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 K E Y 
 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE QUESTIONS 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 FOR 
 
 
 I SHAW'S HISTORY 
 
 1 
 
 - ; 
 
 OF 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA, 
 
 NEW-YORK 
 
 PUDUSHED BY COLLINS AND HANNAY, 
 
 And. Sold hi/ 
 
 F. BeaumoiiJ,iNa{ciiez, Mis«. ; W. W. Worsiey, LnuisvilJr, Ky.; 
 VVm, T. VVilliarns. SfiVKriM;.!), 'i^o. ; RlclJiird- & Gaiinlil. Au- 
 g??su, Ceci. ; J, J. M'CarlPr, CllHrIe^{.lrl, S, C. : I). Lii dn- 
 man, Kideiii!!, N. C; C. Botisal, ^•..|•1(.lk, Va. ; J. C. -wan, 
 Pt;t<.Tslwif§h. Va. ; Wm. Williams, Uiica, is. ¥,; O. Meele, 
 Albany. N. Y. i K. Feck <& Co., Rochester, N. Y. : Bems A- 
 Ward, CMnantiaigiia, ^i.Y.; Day, Follt-tt & Haskiri?, Biiffa> 
 In; iS. Wells, Uetro'.t ; J.B.Baldwin, Bri.dgep»)it, Conn.; 
 D<!rrie &, Peck, New Havwn, Cf)nu. ; H. Howe, New Haven, 
 Coun. ; D. F. R«*i>»ns<)ri k. Co.; iHnrifoid, C«nn,; Wm. 
 Bolles, New London; A. S. Beckwith, Piovidence, R. I. ; 
 Brewer &i W:Ic<>x. Providence, R. L; Abr. Shearman, Jim. 
 & Co., New Bedioi^, Mass,; S. Butler &j Son, Norliianipton, 
 
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 1831. 
 
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• v< 
 
 
KEY 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE QUESTIONS 
 
 FOB 
 
 GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 COUJLNS & HANNAY» No. 230 PEARL STREET, AND 
 COLLINS & CO. No. 117 MATOEN LANE. 
 
 1831. 
 
r; 
 
 Hnteicelr according to the ^ct of ©ongrcss in the year 1831, 
 by William Grimshaw, in the Clerk's Office of the District Comt 
 of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
KEY. 
 
 ijCTTAfi figures in the first column denote the number of the Answer^ 
 corresponding with the Question ; those in the second^ refer to the 
 page of the History, from which the answer is framed. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 A. P. 
 
 i. 9. The polarity of the magnet 
 
 2. 10. It cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. 
 
 3. 10. Gioia, a Neapolitan. 
 
 4. 10. In the year 1302. 
 
 5. 10. About 1180. 
 
 6. 11. Christopher Columbus. 
 
 7. 11. At Genoa. 
 
 8. 11, A. D. 1435. 
 1). 11. Two. 
 
 10. 11. Bartholomew and Diego. 
 
 11. 11. Fourteen. 
 
 12. 12. To discover a passage to the East Indies. 
 
 13. 12^ By steering towards the south, and turning 
 
 to the east when they had reached the 
 southern extremity of Africa. 
 
 14. 12. By sailing directly towards the west, across 
 
 the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 15. 12. Its spherical figure was known ; and its mag- 
 
 nitude, with some degree of accuracy, as- 
 certained. 
 J 6. 12, That it might be circumnavigated. 
 
 3 
 
4 
 A. p. 
 
 17. 13. Genoa. 
 
 18. 13. The King of Portugal 
 
 19. 14. Ferdinand and Isabella, sovereigns of Spain. 
 
 20. 14. On the seventeenth of April, 1492. 
 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 21. 15. The port of Palos, a small maritime town in 
 
 the province of Andalusia. 
 
 22. 15. Three brothers,, named Pinzon. 
 
 23. 15. Three. 
 
 24. 15. Two of them were light barques, called car- 
 
 avels, not superior to river and coasting 
 craft of the present day; and only one 
 of the three vessels was decked. 
 
 25. 15. Columbus, as admiral. 
 
 26. 15. Martin Alonzo Pinzon; his brother Francis 
 
 being pilot. 
 
 27. 16. Vincent Yanez Pinzon. 
 
 28. 16. On Friday, the third day of August, 1492, a 
 
 little before sun-rise. 
 
 29. 16. The Canaries. 
 SO. 16. About six. 
 
 31. 16. Gomera. 
 
 32. 16. On the sixth of September. 
 
 33. 16. Due west. 
 
 34. 20. On Friday, the twelfth of October, 1492. 
 
 35. 20. An island. 
 
 36. 22. San Salvador. 
 
 37. 22. Guanahani. 
 
5 
 
 A. P. 
 
 38. 22. Cat Island. 
 ;^9. 22. The Bahama Isles. 
 
 40. 22. More than three-thousand miles west. 
 
 41. 21. Thirty-six. 
 
 42. 21. Seventy. 
 
 43. 21. Columbus. 
 
 44. 23. They were very simple ; being in the form 
 
 of a pavilion or high circular tent, con- 
 structed of branches of trees, covered with 
 reeds and palm leaves. 
 
 45. 23. For beds, they had nets of cotton, extended 
 
 between two posts, which they called 
 hamacs. 
 
 46. 24. Cuba. 
 
 47. 24. There seemed to be no four-footed animals, 
 
 except a species of dogs, which could not 
 bark, and a creature resembling a rabbit, 
 but of a much smaller size. 
 
 48. 24. Ornaments of gold. 
 
 49. 25. The potato. 
 
 50. 25. Tobacco. 
 
 51. 20. Martin Alonzo Pinzonc 
 32. 26. Hayti. 
 
 53. 26. Hispaniola. 
 
 54. 26. Hayti and St. Domingo. 
 
 55. 26. A prince or cazique of the country. 
 
 56. 28. Guacanahani. 
 
 57. 28. His vessel was dashed against a rock, and 
 
 sunk. 
 
 58. 2Q. No : the timely assistance of boats from the 
 
 Nigna, enabled the crew to save their 
 lives. 
 
 a2 
 
A. P. 
 
 69. 29. As soon as they heard of the disaster, they 
 crowded to the shore, headed by their 
 prince, Guacanahani, and, instead of taking 
 advantage of the distress in which they 
 beheld the Spaniards, they lamented their 
 misfortune with tears, and assisted them 
 in saving their property from the wreck. 
 
 60. 30. Only one, the smallest of his squadron. 
 
 61. 30. To leave a part of his men in the island, 
 
 that, by residing there, they might learn 
 the language of the natives, examine the 
 nature of the country, search for mines, 
 ^nd prepare for the commodious reception 
 of the colony, with which he proposed to 
 return. 
 
 62. 30/ He offered him the aid of the Spaniards, to 
 
 repel his enemies: he engaged to take 
 him and his people under the protection 
 ■of the powerful monarch whom he served ; 
 and offered to leave in the island as great 
 a number of his men, as would be sufficient, 
 not only to defend the inhabitants against 
 future incursions, but to avenge their past 
 wrongs* 
 
 C3. 31. Yes. 
 
 64: 31. La Navidad, or the Nativity. 
 
 C)D. 31. Because he had landed there on Christma:! 
 day. 
 
 m. 31. Thirty-eight. 
 
 67. 31. Diego de Arado. 
 
 08. 3L To avoid giving ofl^^nce to the natives, by 
 an v violence or exaction ; to cultivate the 
 
friendship of Guacanahani, but not to put 
 themselves in his power, by straggUng in 
 small parties, and marching too far from 
 the fort. 
 
 "69. 81, He promised soon to revisit them, with a rein- 
 forcement of so much strength, as would 
 . enable them to take full possession of that 
 country, 
 
 70« 3L On the fourth of January, 1493, 
 
 71. 31. The Pinta. 
 
 72. 31. They were very different from the gentle 
 
 and pacific people hitherto met by them 
 on this island. The natives here were of 
 a ferocious aspect, and of a turbulent and 
 warlike deportment. 
 
 73. 31. With bows and arrows, clubs, and formidable 
 
 swords, 
 
 74. 32. Their bows were as long as those formerly 
 
 used in England ; their arrows were of 
 slender reeds, pointed with hard wood, and 
 sometimes tipped with bone, or with the 
 tooth of a fish. 
 
 .75. 32, They were of palm-wood, nearly as hard and 
 as heavy as iron; and capable, with one 
 blow, of cleaving througii a helmet, to the 
 very brains. 
 
 76. 33. He wrote on parchment a short account of 
 his voyage, and of the colony left by him 
 at Navidad. Having wrapped this in an 
 oil cloth, which he enclosed in a cake of 
 wax, be put it into a cask, carefully stop- 
 ped, and threw it into the sea. 
 
8 
 A P. 
 
 77. 33. St. Mary's, one of the Azores, or Western Isles- 
 
 78. 83. Portugal. 
 
 79. 33. A^o : not until after a violent contest with the 
 
 governor. 
 
 80. 31. The coast of Spain. 
 
 81. 34. In the river Tagus. 
 
 82. 3i. With merited distinction. The King invited 
 
 him to court, then held at Valparaiso, 
 treated him with the highest respect, and 
 listened to the account of the voyage with 
 admiration, mingled wdth regret. 
 
 83. 34. Only five days. 
 
 84. 34, Palos. . 
 
 85. 34. The fifteenth of March. 
 
 86. 34. Seven months and eleven days, 
 67. 35. At Barcelona. 
 
 88. 35. They invited him, in terms the most respect- 
 
 ful and flattering, to repair immediately to 
 court, that, from his own mouth, they 
 might receive a full narrative of his extra- 
 ordinary achievement. 
 
 89. 36. It resembled a Roman triumph. 
 
 90. 35. The natives of the countries which he had 
 
 discovered. 
 
 %\. 35. The ornaments of gold, fashioned by the rude 
 art of the natives ; the grains of gold found 
 in the mountains, and dust of the same 
 metal, gathered in the rivers. 
 
 92. 35. The various commodities of the new4y dis- 
 covered countries, together with their cu- 
 rious productions. 
 
 ;9a -35, Columbus himself 
 
9 
 
 A. P. 
 
 94. 35. Clad in their royal robes, and seated on a 
 
 magnificent throne. 
 
 95. 36. It was ennobled. 
 
 96. 36. It spread over Europe, and excited general 
 
 attention. 
 
 97. 36. That they were a part of those vast regions 
 
 in Asia, comprehended under the general 
 term of India. 
 
 98. 36. Yes. 
 
 99. 36. India. 
 
 100. 36. Yes: the appellation of West Indies is given, 
 
 by all the people of Europe, to the 
 islands ; and the name of Indians to the 
 aboriginal inhabitants of every portion 
 of the western continent and islands. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 101. 37. An extraordinary spirit of enterprise. 
 
 102. 37. Seventeen. 
 
 103. 37. Fifteen-hundred. 
 
 104 37. Every thing required, either for conquest or 
 colonization. 
 
 105. 38. Father Boyl. 
 
 106. 38, The office of apostolical vicar of the new 
 
 world. 
 
 107. 38. The conversion of the natives to Christianity. 
 
 108. 38. They were baptized with much ceremony. 
 
 109. 38. The king himself, and th'e chief persons of 
 
 his court. 
 
10 
 
 A. P. * 
 
 110. 38. Cadiz. 
 
 111. 38. On the twenty-fifth of September, 1493. 
 
 112. 38. Touching again at the island of Gomera, he 
 
 steered farther towards the south, than 
 in his former voyage. 
 
 113. 38. He enjoyed more steadily the benefit of the 
 
 regular winds which blow within the 
 tropics. 
 
 114. 38. Towards a large cluster of islands, situated 
 
 considerably towards the east of those 
 which he had already discovered. 
 
 115. 38. On the second of November. 
 
 116. 38. The Caribbee or Leeward islands. 
 
 117. 38. Deseada, (the (/ewVeo?.) 
 
 118. 38. On account of the impatience of his crew 
 
 to discover some part of the new world. 
 
 119. 38. Islands, which he named Dominica, Mariga- 
 
 lante, Guadaloupe, Santa Maria la An- 
 tigua, Santa Cruz, and San Juan de 
 Puerto Rico, and several afterwards, 
 scattered in his way, as he advanced 
 towards the north-west. 
 
 120. 39. Because he discovered it on Sunday. 
 
 121. 39. The name of his vessel. 
 
 122. 39. Because he had promised the monks of our 
 
 lady of Gaudaloupe, in Estramadura, to 
 call some newly-discovered place after 
 their convent. 
 
 123. 39. That fierce race of people, whom Guacana- 
 
 hani had painted in so frightful colours. 
 
 124. 41, That none of the thirty-eight men, whom 
 
II 
 
 A- p. 
 
 he had left under the command of Arada, 
 appeared. 
 
 125. 41. All the natives, from whom he might have 
 
 received information, had fled. 
 
 126. 41. The fort was entirely demolished, and the 
 
 tattered garments, together with the 
 broken arms and utensils scattered 
 around, left no doubt respecting the 
 unhappy fate of the garrison. 
 
 127. 41. They threw off all regard for Arada, and 
 
 extended their rapacity and insolence 
 to every corner of the island. 
 
 128. 41. The caziqueofCiboa. 
 
 129. 41. Some of them were slain in defence of the 
 
 fort; the rest perished, in attempting to 
 escape by crossing an arm of the sea. 
 
 130. 41. No : he took arms in their behalf, and, while 
 
 endeavouring to protect them, received 
 a wound, by which he was still confined. 
 181. 42, Like the Greeks and the Romans, they 
 believed in one Supreme Being, who in- 
 habited the skies, and was immortal : 
 like them, they held the existence of in- 
 ferior deities, who performed the office 
 of messengers and mediators through 
 whom they addressed their worship to 
 the great ruler of mankind. 
 
 132. 43. Yes. 
 
 133. 43. Isabella. 
 
 134. 43. Yes. 
 
 135. 43. His patroness, the queen of Castiiev 
 
 136. 43. Cibao. 
 
13 
 
 A. p. 
 
 137. 44. They conceived them to be rational crea- 
 
 tures, and supposed that the horse and 
 the rider formed one animal. 
 
 138. 44. No. 
 
 139. 44. It was either picked up in the beds of the 
 
 rivers, or washed from the mountains by 
 heavy rains. 
 
 140. 44. His brother, Don Diego, aided by a council 
 
 of officers. 
 
 141. 44. On the twenty-fourth of April. 
 
 142. 44. One ship, and two small barks. 
 
 143. 45. Five months. 
 
 144. 45. He made no discovery of importance, except 
 
 the island of Jamaica. 
 
 145. 45. He would have been carried round the 
 
 western extremity of Cuba : his illusion 
 respecting the geographical position of 
 that island, would have been thus dis- 
 pelled, and an entirely different course 
 have been given to his subsequent dis- 
 coveries. 
 
 146. 45, That Cuba was the extremity of the Asiatic 
 
 continent. 
 
 147. 45. On the fourth of September, 
 
 148. 45. His brother Bartholomew. 
 
 149. 46. Thirteen. 
 
 150. 13. To England, to negociate with Henry VIL 
 
 151. 46. In his voyage to England, he was captured 
 
 by pirates ; who, having robbed him of 
 every thing he possessed, detainejd him 
 for many years in captivity. 
 
 152. 46. In drawing and selling maps. 
 
13 
 
 A. P. 
 
 153. 46. With merited respect 
 
 154. 46. Yes. 
 
 155. 46, Paris. 
 
 156. 47. The cazique, Caonabo. 
 
 157. 47. In the central and mountainous parts of the 
 
 island. 
 
 158. 47. Ojeda. 
 
 159. 49. One of his brothers. 
 
 160. 49. No: the Indians were repulsed with great 
 
 loss, and their leader was captured. 
 
 161. 50. Yes : he imposed a tribute upon all the in- 
 
 habitants above the age of fourteen. 
 
 162. 50. Each person, who lived in those districts 
 
 which yielded gold, was obliged to pay, 
 every quarter of a year, as much gold 
 dust as would fill a hawk's bell ; while, 
 from those in other parts of the coun- 
 try, there were demanded twenty-five 
 pounds of cotton. 
 
 163. 50. Yes. 
 
 164. 50. Still more intolerable exactions. 
 
 165. 50. Intrigues which then existed at the court 
 
 of Spain, excited chiefly by Margaretta 
 and Father Boyl, who had clandestinely 
 returned to Europe, for the purpose of 
 undermining his power, and discrediting 
 his operations. 
 
 166. 51. Of starving those oppressors whom they 
 
 durst not attempt to expel 
 
 167. 51. They suspended all the operations of agri- 
 
 culture : they sowed no maize ; they 
 pulled up the roots of the manioc or cas- 
 B 
 
u 
 
 A. P. 
 
 sada, which had beeii planted ; and, re- 
 tiring to the least accessible parts of the 
 mountains, left their uncultivated plains 
 to their enemies. 
 
 168. 51. Yes : in some degree, it did. The Spaniards 
 
 were reduced to extreme want. 
 
 169. 51. They received seasonable supplies of pro- 
 
 visions from Europe, and found many re- 
 sources in their own ingenuity and in- 
 dustry. 
 
 170. 52. In the course of a few months, more than 
 
 one third of the inhabitants of the island 
 perished, by famine and disease. 
 
 171. 52. Don Bartholomew, his brother. 
 
 172. 52. Adelantado, or lieutenant governor. 
 
 173. 52. Francis Roldan. 
 
 174. 52. On the tenth of March, 1496. 
 
 175. 52. Caonabo. 
 
 176. 52. He steered almost due east from Hispaniola, 
 
 in the parallel of twenty-two, north lati- 
 tude. 
 
 177. 52. Keeping to the north, in order to fall in 
 
 with the south-west winds, and avoid those 
 which blow, without variation, from the 
 east between the tropics. 
 
 178. 53. With so distinguished marks of respect, as 
 
 covered his enemies with shame. 
 
 179. 53. With every thing that could render it a 
 
 permanent establishment. 
 
 180. 53. With such a fleet, as would enable him to 
 
 search for those new countries, of the ex- 
 istence of which he seemed confident. 
 
15 
 A. P. 
 
 '81. §3. That there should be transported to His- 
 paniola, such malefactors as had been 
 convicted of crimes, which, although cap- 
 ital, were not, in the highest degree atro- 
 cious ; and that, in future, a certain pro- 
 portion of the offenders, usually sent to 
 the gallies, should be condemned to labour 
 in the mines, 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 182. 54. On the thirtieth of May, 1498. 
 
 183. 54. St. Lucar de Barrameda. 
 
 184. 54. Six. 
 
 185. 54. Yes. 
 
 186. 54. Directly south, from the Canary or Cape de 
 
 Verd islands, until he came under the 
 equinoctial line, and then to stretch to 
 the west, before the wind favourable for 
 such a course, which blows invariably be- 
 tween the tropics. 
 
 187. 54. First at the Canary, and then at the Cape 
 
 de Verd islands. 
 
 188. 64. On the nineteenth of July, within five de- 
 
 grees of the equator. 
 
 189. 54. They were becalmed, and at the same time 
 
 the heat became so excessive, that the 
 tar melted ; the seams of the ships opened ; 
 many of their wine-casks burst ; the liquor 
 in others soured ; and their salted provis- 
 ions became putrid. 
 
16 
 A, P. 
 
 190. 55. To alter his course to the north-west, m 
 
 order to search some of the Caribhee 
 islands, where he might be supplied with 
 provisions, and refit. 
 
 191. 55. La Trinidad. 
 
 192. 55. OIF the coast of Guiana, near the mouth of 
 
 the Orinoco. 
 
 193. 55. Although a river of only the third or fourth 
 
 class, in the new world, it far surpasses 
 any of the streams in the eastern hemis- 
 phere. 
 
 194. 55. To the west. 
 
 195. 55. The coast of those provinces known by the 
 
 names of Paria and Cumana. 
 
 196. 55. They resembled those of Hispaniola, in their 
 
 appearance and manner of life. 
 
 197. 55. Columbus. 
 
 198. 56. Yes: profiting by the discoveries of Colum- 
 
 bus, Sebastian Cabot, a native of Bristol, 
 commissioned by Henry VII. of England, 
 had reached the coast of Labrador, in 
 North America, in June 1497. 
 
 199. 56. The shattered condition of bis ships, the 
 
 scarcity of provisions, his own infirmities, 
 together with the impatience of his crew^. 
 
 200. 56. Hispaniola. 
 
 201. 56. Several small islands; amongst which, were 
 
 Margarita and Cubagua. 
 
 202. 56. Their pearl fisheries. 
 
 203. 57. To a more commodious station, on the op> 
 
 posite side of the island. 
 
 204. 57. St. Domingo. 
 
IT 
 
 A. P. 
 
 205. 57. Francis Roldan, whom Columbus had ap- 
 
 pointed chief-justice of the island. 
 
 206. 57. The vigilance and courage of Don Diego 
 
 G)lumbus. 
 
 207. 58. Lands were allotted to them, in different 
 
 parts of the island ; and the Indians set- 
 tled in each district, were appointed to 
 cultivate a certain portion of ground, for 
 the use of these new masters. 
 
 208. 58. The tribute formerly imposed. 
 
 209. 58. The repartimientos, or distribution of Indians^ 
 
 established by them in all their settle- 
 ments. 
 ^10. 58. It brought upon them innumerable calami- 
 ties ; subjected them to the most grievous 
 oppression ; and greatly contributed to ex- 
 terminate them from the island of His- 
 paniola. 
 
 21 1. 58. On the twentieth of JVovember, 1497. 
 
 212. 58. The King of Portugal. 
 
 213. 59. Ojeda. 
 
 214. 59. The admiral's journal of his last voyage;, 
 
 and his charts of the countries which h© 
 had discovered. 
 
 215. i5a No. 
 
 216. 59. The Parian. 
 
 217. 59. To Cape de Vela. 
 
 218. 59. Americo Vespucio. 
 
 219. 59. It is uncertain. 
 
 220. 59. An account of his adventures and dis^ 
 
 coveries. 
 
 221. 59. He had the address to frame his narrative, 
 
 b2 
 
A. F. 
 
 ■SO as to make it appear that to him was 
 due the glory of having first discovered 
 the continent in the new^ world. 
 
 222, 59. The country, of which he was supposed to 
 be the discoverer, came gradually to be 
 called by his name : the caprice of man- 
 kind has perpetuated this error ; and, 
 by the universal consent of all nations, 
 America is the name given to this new 
 quarter of the globe. 
 
 22-3. 59^ Pedro Alonzo Nigno, in conjunction with 
 Christopher Guerra^ a wealthy merchant 
 of Seville. 
 
 224. 60. Vincent Pinzon. 
 
 Q25. 60. Standing boldly to the south, he was the 
 first Spaniard that crossed the equinoc- 
 tial line. 
 
 226. 60. The erroneous theory of Columbus, which 
 
 led them to believe that the countries 
 which they had discovered, were part of 
 the vast continent of India» 
 
 227. 60. Pedro Alvarez Cabral. 
 
 228. 60. On tlie twenty-fifth of April, 1500. 
 
 229. 60. To the East Indies. 
 
 230. 60. The King of Portugal. 
 
 231. 61. He was struggling with every distress, in 
 
 which the envy and malevolence of the 
 people under his command, or the ingrati- 
 tude of the court, could involve him, 
 282. 02. His pertinacity in continuing to make slaves 
 of the Indians taken in warfare, in con- 
 tradiction of her known wishes. 
 
1^ 
 
 A. P. 
 
 233. 62. She ordered all the Indians to be restored 
 
 to their country and friends: she com- 
 manded that those formerly sent to Spain 
 hy the admiral, should be sought for, and 
 sent back to Hispaniola. 
 
 234. 63. Francisco de Bovadilla. 
 
 235. 63. If he should find the charge of mrJ-adminis- 
 
 tration proved, he was to supersede him 
 in the government. 
 
 236. 63. Because it was the interest of the judge to 
 
 convict the person whom he was sent to try. 
 
 237. 63. He submitted to the will of his sovereigns 
 
 w^ith respectful silence, and repaired in- 
 stantly to the court of their violent and 
 impartial judge. 
 '238. 63. Without admitting him into his presence, 
 he ordered Columbus, together with his 
 two brothers, instantly to be arrested, to 
 be put in irons, and imprisoned in the 
 fortress. 
 
 239. 64. To set Columbus at liberty. 
 
 240. 64. They invited him to court, and remitted 
 
 money to enable him to appear there in a 
 manner suitable to his rank. 
 
 241. 64. He produced the most satisfactory proofs of 
 
 his own integrity, as well as good inten- 
 tion, and evidence no less clear, of the 
 malevolence of his enemies. 
 
 242. 64. No. 
 
 243. 64. Don Nicholas de Ovando. 
 
 244. ^6. It was the most respectable iiitherto fitted 
 
 out for the new world. 
 
20 
 
 A. P. 
 
 245. 66. Thirty-two. 
 
 246. 68. Two-thousand-five-hundred. 
 
 247. 66. A proclamation, declaring the natives to be 
 
 free subjects of Spain, of whom no ser- 
 vice was to be exacted contrary to their 
 own inclination, and without paying them 
 an adequate price for their labour. 
 
 248. 66, To carry to the colonies, negro slaves, born 
 
 amidst christians ; by which are meant, 
 slaves born in Seville and other parts of 
 Spain, the children and descendants of 
 natives brought from the Atlantic coasts 
 <of Africa, 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 249-. 68. To be reinstated in his office of viceroy 
 over the countries which he had dis- 
 covered. 
 
 %:)Q, 68. The greatness of his discoveries, and the 
 prospect of their increasing value, made 
 Ferdinand consider the concessions in that 
 agreement as extravagant and impolitic. 
 
 •251. QS. To intrust a subject with the exercise of a 
 jurisdiction, which might become no less 
 formidable than it now appeared exten- 
 sive. 
 
 252. -OS. That beyond the continent of America, there 
 was a sea which extended to the East In- 
 •dies. 
 
21 
 
 A. p. 
 
 253. 69. To find some strait, or narrow neck of 
 
 land, by which a communication might 
 be opened with it and that part of the 
 ocean already known. 
 
 254. 69. Near theGulfofDarien. 
 
 255. 69. To undertake a voyage which would ascer» 
 
 tain this important point. 
 
 256. 69. Four small barks. 
 
 257. 69. His brother Bartholomew, and his second 
 
 son Ferdinand, the historian of his actions. 
 
 258. 69. From Cadiz, on the ninth of May. 
 
 259. 70. He discovered all the coast of the continent, 
 
 from Cape Gracios a Dios, to a harbour, 
 which, on account of its beauty and se- 
 curity, he called Porto Bello. 
 
 260. 70. No. 
 
 261. 72. On the coast of Veragua. 
 
 262. 72. Hispaniola. 
 
 263. 72. Yes. 
 
 264. 72. He was driven back, by a violent tempest, 
 
 from the coast of Cuba, his ships were 
 dashed against each other, and were so 
 much shattered by the shock, that, with 
 the utmost difficulty, they reached Ja- 
 '' maica ; where he was constrained to run 
 
 them aground, to prevent them from sink- 
 ing- 
 
 265. 73. Mendez, a Spaniard, and Fiesco, a Genoese. 
 
 266. 73. Forty leagues, 
 
 267. 73. No. 
 
 268. 73. Ovando, 
 
 269. 75. No. 
 
2S 
 A. P. 
 
 270. 76. Above a year. 
 
 271. 75. On the twelfth of September. 
 
 27% 75. It was not less unfortunate than the prece- 
 ding. 
 
 273. 75. St. Lucas. 
 
 274. 75. The death of his patroness, queen Isabella. 
 
 275. 75, No : instead of acceding to his claims, he 
 
 proposed expedients, in order to elude 
 them. 
 
 276. 75. The declining health of Columbus, by which 
 
 he was flattered with the hope of soon 
 being relieved from an importunate suitor. 
 
 277. 75. On the twentieth of May, 1506. 
 27a 75. At Valladolid 
 
 279. 75. The seventy-first. 
 
 280. 75. In the convent of St. Francisco, at Vallado* 
 
 lid, 
 
 281. 76. To the chapel of St. Ann, in the Carthusian 
 
 monastery at Seville. 
 282* 76. They were removed to Hispaniola, and in- 
 terred in the cathedral in the city of St 
 Domingo. 
 
 283, 76. No. 
 
 284, 76. Havana, in the island of Cuba. 
 
 285, 76. At the termination of a war between France 
 
 and Spain, in 1795 ; when all the Spanish 
 possessions in the island of Hispaniola, 
 were ceded to the republic of France. 
 
2S 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 
 A. P. 
 
 286. 76. A beautiful young female cazique, (the 
 
 widow of Caonabo) named Anacoana. 
 
 287. 77. Of having formed a plan to throw off the 
 
 yoke, and exterminate the Spaniards. 
 
 288. 78. She was hanged, in the presence of the peo- 
 
 ple whom she had so signally befriended, 
 
 289. 78. He was hunted Jike a wild beast, until he 
 
 was taken, and likewise hanged. 
 
 290. 78. Yes. 
 
 291. 78. With wisdom and justice not inferior to the 
 
 rigor with which he treated the Indians. 
 
 292. 78. The sugar-cane. 
 
 293. 78. The Canary. 
 
 294. 79. The Casa de Cantractacion or Board of 
 
 Trade. 
 
 295. 79. American affairs. 
 
 296. 79. The original inhabitants, on whose labour 
 
 the Spaniards in Hispaniola relied for 
 their prosperity, wasted so rapidly, as to 
 indicate unavoidable destruction to the 
 whole race. 
 
 297. 79, At least a million. 
 
 298. 79. Sixty thousand. 
 
 299. 79. To transport the inhabitants of the Lucayo 
 
 islands to Hispaniola. 
 
 300. 79. That they might, with more facility, be 
 
 civilized, and with greater advantage in- 
 structed in the christian religion. 
 
24 
 
 A. P. 
 
 301. 79. Yes, 
 
 302. 79. Above forty- thousand. 
 
 303. 79. Juan Ponce de Leon. 
 
 304. 79. A. D. 1509. 
 
 305. 80. They were soon exterminated. 
 
 306. 80. Juan Diaz de Solis, in conjunction with 
 
 Vincent Yanez Pinzon. 
 
 307. 80. That Cuba was a large island, and not a 
 
 part of the continent, as had always been 
 supposed by Columbus. 
 
 308. 80. Don Diego Columbus. 
 
 309. 80. The counsel which managed Indian affairs. 
 
 310. 80. It decided unanimously against the king, 
 
 and sustained Diego's claim to the vice- 
 royalty, together with all the other privi- 
 leges stipulated in the agreement. 
 
 311. 80. He concluded a marriage with Donna Maria, 
 
 daughter of Don Ferdinand de Toledo, 
 grand commander of Leon, and niece of 
 the celebrated duke of Alva. 
 
 312. 80. The King. 
 
 313. 80. Don Diego. 
 
 314. 81. A. D. 1509. 
 
 315. 81. The title of viceroy. 
 
 316. 81. No. 
 
 317. 81. The repartimienfos, or distribution of the In- 
 
 dians. 
 
 318. 81. Soon after he arrived at St. Domingo, he 
 
 divided those Indians who were still unap- 
 propriated, amongst his relations and at- 
 tendants. 
 
 319. 81. Ten. 
 
^5 
 
 A. P. 
 
 320. 81. No. 
 
 321. 81. Alonzo de Ojeda. 
 
 322. 82. Diego de Nicuessa. 
 
 323. 82. Two ; one extending from Cape de Vela to 
 
 the Gulf of Darien ; the other, from that 
 point to Cape Gracias a Dios. 
 
 324. 82. The former to Ojeda ; the latter, to Nicuessa. 
 
 325. 82. Fierce and warlike. 
 
 326. 82. They were dipped in a poison so noxious, 
 
 that every wound was followed by certain 
 death. 
 
 327. 82. The greater part of them perished, in less 
 
 than a year, in extreme misery. 
 
 328. 82. The few who survived, settled, as a feeble 
 
 colony, at Santa Maria el Antigua, on the 
 Gulf of Darien, under the command of 
 Vasco Nunez de Balboa. 
 
 329. 83. Francisco Pizarro, 
 830. 83. Hernan Cortes. 
 
 331. 83c Diego Velasquez. 
 
 332. 83. A. D. 1511. 
 
 333. 83. Three-hundred. 
 
 334. 83. More than seven-hundred miles. 
 
 335. 83. Yes. 
 
 336. 83. Not one. 
 
 337. 84. Juan Ponce de Leon. 
 
 338. 84. 1512. 
 
 339. 84. On account of its gay and beautiful appear- 
 
 ance. 
 
 340. 86. Balboa. 
 
 341. 86. The Gulf of St. Michael. 
 
 342. 86. That there was a mighty and opulent king- 
 
 C 
 
2$ 
 
 A, F. 
 
 dom, at a considerable distance toward"^ 
 
 the south-east, the inhabitants of which 
 
 had tame animals to carry their burthens. 
 
 S43. 86. They drew, on the sand^ the figure of lama& 
 
 or sheep. 
 
 344. 87. The camel. 
 
 345. 87. Francisco Pizarro. 
 
 346. 87. Pedrarias Davilla. 
 
 347. 87. Fifteen vessels, and twelve-hundred soldiers^ 
 
 348. 87. Fifteen-hundred. 
 
 349. 88. Above six-hundred. 
 
 350. 88. The office of adelantado, or lieutenant 
 
 governor of the countries on the south 
 sea. 
 
 351. 88. He agreed to give his daughter in marriage 
 
 to Balboa. 
 
 352. 88. He was arrested by Pedrarias, accused of 
 
 disloyalty to the king, and an intention 
 to revolt against the governor, sentenced 
 to die, and executed, 
 
 353. 88. To remove the colony from its unwholesome 
 
 station of Santa Maria, to Panama. 
 
 CHAPTER Vn. 
 
 354. 89. Juan Diaz de Solis. 
 
 355. 89. A river, which he called Janeiro. 
 
 356. 89. On the first day of January, 1516. 
 
 357. 89. The mouth of a vast river, named by him 
 
 Rio de Plata. 
 
A. P. 
 
 358. 89. He was slain by the natives, 
 
 S69. 89. Hispaniola. 
 
 360. 89. Fourteen-thousand. 
 
 361. 90. Bartholomew de las Casas. 
 
 362. 90. Seville, 
 
 ^63. 90. He was a clergyman. 
 
 364. 90. He relinquished all the Indians who had 
 fallen to his own share in the division of 
 the inhabitants amongst the conquerors. 
 
 ^365. 90. To purchase a sufficient number of negroes 
 from the Portuguese settlements on the 
 coast of Africa, and to transport them to 
 America, that they might be employed, 
 as slaves, in working the mines, and culti- 
 vating the ground. 
 
 ^66. 90. In 1503. 
 
 367. 90. In 151 L 
 
 ^68. 91. Yes. 
 
 369. 93. In 1551. 
 
 370. 93. At Madrid, in 1566. 
 
 CHAPTER VHL 
 
 371. 95. Juan de Grijalva. 
 
 372. 95. St. Jago de Cuba. 
 
 373. 95. On the eighth of April, 1518. 
 
 374. 95. Velasquez. 
 ^75. 95. New Spain. 
 
 376. 95. On the banks of a river, which the natives 
 called TobascQ. 
 
2S 
 
 A. P. 
 
 377. 95. At a place, to the west of that river, in the 
 
 province since known by the name of 
 Guasaca. 
 
 378. 96. That they were subjects of a great monarch, 
 
 called Montezuma, whose dominion ex- 
 tended over that and many other provin- 
 ces. 
 
 379. 96. On the twenty-sixth of October. 
 
 380. 96. About six months. 
 
 381. 96. It was the longest, as well as the most suc- 
 
 cessful voyage, hitherto made by the 
 Spaniards in the new world. 
 
 382. 96. He despatched a messenger to Spain, to ex- 
 
 hibit the rich productions of the countries 
 which had been discovered by his means, 
 and to solicit so great an increase of au- 
 thority, as might enable and encourage 
 him to attempt their conquest. 
 
 383. 96. Yes. 
 
 884. 97. Fernando Cortes. 
 
 385. 97. At Medillin, a small town of Estramadura, 
 
 in Spain. 
 
 386. 98. St. Jago de Cuba. 
 
 387. 98. In November, 1518. 
 
 388. 99. Eleven. 
 
 389. 99. Six-hundred-and-seventeen. 
 
 390. 99. Thirteen were armed with muskets ; thirty- 
 
 two were cross-bow men; the rest had 
 swords and spears. 
 
 391. 99. They were more extensive than all the 
 
 kingdoms subject to tjiq Spanish crown. 
 
29 
 
 A. P. 
 
 392. 100. Cozumel. 
 
 393. 104. To the river of Tobasco. 
 
 394. 104. No. 
 
 395. 104. No: they were routed, with great slaugh- 
 
 ter, in several successive actions. 
 
 396. 106. St. Juan de Ulua. 
 
 397. 107. Marina. 
 
 398. 107. Teutile and Pilpatoe; two officers intrusted 
 
 with the government of the province, by 
 a great monarch, called Montezuma. 
 
 ^99. 108. To be admitted to a personal audience of 
 their sovereign. 
 
 •400. 108. In delineating, upon white cotton cloths, 
 figures of the ships, the horses, the ar- 
 tillery, the soldiers, and whatever else 
 attracted their eyes, as singular. 
 
 401. 109. Montezuma. 
 
 402. 109, They had couriers posted at proper sta- 
 
 tions, along the principal roads, who con- 
 veyed intelligence with surprising ra- 
 pidity. 
 
 403. 109. Above one-hundred-and-eighty miles. 
 
 404. 109. Seven. 
 
 405. 110. That he would not give his consent that 
 
 foreign troops should approach nearer 
 to his capital, or even allow them to 
 continue longer in his dominions. 
 
 406. 110. That he Vv:ouId not move from his present 
 
 camp, until the return of a messenger^ 
 whom lihey sent to Montezuma for fur- 
 ther instructions. 
 40.7. 110, It was, at this period, at a pitch of grasv 
 
30 
 A. P. 
 
 deur, which no other society had ever 
 attained in so short a period. 
 
 408. 110. Only one-hundred-and-thirty years. 
 
 409. 110. From the Atlantic, to the Pacific ocean; 
 
 over territories, stretching, with some 
 small interruptions, above five hundred, 
 leagues from east to west, and more than 
 two hundred from north to south. 
 
 410. 111. Of all the princes who had swayed the 
 
 Mexican sceptre, he was the most haugh- 
 ty, the most violent, and the most im- 
 patient of control. 
 
 411. 112. Fourteen years. 
 
 412. 112. Yes: many. 
 
 413. 112. The people of Mechoacan, Tlascala, and 
 
 Tepeaca. 
 
 414. 112. Symptoms of timidity and embarrassment. 
 
 415. 112. There was an opinion, almost universal 
 
 amongst the Indian nations, that some 
 dreadful calamity was impending over 
 their heads, from a race of formidable 
 invaders, who should come from regions 
 towards the rising sun, to overrun and 
 desolate their country. 
 
 416. 116. That Cortes should depart instantly out 
 
 of his dominions. 
 
 417. 118." Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz" — " The rich 
 
 town of the True Cross." 
 
 418. 1 20. A commission, which vested in him supreme 
 
 jurisdiction, civil as well as military, 
 over the colony. 
 
 419. 122. The caziques of Zempoala and Quiabislan. 
 
31 
 
 A. P. 
 
 420. 122. To insult the Mexican power. 
 
 421. 122. By acknowledging themselves to be vassals 
 
 of the same monarch^ 
 
 422. 123. The Totonaques. 
 
 423. 123. To accompany Cortes, with all their forces, 
 
 in his march to Mexico. 
 
 424. 123. Above three months. 
 
 425. 124. The ships were drawn ashore, and, after 
 
 stripping them of their sails, rigging, iron 
 works, and whatever else might be of 
 use, they were broken to pieces. 
 
 426. 124. " Thus, from an effort of m.agnanimity, to 
 
 which there is nothing parallel in history, 
 five-hundred men voluntarily consented 
 to be shut up in a hostile country, filled 
 with powerful and unknown nations ; 
 and, having precluded every means of 
 escape, left themselves without any re- 
 source, but their own valour and perse- 
 verance." 
 
 427. 125. On the sixteenth of August. 
 
 428. 125. Five-hundred men, fifteen horse, and six 
 
 field-pieces. 
 
 429. 125. He left them, as a garrison, at Vera Cruz,^ 
 
 under Escalante. 
 The Tlascalans. 
 The imprudent zeal of Cortes, in violating 
 
 the temples in Zempoala. 
 Fourteen. 
 Their priests. 
 " That these strangers were the offspring 
 
 430. 
 
 128. 
 
 431. 
 
 128. 
 
 432. 
 
 128. 
 
 433. 
 
 129. 
 
 434. 
 
 129. 
 
33 
 A. P. 
 
 of the sun, procreated by his animating 
 energy, in the regions of the east ; that, 
 by day, while cherished by the influence 
 of his parental beams, they were invin- 
 <:ible ; but by night, when his reviving 
 lieat was withdrawn, their vigour de- 
 clined, and faded like the herbs in the 
 field, and they dwindled down into mor- 
 tal men." 
 
 435. 1 30. No : they were dispersed with great slaugh- 
 
 ter. 
 
 436. 130. Peace. 
 
 437. 130. The Tlascalans yielded themselves as vas- 
 
 sals to the crown of Castile, and engaged 
 to assist Cortes in all his operations. He 
 took Ihe repubUc under his protection, 
 and promised to defend their persons 
 and possessions from injury or violence. 
 
 438. 131. Twenty days. 
 
 439. 132. To accompany him in his march to Mexico, 
 
 with ail the forces of the republic, under 
 the command of their most experienced 
 captains. 
 
 440. 133. Six-thousand. 
 
 441. 185. The eighth of November. 
 
 442. 136. Montezuma. 
 
 443. 136. About forty years. 
 
 444. 137. Teules, or divinities. 
 
 445. 137. To the quarters which he had prepared 
 
 for him. 
 
 446. 137. " You are now," says he, " with your 
 
33 
 A. p. 
 
 brothers, in your own house: refresh 
 yourselves, after your fatigue, and be 
 happy until I return." 
 
 447. 142. It was built on the banks of a large lake, 
 
 and on some small islands adjoining it. 
 
 448. 142. By artificial causeways or streets, formed 
 
 of stones or earth, about thirty feet in 
 breadth. 
 
 449. 142. That of Tacuba, on the west, extended a 
 
 mile and a half; that of Tepeaca, on the 
 north-west, three miles ; that of Cuoya- 
 can, towards the south, six miles. 
 
 450. 142. Canoes. 
 
 451. 143. They were of so large dimensions, that, in 
 
 comparison with any other buildings 
 hitherto discovered in America, they 
 might be termed magnificent, 
 
 452. 143. They assured him, that the Mexican priests 
 
 had, in the name of the gods, counseled 
 their sovereign to admit the Spaniards 
 into their capital, that he might cut 
 them off there, with perfect security, at 
 one blow. 
 
 453. 244. That Escalante had engaged in battle^ 
 
 Q,ualpopoca, one of the Mexican gener- 
 als on the frontiers, and, though the 
 enemy were defeated, yet that Escalante 
 and seven of his men had been mortally 
 wounded, and one Spaniard had been 
 surrounded by the enemy, and taken 
 alive ; that his head, after being carried 
 in triumph to different cities, in order to 
 
34 
 
 A. P. 
 
 convince the people that their invaders 
 were not immortal, had been sent to 
 Mexico, 
 
 454. 144. To seize Montezuma in his palace, and 
 
 to carry him, as a prisoner, to the Spanish 
 quarters. 
 
 455. 146. Yes. 
 
 456. 146. He was attended by his own domestics, 
 
 and served with his usual state. 
 
 457. 147. Either because he was ashamed to own it, 
 
 or that he feared the loss of his life, if 
 they made the least disturbance. 
 
 458. 149. To have such a command of the lake, as 
 
 might insure a retreat, if the Mexicans 
 should take up arms against him, and 
 break down the bridges or causeways. 
 459* 149, By the building of two brigantines. 
 
 460. 150. He urged Montezuma to acknowledge him* 
 
 self a vassal of the king of Castile, to 
 hold his crown of him as superior, and 
 to subject his dominions to the payment 
 of an annual tribute. 
 
 461. 150. Yes. 
 
 462. 151. He would not renounce his false gods, and 
 
 embrace the christian faith. 
 
 463. 151. He led out his soldiers, to throw down the 
 
 idols in the great temple. 
 
 464. 151. Yes. 
 
 465. 15L How they might expel or destroy the 
 
 Spaniards. 
 
 466. 152. That he and his followers should instantly 
 
 depart out of the empire* 
 
35 
 
 A p. 
 
 467. 152. That some ships had appeared on the coast- 
 
 468. 153. Sandoval. 
 
 469. 153. That the araiament was fitted out by Ve- 
 
 lasquez, governor of Cuba, and, instead 
 of bringing the expected aid, threatened 
 Cortes and his followers with immediate 
 destruction. 
 
 470. 153. Eighty horsemen, and eight-hundred foot- 
 
 soldiers. 
 
 471. 154. Pamphilo de Narvaez. 
 
 472. 154. To seize Cortes and his principal officers? 
 
 to send them prisoners to him, and thea 
 to complete the discovery and conquest 
 of the country, in his name. 
 
 473. 154. Near St. Juan de Ulua. 
 
 474. 155. Montezuma. 
 
 475. 155. To make one bold effort for victory, under 
 
 every disadvantage, rather than sacrifice 
 his own conquests and the Spanish inter- 
 est in Mexico. 
 
 476. 156. One-hundred-and-fifty. 
 
 477. 156. Under the command of Pedro de Alvarado. 
 
 478. 156. It did not exceed two-hundred-and-fifty 
 
 men. 
 
 479. 157. Zempoala. 
 
 480. 158. Cortes. 
 
 481. ^ 158, Not like enemies, but as countrymen and 
 
 friends. 
 
 482. 158. Either to send them back directly to Cuba, 
 
 or to take them into his service, as part- 
 ners in his fortune, on equal terms with 
 his own soldiers. 
 
36 
 
 A p. 
 
 483. 158. The latter. 
 
 484. 159. A thousand. 
 
 485. 159. That the Mexicans had taken arms, and; 
 
 having seized and destroyed the two 
 brigantines which Cortes had built, and 
 attacked the Spaniards in their quar- 
 ters, had killed several of them, and 
 wounded more ; and that Alvarado and 
 his men were likely soon either to be 
 cut off by famine, or to sink under the 
 multitude of their enemies. 
 
 486. 160. He set out instantly with all his forces, 
 
 and returned from Zempoala, with not 
 less rapidity than he had advanced. 
 
 487. 160. Two-thousand chosen warriors. 
 
 488. 160. Yes: the Mexicans again suffered him to 
 
 march into the city without molestation, 
 and take quiet possession of his ancient 
 station. 
 
 489. 160. No : he not only neglected to visit Monte- 
 
 zuma, but he imbittered the insult by 
 expressions full of contempt for that un- 
 fortunate prince and his people. 
 
 490. 161. The Mexicans resumed their arms, with 
 
 additional fury. 
 
 491. 162. To try what effect the interposition of 
 
 Montezuma might have, to soothe or 
 overawe his subjects. 
 
 492. 163. No. 
 
 493. 163. Yes: two arrows wounded the unhappy 
 
 monarch, and the blow of a stone on his 
 temple struck him senseless to the ground. 
 
37 
 A. P. 
 
 494. 164. No: in a transport of rage, he tore the 
 
 bandages from his wounds, and refused 
 so obstinately to take any nourishment, 
 that he soon ended his wretched days. 
 
 495. 164. A retreat. 
 
 496. 167. At Tacuba. - 
 
 497. 167. His shattered battahon, reduced to less 
 
 than half its numbers, the survivors de- 
 jected, and most of them covered with 
 wounds. 
 
 498. 167. Velasquez de Leon. 
 
 499. 167. They were all lost. 
 
 500. 167. The greater part of them were kilkd. ' 
 SOL 167. Above two- thousand. 
 
 502. 167. No: only a very small portion of it. 
 
 503. 169. Otumba. 
 
 504. 169. In the plain of Otumba. 
 
 505. 169. The Mexicans. 
 
 506. 170. The Mexicans were seized with a univer- 
 
 sal panic, and they all fled, with pre- 
 cipitation, to the mountains. 
 
 507. 170. The Tiascalan. 
 
 508. 170. With the warmest friendship. 
 
 509. 172. To Hispaniola and Jamaica. 
 
 510. 172. To prepare, in the mountains of Tlascala, 
 
 materials for building twelve brigantines, 
 so as they might be carried thither in 
 pieces, ready to be put together, and 
 launched when he stood in the need of 
 their service* 
 51 L 173. Five-hundred-and-fifty infantry, and forty 
 horsemen, with a train of nine field-pieces. 
 D 
 
m 
 
 A. P- 
 
 512. 173. Towards Mexico/ 
 
 513. 173. Six months. 
 
 514. 173. Yes. 
 
 515. 173. His brother, Quetlavacav 
 
 516. 174. Yes. 
 
 517. 174. The small pox. 
 
 518. 174. No. 
 
 519. 174. Guatimozin, a nephew and son-ins^law of 
 
 Montezuma. 
 
 520. 174. A high reputation, for abilities and valour. 
 
 521. 174. Various preparations to obstruct his pro- 
 
 gress. 
 
 522. 174. Tezeuco.- 
 
 523. 174. It was situated on the banks of the lake, 
 
 about twenty miles from Mexico. 
 
 524. 174. Because it was the most proper station for 
 
 launching his brigantines, as well as for 
 making his approaches to the capital. 
 
 525. 175. Three months. 
 
 526. 175.- No: he attacked successively several of the 
 
 towns situated around the lake; and 
 either compelled them to submit to the 
 Spanish crown, or reduced them to ruins. 
 
 527. 175. Sandoval. 
 
 528. 176. Thirteen. 
 
 529. 176. Sixty miles, through a mountainous coun- 
 
 try. 
 
 530. 176. Eight-thousand, to carry the materials on* 
 
 their shoulders. 
 
 531. 176. Fifteen-thousand. 
 
 532. 176. Above six miles. 
 533v 176. Yes. 
 
■39 
 A. -p. 
 
 -534; 176. Four ships arrived at Fera Cruz, from Hk» 
 paniola, with two-hundred soldiers, eightj 
 horses, two battering cannon, and a con* 
 siderable supply of ammunition and arms. 
 
 .535. 176. He employed a vast number of Indians, 
 for two months, in deepening the small 
 rivulet which runs by Tezeuco into the 
 lake, and. in forming it into a canaj, 
 nearly two miles in length. 
 
 536. 177. Yes. 
 
 .537. 177. On the twenty-eighth of April, 1521. 
 
 538. 177. Three. 
 
 539. 17X Sandoval, Pedro de Alvarado, and Chris- 
 
 toval de Olid. 
 
 540. 177. Ten-thousand. 
 
 541. 177. Eighty-six horsemen, and eight-hundred- 
 
 and-eighteen foot-soldiers. 
 
 542. 177. The conduct of the brigantines. 
 
 .543. 177. I^ach was armed with a small cannon, and 
 manned with twenty-five Spaniards, and 
 twelve rowers, six on each side. 
 
 544. 177. They broke down the aqueducts, erected 
 for conveying water into the capital. 
 
 .545. 177. To destroy the fleet of brigantines, 
 
 546. 178. No: the brigantines broke through the 
 
 fleet of canoes with the utmost ease. 
 
 547. 183. The twenty-seventh of July. 
 .548. 183. Three-fourths. 
 
 .549. 185. The resistance of the Mexicans ceased, 
 and Cortes took possession of that small 
 part of the capital which yet remained 
 undestroyed. 
 
40 
 
 A. p. 
 
 550. 185. Seventy-five days. 
 
 551. 186. He had ordered what remained of the 
 
 riches amassed by his ancestors to be 
 thrown into the lake. 
 
 552. 186. He subjected the unhappy monarch, to- 
 
 gether with his chief favourite, to tor- 
 ture, in order to force from them a dis- 
 covery of the xoyal treasures, which it 
 was supposed they had concealed. 
 
 553. 186. With the invincible fortitude of an Indian 
 
 warrior. 
 
 554. 186. The provinces submitted, one after another, 
 
 to the conquerors. 
 
 
 — w>©®©4«.— 
 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 555. 
 
 187. Ferdinand Magellan. 
 
 556. 
 
 187. Portugal. 
 
 557. 
 
 188. On the ideas of Columbus, confirmed by 
 
 
 many observations. 
 
 558. 
 
 188. No: he dismissed him with a disdainful 
 
 
 coldness. 
 
 559. 
 
 188. Spain. 
 
 560. 
 
 188. Cardinal Ximenes 
 
 561. 
 
 188. Charles V, 
 
 562. 
 
 188. Yes. 
 
 563. 
 
 188. On the tenth of August, 1519. 
 
 564. 
 
 188. Seville. 
 
 565. 
 
 188. Five. 
 
 566. 
 
 189. The fifty-third. 
 
41 
 A. P. 
 
 ;567. 189. Twenty. 
 
 568. 189. His own. 
 
 669. 189. The great Southern Ocean. 
 
 570. 189. Three months and twenty days. 
 
 571. 189. Yes, 
 
 572. 190. The Pacific. 
 
 .573. 190. Because he had enjoyed an uninterruptei 
 
 course of fair weather, and favourable 
 
 winds. 
 574. 190. De los Ladrones. 
 .575. 190. Because of the thievish disposition of the 
 
 inhabitants. 
 376. J 90. The islands now known by the name of 
 
 the Philippines- 
 
 577. 190. Having become involved in a quarrel with 
 
 the natives, Magellan, and several of his 
 principal officers, were slain. 
 
 578. 190. Other commanders. 
 ^79. 190. Tidore. 
 
 .580^ 190. Portuguese. 
 
 ^81. 190, They could not comprehend how the 
 Spaniards, by holding a westerly course, 
 ;had arrived at that sequestered seat of 
 their most valuable commerce, 
 
 582. 190. Spices. 
 
 583, 190. The Victory, 
 
 .584. 190. The command of Juan Sebastian del Cani. 
 
 585. 190. The Gape of Good Hope. 
 
 ,586. 190. St. Lucar.. 
 
 ,587. 11)0. On ^he seventh of September, 1522. 
 
 ..588. 190. Three years and .twenty-eight days. 
 
 589, 191, His name is still rankled amongst the higl^ 
 
 est in the roll of successful navigators. 
 
 .590, 1 91. Jt,Bow eclipscdlhat of every other coun^r^* 
 
43. 
 
 A. P. 
 
 591. 191. In the course of a few years, of discovering 
 
 a new continent, almost as large as that 
 part of the earth which was formerly 
 known, and of ascertaining, by expe- 
 rience, the form and extent of the whole 
 terraqueous globe. 
 
 #^ 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 592. 192. He was appointed captain general, and 
 
 governor of New Spain. 
 593;. 192. To establish the seat of government in its 
 ancient station, and to raise Mexico 
 again from its ruins, 
 
 594. 192. To search for mines. 
 
 595, 194. A. D. 1532. 
 
 596* 194. By order of Cortes, he was hanged. 
 
 597* 194. On a slight suspicion, that he had formed 
 a scheme to shake off the yoke, and ex- 
 cite his former subjects to take arms^ 
 
 598. 194. About twenty-five years. 
 
 599. 195. The year 1528. 
 
 600. 195. The order of St. Jago,,and the title of Mar- 
 
 quis del Valle de Cuaxaca. 
 
 601. 195. The grant of an ample territory in New 
 
 Spain. 
 
 602. 196. In 1530, 
 
 603. 196. Diminished. 
 
 604. 196. The military department, with power to 
 
 attempt new discoveries. 
 
 605. 196. A board, called the Audience of New Spain, 
 
 606. 196, As viceroy, to take the government into his 
 
 hands. 
 
43 
 
 A. p. 
 
 607. 196. California. 
 
 008. 197. A. D. 1540. 
 
 609. 197. In 1547. 
 
 610. 197. The sixty-second 
 
 CHAPTER XIL 
 
 611. 198. Francisco Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, and 
 
 Hernando Luque. 
 
 612. 199. Pedrarias, the governor of Panama, 
 6ia 199. Pizarro. 
 
 614. 199. On the fourteenth of November, 1524. 
 
 615. 199. One-hundred-and-twelve. 
 aia, 202. Tumbez. 
 
 617. 202. Its stately temple, and a palace of the 
 Incas or sovereigns of the country. 
 
 6161, 202. It was fully peopled, and cultivated, with 
 an appearance of regular industry. 
 
 619. 202. They were decently clothed, and possessed 
 
 ingenuity so far surpassing the other in- 
 habitants of the new world, as to have 
 the use of tame domestic animals. 
 
 620. 203* So great a show of gold and silver, as lefl 
 
 no room to doubt that they abounded 
 with profusion in the country. 
 
 621. 204. That Pizarro should claim the station of 
 
 governor, Aimagro that of lieutenani 
 governor, and Luque the dignity of 
 bishop, in the country which they pur- 
 posed to conquer. 
 
 622. 204. Such an impression, that they not onlj 
 
 approved of the expedition, but seemed 
 interested in the success of its leader. 
 
44 
 
 A. P. 
 
 623. 204. No. 
 
 624. 204. Only the command of the fortress which 
 
 should be erected at Tumhez. 
 *625. 204. He was appointed governor, capta:in gener- 
 al, and adelantado, of all the country 
 which he had discovered, and hoped to 
 conquer. 
 
 626. 204. He engaged to raise two-^hundred-and-fifty 
 
 men, and to provide the required ships, 
 :£irms, and warlike stores. 
 
 627. 205. At Nomhre de Dios. 
 
 628. 205,. His three brothers, Ferdinand, Juan, arid 
 
 Oonzalo ; and by Francisco de Alcantara, 
 his mother's brother. 
 
 :629. 205. Three small vessels, with a hundred-and- 
 eight soldiers. 
 
 630. 206. To follow Pizarro, with wimt reinforce- 
 ment of men he should be able to muster. 
 
 ^31. 205. In February, 1531, 
 
 632. 206. Thirteen days. 
 
 633. 206. In the bay of St. Matthew. 
 
 634. 207. Near the mouth of the river Piura. 
 
 635. 207. St. Michael. 
 
 636. 207. Fifteen-hundred miles. 
 
 037. 207. Its breadth was much less considerable. 
 
 1538. 207. The vast ridge of the Andes. 
 
 630. 208. Manco Capac^ and Mama Ocollo. 
 
 610. 207. The Sun. 
 
 641. 208. CuzcQ. 
 
 642. 208. Agriculture, and other useful arts. 
 
 643. 208. To spin and weave. 
 
 644. 208^ Towards introducing such laws and policy 
 
 as might perpetuate the happiness of 
 ihe people. 
 
43 
 
 A. P. 
 
 645. 208. They were not only obeyed as monarch^, 
 
 but revered as divinities. 
 
 646. 208. It was held to be sacred. 
 
 647. 208. By prohibiting intermarriages with the 
 
 people. 
 
 648. 209. Huana Capac. 
 
 649. 209. He is represented as a prince, distinguished 
 
 not only for the pacific virtues peculiar 
 to the race, but eminent for his martial 
 talents. 
 
 650. 209. Quito. 
 
 661. 209. The daughter of the vanquished monarch 
 of Quito. 
 
 652. 209. Atahualpa. 
 
 653. 209. About the year 1529. 
 
 f>54- 209- Atahualpa- 
 
 655. 209. Huascar, his eldest son, by a mother of 
 
 the royal race. 
 
 656. 209. To renounce the government of Quito, and 
 
 to acknowledge him as his lawful superior^ 
 
 657. 209, No : he first eluded his brother's demand, 
 
 and then marched against him in hostile 
 array. 
 
 658. 209. Atahualpa. 
 
 659. 210. He was taken prisoner. 
 
 660. 210. No : it raged in its greatest fury. 
 
 661. 212. "^ Pretending to he the ambassador of a 
 
 213. r powerful monarch, he obtained an ia- 
 
 214. J terview with Atahualpa, and, seizing 
 
 him by the arm, carried him as a prison- 
 er, to his quarters. 
 
 662. 214. Above four-thousand. 
 
 363. 214. It was rich, beyond any idea yet formed 
 
46 
 
 A. P. 
 
 by the Spaniards concetning tbe wealth 
 
 of Peru. 
 664. 21 5u He undertook to fill the apartment in 
 
 which he was confined, with vessels of 
 
 gold, as high as he could reach. 
 665* 215. Twenty-two feet in length, and sixteen in 
 
 breadth. 
 
 666. 215. Yes. 
 
 667. 216. One-miliion-five-hundredTandntwenty-eigh't" 
 
 thoiisand-five-hundred pesos. 
 
 668. 95. About five shillings sterling. 
 
 669. 21!7. No, 
 
 670. 217. No: nothing was further from his thoughts. 
 
 671. 217. To bereave him of life. 
 
 672. 219. He was strangled. 
 313, 223. Callao. 
 
 674. 223. A. D. 1535. 
 
 675. 223. Ciudad de ios Reyes. 
 
 676. 223. Lima. 
 
 677. 230. ( He was impeached of treason by the 
 231. { Pizarros, formally tried, condemned to 
 
 die, strangled in prison, and afterwards 
 publicly beheaded, 
 
 678. 231. The seventy-fifth. 
 
 .679. 232. To parcel out its territories amongst the 
 conquerors. 
 
 r680. 232. The followers of Almagro. 
 
 681. 282. They penetrated into several new provin^ 
 ces, and made discoveries and conquests, 
 which not only extended their knowledge 
 of the country, but added considerably to 
 the territories of Spain in the new world. 
 
 '682., 233. Pedro de Vaidivia. 
 
47 
 
 A., P, 
 
 683. 233. St. Jago. 
 
 684. 233. The enterprise of Gonzalo PIzarro. 
 
 685. 233. The discovery and conquest of the country 
 
 to the east of the Andes, 
 
 686. 234. Francis Orellana. 
 
 687. 234. The Maragnon. 
 
 688. 234. Nearly two-thousand leagues; 
 
 689. 237. A. D. 154L 
 
 690. 237. He was slain by a party headed by Herradas 
 
 the friend andguardian of young Almagro.- 
 
 691. 238^ Having been defeated and taken prisoner 
 
 by the new governor, Vaco de Castro^ 
 he was beheaded. 
 
 692. 239. He also was beheaded. 
 
 693. 239. He was a state prisoner in Spain. 
 
 694. 239. In preparing regulations, by which they 
 
 hoped not only to re-establish tranquillity 
 thercj but to introduce a more efficient 
 system of internal policy inta all their 
 settlements in the new world. 
 
 695. 239.- Almost the whole of that extensive empircj- 
 
 which, at the beginning of the nineteenth 
 century, she possessed in the new world. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 696. 239. They may be considered as polished states^ 
 
 697. 240. No : they were wholly unacquainted "with 
 
 thenr. 
 
 698. 240. Very inconsiderable. 
 
 699. 240. The Lama. 
 
 700. 240. It bears some resemblance to a deer, and 
 
 some to a camel. 
 
4S 
 
 A. p. 
 
 701. 240. It is in size a little larger than a sheepv 
 7024 241. By figures, painted on skins, on cotton-^ 
 
 cloth, on a kind of pasteboard, or on the 
 
 bark of trees. 
 
 703. 242. Yes ; in its full extent. 
 
 704. 240. About sixty-thousand, 
 
 705. 245. Peru. 
 
 706. 245. Four-hundred years. 
 
 707. 245. Twelve. 
 
 708. 245. Quipos, or knots on cords, of diiferent co- 
 
 lours. 
 
 709. 247. Into three shareSi, 
 
 710. 247. The Sun. 
 
 711. 247. To the erection of temples, and furnishing 
 
 what was requisite for celebrating the 
 public rites of religion. 
 
 712. 247. The Incas. 
 
 713. 247. The maintenance of the people. 
 
 714. 248. It was more extensive, and more skilfully 
 
 conducted, than in any other part of 
 America. 
 
 715. 248. No. 
 
 716.- 248. A kind of mattock, made of hard wood 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 717. 251. Two. •' -^ 
 
 718. 251. Three. 
 
 719. 252. In 1578. 
 
 720. 252. A branch of the Portuguese family of 
 
 Braganza, established in Spain. 
 
 THE END 
 
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