
 
 834 
 
 iodate, .... 
 
 210 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 210 
 
 iodide elixir, . 
 
 336 
 
 iodide syrup, . 
 
 33S 
 
 iron lactophosph'e 
 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 841 
 
 lactophosph'e sol'n, 
 
 573 
 
 lactophosph'e syrup 
 
 841 
 
 lactophosph'e syrup 
 
 797 
 
 oxide 
 
 20S 
 
 pentasulphide, 
 
 210 
 
 phosphate, acid, . 
 
 753 
 
 phosphate, neutral, 
 
 753 
 
 phosphate solution, 
 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 
 phosphate precip'd, 
 
 207 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 210 
 
 sulphide, . 209 
 
 210 
 
 sulphocarbolate, . 
 
 782 
 
 Calendula, fl. ext. , . 
 
 46S 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 =;20 
 
 tincture, 
 
 891' 
 
 California laurel, fl. ex. 
 
 476 
 
 Calisaya cordial, 
 
 261 
 
 bismuth elixir, 
 
 299 
 
 bismuth and strych- 
 
 
 nine elixir, . 
 
 299 
 
 comp'd elixirs, 29910311 
 
 elixir, . . . 297 
 
 29S 
 
 elixir, ferrated, 
 
 300 
 
 elixirs, other, . . 
 
 3 11 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 477 
 
 iron and bismuth 
 
 
 elixir's, . . 300 
 
 304 
 
 iron elixir's, 
 
 
 300, 302, 304, 310 
 
 ,3n 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 elixirs, 301, 303 
 
 305 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 wine 
 
 1009 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 852 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 852 
 
 wine 
 
 1008 
 
 Calomel 
 
 T-: 
 
 and jalap powder, 
 
 720 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 9S2 
 
 Calumba extract. 
 
 444 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 537 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 892 
 
 Calx 
 
 208 
 
 chlorata, 
 
 209 
 
 chlorinata, . 
 
 209 
 
 Calycanthus floridus 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 Cambogia, 
 
 720 
 
 Camphor, .... 
 
 727 
 
 anise, .... 
 
 646 
 
 Camphor cerate, . 21S 
 
 chloral 234 
 
 chloral glycerite, . 520 
 chloral, tooth-ache 
 
 cure 1 1 20 
 
 cream H33 
 
 elixir compound, . 346 
 
 etherate, ... Sr 
 
 ice, 1193 
 
 ice, carbolated, . 11 46 
 
 ice with glycerin, . 1146 
 ice with glycerin 
 
 carbolated, . . 1147 
 
 Japanese, . . . 649 
 
 julep 1000 
 
 liniment, . . . 544 
 
 liniment, ammon'd, 544 
 
 liniment, comp'd, 544 
 
 mixture, Hope's, . 62S 
 
 monobromated, . 727 
 monobromated elix. 311 
 
 ointment, . . . 992 
 
 peppermint, . . 649 
 
 plaster 392 
 
 oil 652 
 
 spirit, .... 765 
 tincture compound, 893 
 water, . . . . 165 
 wine, .... 1000 
 Camphorated glycer- 
 ine jelly, . . 1 147 
 carbonate of lead 
 
 ointment, . . 9S5 
 
 oil, . . ' . . . 544 
 
 soap, .... 743 
 
 tincture of opium, 92S 
 
 ' tooth powder. . . 1139 
 
 Canada balsam, . . 182 
 
 balsam emulsion, 407 
 
 balsam, factitious, 163 
 
 balsam syrup. . . S24 
 
 pitch 694 
 
 pitch plaster, . . 388 
 
 snake root oil, . 652 
 
 turpentine, 182, 663 
 
 Canarium commune, 663 
 
 Cancer plaster, . . 392 
 
 root, fluid extract, 474 
 
 Canchalagua, fl. ext., 474 
 
 Candlenut oil, . . 662 
 
 Candied aromatics, . 260 
 
 sweet flag, . . . 260 
 
 Candleberry, . . 216 
 
 Cane sugar, . . . 734 
 
 Canella, fl. extract, 461 
 
 oil, 652 
 
 tincture, . . 946 
 
 Canelle alcoolat, . . 453 
 
 Canker lettuce, fl ex. 476 
 
 balsam 1034 
 
 Cannabis Indica ext., 444 
 
 Indian tincture, . 893 
 
 Cannabis sativa, fl. 
 
 ext., . . 461, 4S7 
 Indica fl. extract, . 459 
 Cantharidal collodion, 241 
 Cantharides cerate, . 219 
 etherate, ... 81 
 fluid extract, . . 461 
 fl. ext., etherial, . 493 
 extract, cerate, . 220 
 liniment, . 553, 544 
 
 oil 640 
 
 ointment, . 974, 992 
 
 paper 227 
 
 plaster, . . .219, 3S4 
 tincture, . . . S94 
 tincture etherial, . 952 
 vinegar, . . . "52 
 ointment, . . . 992 
 Cantharis vesicatoria 
 
 fluid extract, . 461 
 Caoutchouc, . . . 72: 
 Caproyl 85 
 
 Ca P r yi 85 
 
 Capsella, fl. extract, 461 
 
 Capsicum elixir, . . 311 
 fluid extract, . . 460 
 myrrh tincture, . 951 
 oil, . . . . 640, 652 
 ointment, . . . 992 
 oleoresin, . . . 661 
 
 plaster 3S4 
 
 tincture, . . . S94 
 
 Capuchin plaster, . 393 
 
 Caramel 245 
 
 solution, . . . 245 
 
 Caraway essence, . 411 
 
 oil 647 
 
 seed, fl. extract, . 468 
 
 syrup S52 
 
 syrup, . . . 823 
 
 water 166 
 
 Carbazotate of am- 
 monium, . . 149 
 
 Carbazotic acid, . . 57 
 
 Carbo animalis, . . 211 
 animalis, purine's, 211 
 ligni, . . ... 212 
 
 Carbolate of Iodine 
 
 glycerite, . . 520 
 iodine, inhalent, . 10S6 
 sodium, . . . 757 
 
 Carbolated cam'r ice, 1146 
 
 with glycerin, 1149 
 
 glycerin jelly, . .1147 
 
 glycerin honey, . 11 47 
 
 tooth wash, . .1137 
 
 Carbolic acid, 56, 59, 672 
 acid glycerite, . . 517 
 acid liquefied, 56, 59 
 acid ointment, . 969 
 acid solution, . . 569 
 acid suppositories, 7S9 
 
1213 
 
 Carbolic acid vapor 
 
 969 
 
 Carlsbad, salts, artifi- 
 
 
 Castor beans, tincture, 048 
 
 acid water. 
 
 . 165 
 
 cial 
 
 1116 
 
 leaves, fluid ext., 
 
 476 
 
 alkali Grantville, 
 
 • 5S7 
 
 water solution, 
 
 S6S 
 
 oil emulsion, . 
 
 397 
 
 ointment, . 969, 1103 
 
 Carminative, black- 
 
 
 oil, tasteless. . 
 
 - 
 
 salve, . . 970, 1 103 
 
 berry, . . * 
 
 1045 
 
 Castoria 
 
 1050 
 
 soap, . . . 
 
 ■ 743 
 
 cordial. 
 
 1046 
 
 Castorol 
 
 1050 
 
 tooth-ache cure, 
 
 1120 
 
 Dewee's, 
 
 625 
 
 Castor, tincture, 
 
 - 
 
 tooth powder, . 
 
 • 1139 
 
 elixir, Dalby's, . 
 
 3S0 
 
 tincture, etherial, . 
 
 952 
 
 Carbolized cosmol'e 
 
 , 969 
 
 ginger, . .' . . 
 
 1046 
 
 Catalpa, lluid extract 
 
 , 468 
 
 vaseline, . . 
 
 • 969 
 
 mixture, Paris, . 
 
 
 Cataplasm, emollient 
 
 75* 
 
 Carbon, 
 
 210 
 
 Carminatives, 
 
 1045 
 
 Cataria, fluid extract 
 
 473 
 
 bisulphide, . 
 
 . 212 
 
 Carmine 
 
 S76 
 
 Catarrh, cream balm 
 
 1048 
 
 chlorides, . . 
 
 . 213 
 
 coloring (red), . 
 
 246 
 
 cream salve, . 
 
 1047 
 
 dioxide, . . 
 
 . 213 
 
 ink, . . 246, S76, 
 
 1173 
 
 cure 
 
 1048 
 
 hydrides, . 
 
 213 
 
 solution, 
 
 246 
 
 snuff 
 
 104S 
 
 oil, . . . 654, 671 
 
 Carnauba, n. ext., . 
 
 46S 
 
 remedy, 
 
 i"47 
 
 oxides, . . . 
 
 213 
 
 wax 
 
 216 
 
 Catawba syrup, . 
 
 
 paper, . . . 
 
 230 
 
 Caroba, fluid extract, 
 
 475 
 
 in 
 
 727 
 
 Carbonates, . 
 
 214 
 
 Carophvlles, fl. ext. 
 
 461 
 
 Catechol 
 
 727 
 
 Carbonate of ammo 
 
 
 oil, '..... 
 
 647 
 
 Catechu, . . . 727. B77 
 
 nium, 
 
 • M5 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 947 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 495 
 
 barium, . 
 
 1S7 
 
 thina balsam, . 
 
 1S2 
 
 infusion, 
 
 537 
 
 bismuth, . . 
 
 192 
 
 Carpenter's square, 
 
 
 liquid extract, . . 
 
 405 
 
 cadmium, . 
 
 203 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 47" 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 calcium, precipit't 
 
 , 205 
 
 Carrageen syrup, 
 
 S22 
 
 powder, comp'd, . 
 
 715 
 
 calcium, prepared 
 
 206 
 
 compound syrup, . 
 
 826 
 
 tannic acid, . . 
 
 727 
 
 copper, . . . 
 
 266 
 
 Carrot oil, ... 
 
 652 
 
 tincture, 
 
 897 
 
 iron, . . . 
 
 5ii 
 
 Carrota, or carrot link 
 
 
 troches 
 
 961 
 
 iron saccharated, 
 
 500 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 46S 
 
 Cathartic cordial, 
 
 1050 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 696 
 
 Carthamus, . . . 
 
 
 elixir, . . 312 
 
 . 313 
 
 lead ointment, 
 
 9S5 
 
 tinctorius, . . S76 
 
 . 904 
 
 laxative elixir, 
 
 313 
 
 camphorated, 
 
 9S5 
 
 tinct. fluid extract, 
 
 473 
 
 liver pills, . . . 
 
 1051 
 
 lithium, . . . 
 
 594 
 
 Carum carvi, ll. ext., 
 
 46S 
 
 lozenges, 
 
 1052 
 
 magnesium, . 
 
 599 
 
 1 'arvene 
 
 
 Catmint, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 magnesium, heav) 
 
 . 599 
 
 Carvol, .... 
 
 647 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 magnesium, light 
 
 600 
 
 Carya alba, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 Catnep, fl. extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 Casca, fluid extract. 
 
 465 
 
 < 'aulophyllin, . 
 
 732 
 
 mercury, . . 
 
 531 
 
 Cascara amarga, fluid 
 
 
 ( 'aulophylluin. fl. ext. 
 
 468 
 
 nickel, . . . 
 
 634 
 
 extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 compound, fl. ext., 
 
 4 s - 
 
 potassium , . . 
 
 704 
 
 cordial, . . 312, 
 
 [050 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 silver, 
 
 176 
 
 sagrada elixir, 
 
 312 
 
 tincture COmp'd, . 
 
 949 
 
 lium, . 
 
 749 
 
 sagrada extract, . 
 
 444 
 
 < laUStic balsam, . . 
 
 1034 
 
 sodium, dried, 
 
 750 
 
 sagrada fluid ext., 
 
 
 t hurchill's iodine, 
 
 559 
 
 strontium, . . 
 
 774 
 
 473. 476 
 
 490 
 
 lunar 
 
 147 
 
 zinc, precipitated, 
 
 1015 
 
 aqueous, . . 
 
 490 
 
 soda 
 
 746 
 
 1, . 
 
 213 
 
 sagrada liquid ext., 
 
 490 
 
 toughened, . . 
 
 173 
 
 acid true, . 
 
 214 
 
 sagrada lluid ext., 
 
 490 
 
 ' ■ pep'r, il. ex. 
 
 41.0 
 
 anhydride, 
 
 213 
 
 ( lascarilla extract, . 
 
 444 
 
 Ceanothin, 
 
 733 
 
 Carboni bisulphid'm 
 
 212 
 
 lluid extract, . . 
 
 465 
 
 1 leanothuscomp. syr. 
 
 
 ium, . 
 
 210 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 537 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 
 < larbonol, . . . 9 
 
 5, 620 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 < ledar ess< ace, . 
 
 411 
 
 Carburet'd h. 
 
 2x3 
 
 tincture, 
 
 
 oil 
 
 
 ( 'arc la:' 
 
 1" 
 
 ... 84 
 
 541 
 
 < ledarwood oil, . 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 l"i 
 
 mucilage, . . . 
 
 
 ( 'e.lrat oil, . . . 
 
 
 ll. extract comp., 
 
 482 
 
 . . 
 
 ;>■ 
 
 1 ledron seed, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 
 for perfumes, 
 
 
 t lelastrus scandens, fl, 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 895 
 
 lluid extra, t, . . 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 
 compound tincture 
 
 , 896 
 
 oil 
 
 '•1: 
 
 1 
 
 1 100 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 Castanea, fluid ext., 
 
 477 
 
 ■ ordial, . 
 
 1 100 
 
 Carduus, benedictus 
 
 
 '. Iiite, . 
 
 740 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 Moo 
 
 fluid extract, , 
 
 
 oil, 
 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 ;i | 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 bean, fluid 1 
 
 1' -' 
 
 11 e, ... 
 
 11 1 
 
1214 
 
 Celery fluid extract, 
 
 461 
 
 Ceratum cetacei, 
 
 220 
 
 salt 
 
 Il88 
 
 extracti cantharidis 
 
 220 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 plumbi subacetatis, 
 
 221 
 
 guarana elixir, 
 
 333 
 
 resince 
 
 221 
 
 Celluloid, .... 
 
 722 
 
 resinre composftum 
 
 222 
 
 Cement 
 
 5U 
 
 sabinae, .... 
 
 222 
 
 amber 
 
 1164 
 
 saponis, 
 
 222 
 
 aquarium, . 
 
 1 164 
 
 Cercis Canadensis, 
 
 
 chrome, 
 
 1163 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 473 
 
 diamond, . 
 
 1163 
 
 Ceresin 
 
 216 
 
 glass and metal, . 
 
 1 164 
 
 Cereus, fl. ex., . 461 
 
 ,4S7 
 
 glutina 
 
 1163 
 
 night blooming, 
 
 
 for lamps, . 
 
 1 1 64 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 949 
 
 metal, .... 
 
 1 164 
 
 Cerevisiae fermen- 
 
 
 rubber 
 
 1 164 
 
 tum 
 
 498 
 
 for rubber tire, . 
 
 1164 
 
 Cerii oxalas, . 
 
 226 
 
 tooth 
 
 11S8 
 
 Cerium, .... 
 
 225 
 
 transparent, 
 
 1 164 
 
 chloride, 
 
 226 
 
 Celandine, fl.ext., 468, 4S7 
 
 nitrate 
 
 226 
 
 Centaury, Am. fl. ext 
 
 . 476 
 
 oxalate, .... 
 
 226 
 
 European, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 oxides 
 
 226 
 
 Cephalanthus, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 226 
 
 Cera alba, 
 
 215 
 
 Cerolein, .... 
 
 214 
 
 flava 
 
 214 
 
 Cetaceum, 
 
 226 
 
 Cera.- 
 
 214 
 
 Cetin, 
 
 227 
 
 Cerasalbe, 
 
 974 
 
 Cetraria, fluid extract 
 
 473 
 
 Cerasein 
 
 732 
 
 decoction, . 
 
 268 
 
 Cerata, .... 
 
 217 
 
 Cevadilla, fluid ext., 
 
 462 
 
 Cerat de galien, . 
 
 224 
 
 Chalk cerate, . 
 
 225 
 
 Cerate 
 
 21S 
 
 mixture, 
 
 622 
 
 acetate of lead, . 
 
 223 
 
 mixture, Richard's, 
 
 628 
 
 arsenical, . 
 
 225 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 992 
 
 blistering, . . . 
 
 219 
 
 powder, aromatic, 
 
 715 
 
 cacao 
 
 225 
 
 powder, comp'd, . 
 
 715 
 
 calamine, . . . 
 
 223 
 
 precipitated, . 
 
 205 
 
 camphor, . 
 
 218 
 
 prepared, . 
 
 206 
 
 cantharides, 
 
 219 
 
 troches, .... 
 
 962 
 
 chalk, .... 
 
 225 
 
 Chalybeate plaster, . 
 
 385 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 225 
 
 Chamomile, German, 
 
 
 cosmetic, . 
 
 224 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 469 
 
 ext. of cantharides 
 
 220 
 
 infusion, 
 
 536 
 
 Galen's, . . . 
 
 224 
 
 oil, 
 
 646 
 
 Goulard's, . 
 
 221 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 Kirkland's, 
 
 224 
 
 Roman, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 Marshall's, . . . 
 
 225 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 823 
 
 neutral, Kirkland's 
 
 , 224 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 946 
 
 pitch 
 
 225 
 
 Champagne, . 
 
 n36 
 
 resin, .... 
 
 221 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 S53 
 
 resin compound, . 
 
 222 
 
 Chapman's copaiba 
 
 
 rose, 
 
 225 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 629 
 
 savin, .... 
 
 222 
 
 Charcoal, .... 
 
 212 
 
 simple, .... 
 
 21S 
 
 animal, .... 
 
 211 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 222 
 
 animal, purified, . 
 
 211 
 
 spermaceti, 
 
 220 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 subacetate of lead, 
 
 221 
 
 tooth paste, 
 
 113S 
 
 Turner s, . . . 
 
 223 
 
 wood, .... 
 
 212 
 
 verdigris, . 
 
 225 
 
 Charts 
 
 227 
 
 Cerates, .... 
 
 217 
 
 Charta cantharides, 
 
 227 
 
 Ceratic acid, . 
 
 214 
 
 epispastica, 
 
 22S 
 
 Ceratum, .... 
 
 21S 
 
 potassii nitratis, . 
 
 228 
 
 camphora\ . 
 
 21S 
 
 sinapis 
 
 229 
 
 cantharidis, 
 
 • 210 
 
 Chaulmoogra oil, 
 
 642 
 
 Cheken or Chequin, 
 
 fluid extract, . 469 
 Chelidonium majus, 
 
 fluid extract, 468, 487 
 ! Chelone, glabra, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 473 
 
 : Chelonin, . . . 732 
 
 Chemic blue, . . . 877 
 
 Chemical action, . 19 
 
 affinity, ... 19 
 
 attraction, ... 19 
 
 food, .... S45 
 
 products, pharm'l, 23 
 
 products inorganic, 19 
 
 Chemicals, . . . 232 
 
 Chenopodium, fl ex. 461 
 
 oil, 647 
 
 Cherry birch, fl. ext. 473 
 
 essence, . . . 411 
 
 syrup, .... 798 
 
 laurel ointment, . 992 
 
 laurel oil, . . . 652 
 
 laurel water, . . 16S 
 
 pectoral, . . . 1106 
 
 phosphate syrup, . S53 
 
 syrup, . .' . . 853 
 
 syrup, black, . . 850 
 
 syrup, red, . . 850 
 
 tooth paste, . . 1 138 
 
 tree gum, . . . 727 
 
 wild, fl. extract, . 478 
 
 Chestnut, horse, fl. ex. , 468 
 
 leaves, fl. extract, 477 
 
 Chewstick, fluid ext. , 474 
 
 Chewing gums, . . 730 
 
 Chian turpentine, . 663 
 
 Chickerberry oil, . 64 S 
 
 Chicorium, fluid ext., 474 
 
 Chicory, fl. extract, 474 
 
 Chilblain ointment, . 1060 
 
 lotion 1060 
 
 Child's laxative, . . 1050 
 
 Chili saltpetre, . . 752 
 
 Chimiphila, fl. ext., 471 
 
 syrup, . . . . S24 
 
 Chimaphilin, . . . ,732 
 
 China clay, . . . 137 
 
 root, fluid extract, 474 
 
 Chinoidin, . . . in 
 
 tincture, . . . S9S 
 
 Chinoidine, . . . in 
 
 Chinoidium, . . . 11 1 
 
 Chinoline, . . . 129 
 
 tartrate, . . . 130 
 
 Chiococca, fluid ext., 46S 
 
 Chionanthin, . . . 732 
 Chionanthus, fluid ex- 
 tract, . . . 474. 4S7 
 
 Chirata, fluid extract, 471 
 
 tincture, . . . 898 
 
 Chiretta, infusion, . 537 
 
 Chittem, fluid extract, 476 
 
INDEX. 
 
 121 
 
 Chloral, 
 
 ?6, 233 
 
 Chlorides, carbon, 
 
 . 213 
 
 Chromic anhy- 
 
 
 anhydrous, 
 
 • 234 
 
 gold, 
 
 . 1 So 
 
 dride, ... 5 
 
 ", 230, 
 
 bromide comp., 
 
 . IIOO 
 
 solution, 
 
 . 1 129 
 
 Chromium, . . . 
 
 238 
 
 butyl, . . . 
 
 . 201 
 
 tin 
 
 • 773 
 
 compounds, . . 
 
 239 
 
 butyl, elixir, . 
 
 • 3M 
 
 uranium, . . 
 
 • 994 
 
 oxides 
 
 239 
 
 S76 
 
 elixir, 
 
 • 3M 
 
 Chlorinated soap, 
 
 ■ 743 
 
 Chromogene, . . 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 
 lime, . . . 
 
 209 
 
 Chrysarobin ointm't, 
 Chrysophyl'm, fl. ex. 
 
 975 
 
 4' " 
 
 hydrate elixir, . 
 
 • 3i4 
 
 Chlorine, . 
 
 ■ 235 
 
 hydrate butyl, 
 
 . 201 
 
 acids, 
 
 • 236 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 947 
 
 hydrate ointment 
 
 992 
 
 inhalation, . 
 
 • 99 f > 
 
 j Churchill's iodine 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 • 799 
 
 ointment, . . 
 
 • 992 
 
 caustic, . 
 
 • 559 
 
 Chloralum, 
 
 . 140 
 
 solution, . . 235, 5^2 
 
 solution hypophos- 
 
 
 Chlorate mercury, 
 
 • 532 
 
 water, . . . 235, 552 
 
 phites comp'd, . 
 
 573 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 • 704 
 
 Chlorodyne, . 895 
 
 , IIOI 
 
 syrup hypophosph'i 
 
 , S04 
 
 potassium elixir. 
 
 • 314 
 
 Chlorodynia, . . 
 
 . 1 102 
 
 Cicely, sweet, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 potassium troches 
 
 . 9 6 5 
 
 Chloroform, . 
 
 237 
 
 Cicuta, fl. ext., . 471 
 
 ■ 474 
 
 sodium, 
 
 • 750 
 
 camphor emulsioi 
 
 , 622 
 
 Cigarettes, asthmatic 
 
 1031 
 
 Chlorates, . . 2 
 
 55, 236 
 
 elixir, 
 
 315 
 
 Cigar flavoring, Ha- 
 
 
 Chloric acid, . . 
 
 . 236 
 
 liniment, . . 
 
 544 
 
 vanna, 
 
 4^5 
 
 ether, . . . i 
 
 0,766 
 
 mixture, 
 
 621 
 
 tree, fluid extract, 
 
 46S 
 
 Chloride aluminium 
 
 , 140 
 
 morphine tincture 
 
 899 
 
 Cimicifugafl. ext. ,460, 4S7 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 146 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 fl. ext. compound, 
 
 4S2 
 
 ammonium elixir, 
 
 3M 
 
 spirit, . . . S 
 
 O, 765 
 
 tincture, 
 
 899 
 
 ammonium syrup 
 
 S43 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 S98 
 
 tincture, comp'd, 
 
 949 
 
 ammonium troche 
 
 s, 961 
 
 water, . 
 
 166 
 
 Cimicifugin, . 
 
 732 
 43S 
 
 amyl, . . . 
 
 151 
 
 Chloroformum, . 
 
 237 
 
 Cinchona bitters, 
 
 arsenic, . . . 
 
 179 
 
 ; Chlorophyll, . . 
 
 24 s 
 
 decoction, . 
 
 270 
 
 barium, . 
 
 188 
 
 Chlorous acid, 
 
 236 
 
 elixir, . . . 297 
 extract 
 
 , 29S 
 444 
 
 bismuth, basic, 
 
 196 
 
 Chocolata, . . 
 
 237 
 
 bromine, . . 2c 
 
 1, 236 
 
 Chocolate essence, 
 
 417 
 
 extract, alcoholic, 
 
 444 
 
 cadmium, . . 
 
 203 
 
 extract, . 
 
 417 
 
 extract, aqueous, . 
 
 444 
 
 calcium, 
 
 206 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 extract, liquid, 
 
 477 
 
 cerium, . 
 
 226 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 S53 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 477 
 
 cobalt, . '. . 
 
 240 
 
 syrup, hot, 
 
 867 
 
 aromatic, . . 
 
 4S2 
 
 copper, . . . 
 
 266 
 
 Cholagogue, . 
 
 1025 
 
 compound, 
 
 4^2 
 
 gold and sodium, 
 
 179 
 
 Cholera cure, 
 
 1053 
 
 detannated, 
 
 47" 
 
 gold ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 cures, . . . 
 
 1053 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 535 
 
 iron, . . . 
 
 500 
 
 drops, Russian, 
 
 1054 
 
 infusion acid, . . 
 
 537 
 
 iron and arsenic eli 
 
 x. 315 
 
 drops, Thiele- 
 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 iron elixir, tasteles 
 
 ?■ 314 
 
 mann's, . 
 
 I055 
 
 wine 
 
 1009 
 
 iron tincture, . 
 
 907 
 
 mixture, larks,,,,'. 
 
 . 628 
 
 iron, wine, . . . 
 
 100S 
 
 iron tinct., ethena 
 
 , 9O8 
 
 mixture, X.Y. Sun 
 
 ,1054 
 
 syrup 
 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 698 
 
 mixture, Spark- 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 900 
 
 lead ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 man's, 628 
 
 1055 
 
 tinct'e ammoniated 
 
 949 
 
 lime, 
 
 2o', 
 
 mixture, Squibb's, 
 
 
 tincture compound. 
 
 OUI 
 
 lithium, . 
 
 595 
 
 mixture. Sun, . . 
 
 
 tooth powder, . . 
 
 1 139 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 602 
 
 remedy, . . 
 
 1053 
 
 wine, . . IOOO, 
 
 100S 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 Specific, Australia! 
 
 
 Cinchonia, 
 
 1 12 
 
 mercury, corrosive 
 
 . 526 
 
 tincture, Asiatic, 
 
 
 sulphate. . . . 
 
 112 
 
 mercury, mild, 
 
 525 
 
 Chromate barium, . 
 
 
 Cinchonicine, 
 
 in 
 
 nickel, . . . . 
 
 »34 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 "'7 
 
 ( linchonidia elixir, . 
 
 315 
 
 phosphorus, 
 
 '■7 1 
 
 lead 
 
 698 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 platinum, . 
 
 
 mercury, . . . 
 
 532 
 
 < linchonidinse sulphas 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 potassium, . . . 
 
 711 
 
 potassium, . . . 
 
 711' 
 
 Cinchonidine, . . 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 propylamine elixir 
 
 359 
 
 potassium, red. 
 
 702 
 
 elixir 
 
 315 
 
 silver 
 
 
 silver 
 
 1-'. 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 316 
 
 sodium 
 
 7-"" 
 
 Chrome cement, . . 
 
 [163 
 
 iron and arsenic elix. 
 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 781 
 
 orange 
 
 
 iron and strych, elix. 
 
 
 tin solution, 
 
 592 
 
 red 
 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 zinc 
 
 1017 
 
 yellow 
 
 
 Cinchonina, . 
 
 1 1 2 
 
 zinc, etherate, 
 
 81 
 
 Chromic acid, . 5 
 
 7. 239 
 
 < linchonime sulphas, 
 
 1 [2 
 
 Chlorides, ,23 
 
 
 acid solution, . 
 
 
 nine, . . . 
 
 I 12 
 
1210 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cinchonine sulphate, 
 
 112 
 
 Citro-tartrate sodium 
 
 
 Cochineal fruit, red, 
 
 247 
 
 Cincho-quinine, . 
 
 129 
 
 effervescing, 
 
 ' 751 
 
 mordant, . 7 . 
 
 774 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 317 
 
 Citrus bergamia, 
 
 646 
 
 red 
 
 246 
 
 Cinnabar, .... 
 
 531 
 
 Civet ex. for perfumes 
 
 ,H53 
 
 tincture, . . 903 
 
 .947 
 
 Cinnamic acid, . 
 
 647 
 
 Claret syrup, . 
 
 S54 
 
 tincture, ammon'd, 
 
 950 
 
 aldehyd, 
 
 647 
 
 Claude's elixir, . 
 
 380 
 
 Cochlearia armoracia 
 
 465 
 
 Cinnamomum cam- 
 
 
 Clay China, . 
 
 137 
 
 (scurvy grass) fluid 
 
 
 phora, .... 
 
 727 
 
 Cleaning cream, 
 
 1 169 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 Cinnamon ess., .411 
 
 , 766 
 
 Cleaver's fluid extract 
 
 - 474 
 
 Cockleburr, fl. ext. . 
 
 469 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 Clifford's shampoo 
 
 
 Cockroaches, tincture 
 
 950 
 
 oik 
 
 647 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 1 144 
 
 Cocktail shakes, . 
 
 866 
 
 powder compound, 
 
 714 
 
 Clothes cleaning com 
 
 
 Cocoa, 
 
 237 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 766 
 
 pound, . 
 
 "1169 
 
 Cocoa cream, . . 
 
 "43 
 
 syrup, . . . 798, 854 
 
 Cloth and glove 
 
 
 Cocoaine or cocoa- 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 902 
 
 cleaner, . 
 
 1 169 
 
 cream, .... 
 
 ii43 
 
 water, .... 
 
 166 
 
 Cloth cleaning com- 
 
 
 Cocoanut oil, . 63S 
 
 642 
 
 Cinquefoil, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 pounds, . . . 
 
 1168 
 
 oil soap, 
 
 742 
 
 Cissampeline, 
 
 107 
 
 Clove anodyne tooth- 
 
 
 Codamine, 
 
 666 
 
 Citrate ammonium, . 
 
 M9 
 
 ache cure, . 
 
 1120 
 
 Codeia 
 
 114 
 
 Citrate bismuth, . 
 
 193 
 
 Clove essence, 
 
 411 
 
 Codeina, .... 
 
 114 
 
 bismuth and ammo- 
 
 
 ess. for perfumes, 
 
 1152 
 
 Codeinje sulphas, 
 
 114 
 
 nium, 
 
 194 
 
 oil 
 
 647 
 
 Codeine, . . 114 
 
 666 
 
 bismuth soluble, . 
 
 194 
 
 ..Clover, sweet, fl. ext. 
 
 , 475 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 114 
 
 caffeine, 
 
 no 
 
 tops, red, fluid ext 
 
 ,476 
 
 Cod liver oil, . 
 
 638 
 
 caffeine elixir, . 
 
 317 
 
 Cloves, fluid extract, 
 
 46 r 
 
 with chem. food, 402 
 
 ,405 
 
 copper, .... 
 
 266 
 
 infusion, 
 
 537 
 
 emulsion, . 
 
 397 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 501 
 
 syrup 
 
 823 
 
 ferrated, . 
 
 400 
 
 iron and ammonium 
 
 , 502 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 947 
 
 with hypophosp's 
 
 399 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 317 
 
 Coal oil, .... 
 
 654 
 
 with iodid potas. 
 
 400 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 833 
 
 tar 
 
 694 
 
 iodo-ferrated, . 
 
 400 
 
 iron and quinine, 
 
 502 
 
 Coating, gelatin, 
 
 514 
 
 with iron. . . 
 
 400 
 
 iron and quin. elix. 
 
 317 
 
 sugar, .... 
 
 680 
 
 with lactophos. 
 
 
 iron and quin. syrup 
 
 ,834 
 
 Cobalt 
 
 240 
 
 iron, . 
 
 401 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 chloride, 
 
 240 
 
 with lactophos. 
 
 
 strychnine, . . 
 
 503 
 
 oxide 
 
 240 
 
 comp. . 
 
 401 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 salts, .... 
 
 240 
 
 with lactophos. 
 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 3i8 
 
 Cobaltum, ... 
 
 240 
 
 lime, . 
 
 401 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 Cobbler shakes, . . 
 
 865 
 
 with pancreatine, 
 
 403 
 
 syrup, 
 
 834 
 
 Coca elixir, 
 
 324 
 
 with pancreatine 
 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 471 
 
 and pepsin, .. 
 
 404 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 3i8 
 
 nucifera, 
 
 638 
 
 with pepsin, 
 
 402 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 syrup 
 
 825 
 
 with pepsin and 
 
 
 strychnine syrup, 
 
 834 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 1009 
 
 quinine 
 
 4C>3 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 503 
 
 Cocaina, .... 
 
 112 
 
 peptonized, . . 
 
 403 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 Cocainae hydrochlo's, 
 
 113 
 
 with phosphate 
 
 
 elixir, 
 
 3i8 
 
 Cocaine, .... 
 
 112 
 
 of lime, . . 
 
 402 
 
 iron wine, . 
 
 1002 
 
 discs, .... 
 
 542 
 
 with phosphate 
 
 
 lithium, 
 
 594 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 319 
 
 of lime and 
 
 
 lithium effervescing 
 
 596 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 113 
 
 wild cherry, . 
 
 402 
 
 lithium elixir, . 
 
 318 
 
 hydrochlorate elix. 
 
 319 
 
 with phosphates 
 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 602 
 
 liniment, . . . 
 
 1093 
 
 compound, . 
 
 402 
 
 magnes. , granular, 
 
 600 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 657 
 
 phosphorated, . 
 
 406 
 
 magnesium solution 
 
 869 
 
 toothache cure, 
 
 1121 
 
 stronger, 
 
 398 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 Cocash, fl. extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 with wild cherry, 
 
 404 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 705 
 
 Cocculus Indicus, fl. 
 
 
 with yolk of egg, 
 
 404 
 
 potassium mixture, 
 
 626 
 
 extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 tasteless, 
 
 397 
 
 sodium, .... 
 
 757 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 992 
 
 with extract of malt, 
 
 406 
 
 Citric acid, 
 
 57 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 with glyconin. 
 
 404 
 
 acid solution, . 
 
 572 
 
 Coccus cacti, . 
 
 876 
 
 with iodine, . . 
 
 399 
 
 acid syrup, 
 
 793 
 
 lacca, .... 
 
 725 
 
 iodo-ferrated, . 
 
 1126 
 
 Citrine ointment, 
 
 9S0 
 
 Cochineal, 
 
 876 
 
 iodized, . . 399, 
 
 1126 
 
 Citronella oil, 
 
 652 
 
 compound, . 
 
 592 
 
 with lime, . . . 
 
 398 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1217 
 
 Cod liver oil and milk 
 
 . 
 
 Collodium stypticum 
 
 , 243 
 
 Compressed triturates, 872 
 
 peptonized, . 
 
 403 
 
 vesicans, 
 
 242 
 
 troches, 
 
 . 872 
 
 mixture with hypo 
 
 
 Colocynth apple, fl. ex. 474 
 
 Comptonia fluid 
 
 ext. 474 
 
 phosphites, . 
 
 405 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 445 
 
 Concentrated ext 
 
 s. . 416 
 
 mixture with phos 
 
 ■ 
 
 extract, compounc 
 
 , 445 
 
 essences, 
 
 • 409 
 
 phates, . 
 
 405 
 
 fl. ext. compound 
 
 482 
 
 extract vanilla, 
 
 . 420 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 640 
 
 solution phosphates 
 
 phosphorized, . 
 
 1126 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 compound, 
 
 • 576 
 
 soap, . . . 
 
 743 
 
 tincture, 
 
 9°3 
 
 Concentrations, 
 
 ■ 731 
 
 Coffee elixir, . 
 
 319 
 
 Colocynthin, . 
 
 732 
 
 general formula for 731 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 417 
 
 Cologne, farina, . 
 
 "57 
 
 Conderango, fl. ext., 474 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 417 
 
 floral, . . . 
 
 "57 
 
 Condensed milk, 
 
 ■ 541 
 
 fluid extract, . 41 
 
 7,473 
 
 German, 
 
 "57 
 
 Condition powders, . 1055 
 
 syrup, ... 41 
 
 7. S54 
 
 Hoyt's German, 
 
 "53 
 
 powders, 1056 to 1058 
 
 syrup, hot, 
 
 867 
 
 lavender, . 
 
 115S 
 
 Condy's fl. or solu'n, 586 
 
 Cognac essence, . 
 
 412 
 
 musk, . 
 
 1158 
 
 Cones menthol, 
 
 . 649 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 ♦ spirit, 
 
 88 
 
 Confectio laxativ 
 
 e, . 1052 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 354 
 
 spirit, French, 
 
 88 
 
 Damocratus, 
 
 • 875 
 
 Cohosh, black, fluic 
 
 I 
 
 water, . . . 
 
 770 
 
 opii, . . 
 
 . 256 
 
 extract, . . 46 
 
 0, 487 
 
 white rose. . 
 
 115S 
 
 piperis, . . 
 
 • 257 
 
 black, fl. ex. comp 
 
 , 482 
 
 Colognes and Toile 
 
 t 
 
 rosae, 
 
 • 257 
 
 black tincture, 
 
 899 
 
 waters, . 
 
 1156 
 
 tosx canina?, 
 
 • 257 
 
 black tinct. comp 
 
 . 949 
 
 Colophony, . . 6c 
 
 2, 722 
 
 rosae gallicae, 
 
 • 257 
 
 blue fluid extract 
 
 468 
 
 Color butter, . 249 
 
 , ngcT" 
 
 scammonii, 
 
 . 258 
 
 blue fl. ext. comp 
 
 482 
 
 Colored fires, . . 
 
 252 
 
 senna, . 
 
 . 258 
 
 blue tincture, . 
 
 947 
 
 Colores, 
 
 244 
 
 sulphuris, . 
 
 • 259 
 
 blue tinct. comp 
 
 949 
 
 Coloring burnt sugar 
 
 , 245 
 
 terebinthenre, 
 
 • 259 
 
 red ( baneberry ) 
 
 
 carmine, 
 
 246 
 
 Confections, . 
 
 255, 260 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 461 
 
 fustic yellow, . 
 
 248 
 
 Confection of almonds, 260 
 
 white fluid extract 
 
 461 
 
 grass-green, 
 
 248 
 
 aromatic, . 
 
 . 260 
 
 Cola, fluid extract, 
 
 469 
 
 hair, . . . 107c 
 
 , 1081 
 
 cherry laurel 1\ 
 
 s. . 256 
 
 Colchicina, . . 
 
 114 
 
 hair oil, . 
 
 "4i 
 
 hips, . . 
 
 • 257 
 
 Colchicine, . . 
 
 114 
 
 lemon-yellow, . 
 
 248 
 
 lemon, . . 
 
 . 260 
 
 Colchicum extract, 
 
 445 
 
 liquids, . . . 
 
 245 
 
 opium, . 
 
 . 258 
 
 extract acetic, . 
 
 445 
 
 liquids brown, 
 
 245 
 
 orange peel, 
 
 . 260 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 466 
 
 orange, . 
 
 249 
 
 pepper, . 
 
 • 257 
 
 root wine, . . 
 
 1000 
 
 recipes, . . 877 
 
 to 880 
 
 rose, . . 
 
 ■ 257 
 
 seed wine, . . 
 
 1001 
 
 Colorless tine, iodine 
 
 , 52i 
 
 scammony, 
 
 . 25S 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 Colors, .... 
 
 244 
 
 scurvy grass, 
 
 . 256 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 903 
 
 powders, etc., . 
 
 250 
 
 senna, . 
 
 . 258 
 
 tincture compounc 
 
 I, 95'J 
 
 show bottle, 
 
 250 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 • 259 
 
 vinegar, . . 
 
 52 
 
 Coltsfoot essence, 
 
 435 
 
 turpentine, 
 
 • 259 
 
 Colcothar, . . 
 
 
 tin id extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 Congress water, 
 
 so- 
 
 Cold cream, . . 25 
 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 lution, 
 
 . 868 
 
 Colinsonia, fl. ext., 
 
 437 
 
 Columbo, Am. fl. ext 
 
 • 474 
 
 Conhydrine, . 
 
 • "5. 
 
 Collinsonin, . . 
 
 732 
 
 elixir, 
 
 3'9 
 
 Conia, . 
 
 • "5 
 
 Collodia, . 
 
 240 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 47i 
 
 Coniine, . . 
 
 • "5 
 
 Collodion, . . 24 
 
 1,722 
 
 and rhubarb elixir 
 
 365 
 
 Conina, 
 
 • 11; 
 
 blistering, . . 
 
 242 
 
 Comfrev, tl. extract 
 
 47'' 
 
 Conine, 
 
 ■ US 
 
 cantharidal, 
 
 241 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 ,s2 4 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 • "5 
 
 with cantharides, 
 
 241 
 
 wine compound, 
 
 1014 
 
 inhalation, 
 
 • 99 f » 
 
 flexible, 
 
 243 
 
 Complexion powder 
 
 "35 
 
 Conium abstract 
 
 47 
 
 iodinal, . 
 
 243 
 
 cosmetics, . 
 
 1132 
 
 ext. alcoholic, 
 
 • 445 
 
 iodoform, . 
 
 244 
 
 < imposition powder 
 
 . 720 
 
 fruit, fluid ext 
 
 , • 471 
 
 Liebig's corn, . 
 
 244 
 
 Compound elixi 
 
 r 
 
 and iron elixir 
 
 320 
 
 styptic, . 
 
 243 
 
 phosphates, 
 
 356 
 
 s, fluid ex 
 
 t-. • 474 
 
 styptic antiseptic, 
 
 243 
 
 < ^impressed bypode 
 
 
 leaves, tincture 
 
 :. • 946 
 
 Collodions, 
 
 240 
 
 mic tablets, . 
 
 872 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 640 
 
 Colloid styptic, . 24 
 
 3, 244 
 
 lozenges, 
 
 872 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 Collodium, . . 
 
 241 
 
 powders, . . 
 
 872 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 . 825 
 
 cum cantharide, 
 
 241 
 
 pills, . . . 
 
 872 
 
 tincture, 
 
 0-1 
 
 flexile, . . . 
 
 243 
 
 tablets, . . . 
 
 -;j 
 
 1 onservedecoch 
 
 earie, 256 
 
1218 
 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 
 
 Conserves, . 255, 260 
 
 Cordial cascara, 312 
 
 , 1050 
 
 Cosmoline carbolized 
 
 969 
 
 Conserves de laurier 
 
 
 celery, . . . 
 
 1 100 
 
 Cotarine, .... 
 
 666 
 
 cerise, . . . 
 
 256 
 
 cough, . . . 
 
 1062 
 
 Coto, fluid extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 Consumption cure, 
 
 
 curacoa, 
 
 262 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 1062, 1063 
 
 1064 
 
 diuretic, 
 
 1088 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 948 
 
 Contrayerva, tinct. 
 
 948 
 
 elixir, ferriphos 
 
 
 Cotton, absorbent, . 
 
 "9<S~ 
 
 Convallaria, fl. extr. 
 
 461 
 
 phated, 
 
 360 
 
 gun, soluble, . 
 
 721 
 
 Convulvulus pandu- 
 
 
 essences or flavors 
 
 439 
 
 iodoform, . 
 
 539 
 
 ratus, fluid ext. 
 
 474 
 
 gentian, . . 
 
 263 
 
 root, fluid ext., 460, 487 
 
 scammonium, 
 
 729 
 
 malt, . . . 
 
 613 
 
 root wine, . 
 
 IOIO 
 
 Copaiba 
 
 662 
 
 mother's, . . 
 
 828 
 
 seed oil, . . . 
 
 638 
 
 balsam, 
 
 182 
 
 pain soothing, 
 
 1028 
 
 Couch grass, extract, 
 
 450 
 
 balsam, factitious, 
 
 183 
 
 tonic, health, . 
 
 1038 
 
 grass root, fl. ext. 
 
 1191 
 
 balsam, reduced, 
 
 183 
 
 Warner's gout, 
 
 936 
 
 Cough balsam, . . 
 
 1062 
 
 cerate, .... 
 
 225 
 
 Cordiales, 
 
 261 
 
 candy, .... 
 
 1067 
 
 emulsion, . . . 
 
 406 
 
 Cordials, . 
 
 261 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 1062 
 
 mass 
 
 616 
 
 Coriander essence, 
 
 412 
 
 cure, .... 
 
 1062 
 
 mixture, alkaline, 
 
 629 
 
 oil 
 
 647 
 
 drops or candy, . 
 
 1067 
 
 mixt. , Chapman's 
 
 629 
 
 seed, fluid extract 
 
 461 
 
 honey, .... 
 
 1063 
 
 oil, 
 
 647 
 
 Cork, burnt, . . 
 
 1 190 
 
 lozenges or troches, 
 
 1068 
 
 resin 
 
 723 
 
 Corks, prepared, 
 
 1 190 
 
 mixture, 
 
 1065 
 
 santal and cubeb 
 
 
 Corn, bunion anc 
 
 I 
 
 mixt., Jackson's, . 
 
 628 
 
 mixture, 
 
 629 
 
 chilblain cures 
 
 1059 
 
 mixt., Pencoast's, 
 
 629 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 S24 
 
 collodion, Liebig's, 244 
 
 mixt., terebene, . 
 
 1067 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 cure, German, 
 
 244 
 
 pills, .... 
 
 1 107 
 
 Copaivic acid, 
 
 662 
 
 ergot or smut, fl 
 
 
 remedy, . . . 
 
 1061 
 
 Copal, 
 
 725 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 476 
 
 remedy, sedative, 
 
 1066 
 
 West India, . 
 
 724 
 
 killer, . . . 
 
 1059 
 
 remedies, . . . 
 
 1061 
 
 Copeland's astrin- 
 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 1060 
 
 syrup, Jackson's, 
 
 628 
 
 gent tincture, . 
 
 949 
 
 salve-magic, . 
 
 1060 
 
 syrup, malt and 
 
 
 Copperas, . . . 
 
 509 
 
 salve-caustic, . 
 
 1059 
 
 tar, .... 
 
 612 
 
 Copper, . . . . 
 
 264 
 
 silk, fl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 troches, .... 
 
 1068 
 
 acetate, . . . 
 
 265 
 
 snakeroot, fl. ext. 
 
 469 
 
 Court plaster, 
 
 387 
 
 acetate, tincture, . 
 
 948 
 
 Cornin, 
 
 732 
 
 Coutaret's fluid, . 
 
 587 
 
 alloys of, . . . 
 
 264 
 
 Cornus, Florida, fl 
 
 
 Crab orchard salts, . 
 
 1116 
 
 ammoniated, . 
 
 266 
 
 extract, . 
 
 471 
 
 Cramp bark, fl. ext. 
 
 469 
 
 arseniate, . 
 
 266 
 
 circinata, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 Cranberry bark, fl, 
 
 
 bromide, 
 
 266 
 
 sericea, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 ext., .... 
 
 469 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 266 
 
 Corrector, heart, 
 
 1085 
 
 ether or ext., . 
 
 430 
 
 chloride, 
 
 266 
 
 Corrosive chloride 
 
 r 
 
 Cranesbill, fl. ext., .' 
 
 471 
 
 citrate 
 
 266 
 
 mercury, 
 
 526 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 nitrate, .... 
 
 265 
 
 liquid, . . . 
 
 553 
 
 Crawley, fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 oleate 
 
 658 
 
 sublimate, . 
 
 526 
 
 Cream, cleaning, 
 
 1 169 
 
 oxides 
 
 266 
 
 sublimate elixir, 
 
 320 
 
 camphor, . . . 
 
 "33 
 
 suboxide, . . . 
 
 266 
 
 sublimate ointm't 
 
 992 
 
 cocoa, .... 
 
 "43 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 265 
 
 Corsican moss syrup 
 
 822 
 
 cold, . . 22^ 
 
 , 97i 
 
 sulphate, dried, . 
 
 266 
 
 Corypha, cerefera, 
 
 468 
 
 fragrant, 
 
 "33 
 
 sulphocarbolate, . 
 
 782 
 
 Corydalin, 
 
 732 
 
 glycerin, 
 
 "95 
 
 Coptis teeta, fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 Corydalis, elixir, 
 
 320 
 
 of lilies, . . . 
 
 "33 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 946 
 
 elixir, compound 
 
 321 
 
 marshmallow, 
 
 "34 
 
 trifolia, fl. ext., . 
 
 474 
 
 fluid extract, . 46 
 
 8, 487 
 
 oriental, 
 
 1132 
 
 Copying paper, 230 
 
 1180 
 
 tincture, 
 
 94S 
 
 of roses, 
 
 1132 
 
 Coral root, fl. ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 tincture, comp. 
 
 950 
 
 syrup 
 
 855 
 
 Corallorrhiza, fl. ext. 
 
 , 468 
 
 syrup, compound 
 
 827 
 
 of tartar, . . . 
 
 703 
 
 Corboline hairgrowe 
 
 r,io84 
 
 Cosmetic, cerate, 
 
 224 
 
 of tartar, soluble, 
 
 7" 
 
 Cordial, aletris, . 
 
 1078 
 
 ices and jellies, 
 
 1 146 
 
 savonia, 
 
 "34 
 
 aniseed, 
 
 283 
 
 Cosmetics, complex 
 
 
 shaving, 
 
 "34 
 
 anisette, 
 
 440 
 
 ion, . 
 
 1132 
 
 shaving, for metal 
 
 
 aromatic, . 
 
 262 
 
 liquid, . . . ■ 
 
 1132 
 
 tubes, . . . 
 
 "34 
 
 blackberry, 
 
 1069 
 
 nail 
 
 1150 
 
 Creams, .... 
 
 "33 
 
 buckthorn, . 
 
 1049 
 
 stick, . . . 
 
 "45 
 
 Creasote, . . .26: 
 
 , 694 
 
 calisaya, 
 
 261 
 
 Cosmoline, . . 
 
 672 
 
 inhalation, . . . 
 
 996 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1219 
 
 Creasote mixture, 
 
 622 
 
 Curacoa oil, . 
 
 646 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 975 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 S55 
 
 water, . . . 
 
 167 
 
 Curcuma, fl. extract 
 
 461 
 
 Creasotum, 
 
 263 
 
 tincture, 
 
 950 
 
 Creeping huckleber 
 
 
 Curd alum, 
 
 I3S 
 
 ry, fl. ext., . 
 
 476 
 
 soap, . . . 
 
 741 
 
 Cresol, 
 
 672 
 
 Cure, cough, 
 
 1062 
 
 Cress oil, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 spavin, . 
 
 109S 
 
 Cresylic acid, 
 
 672 
 
 Cures, ague, . . 
 
 1023 
 
 Creta prneparata, 
 
 206 
 
 cholera, . . 
 
 1053 
 
 Crimson, . . . 
 
 251 
 
 corn and bunion, 
 
 1059 
 
 Crocus martis, . 
 
 512 
 
 dyspepsia, . 
 
 1070 
 
 sativus, . 
 
 904 
 
 Currant syrup, 85 
 
 0, 855 
 
 sativus, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 Curry powder, . 
 
 1191 
 
 Croton, chloral 
 
 
 Cuscus oil, 
 
 652 
 
 hydrate, . . 
 
 201 
 
 Cusparia infusion, 
 
 537 
 
 chloral- hydrate 
 
 
 Cutch, ... 72 
 
 7, 877 
 
 elixer, 
 
 321 
 
 Cyanate potassium, 
 
 711 
 
 oil 
 
 640 
 
 Cyanates, . 
 
 267 
 
 oil liniment, 
 
 544 
 
 Cyanide gold, 
 
 1 So 
 
 oil ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 694 
 
 oil plaster, . 
 
 393 
 
 mercury, . . 
 
 526 
 
 oil soap, 
 
 743 
 
 mercury ointment 
 
 . 99 2 
 
 seed tincture, . 
 
 948 
 
 nickel, . 
 
 634 
 
 tiglium, . . 
 
 640 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 705 
 
 Crvptopine, . . 
 
 666 
 
 potassium elixir, 
 
 321 
 
 Crystal, washing. 
 
 1 170 
 
 potassium ointm't 
 
 992 
 
 Cubeb, fluid extract 
 
 460 
 
 silver, . . . 
 
 172 
 
 fl. ext., etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 zinc, . . . 
 
 1020 
 
 oil 
 
 647 
 
 zinc and potassiun 
 
 1, 1021 
 
 oleoresin, . 
 
 661 
 
 Cyanides, . 
 
 267 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 Cyanic acid, . 
 
 267 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 9"5 
 
 Cyanurets, . . 
 
 267 
 
 troches, . . 
 
 962 
 
 Cyanogen, 
 
 267 
 
 and alum powder 
 
 720 
 
 Cydonium mucilage 
 
 631 
 
 and copaiba ext., 
 
 723 
 
 1 ymene, . . . 
 
 65 r 
 
 Cucumber seed oil, 
 
 642 
 
 < vmogene, . . 
 
 671 
 
 Cucumis citrullus, 11 
 
 
 ( yna oil, . 
 
 652 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 474 
 
 < ynoglossum. (1. ext 
 
 474 
 
 pepo, fluid extract 
 
 474 
 
 Cyperus articulatus 
 
 
 Cudbear, . 
 
 876 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 474 
 
 red 
 
 247 
 
 Cypripedin, . . 
 
 732 
 
 Culver's root extract 
 
 443 
 
 1 ypripedium, lluic 
 
 
 root, fluid ext , 47 
 
 2.4S7 
 
 extract, . 46 
 
 0, 487 
 
 root, tincture, . 
 
 948 
 
 
 
 Cumic aldehyd, . 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 Cummin, fl. extract 
 
 468 
 
 D 
 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 
 
 < uminum cyminum 
 
 
 1 'alia oil, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 
 Dalby's carminitim 
 
 
 Cunila mariana, 11 
 
 
 elixir, 
 
 380 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 Damiana comp, elix 
 
 . 322 
 
 Cupri acetas, . . 
 
 26S 
 
 elixir, 
 
 322 
 
 nitras, . 
 
 26S 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 *62 
 
 [phas, . . 
 
 -•"5 
 
 wine, 
 
 
 < lupric acet'e, norma 
 
 1, 265 
 
 Dandelion elixir, 
 
 322 
 
 acetates, basic, . 
 
 26j 
 
 elixir compound, 
 
 
 Cuprous oxide, . 
 
 266 
 
 extract, . 
 
 
 Cuprum, . 
 
 2<>4 
 
 extract liquid, 
 
 ■\1') 
 
 a, sordial, 
 
 262 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 
 elixir 
 
 262 
 
 fluid (.■St. comp. 
 
 !-< 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 412 
 
 juice, 
 
 77'' 
 
 Dandelion and rhub- 
 arb, fl. ext. . 482 
 and sarsap. fl. ext. 
 and senna fl. ext. 4S3 
 syrup, .... S25 
 Darby's prophylactic 
 
 fluid, . . . 5S7 
 
 Daturia 115 
 
 Datura stramonium, 
 
 fluid extract, . 4S7 
 
 syrup 82 5 
 
 Daturina, . . . 115 
 
 Daturine 11; 
 
 sulphate, . . . 115 
 
 Decocta 267 
 
 Decoction, . . 33, 267 
 aloes, compound, 
 cetraria, . . . 26S 
 cinchona, . . . 270 
 pomegranate bark, 270 
 sarsaparilla comp. 269 
 Decoctions, . . . 269 
 other, .... 270 
 by water-bath per- 
 colation, . . 26S 
 Decoctum aloes com- 
 
 positum, . . 269 
 
 cetrariaj, . . . 268 
 
 cinchona', . . . 270 
 
 granati radicis, . 270 
 
 sarsaparilla.* com- 
 
 positum, . 269 
 
 Delphina, fluid ext. 46] 
 
 Delphinum, tincture, 946 
 
 I >emar resin, . . . 723 
 
 Denarcotised opium, 663 
 
 Dentifrices . . .1136 
 
 Deodorized tincture 
 
 opium, . . . 929 
 
 Depilatory liquid, . 1141 
 
 paste 114.. 
 
 powder, . . .1141 
 
 Depilatories, ... 1 140 
 I lesiaurier's elixir. . 
 Destillat.e, . . 
 I distillates, . . . 
 
 I >etannating elixirs, 2 B( 1 
 1 »euteropine, 
 
 I teutoxide of nitrogen, 635 
 1 lewee's carminativ* . 
 
 tincture guaiac, . 912 
 DeWessely's disin- 
 fecting solution, 587 
 
 : 1 . . . [52,27] 
 
 mucilage, . 271, 1166 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 Dextrinum, . . . --71 
 
 '"'■. • • 735 
 
 1 ii tro-quinine, . 1 -.'•) 
 1 lextrose, . . =1 
 
 I liachylon ointment, ■.:'■ 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
1220 
 
 I >ialysatx\ 
 
 272 
 
 Disinfectant solution 
 
 
 Duboisia fl. extract, 
 
 468 
 
 Dialysate of aconite 
 
 273 
 
 Le Doyen's, 
 
 537 
 
 Duboisine, 
 
 115 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 273 
 
 Disinfecting fluid, 
 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 116 
 
 Dialysates, . . 
 
 272 
 
 Mattenheimer's, 
 
 537 
 
 Duffy's elixir, 
 
 33i 
 
 Dialysed iron, . 
 
 272 
 
 solutions, . . . 
 
 586 
 
 Dugong oil, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 323 
 
 solu., DeWessely's 
 
 587 
 
 Dulcamara, fl. ext. 
 
 
 iron in scales, 
 
 272 
 
 solution, Farwell's 
 
 587 
 
 .... 47] 
 
 . 474 
 
 iron solution, . 
 
 554 
 
 solution, Monsell's, 
 
 537 
 
 syrup 
 
 823 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 840 
 
 solution, Seeley's, 
 
 537 
 
 Dulcietose, . 51; 
 
 . 735 
 
 Dialysis, . . . 
 
 24 
 
 Disulphide of carbon 
 
 212 
 
 Dulcit, . . . ." 
 
 735 
 
 Diamides, . . 
 
 142 
 
 Distillation, . . . 
 
 26 
 
 Dutch liquid, . 80, 8< 
 
 Diamines, 
 
 143 
 
 Distilled ext. buchu, 
 
 452 
 
 metal, .... 
 
 264 
 
 Diamond, . 
 
 210 
 
 ext. wild cherry, 
 
 452 
 
 Dwarf elder, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 Diamond cement, 
 
 1 163 
 
 ext. witch hazel, . 
 
 452 
 
 Dye, hair, black, 
 
 
 Diapente powder, 
 
 721 
 
 extracts, . . . 
 
 451 
 
 .... 1079, 
 
 1080 
 
 Diarrhcea mixture, 
 
 951 
 
 water, .... 
 
 167 
 
 hair, brown, 
 
 1080 
 
 mixture, Gould's, 
 
 629 
 
 Dita bark, fl. ext. . 
 
 461 
 
 hair, lightning, 
 
 
 mixture, Squibb's 
 
 629 
 
 Dittany, Am., fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 .... 1079, 
 
 1080 
 
 mixt., Velpeau's, 
 
 629 
 
 Dobell's solution, . 
 
 587 
 
 lac, 
 
 S77 
 
 remedies, . 
 
 1068 
 
 Dock, yellow, fl. ext. 
 
 472 
 
 Dyeing extracts, 
 
 877 
 
 tablets, . . . 
 
 1070 
 
 Dogwood, fluid ext. 
 
 47i 
 
 Dyes, aniline, . . 
 
 154 
 
 Diastase, . 87, 27 
 
 2, 604 
 
 Jamaica, fl. ext. . 
 
 469 
 
 Dyes, 
 
 875 
 
 Diborocitrate lithiur 
 
 n, 595 
 
 swamp, fluid ext. 
 
 474 
 
 hair, . . 1079, 
 
 1141 
 
 Dichloride chromiun 
 
 1. 239 
 
 Don't care syrup, 
 
 S55 
 
 Dynamite, 
 
 5i6 
 
 Digestive dyspepsk 
 
 i 
 
 Donovan's elixir, 
 
 285 
 
 1 )ysentery remedies, 
 
 1068 
 
 remedy, . 
 
 1072 
 
 solution, 
 
 55° 
 
 Dyspepsia cures, 
 
 1070 
 
 Digitalin, . 
 
 732 
 
 Dorema Ammoniacun 
 
 ,728 
 
 lozenges, . . . 
 
 1072 
 
 Digitalis, abstract, 
 
 47 
 
 Double refined rock 
 
 
 remedy, 
 
 1071 
 
 elixir, 
 
 323 
 
 candy syrup, . . 
 
 84S 
 
 tonic, .... 
 
 1071 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 446 
 
 Dover's elixir, . . 
 
 337 
 
 tablets, .... 
 
 1072 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 467 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 950 
 
 
 
 fluid ext., acetic. 
 
 4S8 
 
 powder, . . 
 
 717 
 
 
 
 fl. ext., etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 828 
 
 E 
 
 
 infusion, . 53 
 
 5, 537 
 
 tincture, 
 
 917 
 
 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 640 
 
 Dracontium, fl. ext. 
 
 468 
 
 Earth's alkaline, . 
 
 . 98 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 824 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 Earth wax, 
 
 216 
 
 tincture, 
 
 905 
 
 Dragon's blood, 
 
 725 
 
 Easton's syrup, . 
 
 802 
 
 vinegar, 
 
 53 
 
 Draught, black, 536 
 
 627 
 
 Eau 
 
 453 
 
 Dill essence, . . 
 
 412 
 
 black, British, 
 
 627 
 
 Angelique, . . 
 
 "37 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 46S 
 
 . Vienna, . . . 
 
 536 
 
 de botot, . . . 
 
 1 140 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 641 
 
 Dr. De la Motte's 
 
 
 de Cologne, . . 
 
 1162 
 
 water, . . . 
 
 164 
 
 golden drops, . 
 
 33i 
 
 de javelle, 567 to 588 
 
 Dinitro-cellulin, . 
 
 722 
 
 Driers, pill, . 
 
 67S 
 
 de lavande, 
 
 1162 
 
 Dioscorin, 
 
 732 
 
 Drop, black, British, 
 
 54 
 
 de luce, 
 
 948 
 
 Dioscorea, fl. ext. 
 
 461 
 
 Drops, Bateman's pec 
 
 
 de violette, . . 
 
 1162 
 
 Diospyros, fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 toral 
 
 1 106 
 
 Eaux, 
 
 161 
 
 Dioxide of carbon, 
 
 213 
 
 cholera, . . . 
 
 1055 
 
 Eclectic extracts, 
 
 73i 
 
 manganese, 
 
 614 
 
 cough, .... 
 
 1067 
 
 Eclectic powders, . 
 
 731 
 
 Dipterix, fl. ext. 
 
 461 
 
 Hamburger, . 
 
 1126 
 
 Economy in perco- 
 
 
 Dipterocarpus turbi 
 
 
 hop, . " . . ' . 
 
 95i 
 
 lating, . . . 
 
 39 
 
 natus, . . 
 
 
 Hunn's life, . . 
 
 1127 
 
 Ecuelle, the . 
 
 644 
 
 Dippell's acid elix. 
 
 380 
 
 Russian cholera, . 
 
 1054 
 
 Effervescing, citrate 
 
 
 animal oil, . 
 
 641 
 
 Thielmann's chol- 
 
 
 of lithium, . 
 
 596 
 
 Dirca palustris, fluic 
 
 1 
 
 era, .... 
 
 1055 
 
 citro-tartrate of 
 
 
 extract, . 
 
 • 474 
 
 Drosera,fl. ext. . 
 
 461 
 
 sodium, . . . 
 
 75i 
 
 Discovery, medical, 
 
 1112 
 
 Drugs, animal, . . 
 
 23 
 
 powders, . 71310714 
 
 Discs, .... 
 
 542 
 
 difficult to percolate 
 
 , 38 
 
 powders, aperient, 
 
 715 
 
 atropine, . . 
 
 542 
 
 mineral, 
 
 17 
 
 solution of lithia. 
 
 560 
 
 cocaine, 
 
 542 
 
 vegetable, . 
 
 19 
 
 solution of potash, 
 
 565 
 
 physostigmine, 
 
 . 542 
 
 Drymy's winteria, fl. 
 
 
 Egg albumen, . . 
 
 83 
 
 Disinfectant solutioi 
 
 1, 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 food, .... 
 
 1058 
 
 Girondin, . 
 
 537 
 
 Duboisia, .... 
 
 "5 
 
 nogg, .... 
 
 627 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1221 
 
 Egg nogg, syrup, . 
 
 856 
 
 Elixir arsenic and 
 
 
 Elixir calisaya, 297 
 
 298 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 993 
 
 iodide mercury, 
 
 285 
 
 with beef ext., . 
 
 307 
 
 phosphate, hot, . 
 
 867 
 
 arse'e and strych'e, 
 
 2S5 
 
 beef and iron, . 
 
 307 
 
 phosphate, shake, 
 
 866 
 
 asafetida, . . . 
 
 2S5 
 
 and bismuth, . 
 
 297 
 
 Egyptian ointment, 
 
 993 
 
 atropine, 
 
 2S6 
 
 bismuth and pep- 
 
 
 Elceo, succhara, . . 
 
 735 
 
 aurantii, 
 
 347 
 
 sin, . . . 
 
 307 
 
 Elaterin 
 
 274 
 
 bark and iron, 
 
 302 
 
 bismuth and 
 
 
 powd'r compound, 
 
 716 
 
 beef 
 
 2M 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 299 
 
 trituration, 
 
 957 
 
 beef and iron, 
 
 2S6 
 
 with citrate of iron 
 
 ,300 
 
 Elaterium, 
 
 274 
 
 beef, iron and cin- 
 
 
 citrate of iron 
 
 
 Elder, dwarf, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 chona, . . ■ . 
 
 2S7 
 
 and bismuth. 
 
 300 
 
 flowers, fl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 287 
 
 citrate of iron, 
 
 
 flower, ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 berberine, . 
 
 287 
 
 bismuth and 
 
 
 flower, water, . . 
 
 T 7 J 
 
 berberine and iron, 
 
 2SS 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 301 
 
 oil, . . . 640 to 652 
 
 berberine, bismuth 
 
 
 detannated, 
 
 297 
 
 ointment, green, . 
 
 992 
 
 and iron, 
 
 2SS 
 
 ferrated, . . 
 
 300 
 
 Elecampane, ext., . 
 
 447 
 
 bichloride merc'y, 
 
 320 
 
 ferrated with bis- 
 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 469 
 
 bismuth, . . . 
 
 
 muth, . 
 
 300 
 
 Electic, active prin- 
 
 
 bismuth, berberine 
 
 
 ferrated with bis- 
 
 
 ciples, . . . 
 
 731 
 
 and iron, . . 
 
 23S 
 
 muth and 
 
 
 Electrified air, . . 
 
 667 
 
 bism.andcalisaya, 
 
 299 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 301 
 
 Electric liniment, 
 
 1093 
 
 bismuth, calisaya 
 
 
 ferrated with 
 
 
 oil, 
 
 1096 
 
 and iron, 
 
 300 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 301 
 
 Electron 
 
 724 
 
 bismuth, calisaya 
 
 
 ferriphosphated, 
 
 302 
 
 Electuaire theriaque, 
 
 875 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 299 
 
 ferriphosphated 
 
 
 Elements, chemical, 
 
 18 
 
 bismuth and iron, 
 
 2S9 
 
 with pepsin, . 
 
 302 
 
 Element'y subst'nees 
 
 IS 
 
 bismuth, iron and 
 
 
 ferriphosp. with 
 
 
 Elemi, 
 
 663 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 289 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 303 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 bismuth, pepsin 
 
 
 ferriphosp. with 
 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 976 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 364 
 
 pepsin and 
 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
 393 
 
 bism. and strych. 
 
 2S9 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 303 
 
 Elephantopus.tl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 bismuth, strychn'e 
 
 
 ferrophosphorat- 
 
 
 Elephants' foot, fluid 
 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 364 
 
 ed with strych. 
 
 300 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 bisulphate quinine, 
 
 364 
 
 ferrophosphorat- 
 
 
 Electuaries, . 25510260 
 
 bitter, . . . 290 
 
 380 
 
 ed with bismu. 
 
 3' >-l 
 
 Elixiria, .... 
 
 2 74 
 
 blackberry, 
 
 290 
 
 ferrophosphora'd 
 
 304 
 
 Elixirs, . . 274, 
 
 1072 
 
 black cohosh, . . 
 
 290 
 
 with hypophos- 
 
 
 Elixirs, acid, . . . 
 
 380 
 
 black cohosh, comp 
 
 291 
 
 phites comp. 
 
 30S 
 
 Dippell's, . . . 
 
 380 
 
 bromide amnion. . 
 
 291 
 
 and iron, 
 
 302 
 
 Haller's, . . . 
 
 380 
 
 calcium, . 
 
 292 
 
 and iron, with 
 
 
 Vomer's, 
 
 380 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 292 
 
 beef extract, 
 
 307 
 
 Elixir acetate of po- 
 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 293 
 
 ami iron, with 
 
 
 tassium, . 
 
 282 
 
 potassium. . 
 
 
 bismuth, . . 
 
 300 
 
 aconite 
 
 282 
 
 potass, comp. . 
 
 294 
 
 iron, bismuth 
 
 
 adjuvans, . . . 
 
 282 
 
 potassium and 
 
 
 ami beef, 
 
 307 
 
 album, . . 274 
 
 , 3^-7 
 
 hydrate chloral 
 
 294 
 
 iron and bismu.. 
 
 
 aloes, .... 
 
 380 
 
 quinine, . 
 
 
 with bi 
 
 307 
 
 alterative, . 
 
 10S7 
 
 sodium, . 
 
 295 
 
 iron and bismu.. 
 
 
 amarum, . . 290 
 
 . 380 
 
 iodide calcium 
 
 
 with lactopep- 
 
 
 ammon'm bromide. 
 
 29] 
 
 compound, . 
 
 292 
 
 tine. 
 
 
 anise 
 
 283 
 
 buchu 
 
 295 
 
 iron, bismu. and 
 
 
 anodyne, . 
 
 
 compound, . 
 
 2<,'> 
 
 pepsin, . . 
 
 
 antiasthm.r 
 
 380 
 
 juniper and ace- 
 
 
 iron, bismu. and 
 
 
 antiasthmai 
 
 
 tate p 
 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 305 
 
 baaves, . . . 
 
 380 
 
 Pareira Brava, . 
 
 
 iron, bismuth, 
 
 
 antifebrin, . 
 
 
 buckthorn. 
 
 325 
 
 strychnine and 
 
 
 antigoutteuxde vil- 
 
 
 butyl chloral, . . 
 
 |1 t 
 
 pepsin, . . 
 
 306 
 
 lette, .... 
 
 380 
 
 butyl chloral hy- 
 
 
 and iron, with 
 
 
 antipyrin, . . . 
 
 284 
 
 . . ' . 
 
 321 
 
 lactopeptine, 
 
 308 
 
 antiscrofuleox, 
 
 950 
 
 caffeine citrate, 
 
 317 
 
 iron and pepsin, 
 
 302 
 
 aromatic, . . 280 
 
 , 284 
 
 ( ah iuni bromide, 
 
 2.|2 
 
 iron, pepsin and 
 
 
 arsenii ..... 
 
 285 
 
 calcium hypophos. 
 
 335 
 
 Btrychnine, . 
 
 303 
 
1222 
 
 Elixir calisaya iron 
 and strychnine, . 303 
 iron and strych. 303 
 iron and strych. 301 
 iron and strych., 
 with extract of 
 beef, . . . 308 
 iron and strych. , 
 with lactopep- 
 tine, . . . 309 
 with lactopept'e, 30S 
 withlactopept'e, 308 
 with lactophos- 
 phate of cal- 
 cium, . . . 309 
 with lactophos- 
 
 phates comp. 310 
 with lactophos- 
 
 phate of lime, 309 
 and pepsin, . . 306 
 and phosphate 
 
 of iron, . . 302 
 with phosphates 
 
 compound, . 310 
 with protoxide 
 
 of iron, . . 310 
 and pyrophos- 
 phate of iron, 304 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 iron and bism., 304 
 pyrophosphate of 
 iron, bismuth 
 and strychn'e, 306 
 pyrophosphate of 
 iron, bismuth 
 and pepsin, . 306 
 pyrophosphate of 
 iron, bismuth 
 and strychni'e, 
 with pepsin, . 306 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 iron and strych. 305 
 with tinct. chlor- 
 ide of iron, . 311 
 camphor monobro- 
 mated, . . . 311 
 capsicum, . . . 311 
 carminat'e, Dalby's, 380 
 cascara sagrada, . 312 
 cathartic, . 312, 313 
 cathartic or laxat'e, 313 
 celery compound, 313 
 celery and guara'na, 333 
 chloral, . . . . 314 
 chloral hydrate, . 314 
 chloral hydrate and 
 
 potass, bromide, 294 
 chlorate of potass. 314 
 chloride of ammo- 
 nium, . . . 314 
 chloride of iron and 
 
 Elixir chloride of iron, 
 tasteless, 
 
 chloride of propy- 
 amine, . 
 
 chloroform, . . 
 
 cincho-quinine, . 
 
 cinchona, . 297, 
 
 cinchona, ferrated, 
 
 cinchona, ferrated 
 with bismuth, . 
 
 cinchona, ferrated 
 with bismu. and 
 strychnine, . 
 
 cinchonidia, 
 
 cinchonidine, . 
 
 cinchonidine and 
 iron 
 
 cinchonidine, iron 
 and arsenic, 
 
 cinchonidine, iron 
 and strychnine, 
 
 cimicifuga, 
 
 citrate caffeine, 
 
 citrate iron, 
 
 citrate iron and 
 calisaya, . 
 
 citrate iron and 
 quinine, . 
 
 citrate iron, qui- 
 nine and strych- 
 nine, .... 
 
 citrate iron and 
 strychnine, . 
 
 citrate lithium, 
 
 Claude's, . . 
 
 coca, 
 
 cocaine, 
 
 coffee, . . . 
 
 cohosh, black, 
 
 cohosh, bl'k comp 
 
 columbo, 
 
 columbo and rhu 
 barb, . 
 
 columbo, rhubarb 
 and iron, 
 
 conium and iron, 
 
 cordial, . . . 
 
 corrosive s u b 1 i 
 mate, 
 
 corydalis, . 
 
 corydalis, comp. 
 
 croton-chloral hy 
 drate, 
 
 curacoa, 
 
 cyanide potassium 
 
 damiana, . 
 
 damiana comp 
 
 dandelion, . 
 
 dandeli'ncomp. 32 
 
 de garus, . 
 
 Deslaurier's, 
 
 detannating, 
 
 3M 
 
 359 
 315 
 317 
 298 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 301 
 
 315 
 315 
 
 316 
 
 316 
 
 316 
 290 
 317 
 317 
 
 300 
 317 
 
 3iS 
 
 3i8 
 
 318 
 380 
 324 
 319 
 319 
 290 
 291 
 319 
 
 365 
 
 365 
 320 
 280 
 
 320 
 320 
 321 
 
 321 
 262 
 321 
 322 
 322 
 322 
 37i 
 38i 
 380 
 280 
 
 Elixir digitalis, . . 323 
 dialysed iron, . . 323 
 Dover's, . . . 337 
 Duffy's, . . . 381 
 
 ergot 324 
 
 erythroxylon, . . 324 
 e succo liquiritioe, 381 
 eucalyptus, . . 324 
 eucalyptus, comp. 325 
 euonymus, . . 325 
 ferrated cordial, . 304 
 ferridialysati, . . 323 
 ferriphosphated 
 
 cordial, . . . 360 
 flavoring, . . . 275 
 flavoring, soluble, 277 
 frangula, . . . 325 
 from fluid extracts, 279 
 gentian, . . . 326 
 gentian and bis- 
 muth, . . . 327 
 gentian and citrate 
 
 of iron, . . . 327 
 gentian, chlo. iron 
 
 with quinine, . 331 
 gentian, chlo. iron, 
 quinine and 
 strychnine, . . 331 
 gentian, ferrated, 327 
 gentian, ferrophos- 
 phated with 
 strychnine, . . 329 
 gentian, ferriphos- 
 
 phorated, . . 329 
 gentian, ferrophos- 
 
 phorated, . . 329 
 gentian, iron and 
 
 bismuth, . . 328 
 gentian, iron, bis- 
 muth and strych- 
 nine 328 
 
 gentian, iron and 
 
 strychnine, . . 328 
 gentian and phos- 
 phate iron, . . 329 
 gentian, phosphate 
 
 iron and strych. , 329 
 gentian and pyro- 
 phosphate iron, 329 
 gentian and strych- 
 nine 320 
 
 gentian, strychnine 
 
 and bismuth, . 330 
 gentian, with tinc- 
 ture chlo. iron, 330 
 with quinine, . 331 
 with quinine and 
 strychnine. . 331 
 gentian and tinc- 
 ture chlor. iron 
 with lactopep- 
 tine 332 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1223 
 
 Elixir gelsemium, . 
 
 326 
 
 Elixir iron protox. and 
 
 
 Elixir matico, comp., 
 
 345 
 
 ginger, .... 
 
 332 
 
 iodide calcium, . 
 
 359 
 
 May apple, . . 
 
 345 
 
 glycyrrhiza, 
 
 342 
 
 protoxide and io- 
 
 
 mono- bromated 
 
 
 glycyrrhiza, comp. 
 
 343 
 
 dide potass. . 
 
 360 
 
 camphor comp., 
 
 346 
 
 gold, .... 
 
 38J 
 
 protox. and qui- 
 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 340 
 
 golden seal, 
 
 334 
 
 nine, . 
 
 360 
 
 morphine bromide, 
 
 293 
 
 gout 
 
 3S0 
 
 protox. quinine 
 
 
 muriate of ammo. 
 
 314 
 
 grindelia robusta, 
 
 332 
 
 and strych. . 
 
 360 
 
 muriate of iron, 
 
 
 guarana, 
 
 332 
 
 pyrophos. and 
 
 
 tasteless. 
 
 314 
 
 guarana and cel- 
 
 
 quinine, . 
 
 362 
 
 musk root, . 
 
 371 
 
 ery 
 
 333 
 
 pyrophos. and 
 
 
 musk root. comp. 
 
 371 
 
 health, .... 
 
 33i 
 
 quin. (neutral) 
 
 361 
 
 nervine, 
 
 1099 
 
 helonias, comp. . 
 
 333 
 
 pyrophos. quin. 
 
 
 nervine, sedative, 
 
 IIOO 
 
 henbane, 
 
 335 
 
 and arsenic, . 
 
 363 
 
 neutralizing, . 
 
 366 
 
 hops 
 
 333 
 
 pyrophos. quin. 
 
 
 nux vomica, . . 
 
 346 
 
 humulus, 
 
 333 
 
 and strych. 
 
 
 opium 
 
 347 
 
 hydrastis, . 
 
 334 
 
 (neutral) . 
 
 361 
 
 opium deodorized. 
 
 347 
 
 hydrastis and bis- 
 
 
 pyrophos. , quin. 
 
 
 opium and ipecac, 
 
 337 
 
 muth, . . . 
 
 335 
 
 and strych. 
 
 363 
 
 opium, McMunn's, 
 
 347 
 
 hydrastis, ferri- 
 
 
 quin. and pepsin, 
 
 354 
 
 orange, .... 
 
 347 
 
 phosphated, 
 
 334 
 
 quin., pepsin and 
 
 
 orange comp., 34S 
 
 38i 
 
 hydrastis and iron, 
 
 334 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 355 
 
 pancreatin, 
 
 343 
 
 hydrastis. iron and 
 
 
 strych. and pep. 
 
 353 
 
 pancreatin and 
 
 
 bismuth, . . 
 
 334 
 
 quin., strych. and 
 
 
 pepsin. . . . 
 
 349 
 
 hydrastis, iron and 
 
 
 phosphorous, 
 
 35S 
 
 pancreatin, pepsin 
 
 
 strychnine, . . 
 
 335 
 
 jaborandi, . 
 
 338 
 
 and bismuth, . 
 
 349 
 
 hydrate chloral and 
 
 
 juniper berries, . 
 
 338 
 
 paraldeffyd, 
 
 349 
 
 bromide potas- 
 
 
 juniper, buchu and 
 
 
 paregoric, . . . 
 
 928 
 
 sium. 
 
 294 
 
 acetate potass. . 
 
 296 
 
 Pareira brava, 
 
 350 
 
 hydrochlorate co- 
 
 
 kairine, .... 
 
 338 
 
 Pareira brava and 
 
 
 caine, 
 
 319 
 
 lactate iron, 
 
 339 
 
 buchu, 
 
 296 
 
 hyoscyamus, . . 
 
 335 
 
 lactate iron and 
 
 
 pectoral, 
 
 38r 
 
 hypophosphite cal- 
 
 
 pepsin, . 
 
 339 
 
 pepsin, . . 350 to 35 
 
 cium, 
 
 335 
 
 lactic acid and pep- 
 
 
 pepsin and bis- 
 
 
 hypophosphite iron 
 
 336 
 
 sin 
 
 353 
 
 muth. 
 
 35i 
 
 hypophosph. comp. 
 
 336 
 
 lactopeptine, . . 
 
 339 
 
 pepsin, bismuth 
 
 
 hypophos. sodium, 
 
 336 
 
 lactopeptine, bism. 
 
 
 and iron, 
 
 352 
 
 ignatia 
 
 336 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 340 
 
 pepsin, bismuth, 
 
 
 iodide calcium, . 
 
 336 
 
 lactopep. and bism. 
 
 340 
 
 iron and strych. 
 
 352 
 
 iodide iron tasteless 
 
 337 
 
 lactophos. calcium, 
 
 340 
 
 pepsin, bismuth 
 
 
 iodide potassium, 
 
 337 
 
 lactophos. calcium, 
 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 364 
 
 iodides and bro- 
 
 
 and iron, . . 
 
 340 
 
 pepsin, bismuth 
 
 
 mides comp. 
 
 1088 
 
 lactophos. calcium 
 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 352 
 
 iodo bromide cal- 
 
 
 with pepsin, 
 
 34i 
 
 pepsin and iron, . 
 
 353 
 
 cium compound, 
 
 1088 
 
 lactophosph. lime, 
 
 340 
 
 pepsin, iron and 
 
 
 iodo bromide cal- 
 
 
 lactucarium, . 
 
 342 
 
 strychnine, . . 
 
 353 
 
 cium compound, 
 
 292 
 
 laxative, 
 
 34i 
 
 pepsin and lactic 
 
 
 ipecac 
 
 327 
 
 laxative or cathar- 
 
 
 acid 
 
 353 
 
 ipecac and opium, 
 
 327 
 
 tic, . . 313, 
 
 1049 
 
 pepsin, other, . 
 
 355 
 
 iron and bismuth, 
 
 289 
 
 leptandra, . 
 
 342 
 
 pepsin and p 
 
 35S 
 
 bromide, . . 
 
 2<;2 
 
 liquorice, . 
 
 342 
 
 pepsin and quinine 
 
 354 
 
 bism. and strych. 
 
 28(j 
 
 liquorice comp. 
 
 343 
 
 pepsin, t c|uinin<- 
 
 
 and calisaya, 
 
 302 
 
 long life, . . . 
 
 38l 
 
 and iron. 
 
 
 calisaya and bis. 
 
 300 
 
 adlongam vitam, . 
 
 884 
 
 pepsin, quinine, 
 
 
 calisaya, bismuth 
 
 
 lupulin, . . 
 
 343 
 
 iron ami stiyi Q. 
 
 355 
 
 and strych. . 
 
 301 
 
 magnesia and 
 
 
 pepsin, quinine 
 
 
 calis. and pepsin, 
 
 302 
 
 rhubarb, 
 
 366 
 
 .iml strychnine, 
 
 354 
 
 calis. and strych- 
 
 
 malt 
 
 344 
 
 pepsin and strych. 
 
 355 
 
 nine, . . 301 
 
 , 303 
 
 malt and iron, 
 
 344 
 
 pepsin and wafer 
 
 
 and pepsin, . 
 
 353 
 
 malt with bypoph's, 
 
 344 
 
 asli 
 
 355 
 
 phos., quinine 
 
 
 mandrake. . 
 
 J45 
 
 percolating men- 
 
 
 and strychnine 
 
 357 
 
 mandrake, comp., 
 
 345 
 
 struum, . 
 
 277 
 
1224 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Elixir Peruvian bark 
 
 
 Elixir pyrophosphate 
 
 
 Elixir tartar emetic, 
 
 372 
 
 with protoxide of 
 
 
 of iron, quinine 
 
 
 tonic, .... 
 
 38i 
 
 iron 
 
 310 
 
 and strych. (neu- 
 
 
 tonifebrifuge quin- 
 
 
 phosphate of cal- 
 
 
 tral) 
 
 361 
 
 quinia et caffe. . 
 
 380 
 
 cium, 
 
 356 
 
 quinine, 
 
 363 
 
 tonique, antiglair- 
 
 
 phosphate of iron, 
 
 356 
 
 quinine, bismuth 
 
 
 eux, .... 
 
 38r 
 
 phosphate of iron 
 
 
 and pepsin, 
 
 364 
 
 valerian, 
 
 372 
 
 and quinine, 356 
 
 361 
 
 quinine, bismuth 
 
 
 valerianate ammo- 
 
 
 phosphate of iron, 
 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 364 
 
 nium, 
 
 373 
 
 quin. and strych- 
 
 
 quinine bisulphate, 
 
 364 
 
 valerianate amm. 
 
 
 nine . . 359 
 
 361 
 
 quinine bromide, . 
 
 295 
 
 with chl. hyd. 
 
 373 
 
 phosphate of lime, 
 
 356 
 
 quinine and pepsin, 
 
 354 
 
 valerianate amm. 
 
 
 quinine, . 
 
 364 
 
 quinine, pepsin and 
 
 
 and iron, . . 
 
 374 
 
 quinine and iron, 
 
 356 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 354 
 
 valerianate amm. 
 
 
 phosphates comp., 
 
 356 
 
 quinine, pepsin, 
 
 
 and morphine, . 
 
 374 
 
 phosphoric acid, . 
 
 357 
 
 iron and strych. 
 
 355 
 
 valerianate amm. 
 
 
 phosphorus 
 
 358 
 
 quinine, pepsin 
 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 374 
 
 compound, . 
 
 353 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 354 
 
 valerianate amm. 
 
 
 and nux vomica, 
 
 358 
 
 quinine phosphate, 
 
 364 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 375 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 red 
 
 307 
 
 valerianate iron, . 
 
 375 
 
 strychnine, .. 
 
 358 
 
 rheumatic, . . . 
 
 1 109 
 
 valerianate mor- 
 
 
 pilocarpus, . 
 
 338 
 
 rhubarb, . . . 
 
 365 
 
 phine, 
 
 375 
 
 pink root compound 
 
 359 
 
 rhub. and columbo 
 
 365 
 
 valerianate q u i - 
 
 
 podophyllum, . . 
 
 345 
 
 rhubarb, columbo 
 
 
 nine 
 
 375 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 345 
 
 and iron, 
 
 365 
 
 valerianate strych. 
 
 376 
 
 potassium bromide, 
 
 293 
 
 rhubarb and potas- 
 
 
 valerianate zinc, . 
 
 376 
 
 bromide comp., 
 
 294 
 
 sium, 
 
 366 
 
 veratrum viride, . 
 
 376 
 
 bromide and chlo- 
 
 
 rhubarb and mag- 
 
 
 vicerale, Hoffman- 
 
 
 ral hydrate, . 
 
 294 
 
 nesia, 
 
 366 
 
 ni, . . 348 
 
 38i 
 
 cyanide, . 
 
 321 
 
 roborans, . 381 
 
 902 
 
 viceral, Boer- 
 
 
 proprietatis, 
 
 884 
 
 rubrum, . 274 
 
 367 
 
 haave's, . 
 
 380 
 
 propylamine, . 
 
 359 
 
 salicylate propyla- 
 
 
 vitriol, .... 
 
 73 
 
 propylamine sali- 
 
 
 mine, 
 
 367 
 
 wahoo, .... 
 
 325 
 
 clyate, 
 
 367 
 
 salicylate sodium, 
 
 367 
 
 wild cherry, 
 
 376 
 
 protoxide of iron, 
 
 359 
 
 salicin, .... 
 
 367 
 
 wild cherry, comp. 
 
 373 
 
 protoxide of iron 
 
 
 salicylic acid, . . 
 
 368 
 
 wild cherry, detan- 
 
 
 and iodide of 
 
 
 salutis, . . 381 
 
 939 
 
 nated, . . . 
 
 376 
 
 calcium, . 
 
 359 
 
 santonin, . . . 
 
 368 
 
 wild cherry, fer- 
 
 
 protoxide of iron 
 
 
 sarsaparilla, comp. 
 
 368 
 
 rated, 
 
 377 
 
 and iodide of 
 
 
 scilla, compound, 
 
 3§9 
 
 wild cherry, ferro- 
 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 360 
 
 sedative, 
 
 294 
 
 phosphated, 
 
 378 
 
 protoxide of iron 
 
 
 senna, .... 
 
 369 
 
 wild cherry, ferri- 
 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 360 
 
 senna, compound, 
 
 369 
 
 phosphated, 
 
 377 
 
 protoxide of iron, 
 
 
 simple 
 
 2S0 
 
 yellow jasmine, . 
 
 326 
 
 quinine and 
 
 
 sodium bromide, . 
 
 295 
 
 yerba santa, . . 
 
 373 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 360 
 
 squill, compound, 
 
 369 
 
 yerba santa, comp. 
 
 379 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 stillingia, . 
 
 37o 
 
 Elixirs requiring per- 
 
 
 iron 
 
 360 
 
 stillingia, comp. . 
 
 37o 
 
 colation, 
 
 278 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 Stoughton's, . 
 
 381 
 
 with salts in solu- 
 
 
 iron and cincho- 
 
 
 strychnine, 
 
 370 
 
 tion 
 
 279 
 
 nidine, . 
 
 362 
 
 strychnine and bis- 
 
 
 Elm mucilage, . . 
 
 633 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 muth, . . . 
 
 2S9 
 
 slippery, fluid ext. 
 
 476 
 
 iron and quinine, 
 
 262 
 
 strychnine and pep- 
 
 
 Embalming fluids, . 
 
 569 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 sin, .... 
 
 355 
 
 Emetia 
 
 116 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 sumbul, . . . 
 
 37i 
 
 Emetic, acetous, 
 
 949 
 
 arsenic, . . . 
 
 363 
 
 sumbul, comp. 
 
 371 
 
 tartar 
 
 156 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 svapnia, 
 
 37i 
 
 Emetina, .... 
 
 116 
 
 iron and quinine 
 
 
 taraxacum, . . 
 
 322 
 
 Emetina ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 (neutral), 
 
 361 
 
 taraxacum, com- 
 
 
 Emetine, .... 
 
 116 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 pound, . 322 
 
 371 
 
 Emetinia, .... 
 
 116 
 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 
 tartrate antimony 
 
 
 Emollient cataplasm, 
 
 75S 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 363 
 
 and potassium, 
 
 372 
 
 Emplastra, 
 
 382 
 
1225 
 
 219, 
 
 Emplastrum ammo- 
 niaci, 
 ammoniacium hy- 
 
 drargyro, 
 arnicse, 
 asafsetidse, . 
 belladonnae, 
 califaciens, 
 cantharidis, 
 cantharidum, ordi 
 narium, . . . 
 cantharidum per- 
 
 petuum, . 
 capsici, 
 cerussse, 
 
 ferri, . . . • • 
 fuscum camphor- 
 atum, . . • 
 galbani, . . • 
 hydrargryri, . . 
 ic'hthyocollse, . . 
 lithargyri, . . . 
 lithargyri comp. . 
 
 opii 
 
 picis, .... 
 picis burgundicae, 
 picis canadensis, . 
 picis cum canthar. 
 plumbi, 
 plumbi iodidi, 
 resinre, . 
 saponis, 
 
 saponis fuscum, . 
 Emulsitication, . 
 Emulsin, .... 
 Emulsio olei morr- 
 
 hux- fortior, 
 Emulsion almonds, 
 asafedita, . . . 
 balsam fir, . . 
 balsam Peru, . . 
 Canada balsam, . 
 castor oil, . 
 cod liver oil, . , 
 ferratcd , 
 with iodide 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 iodo-ferrated, . 
 
 with iron, . . 
 
 with lacto-phos- 
 
 phatescomp. 
 
 with lacto-phos- 
 
 phate of iron, 
 
 with lacto-phos- 
 
 pbate of lime, 
 
 and malt ext., . 
 
 with pancreatine 
 with pancreatine 
 and pepsin, . 
 witli pepsin, 
 
 with pepsin ami 
 
 quinine, 
 
 of 
 
 333 
 333 
 3S3 
 3S4 
 386 
 3S4 
 
 385 
 
 38S 
 
 3S4 ' 
 385 I 
 385 
 
 386 
 386 
 386 
 387 
 39° 
 390 
 387 
 388 
 388 
 388 
 389 
 389 
 390 
 390 
 391 
 39i 
 395 
 645 
 
 398 
 408 
 408 
 407 
 408 
 407 
 397 
 397 
 400 
 
 4> >u 
 400 
 400 
 
 401 
 
 401 
 406 
 
 403 
 
 4"4 
 
 I 1 '-' 
 
 403 
 
 Emulsion cod liver oil 
 peptonized, . 
 phosphorated, . 
 with phosphates, 
 with phos. lime, 
 with phos. lime, 
 
 and wild cherry, 402 
 stronger, . . 398 
 with wild cherry, 404 
 
 403 
 406 
 402 
 
 402 
 
 with yolk of egg, 
 
 404 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 406 
 
 hospital, . . . 
 
 405 
 
 olive oil, . . . 
 
 407 
 
 turpentine, 
 
 407 
 
 wax, .... 
 
 408 
 
 Emulsions, 
 
 394 
 
 Emulsiones, . . . 
 
 394 
 
 general directions 
 
 
 for preparing, . 
 
 395 
 
 Enamel, liquid, . 
 
 1132 
 
 Enfleurage, . . 76, 645 
 
 Eosine 
 
 155 
 
 Ephedra, fl. extract, 
 
 465 
 
 Epigxarepens, fl. ex., 
 
 474 
 
 Epilobium, fl.ext.,474 
 
 ,4S7 
 
 Epsom salt, . 
 
 601 
 
 Epihegus, fl. extract, 
 
 474 
 
 Equisiticum, fl. ext., 
 
 46S 
 
 Eradicator corn, 
 
 1059 
 
 Eraser, ink, . . . 
 
 II 7 8 
 
 Erasing fluid, ink, . 
 
 1178 
 
 Erasive soap, 
 
 1 169 
 
 Eremocarpus, ll. ext. 
 
 465 
 
 Ergota, fl. extract, . 
 
 477 
 
 Ergot corn, fl. ext., 
 
 476 
 
 elixir 
 
 324 
 
 extract, 
 
 446 
 
 11. ext., acetic, 
 
 4S8 
 
 fl. extract, . . . 
 
 477 
 
 fl. ext., etherial, . 
 
 493 
 
 liquid extract, . 
 
 477 
 
 infusion, 
 
 537 
 
 oil 
 
 642 
 
 tincture, 
 
 906 
 
 tincture etherial, . 
 
 952 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 IOOI 
 
 Ergotin, . . . 44''. 7 J2 
 
 Bonjean's, . 
 
 446 
 
 Erigeron canadense, 
 
 647 
 
 fl. extract, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 oil, 
 
 647 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 948 
 
 Eriodictyon, 11. ext. 
 
 
 161,487 
 
 Erweichende K tauter, 75S 
 
 Eryngium aquaticum 
 
 
 11. extract, . 4 f 'S,4S7 
 
 yucca-folium, tl. ex. r < 
 
 gO water, ll. 
 
 
 extract, ... r 
 
 Ervthr • acentaiinun 
 
 
 tl. extract, . . . 
 
 171 
 
 4? 3 
 1155 
 409 
 
 43'' 
 4'4 
 4i" 
 
 410 
 
 Erythracea, fl. ext., 474 
 Erythromannit, . . 735 
 Erythroplceum, fl. ext. 465 
 Erythroxylin, . . 73 2 
 Erythroxyline, . . 112 
 Erythroxylon coca, 
 
 fl. extract, . . 471 
 elixir, .... 324 
 
 syrup S25 
 
 wine 1009 
 
 Eserine 123 
 
 salicylate, . . . 123 
 Esprit 
 
 de bouquet, . . 
 
 Esprits 
 
 Essence, absinthe, 
 
 allspice, 
 
 almond, 
 
 almond, for per 
 fumes, 
 
 angelica 
 
 anise, 
 
 anisette, 
 
 apricot, artificial, 
 
 apple, artificial, . 
 
 banana, artificial, 
 
 bay, 
 
 beef 
 
 bergamot, . 
 
 bergamot for per- 
 fumes, . . . 
 
 bitter almond, 
 
 blackberry, artifi'l, 
 
 bl'k currant, artifi. 
 
 blueberry art ill. . 
 
 bouquet, . . . 
 
 bouquet sachet, . 
 
 brand)' 
 
 calamus, . . . 
 
 caraway, . . 
 
 cardamom, 
 
 cassia 
 
 for perfu's, 
 
 cedar 
 
 celery 
 
 chocolate, . . . 
 
 cherry 
 
 cinnamon, . 41 
 
 clove 4 11 
 
 cloves for perfum'-, 1 1 52 
 
 410, 764 
 440 
 428 
 428 
 429 
 410 
 416 
 410 
 
 410 
 429 
 429 
 
 430 
 115? 
 
 it- 
 4>" 
 411 
 4" 
 411 
 
 411 
 
 411 
 417 
 411 
 
 7'-' 
 
 coffee 
 
 coltsfoot, . . 
 coriander, . 
 
 cranberry, artific'l 
 
 . . 
 dill 
 
 fennel i 1 -' 
 
 gin 1 !■'' 
 
 rry, artifi. 43" 
 grape, artificial, , H" 
 hemlock 11- 
 
 417 
 41- 
 135 
 li a 
 130 
 ti- 
 ll- 
 
12:26 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Essence Jamaica gin- 
 
 
 Essence wild cherry 
 
 
 Etherial tinct. castor, 
 
 952 
 
 ger, . 417, 41S, 
 
 1073 
 
 artificial, 
 
 434 
 
 tinct. chlorid. iron, 
 
 908 
 
 Jamaica rum, . 
 
 1189 
 
 wintergreen, 41 
 
 5, 707 
 
 tinct. ergot, . . 
 
 952 
 
 juniper. 
 
 412 
 
 wormwood, 
 
 416 
 
 tinct. iodine, . 
 
 952 
 
 kummel, 
 
 440 
 
 ylang ylang, . 
 
 1 164 
 
 tinct. iodoform, . 
 
 952 
 
 lavender, . 
 
 413 
 
 Essences, . . . 
 
 408 
 
 tinct. lobelia, 921 
 
 952 
 
 lavender, for per- 
 
 
 artificial fruit. 
 
 427 
 
 tinct. nux vomica, 
 
 952 
 
 fumes, . . . 
 
 1152 
 
 cordial, 
 
 439 
 
 tinct. valerian, 
 
 942 
 
 lemon, . . 413 
 
 76S 
 
 concentrated, . 
 
 409 
 
 Ethylamine, . 
 
 441 
 
 lemon for perfum's, 
 
 "52 
 
 used for perfumes 
 
 1152 
 
 Ethyl 85 
 
 440 
 
 lemon grass, . 
 
 1152 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 1073 
 
 acetate, ... 78, 79 
 
 limes, .... 
 
 413 
 
 Essentia?, . . . 
 
 408 
 
 alcohol, . . 85, 86 
 
 mace, .... 
 
 413 
 
 Essential oils. 
 
 642 
 
 benzene, . . . 
 
 190 
 
 melon, artificial, . 
 
 430 
 
 oils, solutions, 
 
 409 
 
 benzoate, . 
 
 78 
 
 mustard, 
 
 413 
 
 Electrotype, moulds 
 
 191 
 
 bromide, . . 78, 79 
 
 nectar 
 
 431 
 
 Ethane, . . . 
 
 213 
 
 chloride, . . 78, 80 
 
 nectarine, artific'l, 
 
 430 
 
 Ether 
 
 77, 78 
 
 cinnamate, 
 
 182 
 
 neroli 
 
 1152 
 
 acetic, . . . 
 
 78, 79 
 
 ethers 
 
 78 
 
 nutmeg, . 413 
 
 , 77o 
 
 benzoic, . . 
 
 7S 
 
 formate, . . . 
 
 78 
 
 orange, 
 
 414 
 
 butyric, . . 
 
 78 
 
 hydrate, . . . 
 
 S6 
 
 orange for perfum. 
 
 1152 
 
 chloric, . . .80, 766 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 78 
 
 orgeat, .... 
 
 43i 
 
 formic, . 
 
 78 
 
 nitrate, ... 78, 80 
 
 orris, .... 
 
 418 
 
 hydrobromic, . 
 
 78, 79 
 
 cenanthylate. . 
 
 78 
 
 parsley, 
 
 4M 
 
 hydrochloric, . 
 
 78, 80 
 
 oxide 
 
 78 
 
 patchouly, . 
 
 1152 
 
 hydriodic, . 
 
 78 
 
 pelargonate, . 
 
 78 
 
 peach, artificial, . 
 
 432 
 
 nitrous, . 78, 80, 761 
 
 sebacate, . 
 
 78 
 
 pear, artificial, 
 
 432 
 
 nitrous, concen 
 
 
 Ethylate of sodium, 
 
 757 
 
 pennyroyal, . . 
 
 414 
 
 trated, . . 80, 761 
 
 Ethylene bichloride, 
 
 80 
 
 peppermint, 414 
 
 . 769 
 
 nitrous, spirit, 
 
 760 
 
 Ethylic alcohol, . . 
 
 86 
 
 pimento, 
 
 414 
 
 cenanthic, . 
 
 78 
 
 Eucalyn, .... 
 
 735 
 
 pineapple, artific'l, 
 
 432 
 
 pelargonic, 
 
 78 
 
 Eucalyptol, . . . 
 
 648 
 
 plum, artificial, . 
 
 432 
 
 petroleum . 1 8 
 
 5, 671 
 
 Eucalyptus, . . . 
 
 324 
 
 prune, artificial . 
 
 433 
 
 purified, . . 
 
 79 
 
 balm 
 
 1032 
 
 quince, artificial, . 
 
 433 
 
 sebacic, . . 
 
 78 
 
 compound, elixir, 
 
 325 
 
 raspberry, artific'l, 
 
 433 
 
 spirit, . . . 
 
 759 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 red cherry, artifi'l, 
 
 434 
 
 spirit, compound 
 
 760 
 
 globulus, 
 
 648 
 
 red currant, artifi'l, 
 
 434 
 
 stronger, . . 
 
 79 
 
 oil 
 
 648 
 
 rose, .... 
 
 414 
 
 sulphuric, . 
 
 78 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 976 
 
 rose geranium, 
 
 1152 
 
 washed, 
 
 79 
 
 syrup 
 
 823 
 
 rose, triple. 
 
 "52 
 
 Ethers, 
 
 77 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 948 
 
 rosemary, . 
 
 415 
 
 ethyl, . . . 
 
 78 
 
 Eugenol, . . 647, 
 
 649 
 
 rosemary, forperf. 
 
 1152 
 
 Etherates, 
 
 80 
 
 Eulachon oil, 
 
 642 
 
 rum Jamaica, . 
 
 1189 
 
 Etherate ammonia 
 
 81 
 
 Euonymin, 
 
 732 
 
 rum New England 
 
 1188 
 
 camphor, . 
 
 81 
 
 Euonymus, elixir, . 
 
 325 
 
 rum St. Croix, 
 
 11SS 
 
 cantharides, . 
 
 81 
 
 extract, 
 
 446 
 
 sage 
 
 415 
 
 chloride zinc . 
 
 81 
 
 fluid extract, 469, 
 
 487 
 
 santal, for per- 
 
 
 phosphorus. 
 
 82 
 
 syrup 
 
 825 
 
 fumes. 
 
 "53 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 82 
 
 Eupatorin, . . . 
 
 732 
 
 sarsaparilla, 415 
 
 816 
 
 Etherial ext. meze 
 
 
 Eupatorium aromat- 
 
 
 sassafras, . . . 
 
 415 
 
 reon. . . . 
 
 44S 
 
 icum, fl. ext., 471 
 
 .474 
 
 sherbet, . . . 
 
 41S 
 
 fluid extracts, 
 
 492 
 
 perfoliatum, fl. ex- 
 
 
 spearmint, . 415 
 
 769 
 
 fl. ext. cantharides 
 
 , 493 
 
 tract, . . 471, 
 
 474 
 
 spruce 
 
 415 
 
 fl. ext. cubeb. . 
 
 493 
 
 purpureum, fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 strawberry, artifi- 
 
 
 fl. ext. digitalis, 
 
 493 
 
 Euphorbia, corallata, 
 
 
 cial, .... 
 
 434 
 
 fl. ext. ergot. . 
 
 493 
 
 fluid extract. 
 
 461 
 
 sweet flag, . 
 
 410 
 
 fl. ext. foxglove, 
 
 493 
 
 hipericifolia, fluid 
 
 
 tonka 
 
 41S 
 
 oil 
 
 82 
 
 extract, . 
 
 487 
 
 vanilla, .... 
 
 419 
 
 tinctures, . 
 
 952 
 
 ipecacuanha, fluid 
 
 
 verbena, 
 
 1152 
 
 tinct. acetate iron 
 
 907 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 465 
 
 whisky, bourbon, . 
 
 11S9 
 
 tinct. aconite. 
 
 883 
 
 pilulifera, fl. ext., 
 
 465 
 
 whisky, rye, . 
 
 1 190 
 
 tinct. asafetida, 
 
 952 
 
 Euphorbin, . 
 
 732 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 1186 
 
 tinct. cantharides 
 
 952 
 
 Euphorbium, 
 
 729 
 
INDEX. 
 
 T2-27 
 
 Euphorbium ointm't, 992 
 
 plaster 393 
 
 resinifera, . . . 729 
 
 tincture, . . . 946 
 
 Euphrasia, fluid ext. 474 
 
 Eupurpurin, . . . 732 
 
 Evaporation, . . 27 
 Evening primrose, 
 
 fluid extract, 474, 487 
 
 Excelsior inhalant, 
 mead, . . . 
 mead, extract, 
 mead, syrup. . 
 
 Excipients, pill, 
 
 Expectorant, 
 
 Expressed juices, ex 
 tracts from, 
 
 Expression, . . 
 
 Exsiccated alum, 
 
 Exterminators and 
 destroyers, 
 
 Extracta, . . 
 destillata, . 
 fluida, ... 
 
 Extract aconite lvs 
 aconite root, . 
 aloes, ... 
 aloes, aqueous, 
 alterative, . 
 ambergris, for per- 
 fumes, . . 
 ambrette, for per 
 
 fumes, . . 
 apple, artificial, 
 apples, ferrated, 
 apricot, artificial 
 arnica, flowers, 
 arnica, root, . 
 angelica. . . 
 angelica, for per 
 
 fumes, 
 angostura bitters 
 banana, artificial 
 bark, 
 
 beef, . . . 
 beef tea. hot, . 
 belladonna, alco 
 
 holic. 
 birch beer, 
 bitters, aromatic 
 blackberry, artifi 
 black currant, art 
 blessed thistle. 
 blueberry, artific'l 
 blue flag, . 
 I'.oker's bitters, 
 Bochu, distilled, 
 buckbean, . . 
 buckthorn, 
 butternut bark, 
 calabar bean, . 
 
 io36 
 424 
 423 
 424 
 677 
 
 1066 
 
 442 
 29 
 138 
 
 44i 
 45i 
 453 
 443 
 443 
 443 
 443 
 1027 
 
 "53 
 
 "53 
 
 42S 
 446 
 428 
 443 
 443 
 416 
 
 "53 
 436 
 429 
 
 444 
 416 
 867 
 
 443 
 425 
 436 
 429 
 429 
 444 
 43" 
 447 
 437 
 542 
 450 
 449 
 447 
 449 
 
 Extract calumba, 
 cascara sagrada, 
 cascarilla, . 
 cassie or acacia, 
 chocolate, . 
 cinchona. . . 
 cinchona, alcoholic, 444 
 cinchona, aqueous, 444 
 civet, for perfumes, 
 
 coffee 
 
 colchicum, . 
 colchicum, acetic, 
 colocynth, . . . 
 colocyth, comp. . 
 columbo, . 
 conium, alcoholic, 
 couch grass, . . 
 cranberry, artific'l, 
 cubebs and copaiba 
 Culver's root, 
 dandelion, 
 dandelion, liquid, 
 digitalis, . . . 
 elecampane, 
 
 ergot 
 
 euonymus, 
 frangipanni, . 
 frangula, . 
 
 fustic 877 
 
 gelsemium, alcoh'ic, 446 
 
 444 
 
 444 
 
 "53 
 417 
 
 445 
 445 
 445 
 445 
 444 
 445 
 450 
 430 
 723 
 448 
 450 
 479 
 446 
 447 
 446 
 446 
 "55 
 449 
 
 calamus or blue Bag, 1 1 1 
 
 gentian, 
 
 ginger ale, 
 
 ginger, soluble, 
 
 glycyrrhiza, pure, 
 
 gooseberry, artiti 
 
 Goulard's, . 
 
 grape, artificial, 
 
 henbane, . . 
 
 hop, . . . 
 
 huckleberry, artifi. 430 
 
 hyoscyamus, alco- 
 holic, . . 
 
 indigo, . . . 
 
 inula, . . . 
 
 iris, .... 
 
 jaboramli, . 
 
 jalap, 
 
 Jamaica ginger, 
 
 .... 417. 1073 
 
 Jamaica ginger, 
 aromatic, 
 
 Jamaica ruin, . 
 
 jasmine, triple, 
 
 jockey club, 
 
 juglans . . . 
 
 juniper berries, 
 lemon, . 
 lemon, soluble, 
 leptandra, - , 
 
 lettuce, . . 
 lily of the valley, 
 
 pure. 
 
 447 
 877 
 447 
 447 
 447 
 447 
 
 1074 
 ii-., 
 [15] 
 "55 
 447 
 775 
 41 ! 
 422 
 
 ip 
 1 r 
 I'- 
 ll' 
 
 Extract liquorice, 
 
 purified, . . . 776 
 liquors, . 1185101191 
 logwood, . 448, 877 
 malt, . . 44S, 604 
 malt, liquid. . . 605 
 malt combinations, 
 
 607, 611 
 
 malt with cod liver 
 
 oil, .... 406 
 mandrake, . . . 449 
 mead excelsior, . 423 
 mead, soluble, . 423 
 
 meat 416 
 
 mezereum, . . . 44S 
 mezereon etherial, 448 
 melon, artificial. . 430 
 musk root, for per- 
 fumes, . . .1153 
 musk seed, for per- 
 fumes, . . . 1 1 53 
 musk for perfumes, 11 53 
 
 musk 1 1 55 
 
 nectar, flavoring, 431 
 nectarine artificial, 431 
 night-blooming 
 
 cereus, . . .1155 
 nux vomica, . . 44S 
 
 opium 449 
 
 orange bitters^ . 437 
 orange flower, 
 
 triple, . . .1152 
 orange soluble, . 424 
 orgeat, . . . . 431 
 
 orris 41 S 
 
 orris for perfumes, 1153 
 Ottawa beer, . .425 
 Pareira, . . 44c) 
 
 patchouly. . .1156 
 
 peach, artificial, . 432 
 pear, artificial, 432 
 
 Peruvian beer, 42s 
 
 Peruvian bitters, . 438 
 physostigma, . . 449 
 pilocarpus, . . 447 
 pineapple, artific'l, 432 
 pinus Canadensis, 1 ■ • — 4 
 plasters, . . . 393 
 
 plum, artificial, . \ \2 
 
 podophyllum, . . 111 
 
 poppy Id 
 
 prune, artificial, . 1 1 1 
 quassia, . . . \\ \ 
 quince, artificial, 
 raspberry, artificial, 1 ; \ 
 red cherry, artifi- 
 cial, . ' . . . i;i 
 urrant, artific. 434 
 rhatany, . . . 44S 
 
 rhubarb, . . . 450 
 
 rhubarb, comp. , . 450 
 triple, . 1 152 
 
1228 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Extract root beer, . 
 
 427 
 
 Extracts soluble, gen- 
 
 
 Extractum euonymi, 
 
 446 
 
 sarsaparilla comp. 
 
 
 eral formula for, 
 
 421 
 
 eupatorii, fluidum, 
 
 471 
 
 concentrated, . 
 
 mi 
 
 triple, from po- 
 
 
 felicis, liquidum, 
 
 462 
 
 sarsapar., stillingia 
 
 
 mades, . 
 
 "51 
 
 ferri pomatum, 
 
 446 
 
 and red clover. 
 
 mi 
 
 Extractum absinth- 
 
 
 frangulas, fluidum, 
 
 477 
 
 sarsapar., soluble, 
 
 424 
 
 ium, .... 
 
 443 
 
 gelsemii, alcoholi- 
 
 
 savine 
 
 45o 
 
 aconiti, .... 
 
 443 
 
 cum, .... 
 
 446 
 
 Shaker's roots, 
 
 1074 
 
 aconiti fluidum, . 
 
 459 
 
 gelsemii, fluidum, 
 
 460 
 
 sherbet, . . . 
 
 418 
 
 aloes, .... 
 
 443 
 
 gentianas, . . . 
 
 446 
 
 spruce beer, . . 
 
 427 
 
 arnica? radicis, 
 
 443 
 
 gentianas, fluidum, 
 
 471 
 
 stephanotis, 
 
 1156 
 
 arnicas radicis 
 
 
 geranii, fluidum, . 
 
 471 
 
 stramonium, . 
 
 450 
 
 fluidum, 
 
 47i 
 
 glycyrrhizas, fluid'm 
 
 ,471 
 
 strawberry, arti fie. 
 
 434 
 
 aromaticum fld'm, 
 
 459 
 
 glycyrrhizas, liqui'm 
 
 ,491 
 
 stomach bitters, . 
 
 433 
 
 aurantii a m a r i 
 
 
 glycyrrhizas, pura, 
 
 446 
 
 squill 
 
 450 
 
 fluidum, . . . 
 
 466 
 
 gossypii radicis, 
 
 
 Stoughton bitters, 
 
 433 
 
 belladonna;, 
 
 444 
 
 fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 sumbul for per- 
 
 
 belladonnas alco- 
 
 
 graminis, . 
 
 450 
 
 fumes, 
 
 "53 
 
 holicum. 
 
 443 
 
 grindelias, fluidum, 
 
 464 
 
 tolu soluble, . . 
 
 424 
 
 belladonna; fld'm 
 
 459 
 
 guaranas, fluidum, 
 
 464 
 
 tonka, .... 
 
 418 
 
 belae liquidum, 
 
 489 
 
 hasmatoxyli, . . 
 
 447 
 
 taraxacum. 
 
 450 
 
 brayera fluidum, 
 
 459 
 
 hamamelidis, dis- 
 
 
 tuberose, triple, . 
 
 1152 
 
 buchu distillatum, 
 
 452 
 
 tillatum, 
 
 452 
 
 upper ten, . . . 
 
 1 1 56 
 
 buchu fluidum, 
 
 466 
 
 hamamelidis, fld'm 
 
 478 
 
 valerian, 
 
 450 
 
 calami 
 
 444 
 
 Helenii, 
 
 447 
 
 vanilla, . . .419 
 
 , 420 
 
 calami fluidum, . 
 
 459 
 
 hydrastis, fluidum, 
 
 464 
 
 vanilla, concent'd, 
 
 420 
 
 calumbas, . 
 
 444 
 
 hyoscyami, fluid'm, 
 
 467 
 
 vanilla, fortified, . 
 
 420 
 
 calumbas fluidum, 
 
 471 
 
 Indian cannabis, . 
 
 444 
 
 vanilla for perfu. 
 
 1154 
 
 cannabis Indicas, . 
 
 444 
 
 ipecacuanhas, flui- 
 
 
 vanilla, tonka, 
 
 420 
 
 cannabis Indicas 
 
 
 dum, .... 
 
 478 
 
 violet, .... 
 violet, triple, . . 
 
 1156 
 
 fluidum, 
 
 459 
 
 iridis, .... 
 
 447 
 
 1152 
 
 capsici fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 iridis, fluidum, 
 
 464 
 
 wahoo, .... 
 
 446 
 
 cardui benedicti, . 
 
 444 
 
 jalapa, .... 
 
 447 
 
 white rose, . . . 
 
 1156 
 
 castaneaa fluidum, 
 
 477 
 
 jaborandi, . 
 
 447 
 
 wild cherry bitters, 
 
 439 
 
 cascara sagrada, . 
 
 444 
 
 juglandis, . . . 
 
 447 
 
 wild cherry, distill. 
 
 452 
 
 cascara sagrada 
 
 
 kramerias, . 
 
 448 
 
 wild ginger for 
 
 
 liquidium, . 
 
 490 
 
 kramerias, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 perfumes, . . 
 
 "54 
 
 cascarillas, 
 
 444 
 
 lactucas, 
 
 448 
 
 wild olive, . . . 
 
 "56 
 
 chimaphllas fld'm, 
 
 471 
 
 lactucarii, fluid'm, 
 
 478 
 
 wintergr. , soluble, 
 
 425 
 
 chiratas fluidum, 
 
 471 
 
 leptandras, . . . 
 
 44S 
 
 witch hazel, distill. 
 
 452 
 
 cinchonas, . 
 
 444 
 
 leptandras, fluid'm, 
 
 472 
 
 wormwood, 
 
 443 
 
 cinchonas fluidum, 
 
 477 
 
 lobelias, fluidum, . 
 
 472 
 
 ylang ylang, . . 
 
 "55 
 
 cinchonas liquid'm 
 
 477 
 
 lupuli, .... 
 
 443 
 
 Extracts, .... 
 
 441 
 
 cimicifugas fld'm, 
 
 460 
 
 lupulinas, fluidum, 
 
 460 
 
 bitters, .... 
 
 43b 
 
 cimicifuga liqd'm 
 
 460 
 
 malti, .... 
 
 443 
 
 concentrated, . . 
 
 416 
 
 cocas liquidum, 
 
 47i 
 
 matico, fluidum, . 
 
 467 
 
 distilled, . . . 
 
 45i 
 
 colchici radicis, . 
 
 445 
 
 mezerii, .... 
 
 448 
 
 eclectic, 
 
 73i 
 
 colchici radicis fid. 
 
 466 
 
 mezerii, fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 liquid, . . 453 
 
 , 493 
 
 colchici seminis fld. 
 
 466 
 
 nucis vomicas, 
 
 44S 
 
 flavoring, . . . 
 
 40 S 
 
 colocynthides, 
 
 445 
 
 nucis vomica, fluid- 
 
 
 fluid, . . . . 
 
 453 
 
 colocynthides comp 
 
 • 445 
 
 um 
 
 464 
 
 of flowers, . 645, 
 
 1151 
 
 conii alcoholicum, 
 
 445 
 
 opii, .... 
 
 449 
 
 from expressed 
 
 
 conii fluidum, 
 
 471 
 
 opii, liquidum, 
 
 491 
 
 juices, . . . 
 
 442 
 
 cornus fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 papaveris, . 
 
 449 
 
 used for dyeing, . 
 
 377 
 
 cubebas fluidum . 
 
 460 
 
 Pareiras brava, 
 
 449 
 
 gen'l formula, for 
 
 442 
 
 cypripedii fld'm. . 
 
 460 
 
 Pareiras, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 handkerchiefs, 
 
 "54 
 
 digitalis, . . . 
 
 446 
 
 Pareiras, liquidum, 
 
 472 
 
 other, .... 
 
 45i 
 
 digitalis fluidum, 
 
 467 
 
 physostigmatis, . 
 
 449 
 
 for perfumes, . . 
 
 1151 
 
 dulcamara* fluid'm 
 
 47i 
 
 pilocarpi, fluid'm, 
 
 472 
 
 powdered, . 
 
 441 
 
 ergotas, .... 
 
 446 
 
 podophylli, . . 
 
 449 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 1073 
 
 ergotas, fluidum, . 
 
 477 
 
 podophylli, fluid'm, 
 
 464 
 
 solid 
 
 441 
 
 ergotas, liquidum, 
 
 477 
 
 pruni Yirginianas, 
 
 
 soluble, flavoring, 
 
 421 
 
 erythroxyli, fluidum 
 
 .471 
 
 destillatum, 
 
 452 
 

 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 1229 
 
 Extractum pruni Vir 
 
 
 False bittersweet, fl. 
 
 
 Ferri sulphas exsic- 
 
 
 ginianas, fluidum 
 
 ,478 
 
 extract, , . . 
 
 473 
 
 catus, . . . 
 
 510 
 
 quassiae, 
 
 449 
 
 gromwell, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 sulphas prcecipitat's 
 
 ,510 
 
 quassia;, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 unicorn, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 valerianas, . 
 
 5" 
 
 rhamni frangulce, 
 
 449 
 
 Farina cologne, . . 
 
 "57 
 
 Ferric acetate, . . 
 
 5" 
 
 rhamni frangula 
 
 
 Farwell's disinfect- 
 
 
 acetate solution, . 
 
 553 
 
 liquidum, 
 
 478 
 
 ing solution, 
 
 587 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 500 
 
 rhei, 
 
 450 
 
 Fatty oils, . 645 
 
 654 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 554 
 
 rhei, compositum, 
 
 450 
 
 Favorite rheumatic 
 
 
 citrate, .... 
 
 501 
 
 rhei, fluidum, . . 
 
 467 
 
 remedy, . . . 
 
 1 108 
 
 citrate solution, . 
 
 555 
 
 rhois glabra fluid., 
 
 472 
 
 Fayard papier, . 
 
 230 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 507 
 
 rosas fluidum, . 
 
 472 
 
 Fehling's solution, . 
 
 5S7 
 
 hypophosphite, 
 
 505 
 
 rubi fluidum, . 
 
 467 
 
 Fel bovis, . . . 
 
 497 
 
 nitrate solution, . 
 
 556 
 
 rumicis, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 bovis inspissatum, 
 
 497 
 
 oxide 
 
 512 
 
 sabinre, fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 bovis preparatus, 
 
 497 
 
 phosphate, . . . 
 
 508 
 
 sanguinariae, fluid. 
 
 460 
 
 bovis puriticatus, 
 
 497 
 
 pyrophosphate, . 
 
 509/ 
 
 sarsae liquidum, . 
 
 478 
 
 Fellow's syrup hypo- 
 
 
 salts 
 
 498 
 
 sarsaparilla;, fluid., 
 
 478 
 
 phosphites comp 
 
 837 
 
 sulphate, basic so- 
 
 
 scillre 
 
 450 
 
 Female pills, . . . 
 
 1079 
 
 lution, . . . 
 
 557 
 
 scilla;, fluidum, . 
 
 460 
 
 remedies, . . . 
 
 1076 
 
 sulphate, normal 
 
 
 Scutellaria?, fluid., 
 
 478 
 
 Fennel essence, . 
 
 412 
 
 solution, . . 
 
 55S 
 
 senegae, fluidum, . 
 
 467 
 
 seed, fluid ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 valerianate, 
 
 5" 
 
 sennas, fluidum, . 
 
 479 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 S23 
 
 Ferricyanide of po- 
 
 
 serpentariro, fluid., 
 
 464 
 
 water, .... 
 
 167 
 
 tassium, . . . 
 
 7" 
 
 spigelian, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 water, fluid ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 Ferriphosphat'd elix. 
 
 
 stramonii, . . . 
 
 450 
 
 Fenugreek, mucilage 
 
 633 
 
 gentian, . 
 
 334 
 
 stramonii, fluidum, 
 
 467 
 
 Fermentum, . 
 
 498 
 
 Ferriphosphorated 
 
 
 stillingix-, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 Fern, male, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 elixir gentian . 
 
 329 
 
 taraxaci, 
 
 450 
 
 sweet, fluid ext., . 
 
 474 
 
 Ferri-phosphat'd elx. 
 
 
 taraxaci, fluidum, 
 
 479 
 
 Ferrated elix. of gen- 
 
 
 gent, and strych. 
 
 329 
 
 taraxaci, liquidum, 
 
 479 
 
 tian 
 
 327 
 
 elixir wild cherry. 
 
 377 
 
 trifolii tibrina, 
 
 450 
 
 elix. wild cherry, 
 
 377 
 
 Ferrocyanide of iron, 
 
 512 
 
 tritici 
 
 450 
 
 emulsion cod liver 
 
 
 of potassium, . 
 
 706 
 
 uvx- ursi, fluidum, 
 
 472 
 
 oil 
 
 400 
 
 of zinc 
 
 1021 
 
 valerinre, 
 
 450 
 
 extract apples, 
 
 446 
 
 Ferrophosphated cor- 
 
 
 valeriase, -fluidum, 
 
 467 
 
 ext. apples tinct., 
 
 908 
 
 dial elixir, . 
 
 360 
 
 veratri viridis, fluid. 
 
 , 460 
 
 Ferri arsenias, . 
 
 499 
 
 elixir of gentian, . 
 
 329 
 
 viburni, fluidum, . 
 
 467 
 
 carbonas sacchara- 
 
 
 elixir wild cherry, 
 
 378 
 
 xanthoxyii, fluid., 
 
 460 
 
 tus 
 
 500 
 
 Ferroso- ferric oxide, 
 
 5 1 2 
 
 zingiberis, fluidum, 
 
 460 
 
 chloridum, . . 
 
 500 
 
 Ferrous lactate, . 
 
 506 
 
 Extraits 
 
 645 
 
 citras 
 
 50I 
 
 phosphate, 
 
 509 
 
 Eyebright, fl. ext., . 
 
 474 
 
 et ammonii citras, 
 
 502 
 
 oxalate, 
 
 507 
 
 Eye salve, astringent, 
 
 1076 
 
 et ammonii sul- 
 
 
 oxide 
 
 512 
 
 salve, standard, . 
 
 1076 
 
 phas, . . . . 
 
 503 
 
 salts, .... 
 
 498 
 
 salves, . .1075, 
 
 1076 
 
 et ammonii tar- 
 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 
 water 
 
 1075 
 
 tras 
 
 503 
 
 sulphate, precipi- 
 
 
 waters, .... 
 
 1075 
 
 et potassii tartras, 
 
 504 
 
 tated, . . . 
 
 SI0 
 
 
 
 et quinina.' citras, 
 
 502 
 
 Ferrum 
 
 
 
 
 et strychninae ci- 
 
 
 dialysatum, . . 
 
 
 F 
 
 
 tras 
 
 503 
 
 Ferula galbaniflua, 
 
 729 
 
 
 
 hypophosphis. 
 
 SOS 
 
 oarthax, 
 
 
 Face lotion, . 
 
 1148 
 
 iodidum sacchara- 
 
 
 Fetid spirit oi ammo. 
 
 
 powder, . . 
 
 «35 
 
 tum 
 
 505 
 
 Fever, bush fl. ext., 
 
 r •■ 
 
 powder, bloom of 
 
 
 lactas 
 
 
 Feverfew, fl, ext. . . 
 
 47'' 
 
 Ninon, . 
 
 "35 
 
 oxalas 
 
 
 oil 
 
 
 powder, invisible, 
 
 "35 
 
 oxidum hydratum, 
 
 5"7 
 
 t incline, . . . 
 
 
 powder, pa : 
 
 "35 
 
 oxidum hydratum 
 
 
 Feverwort, fl. ext., . 
 
 17'' 
 
 pow'r, swans down 
 
 "35 
 
 cum ma 
 
 508 
 
 Fibrin 
 
 "I 
 
 and toilet pow- 
 
 
 perchloridt, solu'n, 
 
 555 
 
 ifl soap, . 
 
 743 
 
 ders 
 
 "35 
 
 phosphas, . 
 
 
 lilix. mas, fl. ext., . 
 
 r ■-■ 
 
 Fagus ferruginea, fl. 
 
 
 pyrophosphas, 
 
 
 Filteration, 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 sulphas, . . . 
 
 
 Filt'ring, economy in, 
 
 39 
 
1230 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Filtering paper. . 
 
 232 
 
 Fluid, Darby's pro 
 
 
 Fluid ext. anise, star 
 
 46S 
 
 Filter rack, spiral, . 
 
 30 
 
 phylactic, 
 
 5S7 
 
 anisum. 
 
 468 
 
 Fine pomades, . 
 
 "45 
 
 hydrastis, . 
 
 480 
 
 anthemis, . 
 
 473 
 
 Fineness of powder, 
 
 3i 
 
 lightning, . 
 
 1096 
 
 apium 
 
 461 
 
 Fioravanti balsam, . 
 
 772 
 
 magnesia, . 
 
 560 
 
 apocynum, . . 
 
 468 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 772 
 
 Mattenheimer's, 
 
 587 
 
 apple, bitter, . . 
 
 474 
 
 Fir, balsam, . 1S2 
 
 663 
 
 washing, 
 
 1169 
 
 apple tree bark, . 
 
 476 
 
 bals'm,bark,fl.ext. 
 
 473 
 
 white, Coutaret's, 
 
 587 
 
 aralia compound, 
 
 485 
 
 Fir-wood, oil, . . 
 
 650 
 
 Fluid ext. abies bal 
 
 
 aralia hispida, 
 
 473 
 
 wool oil, 
 
 650 
 
 samea, . 
 
 473 
 
 aralia nudicaulus, 
 
 473 
 
 oil, inhalation, 
 
 996 
 
 abscess root, . 
 
 469 
 
 aralia racemosa, . 
 
 473 
 
 Fire, blue, 
 
 253 
 
 absinthium, 
 
 473 
 
 aralia spinosa, 
 
 473 
 
 green, .... 
 
 253 
 
 acacia jurema, 
 
 468 
 
 arbor vitce. 462 
 
 487 
 
 red 
 
 254 
 
 acalypha, . 
 
 465 
 
 arbutus, trailing, 
 
 774 
 
 violet, .... 
 
 254 
 
 acanthus, . 
 
 473 
 
 areca catechu, 
 
 473 
 
 white, .... 
 
 254 
 
 achillea, . . 
 
 473 
 
 arnica flowers, 
 
 46S 
 
 yellow 
 
 254 
 
 aconite leaves, 
 
 468 
 
 arnica root, 
 
 47i 
 
 Fires, colored, . . 
 
 252 
 
 aconite root, . 
 
 459 
 
 aromatics, . 
 
 469 
 
 colored, liquid, 
 
 255 
 
 actrea alba, 
 
 461 
 
 arrow wood, . 
 
 476 
 
 Fireweed, fl. extract, 
 
 461 
 
 actcea rubra, . 
 
 461 
 
 artemisia abrotan'm 
 
 ,468 
 
 Fish berries, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 adansonia, . 
 
 468 
 
 artemisia frigida, 
 
 468 
 
 glue, .... 
 
 513 
 
 adiantum, . 
 
 473 
 
 artemisia vulgaris, 
 
 468 
 
 oils, 
 
 641 
 
 adrue, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 arum triphyllum 
 
 
 Fit, root, fl. extract, 
 
 469 
 
 adstringens, . 
 
 468 
 
 (wild turnip), 465, 487 
 
 Five finger, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 resculus glabra, 
 
 468 
 
 asafetida, . 
 
 494 
 
 flowered gentian, 
 
 474 
 
 assculus hippocas 
 
 
 asarum, 
 
 461 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 tanum, . 
 
 468 
 
 asclepias cornuti, 
 
 461 
 
 Fixed oils, 
 
 637 
 
 agaric, white, . 
 
 461 
 
 asclepias curassa- 
 
 
 Flag blue. fl. ext., 
 
 487 
 
 agaricus albus, 
 
 461 
 
 vica, .... 
 
 468 
 
 sweet, fl. extract, 
 
 459 
 
 agrimonia, 
 
 473 
 
 asclepias incarnata 
 
 461 
 
 Flames, colored, 
 
 255 
 
 ailanthus, . 46 
 
 8,487 
 
 asclepias tuberosa, 
 
 
 Flavor, cachou, . . 
 
 435 
 
 akasga, 
 
 461 
 
 (white root), 461 
 
 4S7 
 
 Plavored syrup, . 
 
 830 
 
 alder, black, . 
 
 476 
 
 ash, black, 
 
 474 
 
 Plavoring elixir, 
 
 275 
 
 alder, tag, . 
 
 468 
 
 ash, prickly, . 
 
 460 
 
 elixir, soluble, 
 
 277 
 
 alkanet, 
 
 461' 
 
 ash, prickly, south- 
 
 
 extracts, 
 
 408 
 
 aletris, . . 47 
 
 3, 487 
 
 ern, .... 
 
 469 
 
 extracts, soluble, 
 
 421 
 
 alligator pear, 
 
 475 
 
 ash wafer, . 469, 487 
 
 Havana cigar, 
 
 435 
 
 allium, . . . 
 
 479 
 
 ash, white, . . 
 
 474 
 
 prepared, . 
 
 277 
 
 allspice, . . 
 
 462 
 
 asimina triloba, . 
 
 465 
 
 sarsaparilla, 415 
 
 , 816 
 
 allspice, Carolina, 
 
 465 
 
 asparagus, . 
 
 473 
 
 Flavors, cordial, 
 
 439 
 
 alnus, rubra, . 
 
 468 
 
 aspidium, . 
 
 461 
 
 fruit, artificial, 
 
 427 
 
 aloes, 
 
 493 
 
 aspidosperma, 
 
 465 
 
 liquor, . 1184 to 
 
 1 1 90 
 
 aloes and myrrh, 
 
 494 
 
 aster, punicus, 
 
 473 
 
 Flaxseed oil, . 
 
 638 
 
 alstonia constricta 
 
 , 461 
 
 aurantii dulcis, 
 
 473 
 
 Fleabane, fluid ext., 
 
 461 
 
 alstonia scholaris, 
 
 461 
 
 aurantii, amari, . 
 
 466 
 
 oil 
 
 647 
 
 altha-a flowers, 
 
 473 
 
 Australian bitter 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 althrea root, 
 
 468 
 
 bark, .... 
 
 461 
 
 Fleming's tincture of 
 
 
 alum root, . . 
 
 475 
 
 ava kava, . 
 
 462 
 
 aconite, . 
 
 883 
 
 amber or ambrett 
 
 2, 462 
 
 avena sativa, . 
 
 461 
 
 Flies, to prevent 
 
 
 ambrosia, . 
 
 473 
 
 avens, European, 
 
 474 
 
 lighting, . . 
 
 1171 
 
 ampelospsis, . 
 
 473 
 
 avens, water, . 
 
 474 
 
 Flexible coilodion, . 
 
 243 
 
 amygdalus persic 
 
 a 
 
 azedarach, . 
 
 461 
 
 Floral cologne, . 
 
 "57 
 
 (peach l'ves), 4, 
 
 3.487 
 
 baccharis pilularis, 
 
 465 
 
 Florida water, 
 
 1158 
 
 anagallis arvensis 
 
 473 
 
 bael fruit, . 
 
 489 
 
 Flour paste, good, . 
 
 1 167 
 
 anchusa, 
 
 461 
 
 balm, lemon or 
 
 
 Flowers, odors of, . 
 
 "54 
 
 andira, . 
 
 473 
 
 sweet, . . 
 
 475 
 
 Foam, sea, 
 
 1 144 
 
 anemone, . 
 
 473 
 
 balm of Gilead 
 
 
 soda, .... 
 
 S49 
 
 anemopsis, 
 
 46S 
 
 buds, . 462, 487 
 
 Frangipanni, ext. 
 
 "55 
 
 anethum, . 
 
 468 
 
 balmony, . . . 
 
 473 
 
 sachet 
 
 "59 
 
 angelica, 
 
 461 
 
 balsam of fir tree, 
 
 473 
 
 Freckle lotion, . . 
 
 1 148 
 
 angustura, . 
 
 468 
 
 bamboo brier, 
 
 476 
 
 Fluid, Condy's, . . 
 
 586 
 
 anise, . . . 
 
 468 
 
 baneberry, red, . 
 
 461 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1231 
 
 Fluid ext. baobab, 
 
 46S 
 
 Fluid ext. buckbean 
 
 475 
 
 Fluid ext. cascarilla, 
 
 465 
 
 baptisia, . 461, 487 
 
 buckeye, . . 
 
 46S 
 
 cassia 
 
 461 
 
 barberry, . 
 
 468 
 
 buckhorn brake, 
 
 47 = 
 
 castanea, 
 
 477 
 
 barley malt, . 
 
 475 
 
 buckthorn bark, 
 
 477 
 
 castor oil beans, . 
 
 462 
 
 bayberry, . 
 
 462 
 
 buckthorn berries 
 
 476 
 
 castor oil leaves, . 
 
 476 
 
 bay laurel or bay 
 
 bugle, bitter, . 
 
 474 
 
 catalpa, . . . 
 
 46S 
 
 tree, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 bugleweed, . 475, 4S7 
 
 cataria 
 
 473 
 
 bearberry (uva ursi), 472 
 
 burdock, root or 
 
 catechu, 
 
 495 
 
 bearsfoot, . 465, 4S7 
 
 seeds, 
 
 475 
 
 catnep or catmint, 
 
 473 
 
 bebeeru, 
 
 465 
 
 burweed spiney, 
 
 469 
 
 caulophyllum, 
 
 468 
 
 beech, American, 
 
 474 
 
 butternut, Ameri 
 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 482 
 
 belladonna leaves 
 
 468 
 
 can, . . . 
 
 465 
 
 cayenne pepper, . 
 
 460 
 
 belladonna root, 
 
 459 
 
 butternut, Europe 
 
 
 ceanothus Ameri- 
 
 
 bell wort, . . 
 
 469 
 
 an, 
 
 475 
 
 canus, . . . 
 
 47S 
 
 benne, . 
 
 469 
 
 button bush, . 
 
 473 
 
 cedron seed, 
 
 469 
 
 benzoin, 
 
 494 
 
 button snakeroot 
 
 475 
 
 celandine, garden, 
 
 
 benzoin compounc 
 
 i, 494 
 
 buxus sempervir 
 
 
 .... 46S 
 
 4^7 
 
 berberis aquifoli 
 
 
 ens, . 
 
 46S 
 
 celastrus scandens, 
 
 473 
 
 urn, ... 46 
 
 8,487 
 
 cabbage, skunk 
 
 
 celery, .... 
 
 461 
 
 berberis vulgaris, 
 
 465 
 
 (dracontium).4< 
 
 ,8,487 
 
 centaury, Ameri- 
 
 
 bergamot, wild, 
 
 469 
 
 cabbage, tree bark 
 
 . 473 
 
 can 
 
 47" 
 
 betel nut, . 
 
 473 
 
 cachinca, . 
 
 468 
 
 centaury, Europe- 
 
 
 beth or birth root 
 
 462 
 
 cactus, . . 46 
 
 1, 4>7 
 
 an, .... 
 
 474 
 
 betony or betonica 
 
 , 468 
 
 caffea, . 
 
 473 
 
 cephalanthus, . 
 
 473 
 
 betula lenta, . 
 
 473 
 
 caffea tosta, 
 
 473 
 
 cercis canadensis, 
 
 473 
 
 bidens bipinnata, 
 
 473 
 
 calabar bean, . 
 
 462 
 
 cereus, . 401 
 
 487 
 
 birch, . . . 
 
 473 
 
 calamus, . . 
 
 45') 
 
 cetraria, 
 
 4 73 
 
 bistorta or bistort 
 
 473 
 
 calendula, . 
 
 46S 
 
 cevadilla, . . . 
 
 462 
 
 bitter apple, 
 
 474 
 
 California laurel 
 
 476 
 
 chamomile, Roman 
 
 . 473 
 
 bitter bugle, . 
 
 475 
 
 calisaya, 
 
 477 
 
 German, 
 
 469 
 
 bitter polygala, 
 
 476 
 
 calycanthus floridv 
 
 15,465 
 
 chekin or chequin. 
 
 469 
 
 bitter root, 
 
 468 
 
 cancer root, . 
 
 474 
 
 chelidoniummajus, 
 
 
 bittersweet, 47 
 
 t, 474 
 
 canchalagua, . 
 
 474 
 
 .... 468 
 
 487 
 
 bittersweet, false 
 
 473 
 
 canella, 
 
 461 
 
 chelone, glabra, . 
 
 473 
 
 blackberry, 
 
 467 
 
 canker lettuce, 
 
 476 
 
 chenopodium, 
 
 461 
 
 blackberry comp 
 
 481 
 
 cannabis indica, 
 
 459 
 
 cherry, birch, . 
 
 473 
 
 blackroot, . 47 
 
 2, 487 
 
 cannabis sativa,4f 
 
 1.4-7 
 
 cherry, wild, . . 
 
 47S 
 
 bladderwrack, 
 
 474 
 
 cantharides, 
 
 461 
 
 cherry, wild, de- 
 
 
 blazing star, . 
 
 475 
 
 cantharides, ethe 
 
 
 tannated. 
 
 481 
 
 blessed thistle, 
 
 473 
 
 rial, . 
 
 493 
 
 cherry, wild, comp. 
 
 485 
 
 blood tlower, . 
 
 468 
 
 cantharis vesicato 
 
 
 chestnut leaves. . 
 
 477 
 
 bloodroot, . 
 
 460 
 
 ria, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 chestnut, horse. . 
 
 468 
 
 bloodroot acetic, 
 
 488 
 
 capsella, . . 
 
 461 
 
 chewstick, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 blue flag, . . 
 
 464 
 
 capsicum, . 
 
 »'"' 
 
 ( hieorium, . 
 
 474 
 
 boldus or boldo, 
 
 461 
 
 caraway seed, . 
 
 468 
 
 chicory, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 bogbean, . . 
 
 475 
 
 cardamom, 
 
 4'" 
 
 chimaphila, . . 
 
 471 
 
 boletus laricis, 
 
 461 
 
 cardamom comp 
 
 482 
 
 china root, . . 
 
 474 
 
 boneset, . 47 
 
 ■ 474 
 
 canluusbenedictu 
 
 », 473 
 
 chiococca, . . . 
 
 4 l,s 
 
 borago or borage 
 
 473 
 
 carnauba, . 
 
 468 
 
 chionanthus, . 474 
 
 . r: 
 
 boundon, 
 
 46] 
 
 caroba, . 
 
 17-- 
 
 chirata 
 
 47' 
 
 box, . . 
 
 468 
 
 carophyllus, . 
 
 46] 
 
 cbittem, . . . 
 
 47'' 
 
 bray era, . . 
 
 459 
 
 carpenter's square 
 
 47'' 
 
 chocolate, . 
 
 47'' 
 
 broomtops, aque 
 
 
 tarrota or carrot, 
 
 468 
 
 chrysophyllum, . 
 
 
 ous, . 
 
 489 
 
 carthamus tincto 
 
 
 ( 1. ely. sweet, . . 
 
 475 
 
 bryonia or bryony 
 
 461 
 
 rius, . . . 
 
 473 
 
 cicuta, . . i;i 
 
 i:t 
 
 buchu, . . . 
 
 466 
 
 carum carri, . 
 
 
 agar tree. . 
 
 
 bnchn and juniper 
 
 
 carya alba, 
 
 473 
 
 dmicifuga, r 
 
 with :icetate po- 
 
 
 cacao, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 . imii ifuga, 1 omp. 
 
 .--■ 
 
 tassium, . 
 
 482 
 
 casca, 
 
 460. 
 
 < Inchona, . . . 
 
 1:: 
 
 buchu and 1'areira 
 
 
 Bia amarga, 
 
 473 
 
 cinchona, aromatic, 
 
 482 
 
 brava, . . 
 
 482 
 
 cascara sa g rada 
 
 
 cinchona, detannat. 
 
 479 
 
 buchu compound 
 
 482 
 
 • • • 473. 47 
 
 
 cinchona, 1 omp., 
 
 
1232 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fluid ext. cinnamon, 461 
 
 cinquefoil, . . . 469 
 
 cleaver's, . . . 474 
 
 clover, sweet, . 475 
 
 clover tops, red, . 476 
 
 cloves, . . . . 461 
 
 coca, .... 471 
 
 cocash ( aster puni . ) 473 
 
 cocculus Indicus, 461 
 
 cochlearia amora. 465 
 cochlearia (scurvy 
 
 grass), ... 474 
 cockleburr, . . 469 
 coffee, . . 417, 473 
 cohosh, black, 460, 487 
 cohosh, black comp. 4S2 
 cohosh, blue, . . 468 
 cohosh, blue comp. 4S2 
 cohosh, red (bane- 
 berry), . . . 461 
 cohosh, white, . 461 
 cola or kola . . 469 
 colchicum, root or 
 
 seed, .... 466 
 
 collinsonia, 468, 4S7 
 
 colocynth apple, . 474 
 
 colocynth comp., 482 
 
 coltsfoot, . . . 476 
 
 columbo, . . . 471 
 
 columbo Americ'n 474 
 
 co.mfrey, . . . 476 
 
 comptonia, . . 474 
 
 conderango, . . 474 
 
 conium fruit, . . 471 
 
 conium leaves, . 474 
 
 convallaria, . . 461 
 convulvulus pan- 
 
 duratus, . . . 474 
 coptis teeta, . . 474 
 coptis trifolia, . 474 
 corallorrhiza, . . 468 
 coral root, . . . 468 
 coriander seed, . 461 
 corn ergot or smut, 476 
 corn silk, . . . 476 
 corn snake root, . 469 
 cornus florida, . 471 
 cornus circinata, . 474 
 cornus sericea, . 474 
 corydalis, . 468, 487 
 corypha cerefera, 468 
 coto, .... 465 
 cotton root, 460, 4S7 
 couch grass root, . 479 
 cramp bark, . . 469 
 cranberry b'k, high, 469 
 cranesbill, . . . 471 
 crawley, . . . 468 
 creeping huckle- 
 berry, . . . 476 
 crocus sativus, . 474 
 cubeb, .... 460 
 
 Fluid ext. cubeb, 
 
 ethe 
 
 
 Fluid ext. erigeron, 
 
 461 
 
 rial, .... 
 
 493 
 
 eryngium aquati- 
 
 
 cucumis citrullus, 
 
 474 
 
 cum, . . 468, 
 
 487 
 
 cucumis pepo, 
 
 474 
 
 yuccsefolium, . 
 
 469 
 
 Culver's root, 472 
 
 ,487 
 
 eryngo, water, 468, 487 
 
 cuminum cyminum 
 
 468 
 
 erythroplceum, 
 
 465 
 
 cummin, 
 
 468 
 
 erythroxylon coca, 
 
 47i 
 
 cunila mariana. 
 
 474 
 
 erythracea, . . 
 
 474 
 
 curcuma, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 erythrrea, centau- 
 
 
 cynoglossum, . . 
 
 474 
 
 rium, 
 
 474 
 
 cyperus articulatus, 
 
 474 
 
 eucalyptus, 
 
 460 
 
 cypripedium, 460 
 
 487 
 
 euonymus, . 469, 
 
 487 
 
 damiana, 
 
 462 
 
 eupatorium, 471, 
 
 474 
 
 dandelion, 
 
 479 
 
 aromaticum, 
 
 474 
 
 dandelion comp., 
 
 433 
 
 perfoliatum, 471, 
 
 474 
 
 dandeli'n and rhu- 
 
 
 purpureum, 
 
 474 
 
 barb, 
 
 482 
 
 euphorbia corollata, 
 
 461 
 
 dandelion and sar- 
 
 
 hypericifolia, . 
 
 487 
 
 saparilla, 
 
 484 
 
 ipecacuanha, . 
 
 465 
 
 dandelion and senna 483 
 
 pilulifera, 
 
 465 
 
 datura stramonium, 
 
 487 
 
 euphrasia, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 delphinum consol., 
 
 461 
 
 evening primrose, 
 
 
 delphinum staph., 
 
 461 
 
 .... 474, 
 
 487 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 467 
 
 eyebright, . 
 
 #74 
 
 digitalis acetic, 
 
 488 
 
 fagus ferruginea, 
 
 474 
 
 digitalis, etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 false bittersweet, . 
 
 473 
 
 dill, 
 
 468 
 
 false gromwell, 
 
 469 
 
 dioscorea, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 unicorn, . 462 
 
 487 
 
 diospyros, . . 
 
 474 
 
 fennel seed, 
 
 469 
 
 dipterix, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 fennel, water, . 
 
 462 
 
 dirca palustris, . 
 
 474 
 
 fern, male, . . 
 
 461 
 
 dita bark, . 
 
 461 
 
 fern, sweet, 
 
 474 
 
 dittany, American, 
 
 474 
 
 fever bush, 
 
 462 
 
 dock, yellow, . 
 
 472 
 
 feverfew, . 
 
 476 
 
 dogwood, . 
 
 47i 
 
 fever wort, . 
 
 476 
 
 Jamaica, 
 
 469 
 
 filix mas., . 
 
 462 
 
 swamp, . 
 
 474 
 
 fir balsam bark, . 
 
 473 
 
 dracontium, . . 
 
 468 
 
 fireweed, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 drimys winteria, . 
 
 461 
 
 fish berries, . . 
 
 461 
 
 drosera, 
 
 461 
 
 fit root 
 
 469 
 
 duboisia, 
 
 468 
 
 five finger, 
 
 469 
 
 dulcamara, . 471, 
 
 474 
 
 five flowered gen- 
 
 
 dwarf elder, 
 
 473 
 
 tian, .... 
 
 474 
 
 elder, dwarf, . 
 
 473 
 
 flag, blue, . 464 
 
 487 
 
 elder flowers, . . 
 
 476 
 
 flag, sweet, 
 
 459 
 
 elecampane, . . 
 
 469 
 
 fleabane, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 elephantopus, 
 
 474 
 
 fceniculum, 
 
 469 
 
 elephant's foot, 
 
 474 
 
 foxglove, . 
 
 466 
 
 elm, slippery, . 
 
 476 
 
 foxglove, etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 ephedra, 
 
 465 
 
 frangula, 
 
 478 
 
 epigaea repens, 
 
 474 
 
 francisca uni flora, 
 
 469 
 
 epilobium, . 474 
 
 487 
 
 frankenia, . 474 
 
 487 
 
 epiphegus, . 
 
 474 
 
 frasera, .... 
 
 474 
 
 equisticum, 
 
 
 468 
 
 fraxinus Ameri- 
 
 
 erechthites, 
 
 
 461 
 
 cana, .... 
 
 474 
 
 eremocarpus, 
 
 
 465 
 
 sambucifolia, . 
 
 474 
 
 ergota, . . 
 
 
 477 
 
 fringe tree, 474 
 
 487 
 
 ergot, . . 
 
 
 477 
 488 
 
 frostwort, . 
 
 475 
 
 ergot, acetic, 
 
 
 fucus vesiculosus, 
 
 474 
 
 ergot, corn, 
 
 
 476 
 
 fumaria officinalis, 
 
 474 
 
 ergot, etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 fumatory, . 
 
 474 
 
 eriodictyon, 
 
 461, 
 
 4S7 
 
 galangal or galanga 
 
 , 462 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1233 
 
 Fluid ext. gale, sweet 
 
 , 475 
 
 Fluid ext., helianthe- 
 
 
 Fluid extract Indian 
 
 galium, aperine, . 
 
 474 
 
 mum, 
 
 475 
 
 hemp, black, 
 
 46S 
 
 galium verum, . 
 
 474 
 
 helianthus, . . 
 
 469 
 
 Indian hemp, white, 461 
 
 galla 
 
 474 
 
 hellebore, Ameri- 
 
 
 Indian physic, 
 
 462 
 
 garden celandine, 
 
 
 can, . . 460 
 
 4S7 
 
 Indian sarsaparill 
 
 1. 475 
 
 .... 46S 
 
 4S7 
 
 hellebore, black, .■ 
 
 469 
 
 Indian tobacco seed. 462 
 
 garget root, 469 
 
 4S7 
 
 hellebore, white, . 
 
 469 
 
 Indian turnip, 465,487 
 
 garlic 
 
 479 
 
 helleborus niger, . 
 
 469 
 
 indigo, wild, 46 
 
 1. 487 
 
 garrya Fremontii, 
 
 469 
 
 helonias, . 462 
 
 ,487 
 
 inula Helenium, 
 
 469 
 
 gaultheria, 
 
 474 
 
 helonias comp., . 
 
 483 
 
 ipecac or ipecacu 
 
 
 gelsemium, 460 
 
 487 
 
 hemidesmus, . . 
 
 475 
 
 anha, 
 
 478 
 
 gentian, . . . 
 
 47i 
 
 hemlock, 
 
 476 
 
 ipecac, American, 
 
 462 
 
 gentian, cornp., . 
 
 4S3 
 
 hemlock, water, . 
 
 471 
 
 ipecac, aqueous, 
 
 490 
 
 five flowered, . 
 
 474 
 
 hemp, Amer. 461 
 
 , 4S7 
 
 ipecac and senega 
 
 , 483 
 
 gentiana quinque- 
 
 
 hemp, Indian, 
 
 459 
 
 ipecacuanha spurge, 465 
 
 flora, .... 
 
 474 
 
 hemp. Indian, bl'k, 
 
 46S 
 
 ipomc ea jalapa, 
 
 462 
 
 geranium, . 
 
 471 
 
 hemp, Indian, wh'e 
 
 , 461 
 
 iris florentina, 
 
 462 
 
 geum rivale, . . 
 
 474 
 
 henbane leaves, . 
 
 467 
 
 iris versicolor, 464, 4S7 
 
 geum urbanum, . 
 
 474 
 
 henbane root, . 
 
 469 
 
 iron wood, . . 
 
 475 
 
 gillenia stipulacea, 
 
 462 
 
 henbane seeds, 
 
 462 
 
 ivy, American, 
 
 473 
 
 gillenia trifoliata, 
 
 462 
 
 hepatica, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 ivy, poison, . 462, 487 
 
 ginger, .... 
 
 460 
 
 heracleum, . . 
 
 475 
 
 jarborandi, 
 
 472 
 
 ginger, Jamaica, . 
 
 417 
 
 herba or yerba 
 
 
 jacaranda caroba, 
 
 475 
 
 ginger leaf, 
 
 465 
 
 mansa, . . . 
 
 468 
 
 jalap or jalapa, 
 
 462 
 
 ginseng, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 heuchera, . 
 
 475 
 
 jalap and rhubarb 
 
 , 483 
 
 glycyrrhiza, 
 
 471 
 
 hibiscus abelmos- 
 
 
 jalap and senna, 
 
 483 
 
 gnaphalium, . . 
 
 474 
 
 chus 
 
 462 
 
 jalap, wild, 
 
 474 
 
 golden rod, . . 
 
 476 
 
 hickory, white, 
 
 473 
 
 Jamaica ginger, 
 
 417 
 
 golden seal, 
 
 464 
 
 hippocastanum, . 
 
 475 
 
 jasmine, yellow 
 
 
 gold'nseal, aqueous 
 
 .490 
 
 hoarhound, 
 
 475 
 
 (gelsemium), 460, 487 
 
 gold thread, . 
 
 474 
 
 hoarhound comp., 
 
 483 
 
 jeffersonia diaphylla, 475 
 
 gossypium, 460, 487 
 
 Honduras bark, . 
 
 473 
 
 Jersey tea, . . 
 
 473 
 
 gouania domingen- 
 
 
 hops, .... 
 
 462 
 
 johnswort, . . 
 
 475 
 
 sis 
 
 474 
 
 hoptree, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 judas tree, . . 
 
 473 
 
 granati fructus cor- 
 
 
 horse chestnut bark 
 
 475 
 
 juglans cineria, 465, 4S7 
 
 tex 
 
 474 
 
 horse chestn't seeds 
 
 46S 
 
 juglans nigra. . 
 
 475 
 
 granatum, . 
 
 474 
 
 horsemint, . . 
 
 469 
 
 juglans regia, . 
 
 475 
 
 grape, Oregon, 468, 487 
 
 horseradish, . . 
 
 4 f >5 
 
 kalmia latifolia, 
 
 475 
 
 gratiola officinalis, 
 
 474 
 
 horsetail, . 
 
 468 
 
 kamala or kameete 
 
 , 4' '2 
 
 gravel plant, . . 
 
 474 
 
 hound's tongue, . 
 
 474 
 
 kava kava, 
 
 462 
 
 great laurel, . . 
 
 469 
 
 humulus, . 
 
 462 
 
 kidney leaf, 
 
 462 
 
 green ozier, . . 
 
 474 
 
 hydrangea, 
 
 475 
 
 kidney root, 
 
 465 
 
 grindelia comp., . 
 
 483 
 
 hydrastis, . 4(14 
 
 480 
 
 kino, . . 
 
 495 
 
 grindelia robusta, 
 
 
 hydrastis, aqueous, 
 
 490 
 
 kola nut, 
 
 469 
 
 .... 464 
 
 487 
 
 hydrastis, purified, 
 
 480 
 
 kousso, . 
 
 459 
 
 grindelia squarrosa, 
 
 487 
 
 hydrastis, without 
 
 
 krameria, . 
 
 472 
 
 gromwell, false, . 
 
 469 
 
 alcohol, . 
 
 ,.,,, 
 
 Labrador tea, . 
 
 469 
 
 guaco leaves, . 
 
 474 
 
 hyoscyami folia, . 
 
 467 
 
 lactucarium, 
 
 17- 
 
 guaiac resin, . . 
 
 495 
 
 hyoscyami radix, 
 
 469 
 
 lactuca virosa, 
 
 475 
 
 guaiac wood, . . 
 
 462 
 
 hyoscyami semen, 
 
 462 
 
 lady's bedstraw, 
 
 474 
 
 guaiacum lignum, 
 
 462 
 
 hyoscyamus, . . 
 
 4f. 7 
 
 lady's slipper, 46 
 
 ». 487 
 
 guarana, 
 
 464 
 
 hypericum, . . 
 
 475 
 
 lappa, (root anc 
 
 
 E ematoxylon, 
 
 474 
 
 hyssop or hyssopus, 
 
 475 
 
 Beeds), 
 
 475 
 
 hriir cap moss, 
 
 476 
 
 Iceland moss, 
 
 473 
 
 large Rowerinj 
 
 
 hamamelidis cortex 
 
 474 
 
 ice plant, . 
 
 r -. 
 
 spurge, . . . 
 
 |6l 
 
 hamamelis bark, . 
 
 474 
 
 ignatia, 4^2 
 
 480 
 
 large Bpotte* 
 
 
 hamamelis leaves, 
 
 478 
 
 ilix Paraguayensis, 
 
 475 
 
 spurge, . 
 
 r- 
 
 hard hack, . 
 
 476 
 
 illicium, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 larix Americana, . 
 
 475 
 
 haw, black, 467 
 
 ■1-7 
 
 Imperatoria, 
 
 462 
 
 larkspur seed. 
 
 461 
 
 hazel, witch, 474 
 
 478 
 
 Indian bad, . 
 
 |8g 
 
 laurel, K rcat . • ■ 
 
 '69 
 
 hedeoma, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 Indian cannabis, , 
 
 
 laurel, mountain, . 
 
 17-- 
 
 hedge hysop, . . 
 
 474 
 
 Indian hemp, . 
 
 459 
 
 laurUS, nobilis, 
 
 
1234 
 
 I. YD EX. 
 
 fluid ext. lavendula 
 
 Eluid ext. manzanita, 
 
 469 
 
 Fluid ext. nympha;a 
 
 
 or lavender, . 
 
 475 
 
 marigold, . 
 
 468 
 
 odorata, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 leaf cup, . . 465, 487 
 
 marjoram, sweet, 
 
 475 
 
 oak, poison, 462 
 
 487 
 
 leatherwood, . 
 
 474 
 
 marjoram, wild, . 
 
 469 
 
 oak, white, . . 
 
 476 
 
 ledum palustre, 
 
 469 
 
 majorana, . 
 
 475 
 
 oats, common, . 
 
 461 
 
 lemon peel, 
 
 475 
 
 marrubium, 
 
 475 
 
 Oenothera biennis, 
 
 
 leonurus cardiaca 
 
 475 
 
 marsh mallow, 
 
 468 
 
 (eve. primrose) 475,487 
 
 leptandra, . 472, 487 
 
 marsh mallow root 
 
 473 
 
 onosmodium, . 
 
 469 
 
 lettuce, wild, . 
 
 475 
 
 marsh rosemary, . 
 
 476 
 
 opium, .... 
 
 496 
 
 levisticum, . 
 
 462 
 
 marunta cotula, . 
 
 475 
 
 opium, aqueous, . 
 
 491 
 
 liatris ordoratissi 
 
 
 masterwort, . 462 
 
 475 
 
 orris root, . 
 
 462 
 
 ma, . 
 
 475 
 
 matico, .... 
 
 467 
 
 opium, camphorat'd,496 
 
 liatris spicata, 
 
 475 
 
 matico comp. . 
 
 4S4 
 
 opium, deodorized, 
 
 496 
 
 liatris squarrosa, 
 
 475 
 
 matricaria, 
 
 469 
 
 orange peel, bitter, 
 
 466 
 
 life everlasting, 
 
 474 
 
 May apple, 
 
 464 
 
 orange peel, sweet, 
 
 473 
 
 life root, . . 476, 487 
 
 May weed, . . 
 
 475 
 
 Oregon grape, 468 
 
 487 
 
 lily of the valley, 
 
 461 
 
 melilotus or melilot 
 
 475 
 
 origanum, . 
 
 469 
 
 lily, white pond, 
 
 469 
 
 melissa, 
 
 475 
 
 osmorrhiza, . . 
 
 475 
 
 lily, yellow pond 
 
 469 
 
 menispermum, 
 
 405 
 
 osmunda, . . 
 
 475 
 
 limonis cortex, 
 
 475 
 
 mentha piperita, . 
 
 475 
 
 ostrya Virginica, . 
 
 475 
 
 linden, . 
 
 476 
 
 mentha viridis, 
 
 475 
 
 oxydendron, . 
 
 475 
 
 lindera, . 
 
 462 
 
 menyanthes, . 
 
 475 
 
 ozier, green, . 
 
 474 
 
 lippia Mexicana, 
 
 462 
 
 mercurialis annua, 
 
 465 
 
 palmetto saw ber- 
 
 
 liquidambar, . 
 
 462 
 
 mercury herb, 
 
 465 
 
 ries 
 
 469 
 
 liquorice, . . 
 
 47i 
 
 mercury weed, 
 
 465 
 
 panax, .... 
 
 475 
 
 liquorice, aqueous 
 
 . 49i 
 
 methysticum, . . 
 
 462 
 
 pansy, wild, 
 
 476 
 
 liquorice, comp., 
 
 483 
 
 mezereum, 
 
 460 
 
 papaver, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 liquorice, ext., 
 
 495 
 
 micromeria, . . 
 
 462 
 
 papaw, . 
 
 465 
 
 liriodendron, . 
 
 462 
 
 mikania guaco, 
 
 475 
 
 Paraguay tea, 
 
 475 
 
 liverwort, . 
 
 475 
 
 mistletoe, . 
 
 476 
 
 paregoric, concent'd,4g6 
 
 lobelia, 462, 472, 487 
 
 mistletoe, Amer. 
 
 475 
 
 Pareira, 
 
 472 
 
 lobelia, acetic, 
 
 488 
 
 mitchella, . 
 
 475 
 
 parilla, yellow, 
 
 465 
 
 lobelia, comp., 
 
 483 
 
 mitchella comp. . 
 
 484 
 
 parsley seed, . 
 
 462 
 
 lobelia seed, . 
 
 472 
 
 monarda fistulosa, 
 
 469 
 
 parsley root, . . 
 
 475 
 
 locust, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 monarda punctata, 
 
 469 
 
 partridgeberry, . 
 
 475 
 
 logwood. 
 
 474 
 
 monesia, . . . 
 
 468 
 
 partridgeberry com 
 
 484 
 
 lovage, . 
 
 462 
 
 monkshood, 
 
 468 
 
 paullinia (guarana) 
 
 464 
 
 lungwort, . 
 
 476 
 
 monotropa uniflora 
 
 469 
 
 peach leaves, 473 
 
 487 
 
 lupulin, . . . 
 
 460 
 
 morus nigra, . 
 
 475 
 
 pear, alligator, 
 
 475 
 
 lycopus Europreus 
 
 , 475 
 
 motherwort, 
 
 475 
 
 pea, turkey, 468 
 
 487 
 
 lycopus Virgini 
 
 
 mountain laurel, . 
 
 475 
 
 pellitory, 
 
 462 
 
 cus, . . 475, 487 
 
 mountain mint, . 
 
 469 
 
 pennyroyal, . . 
 
 469 
 
 mace, 
 
 462 
 
 mountain sage, . 
 
 468 
 
 penthorium sedoides, 
 
 macrotys racemo 
 
 
 mugwort, . 
 
 468 
 
 (V. stonecrop) 469, 487 
 
 sa, . . 460, 487 
 
 mulberry, . 
 
 475 
 
 peony, .... 
 
 469 
 
 madder, 
 
 476 
 
 mullein, 
 
 476 
 
 pepo, .... 
 
 475 
 
 magnolia, . . 
 
 462 
 
 musk root, . . 
 
 462 
 
 pepper, black, 
 
 462 
 
 maidenhair fern, 
 
 473 
 
 myrica, .... 
 
 462 
 
 pepper, cayenne or 
 
 
 male fern, . 
 
 461 
 
 myrica gale, . 
 
 475 
 
 red, . . . 
 
 460 
 
 mallow, common 
 
 475 
 
 myristica fragrans, 
 
 462 
 
 pepper, water, 465 
 
 487 
 
 maltum or malt, 
 
 475 
 
 myrrh, .... 
 
 495 
 
 peppermint, 
 
 475 
 
 malva sylvestris, 
 
 475 
 
 myrtus checan, 
 
 469 
 
 persia gratissima, 
 
 475 
 
 manaca, 
 
 469 
 
 nectandra, . . . 
 
 465 
 
 persimmon, fruit 01 
 
 
 mancona bark, 
 
 465 
 
 nepeta cataria, 
 
 473 
 
 bark, 
 
 474 
 
 mandrake, . 
 
 464 
 
 nervine, American, 
 
 460 
 
 petroselinum, 462 
 
 475 
 
 mandrake comp. , 
 
 484 
 
 nettle, .... 
 
 476 
 
 peumus boldus, . 
 
 462 
 
 mangifera Indica 
 
 475 
 
 night-blooming ce- 
 
 
 phellandrium, 462 
 
 469 
 
 mango, . 
 
 475 
 
 reus, . . 461 
 
 487 
 
 phoradendron, 
 
 475 
 
 mangostana, . 
 
 475 
 
 nuphar advena, . 
 
 469 
 
 physic, Indian, . 
 
 462 
 
 mangosteen, . 
 
 475 
 
 nutgall, 
 
 474 
 
 physostigma, . . 
 
 462 
 
 mansa, yerba 
 
 r 
 
 nutmeg, . . . 
 
 462 
 
 Phytolacca, 469, 487 
 
 herba, 
 
 465 
 
 nux vomica, . 
 
 464 
 
 pill-bearing spurge, 
 
 465 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1235 
 
 Fluid ext. pilocarpus, 
 
 472 
 
 Fluid ext. pulsatilla, 
 
 469 
 
 Fluid ext. sabadilla. 
 
 462 
 
 pimenta, 
 
 462 
 
 pumpkin seed, 
 
 474 
 
 sabbatia angularis, 
 
 476 
 
 pimpernel or pim- 
 
 
 pyenanthemum, . 
 
 469 
 
 sabbatia Elliottii, 
 
 476 
 
 pinella, . 
 
 462 
 
 pyrethrum, 
 
 462 
 
 sabina 
 
 460 
 
 pimpernel, scarlet, 
 
 473 
 
 pyrethrum parthe- 
 
 
 sabul serrulata, . 
 
 469 
 
 pine, white, 
 
 475 
 
 nium, 
 
 476 
 
 saftlower, . 
 
 473 
 
 pink root, . 
 
 472 
 
 pyrola rotundifolia, 
 
 476 
 
 saffron, American, 
 
 473 
 
 pink and senna, . 
 
 434 
 
 pyrus malus, . 
 
 476 
 
 saffron, true, . . 
 
 474 
 
 pinus Canadensis, 
 
 476 
 
 quassia, 
 
 472 
 
 sage 
 
 476 
 
 pinus strobus, 
 
 475 
 
 quebracho, 
 
 4"5 
 
 sage, mountain, 
 
 468 
 
 piper methysticum, 
 
 462 
 
 queensroot, 472 
 
 487 
 
 St. Johnswort, 
 
 475 
 
 piper nigrum, 
 
 462 
 
 queen of meadow, 
 
 474 
 
 salix alba, . 
 
 469 
 
 pipsissewa, 
 
 471 
 
 quercus alba, . 
 
 476 
 
 salix nigra, 
 
 4'"! 
 
 piscidia, 
 
 469 
 
 quillaia, 
 
 469 
 
 salvia, .... 
 
 476 
 
 pitcher plant, . 
 
 476 
 
 quince, Bengal, . 
 
 489 
 
 sambucus. 
 
 476 
 
 plantain, common, 
 
 476 
 
 quinine bush, . . 
 
 469 
 
 sanguinaria, . 
 
 400 
 
 plantigo major, . 
 
 476 
 
 quinine flower, 
 
 476 
 
 sanguiniaria, acet.. 
 
 488 
 
 pleurisy root, 461, 
 
 4S7 
 
 ragweed, 
 
 473 
 
 santal, white or yel- 
 
 
 podophyllum, . 
 
 464 
 
 raspberry leaves, . 
 
 476 
 
 low, .... 
 
 462 
 
 pieonia officinalis, 
 
 469 
 
 red bark, . . . 
 
 477 
 
 satanum citrinum, 
 
 41-2 
 
 poison oak or ivy, 
 
 
 red cloverheads, . 
 
 476 
 
 santalum rubrum, 
 
 462 
 
 .... 462 
 
 487 
 
 red root, 
 
 478 
 
 santonica, . 
 
 462 
 
 poke root, . 469, 4S7 
 
 red saunders, . 
 
 462 
 
 saponaria, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 poke root comp. . 
 
 484 
 
 rhamnus catharti- 
 
 
 sarothamnusscop., 
 
 489 
 
 polemonium rep- 
 
 
 cus, .... 
 
 476 
 
 sarracenia purpurea 
 
 47" 
 
 tans 
 
 469 
 
 rhamnus frangula, 
 
 477 
 
 sarsaparilla, . . 
 
 47S 
 
 polygala amara, 475 
 
 .47" 
 
 rhamnus prushia- 
 
 
 sarsaparilla.Amer. 
 
 473 
 
 polygala bitter, 
 
 476 
 
 na, . 473, 476 
 
 490 
 
 sarsaparilla and 
 
 
 polygonatum g i - 
 
 
 rhatany, 
 
 472 
 
 dandelion, . 
 
 484 
 
 ganteum, 
 
 469 
 
 rheum 
 
 467 
 
 sarsaparilla comp. 
 
 484 
 
 polygonum puncta- 
 
 
 rhododendron maxi 
 
 .469 
 
 sarsaparilla, Ind'n, 
 
 475 
 
 tum, . . 465 
 
 487 
 
 rhoeas, . 
 
 476 
 
 sassa bark, 
 
 465 
 
 polymnia uvadelia, 
 
 
 rhubarb, 
 
 467 
 
 sassafras, . 
 
 4"5 
 
 • ... 465 
 
 487 
 
 rhubarb, aromatic, 
 
 4S4 
 
 satureja, 
 
 469 
 
 polypodium or poly 
 
 
 rhubarb and dan- 
 
 
 saunders, red, 
 
 4*'2 
 
 pody, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 delion. . . . 
 
 482 
 
 savine 
 
 460 
 
 polytrichum, , 
 
 476 
 
 rhubarb and jalap, 
 
 4S3 
 
 saxafrage, small, 
 
 462 
 
 pomegranate, . . 
 
 474 
 
 rhubarb and senna, 
 
 4S4 
 
 scilla, .... 
 
 460 
 
 pond lily, white, . 
 
 V") 
 
 rhus aromatic, 469, 487 
 
 scilla, acetic, . 
 
 488 
 
 pond lily, yellow, 
 
 469 
 
 rhus glabra, 
 
 472 
 
 scilla compound, 
 
 485 
 
 poplar, white, 
 
 4<") 
 
 rhus toxicoden- 
 
 
 scrofularia nodosa, 
 
 47'' 
 
 poppy, .... 
 
 475 
 
 dron, . . 462 
 
 487 
 
 scullcap, . . 473 
 
 487 
 
 poppy, red, . . 
 
 47" 
 
 richweed, . 
 
 473 
 
 scullcap comp., . 
 
 4S5 
 
 populus albus, 
 
 469 
 
 ricinus leaves, 
 
 476 
 
 scurvy .^rass, . 
 
 474 
 
 populus candicans, 
 
 
 ricinus seeds, . . 
 
 462 
 
 Scutellaria, . 47S 
 
 4S7 
 
 . . . 4''2 
 
 487 
 
 robina 
 
 469 
 
 seawrack, . 
 
 474 
 
 potentilla Cana- 
 
 
 rockrose, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 senecio, . 47(1 
 
 4S7 
 
 densis, 
 
 469 
 
 rose, .... 
 
 472 
 
 senega or seneka . 
 
 r: 
 
 potentilla tormen- 
 
 
 rosemary, . 
 
 476 
 
 senega, aqueous, 
 
 491 
 
 tilla 
 
 469 
 
 rosemary, marsh, 
 
 476 
 
 senega and ipecac, 
 
 r | 
 
 prickly ash bark, . 
 
 40O 
 
 rosin weed, . . . 
 
 4''-' 
 
 senna, .... 
 
 
 prickly ash berries, 
 
 462 
 
 rottlera, 
 
 402 
 
 senna alcoholized, 
 
 480 
 
 prickly-ash, south- 
 
 
 ruliia 
 
 476 
 
 senna and dande- 
 
 
 ern, . . 
 
 473 
 
 rubus strigOSUS, . 
 
 476 
 
 lion 
 
 
 pride of India, 
 
 461 
 
 rtibus villosus, 
 
 4' <: 
 
 senna and jalap, . 
 
 »8 3 
 
 primrose, evening, 
 
 
 rudbeckia, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 Senna and pink r't. 
 
 4S4 
 
 • ... 474 
 
 487 
 
 rue 
 
 476 
 
 senna and rhub'rb 
 
 484 
 
 prinos 
 
 47'- 
 
 rumex, .... 
 
 472 
 
 senna, aqueous, . 
 
 wa 
 
 prunus Virginius, 
 
 478 
 
 rumex comp., . 
 
 434 
 
 senna, comp., 
 
 
 ptelea trifoliata, 
 
 
 rush, scouring, 
 
 468 
 
 senna, purified, . 
 
 
 . . . . 469 
 
 487 
 
 rata graveolens, . 
 
 47'' 
 
 serpentaria, . . 
 
 
 pulmonaria, . . 
 
 476 
 
 rye, smut or spurred 
 
 477 
 
 unum, 
 
 469 
 
V2M 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fluid ext. seven barks 
 
 ,475 
 
 Fluid ext. stramoni 
 
 
 Fluid ext. tussilago, 
 
 476 
 
 shepherd's purse, 
 
 461 
 
 um, green plant 
 
 487 
 
 twin leaf, . 
 
 475 
 
 silkweed, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 strychnos ignatia 
 
 462 
 
 ulmus fulva, . 
 
 476 
 
 silphium, . . . 
 
 462 
 
 sumach, 
 
 472 
 
 umbellaria, . . 
 
 476 
 
 simaba cedron, 
 
 469 
 
 sumach, aromatic 
 
 
 unicorn, 
 
 487 
 
 simaruba, . 
 
 476 
 
 . . . . 469, 487 
 
 unicorn, false, 462 
 
 487 
 
 skoke or poke root, 
 
 
 sumach, Chinese 
 
 487 
 
 urechites suberecta, 
 
 462 
 
 .... 469, 4S7 
 
 sumbul, . . 
 
 462 
 
 urtica dioica, . . 
 
 476 
 
 skunk cabbage, 
 
 
 summer savory. 
 
 469 
 
 ustilago, maydis, 
 
 476 
 
 468, 469, 487 
 
 sundew, 
 
 462 
 
 uva ursi, . . . 
 
 472 
 
 slippery elm, . . 
 
 476 
 
 sunflower, . 
 
 469 
 
 uvalaria perfoliata, 
 
 469 
 
 smart weed, 
 
 465 
 
 swamp dogwood 
 
 474 
 
 vaccinum crassifol- 
 
 
 smilax sarsapar., . 
 
 476 
 
 sweet balm, 
 
 475 
 
 ium 
 
 476 
 
 snakehead, 
 
 473 
 
 sweet cicely, . 
 
 475 
 
 valerian, 
 
 467 
 
 snakeroot, button, 
 
 475 
 
 sweet clover, . 
 
 475 
 
 valerian Amer. , . 
 
 460 
 
 snakeroot, Canada, 
 
 461 
 
 sweet fern, 
 
 474 
 
 vanilla, . . 419 
 
 480 
 
 snakeroot, corn, . 
 
 469 
 
 sweet flag, . . 
 
 459 
 
 vanilla plant, . . 
 
 475 
 
 snakeroot, Virg., 
 
 464 
 
 sweet gum tree. 
 
 462 
 
 veratrum sabadilla, 
 
 462 
 
 snakeroot, white, 
 
 474 
 
 sweet marjoram, 
 
 475 
 
 veratrum album, . 
 
 469 
 
 snakeweed, 
 
 473 
 
 sweet orange, . 
 
 473 
 
 veratrum v i r i d e, 
 
 
 soap tree bark, 
 
 469 
 
 symplocarpus, 46 
 
 3, 487 
 
 . . . . 460, 487 
 
 soapwort, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 Symphytum offici 
 
 
 verbascum thapsus, 
 
 476 
 
 solidago, , . . 
 
 476 
 
 nale, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 verbena hastata, . 
 
 476 
 
 Solomon's seal, . 
 
 469 
 
 tabacum, . . 
 
 476 
 
 vervain, 
 
 476 
 
 sourwood, . 
 
 475 
 
 tag alder, . . 
 
 46 S 
 
 viburnum dentatum 
 
 476 
 
 Spanish needles, 
 
 473 
 
 tamarack, . . 
 
 475 
 
 viburnum opulus, 
 
 469 
 
 spearmint, . 
 
 475 
 
 tanacetum, 
 
 476 
 
 viburnum punifol- 
 
 
 spicewood, 
 
 462 
 
 tansy, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 ium, . . 467 
 
 487 
 
 spigela, . . . 
 
 472 
 
 taraxacum, . ' 
 
 479 
 
 viola tricolor, . . 
 
 476 
 
 spikenard, . . . 
 
 473 
 
 tea 
 
 476 
 
 Virg. creeper, 469 
 
 473 
 
 spikenard comp. , 
 
 485 
 
 tea, Labrador, 
 
 469 
 
 viscum album, . 
 
 476 
 
 spiney burweed, . 
 
 469 
 
 tecoma radicans, 
 
 476 
 
 wafer ash, . 469, 487 
 
 spirre tomentosa, 
 
 476 
 
 thea Chinensis, 
 
 476 
 
 wahoo bark, 469 
 
 487 
 
 spurge, ipecacuanha, 465 
 
 theobroma cacao 
 
 476 
 
 water eryngo, 468 
 
 487 
 
 spurge, large, flow- 
 
 
 thimbleweed, . 
 
 476 
 
 water fennel, 462 
 
 469 
 
 ering, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 thistle blessed, 
 
 473 
 
 watermelon seed, 
 
 474 
 
 spurge, large, 
 
 
 thoroughwort, 
 
 471 
 
 water pepper, 465 
 
 487 
 
 spotted, . 465, 487 
 
 thuja Occident 
 
 
 wax palm, . 
 
 468 
 
 spurge, pill-bearing, 465 
 
 alis, . . . 46 
 
 2, 487 
 
 whiteroot, . 
 
 461 
 
 spurred or smut rye 
 
 477 
 
 thyme, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 white wood, 
 
 462 
 
 square, carpenter's, 
 
 476 
 
 thymus vulgaris, 
 
 476 
 
 wickup, . 474, 
 
 487 
 
 squaw vine, 
 
 475 
 
 tilia, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 wild cherry, 
 
 478 
 
 squaw vine comp., 
 
 484 
 
 tobacco, 
 
 476 
 
 wild cherry comp., 
 
 485 
 
 squill, .... 
 
 460 
 
 tolu, . . . 
 
 497 
 
 wild cherry, detan- 
 
 
 squill, acetic, . . 
 
 488 
 
 tonga, . 
 
 476 
 
 nated, . . 
 
 481 
 
 squill, comp., 
 
 485 
 
 tonqua, 
 
 461 
 
 wild indigo, 461 
 
 487 
 
 staff tree, . . . 
 
 473 
 
 tormentil, . 46 
 
 9. 476 
 
 wild lettuce, 
 
 475 
 
 staphisagria, . 
 
 461 
 
 tormentilla, 
 
 476 
 
 wild turnip, 
 
 465 
 
 star anise, . 
 
 469 
 
 trailing arbutus. 
 
 474 
 
 wild violet, 
 
 476 
 
 star, blazing, . 
 
 475 
 
 tree of heaven, 
 
 468 
 
 wild yam, . 
 
 461 
 
 star grass, . 473 
 
 487 
 
 trifolium partense 
 
 , 476 
 
 willow black, . . 
 
 469 
 
 statice Carolina, . 
 
 476 
 
 triosteum perfoli 
 
 
 willow herb, . . 
 
 474 
 
 stavesacre, . . 
 
 462 
 
 atum, 
 
 476 
 
 willow white, . 
 
 469 
 
 sterculia accumin, 
 
 469 
 
 trillium. 
 
 462 
 
 wintera or winter's 
 
 462 
 
 stigmata maydis, 
 
 476 
 
 triticum repens, 
 
 
 bark, 
 
 462 
 
 stillingia, . 472 
 
 . 4S7 
 
 trumpet creeper, 
 
 476 
 
 wintergreen, . 
 
 474 
 
 stillingia, comp. . 
 
 4S5 
 
 tulip tree, . 
 
 462 
 
 witch hazel, 474 
 
 478 
 
 stone crop, Vir- 
 
 
 turkey, corn 
 
 
 wood anemone, . 
 
 473 
 
 ginia, . . 469, 487 
 
 pea, . . 46 
 
 8, 487 
 
 wormseed, . 461 
 
 462 
 
 stone root, . 468 
 
 , 4^7 
 
 turmeric, . . 
 
 461 
 
 wormwood, . . 
 
 473 
 
 stramonium leaves 
 
 
 Turnera, . 
 
 462 
 
 xanthium s pi no- 
 
 
 . ... 467 
 
 , 468 
 
 turnip, wild, 46 
 
 5, 4S7 
 
 sum 
 
 469 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1237 
 
 Fluid ext. xanthium 
 
 
 Foods 
 
 »., 
 
 Fruit, red, cochineal, 
 
 247 
 
 strumarium, 
 
 469 
 
 infants and inva- 
 
 
 saline 
 
 1116 
 
 xanthoxylum bark, 
 
 460 
 
 lids, .... 
 
 1172 
 
 syrups, .... 
 
 777 
 
 xanthoxlum, ber- 
 
 
 Formate of ammoni- 
 
 
 tablets, .... 
 
 872 
 
 ries 
 
 462 
 
 um, .... 
 
 149 
 
 Fuchsine, 
 
 154 
 
 yarrow. 
 
 473 
 
 amyl 
 
 I 5 I 
 
 Fucus vesiculosus fl. 
 
 
 yam, wild, . . . 
 
 461 
 
 Formic, acid, 
 
 56 
 
 ext 
 
 474 
 
 yellow dock, 472 
 
 4S4 
 
 acid spirit, . . . 
 
 766 
 
 Fuller's leg wash, . 
 
 597 
 
 yellow jasmine, . 
 
 460 
 
 ether, .... 
 
 7S 
 
 Fumaria fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 yellow parilla, 
 
 465 
 
 Fortified ex. vanilla, 
 
 420 
 
 Fumitory fl. ext.. . 
 
 474 
 
 yellow root, 
 
 469 
 
 Fossil bitumen, . 
 
 724 
 
 Fumigating powder, 
 
 721 
 
 yerba buena, . 
 
 462 
 
 Fothergill's asthma 
 
 
 Fumitory syrup, 
 
 824 
 
 yerba mansa, . 
 
 465 
 
 mixture, . . . 
 
 628 
 
 Furniture cream, 
 
 11S1 
 
 yerba rheuma, 474 
 
 487 
 
 Fousel oil, . 86, 95 
 
 150 
 
 polish, .... 
 
 1181 
 
 yerba santa, 461 
 
 487 
 
 Fowler's solution, . 
 
 565 
 
 varnish, 
 
 "93 
 
 zanthorrhiza, . 
 
 469 
 
 Foxglove, fl. ex., 
 
 466 
 
 Fusel oil, . . 86, 95 
 
 150 
 
 zedoaria or zedoary 
 
 462 
 
 fl. ex. etherial, 
 
 493 
 
 Fusible metal, . . 
 
 191 
 
 zingiber, 
 
 460 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 992 
 
 Fustic extract, . 
 
 877 
 
 Fluid extracts, . . 
 
 453 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 S25 
 
 
 
 acetic 
 
 4S8 
 
 tincture, 
 
 905 
 
 
 
 aqueous, 
 
 489 
 
 Francisca uniflora, 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 class A, formula, 
 
 453 
 
 fl. ext., . . . 
 
 469 
 
 
 
 class B, 
 
 463 
 
 Fragrant benzine, . 
 
 1169 
 
 Gadberry's spleen 
 
 
 class C, 
 
 465 
 
 cream, .... 
 
 "33 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 630 
 
 class I J, " 
 
 470 
 
 Frangula elixir, . 
 
 325 
 
 Gadus morrhua, . . 
 
 638 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 481 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 449 
 
 Galactose, . 515 
 
 735 
 
 etherial, 
 
 492 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 478 
 
 (ialangal, fluid ext. 
 
 462 
 
 green plant, . 
 
 466 
 
 Frankenia, fl. ext. 474 
 
 ,4S7 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 official, 459, 464, 
 
 466, 
 
 Frankincense, . . 
 
 730 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 470, 477- 
 
 
 Frasera, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 Galbanum, . . . 
 
 729 
 
 gums and resins, 
 
 493 
 
 Fraxinus, Am. fl. ext. 
 
 .474 
 
 plaster 
 
 3S6 
 
 processes for, 455 to 458 
 
 sambucifolia fl. ext. 
 
 ,474 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 U.S. 1 S 70 process 
 
 455 
 
 Frazerin, .... 
 
 732 
 
 Galena 
 
 696 
 
 U. S. 1880 process 
 
 . 455 
 
 Freckle and moth 
 
 
 Galen's cerate, . 
 
 224 
 
 combination proc, 
 
 457 
 
 lotion, . . . 
 
 597 
 
 Gale, sweet, tl. ext. 
 
 47? 
 
 pressure process, 
 
 457 
 
 French blacking, 
 
 117S 
 
 Galium aperine, tl. 
 
 
 repercolat'n proc, 
 
 456 
 
 French brandy, 771, 
 
 1187 
 
 extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 water-bath percol., 
 
 458 
 
 Fresh herbs, tinct., 
 
 913 
 
 verum, fluid ext. 
 
 474 
 
 E luid Hydrastis, 480 
 
 490 
 
 Friar's balsam, . . 
 
 890 
 
 Galla, fluid extract, 
 
 474 
 
 writing, . . . 
 
 1 1 74 
 
 Friedrichshall water 
 
 
 Gallate ammonium, 
 
 149 
 
 1 ilming, 
 
 5f>9 
 
 solution, 
 
 869 
 
 Gallic acid, . . 57 
 
 ,873 
 
 battery, 
 
 586 
 
 Fringe tree, fl. ext., 
 
 
 acid, glyeerite, . 
 
 517 
 
 ink erasing, 
 
 1178 
 
 . • ■ • 474 
 
 4S7 
 
 acid, ointment. 
 
 970 
 
 Fluoride of ammoni- 
 
 
 Frostilla 
 
 "33 
 
 ( rails syrup, . 
 
 823 
 
 um 
 
 149 
 
 Frost wort, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 Gambogia, 
 
 729 
 
 of antimony, . . 
 
 ' 59 
 
 Fruit 
 
 21 
 
 < lambogic acid, . 
 
 729 
 
 of calcium, 
 
 209 
 
 acid 
 
 849 
 
 ( tarcinia 1 [anburii, . 
 
 7-"' 
 
 of chromium, . 
 
 239 
 
 coloring, . . 
 
 247 
 
 ( tardea celandine, ll. 
 
 
 Fluorides, . . . 
 
 513 
 
 flavors, artificial, 
 
 427 
 
 extract, . v>- 
 
 . 4T 
 
 Fluorine 
 
 5i3 
 
 or grape salt, . . 
 
 1 1 16 
 
 Garget root, tl. ext., 
 
 
 Fluor-spar, . . . 
 
 209 
 
 juice preservative, 
 
 1183 
 
 .... 469 
 
 ■ I-- 
 
 Flower pomades, i ( > 
 
 . 645 
 
 juices 
 
 776 
 
 1 largling oil, . 
 
 r.096 
 
 Flowers 
 
 20 
 
 juices, process for 
 
 
 i rarlic, Quid ext., 
 
 4-w 
 
 1' ly paper, poison, . 
 
 230 
 
 making, . 
 
 776 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 sticky, . . 231, 
 
 1170 
 
 juice, shakes, . 
 
 865 
 
 oil, artificial, . . 
 
 134 
 
 Fly stone, . . . 
 
 240 
 
 juice, syrups, . . 
 
 849 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 
 powder, 
 
 721 
 
 laxatives, . . . 
 
 
 syrup 
 
 
 Foam soda, . . . 
 
 849 
 
 laxative lozenges, 
 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 794 
 
 Fosniculum H. ex., . 
 
 469 
 
 oils from, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 Fremontii, il. 
 
 
 Food, chemical, 
 
 B4£ 
 
 preserving liquids, 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 
 
 
 1058 
 
 preserving solu- 
 
 
 Gas, laughing, . 
 
 635 
 
 plant 
 
 1 1 72 
 
 tions. 
 
 59° 
 
 Liquor 
 
 [46 
 
1288 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gasoline, .... 
 
 671 
 
 Gentian and tinct. of 
 
 Glace, starch, 
 
 IT83 
 
 Gaultheria, fluid ext. 
 
 474 
 
 iron elixir, with 
 
 Glass liquid, . . . 
 
 567 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 767 
 
 lactopeptine, . 
 
 332 
 
 and metal cement, 
 
 1 164 
 
 Gaulthero-sal i c y 1 i c 
 
 
 wine compound, 
 
 1014 
 
 polish 
 
 1181 
 
 acid. . . 648, 
 
 737 
 
 Geraniin, . . . 
 
 732 
 
 varnish, 
 
 "93 
 
 Gaultherilene, 
 
 648 
 
 Geranium, fl. extrac 
 
 , 471 
 
 water 
 
 567 
 
 Gelacacia or soluble 
 
 
 Geranium oil, 
 
 652 
 
 Glauber's salt, . . 
 
 755 
 
 pill coating, 
 
 682 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 Globules, medicated, 
 
 957 
 
 Gelatin 
 
 513 
 
 German cologne, 
 
 "57 
 
 Gloss, hair, . . . 
 
 1 149 
 
 Gelatina, .... 
 
 513 
 
 corn cure, . 24^ 
 
 , 1059 
 
 starch 
 
 1182 
 
 Gelatin capsules. 
 
 514 
 
 liver bitters, . 
 
 104 1 
 
 Glove cleaner, 
 
 1 169 
 
 coating, 
 
 514 
 
 silver, . . . 
 
 264 
 
 Glucose, . . . 152, 515 
 
 coating pills, . 
 
 681 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 106.4 
 
 Glucoses 
 
 735 
 
 suppositories, . 
 
 514 
 
 tonic, . . . 
 
 1118 
 
 Glucosides, . 
 
 515 
 
 Gelsemin, 
 
 732 
 
 Geum urbanum, fl.ext. 474 
 
 Glue 
 
 513 
 
 Gelsemina, 
 
 116 
 
 rivale, fl. extract, 
 
 474 
 
 elastic, .... 
 
 1165 
 
 Gelsemine, . . . 
 
 116 
 
 Gewtirzhafte krauter 
 
 , 758 
 
 liquid, . . 514, 
 
 1165 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 117 
 
 Giant liver pills, 
 
 1051 
 
 marine, . . . 
 
 1165 
 
 Gelseminia, . . . 
 
 116 
 
 Gilding and silvering 
 
 mouth, .... 
 
 "65 
 
 Gelsemium, elixir, . 
 
 326 
 
 pills, . . . 
 
 682 
 
 ordinary, . 
 
 1165 
 
 extract, alcoholic. 
 
 446 
 
 solution, . . 
 
 11S1 
 
 pad, 
 
 1165 
 
 fluid extract, 460, 
 
 4S7 
 
 wax, 
 
 216 
 
 tungstic, 
 
 967 
 
 tincture, 
 
 909 
 
 Gilead balm, . 
 
 182 
 
 waterproof, 
 
 1165 
 
 General formula for 
 
 
 Gillenia stipulacea fl 
 
 
 Glutina cement, . 
 
 1163 
 
 extracts. . . . 
 
 442 
 
 ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 Glyceric alcohol, 85 
 
 , 516 
 
 soluble extracts. . 
 
 421 
 
 trifoliata fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 Glycerin 
 
 5i6 
 
 Gentian and bismuth 
 
 
 Gillinia syrup, 
 
 823 
 
 and cod liver oil, 
 
 404 
 
 elixir, 
 
 327 
 
 Gin, .... 
 
 1 190 
 
 cream, .... 
 
 1 194 
 
 and chloride iron 
 
 
 American, . . 
 
 1 190 
 
 honey 
 
 1147 
 
 elix. with quini. 
 
 33i 
 
 Holland, . . 
 
 1191 
 
 honey, carbolated, 
 
 1147 
 
 chloride iron, qui- 
 
 
 London cordial, 
 
 1191 
 
 ice, 
 
 1147 
 
 nine and strych- 
 
 
 London dock. 
 
 1191 
 
 jelly, . . . . 
 
 1147 
 
 nine, elixir, 
 
 33i 
 
 Old Tom, . . 
 
 1191 
 
 jelly, camphorat'd, 
 
 "47 
 
 compound, fl. ext. 
 
 483 
 
 to clarify, . 
 
 1191 
 
 jelly, carbolated, 
 
 "47 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 910 
 
 to filter,' . . 
 
 1191 
 
 lotion 
 
 "49 
 
 tinct. improved, 
 
 911 
 
 Ginger ale, . . 
 
 422 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 977 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 262 
 
 ale extract, 
 
 422 
 
 soap 
 
 743 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 326 
 
 ale syrup, . 422, 856 
 
 solidified, . 
 
 "47 
 
 ferrated, . . 
 
 327 
 
 carminative, 
 
 1046 
 
 Glycerina, 
 
 517 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 446 
 
 elixir, . . . 
 
 332 
 
 Glycerines, 
 
 517 
 
 five-flowered , fl. ext. 
 
 474 
 
 extract, aromatic 
 
 1074 
 
 Glycerinum, . 
 
 5i6 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 471 
 
 extract or essence 
 
 417 
 
 acidi carbolici, 
 
 517 
 
 infusion comp., . 
 
 537 
 
 extract, Jamaica, 
 
 1073 
 
 acidi gallici, 
 
 517 
 
 and iron elixir, 327 
 
 329 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 acidi tannici. . 
 
 517 
 
 iron and bismuth 
 
 
 grass oil, . . 
 
 652 
 
 aluminis, . 
 
 517 
 
 elixir, 
 
 328 
 
 Jamaica essence 
 
 1073 
 
 amyli 
 
 5i8 
 
 iron, bismuth and 
 
 
 Jamaica extract. 
 
 1073 
 
 boracis, . . . 
 
 5i8 
 
 strychnine elix. 
 
 32S 
 
 Jamaica extract 
 
 plumbi subacetatis 
 
 5i8 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 aromatic, 
 
 1074 
 
 tragacanthae, . . 
 
 5i8 
 
 elixir, . . . 
 
 329 
 
 leaf fl. ext., . 
 
 465 
 
 vitelli 
 
 519 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 Glycerita, 
 
 517 
 
 elixir, . . . 
 
 32S 
 
 oleoresin, . 
 
 661 
 
 Glycerite albumen, . 
 
 519 
 
 and phosphate of 
 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 393 
 
 of alum, 
 
 517 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 329 
 
 soluble extract, 
 
 421 
 
 arnica 
 
 519 
 
 strychnine and bis- 
 
 
 syrup, . 422, S2 
 
 1, 856 
 
 bismuth, . . . 
 
 519 
 
 muth elixir, 
 
 330 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 945 
 
 of borax, 
 
 518 
 
 and strychnine elix. 
 
 33o 
 
 tincture, strong, 
 
 945 
 
 calendula, . 
 
 520 
 
 tincture, 
 
 910 
 
 tonic, 
 
 1118 
 
 camphor chloral. . 
 
 520 
 
 tinct. ammoniated. 
 
 950 
 
 troches, . . 
 
 966 
 
 carbolate of iodine 
 
 520 
 
 tinct. compound, 
 
 910 
 
 Ginseng fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 carbolic acid, . 
 
 517 
 
 with tinct. of iron 
 
 
 Girondin disinfectant 
 
 gallic acid, 
 
 517 
 
 elixir, 
 
 330 
 
 solution, 
 
 5S7 
 
 hypophosphites, . 
 
 520 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1239 
 
 Glycerite iodine, 
 
 
 521 
 
 pepsin 
 
 521 
 
 of pepsin and wa- 
 
 
 fer ash, . . . 
 
 521 
 
 phosphorus, . . 
 
 5 21 
 
 of quinine, 
 
 521 
 
 of quinine and 
 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 522 
 
 of starch, . . . 
 
 518 
 
 subacetate of lead, 
 
 519 
 
 tannic acid, 
 
 517 
 
 of tar, .... 
 
 522 
 
 of tar compound, 
 
 522 
 
 tragacanth, 
 
 518 
 
 yerba santa comp. , 
 
 522 
 
 yolk of egg, . . 
 
 519 
 
 Glycerites, . . . 
 
 517 
 
 Glyceritum amyli, . 
 
 518 
 
 Glycerol, .... 
 
 5i6 
 
 Glyceryl, .... 
 
 5i6 
 
 Glyconin 
 
 519 
 
 Glycyrrhiza elixir, . 
 
 342 
 
 elixir compound, . 
 
 343 
 
 extract, pure, . . 
 
 446 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 471 
 
 mixture comp., . 
 
 624 
 
 powder comp., 
 
 716 
 
 syrup 
 
 822 
 
 syrup compound, 
 
 827 
 
 Glycyrrhizin, ammo- 
 
 
 niated, . . . 
 
 523 
 
 Glycyrrhizinum, am- 
 
 
 moniatum, . 
 
 523 
 
 Gnaphalium, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 Gnoscopine, . 
 
 666 
 
 Gold, . . . 
 
 
 179 
 
 bromide, 
 
 
 180 
 
 chloride, 
 
 
 180 
 
 cyanide, 
 
 
 180 
 
 ink, . 
 
 
 1 177 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 
 180 
 
 leaf, . . . 
 
 
 179 
 264 
 
 Mannheim, 
 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 
 992 
 
 oxides. . . 
 
 
 180 
 
 plating solution, . 
 
 590 
 
 andsodi'm chloride 
 
 . 179 
 
 sulphide, . . . 
 
 180 
 
 thread, fluid ext., 
 
 494 
 
 thread, tincture, . 
 
 <)46 
 
 white, .... 
 
 695 
 
 i lolden anodyne tinct. 
 
 [028 
 
 drops, 1 >r. 1 »e 1 a 
 
 
 Motte's, . . . 
 
 381 
 
 hair coloring, . 
 
 IO-I 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 1 103 
 
 rod, fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 rod, oil, 
 
 652 
 
 seal elixir, . 
 
 334 
 
 seal, fluid extract, 
 
 464 
 
 seal, fl. ext., aque., 
 
 490 
 
 seal tincture, 
 
 
 914 
 
 Golden seal wine 
 
 comp., . . . 1014 
 syrup, .... 874 
 tincture, . . . 102S 
 Gombault's caustic 
 
 balsam, . . . 1034 
 Gooseberry essence or 
 
 extract, . . . 430 
 Goose oil, . . . 641 
 Gossypiin, . . . 732 
 Gossypium fl. ext., 
 
 . . . 460, 487 
 
 Gossypium herbacum, 638 
 
 wine, .... 1010 
 
 Gouania domingensis, 474 
 
 Goulard's balsam, . 1S5 
 
 cerate 221 
 
 extract 563 
 
 Gould's d i a r r h ce a 
 
 mixture, . . . 629 
 Gout cordial, War- 
 ner's, . . . 936 
 
 elixir 3S0 
 
 mixture, Lavelle's, 629 
 paper, .... 230 
 Government harness 
 
 dressing, . .1179 
 Gowland's lotion, . 597 
 Granati fructus fluid 
 
 extract, . . . 474 
 Granatum fl. ext., . 474 
 Grantville carbolic 
 
 alkali, . . . 587 
 Granulated citrate 
 
 of magnesia, . Coo 
 
 zinc 1020 
 
 Granville's milder lo- 
 tion, .... 597 
 stronger lotion, . 597 
 Grape essence or ext. , 430 
 or fruit salt, . .1116 
 Oregon fl. ext., 468, 487 
 phosphate syrup, 856 
 sugar, . 152, 515. 735 
 syrup, . . 850, 856 
 Graphite, .... 210 
 Grass-green coloring, 248 
 Gratiola, fluid ext., 474 
 Gravel plant, fl. ext., 474 
 Grease, bear's, . . 64] 
 Great laurel. II. ext., 4'") 
 Green show bottle . 251 
 balsam, . . l8l, l8j 
 coloring, 248 
 
 hellebore, tinct., . 944 
 
 ink [173 
 
 iodide mercury, . 527 
 , fluid ext., . 471 
 
 plant, fluid cxts., .| -1. 
 soap 742 
 
 soap, tincture, g )8 
 
 tinctures, . 
 
 Gregory's powder, 
 Griffith's mixture, 
 Grindelia, fluid ext 
 compound, . 
 
 robusta, elixir, 
 
 fluid extract, 464, 487 
 
 squarrosa, fl. ext. , 4S7 
 Gromwell, false, fl 
 
 extract, . 
 Ground-nut oil, . 
 Guaco leaves, fl. ext 
 Guaiacene, 
 Guaiacic acid, 
 Guaiac, liquid ext., 
 
 resin, ... 
 
 resin, fluid extract 
 
 tincture, 
 
 tincture alkaline 
 ammoniated, 
 
 tincture, Dewee's 
 
 wood, fluid ext., 
 Guaiacol, . 
 Guaiacum balsam, 
 
 lignum, fluid ext. 
 
 mixture, 
 
 officinale, . 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 wood, tincture 
 Guarana elixir, 
 
 and celery elixir 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 tincture, 
 Guarananine, 
 Gum aloes, 
 
 ammoniac, . 
 
 amine, . . 
 arabic, . 
 arabic syrup, 
 artificial, 
 bdellium, . 
 British, . . 
 camphor, . 
 catechu, 
 cherry tree, 
 copal, . 
 cutch, . . 
 euphorbium, 
 fetida, . . 
 
 galbanum, . 
 gamboge, . 
 
 tc, , 
 hemlock, 
 hog, . . . 
 
 kino, 
 mastic, . 
 mesquit, 
 myrrh, . . 
 ohbanum, . 
 opium, . 
 opoponax, . 
 resins, . 2 
 
 474 
 725 
 725 
 495 
 725 
 495 
 911 
 912 
 912 
 912 
 462 
 725 
 185 
 462 
 625 
 725 
 S24 
 94S 
 332 
 333 
 464 
 825 
 947 
 no 
 727 
 728 
 724 
 726 
 792 
 271 
 
 729 
 271 
 727 
 727 
 727 
 725 
 727 
 729 
 728 
 729 
 729 
 725 
 694 
 727 
 727 
 726 
 
 727 
 
 73o 
 728 
 
 73" 
 
1240 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 sagepanum, 
 
 730 
 
 Hall's solution of 
 
 
 Hemlock, essence, 
 
 412 
 
 sandarach, 
 
 726 
 
 strychnine, 
 
 591 
 
 fl. ext 
 
 476 
 
 Senegal, . . 
 
 726 
 
 Halogens, . 513 
 
 , 540 
 
 gum, . . . 
 
 694 
 
 spruce, . 
 
 730 
 
 Hamamelidin, 
 
 732 
 
 juice, 
 
 775 
 
 sweet, . 
 
 182 
 
 Hamamelidis cortex, 
 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 652 
 
 tamarac, . . 
 
 730 
 
 fl. extract., . 
 
 474 
 
 pitch, . . . 
 
 694 
 
 thus, . . . 
 
 182 
 
 Hamamelis, bark, fl. 
 
 
 pitch plaster, . 
 
 388 
 
 tragacanth, 
 
 727 
 
 extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 tincture, 
 
 904 
 
 turpentine, 182, 662 
 
 leaves, fl. extract, 
 
 478 
 
 water, fl. ext., 
 
 471 
 
 Gummipulver, 
 
 717 
 
 Hamburg tea, . . 
 
 1 107 
 
 Hemorrhoidal lotior 
 
 . 597 
 
 Gums, . . 21, 722, 726 
 
 Hamburger drops, . 
 
 1126 
 
 Hemp, American, fl 
 
 
 chewing, 
 
 730 
 
 Handkerchief exts. , 
 
 "54 
 
 ext., . . 46 
 
 1, 487 
 
 Gun cotton, soluble 
 
 721 
 
 perfumes, . 
 
 "50 
 
 Indian, black, fl 
 
 
 Gurjun balsam, iS 
 
 2, 663 
 
 Hardhack, fl. ext., 
 
 476 
 
 ext., . . . 
 
 468 
 
 balsam oil, 
 
 652 
 
 Harness dressing, 
 
 
 Indian, fl. ext., 
 
 459 
 
 Guttapercha, 
 
 725 
 
 government, 
 
 "79 
 
 Indian tincture, 
 
 893 
 
 solution, 
 
 558 
 
 polish, .... 
 
 1180 
 
 Indian, white, fl 
 
 
 Gypsum, . 
 
 210 
 
 Hartshorn, . . . 
 
 145 
 
 ext., . 
 
 461 
 
 
 
 Hasting's wood, 
 
 
 seed oil, 
 
 642 
 
 
 
 naphtha, . . 
 
 772 
 
 Henbane, extract, 
 
 447 
 
 H 
 
 
 Havana cigar flavor- 
 
 
 leaves, fl. ext., 
 
 467 
 
 
 
 ing, .... 
 
 435 
 
 root, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 Haarlem oil, . 
 
 653 
 
 Haw, black, fl. ext., 
 
 487 
 
 seed, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 Haematoxylon, fl. ex 
 
 t. 474 
 
 Hazel-nut. oil, . 
 
 662 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 825 
 
 Hair balsam, 
 
 1081 
 
 witch, fl. ext., 478 
 
 474 
 
 tincture. 
 
 9 T 5 
 
 cap moss, fl. ext., 
 
 476 
 
 Healing ointment, 
 
 1 104 
 
 Henry's magnesia, 
 
 599 
 
 dye, bismuth, . 
 
 1141 
 
 Health elixir, . . 
 
 381 
 
 Hen's oil, . 
 
 641 
 
 dye, black, 
 
 1080 
 
 restorer, women's, 
 
 1077 
 
 Hepar sulphur, . 
 
 781 
 
 dye, brown, 
 
 1080 
 
 Heart corrector, 
 
 1085 
 
 sulphuris, . 
 
 781 
 
 dye, golden, . 
 
 1081 
 
 preparations, . 
 
 1084 
 
 sulphuris kalium, 
 
 781 
 
 dye, vanadium, 
 
 1141 
 
 regulator, . . . 
 
 1085 
 
 Hepatica, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 dyes, 
 
 1141 
 
 Heave powder, . . 
 
 1057 
 
 Hepryl, . . . 
 
 85 
 
 gloss, . . . 
 
 1 149 
 
 Hebra's ointment, . 
 
 976 
 
 Heptyl alcohol, . 
 
 85 
 
 grower, 
 
 "43 
 
 Hedeoma, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 Heracleum, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 grower, carboline 
 
 1084 
 
 Pledge garlic oil, 
 
 652 
 
 Herba or yerba man 
 
 
 grower, pomade, 
 
 "43 
 
 hyssop, fl. ext., . 
 
 474 
 
 sa, fl. ext., . 
 
 46S 
 
 growers, 
 
 1142 
 
 hyssop, tincture, . 
 
 947 
 
 Herbs, . . . 
 
 21 
 
 lotion, . . . 
 
 1084 
 
 mustard syrup, 
 
 824 
 
 Heuchera, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 lotion, almond, 
 
 "43 
 
 Hektograph copying 
 
 
 Hexyl, . . . 
 
 85 
 
 lotion, bay, 
 
 "43 
 
 pad 
 
 11S0 
 
 alcohol, 
 
 85 
 
 lotion, rose, 
 
 "43 
 
 inks 
 
 "75 
 
 Hibiscus abelmos 
 
 
 lotion, stimulating 
 
 , "43 
 
 Helianthemus, fl. ex. 
 
 475 
 
 chus, fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 lotions. . 
 
 "43 
 
 Helianthus, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 Hickory-nut oil, 
 
 662 
 
 oil bases, •. 
 
 1141 
 
 Heliotrope oil, . 
 
 652 
 
 white, fl. ext., » 
 
 473 
 
 oil coloring, 
 
 1141 
 
 sachet 
 
 "59 
 
 Hiera picra, . 
 
 720 
 
 oil perfumes, . 
 
 1 142 
 
 Hellebore, Ameri- 
 
 
 High wine, . . 
 
 88 
 
 oil, walnut, 
 
 1142 
 
 can, fl. ext., 160 
 
 ,487 
 
 Hippocastanum, fl 
 
 
 oils, .... 
 
 1141 
 
 American, tinct., 
 
 943 
 
 ext., . 
 
 475 
 
 powders, 
 
 1 146 
 
 black, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 Hips, .... 
 
 257 
 
 preparations, . 
 
 1 140 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 confection, 
 
 257 
 
 renewer, 
 
 icSi 
 
 white, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 Hive syrup, . 
 
 817 
 
 renovator, . 
 
 1082 
 
 wine, comp., . 
 
 1014 
 
 Hoarhound com 
 
 
 restorer, . . 
 
 10S2 
 
 Helleborus, niger, fl. 
 
 
 pound, fl. ext. 
 
 483 
 
 restorer, Mrs. Al 
 
 
 ext 
 
 4G9 
 
 compound syrup 
 
 828 
 
 len's, 
 
 ■ 1083 
 
 Helminthocortus sy- 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 tonic, katharion, 
 
 10S3 
 
 rup, .... 
 
 822 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 tonics, . 
 
 1083 
 
 Helonias, fl. ext., 462, 487 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 vigor, . . . 
 
 1082 
 
 fl. ext., comp., 
 
 483 
 
 tar and honey, 
 
 1066 
 
 vitalizer, 
 
 1082 
 
 comp. elixir, . 
 
 333 
 
 Hock syrup, . 
 
 857 
 
 wash, 
 
 1084 
 
 Helonin 
 
 732 
 
 Hoffmann's anodyn 
 
 -, 760 
 
 Haller's acid drops, 
 
 73 
 
 Hemidesmus, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 balsamic mixture 
 
 628 
 
 acid elixir, 
 
 380 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 803 
 
 balsam of life, 
 
 62S 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1241 
 
 vicerale elixir, 38 
 
 I, 343 
 
 Hungarian turpentine, 663 
 
 H ydrated oxide of 
 
 
 Hog cholera cure, 
 
 1058 
 
 turpentine oil, 
 
 652 
 
 bismuth, . . . 
 
 i95 
 
 powder, . . 
 
 1057 
 
 Hunn's life drops. 
 
 1127 
 
 oxide of iron, 
 
 507 
 
 Hog gum, 
 
 727 
 
 Hunyadijanos water, 869 
 
 oxide of tin, . 
 
 773 
 
 Holloway's pills, 
 
 1127 
 
 Husband's magnesia, 599 
 
 oxide of iron with 
 
 
 Holzthee, . . . 
 
 75S 
 
 Huxham's tincture, 
 
 901 
 
 magnesia, . . 
 
 508 
 
 Homoeopathic solu 
 
 
 Hyacinth oil, 
 
 654 
 
 per oxide of tin, 
 
 773 
 
 tions, . . 
 
 955 
 
 Hydracides, . 
 
 533 
 
 Hydrates, . . . 
 
 667 
 
 triturations. 
 
 957 
 
 Hydramines, 
 
 96 
 
 of tin, . . . 
 
 773 
 
 tinctures, . 
 
 953 
 
 Hydrangea, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 Hydride of phenyl, 
 
 1S9 
 
 Honduras bark, fl 
 
 
 H ydrargy ri c h 1 r 
 
 
 phosphorus, 
 
 674 
 
 ext 
 
 473 
 
 dumcorrosivum 
 
 . 526 
 
 Hydrides, 
 
 532 
 
 Honey, balsam of, 
 
 1S4 
 
 chloridum mite, 
 
 525 
 
 carbon 
 
 213 
 
 borax, . 
 
 618 
 
 cyanidum, . 
 
 526 
 
 Hydriodate of morph. 
 
 122 
 
 clarified, . . 
 
 618 
 
 iodidum rubrum, 
 
 527 
 
 Hydriodic acid, . 
 
 540 
 
 cough, . 
 
 1063 
 
 iodidum viride, 
 
 528 
 
 acid diluted, . 
 
 50 
 
 glycerin, . . 
 
 "47 
 
 oxidum flavum, 
 
 523 
 
 acid syrup, 
 
 793 
 
 hoarhound and tar 
 
 , 1066 
 
 oxidum rubrum, 
 
 529 
 
 Hydriodic ether, 
 
 73 
 
 rose, 
 
 618 
 
 persulphas, 
 
 529 
 
 Hydro-acids, . . 
 
 532 
 
 spirit compound, 
 
 772 
 
 subsulphas flavus 
 
 530 
 
 Hydrobromate f 
 
 
 Honeys, . 
 
 61S 
 
 sulphidum rubrun 
 
 1, 531 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 122 
 
 Hope's camphor mix 
 
 t. 628 
 
 Hydrargyrum, . 
 
 523 
 
 quinine, 
 
 126 
 
 Hop bitters, . . 
 
 1037 
 
 ammoniatum, . 
 
 524 
 
 Hydrobromic acid, . 
 
 201 
 
 extract, 
 
 44S 
 
 cum crete, . 
 
 523 
 
 acid diluted, . 56, 59 
 
 infusion, 
 
 533 
 
 Hydrastia, 
 
 "7 
 
 ether, ... 78, 79 
 
 Hoptree, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 Hydrastin, 109, 11 
 
 7, 732 
 
 Hydrocarbon oil, 
 
 654 
 
 Hops, elixir, . . 
 
 333 
 
 Hydrastina, . . 
 
 "7 
 
 Hydrocarbons, 532 
 
 643 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 462 
 
 Ilydrastine, . 
 
 117 
 
 Hydrocarbon series, 
 
 213 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 colorless solution, 
 
 1129 
 
 Hydrochlorate f 
 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 Hydrastis elixir, 
 
 334 
 
 berberine, . 
 
 IO9 
 
 tincture, 
 
 914 
 
 and bismuth c-lixi 
 
 . 335 
 
 cocaine, . . . 
 
 113 
 
 Horse brimstone, 
 
 780 
 
 elixir, ferriphos 
 
 
 cocaine elixir, 
 
 319 
 
 chestnut bark, fl 
 
 
 phated, . . 
 
 334 
 
 conine 
 
 "5 
 
 extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 and iron elixir, 
 
 334 
 
 gelsemine, . 
 
 "7 
 
 chestnut seeds, fl 
 
 
 iron and bismuth 
 
 
 morphine, . 105 
 
 121 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 468 
 
 elixir, 
 
 335 
 
 pilocarpine, . . 
 
 124 
 
 chestnut tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 iron and strychnin 
 
 e 
 
 propylamine, . 
 
 133 
 
 Horsemint, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 elixir, . . 
 
 335 
 
 quinine, 
 
 126 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 fluid, . . . 
 
 480 
 
 trimethylamine, . 
 
 133 
 
 Horseradish spiri 
 
 . 
 
 fluid ext., . 46 
 
 4, 480 
 
 Hydrochloric acid, 
 
 
 compound, . 
 
 764 
 
 fluid ext., aqueou 
 
 s, 490 
 
 . . . . 56, 60 
 
 236 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 fl. ext., purified, 
 
 480 
 
 acid diluted, . 56, 6<> 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 fluid ext., withou 
 
 
 ether 
 
 73 
 
 Hoi 1 tail, fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 alcohol, . . 
 
 4')" 
 
 Hydrocotarine, . 
 
 666 
 
 I [orsford's acid pho 
 
 s- 
 
 injection comp. 
 
 1087 
 
 1 [ydrocyanic acid, . 
 
 267 
 
 phate, 
 
 1023 
 
 tincture, 
 
 914 
 
 diluted, ... 56, 61 
 
 Horticultural ink, 
 
 1178 
 
 tincture compouni 
 
 1, 950 
 
 inhalation, 
 
 996 
 
 Hospital emulsion, 
 
 405 
 
 Hydrate of allyl, 
 
 134 
 
 Hydrofluoric acid, . 
 
 513 
 
 quinine, . . 
 
 129 
 
 amyl. 
 
 95 
 
 Hydrogenium, . 
 
 532 
 
 Hoi drops, 
 
 951 
 
 aluminium. 
 
 139 
 
 Hydrogen, . . 55 
 
 532 
 
 egg phosphate, 
 
 867 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 141 
 
 carburetted, 
 
 213 
 
 lemonade, . 
 
 867 
 
 barium, 
 
 18S 
 
 carburetted light, 
 
 213 
 
 soda syrups, . 
 
 866 
 
 bromal, 
 
 _•, « , 
 
 carburetted heavy, 
 
 2 1 3 
 
 1 lound's tongue, il 
 
 
 chloral, . . . 
 
 233 
 
 per oxide, [88 
 
 532 
 
 extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 chloral elixir, . 
 
 3M 
 
 per oxide solution, 
 
 589 
 
 tongue syrup, 
 
 824 
 
 ethyl, . . . 
 
 86 
 
 per sulphide, . 
 
 7-1 
 
 11 oy t s <;<-r ma 1 
 
 1 
 
 lime, 
 
 2<«S 
 
 phosphoretted, 
 
 
 cologne, 
 
 1158 
 
 methyl, 
 
 
 sulphide, . . . 
 
 78. 
 
 Huckleberry e x t 
 
 430 
 
 nickel, . 
 
 634 
 
 sulphuretted, . 
 
 781 
 
 syrup, . . 8j 
 
 0, 857 
 
 potassium, 
 
 7(MI 
 
 telluretted, . . 
 
 J74 
 
 I lumulus elixir, 
 
 333 
 
 sodium, 
 
 746 
 
 Hydrosulphide of 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 462 
 
 I [ydrated alumina, 
 
 1 19 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 149 
 
1242 
 
 sul- 
 sull 
 
 Hydroxides, . 
 Hyoscyamus, ext. 
 
 alcoholic, 
 Hyoscia, . . . 
 Hyoscine, . . 
 Hyoscina, 
 Hyoscyamia, . 
 Hyoscyamin, 
 Hyoscyamine, 
 Hyoscyamina, 
 Hyoscyamine 
 
 phas. 
 Hyoscyamine 
 
 ph'ate, . . . 
 Hyoscyami folia, fl. 
 extract, . 
 
 radix, fl. extract, 
 
 semen, fl. extract, 
 Hyoscyamus, abst'ct, 
 
 elixir 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 juice 
 
 liniment, . . . 
 
 oil, 
 
 seed oil, . . . 
 
 s y ru P 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 Hypericum, tl. ext., 
 Hypnotics, . . . : 
 
 suppositories, 
 Hypochlorous acid, 
 Hypodermic tablets, 
 
 compressed, 
 Hyponitrous oxide, 
 Hypophosphite of 
 
 ammonium, 
 calcium, . . . 
 calcium elixir, 
 calcium syrup, 
 calcium and sodi- 
 um syrup, . 
 calcium, sodium 
 
 and potas. syr., 
 calcium, sodium, 
 
 potassium and 
 
 iron syrup 
 iron, . . 
 iron elixir, . 
 iron syrup, 
 iron and calcium 
 
 syrup, . . 
 iron and manga 
 
 nese syrup, 
 lime, 
 lime syrup, 
 lime and soda, 
 lime and soda syr 
 lime, soda and po 
 
 tassa syrup 
 lime, soda, po 
 
 tassa and iron 
 
 syrup, 
 
 467 
 469 
 462 
 
 48 
 335 
 467 
 
 775 
 640 
 
 6411 
 642 
 
 825 
 <)i5 
 47.; 
 098 
 787 
 236 
 
 872 
 &35 
 
 149 
 207 
 
 335 
 S34 
 
 835 
 
 835 
 
 835 
 505 
 336 
 8'36 
 
 S36 
 
 836 
 207 
 834 
 309 
 
 S35 
 
 835 
 
 Hypophosphite of 
 
 manganese, 
 manganese syrup 
 potassium, 
 sodium, . . 
 sodium elixir, 
 sodium syrup, 
 Hypophosphites, 
 compound elixir 
 compound, 
 glycerite, , 
 iron, quinine and 
 
 strychnine s y 
 
 rup, . . . 
 solution comp., 
 syrup compound 
 syrup, . 
 syrup with iron, 
 syrup compound 
 
 Fellow's, 
 syrup comp. with 
 
 lactopeptine 
 comp. syrup with 
 
 quinine and 
 
 strychnine, . 
 Hypophosph o r o u 
 
 acid, . 
 acid diluted, 
 oxide, . 
 Hyposulphite of so 
 
 dium, 
 Hypo-sulphurous 
 
 acid, ... 
 Hyssop or hyssopus, 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 oil 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 615 
 836 
 707 
 751 
 336 
 836 
 675 
 336 
 1085 
 520 
 
 573 
 835 
 803 
 804 
 
 837 
 
 837 
 
 675 
 56, 61 
 
 674 
 
 752 
 
 78i 
 
 475 
 652 
 823 
 
 Ice camphor, 
 
 camphor, with gly- 
 cerine, 
 
 camp'r, carbolat'd, 
 
 glycerin. 
 Iceland moss, fl. ext. 
 
 moss syrup, . . 
 
 moss comp. syr., 
 Ice plant, fluid ext., 
 Ignatia, abstract, 
 
 elixir 
 
 fluid ext., . 462 
 
 tincture, 
 Illicium, anisatum, 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 Ilix Paraguayensis, 
 fluid extract, . 
 Imitation arrack, . 
 Imperatoria fl. ext., 
 Indelible ink, 
 
 laundry ink, . 
 
 • 1 103 
 
 1 146 
 
 1 146 
 
 1147 
 
 473 
 
 822 
 
 826 
 
 469 
 
 48 
 
 336 
 
 480 
 
 915 
 
 646 
 
 469 
 
 475 
 11SS 
 
 462 
 H75 
 "75 
 
 1174 
 725 
 489 
 444 
 459 
 652 
 
 893 
 
 India ink, 
 
 rubber, .... 
 
 Indian bael, fl. ext., 
 cannabis extract, 
 cannabis, fl. ext., 
 cannabis oil, . . 
 cannabis tincture, 
 hemp, black, fl. ext., 468 
 hemp, fluid ext., . 459 
 hemp, tincture, . 893 
 hemp, white, fl. ext. , 461 
 liniment, . . . 1094 
 physic, fluid ext., 462 
 sarsaparilla, fl. ext., 475 
 sarsaparilla syrup, 803 
 tobacco seed, fl. ext ,462 
 turnip, fl. extract, 
 
 465, 487 
 
 Indigo, 
 compound, 
 extract, . 
 paste, . 
 soluble, 
 suplate, 
 
 wild, fl. ext., 461, 487 
 
 wild, tincture, 
 Indigofera, 
 Indigotin, 
 Infants' and inva 
 
 lids' foods, . 
 Infusa, . . . 
 Infusion, . . . 
 
 bearberry, . . 
 
 brayera, . . 
 
 buchu, . 
 
 calumba, . 
 
 cascarilla, . 
 
 catechu, 
 
 chamomile, 
 
 chiratre, 
 
 cinchona, . 
 
 cinchona, acid, 
 
 cloves, . . . 
 
 cusparia, 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 ergot, . . 
 
 gentian comp 
 
 hop, 
 
 jaborandi, . 
 
 kousso, . . 
 
 linseed, . . 
 
 matico, 
 
 orange peel, . 
 
 orange peel, comp 
 
 quassia, 
 
 rhatany, 
 
 rhubarb, . . 
 
 roses, ac'd, 
 
 senega, . . . 
 
 senna, . 
 
 senna, comp., 
 
 serpentaria;, .. 
 
 876 
 877 
 
 S77 
 877 
 877 
 877 
 
 947 
 876 
 876 
 
 1172 
 533 
 33 
 538 
 534 
 537 
 537 
 537 
 537 
 536 
 537 
 535 
 537 
 537 
 537 
 
 535, 537 
 537 
 537 
 538 
 538 
 
 534, 537 
 538 
 538 
 536 
 536 
 538 
 533 
 538 
 538 
 538 
 538 
 536 
 538 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1243 
 
 Infusion serpentary, 
 
 53S 
 
 1 Irk, eosine, . 
 
 "73 
 
 Iodide cadmium, 
 
 203 
 
 valerian, 
 
 539 
 
 eraser 
 
 1178 
 
 calcium, . . . 
 
 210 
 
 wild cherry, 
 
 535 
 
 erasing fluids, 
 
 117S 
 
 calcium elixir, 
 
 330 
 
 Infusions, . . . 
 
 533 
 
 gold 
 
 "77 
 
 calcium syrup, 
 
 838 
 
 general formula for 
 
 , 533 
 
 green 
 
 "73 
 
 chromium, . . . 
 
 239 
 
 Infusum anthemidis, 
 
 536 
 
 hektograph, . 
 
 "75 
 
 gold 
 
 180 
 
 aurantii, 
 
 536 
 
 horticultural, . . 
 
 1178 
 
 iron, . . . . 
 
 506 
 
 aurantii comp. , . 
 
 536 
 
 indelible, . . . 
 
 "75 
 
 iron, tasteless. 
 
 506 
 
 bray eras, 
 
 534 
 
 indelible laundry, 
 
 "75 
 
 iron elix. tasteless. 
 
 337 
 
 buchu 
 
 537 
 
 India 
 
 11 74 
 
 iron, saccharated, 
 
 505 
 
 columbae. . . . 
 
 537 
 
 Japan, .... 
 
 "73 
 
 iron syrup. 
 
 800 
 
 carophylli, 
 
 537 
 
 marking, . 
 
 1176 
 
 iron syr. tasteless. 
 
 S39 
 
 cascarillas, . 
 
 537 
 
 marking cotton, . 
 
 1176 
 
 iron and manga- 
 
 
 catechu, . . . 
 
 537 
 
 marking, in cakes, 
 
 1176 
 
 nese syrup, . 
 
 839 
 
 chiratae, . . . 
 
 537 
 
 maroon, 
 
 "73 
 
 lead 
 
 694 
 
 cinchonas, . 
 
 535 
 
 powders, . 
 
 1176 
 
 lead plaster, . . 
 
 390 
 
 cinchona;, acidum, 
 
 537 
 
 purple, .... 
 
 "73 
 
 lead ointment. 
 
 98 5 
 
 cusparias, . 
 
 537 
 
 red 
 
 1172 
 
 lime syrup, 
 
 838 
 
 cusso 
 
 537 
 
 rubber stamp, 
 
 1 176 
 
 lithium, 
 
 595 
 
 digitalis, . 53: 
 
 . 537 
 
 school 
 
 "73 
 
 mercury ointment, 
 
 
 ergotas, .... 
 
 537 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 "77 
 
 red 
 
 9S0 
 
 gentianas comp., . 
 
 537 
 
 stamping indelible 
 
 1176 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 602 
 
 jaborandi. . . . 
 
 538 
 
 violet 
 
 1172 
 
 manganese. 
 
 615 
 
 kramerias, . . . 
 
 538 
 
 violet-black. . . 
 
 "74 
 
 manganese syrup, 
 
 839 
 
 lini 
 
 538 
 
 violet, perfumed, 
 
 "73 
 
 potassium . . . 
 
 707 
 
 lupuli 
 
 538 
 
 white 
 
 "77 
 
 potassium elixir. . 
 
 327 
 
 maticas, 
 
 538 
 
 yellow 
 
 "73 
 
 potassium elixir, 
 
 
 pruni Virgmianas, 
 
 535 
 
 Inks 
 
 1172 
 
 compound, . 
 
 10S7 
 
 quassias, . . . 
 
 538 
 
 copying. . . . 
 
 "75 
 
 potassium 1 i n i - 
 
 
 rhei 
 
 538 
 
 copying, colored, 
 
 "75 
 
 ment with soap, 
 
 545 
 
 rosas acidum, . 
 
 538 
 
 hektograph, 
 
 "75 
 
 potassium i n t - 
 
 
 senegas, 
 
 538 
 
 ribbon, .... 
 
 "77 
 
 ment, . . . 
 
 986 
 
 sennas, .... 
 
 538 
 
 sympathetic, 240, 
 
 "77 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 173 
 
 sennas compositum 
 
 .536 
 
 Inosit 
 
 735 
 
 sodium, 
 
 752 
 
 uvas ursi, . 
 
 538 
 
 Insect powder, . . 
 
 721 
 
 starch, .... 
 
 153 
 
 Valeriana.-, . 
 
 539 
 
 Inspissated juices, . 
 
 441 
 
 starch, soluble, 
 
 154 
 
 Inhalation of chlorine 
 
 ,996 
 
 oxgall, .... 
 
 497 
 
 starch syrup, . 
 
 839 
 
 conine, .... 
 
 996 
 
 Inula Helenium.fl.ext. 469 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 780 
 
 creasote, . . . 
 
 996 
 
 extract 
 
 447 
 
 sulphur ointment. 
 
 
 fir-wool oil. 
 
 996 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 .... 992 
 
 , 989 
 
 hydrocyanic acid, 
 
 996 
 
 Inulin, .... 
 
 733 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 1018 
 
 iodine 
 
 996 
 
 Invisible face powd., 
 
 "35 
 
 Iodides, .... 
 
 540 
 
 Inhalant asthma. 
 
 1030 
 
 Iodal 
 
 96 
 
 and bromides of 
 
 
 carbolate of iodine, 
 
 10S6 
 
 Iodamyl 
 
 151 
 
 calcium comp., 
 
 1088 
 
 excelsior, . 
 
 1086 
 
 Iodate of calcium, , . 
 
 210 
 
 tin, 
 
 773 
 
 menthol, 
 
 1086 
 
 potassium, . . . 
 
 7" 
 
 Iodinal collodion, . 
 
 243 
 
 Inhalants, . . . 
 
 10S5 
 
 Iodates 
 
 540 
 
 Iodine 
 
 540 
 
 Inhalers 
 
 1085 
 
 todia 
 
 1087 
 
 carbolate given iu-, 
 
 520 
 
 Injection brou, . . 
 
 1087 
 
 Iodic anhydride, 
 
 54o 
 
 carbolate inhalant, 
 
 1086 
 
 hydrastis comp., . 
 
 1087 
 
 acid, .... 
 
 54i 
 
 colorless tincture, 
 
 521 
 
 rose, .... 
 
 1. .17 
 
 Iodide of ammonium 
 
 147 
 
 colorless solution, 
 
 521 
 
 Injections, 
 
 !.,-(, 
 
 alteratives, . . 
 
 1087 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 521 
 
 Ink. black, . . . 
 
 "73 
 
 aluminium. . . 
 
 140 
 
 inhalation, 
 
 996 
 
 black logwood, . 
 
 "73 
 
 ammonium linim't, 
 
 ,,„,- 
 
 liniment, . . . 
 
 545 
 
 blue 
 
 "73 
 
 amyl, .... 
 
 151 
 
 LugOl'S caustic sol. 
 
 538 
 
 brown 
 
 "73 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 159 
 
 1^ 
 
 54o 
 
 carmine, . . . 
 
 876 
 
 arsenic, 
 
 178 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 982 
 
 carmine, red, . . 
 
 246 
 
 arsenicum, . . 
 
 178 
 
 ointment, comp., . 
 
 983 
 
 carmine, true, 
 
 "73 
 
 arsenic and mercu- 
 
 
 soap 
 
 744 
 
 chromograph, 
 
 "75 
 
 ry solution, 
 
 55o 
 
 solution, COmp., . 
 
 559 
 
 copying, . . . 
 
 "74 
 
 barium, 
 
 [88 
 
 solution Lugol'fl 
 
 
 copying, French, 
 
 "74 
 
 bromine, 
 
 201 
 
 rubefacient, 
 
 588 
 
1244 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Iodine tincture, . 
 
 915 
 
 Iron ammonium sul- 
 
 
 Iron lactophosphate, 
 
 
 tincture, decolorized, 950 
 
 phate, . . 503 
 
 510 
 
 solution. . . . 
 
 573 
 
 tincture, etherial, 
 
 952 
 
 ammonium tartrate 
 
 . 503 
 
 lactophosphate, sy- 
 
 
 tincture, comp., . 
 
 916 
 
 arseniate, . . . 
 
 499 
 
 rup 
 
 841 
 
 Iodized starch, . 
 
 153 
 
 beef wine of, . . 
 
 1007 
 
 malate, .... 
 
 512 
 
 cod liver oil, 399 
 
 1126 
 
 beef and cinchona 
 
 
 manganese hypo- 
 
 
 Iodo-bromide of cal- 
 
 
 wine, 
 
 1008 
 
 phosphite syrup, 
 
 836 
 
 cium, comp. so- 
 
 
 benzoate, . 
 
 5ii 
 
 manganese iodide 
 
 
 lution, . 5S3. 
 
 10S8 
 
 bitters 
 
 103S 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 839 
 
 ferrated cod liver 
 
 
 bitter wine of. 
 
 
 mixture, aromatic, 
 
 623 
 
 oil, . . ._ . 
 
 1126 
 
 . . 1002, iooS, 
 
 1014 
 
 mixture, compound 
 
 623 
 
 ferrated emulsion 
 
 
 bromide, 
 
 511 
 
 muriate tincture, . 
 
 907 
 
 cod liver oil, 
 
 400 
 
 bromide syrup, 
 
 799 
 
 nitrate, .... 
 
 512 
 
 Iodoform, 
 
 539 
 
 bromide syrup, 
 
 
 nitrate solution, . 
 
 556 
 
 collodion, . 
 
 244 
 
 tasteless, 
 
 831 
 
 nitrogenized, . . 
 
 840 
 
 cotton, .... 
 
 539 
 
 by hydrogen, . 
 
 499 
 
 oleate 
 
 658 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 983 
 
 carbonate, . . . 
 
 5" 
 
 ore, chrome, . . 
 
 702 
 
 suppositories, . . 
 
 7S9 
 
 carbonate mass, . 
 
 616 
 
 oxalate, 
 
 507 
 
 tincture, etherial, 
 
 952 
 
 chloride, 
 
 500 
 
 oxide, moist, . 
 
 507 
 
 Iodohydrargyrate of 
 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 554 
 
 oxide, saccharated, 
 
 512 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 712 
 
 chloride solution, 
 
 
 oxide syrup, 
 
 801 
 
 Iodum, .... 
 
 540 
 
 (tasteless), . 
 
 57° 
 
 oxides 
 
 512 
 
 Ipecac, American, 
 
 
 chloride tincture, 
 
 907 
 
 oxychloridesol., . 
 
 557 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 462 
 
 etherial, . . . 
 
 908 
 
 pepsin, elixir, . . 
 
 353 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 327 
 
 tasteless, . . 
 
 570 
 
 pepsin and strych- 
 
 
 or ipecacuanha, fl. 
 
 
 cinchona wine, 
 
 1008 
 
 nine elixir, . 
 
 353 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 478 
 
 citrate, .... 
 
 501 
 
 pepsin wine, . 
 
 1012 
 
 fl. ext.. aqueous, 
 
 490 
 
 citrate and ammo- 
 
 
 perchloride solution 
 
 ,555 
 
 and opium elixir. 
 
 337 
 
 nium. 
 
 502 
 
 perchloride tinct., 
 
 908 
 
 and opium powder 
 
 717 
 
 citrate elixir. . 
 
 317 
 
 per-nitrate solution 
 
 556 
 
 and opium syrup, 
 
 82S 
 
 citrate of, soluble, 
 
 502 
 
 persulphate, . . 
 
 512 
 
 and opium tinct., 
 
 
 citrate solution, . 
 
 555 
 
 persulphate solution 
 
 .557 
 
 .... 917 
 
 . 950 
 
 citrate syrup, . 
 
 S33 
 
 phosphate, . 508 
 
 509 
 
 powder comp., 
 
 717 
 
 conium mixture, 
 
 
 elixir, 
 
 356 
 
 and senega, fl. ext. 
 
 483 
 
 Tully's, . . . 
 
 629 
 
 quinine elixir, . 
 
 356 
 
 syrup 
 
 S05 
 
 dialysed, . 272 
 
 512 
 
 quin. and strych- 
 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 1003 
 
 dialysed, elixir, 
 
 323 
 
 nine elixir, 
 
 357 
 
 tincture, 
 
 917 
 
 dialysed in scales, 
 
 272 
 
 solution, . 
 
 575 
 
 troches, 
 
 963 
 
 dialysed, solution, 
 
 554 
 
 syrup, . 801 
 
 844 
 
 Ipecacuanha spurge, 
 
 
 dialysed, syrup, . 
 
 840 
 
 white, . . . 
 
 512 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 465 
 
 ferrocyanide, . 
 
 512 
 
 plaster 
 
 385 
 
 Ipomoea jalapa, fl. ext 
 
 .462 
 
 hydrated oxide, . 
 
 507 
 
 potassium tartrate, 
 
 504 
 
 Iridin, 
 
 733 
 
 hydrated oxide with 
 
 powdered, . 
 
 498 
 
 Iris extract, . . . 
 
 447 
 
 magnesia, . 
 
 508 
 
 protoctrate solution 
 
 578 
 
 Irish whisky, . . 
 
 1 190 
 
 hypophosphite, 
 
 505 
 
 protoxide elixir, . 
 
 359 
 
 Irisin, 
 
 733 
 
 hypophosphite elix. 
 
 ,336 
 
 iodide of calcium 
 
 
 Iris, Florentina, fl. 
 
 
 hypophosphite so- 
 
 
 elixir, . 
 
 359 
 
 extract, . 
 
 362 
 
 lution, 
 
 572 
 
 iodide of potas- 
 
 
 Florentina, tinct., 
 
 94S 
 
 hypophosphite sy- 
 
 
 sium elixir, . 
 
 360 
 
 versicolor, fl. ext. 
 
 
 rup 
 
 836 
 
 quinine elixir, . 
 
 360 
 
 .... 464 
 
 4S7 
 
 iodide 
 
 506 
 
 quin. and strych- 
 
 
 versicolor, tinct., 
 
 947 
 
 iodide elixir, taste- 
 
 
 nine elixir, 
 
 360 
 
 Iron 
 
 498 
 
 less, .... 
 
 337 
 
 solution, . 
 
 578 
 
 acetate, 
 
 5" 
 
 iodide, saccharated, 
 
 505 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 847 
 
 acetate solution, . 
 
 553 
 
 iodide, syrup. . . 
 
 800 
 
 pyrites, .... 
 
 512 
 
 acetate tincture, . 
 
 906 
 
 iodide svrup, taste- 
 
 
 pyrophosphate, 
 
 509 
 
 albuminate, 
 
 5S6 
 
 less, '. . . . 
 
 839 
 
 elixir, 
 
 360 
 
 alum 
 
 510 
 
 iodide, tasteless, . 
 
 506 
 
 quinine elixir, 361 
 
 362 
 
 ammonio- chloride 
 
 
 lactate, . . . 
 
 506 
 
 quinine and ar- 
 
 
 tincture, . 
 
 949 
 
 lactate of, elixir, . 
 
 339 
 
 senic elixir, . 
 
 363 
 
 ammonium citrate, 
 
 
 lactate, syrup, 
 
 840 
 
 quin. and strych- 
 
 
 solution, . . 
 
 .571 
 
 lacto-phosphate, . 
 
 512 
 
 nine elixir, 361 
 
 363 
 
INDEX. 
 
 124.5 
 
 Iron pyrophosphate 
 
 
 Isodulcit 
 
 73 s 
 
 Jelly, benzin, 
 
 1 169 
 
 solution, . . . 
 
 578 
 
 Isomethyl benzene, 
 
 190 
 
 glycerin, 
 
 "47 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 847 
 
 Isonandro gutta. 
 
 725 
 
 Jersey tea. fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 Quevenne's by hy- 
 
 
 Issue plaster, 
 
 393 
 
 jockey club extract, 
 
 "55 
 
 drogen, . . . 
 
 499 
 
 Itch ointment, 
 
 1 104 
 
 sachet 
 
 "59 
 
 quinine citrate, 
 
 502 
 
 Ivory-black, . . . 
 
 211 
 
 Jonquil oil. 
 
 654 
 
 citrate elixir, 
 
 317 
 
 Ivy, American, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 Johnswort, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 citrate, solution, 
 
 555 
 
 Ivy, poison, fl. ext., 
 
 
 Judas tree, fl. extract 
 
 , 473 
 
 citrate syrup, . 
 
 834 
 
 ' 462 
 
 487 
 
 juglans cineria, fl. 
 
 
 pepsin elixir, . 
 
 354 
 
 
 
 extract, . 465 
 
 , 4S7 
 
 phosphate syrup, 
 
 847 
 
 J 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 447 
 
 phosphorus and 
 
 
 
 nigra, fl. extract., 
 
 475 
 
 strych. elixir. 
 
 358 
 
 Jaborandi, elixir, 
 
 33S 
 
 regia, fl. extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 strychnine citrate 
 
 503 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 447 
 
 Juice, alterative, 
 
 1027 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 357 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 472 
 
 beef 
 
 416 
 
 strychnine syrup, 
 
 S02 
 
 infusion, 
 
 538 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 775 
 
 strychnine citrate 
 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 broom 
 
 776 
 
 elixir, . . . 
 
 318 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 917 
 
 chicory, . . . 
 
 776 
 
 strychnine citrate 
 
 
 Jacaranda, caroba, 
 
 
 dandelion, . 
 
 776 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 S34 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 475 
 
 fruit 
 
 776 
 
 strychnine hypo- 
 
 
 Jackson's cholera 
 
 
 hemlock, . . . 
 
 775 
 
 phosphites syr. 
 
 55- 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 628 
 
 henbane, . . . 
 
 775 
 
 strychnine phos- 
 
 
 cough mixture, . 
 
 628 
 
 juniper berries, . 
 
 775 
 
 phate syrup, . 
 
 847 
 
 cough syrup, . . 
 
 628 
 
 meat, .... 
 
 416 
 
 reduced, . 498 
 
 499 
 
 Jalapenseife, . . . 
 
 74i 
 
 Juices 
 
 775 
 
 saccharated carbon. 
 
 500 
 
 Jalap, abstract, . . 
 
 48 
 
 inspissated, 
 
 442 
 
 salicylate, . 
 
 512 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 447 
 
 Julep camphor, . 
 
 1000 
 
 sodium albuminate 
 
 
 or Jalapa fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 Juniper berries, ext., 
 
 775 
 
 syrup, 
 
 S40 
 
 powder, compound 
 
 717 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 338 
 
 sodium citrochlor- 
 
 
 resin, .... 
 
 723 
 
 essence, 
 
 412 
 
 ide solution. 
 
 570 
 
 rhubarb, fl. ext., . 
 
 4S3 
 
 juice inspissated, . 
 
 775 
 
 solution, dialysed, 
 
 272 
 
 senna, fl. ext., 
 
 483 
 
 oil 
 
 648 
 
 strychnine citrate, 
 
 503 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 741 
 
 spirit, . . . . 
 
 767 
 
 strychnine citrate 
 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 823 
 
 spirit, compound, 
 
 768 
 
 elixir, 
 
 318 
 
 tincture, 
 
 918 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 823 
 
 strych. citrate syr. , 
 
 834 
 
 wild, fl. ext., . . 
 
 474 
 
 tar, ... 64S 
 
 694 
 
 subcarbonate, . . 
 
 5" 
 
 Jalapin 
 
 733 
 
 tar ointment, . 
 
 993 
 
 subsulphate solution, 5 57 
 
 Jamaica ginger es- 
 
 
 tar soap, 
 
 744 
 
 succinate, . . . 
 
 512 
 
 sence, . 417, 
 
 1073 
 
 wood oil, . 
 
 64S 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 509 
 
 extract, . . 417, 
 
 1073 
 
 Juniperus communis, 
 
 726 
 
 sulphate dried, 
 
 510 
 
 extract, aromatic, 
 
 1074 
 
 
 
 sulphate precipit'd, 
 
 5io 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 417 
 
 
 
 sulphide, . . . 
 
 512 
 
 rum, . . . . 
 
 1188 
 
 K 
 
 
 sulpho-carbolate, 
 
 
 rum, artificial, 
 
 11S8 
 
 
 
 .... 512 
 
 782 
 
 rum essence, . 
 
 1 1 So. 
 
 Kairina 
 
 "9 
 
 tannate, 
 
 512 
 
 James' powder, . 
 
 714 
 
 Kairine 
 
 110 
 
 tart rated, . 
 
 504 
 
 Japan black, . 
 
 724 
 
 elixir 
 
 333 
 
 tersulphate solution 
 
 ,558 
 
 ink 
 
 1173 
 
 Kalium 
 
 699 
 
 tincture chloride, 
 
 907 
 
 lacquer, . . . 
 
 182 
 
 Kalmia, latifolia, fl. 
 
 
 tastel* - 
 
 570 
 
 wax 
 
 216 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 tonic, ... 
 
 1 1 i.j 
 
 Japanese camphor, . 
 
 649 
 
 Kamala, or kamccla. 
 
 
 tonic bitters, . . 
 
 1039 
 
 menthol, 
 
 64g 
 
 11. extra. 1. . . 
 
 l'-' 
 
 troches, . . . 
 
 902 
 
 Jasmine oil, . 
 
 654 
 
 tincture, 
 
 M- 
 
 valerianate, . . 
 
 5ii 
 
 extract, triple, 
 
 Us' 
 
 Kaolin 
 
 '." 
 
 valerianate elixir, 
 
 375 
 
 yellow, tl. ext., 401 
 
 ,487 
 
 Katbarion hair tonic, 
 
 I083 
 
 wine, . . 1001, 
 
 IOIO 
 
 yellow, tincture 
 
 909 
 
 Kava kava tl ext., 
 
 462 
 
 wine bitters, . . 
 
 1040 
 
 Jaundice bitti 
 
 1042 
 
 Keeper, cider, 
 
 1 1 S3 
 
 wire 
 
 498 
 
 Javelle's solution, 
 
 
 KermeS, mineral, . 
 
 160 
 
 Iron wood, tl. ext , . 
 
 475 
 
 ter, . . s ( >" 
 
 , 588 
 
 Kerosene oil, 
 
 
 Isinglass 
 
 513 
 
 oniadiaphylla, 
 
 
 Kidney leaf, ll ext., 
 
 4''- 
 
 plaster 
 
 387 
 
 fluid extraet, . 
 
 175 
 
 root, tl. ext., . . 
 
 465 
 
 [sobutyl benzene, . 
 
 190 
 
 Jelly, arnica, . . . 
 
 ' ' 1: 
 
 liver remedies 
 
 I089 
 
1246 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kidney and liverwort 
 
 
 Lactophosphate ol 
 
 
 Laundry wax, 
 
 1182 
 
 tea, .... 
 
 1092 
 
 calcium with pep- 
 
 
 Laurel, great, fluid 
 
 
 Killer, corn, . 
 
 1059 
 
 sin elixir, 
 
 341 
 
 extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 pain 
 
 1032 
 
 calcium with pep- 
 
 
 mountain, fluid 
 
 
 Kino 
 
 727 
 
 sin syrup, 
 
 S41 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 495 
 
 calcium syrup, 84 
 
 1, 797 
 
 oil, expressed, 
 
 638 
 
 liquid extract, 
 
 495 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 841 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 powder comp. , 
 
 717 
 
 lime elixir, . . . 
 
 340 
 
 Laurus nobilis, . 
 
 638 
 
 tincture, 
 
 918 
 
 lime syrup, . 79 
 
 7,841 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 469 
 
 Kirkland's, cerate, . 
 
 224 
 
 magnanese syrup, 
 
 841 
 
 Lavender cologne or 
 
 
 lotion, .... 
 
 597 
 
 Lactoph osphates 
 
 
 water, . . . 
 
 1158 
 
 Kissengen water, 
 
 
 compound solution, 574 
 
 essence, 
 
 413 
 
 solution, . . . 
 
 869 
 
 compound syrup 
 
 842 
 
 for perfumes, . 
 
 1152 
 
 Kola nut, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 Lactose, . 
 
 735 
 
 or lavendula, fluid 
 
 
 Koumiss, .... 
 
 541 
 
 Lactucarium elixir, 
 
 342 
 
 extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 Kousso, fl. ext., . 
 
 459 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 478 
 
 oil, ...... 
 
 648 
 
 infusion, . 534 
 
 537 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 S06 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 768 
 
 Krameria, fl. ext., . 
 
 472 
 
 syrup Aubergier's 
 
 806 
 
 spirit compound, . 
 
 919 
 
 tincture, 
 
 919 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 tincture, compound 
 
 ,919 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 806 
 
 Lactuca virosa, fluic 
 
 
 Lavendula spica, 
 
 654 
 
 Ktimmel 
 
 440 
 
 extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 vera 
 
 648 
 
 essence, . . . 
 
 440 
 
 Lacquer, Japan, 
 
 182 
 
 Laville's gout mixt., 
 
 629 
 
 
 
 Lady's bedstraw, fl 
 
 
 Laxative bitters, 
 
 1042 
 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 Laxatives and cath- 
 
 
 L 
 
 
 Lady's slipper, fl. ex 
 
 •, 4S7 
 
 artics, .... 
 
 1049 
 
 
 
 Laevo-glucose, 
 
 735 
 
 Laxative, child's, . 
 
 1050 
 
 Labarraque's solution 
 
 567 
 
 Lcevulose, . .51 
 
 5- 735 
 
 cathartic elixir, 
 
 313 
 
 Label mucilage, . . 
 
 1166 
 
 Lait Virginal, 
 
 1 149 
 
 cordial 
 
 1050 
 
 varnish, 
 
 1192 
 
 Lamella', . 
 
 542 
 
 elixir, . . 341, 
 
 1049 
 
 Labdanum Ointment, 
 
 993 
 
 atropine, . 
 
 542 
 
 fruit lozenges, 
 
 1052 
 
 Labrador tea, fl. ext. 
 
 469 
 
 cocaine, 
 
 542 
 
 powder, 
 
 716 
 
 Lac, ... 541 
 
 725 
 
 physostigmince, 
 
 542 
 
 tea, . . . 758, 
 
 1052 
 
 dye, . . 725 
 
 877 
 
 Lanoleum, 
 
 96S 
 
 tropical fruit, . 
 
 1052 
 
 seed, .... 
 
 725 
 
 Lanolin, . . .75, 641 
 
 Laxatives, fruit, 
 
 259 
 
 stick 
 
 725 
 
 Lanthropine, 
 
 666 
 
 Lazaric Acid, 
 
 875 
 
 sulphur, . . . 
 
 779 
 
 Lapis infernalis, 
 
 174 
 
 Lead, 
 
 695 
 
 Lactate of Bismuth, 
 
 197 
 
 Lappa (root anc 
 
 
 acetate 
 
 696 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 506 
 
 seeds), fl. extract 
 
 475 
 
 arseniate, . 
 
 698 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 339 
 
 Larax Americana, 
 
 730 
 
 bichromate, 
 
 698 
 
 iron and pepsin, . 
 
 339 
 
 Larch, European, 
 
 919 
 
 binoxide, . 
 
 699 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 840 
 
 tincture, 
 
 91S 
 
 bromide, 
 
 698 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 602 
 
 Lard, .... 
 
 75 
 
 carbonate, . . . 
 
 696 
 
 mercury, 
 
 532 
 
 benzoinated, . 7 
 
 6, 973 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 698 
 
 sodium, .... 
 
 757 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 638 
 
 chromate, . . . 
 
 698 
 
 zinc, 
 
 102 1 
 
 prepared, . 
 
 75 
 
 cyanide, . . . 
 
 699 
 
 Lactates 
 
 542 
 
 washed, . . 
 
 75 
 
 iodide, . . . . 
 
 697 
 
 Lactic Acid, . 56, 62 
 
 542 
 
 Large flowering 
 
 nitrate 
 
 697 
 
 diluted, . . 56, 62 
 
 spurge, fl. extract 
 
 461 
 
 ointment, comp., 
 
 993 
 
 Lactin, .... 
 
 735 
 
 spotted spurge, fl 
 
 
 oleate 
 
 658 
 
 Lactopeptine, 
 
 670 
 
 extract, . 
 
 '487 
 
 oxide 
 
 698 
 
 bismuth elixir, 
 
 340 
 
 Larix Americana, fl 
 
 
 oxides 
 
 699 
 
 bismuth and strych 
 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 475 
 
 oxide semivitrous, 
 
 698 
 
 nine elixir, . 
 
 340 
 
 Europcea, . 
 
 663 
 
 plaster 
 
 389 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 339 
 
 Larkspur seed, fluic 
 
 1 
 
 red oxide, . 
 
 699 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 563 
 
 extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 saccharate, 
 
 699 
 
 solution, 
 
 563 
 
 oil. .... 
 
 642 
 
 subacetate glyceric 
 
 - 519 
 
 syrup 
 
 842 
 
 Laudanine, 
 
 666 
 
 liniment, 
 
 545 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 842 
 
 Laudanum, . 
 
 925 
 
 solution, 
 
 563 
 
 Lactophosph'ate of 
 
 
 Sydenham's, . 
 
 929 
 
 solution diluted, 
 
 564 
 
 calcium elixir, . 
 
 340 
 
 Laudanosine, 
 
 666 
 
 sugar of, 
 
 696 
 
 calcium and iron 
 
 
 Laughing gas. . 
 
 635 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 699 
 
 elixir, 
 
 34o 
 
 Laundry polish, 
 
 uS2 
 
 suppositories, com 
 
 , 790 
 
1247 
 
 Lead, tannate, . . 699 
 
 water, . . . . 564. 
 
 white, .... 696 
 
 Leaf cup, fl. ext., 465, 488 
 
 Leatherwood, fl. ext., 474 
 
 Leaves 22 
 
 Ledum palustre, fl. 
 
 extract 469 
 
 Le Doyen's disin- 
 fectant solution, . 5S7 
 Legumin, .... S4 
 Leg wash, Fuller's, 597 
 emonade hot, . . 867 
 .-non essence, 413, 76S 
 ess. for perfumes. 1152 
 
 extract 413 
 
 extract, soluble, . 422 
 grass essence, . .1152 
 grass oil, . . . 652 
 
 oil 648 
 
 peel confection, . 260' 
 peel, fluid extract, 475 
 phosphate syrup, 857 
 
 pop 423 
 
 salts of, ... 712 
 
 spirit 768 
 
 sugar of, . . .1194 
 syrup, . S07, 850, 857 
 syrup soda water, 423 
 tincture, . . . 920 
 yellow, . . . 69S 
 
 yellow coloring, . 24S 
 Leontodin, . . . 733 
 Leonurus cardiaca, 
 
 fluid extract, . . 475 
 Leptandra elixir, . 342 
 
 extract 448 
 
 id extract, 472, 4S7 
 
 cturc, . . . 948 
 
 andrin, . . . 733 
 
 uce extract, . . 44S 
 
 ' l heon, .... 79 
 
 tuce, wild, fl. ext., 475 
 
 ucoline, . . . 129 
 
 ■visticum, fl. ext., 462 
 
 latris ordoratissima, 
 
 fluid extract, 475 
 
 spicata, fl. extract, 475 
 
 squarrosa, fl. ext., 475 
 
 Liebig'scorn collodion, 244 
 
 Life everlasting, fl. 
 
 extract 474 
 
 T.ife root, fl. ext., 476,487 
 Light magnesia, . 598 
 Lightning, fluid, 
 hair dye, . . .1079 
 tooth-ache remedy, [121 
 Lilac oil, .... 652 
 Lily of the Valley, 
 
 fluid extract, . 467 
 
 extract II55 
 
 oil 65a 
 
 Lily, white pond, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 469 
 white tablet, . .1136 
 yellow pond, fl. ext., 469 
 
 Lilies, cream of, . 1 133 
 
 Limatura Mart is 
 praeparata, . . . 499 
 
 Lime, 208 
 
 chloride, . . . 209 
 chlorinated, . . 209 
 chlorinated solution, 552 
 essence, . . . 413 
 fruit phosphate syr., 858 
 fruit syrup, . . 858 
 hydrate, . . . 208 
 hypophosphite, . 207 
 hypophosphite syr., 834 
 iodide syrup, . . 838 
 lactophosphate sol., 573 
 lactophosphate 
 
 syrup, . . 797, 841 
 liniment, . . . 544 
 phosphate, . . . 207 
 phosphate solution, 574 
 phosphate syrup, 844 
 saccharated solu- 
 tion, . . 552, 79S 
 slacked, . . . 20S 
 solution, . . 552 
 
 sulphite, . . 210 
 
 sulphurated, . . 209 
 syrup, . . 798, 830 
 water, . . . . 551 
 water, stronger, . 397 
 
 Limes, juice, . . . 777 
 oil 649 
 
 Limette oil, . . . 652 
 
 Limonis cortex, fluid 
 
 extract, .... 475 
 
 Linden, fluid extract, 476 
 oil, 652 
 
 Lindera, fluid extract, 462 
 
 Linimenta, . . . 543 
 
 Liniment, aconite, . 543 
 ammonia, . . . 543 
 arnica, . . . .1092 
 belladonna, . . 543 
 camphor, . . 544 
 crimp, ammoniated, 544 
 1 .miphor compound, ^44 
 cantharides, . . 544 
 chloroform, . . 544 | 
 1 :oi line. . . . 1093 
 1 roton oil, . . . 544 
 electric, . . . 1093 
 gargling oil, . . tog6 
 hyoscyamus, . ., 640 
 Indian 1094 
 
 of amnion.. It c ,7 
 
 iodide of potassium 
 with Boap, . . 545 
 
 iodine 545 
 
 Liniment, lime, . . 544 
 
 menthol, . . . 1094 
 
 mercury, . . . 545 
 
 Mexican, . . . 1097 
 
 mustard, comp., . 545 
 
 nerve and bone, . 1097 
 
 opium, .... 545 
 
 polvform, . . . 1 194 
 
 ready oil, . . . 1097 
 
 rheumatic, . . . 109S 
 
 soa P 545 
 
 Stoke's, . . . 1 129 
 
 subacetate of lead, 545 
 
 thymol-chloral, . 1094 
 
 turpentine, . . 546 
 turp. and acetic acid, 546 
 
 veterinary, . . . 109S 
 
 volatile, . . . 543 
 
 wizard 1095 
 
 Liniments, . 543, 1092 
 
 Linimentum aconiti, 543 
 
 ammoniae, . . 543 
 
 belladome, . . 543 
 
 calcis, . . . . 544 
 
 camphora?, . . 544 
 camphora; ammo- 
 
 niatum, . . . 544 
 camphora com- 
 
 positum, . . 544 
 cantharides, 553, 544 
 
 chloroformi, . . 544 
 
 crotonis, . . . 544 
 
 hydrargyri, . . 545 
 
 lodl 545 
 
 °P». 54? 
 
 plumbi subacetatis, 545 
 potasii iodidi cum, 
 
 sapone, . . 545 
 
 saponis, . . . 545 
 sinapis compositum, 54? 
 
 terebinthina 1 , . 546 
 terebinthinse acet- 
 
 icum, . . . 546 
 
 Linseed, infusion, . 
 
 mucilage, . . . 633 
 oil, . . . . . 
 
 Lip salve, . 22?, [150 
 
 salves and cosmet- 
 ics ti49 
 
 salve, coral, . . iuu 
 Lippia Mexicana, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 4(12 
 
 Liquid acids, table, ?'> 
 
 Liquidambar, . . [82 
 
 fluid extract, , . 402 
 
 syrup, ... - 
 
 Liquid asphaltum, . 7.' 1 
 
 blistering, . . . 
 
 bluing [178 
 
 bronzing, . . , 1179 
 
 colored fires, . . 255 
 osive, . 
 
1248 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Liquid cosmetics, . 1132 
 
 depilatory, . . .1141 
 
 Dover's, . . . 950 
 
 Dutch, ... So, 83 
 
 enamel or pearl, . 1132 
 
 extract aloes, . . 493 
 
 aloes and myrrh, 494 
 
 asafetida, . . 494 
 
 Lael, .... 489 
 
 benzoin, . . . 494 
 
 benzoin comp., 494 
 
 buckthorn, . . 47S 
 
 cascara sagrada, 490 
 
 catechu, . . . 495 
 
 cimicifuga, . . 460 
 
 cinchona, . . 477 
 
 coca, .... 471 
 
 dandelion, . . 479 
 
 ergot, ... 477 
 
 guaiac, . . . 495 
 
 kino 495 
 
 liquorice, . 491, 495 
 male fern, . . 462 
 malt, .... 605 
 myrrh, . . . 495 
 opium, . . 491, 496 
 opium deodorized, 496 
 Pareira, . . . 472 
 sarsaparilla, . 478 
 taraxacum, . . 479 
 
 tolu 497 
 
 paste blacking, . 11 79 
 polishing, . . .1182 
 silver polishing, . 118 1 
 slating,blackboard, 1178 
 extracts, . 453, 493 
 glass, .... 567 
 glue, . . 514, 1 165 
 lactopeptine, . . 563 
 opodildoc, . . 545 
 pepsin, .... 563 
 picra, .... 720 
 
 pitch 694 
 
 rennet, . . . .1127 
 rouge, . 246, 876, 1 133 
 shampoo, . . . 704 
 Liquids, coloring, . 245 
 fruit preserving, . 11 S3 
 preserving, . . 11 S3 
 shampoo, . . . 1144 
 Liquor acidi arseniosi, 547 
 acidi chromici, . 547 
 acidi phosphorici 
 
 comp., 577, 753, 1023 
 
 aluminii acetici, . 547 
 
 ammonie, . . . 548 
 
 ammonia fortior, 54S 
 
 ammonii acetatis, 548 
 
 acetatis fortior, 54S 
 
 anisatus, . . 549 
 
 caustici, . . . 143 
 
 citratis, . . . 549 
 
 Liquor ammonii ci- 
 tratis fortior, . 549 
 anodynus martiatus, 908 
 antimonii chloridi, 549 
 arsenicalis, . . 550 
 arsenici hydrochlo- 
 
 ricus, . . . 547 
 arsenii et hydrar- 
 
 gyri iodidi, . . 550 
 arsenitis potassii, 550 
 atropine sulphatis, 551 
 bismuth, . . . 551 
 bismuthi et ammonii 
 
 citratis, . . . 551 
 calcii chloridi, . 551 
 
 calcis 552 
 
 calcis chlorinate, 552 
 calcis saccharated, 798 
 calcis saccharatus, 552 
 chlori, . . 235, 552 
 coloring, brown, . 245 
 corrosivus, . . 553 
 epispasticus, 243, 553 
 ferri acetatis, . 553 
 ferri acetatis fortior, 554 
 ferri chloridi, . . 554 
 ferri citratis, . . 555 
 ferri dialysatus, 272, 554 
 ferri nitratis, . . 556 
 ferri oxy chlorati ,554,557 
 ferri perchloridi, . 555 
 ferri perchloridi 
 
 fortior, . . . 555 
 ferri pernitratis, . 556 
 ferri persulphatis, 557 
 ferri et quinine 
 
 citratis, . . . 556 
 ferri subsulphatis, 557 
 ferri tersulphatis, 558 
 gutta-percha, . . 55S 
 hydrargyri nitratis, 558 
 hydrargyri nitratis 
 
 acidus, . . . 559 
 hydrargyri perchlor- 
 idi, .... 559 
 
 iodi, 559 
 
 iodi compositus, . 559 
 kalii acetici, . . 560 
 kalii arsenicosi, . 550 
 kalii carbonici, . 560 
 kalii caustici, . . 564 
 Labarraque's, . 567 
 lithie effervescens, 560 
 magnesii carbonatis, 560 
 magnesii citratis, 561 
 morphinie acetatis, 561 
 morphinie bime- 
 
 conatis, . . . 562 
 morphine hydro- 
 
 chloratis, . . 562 
 morphine sulphatis, 562 
 natri caustici, . 566 
 
 Liquor opii citratis, 589 
 
 opii compositus, . 588 
 opii hydrochloricus, 589 
 opii sedativus, Batt- 
 
 ley's 589 
 
 of opium, . . . 589 
 
 pancreo-pepsin, . 563 
 
 plumbi subacetatis, 563 
 plumbi subacetatis, 
 
 dilutus, . . . 564 
 potasse, . . . 564 
 potasse efferves- 
 cens 565 
 
 potassii arsenitis, 565 
 
 potassii citratis, . 565 
 potassii parman- 
 
 ganatis, . . . 566 
 
 sode, .... 566 
 
 sodae chlorate, . 566 
 
 sode chlorinate, 566 
 
 sodii arseniatis, . 567 
 
 sodii ethylatis, . 567 
 
 sodii silicatis, . 567 
 
 strychnine, . . 568 
 strychnine, hydro- 
 
 chloratis, . . 568 
 
 zinci chloridi, . 568 
 
 Liquores, .... 546 
 
 and cordials, . . 1192 
 
 spiritous, . . . 1187 
 
 to clarify, . . . 1 191 
 
 to filter, . . .1191 
 
 Liquorice, elixir, . 342 
 
 elixir compound, 343 
 
 extract, . . . 776 
 
 fluid ext., . . 495 
 
 liquid, . 491, 495 
 
 pure, . . . 446 
 
 purified, . . 776 
 
 syrup, . . . 825 
 
 fluid extract, . .471 
 
 fluid ext., aqueous, 491 
 
 fluid ext., comp., 483 ■ 
 
 mucilage, . . . 633 
 
 powder, comp., . 716 
 
 and opium troches, 963 
 
 root, syrup, 808, S22 
 
 syrup, compound, 827 
 
 Liriodendron, fl. ext. 462 
 
 Listerine, . . . 112S 
 
 Litharge 698 
 
 Litharge plaster, . 3S9 
 Lithia, solution effer- 
 vescing, . . . 560 
 
 water 560 
 
 Lithic acid, . . . 994 
 
 Lithii benzoas, . . 593 
 
 bromidum, . . 593 
 
 carbonas, . . . 594 
 
 citras 594 
 
 salicylas, . . . 595 
 
 Lithium, .... 592 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1249 
 
 Lithium benzoate, 
 
 593 
 
 Lotion, Granville's 
 
 
 Magendie's morphine 
 
 borocitrate, 
 
 595 
 
 stronger, 
 
 597 
 
 solution, . 
 
 562 
 
 bromide, 
 
 593 
 
 Gowland's, 
 
 597 
 
 tinct. of strychnine, 951 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 594 
 
 hair, .... 
 
 1084 
 
 Magenta, . . . 
 
 154 
 
 chloride, 
 
 595 
 
 hemorrhoidal, . 
 
 597 
 
 Magic corn salve, 
 
 IO60 
 
 citrate, . . . 
 
 594 
 
 Kirkland's, 
 
 597 
 
 balm, . . . 
 
 IO32 
 
 citrate, effervescing, 596 
 
 moth and freckle 
 
 
 Magnesia, . . 
 
 598 
 
 citrate, elixir, 
 
 318 
 
 • ••• 597 
 
 , 1148 
 
 and asafetidamix 
 
 t. 625 
 
 diborocitrate, . 
 
 595 
 
 myrrh, . 
 
 597 
 
 calcined, 
 
 598 
 
 iodide, . . . 
 
 595 
 
 myrrh, comp., 
 
 597 
 
 calcined, heavy, 
 
 599 
 
 nitrate, 
 
 595 
 
 Palmer's, . . 
 
 598 
 
 fluid, . . . 
 
 560 
 
 oxide, . 
 
 595 
 
 pimple, . . 
 
 114S 
 
 heavy, . 
 
 599 
 
 phosphate, 
 
 595 
 
 sulphur, . . 
 
 "93 
 
 Henry's, 
 
 599 
 
 salicylate, . 
 
 595 
 
 Lotions, . . 596 
 
 ,1148 
 
 Husband's, 
 
 599 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 596 
 
 hair, 
 
 ii43 
 
 levis, 
 
 598 
 
 Litmus, 
 
 876 
 
 Lovage, fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 light, . . . 
 
 598 
 
 blue, . . . 
 
 24S 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 milk of, 
 
 600 
 
 paper bhie, 
 
 232 
 
 Lozenges, 
 
 S71 
 
 ponderosa, 
 
 599 
 
 paper red, . . 
 
 232 
 
 cathartic, . . 
 
 259 
 
 and rhubarb pow 
 
 i. 719 
 
 solution, 
 
 231 
 
 compound, 
 
 872 
 
 troches, 
 
 964 
 
 Little Giant liver 
 
 cough, . 
 
 106S 
 
 Magnesian aperient 
 
 869 
 
 pills, . . . 
 
 1051 
 
 dyspepsia, . 
 
 1072 
 
 Magnesii carbonas, 
 
 599 
 
 Liver bitters, Ger 
 
 
 fruit, laxative, 
 
 1052 
 
 carbonas levis, 
 
 599 
 
 man, . . 
 
 104 1 
 
 worm, . 
 
 1 1 24 
 
 carbonas ponder 
 
 
 and kidney reme 
 
 
 Lubricating oils, 
 
 654 
 
 osa, . . . 
 
 599 
 
 dies, . 
 
 1089 
 
 Lugol's solution, 
 
 559 
 
 citras granulatus, 
 
 600 
 
 pills, cathartic, 
 
 105 1 
 
 caustic solution 
 
 f 
 
 sulphas, 
 
 601 
 
 of sulphur, 
 
 701 
 
 iodine, 
 
 588 
 
 sulphis, . . 
 
 60 r 
 
 Liverwort, fl. ext. , 
 
 475 
 
 rubefacient solu 
 
 
 Magnesium, . 
 
 598 
 
 tea 
 
 1002 
 
 tion of iodine, 
 
 588 
 
 acetate, . . 
 
 602; 
 
 Lobelia, fluid extract, 
 
 Luminous paste, for 
 
 aperient, 
 
 603, 
 
 . . . 462, 472, 487 
 
 rats, etc., 
 
 1171 
 
 bromide, 
 
 602: 
 
 fl. ext., acetic, 
 
 488 
 
 Lunar caustic, 
 
 147 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 ■ 599- 
 
 fl. ext., comp., 
 
 483 
 
 Lung balsam, . 
 
 1067 
 
 carbonate, heavy 
 
 , 599- 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 Lungwort, fl. ext., 
 
 476 
 
 carbonate, solutio 
 
 n, 560 
 
 seed, fl. ext, . 
 
 472 
 
 Lupus metallorum, 
 
 155 
 
 chloride, . . 
 
 . 602 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 Lupulin, . . . 
 
 733 
 
 citrate, . . . 
 
 602 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 921 
 
 elixir, 
 
 343 
 
 citrate, granulate 
 
 J, 600 
 
 tincture, comp., 
 
 95O 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 citr. solution, 51 
 
 1 , 869 
 
 tinct., etherial, 92 
 
 I, 952 
 
 oleoresin, . 
 
 66 r 
 
 citrate solution, pt 
 
 sr- 
 
 and capsicum, tin 
 
 c- 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 921 
 
 manent, . 
 
 . 561 
 
 ture, comp., 
 
 95t> 
 
 Lupuline ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 602 
 
 vinegar, . . 
 
 53 
 
 Lycopin, . . . 
 
 733 
 
 lactate, . 
 
 602 
 
 Lobelin, . 
 
 733 
 
 Lycopus virginicus 
 
 
 light, . , . 
 
 598 
 
 anaesthetic, 
 
 1194 
 
 fl. extract, 47 
 
 5, 4S7 
 
 oxide, 
 
 598 
 
 Locatelle's balsam, 
 
 1035 
 
 Europseus, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 602 
 
 t, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 (ml 
 
 iod, fl. ext., 
 
 474 
 
 M 
 
 
 sulphate, dried, 
 
 603 
 
 extract, . . 44 
 
 7. 877 
 
 
 
 sulphite, 
 
 DO] 
 
 London cordial gin 
 
 119] 
 
 Mace, essence, . 
 
 4' 3 
 
 tartrate, . . 
 
 603 
 
 dock gin, . . 
 
 1191 
 
 fl. extract, 
 
 46a 
 
 Magnetic balm, . 
 
 [032 
 
 Lotio, flava, . . 
 
 
 oil 
 
 649 
 
 de of iron, . 
 
 
 ni^ra, 
 
 596 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 858 
 
 oxide manganese 
 
 615 
 
 hydrargyri flava, 
 
 596 
 
 Maceration, . 
 
 33 
 
 Magnolia, fl. ext., 
 
 4''- 
 
 hydrargyri nigra, 
 
 
 Mac rutin, 
 
 733 
 
 Maiden hair fern, ll 
 
 
 . . 
 
 596 
 
 Macrotys racemosa 
 
 
 extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 Lotion anti-freckle, 
 
 1 148 
 
 11. ext, . . . 
 
 460 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 32a 
 
 Bateman's, 
 
 579 
 
 Madder, compound 
 
 593 
 
 M.jc fern, fl. ext., 
 
 l6l 
 
 chilblain, . . 
 
 [ODD 
 
 fl, extract, . . 
 
 476 
 
 fern, oleoresin, 
 
 66] 
 
 I.i' e, . . . 
 
 1 1 |- 
 
 mordant, 
 
 711 
 
 Mallow, common, tl 
 
 
 glycerin, 
 
 II49 
 
 red 
 
 875 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 475 
 
 ( iranville's, milde 
 
 r. 597 
 
 
 >!• 559 
 
 Malt 
 
 
1250 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Malt bitters, . . . 
 
 6ll 
 
 Malt tonic syrup, . 
 
 85S 
 
 Mansa yerba, or 
 
 
 cordial, .... 
 
 613 
 
 whisky, 
 
 1 190 
 
 herba, fl. ext., . 
 
 465 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 344 
 
 wine 
 
 613 
 
 Manzanita, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 elixir and gentian 
 
 
 wine cordial, . 
 
 613 
 
 Maple syrup, 
 
 858 
 
 with tincture of 
 
 
 Maltese orange syr. , 
 
 860 
 
 Map varnish, 
 
 "93 
 
 iron 
 
 608 
 
 Maltine 
 
 605 
 
 Maranta, .... 
 
 153 
 
 elixirs, other, . . 
 
 344 
 
 Malting 
 
 603 
 
 Margarin, . . . 
 
 037 
 
 Malt extract, . 448, 604 
 
 Malto, 
 
 866 
 
 Marigold, fl. ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 with alteratives, . 
 
 607 
 
 syrup 
 
 866 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 891 
 
 beef and iron, . 
 
 607 
 
 Maltose, . . 515 
 
 , 735 
 
 Marine glue, 
 
 1165 
 
 cascara sagrada, . 
 
 611 
 
 Maltum, .... 
 
 603 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 742 
 
 citrate of iron, 
 
 608 
 
 or malt, fl. extract 
 
 475 
 
 Marjoram oil, 
 
 652 
 
 citrate of iron and 
 
 
 Malva sylvertris, fl. 
 
 
 wild, fl. ext., . . 
 
 469 
 
 quinine, . 
 
 6c 9 
 
 extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 sweet, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 citrate of iron, qui- 
 
 
 Manaca, .... 
 
 469 
 
 Marjorana, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 nine and strych., 
 
 609 
 
 Mancona bark, fluid 
 
 
 Marking ink, . . . 
 
 1 1 76 
 
 cod liver oil, . 
 
 607 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 465 
 
 for cotton, . . . 
 
 1176 
 
 and dialysed iron 
 
 607 
 
 Mandrake bitters, . 
 
 1042 
 
 in cakes, 
 
 1 1 76 
 
 and hypophosp., 
 
 608 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 345 
 
 Maroon ink, . 
 
 "73 
 
 and iodide of iron, 607 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 345 
 
 Marrubium, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 and pancreatin, 
 
 607 
 
 extract 
 
 449 
 
 oil 
 
 652 
 
 and pepsin, . 
 
 607 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 464 
 
 syrup 
 
 823 
 
 pepsin and pan- 
 
 
 fl. extract, comp., 
 
 484 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 828 
 
 creatin, 
 
 608 
 
 Manganates, . 613 
 
 ,615 
 
 Marshall's cerate, . 
 
 225 
 
 phosphates, 
 
 608 
 
 Manganese, . 
 
 613 
 
 Marsh Mallow, 
 
 
 phosphorus, 
 
 608 
 
 acetate, 
 
 615 
 
 cream, . . . 
 
 1134 
 
 phosphorus, iron 
 
 
 arseniate, . 
 
 615 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 j 
 
 and nux vomica,6o8 
 
 benzoate, . 
 
 615 
 
 mucilage, . 
 
 
 dialysed iron, . 
 
 608 
 
 black oxide, . . 
 
 614 
 
 root, fluid extract 
 
 
 hops, .... 
 
 606 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 615 
 
 rosemary, fl. ex 
 
 
 hyphosphites, . 
 
 609 
 
 chloride, 
 
 615 
 
 tea oil, . . 
 
 653 
 
 iodide of iron, 
 
 608 
 
 citrate, .... 
 
 615 
 
 Marunta cotr' • 
 
 
 iron, 
 
 608 
 
 dioxide, 
 
 614 
 
 extract, 
 
 
 lactopeptine, . 
 
 609 
 
 hypophosphite, . 
 
 615 
 
 Mary Stewart 
 
 
 lactophosphates, . 
 
 609 
 
 hypophosphite sol. 
 
 572 
 
 fume, 
 
 j 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 605 
 
 hypophosphite syr. 
 
 836 
 
 Mass blue, 
 
 ,16 
 
 pepsin, .... 
 
 610 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 615 
 
 carbonate of iron, 
 
 616 
 
 pepsin and bismuth 
 
 610 
 
 iodide syrup, . . 
 
 839 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 616 
 
 pepsin, bismuth 
 
 
 lactophosphate sol. 
 
 574 
 
 mercury, . . . 
 
 616 
 
 and strychnine, 
 
 610 
 
 lactophosphate syr. 
 
 ,841 
 
 Vallet's, . . . 
 
 616 
 
 pepsin and iron, . 
 
 610 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 658 
 
 Massa copaibse, . 
 
 616 
 
 pep. and pacreatin, 
 
 610 
 
 oxides, .... 
 
 615 
 
 ferri carbonatis, . 
 
 616 
 
 peptones, . 
 
 610 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 615 
 
 hydrargyri, 
 
 617 
 
 phosphate of iron, 
 
 608 
 
 phosphate solution 
 
 576 
 
 Massse, .... 
 
 616 
 
 phosphate of iron, 
 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 844 
 
 Masses, .... 
 
 616 
 
 and quinine, 
 
 609 
 
 phosp. syr., comp. 
 
 845 
 
 Masterwort, fluid ex- 
 
 
 phosphate of iron, 
 
 
 sulphate, . 
 
 614 
 
 tract, . . 462 
 
 , 475 
 
 quin. and strych. 
 
 609 
 
 tartrate, 
 
 615 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 phosphates, 
 
 611 
 
 Mangani sulphas, . 
 
 614 
 
 Mastic 
 
 726 
 
 tincture of iron, . 
 
 608 
 
 oxidum nigrum, . 
 
 614 
 
 spirit, compound, 
 
 772 
 
 tonic, .... 
 
 612 
 
 Manganic acid, . 
 
 615 
 
 tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 viburnium, 
 
 611 
 
 Mangifera indica, fl. 
 
 
 varnish, 
 
 "93 
 
 wafer ash, . 
 
 611 
 
 extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 Matricaria, fl. extract 
 
 ,469 
 
 yerba santa, 
 
 611 
 
 Mango, fl. ext., . . 
 
 475 
 
 oil, . . . . . 
 
 653 
 
 Malt-hop phosphate 
 
 
 Mangostana, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 Matico elixir, comp.. 
 
 345 
 
 syrup, 
 
 858 
 
 Mangosteen, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 467 
 
 Malt with hypophos- 
 
 
 oil 
 
 642 
 
 fl. extract comp., 
 
 484 
 
 phites elixir, 
 
 344 
 
 Manicure powder, . 
 
 1150 
 
 infusion, 
 
 538 
 
 iron elixir, . 
 
 344 
 
 Manicure salve, . 
 
 1150 
 
 oil, 
 
 653 
 
 soothing syrup, . 
 
 i"5 
 
 Manna syrup, . . 
 
 808 
 
 tincture, . . 922 
 
 948 
 
 tar cough syrup, . 
 
 612 
 
 Mannit 
 
 735 
 
 Mattenheimer's dis- 
 
 
 tonic, .... 
 
 612 
 
 Mannitose, 
 
 515 
 
 infecting solution 
 
 ,587 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1251 
 
 Mauvine, . 
 
 155 
 
 Menthol vapor, . 
 
 996 
 
 Mercury sulphide, red 
 
 . 531 
 
 May apple elixir, 
 
 345 
 
 Menyanthes, fl. ext 
 
 475 
 
 weed, fluid extract 
 
 465 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 464 
 
 Mercurial lotion, bl' 
 
 c. 596 
 
 with chalk, . . 
 
 524 
 
 May weed, fl. extract, 475 
 
 yellow, . 
 
 596 
 
 Mesquit gum. 
 
 727 
 
 Mayer's ointment, 
 
 993 
 
 Mercurial ointment 
 
 978 
 
 Metaboric acid, . 
 
 198 
 
 McMunn's elixir of 
 
 plaster, 
 
 386 
 
 Metal bell, . . . 
 
 264 
 
 opium, . 
 
 347 
 
 soap, . . . 
 
 744 
 
 cement, 
 
 1 164 
 
 Mead, . . . 
 
 423 
 
 suppositories, 
 
 789 
 
 fusible 
 
 191 
 
 excelsior, 
 
 424 
 
 Mercurialis annua, fl 
 
 
 gun, .... 
 
 264 
 
 extract excelsior, 
 
 423 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 465 
 
 polish 
 
 Il82 
 
 soluble extract, 
 
 423 
 
 Mercuric-ammoniun 
 
 1 
 
 Metals, oleates, . . 
 
 657 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 423 
 
 chloride, 
 
 524 
 
 Metaphosphoric acid, 
 
 674 
 
 syrup, excelsior, 
 
 424 
 
 bromide, . . 
 
 531 
 
 Methyl, . . .85 
 
 619 
 
 Meadow sweet oil, 
 
 736 
 
 chloride, . . 
 
 526 
 
 alcohol, . 85, 86, 95 
 
 Measures seidlitz, 
 
 716 
 
 cyanide, 
 
 526 
 
 benzene, . . . 
 
 190 
 
 Meat extract, 
 
 416 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 527 
 
 conine, 
 
 "5 
 
 juice, . . . 
 
 416 
 
 nitrate solution, 
 
 558 
 
 hydrate, . . 
 
 95 
 
 Mecca balsam, . 
 
 1S2 
 
 oleate with morph 
 
 • 659 
 
 salicilate, . . 620 
 
 648 
 
 factitious, . . 
 
 183 
 
 oleate precipitatec 
 
 , 659 
 
 salts, .... 
 
 620 
 
 Meconate of morphine, 122 
 
 oxide, red, 
 
 529 
 
 Methylated spirit, . 
 
 St, 
 
 Meconic acid, 
 
 666 
 
 oxide, yellow, 
 
 528 
 
 Methylic alcohol, 
 
 95 
 
 Meconidina, . 
 
 122 
 
 salts, . . . 
 
 524 
 
 Methysticum, fl. ext. 
 
 462 
 
 Meconidine, . . 122, 666 
 
 sulphate, . . 
 
 529 
 
 Metz balsam, 
 
 185 
 
 Meconin, . 
 
 666 
 
 sulphate, basic, 
 
 53o 
 
 Mexican liniment, . 
 
 1097 
 
 Meconoisin, . 
 
 666 
 
 Mercurious bromide 
 
 . 531 
 
 Meyer's reagent for 
 
 
 Medical discovery, 
 
 1112 
 
 chloride, 
 
 525 
 
 alkaloids, 
 
 582 
 
 Medicated globules 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 527 
 
 test solution, . . 
 
 582 
 
 or pellets, . 
 
 957 
 
 salts, . . . 
 
 524 
 
 Mezereonext. etheria 
 
 ,448 
 
 Medicinal pearls, 
 
 5H 
 
 Mercury, . 
 
 523 
 
 Mezereum extract, . 
 
 44S 
 
 soap, 
 
 742 
 
 acetate, 
 
 53i 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 Medicines, propriet'\ 
 
 , 1022 
 
 ammoniated, . 
 
 524 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 983 
 
 Melalenca cajuputi, 
 
 646 
 
 arseniate, . . 
 
 531 
 
 Micromeria, fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 Mel despumatum. 
 
 618 
 
 bichloride, 
 
 526 
 
 Mikania guaco, fl. ext 
 
 ■ 475 
 
 boracis, . 
 
 618 
 
 binioJide, . 
 
 527 
 
 Milk 
 
 541 
 
 depuratum, 
 
 618 
 
 bromide, 
 
 53i 
 
 almond, 260, 408, 
 
 114.S 
 
 rosre, . . 
 
 61S 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 53i 
 
 condensed, 
 
 54i 
 
 Melezitose, 
 
 735 
 
 chromate, . 
 
 532 
 
 magnesia, . 
 
 600 
 
 Melilotus, or melilot 
 
 
 chlorate, 
 
 532 
 
 punch shake, . . 
 
 865 
 
 fl. extract, 
 
 475 
 
 green iodide, . 
 
 527 
 
 punch syrup. 
 
 856 
 
 Melissa, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 herb, 11. extract, 
 
 465 
 
 of roses, 
 
 1140 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 lactate, . 
 
 532 
 
 shake 
 
 865 
 
 Melita, . . 
 
 618 
 
 liniment, 
 
 545 
 
 sugar, . . .541 
 
 735 
 
 Melitose, . 
 
 735 
 
 magnesia, . 
 
 525 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 77o 
 
 Melon, essence or 
 
 mass, 
 
 617 
 
 Mindereras spirit, . 
 
 
 extract, . . 
 
 430 
 
 mild chloride, . 
 
 525 
 
 Mineral alkali, . 
 
 98 
 
 seed oil, . . 
 
 642 
 
 nitrate 
 
 532 
 
 drugs 
 
 17 
 
 Mcnispermin, 
 
 733 
 
 nitrate solution, 
 
 558 
 
 oils, 
 
 
 Menhaden oil, 
 
 642 
 
 nitrate solution, ac 
 
 id.ssg 
 
 pitch 
 
 724 
 
 Menispermum, fl. ex 
 
 . U5£ 
 
 ointment, cemp., 
 
 979 
 
 turpeth, . . . 
 
 53o 
 
 Menstruum, elixir 
 
 
 oleate, . 
 
 
 waters 
 
 868 
 
 percolating, 
 
 277 
 
 oxide, red, . 
 
 529 
 
 wax 
 
 _• 1 ' . 
 
 Mentha, arvensis, 
 
 649 
 
 oxide, yellow, . 
 
 523 
 
 Minium 
 
 699 
 
 piperita, fl, ext., 
 
 475 
 
 perchloride, 
 
 5 26 
 
 Mistletoe, fl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 viridis, tl. ext., 
 
 175 
 
 perchloride sol., 
 
 
 American, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 Menthol, . . . 
 
 64a 
 
 persulphate, 
 
 
 Mistura ammoniaci, 
 
 
 cones, . 
 
 649 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 
 amygdalae, . . . 
 
 621 
 
 inhalant. 
 
 [08l 
 
 protiodide, . . 
 
 527 
 
 asafcetidce, . 
 
 ' 21 
 
 Tapani «, . . 
 
 649 
 
 ted iodide, . 
 
 527 
 
 chloroformi, . . 
 
 621 
 
 liniment, 
 
 tOQ4 
 
 red Bulphide, . 
 
 
 "li. ■ ■ . 
 
 022 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 IP., 
 
 Bubchloride, , 
 
 525 
 
 
 
 623 
 
 pip 
 
 
 Bubsulphate, yello 
 
 
 ferri el ammonii 
 
 
 toothache cure, 
 
 [iai 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 
 .... 
 
 62 ( 
 
1252 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Mistura ferri aromatica 623 
 ferri composita, . 623 
 glycyrrhizae com- 
 posita, . . . 624 
 guaiaci, . . . 625 
 magnesii, et asafce- 
 
 tida, .... 625 
 oleoso-balsamica, . 628 
 potasii citratis, . 626 
 rhei et sodre, . . 626 
 scammonii, . . 626 
 senna; composita, 627 
 spiritus, vinigallici, 627 
 
 Mistura; 620 
 
 Mit'chella compound, 
 
 "fl. extract, . . 484 
 fl. extract, . . . 475 
 syrup, compound, 828 
 
 Mithndate, . 257, 875. 
 
 Mixture acetate iron 
 
 and ammonium, 624 
 
 ague 1025 
 
 almond, . . . 621 
 ammoniac, . . . 620 
 anti-epiieptic, . . 628 
 asafetida, . . . 621 
 asthma, Fothergill's, 628 
 balsamic, Hoffm'n's, 628 
 Basham's, . . . 624 
 brown, .... 624 
 brown, improved, 625 
 camphor, Hope's, 628 
 carminative, Paris', 628 
 chalk, .... 622 
 chalk Richard's, . 628 
 chloroform, . . 621 
 choiera, . 1054, 1055 
 cholera, Jackson's, 628 
 cholera, Sparkman's,628 
 cholera, Sun, . . 629 
 citrate of potassium, 626 
 cod liver oil, with 
 
 hypopnosphites, 405 
 cod liver oil with 
 
 phosphates, . . 405 
 copjiDa alkaline, . 629 
 copiiDa, Chapman's, 629 
 copaiDa santal and 
 
 cuDeb, . . . 629 
 cough, .... 1065 
 cough, Jackson's, 62S 
 cough, Pancoast's, 629 
 creasote, . . . 622 
 diarrhcea, . . . 951 
 diarrhcea, Gould's, 629 
 diarrhoea, Squibb's, 629 
 diarrhcea, Velpean's,629 
 French brandy, . 627 
 glycyrrhiza, comp., 624 
 gout, Laville's, . 629 
 
 Griffith's 623 
 
 guaiacum, . . . 626 
 
 Mixture iron aromatic 
 
 623 
 
 Morphine powder, 
 
 
 iron compound, . 
 
 623 
 
 compound, . 
 
 718 
 
 iron and conium, 
 
 
 solution, Magendie's,562 
 
 Tully's, . . . 
 
 629 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 121 
 
 mag. and asafetida, 
 
 625 
 
 sulphate solution, 
 
 562 
 
 neutral, .... 
 
 626 
 
 suppositories, . 
 
 789 
 
 potassium citrate, 
 
 626 
 
 suppositories, with 
 
 
 rhubarb and soda, 
 
 626 
 
 soap, 
 
 790 
 
 scarnmony, 
 
 626 
 
 sy^P 
 
 843 
 
 seidlitz, .... 
 
 716 
 
 tartrate, . . . 
 
 122 
 
 senna, compound. 
 
 627 
 
 valerianate, 
 
 122 
 
 spleen, Gadberry's, 
 
 630 
 
 valerianate elixir, . 
 
 375 
 
 terebene cough, . 
 
 1067 
 
 Morphium, 
 
 119 
 
 Townsend's, . 
 
 630 
 
 Morus nigra, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 Mixtures, . . . 
 
 620 
 
 Mosquito or black fly 
 
 
 Modeling wax, . 
 
 216 
 
 preventive, . 
 
 1171 
 
 Molybdate of ammo- 
 
 
 Moth and freckle lo- 
 
 
 nium, 
 
 149 
 
 tion, . . 597, 
 
 1 148 
 
 Monamides, . 
 
 142 
 
 Mother tinctures, 
 
 953 
 
 Monamines, . 
 
 M3 
 
 Mother's cordial, 828, 
 
 1078 
 
 Monarda fistulosa, fl. 
 
 
 Motherwort, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 Mouth waters, 
 
 1 140 
 
 punctata, fl. extract 
 
 469 
 
 Mouth wat'r, salicylic 
 
 1 140 
 
 Monesia, fluid extract 
 
 468 
 
 violet 
 
 1 140 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 947 
 
 Mrs. Allen's hair re- 
 
 
 Monkshood, fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 storer, 
 
 1083 
 
 Monobromated cam- 
 
 
 Mucilage of acacia, 
 
 631 
 
 phor, .... 
 
 727 
 
 casein, .... 
 
 1 166 
 
 Mononitro-cellulin, . 
 
 722 
 
 of cydonium, . 
 
 631 
 
 Monotropa uniflora, 
 
 
 dextrin, . 271, 
 
 1 166 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 469 
 
 of elm 
 
 633 
 
 Monoxide of nitrogen, 635 
 
 of fenugreek, . . 
 
 633 
 
 Monsell's disinfect- 
 
 
 label 
 
 1166 
 
 ing solution, 
 
 5S7 
 
 of linseed, . 
 
 633 
 
 salt 
 
 512 
 
 of liquorice, 
 
 633 
 
 solution, 
 
 557 
 
 of marsh mallow, 
 
 033 
 
 Mordants, tin, . . 
 
 774 
 
 of quince, . . . 
 
 631 
 
 Morphia 
 
 119 
 
 of salep, . . . 
 
 632 
 
 acetate, .... 
 
 120 
 
 of sassafras pith, . 
 
 632 
 
 muriate. 
 
 121 
 
 of starch, . 
 
 631 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 121 
 
 syrup acacia, . . 
 
 396 
 
 Morphina, 
 
 119 
 
 stamp, .... 
 
 1166 
 
 Morphinae acetas, . 
 
 120 
 
 tin and metal, 
 
 1 166 
 
 hydrochloras, . . 
 
 121 
 
 of tragacanthae, . 
 
 632 
 
 sulphas, 
 
 121 
 
 Mucilages, . 630, 
 
 1166 
 
 Morphine, . 119 
 
 666 
 
 Mucilagines, 
 
 630 
 
 acetate 
 
 120 
 
 Mucilago acacia. 
 
 630 
 
 acetate solution, . 
 
 56i 
 
 amyli, .... 
 
 6 3 r 
 
 bimeconate, 
 
 122 
 
 cyd'onii, . . . 
 
 631 
 
 bimeconate solution 
 
 , 562 
 
 salep, .... 
 
 632 
 
 bromide, 
 
 122 
 
 sassafras medullar, 
 
 632 
 
 bromide syrup, 
 
 831 
 
 tragacanthae, . 
 
 632 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 346 
 
 ulmi, .... 
 
 633 
 
 hydriodate, . . 
 
 122 
 
 Mugwort, fl. ext., . 
 
 468 
 
 hydrobromate, 
 
 122 
 
 syrup compound, 
 
 826 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 121 
 
 Mulberry, fl. ext., . 
 
 475 
 
 hydrochlorate sol. , 
 
 562 
 
 syrup, 809, 850, 
 
 858 
 
 ipecac troches, 
 
 964 
 
 Mullein, fl. ext., . . 
 
 476 
 
 lozenges, 
 
 964 
 
 Muriatic acid, 56, 60, 236 
 
 meconate, . 
 
 122 
 
 diluted, . . 56, 60 
 
 nitrate, .... 
 
 122 
 
 Muriate of ammonium 
 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 657 
 
 elixir, 
 
 3U 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1253 
 
 Muriate of ammo- 
 
 
 Nankeen, .... 
 
 S76 
 
 Nickel oleate, 
 
 659 
 
 nium syrup, 
 
 843 
 
 Naphtha, . . . 189 
 
 671 
 
 oxides 
 
 634 
 
 iron elixir, tasteless, 
 
 314 
 
 wood, ... 95 
 
 772 
 
 plating solution, 
 
 590 
 
 iron tincture, . . 
 
 907 
 
 Naphthaline, . 
 
 694 
 
 silver, . 
 
 264 
 
 of tin solution, . 
 
 592 
 
 Naphthalin ointment, 
 
 992 
 
 sulphate, . . 
 
 634 
 
 Mutterpflaster, . . 
 
 3S6 
 
 Naples soft soap, . 
 
 743 
 
 Night blooming cere 
 
 
 Musk cologne, . 
 
 1158 
 
 Narceia, .... 
 
 122 
 
 us extract, . 
 
 1 J 5 5 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 "55 
 
 Narceine, . . .122 
 
 666 
 
 cereus, fl. ext., 46 
 
 I] 4" 7 
 
 ext. for perfumes, 
 
 "53 
 
 Narcotine, . . . 
 
 666 
 
 cereus tincture. 
 
 949 
 
 oil, ... . . 
 
 654 
 
 Nasal suppositories, 
 
 789 
 
 Niker seed oil, . 
 
 642 
 
 root, elixir, 
 
 371 
 
 Natrium, .... 
 
 746 
 
 Nitrate of aconitine 
 
 104 
 
 elixir, comp. 
 
 371 
 
 aceticum, . 
 
 747 
 
 aluminium. 
 
 140 
 
 extract for perf . , 
 
 "53 
 
 benzoicum, 
 
 747 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 M7 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 462 
 
 bicarbonicum, 
 
 748 
 
 amyl, . . . 
 
 151 
 
 seed ext. for perf., 
 
 11-:} 
 
 nitricum, 
 
 752 
 
 barium, . 
 
 1S8 
 
 seed tincture, . . 
 
 947 
 
 phosphoricum, 
 
 753 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 x 97 
 
 tincture, 
 
 Q22 
 
 413 
 
 Neatsfoot oil, . . 
 Nectandra, fl. extract 
 
 641 
 
 . 4<'5 
 
 cadmium, . 
 
 203 
 
 Mustard essence, 
 
 cerium, . 
 
 226 
 
 liniment, comp., . 
 
 545 
 
 Nectar essence or ext 
 
 •,43i 
 
 copper, . 
 
 265 
 
 oil, artificial, . . 
 
 134 
 
 syrup 
 
 859 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 512 
 
 expressed, . . 
 
 640 
 
 Negrosine, 
 
 155 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 697 
 
 volatile, . . . 
 
 650 
 
 Nepeta cataria, fluid 
 
 
 lithium, . 
 
 595 
 
 paper 
 
 229 
 
 extract, . 
 
 473 
 
 mercury, . . 
 
 532 
 
 plaster 
 
 393 
 
 Nephritic compound, 
 
 1091 
 
 mercury ointment 
 
 9S0 
 
 plasters spread, . 
 
 393 
 
 Neroli essence, . 
 
 1152 
 
 mercury ointmen 
 
 
 spirit 
 
 771 
 
 Nerve and bone lin., 
 
 1097 
 
 diluted, . 
 
 9S1 
 
 Moulds electrotyping 
 
 161 
 
 food, " Moxie," . 
 
 866 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 122 
 
 Mountain balm oil, . 
 
 653 
 
 foods and tonics,. 
 
 866 
 
 potassium, . . 
 
 ?- 
 
 laurel, fl. ext.. 
 
 475 
 
 Nervensalbe, 
 
 9S7 
 
 potassium, paper 
 
 228 
 
 mint, fl. ext., . . 
 
 469 
 
 Nervine, American, 
 
 
 sanguinarine, . 
 
 1 31 1 
 
 sage, fl. ext., . . 
 
 468 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 silver, . . . 
 
 173 
 
 Moustache wax, 
 
 "45 
 
 balsam 
 
 994 
 
 diluted, . . 
 
 174 
 
 " Muxie " nerve food 
 
 866 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 1099 
 
 fused, 
 
 174 
 
 Mycose, .... 
 
 735 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 994 
 
 mitigated, . 
 
 174 
 
 Myrbane, . . . 
 
 190 
 
 sedative elixir, 
 
 1 100 
 
 moulded, 
 
 474 
 
 oil 
 
 645 
 
 tonic 
 
 [099 
 
 and potassium. 
 
 174 
 
 Myrcia acris, . . 
 
 649 
 
 Nervines 
 
 109S 
 
 toughened, . 
 
 175 
 
 Myrciae, tl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 Neroli oil, 
 
 646 
 
 sodium, 
 
 757 
 
 gale, fl. ext., . . 
 
 475 
 
 Nesbit's specific. 
 
 629 
 
 strontium, . . 
 
 774 
 
 Myrcia, spirit, . . 
 
 770 
 
 Nessler's reagant, . 
 
 583 
 
 urea, . . . 
 
 994 
 
 Myricin, . . 214 
 
 , 733 
 
 Nettle, fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 Nitrates, . 63 
 
 
 Myristioe adeps. 
 
 639 
 
 Neutral mixture. 
 
 626 
 
 Nitre 
 
 
 Myristica, fragrans, 
 
 
 phos. of calcium, 
 
 753 
 
 sal 
 
 708 
 
 il extract, . . . 
 
 4O2 
 
 principles, . 
 
 515 
 
 Spirit, sweet, . 
 
 7'"' 
 
 Myrtle wax, . . . 
 
 215 
 
 sodium sulphite, . 
 
 755 
 
 Nitric acid. 
 
 2,636 
 
 Myrtus checan, fl. ext 
 
 ,4'") 
 
 spirit 
 
 88 
 
 diluted, . . 
 
 
 Mvrrha 
 
 7?9 
 
 Neutral'g cordial, 31 1 
 
 fuming, . 
 
 
 Myrrh, . . . 
 
 729 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 366 
 
 anhydride, . . 
 
 
 and capsicum tinct. 
 
 951 
 
 New England Rum, 
 
 1188 
 
 oxide, 
 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 495 
 
 artificial, . . . 
 
 1188 
 
 peroxide, . 
 
 
 liquid extract, . 
 
 4<;5 
 
 New-York Sun chol- 
 
 
 Nitrification, . 
 
 
 lotion 
 
 597 
 
 era mixture, 
 
 [05 1 
 
 Nitrite of ammoniui 
 
 
 lotion, compound, 
 
 597 
 
 \i^ colum, 
 
 633 
 
 amyl, 
 
 i = i 
 
 Mil 
 
 
 Nickel 
 
 633 
 
 amyl, pearls, . 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 923 
 
 acetate 
 
 634 
 
 amyl, vapor. . 
 
 
 
 
 bromide, 
 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 7" 
 
 
 
 carbonate, , . . 
 
 
 Nitrites, . . (, 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 
 Nitrobenzol, 
 
 
 
 
 cyanide. 
 
 634 
 
 Nitrogen, . 
 
 634 
 
 1 . . . 
 
 1 1:.. 
 
 double chlorides, . 
 
 
 acids, 
 
 
 or manicure powd'r 
 
 [I50 
 
 double sulphates, . 
 
 
 monoxide, . 
 
 
 or manicure salve. 
 
 1 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 
 oxides, . 
 
 • 635 
 
1254 
 
 Nitrogen pentoxide, 635 
 
 Odors of flowers, . 1154 
 
 Oil cedrat, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 peroxide, . . . 635 
 
 (Enanthyl. 
 
 . . s 5 
 
 celery, . . . . 
 
 652 
 
 trioxide, . . . 635 
 
 Oenothera bie 
 
 inis.475,487 
 
 chamomile, 
 
 646 
 
 Nitrogenium, . . 634 
 
 Oil acoustic, . 
 
 • • 653 
 
 chaulmoogra, . 
 
 642 
 
 Nitroglycerin, . 516, 636 
 
 allspice, 
 
 ■ • 649 
 
 chenopodium, . 
 
 647 
 
 tablets 871 
 
 almond bitter, . 645 
 
 cherry laurel, . 
 
 652 
 
 Nitrogenized iron, . 840 
 
 almond expressed, 63S 
 
 chickerberry, . 
 
 648 
 
 medicines, ... S4 
 
 amber, . 
 
 . . 650 
 
 cinnamon, . 
 
 647 
 
 oils, 643 
 
 ambergris, . 
 
 • • 654 
 
 citronella, . . 
 
 652 
 
 Nitro-hydroc h 1 r i c 
 
 angelica, 
 
 • • 652 
 
 cloves, , 
 
 647 
 
 acid, ... 56, 63 
 
 angleworm, 
 
 . . 641 
 
 coal, .... 
 
 654 
 
 acid, diluted, . 56, 63 
 
 angostura, . 
 
 . . 652 
 
 cocoanut, . . 63 
 
 S 642 
 
 Nitro-muriatic acid, 63 
 
 aniline, 
 
 • 150, 154 
 
 cod liver, . . 
 
 638 
 
 acid, diluted, . . 63 
 
 animal, . 
 
 . . 641 
 
 cognac, . 
 
 652 
 
 Nitroso-nitric acid, . 636 
 
 anise, 
 
 . . 646 
 
 colocynth, . 
 
 640 
 
 Nitrous acid, . . . 636 
 
 apple, . 
 
 . . 151 
 
 conium, . 
 
 640 
 
 anhydride, . . . 635 
 
 arnica, . 
 
 . . 652 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 647 
 
 ether, . . 78, 80, 761 
 
 asa-fetida, 
 
 . . 652 
 
 coriander, . 
 
 647 
 
 ether, concentrated, 
 
 balm mint, 
 
 . . -652 
 
 coto, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 80, 761 
 
 balsam fir, . 
 
 .652, 663 
 
 cotton seed, 
 
 638 
 
 ether spirit, . . 760 
 
 bay, . . 
 
 • • 649 
 
 cress, . . 
 
 652 
 
 oxide, .... 635 
 
 bayberry, 
 
 . . 642 
 
 eroton, . 
 
 640 
 
 Nonyl 85 
 
 beading, 
 
 . . 1190 
 
 croton liniment, 
 
 544 
 
 alcohol, .... 85 
 
 bear's, . 
 
 . . 641 
 
 crude, . 
 
 671 
 
 Norwood's tincture, 
 
 beechnut, 
 
 . . 662 
 
 cubeb, . 
 
 647 
 
 veratrum viride, 944 
 
 behn, 
 
 . . 642 
 
 cucumber seed, 
 
 642 
 
 Nuphar, ad vena, fl.ext. 469 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 . . 640 
 
 cumin, . 
 
 652 
 
 Nut oils, .... 642 
 
 benne, . 
 
 • • 639 
 
 curacoa, 
 
 646 
 
 Nutgall fl. ext., . . 474 
 
 benzoin, 
 
 • • 654 
 
 cuscus, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 ointment 977 
 
 bergamot, 
 
 . . 646 
 
 cyna, 
 
 652 
 
 opium ointment, . 977 
 
 birch, 
 
 . . 652 
 
 dahlia, . 
 
 652 
 
 Nutritive soothing 
 
 birch tar, 
 
 . 652, 649 
 
 dead, 
 
 694 
 
 syrup, . . .1114 
 
 bitter almor 
 
 ids, . 645 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 640 
 
 Nutmeg butter, . . 639 
 
 artificial, 
 
 . . 190 
 
 dill 
 
 645 
 
 essence, . . 413, 770 
 
 bitter orang 
 
 e, . . 646 
 
 dugong, 
 
 642 
 
 fluid extract, . . 462 
 
 black peppe 
 
 r, . . 661 
 
 elder, ... 64 
 
 0, 652 
 
 oil, 649 
 
 bone, 
 
 . 2ii, 641 
 
 electric, . . 
 
 1006 
 
 oil, expressed, . 639 
 
 british, . 
 
 • • 653 
 
 elemi, 
 
 652 
 
 spirit, .... 770 
 
 buchu, . 
 
 . • 652 
 
 ergot, 
 
 642 
 
 syrup, .... 858 
 
 burgundy p 
 
 itch, . 652 
 
 erigeron, 
 
 647 
 
 Nuts, 22 
 
 cade, 
 
 . . 648 
 
 etherial, 
 
 82 
 
 Nux vomica, abstract, 48 
 
 cajuput, 
 
 . . 646 
 
 eucalyptus, 
 
 648 
 
 elixir, .... 346 
 
 calamus, 
 
 . . 646 
 
 eulachon, . 
 
 642 
 
 extract 448 
 
 camphor, 
 
 . . 652 
 
 fennel, . 
 
 648 
 
 fluid extract, . . 464 
 
 camphorate 
 
 i, • • 544 
 
 feverfew, • . 
 
 652 
 
 tincture, . . . 923 
 
 Canada sna 
 
 ce root, 652 
 
 fir- wood, or fir- wo 
 
 01,650 
 
 tincture etherial, . 952 
 
 candle-nut, 
 
 . . 642 
 
 flaxseed, 
 
 638 
 
 Nymphssa odorata, 
 
 canella, . 
 
 . • 652 
 
 ■ fleabane, . . 
 
 647 
 
 fluid extract, . 469 
 
 cantharides 
 
 . 640 
 
 fousel, . . 86, 9 
 
 5. 150 
 
 
 capsicum, 
 
 . 640, 652 
 
 fusel, . . 86, 9 
 
 5. 150 
 
 
 caraway, 
 
 • • 647 
 
 galangal, 
 
 652 
 
 
 
 caraway chz 
 
 ff, . 647 
 
 gargling, . . 
 
 1096 
 
 
 caraway see 
 
 d, . . 647 
 
 garlic, . 
 
 652 
 
 Oak poison, fl. ext., 462 
 
 carbon, . 
 
 654, 671 
 
 garlic, artificial, 
 
 134 
 
 Oak white, fl. ext., . 476 
 
 cardamom, 
 
 . 642, 652 
 
 garlic, volatile, 
 
 134 
 
 Oats, common, fl.ext., 461 
 
 carrot, . 
 
 . . 652 
 
 geranium rose, 
 
 652 
 
 concentrated tinct., 1129 
 
 cascarilla, 
 
 . • 652 
 
 ginger, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 Obstetrical ointment, 994 
 
 cassia, . 
 
 • • 647 
 
 ginger grass, . 
 
 652 
 
 Ocean spray perfume ,1155 
 
 castor, . 
 
 • • 639 
 
 golden rod, 
 
 652 
 
 Octyl 85 
 
 catmint, 
 
 . . 652 
 
 goose, . . . 
 
 641 
 
 alcohol, .... 35 
 
 cedar, . 
 
 . . 652 
 
 green, . . . 
 
 640 
 
 Odontine toothpaste, 1138 
 
 cedarwood, 
 
 . . 652 
 
 ground-nut, 
 
 662 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1255 
 
 Oil gurjun balsam, . 
 
 652 
 
 Oil myrrh, 
 
 653 
 
 Oil spike, . . 
 
 • 654 
 
 Haarlem, . 
 
 654 
 
 myrbane, . 
 
 645 
 
 spike lavender 
 
 • 653 
 
 hazel nut, . 
 
 662 
 
 neatsfoot, . 
 
 641 
 
 spiritous, . 
 
 • 645 
 
 hedge garlic, . 
 
 652 
 
 neroli, . 
 
 646 
 
 spruce, . . 
 
 • 653 
 
 heliotrope, . 
 
 652 
 
 neroli, bigarade, 
 
 646 
 
 stillingia, . 
 
 • 953 
 
 hemlock, . . . 
 
 652 
 
 neroli, petale, . 
 
 646 
 
 stone, . . 
 
 ■ 655 
 
 hemp 
 
 642 
 
 neroli, petit grain 
 
 640 
 
 stramonium seed, 642 
 
 hen's, .... 
 
 641 
 
 niker seed, 
 
 642 
 
 styrax, . 
 
 ■ 654 
 
 hickory nut, 
 
 662 
 
 nutmeg, 
 
 849 
 
 sulphurated, 
 
 . 186 
 
 hoarhound, . . 
 
 652 
 
 nutmeg, expresse( 
 
 I, 639 
 
 summer savor) 
 
 , • 673 
 
 hops 
 
 652 
 
 olibanum, . 
 
 653 
 
 sunflower seed 
 
 642 
 
 horsemint, . 
 
 652 
 
 olive, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 swallows, . 
 
 . 640 
 
 horseradish, 
 
 652 
 
 orange flowers. 
 
 646 
 
 sweet basil, 
 
 • 653 
 
 Hungarian balsam, 
 
 652 
 
 orange peel, . 
 
 946 
 
 sweet marjoram, . 653 
 
 hyacinth, . . . 
 
 654 
 
 orange, sweet, 
 
 646 
 
 sweet sicily, 
 
 • 653 
 
 hydrocarbon, . 
 
 654 
 
 origanum, . 
 
 6 5 r 
 
 sweet violet, 
 
 ■ 653 
 
 hyoscyamus, . 940 
 
 ,642 
 
 pear, 
 
 151 
 
 tansy, . . 
 
 • 653 
 
 hyssop, .... 
 
 652 
 
 palm, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 tar, . . . 
 
 ■ 649 
 
 Indian cannabis, . 
 
 652 
 
 parsley, . 
 
 653 
 
 tea, . 
 
 • 653 
 
 inula, .... 
 
 652 
 
 patchouly, . 
 
 653 
 
 theobroma, 
 
 . 640 
 
 jasmine, 
 
 654 
 
 peach pit, . 
 
 662 
 
 thuja, . . 
 
 • 653 
 
 jonquil, .... 
 
 654 
 
 pennyroyal. 
 
 64S 
 
 thyme, . 
 
 . 651 
 
 juniper, .... 
 
 648 
 
 peppermint, 
 
 649 
 
 tobacco, 
 
 • 653 
 
 juniper wood, . 
 
 648 
 
 petroleum, . . 
 
 654 
 
 tonka, . . 
 
 . 642 
 
 juniper, empyreu- 
 
 
 phellandrium, . 
 
 653 
 
 tuberose, . 
 
 . 654 
 
 matic, 
 
 648 
 
 phosphate^, 
 
 640 
 
 tucum, . 
 
 . 642 
 
 kerosene, . 
 
 654 
 
 pine apple, 
 
 201 
 
 turpentine, 
 
 . 651 
 
 lard 
 
 638 
 
 pimento, . . 
 
 649 
 
 turpentine, rectified, 651 
 
 larkspur seed, . . 
 
 642 
 
 poppy, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 union salad, 
 
 . 63S 
 
 laurel, expressed, 
 
 638 
 
 porpoise, 
 
 642 
 
 valerian, 
 
 . 651 
 
 lavender, . . . 
 
 648 
 
 pumpkin seed, 
 
 642 
 
 verbena, 
 
 • 653 
 
 lavender flowers, . 
 
 648 
 
 rape seed, . 
 
 639 
 
 violet, . 
 
 • 654 
 
 lemon, .... 
 
 648 
 
 rattlesnake oil, 
 
 641 
 
 virgin, . 
 
 ■ 639 
 
 lemon grass, . . 
 
 652 
 
 red, .... 
 
 655 
 
 vitriol, . 
 
 ■ 78] 
 
 light 
 
 694 
 
 resin. . . . 
 
 723 
 
 walnut, . 
 
 . 662 
 
 lilac 
 
 652 
 
 rhodium, . . 65 
 
 3. 654 
 
 walrus, . 
 
 . 642 
 
 limes, .... 
 
 649 
 
 rock, 
 
 655 
 
 watchmaker's, 
 
 • 639 
 
 limette or limes, . 
 
 652 
 
 rose, . . . 
 
 650 
 
 water plantain 
 
 • 653 
 
 linden, .... 
 
 652 
 
 rosemary, . 
 
 650 
 
 whale, . 
 
 . 651 
 
 liniment, ready, . 
 
 1097 
 
 rue 
 
 650 
 
 wild ginger, 
 
 • 653 
 
 linseed, .... 
 
 638 
 
 saffron, . 
 
 653 
 
 wine, heavy, 
 
 . 682 
 
 lobelia 
 
 652 
 
 sagapanum, 
 
 653 
 
 wintergreen, 
 
 . 64S 
 
 lovage 
 
 652 
 
 sage, . . . 
 
 653 
 
 Wood, 
 
 182, 663 
 
 lubricating, • . . 
 
 654 
 
 St. Jacob's, 
 
 1098 
 
 woodchuck, 
 
 . 641 
 
 mace, .... 
 
 649 
 
 salad, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 wormseed, . 
 
 • 047 
 
 mangosteen, . 
 
 642 
 
 salt, .... 
 
 236 
 
 wormwood, 
 
 • 653 
 
 marjoram, . 
 
 652 
 
 santal, . 
 
 650 
 
 yarrow, . 
 
 • 6g3 
 
 marrubium, . . 
 
 652 
 
 sassafras, . 
 
 650 
 
 ylang ylang, 
 
 • 653 
 
 marsh tea, . 
 
 652 
 
 savin, . . . 
 
 650 
 
 zedoary, 
 
 
 masterwort, 
 
 653 
 
 seal, .... 
 
 642 
 
 ( tiled paper, 
 
 . 231 
 
 matico 
 
 653 
 
 seneka, . 
 
 954 
 
 Oils, . . . 
 
 . 636 
 
 matricaria, . 
 
 653 
 
 serpentaria, 
 
 653 
 
 distilled, . 
 
 • 643 
 
 meadow sweet, 
 
 736 
 
 sesamum, . 
 
 639 
 
 essential, . 
 
 642 
 
 melissa. 
 
 653 
 
 sewing machine, 
 
 641 
 
 fatty, . . 
 
 fJ4 ?. 654 
 
 melon seed, 
 
 642 
 
 shark, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 fish, . . . 
 
 . 641 
 
 menhaden, . . . 
 
 042 
 
 signal, . 
 
 671 
 
 . . 
 
 . 637 
 
 mountain halm. 
 
 653 
 
 skunk, . 
 
 'Mi 
 
 from fruit, . 
 
 . 642 
 
 musk 
 
 654 
 
 smartweed, 
 
 653 
 
 hair, . . . 
 
 M )1 
 
 mustard, artificial, 
 
 134 
 
 soap, 
 
 
 methods of disl 
 
 illing,643 
 
 mustard, expressed 
 
 . ''1" 
 
 soot, 
 
 
 mineral, 
 
 
 mustard volatile, , 
 
 650 
 
 spearmint, . 
 
 649 
 
 mixed, . 
 
 637. 653 
 
 mustard volatile, . 
 
 135 
 
 sperm, . . . 
 
 641 
 
 nitro) 
 
 643 
 
1256 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Oils, nut, . . . 
 
 . 642 
 
 Ointment croton oil 
 
 992 
 
 Ointment red precip- 
 
 
 oxygenated, . 642, 643 
 
 cyanide of mercury, 992 
 
 itate, .... 
 
 9S1 
 
 paraffin, 
 
 • 654 
 
 cyanide of potas. 
 
 992 
 
 resin, .... 
 
 987 
 
 from seeds, 
 
 . 642 
 
 diachylon, . 
 
 976 
 
 rosemary, comp., 
 
 987 
 
 sulphurated, . 
 
 ■ 643 
 
 egg. • • • 
 
 
 993 
 
 rose water. 
 
 971 
 
 vegetable, . 
 
 . 642 
 
 Egyptian, . 
 
 
 993 
 
 salicylic acid, . 
 
 970 
 
 volatile, . 
 
 . 642 
 
 elder flower, 
 
 
 992 
 
 salt rheum, . . 
 
 1 105 
 
 Ointment, 
 
 . 9 63 
 
 elder, green, 
 
 
 992 
 
 savin 
 
 9S7 
 
 acetate of lead, 
 
 • 9§4 
 
 elemi, 
 
 
 976 
 
 scrofularia, 
 
 992 
 
 aconitine, . 
 
 • 97i 
 
 emetina, 
 
 
 992 
 
 simple 
 
 968 
 
 alkaline, 
 
 • 993 
 
 eucalyptus, 
 
 
 976 
 
 skin, .... 
 
 1105 
 
 alum, . . . 
 
 . 962 
 
 euphorbium, 
 
 
 992 
 
 spermaceti, 
 
 975 
 
 ammon'd mercur 
 
 y. 979 
 
 foxglove, . 
 
 
 992 
 
 squill 
 
 992 
 
 antiperiodic, . 
 
 • 993 
 
 gallic acid, . 
 
 
 970 
 
 staphesacre, . . 
 
 988 
 
 aromatic, . 
 
 ■ 993 
 
 garlic, . . 
 
 
 992 
 
 stramonium, . 988 
 
 . 994 
 
 iirseniate of iron 
 
 • 992 
 
 glycerin, 
 
 
 977 
 
 strychnine, 
 
 992 
 
 arseniate of sodii 
 
 im, 992 
 
 glycerine of sub 
 
 
 subchloride of mer 
 
 ,982 
 
 arsenical, . 
 
 • 99 2 
 
 acetate of lead 
 
 978 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 988 
 
 astringent, . 
 
 ■ 993 
 
 goa powder, . 
 
 975 
 
 sulphur, alkaline, 
 
 989 
 
 atropine, 
 
 • 972 
 
 gold, . . 
 
 
 992 
 
 sulphurated potash 
 
 986 
 
 balsam of Peru, 
 
 • 992 
 
 golden, . . 
 
 
 1 103 
 
 sulphate of zinc, . 
 
 992 
 
 basilicon, . . 2 
 
 21, 9S7 
 
 healing, 
 
 
 1 104 
 
 tannate of lead, . 
 
 986 
 
 basilicon, black, 
 
 • 992 
 
 Hebra's, 
 
 
 976 
 
 tannic acid, . . 
 
 970 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 • 972 
 
 hellebore, . 
 
 
 992 
 
 tar 
 
 984 
 
 benzoin, 
 
 ■ 973 
 
 hemlock, 
 
 
 992 
 
 tartar emetic, . 
 
 971 
 
 benzoinated, . 
 
 • 76 
 
 hops, 
 
 
 992 
 
 tartrated antimony 
 
 971 
 
 blue, 
 
 ■ 978 
 
 iodide of lead, 
 
 9S5 
 
 tetter 
 
 1 105 
 
 boracic acid, . 
 
 • "94 
 
 of potassium, 
 
 9S6 
 
 thymol 
 
 1 105 
 
 boric acid, . 
 
 • 969 
 
 of sulphur, 989, 992 
 
 tobacco, 
 
 989 
 
 bromides, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 iodine, . 
 
 982 
 
 turpentine, . . 
 
 990 
 
 bromine, 
 
 • 992 
 
 iodine, compounc 
 
 , 983 
 
 veratrine, . . . 
 
 990 
 
 brown, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 iodoform, . 
 
 9S3 
 
 verdigris, . 
 
 992 
 
 ■cadmium, . 
 
 • 99 2 
 
 itch 
 
 1 104 
 
 veterinary, . 
 
 ii 06 
 
 caffeine, 
 
 • 992 
 
 juniper tar, 
 
 993 
 
 wax 
 
 974 
 
 calamine, . 
 
 • 974 
 
 laudanum, . 
 
 993 
 
 white precipitate, 
 
 979 
 
 calomel, 
 
 . 9S2 
 
 laurel, . 
 
 992 
 
 wood soot, . 
 
 992 
 
 camphor, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 lead, compound. 
 
 993 
 
 yel. ox. of mercurv 
 
 . 9S1 
 
 cantharides, 
 
 • 974 
 
 lupuline, 
 
 992 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 991 
 
 cantharidine, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 Mayer's, 
 
 993 
 
 Ointments, 
 
 9 (, 7 
 
 carbolic, . 96 
 
 9> 1 103 
 
 menthol, 
 
 1 104 
 
 and salves, 
 
 1 102 
 
 carbolic acid, . 
 
 • 9 6 9 
 
 mercurial, . 
 
 978 
 
 of balsams, 
 
 992 
 
 carbonate of leac 
 
 , 985 
 
 mercury, compound, 979 
 
 unofficial, . 
 
 99 * 
 
 camphorated, 
 
 • 9S5 
 
 mezereum, . 
 
 9S3 
 
 Old Tom gin, . . 
 
 1191 
 
 catechu, . . 
 
 • 992 
 
 naphthalin, 
 
 992 
 
 Olea, 
 
 636 
 
 charcoal, 
 
 ■ 992 
 
 nervine, 
 
 994 
 
 cocta 
 
 640 
 
 chalk, . . . 
 
 • 992 
 
 nitrate of mercur) 
 
 , 980 
 
 Europcea, . 
 
 639 
 
 chamomile, 
 
 • 992 
 
 nit. of mere, diluted, 981 
 
 Oleata 
 
 655 
 
 cherry laurel, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 nutgall, . 
 
 977 
 
 Oleate of aconitine, . 
 
 657 
 
 chilblain, . 
 
 . 1060 
 
 nutgall and opium 
 
 , 977 
 
 aluminium, 
 
 658 
 
 chloral hydrate, 
 
 ■ 992 
 
 obstetrical, 
 
 994 
 
 arsenious, . . . 
 
 658 
 
 chloride of gold, 
 
 • 992 
 
 oleate of zinc, . 
 
 991 
 
 atropine. 
 
 657 
 
 chloride of lead, 
 
 • 992 
 
 oxide of mercury, 
 
 9S1 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 658 
 
 chlorine, . . 
 
 ■ 992 
 
 oxide of zinc, . 
 
 79i 
 
 cocaine, 
 
 657 
 
 chloroform, 
 
 . Q92 
 
 paraffin, 
 
 984 
 
 copper 
 
 658 
 
 chrysarobin, . 
 
 • 975 
 
 petrolatum, 
 
 969 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 658 
 
 citrine, . 
 
 . 9S0 
 
 petroleum, . 
 
 672 
 
 lead 
 
 658 
 
 cocculus indicus, 
 
 • 992 
 
 picrotoxin, . 
 
 992 
 
 manganese, . . 
 
 658 
 
 cod liver oil, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 pile 
 
 1 104 
 
 mercury, 
 
 656 
 
 colocynth, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 pitch, . . . 
 
 992 
 
 mercuric, precipit'c 
 
 ,659 
 
 conium, . 
 
 • 992 
 
 poplar buds, . 
 
 992 
 
 mercuric with mor- 
 
 
 corrosive sublima 
 
 te, 992 
 
 quinine, 
 
 992 
 
 phine, 
 
 659 
 
 creasote, 
 
 • 975 
 
 red iodide of n 
 
 en 
 
 ., 980 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 657 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1257 
 
 Oleate of nickel, 
 
 659 
 
 Oleum carvi, . 
 
 647 
 
 Opiate of soloman, . 
 
 875 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 657 
 
 chenopodii, 
 
 647 
 
 Opium, . . . 664 
 
 728 
 
 quinine, 
 
 657 
 
 cinnamomi, 
 
 647 
 
 alkaloids, . . . 
 
 665 
 
 silver 
 
 6 59 l 
 
 cocos, .... 
 
 638 
 
 chalk powder, . 
 
 715 
 
 sodium, .... 
 
 657 
 
 copaibae. 
 
 647 
 
 confection, 
 
 256 
 
 strychnine, 
 
 657 
 
 coriandri, . 
 
 647 
 
 denarcotised. . . 
 
 665 
 
 tin 
 
 659 
 
 crotonis, . . . 
 
 640 
 
 denarcotisatum, . 
 
 665 
 
 veratrine, . 
 
 .656 1 
 
 cubebse, 
 
 647 
 
 elixir 
 
 347 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 659 
 
 erigerontis, 
 
 647 
 
 elixir, deodorized, 
 
 347 
 
 zinc, liquid, 
 
 659 
 
 eucalypti, . • . 
 
 648 
 
 extract 
 
 449 
 
 zinc, ointment, 
 
 991 
 
 fceniculi, . . . 
 
 648 
 
 extract liquid, . 491 
 
 496 
 
 Oleates 
 
 655 
 
 gaultheriae, 
 
 648 
 
 ext, liquid, deod., 
 
 40 
 
 alkaloids, . . . 
 
 6s6 
 
 gossypii seminis, . 
 
 63S 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 496 
 
 metals 
 
 657 
 
 hedeomse, . 
 
 64S 
 
 fl. extract aqueous, 
 
 49' 
 
 Oleatum hydrargyri, 
 
 656 
 
 hyoscyami, 
 
 640 
 
 fl. ext., camphor'd, 
 
 496 
 
 veratrina.% \ . . 
 
 656 
 
 jecoris aselli, . 
 
 639 
 
 fl. ext., deodorized 
 
 496 
 
 Oleic acid, 56, 64.637 
 
 ,655 
 
 juniperi, 
 
 648 
 
 ipecac elixir, . 
 
 337 
 
 Olein, 
 
 637 
 
 lana;, .... 
 
 641 
 
 ipecac syrup, . 
 
 828 
 
 Oleomargarine, . 
 
 202 
 
 lauri, .... 
 
 638 
 
 ipecac tincture, 017 
 
 .950 
 
 Oleoresina aspidii, . 
 
 661 
 
 lavendulse, . . . 
 
 648 
 
 liniment, 
 
 545 
 
 capsici 
 
 661 
 
 limettse, 
 
 649 
 
 liquor, .... 
 
 539 
 
 cubeboe, 
 
 661 
 
 limonis, 
 
 648 
 
 lozenges, 
 
 9 6 5 
 
 piperis 
 
 661 
 
 lini, 
 
 638 
 
 plaster 
 
 387 
 
 lupulini, 
 
 66 1 
 
 macidis, . . . 
 
 649 
 
 powder, compound 
 
 71S 
 
 zingiberis, . 
 
 661 
 
 menthie piperita, 
 
 649 
 
 powdered, . 
 
 664 
 
 Oleoresinae, . 
 
 660 
 
 mentha; viridis, . 
 
 649 
 
 saffron tincture. . 
 
 929 
 
 Oleoresin allspice, . 
 
 662 
 
 morrhuce, . 
 
 638 
 
 sol. comp., Squibb's,588 
 
 aspidium, . 
 
 66 r 
 
 myrciae, . . ■ . 
 
 649 
 
 sol. sed.. Battle} 's, 
 
 5S9 
 
 Canada snake root, 
 
 662 
 
 myristicae, . . . 
 
 649 
 
 syrup 
 
 S25 
 
 capsicum, . 
 
 661 
 
 myristicae expres- 
 
 
 tincture. . . . 
 
 925 
 
 cubebs, .... 
 
 661 
 
 sum, .... 
 
 639 
 
 acetated, . . 
 
 927 
 
 ginger 
 
 661 
 
 nucistac, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 ammoniated, 
 
 927 
 
 horse chestnut, . 
 
 662 
 
 olive, .... 
 
 639 
 
 benzoated, . 
 
 928 
 
 lobelia, .... 
 
 662 
 
 papaveris, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 camphorated, . 
 
 928 
 
 lupulin, .... 
 
 661 
 
 phosphoratum, 
 
 640 
 
 compound, .951 
 
 629 
 
 male fern, . 
 
 661 
 
 pimentae, . 
 
 649 
 
 deodorized, . 
 
 929 
 
 pepper, .... 
 
 661 
 
 picis liquidae, . 
 
 649 
 
 deod. with nitre, 
 
 953 
 
 savin, .... 
 
 662 
 
 pini sylvestris, 
 
 650 
 
 vinegar, 
 
 53 
 
 < Heo-resins, . 
 
 660 
 
 rapae 
 
 639 
 
 vinegar, aromatic, 
 
 54 
 
 by U. S. P., . . 
 
 
 ricini 
 
 639 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 1 1 N 13 
 
 water-bath percol'r 
 
 , (><» > 
 
 rosae, .... 
 
 650 
 
 • Opodeldoc, liquid, . 
 
 545 
 
 natural 
 
 662 
 
 rosmarini, . . . 
 
 650 
 
 1 tpoponax, 
 
 73" 
 
 other, .... 
 
 662 
 
 ruta; 
 
 650 
 
 chironium, . 
 
 
 Oleo-saccharures, 
 
 735 
 
 sabina;, .... 
 
 950 
 
 ( (range, bitter oil, . 
 
 646 
 
 Oleum adipis, 
 
 638 
 
 santali, .... 
 
 650 
 
 bitters 
 
 437 
 
 rum, . . . 
 
 82 
 
 sassafras, . 
 
 650 
 
 bitters, extract. . 
 
 437 
 
 amygdalae amarae, 
 
 645 
 
 sesami, . . . . 
 
 639 
 
 blood, syrup, . . 
 
 660 
 
 amygdalae expres- 
 
 
 sinipis expressum, 
 
 640 
 
 chrome. 
 
 69E 
 
 sum, .... 
 
 638 
 
 sinapis volatile, . 
 
 650 
 
 coloring. . . . 
 
 249 
 
 anethi 
 
 645 
 
 succini, . 
 
 650 
 
 elixir 
 
 347 
 
 .- 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 : 1 1 . • eetherium 
 
 641 
 
 terebinthihae, . 
 
 
 elixir, COmp., 348 
 
 
 anisi, .... 
 
 646 
 
 terebinthin 
 
 
 essence, . , • 
 
 4'4 
 
 anthemidis, 
 
 646 
 
 ficatus, . 
 
 651 
 
 essei 
 
 
 aurantii corticis, . 
 
 646 
 
 theobromae, . 238 
 
 . 640 
 
 fumes, . . . 
 
 
 aurantii tlorum, . 
 
 
 thymi 
 
 
 extra.!. Soluble, . 
 
 4-*4 
 
 miii, . 
 
 646 
 
 tigHi 
 
 640 
 
 flower ext., triple, 
 
 [:5a 
 
 puti, 
 
 646 
 
 Valerianae, . 
 
 
 flower, oil, 
 
 
 calami 
 
 646 
 
 < Hibanum, 
 
 730 
 
 flower, syrup, 791 
 
 camphoratum, 
 
 5+4 
 
 oil 
 
 
 flower water. . 
 
 164 
 
 cari 
 
 647 
 
 Olive oil 
 
 
 fruit, tincture, 
 
 888 
 
 carophylli, . 
 
 647 
 
 emulsion, . 
 
 407 
 
 ..1 Malta syrup. re< 
 
 
 carui 
 
 647 
 
 ( Inosmodium, il. exi 
 
 . r 1 
 
 peel, bitter, fl. ext. 
 
 i" 
 
1258 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Orange peel, confec- 
 
 
 Oxide of aluminium, 
 
 139 
 
 tion 
 
 260 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 157 
 
 peel, infusion, 
 
 536 
 
 bismuth, . . . 
 
 194 
 
 peel,infusion,comp 
 
 ,536 
 
 bismuth hydrated, 
 
 195 
 
 peel, sweet, fl. ext.. 
 
 473 
 
 cobalt, .... 
 
 240 
 
 peel, tinct., bitter, 
 
 887 
 
 cadmium, . 
 
 204 
 
 peel, tinct.. sweet, 
 
 888 
 
 calcium, 
 
 208 
 
 phosphate, syrup. 
 
 859 
 
 carbon 
 
 213 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 764 
 
 iron, magnetic, 
 
 512 
 
 spirit, compound, 
 
 276 
 
 iron, red, . . . 
 
 512 
 
 sweet, oil, . . . 
 
 646 
 
 iron, saccharated, 
 
 512 
 
 syrup, . 795, 850 
 
 859 
 
 iron syrup, 
 
 801 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 859 
 
 lead, .... 
 
 698 
 
 syrup, soda water, 
 
 
 lithium, .... 
 
 595 
 
 .... 424 
 
 859 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 598 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 999 
 
 manganese, black, 
 
 614 
 
 Orchil 
 
 876 
 
 mercury oint., red, 
 
 981 
 
 Oregon grape, fl. ext. 
 
 
 mercury ointment, 
 
 
 468 
 
 '4S7 
 
 yellow, . 
 
 981 
 
 Orellana, .... 
 
 875 
 
 mercury, red, . 
 
 529 
 
 Organic element. 
 
 210 
 
 mercury, yellow, . 
 
 528 
 
 Orgeat, essence or ex- 
 
 
 phosphorus, 
 
 674 
 
 tract, 
 
 431 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 175 
 
 syrup, . . 794 
 
 860 
 
 strontium, . . . 
 
 774 
 
 Oriental cream, 
 
 1132 
 
 zinc, 
 
 1018 
 
 toothwash. 
 
 1136 
 
 zinc ointment, 
 
 991 
 
 Origanum, fl. ext., . 
 
 46S 
 
 Oxides 
 
 667 
 
 oil 
 
 651 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 159 
 
 Orpiment, . 177 
 
 *79 
 
 barium, 
 
 18S 
 
 Orthophosphoric acid 
 
 
 carbon 
 
 213 
 
 .... 56,64 
 
 674 
 
 cerium, .... 
 
 226 
 
 Orris, essence, . . 
 
 418 
 
 chromium, . 
 
 239 
 
 extract 
 
 418 
 
 copper, .... 
 
 266 
 
 ext. for perfumes, 
 
 "53 
 
 gold, .... 
 
 180 
 
 root, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 iron 
 
 512 
 
 tincture. 
 
 948 
 
 lead, 
 
 699 
 
 Osgood's Indian Chola- 
 
 manganese, 
 
 615 
 
 gogue, . . . 
 
 1025 
 
 nickel, .... 
 
 634 
 
 Osmunda, fl. ext., . 
 
 475 
 
 nitrogen, . 
 
 635 
 
 Ostrya, Virginica, fl. 
 
 
 platinum, . 
 
 695 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 475 
 
 tellurium, . . . 
 
 S74 
 
 Osmorrhiza, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 tin 
 
 773 
 
 Ottawa beer. 
 
 425 
 
 uranium, 
 
 994 
 
 beer, extract, . 
 
 425 
 
 Oxycarb. of bismuth. 
 
 192 
 
 beer svrup, . 425 
 
 851 
 
 Oxychlor. of antimony 
 
 -157 
 
 Otto, defined, . . 
 
 642 
 
 bismuth, . . . 
 
 197 
 
 Rose, .... 
 
 650 
 
 phosphorous, . . 
 
 674 
 
 Oxalate of ammoniun 
 
 ,150 
 
 Oxydendron, fluid ex- 
 
 
 barium 
 
 188 
 
 tract, .... 
 
 475 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 197 
 
 Oxygen, .... 
 
 666 
 
 cerium, .... 
 
 226 
 
 Oxygenated oils, 642, 643 
 
 iron, 
 
 507 
 
 Oxygenation, 
 
 667 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 712 
 
 Oxygenium, . . % . 
 
 666 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 176 
 
 Oxymel, .... 
 
 619 
 
 Oxaldines, 
 
 96 
 
 scillre, .... 
 
 619 
 
 Oxalic acid, . .57 
 
 734 
 
 of squill, 
 
 619 
 
 Ox-gall 
 
 497 
 
 Oxynarcotine, 
 
 666 
 
 inspissated, 
 
 497 
 
 Oxynitrate of bismuth 
 
 ,196 
 
 prepared, . 
 
 497 
 
 Ozier green, fluid ex- 
 
 
 purified, 
 
 497 
 
 tract, .... 
 
 474 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 Ozokerite, . . . 
 
 216 
 
 Oxidation, 
 
 667 
 
 Ozone, .... 
 
 667 
 
 Pad copying hekto- 
 
 graph, . . .1180 
 
 Pad glue 1 165 
 
 Pain cure balm, . . 1032 
 killer, . . 951, 1032 
 soothing cordial, 102S 
 
 Palm oil 642 
 
 soap 742 
 
 Palmatin, . . . 637 
 Palmer's lotion, . . 598 
 Palmetic acid, . . 637 
 Palmetto saw berries, 
 
 fl. ext., . . . 469 
 
 Panaceas or balms, . 103 c 
 
 Panax, fl. ext , . . 475 
 
 Pancoast's cough mix., 629 
 
 Pancreatin, . . . 667 
 
 crystal, .... 668 
 
 elixir, . . . . 348 
 
 and pepsin elixir. 349 
 
 pepsin and bismuth 
 
 elixir, . . . 349 
 
 wine, . . . .1011 
 
 Pancreatinum, . . (-67 
 
 saccharatum, . . 668 
 
 Pancro-pepsin liquor, 563 
 
 Pansy, wild, fl. ext., 476 
 
 Papaver, fl. ext., . 475 
 
 somnifer'm, 639,964,728 
 
 Papaverine, . . . 666 
 
 Papaw, fl. ext., . . 465 
 
 Paper, antimoth, . 1 170 
 
 antiasthmatic, . 230 
 
 antirheumatic, . 230 
 
 barometer, . . . 240 
 
 blistering, . . . 228 
 
 cantharides, . . 227 
 
 carbon, . . 230, 1180 
 
 copying, . . . 230 
 
 Fayard, .... 230 
 
 filtering, . . . 232 
 
 fly, 230 
 
 fly, sticky, . .1170 
 
 gout 230 
 
 litmus, blue, . . 231 
 litmus, red, . . 232 
 mustard, . . . 229 
 nitrate of potassium, 228 
 
 oiled 231 
 
 paraffin, . .232 
 
 parchment, . . 231 
 saltpetre, . . . 228 
 
 tracing 232 
 
 turmeric, ... 232 
 waxed, .... 232 
 
 Papers 227 
 
 test, 231 
 
 Papine, .... 1128 
 
 Paraffin, .... 216 
 
 oils, 654 
 
INDEX. 
 
 12.59 
 
 Paraffin ointment, . 
 
 9 3 4 
 
 Pearl powder. 
 
 196 
 
 Pepsin lactic acid elix 
 
 353 
 
 paper, .... 
 
 232 
 
 Pearls, medicinal, 
 
 514 
 
 liquid 
 
 563 
 
 wax 
 
 216 
 
 of nitrate of amyl, 
 
 152 
 
 pancreatin elixir. . 
 
 349 
 
 Paraguay tea, fl.ext. 
 
 475 
 
 Peckham's balsam, . 
 
 186 
 
 powder, compound 
 
 670 
 
 Paraldehyd, . . . 
 
 97 
 
 Peckham's balsam, . 
 
 1036 
 
 ptelea elixir, . 
 
 355 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 349 
 
 Pectoral balsam, 
 
 184 
 
 purified, . . . 
 
 669 
 
 Paramorphine, . 
 
 666 
 
 cherry, .... 
 
 1 106 
 
 quinine elixir. . . 
 
 354 
 
 Parasaccharose, . 
 
 735 
 
 drops, Bateman's, 
 
 1 106 
 
 quin. and iron elixir, 354 
 
 Parchment paper, . 
 
 231 
 
 elixir 
 
 38l 
 
 quin. and strych- 
 
 
 Paregoric, . . 893 
 
 92S 
 
 pills 
 
 1107 
 
 nine elixir, . 
 
 355 
 
 concentrated, fl.ext 
 
 ,496 
 
 tea, . . . 759, 
 
 1107 
 
 iron quinine and 
 
 
 elixir 
 
 928 
 
 Pectorals, 
 
 1 106 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 355 
 
 extract concent. , . 
 
 496 
 
 Peerless face powder, 
 
 1135 
 
 saccharated, . 
 
 669 
 
 rapid process for 
 
 
 Pelargonic ether, 
 
 78 
 
 scale, .... 
 
 669 
 
 making. . 
 
 928 
 
 Pelosine, .... 
 
 107 
 
 solution, 
 
 563 
 
 Pareira, brava elixir. 
 
 350 
 
 Pelletierine, . 
 
 123 
 
 strychnine elixir, . 
 
 355 
 
 extract 
 
 449 
 
 tannate. 
 
 123 
 
 strych. and iron el. 
 
 353 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 472 
 
 Pelletierina, . 
 
 123 
 
 syrup 
 
 843 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 Pellets, medicated, . 
 
 957 
 
 wafer ash elixir, . 
 
 355 
 
 Paris' carmina t i v e 
 
 
 Pellitory, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 wafer ash glycerite 
 
 521 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 628 
 
 tincture, 
 
 932 
 
 wine, . . 1004, 
 
 ion 
 
 Parsley essence, . . 
 
 414 
 
 Pennyroyal essence, 
 
 414 
 
 Pepsinum, 
 
 668 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 saccharatum, . 
 
 669 
 
 root, fluid extract, 
 
 475 
 
 oil 
 
 64S 
 
 Peptone, . 
 
 669 
 
 seed, fluid extract, 
 
 462 
 
 Pentane 
 
 213 
 
 beef 
 
 670 
 
 Parilla, yellow, fl. ext 
 
 ,465 
 
 Pentasulphide of an- 
 
 
 Peptones 
 
 670 
 
 Partridgeberry com- 
 
 
 timony, . 
 
 160 
 
 Peptonized cod liver 
 
 
 pound syrup, . 
 
 828 
 
 Penthorium sedoides, 
 
 
 oil and milk, 
 
 403 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 fl. extract, 469, 487 
 
 emulsion of cod 
 
 
 fl. extract, comp., 
 
 484 
 
 Pentoxide of nitrogen 635 
 
 liver oil, 
 
 403 
 
 Paste almond, 
 
 260 
 
 Peony, fl extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 Perchlorate of potas., 
 
 712 
 
 depilitory, . . . 
 
 1 140 
 
 Pepo, fl. ext., . . 
 
 475 
 
 Perchlorates, . 
 
 235 
 
 flour 
 
 1167 
 
 Pepper, black, fl. ex., 
 
 462 
 
 Perchloric acid, . 
 
 236 
 
 lum. for rats, etc., 
 
 1171 
 
 cayenne, or red, fl. 
 
 
 Perchloride of antim. 
 
 549 
 
 rat 
 
 1 171 
 
 extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 iron tincture. . 
 
 908 
 
 starch 
 
 1 167 
 
 confection, . . 
 
 257 
 
 iron solutions. 
 
 555 
 
 tooth, .... 
 
 1138 
 
 oleoresin, . 
 
 661 
 
 mercury, 
 
 526 
 
 for tin 
 
 1 167 
 
 sauce, .... 
 
 1194 
 
 Percolation, . 
 
 34 
 
 Pastes 
 
 1 [67 
 
 water, fl. ext., 465. 4S 7 
 
 elixirs, requiring. 
 
 278 
 
 Pastilles, asthma. 
 
 1031 
 
 Peppermint camphor 
 
 649 
 
 water-bath, . . 
 
 40 
 
 Patchouly essence, . 
 
 1152 
 
 essence,. . .414 
 
 , 769 
 
 Percolator, water-bath, 41 
 
 extract 
 
 [i 5 6 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 Percolating, econ. in 
 
 39 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Japanese, . 
 
 649 
 
 menstruum, elixir, 
 
 277 
 
 Patent leather dress- 
 
 
 oil 
 
 649 
 
 Perfumed spirit. 
 
 770 
 
 ing 
 
 U79 
 
 spirit 
 
 769 
 
 Perfumes for hair oil, 
 
 1 1 [2 
 
 medicines, . 
 
 1022 
 
 syrup 
 
 80S 
 
 handkerchief, . 
 
 [150 
 
 Paullinia (guarana), 
 
 
 troches, . . . 
 
 964 
 
 Periodic acid, 
 
 541 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 464 
 
 water 
 
 169 
 
 anhydride, . 
 
 540 
 
 's bromides, 
 
 1 [01 
 
 Pepsin 
 
 6': 8 
 
 Permanganic acid, . 
 
 6i« 
 
 Tea turkey, ll. ext. .468,487 
 
 and bismuth elixir, 
 
 351 
 
 oxide 
 
 615 
 
 Peach essence or ext 
 
 .432 
 
 bismuth and irmi 
 
 
 Permanganate of po- 
 
 
 leaves, ll. ext., 473 
 
 • r: 
 
 elixir, 
 
 352 
 
 tassium, . 
 
 
 pit oil 
 
 662 
 
 bismuth, iron and 
 
 
 Permanganates, . 
 
 615 
 
 syrup, . . 850, 860 
 
 strychnine elixir 
 
 352 
 
 Peroxide of hydrogen 
 
 5.^2 
 
 I'ear, alligator, fl. ext. 
 
 .475 
 
 bis. and strych. elixir, J52 
 
 of hydrogen solut'n 
 
 
 essence or extract. 
 
 432 
 
 compound, 
 
 
 of nitrogen, 
 
 635 
 
 oil 
 
 151 
 
 crystal 
 
 669 
 
 Persia gratissima, fl. 
 
 
 phosphate syrup, 
 
 86., 
 
 elixir, . . .35c 
 
 . 35' 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 
 syrup, . . 850 
 
 860 
 
 elixirs, other, . 
 
 
 Persian sherbet, 
 
 
 Pearlash, . 
 
 . 7"4 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 521 
 
 Persimmon, fruit or 
 
 
 Pearl barley, . 
 
 1-- ) 
 
 iron elixir, . . . 
 
 353 
 
 bark. fl. ext., . . 
 
 1:1 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 1 132 
 
 iron wine, . 
 
 [OI5 
 
 Persulphate o| iron, 
 
 5'2 
 
1260 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Persulphate of mer- 
 
 
 Phosphate magnesiuir 
 
 ,602 
 
 Physostigmine discs 
 
 . 542 
 
 cury, .... 
 
 529 
 
 manganese, . . 
 
 615 
 
 salicylate,- . 
 
 123 
 
 of hydrogen, . 
 
 781 
 
 manganese syrup, 
 
 844 
 
 Phytolacca, fl. ext. 
 
 
 Peru balsam, 
 
 181 
 
 manganese syrup. 
 
 
 . . 469, 48 
 
 balsam, factitious, 
 
 1S4 
 
 compound, . 
 
 S45 
 
 syrup, comp., . 
 
 828 
 
 balsam, reduced, 
 
 184 
 
 mercury, . . . 
 
 532 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 948 
 
 Peruvian balsam, 
 
 181 
 
 quinine syrup, 
 
 846 
 
 Phytolaccin, . 
 
 733 
 
 beer, .... 
 
 424 
 
 quinine iron and 
 
 
 Pickle preserving so- 
 
 beer, extract, . 
 
 425 
 
 strychnine syrup, 
 
 847 
 
 lution, . . . 
 
 59i 
 
 beer, syrup, 425 
 
 851 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 176 
 
 Picra 
 
 135 
 
 bitters 
 
 438 
 
 sodium, .... 
 
 753 
 
 hiera, . . . 
 
 720 
 
 bitters, extract, . 
 
 438 
 
 syrups, .... 
 
 861 
 
 liquid, . . . 
 
 720 
 
 Petrolatum, . 75, 
 
 672 
 
 Phosphates, . . . 
 
 674 
 
 Picraconitine, 
 
 IOI 
 
 benzoinated, . 
 
 973 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 356 
 
 Picrate of ammonium, 149 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 969 
 
 solution, compound 
 
 .577 
 
 Picric acid, . . 
 
 57 
 
 Petroleum, 
 
 671 
 
 sol. comp. concent'c 
 
 ,576 
 
 Picrotoxin, . . 
 
 675 
 
 benzin 
 
 189 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 845 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 crude, . 654 
 
 671 
 
 Phosphide of zinc, . 
 
 101S 
 
 Picrotoxinum, 
 
 675 
 
 ether, . . 189 
 
 671 
 
 Phosphides, . 
 
 674 
 
 Pile ointment, . 
 
 1 104 
 
 naphtha, 
 
 189 
 
 Phosphites, . . . 
 
 675 
 
 suppositories, 
 
 790 
 
 oil, 
 
 654 
 
 Phosphorated emul- 
 
 
 Pill bearing spurge, 
 
 fl. 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 672 
 
 sion cod liver oil 
 
 406 
 
 extract, . 
 
 465 
 
 refined 
 
 671 
 
 oil 
 
 640 
 
 blue, . . 
 
 616 
 
 Petroselinum, fi. ex- 
 
 
 Phosphoretted hydro. 
 
 674 
 
 coating, . . 
 
 680 
 
 tract, . 462, 
 
 475 
 
 Phosphoric acid, di- 
 
 
 coating, gelatine, 
 
 681 
 
 Peumus boldus, 
 
 462 
 
 luted, . . 56, 72 
 
 coating, soluble gela- 
 
 Pewter, .... 
 
 156 
 
 acid, elixir, 
 
 357 
 
 cacia, 
 
 682 
 
 Phellandrium, fl. ex- 
 
 
 acid, glacial, . 57, 65 
 
 coating, sugar, 
 
 680 
 
 tract, . 462 
 
 469 
 
 oxide 
 
 674 
 
 cough, . 
 
 1107 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 Phosphorized cod 
 
 
 driers, . 
 
 678 
 
 Phenic acid, 59, 672 
 
 694 
 
 liver oil, . . . 
 
 1126 
 
 excipients, . 
 
 677 
 
 nascent, syrup, 
 
 844 
 
 Phosphorol, . . . 
 
 1126 
 
 making, 
 
 678 
 
 Pheno-salicylic acid, 
 
 737 
 
 Phosphorous acid, . 
 
 675 
 
 making conv'ni'nces,677 
 
 Phenol, . 59, 672 
 
 694 
 
 Phosphorus, . 
 
 673 
 
 Pills 
 
 675 
 
 propyl, alcohol, . 
 
 713 
 
 acids of, ... 
 
 674 
 
 ague and neuralgic 
 
 , 1025 
 
 pthalein, 
 
 672 
 
 allotropic forms of, 
 
 674 
 
 cathartic, liver, 
 
 1 05 1 
 
 sodique, 
 
 587 
 
 amorphous, 
 
 674 
 
 compressed, 
 
 872 
 
 Phenyl, .... 
 
 672 
 
 black 
 
 674 
 
 female, 
 
 1079 
 
 hydride, 
 
 189 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 674 
 
 formula;, . 683 
 
 to 693 
 
 propyl cinnamate. 
 
 1S2 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 358 
 
 Holloway's, . 
 
 1127 
 
 Phenylamine, 150,15. 
 
 ,673 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 358 
 
 little giant, 
 
 1051 
 
 Phenylate of ammo- 
 
 
 etherate, 
 
 82 
 
 little liver, . . 
 
 1051 
 
 nium, 
 
 150 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 521 
 
 pectoral, 
 
 1107 
 
 Philonium Romanum 
 
 875 
 
 hydride, 
 
 674 
 
 plast'rs and p'wd'rs, 1 107 
 
 Phoradendron, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 iron quinine and 
 
 
 Plummer's, 
 
 159 
 
 Phosphate, acid, 577, 
 
 1023 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 35S 
 
 silvering and gilding, 682 
 
 aluminium, 
 
 T40 
 
 liquid, .... 
 
 674 
 
 Pilocarpina, . . 
 
 124 
 
 ammonium, . . 
 
 147 
 
 nu\ vomica elixir. 
 
 358 
 
 Pilocarpine, hydro 
 
 
 calcium acid, . 
 
 755 
 
 oxides, .... 
 
 674 
 
 chloras, . 
 
 124 
 
 calcium elixir, 
 
 356 
 
 oxy chloride, 
 
 674 
 
 Pilocarpine, . 
 
 12a 
 
 calcium precipitatec 
 
 ,207 
 
 red 
 
 674 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 124 
 
 calcium neutral, . 
 
 755 
 
 solution, compound 
 
 590 
 
 Pilocarpus elixir, 
 
 338 
 
 calcium syrup, 
 
 S44 
 
 sol., Thompson's, 
 
 589 
 
 fl. extract, . . 
 
 472 
 
 iron, . . 508 
 
 509 
 
 tincture, compound 
 
 951 
 
 tincture, 
 
 917 
 
 iron elixir, . . . 
 
 356 
 
 white, .... 
 
 674 
 
 Pilulre, , . . 
 
 675 
 
 iron and quin. elixir, 356 
 
 Physic, Indian, fl. ext 
 
 ,462 
 
 copaibce, 
 
 616 
 
 iron and quin. syr. 
 
 847 
 
 Physostigma, ext., . 
 
 449 
 
 Pilulie ferri carb., 
 
 616 
 
 iron syrup, . . 801 
 
 S44 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 462 
 
 ferri carbonici, 
 
 617 
 
 iron, white, 
 
 512 
 
 Physostigmina, . 
 
 123 
 
 Pimento, fl. extract 
 
 462 
 
 lime, precipitated, 
 
 207 
 
 Physostigmince sali- 
 
 
 water, . 
 
 170 
 
 lime syrup, 
 
 S44 
 
 cylas, 
 
 123 
 
 essence, . . 
 
 414 
 
 lithium, 
 
 595 
 
 Physostigmine, . 
 
 123 
 
 oil 
 
 649 
 

 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 1261 
 
 Pimpernel or pimpi- 
 
 
 antimonial, 
 
 392 
 
 Platinum 
 
 695 
 
 nella, fl. extract, 
 
 462 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 3S4 
 
 black 
 
 695 
 
 scarlet, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 black, . . . 
 
 386 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 695 
 
 Pimpinel tincture. . 
 
 931 
 
 blister, . . . 
 
 219 
 
 oxides 
 
 695 
 
 Pimpinella anisum, . 
 
 646 
 
 burgundy pitch, 
 
 3SS 
 
 sponge, .... 
 
 695 
 
 Pimple lotion. 
 
 114S 
 
 calcined, 
 
 210 
 
 spongy, .... 
 
 695 
 
 Pinchbeck, 
 
 294 
 
 camphor, . . 
 
 392 
 
 Pleurisy root, fluid 
 
 
 Pineapple, ess. or ext 
 
 .432 
 
 Canada pitch, 
 
 3S8 
 
 extract, . . 46 r 
 
 . 4S7 
 
 oil 
 
 20 1 
 
 cancer, . 
 
 392 
 
 Plum, essence or ext. 
 
 , 432 
 
 phosphate syrup. 
 
 S61 
 
 cantharides, 2 
 
 9.384 
 
 syrup, . . . S50, 861 
 
 syrup, . . .850 
 
 861 
 
 Capauchin, 
 
 393 
 
 Plumbi acetas, . 
 
 696 
 
 Pine tar 
 
 694 
 
 capsicum, . . 
 
 334 
 
 carbonas, . 
 
 696 
 
 white, fl. extract, 
 
 475 
 
 chalybeate, 
 
 3S5 
 
 iodidum, . . . 
 
 697 
 
 Pinit 
 
 735 
 
 corn, 
 
 iofio 
 
 nitras, .... 
 
 697 
 
 Pink root elix., comp 
 
 .359 
 
 court . . . 
 
 3S7 
 
 oxidum, 
 
 69S 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 472 
 
 croton oil, . . 
 
 393 
 
 Plumbum, . . . 
 
 695 
 
 and Senna, fl. ext. 
 
 484 
 
 dentists', . . 
 
 210 
 
 Plummer's pills,. 
 
 J 59 
 
 saucers, 
 
 876 
 
 diachylon, . 
 
 389 
 
 Podophyllin, . . 723 
 
 , 733 
 
 Pinus Australis, . 
 
 662 
 
 elemi, 
 
 393 
 
 Podophyllum, abstract, 4S 
 
 Canadensis ext., . 
 
 1074 
 
 euphorbium, . 
 
 393 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 345 
 
 Canadensis, fl. ext. 
 
 .476 
 
 galbanum, . 
 
 386 
 
 elixir compound, . 
 
 345 
 
 pumilia, 
 
 663 
 
 ginger, . . . 
 
 393 
 
 extract, .... 
 
 449 
 
 strobus, fl. extract, 
 
 475 
 
 hemlock pitch, 
 
 388 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 464 
 
 sylvestris, . . . 
 
 650 
 
 iodide of lead, 
 
 390 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 932 
 
 Piper, methvsticum, 
 
 
 iron, 
 
 385 
 
 Poenia officinalis, fl. 
 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 462 
 
 isinglass, 
 
 3S7 
 
 extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 nigrum, fluid ext., 
 
 462 
 
 issue, 
 
 393 
 
 Poison bug, . 
 
 1 1 70 
 
 rip-menthol. . . . 
 
 649 
 
 lead, 
 
 3S9 
 
 oak or ivy, fluid 
 
 
 Pipsissewa, fl. extract 
 
 ,471 
 
 lead compound, 
 
 39° 
 
 extract, . . 462 
 
 ,467 
 
 syrup 
 
 824 
 
 litharge, 
 
 389 
 
 oak tincture, . . 
 
 947 
 
 Piscidia, fl. extract. 
 
 469 
 
 mercurial, . 
 
 3S6 
 
 rat, 
 
 "71 
 
 Pistacia terebinthus, 
 
 663 
 
 mustard, . . 
 
 393 
 
 rat paste, . 
 
 1171 
 
 lentiscus, . . . 
 
 726 
 
 mustard, spread, 
 
 393 
 
 Poke root fl. ext. ,469, 4S 
 
 Pitch 
 
 694 
 
 opium, . 
 
 337 
 
 root, fl. ext., comp. 
 
 ,484 
 
 black 
 
 694 
 
 of Paris, 
 
 210 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 828 
 
 burgundy, . . . 
 
 694 
 
 pitch, 
 
 3S8 
 
 tincture. 
 
 94S 
 
 Canada, 
 
 694 
 
 pitch, with cantha 
 
 r- 
 
 Polemonium reptans, 
 
 
 cerate 
 
 225 
 
 ides, . 
 
 389 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 4") 
 
 hemlock, 
 
 694 
 
 poor man's, , 
 
 393 
 
 Polish for brass or 
 
 
 mineral. 
 
 724 
 
 quinine, 
 
 393 
 
 metal, . . . 
 
 11S2 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 resin, 
 
 390 
 
 glass, .... 
 
 11S1 
 
 plaster 
 
 388 
 
 simple, . 
 
 394 
 
 furniture, . 
 
 11S1 
 
 plaster with canth., 
 
 389 
 
 soap, . . . 
 
 391 
 
 harness, 
 
 
 white pine, . 
 
 694 
 
 soap, brown, . 
 
 391 
 
 laundry, 
 
 1182 
 
 Pitcher plant, fl. ext. 
 
 47'' 
 
 sticking, 
 
 393 
 
 silver, .... 
 
 1181 
 
 Pix 
 
 694 
 
 strengthening, 
 
 385 
 
 stove, .... 
 
 1 [82 
 
 burgundica, 
 
 694 
 
 universal, . 
 
 385 
 
 tin 
 
 II -J 
 
 < Canadensis, . . 
 
 694 
 
 verdigris, . . 
 
 394 
 
 Polisher's putty. 
 
 774 
 
 liquida 
 
 694 
 
 warming, . . 
 
 389 
 
 Polishing liquid, 
 
 [1 82 
 
 Plantain, common, 
 
 
 wax. 
 
 394 
 
 powder silver, 
 
 1 181 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 white lead, 
 
 
 preparations, . . 
 
 11S0 
 
 Plantation bitters, . 
 
 1038 
 
 zinc lead, . 
 
 394 
 
 putty, .... 
 
 [ 1 82 
 
 Plantigo, major, fluid 
 
 
 Plasters, . . . 
 
 382 
 
 Polj i' 'i in liniment, . 
 
 [I94 
 
 extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 ext rail, 
 
 
 Polygala amara, fluid 
 
 
 Plant food, . 
 
 1172 
 
 Plate liquor, . . 
 
 590 
 
 extract., . 475 
 
 476 
 
 Plants 
 
 21 
 
 Plating solution, go 
 
 .1, 590 
 
 bitter, il. extract, 
 
 4 7" 
 
 Plaster, aconite, 
 
 392 
 
 nickel, 
 
 
 Polygonatum gigan- 
 
 
 adhesive, . 
 
 390 
 
 silver, . . 
 
 59° 
 
 tenm, il. ext . 
 
 469 
 
 ammoniac, . . 
 
 382 
 
 solutions, . 
 
 590 
 
 Polygonum, fluid 
 
 
 amnion, with nut,, 
 
 
 Platinic chloride, 
 
 
 extrat t , . . 405 
 
 487 
 
 arnica 
 
 383 
 
 Platini chloridum, 
 
 
 Polymnia uvadelia, 
 
 
 asafetida, . 
 
 383 
 
 Platinous oxide, , 
 
 
 fluid extract, 465 
 
 467 
 
1202 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Polypodium or poly- 
 
 
 Potassii hypophosphis 
 
 . 7°° 
 
 Potassium sulphide, 
 
 712 
 
 pody, tl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 iodidum, 
 
 707 
 
 sulphite, 
 
 709 
 
 Polytrichum. fl. ext., 
 
 476 
 
 nitras 
 
 708 
 
 sulphite, neutral, 
 
 7cg 
 
 Pomade, barber's, . 
 
 1 144 
 
 permanganas,. 
 
 708 
 
 sulphocarbolate, 
 
 7S2 
 
 d'or, .... 
 
 992 
 
 et sodii tartras, 706 
 
 747 
 
 sulphocarbonate, 
 
 712 
 
 hair grower, . 
 
 "43 
 
 sulphas, 
 
 709 
 
 sulphocyanate, 
 
 712 
 
 Hongroise, 
 
 1145 
 
 sulphis, .... 
 
 709 
 
 tartrate, 
 
 710 
 
 pour le toucher, . 
 
 994 
 
 tartras 
 
 710 
 
 tartrate, neutral, 
 
 710 
 
 pultz 
 
 1182 
 
 tartras acida, . . 
 
 703 
 
 Potencies, 
 
 953 
 
 Pomades, flower, 
 
 645 
 
 Potassio-ferric tart., 
 
 504 
 
 Potentiation, . . 
 
 953 
 
 flower 
 
 76 
 
 Potassium, 
 
 699 
 
 Potentilla, tormen 
 
 
 No. 24 and 30, 
 
 76 
 
 acetate, .... 
 
 701 
 
 tilla. fl. extract 
 
 469 
 
 Pomades, .... 
 
 "44 
 
 acetate solution, . 
 
 560 
 
 Canadensis, fl. ext., 469 
 
 stick, .... 
 
 "45 
 
 acid tartrate, . 
 
 703 
 
 Poultry powder, . 
 
 1058 
 
 Pomegranate decoc'n 
 
 270 
 
 antimoniate, . 
 
 710 
 
 Powder of acacia 
 
 
 fluid extract. . 
 
 474 
 
 antimoniate acid, . 
 
 7" 
 
 compound, . 
 
 717 
 
 Pond lily, white, fl. 
 
 
 arseniate, . 
 
 711 
 
 algaroth, . . 
 
 159 
 
 extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 arseniate solution, 
 
 565 
 
 almond, compound, 714 
 
 yellow, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 arsenite solution, 
 
 550 
 
 aloes and canella, 
 
 720 
 
 Toor man's bitters, . 
 
 1042 
 
 bicarbonate, 
 
 701 
 
 aloes, compound 
 
 720 
 
 man's plaster. . . 
 
 393 
 
 bichromate, 
 
 702 
 
 aloes and iron, 
 
 720 
 
 Pop, lemon, . 
 
 423 
 
 binoxalate, 
 
 712 
 
 antimonial, ■ . 
 
 7M 
 
 sarsaparilla, 
 
 424 
 
 bisulphate, 
 
 711 
 
 aromatic, . 
 
 714 
 
 Poplar buds ointment 
 
 .992 
 
 bisulphite, . . . 
 
 711 
 
 bandoline, . 
 
 "31 
 
 white, fl. extract, 
 
 479 
 
 bitartrate, . 
 
 703 
 
 baking, . 
 
 1167 
 
 Poppy extract, . 
 
 449 
 
 borate, .... 
 
 7" 
 
 bitters, . . . 
 
 1043 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 borotartrate, . . 
 
 711 
 
 calomel and jalap 
 
 720 
 
 oil, 
 
 639 
 
 bromide, 
 
 703 
 
 catechu, compound, 715 
 
 red, fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 bromide syrup, 
 
 333 
 
 chalk, aromatic, 
 
 715 
 
 syrup, red. 
 
 813 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 704 
 
 chalk, compound 
 
 715 
 
 Populin 
 
 733 
 
 chromate, . 
 
 711 
 
 chalk and opium 
 
 Populus albus, fl. ext 
 
 ,469 
 
 chromate, red, 
 
 702 
 
 aromatic. 
 
 7i5 
 
 candicans, fluid 
 
 
 chlorate, . . . 
 
 704 
 
 cinnamon, comp. 
 
 7M 
 
 extract, . . 462 
 
 487 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 
 7" 
 
 composition, . 
 
 720 
 
 Porpoise oil, . 
 
 642 
 
 citrate, . , . . 
 
 705 
 
 cubebs and alum 
 
 720 
 
 Port wine, 
 
 997 
 
 citrate solution, 565 
 
 ,57i 
 
 curry, 
 
 "94 
 
 Pot pouri sachet, 
 
 1 160 
 
 cyanate, 
 
 711 
 
 depilatory, . . 
 
 1141 
 
 pouri for rose jars, 
 
 1 160 
 
 cyanide, 
 
 705 
 
 diapente, . . 
 
 721 
 
 Potash, ... 97 
 
 700 
 
 cyanide elixir, 
 
 321 
 
 Dover's, 
 
 717 
 
 caustic 
 
 700 
 
 ferricyanide, . 
 
 7" 
 
 effervescing, . 
 
 713 
 
 sol'n, effervescing, 
 
 565 
 
 ferrocyanide, . 
 
 706 
 
 elaterin, compound, 716 
 
 water, .... 
 
 565 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 700 
 
 fumigating, 
 
 721 
 
 yellow prussiate, . 
 
 706 
 
 hypophosphite, . 
 
 707 
 
 glycyrrhiza, comp 
 
 ., 7i6 
 
 Potassa, .... 
 
 700 
 
 iodate, .... 
 
 7" 
 
 Gregory's, . . 
 
 718 
 
 alkali, .... 
 
 97 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 707 
 
 heave, . . . 
 
 1057 
 
 alum, .... 
 
 137 
 
 elixir, 
 
 337 
 
 hog cholera, 
 
 1057 
 
 caustic 
 
 700 
 
 iodide liniment with 
 
 
 insect or fly, . 
 
 721 
 
 cum calce, . 
 
 700 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 545 
 
 ipecacuanha, comp., 717 
 
 with lime, . 
 
 700 
 
 iodohydrargyrate , 
 
 712 
 
 ipecac and opium 
 
 717 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 741 
 
 nitrate 
 
 708 
 
 of jalap, comp., 
 
 717 
 
 solution, . . . 
 
 564 
 
 nitrite, .... 
 
 712 
 
 James', . 
 
 714 
 
 sulphurata, . . 
 
 701 
 
 oleate 
 
 657 
 
 kino, compound, 
 
 717 
 
 Potassii, acetas, . 
 
 701 
 
 oleate solution, 
 
 657 
 
 laxative, 
 
 716 
 
 bicarbonas, 
 
 701 
 
 oxalate, 
 
 712 
 
 liquorice, compou 
 
 id, 716 
 
 bichromas, . 
 
 702 
 
 perchlorate. 
 
 712 
 
 magnesia and rhub.,719 
 
 bitartras, . . . 
 
 703 
 
 permanganate, 
 
 708 
 
 manicure, . 
 
 1 1 50 
 
 bromidum, . 
 
 703 
 
 permanganate, sol. 
 
 566 
 
 morphine, comp.. 
 
 718 
 
 carbonas, . 
 
 704 
 
 quadroxalate, . 
 
 712 
 
 opium, compounc 
 
 , 718 
 
 chloras, .... 
 
 704 
 
 salicylate, . 
 
 712 
 
 pearl, . . . 
 
 196 
 
 citras 
 
 705 
 
 silicate 
 
 712 
 
 pepsin, compound, 670 
 
 cyanidum, '. . . 
 
 705 
 
 and sodium tartrate 
 
 » 706 
 
 poultry, 
 
 1058 
 
 ferrocyanidum, 
 
 706 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 709 
 
 rhubarb, comp., 
 
 718 
 
1263 
 
 Powder of rhubarb 
 
 and magnesia, . 719 
 salicylic acid and 
 
 talc 719 
 
 scammony, comp., 719 
 tragacanth, comp., 719 
 Tally's, ... 718 
 
 worm 721 
 
 worm, for horses, 
 
 etc 105S 
 
 Powdered extracts, . 441 
 
 iron 498 
 
 Powders, . . . . 713 
 complexion, . .1135 
 compound, . . 872 
 condition, . . . 1055 
 eclectic, . . . 731 
 effervesc, aperient, 715 
 face and toilet, . 1135 
 fineness of, . . 31 
 
 hair 1146 
 
 ink 1176 
 
 sachet n 59 
 
 seidlitz, . . . 715 
 soda, .... 714 
 
 tooth 1138 
 
 Precipitate, red, . 529 
 
 white 524 
 
 Precipitates, washing, 44 
 Preparations, adhe- 
 sive, . . .1163 
 toilet, . . . .1131 
 hair, . . .1149 
 Prepared corks, . . 1193 
 flavoring, . .227 
 
 lard 75 
 
 ox-gall 497 
 
 wine 1006 
 
 irative cider, . 1183 
 
 fruit juice, . . . 1183 
 
 Preservatives, . . 1 183 
 
 "83 
 
 Preserving organic 
 
 substances, . .1184 
 solution, Wickers- 
 
 heims, . . . 1 184 
 
 miens, . . 1 184 
 
 Pressure process, . 457 
 
 'rest. »u's salts, . . 1 160 
 
 'reventive mosquito, 
 
 etc., . . . .1171 
 rickly-ash bark, fl, 
 
 extract, . . . 460 
 berries, fl, ext., 402 
 southern, ll ext., 473 
 leof India, fl, ext., 461 
 Primrose, evening, fl, 
 
 474, 487 
 
 Prinos, ilui«l extract, 476 
 
 Pun' >■ Rupert's metal, 264 
 
 I is for fluid exts., 455 
 
 pressure, . 457 
 
 Process for repercola- 
 
 tion 456 
 
 U. S. 1S70, . 455 
 U. S. 18S0, . 455 
 water-bath perco- 
 lation. . . . 45S 
 Processes, working, 24 
 Products, chemical, 19, 23 
 pharmaceutical, . 23 
 Propane, . . . . 213 
 Prophylactic fluid, 
 
 Darby's, . . . 587 
 
 Propenyl 516 
 
 alcohol, . . . 516 
 
 tristearate, . . . 516 
 
 Proprietary medicine, 1022 
 
 Propyl, ... 85, 713 
 
 alcohol, .... 85 
 
 Propylamine, 132, 713 
 
 chloride elixir, . 359 
 
 elixir, .... 359 
 
 hydrochlorate, . 133 
 
 salicylate elixir, . 367 
 
 Propylbenzene, . . 190 
 
 Propylenyl, . . . 134 
 
 Propylic alcohol, . 713 
 
 Protein compounds, 84 
 
 Protiodide of mercury, 527 
 
 tin, .... . 773 
 
 Protoxide of iron elixir, 3 5 9 
 
 iron solution, . . 578 
 
 iron syrup, . . S47 
 
 Prune, essence or ext.. 433 
 
 Trunin, .... 733 
 
 Prune syrup, . . 850, 861 
 
 Prunus Virginius, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 478 
 Prussian blue, . . 512 
 Prussiate of potash, 706 j 
 l'russic acid, . 61, 267 
 Pseud-aconine, . . 101 
 Pseud-aconitine, . IOI 
 Ptelein, . . . 732, 733 
 Ptelea trifoliata, 
 
 fluid ext., 469, 4S7 
 Pterocarpus marsup'm,727 
 
 Ptyalin 604 
 
 I'ullna water solution, 870 
 Pulmonaria, fl. ext., 476 
 Pulmonary syrup, . 82S 
 Pulsatilla, 11. extract, 469 
 tincture, . . . 947 
 Pultz pomade, . . 11S2 
 71 2 
 
 ellerves, elites, . 714 
 
 Pulvis aerophorus, . 713 
 Anglicus, . . 714 
 laxans, . . 716 
 
 aloes et eailell.e, . 72(1 
 
 amygdalae comp's, 714 
 antimonialis, . . 714 
 
 aromaticus, . . 714 
 
 Pulvis catechu com- 
 
 positus 715 
 
 cinnamomi comp's, 714 
 creta; aromaticus 
 
 cum opio, . . 715 
 creta? compositus, 715 
 effervescens comp's, 715 
 elaterini comp's, . 716 
 glycyrrhiza? comp's, 716 
 gummosus, . . 717 
 ipecacuanha? comp's, 7 1 7 
 ipecacuanha? etopii, 717 
 ipecacuanha? opi's, 717 
 jalapa? compositus, 7 1 7 
 kino compositus, . 717 
 liquirita? compositus, 716 
 morphime comp's, 71S 
 opii compositus, . 718 
 rhei compositus, . 71S 
 salicylicus cum talco 7 19 
 scammonii comp's, 719 
 tragacantha?, com- 
 positus, . . . 719 
 Pumpkin seed, fl. ext., 477 
 seed oil, . . . 642 
 Pungent smell'g salts, 1 160 
 Punicine, .... 123 
 Purgative suppos's, 790 
 Purifier, blood, . . 1044 
 Purified sulphide of 
 
 antimony, . . 158 
 ox-gall, ... 497 
 Purifying beeswax, 1193 
 Purple ink, . . 1 173 
 
 Putt\-, polishers', . 774 
 polishing, . . . 1182 
 Pyenanthemum, 11. 
 
 extract, . . . 469 
 Pyrethrum, fl. ext., 462 
 parthenum, fl. ext., 476 
 roseum, . . . 721 
 tincture, . . . 932 
 Pyridina, . . 124 
 Pyridine, . . .124, 133 
 Pyrmont, water solu- 
 tion 870 
 
 Pyroacetic spirit, 77a 
 
 Pyroboric acid, . . 19S 
 llicacid, . 57, 873 
 Prola rotundifolia, fl. 
 
 extract, . . 470 
 
 Pyrophosphate oi iron, 569 
 
 iron elixir, . . . 360 
 
 iron solution, . . 578 
 
 in >n syrup, - 17 
 
 sodium, . . . 754 
 
 Pyropbosphoric add, 67 \ 
 
 Pyroxylic spirit, . 772 
 I lin, . . . 721 
 linura, 721 
 Pyrus Mains, fluid ex- 
 tract 47'") 
 
1264 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Q 
 
 
 iron, pepsin and 
 
 
 Red cherry ess. or ext. ,434 
 
 
 
 strychnine elixir, 
 
 355 
 
 chrome, 
 
 698 
 
 Quadroxalate of potas- 
 
 iron phosp. syrup, 
 
 847 
 
 cloverheads, fl. ext., 476 
 
 sium, . . . 
 
 712 
 
 iron and strychnine 
 
 
 cochineal, . 
 
 246 
 
 Qualitative test solu., 
 
 579 
 
 phosphate syrup 
 
 847 
 
 cudbear, . . 
 
 247 
 
 Quantitative test solu. 
 
 584 
 
 morphine brom.syr 
 
 ,832 
 
 currant ess. or ext., 434 
 
 Quassia extract, . . 
 
 449 
 
 morph. and strych- 
 
 
 elixir, 
 
 367 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 472 
 
 nine brom. syr., 
 
 832 
 
 fruit, cochineal, 
 
 247 
 
 infusion, 
 
 533 
 
 muriate, 
 
 126 
 
 gum, tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 tincture, 
 
 932 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 iodide of mercury 
 
 , 527 
 
 Quebracho fl. ext., . 
 
 465 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 657 
 
 lead, . . . 
 
 699 
 
 tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 pepsin elixir, . 
 
 354 
 
 madder, . . 
 
 875 
 
 Queen of the Meadow 
 
 
 pepsin and strych- 
 
 
 mercuric oxide, 
 
 529 
 
 fl. extract, . . 
 
 474 
 
 nine elixir, . 
 
 354 
 
 oil 
 
 655 
 
 Queensroot, fl. ext.. 
 
 472 
 
 phosphate elixir, . 
 
 364 
 
 oxide of mercury 
 
 529 
 
 syrup compound, . 
 
 829 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 846 
 
 phosphorus, . 
 
 674 
 
 Quercit, .... 
 
 735 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
 393 
 
 poppy syrup, . 
 
 3i3 
 
 Quercitrose, . 
 
 735 
 
 strychnine glycerite 
 
 . 5 22 
 
 precipitate, 
 
 529 
 
 Quercus alba, fluid 
 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 127 
 
 precipitate oint't 
 
 9S1 
 
 extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 sweet, .... 
 
 129 
 
 root, compound syr. ,827 
 
 Quevenne's iron by- 
 
 
 tincture, 
 
 933 
 
 root, fluid extract 
 
 478 
 
 hydrogen, . 
 
 499 
 
 tinct. ammoniated, 
 
 933 
 
 saunders, fl. ext. 
 
 462 
 
 Quicksilver, . 
 
 523 
 
 valerianate, 
 
 129 
 
 or scarlet, . 
 
 252 
 
 Quieting syrup, . . 
 
 1114 
 
 valerianate elixir, 
 
 375 
 
 sulphide of mercury, 531 
 
 Quillaia fl. ext., . . 
 
 469 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 1004 
 
 Turkey, 
 
 875 
 
 Quillaya, sea foam, 
 
 1 144 
 
 Quinoidin, . . . 
 
 in 
 
 Venetian, . 
 
 512 
 
 tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 Quinolina, 
 
 129 
 
 wine, . . . 
 
 1005 
 
 Quince, bandoline, 
 
 1131 
 
 Quinoline, 
 
 129 
 
 wine artificial, 
 
 1186 
 
 Bengal, fl. ext., . 
 
 489 
 
 
 
 wines, . 
 
 1185 
 
 essence or ext., 
 
 433 
 
 
 
 Reduced iron, . 498, 499 
 
 mucilage, . 
 
 631 
 
 R 
 
 
 iron lozenges, 
 
 962 
 
 syrup, . . 850 
 
 862 
 
 
 
 Regulator, heart, 
 
 1085 
 
 Quinine tooth powd. , 
 
 1139 
 
 Rackasira balsam, . 
 
 182 
 
 Regulus, . 
 
 155 
 
 Quinia 
 
 125 
 
 Rademacher's tinct. 
 
 
 Relief, ready, 1033 
 
 , 1094 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 127 
 
 acetate of copper 
 
 .94S 
 
 Remedy, ague, . 
 
 1024 
 
 Qumicine, 
 
 in 
 
 tinct. acetate of iron, 907 
 
 cough, . 
 
 1061 
 
 Quinidia, .... 
 
 I2 5 
 
 Ragweed, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 digestive, dyspep 
 
 , 1072 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 125 
 
 Rape seed oil, 
 
 639 
 
 dyspepsia, . . 
 
 107 1 
 
 Quinidina, 
 
 125 
 
 Raspberry ess. or ext 
 
 -433 
 
 kidney and liver, 
 
 1089 
 
 Quinidince sulphas, . 
 
 125 
 
 juice 
 
 777 
 
 Remedies, cough, 
 
 1061 
 
 Quinidine, 
 
 125 
 
 leaves, fl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 catarrh, , . 
 
 1047 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 125 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 862 
 
 diarrhoea, . 
 
 1068 
 
 Quinina, .... 
 
 125 
 
 syrup, . . .815 
 
 862 
 
 dysentery, . 
 
 1068 
 
 Quininse bisulphas, . 
 
 126 
 
 syrup, black, . 
 
 850 
 
 female, . . . 
 
 1076 
 
 hydrobromas. . 
 
 126 
 
 syrup, red, 
 
 850 
 
 rheumatic, . 
 
 1 108 
 
 hydrochloras, . 
 
 126 
 
 Rat paste, 
 
 1171 
 
 standard, . 
 
 1022 
 
 sulphas, . . . 
 
 127 
 
 poison 
 
 1171 
 
 toothache, . . 
 
 1120 
 
 valerianas, . . . 
 
 129 
 
 Ratsbane, .... 
 
 177 
 
 Renewer, hair, . 
 
 1081 
 
 Quinine, .... 
 
 125 
 
 Rattlesnake oil, . 
 
 641 
 
 Rennet, liquid, . 
 
 1127 
 
 bisulphate, . 
 
 126 
 
 Ready balm, . 
 
 1033 
 
 Renovator, tonic, sys 
 
 ,1040 
 
 bisulphate elixir, . 
 
 364 
 
 oil liniment, . . 
 
 1097 
 
 Repercolation process, 456 
 
 bromide, 
 
 126 
 
 relief, . . 1033, 
 
 1094 
 
 Resin 662, 722 
 
 bromide syrup, . 
 
 831 
 
 Reagent, Meyer's, . 
 
 582 
 
 cerate, . 
 
 221 
 
 bush, fl. extract, . 
 
 469 
 
 Meyer's, for alka- 
 
 
 cerate, compound 
 
 222 
 
 elixir 
 
 363 
 
 loids, .... 
 
 582 
 
 of copaiba, 
 
 723 
 
 flower, fl. extract, 
 
 476 
 
 Nessler's, . 
 
 533 
 
 demar, . 
 
 723 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 521 
 
 Realgar, . . .177 
 
 179 
 
 of jalap, 
 
 725 
 
 hospital, . . . 
 
 129 
 
 Recipes for coloring, 
 
 877 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 723 
 
 hydrobromate, 
 
 126 
 
 Rectal suppositories, 
 
 784 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 987 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 126 
 
 Rectified spirit, 
 
 87 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 390 
 
 iron citrate, 
 
 502 
 
 Red bark. fl. extract. 
 
 477 
 
 of podophyllum, 
 
 723 
 
 iron and pep. elixir 
 
 354 
 
 carmine, . . 
 
 246 
 
 scammony, 
 
 724 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1265 
 
 Resina 722 | Rhubarb soda mixture, 626 
 
 soothing syrup, . 11 14 
 
 syrup, . . . . 812 
 
 syrup, aromatic, . 813 
 
 syrup, spiced, . 813 
 
 tincture, . . . 934 
 
 aqueous, . . 934 
 
 aromatic, . . 935 
 
 compound, . . 951 
 
 spiced, . . . 935 
 
 sweet, . . . 935 
 
 vinous, . . . 936 
 
 wine of, ... 1005 
 
 Rhus aromatica, fl. 
 
 extract, . . 469, 4S7 
 glabra, fl. extract, 472 
 toxicodendron, fl. 
 
 extract, . . 462, 487 
 toxicodendron tinct. ,947 
 
 copaibje, 
 
 723 
 
 damar, .... 
 
 723 
 
 draconis, . . . 
 
 72s 
 
 elastica, 
 
 725 
 
 jalapoe 
 
 723 
 
 podophylli, . . 
 
 723 
 
 scammonn, 
 
 724 
 
 Resinte 
 
 722 
 
 Resinoids, . . . 
 
 731 
 
 general formula for 
 
 73i 
 
 Resinous substances, 
 
 722 
 
 Resins, .... 
 
 722 
 
 Resolvent sarsap'a, . 
 
 1112 
 
 Resorcin 
 
 728 
 
 Restoratives, hair, . 
 
 1081 
 
 Restorative wine bit- 
 
 
 ters, .... 
 
 1014 
 
 women's health, . 
 
 1077 
 
 Rex magnus specific, 
 
 1117 
 
 Rhamnus catharticus, 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 frangula, fl. ext., 
 
 477 
 
 prushiana, fluid 
 
 
 extract, 473, 476 
 
 490 
 
 Rhatany extract, 
 
 44« 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 472 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 S38 
 
 syrup 
 
 806 
 
 tincture, 
 
 919 
 
 troches, 
 
 03 
 
 Rhein 
 
 733 
 
 Rheum, fluid ext., . 
 
 476 
 
 Rheumatic bitters, . 
 
 1 109 
 
 elixir 
 
 1 109 
 
 liniment, 
 
 1098 
 
 remedies, . 
 
 1 108 
 
 tea 
 
 mo 
 
 Rhigolene, . . 
 
 671 
 
 Rhodium oil, .653 
 
 , 6*1 
 
 Rhododendron maxi- 
 
 
 mum, fl. extract, 
 
 469 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 Rhoeadine, . . . 
 
 666 
 
 Rho as, fl. extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 Rhubarb, aromatic, 
 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 4S4 
 
 COlumbo elixir, 
 
 36«5 
 
 and iron elixir, . 
 
 3<>5 
 
 dandelion, fl. ext., 
 
 482 
 
 elixir 
 
 3 r >5 
 
 extract 
 
 450 
 
 extract compound, 
 
 450 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 467 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 S38 
 
 and jalap, fl. ext., 
 
 483 
 
 magnesia elixir, . 
 
 366 
 
 potassium elixir, . 
 
 366 
 
 potassium Byrup, . 
 
 829 
 
 powder, compound 
 
 718 
 
 senna fluid ext., . 
 
 484 
 
 senna tincture, 
 
 
 Rhusin 
 
 Ribbon inks, . . 
 
 Rice 
 
 Richards' chalk mixt 
 Rich weed, fl. ext., . 
 Ricinus communis, . 
 
 leaves, fl. ext., . 
 
 seeds, fl. ext., 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 Riga balsam, . 
 Robina, fl. extract, . 
 Roborans elixir, . 
 Roccella tinctoria, . 
 Rochelle salt: 
 Rock candy, 
 syrup, 
 
 oil, . . 
 
 rose, fl. extract 
 
 and rye, 
 
 rye and tolu 
 Root beer, 
 
 beer extract, 
 
 beer syrup, 
 Knots, . . . 
 Rosa Uamascena 
 Rosaniline, . 
 Roseine, . 
 Rose, bandoline, 
 
 bloom of, . 
 
 cerate, . 
 
 confection, 
 
 essence 
 
 extract, triple, 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 geranium, essence 
 
 hair lotion, . . 
 
 honey 
 
 injection, . 
 jars, pot pOUli, . 
 oil or otto. . . . 
 red syrup, . . . 
 sachet 
 
 733 
 [177 
 153 
 62S 
 473 
 639 
 476 
 462 
 948 
 182 
 469 
 902 
 . 876 
 706, 747 
 
 • 734 
 . 848 
 
 • 655 
 
 • 475 
 . 1 190 
 . 1 190 
 
 • 427 
 
 • 427 
 427,851 
 
 syrup, 
 
 650 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 1131 
 
 "33 
 
 225 
 
 257 
 
 414, 1152 
 
 1 152 
 
 472 
 
 1152 
 
 • "43 
 
 . 618 
 
 . I I (Ml 
 
 . 86a 
 
 .11, 
 
 Rose tincture, 
 
 toilet powder, 
 
 tooth powder, 
 
 wash, 
 
 water, . 
 
 water ointment 
 Roses, milk of, 
 
 cream, . 
 
 infusion, acid, 
 Rosemary, essence, 
 .... 415, 
 
 marsh, fl. ext., 
 
 oil 
 
 ointment, comp., 
 
 spirit, ... 
 
 tincture, 
 Rosin weed, fl. ext., 
 Rottlera, fl. ext., 
 
 tincture, 
 Rouge, . . .51 
 246, 
 
 948 
 1136 
 
 "39 
 1087 
 170 
 97i 
 "49 
 1132 
 53S 
 
 1152 
 476 
 650 
 987 
 77i 
 64S 
 462 
 462 
 94S 
 
 2,876 
 
 liquid, . 240, 1 1 33 
 
 pure 876 
 
 vinegar, . . .1133 
 
 Rubber, cement, . 1 164 
 
 hard 725 
 
 India, .... 725 
 stamp ink, . . .1176 
 tire cement, . .1164 
 vulcanized, . . 725 
 
 Rubia, fl. extract, . 47<> 
 tinctorum, . . -75 
 
 Rubus, strigosus, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 476 
 syrup, . . . S14, 823 
 villosus, fl. extract, 467 
 
 Ruby sulphur, . . 177 
 
 Rudbeckia, fl. ext., 476 
 
 Rue, fluid extract, . 471. 
 oil 650 
 
 Rum, 
 
 artificial, . . . Il88 
 bay, . . . 770. ii.|( 
 essence Jamaica, . 1189 
 Jamaica", . . . Il88 
 
 New England, . 1188 
 
 Santa Cruz, . u -- 
 
 St. Croix, . . [188 
 
 Rumex, fl. extract, , 47a 
 fl. ext., comp., 
 
 sj rup, compound, 829 
 
 Rumirj 733 
 
 Rush, scouring, fl. 
 
 extract. . . . 40S 
 Russian chol'a drops, [054 
 
 Rut. 1 graveolens, 
 graveolens, fl. ext 
 
 Rye and rOCk, 
 
 rOCk and tolu, 
 
 smut or spurred 
 
 fluid extra* t, 
 whisky, . 
 whislq 
 
 476 
 tigo 
 
 477 
 
 1 ! -■> 
 I I9Q 
 
1266 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 s 
 
 
 Sal tartar, 
 
 • 704 
 
 Salts tartar, . . . 
 
 704 
 
 
 
 volatile, 
 
 • 145 
 
 Salve, camp, cream, 
 
 1047 
 
 Sabadilla, fluid ext. 
 
 462 
 
 Salep mucilage, 
 
 • 632 
 
 carbolic, . 970, 
 
 1 103 
 
 Sabbatia annularis 
 
 
 Salicin, . . 
 
 • 736 
 
 corn, . . 1059, 
 
 1060 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 elixir, 
 
 • 367 
 
 catarrh, 
 
 1048 
 
 Elliottii, fl. extract, 476 
 
 Salicinum, 
 
 • 736 
 
 lip, . . . 225, 
 
 1 1 50 
 
 Sabina, fluid extract 
 
 , 460 
 
 Salicyl, 
 
 • 736 
 
 manicure, . 
 
 1150 
 
 Sabal serrulata, fl. ej 
 
 .t. 469 
 
 hydride, 
 
 • 736 
 
 sticking, . . . 
 
 393 
 
 Sacchara, . . 
 
 733 
 
 Salicylates, 
 
 • 737 
 
 Salves, eye, . . , 
 
 1075 
 
 Saccharate of lead, 
 
 699 
 
 Salicylate of ammo- 
 
 and ointments, 
 
 1 102 
 
 Saccharated carbon 
 
 
 nium, 
 
 . 150 
 
 Salvia, fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 ate of iron, . 
 
 500 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 . 197 
 
 Sambucus, fl. extract 
 
 , 476 
 
 ferrous iodide, 
 
 505 
 
 eserine, 
 
 . 123 
 
 Sandarach, 
 
 726 
 
 iodide of iron, 
 
 505 
 
 lithium, 
 
 • 595 
 
 Sanguinaria, fl. ext., 
 
 460 
 
 pancreatin, 
 
 668 
 
 methyl, 
 
 620, 648 
 
 fl. extract, acetic. 
 
 488 
 
 pepsin, . 
 
 669 
 
 physostigmine 
 
 . 123 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 823 
 
 sol. of lime, . 55 
 
 2, 798 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 . 712 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 937 
 
 spermaceti, 
 
 227 
 
 sodium, 
 
 • 754 
 
 vinegar, . . . 
 
 54 
 
 Saccharates, . 
 
 735 
 
 sodium elixir, 
 
 . 667 
 
 Sanguinarin, . 
 
 733 
 
 Saccharine, . 
 
 735 
 
 sodium solution, . 591 
 
 Sanguinarina, 
 
 130 
 
 substances, 
 
 735 
 
 zinc, 
 
 . 1021 
 
 Sanguinarine, 
 
 130 
 
 Saccharoids, . . 
 
 733 
 
 Salicylic acid, 
 
 57. 736 
 
 nitrate 
 
 130 
 
 Saccharose, . 
 
 735 
 
 acid elixir, . 
 
 • 368 
 
 sulphate, .' . 
 
 130 
 
 Saccharum, . . 
 
 734 
 
 acid ointment, 
 
 • 97o 
 
 Sanguis draconis, 
 
 725 
 
 lactis, . . . 
 
 542 
 
 acid and talc powd., 719 
 
 Santa Cruz rum, 
 
 118S 
 
 Sachet ess. bouquet 
 
 , "59 
 
 aldehyd, 
 
 . 96 
 
 Crux rum artificial 
 
 1188 
 
 frangipanni, . 
 
 1159 
 
 mouth water, 
 
 . 1 140 
 
 St. Croix rum, . 
 
 1188 
 
 general, base for 
 
 "59 
 
 tooth ache cure, . 11 21 
 
 Santal ext. for perf., 
 
 "53 
 
 heliotrope, . 
 
 "59 
 
 Salicylica, rheumatic 
 
 essence, 
 
 "53 
 
 jockey club, 
 
 "59 
 
 remedy, . 
 
 . 1 108 
 
 oil, 
 
 650 
 
 pot pouri, . 
 
 1 1 60 
 
 Salicylol, . 
 
 • 737 
 
 white or yellow, fl. 
 
 
 powders, 
 
 "59 
 
 Salicylous, acid, 
 
 • 737 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 462 
 
 rose, .... 
 
 "59 
 
 Saligenin. . 
 
 • 736 
 
 Santalum citrinum, 
 
 
 violet, . 
 
 "59 
 
 Saline fruit, . 
 
 . 1116 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 462 
 
 ylang ylang, . 
 
 "59 
 
 Salix, . . . 
 
 • 736 
 
 rubrum, fl. extract 
 
 462 
 
 Satflower, fl. extract 
 
 473 
 
 alba, fl. ext.. 
 
 • 469 
 
 Santonica, 
 
 737 
 
 Saffron, American 
 
 
 nigra, fl. ext., 
 
 • 469 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 462 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 473 
 
 Salol, . . . 
 
 • 737 
 
 Santonin, . . . . 
 
 737 
 
 foreign, . . . 
 
 904 
 
 rheumatic remedy, 1109 
 
 elixir, . . . . 
 
 36S 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 653 
 
 Salt, . . . 
 
 • 75o 
 
 lozenges, . . . 
 
 965 
 
 syrup, . . . 
 
 824 
 
 celery, . 
 
 • "94 
 
 Santoninate of sod'm 
 
 . 753 
 
 tincture, 
 
 904 
 
 Epsom, . 
 
 . 601 
 
 Santoninum, . 
 
 737 
 
 true, fluid extract 
 
 474 
 
 fruit, . . 
 
 . 1116 
 
 Sapoes, . . . . 
 
 733 
 
 Safrene 
 
 650 
 
 Glauber's, . 
 
 • 755 
 
 Sapo 
 
 740 
 
 Safrol, .... 
 
 650 
 
 grape, . . 
 
 . 1116 
 
 animalis, 
 
 741 
 
 Sagapenum, . 
 
 730 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 ■ 236 
 
 duris, .... 
 
 740 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 Schlippe's, 
 
 . 160 
 
 jalapinus, . . . 
 
 741 
 
 Sage, essence, 
 
 415 
 
 spirit, . . 
 
 . 236 
 
 kalinus 
 
 74i 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 water soap, 
 
 • 742 
 
 kalinus venalis, . 
 
 742 
 
 mountain fl. ext., 
 
 468 
 
 Saltpetre, . 
 
 . 70S 
 
 medicatus, . 
 
 742 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 Chili, . . 
 
 . 752 
 
 mollis, . 
 
 74i 
 
 Sago, ... • 
 
 153 
 
 Salt rheum ointment, 1 105 
 
 oleaceous, . . . 
 
 740 
 
 Saint Germain tea, 
 
 753 
 
 Salts, Carlsbad arti- 
 
 viridis, . . . . 
 
 742 
 
 Jacob's oil, 
 
 1098 
 
 ficial, 
 
 . 1 1 16 
 
 Saponaceous tooth 
 
 
 Johnsvvort, fl. ext 
 
 ■,- 475 
 
 Crab Orchard, 
 
 . 1116 
 
 paste, 
 
 "33 
 
 Salad oil, . . . 
 
 639 
 
 definition of, 
 
 • 55 
 
 tooth powder, . . 
 
 "39 
 
 oil, Union, 
 
 638 
 
 lemon, . 
 
 . 712 
 
 tooth wash, 
 
 1 1 36 
 
 Salaeratus, 
 
 702 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 . 1115 
 
 Saponaria, fl. extract 
 
 469 
 
 Sal ammoniac, . 
 
 146 
 
 Preston's, . 
 
 . 1 160 
 
 tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 muscatel, . . 
 
 1116 
 
 Rochelle, . 
 
 . 706 
 
 Sapone, .... 
 
 789 
 
 nitre, 
 
 708 
 
 smelling, . 
 
 146, 1160 
 
 Sarothamnus scopa- 
 
 
 prunelle, 
 
 708 
 
 sorrel, . 
 
 . . 712 
 
 rious, fl. extract, 
 
 489 
 
1267 
 
 Sarracenia purpurea, 
 
 
 Scilla, elixir, comp., 
 
 369 
 
 Senna and pink root, 
 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 Scotch whisky, . 
 
 1 190 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 484 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Ameri- 
 
 
 Scrofularia nodosa, 
 
 
 and rhubarb, fl. ex. 
 
 ,484 
 
 can, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 fl. extract, . . 
 
 476 
 
 syrup 
 
 819 
 
 coloring, 
 
 245 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 992 
 
 tincture, 
 
 939 
 
 compound, fl. ext., 
 
 4S4 
 
 Scrofulous syrup, 
 
 829 
 
 tincture comp., 
 
 939 
 
 decoction, . . 
 
 269 
 
 Scudder's alterative, 
 
 950 
 
 Series, aromatic, 
 
 190 
 
 elixir, 
 
 368 
 
 Scullcap, compound, 
 
 
 benzene, 
 
 190 
 
 ext., concent'd, 
 
 mi 
 
 fl. extract, . . 
 
 4S5 
 
 Serpenteria, fl. ext., 
 
 464 
 
 with iodide of 
 
 
 fluid ext., . . 47S 
 
 , 4S7 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 potassium, 
 
 mo 
 
 Scurvy grass, confec. 
 
 256 
 
 tincture, 
 
 939 
 
 compounds, 
 
 I1IO 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 Serpentary, infusion, 
 
 538 
 
 and dandelion, fl. 
 
 
 spirit, 
 
 766 
 
 Sessamum, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 extract, . 
 
 484 
 
 Scutellarin, 
 
 733 
 
 Indicum, 
 
 639 
 
 essence, . .415 
 
 ,816 
 
 Scutellaria, fluid ex- 
 
 
 oil 
 
 639 
 
 extract liquid, 
 
 478 
 
 tract, . . 478 
 
 487 
 
 Seven barks, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 extract soluble, 
 
 424 
 
 Sea breeze, perfume, 
 
 1 1 55 
 
 Sewing machine oil, 
 
 641 
 
 flavoring, . .415 
 
 ,816 
 
 foam 
 
 1 144 
 
 Shake, egg, phosphate 
 
 , 866 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 47S 
 
 Sealing wax, . 
 
 216 
 
 milk, .... 
 
 865 
 
 Indian, fl. ext., . 
 
 475 
 
 varnish, 
 
 "93 
 
 milk punch, 
 
 865 
 
 pop, 
 
 424 
 
 Seal oil, .... 
 
 642 
 
 Shakes, cobbler, 
 
 865 
 
 resolvent, . 
 
 1112 
 
 Seawrack, fl. ext., . 
 
 474 
 
 cocktail, 
 
 866 
 
 stillingia and red 
 
 
 Sebacic ether, . . 
 
 7S 
 
 fruit juice, . 
 
 865 
 
 clover extract, . 
 
 mi 
 
 Sedatives, 
 
 1098 
 
 Shaker's roots, ext., 
 
 1074 
 
 syrup, . . 803 
 
 , 862 
 
 Sedative cough rem. , 
 
 1066 
 
 Shampoo, barber's, . 
 
 1144 
 
 syrup, comp.. . . 
 
 815 
 
 Seed lac 
 
 725 
 
 Clifford's, . . 
 
 "44 
 
 syr. , soda wat'r,42. 
 
 , 862 
 
 Seeds, 
 
 22 
 
 dry 
 
 "44 
 
 Sassa bark, fl. ext., 
 
 465 
 
 oils from, . 
 
 642 
 
 liquid, . . 704, 
 
 "44 
 
 Sassafras, essence, . 
 
 415 
 
 Seeley's disinfecting 
 
 
 Shark oil, . 
 
 642 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 4D5 
 
 solution, 
 
 587 
 
 Shaving cream for 
 
 
 oil 
 
 650 
 
 Seidlitz measures, . 
 
 716 
 
 metal tubes, 
 
 "34 
 
 pith, mucilage, 
 
 632 
 
 mixture, 
 
 716 
 
 cream 
 
 "34 
 
 Saturated tinctures, 
 
 913 
 
 powders, 
 
 715 
 
 Shepherd's purse, fl. 
 
 
 Satureja, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 Selenic acid, . 
 
 745 
 
 extract, . 
 
 461 
 
 Sauce pepper, . . 
 
 1 194 
 
 Selenium 
 
 745 
 
 Shellac 
 
 72S 
 
 Worcestershire, . 
 
 1 1 94 
 
 Selenous acid, 
 
 745 
 
 varnish, 
 
 1 [92 
 
 Saucers, pink, 
 
 876 
 
 Seltzer, aperi'nt, 603 
 
 III5 
 
 Sherbet essence, . 
 
 418 
 
 Saunders' face powd. 
 
 "35 
 
 water, solution, . 
 
 870 
 
 extract 
 
 4l8 
 
 red, fl. extract, 
 
 462 
 
 Senecin 
 
 733 
 
 Persian, 
 
 863 
 
 Savin ointment, . 
 
 987 
 
 Senecio, fl. ext., 47'', 487 
 
 syrup 
 
 
 oil, 
 
 650 
 
 Senega, abstract. 
 
 48 
 
 Sherry wine, . 
 
 IOOs 
 
 Savine cerate, 
 
 222 
 
 or Seneka, fl. ext., 
 
 4"7 
 
 Shoe blacking, . 
 
 
 extract 
 
 450 
 
 fluid ext., aqueous, 
 
 491 
 
 dressing, . . . 
 
 I I 79 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 460 
 
 infusion, 
 
 
 dressing bronze, . 
 
 "79 
 
 tincture. 
 
 937 
 
 and ipecac, fl. ext., 
 
 483 
 
 dressings, . 
 
 "78 
 
 Savonia cream, . 
 
 1134 
 
 syrup 
 
 818 
 
 Show bottle colors, . 
 
 250 
 
 Saxifrage, small, 11. 
 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 939 
 
 Signal oil, 
 
 671 
 
 ext 
 
 402 
 
 Senegal gum, . . 
 
 726 
 
 Silica 
 
 
 Scammonium, 
 
 729 
 
 Seiuka oil, 
 
 654 
 
 Silicate of potassium, 
 
 712 
 
 Scammony, . 
 
 729 
 
 syrup 
 
 818 
 
 sodium 
 
 757 
 
 confection, 
 
 258 
 
 Senna, confection, . 
 
 
 Silicates 
 
 
 mixture, . . 
 
 626 
 
 elixir 
 
 
 silicic add, 
 
 
 powder comp., 
 
 719 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 
 Silicon 
 
 74S 
 
 P'MH 
 
 7-1 
 
 fluid extra t. . 
 
 479 
 
 Silkweed, fl. extract, 
 
 i< 1 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 948 
 
 fl. ext., alcoholized 
 
 480 
 
 Silphium, fl. extra* t. 
 
 
 virgin 
 
 729 
 
 fl, e 
 
 492 
 
 Silver 
 
 
 Schiedam schnapps, 
 
 1191 
 
 fl. ext., comp., . 
 
 
 te 
 
 
 Schlippe'a salt. . 
 
 100 
 
 fl, ext., punned, . 
 
 
 bromide, 
 
 176 
 
 Schnapps, schiedam, 
 Scilla, ft. ext., . . 
 
 1 [91 
 
 and dandelion, fl, 
 
 
 c all.., 11. ite. . . . 
 
 
 I' 1 ' 
 
 ■ . . 
 
 
 chloride, 
 
 
 fl. ext., acetic, 
 
 48S 
 
 infusion, . . . 
 
 
 eliminate, . 
 
 ■7" 
 
 tract, comp., 
 
 
 and jalap, fl 
 
 
 cyanide, 
 
 
1 268 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Silver, German, . 
 
 264 
 
 Soap, arsenical, . 
 
 743 
 
 Soda tartarata, . 
 
 747 
 
 ink 
 
 "77 
 
 black 
 
 743 
 
 tartarated, . . . 
 
 747 
 
 iodide, . . . 
 
 173 
 
 camphorated, . 
 
 743 
 
 water, ice cream, . 
 
 864 
 
 leaf, .... 
 
 172 
 
 carbolic, 
 
 743 
 
 water, spoon, . 
 
 865 
 
 nickel, . 
 
 264 
 
 castile, mottled, . 
 
 740 
 
 water syrup, . 
 
 848 
 
 nitrate, . 
 
 173 
 
 cerate 
 
 222 
 
 Sodii, acetas, 
 
 748 
 
 diluted, . . 
 
 174 
 
 chlorinated, . . 
 
 743 
 
 arsenias, . .178 
 
 ,747 
 
 fused, . . 
 
 174 
 
 coconut oil, . . 
 
 742 
 
 ash 
 
 749 
 
 moulded, 
 
 174 
 
 cod liver oil, . . 
 
 743 
 
 benzoas, 
 
 747 
 
 toughened, . 
 
 175 
 
 corrosive sublimate 
 
 , 744 
 
 bicarbonas, . . 
 
 748 
 
 oleate, . 
 
 65Q 
 
 croton oil, . 
 
 743 
 
 bisulphis, . . . 
 
 748 
 
 oxalate, 
 
 17b 
 
 erasive 
 
 1 169 
 
 boras. . . . 199,748 
 
 oxide, 
 
 175 
 
 glycerin, 
 
 743 
 
 bromidum, 
 
 749 
 
 phosphate, . . 
 
 176 
 
 green, .... 
 
 742 
 
 carbonas, . 
 
 749 
 
 plating solution, 
 
 590 
 
 green tincture, 
 
 938 
 
 carbonas exsiccatus 
 
 750 
 
 polishes, . . 
 
 11S1 
 
 iodine 
 
 744 
 
 chloras 
 
 750 
 
 polishing powder 
 
 1181 
 
 jalap, .... 
 
 741 
 
 chloridum, . 
 
 750 
 
 potassium nitrate, 
 
 174 
 
 juniper tar, 
 
 744 
 
 citro-tartras effer- 
 
 
 refined, . 
 
 172 
 
 laundry, 
 
 742 
 
 vescens, . 
 
 751 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 176 
 
 liniment, 
 
 545 
 
 hypophosphis, 
 
 75i 
 
 sulphide, 
 
 176 
 
 marine, 
 
 742 
 
 hyposulphis, . 
 
 752 
 
 Silvering and gilding 
 
 
 medicinal, . 
 
 742 
 
 iodidum, 
 
 752 
 
 pills, . . . 
 
 682 
 
 mercurial, . . . 
 
 744 
 
 nitras, .... 
 
 752 
 
 solution, . . 
 
 591 
 
 soft, Naples', . . 
 
 743 
 
 phosphas, . . . 
 
 753 
 
 solution or polish 
 
 1181 
 
 oil 
 
 5i6 
 
 et potassii tartras, 
 
 747 
 
 Simaba cedron, fl.e> 
 
 t.,469 
 
 palm, .... 
 
 742 
 
 pyrophosphas, . . 
 
 754 
 
 Simaruba, fl. extract 
 
 , 476 
 
 plaster, .... 
 
 391 
 
 salicylas, 
 
 754 
 
 Simple elixir, 
 
 2S0 
 
 plaster, brown, . 
 
 39i 
 
 santoninas, 
 
 755 
 
 cerate, . 
 
 218 
 
 potassa, 
 
 74i 
 
 sulphas, 
 
 755 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 
 red precipitate, 
 
 744 
 
 sulphis, .... 
 
 755 
 
 plaster, . . . 
 
 394 
 
 salt water, . 
 
 742 
 
 sulphocarbolas, . 
 
 756 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 791 
 
 soft, .... 
 
 741 
 
 valerianas, 
 
 756 
 
 Sinapis alba, . . 
 
 640 
 
 soft, fig, . . . 
 
 743 
 
 Sodique phenol, . . 
 
 587 
 
 nigra, . . . 
 
 640 
 
 soft, gen. formula, 
 
 740 
 
 Sodium, .... 
 
 746 
 
 Skunk cabbage, flui 
 
 I 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 771 
 
 acetate, .... 
 
 747 
 
 extract, 468, 46 
 
 9, 4S7 
 
 sulphur, 
 
 744 
 
 aluminiate, 
 
 757 
 
 cabbage tincture, 
 
 947 
 
 tallow, .... 
 
 741 
 
 arseniate, .178 
 
 747 
 
 oil 
 
 641 
 
 transparent, 
 
 744 
 
 arseniate solution, 
 
 567 
 
 Skin ointment, . 
 
 1105 
 
 turpentine, 
 
 744 
 
 benzoate, . 
 
 747 
 
 Skoke or poke root 
 
 
 whale oil, . 
 
 743 
 
 biborate, . . . 
 
 748 
 
 fluid extract, 46 
 
 9. 4S7 
 
 white castile, . 
 
 740 
 
 bicarbonate, . . 
 
 748 
 
 Slating blackboard 
 
 1178 
 
 white precipitate, 
 
 744 
 
 bisulphite, . 
 
 748 
 
 Slippery elm, fl. ext 
 
 ., 476 
 
 yellow 
 
 742 
 
 borate, . . . 199 
 
 748 
 
 Smartweed. fl. ext., 
 
 465 
 
 Soaps, 
 
 738 
 
 bromide. 
 
 749 
 
 compound, 
 
 1095 
 
 hard, .... 
 
 738 
 
 bromide syrup, 
 
 833 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 hard, gen. formula 
 
 739 
 
 carbolate, . . . 
 
 757 
 
 Smelling salts, . 
 
 146 
 
 soft, .... 
 
 738 
 
 carbonate, . . , 
 
 749 
 
 salts or pungents 
 
 1 160 
 
 toilet, .... 
 
 1161 
 
 carbonate, dried, 
 
 75o 
 
 Smilacin, . 
 
 733 
 
 Soaptree bark, fluid 
 
 
 chlorate, 
 
 75o 
 
 Smilax sarsaparilla 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 chloride, 
 
 750 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 Soapwort, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 citrate, .... 
 
 757 
 
 Snakehead, fl. ext. 
 
 473 
 
 Soda 
 
 746 
 
 citro-tartrate, effer- 
 
 
 Snakeroot, button 
 
 
 alkali 
 
 97 
 
 vescing, . 
 
 751 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 475 
 
 ash, 
 
 97 
 
 ethylate, 
 
 757 
 
 Canada, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 baking, 
 
 748 
 
 ethylate, solution, 
 
 567 
 
 corn, fluid extract 
 
 . 469 
 
 caustica. 
 
 746 
 
 hydrate, 
 
 746 
 
 Virginia, fl. extra 
 
 :t, 464 
 
 chlorinated solution 
 
 ,566 
 
 hypophosphite, 
 
 751 
 
 white, fl. extract 
 
 474 
 
 foam, .... 
 
 849 
 
 elixir, 
 
 336 
 
 Snakeweed, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 mint, .... 
 
 1128 
 
 syrup. . . . 
 
 836 
 
 Snuff catarrh, 
 
 1048 
 
 powders, 
 
 714 
 
 hyposulphite, . 
 
 752 
 
 Soap, alum-sulphur 
 
 744 
 
 solution, 
 
 566 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 752 
 
 antimonial, 
 
 743 
 
 syrups, hot, 
 
 S66 
 
 lactate, .... 
 
 757 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Sodium nitrate, 752 
 
 757 
 
 Solution, bismuth, . 
 
 551 
 
 Solution, hypophos. 
 
 
 oleate, .... 
 
 657 
 
 bromo-chloralum, 
 
 586 
 
 of iron, . 
 
 572 
 
 oleate solution, 
 
 657 
 
 caramel, 
 
 245 
 
 hypophos. of man'e.572 
 
 phosphate, . . 
 
 753 
 
 carbolic acid, . . 
 
 569 
 
 iodide of arsenic 
 
 
 pyrophosphate, . 
 
 754 
 
 carb. of magnesium 
 
 ,560 
 
 and mercury, . 
 
 55o 
 
 salicylate, . 
 
 754 
 
 Carlsbad water, . 
 
 86S 
 
 iodine, colorless, . 
 
 521 
 
 salicylate solution, 
 
 591 
 
 carmine, 
 
 246 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 559 
 
 salicylate, elixir, . 
 
 307 
 
 chlor. of antimony, 
 
 549 
 
 Churchill's, . 
 
 559 
 
 santoninate, . 
 
 755 
 
 arsenic, . 
 
 547 
 
 Lugol's caustic, 
 
 538 
 
 silicate, 
 
 757 
 
 calcium, . 
 
 551 
 
 Lugol's rube- 
 
 
 silicate, solution, 
 
 567 
 
 iron, 
 
 554 
 
 facient, . . 
 
 
 stannate, . 
 
 757 
 
 iron (tasteless), 
 
 570 
 
 Magendie's, 
 
 559 
 
 sulphate, . 
 
 755 
 
 tin 
 
 592 
 
 iodo-b romideof 
 
 
 sulphite, . . . 
 
 755 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 56S 
 
 calcium comp., 
 
 588 
 
 sulphite acid, . . 
 
 755 
 
 chlorides, 
 
 1129 
 
 iron oxychloride, . 
 
 557 
 
 sulphite, neutral, 
 
 755 
 
 chlorinated lime, . 
 
 552 
 
 iron pernitrate, . 
 
 556 
 
 sulphocarbolate, 756, 7S2 
 
 chlorinated soda, 
 
 566 
 
 Javille's, . . . 
 
 5S8 
 
 tartrate, 
 
 757 
 
 chlorine, . . 235 
 
 552 
 
 Kissengen water, 
 
 869 
 
 tungstate, . . . 
 
 967 
 
 chromic acid, . 
 
 547 
 
 lactopeptine, . . 
 
 563 
 
 valerianate, . . 
 
 756 
 
 citrate of ammon'm 
 
 ,549 
 
 lactophosphate of 
 
 
 Soft soap, 
 
 74i 
 
 ammon'm, strong, 549 
 
 calcium, 
 
 5 73 
 
 Solder, soft, . 
 
 191 
 
 bismuth and am- 
 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 573 
 
 Soldering solution, . 
 
 59i 
 
 monium, . 
 
 570 
 
 lime, . . 
 
 573 
 
 Solferino 
 
 154 
 
 iron 
 
 555 
 
 manganese, 
 
 574 
 
 Solid acids, table, . 
 
 57 
 
 iron and ammo- 
 
 
 lactophosphates, 
 
 
 extracts, 
 
 441 
 
 nium, . 
 
 570 
 
 compound, 
 
 5 74 
 
 Solidago, fl. ext., 
 
 47o 
 
 iron and quinine, 
 
 555 
 
 lime, . . . 
 
 55' 
 
 Solidified glycerin, . 
 
 1147 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 5 6l 
 
 lime, saccharated, 
 
 
 Solomon's seal, fluid 
 
 
 potassium, . 565 
 
 57i 
 
 .... 
 
 798 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 citric acid, . 
 
 572 
 
 lithia, effervescing, 
 
 560 
 
 Soluble cit. of iron, . 
 
 502 
 
 citro-chloride of 
 
 
 litmus 
 
 2 ;i 
 
 elixir, flavoring, . 
 
 277 
 
 iron and sodium, 
 
 570 
 
 '!'-. • • 5 : '> 
 
 
 extract of ginger, 
 
 421 
 
 Condy's, 
 
 586 
 
 magnesium, cit . . 
 
 869 
 
 lemon, . 
 
 422 
 
 Congress water, . 
 
 868 
 
 M a t te n heimer's 
 
 
 mead, 
 
 423 
 
 Coutaret's white, . 
 
 537 
 
 disinfecting, . 
 
 587 
 
 orange, . 
 
 424 
 
 Darby's prophylac- 
 
 
 mercuric, nitrate. 
 
 
 sarsaparilla, 
 
 4^4 
 
 tic, . . '. . 
 
 5S7 
 
 Monsel's, . . . 
 
 557 
 
 toiu 
 
 42 4 
 
 I (eWessely's disin'g,587 
 
 Monsel's disinfect- 
 
 
 wintergreen, 
 
 425 
 
 dialysed iron. . 272 
 
 554 
 
 ing 
 
 
 extracts, general 
 
 
 dis'ft, Le 1 loyen's 
 
 587 
 
 morphine, sulph . 
 
 
 formula for, . 
 
 421 
 
 disinfect., < iirondin 
 
 • ; -7 
 
 muriate of opium, 
 
 
 flavoring extracts, 
 
 421 
 
 Dobell's, . . . 
 
 
 muriate of tin. 
 
 592 
 
 Solution 
 
 44 
 
 Donovan's, 
 
 
 nitrate of iron, 
 
 556 
 
 acetate of alumi- 
 
 
 ethylate of sodium, 
 
 
 men ury, 
 
 
 nium, . . . 
 
 547 
 
 Farwell's disin'g, 
 
 
 mercury, acid, - 
 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 548 
 
 Fehling's, . 
 
 
 opium, compound, 
 
 
 strong, . . 
 
 
 ferric acetate, . 
 
 553 
 
 depurated, 
 
 
 morphii 
 
 561 
 
 chloride, . 
 
 554 
 
 . Squibb's, 
 
 
 iron 
 
 553 
 
 citrate, . 
 
 555 
 
 sedat., 
 
 589 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 
 nitrate, . 
 
 556 
 
 oxychloride "i iron, 
 
 557 
 
 albuminate <>l iron 
 
 
 sulphate, basic, 
 
 557 
 
 pepsin 
 
 
 ammonia, . 143 
 
 547 
 
 sulphate, normal 
 
 553 
 
 perchloride ol iron, 
 
 555 
 
 strong, . in 
 
 547 
 
 r's, , . 550 
 
 56S 
 
 strong, . . . 
 
 555 
 
 Apollinaris water, 
 
 868 
 
 1 iedrichshall wat 
 
 mercury, 
 
 
 arseniateol 
 
 
 gilding 
 
 1 1-1 
 
 permanganate <<( 
 
 
 sium, . . . 
 
 
 gutta percha, . 
 
 
 .Mil, 
 
 566 
 
 mate of sodium 
 
 ,567 
 
 hydra stis, • 
 
 ii.', 
 
 pernitrate "i iron, 
 
 
 arsenious acid, 
 
 547 
 
 hydro, of morphine 
 
 
 peroxide "I hydro., 
 
 
 arsenite <>f p 
 
 
 hydro, of strychn'e, 
 
 
 persulphate ol iron, 
 
 557 
 
 atropine, sulphate, 
 
 551 
 
 hypophos., comp., 
 
 
 phosphate "t cal., 
 
 574 
 
 bimeconateol mor- 
 
 
 hypophosph ites 
 
 
 iron 
 
 575 
 
 phine, 
 
 562 
 
 comp.,l fhurchill's 
 
 
 lime 
 
 574 
 
1270 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Solution phosphate 
 
 
 Sourwood, fl. ext., . 
 
 475 
 
 Spirit finings, . . 
 
 II9T 
 
 of manganese, . 
 
 576 
 
 Sozodont, .... 
 
 "37 
 
 fioravanti, . 
 
 772 
 
 phosphates, comp. 
 
 577 
 
 Spa water, solution, 
 
 870 
 
 formic acid, 
 
 766 
 
 phosphates, comp. 
 
 
 Sparkman's cholera 
 
 
 gaultheria, . 
 
 767 
 
 concentrated, 
 
 576 
 
 mixture, . 62S, 
 
 1055 
 
 honey, compound, 
 
 772 
 
 phosphorus, comp., 
 
 590 
 
 Spanishfliegenpflaster 
 
 ,385 
 
 horseradish, comp. 
 
 764 
 
 phosphorus, Thomp- 
 
 needles, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 juniper, . . . 
 
 767 
 
 son's, . 
 
 589 
 
 Spavin cure, . 
 
 109S 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 768 
 
 potash, effervesc, 
 
 565 
 
 Spearmint ess., 415 
 
 769 
 
 lavender, . 
 
 76S 
 
 potassa, 
 
 564 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 475 
 
 compound, . 
 
 919 
 
 potassium arseniate 
 
 565 
 
 oil 
 
 649 
 
 lemon, . 
 
 76S 
 
 potassium oleate. 
 
 657 
 
 spirit, .... 
 
 769 
 
 mastic, compound, 
 
 772 
 
 preserving pickles, 
 
 59i 
 
 water, .... 
 
 169 
 
 methylated. 
 
 86 
 
 preserving vege- 
 
 
 Species 
 
 75S 
 
 mindereras, 
 
 548 
 
 tables, . . . 
 
 591 
 
 aromaticre, 
 
 758 
 
 mustard, . . . 
 
 771 
 
 protoxide of iron, 
 
 578 
 
 emollientes, . . 
 
 758 
 
 myrcia, .... 
 
 770 
 
 Pullna water, . 
 
 870 
 
 laxantes, . . . 
 
 758 
 
 neutral 
 
 88 
 
 Pyrmont water, . 
 
 870 
 
 lignorum, . . . 
 
 758 
 
 nitre, sweet, . . 
 
 760 
 
 pyrophosphate iron 
 
 578 
 
 pectorales. 
 
 759 
 
 nitrous ether, . . 
 
 760 
 
 salicylate of sodium 
 
 591 
 
 Specific. Australian 
 
 
 nutmeg, 
 
 770 
 
 sedative, Battley's, 
 
 589 
 
 cholera, . 
 
 1054 
 
 orange, .... 
 
 764 
 
 Seeley's disinfect'g 
 
 587 
 
 Nesbit's, . . . 
 
 629 
 
 orange, compound, 
 
 276 
 
 Seltzer water, . 
 
 870 
 
 Rex Magnus, . 
 
 1117 
 
 peppermint, 
 
 769 
 
 silicate of sodium, 
 
 567 
 
 S. S 
 
 1117 
 
 perfumed, ... 
 
 77o 
 
 silvering, . . . 
 
 591 
 
 tinctures, . 
 
 913 
 
 proof 
 
 9i 
 
 soda, .... 
 
 566 
 
 Specifics 
 
 1117 
 
 pure 
 
 88 
 
 sodium oleate, 
 
 657 
 
 Sperm oil, . . . 
 
 641 
 
 pyroacetic, . 
 
 772 
 
 soldering, . 
 
 591 
 
 Spermaceti, . . . 
 
 226 
 
 pyroxylic, . . . 
 
 772 
 
 Spa water . 
 
 870 
 
 cerate 
 
 220 
 
 rectified. 
 
 87 
 
 strychnine, Hall's, 
 
 591 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 975 
 
 rosemary, . 
 
 771 
 
 subsulphate of iron 
 
 557 
 
 saccharated, . 
 
 227 
 
 salt, 
 
 236 
 
 subacetate of lead, 
 
 563 
 
 Spiced syrup of rhu- 
 
 
 scurvy grass, . 
 
 766 
 
 diluted, . . . 
 
 504 
 
 barb, 
 
 813 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 771 
 
 sulphate of atropine 
 
 ,55i 
 
 tinct. of rhubarb, 
 
 935 
 
 spearmint, . 
 
 769 
 
 sulphate of morph., 
 
 562 
 
 Spicewood, fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 varnish, 
 
 1192 
 
 sulphate of strych., 
 
 579 
 
 Spigelia, fl. extract, 
 
 472 
 
 vulnerary, 
 
 772 
 
 sulphurated lime, . 
 
 592 
 
 Spike, lavender oil, . 
 
 653 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 83 
 
 tar or pitch, alkaline 
 
 .59 2 
 
 oil, 
 
 654 
 
 wine, rectified, . 
 
 88 
 
 tartar tmetic, . 
 
 592 
 
 Spikenard, fl. ext., . 
 
 473 
 
 wood 
 
 772 
 
 tersulphate of iron, 
 
 558 
 
 fluid ext., comp., 
 
 485 
 
 Spiritous liquors, 
 
 1 148 
 
 tin, . . . .592 
 
 > 773 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 S26 
 
 oils 
 
 645 
 
 Vichy water, . 
 
 871 
 
 Spiney, Burweed, fl. 
 
 
 Spirits, .... 
 
 759 
 
 Solutions 
 
 546 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 or spiritous liquors, 
 
 1187 
 
 battery, 
 
 586 
 
 Spiraea, ulmaria, 
 
 736 
 
 tin 
 
 773 
 
 disinfecting, . 
 
 586 
 
 tomentosa, fl. ext. 
 
 476 
 
 Spiritus, . . . 8S 
 
 759 
 
 essential oils. . 
 
 409 
 
 Spirit of ammonia, 
 
 761 
 
 setheris, .... 
 
 759 
 
 homoeopathic, 
 
 955 
 
 anisated, . 549, 763 
 
 aetheris compositus 
 
 760 
 
 plating, . . . 
 
 590 
 
 aromatic, 
 
 762 
 
 a'theris nitrosi, 
 
 760 
 
 preserving fruit, . 
 
 590 
 
 fetid, . . . 
 
 763 
 
 ammoniae, . 
 
 761 
 
 qualitative, test, . 
 
 5S4 
 
 angelica, comp. , . 
 
 763 
 
 aromaticus. . 
 
 762 
 
 test, . . . 579 to 58 
 
 anise, .... 
 
 764 
 
 compositus, . . 
 
 764 
 
 volumetric, test, . 
 
 584 
 
 ants 
 
 766 
 
 foetidus, . 
 
 763 
 
 Sorbit, 
 
 735 
 
 balm, compound, 
 
 769 
 
 anisi, .... 
 
 764 
 
 Sorghum sugar, . 
 
 734 
 
 bone 
 
 211 
 
 angelicae comp's., 
 
 763 
 
 Soother, baby, . 
 
 III3 
 
 bryony, compound 
 
 , 772 
 
 aurantii, . . . 
 
 764 
 
 Soothing syrup, nu- 
 
 
 cajuput, . . . 
 
 764 
 
 aurantii compositus 
 
 , 276 
 
 tritive, 
 
 1114 
 
 camphor, . 
 
 765 
 
 camphone, 
 
 765 
 
 syrup, .... 
 
 1113 
 
 chloroform, . 80 
 
 765 
 
 cajuputi, 
 
 764 
 
 syrup, malt, 
 
 1115 
 
 cinnamon, . 
 
 766 
 
 chloroformi, 
 
 765 
 
 and teething syr. , . 
 
 1113 
 
 cologne, . . . 
 
 88 
 
 cinnamomi, 
 
 766 
 
 Soot oil, .... 
 
 263 
 
 ether, .... 
 
 759 
 
 cochleariK, 
 
 766 
 
 Sorrel, salts of, . 
 
 712 
 
 compound, . 
 
 760 
 
 dilutus, .... 
 
 92 
 

 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 1*271 
 
 Spiritus ferri chlorati 
 
 
 S. S. specific, 
 
 1 11 7 
 
 Stillingia fl. extract 
 
 
 aethereus, 
 
 goS 
 
 Staff tree, fl. ext., 
 
 473 
 
 compound, . 
 
 485 
 
 formicarum, 
 
 766 
 
 Stahltropfen, . 
 
 90S 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 frumenti, . 
 
 767 
 
 Stamp, mucilage, 
 
 . 1 166 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 S29 
 
 gaultheriae, 
 
 767 
 
 Stamping ink for rub- 
 
 tincture, 
 
 94S 
 
 juniperi, . 
 
 767 
 
 ber stamps, . 
 
 1 176 
 
 Stillingin 
 
 733 
 
 juniperi compositus 
 
 , 76S 
 
 ink indelible, . 
 
 1176 
 
 Stoke"s liniment, 
 
 1129 
 
 lavanduL-e, . 
 
 763 
 
 Standard remedies, 
 
 1022 
 
 Stomach bitters, 43S, 
 
 1037 
 
 laven';e composita, 
 
 QIC. 
 
 Stannate of sodium 
 
 757 
 
 bitters, extract, . 
 
 438 
 
 limonis, 
 
 768 
 
 Stannic acid, . 
 
 773 
 
 Stone crop, Virginia 
 
 
 meliss?e compositus, 769 
 
 chloride, 
 
 773 
 
 fluid extract, 469, 487 
 
 menthse piperita, 
 
 769 
 
 iodide, . . . 
 
 773 
 
 oil 
 
 655 
 
 menthce viridis, . 
 
 769 
 
 oxide, . 
 
 773 
 
 root, fl. ext., . 469 
 
 4S7 
 
 myrcice. 
 
 770 
 
 sulphide, 
 
 774 
 
 Storecin 
 
 1S2 
 
 myristicce, . 
 
 770 
 
 Stannous chloride, 
 
 773 
 
 St. mghton bitters ext. 
 
 ,43S 
 
 odoratus, . . . 
 
 770 
 
 oxide, . . . 
 
 773 
 
 Stoughton's elixir, . 
 
 381 
 
 rectificatus, . . 
 
 37 
 
 sulphide, 
 
 774 
 
 Stove polish, . 
 
 11S2 
 
 rosmarini, . 
 
 771 
 
 Stannum, . . 
 
 773 
 
 Stramonium extract, 
 
 450 
 
 saponis, 
 
 771 
 
 Staphesacre, ointm't 
 
 > 98S 
 
 fl. ext., green plant 
 
 .487 
 
 sinapis 
 
 771 
 
 Staphisagria, fl. ext 
 
 , 461 
 
 leaves, fl. ext., 467 
 
 4S7 
 
 tenuior, 
 
 91 
 
 tincture, 
 
 946 
 
 ointment, . . 98S 
 
 994 
 
 vini cognac, 
 
 771 
 
 Star anise, fl. ext., 
 
 469 
 
 seed oil, 
 
 642 
 
 vini gallaci, . . 
 
 771 
 
 blazing, fl. extract, 475 
 
 syrup 
 
 825 
 
 vini rectificatus, . 
 
 88 
 
 grass, fl. ext., 473, 4S7 
 
 Strassburg turpentine, 663 
 
 Spleen mixture, . 
 
 630 
 
 Starch, . . . 
 
 152 
 
 turpentine oil, 
 
 651 
 
 Sponge, platinum, . 
 
 695 
 
 glace, 
 
 I1S3 
 
 Strawberry ess. or ext. 
 
 .434 
 
 Sponges bleaching, 
 
 "93 
 
 gloss, . . . 
 
 1182 
 
 juice 
 
 777 
 
 Spoon soda, . . . 
 
 865 
 
 glycerite, . . 
 
 5i8 
 
 phosphate syrup, . 
 
 863 
 
 Spruce beer, . . . 
 
 427 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 153 
 
 syrup, . . . &50 
 
 863 
 
 beer, extract, . 
 
 427 
 
 iodide, soluble. 
 
 154 
 
 Strengthening plaster 
 
 . 3S5 
 
 beer, syrup, 427 
 
 85t 
 
 iodide syrup, . 
 
 839 
 
 Strontium, . . . 
 
 774 
 
 essence, 
 
 4i5 
 
 iodized, . 
 
 153 
 
 carbonate, . 
 
 774 
 
 gum 
 
 730 
 
 mucilage, . . 
 
 631 
 
 nitrate 
 
 774 
 
 syrup. . . . 
 
 730 
 
 paste, good, . 
 
 1167 
 
 oxide 
 
 774 
 
 tincture, . . . 
 
 730 
 
 syrup. ... 27 
 
 1, 515 
 
 sulphate, . . 
 
 774 
 
 oil 
 
 653 
 
 varieties of. 
 
 153 
 
 Stronger emulsion of 
 
 
 Spurge, large, flower- 
 
 
 Statice Carolina, fl.e> 
 
 C..470 
 
 cod liver oil, 
 
 398 
 
 ing, fl. ext., 
 
 461 
 
 Stavesacre, fl. extra< 
 
 t, 462 
 
 lime water. 
 
 397 
 
 spotted, fl. ex- 
 
 
 Steam atomizers, 
 
 996 
 
 Strophanthin, . . 
 
 [195 
 
 tract, . . 465 
 
 487 
 
 Stearic acid, . 
 
 1 
 
 Strychnia, . . . 
 
 130 
 
 pill bearing, fl. ext. 
 
 4*'' 5 
 
 Stearin, . . . 
 
 637 
 
 sulphate, 
 
 131 
 
 ipecacuanha, fl.ext. 
 
 ,465 
 
 Stearopten, . . 
 
 043 
 
 Strychnin. e, sulphas. 
 
 131 
 
 Spurred or smut rye, 
 
 
 Steel 
 
 498 
 
 Strychnine, . 
 
 130 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 477 
 
 Stencil ink indelible 
 
 1 17') 
 
 bromide, syrup, . 
 
 
 Square, carpenter's, 
 
 475 
 
 Stcphanotis extract. 
 
 [I 5 6 
 
 elixir 
 
 370 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 Sterculia accuminat. 
 
 1 
 
 hydrochlorate, so- 
 
 
 Squaw vine, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 fluid extract. 
 
 469 
 
 lution, . . . 
 
 568 
 
 fl. ext. compound, 4S4 
 
 Stereotype metal, 
 
 
 iron and quinine 
 
 
 Squibb's chol. mix., 
 
 1055 
 
 Stibium, . 
 
 155 
 
 bromide, syrup, 
 
 Bfc 
 
 diarrhoea mixt., . 
 
 
 Stilmite, . . . 
 
 155 
 
 liquor 
 
 
 solu. opium, comp. , 
 
 588 
 
 Sticking plaster, . 
 
 
 morphine bromide, 
 
 
 Squill, elixir, comp., 
 
 3^9 
 
 salve. 
 
 
 syrup. . . . 
 
 - - 
 
 extract 
 
 150 
 
 Stick cosmetic, var's 
 
 . >■ t ; 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 
 fluid extract, . . 
 
 46 > 
 
 cosmetic, b 
 
 «4« 
 
 oleate 
 
 
 fluid ext., acetic, 
 
 488 
 
 pomades or <>>-., 
 
 1X45 
 
 salts 
 
 1 \2 
 
 fluid exl , comp., 
 
 
 Ia<- 
 
 
 solution, Hall'-, . 
 
 59I 
 
 ointment, . . . 
 
 99a 
 
 Sticky fly paper, 
 
 '17') 
 
 sulphate, . . . 
 
 i |1 
 
 oxymel, 
 
 6ig 
 
 Stigmata maydis, il 
 
 
 solution, . . 
 
 - 
 
 syrup 
 
 817 
 
 ■ . . . 
 
 
 t in. t , Magendie's, 
 
 95] 
 
 syrup, compound, 
 
 817 
 
 Stillingia elixir, . 
 
 37" 
 
 valerianate, elixir. 
 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 938 
 
 elixir, compound, 
 
 
 Strychnos, Ignada, fl. 
 
 
 vinegar, 
 
 55 
 
 fluid extract, . .47 
 
 2, 487 
 
 extract, , , . 
 
 
12JT2 
 
 Styptic, colloid, 244 
 
 , 243 
 
 Sulphate of calcium, 210 
 
 Sulphite of sodium, 
 
 
 collodion, . 
 
 243 
 
 cerium, . 
 
 . 226 
 
 neutral, . 
 
 755 
 
 antiseptic, . 
 
 243 
 
 chromium, . 
 
 • 239 
 
 Sulphites 
 
 781 
 
 Styracin, .... 
 
 182 
 
 cinchonia, . 
 
 . 112 
 
 Sulpho-acids, . . 
 
 782 
 
 Styrax, .... 
 
 1S2 
 
 cinchonine, 
 
 . 112 
 
 Sulphocarbolate of 
 
 
 benzoin, 
 
 182 
 
 cinchonidine, 
 
 . in 
 
 sodium, . . . 
 
 756 
 
 oil, 
 
 654 
 
 codeine, 
 
 • "4 
 
 zinc, .... 
 
 1019 
 
 Styrol, .... 
 
 182 
 
 copper, . 
 
 • 265 
 
 Sulphocarbolates, 
 
 782 
 
 Subacetate of lead, 
 
 
 daturine, 
 
 IJ 5 
 
 Sulpho-carbolic acid, 
 
 782 
 
 cerate, 
 
 221 
 
 duboisine, . 
 
 . 116 
 
 Sulphocarbonate of 
 
 
 lead, glycerite, 
 
 519 
 
 hyoscyamine, 
 
 . 118 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 712 
 
 lead, glycerine 
 
 
 indigo, . . 
 
 ■ .877 
 
 Sulphocyanateof ally 
 
 -134 
 
 ointment, 
 
 978 
 
 iron, 
 
 • 509 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 150 
 
 lead, liniment, 
 
 545 
 
 and ammoni 
 
 urn, 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 712 
 
 Subcarbonate of iron 
 
 5" 
 
 
 503, 5iO 
 
 Sulphocyanide of allyl, 650 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 195 
 
 dried, 
 
 • 510 
 
 Sulphocyanides, . 
 
 782 
 
 Subchloride of bis., 
 
 196 
 
 exsiccated 
 
 . 510 
 
 Sulphocyanogen, 
 
 782 
 
 mercury, 
 
 525 
 
 granulated, 
 
 . 5'o 
 
 Sulphovinates, . 
 
 782 
 
 ointment, 
 
 982 
 
 precipitated 
 
 . 510 
 
 Sulphovinic acid, 
 
 782 
 
 Sublimate, corrosive, 
 
 526 
 
 lead, . . 
 
 • 699 
 
 Sulphur, .... 
 
 778 
 
 Subnitrate of bis., . 
 
 196 
 
 lithium, . 
 
 • 596 
 
 acids, .... 
 
 781 
 
 Suboxide of copper, 
 
 266 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 . 601 
 
 amorphous. 
 
 780 
 
 Subsulphate of mer- 
 
 
 magnesium, dr 
 
 ed, 603 
 
 balsam 
 
 186 
 
 cury, yellow, 
 
 530 
 
 manganese, 
 
 . 614 
 
 black, .... 
 
 780 
 
 Succi 
 
 775 
 
 mercury, 
 
 • 529 
 
 brown, .... 
 
 780 
 
 Succinate of ammo- 
 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 . 121 
 
 bromide, 
 
 781 
 
 nium, 
 
 150 
 
 nickel, . 
 
 • 634 
 
 chloride, 
 
 781 
 
 Succinates, 
 
 724 
 
 potassium, 
 
 • 709 
 
 confection, . 
 
 259 
 
 Succinic acid, 
 
 724 
 
 quinine, 
 
 • 127 
 
 crude 
 
 780 
 
 Succinum, 
 
 724 
 
 quinidine, . 
 
 • 125 
 
 etherate, 
 
 82 
 
 Succus, alterans, 
 
 1027 
 
 sanguinarine, . 
 
 • 130 
 
 fuscum, 
 
 780 
 
 belladonna;. 
 
 775 
 
 silver, . 
 
 . 176 
 
 hepar, .... 
 
 78i 
 
 conii, .... 
 
 775 
 
 sodium, . 
 
 • 755 
 
 iodide, .... 
 
 780 
 
 hyoscyami, 
 
 775 
 
 strontium, . 
 
 • 774 
 
 lac 
 
 779 
 
 juniperi inispissatus 
 
 ,775 
 
 strychnine, . 
 
 • 131 
 
 liver of, 
 
 701 
 
 liquiritia;, . 
 
 776 
 
 strychnine solu 
 
 ti'n, 579 
 
 lotion, .... 
 
 "93 
 
 depuratus, . 
 
 776 
 
 zinc, 
 
 . 1019 
 
 lotum, .... 
 
 778 
 
 scoparii, 
 
 776 
 
 zinc ointment, 
 
 • 992 
 
 milk of, ... 
 
 779 
 
 taraxaci, 
 
 776 
 
 Sulphates, 
 
 . 781 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 988 
 
 Sugar, 
 
 734 
 
 Sulphethylates, . 
 
 . 782 
 
 ointment, alkaline, 
 
 989 
 
 barley, .... 
 
 735 
 
 Sulphide of allyl, 
 
 • 134 
 
 precipitated, . 
 
 779 
 
 beet, .... 
 
 735 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 • 149 
 
 p'rrecipitatum, 
 
 779 
 
 cane 
 
 735 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 • 158 
 
 red 
 
 780 
 
 coating pills, . 
 
 680 
 
 antimony, golc 
 
 en, 160 
 
 roll, ... 778 
 
 780 
 
 coloring, burnt, . 
 
 245 
 
 barium, . 
 
 . 1S8 
 
 salts of, ... 
 
 781 
 
 grape, .... 
 
 515 
 
 cadmium, . 
 
 . 204 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 744 
 
 lead, .... 
 
 696 
 
 calcium, 
 
 209, 210 
 
 sublimatum, . 
 
 778 
 
 lemon, .... 
 
 1 194 
 
 gold, . . 
 
 . 180 
 
 sublimed, . 
 
 778 
 
 milk, . . 542 
 
 745 
 
 hydrogen, . 
 
 . 781 
 
 vivum 
 
 780 
 
 Sugars, .... 
 
 733 
 
 iron, 
 
 • 512 
 
 washed, . . . 
 
 779 
 
 non-fermentable, 
 
 735 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 • 712 
 
 Sulphurated antimony 
 
 .159 
 
 Sulphantimoniate of 
 
 
 Sulphides, 
 
 778, 781 
 
 lime 
 
 209 
 
 antimony, 
 
 160 
 
 calcium, 
 
 . 210 
 
 solution, 
 
 592 
 
 Sulphate of aconitine, 
 
 104 
 
 tin, . . . 
 
 • 774 
 
 oil, 
 
 186 
 
 aluminium, . . 
 
 139 
 
 Sulphite of ammo 
 
 ruum, 150 
 
 oils, 
 
 643 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 148 
 
 barium, . 
 
 . 188 
 
 potash ointment, 
 
 986 
 
 antimony, . 
 
 160 
 
 lime, . . . 
 
 . 210 
 
 potassa, 
 
 701 
 
 atropine, 
 
 106 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 . 601 
 
 Sulphuret of antimon. 
 
 158 
 
 barium, .... 
 
 188 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 . 709 
 
 Sulphurets, . 778, 
 
 78i 
 
 beberina, . 
 
 107 
 
 silver, . 
 
 . 176 
 
 Sulphuretted hydro., 
 
 781 
 
 berberine, . 
 
 109 
 
 sodium, 
 
 • 755 
 
 Sulphuric acid, 56, 73 
 
 78r 
 
 cadmium, . . . 
 
 204 
 
 sodium, acid, . 
 
 • 755 
 
 aromatic, 
 
 73 
 
1273 
 
 Sulphuric acid, diluted, 
 
 Sweet clover, fl. ext. 
 
 475 
 
 Syrup bromide of iron 
 
 799 
 
 c 
 
 5. 74 
 
 fern, fl. extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 bromide of iron, taste- 
 
 anhydride, 
 
 78i 
 
 flag, candied, . 
 
 260 
 
 less, 
 
 831 
 
 ether 
 
 78 
 
 flag essence. . 
 
 410 
 
 bromide of iron, qu 
 
 - 
 
 Sulphuris iodidum. . 
 
 7S0 
 
 flag, fl. extract. . 
 
 459 
 
 nine and s try ch., 
 
 833 
 
 Sulphurous acid, 56, 
 
 
 flag syrup, . 
 
 S23 
 
 bromide of morph., 
 
 831. 
 
 74 
 
 ,781 
 
 flag tincture, . . 
 
 891 
 
 bromide of morph. 
 
 
 anhydride, . 
 
 7S1 
 
 gum 
 
 1S2 
 
 and strych., 
 
 833 
 
 Sumach, aromatic fl. 
 
 
 gum tree, fl. ext., 
 
 462 
 
 bromide of potass. , 
 
 833 
 
 extract, . 469 
 
 487 
 
 gum syrup, . . 
 
 824 
 
 bromide of quinine, 
 
 831 
 
 Chinese, fl. ext., . 
 
 437 
 
 marjoram, fl. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 bromide (if quinine 
 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 472 
 
 marjoram oil, . 
 
 653 
 
 and morphine, . 
 
 832 
 
 Sumbul, elixir, . 
 
 37' 
 
 orange, fl. extract, 
 
 473 
 
 bromide of quinine, 
 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 371 
 
 quinine, 
 
 129 
 
 mor. and strych., 
 
 832 
 
 extr. for perfumes, 
 
 "53 
 
 spirit of nitre, . 
 
 760 
 
 bromide of sodium, 
 
 833 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 462 
 
 tincture of rhubarb 
 
 935 
 
 bromide of strych., 
 
 832 
 
 tincture, «... 
 
 940 
 
 violet oil, . . 
 
 653 
 
 bromide of strych., 
 
 
 Summer savory, fl. 
 
 
 Sydenham's laudanum 
 
 ,929 
 
 iron and quinine, 
 
 S33 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 469 
 
 Sympathetic inks, . 
 
 1177 
 
 bromide of strych. 
 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 653 
 
 Symphytic syrup. 
 
 824 
 
 and morphine, . 
 
 832 
 
 Sun cholera mixture, 
 
 629 
 
 Symphytum officinale, 
 
 
 buckthorn, . . . 
 
 811 
 
 Sundew, fl. extract, 
 
 462 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 calamus, . 823 
 
 852 
 
 Sunflower, fl. ext., . 
 
 469 
 
 Symplocarpus, fluid 
 
 
 calcium and iron, 
 
 
 seed oil, . . . 
 
 642 
 
 extract, . . 469 
 
 487 
 
 lactophosphate, 
 
 841 
 
 Suppositoria, . . 
 
 782 
 
 Syrup, 
 
 791 
 
 calisaya, 
 
 S52 
 
 acidi carbolici cum 
 
 
 acacia, .... 
 
 792 
 
 calisaya phosphate, 
 
 852 
 
 sapone, . 
 
 789 
 
 acacia mucilage, . 
 
 39" 
 
 Canada balsam, . 
 
 S24 
 
 tannici, . 
 
 789 
 
 acid phosphate, . 
 
 861 
 
 capillaire, . . . 
 
 522 
 
 tannici cum sa- 
 
 
 adiantum, . 
 
 822 
 
 caraway, . ^3.852 
 
 pone, . . . 
 
 789 
 
 albuminate of iron 
 
 
 cardamom, 
 
 823 
 
 hydrargyri, . . 
 
 789 
 
 and sodium, 
 
 840 
 
 carophylles, 
 
 32 ) 
 
 iodoformi, . 
 
 789 
 
 althaea 
 
 794 
 
 carrageen, . . . 
 
 822 
 
 morphime, 
 
 789 
 
 almonds, . . . 
 
 794 
 
 carrageen comp., 
 
 826 
 
 cum sapone, 
 
 -.,, 
 
 alterative. . 
 
 826 
 
 catawba, 
 
 852 
 
 plumbi composita, 
 
 790 
 
 ambrosia, . 
 
 850 
 
 ceanothus comp.. 
 
 
 Suppositories, . . 
 
 782 
 
 ammoniac, . . . 
 
 824 
 
 chamomile, 
 
 
 anodyne, 
 
 7-1 
 
 aniseed, . . 
 
 823 
 
 champagne, 
 
 
 astringent, 
 
 785 
 
 anthemis, . 
 
 823 
 
 cherry 
 
 S53 
 
 antiseptic, 
 
 786 
 
 antiscrobutic, . . 
 
 826 
 
 cherry phosphate, 
 
 853 
 
 aural 
 
 789 
 
 apple 
 
 850 
 
 cherries, 
 
 798 
 
 gelatin, . . . 
 
 514 
 
 apricot 
 
 850 
 
 chimaphila, 
 
 
 genera] formula, . 
 
 783 
 
 aralia, compound, 
 
 826 
 
 chloral 
 
 
 hypnotic, . 
 
 787 
 
 artemisia compound, 826 
 
 chloride ol amnion 
 
 
 nasal 
 
 789 
 
 asafetida, . 
 
 824 
 
 ium 
 
 843 
 
 pile 
 
 7')" 
 
 .1 ,iniin compound, 
 
 826 
 
 chocolate, . 
 
 
 purgative, . . . 
 
 790 
 
 asparagus, . 
 
 824 
 
 chocolate, hot, 
 
 867 
 
 rectal 
 
 784 
 
 bayberry bark. 
 
 823 
 
 cinchona, . . . 
 
 
 urethral, 
 
 787 
 
 balsam Peru, . . 
 
 824 
 
 cinnamon, . .7 
 
 vaginal, 
 
 788 
 
 ■ 
 
 ,851 
 
 citrate "I iron, 
 
 
 vermifuge, . . . 
 
 790 
 
 belladonna, . . 
 
 824 
 
 citrate of iron and 
 
 
 Svapnia 
 
 825 
 
 oin, 
 
 824 
 
 quinim 
 
 834 
 
 elixir 
 
 571 
 
 birch beer, 42; 
 
 ,851 
 
 :.■ ot iron, 
 
 
 syrup 
 
 825 
 
 bitter-sweet, . . 
 
 823 
 
 quin. and strych 
 
 
 S. V. R 
 
 88 
 
 blackberry, . 814 
 
 . B50 
 
 citrate ol ir< 01 ami 
 
 
 Swamp dogwood, fl. 
 
 
 blackberry aromati 
 
 strychnine, . . 
 
 B34 
 
 ct, . . . 
 
 474 
 
 blackberry root, . 
 
 
 citric acid, • • . 
 
 
 Swandown fa< e pow 
 
 
 black cherry, ■ 
 
 850 
 
 claret 
 
 854 
 
 der 
 
 1 135 
 
 blood and liver, 
 
 
 cloves 
 
 
 balm, il. ext., 
 
 475 
 
 blood root, 
 
 
 coca 
 
 
 basil oil, 
 
 
 blueberry, , . . 
 
 857 
 
 fee, . . .417 
 
 . 854 
 
 drily oil, 
 
 
 brandy, 
 
 
 . offee, hot, . . 
 
 867 
 
 cicily. ll. extra* t, 
 
 475 
 
 brum, of amonium 
 
 833 
 
 a ic 
 
 
1274 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Syrup colchicum, 
 
 823 
 
 Syrup hypophosphite 
 
 
 Syrup lactophosphates 
 
 coltsfoot, . 
 
 
 823 
 
 of calcium, so- 
 
 
 compound, . S42 
 
 comfrey, 
 
 
 S24 
 
 dium, potass. 
 
 
 lactucarium, . . 806 
 
 conium, . 
 
 
 82s 
 
 and iron, . . 
 
 835 
 
 Aubergier's, . 806 
 
 copaiba, 
 
 
 824 
 
 iron 
 
 836 
 
 lemon, . 807, 850, 857 
 
 corsican moss, 
 
 822 
 
 iron and calcium, 
 
 836 
 
 phosphate. . . 857 
 
 corydalis compounc 
 
 .827 
 
 iron and manga- 
 
 
 soda water, . . 423 
 
 cough, Jackson's, 
 
 628 
 
 nese, . 
 
 836 
 
 lime, .... 798 
 
 cream 
 
 855 
 
 lime, .... 
 
 834 
 
 fruit, .... 858 
 
 cubeb, . 
 
 
 823 
 
 lime and soda, . 
 
 S35 
 
 fruit phosphate, 858 
 
 curacoa, 
 
 
 855 
 
 lime, soda and 
 
 
 limes 850 
 
 currant, 
 
 S50 
 
 855 
 
 potassa, . . 
 
 835 
 
 liquorice compound, 827 
 
 dandelion, . 
 
 
 825 
 
 lime soda, po- 
 
 
 liquorice extract, . 825 
 
 datura, . 
 
 
 825 
 
 tassa and iron, 
 
 835 
 
 liq. root, . . 808, 822 
 
 dextrin, . 
 
 271 
 
 515 
 
 manganese, 
 
 836 
 
 liquidambar, . . 824 
 
 dialysed iron, 
 
 
 S40 
 
 sodium, . 
 
 836 
 
 lobelia, .... 823 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 
 824 
 
 hypophosphites, . 
 
 803 
 
 mace, .... 858 
 
 don't care, . 
 
 
 855 
 
 Churchill's, . . 
 
 804 
 
 maiden hair, . . 822 
 
 Dover's, 
 
 
 828 
 
 compound, . . 
 
 835 
 
 malto 866 
 
 dulcamara, . 
 
 
 823 
 
 comp., Fellow's, 
 
 837 
 
 malt hop phosphate, 858 
 
 Easton's, . 
 
 
 802 
 
 comp., with iron, 
 
 804 
 
 malt and tar cough, 612 
 
 egg nogg. • 
 
 
 856 
 
 comp., with lac- 
 
 
 malt tonic, . . . 858 
 
 erythroxylon, 
 
 
 825 
 
 topeptine, 
 
 838 
 
 manna, . . . . 80S 
 
 eucalyptus, 
 
 
 823 
 
 comp., with qui- 
 
 
 maple, .... 858 
 
 euonymus, . 
 
 
 825 
 
 nine and strych. 837 
 
 marrubium, . . 823 
 
 fennel, . 
 
 
 823 
 
 comp., iron, qui- 
 
 
 marrubium comp., 82 i 
 
 flavored, 
 
 
 830 
 
 nine and strych. 838 
 
 mead 423 
 
 foxglove, . 
 
 
 825 
 
 lime, iron, soda 
 
 
 mead excelsior, . 424 
 
 fumitorv, . 
 
 
 824 
 
 and potassa, . 
 
 804 
 
 milk punch, . . 856 
 
 galls, '. . 
 
 
 823 
 
 hyssop 
 
 823 
 
 mitchella compound, 828 
 
 garlic, . 
 
 
 793 
 
 Iceland moss, . 
 
 822 
 
 morphine, . . . 843 
 
 garlic, compound. 
 
 794 
 
 compound, . 
 
 826 
 
 mugwort, comp., 826 
 
 German cough, . 
 
 1064 
 
 Indian sarsaparilla, 
 
 803 
 
 mulberry, . . 850, 858 
 
 gillinia, .... 
 
 823 
 
 iodide of calcium, 
 
 838 
 
 mulberries, . . 809 
 
 ginger, . 422, S21 
 
 856 
 
 iodide of iron. 
 
 800 
 
 muriate of amnion., 843 
 
 ginger ale, . . 422 
 
 856 
 
 iodide of iron, taste- 
 
 
 nascent phenic acid, 844 
 
 glycyrrhiza, 
 
 S22 
 
 less, 
 
 839 
 
 nectar 859 
 
 glycyrrhiza comp., 
 
 827 
 
 iodide of iron and 
 
 
 nectarine, . . . 859 
 
 golden 
 
 874 
 
 manganese, . 
 
 839 
 
 nutgalls, . . . 823 
 
 grape, . . .850 
 
 856 
 
 iodide of lime. 
 
 S38 
 
 nutmeg, . . . 858 
 
 grape phosphate, . 
 
 856 
 
 iodide of manga- 
 
 
 opium 825 
 
 guaiacum, . 
 
 824 
 
 nese, . 
 
 839 
 
 opium and ipecac, 828 
 
 guarana, 
 
 825 
 
 iodide of starch, . 
 
 839 
 
 orange, 795, 850, 859 
 
 gum arabic, 
 
 792 
 
 ipecac, .... 
 
 805 
 
 blood, . . . 860 
 
 hedge mustard, . 
 
 824 
 
 ipecac and opium, 
 
 828 
 
 flowers, . 796, 860 
 
 helminthocortus, . 
 
 S22 
 
 jalap, .... 
 
 S23 
 
 Malta, red, . . 860 
 
 hemidesmus, . 
 
 803 
 
 juniper berries, 
 
 823 
 
 Maltese, . . . 860 
 
 henbane, . . . 
 
 825 
 
 krameria, . 
 
 806 
 
 phosphate, . . 859 
 
 hive 
 
 817 
 
 lactate of iron, 
 
 840 
 
 soda water, . 424 
 
 hoarhound. 
 
 S23 
 
 lactopeptine, . 
 
 842 
 
 orgeat, . . 794, 860 
 
 hoarhound comp., 
 
 828 
 
 lactopeptine comp. 
 
 842 
 
 Ottawa beer, . 425, 851 
 
 hock 
 
 857 
 
 lactophosphate of 
 
 
 oxide of iron, . . 801 
 
 hound's tongue, . 
 
 824 
 
 calcium, . . 797 
 
 841 
 
 partridgeberry com- 
 
 huckleberry, 850 
 
 ,857 
 
 calcium and iron 
 
 841 
 
 pound, . . . 828 
 
 hydriodic acid, 
 
 793 
 
 cal. and pepsin, 
 
 841 
 
 peach, . . . S50, 860 
 
 hyoscyamus, . 
 
 825 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 841 
 
 pear, . . . 850, 800 
 
 hypophosphite of 
 
 
 iron and lime, . 
 
 841 
 
 pear phosphate, . 860 
 
 calcium, . . . 
 
 834 
 
 lime, . . . 797 
 
 841 
 
 peppermint, . . 808 
 
 calcium and so- 
 
 
 lime and pepsin, 
 
 841 
 
 pepsin, .... 843 
 
 dium, . 
 
 835 
 
 manganese,'. 
 
 841 
 
 Peruvian beer, 425, 851 
 
 calcium, sodium 
 
 
 lactopho s p h a t e s 
 
 
 phosphate of cal'm, 844 
 
 and potas 
 
 sium 
 
 835 
 
 cal., iron mang., 
 
 842 
 
 iron, . . 801, S44 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1275 
 
 Syrup phosphate of 
 
 
 Syrup squill, . . 
 
 . S17 
 
 Syrup hypophosphi 
 
 
 lime 
 
 844 
 
 compound, . 
 
 817 
 
 turn, . . . 
 
 . 803 
 
 manganese, 
 
 844 
 
 starch, ... 2^ 
 
 1, 515 
 
 hypophosp h i t u n 
 
 1 
 
 compound, . 
 
 845 
 
 stillingia, comp., 
 
 829 
 
 cum ferro, . 
 
 S04 
 
 quinine, . 
 
 846 
 
 stramonium, . 
 
 825 
 
 ipecacuanha?, . 
 
 S05 
 
 quinine and iron 
 
 847 
 
 strawberry, . 850, 863 
 
 krameria?, . 
 
 806 
 
 phosphates of iron, 
 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 863 
 
 lactucarii, . 
 
 806 
 
 quinine and 
 
 
 svapnia, 
 
 825 
 
 limonis, 
 
 S07 
 
 strychnine, 802 
 
 S47 
 
 sweet flag, 
 
 823 
 
 liquiritfce, . . 
 
 SoS 
 
 phosphates, comp., 
 
 S45 
 
 sweet gum, 
 
 824 
 
 manna?, 
 
 808 
 
 Phytolacca, comp., 
 
 828 
 
 symphytic, 
 
 S24 
 
 mentha?, 
 
 SoS 
 
 pineapple, . . S50 
 
 861 
 
 tar, .... 
 
 809 
 
 mori, . . . 
 
 809 
 
 phosphate, . 
 
 86 1 
 
 taraxacum, 
 
 825 
 
 papaveris, . . 
 
 809 
 
 pipsissewa, 
 
 824 
 
 tea, .... 
 
 863 
 
 picis liquid. e, . 
 
 809 
 
 plum, . . . S50 
 
 ,86i 
 
 triple phosphates 
 
 847 
 
 pruni Virginians 
 
 Rio 
 
 poke, compound. 
 
 82S 
 
 tolu, . . . 
 
 823 
 
 rhamni cathartica. 
 
 , 811 
 
 prune, . . 850 
 
 861 
 
 from extract. 
 
 425 
 
 rhei, . . . 
 
 S12 
 
 protoxide of iron, 
 
 847 
 
 turkey corn, comp 
 
 ., 827 
 
 rhei aromaticus, 
 
 813 
 
 pulmonary, 
 
 828 
 
 tussilagino, 
 
 823 
 
 rhceados, . . 
 
 813 
 
 pyrophosphate of 
 
 
 valerian, 
 
 S24 
 
 rosne. 
 
 . 814 
 
 iron 
 
 347 
 
 vanilla, . . 8: 
 
 4,864 
 
 rosa? gallica?, . 
 
 . S14 
 
 queen's root comp. , 
 
 829 
 
 violets. . . S2 
 
 3. 864 
 
 rubi, . . . 
 
 S14 
 
 quieting, 
 
 1114 
 
 wild cherry, 81 
 
 o, 853 
 
 rubi Idrei, . . 
 
 . 815 
 
 quince, . . . S50 
 
 862 
 
 wild cherry, comp 
 
 .,1065 
 
 sarsaparilla? com 
 
 - 
 
 quinine, iron and 
 
 
 white pine, comp 
 
 , 1064 
 
 positus, . 
 
 . 815 
 
 strychnine, . . 
 
 802 
 
 wintergreen, . 
 
 . 864 
 
 scilke, . . . 
 
 • 817 
 
 raspberry, . .815 
 
 862 
 
 soda water, 42 
 
 5. 864 
 
 scillre, compositu 
 
 ., 817 
 
 black, . . . 
 
 8 so 
 
 worm, . 
 
 . 1123 
 
 senega;, 
 
 . 818 
 
 phosphate, . . 
 
 862 
 
 yellow dock, com 
 
 p., 829 
 
 senna?, . 
 
 S19 
 
 red, .... 
 
 850 
 
 yerba santa arom 
 
 t., 829 
 
 simplex, 
 
 • 79i 
 
 red cherry, . . 
 
 850 
 
 Syrupi, 
 
 790 
 
 tolutanus, . . 
 
 . 820 
 
 poppy,' . . . 
 
 813 
 
 Syrups, . . . 
 
 ■ 79° 
 
 zingiberis, . . 
 
 . 821 
 
 root compound, 
 
 827 
 
 aromatic herbs, 
 
 . 808 
 
 System renovator, 
 
 . 1040 
 
 rhamnus, . 
 
 811 
 
 chemical substant 
 
 es,830 
 
 
 
 rhatany, . . . 
 
 806 
 
 fruit, . . . 
 
 777 
 
 
 
 rhubarb, . . . 
 
 812 
 
 fruit juice, . . 
 
 ■ 849 
 
 T 
 
 
 aromatic, 
 
 813 
 
 phosphate, 
 
 86i 
 
 
 
 and potassium, 
 
 S20 
 
 soda hot, . 
 
 866 
 
 Tabacum, fl. ext., 
 
 • 476 
 
 soothing, 
 
 1114 
 
 soda water, 
 
 84S 
 
 Tabella?, . . . 
 
 . 871 
 
 spiced, . 
 
 813 
 
 sooth'g and teeth' 
 
 g,i"3 
 
 nitroglycerin!, 
 
 • 871 
 
 rock candy, . . 
 
 848 
 
 wine, 
 
 . 864 
 
 Tablet, lily white, 
 
 . 1 136 
 
 root beer, . 427 
 
 851 
 
 Syrupus, . 
 
 • 79i 
 
 Tablets, '. . . 
 
 . 871 
 
 rose, . . 814, 
 
 862 
 
 acaci.e, . 
 
 792 
 
 compressed, 
 
 . 872 
 
 rubus, . 814. 
 
 823 
 
 acidi cilrici. 
 
 793 
 
 diarrhoea, . . 
 
 . 1070 
 
 rumex, compound, 
 
 -j , 
 
 acidi bydriodici, 
 
 793 
 
 dyspepsia, . 
 
 . 1072 
 
 <>n 
 
 -~l 
 
 allii 
 
 793 
 
 fruit, . . . 
 
 87a 
 
 sanguinaria, . 
 
 823 
 
 althaea, . 
 
 794 
 
 hypodermic, com 
 
 
 sarsaparilla. 803 
 
 862 
 
 amygdala.', . 
 
 • 794 
 
 ed, . 
 
 
 compound, . 
 
 ->-- 
 
 aurantii, . . 
 
 7os 
 
 nitroglycerin, , 
 
 . S71 
 
 soda water, 424 
 
 862 
 
 aurantii florum, 
 
 79 6 
 
 tooth, . . . 
 
 11 19 
 
 scrofulous, . . 
 
 829 
 
 calcis, . . 
 
 79? 
 
 worm, . . . 
 
 11.:, 
 
 senega, .... 
 
 818 
 
 calcii i-i' tophosp, 
 
 . 797 
 
 1 acamahaca, . 
 
 . 1-1 
 
 eneka 
 
 818 
 
 cerasorum, . 
 
 
 Jder, il. ext., 
 
 1' " 
 
 senna 
 
 819 
 
 chloral, . . . 
 
 700 
 
 
 • 215 
 
 sherbet, 
 
 863 
 
 i innamomi, 
 
 
 soap, 
 
 741 
 
 simple 
 
 7oi 
 
 ferri bromidi, . 
 
 • 7oo 
 
 Tamarac gum, . 
 
 7 JO 
 
 for SOda w.it.r, 
 
 848 
 
 iodidi, . . 
 
 
 il extract, . . 
 
 
 soothing, . 
 
 1113 
 
 oxydali SOlubilis, Sol 
 
 tincture, 
 
 ■ 7^" 
 
 spikenard, comp., 
 
 826 
 
 phospl 
 
 . 801 
 
 Tamar [ndien, . 
 
 
 spruce beer, . 427 
 
 851 
 
 quuunse 1 il 
 
 :h- 
 
 1 .111.11 .turn. tl. ext 
 
 17'' 
 
 spruce gum, . 
 
 
 nin 1 phospc 
 
 1. 11111. itenf .iltimiiiiu 
 
 11. 1 |0 
 
 Squaw vine, eomp., 
 
 828 
 
 hemidesmf, 
 
 . 803 
 
 bismuth, ■ , 
 
 • 107 
 
1276 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tannate of lead, 
 
 
 699 
 
 lead ointment, 
 
 
 986 
 
 pelletierine, 
 
 
 123 
 
 Tannic acid, . . 
 
 5 
 
 7,873 
 
 glycerite, 
 
 
 517 
 
 ointment, 
 
 
 970 
 
 suppositories 
 
 
 7S9 
 
 vvith soap, . 
 
 
 789 
 
 troches, . . 
 
 
 961 
 
 Tannin, 
 
 
 873 
 
 Tansy, fluid extract 
 
 476 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 
 653 
 
 Tape worm remedy, 
 
 1125 
 
 Tapioca, . 
 
 
 153 
 
 Taraxacum, elixir 
 
 
 322 
 
 compound, 
 
 32 
 
 2, 371 
 
 extract, 
 
 
 450 
 
 fluid extract, . 
 
 
 479 
 
 Tar 
 
 
 694 
 655 
 
 barbadoes, 
 
 
 birch, 
 
 
 694 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 
 649 
 
 coal, 
 
 
 694 
 
 glycerite, . 
 
 
 522 
 
 compound, . 
 
 
 522 
 
 juniper, 
 
 64 
 
 8,694 
 
 and malt cot 
 
 & 
 
 L 
 
 syrup, . . 
 
 
 612 
 
 oil, .... 
 
 6. 
 
 9,694 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 
 9S4 
 
 pine, 
 
 
 694 
 
 solution, alkali 
 
 le 
 
 592 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 
 8O9 
 169 
 
 water, . 
 
 
 wine, 
 
 
 IOI2 
 
 Tartar, cream, . 
 
 
 703 
 
 soluble, . 
 
 
 711 
 
 crude, . 
 
 
 • 703 
 
 emetic, . 
 
 
 156 
 
 elixir, 
 
 
 • 372 
 
 ointment, 
 
 
 • 971 
 
 solution, 
 
 
 • 592 
 
 wine, . . . 
 
 
 • 998 
 
 sal 
 
 
 704 
 
 salts of, 
 
 
 • 704 
 
 Tartaric acid, 
 
 e 
 
 7. 703 
 
 Tartrated antimony 
 
 , 156 
 
 ointment, 
 
 
 • 97i 
 
 antimony and pot 
 
 is., 156 
 
 elixir, . 
 
 
 • 372 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 
 • 197 
 
 chinoline, . 
 
 
 . 130 
 
 iron, 
 
 
 ■ 504 
 
 soda, . . . 
 
 7 
 
 36, 747 
 
 Tartrate of iron 
 
 an 
 
 1 
 
 ammonium, 
 
 
 • 503 
 
 potassium 
 
 
 • 504 
 
 magnesium, 
 
 
 ■ 603 
 
 manganese, 
 
 
 . 615 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 
 . 122 
 
 potassium, . 
 
 
 . 710 
 
 acid, . . 
 
 
 • 703 
 
 Tartrate of potassium 
 
 neutral. . . . 710 
 
 and sodium, . 706 
 
 sodium, .... 757 
 
 zinc, 102 1 
 
 Tartrates 703 
 
 Tasteless castor oil, 397 
 cod liver oil, . . 397 
 iodide of iron, . 506 
 tincture of iron, . 570 
 Tea, blood purifying, 1045 
 Hamburg, . . . 1107 
 fluid extract, . . 476 
 labrador, fl. extract, 469 
 laxative, . 758, 1052 
 oil, . . . 653 
 
 pectoral, . 759, 1107 
 rheumatic, . . .1110 
 St. Germain, . . 758 
 syrup, .... 863 
 vermifuge, . . . 1125 
 wood, .... 758 
 worm, .... 1 125 
 
 Teas, 758 
 
 Tecoma radicans, fl. 
 
 extract, . . . 476 
 Teething and sooth'g 
 
 syrups, . . .1113 
 Telluretted hydrogen, 874 
 Telluric acid, . . 874 
 Tellurium, ... 874 
 dioxide, . . . 874 
 trioxide, . . . 874 
 Tellurous acid, . . 874 
 Terchloride of anti- 
 mony, . . 160, 549 
 bismuth, . . . 197 
 Terebene, . . . 651 
 cough mixture, . 1067 
 vapor, .... 996 
 Terebinthina, . . 662 
 Canadensis, . . 663 
 Terminations of acids 
 
 — ous — ic, . . 56 
 alkaloids — ia — ine, 99 
 glucosides — in, . 515 
 neutral prin. — in, 515 
 resinoids, etc. — in, 732 
 salts — ite — ate, . 56 
 salts — ide, ... 56 
 terpenes — ene, . 643 
 stearoptens — ol, . 643 
 Terpenes, . . . 643 
 Terra japonica, . 727, 877 
 Test papers, . . . 231 
 Test solutions, quali- 
 tative, ... 579 
 acetate of copper, 579 
 acetate of lead, 580 
 acet. of potassium, 580 
 acetate of sodium, 580 
 albumen, . . 580 
 
 Test solutions am- 
 monio-nitrate 
 of silver, . . 580 
 sulp. of copper, 580 
 sulph. of mag., 580 
 bichromate of 
 
 potassium, . 580 
 bitartrate of sod., 580 
 boric acid, . . 581 
 bromine, . . 581 
 carb. of ammon., 581 
 carb. of sodium, 581 
 chlor. of ammon., 581 
 chlor. of barium, 581 
 calcium, . . 581 
 gold, . . . 581 
 chrom. of potas., 581 
 ferric chloride, 581 
 ferricyanide of 
 
 potassium, . 581 
 ferrocyanide of 
 
 potassium, . 581 
 ferrous sulphate, 581 
 gelatin, . . . 581 
 hydrosulphu r i c 
 
 acid, . . 582 
 
 hoposulphite of 
 
 sodium, . . 582 
 indigo, . . . 582 
 iod. of mercury 
 and potassium, 582 
 potassium, . 582 
 iodine, . . . 582 
 isinglass, . . 582 
 magnesium, . 582 
 mercuric chloride, 582 
 Meyers', . . 582 
 Nessler's reagent, 583 
 nitrate of barium, 582 
 silver, . . 582 
 oxalate of am- 
 monium, . . 582 
 permanganate of 
 
 potassium, . 583 
 phosphate of am- 
 monium, . . 583 
 sodium, . . 583 
 picric acid, . . 583 
 platinic chloride, 583 
 potassio - cupric 
 tartrate, . . 583 
 mercuric iodide, 583 
 stannous chlo., 583 
 sulphate of cal., 583 
 copper, . . 583 
 magnesium, . 584 
 potassium, . 584 
 silver, . . 584 
 sulphide of am- 
 monium, . . 584 
 sulphite of sod., 584 
 tannic acid, . . 584 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1277 
 
 Test solution tar- 
 
 Thymus fluid ext., 
 
 476 
 
 Tinctura cinchona; 
 
 
 taric acid, . 5S4 
 
 Tilia, fluid extract, 
 
 476 
 
 composita, . 
 
 901 
 
 tincture phenol- 
 
 Tin 
 
 773 
 
 cinnamomi, 
 
 902 
 
 phthalein, . 584 
 
 chloride, 
 
 773 
 
 cocci 
 
 903 
 
 yellow chromate 
 
 solution. 
 
 592 
 
 colchici. 
 
 903 
 
 of potassium, 5 84 
 
 foil 
 
 773 
 
 seminum, 
 
 903 
 
 Test solution, volu- 
 
 hydrated per oxid 
 
 e. 773 
 
 colocynthidis, . 
 
 903 
 
 metric, ... 584 
 
 iodide, . 
 
 773 
 
 conii, .... 
 
 904 
 
 bichrom ate of 
 
 liquor, . 
 
 592 
 
 croci 
 
 904 
 
 potassium, . 584 
 
 mordants, . 
 
 774 
 
 cubelxe, . . . 
 
 905 
 
 hyposulphite of 
 
 mucilage, . 
 
 1 166 
 
 digitalis, . . . 
 
 905 
 
 sodium, . . 5S5 
 
 oleate, . 
 
 659 
 
 1 >i »veri, .... 
 
 9i7 
 
 iodine, ... 585 
 
 oxide, . 
 
 773 
 
 ergotre, . . . 
 
 906 
 
 nitrate of silver, 585 
 
 paste, 
 
 1167 
 
 ferri acetatis, . . 
 
 906 
 
 oxalic acid, . . 585 
 
 polish, . . . 
 
 11S2 
 
 acetici setherea, 
 
 907 
 
 soda 585 
 
 protiodide, 
 
 773 
 
 chloridi, . 
 
 907 
 
 Test solutions, 579 to 585 
 
 solution, 
 
 592 
 
 chlorati aetherea 
 
 90S 
 
 qualitative, . . 379 
 
 spirits, . 
 
 773 
 
 perchloridi, . . 
 
 908 
 
 volumetric, . . 584 
 
 sulphide, . . 
 
 774 
 
 pomatia, 
 
 908 
 
 Trommer's. . . 734 
 
 Tinctora, . . . 
 
 875 
 
 formicarum, . 
 
 949 
 
 Tetrane 213 
 
 Tincture , . 
 
 880 
 
 gallre 
 
 909 
 
 Tetryl, . . ,85, 201 
 
 Tinctura absinthii, 
 
 881 
 
 gallarum, . . . 
 
 909 
 
 Tetter ointment, . 1105 
 
 aconiti, . . 
 
 882 
 
 gelsemii, 
 
 909 
 
 Thallina 132 
 
 aloes, . . . 
 
 883 
 
 gentians, . 
 
 910 
 
 Thalline 132 
 
 composita, . 
 
 884 
 
 composita, . 
 
 910 
 
 Thallium, ... 874 
 
 et myrrhse, . 
 
 884 
 
 guaiaci, 
 
 911 
 
 Thea Chinensis, fl. 
 
 amara, . . . 
 
 885 
 
 ammoniata, 
 
 912 
 
 extract, . . . 476 
 
 arnica? tlorum, 
 
 885 
 
 herbarum recentium,gi3 
 
 Thebaine, . 666 
 
 radicis, . 
 
 886 
 
 humuli 
 
 9U 
 
 Theilemann's cholera 
 
 aromatica, . 
 
 886 
 
 hydrastis, . . . 
 
 914 
 
 drops, . . . 1055 
 
 asafcetidse, . 
 
 887 
 
 hyoscyami, . . 
 
 915 
 
 Theine no 
 
 aurantii amari, 
 
 887 
 
 ignatise, . . . 
 
 915 
 
 Theobroma cacao. 
 
 dulcis, . . 
 
 888 
 
 ioili 
 
 915 
 
 .... 237, 640 
 
 recentis, 
 
 888 
 
 iodinii, composita, 
 
 916 
 
 fluid extract, . 476 
 
 belladonna.-, 
 
 889 
 
 ipecacuanha-, . 
 
 917 
 
 oil, 640 
 
 benzoics, 
 
 889 
 
 et opii, . . . 
 
 917 
 
 Theriaca, . . . 257, 874 
 
 benzoini, . 
 
 889 
 
 jaborandi, . . . 
 
 917 
 
 Andromachi, . . 875 
 
 composita, . 
 
 890 
 
 jalap.x 
 
 81S 
 
 Thibault's balsam, . 1035 
 
 blattre. . . . 
 
 95o 
 
 kamalse, 
 
 94S 
 
 Thimbleweed, fl. ext. ,476 
 
 bryoniie, . . 
 
 890 
 
 kino 
 
 91S 
 
 Thiosulphuric acid, 781 
 
 buchu, . 
 
 891 
 
 kramerise, . 
 
 
 Thistle blessed, fl. ext.,473 
 
 calami, . . . 
 
 891 
 
 laricis 
 
 9] 1 
 
 '1 bompsonian com- 
 
 calendulae, . . 
 
 891 
 
 lavendulse comp'a, 
 
 919 
 
 position powder, 720 
 
 calumbss, . . 
 
 892 
 
 limonis, 
 
 920 
 
 Thompson's solution 
 
 camphor.x compo 
 
 ... 893 
 
 lobelias, 
 
 921 
 
 phosphorus, . . 589 
 
 cannabis [ndicse, 
 
 893 
 
 lobelias setherea, . 
 
 921 
 
 Thoroughwort, fluid 
 
 cantharidis, 
 
 894 
 
 lupuli 
 
 oil 
 
 extract, . 46a, r: 
 
 capsict, . . . 
 
 894 
 
 lupulin.i-, . . . 
 
 921 
 
 Thuja articulata, 726 
 
 cardamomi, 
 
 895 
 
 matico 
 
 922 
 
 octidentalis, fluid 
 
 composita, . 
 
 B96 
 
 most In 
 
 922 
 
 extract, . 
 
 ■ . 11 i 1 1 t ■ , . 
 
 896 
 
 myrrhse, 
 
 923 
 
 oil 
 
 torei, . . 
 
 B97 
 
 nucis vomicae, 
 
 
 tincture, . . 947 
 
 1 J111. ( omposi 
 
 
 opii 
 
 
 Thyme, fluid extra' t, 476 
 
 < iiin.i-, . 
 
 900 
 
 ammoniata, , . 
 
 927 
 
 oil 
 
 1 posita, 'c 
 
 
 benzoica, 
 
 
 I hymene, 651 
 
 chinoidine, 
 
 898 
 
 camphorata, 
 
 
 Thymol, . . 
 
 chiratse, . . 
 
 
 crocata, . . . 
 
 
 chloral liniment, . [004 
 
 chloroform] com 
 
 
 deodorata, . . 
 
 
 ointment, . . . 1105 
 
 ... 
 
 898 
 
 simplex, . 
 
 927 
 
 toothache remedj , tiai 
 
 it morphinse, 
 
 
 pimpinellae, . . 
 
 931 
 
 vapor, .... 
 
 cimicifugW, 
 
 
 physostigmatis, 
 
 93] 
 
 Thymus vulgaris, . 651 
 
 1 in. boa e, . 
 
 
 podophyTli, 
 
 
1278 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tinctura pyrethri, . 
 
 932 
 
 Tincture antiscrobutic, 949 
 
 Tincture chloride of 
 
 quassia, 
 
 932 
 
 antispasmodic, 
 
 • 950 
 
 iron. . 
 
 907 
 
 quininae ammoniatc 
 
 .933 
 
 ants, 
 
 • 949 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 908 
 
 rhatanhia>, . . . 
 
 919 
 
 aralia spinosa, 
 
 • 947 
 
 (tasteless), 
 
 570 
 
 rhei, 
 
 934 
 
 arbor vita, . 
 
 • 947 
 
 chloroform, 
 
 898 
 
 aquosa, . 
 
 934 
 
 arnica flowers, 
 
 . 885 
 
 and morphine, 
 
 899 
 
 aromatica, . 
 
 935 
 
 root, . . 
 
 . 885 
 
 chrysophyllum, 
 
 947 
 
 dulcis, 
 
 935 
 
 aromatica, 
 
 . 886 
 
 cimicifuga. 
 
 899 
 
 et senna;, 
 
 936 
 
 asafetida, . 
 
 . 887 
 
 compound, . 
 
 949 
 
 vinosa, . 
 
 936 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 • 952 
 
 cinchona, . . 
 
 900 
 
 sabinae 
 
 937 
 
 aspidosperma, 
 
 • 947 
 
 ammoniated, 
 
 949 
 
 sanguinarire, . . 
 
 937 
 
 astringent, . 
 
 • 949 
 
 compound, . 
 
 901 
 
 sanguinaria; ace- 
 
 
 avena sativa, con- 
 
 cinnamon, . 
 
 902 
 
 tata composita, 
 
 949 
 
 centrated, 
 
 . 1129 
 
 cloves, . 
 
 947 
 
 sanguinaria; comp., 
 
 949 
 
 balm gilead buds, 946 
 
 cocculus Indicus, 
 
 946 
 
 saponis viridis. 
 
 938 
 
 balsam copaiba, . 946 
 
 cochineal, . 903, 947 
 
 scillae 
 
 938 
 
 fir, . . 
 
 • 946 
 
 ammoniated, 
 
 950 
 
 senega;, 
 
 939 
 
 Peru, . . 
 
 • 947 
 
 cockroaches, . 
 
 950 
 
 senna;, .... 
 
 939 
 
 baptisia, 
 
 • 947 
 
 colchicum, 
 
 903 
 
 serpentariie, . 
 
 939 
 
 belladonna, 
 
 . 889 
 
 seed compound 
 
 950 
 
 strychni, 
 
 925 
 
 benzoin, 
 
 . 889 
 
 colocynth, . 
 
 903 
 
 sumbul, . . . 
 
 940 
 
 compound, 
 
 . 890 
 
 conium, 
 
 904 
 
 tolutana, . . . 
 
 940 
 
 bitter, . . 
 
 • 885 
 
 leaves, 
 
 946 
 
 tonico-nervina, 
 
 908 
 
 bitter orange p 
 
 eel, 887 
 
 contrayerva. . 
 
 948 
 
 Valerianae, . 
 
 941 
 
 black cohosh, 
 
 • 899 
 
 coptis trifolia, 
 
 946 
 
 ammoniata, . 
 
 942 
 
 black cohosh, c 
 
 amp., 949 
 
 corydalis, . . 
 
 948 
 
 retherea, . . . 
 
 942 
 
 blessed thistle, 
 
 • 947 
 
 compound, . 
 
 950 
 
 vanilla; 
 
 942 
 
 blood root, . 
 
 • 937 
 
 coto, . . . 
 
 948 
 
 veratri viridis, 
 
 943 
 
 acetous, . 
 
 • 949 
 
 cranesbill, . . 
 
 946 
 
 zingiberis, . 
 
 944 
 
 compound, 
 
 • 949 
 
 croton seed, 
 
 948 
 
 zingiberis fortior, . 
 
 945 
 
 blue cohosh, 
 
 ■ 947 
 
 crown bark, 
 
 381 
 
 Tinctura; 
 
 880 
 
 compound, 
 
 • • 949 
 
 cubeb, . 
 
 905 
 
 Tincture absinthium 
 
 
 blue flag, . 
 
 • 947 
 
 Culver's root. 
 
 948 
 
 compound, . ■ . 
 
 948 
 
 boldo, . . 
 
 • 947 
 
 curcuma, . 
 
 950 
 
 acetate of copper, 
 
 94S 
 
 bryonia, 
 
 . 890 
 
 delphinum, 
 
 946 
 
 acetate of iron, 
 
 906 
 
 buchu, . . 
 
 . 891 
 
 digitalis, . . 
 
 905 
 
 acet. of iron etherial,g07 
 
 cactus, . . 
 
 ■ 949 
 
 dracontium, 
 
 947 
 
 acet. of iron, Rade- 
 
 
 calabar bean, 
 
 • 93i 
 
 ergot, . . . 
 
 906 
 
 macher's, 
 
 907 
 
 calamus, 
 
 . 891 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 952 
 
 aconite 
 
 882 
 
 calendula, . 
 
 . 891 
 
 erigeron, 
 
 94S 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 8S3 
 
 calumba, 
 
 . 892 
 
 eucalyptus, 
 
 948 
 
 Fleming s, . 
 
 883 
 
 camphor comp 
 
 Dund, 893 
 
 euphorbium, . 
 
 946 
 
 leaves, 
 
 883 
 
 canella, . 
 
 • 946 
 
 ferrated extract 
 
 E 
 
 root 
 
 8S2 
 
 cannabis, Indi 
 
 an, 893 
 
 apples, 
 
 90S 
 
 actasa, .... 
 
 899 
 
 cantharides, 
 
 • 894 
 
 fleabane, . . 
 
 948 
 
 ailanthus, . . . 
 
 946 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 • 952 
 
 foxglove, . 
 
 905 
 
 alkanet, 
 
 947 
 
 capsicum, . 
 
 • 894 
 
 galangal, . 
 
 947 
 
 aloes alkaline, . 
 
 948 
 
 cardamom, 
 
 • 895 
 
 galbanum, . 
 
 946 
 
 comp., 380, 3S1 
 
 , 884 
 
 compound, 
 
 . 896 
 
 gelsemium, 
 
 909 
 
 and myrrh, . 
 
 884 
 
 carduus, 
 
 • 947 
 
 gentian, 
 
 » 9 ID 
 
 amber 
 
 947 
 
 cascarilla, . 
 
 . 896 
 
 ammoniated, 
 
 950 
 
 amber alkaline, 
 
 94 S 
 
 castor, . . 
 
 • 897 
 
 compound, . 
 
 910 
 
 ambergris. . 
 
 946 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 • 952 
 
 comp., improve 
 
 d, 911 
 
 ambrette, . 
 
 947 
 
 oil beans, 
 
 • 948 
 
 geranium, . 
 
 946 
 
 American hellebore 
 
 . 943 
 
 catechu, 
 
 • 897 
 
 ginger, . . . 
 
 944 
 
 ammonia comp., . 
 
 948 
 
 compound, 
 
 • 897 
 
 ginger, strong, 
 
 945 
 
 ammonio-chloride of 
 
 catarrh root, 
 
 • 947 
 
 gold thread, 
 
 940 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 949 
 
 caulophyllum, 
 
 • 947 
 
 golden, . 
 
 102S 
 
 anchusa, 
 
 947 
 
 compound, 
 
 • 949 
 
 golden seal, . 
 
 914 
 
 anemone, . 
 
 947 
 
 chamomile, 
 
 • 946 
 
 gratiola. 
 
 947 
 
 angustura, . 
 
 947 
 
 chinoidin, . 
 
 . 898 
 
 green hellebore, 
 
 944 
 
 anthemis, . 
 
 946 
 
 chirata, 
 
 . 898 
 
 green soap, 
 
 938 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1 285 
 
 Zinci acetas, . 
 
 1015 
 
 Zinci oxidum, 
 
 1018 
 
 Zincum 
 
 1015 
 
 carbonas, pra;cipi- 
 
 
 phosphidum, . 
 
 1018 
 
 granulatum, . . 
 
 1020 
 
 tatus, . . . 
 
 1016 
 
 sulphas, . . 
 
 1019 
 
 Zingiber, rl. extract, 
 
 460 
 
 bromidum, . . 
 
 1016 
 
 sulphocarbolas, 
 
 1019 
 
 Zoedone 
 
 871 
 
 chloridum, . 
 
 1017 
 
 valerianas, . . 
 
 1020 
 
 Zugpflaster, . . . 
 
 395 
 
 iodidum, . . . 
 
 1018 
 
 Zinco-lead plaster, 
 
 394 
 
 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1279 
 
 Tincture guaiac, 
 
 911 
 
 Tincture of opium 
 
 Tincture of strych 
 
 
 alkaline, . 
 
 912 
 
 camphorated, 
 
 928 
 
 Magendie's, 
 
 • 951 
 
 ammoniated, 
 
 912 
 
 compound, 62 
 
 9.951 
 
 sumbul, . . 
 
 • 940 
 
 Dewees', 
 
 912 
 
 deodorized, 929, 930 
 
 sweet flag, 
 
 . 891 
 
 guaiacum wood, 
 
 94S 
 
 deod.. with nitre, 951 
 
 orange peel, 
 
 . 888 
 
 guarana, 
 
 947 
 
 and ipecac, . 
 
 950 
 
 tamarac, 
 
 • 730 
 
 hemlock, . . 
 
 904 
 
 and saffron, 
 
 929 
 
 thuja, . . . 
 
 • 947 
 
 henbane, 
 
 9' 5 
 
 orange fruit, . 
 
 888 
 
 tolii 
 
 • 940 
 
 hops, . . . 
 
 9U 
 
 orris. 
 
 94S 
 
 turkey, corn, . 
 
 • 948 
 
 horse chestnut, 
 
 946 
 
 oxgall, . 
 
 946 
 
 Turneria, . 
 
 ■ 950 
 
 Huxham's, 
 
 901 
 
 Pareira brava, 
 
 946 
 
 valerian, 
 
 • 94i 
 
 hydrastis, . 
 
 9M 
 
 pellitory, . . 
 
 932 
 
 ammoniated. 
 
 • 942 
 
 hydrastis, comp., 
 
 950 
 
 phenol-phthalein, 
 
 5S4 
 
 etherial, . 
 
 • 942 
 
 hyoscyamus, . 
 
 915 
 
 perchloride of iron, 908 
 
 vanilla, . 
 
 • 942 
 
 ignatia, . . . 
 
 915 
 
 persionis, . 
 
 247 
 
 veratrum viride, 
 
 • 943 
 
 iodine, . 
 
 9'5 
 
 phosphorous comp., 951 
 
 Norwood's, 
 
 • 944 
 
 iodine, colorless, 
 
 521 
 
 Phytolacca, 
 
 948 
 
 vittie vayr, 
 
 • 947 
 
 iodine, compound 
 
 , 916 
 
 pilocarpus, . . 
 
 917 
 
 Warburg's, 
 
 • 951 
 
 iodine, decolorizec 
 
 I, 950 
 
 pimpinel, . 
 
 93i 
 
 white pine, 95 
 
 :, 1064 
 
 iodine, etherial. 
 
 952 
 
 podophyllum, . 
 
 932 
 
 wild indigo, 
 
 • 947 
 
 iodoform, etherial 
 
 , 952 
 
 poke, 
 
 948 
 
 wormwood, 
 
 . 881 
 
 ipecac, . 
 
 917 
 
 poison oak, 
 
 947 
 
 yellow jasmin. 
 
 . 909 
 
 ipecac, compounc 
 
 . 95o 
 
 prickly elder, . 
 
 947 
 
 zedoaria, 
 
 • 947 
 
 ipecac and opium 
 
 917 
 
 Pulsatilla, . 
 
 947 
 
 compound, . 
 
 • 952 
 
 iris Florentina, 
 
 94S 
 
 pyrethrum, 
 
 932 
 
 Tinctures, 
 
 . 880 
 
 iris versicolor, 
 
 947 
 
 quassia, . . 
 
 932 
 
 etherial. 
 
 • 952 
 
 Indian cannabis, 
 
 893 
 
 quebracho, 
 
 947 
 
 fresh herbs, 
 
 • 913 
 
 Indian hemp, . 
 
 893 
 
 quillaya, 
 
 94S 
 
 green, . 
 
 • 913 
 
 jaborandi, . 
 
 9H 
 
 quinine, 
 
 933 
 
 homoeopathic, 
 
 • 953 
 
 jalap, 
 
 918 
 
 quinine, ammoni 
 
 
 mother, . 
 
 • 953 
 
 jodi 
 
 916 
 
 ated, . . . 
 
 933 
 
 saturated, . 
 
 • 913 
 
 kino, . . . 
 
 918 
 
 red gum, 
 
 948 
 
 specific, . . 
 
 • 913 
 
 krameria, . . 
 
 919 
 
 rhatany, 
 
 919 
 
 unofficial, . . 
 
 • 945 
 
 lactucarium, 
 
 946 
 
 rhododendron, 
 
 946 
 
 to per cent.. 
 
 • 945 
 
 larch, 
 
 919 
 
 rhubarb. . . 
 
 934 
 
 15 per cent., 
 
 • 946 
 
 laurel, . . . 
 
 946 
 
 aqueous, 
 
 934 
 
 20 per cent. . 
 
 • 947 
 
 lavender, comp., 
 
 919 
 
 aromatic, 
 
 935 
 
 Tisanes, . . . 
 
 • 956 
 
 lemon, . 
 
 920 
 
 compound, . 
 
 95' 
 
 co, B. extracl 
 
 176 
 
 leptandra, . 
 
 948 
 
 and senna, . 
 
 936 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 • "53 
 
 lobelia, . 
 
 921 
 
 spiced, . 
 
 935 
 
 ointment, . . 
 
 
 compound, . 
 
 950 
 
 sweet, 
 
 935 
 
 Toilet preparations 
 
 , 1131 
 
 im, «omp 
 
 M 950 
 
 vinous, . 
 
 93" 
 
 powder, violet. 
 
 . [i 36 
 
 etherial, . . 92 
 
 I. 952 
 
 rhus toxicodendn 
 
 n.947 
 
 rose, . 
 
 . 1 1 )6 
 
 lupulin,. . . 
 
 921 
 
 ricinus, . 
 
 94S 
 
 soaps, . . . 
 
 MM 
 
 marigold, . 
 
 89I 
 
 rose 
 
 948 
 
 vinegars, . . 
 
 . 1 l6l 
 
 mastic, . . . 
 
 948 
 
 rosmaiy, 
 
 
 waters, . 
 
 . II02 
 
 matico, . . 92 
 
 
 lera, . . 
 
 948 
 
 ■-. 
 
 . 18] 
 
 monesia, 
 
 947 
 
 saffron, . . 
 
 <r 1 1 
 
 loin balsam, 
 
 l-l 
 
 muriate of iron, 
 
 
 sanguinaria, . 
 
 937 
 
 factitious, . 
 
 [84 
 
 musk, 
 
 
 saponaria, . 
 
 948 
 
 fluid extra 
 
 197 
 
 musk seed, 
 
 947 
 
 savine, . 
 
 937 
 
 extracl liquid, 
 
 ■ 497 
 
 myrrh, . 
 
 
 scammony, 
 
 948 
 
 tract, soluble. 
 
 ■1-4 
 
 myrrh and • 
 
 
 senega, . . . 
 
 939 
 
 syrup, . 
 
 820 
 
 night blooo 
 
 
 senna, . 
 
 
 syrup from 
 
 
 nutgall, . 
 
 
 compound, . 
 
 
 tincture, . . 
 
 . 940 
 
 nux vomica, 
 
 
 serpentaria, 
 
 939 
 
 Toluene, . 
 
 [90 
 
 etherial, . . 
 
 
 serpentary, 
 
 
 1 oluidine, . . 
 
 . 1 13 
 
 oats, concentrate! 
 
 . M Jw 
 
 skunk cabl 
 
 947 
 
 1 ohlill, . . . 
 
 . 604 
 
 opium, . . . 
 
 
 Bpruce gam, . 
 
 730 
 
 Tolu, rock .ml rye, 
 
 11.).. 
 
 acetated, 
 
 927 
 
 s<|iiill, . . . 
 
 938 
 
 rock, rye and re 
 
 1 
 
 ammoniated. 
 
 
 staphisagria, . 
 
 946 
 
 
 
 . rxoo 
 
 lated, . 
 
 
 stillin-ia. . 
 
 948 
 
 1 
 
 
1280 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tongaline or tonga, 
 
 1130 
 
 Tree of heaven, fl. ext 
 
 ,468 
 
 Trochisci, . . . 
 
 959 
 
 Tonic, beef and coca 
 
 1118 
 
 Trehalose, 
 
 735 
 
 acidi benzoici, 
 
 960 
 
 beef, coca and iron 
 
 111S 
 
 Triamides, 
 
 142 
 
 acidi tannici, . 
 
 961 
 
 bitter wine, 
 
 1014 
 
 Triamines, 
 
 143 
 
 ammonii chloridi, 
 
 961 
 
 dyspepsia, . 
 
 1071 
 
 Trichloraldehyd, 
 
 234 
 
 bismuthi, . 
 
 961 
 
 elixir, .... 
 
 3S1 
 
 Tricholmethane, 
 
 237 
 
 catechu, . . . 
 
 961 
 
 German, 
 
 1118 
 
 Tricopherus, 
 
 "43 
 
 cretse 
 
 962 
 
 ginger 
 
 1118 
 
 Trifolium partense, fl 
 
 
 cubebie, . . . 
 
 962 
 
 health cordial, 
 
 1038 
 
 extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 ferri, 
 
 962 
 
 iron, .... 
 
 IIIQ 
 
 Trilliin 
 
 733 
 
 ferri, redacti, . . 
 
 962 
 
 malt 
 
 612 
 
 Trillium, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 glycyrrhizK et opii 
 
 963 
 
 malt hop, . . . 
 
 612 
 
 Trimethylamina, 
 
 132 
 
 ipecacuanha, . 
 
 963 
 
 nervine, . . . 
 
 IO99 
 
 Trimethylamine, 
 
 132 
 
 krameriee, . . . 
 
 963 
 
 system renovator, 
 
 IO4O 
 
 hydrochlorate, 
 
 133 
 
 sodii bicarbonatis, 
 
 966 
 
 vermifuge, . . . 
 
 1122 
 
 Trinitro-cellulin, 
 
 722 
 
 magnesia?, . 
 
 964 
 
 Tonics, hair, . 
 
 IO83 
 
 Triosteum perfoliatum, 
 
 mentha; piperita?, 
 
 964 
 
 proprietary, 
 
 IIl8 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 morphinae, . 
 
 964 
 
 Tonka, essence, . 
 
 418 
 
 Trioxide of nitrogen, 
 
 635 
 
 et ipecacuanha, 
 
 964 
 
 extract 
 
 418 
 
 Triple extracts from 
 
 
 opii 
 
 965 
 
 fl. extract, . 
 
 46I 
 
 pomades, . . 
 
 "5i 
 
 potassii. chloratis, 
 
 965 
 
 oil 
 
 642 
 
 phosphates syrup, 
 
 847 
 
 santonini, . . . 
 
 965 
 
 Tonqua ext. for per., 
 
 "53 
 
 Tripoli, .... 
 
 1182 
 
 zingiberis, . 
 
 966 
 
 Tooth-ache remedies, 
 
 1120 
 
 Tris-nitrate of bis- 
 
 
 Trommer's test, . 
 
 734 
 
 cement, . . . 
 
 "93 
 
 muth, . . . 
 
 197 
 
 Tropical fruit, lax'tive 
 
 1052 
 
 cream, almond, . 
 
 "37 
 
 Tri-sulphide of arsenic, 1 79 
 
 Trumpet creeper, fl. 
 
 
 paste, charcoal, . 
 
 1138 
 
 Trityl, ... 85 
 
 713 
 
 extract, . 
 
 476 
 
 paste, cherry, . 
 
 1138 
 
 Triticum repens, fl. 
 
 
 Tuberose ext., triple, 
 
 1152 
 
 for metal tubes, 
 
 1138 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 477 
 
 Tucum oil, . . 642, 654 
 
 paste, odontine, . 
 
 1138 
 
 Trituration of aconi- 
 
 
 Tulip tree, fl. ext., . 
 
 462 
 
 paste, saponaceous 
 
 1138 
 
 tine, .... 
 
 104 
 
 Tully's wine and conium 
 
 pastes, .... 
 
 1138 
 
 elaterin, . 
 
 957 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 629 
 
 powder, 
 
 1138 
 
 Triturates compress'd 
 
 872 
 
 powder, 
 
 718 
 
 camphorated, . 
 
 1 139 
 
 Trituratio elaterini," 
 
 956 
 
 Tungstate of sodium, 
 
 967 
 
 carbolic, . . . 
 
 "39 
 
 Triturationes, 
 
 956 
 
 Tungstates, . 
 
 967 
 
 cinchona, . . 
 
 "39 
 
 Triturations, general 
 
 
 Tungsten, 
 
 967 
 
 quinine, . . . 
 
 "39 
 
 formula for, 
 
 956 
 
 Tungstic acid, 
 
 967 
 
 rose 
 
 "39 
 
 homoeopathic, 
 
 957 
 
 glue, .... 
 
 967 
 
 saponaceous, . 
 
 "39 
 
 Trix, . . . . 
 
 435 
 
 Turkey corn comp. 
 
 
 powders, 
 
 "38 
 
 Troches, . . 871, 
 
 95i 
 
 syrup, 
 
 827 
 
 tablets 
 
 "39 
 
 bicarb, of sodi'm, 
 
 966 
 
 corn or pea, fl. ex- 
 
 
 wash arnica, . 
 
 "37 
 
 bismuth, 
 
 961 
 
 tract, . 468 
 
 487 
 
 balsamic, 
 
 "37 
 
 catechu, 
 
 961 
 
 corn, tincture, 
 
 948 
 
 carbolated, . 
 
 "37 
 
 chalk 
 
 962 
 
 red, 
 
 875 
 
 oriental, . 
 
 1136 
 
 chlorate of potassi'm, 965 
 
 Turlington's balsam, 
 
 1035 
 
 saponaceous, . 
 
 1136 
 
 chloride of ammon. 
 
 961 
 
 Turmeric, fl. ext., . 
 
 461 
 
 washes and cos's.. 
 
 1136 
 
 compressed, . . 
 
 872 
 
 paper, . 
 
 232 
 
 Tormentil, fl. ext., 469, 476 
 
 cough, .... 
 
 1068 
 
 tincture, 
 
 950 
 
 Tormentilla, fl ext., 
 
 476 
 
 cubeb 
 
 962 
 
 Turneria, fl. extract, 
 
 462 
 
 Townsend's mixture, 
 
 630 
 
 ginger 
 
 966 
 
 wine, .... 
 
 IOIO 
 
 Tracing paper, . 
 
 232 
 
 ipecac, .... 
 
 963 
 
 Turner's cerate, . . 
 
 223 
 
 Tragacantha, 
 
 727 
 
 iron 
 
 962 
 
 Turnip, wild, fluid 
 
 
 Tragacanth glycerite, 
 
 5i8 
 
 krameria, . 
 
 963 
 
 extract, . . 465 
 
 487 
 
 gum, .... 
 
 727 
 
 liquorice and opium 
 
 963 
 
 Turpentine, . 
 
 662 
 
 mucilage, . 
 
 632 
 
 magnesia, . 
 
 964 
 
 acetic acid linim't, 
 
 546 
 
 powder compound, 
 
 719 
 
 morphine, . 
 
 964 
 
 balsam, . . 182 
 
 186 
 
 Trailing arbutus, fl. 
 
 
 morph. and ipecac, 
 
 964 
 
 Canada, . . . 
 
 663 
 
 extract, . 
 
 474 
 
 opium, .... 
 
 965 
 
 Chian, .... 
 
 663 
 
 Transfer varnish, 
 
 1 192 
 
 peppermint, 
 
 964 
 
 confection, . . 
 
 259 
 
 cement, 
 
 "93 
 
 reduced iron, . 
 
 962 
 
 emulsion, . . . 
 
 407 
 
 Transparent cement, 
 
 1 164 
 
 rhatany, 
 
 963 
 
 gum, . . . 182 
 
 662 
 
 soap, .... 
 
 744 
 
 santonin, . 
 
 965 
 
 Hungarian, 
 
 663 
 
 Treacle, .... 
 
 874 
 
 tannic acid, 
 
 961 
 
 liniment, . . . 
 
 546 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1281 
 
 Turpentine oil, 
 
 • 65t 
 
 Unguentum, iodinii, 
 
 982 
 
 oil rectified, 
 
 • 651 
 
 iodoformi, . . . 
 
 983 
 
 ointment, . 
 
 • 99° 
 
 kalii jodata, . . 
 
 986 
 
 soap, . . 
 
 • 744 
 
 leniens, .... 
 
 972 
 
 "spirits," . 
 
 . 651 
 
 mezerei, 
 
 983 
 
 Strasbourg, 
 
 651, 663 
 
 paraffini, . . . 
 
 984 
 
 Venice, . 
 
 651, 663 
 
 petrolatum, 
 
 969 
 
 white pine, 
 
 . 662 
 
 picis liquidoe, . 
 
 984 
 
 Turpeth, minera 
 
 , ■ 530 
 
 plumbi, . . . 
 
 9S4 
 
 Tussilagino syru 
 
 3, • 823 
 
 acetatis, . . . 
 
 984 
 
 Tussilago, fl. extract, 476 
 
 carbonatis, . 
 
 9S5 
 
 Twin leaf, fl. extract, 475 
 
 iodidi, . . . 
 
 9S5 
 
 Type-metal, . 
 
 • 156 
 
 tannici, . 
 
 9S6 
 
 
 
 potassii iodidi, . 
 
 986 
 
 
 
 potassne sulphurate, 986 
 
 U 
 
 
 resinne, .... 
 rosmarini composi- 
 
 987 
 
 Ulmus fulva, fl. 
 
 act., 476 
 
 tum, .... 
 
 987 
 
 Umbellaria, fl. e 
 
 n., 476 
 
 sabinre, . . . 
 
 987 
 
 Umbelliferone, 
 
 • 729 
 
 simplex, 
 
 968 
 
 Unguenta, 
 
 ■ 967 
 
 staphisagrhe, . 
 
 988 
 
 Unguentum, . 
 
 . 968 
 
 stramonii, . . . 
 
 988 
 
 acidi borici, 
 
 • 969 
 
 sulphuris, . 
 
 988 
 
 carbolici, 
 
 • 9 6 9 
 
 alkalinum . 
 
 989 
 
 gallici, 
 
 • 970 
 
 iodidi, 
 
 989 
 
 salicylici, 
 
 • 970 
 
 tabaci 
 
 9S9 
 
 tannici, . 
 
 • 97o 
 
 tartari stibiati, 
 
 97i 
 
 aconitin.e, . 
 
 ■ 97i 
 
 terebinthin.e, . 
 
 990 
 
 antimonii tarta 
 
 rati, 971 
 
 veratriniu, . 
 
 990 
 
 aquce rosae, 
 
 • 971 
 
 zinci oleati, 
 
 991 
 
 atropine. . 
 
 ■ 972 
 
 oxidi, . . . 
 
 991 
 
 belladonse, . 
 
 • 972 
 
 Union salad oil, 
 
 638 
 
 benzoini, 
 
 • 973 
 
 Unicorn, fluid ex- 
 
 
 calamine, 
 
 • 974 
 
 tract, . . 473 
 
 ,487 
 
 cantharidis, 
 
 • 974 
 
 false 11. ext., 462 
 
 487 
 
 cereum, 
 
 • 974 
 
 Universal balm, . . 
 
 186 
 
 cerussae, 
 
 • 985 
 
 balsam, . 
 
 186 
 
 campb 
 
 or'm, 985 
 
 plaster 
 
 386 
 
 cetacei, . 
 
 • 975 
 
 Unofficial ointments, 
 
 99i 
 
 chrysarobini. 
 
 • 975 
 
 tinctures, [operct. 
 
 945 
 
 creasoti, . . 
 
 • 975 
 
 15 per cent., 
 
 947 
 
 diachylon, . . 
 
 • 976 
 
 20 per cent., 
 
 947 
 
 elemi, 
 
 • 976 
 
 Upper ten extract, . 
 
 [I56 
 
 eucalypti, . 
 
 • 976 
 
 Uranium, . . . 
 
 <)')4 
 
 fascum, . . 
 
 • 992 
 
 chlorides, . 
 
 994 
 
 galke, . . . 
 
 • 977 
 
 oxides, .... 
 
 994 
 
 cum opio, . 
 
 • 977 
 
 Urea 
 
 994 
 
 erini, . 
 
 ■ 977 
 
 nitrate 
 
 994 
 
 plambi Bubace- 
 
 Urechites suberecta, 
 
 
 tatis, . . 
 
 • 978 
 
 Raid extract, 
 
 
 bydrargyri, 
 
 . 978 
 
 1 Iretbral suppositories, 787 
 
 allium, . 
 
 ■ 979 
 
 1 He acid, .... 
 
 OQ4 
 
 ammoniati, . 
 
 • <>:■> 
 
 Ursina 
 
 641 
 
 compositum, 
 
 ■ <>:•> 
 
 1 nil a dioica, fluid 
 
 
 iodidi rubri, 
 
 
 extract, . . . 
 
 476 
 
 nitratis, . . 
 
 . .,-'i 
 
 ■ may. lis, fl. 
 
 
 dilutium, . 
 
 <j8 r 
 
 extract, , 
 
 476 
 
 oxidi flavi, . 
 
 ■,-1 
 
 Uva ursi, fluid rx- 
 
 
 rubri. . . 
 
 
 trad 
 
 472 
 
 rubrtun, . 
 
 . 982 
 
 1 'va ursi Infusion, . 
 
 
 subchloridl, 
 
 . 982 
 
 Uvalaria, perfoliate. 
 
 
 [odi 
 
 . 982 
 
 iluid extract, 
 
 4'") 
 
 Vaccinum crassifo- 
 
 lium, fl. ext., . 476 
 
 Vaginal suppositories, 788 
 
 Valerian, abstract, . 49 
 
 American, fl. ext., 460 
 
 elixir 372 
 
 extract, . . . 450 
 
 fluid extract, . . 476 
 
 infusion, . . . 538 
 
 oil 651 
 
 syrup, .... 824 
 tincture, . . . 941 
 tinct. ammoniated, 942 
 etherial, . . . 942 
 Valerianate of am- 
 monium, . . 14S 
 elixir, ... 373 
 with chloral hy- 
 drate elixir, . 373 
 iron elixir, . . 374 
 morphine elixir, 374 
 quinine elixir, . 374 
 strychnine elixir, 375 
 
 amyl 151 
 
 bismuth, . . . 197 
 
 iron, . . . 511 
 
 iron elixir, . 375 
 
 morphine, . . 122 
 
 morphine elixir, . 375. 
 
 quinine, . . . 129. 
 
 quinine elixir, . 375 
 
 sodium, . . . 756- 
 
 strychnine elixir, . 376 
 
 zinc 1020- 
 
 zinc elixir, . . }'<• 
 
 Valerianic acid, . 56, 75 
 
 Vallet's mass, . . 616 
 \ anadateof ammon'm,i50< 
 Vanadinate of amnion. ,995 
 
 Vanadium, 995. 
 
 hair dye, . . 1 14 1 
 
 ink 99S 
 
 Vanilla essence, . . 419 
 
 extract. . . . 418 
 
 extract concent rated, 420 
 
 fortified, 420 
 
 vanillin, . . . 995 
 
 iluid extract, .419, 481 > 
 
 f..r perfumes, . . 1 154 
 
 plant, fl. extract, . 475 
 syrup, . . - ) 1. §64 
 
 tincture, 942 
 
 tonka extract. . 4J.. 
 
 Vanillin 99s 
 
 di hydro, \ - 
 anici. . . 
 
 carbolic add, . 
 
 chlori 996 
 
 coninae 996 
 
 loti, . . 996 
 
1282 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Vapor iodi, 
 
 menthol, 
 
 nitrate of amyl, 
 
 olei pini sylvestri; 
 
 terebene, . 
 
 thymol, . 
 Vapors, . . . 
 Vapores, . . . 
 Varnish asphaltum 
 black, 
 
 balsam, China, 
 
 balsam, Japan, 
 
 carriage, 
 
 copal, 
 
 crystal, . . . 
 
 demar, . . . 
 
 furniture, . 
 
 glass, 
 
 label, . . . 
 
 map, 
 
 sealing wax, 
 
 shellac, . 
 
 spirit, 
 
 transfer, 
 
 wax, 
 V T arnishes, 
 Vaseline. . 
 
 carbolized, . 
 Vegetable alkali, 
 
 drugs, . 
 
 healing balsam, 
 
 oils, .... 
 
 preserving solution 
 
 Velpeau's diarrhcea 
 
 mixture, . 
 
 67 
 
 Venetian red, 
 Venice turp. , . 
 
 turp., factitious 
 Veratria, . 
 Veratrina. . 
 Veratrin, . 
 Veratrine, 
 
 oleate, . 
 
 ointment, 
 Veratrum viride elixir 
 
 album, fl. extract,. 
 
 sabadilla, fl. ext., 
 
 90 
 996 
 996 
 996 
 996 
 996 
 995 
 995 
 
 724 
 182 
 182 
 1 193 
 1 193 
 1 193 
 "93 
 "93 
 "93 
 1 192 
 "93 
 "93 
 
 IIQ2 
 1 192 
 II92 
 
 "93 
 1192 
 
 , 934 
 
 969 
 
 98 
 
 19 
 
 1035 
 
 642 
 
 . 590 
 
 629 
 
 512 
 651, 663 
 663 
 133 
 133 
 733 
 133 
 05b 
 990 
 376 
 469 
 462 
 
 viride, fl. ext., 460, 4S7 
 
 viride tincture, 
 Verbascum thapsus 
 
 fluid extract, 
 Verbena essence, 
 
 hastata, fl. ext., 
 
 oil, .... 
 Verdigris, . . . 
 
 cerate, . . . . 
 
 plaster, . 
 
 ointment, . . 
 Vermifuge, . 1123 
 
 tea, . . . 
 
 tonic, 
 
 suppositories, 
 
 943 
 
 476 
 1152 
 476 
 653 
 265 
 225 
 394 
 992 
 1124 
 1125 
 1122 
 790 
 
 Vermilion, . . . 531 
 
 Vervain, fluid ext., 476 
 
 Veterinary liniment, 1098 
 
 ointment, . . . 1106 
 
 Viburnum, comp., 11 30 
 
 dentatum, fl. ext., 476 
 
 opulus, fl. ext., . 469 
 
 prunifolium, fluid 
 
 extract, . . 467, 487 
 
 Viburnin, .... 733 
 
 Vichy water, solution, 871 
 
 Vienna draught 
 
 paste, . . . 
 
 yeast, . . . 
 Vigor hair, . . 
 Vin aromatique, . 
 Vina, .... 
 Vinegar, . 
 
 aromatic, . . 5 
 
 bitters, . 
 
 bloodroot, . 
 
 cantharides, 
 
 colchicum, . 
 
 digitalis, 
 
 lobelia, . 
 
 opium, . 
 
 rouge, . 
 
 squill, . . . 
 Vinegarettes, 
 Vinegars. . 
 
 toilet, . . . 
 Vinous tincture c 
 
 rhubarb, 
 Vinum album 
 
 album fortius, 
 
 aloes, . . . 
 
 antimoniale, . 
 
 antimonii, . 
 
 aromaticum, . 
 
 aurantii, . . 
 
 camphoratum, 
 
 Chinas, . 
 
 colchici radicis, 
 
 colchici seminis, 
 
 ergotas, . 
 
 ferri, . . . 
 
 ferri amarum, . 
 
 ferri citratis, . 
 
 ipecacuanha?, . 
 
 opii, . . ■ . . 
 
 oporto, . 
 
 pepsini, . 
 
 quinine, .... 
 
 rhei 
 
 rubrum, . . 
 
 stibiatum, . 
 
 xericum, 
 Viola tricolor, fl. ext 
 Violet, 
 
 black ink, . 
 
 extract, . 
 
 extract, triple, 
 
 536 
 
 "95 
 49 3 
 
 1081 
 
 999 
 
 997 
 
 5i 
 
 1161 
 
 1043 
 54 
 52 
 52 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 
 "33 
 55 
 
 1 160 
 50 
 
 1161 
 
 936 
 997 
 997 
 998 
 999 
 998 
 
 999 
 999 
 1000 
 1000 
 1000 
 1001 
 
 IOOI 
 IOOI 
 
 1002 
 1002 
 1003 
 1003 
 997 
 1004 
 1004 
 1005 
 1005 
 
 999 
 1005 
 476 
 252 
 1174 
 1156 
 1152 
 
 Violet ink perfumed, 1173 
 mouth water, . . 1140 
 
 oil 654 
 
 satchet, . . . .1159 
 syrup, . . . 828, 864 
 toilet powder, . .1136 
 water, . . .1158 
 
 Virgin oil, . . . 639 
 scammony. . . 729 
 Virginia creeper, fl. 
 
 extract, . . 469, 473 
 Visceral elixir, Boer- 
 have's, . . . 380 
 Hoffman's, . . 381 
 Viscum album, fl. ext., 476 
 Vitalized wine, . . 1012 
 Vitrified antimony, . 160 
 Vitriol elixir, . . 73 
 
 oil, 781 
 
 white, . . . 1015 
 
 Vittie-vayr tincture, 947 
 Vogler's acid elixir, 380 
 Volatile liniment, . 543 
 oils, ... . 642 
 
 Volumetric test so- 
 lutions, . . . 584 
 Volumetric solution bi- 
 
 chrom.of potas.,584 
 hypophos. of sod., 585 
 iodine, . . . 585 
 nitrate of silver, 585 
 oxalic acid, . . 585 
 soda, . . . . 585 
 Volumetric solutions, 584 
 Vulnerary spirit, . 772 
 
 w 
 
 Wafer ash, fluid ex- 
 tract, . . . 469, 4S7 
 Wahoo bark, fluid 
 
 extract, . .469, 487 
 
 bitters 1038 
 
 elixir 325 
 
 extract 446 
 
 Walnut oil, . . . 662 
 
 hair oil, . . . 1142 
 
 Walrus oil, . . 642 
 
 Warburg's tincture, 951 
 
 Warming plaster, . 389 
 
 Warner's gout cordial, 936 
 
 Wash, black, . . . 596 
 
 Fuller's leg, . . 597 
 
 hair, .... 1084 
 
 yellow, .... 596 
 
 Washing crystal or 
 
 powder, . . .1170 
 
 fluid, .... 1 169 
 
 precipitates, . . 44 
 
 Watchmaker's oil, . 639 
 
 Water of ammonia, 143 
 
 ammonia, stronger, 144 
 
1283 
 
 468 
 
 4 62 
 
 Water of anise, . 
 Apollinaris, 
 barata, . . . 
 bath percolation, 
 bath percolator, 
 bitter almond, 
 camphor, . 
 caraway, 
 carbolic acid, . 
 Carlsbad, . 
 cherry laurel, . 
 chloroform, 
 chlorine, . . 2 
 cologne, 
 Congress, . 
 creasote, 
 cinnamon, . 
 
 dill 
 
 distilled. . . 
 elder flower, 
 eryngo, fl. ext., 
 fennel, . . . 
 fennel, fl. ext., 
 Florida, . . 
 Friedricshall. . 
 glass, . . . 
 Hunyadi Janos, 
 Javelle, . . 56 
 Ki^sc-ngen. 
 lavender, . 
 lead, . . 
 lime, . . 
 lime, stronger 
 lithia, . . 
 orange flower, 
 pepper, fl. ext. ,46 
 peppermint, 
 pimento, 
 plantain oil, 
 potash, . 
 proof blacking, 
 proof glue, . 
 Pullna, . . 
 
 Pyrmont, . . 
 
 rose, . . 
 
 Seltzer, . . 
 
 Spa 
 
 spearmint, 
 tar, .... 
 
 Vi< hy, . 
 violet, . 
 
 wintergreen, . 
 Watermelon seed.fl 
 Waters, med 
 
 by distillation, 
 
 eye 
 
 by Kltration or per 
 eolation, . 
 
 by solution, 
 
 mouth, . 
 
 other, . . 
 
 toilet, . . 
 
 40 
 
 164 
 
 B68 
 
 18S 
 ,438 
 41 
 163 
 i6 S 
 r66 
 165 
 686 
 16S 
 166 
 5. 552 
 770 
 868 
 167 
 166 
 164 
 167 
 171 
 .487 
 167 
 , 469 
 1158 
 869 
 567 
 869 
 7, 558 
 869 
 1158 
 5»4 
 551 
 397 
 560 
 164 
 5.487 
 169 
 170 
 654 
 565 
 11- 
 ubs 
 870 
 870 
 170 
 870 
 870 
 i' 1 
 169 
 
 M-- 
 168 
 
 x-474 
 l6l 
 [6l 
 
 1075 
 
 Wax. bay, 
 bottle, . 
 Carnauba, 
 earth, 
 emulsion, 
 gilding, 
 Japan, , 
 laundry, 
 mineral, 
 modeling, 
 moustache, 
 myrtle, . 
 ointment, 
 palm, fluid 
 paraffin, 
 plaster, . 
 sealing, 
 varnish, 
 white, . 
 yellow, . 
 
 Waxed paper 
 
 Waxes, 
 
 216 
 216 
 4 o3 
 216 
 216 
 IIS2 
 216 
 2l6 
 
 "45 
 
 215 
 974 
 extract, 468 
 216 
 394 
 216 
 "93 
 215 
 214 
 232 
 214 
 
 767 
 
 [62 
 
 161 
 II40 
 
 '7' 
 1 [62 
 
 Weights and measures, 10 
 Weingist, 
 Weingeist verdiinnter, 92 
 West India copal, 
 Whale oil, 
 soap, . 
 Wheat whisky 
 Whey, . . '. 
 
 alum, 
 Whisky, . . 
 
 artificial, 
 
 blends, . . 
 
 bourbon, 
 
 bourbon essence 
 
 Irish, . . 
 
 malt, . . 
 
 rye, . . . 
 
 rye essence, 
 
 Scotch, . . 
 
 wheat, . . 
 White of egg, 
 
 elixir, 
 
 ink, . . . 
 
 lead plaster, 
 
 pine pitch, . 
 syrup, comp 
 tincture, 1064, 952 
 
 turpentine, 662, 694 
 
 Whiting, . 
 Wickersheim's sol. 
 
 724 
 641 
 743 
 1189 
 542 
 138 
 11 89 
 11S9 
 1 1 89 
 
 1 189 
 1189 
 
 1 190 
 1 190 
 11S9 
 1 1 90 
 
 IIQO 
 
 II89 
 
 83 
 
 367 
 
 "77 
 385 
 694 
 
 1064 
 
 precipitate, 
 ointment, 
 
 root, fluid extract 
 tract, . 
 
 vitriol, . . . 
 
 wax, 
 
 wine, 
 
 artificial, 
 stronger, 
 wines, . 
 Whitewood, fl, ext. 
 
 524 
 979 
 461 
 [156 
 
 M5 
 
 997 
 
 11-' 
 
 ii- 
 162 
 
 206 
 11S4 
 
 Wickup, fl. ext., 474, 487 
 
 Wiener trank, . . 536 
 
 Wild cherry bitters, 439 
 
 extract, . . 439 
 
 elixir, . . . 376 
 
 compound. . 37 S 
 
 detannated, . 376 
 
 ferrated, . . 377 
 
 fcrriphosphat'd.377 
 
 ferrophosphor- 
 
 ated, . . 37S 
 
 essence, . . . 434 
 
 extract, distilled, 452 
 
 fluid extract, . 478 
 
 fl. ext. comp., . 4S5 
 
 fl. ext., detannat, 481 
 
 infusion, . . 535 
 
 and iron wine, . 1013 
 
 syrup, . .810, 853 
 
 syrup, comp., . 1065 
 
 tar cough syrup, 1064 
 
 wine, . . . 1013 
 
 Wild ginger, ext. for 
 
 perfumes, . .1154 
 
 oil 653 
 
 olive, extract, . .1156 
 indigo, . . 461, 487 
 lettuce, fl. ext., . 475 
 turnip, fl. ext., . 465 
 violet, fl. ext., . 476 
 yam, fl. ext., . . 461 
 Willow black, fl. ext., 469 
 herb, fl. ext., . . 474 
 white, fl. ext., . 469 
 Wine of aloes, . . 998 
 antimony, . . 998 
 
 antiscrobutic, . . 1014 
 aromatic, . 999, 1006 
 
 beef 1007 
 
 beef anil iron. . 1007 
 beef, iron and cin- 
 chona, . . . 100S 
 bitters, restorative, 1014 
 calisaya, . . . 1008 
 calisaya, iron and 
 
 strychnine, . , toog 
 camphor, . . . n*>o 
 1 inchona, . 1000, 1008 
 cinchona and iron. 1008 
 1 inchona, iron and 
 strychnine, . . 1009 
 
 citrate ol iron, . 1002 
 
 coca i 1 "", 
 
 colchicUm seed, 1001 
 
 colchicum root, . 1 
 
 color jvj 
 
 1 omfre] ip., , 1014 
 
 cotton root, , toio 
 
 damiana, . . . toio 
 
 ergot ion 
 
1284 
 
 Wine erythroxylon, 2009 
 essences, or ext's, 1186 
 gentian compound, 1014 
 golden seal comp , 1014 
 gossypium, . . 1010 
 hellebore comp., 1014 
 
 high 88 
 
 ipecac, .... 1003 
 iron, . . 1001, 1010 
 iron, bitter, 1002, 
 
 . . . . 1008, 1014 
 iron and pepsin, 1012 
 iron and wild ch'ry, 1013 
 malt, . . . . 613 
 oil of, heavy, . . 82 
 opium, .... 1003 
 orange, .... 999 
 pancreatin, . . 1011 
 pepsin, . . 104, ion 
 pepsin and iron, 1012 
 prepared, . . . 1006 
 quinine, . . . 1004 
 red, . ... 1005 
 
 red, artificial, . .1186 
 rhubarb, . . . 1005 
 sherry, .... 1005 
 spirit of. . . . 88 
 spirit of, rectified, 88 
 
 syrups 864 
 
 tar 1012 
 
 tonic, bitter, . . 1014 
 Turneria, . . . ioro 
 vitalized, . . . IOI2 
 white, artificial, . 1186 
 wild cherry, . . 1013 
 wild cherry and 
 iron, .... 1013 
 
 Wines, . . 997, 1184 
 artificial, . . . 1186 
 of drugs, . . . 1014 
 improvement of, . n 85 
 and liquors, . . 1184 
 
 red 1185 
 
 white 1 185 
 
 Wintera or Winter's 
 
 bark, fl. extract, 462 
 
 Wintergreeness., 415.767 
 extract, soluble, . 425 
 fluid extract, . . 474 
 
 oil, 648 
 
 syrup, . . . S64 
 syrup soda water, 425 
 water 168 
 
 Witch-hazel ext. dis. , 452 
 fluid extract, . 474, 478 
 
 Witherite, ... 187 
 
 Wizard balm, . . 1033 
 liniment, . . . 1095 
 
 Wolfram, .... 967 
 
 Wolfratnium, . . 967 
 
 Wood alcohol, 85, 86. 95 
 anemone, fl. ext., 473 
 
 Wood charcoal, . . 212 
 Woodchuck oil, . . 641 
 Wood naphtha, . 95, 772 
 
 naphtha, Hastings, 772 
 
 oil, .... 182, 663 
 
 soot ointment, . 992 
 
 spirit, .... 772 
 
 tea 758 
 
 Woods 22 
 
 Wool fat, . . .641, 968 
 Women's health re- 
 storative, 
 Working processes, 
 Worm con. powder, 
 
 killer, . . 
 
 lozenges, . 
 
 medicines, . 
 
 powder, 
 Wormseed oil, 
 
 fluid extract, 
 Worm syrup, 
 
 syrup, standard, 
 
 tablets, . . . 
 
 tea, .... 
 Wormwood essence, 
 
 extract, . 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 oil, . . . 
 
 tincture, 
 Writing fluid, 
 
 4" 
 
 1077 
 24 
 1058 
 1122 
 1 124 
 
 1122 
 721 
 647 
 , 462 
 1123 
 1123 
 1124 
 1125 
 416 
 
 443 
 473 
 653 
 881 
 1174 
 
 Xanthoxylin, . 732, 733 
 Xanthium strumari- 
 
 um, fluid extract, 469 
 spinosum, fl. ext., 469 
 Xanthoxylum, bark, 
 
 fluid extract, . 460 
 berries, fl. ext., . 462 
 
 Xylol 694 
 
 Xylene 180 
 
 Yam, wild, fl. ext., . 461 
 
 Yarrow, fl. extract, 473 
 
 oil 653 
 
 Yeast 498 
 
 Vienna, . . . 498 
 
 Yellow coloring, . 248 
 
 chrome, . . . 698 
 
 dock, fl. ext., .472, 484 
 
 dock syrup, comp., 829 
 ink, . . . 1 1 73 
 
 jasmine elixir, . 326 
 
 jasmine, fl. ext., . 460 
 
 jasmine tincture, . 909 
 
 lemon, .... 698 
 
 mercurial lotion, . 596 
 
 Yellow mercuric oxide, 528 
 oxide of mercury, 528 
 parilla, fl. extract, 465 
 root, fluid extract, 469 
 soap, .... 742 
 subsulphate of mer.,530 
 wash, .... 596 
 
 wax 214 
 
 Yerba buena, fl. ext., 462 
 
 mansa, fl. extract, 465 
 
 reuma, fl. ext., 474, 487 
 
 santa elixir, . . 378 
 
 elixir, compound, 379 
 
 fluid extract, 461, 4S7 
 
 glycerite, comp., 522 
 
 syrup, arom'c.829,830 
 
 syrup, comp., . 829 
 
 Ylang ylang essence, 1153 
 
 extract, . .1155 
 
 oil 653 
 
 sachet, . . .1159 
 Yolk of egg glycerite, 519 
 Youth, bloom of, . n 33 
 
 Zanthorrhiza, fl. ext. 
 
 Zedoaria, or zedoary, 
 
 fluid extract, 
 
 tincture, 
 Zedoary oil, . 
 
 tincture, comp., . 
 Zimmet syrup, . . 
 Zinc, 
 
 amyl 
 
 bromide, 
 
 carbonate, precip., 
 
 chloride, . . . 
 etherate, 
 
 solution, 
 cyanide, 
 
 ethyl 
 
 ferrocyanide, . 
 granulated, . . 
 
 iodide 
 
 lactate, . . . ; 
 methyl, .... 
 ointment, . 
 oleate, .... 
 
 liquid, . . . 
 
 ointment, . . 
 
 oxide 
 
 phosphide, 
 potassium cyanide, 
 salicylate, . 
 sulphate, . . . 
 sulphocarbo late, 
 .... 782, 
 tartrate, 
 valerianate, 
 
 elixir, 
 
 469 
 
 462 
 
 947 
 
 653 
 
 952 
 
 798 
 
 1015 
 
 102 1 
 
 1016 
 
 1016 
 
 1017 
 
 81 
 
 568 
 
 1020 
 
 1021 
 
 1021 
 
 1020 
 
 1018 
 
 1021 
 
 1021 
 
 991 
 
 659 
 
 659 
 
 991 
 
 1018 
 
 1018 
 
 1021 
 
 1021 
 
 1019 
 
 1019 
 1021 
 1020 
 376 
 
^^m 
 
 M 
 
 in 
 
 ■ 
 
 mm 
 
 in 
 
 ■ 
 
 m 
 
 m/'j':