^ §i^@»s -^^■^Wn4 ;e>M^M:gP ® li 9 m m i ^1 ^\^sTo^_J^ -OF- CUMBERLAND CO., DvrjLiitTE. miiH piMslratiotm aw! 1|i0gra^hical ^Kekhc^ t-^=OF<^_> ITS i=i?.o:M:i:tTE3srT ns/EEnsr ^it3d i=ioisrEEi?.s. /j^6/ PHILADELPHIA: EVERTS & PECK. PRESS OP J. B. LlPPlNCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA PREFACE. The history of Cumberland County comprised in the present volume has been compiled according to the following plan : I. A General History of the County. II. A history of the City of Portland. III. A history of each of the towns of the county. IV. Biographical Sketches, with portraits, on steel, wood, and stone, of men of more or less prominence in different i)arts of the county, arranged according to their respective towns, or in connection with the histories of those interests with which the subjects have been most intimately identified in their business or professions. The advantages of this arrangement, we think, are obvious. While it furnishes to each town its appropriate history, much more economically tiian could be afforded in separate volumes, it also gives the publisher a larger territory in which to disclose of his work, and in that degree enables him to add to its excellence and value. It also conduces to a more orderly and systematic classification of the materials which make up the volume. It is common to include in town histories a great deal of matter that is of a general character, or common to all the towns, and such matter is usually repeated in each separate history of a town. But in the plan of the present work these repetitions are entirely avoided by placing all the matter of a general character in the general histor}', and only that which is strictly local in the town histories. The plan of the work is such as is deemed, upon the whole, best adapted to the orderly classification of the large amount of matter which such a county must necessarily furnish, — a county whose settlement dates back two hundvcd and fifty years, and whose varied resources and interests have been developed by a people remarkable for their intelligence, thrift, and enterprise. It would be strange if such a people, during a period of two and a half centuries, in many respects the most eventful of modern times, had not made history enough to fill one volume, however large, to say nothing of the doings of their savage predecessors, or of the voyages of discovery and efforts at colonization which prepared the way for their advent to these shores. In this preparatory history Maine evidently took the lead, being the first to plant the standard of civilization on the New England coast. This is true, whether we consider the French or the early English settlements. Maine was the beginning, and not the outgrowth of an older colony : the early promoters of settlements on her shores — the Pophams, the Gilberts, and the Gorges — were, in truth, the fathers of New England colonization. Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his associates procured the first New England charter in 160(j, and tlie second in 1620; and Gorges was active in the mean time in promoting settlements upon the coa.st of Maine, at least a dozen years before the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. He was among the first to persuade the Pilgrims to leave Holland, and procured ibr them their final charter, upon which all the legal titles of the "Old Colony" are based. PREFACE. But tliis liistory belongs to the State rather than to a single county: in the present work the writer has attciiiptwl only siieh an outline of the early discoveries and settlements in Maine as seemed necessary to fairly connect tlie subject with his local history. This is given in two or three of the preliminary chapters. It is niiiieccssary here to enumerate the authors consulted in tlie present volume, as they are generally referral to in tlic foot-notes or in the text of the work. Much is due, however, to the labors of our prede- wasors, especially to those of the late Hon. William Willis, LL.D., the Jiistorian of Portland, and a large contributor to other historical collections, whose eminent and exhaustive labors have left little to be under- taken in the way of original research within the limits of the subjects treated of by him. The most that we have attempted in that direction has been a thorough examination and comparison of the works of this author with other sources of evidence and information, with a view to obtaining tlie most accurate facts of liistory. To this we have added a large amount of original matter relating to the city of Portland, to tlie towns to several important chapters of the general history, and many biographical sketches of citizens. Tlie liistory contained in the present volume has been compiled with great c;ire and labor, yet it has been a pleasure to the writer. Tlie citizens of the county, in nearly every locality, have manifested an in- terest in the work, and many have freely and cheerfully aided in the collection of materials. Our thanks, and those of the publisliers, are due to Gen. J. Marshall Brown, of Portland, for valuable aid and sugges- tions. Also to Hon. AV. W. Tiiomas, Sr., Hon. Nathan Clifford, Hon. Edward Fox, Hon. Lot Morrill, Hon. Charles W. Goddard, William E. Gould, Esq., Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr., George E. B. Jackson, Esq., Fabius M. Rav, Esq., Nathan Webb, Esq., Gen. Charles P. Mattocks, and others, of Portland; to Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain, of Brunswick ; and to Mr. S. M. Watson, librarian, by whose courtesy we have had access to many books of reference in the city library, and to the valuable collections of the Willis Room in that institution. In connection with the town histories, our thanks arc also due to Hon. Warren H. Vinton, of Gray ; Hon. N. S. Ijittlcfield and Professor A. F. Richardson, of Bridgton; Hon. Robert Euds, of Naples; G. Holden, Esq., of Otistield; Capt. Augustus W. Corlis, of Yarmouth; James Banks and Seth Bailey, Esq., of Freeport; Col. Samuel True, of Cumberland; Capt. H. Hight, of Scarborough ; Hon. William Goold and Thomas L. Smith, of Windham; Moses Plummer, of Pownal; Charles P. Haskell, Esq., and Rev. Otis Sawyer, of New Gloucester; Hon. Horatio J. Swascy, of Standish; Hon. Frederick Robie and Hon. Joiin A. Waterman, of Gorhara; Samuel Iiigalls and Daniel T. Richardson, Esq., of Baldwin; Hon. Jesse Piumnier, of Raymond; Samuel S. Brown and Lyman W. Holden, of Civsco. Besides these many other gentlemen have aided us in jirocuring matter for our locid histories of towns and villages, whose names are too numerous to be mentioned in this connection. We are indebtetl to the editors of the city and county press, to the clerk of the courts and his assistants, to many clergymen and incinlK'rs of .sclioul boards and town clerks, who have courteously and freely rendered us assistance in various ways. Dwiiiibcr 2J, 187y. w. w. c. CONTENTS. i3:istoi?.io^Xj. HISTOEY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. chapteh page I. — Early A''oyages and Discoveries on the Coast of Maine 9 II,- — Explorations and Temporary Settlements by tlie English 15 III. — Aboriginal Inhabitants 16 IV.— Charters and Land-Grants 22 v.— Establishment of Civil Government ... 26 VI.— The First Indian War— 1675 34 VII.— French and Indian War— 1688 .... 37 VIII.— French and Indian Wars of 1702 and 1722 . . 41 IX.— French and Indian War of 1744 .... 45 X.— Period of the Revolution 52 XI.— War of the Revolution 56 XII. — Organization of the County 62 XIII. — Physical Features 65 XIV. — Internal Improvements .73 XV.— Cumberland Bench and Bar 81 XVI.— Bench and Bar— (Coi/(;»i(eid llunin Richard May berry Albion Cobb, M.D. . Oa|>t. JaFeph Illnnchard Capt. Riulien Ulanchard t'apt. Kpliraim SturdivanW. M"?e» Thnuies . RoUrl 11. Thorn. - Oreli S. Tli.ilnej- . AllKTt Ri.l....ul . Auilrew R. Uailnii PAOB facing I2t . l'" facing 1.^1 between ICfi, 1G7 " 166, 10" facing 168 170 " 172 171 176 " 183 193 between 194, I'JS l'J+, 195 facing 196 " 19S " 200 " 202 . 204 . 20.5 . 206 . 207 . 207 . 208 . 209 . 209 . 210 facing 210 . 211 . 211 facing 218 223 225 225 227 230 231 231 231 232 248 facing 252 . 256 . 259 li.cing 263 . 263 . 263 . 263 between 2D4, 205 204, 265 facing 266 del ween 260,267 266, 207 266, 267 . 268 . 268 John Noyes George Bridghara Mnj. Adam Winslow . Adam F. AVinslow Benjamin F. Hall Grenvillc Hall . Cai)t. Albert S. Tibbctt Nathan Nyo Samuel Bliss William Goro Samuel A. Ilolbrook . Elias S. Goff John n. Roberts Rev. John Rico . Washington Bray Ebenezcr Choato David H. Cole . The Porlcy Family L. L. Ciockctt . Nicholas Hideout Joseph B. Hammond John Morgan Jcseph E. Foxcroft Otis C. Nelson . Charles P. Haskell ... Major Salomon H. Chandler Winthrop True .... William Buxton . . . • Ames Osgood, M.D. . William Osgood, M.D. Jonathan Ingalls Johnson Libby . . • • Asa M. Sylvester John and Cyrus F. Moulton Jordan L., John, and Benjamin Larr William Fitch . . . • William H. Dresser . Tobias Lord and Tobias Lord, .Ir. Col. Lemuel Rich (3d( William Rich . . • • Hon. Lcandcr Valentine . William L. Pennell . Col. Thomas Wcstbrook Hon. George Warren . Lewis P. Warren Hon. Siimuol Jordan . James M. Buzzcll, M.D. . Henry B. Walker Charles Roberts . . - ■ James Pennell . . . • William Gilmorc James M. Webb . . . • George Johnson .... Hon. William Goold ... Thomas L. Smith Richard Mayberry D. P. B. Pride . . • • George T. Pratt . John M. White . Alley Hawkcs . B. F. Dunn, Ml). Charles Rogers . Benjamin M. Bake James and James M. Bales, M.D Capt. William Bucknam . Elen/er liurbank, M.D. Augustus U. Burbank, M.D. facing PAOE 272 276 277 277 277 278 278 facing facing facing 280 " 282 " 283 . 285 286 288 303 322 " 324 . 324 . 325 . 325 between 330, 331 . 334 . 335 . 335 . 338 . 336 . 337 - . 338 facing 340 between 342, 343 " 342, 343 . 349 . 367 . 308 . 368 . 369 . 372 between 380, 3S1 •' 380, 381 . :''^2 between ."83, 383 382, 383 " 3SS, 389 " 388, 389 . 390 391 392 392 405 406 1118 410 CONTENTS. IIjXjXJSTR.J^TI02'1I13 " Marquis D. L. Lane " 102,^a03 " Charles E. Clifford . " 102,^103 " Henry B. Cleaves . " 102,JlO3 " William H. Clifford . facing vl03 " Augustine Haines . 103 " John M. Adams (steel) facing v-lO? " Edward H. Blwell . " (/'l09 " William Wellis (steel) " /lis " John T. Oilman (steel) " yi20 " S. H. Tewksbury, M.D. (s eel). . . " vl21 " Thomas A. Foster, M.D. " >'123 William C. Robinson, M.I X . . . " vl24 Israel Washburn, Jr. " 1,1'"' " Gen. C. P. Mattocks . " :151 rOKTLiI iND. View of the City of Portland and Ha rbor . . . facing 160, Residences of Israel T. Dana, Georj e T. French, Fr.ancis K. Swan, and L. D. M. Sweat . facing 164 Residence of Asa W. H. Clapp . " 166 Portrait of Asa Clapp . between 160^67 " A. W. U. Clapp 166,VI6r " George Walker . facing V 168 " S. R. Lyman " yi70 " George W. Woodman " ,,'172 « Daniel W. True " ,174 " Eben Corey " ^176 " Henry B. Hart . " ^183 Views of the Cathedral, Episcopal Residence, Kavanaugh School, St. Dominic's Church an i School . . facing 184 Portrait of Nathan Cummings . " -yigs " David Moulton between 194yi95 " Lewis B. Smith 194,^195 Store of Chas. McLaughlin & Co. 195 Portrait of Weston F. Milliken . facing v/l96 " George Burnham, Jr. " -198 " George S. Hunt " v200 H.N.Jose " . 202 " D. W. Clark . 205 " William Moulton (steel) facing , 205 ** Charles McLaughlin (stee ) . . . " .206 " George P. Wcscott (steel) between 206,> 207 " R. M. Richardson (steel) 206,.'207 " Jacob S. AYinslow (steel) facing v208 " Mark P. Emery (steel) " >209 " Charles H. Haskell . 210 " Neal R. Macalaster . 210 " William G. Davis . facing; 210 " George Burnham 211 " Capt. James Rackleff 212 " Col. James F. Miller 212 " Z. K. Harmon 213 BALDWIN. Residence of John W. Flint (with portraits) . . facing 214 , Portraits of Reuben Brown and Wife 218 BRIDGTON. View of Forest Mills facing 218~ Residence of Byron Kimball " 220-_ rtrait) lortrait) View of Town-House Residence of James P. Webb, M.D. (with Portraits of Asa and Darwin Ingalls Residence and Mills of Rufus Gibbs (with Portrait of William F. Perry . " George Taylor . View of Bridgton Academy Portraits of Moses and Albert Gould . " Enoch and John P. Perley Residence of John P. Perley Portrait of Israel P. Pcabody ** Luke Brown Residence of P. P. Burnham ** Albert F. Richardson . Portrait of R. A. Barnard . BRUNSWICK. Portraits of George and (ieorgc R. Skolfield Portrait of Clement Martin " Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain (steel) . CAPE ELIZABETH. Residence of Eben N. Perry (with portraits) Portrait of James Trickey .... " Hon. W. B. Higgins " Silas Skillen Portraits of Reuben Higgins and Wife " Jonah Dyer and Wife " A. Vf. Pcabbles and Wife Portrait of Edward F. Hill .... PAGE . 221 g 222 „_ v^223 224-,., ,m5 ^ '-225 226^ 7227 229J . 229 . 230 ig 230^ 230 ' facing ./232 " v'234 " / 248 facing 250- " v/2o2 . 258 ig ; 258 / 258 ',258 . 259 CASCO. Residence and Carriage-Factory of S. C. Watkins . facing 261 Portrait of David Duran 262 Residence of Albion Cobb, M.D. (with portraits) . facing 263- " of Hon. A. S. Holden (with portrait) . " 263- Portrait of Richard Mayberry 263 CUMBERLAND. Residence of Capt. Joseph Blanchard . . . facing 264 Portrait of Capt. Joseph Blanchard . . . between 264;' 265 Portraits of Capt. Reuben Blanchard and Wife . " 264,^265 Portrait of Capt. Ephraim Sturdivant . . . facingv 266 Residence of Moses Themes .... between 266, 267 ■ Portraits of Moses, Joseph, and Robert H. Themes " 266,^267 Residence of Oren S. Themes (with portrait) . . facing 267^ " Albert Rideout (with portrait) . . " 26S> " the late A. R. Baston (with portrait) . " 269-- FALMOUTH. facing 270 - " <- 272 274 - " 275- " 276 .. View of West Falmouth Portrait of John Noyes Residence of Grenvillo Hall (with portraits) ** Benjamin F. Hall (with portrait) . Works of the West Falmouth Manufacturing Co. Portrait of George Bridgham .... Residence of Adam F. M'iuslow (with portraits) " Capt. A. S. Tibbetts FREEPORT. Portrait of Nathan Nye facing 2S0 " Samuel Bliss " . 282 " William Gore " ,, 283 " Samuel Holbrook (steel) . . . between 284^285 " S. A. Holbrook (steel) ..." 284,-585 277 273. GORUAM. Portrait of Elias S. GofT . " John H. Roberts facing n286 CONTENTS. HjLTJSTRyJ^TIOnSrS. GRAY. PAGE Purlrait of Rev. John Uico •**•* HARRISON. Rcsulenco of Edward K. Wliilncy .... facing 3U\ " P. Tolman ...... " ^H NAPLES. Residence of lion. S. F. Porley facing 320 ^ Portrait of Wnsliington Rrny " ^2. Residence of the Into Bcnj. Goodridgc (with portraits) " 323 -~ Portrait of David H. Colo 324 Portraits of Ebcnezer, Elim, and Charles Choato . facing J324 Rccidcnee of L. L. Crockett (with portraits) . . " 325-, NEW GLOUCESTER. Residence of Joseph B. Hammond .... facing 326 -~ The Shaker Village "328 — Residence of Nicholas Rideout (with portrait) . between 330,>fe3L_ " Charles P. Haskell (with portraits) . facing 332\ " erected by Isaac Parsons, in 1762 . . " SSa " of Otis C. Nelson (with portraits) . . " 333 — " the Foxcroft family (with coat of arms) between 334, 335 — Portrait of Joseph E. Foxcroft .... " 334,^^35 " John Morgan 336 " golwmon n. Chandler (steel) • . . facing J337 " Winthrop True 338 Residence of Jabez True, in 1840 .... facing 338. The True Homestead, residence of D. W. True, in 1S80 " 338/'" NORTU VARMOUTH. Portrait of William Buxton facing 1 340 Portraits of Amos and William Osgood, M.D. . between 342^/343 OTISFIELD. Portraits of Jonathan Ingalls and Wife 350 RAYMOND. Portraits of Moses and Gideon Plummer , . . facing^'^ 354 " Henry (deceased) and Henry Jordon . " 354 SCARBOROUGH. Residence of Benjamin Larrabco .... facing 3C0 Portraits of Joseph Larrabee and Wife ... '* 360_. " Higgins' Beach and Residence of Hiram Higgins (with por- traits) facing 3C4~ - Portrait of Johnson I.ibby 3GS Asa M. Sylvester 308 Portraits of John and Capt. C. F. Moulton . . facing '368 " Jordan li., Capt. John, and Benj. Larrabco " J 369 Portrait of Cyrus Milliken " 368 SEBAGO. Residence of the late Luther Fitch (with portraits) between 370, 371 " William Fitch .... " 370, 371 STANDISH. Residence and Mills of Tobias Lord (with portraits) . facing 372 Residence of William Rich (with portraits) . . " 375 Portrait of William II. Dresser "377 " Tobias Lord, Jr 377 " Col. Lemuel Rich (3d) 377 WESTBROOK. Residence of Charles Roberts (with portraits) Portrait of Leander Valentine . " William L. Pcnnell . Portraits of George and Lewis P. Warren . Portrait of Henry B. Walker . " James Pcnnell .... " AVilliam Gilmore " James M. Webb facing 373 between 380, 381 " 380, 381 " 382,(383 . . . 391 facing 392 " ' 392 " 392 DEERING. Residence of Charles Ramsay . " J. J. Fryo . " L. B. Chapman . Portrait of Hon. Samuel Jordan " James M. Buzzell, M.D. Residence of George Johnson (with portraits) . facing 384 " 386 " 387 between 388, 389 " 388,^389 facing 393 ■ WINDHAM. Residence of J. M. White facing 394 Portrait of Hon. William Goold 403 " Thomas L. Smith 404 " Richard Mayberry facing 405 " George T. Pratt "405 " D. P. B. Pride " . 405 " J. M. White "405 " B. F. Dunn, M.D " '406 " Benjamin M. Baker " ; 406 " Alley Hawkes "406 " Charles Rogers "406 YARMOUTH. Portraits of James and James M. Bates, M.D. . facing .408 Portrait of Capt. William Bucknam .... "410 " Eleazor Burbank, M.D. (steel) . between 414, 415 " A. H. Burbank, M.D. (steel) . . " 414,415 r»X,AA^ OF CUMBERliAXI) f OIWTY MAINE. %/ \''- '"v ■ ^ - ■■ '■'■'-"" ' "-- V Pay > '■ >> ■ ,■ , ■- -' ^f^fT/^E HISTORY CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. BY W. W. CLAYTON. CHAPTER I. EARLY VOYAGES AND DISCOVEKIES ON THE COAST OF MAINE. Discovery of Verrazano — Charts of New France — Norumbega — French Fort on the Penobscot — K.\pedition of De Monts — Voyages and Charts of the Coast, by Champlain — French Settlement at St. Croix. Our local history may be properly introduced by some general remarks respecting the early voyages and discoveries on this coast. It was only six years after Columbus had discovered the West India Islands that the Cabots (John and Sebastian) sailed from England, and, making a voyage to North America, passed along this coast, though nothing definite is learned from them respecting it. Twenty-six years later, in 1524, the coast of Maine was discovered by Giovani da Verrazano, an Italian navigator, who had been sent on an exploring expedition by Francis I., king of France. The name Norumbega, by which it was called by the natives, was taken to France, and probably to Italy, by this explorer, and soon found its way into the maps and charts of those coutitries as a designation of the coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the semi-tropical regions towards Florida. Thus, in the charts of Ramusio, the Italian geogra- pher, prepared, as he says, for students in Italy, in 1556, there is a chart of New France, in which the coast south- westward from Nova Scotia appears under this ancient abo- riginal name. The remarks accompanying this chart were made by Crignon, the French geographer, who had accom- panied the famous French captain, Parmentier, in his voyage to America in 1529. He says, " Going beyond the Cape of the Bretons, there is a country contiguous thereto, the coast of which trends to the west a (juarter southwest to the country of Florida, and runs along for a good five hundred leagues, which coa.st was discovered fifteen years ago by Slaster Giovani da Verrazano in the name of the king of France and Madame la Ilegente ; and this country is called by many '■ La Francaes,' and even by the Portu- guese themselves. Its end is towards Florida under 78^ west and 38° north. The inhabitants of this country are a very pleasant, tractable, and peaceful people. The country abounds with all sorts of fruits. There grow oranges, al- monds, wild-grapes, and many other fruits of odoriferous trees. The country is named by the natives 'Norumbega,' and between it and Brazil is a great gulf in which are the islands of the West Indies discovered by the Spaniards.'* This first name, applied by European geographers to the coast of Maine, was afterwards used in a more restricted sense. Thus we find Andre Thevit, the French navigator who visited the Penobscot in 1556, applying it to that river, probably because it was deemed, at that time, the chief river, and therefore entitled to the general name of the country. Describing his entrance into the Penobscot, he says, " Here we entered a river which is one of the finest in the world. We call it Norumbega. It is marked on some charts as the Grand River. The natives call it Agency. Upon its banks the French formerly erected a small fort, about ten leagues from its mouth. It was called the Fort of Norumbega, and was surrounded by fresh water.'f We learn from this that the French, at a very early day, claimed the eastern part of the State of Maine ; that charts had been made of its coasts and principal rivers, and that they had built a fort on the Penobscot, ten leagues above its mouth, before the year 1556. Thirty-two years before this Verrazano had taken po.ssession of it in the name of the king of France, and had formed some sort of a league or treaty with the natives. The maps of Ramusio, above referred to, were made from the study of the original charts and reports of voy- ages undertaken by the Spanish, Portuguese, and French navigators. In his remarks accompanying the collection he says he " had compiled these maps, such as they were, not because he thought them perfect or complete, but be- cause he wished to satisfy the desire of Italian students, entertaining the hope that in some time to come tlicy would be improved."'}; The results of the voj'ages of Champlain along the coast of Maine, in 1605-G, were embodied in a carefully-pre- pared chart, and, in connection with a pen-^onal narrative of his expeditions, published in Paris, in 16K5. '• It is almo.'-t incredible," says the author of a late paper read before the Maine Historical Society, on the subject of these voyages, " that, in the histories of the United States, New England, and Maine, scarcely an allusion is made to this expedition under Champlain. Bancroft devoles a few lines to the op- * Maine Historical Collections, vol. i. p. 2.T1. t Singularilies of Aniarclic France, otherwise called .\meri X Maine Hist. Coll., vol. i. p. 227. 9 10 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTV, MAINE. crafions ol" Do Moiits, under the dates of 1C05-6, but docs not nienlioii Clianiplain's a-ieney. Williamson, f|uoting IVuni Belknap, gives tlie same date. Folsom notes the landing at Saoo. Judge Godfrey gives a somewhat de- tailed aecount of the discoveries in the Penobscot, but erroneously makes the date lG()5,and De Monts one of the party. I'alfrey gives three pages to Go.snoId, one to Pring, and one to Weymouth, but dismisses the French di.«cov- erics in a few disparaging linos, emphasizing the fact of their having landed at Cape Cod, but giving no account of llic detailed operations on the coast of Maine."* Happily, the lime has come when a truer history of these events can be written without any coloring from the prejudices of nationality and religion ; and to this end the valuable paper of the author above quoted furnishes an im- portant contribution. We shall follow General Brown's paper substantially in the remaining portion of this pre- liminary chapter : " In H>Wi, Chaniplain sailed with Du Pont-Grave and ex]ilored the St. Lawrence. The following year he joined the company of De Monts, not, as some historians assert, the pilot of the expedition, but especially commissioned, it would appear, by the king himself, a roj'al geographer, ordered to make discoveries and prepare maps and charts, and report directly to the crown. Three years he remained here, I'aitlifully carrying out, under circumstanecs of great hardship and peril, the instructions he had received, and the record he has left is a marvel of accuracy, patience, and indomitable courage. The entire coast line of the Gulf of Maine was reconnoitered and described, and charts made of the principal harbors, which were, in 1G13, published at Paris under his own supervision. "The expedition of De Monts was prepared with great deliberation, and its composition arranged with thoughtful reference to the needs and possibilities of the future colony. The company numbered on its rolls soldiers inured to foreign service, sailors who were familiar with American waters, skilled mechanics, and gentlemen of rank. " De Jlonts was the first to leave France, sailing from Havre de Grace on the 7th of April in a vessel commanded by Captain Timothee ; with liini were the Sieurs de Pout- rincourt and Cham))lain, and other gentlemen. Three days later, on the iDth, the other vessel, commanded by Captain Morel, of Honfleur, with the Sieur de Pont-Grav<^ and tlie rest of the company, sailed with stores to join De Monts at Canceau, which had been selected as the rendez- vous. " When at sea, however, De Monts changed his plans and directed his course to a port farther to liie westward. On the 1st of May he sighted Sable Island, on the 8tli the main land at Cape la Hove, and on the lOth made a harbor at the present Liverpool, called by him ' Port Rossignol.' On the IM\ the party disembarked at ' Port au Mouton,' and jiroeeeded to erect shelters, having determined to await here the arrival of their consort, in search of whom a .small parly was sent toward Canceau in a shallop with letters of udvicc. " Meanwhile, on the 10th of May, Champlain, accom- ' Oin. John Martball Brown, of Portland. panicd by the Sieur Ralleau, secretary of Do Monts, and ten men, left ' Port au Mouton' for the purpose of making a rcconnoissancc of the coast. lie rounded Capo Sable, passed along the west coast of Nova Scotia, and penetrated the Bay of Fundy to nearly the site of Annapolis, and then returned to ' Port au Mouton' about the middle of June. On the following day the company, now increased by the arrival of the other vessel, abandoned their temjiorary shelters. Following the course which Champlain had previously taken, they diligently explored the south and north shores of the Bay of Fundy, but without determining upon the place for their settlement. Leaving the mouth of the St. John River, and proceeding westward, they landed first upon an island, which, from the great number of birds resembling magpies (mnr/yo.s), they named ' L'IsIc aux Margos' (the little cluster is now known as ' The Wolves'). Farther to the westward could be seen other i^lands, .says Champlain, one of large extent, called by the natives ' Manthane,' a name which, under the disguise of ' Menan,' it still bears. " After leaving ' Isles aux Margos' they came to a river in the main land, and passing by the present site of East- port, they entered the broad expanse of Passamaquoddy Bay. Ascending the river, they came to a point where were two islands, on the larger of which the little colony disembarked and began at once the necessary preparations for their winter's residence. The narrative of Champlain gives a simple but vivid picture of this diminutive settle- ment of the ' Holy Cross,' so short-lived that its very site was for more than a century unknown. It is now called Neutral, or De Monts Island, and the river is fitly called by the name which the ill-starred adventurers piously gave to the first organized attempt to plant a colony on the shores of Maine. " It is well known that the vexed question of the pre- cise northeastern boundary of the United States was only determined by the identification of this i.-land, so that in more senses than one the little spot has acquired a national importance. " On the last day of August De Poutrincourt was sent back to France with Secretary Ralleau, the former to make arrangements for his own adventure at Port Royal, the latter to put in order some of the affairs of the company. What followed we give, as nearly as space will allow, in Cham- plain's own words : " * .After the depsirtnre of the vessel?,* he sajs, ' the Sieur do Monts determined to send an expedition, without loss of time, along the coast of iXoriimbetftie, and this be committctl to my charge, which was much to m.v liking. To this end I left St. Croix the 2d of Septem- ber, 1G04, with a pnttttchc of seventeen or eighteen tons, twelve sailors, and two savages as guides. This day we fimnd the vessels of the Sieur do Poutrincourt, which were anchored at the mouth of the river on account of the bad weather, and from this spot wo could not move until the lifth uf the same month, and then when two or three leagues at sea the f >g came up so thick that wc soon lost their ves- sels from sight. Continuing our course along the coa>t wc made this day some twenty-five leagues and passed by a great quantity of islands, shallows, and reefs, which extend seawards in places more than four leagues. We have named the islands " it* i»/<-a yi; of his country, and he had a fine man- ner, and all his gestures and movements were grave and dignified, savage though he was.' They gave him pres- ents, and he in return gave them a young Etcchemin from the eastward, an Indian boy whom he had made prisoner in some foray. From the Saco they proceeded to the Ken- nebec, arriving there on the 29th of July. Here they had an interview with a chieftain named Amtssoii. " Again we (|uotc from Champlain : " ' He told us there was a vessel six leagues from the harbor which had been engage I in fishing, and tlie people on board had killed five savages of this river, under the pretense of friendship, and according- to his description we judge them to be English, and named the island where they were " Le Nef," because at a distance it had that appear- " (That is, it looked like the hull of a ship.) This was Monhegan, and in these few lines are the only allusions by Champlain to contemporary English discoveries on the coast. The vessel was the ' Archangel,' under George Weymouth. "From the Kennebec our adventurers steered fur ^ Isle Ilaiilc,' arriving on the last of July, where they anchored awaiting the dawn. August 1st they proceeded to Cap Curneille, where they passed the night ; on the 2d they arrived at the old plantation at St. Croix, where they found a vessel with supplies from France. " With reference to this second voyage of Champlain, a few points are to be noticed. The previous discoveries were passed by without further investigations ; the part}' did not even enter Penobscot Bay, but the exploration of the Sheep- scot and Kennebec was thorough. " The Indians were in the interior, and while they ap- peared to have had some knowledge of P]uropeans, it was not of such a character as to warrant an opinion that, within their memory, there had been any white settlements on the coast. ClioiMcoet was the most important point discovered, and here appears to have been the only .settlement of the aborigines which had a permanent character. " Dissatisfied, both with his settlements at St. Croix, and his discoveries to the south and west along the coast, De Monts now determined to transplant his colony to Port Royal. He himself returned to France. But Champlain could not leave his work unfinished; he decided to remain, and his simple, modest narrative gives us a vivid picture of the preparations made for the ensuing winter. His hope, as he says, was to make new discoveries in the direction of Florida. "On the 1st of March, IGOG, the Sieur du Font-Grave fitted out a vessel of about eighteen tons. Ou the 16th, all being ready, they set sail, but were obliged to seek a harbor on an island to the south of Grand Menan. On the following day they made some fifty miles to the west- ward, probably near Mount Desert, but a severe storm so bufieted them that, in the little harbor where they had an- 14 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. cliorcd, they were driven ashore. After repairinj!; the fiail bark they returned to Port Royal. On the 29th of April they made another attempt, only to meet with fresh disas- tcr.-i, for, at the entranee to I'ort Royal, they were a^ain cast ashore, losing their vessel, and running imminent risk of their live.s. " Disheartened at these disasters, and the non-appearance of the vessels which were expected with supplies, Du Pont decided to return to France, and, on the lG;h of July, they abandoned Port Royal, leaving two men who iiad bravely volunteered to remain and guard the property which was left behind. After having rounded Cape Sable, however, they were gladdened by the sight of a shallop, in which was Sicur Ralleau, secretary of De Monts. lie announcod the arrival of the ' Jonas,' a vessel bringing new accessions, under the command of Poutrincourt, to the colony, among others the versatile advocate Loscarbot, the future histoiian of New France. So they gladly retraced their steps, and, on the 3 1st of July, arrived once more at Port Riyal. The new-comers set to work with commendable vigor, and the story of their daily avocations, as narrated by Lescarbot, is exceedingly entertaining; but with this our limits will not permit us to dwell. Du Pont decided to return to France and take with him all the company who p.assed with him the previous winter, with a few exceptions. Among these Cliamplain, who s.iys, ' I remained also, with the Sieur de Poutrincourt, intending, by the grace of God, to finish and perfect the chart which I had commenced of the country and the coast.' " After one ineffectual attempt, the party left Port Royal on the 5th of September, 160G. On the 7th they anchored in the St. Croix ; on the 8th they visited, in a small boat, the island where De Monts hud spent the dreary winter of 1U04-5. They found some traces of the gardens, still bear- ing some of the pot-herbs planted so long before, and some grain selfsown, and in excellent condition. Returning to their vessel, they coasted to the westward, to proceed directly to the extrciue limit of the discoveries of the preceding year; so to lose no time, on the 12th they turned towards Choua- coet, and reached the river on the 21st. Lescarbot i;ives some details of this nine days' voyage. " They were four days in reaching Penobscot Bay, hav- ing stopped en route to repair their little craft,. Passing through the Fox Islands, they reached the mouth of the Kennebec, where they were again in peril on account of the ' great currents which are peculiar to the place.' It would ajipcar also from Lescarbot that the party landed at Cape Kiizabeth before reaching Saco, but upon this point there is some doubt. Champlain adds that the Indians at Choua- coet had finished their harvest, and that he did not fail to taste the grapes on the island of Bacchus, which were ripe and quite good. From this point they made Cape Ann, and so to the southward ; but the voyage was without fruit. In a conflict with the natives they lost several of their com- pany. On the 28lh of October they set sail from Mala- barre for the Isle Haute. On the 31st, between Mount Desert and the month of the Machi;us, they lost their rud- der, and were in imminent peril. With much ingenuity they succeeded in reaching a harbor, but not until the Ulh of November, after many dangers and disasters, did they reach Port Royal. Of their enthusiastic reception, the feasting and masquerading which followed, the long winter enlivened by Lesearbot's wit, and the bonhommie of their versatile and vivacious nation, our limits will not permit us to give any description. For the purpose of this hasty in- vestigation we have nothing to do with the future of the colony. So far as we know, the three voyages of Cham- plain are the first thoroughly intelligible contribution to the cartography of Maine." A few remarks respecting the earliest French settlements on this coast will close the present chapter. On the 8th of November, 1()03, Dj Monts received of Henry IV. of France, the charter under which the settlement at Port Royal, already referred to, was made. The charter of Aca- dia embraced all the country from the fortieth to the forty- sixth degrees of north latitude, although the territory was never practically claimed farther west than the Kennebec. De Monts having obtained a commission as Lieutenant- General of France, in 1601, fitted out the expedition of which wo have already given an account in connection with the operations of Champlain. He sailed to the mouth of the St. Croix, where the company .spent one winter, and then proceeded to establish a colony on the other side of the Bay of Fundy, at a place called by them Port Royal, now Annapolis, Nova Scotia. From this place the Jesuit mission was established on one of the coast islands of Maine, called Mount Desert. De Monts having retired from the colony at Port Royal, Poutrincourt, one of his companions, assumed command, and in 1008 sent Biencourt, his son, to France for supplies of men and provisions for the colony. Two Jesuit priests, Biard and Mosse, returned with the expedition to take charge of the spiritual interests of the plantation, and to extend their missionary labors among the Indians. Soon their ambition to rule also the civil affairs of the colony manifested itself, and a quarrel arose between them and the government. Biencourt, in the ab.sence of his father in France, cau.sed the priests to remove to IMount Desert, where they established a mission and erected a fort called St. Sauveur.* Here they planted gardens, laid out grounds, and entered with zeal upon the work of their mission ; but they were not permitted long to enjoy this state of seclusion. The occupation of Port Royal, St. Croix, and Mount Desert, with a small post at the mouth of the Penobscot, the garrisoning of these posts, and the disposition of the French to extend their settlements still farther to the west, aroused the alarm of the government establi-shed by the first English settlers in Virginia, and, in 1013, they sent Capt. Argall to di.slodge the French. la the summer of that year he seized the forts at Mount Desert, St. Croix, and Port Royal, and carried their ship and pinnace, together with their ordnance, cattle, and pro- visions, to Jamestown. The French power in this quarter was thus interrupted, and it was a number of years before it recovered from this disaster. The conflicting claims growing out of the respective French and English charters were never finally settled till the downfall of Canada, nearly a hundred and fifty years later. • Sulliviin, |i. Ijfi. Hulc'rnson, x.xiii., p. 3. EXPLORATIONS AND TEMPORARY SETTLEMENTS. 15 The English occupied the country exclusively as far east as the Kennebec, and the French, except when dispossessed by treaty or actual force, had exclusive occupation as far west as the Penobscot. The country between these two rivers was debatable land, both parties continually claiming it, and each occupying it by intervals. In the commission to the French Governor before the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Acadia is described as extending to the Kennebec, and the wiiole was then ceded to the English. But in the construction of that treaty, the French restricted the ter- ritory to Nova Scotia. CHAPTER IL EXPLORATIONS AND TEMPORABY SETTLE- MENTS BY THE ENGLISH. Penobscot and Casco Bays Discovered by Martin Pring — Voyage of Captain Wo^'raouth — Situation of Pentecost Harbor — Charter of King James I. — First New England Colony — Fort St. George — Cap- tain Sinitli — Sir Ferdinando Gorges — Various Trading and Fishing Voyages to Maine. Up to the beginning of the seventeenth century no at- tempt had been made by the English to plant a colony in North America. Exploring vessels had been sent out by the government, under the command of John and Sebastian Cabot, as early as 1498 and 1499, and had sailed along the nortlicrn coast of the United States, but nothing further was done in this direction for more than a centurv. In 1G02, Gosnold sailed along the coast of Maine, and in 1003, Martin Pring discovered Penobscot and Casco Bays, and sailed six miles up the Saco River. The voyage of George Weymouth, in 1G()5, was the first attempt which had been made to sail due west from England to the coast of North America. His course brought him to Monhegan Island, eighteen miles from tlie main land at Boolhbay. lie an- chored three miles north of the island, which he named St. George, in honor of his patron saint, in a harbor wliich ho called Pentecost Harbor. The vessel in which he arrived vras named the " Archangel." He remained upon the coast for several weeks, proceeding in his pinnace sixty miles up a most excellent river, and carrying home with him five In- dians, whom he treacherously decoyed into his vessel, three of whom he gave to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, by whom one of them was sent back in 1607 with Capt. George Popham. James Rosier, an English gentleman, who accompanied Capt. Weymouth as chronicler, wrote a glowing account of the newly-discovered country in 1605, but omitted all names and observations of latitude and longitude, in order to prevent navigators of other nations from seeking the same spot. The consequence has been that the river has been guessed to be the Hudson, the James, the Saco, and more recently the Penobscot, the Kennebec, and the arm of the sea north of Monhegan, running up to South Thomas- ton, and known as the St. George. Capt. George Wey- niouth also discovered the fishing-banks, which are still known as the George's banks; and although his name has fiiiled to displace the olden Indian name of Monhegan, there is a strong presumption that the nameless river which he found may still wear, like the banks, the name of his patron saint. Dr. Belknap, the historian of New Hamp- shire, however, conjectured that Weymouth had ascended the Penob.scot River, and this opinion was generally fol- lowed, until the late John McKeen, of Brunswick, sug- gested that Rosier's description better fitted the Kcimebcc, and a few years later the Rev. David Cushman, of Warren, contended that the St. George River was intended. All these conjectures were set at rest by the publication, in 1849, by the Hakluyt Society (and afterwards by the His- torical Societies of Maine and ^Massachusetts) of William Strachey's account of the Popham settlement, written not later than 1618, and preserved in manuscript in the British Museum. Strachey was the secretary of the Virginia Com- pany, and was in Virginia from IGIO until 1612. He says, in so many words, that Capt. Weymouth made a search " sixty miles up the most excellent and beneficyall river of the Sachadehoc," and that Weymouth's report was the occa- sion of the expedition under Capt. Popham in 1607, when an attempt was made to found a colony on the Sagadahoc. But the Sagadahoc is only another name for the waters of the Kennebec below Merrymeeting Bay, including the waters which flow out through the passage opposite to Bath into the Sheepscot, and the Shcep.scot itself, which may be regarded as one of the mouths of the Kennebec. The expedition of Capt. Weymouth, together with the active movements of the French at this period, served to awaken an interest in England, and in April, 1606, a charter was obtained from King James for the whole ex- tent of country lying between the thirty-fourth and forty- fourth degrees of north latitude. This large tract was divided between two companies ; the first, reaching to the forty- first degree of north latitude, was bestowed upon a London company, the founders of the settlement at Jamestown, Va. ; and the northern part was granted to a company of adventurers in tiie town of Plymouth. Under this charter the adventurers sent out colonies in 1607. With the colony destined for Virginia we have nothing to do in this connection. Tiie one from Plymouth, destined for the northern shores, consisted of two ships and one hundred men, under command of Capt. George Popham, as presi- dent, and Capt. Raleigh Gilbert, as adiuiral. They sailed from Plymouth on the 31st of Jlay, and arrived at Mon- he"-an, on {he coast of Maine, August 11th, and thence continued on to the Kennebec, where they planted them- selves on the west bank of the river, upon the peninsula now known as Hunnewell's Point, called by the Indians Sabino. This was the first English colony, not merely in Maine, but upon the whole New England coast. Here they erected Fort St. George, on the site of which the United States government has built a fort called Fort Popham, in honor of the first governor or president of the colony.* Although the ample preparations and other circum- stances attending the expedition show that the adven- turers intended to make a permanent settlement, yet a suc- cession of peculiarly unfavorable circumstances terminated * In August, 1862, the Maine Historical Society, and a very hirge concourse of people, assembled here to celebrate the two hundred and lifty-fifth anniversary of the planting of the coiony. 16 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. the hopt's ;iiid existence of the colony in one j'car from its coniineiKrnient. Tiiey retired from the contest witli savage and inliospitiible nature with strong prejudices against the country, feeling, as Sniitii has said, tinit it was a "cold, barren, rocky, mountainous desert." Prince says that " tliey branded the country as over cold, and not habitable by our natives." " The colony," says Willis, " arrived late in the season, and had but little time to make tho.se prep- arations wliicli Were necessary to protect them from the severities of our climate in an inhospitable wilderness." From this time, for several years, little was done on the con.st of Maine e-xccpt fishing and trading with the natives. The two principal actors in this enterprise were Sir Francis I'opham and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the latter, as a future ruler and promoter of colonization, destined to play a very important part in the affairs of the colony. In 1G14 an expedition was fitted out by these gentlemen, under com- mand of Caj)t. John Smith, '• to take whales, and also to make trial of mines of gold and copper." If these failed, " fish and furs were then to be their refuge."* Smith adds, '• We found this whale-fishing to be a costly conclu- sion ; we saw many and spent much time in chasing them, but could not kill any, they being a kind oi jtihartea, and not the whale that yields fins and oil, as we expected." They were also disappointed in the mines, and he thinks the representation was " rather the device of the master to get a voyage than any knowledge he had of any such matter." During this voyage Captain Smith left his vessel, and with eight men in a boat traversed the whole coast from Penob- scot to Cape Cod. He describes Casco Bay as follows : " Westward of Kennebeke is the county of Aiwocisco, in the bottom of a large, deep bay, full of many great isles, which divide it into many great harbors."f In 1G15, Capt. Smith was again employed by Gorges and others to visit New England, with a view of beginning a setllement there. For this purpose he was furnished with two ships, and a company of sixteen men to leave in the country. He was driven back to port in a violent storm, whicli carried away his masts. On the second attempt he was captured by the French. It does not appear that this celebrated adventurer ever came to America after It) 14. He published his description of New England in Jiondon, in llilG, and died in that city in IGol.t Every year after this vessels were sent to the coast to trade with the natives and to fish, many of which made profitable voyages. In 1G15, Sir llichard Hawkins sailed from England with a commission from the Council of Plymouth^ to do what service he could for them in New England, but on his arrival here he found a destructive war prevailing among the natives, and he passed along the coast to Virginia. II In IGIG foursnij)s from Plymouth and two from London made successful voyages and obtained full cargoes of fish, * 8iiiilli> New Kngland, |i. 175. t Till' »niiic nniiiv in Kivcii (o Ilii8 biiv l.y .locclyn, and llii- natives nbcmt il arc called the ^1 i(co<:/,c.,<-, by Uoig,« in liis AmciicJV I'ainteil tu the Life, |i. 4.1. i Willis- Ilijtory of Portlnnd. J Thin cniincil cimiiielcd of thirteen nieinbcr!<, n|.|.iiin(cJ by the king, f.ir the iiion.igement of Ihc cuni|iiiny. I'rincc, ii. 4.'! ; qiiuted by Willis. which they carried to England and Spain. Sir F. Gorges also, the same year, sent out a ship under the charge of llichard Vines, who afterwards became prominent in the early history of Maine. He passed the winter at the mouth of Saco River, from which circumstance the place received the name of Winter Harbor, which it still bears. In 1G18, Capt. Edward Rocroft was sent by Gorges in a ship of two hundred tons to fish upon the coast. He cap- tured a French brig lying in one of the harbors, sent her crew in his own ship to England, and retained the brig with a view to winter here, but .some of his men conspiring to kill him and run away with the prize, he put them on shore at Sawguatock (Saco), and in December sailed for Virginia. The men who were thus left succeeded in getting to Mon- hegan Island, where they spent the winter, and were re- lieved in the spring by Capt. Desmer, in another of Gorges' ships. It is probable that at this time buildings or tem- porary shelters had been erected upon the island, as it had become a convenient resort for fishermen. CHAPTER III. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. Tribal Divisions — Abcnaqiies — Etechemins — Sokolii.? — Canibns — An- asagunticooks — Migration of the Tribes Eastward — Tarratines — Vincent de St. Castine- — Tabular Statement of Indians in Maine — Noted Chiefs and Sachems. The Indians who inhabited this portion of Maine at the time of the advent of the first Europeans were undoubtedly all of one race or tribe, — the Aheiiriqiws, or " Men of the East." Farther to the eastward there dwelt the Eteche- mins, or " Eastland People," who were a tribe, or rather a number of tribes, belonging originally to the same general family. Williamson says, " They were all, without doubt, descendants of the same original stock, and for an unknown period after the discovery of America the tribes were prob- ably members of the same political family, differing little in language, looks, habits, or ideas of con federative union." It would appear from the testimony of Capt. Francis, of the Peiiohscot tribe, who is admitted to have been excellent authority on the subject, that the migration of the tribes was ea.stward from the Saco River, where the oldest of them had their ancient .seat. He assured Mr. Williamson that all the tribes between the Saco and the St.' John, both inclusive, were brothers ; that the oldest lived on the Saco ; that each tribe was younger as we pass eastward, like the sons of the same father; though the one at Passama(juoddy was the youngest of all, proceeding from those upon the rivers St. John and Penobscot. " Always," he .says, " I could under- stand the.sc brothers very well when they speak ; but when the Miclcnidcks or the A/yoiiqiiiiis, or Canada Indians speak, I cannot tell all what they say.^ The Aliiiiaqiies were divided into four tribes, viz. : the Sukokis, or Sdcaes, sometimes called SnckhigiJiicx, who lived on the Saco River; the Aiidsayniillciolci, who held dominion upon the Androscoggin ; the Otnibas, or Keiiabes, who had % Drake's Book of the Indians, iii., page 17.1. AliOEIGINAL INHABITANTS. 17 their villages upon the Kennebec; and the Wawenncks, who inhabited the country eastward of Kennebec to and including!; the river St. George. Tiie Sokfikis, or Snco Indians, were a numerous people till the first Indian war. The immediate residence of their sagamores was upon Indian Island, just above the lower falls. Two of them, Fluellen and Capt. Sunday, conveyed lands, but when their successor, Squando, died, the glory seemed to depart from the tribe, and it gradually wasted away. In 1G15 there were two branches of the tribe and two principal villages. One was within the great bend of the river, at Pegwacket, or Fryeburgh ; the other fifteen or twenty miles below, on the banks of the Great Ossipee. Here, before King Philip's war, they employed English engineers and carpenters, and built a strong fort of timber, fourteen feet in height, with bastions, intending it as a pro- tection against the Mohawks* The Mohawks and their associates of the Five Nations were at this time a terror to all the tribes of New England as far east as the Kennebec liiver. They had carried their conquests into Canada, sub- jugating the once powerful nation of the Iliiroiis; had conquered and placed under tribute the tribes on Long Island and on the Connecticut ; had subdued the Eines and Neutral Nation in Western New York, driven the Adiion- (hies from their strongholds across the St. Lawrence, con- (|uered the Audastes of the Susquehanna, the Delawares on the bay and river of that name, and had carried their victorious arms into the valleys of the Ohio and the Missis- sippi. Smith, in his " History of New York," says that all the surrounding tribes had been conquered by them, and that they acknowledged their subjection by paying them tribute. The Five Nations were enemies of the French and allies of the English, and were a very important factor iu determining which nation should hold permanent pos- session in North America. There is one instance related in the history of New Hampshire in which the powerful aid of the Mohmoks was invoked against the French Indians from Penobscot, the Tdrrali'iies, who wore pushing their depredations as far west as the settlements in that region. In 1G77 two messengers, Majs. Pinchon and Richards, were sent to the country of the Mohawks to secure their aid in driving out the Tarratliies. They were kindly received, and promised to render the assistance sought. Accordingly, some parties of them came down the country about the middle of March, and the first ahum was given at Amoskeag Falls, where the son of Wonnolancet, being hunting, discovered fifteen In- dians on the other side, who called to him in a language he did not understand ; upon which he fled, and they fired nearly thirty shots at him without effect. Presently they were discovered in a woods near Cochecho. Maj. Waldron sent out eight of his Indians, whereof Blind Will was one, to make further discoveries. They were all surprised to- gether by a company of Mohuwks; two or three escaped, the others being all killed or taken priijoners. ' Will was dragged away by his hair, and, being wounded, perished in the woods on a neck of land formed by the confluence of Cochecho and Isinglass Rivers, which still bears the ' See La Iloutan ; Gorgc.=, p. 83; Hubbard's Indim Wars, p. 3S9. 3 name of Blind Will's Nock.f This was evidently a mis- take on the part of the Molinwks, supposing that the friendly Indians sent out by Maj. Waldron, for purpo.scs merely of inspection, were a band of the enemy. Blind Will had been a brave ally of the English in King Philip's war. No people ever defended their native country with more valor and obstinacy than did the Sokokt's tlieirs, especially in Livell's war. A number of them, relinquishing the French interest in 17-1-t for the ranks of the English, at the siege of Louisbourg distinguished themselves among the bravest soldiers. Afterwards they could muster only about a dozen fighting men, and before the capture of Quebec the tribe had become e.^ctinct.J The Amisngiintlco'/ks, or Amdniscogiiis, as they are called by Mather, Hubbard, and some others, were origi- nally a numerous and powerful tribe, inhabiting the coun- try upon the waters of the Androscoggin, from its source to Merrymeeting Bay, and on the west side of the Ken- nebec to the sea. At Pejepscot, or Brunswick Falls, they had their usual encampments or place of resort. This was one of the great trails or passes between the eastern and western tribes, where the savages met in council to plan expeditions against the English. § The AiHisagiuiticooks were a warlike people. A short distance above the Great Falls they had a fort, which was destroyed by the English in 1690. " No tribe," says Wil- liamson, " was less interrupted in their fi.shing and fowling, and yet none were more uniformly and bitterly hostile to- wards the colonists." There were two reasons for this : the first was that the early European explorers, particularly the Portuguese and the English, had been treacherous towards them, decoying them into their vessels and kidnap- ping their chief men of rank, and taking them away to foreign countries ;|| and in the second place they were under the influence of the French, who taught them to hate and distrust the English. The venal and mercenary character of some of the early traders also destroyed their confidence, and they wreaked their first revenge upon those of that class nearest to them. At the first sound of Philip's war they fell upon the plantation of Thomas Purchase, the original settler, killed his cattle, and carried away most of his effects. Tarumkin, Worunibo, and Hagkins, their sag- amores, were brave men, but the tribe wasted away during the wars, and in 1744 they were able to muster only one hundred and sixty fighting men. Warumbo and five other sagamores sold the land.s between Sagadahoc and Maquoit, to the sea and the islands, July 7, 1G83.^ These Indians were the earliest whom the French drew off to the St. Fiatifois settlement in Canada. f Belknap's History of New Hampshire, i. 125. J Jliissiichuselts Letter-Book, p. 114; Douglas, p. loS. J.Sullivan, p. 178. 1[ Casper Cortereal, the I'ortugueso navigator, in 1300, enticed fifty- seven of the n;itivcs (men and boys) on board his ship, and luring them below deck, closed the hutehways upon them, and carried them off to sell them as slaves iu Spain. Weymouth, the captain of the " Archangel," in 1B03, kidnapped in a similar manner five natives, all nun of rank, and took them, with their canoes, bows, and arrows, to England. One of theui, Squantum, after his return, was the first Indian who visited the Pilgrims on their arrival at Plymouth. Sec Life of Miles .St^mdish. f Kennebec Claims, p. 7. 18 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. When tlic Revolution coiiiuicnced, tlicrc were only about forty of the tribe, wlio made the shores, tlic ponds, and tlie ishinds of tlie Androscoir;.;in their prineipal home. Piiilip Will, who afterwards became a chief of this tribe, was in the siejjc of Louisbour'' at the aj^e of fourteen, and was taken prisoner by tlio Frencli. Remaining witii tlic rem- nant of his tribe, he was brought up in the family of Mr. Crocker, where he was taught to read and write the Eng- lish language, and arithmetic. He was six feet three inches in height and well proportioned. Tiie tribe made him chief, and for many 3'ears he was instrumental in preventing their utter extinction.* The I'ljrpscol Indians were, in all probability, a sub-tribe of the AiKisiijiiiiticoo/cs. They had customary places of resort, if not permanent jilaces of residence, at the Bruns- wick Falls, at Maquoit, and at Mare Point. It is now con- sidered probable, from the remains and relics found there, that the latter was the place of one of their villages in the si.xteenth century. The plague which broke out among them about the year 1(115 or lOltJ so reduced them that, in the latter year, they numbered only fifteen hundred war- riors. They were still further reduced in number by war- fare and other causes, so that there were, according to one authority, on Nov. 24, 172(;, only five Indians in the tribe over sixteen years of age. John Hegon was their sachem at this time. Twenty-five years later there were one hun- dred and sixty warriors in the tribe. This was a large increase, but yet it shows how weak the tribe had become. The settlement of the region occupied by this tribe, sub- sequent to the time of King Philip's war, presents contin- ual .scenes of carnage and destruction, midnight massacres and conflagrations, until the tribe itself became extinct. The language of the Abenaki nation has been carefully studied by many competent students, but the difficulties in the way of thoroughly understanding the difl^erent dialects are so great that much uncertainty still exists, both as to the correct pronunciation and derivation, and also as to the meaning of very many of the names formerly applied to localities. The Cauihas had their residence on the Kennebec River, where, Hubbard says, "were great numbers of tbcm when the river was first discovered." The tribe consisted of two or three branches ; for while Monquine, Kennebis, Abba- gadussett, between 1048 and 16(15, in the capacity of chief cagamores, conveyed to the English all tlie lands (ten miles in width) on each side of the river from gwan Island to Wcssarunsctt River, Elderumkon, another sagamore, made conyeyances on Steven's and Muddy Rivers in 1G70; and Essemcnosque certified in 1(153 that the region of Teconnet belonged to him and the wife of Watchogo. The principal residence of Kennebis, the head-chief, and of his predeces- sors of the same rank and title, was on Swan Island, in a most delightful situation, and that of Abbagadussett be- tween a river of his name and the Kennebec, on the north-' em borders of Merrymeeting Bay. The territories which the tribe claimed extended from the sources of the Kenne- bec to Merrymeeting Bay, and included the islands on the eastern side of the Sagadahoc to the sea. ' llutchinton, p. 266. While Jeffreys, Charlevoix, La Houtan, and others call this tribe the Cmiiljcis, the name of " Nurrhlgncoclcs" is given them by Mather, Douglass, and most modern Eng- lish writers, — evidently from the name of their famous vil- lage. This was the residence of the French missionaries, who early taught the tribe the forms of worship and doctrines of the Roman Catholic religion. The derivation of the name Norridgewock has been given as follows: " ' Norridge' (falls), and ' wock' (smoolh iva/et'), i.e., little falls and intervals of smooth water above and below. 'f This old village of the Indians was a very pleasant site opposite the mouth of Sandy River. It was the general and almost the only resort of the tribe immediately after their ranks be- came thinned, and a spot consecrated to them by every sacred and endearing association. The WiiwenocJis inhabited the country east of the Ken- nebec to and including the St. George River. Capt. Smith, while in the harbor of the latter river, in 1608, was urged by the natives to pay court to the great Bashaba, the ruling prince or superior chief The early colonists also, at the mouth of the Kennebec, were urged by the natives to pay their respects to this great chief Moxus, Wegunganet, Wivourua, and succeeding sagamores sold lands to the English at Woolwich, Damariscotta, and other places in that (piartcr. The habitation of the Bashaba was near Pemaquid. But subsequent to his death the principal headquarters of the tribe was on the westerly side of the Sheepscot River, near the lower falls. From this circumstance Hubbard speaks of them as the " Sheepscot Indians." Broken and wasted by the disasters of the great w.ir in which the Bashaba was slain, they were never afterwards cither powerful or numerous. In 1747 there were only two or three families of them remaining, and in a few years afler all of them were induced by the French to join the St. Fran9ois settleiuent in Canada. They were a brave, active people. Capt. Francis said the name WaicoiocJis signifies "vert/ brave, fearing iiothlng." According to Capt. Smith they were strong, beautiful, and very witty. The men had a perfect constitution of body ; were of comely proportion and quite athletic. They would row their canoes faster, he says, with five paddles than his own men could their boats with eight oars. They had no beards, he says, and thought ours counterfeits. Their women, though of lower stature, were fleshy and well formed, — all habited in skins, like the men. This tribe was always in alliance with the Canibas, unchanging in peace and in war, and appear in this character till their last treaty with the English. The other division of the aboriginal people of Maine, — the Efccheittiiis, — inhabiting the eastern portion of the State, we can only briefly mention. The geographical ter- ritory of the tribes of this division is placed by Heriuon Moll, upon his map of the English Empire in Americji, along the banks and at the heads of the rivers Penobscot and St. John, Citstwardly to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and southwardly to the Bay of Pundy. The charter of Nova Scotia to Sir William Alexander, 1620, mentions the Bay of Fundy as dividing " the Elecliemins on the north from t C»pt. Francis, quoted by Williamson, i. 467. ABORIGLNAL INHABITANTS. 19 the Soiiriqiiois, or MickmacJcs, on the south." This great tribe, or nation, of Indians was divided into the Tarratines, the native inhabitants of tlie Penobscot ; the Opeiutgos, or Qiioihli/, Indians, who had their residence on the Sciioodic and Passamaquoddy Bay ; and the Marcchiles, who inhab- ited the great River St. John, called by them the Ouy- gondy. Of the Tarratines, Williamson says, " They were a numerous, powerful, and warlike people, more hardy and bravo than their western enemies, whom they often plun- dered and killed." According to Hubbard and Prince, they kept the sagamores, between the Piseataqua and the Mystic, in perpetual fear. After the conquest and glory achieved in their battles with the Bashaba and his allies, they were not, like their enemies, wasted by disease and famine. They retained their valor, animated by success and strengthened by an early use and supply of firearms, with which they were furnished by the French. Less dis- turbed than the western tribes in the enjoyment of their possessions, and also more discreet, they were always re- luctant to plunge into hostilities against the KnglLsh, and hence were neutral, and were even supplied with provisions by Massachusetts during the first Indian war.* The most notable fact in the history of these Indians was the settlement among them of the Baron Vincent de St. Castine, who married four or five wives of their nation, one the daughter of Madokawando, chief sagamore of the tribe. Born at Oleron, a province in France, Castine ac- quired an early taste for adventure. He was of noble birth, well educated, and of good abilities, all of which obtained for him an appointment of colonel in the King's Body- Guard, from which ofiice he was transferred to the command of a regiment called the " Corignan Salieres." Afterwards, through the influence of the Governor-General, the baron and his troops were transferred to Canada. At the close of the war the regiment was disbanded, and ho himself dis- charged from the service. Taking umbrage probably at the treatment he received, and actuated by motives never fully divulged, as Li Houtau says, " he threw himself upon the savages." His settled abode was on the peninsula where D'Aulney had resided, and where he found means to construct a com- modious house for trade and habitation. He was a liberal Catholic, though devout and punctilious in his religious observances, having usually in his train several Jesuit mis- sionaries. He learned to speak with ease the Indian dialect ; he supplied the Indians with firearms, and taught them the art of war ; he traded with them, made them presents, and, being a man of fascinating manners and address, he soon gained a complete ascendency over the whole tribe. lie lived in the country about thirty years, and, as Abbe Iley- nal says, " conformed himself in all respects to the maimers and customs of the natives." Castine had several daughters, to whom " he gave liberal portions and married handsomely to Frenchmen, and one son, ' Castine -the younger,' who was a man of distinction and excellent character. " The Governors of New England and of Canada, ap- prised of his influence, wealth, and military knowledge, * i Mas8.vchuse:ts Records, pp. 50, (')6. were, for obvious reasons, the courtiers of his friendship and favor.'""!" NOTED CHIEFS AND SACHEMS. Madokawando, the great chief of the Penobscot tribe, was the adopted son of a chief called Assiminasqua. " lie was not an enemy, nor do we learn that his people had committed any depredations until after some English spoiled his corn and otherwise did him damage." J The English, seeing that a storm was gathering, sent agents to try to conciliate the Indians. The latter in the course of the interview said, " We were driven from our corn last year by the people about Kennebec, and many of us died. We had no powder and shot to kill venison and game with to prevent it. If you English were our friends, as you pretend you are, you would not suffer us to starve as we did." A council was agreed upon at Taconnet. Mugg was sent as a messenger to Squando, and divers Andros- coggin sachems had repaired to tlie place. On the arrival of the English they were honored with a salute, and con- ducted into the council-house. Madokawando presided over the negotiations; with him were associated Assimin- asqua, Tarumkin, Ilopehood, Mugg, and many attendants. Assiminasqua was the chief speaker, wiio said, "It is not our custom when messengers come to treat for peace to seize upon their persons, as sometimes the Moliawlcs do ; yea, as the English have done, seizing upon fourteen Indians, our men, who went to treat with you, — setting a guard over them and taking away their guns. This is not all, but a second time you required our guns, and demanded us to come down unto you, or else you would kill us. This was the cause of our leaving both our fort and our corn, to our great loss." This speech caused great embarras.sment to the English, who could not but disapprove of the conduct complained of, and they told the Indians that the parties who did these things could not be punished, as they were beyond the reach of their jurisdiction. The Indians were not satisfied with this answer. In the afternoon Tarumkin was the orator. He said, "I have been to the westward, where I have found many Indians unwilling to make peace ; but for my own part I am willing," which he confirmed by taking the English by the hand, as did seven or eight of iiis men, among whom were Mugg and llobinhood's son. The English had now, as Ihejj supposed, got matters under good progress, but Ma- f Williamson gives the following table, showing the number of In- (liiin warriors in Maine in 1C15, or before they began to be reduced by wars with the whites : Aheiiaqiiea estimated thus, — Warriors. Sul.-ok!a "J"" Aiiamguiitkouku I aUO Crtiiibaa loUO Waweuoeks 11«« 5,000 Eicchemins thus, — T„rral!;e, 2400 Oim\in of Ul.n-k- I'miil, consiftiiig of about 50 Uwulliiig-lmusi*, nnli, salt ami fnsli, ami a com mill. To Ihc southward of tlic /'..i"i.( ("I"'" »■•'''-••' ""■"•■ stages for fishermen) lie two small islands; be>imd the Point. North eastward runs the river of SpurwinU. . . . •' Four mile* from Illack roinl.ono mile from Spurwink Uivcr, east- ward, lyeth Kichinund's Island, whoso long, is ;il7° ;!0" ami bit. 1-H° .')4'; it is ;! miles in eircumfcrenee, and hath a passable and gravelly ford on ihe north side, between the main and Ihc sea at low water; here are foumi excellint whetstones, and here likewise are stages for fishermen. Nino miles eastward of Black I'oint lieth scatteringly the town of Cimo upon a largo bay, stored with ealtic, shecji, swine, abunJonee of marsh and arable land, a eornniill or two, with stages for lishermin. Further eastward is the town of Kennibec, seated upon the river. Fui Iher yet eastward is Sagadehock, where there are many houses .seattering, and all along .«tages for fishermen ; these two are stored with eatlle and corn lands. . . . " Twelve miles from Caseo Bay, and passable for men and horses, is a lake c.illol by the Indians .Scbug, on the brink thereof, at one end, is Ihc famous rock shaped like a ni'inne deer or hell,-, dinphiiiititK, and called the Jloose Uock. Hero are found stones like chrystals and la)iis speculaiis or mnscovia glass, both white and purple. . . . "From Sagadehock to Nova Scotia is called the Duke of York's province, horo Pomaquid, Moiitinieus, Mohegan, Capeanawhagen, whoro C'apt. Smith lisht for wliales.Museataqnid, all filled with dwell- ing-houses and stages for fishermen, and have plenty of cattle, arable land, and marshes." Mr. Jocelyii also in the sanio bouk y;ivcs the following account of the occupations and character of the ancient in- habitants, page 207 : "The people in the Province of .Maine may be divided into magis- trates, husbanduien or planters, and fishermen ; of the magistrates some be royalists, the rest perverse spirits, the like arc tlic planters and fishers, of which some be planters and fishers both, others meor fishers. " llandieraftsnun there are but few, tlie tunulor or cooper, smiths and carpenters are best welcome amongst thom, shopkeepers there are nunc, being supplied by the Massachusetts merchants with all things they stand in need of. Kngtish shoes are sold for 8 or 9 shils. a pair, worsted stockings of ;i«. 6, 1(j45: " ' To the honoured govcrnour iind deputy governour, iinil Cduit of assis'ants of the Massaehusctts colony, these, llonoured sirs, in:iy it please you, I have lately reeeived from Jlr. Kighy, letters of iiistrue- tion and advice to proceed in the government of Ligonia, and because wo are opi)Oscd by Mr. \^incs and others, his confederates, that wo could nut proceed according to our instructions, and being daily threatened, and arc still in danger of our lives, and also to have our- selves seized on by them for not submitting to a pretended authority to them given by Sir F. Ciorges, without any lawful commission, and thereupon we are in danger of being ruined and undone, unless the Lord do move your hearts to protect us with your assistance. I do not hereby presume to direct you, but humbl}' crave leave to show mine opinion, which is that if you will bo pleased to write but your general letter to our opponent-s to deter them from their illegal pro- ceedings, and a letter to our peoi>lc of Ligonia, to advise and encour- age tliem, that notwithstanding Mr. Vines and the rest do oppose, that they may and ought to adhere to Mr. Uigby's lawful authority. I hope you may not need to put yourselves to any further troulile to finish the work, but in so doing you will much oblige Mr. Rigby unto you all, who doubtless would have sent over other order at this time if ho had known the injuries oEforcd him and us. These Ict'ers now come are in answer of my letters sent to him on ray first arrival sind not of my last nor of the ... of the commissioners, as you may see by the date of them. I herein shall send you Mr. Rigby's letter of request to you and also a Ictt-r of his to me, whereby you may see how the parliament approves of his proceeding, and that we may expect fur- ther orders forthwith, and in the interim we do most huuibly beseech you to afford us such speedy assistance as the necessity of our )ireseut condition requires, and we shall forever petition the throne of grace for you oil, and rest your humble servants. George Cleaves, for and in behalf of the people of Ligonia. f " This letter produced no alteration in the policy of Mas- sachusetts, and in October following, Vines held his court as usual, assisted by Richard Bonighton, Henry Jocelyn, Francis Robinson, Arthur Macwortb, Edward Small, and Abraham I'reble.J It being represented at this court, ' that not having heard from Sir Ferdinando Gorges of late for establishment of government,' they proceeded to elect Richard Vines, Esq., deputy Governor for the year, and 'if lie should depart, Henry Jocelyn to be deputy in his place.' They also laid a tax for the charges of the Gen- eral Court, in which Casco is assessed ten shillings, Saco eleven shillings, Gorgiana§ one pound. Piscataipia, which •2 Winth., 155. t From files in .'cerclary's office, Mass. X Uobinsiin lived in Saco, Macworth in Caseo, Preble in Agamenli- cus. These persons may be supposed to bo Iho leaders in their re- spective plantations of the party of (lorgcs. J .Agauicniicus, now York, was incorporated as a eiiy by Gorges in included Kittery and Berwick, two pounds ten shillings. The cortiScatea before referred to, respecting the articles exhibited against Vines by Cleaves, were off"ered, and his practices censured ; but some allowance is undoubtedly to be made by us for the unfavorable light in which Cleaves appears in this transaction, since we receive the representa- tion of it from bitter and prejudiced opponents, who acted under the highest degree of excitement, and having no op- portunity to hear the exculpation of the accused party. "Vines sold his patent to Dr. Child in October, 1G4.'), and soon after left the proviiice.|| Henry Jocelyn suc- ceeded to the office of deputy Governor. The contest had increased to such a height, that in the beginning of 1G4G Cleaves was threatened with personal violence ; he therefore once more appealed to Massachusetts to aid him in this emergency. The other party also making their representa- tions to the same power, that government addressed a letter to each of them, persuading them to suspend their hostili- ties, and live in peace until the arrival of the next ships, by which it was expected that an order would come from the commissioners of the colonies to adjust the controversy. On receiving these letters, both parties came to the determina- tion of referring the subjects of contention between them to the arbitration of the court of assistants of Massachusetts, to be held at Boston, June 3, 1G4G. At the time appointed. Cleaves and Tucker appeared in support of Rigby's title, and Henry Jocelyn and Mr. Roberts for Gorges. "i[ " The result of this arbitration was inconclusive and un- satisfiictory. Winthrop** says, — *" Upon a full hearing, both parties fai!cd in their pronf. The plaintiff (Cleaves) could r.ot prove the place in question to be within his patent, nor could derive a good title of the patent itself to Jlr. Rigby, there being si.\ or eight patentees, and the assignment from only two of them. Also the delcudant had no patent of the province, but only a copy thereof attested by witnesses which was not pleadable in law. Which so perplexed the jury that they could find for neither, hut gave in a non liquet. And because both parties would have it tried by a jury, the magistrates forebore to deal any further in it." " The government of Massachusetts were undoubtedly quite willing that the cause should take this direction, they preferred to keep neutral and not identifj' themselves with either party until they could safely do it under the decision of the commissioners for the plantations in England. This decision arrived soon after, and declared Rigby to be the ' rightful owner and proprietor of the province of Ligonia, by virtue of conveyances, whereby the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing the said province is settled.' The 1611, by the name of ."Vgamenticus ; the next year a new charter was granted, giving it the name of Gorgiana; Thomas Gorges was ap- pointed the first mayor by the charter. This tax exhibits the relative value of the settlements in Maine at that time, if Casco were fully taxed, of which, from its having a separate government, there may bo some doubt. II Vines must have had one daughter at least. I find a petition to Andros on Massachusetts files from \'ines Kllacott for Cousins* Island in Casco Bay, in which he styles himself a grandson of Capt. Richard Vines. % I think there must be some mistake in this name; I find no such |)erson in the province at that time; a Giles Roberts subsequently lived at Dhick Point. I have thought it probable that Francis Rob- inson was intended ; he was a respectable magistrate of Gorges' Court at this period, and lived at Saco. »» 2 M'inth., 2J6. ESTABLISHMENT OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 31 commissioners furtlier ordered that all the inhabitants of said province should yield obedience to Kigby ; and tlie (government of Massachusetts was required, in case of resist- ance, to render support to his autliority.* " Winthropf says tliat the decision of the commissioners brought the bounds of the patent to the sea-side, when by the hmguage of it, it fell twenty miles short : this explains what he before said in speaking of the evidence adduced by Cleaves in support of Rigby's title, that the grant did not cover the disputed territory. "This decree was the result of political events in Eng- land ; the republican party was now triumphant, and Gor- ges, who had been taken prisoner at the siege of Bristol in 1G45, and imprisoned, was probably now dead:.! although, why the title to the province of Ligonia was not good, as to the soil at least, may be difficult to comprehend. The patent bears date previous to the title of Gorges, setting aside the grant of 1G22, which appears never to have been executed ; the proprietors came over and took possession, and no evidence remains that the patent was ever relin- quished, or the title revoked. But the sovereignty or the right of government is placed on a different ground, and not having been transferred to the proprietors that we have any evidence of, must have reverted to the king, with the surrender of the grand patent by the Council of Plymouth. The question then arises, whether the charter of the king to Gorges, conveyed the riglit of government to him within the province of Ligonia, which was then held under another and distinct title. But this (juestion we shall not stop to discuss. " Cleaves, now triumphant over his adversaries, assumed undisputed sway in the whole province of Ligonia, extend- ing from Cape Porpoise to Cape Elizabeth, including both. Under this government were the settlements at Cape Por- poise, Winter Harbor and Saco, Black and Blue Points, now Scarborough, Spurwink, Ilichmond's Island, and Casco. Saco was the largest, and the next, those of Spurwink and Ilichmond's Island. He immediately commenced making grants in liis newly acquired territory : as early as 3Iay, 16-17, he granted to Richard Moore four hundred acres in Cape Porpoise, and in September of the same year he con- veyed to John Bush a tract ' in the village of Cape Por- pus ;' he also made grants in Scarborough and Falmouth, all of them as the agent of Col. Alexander lligby, presi- dent and proprietor of the province of Ligonia. § " Records of only three courts held by Cleaves are now to be found, and these are very imperfect ; one relates to a court held at Black Point, by George Cleaves, Henry Jooe- lyn, and Robert Jordan, in which merely the appointment of an administrator is noticed; and the others held at Casco, ill September and December of the same year, ex- hibit the proceedings which took place on the petition of Robert Jordan, the executor of John Winter, for the allowance of his claim against Trelawny. The style of * Sullivan, 314, who cites an ancient British manuscript. t 2. S20. i lu June, 1G47, Gorges' friends, in the western part uf the Stiitc, addressed a letter to his Iiehs. I Rigby was a sergeant at law, and one of the Barons of the E.i- chequer in the kingdom of England; Cleaves was styled deputy prtsidint. the court, as we learn from Jordan's petition, was the ' General Assembly of the Province of Ligonia.' AVe owe the preservation of this record to the vigilance of private interest, and not to the care of public officers. The re- peated changes in government, the confusion of the times, but most of all, the desolation spread over the whole eastern country by Indian hostilities, have been fatal to the pres- ervation of any perfect records either of the courts or towns. "INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENT. " After the decision which separated Ligonia fioni the province of Maine, and the death of Gorges, the people in the western part of the State, in 1649, formed a combina- tion for their own government, and elected Edward God- frey their Governor ;|| the first General Court under this combination was held at Gorgiana (York), in July of that year. In consequence of the state of affairs in England, which deprived them of the aid of their chief proprietor, they petitioned parliament in 1651, to take them under their protection and confirm their independent govern- ment ;f but parliament not regarding their petition, they were obliged in 1652 to submit to the jurisdiction of Mas- sachusetts. Hutchinson, speaking of this period and this province, says, ' the people were in confusion and the au- thority of government at an end.'** " We have no means of determining with precision how the government in Ligonia was constituted. We find a general assembly in existence, and suppose it was formed upon tlie plan of that in Massachusetts, or of that proposed by Gorges : that is, by assistants or counselors appointed by the president or his deputy, and deputies chosen by the people. In fact Edward Rigby, son of Alexander, in a letter written in 1G52 to the province, speaks of the six assistants and the judges. The proceedings of the assembly in September, 1648, are subscribed by George Cleaves, deputy president, Wm. Royall, Henry Watts, John Cossons, Peter Hill, and Robert Booth.-jf We meet with nothing in the records which indicate that the affairs of the province were not correctly administered, and conducted without confusion or interruption, until the death of Rigby, the chief proprietor, which took place in August, 1G50.J::}: After the news of this event, the old opposition to Rigby's govern- ment was revived, and we may conjecture iVom Edward Rigby's letter, before referred to, that the object of the opposition was to form a comhinutiuii and establish an independent government ; he writes, that if they do ' not desist from their private and secret combinations and prac- tices and join with him, his deputy and other officers for the peace of the province, he will take such course as shall not only force a submission, but also a reparation for all their mi.sdeeds.' This letter was dated London, July 19, 1G52, and addressed to ' 5Ir. Henry Joceling, Mr. Robert Jordan, Mr. Arthur Macworth, Mr. Thomas Williams, as also to Robert Booth, Morgan Howell, John Wadleigh, II Sul., 320. ; 1 Mass. II. Col. fSul., 322. «s 1 Hut., IC3. tf Royall and Cossons were from ^Vestcustogo, now Xorlh Yarmouth, Hill and ISiioth were from Saco, and AVatts from Scarborough. tt 1 Ilaz., o70; Sul., 317. 32 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTV, MAINE. Jonas Bailey, Tliomas Morris, Hugh IMosler, and to all others whom these may coneern, these present in Li;;onia.'* It appears by this letter, that Cleaves was then in England, for he says, ' I shall with all convenient speed, not only send lack Mr. Cfcavci, but a near kinsman of my own.' " How the government was conducted after this time we have no moans of ascertaining; Cleaves did not return until after Feb. 20, 1G53, and although the majority of the inhabitants of Cape Porpoise and Saco submitted to the jurisdiction of JIas.*achusctts, in 1()52, he contrived to keep up some show of power in the eastern part of the province until the submission of the remaining inhabitants in 1G58. " JIassachusetts having now extended her jurisdiction to the Saco River, continued her exertions, without relaxation, to spread it over the whole of her claim. But she was resisted in the ca.stern part of the province, both upon political and religious grounds. The most influential men cast of Saco River were decidedly Episcopalian in their form of worship, and looked with dread upon the uncom- promising, and we may add, untolcrating spirit of the puritan government of JIa.ssachusetts. At the head of this party were Robert Jordan, Henry Jocelyn, and Arthur Macworth, all firm in the faith, po.ssessing great influence, and deter- mined to resist while there was hope of success. On the other hand, George Cleaves and others were stimulated iu their opposition by the possession of power which they were anxious to maintain. In 1654, Jordan was committed to prison in Boston, and, about the same time, he and Jocelyn were summoned by the General Court to appear before the commissioners at York, which they declined doing; in 1G57 a letter was addressed to them by ihc government, but without efl"oct, urging them to meet their commissioners at York ' appointed for settling government in the eastern parts. '| "In 1055, Cleaves went to Boston in behalf of the in- habitants of Ligonia to protest against the proceedings of Mas.sachusetts. On the 24th of October the government returned him a formal answer, in which they urged their claim, exhibiting their patent and the report of the persons who had surveyed their bounds ; they stated that they de- sired to treat the inhabitants of the province which fell within their limits with civility and friendship, but insisted on their right to the jurisdiction over the territory to their utmost eastern limits. They say, — " ' Wc have not endeavored to infringe the liberties of the planters of tkotic lands, but have oflfercd them the sauic with ourselves, nor to cnrieh or case ourselves by t-.ixing their estates, we e.\pcct no more than what they formerly did, viz., to bear their own charges; nor do wc seek to put upon theui lliat which we ourselves would count un- equal, viz., to be subject to such laws and constitutions ujade by others without their consent.';^ "In August, 1G56, sevcntj-one persons, inhabitants of Saco, Cape I'oipoise, Well.s, York, and Kittery addressed a petition to Cromwell, praying to be continued under the government of Massachusetts, alleging that they were 'a • WilliomB and Booth lived in Saco, and submitted to Massachusetts in IfiiH; Howell lived in Cape Porpoise, and Wadleigh in Wells, and they severally submitted in I0j3. Morris and Mosicr lived in Caseo Uay,«n I liailcy at ISIack Point. ■j- Massachusetts Uccords. * I Ilai., 5113. people few in number, and those not competent to manage weighty affairs, our weakness occasioning distraction, our paucity divi.-ion, our meanne.ss contempt.'§ "In 1G57, the General Court appointed new eommi.ssion- crs, and issued a new summons to the inhabitants east of Saco River to meet them at York, which they failing to do, the commissioners issued another notice requiring the inhabi- tants to appear at the General Court to be held in Boston, Oct. 14, 1G57. But instead of regarding this suminons. Cleaves sent in a paper, ' wherein he declared,' as the court in their records state, ' against the legality of their proceed- ings and the resolution of the inhabitants to deny submission to them.' The court then add,— ** ' We do hereby declare our right and claim to those parts, nnd the injurious refusal of the inhabitants there, concerning which wc shall seriously advise what for the future may be most expedient for us, yit/nr the pre/ientj judge it best to Htircease any further pyonecHtiuii.']] " Notwithstanding this declaration, they did not long ' surcease' further to prosecute their claim ; for iu May fol- lowing (1658) they appointed comiuissioners to proceed to the disputed terri/ori/ to receive the submission of the in- habitants. The commissioners were rerjuired '■ to repair to Black Point, Richmond's Island, and Casco, or some such one place, within the county of York, as they shall judge meet, there to take in the inhabitants thereof into our jurisdiction.'^ The commissioners in their return say, that having issued summonses to all the inhabitants resid- ing within the line proposed to appear before them, (Icliate WU removal of some doubts, and our tendering some acts of f.ivor and ]>rivilege to them, the good hand of God guiding therein, by a joint consent, we mutually accorded in a free and comfortub'e close. '^^■•' "The form of submission was as follows: '" Wc, the inhabitants of Blsick Point, Blue Point, Spurwink, and Casco Bay, with all the islands thereunto belonging, do own and ac- knowledge ourselves to be subject to the government of Massachusetts Bay, in northeast, as appears by our particular subscriptions in refer- ence to those articles formerly granted to Dover, Kittery, and York, which are now granted and confirmed unto us, together with some ad- diiions as upon record doth appear.' " This was signed by twenty-nine persons, of whom the thirteen following lived in Falmouth, viz. : Francis Small, Nicholas White, Thomas Standford, Robert Corbin, Na- thaniel Wallis, John Wallis, George Lewis, John Phillips, George Cleaves, Robert Jordan, Francis Neale, Michael Mitton, Richard Martin. The remainder, with the excep- tion of John Bonighton, who lived in Saco, were inhabi- tants of Black and Blue Points. " The following is the substance of the articles of agree- ment entered into between the inhabitants and the cotuinis- sioncrs, and may be found at large on York Records :f-j" " 1. The obligations entered into were to be void if the jurisdiction of Massachusetts was not allowed by the govern- ment of England. " 2. Indemnity and oblivion ' frccl^' granted.' f Ilaz., COS. II Massachusetts Files. % Ma.'isachusetts Records. « Ibid. +t B. i., p. 78. The first volume of the collections of the Maine His- torical .Society will also contain this document. ESTABLISHMENT OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 33 "3. The priv'ilejjes granted to Dover, Portsmoutli, Kit- tery, Wells, and Saco, granted to the people here. "4. In appeals to Boston, the appellant to have cost if he recover, if not, to pay treble cost. " 5. To have copies furnished them of the privileges granted Dover, etc. " 6. Their civil j^'ivilec/es not to lie Jorftitt-d for differ- ences in religion, ' but their regulations therein must be according to penal laws.' " 7. Those places formerly called Black Point, Blue Point, and Stratton's Islands henceforth to be called Scur- horoiigli. " 8. ' Those places formerly called Spurwink and Casco Bay from the east side of Spurwink Kiver to the Clap- board Islands in Casco Bay, shall run back eight miles into the country, and lienccforth shall be called hi/ the name of FalmDiilli! " 9. Falmouth and Scarborough shall immediately estab- lish their bounds. "10. 'The towns of Falmoutli and Scarborough shall have commission courts to try causes as high as fifty pounds.' "11. The two towns of Scarborough and Falmouth are to send one deputy yearly to the court of election, and have liberty to send two if they see cause. " 12. The name Yorkshire is given to so much of the former province of Maine as fell under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and in consideration of its extent, and the difiiculty of obtaining tiie presence here of any of the assist- ants, it is granted : " ' 1. That with the consent of the inhabitants of the aforesaid towns of Scarborough and Falmouth, we do constitute and appoint the right trusty Hinry Jocelyn, Esq., Mr. Robert Jordan, Mr. George Cleaves, Mr. Henry Watts, and Mr. Francis Neale commissioners for the year ensuing, invested with full power, or any three of them, for the trial of all causes without a jury within the liberties of Scarborough and Falmouth, not exceeding the value of fifty pounds, and every one of said commissioners have granted them m.agistratical power to hear and determine small causes, as other magistrates and assistants, whether they be of a civil or of a criminal nature." " Any of said commissioners were authorized to grant warrants, examine offenders, commit to prison, administer oaths, and to solemnize marriages, and any three of them were empowered to commission 'military officers under the degree of a captain.' Jocelyn Jordan, Capt. Nicholas Shapleigh, Mr. Edward Rishworth, and Mr. Abraham Preble were in- vested with ' magistratical power throughout the whole county of York.' Five associates were authorized to be diofjcn yearly for the county courts, instead of three, and a court was appointed to be held in September of every year at Saco or Scarborough, as well as at York.* "These and some other regulations, not important to be noticed, having been adopted, and the commissioners having declared that ' the change of the government hath made no change in any man's former right, whether in respect of lands, chattels, goods, or any other estate whatsoever,' they adjourned on the IGth of July, 1G58." PURCHASE OF M.\I.\E BY MASSACHUSETTS. In 1676 the jurisdiction of Massachusetts over Slaine and New Hampshire was annulled. The enemies of the colony in England had besieged the ear of the king and so far abused it as to create a prejudice which gave the inhab- itants on this side of the Atlantic no little uneasiness. A quo warranto was i.ssued, and they were required by a let- ter from the king, dated March 10, 1676, to send over agents to answer the charges exhibited against them. They were so far successful as to procure a confirmation of tlie charter with its original bounds, but the jurisdiction of Massachusetts over JIaine and New Hampshire was an- nulled, and tho.se provinces respectively restored to the heirs of Gorges and Mason. When this decision reached the colony, its government, ever watchful over its interests, immediately took measures to secure the province of Maine by purchase. For this purpose they employed John Usher, a merchant of Boston, to negotiate with Mr. Gorges, a grandson of Sir Ferdi- nando, for the purchase of his property. The undertaking was successfully accomplished, and U.-her received a deed of the whole province from Piscata(|ua to Sagadahoc, in 1677, which, on the 15th of March, 1 67 8, he by inden- ture conveyed to the government and company of Massa- chusetts for twelve hundred and fifty pounds sterling. This ended all controversy between Massachu.setts and the Gorges family respecting the soil and government of Maine ; but not so with the English government, to whom the transaction gave great offense. The latter contended that the jurisdiction over a colony or province was inalien^ able, and that by the conveyance, although Massachusetts might have acquired a right to the soil, she acquired none to the government, which consequently reverted to the crown. And they went so far as to require an assignment of the province from Massachusetts on being repaid the purchase-money. But the government of the colony kept steady to their purpose, justified their purchase as having been done by the desire of the inhabitants, and were wholly silent on the subject of the reconveyance."}" The subject was continually agitated until it was finally settled by the charter of 1601, which not only included the prov- ince of Maine, but the more remote province of Sagada- hoc, and carried the eastern boundary of Massachusetts to the western limits of Nova Scotia. " After the purchase of Maine, many persons in Massa- chusetts were desirous of selling the province to defray the expense of defending it during the late war, which was estimated at eight thousand pounds. A committee of the General Court was appointed for this purpose, but the vote was reconsidered before any further measures were taken on the subject. '' It now became necessary to adopt a new form of gov- ernment for the province, since the jurisdiction was no longer claimed as a matter of right under the patent of Massachusetts, but as proprietor by right of purchase. She was no longer to be represented in the General Court as an integral part of her chartered territory, but a local proprietary government was to be established over the province, such as was authorized by the charter to Gorges. " In pursuance of this plan, Thomas Danforth, then t The agents in I(JS2 wore authorized to give up the deeds of Maine if it would be the means of saving the charter; otherwise not. 1 Hutch., 303. The sacrifice did not become necessary. 34 HISTORY OF CUMHEKLAND COUNTY, MAINE. cxercisiujr the office of deputy Governor of Massachusetts, was appointed President of Maine in 1G79, and invested with powers for its j;overnnicnt in subordination to its new proprietor. He repaired to York in March, 1080, pro- chiiuied his autliorily, exhibited liis coniuiission, and con- stituted a government composed of a deputy President, a Council, and an Assembly con.sisting of the representatives of tlie jieople. Tlie first General Assembly was held Marcli 30, ICSO, at Y'ork. " It cannot be disguised that this state of things was not agreeable to many jwrsons in the province, and they did not cordially submit to it. In 1G80 a petition was transmitted to tlie king, signed by one hundred and fifteen persons living in different parts of the province, remonstrating against the new government, and praying to be restored to his immediate authority. Sixteen at least of the petition- ers lived in Falmouth. They complain of the imposition of a tax of three thousand pounds upon the three towns of Wells, Kittery, and York, as an intolerable burden after the heavy losses sustained during the late Indian war. " In the first General Assembly all the towns in the province were represented but Cape Porpoise, Scarborough, and Falmouth ; Walter Gendall appeared from the latter town, but having no certificate of his election was not al- lowed a seat. Anthony Brackett was appointed by the court Lieutenant of Falnujuth, and Thadileus Clarke En- si-iii." CHAPTER VI. THE FIRST INDIAN WAR, 1675. Plunder of the House of Thomas Purchase — Kight at New Meadows — Attack on Spurwink nnd Falmouth — Ca|iture and Escape of the Bracketts — Surrender of the Uarrison at Black Point — The Settle- ments Deserted — Treaty with the Indians^Sketch of tlie Prisoners —Trial of Walter ticndall. The occasion of the outbreak of hostilities on the Ken- nebec was a precautionary attempt to disarm the Indians in that section, on the reception of the news of King Philip's war. The Indians began to suspect that the object of the English was to deprive them of the lueans of their subsist- ence, and by degrees to take their land from them. They had also acijuired a strong prejudice against Thomas Pur- chase, who liad for many years been trading aniQng tliem and whom they charged with wronging them in his bar- gains. Hence they made their first attack upon his house early in September, 1G75. Purchase, however, was absent from home, and the savages contented themselves with plundering the preiuises. They took what weapons, pow- der, and li()uor they could find, rijipcd up the feather-beds for tiie sake of the ticking, killed a calf and several sheep, and proceeded to make merry. Purchase's son returned home wiiilc this was going on, and being discovered by the Indians, was obliged to flee for his life. He was followed for some distance by an Indian vikh a gun, but succeeded in making his e.scajie. The jiarly offered no violence to any one in the house, but told them that others would ciinoand treat them woi-sc. Some few days after this occurrence, a party of twenty- five settlers having collected for the purpose, went in a sloop and two boats to New Meadows River, near the house of Mr. Purchase, to gather and secure the growing crops, and also to reconnoitre. Here they found a number of In- dians jiillaging the neighboring hou.ses. In attempting to get between the Indians and the woods, they came upon three of tlicir spies. One of these they shot while he was attempting to reach the river; the second was wounded, but escaped across the stream to a canoe ; the third escaped and gave the alarm. The Indians, however, remained con- cealed until the corn was all gathered and the boats loaded, when they suddenly gave their war-whoop, rushed upon the men, wounded several, and carried off the boat-loads of corn in triumph. Some time in the next year Purchase's house was burned, and he was compelled to leave.* This attack upon them without justification removed from the Indians all restraint. They had seen the blood of their companions causelessly shed, and they now only sought opportunities for revenge. The houses in every plantation were so much scattered, rendering it necessary to garrison so many different points, that little could be done in the way of fortification, but the able-bodied men were formed into train-bands, and were constantly on the lookout. About this time a company of Indiaus visited Falmouth, and a son of George Ingersoll and another man were killed by them as they were out fowling. Several houses were burnt, among others that of Lieut. Ingersoll ; several at Capisic, and Robert, Jordan's, at Spurwink. Mr. Jordan had barely time to escape from his house when it was destroyed with all its contents. Ambrose Boaden, Sr., who lived on the west side of the river op]iosite Jordan's, was probably killed at the same time. It is estimated that from the beginning of August till the end of November, 1(J75, there were killed in the prov- ince about fifty English and over ninety Indians.| In No- vember, the government of Massachusetts organized a force to attack the remote Indian settlements at Ossipce and Perjuawkett, with a view of disabling them from renewing their depredations in the spring ; but this was prevented by the severity of the winter, the snow falling by the 10th of December to the depth of four feet in the woods, and the privations of the Indians compelling them to sue for peace. They repaired in quite a large body to Maj. Waldron, at Dover, where terms were mutually agreed upon, but the fitful truce was only of .short duration. Hostilities were re- newed in a more fearful form early the next summer, by the Suco and Androscoi/ijin Indians, assisted by the scattered intermediate tribes. The chief Sijuando, of Saco, was one of the most artful and daring leader.s. The Andiosaiggiits were commanded by the famous sagamore, Robinhood. The I'eniibsLots were subsequently engaged in the war under Mugg and Madokawando, and performed their full share of the work of desolation and death upon the defenseless inhabitants of the frontiers. At the comnuneemeiit of the war there were over forty families in Falmouth, the names and locations of must of iMaiiio liistoricul Collections, iii., p. :!|j. t Willi,- lli-t,„ v of I'orlhind, p. I'.IS THE FlilST INDIAN WAR, 1075. :35 whom we have given in the histoi-y of the town in anotlier part of this woik. After the destruction of the Wakely family and tiie mur- der of young Ingersoll, many families left the place and sought refuge in the more thickly-settled and secure parts of the country. The Jordan family went to Piscataqua, James Andrews and his mother Mackworth went to Bos- ton, and John Phillips to Kittery. The larger number, however, went to Salem, where tliey were afterwards, by vote of the town, admitted with their families to citizen- ship. The vote was taken on the 11th day of January, 167(5, and is recorded as follows: "These persons above named, being driven from their liabitations by the barbarous heathen, are admitted as inhabitants into the town, they most of them informing that they have provisions for them- selves and families for one year."* The persons thus re- ceived were George Ingersoll, George Ingersoll, Jr., John Skillings, Goodman Standford, Jolin Wallis, Francis Neale, and Jenkin Williams, besides several from Saco and other towns of the province, to the number of twenty-one. " By this withdrawal from the scene of action the vic- tims of the tomahawk were considerably reduced, but still enough were left to keep the knife of the sacrifice deeply tinged." The war broke out again in the summer of 1076, on a more extended scale. All the tribes from the Pis- cataqua to the Penob.scot were engaged in it. The Indians had various pretexts for the renewal of liostilities, but the real cause was the influence of the disaflFected Narragansctt Indians, who, smarting under the loss of their property, had proceeded eastward and fomented a spirit of hostility among the eastern tribes. A noted Indian, Simon, who had not long before escaped from prison in Dover, where he had been confined for his former murders, made his way to Falmouth by means of a counterfeit pass, which he had ingeniously provided himself with, and here he insinuated himself into the confidence of Brackett, who lived upon a large farm at Back Cove. On the 9th of August, some of the neighboring Indians had killed one of Brackett's cows, and Simon offered to bring the oiTenders to him for punish- ment, which he pretended to do early on the morning of the 11th ; but the Indians whom he brought were a party of his own confederates, who. immediately entered Brackett's house and took all the guns they could find, giving Brackett the choice either of serving them or being in- stantly killed. He chose the former alternative. The In- dians then bound him and his wife and negro servant, and carried away their five children. Nathaniel Mitton, a brother of Brackett's wife, made some resistance and was killed on the spot. From Brackett's the party proceeded round the Cove to the Presumpscot lliver, where they killed Robert Corbin, Humphrey Durham, and Benjamin Atwoll, who were engaged in making hay on Corbin's farm. Corbin's wife, with the wife of one of the others, and chil- dren of the third, who, being in one of the neighboring houses and hearing the alarm, had escaped in a canoe, were overtaken and captured ; also James Ross, the constable of the town, with his wife and children. The Indians pro- ceeded to other houses in the vicinity, where they killed "*■ Salem town records, quoted by Willis. some of the inhabitants ami made captives of others. The alarm was immediately communicated to another part of the town by Richard Pike, who resided on the west side of Mussel Cove. Pike and another man were in a boat on tlie river a little above Corbin's house when they heard the report of the guns ; they immediately turned back and saw an English boy ruiming towards the river in groat haste, and a volley of shot was fired which passed over tiicir heads. Simon hailed them to come on shore, but they hurried down the river and warned the people to escape to the garri.son-house, and such as could not escape, to fire upon the Indians who were coming against tliem. Some of the Indians pa.ssed over to the Neck, where they sliot John Munjoy, the eldest son of George Munjoy, and Isaac Wakely. Three men going to the harvest-field of An- thony Brackett, .saw Thomas Brackett shot down and his wife and children taken. They then made their escape to Munjoy's garrison at the lower end of the Neck, which had become a place of refuge. But this place being deemed insecure, the refugees abandoned it and fled to Bang's Island, at the mouth of the harbor. From this place Mr. Burroughs immediately wrote to Henry Jocelyn at Biack Point (Scarborough) for succor. After they had secured themselves upon the island, they recollected that a quantity- of powder had been left in one of the places in town, and needing it, as well as fearing it would fall into the hands of the enemy, they made an attempt to secure it, which they succeeded in doing, bringing away one barrel from the house of Mr. Willis. The next day George Lewis, George Felt, and some others, who had been overlooked by the murderous band in their work of destruction, arrived safely at the island. In this attack upon the town thirty- four persons were killed and taken captive. The following names of the killed are given in " Willis' History of Port- land" : Benjamin Atwell, Thomas Brackett, Robert Corbin, Humphrey Dearborn, Nathaniel Mitton, John Munjoy, and Isaac Wakely. The same authority gives the prisoners as follows: Anthony Brackett, his wife, five children, and negro servant ; Thomas Brackett, wife, and three children ; Corbin's wife; the wife of Atwell or Dearborn, the children of the other, and James Ross, with his wife and children : making seventeen persons, exclusive of the unknown number of children in the fiimilies of Ross and Atwell or Dearborn. Others were killed and captured whose names are not mentioned. The Indians proceeded with their captives from Fal- mouth to the Kennebec River. On the 14th of August the war began in that quarter, in the first scenes of which the Indians of this locality were probably not engaged. Richard Hammond's house was attacked on that day, and he and Samuel Smith and Joshua Grant were killed. The Indians then divided ; eleven went up the river and cap- tured Francis Card and his family, while the remainder went to Arrowsic Island, now Georgetown, took tiie fort by surprise, killed Capt. Thomas Lake, one of the chief proprietors, with many others, and wounded several, among whom was Capt. Silvanus Davis, afterwards a prominent inhabitant of Falmouth. Here they were joined by the Indians from Falmouth and those who went up the river and laid plans for future depredations. On this occasion 36 HISTORY OF CUMBJiRLAiND COUNTY, MAINK. Aiitliony Brackett aiiJ liis family escaped out of their hands by nieaiis of an old birch canoe which his wife repaired with a needle and thread found in a deserted house. Hub- bard says, — " In tli»t old rainoc llifv croesed a wiiter eight or nine miles broad, and when they ciimo on the south side of the buy, they might h:ive been in as nuich danger of other Indians that luid hUely been about Hb»ck Point and had taken it; but they were newly gone; so things on all sitles thus concurring to help forward their deliverance, they came safely to lilack Point, where also they met with a vessel bound for Piseataf|ua, that came into that harbor but a few hours before they came thither, by which means they arrived safe in l^iscataqua Uiver soon after." On the 28d of September, a imniber of those persons who liad been driven from Casco and the vicinity, being forced by the distress which tlieir families wore suiferinjr for the necessaries of life, ventured to go upon Munjoy's Island* to procure provisions, there being a number of sheep there. They had scarcely landed (six or seven ii)en) when the Indians fell suddenly upon them, and although they defended themselves with desperate cour- age from the ruins of a stone house to which they had retreated, yet they were all destroyed. George Felt was one of them, and was iiiucli lamented. He was a useful and enterprising man, and had been more active ag:iinst the Indians than any other in the vicinity. He left a family who moved to Chelsea, in which neighbor- hood his descendants are yet living. His wife was a daughter of Jane Macworth, by whom he had three sons, George, Samuel, and Jonathan. As soon as news of hostilities reached the government of Ma.ssachusetts, measures were taken to afford protection and assistance to the inhabitants. The government dis- patched one hundred and thirty English and forty fiietidly Indians, under command of Capts. Hawthorn, Sill, and Hunting, who were to be joined by such forces as could be raised in the province. They proceeded by the coast to Falmouth, where the headquarters of the enemy were supposed to be. They arrived at Casco Bay on the 20th of September, and although every plantation west of it had suffered depredations from the enemy, they met with but two Indians on their march. One they killed, and the other escaped at Falmouth to Back Cove and warned his comrades of the approach of the forces. They had been heard a short time before threshing in Anthony Brackett's barn, but they had all disappeared. This expedition efTeeted no permanent advantage; wherever the troops appeared the enemy fled from their presence. The forces left this part of the country about the begin- ning of October, and about a week afterwards the Indians rallied one hundred strong, atid on the 12th of October made an assault upon Black Point. The inhabitants had collected in the garrison of Henry Jocelyn, who endeavored to negotiate a treaty with Mugg for their safe retreat. But when he •returned from this service to the garrison, )ie found that the inhabitants had all fled, and carried their property with them, so that he was left alone with his family imd .servants, and w:is obliged to surrender at dis- cretion. They next proceeded to Richmond's Island. A vessel • Now Peak's Island. was lying here belonging to Mr. Fryer, of Portsmouth, which had been sent, by the solicitation of Walter Gendall, to preserve the property upon the island. While they were engaged in this duty they were attacked by a multi- tude of the enemy. Owing to the unfavorable state of the wind, they were unable to get their vessel out of the harbor. The enemy .seized the advantage and proceeded to cut the cable of the vessel, while part of them stood ready to shoot down every man who appeared on her deck to render any a.ssistance. Under these circumstances the vessel was driven on shore, and the crew, consisting of eleven persons, were taken prisoners. Among them was James Fryer, son of the owner, a respectable young man of Portsmouth, who afterwards died of wounds received in that engagement ; also Walter Gendall, who became of service to the enemy as interpreter and messenger. The affair at Richmond's Lsland was the last in this quarter during the war, and it may truly be said to have ceased here for the want of victims to feed upon. Mugg, who had led the Indians in the two last attacks, seemed now to be desirous of peace, and for that purpose went to Portsmouth on the 1st of November, t;iking James Fryer, and offered to enter into a treaty. The commanding officer there not being authorized to negotiate, sent hini to Boston, where, on the Gth of November, articles of pacificatiou were entered into witii the government by Mugg, in behalf of Madokawando and Cheberina, sachems of Penobscot. Mugg, as a pledge of his fidelity, consented to remain a hostage until the property and captives were restored. There was great reluctance on the part of the Indians to comply with the treaty, and on one pretext and anotlier they evaded the principal articles. The attempt at peace in the latter part of 1676 proved unsuccessful, and the war was continued through the next year, spending its force prin- cipally in the western part of the province. Simon, who com- menced the tragedy at Casco, was not idle in its closing scenes. On the 16th of May a party under Mugg attacked the garrison at Black Point, which was resolutely defended for three days, in the latter of which the active leader of the besiegers having been killed, the siege was precipitately abandoned. This ill success was, however, avenged on the same spot in the following month, when a large force hav- ing been sent there without any experience in the kind of warfare, were drawn into an ambuscade and nearly idl de- stroyed. In the summer the enemy were checked near the seat of their power by the interference of Maj. Andros, Governor of New York, who sent a force to protect the interest of the Duke of York in his province. He established a strong garrison at Pemaquid, which overawed the Indians of that neighborhood, and the next spring they made pro- posals to the government for peace. The commissioners appointed to treat with theiu — Messrs. SIniplcigh and Champeroon, of Kittery, and Fryer, of Portsmouth — pro- ceeded to Casco, where they met the Indians, and mutually signed articles of peace on the 12th of April, 1678. By this treaty the people were permitted to return to their Iiabitations, and it was agreed that they should occupy them without molestation, paying annually to the Indians a tribute of oue peck of corn for each family, except Maj. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, 1688. 37 Pendleton, of Saco, who, having a large estate, was required to pay one bushel annually. The captives were all returned, and an end was put to a relentless war in which whole fam- ilies were sacrificed, human nature exposed to detestable cruelties, and property wantonly destroyed. We give from " Willis' History" the following brief notice of some of the persons from Falmouth who were taken cap- tives : " The wife of Anthony Bracket! peris-hed in the first year of her ciiptivity. She was Mary, a daughter of Michael Mitton; her chil- dren were Joshuji, who died in Greenland, and was father of Anthony and Joshua, who owned the large tract of land extending from Clark's Point across the Neck to Back Cove. Her other children were Sarah, who married John Hill, of Portsmouth, and Mary, who married Christopher Mitchell, of Kittery. They did not return to Falmouth. James Ross and his family were restored, and afterwards lived in Fal- mouth. Walter Gendall was suhseqiieutly an inhabitant of Falmouth, and then of North Yarmouth, where he was killed. He had exposed himself to suspicion, while a prisoner among the enemy, of having betrayed the English, and was tried for the otl'yuse at Boston, in Sep- tember, 1677. The record is as follows: " ' Walter Gendall, of or near Black Point, being presented and in- dicted by the grand jury,'and left to trial, was brought (o the bar and was indicted by the name of AV alter Gendall, for not having the fear of God before his eyeSy and being instigated by the devil, in the time of the war with the Indians, in a perfidious and treacherous way, against the inhabitanls of this colony's peace and safety, sought to bptray them into the enemy's hands by his endeavour and counsel, contrary to the peace of our sovereign lord the king, his crown, and dignity, and the law of tiiis commonwealth — To which indictment he pleaded not guilty, and referred himself for his trial to the bench. The magistrates having duly weighed the indictment and the evi- dences in the case produced against him, found him guilty of the in- dictment, and do therefore sentence him to run the guantelope through the military companies in Boston on the 10th inst., with a rope about his neck J that he forfeit all his lands to the country, and be banished out of this jurisprudence, to be gone by the 6th day of October next on penalty of perpetual imprisonment if he return again, and dis- charging the costs and charges of this prosecution.' ''What was the nature of the offense for which this severe punishment; was inflicted does not appear: that there was some misinformation to the court about it, miiy be inferred from the fact that he was soon after restored to the possession of his lands and to public confidence. In July, 16S0, we find him acting as one of the commissioners of Fal- mouth ; in 16SI, he was appointed by President Danforth to regulate the settlement of North Yarmouth; in 1683, Fort Loyal, in Casco, was committed to his care, and in 168-4 he was a deputy to the Gen- eral Assembly of this province. Gendall's name occurs first in Fal- mouth as a juryman, in 1666; in 1669 he exchanged farms with Michael Madiver, of Black Point, and is then called ' Planter dwell- ing in the town of Falmouth.' June 3, 1680, he bought of * George Felt, Sr., of Casco, planter,' one hundred acres 'on the westward side of George Felt's ould house in Casco Bay ;' this tract adjoined Falmouth line, and was afterwards occupied by Gendall." CHAPTER VII. FBENCH AND INDIAN "WAH, 1688. Indian Allies of the French — Influence of the Missionaries and Agents —Efforts to Protect the Settlements— Death of A^Talter Gendall— Pemaquid Destroyed — Major Church and Two Vessels of War at Falmouth— Battle in Brackett's Orchard— Surprise and Slaughter of the English on Munjoy Hill — Fort Loyal taken — Destruction of Falmouth. The Indians of Maine, and particularly that portion of them east of the Kennebec Kiver, were allies of the French. The English, although they had at first been received by every token of friendship on the part of the savages, in many instances betrayed the confidence reposed in them, overreached tliem in trade, and by many acts of perfidy and injustice invoked their vengeance. It was no fault of the early settlers themselves, as a general rule, that they became the victims of savage cruelty, and that their homes were plundered and destroyed. The seeds which bore these natural fruits had been planted for thorn by the first Eng- lish navigators on the coast of New England. To add to this feeling of hostility, which was perpetuated by tradition among the Indians, and awakened by every fresh outrage perpetrated upon them by venal and unscrupulous traders, the French agents and missionaries lost no opportunity to excite in their minds the deepest hatred and animosity towards their English neighbors. " The Frencii," says Mr. Willis, " were more hostile to the English than the savages themselves, and, although they could not impart to their savage allies the same jealousies and the same motives of action, yet they could stimulate them by the hope of plunder, the love of revenge, and religious prejudices, to .stain their tomahawks in the blood of an inoffensive popu- lation." The French missionaries and other influential men of that nation residing among the Indians in the eastern part of Maine at this period had acquired an absolute in- fluence over their minds by addressing them through the terrors and hopes of religion, as well as by appealing to their temporal interests.* At this time the Baron de St. Castinc and the missionary Thury were residing on the Penobscot. Oastine had con- nected himself by marriage with the chief sachem of that country, and had formed a strong alliance with the tribes. The Engli.sh had plundered his property and claimed juris- diction over his estate. This was not merely a personal afi"ront, but a national quarrel, inasmuch as the English and French were rival claimants of the territory occupied by the baron, and the cause of the latter was espoused not only in Canada, but in Fiance itself. In this war, there- fore, the Indians may be regarded simply as the allies of the French. The missionary, in his zeal for the Catholic faith and the extension of the dominion of France, had taught his flock that by exterminating the whole English race from the soil they would be doing God's service, and they would thereby recover their ancient importance as masters and owners. It is not to be supposed that the In- dians were unwilling listeners to such preaching, or reluct- ant doers of the work which it commanded. The promised assistance from Canada rendered them bold and menacing, and they entered the houses of the inhabitants in an inso- lent and off'ensive manner. " They gave out that they would make war upon the English, and that they were animated to do so by the French. "f The Indians commenced operations in August, 1G88, by killin" cattle on the eastern plantations and threatening the lives of the people. Attempts were made to allay the dis- turbance. In September, Capt. Tyng wrote from Fal- » Bomazeen, a noted chief, told one of the Boston ministers that the French had taught the Indians that " the Lord Jesus Christ wius of the French nation, that his mother, the Virgin Jtury, was a French lady, and that it was the English who had murdered him."— .UuiA. May. t Hutchinson's Papers, Mass. Hist. Society's Coll. 38 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTi', MAINE. uioutli that lie was engasjcid in a treaty witli the Indians, but feared tliat Casco would be the centre of trouble. The iiiaj;ist rates in Saco seized sixteen or twenty of those who had been the chief actors in that quarter during the last war, with a view of bringing their followers to a treaty and preventing the dreaded catastrophe. The leaders were sent under a guard to Falmouth. The Indians retaliated, rob- bing the English and taking prisoners. Mr. Stoughton, one of the (Jovernor's council, came on to Falmouth with troops, hoping to compromise and prevent the etfusion of blood, but was unsuccessful in this pacific purpose. The prisoners were ordered to Boston, and the inhabitants to protect themselves in garrisons. To carry out this latter order, Capt. Walter Gendall proceeded to North Yarmouth with a company of soldiers, in September, to construct stockades on both sides of Royal River, for the defense of that place. While there he was attacked by seventy or eighty Indians, and after a severe conflict, succeeded in chasing them away, with the lo.ss of several lives on both sides. This was the fir.st blood spilt in the war. In the evening Capt. Gendall and his servant crossed over the river and were both killed in an ambuscade. John Royall and another person were taken prisoners, but Royall was ran- somed by Baron St. Castine. Gov. Andros, hoping by mild measures to avert the impending calamity, released the Indians who had been arrested, and restored to them their arms without any con- dition as to the prisoners and property which had been taken in retaliation. On the 20th of October, ho issued a proclamation requiring them to deliver up their captives and surrender for trial those [lersons who had been con- cerned in the murder of the English. The measures of conciliation and the proclamation were alike ineffectual ; and early in November the Governor raised a force of about seven hundred men and marched through the country as far ea.st as Pemaquid. Here he established a garrison of thirty-six men of the standing force under command of Capt. Anthony Brackett and Lieut. Weems, and left two new companies of sixty men, each under command of Capts. Tyng and Miuot, for its defense. He also stationed garrisons at each of the settlements on the coast. The gar- rison at Falmouth consisted of sixty men under command of Capt. George Lockhart. The whole number of troops disposed of in this manner in Maine, and the province east of the Kennebec, was five hundred and sixty-eight, — a force sufficient to have protected the frontier, had it been per- mitted to occupy the stations wherein it had been dis- turbed. But the expedition was fruitless of any other good consequences, and in April, 1689, the authority of Gov. Andros was subverted by a popular excitement, which the j)eople afterwards had cause to regret, for the now govern- ment was weak and irresolute. In April, 1089, the Indians renewed their hostilities at Saco, but witliout doing much injury. In June Dover Wiis surpri.sod and Major Waldron cruelly murdered with several other inhabitants. In the course of the summer the Indians on the Penokscot were joined by the French, and .systematic operations commenced on the settlements east of Ca.sco Bay. Pema(|uid was taken, and all the inhabitants in that rcion driven from their homes. They sought protection under the fort at Falmouth. The fort was very insufficiently provided for both in respect to ammunition and provisions, and an appeal was made to the government by Messrs. Brackett, Townsend, and Ingersoll, which had the effect of arousing it from its lethargy ; and in August, Major Swain was sent by land with seven or eight companies, to protect the e:istern towns. Also, in September, Major Benjamin Church, who had done effective service in the Plymouth Colony in King Philip's war, arrived at Falmouth by water, having raised a force among his old soldiers, with some volunteer troops and friendly Indians. The instruc- tions to Major Church were signed by President Danforth, who had been restored to his government June 28th, and by the commissioners of the united colonies, Sept. 18, 1689, and indicated that earnest work was intended. Two men-of-war and other small vessels for transportation ac- companied the expedition. It was agreed that the .soldiers should " have the benefit of the captives and all lawful plunder, and a reward of £8 per head for every fighting Indian man taken by them, over and above their stated wages." Church, on his arrival, immediately concocted with the chief men a plan of operations. The Indians were in con- siderable force in the vicinity of Falmouth.* At dawn of day, September 21st, they made their appearance upon An- thony Biackett's farm at B.ick Cove,f and upon Capt. Hall's company hastening forward an engagement took place in Brackett's orchard. Capt. Hull was soon sup- ported by the remainder of the English force stationed on the side of the creek, who galled the enemy by firing over the heads of Hall's soldiers. After maintaining the fight for some time in this manner, Church determined to attack the enemy in the rear, and, having communicated his plan to Capt. Hall, proceeded up the creek to the bridge which then crossed it, probably in the same place where one now stands. The enemy perceiving his object imiuediately re- treated, and he, supposing they had made for the bridge, or sought some other passage into the town, returned to the bridge, and finding no trace of them there, hastened across the ueck to the south side by Clark's Point, where, finding the cattle feeding quietly in Lieut. Clark's field, and perceiving no trace of the enemy, he hastily retraced his steps, and, " passing over the burnt land and through the brush," formed a junction with Capt. Hall's company, which had borne the brunt of the battle. He now gave orders for the whole army to pursue the enemy ; but, learn- ing that most of the ammunition that was suitable for the guns was .spent, he gave up his design and returned with the dead and wounded to the fort. The engagement had continued about six hours. Of Capt. Hall's soldiers six wore killed, viz., Thomas Burton, Edward Ebens, Thomiis Taxter, Thomas Berry, John Mason, and Diivid Holmes ; of Capt. Davis' company, two, viz., Giles Rowe and An- drew Alger, belonging to the garrison ; one Indian, a negro belonging to Col. Tyng, and Capt. Brackett, either killed or taken prisoners, — eleven in all. The wounded were, of Capt. Davis' company, James Freeze, Mr. Bramhall, Thomas Brown, and Mr. Palmer, inhabitants of Falmouth, * Judged to be three or four hundred- strong. J The furni hitcly owned by Jiiiu:s Peering. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, 1G88. and six friendly Indians, malcing a total of twenty-one killed and wounded. Freeze, Brauiliall, and one Indian died of their wounds after the battle. The loss of the In- dians is not known. They fled precipitately, and left be- hind them " evidences of having sustained considerable damage."* Willis says, " The enemy met with so warm a reception at Falmouth, and found the country so well pro- tected, that they retreated into their forests and committed no further depredations during the year." Uostilities, however, were only suspended till the next spring (1G90), when they were participated in more largely by the French. In the quaint language of Cotton Mather, they were '' half one and half t'other, half Indianized French and half Frenchified Indians." In February they had marched from Canada on the ice of Lake Champlain, and made a descent upon Schenectady, New York, destroying that place and killing about sixty persons. j" " On the 18th of March, another party commanded by Artel, a Frenchman, and Hopehood, " that memorable tygre," destroyed the settlement at Salmon Falls " with fire and sword." " Capi. Willard, an experienced officer from Salem, who had been stationed in Falmouth,J was ordered in February to pursue the enemy to their headi|uarters ; on his departure the command of the fort devolved upon Capt. Davis. It does not appear that there were any regular troops left here, and the defense of the place depended upon the courage and exertions of the inhabitants. While they were in this situation, a party of the French, some of whom had assisted in the affair at Schenectady, formed a junction with the eastern Indians, under Madokawando, and were discovered in the beginning of May passing iu a large fleet of canoes across Casco Bay. From the direction of their course the people of Falmouth entertained hopes that their destination was to a more remote part of the country ; but in this they were disappointed. In a few days they were discovered lurking in this vicinity, and Robert Greason, a Scotchman, one of the inhabitants who lived upon the Presumpscot River, fell into their hands. As soon as it was known that they were in the neighborhood, strict orders were given ibr the people to confine themselves to their garrisons, and to keep constant watch to prevent surprise. There were then in addition to Fort Loyal, four garrison houses in this part of the town, whose local situation we have not the means of accurately determining; one was on Munjoy Hill, near the burying-ground, at the stone house of Capt. Lawrence. Sullivan says another stood ' where Dearing's house now stands;' this was at the foot of Exchange Street, and was probably the house of Lieut. George Ingersoll, which oc- cupied that spot ; he says another stood on the rocky ground south of where the first meeting-house stands. He cites no authority for determining these localities, and probably derived them from tradition, which we have found a most unsafe guide in inquiries of this nature. It would .seem * Hutchinson's Papers, quoted by Willis. t Watson's Lake Champlain; Barbuur'i? Ili.-tury of New York; Sylvester's i-Iislory of Saratoga. t Capt. Willard wrote from Salem in November to the Governor, that his men at Casco needed supplies, that the parents of his soldiers were much disple:ised because they had not returned as jiromised. lie proposed that I)r. IlaraJen be encouraged to visit the soldiers in Casco and take care of them. Aaa. of Salem, 29.J. entirely unnecessary to have so many garrisons in the im- mediate vicinity of the fort, and we have thought .some of these defenses may have been in the more remote parts of the town for the protection of the inhabitants there. Elihu Gullison's house was established by the council of war in November preceding as a principal garrison house, but we cannot determine its situation. " Thaddcus Clarke, lieutenant of a company of town soldiers, imprudently neglected the precaution which had been given to keep his men within the garrison ; being desirous to discover something of the movements of the enemy, he went out witli about thirty 'of the stoutest young men,' to the top (jI' what we suppose was Munjoy Hill, wiiicli was tiien covered with woods. We give the sequel i)f this unhappy adventure in the language of Mather :§ '"The outlet from the town to the wood was through a lane that had a fence on each side, which had a certain hliii-k-liuiue\\ at one end of it : and the English were suspicious, when Ihcy came to enter the lane, that the Indians were lying behind Ihe/eiicp, because the c.ittle stood staring that way, and would not pass into the wood as they used to do. This meltlesotne company then run up to the fence with an hiizzii .' thinking thereby to discourage the enemy, if they should be lurking there; but the enemy were so well prepared for them, that they answered them with an horrible vcnge;ince, which killed the lieu- tenant and thirteen more on the spot, and the rest esc;ipcd with much ado unto one of the garrisons.' " After this disheartening and ominous event, the enemy immediately attacked the garrisons ; these were resolutely defended ; but at night, their ammunition being nearly ex- hausted, the besieged abandoned their posts and drew off to Fort Loyal. Next morning, being the 16th of May, the enemy set fire to the houses, and laid siege to the fort with their whole force. The local situation of the fort was highly favorable to their design : it was situated on a rocky bluff fronting the harbor, at the base of which the enemy could work securely beyond the reach of its guns.^ Tiie number of the assailants was so much more numerous than that of the English, that the latter deemed it not prudent to leave their defenses. The siege was carried on five days and four nights, when at last, many of the English having been killed and wounded, the remainder capitulated on the 20th of May. The following account of the attack and sur- render, by Capt. Silvanus Davis, the commander of the ibrt, will not be uninteresting : " ' Myself having command of a garrison in Falmouth for the de- fense of the same, a party of French from Canada, joined with a company of Indians, to the number of betwi.\t four and live hundred French and Indians, set upon our fort. The Ililh of iMay, 1690, about d.awning, began our fight: the 20th, about three o'clock, afternoon, we were taken. They fought us five days and four nights, in which time they killed and wounded the greatest part of our men, burned all the houses, and at last we were forced to have a parley with them in order for a surrender. We not knowing that there was any French among them, set up a Hag of truce in order for a parley. We de- manded if there were any French among them, and if they would give us quarter. They answered, that they were Frenchmen, and that they would give us good quarter. Upon this answer; we sent out to them again, to know from whence they came, and if they would give us good quarter, both for our men, women, and children, both wounded § Mag., 2, 524. || Probably Lawrence's house. \ This bluff probably retains the same general features it had then ; the fort stood in the rear of a three-story house situated at the fool of King Street. 40 IIISTOllY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. (ind sounil, iniJ lliut »e sliouM linvo liberty to iiiiuvh to the next Eng- lish lo»n, nnd have ii gimnl for our ilifonsc anil safety unto the next English town— then we would surrender; and also that the Governor of the French should hold np his hand and swear by the great and over-living Uod that the several articles should be performed. All which he did soloninly swear to perform ; hut as soon as they hod us in their custody they broke their articles, sulTereil our women and oliildren and our nun to be made captives in the hands of the hcallien, to bo cruelly murdered and destroyed many of them, and especially our wounded men; only the French kept niyfelf and three or four Uiore and carried us overland for Canada. . . . About twenty-four days wo were marching Ihroiigh the country for Quebec, in Canada, by land and water, currying our canoes with us. The chief of the Indians that came against us were those Indians that we had in hold, that Sir Edmond Andross ordered to be cleared, and .Sicur Castine and Ma- doekuwanilo, with their eastern forces. The French that toid( us came from Canada, in February last past, designed for the destruction of Falmouth, by order from the Oovcrnor there, the Earl of Frontonac* Theoommander's name was Mens. Burniffe: his lieutenant's name was Mons. Oorte de Jloreli, who was at the taking of Schenectady. They brought several Indians with them from Canada, and made up the rest of their forces as they marched through the woods from Canada. But I must soy, they were kind to me in my travels through the coun. try. Our provisions were very short — Indian corn and acorns — hunger made it very good and God gave it strength to nourish. I arrived at Quebec the Nth of June, Kiilll. . . . I was at Quebec four months, and was e.\changed fur a Frenchman Sir Wm. Piiips had taken the 15th of October, IBOO.'f " Tlie niimcs of but few of tliu persons wlio porished in the unhappy fall of Falmouth are preserved, and those in- cidentally. Among the killed were Lieut. Clarke and tiie thiiloen young men of liis company, who were left dead upon the spot, as before noticed. "Thomas Cloice and Seth Brackett, son of Anthony, were killed, but it is not known whether they were among the slain of Clarke's company or not. It appears by the Danvers records that Thomas Alsop, Edward Crocker, and George Bogwell were killed at Ca.sco, in 1G90. Joseph Kamsdell, a soldier from Lynn, was also killed. Capf. Bobert Lawrence was mortally wounded, and Anthony Brackett, Jr., James Ross, and I'eter Morrell were among the prisoners. It is to be regretted that a more perfect record of the sufferers in this catastrophe has not been pre- served. We have been indebted to ancient depositions taken to perpetuate evidence for the few names we liave been able to present. In this disaster the town records were dcslroyed,J together with all other combustible or destructible property in town, and the once flourishing settlement exhibited an entire and melancholy ruin.§ It * Davis makes aad work with French nomcs and titles. He calls Count Frontenac " the Earl of Frontenac," I'artneuf, " Mons. Bur- nilTe," and Courtemanehc, '• Mons. Corte de March." Otherwise, his report contains a correct statement of facts. t The original paper is on file in tlie MassaehusettJi office of State. X It lias been intimated that the town records were carried lo Can- ada; but it is not probable that the enemy would take pains to pre- serve and tran.^'port so great a distance documents which to them had no sort of value. Judge Freeman mentioned the report to me, but he had no authority for it but tradition. Had there been a reasonable ground for Iho idea, the subscqucut settlers would have obtained them at n time wheu their loss wa« severely felt and produced great confusion in titles. ^ William Vaughan, Charles Frost, and Richard Marlyn wrote to Boston from Portsmouth, May I'.i, lO'.IO, that they bod just beard of the attack on Casco. That two men frcuu .>urnn...).n.w liof.,.-^ (>>o <)rgt ,var ; the name does not exist here now, oowledge. The Indians ripped open Web- :t, and took ttvo children from her. of Jos-;ph Wallis was taken captive; Josiah Wallis made his escape to Black Point with his .son John, then seven years old, part of the way upon his back.^ Spurwink, prin- cipally occupied by the Jordan family, was attacked at the same time, and twenty-two per.sons by the name of Jordan were killed and taken prisoners. Dominicus Jordan, the third son of the Rev. Robert, was among the killed, and his family, consisting of six children, were carried to Can- ada.** His brother Jeremiah was among the prisoners, who was subsequently called French Jeremy, from the circum- stance of his having been carried to France. The whole country, from Purpooduck Point to Spurwink, was covered with woods, except the few spots which the inhabitants had cleared. This afforded facilities to the Indians for conceal- ment and protection. From these coverts they made their sudden and cruel visits, then returned to mingle again with the other wild tenants of the forest, beyond the reach of pursuit. " The enemy next directed their attention to the flirt at New Ca.sco. This was the most considerable fort on the eastern coast, and was the central point of defense for all the settlements upon Casco Bay ;f"j" under its protection sev- eral persons had collected to revive the fortunes of the town. Maj. March commanded the garrison at this time, consist- ing of but thirty-six men. The enemy practiced a strata- gem in hopes of taking the fort without loss of lives, and lor this purpose their able chiefs Moxus, Wanungouet, and Assaeombuit sent a flag of truce to the commanding officer, soliciting a conference, under pretense that they had some- thing important to communicate. At first Maj. March declined the invitation, suspecting some treachery, but afterwards as they seemed to be \'e.\i in number and un- armed, he concluded to meet them, taking the precaution to post two or three sentinels, where they might be ready in case of danger. On his arrival at the place of meeting, they saluted him civilly, but immediately drew their toma- hawks from under their robes, and violently assaulted him, while others in ambush shot down one of the sentinels. March, being a man of uncommon strength, as well as cour- ay an.l bu!d, so as to put the grciiler part of our lumbermen fiom their duty in lumbering to thiir arms and scouting for the defense of Iheir funulies, and others taken into the service for Canada.' "The .suspension of hostilities in Europe extended its beneficial influence on this side of the Atlantic, although its full fruits were not gathered until after the peace was concluded in October, 1748. As .soon as intelligence of the ratification of the tretity reached Boston, Governor Shir- ley took measures to communicate with the Indians, and, finding them dispo.sed to listen to an accommodation, com- missioners were appointed to meet them in Faliuouth."§ The treaty was concluded on the 16th of October, upon the principles of Mr. Dummer's treaty of 172G, and was a joiner. He moved here in 1728 or 1729, and came at once into notice by the activity of his mind and the interest he took in the affairs of the town. Within the first ten years of his residence here, he tilled the otfices of a committeeman to adjust tiic diflicultics between the old and new proprietors, town clerk, selectman, and town treasurer. In I7.'J7, 1740, and 1749 he represented the town in the General Court. In 1700, on the establishment of the county of Cum- berland, he was appointed the first sheriff, and held the office until 17G.S; in 1770 he was appointed a justice of the Court of Common Pleas, the duties of which he continued to discharge until the llevolu- tion. About 17.'iO he purchased the land opposite the new custom- house, extending to Middle Street, of Daniel Ingersoll, and built a bouse there on i'ore Street, in which he lived until it was destroyed in the fire of 1775; on his death the property descended (o his heirsi, in whose possession it now remains; ho was a large j)roprietor in this town and Standish. He died in 177S, aged eighty-one. His children were Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Eunice, Anne, and Lois; he left no sou to perpetuate his name. These married Benjamin Titcomb, .Toscph Wise, Timothy Pike, Dr. Ueane, Daniel Dole, and Joshua Freeman. g They were Thomas Hutchinson, John Choate, Israel Williams, and James Otis, from Massachusetts, and John Downing and Theo- dore Atkinson, from New Hampshire. The Rev. William Wclstead aeeom{)anied them as chaplain, and Colonel Cotton as clerk. Sir William Pepperell had been appointed at the head of the eommissiun, hut had saile.l for Englanl before the tre.itv t....k |.l FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OF 1744. 49 signed by six chiefs of the Wawenoch tribe, eiglit of the Norridge.wock, and five of the Penobscot tribe. Ill less than two months after this an affray took place at Wiscasset between tlie English and Indians, in which one of the latter was killed and two wounded. This un- happy affair produced a strong sensation throughout tlie province. One of the Englishmen — Albee — was tried at York and acfjuitted ; the other was arrested, but not tried. This created a dissatisfaction among the Indians which no overtures of conciliation on the part of tiie government could allay, and which the French availed themselves of the occasion to foster and encourage. In August, 1750, the PiMwhscot tribe was in arms, and the French were discovered furnishing them with supplies. The next month they were joined by Indians from Canada, and a general alarm prevailed at the threatening aspect of affairs. " Within a few days parties of the enemy were seen in Grorham, Windham, and Falmouth; one hundred men were raised here and in Scarborough to scout from Saco to Geor- ges, and Capt. Ilsley, ready to take the lead on occasions of this sort, marched the first company of scouts into tlie woods in September. These prompt measures had the effect of protecting our settlements for that seison, but early the next spring the enemy was found lurking again in our vicinity, which, accompanied by the sudden revolution in the circulating medium of the country occasioned by calling in the paper, and a severe epidemic which was raging violently in this province, produced incalculable distress among our people.* The inhabitants of this town suffered but little from the Indians this season, although they ap- peared at different points of our territory during the spring and summer. One man only, Job Burneli, was killed at New Casco. The regiment commanded by Col. Ezekiel Cushing, of Cape Elizubeth, furnished fifty men for the service, and in the cour.se of the summer, the government having made arrangements to enter into negotiations with the Indians, a new draft of one hundred men was made from the same regiment to escort and protect the commis- sioners.f The peace of 1749 was confirmed at St. Georges Aug. 3, 1751, by .some of the tribes, and a temporary ces- sation of hostilities followed. Conferences were also held in 1752 and 1753 with the Indians, who continued in a very unquiet state. At the conference in 1753 at St. Georges, the Indians admitted that they had received a let- ter from the French missionary stimulating them to adopt some measures in defense of their rights and their territory. w.\R OF 1754-5n. " After the peace of 1748, the two great European powers who were struggling for supremacy in North America, hav- ing perceived the growing importance of the immense do- * Mr. Smith's Journal notices these facts as follows: " 1751, April 24, It is a melancholy time as ever the country knew, 1st on account of the great convulsion and perplexities relating to a medium, some towns not having raised any money for public ta.\es, nor chosen offi- cers; 2d, with respect to a war with the Indians; 3d, the epidemic fever; 4th, the coldness and wetness of the spring." The fever prevailed throughoirt this town, and a number of persons, especially children, died of it in October and November, 1750. f Smith's Journal. 7 minions they possessed on this side the Atlantic, each turned its attention to secure its power and to prepare for future difficulties. Commi.ssioners had been appointed in 1749 by France and England to adjust the boundaries between their respective possessions, who, after numerous sessions and elaborate discussions at Paris, were unable to arrive at any satisfactory result. The French claimed the Kennebec River as the western boundary of their province of Acadia, and erected forts in that province to secure a passage over- land to Quebec. They also strengthened their positions in the rear of the English settlements, and erected new forts even upon the territory of the English Colonies. Their design was to connect their provinces of Louisiana and Canada, by a chain of forts which might enable them to keep up a communication, and while they secured them from invasion to be ready to seize any favorable opportunity to pursue offensive operations against their ancient enemy. It may easily be imagined that these hostile manifestations could not be viewed with indifference by a nation so jealous as the English, and loud complaints of these encroachments were made on both sides of the Atlantic. But the French, although they amused the English a while with the hope of giving them satisfaction, yet their object being solely to gain time, no reparation was made or intended. It was therefore evident that resort must be had to arms. To meet this emergency the British government recommended a convention of delegates from the several colonies with a view to produce unity of action and a more powerful com- bination of their forces. The meeting took place at Al- bany, June 19, 1754, and was one of the most respect- able assemblies, and, as the prototype of those of the Revoluticm, the most important in its consequences, of any which had been convened on this continent. It was one object of this meeting to conciliate the western Indians, on whom the French had long been practicing their seductions, but although large presents were distributed, the measure entirely failed ; the French had secured an influence over the wandering tribes which could not be dissolved by any art which the English were able to use. " While this course was being pursued to engage the alliance of the western Indians, Governor Shirley was en- deavoring to secure the favor of those in the east, and at the same time to take such steps as in case of failure would protect the frontier from their incursions. It had been rumored that the French had established a settlement between the Kennebec and Chaudiere Rivers, with a view to secure the passes from Quebec to IMaine, and to facilitate the march of their forces into New England. This report, although it afterwards appeared to have been unfounded, created "-reat alarm in Massachusetts and Maine, and the o-overnment immediately ordered a body of eight hundred men to be raised to break up the supposed settlement and, by suitable fortifications in that part of the country, to prevent the inroads of the enemy. Governor Shirley took the immediate command of the expedition, and, to avoid giving offense or alarm to the Indians, he invited them to a conference to be held at Falmouth, in June, and, in the mean time, vigorously prosecuted his preparations for the ulterior purposes of the enterprise. " On the 21st of June forty-two Indians of the Nonid'je- 50 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. ic'ich tribe, punctual to tlioircnpigi'ment, arrived here : the Governor, witli a quorum of tlio Couiic-il and a number of representatives, arrived on the 2()th, and were received with ^'reat attention.* On the day after their arrival a public dinner was given to them in the court-house: the town was filled with people. The transports, with eight hundred troops, had arrived a day or two before, under the coniniaiid of General Winslow, and had formed a camp on Bangs' Island, and it is probable that the .soldiery contrib- uted to swell the crowd and magnify the parade. The con- ference wa.s held on the 28th of June. The Governor asked the consent of the Indians to build a fort at Ticonnet and another at Cushnoc Falls,| and pr()po.sed to them the ratifi- cation of former treaties. They took time to consider those propositions, and, on the 1st day of July, they gave their answer assenting to the peace, but refusing to grant permis- sion to erect the forts. The treaty was, notwithstanding, signed on the 2d of July, and on the 3d it was ratified, when their usual dance took place. The Indians left town on the same day, three of their young men going to Boston, the remainder returned home.J On the 5th, twenty-five Indians of the Penobscot tribe arrived, and the Governor met theui the .same day in the meeting-house, and on the next closed a treaty, in which tlicy bound themselves to remain at peace should hostilities with the French take place. The Governor continued in this neighborhood until July 30th, when he sailed for the Kennebec and proceeded to Ticonnet, where he marked out the site of a fort on a point formed by the junction of the Sebasticook with the Kennebec, which, when completed, was named Halifax. A part of the expedition proceeded up the river to the portage, and, .seeing no vestiges of French or Indians, they returned without having rendered service at all equivalent to the expense of the expedition. The Governor revisited this town on the 3d of September, and dojiarted for Boston ou the 8th. "This was one of the busiest .seasons that our inliabi- tants had ever witnessed. The town was kept in confusion the whole summer, and for many years after, it was com- mon to refer to the occasion as a measure of time, and the expression ' the year that Governor Shirley's treaty was made,' was as familiar before the Revolution as 'house- hold words.' Mr. Smith, after noticing in his journal the departure of the Governor, exclaims, ' Thus ended a sum- mer's scene of as much bluster as a Cambridge commence- ment, and now comes on a vacation when our house and the town .seem quite solitary !' One can readily imagine what an excitement must have been produced in town by a collection of the dignitaries of government and the repre- sentatives of two dreaded Indian tribes, when he reflects • The (joveriior took lodgings at tho house of Jiihcz Fo.\, K-^q., who wn« a member of the Council ; he lived ou the west side of E.\chiingo Sirei't, in a houi'o that had belonged to Phincas .Tones. Among the genllcmen present were Missrs. Danlorlh, Oliver, Bourn, Ilubbttril, Lincoln, Wheelwright, Jlinut, iind Hancock. t Ticonnet is a( the junction of the Sebasticook and Kennebec Rivers, in the town of Winslow; Cushnoc is now Augusla. % The canoes of tho Indians were hauled up on the bank where the cuslom-houso now stands, the ledge being then entirely covered with earth. The place was snbscriuently used as a ship-yard, which broke the ground, and Iho soil hoe since been all wosbod away. that the village on the Neck, where all the parade was ex- hibited, contained but one hundred and forty or one hun- dred and fifty families, making a population of about one thousand, and that tluj high officers of government were then invested by public opinion with vastly more reverence and splendor than at present exists. There were few houses in town which could give suitable accommodations to such visitors, and those must have been necessarily crowded. Mr. Smith says, in anticipation of the event, ' we have been paint- ing and fitting uji our house for the treaty which is approach- ing,' and June 28th, he .says, 'yesterday and to-day we had a vast concourse dined with us, at our expense.'§ " Notwithstanding the precautions of the previous year, the commencement of 1755 found all the colonies from Virginia to the St. Lawrence engaged in a war with tho Indians, and with the French of the neighboring provinces. As early as April the Indians appeared in Gorham and killed .several persons, and all the frontier towns were har- assed and sustained injury in the lives and property of their inhabitants. The whole country was alarmed by these attacks and by the appearance of a French fleet upon the coast. The government was making great exertions to prosecute the war with vigor ; but the.sc were spent rather for distant and brilliant operations than for securing the people from the marauding attacks of the savages. Two thousand New England troops sailed from Boston in May, 1755, to subdue tho French in Nova Scotia, and achieved a signal victory in June. "In May, 1756,areport liavingbeen broughtto Falmouth that a body of one hundred and twenty Indians were coming ujion the frontier and were about spreading themselves from Brunswick to Saco, four companies of volunteers were im- mediately raised from among our people, and under the command of Captains Milk. Ilsley, Skillings, and Berry, went out in pursuit of them. Capt. Skillings marched in the direction of Windham, and succeeded in saving the ])ciiple and property of that place; he arrived in season to put the enemy to flight soon after they had commenced an attack upon the inhabitants, in which one was killed and one wounded and scalped. The Indians loft five packs, a bow, a bunch of arrows, and several other articles. Ou another occasion the same year, when a report reached hero that the fort at St. Georges was attacked, a nundjer of our young men proceeded without delay to offer their assist- ance II In April, 1757, Joseph Cox and Mr. Bayley, of this town, fitted out a small expedition, on private (iccoiint, against the I't-nohscot Indians, and returned early in June, bringing with them two canoes, a quantity of oil, fish, and feathers, and the scalps of two men whom they had killed. The war in our part of the country was carried on in this desultory manner on both sides; the out-settlements were kept in continual alarm by small divisions of the enemy scattered over the ]jrovince, and lighting, like the wary j^ Mr. Smith was, however, compensated at the close of this scene, for he says, July 2Stli, '* Capt. Osborne sailed for Boston, having paid me one hundred pounds for my house.'' |[ The next year, in Se]>(ciuber, an alarm having been given of a great firing at Georges, and it being supposed that the fort there was attacked, one hundred and lifly men, mostly volunteer.", immediately hastened by w.ilcr to its relief. — Xinith't ./oiiii.. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OF 174-t. 51 li;iwk, wherever spoil was easy to be obtained ; no regular efforts were iiiade by either party. " The war was not formally declared by the Eiiu;lish until May, 1756, although hostilities in America had commenced two years before; the king in his declaration states that ever since the treaty of Aix-la-Cliapelle, the French had been making encroachments upon his American subjects, and had, in 175i, witiiout any previous notice, broke out into acts of open hostility and seized an English fort on the Oliio.* All attempts to procure reparation having been unavailing, the last resort of injured nations was applied. The first three years of the war had been generally unsuc- cossfu!-; it had been conducted at great expense and with- out much system. But in 1758, under the vigorous ad- ministration of the elder Pitt, English affairs, both in Europe and America, a.ssunied a new aspect, and- her arms became triumphant. In pursuance of a recommendation from Mr. Pitt, the General Court resolved to raise seven thousand men for an expedition against Canada ; this was the largest force ever raised by the province, but the hope of conquering Canada and driving from their neighborhood an enemy by whom they were expo.sed to continual fear and loss, stimulated them to an extraordinary effort. About six hundred men of this force were raised in Maine, and sailed for Kittery to join the army on the 21st of May. The result of the campaign was very unfavorable ; the principal object of the expedition, the capture of Ticonde- roga, failed, and our army of about fifteen thousand men disgracefully abandoned the siege, and retreated with loss of men and munitions of war before an inferior force. The ill success may be attributed partly to the fall of the accom- plished Lord Howe, at tiie commencement of the attack. The effect of this disaster was somewhat diminished by the capture of Louisbourg, which capitulated to our arms July 2Gtli ; the siege had been carried on with great spirit, and the garrison did not surrender until they had lost fifteen hundred men, and the town was a heap of ruins.f The number of prisoners was five thousand six hundred and thirty-seven. The arrival of this intelligence at Falmouth on the 17th of August occa.sioned great joy, and the people spent the afternoon and most of the night in rejoicing.J The next year, the war was pursued with larger preparations and a more determined spirit on the part of the mother- country. The provinces also partaking of the zeal which animated the ministry at home, raised large supplies of men to co-operate in the favorite design upon Canada. Massa- chusetts raised six thousand eight hundred men, of whom two thousand five hundred served in the garrison at Louis- bourg, several hundred in the navy, three hundred joined General Wolfe before Quebec,§ and the remainder served under General Amherst, who entered Canada by Lake Champlain, with a triumphal progress, capturing in his course the forts at Ticonderoga, Crowu Point, and Niagara. ■» This was Fort Du Quesne, now Pirtsburgh. f There were foiinti in this fortress two hundred and twenty-one pieces of cannon, eighteen mortiirs, and a large quantity of stores and ammunition. t -Smith's Journal, Aug. IT, 175S. jJ Among the persons from Falmouth who served in Wolfe's army Brig. Preble, then a captain, John Waiic, afterwards a colonel, and William M'Lellan. " It was one of the conditions imposed by the General Court in voting the last division of this large enlistment of soldiers, that four hundred men of the levy should be em- ployed under the direction of the Governor, to erect a fort at the mouth of Penobscot River. In pursuance of this plan. Governor Pownal went to Penobscot in May|| and constructed upon a point in the town of Pro.spect, since called Fort Point, one of tiie nio.st substantial and well- appointed fortifications that had ever been erected in Mainc.^ Governor Pownal was accompanied in this expedition by Brig.-Gen. Waldo, who, being a large proprietor in the Waldo patent, on which the fort was laid out, was deeply interested in the result of the enterprise. " But while Gen. Waldo was pointing out to the Gov- ernor the limit of his territory in or near Bangor, the bounds of his own life were fixed ; he suddenly fell, and expired in a few moments of an apoplectic fit.** The fort was placed under the command of Capt. Jedediah Preble, of this town, on his return from Canada in 1751}.ff " The campaign of 1759 was crowned with complete suc- cess by the capture of Quebec, on the 17th of Sejitember. No event could have produced greater joy in the colonies than tliis. It had been the place from which, for a long series of years, had issued the decrees that had armed and let loose upon our frontiers a merciless and remorseless enemy. Various unsuccessful attempts had been made in the previous sixty years, at an immense cost and an extrav- agant waste of life, to drive this power from the continent. Now that the object of the most ardent wishes of the colo- nists was accomplished, public feeling swelled to the highest note of joy. Mr. Smith, in his journal, saj's, 'The country is all in extasy upon the surprising news of the conquest of Quebec' Information of the battle on the plains of .\bra- ham, September 13th, in which the opposing generals, Wolfe and Montcahu, were killed, reached here October 14lh. On the 15th and ICth the cannon at the fort were fired, Mr. Mayo's house was illuminated and small-arms were fired in the evening. Jl The next evening three mast ships in the [[ He touched in here May 4th, and remained until the Sth. Tf It was called Fort Pownal, in compliment to the (jovcrnor, and cost five thousand pounds, which was repaid by England. is- Williamson, 2, 338. Gen. Waldo was son of Jonathan Waldo, a respectable merchant in Boston, who died in 1731, leaving a large estate to his five children, lie was interested in eastern lands, and his son, Samuel, was connected with him in these speculations. On his death, Samuel came into possession of largo tracts here and farther east. The general was the largest proprietor of land in this town for many years, having purchased the rights of old proprietors previous to 1730. In 17.10 he bought eight hundred acres of the proprietors' committee, and seized every opportunity to extend his interest here. He was an active, intelligent, and persevering man, and spent much time in town. He died at the age of sixty-three, leaving two sons, Samuel and Francis, who lived in this tiiwn, and daughters, Hannah, married to Isaac Winslow, of Roxbury, and Lucy, married to Thomas Fluckor, of Boston, who were the parents of the late Gen. Knox's wife; a third son, Kalph, died young. Gen. Waldo went to England in 1729 to defend the interest of the Lincoln proprietors, and pub- lished a pamphlet in vindication of their rights. •f-f Mr. Preble had the command of a company of provincial troops in the exjiedition against Canada, was in the battle on the (daius of Abraham, before the city of Quebec, and near Gen. Wolfe when ho fell. He was subsequently promoted. ft Ebeuezer Mayo ; his house stood on the west side of King Street, near the corner of Newbury Street. He was a respectable merchant, 62 HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. harbor were illuminated. The 25th of the same month was observed as a Jay of public thanksgiving fur the brilliant successes of the campaign. "Tiie French power in this country having been thus broken, the Indians, who had Ibugiit under it, immediately sought safety by submission to the con(iuerur. In the spring of 17(!0 tlie I'liioljscri/s, the St. Johns, and I'ass'niiiiqiioJdT/ Indians, and those of Nova Scotia, finding they could not, unaided by French power and influence, resist the English arms, entered into a treaty of peace, and from that time for- ever ceased to become formidable in the northern colonies. The conquest of Canada was completed Sept. 8, 1700, by the surrender of Montreal, the other posts of the French having previously capitulated ; but in Europe the war was not terminatad until February, 1763. News of the surren- der of Jlontreal and the total extinguishment of French hopes on this continent was received in town Sept. 20, 1700, and caused a renewal of the rejoicing of the preceding year. On the evening of September 22d, Rev. Mr. Smith's house and several others on the Neck were illuminated, and a public thanksgiving was kept for the reduction of Canada. " By the treaty of peace, which was signed at Paris, the French ceded all Canada to Great Britain and Louisiana to Spain, and thus took leave of the North American conti- nent, since which they have never had foothold upon it, save the short period, in the reign of Napoleon, that they held Louisiana. When it is considered bow much blood had been shed, how much suffering, desolation, and sorrow had been brought upon the English colonies by the arms and the influence of the French over the Indians, their ever- faithful allies, from 1088, we cannot be surprised at the deep and well-founded satisfaction with which they viewed the removal of all fear of future alarm and depredation from that quarter." CHAPTER X. PEKIOD OF THE REVOLUTION. Preliminary Stages — Committees of Safety ami Correspondence — Tlio Stamp-Act — Burning of Stninj^s in Kalmoutli — Rejoicing upon the Repeal of the Act — Other Oppressive Mea.'^urc." — The Non-l\npor- tation Agreement — Falmouth acting promptly with Boston — Dec- laratitin of the County Convention. At the time of the breaking out of the Revolutionary war the settlements in the province of Maine were chiefly upon the seaboard. In this county the settlements were mainly upon Ca.seo Bay, extending from New Meadows River, on the east, to Pine Point, on the west, and includ- ing the two extremes of Ilarpswell and Scarborough. Tlie only interior towns in the county at that time were Gorham, ^Yilldham, and New Gloucester. In what are now Bald- win, Bridgton, Gray, Raymond, and Standish, there were small settlements, but they were included in the territory of l)ie other incorporated towns. The towns in the order of their relative importance, on the basis of population and and ciimo hero from Boston. Ho left three children, — .\pphia, Sii con, nod Klicni'zrr, tlio last of whom was born in 171)1. commercial enterprise, were at this time Falmouth, North Yarmouth, Brunswick, Scarborough, and Cape Elizabeth. Falmouth was at this period the most important seaport of the province, and the chief centre of those civic and military operations which characterized this portion of the country during the Revolution. It is not our purpose in this place to enter upon a gen- eral history of the war, nor of the causes which led to it ; it is enough for our present purpose if wc can put upon record some of the memorable acts of the people of this county, and of some of the more important towns eouipos- ing it, in a struggle which changed our country from colonial servitude to independence, and our people from de- pendence on a foreign government to the sovereign rights and liberties of citizenship. For several years preceding the actual commencement of hostilities, the danger of a conflict between the colonies and the mother-country had been anticipated, and Committees of Safety and Correspondence established in most of the towns. As to what particular acts were done by these committees but little is known, as the records which have been preserved of them are very meagre. It is known, however, that they kept up a correspondence with similiar committees of the other towns, more especially with Bos- ton and the larger places, and were thus made seas'inably acquainted with the condition of affairs over the whole country. Delegates were also sent to the General Court and Provincial Congress, and to other important bodies in Bos- ton and elsewhere, and were active in devising measures of defense and in shaping the general policy of the colonies during the preliminary period of the struggle. In the fall of 1705, Col. Samuel Waldo was elected by the people of Falmouth to represent that town in the General Court which commenced on the 23d of October of that year, and was instructed to use his utmost exertions to prevent the execution of the stamp-act in the province of Maine. lie was, however, unfriendly to the " party of liberty," which at this time constituted a majority of his constituents, and was never again elected.* The House at this session, by a strong majority, expressed its disapprobation of the stamp- act, and was about to pass a resolution instructing the offi- cers of the courts and custom-houses to proceed to business as u.sual without the use of stamped papers, when it was prorogued by the Governor. Notwithstanding this action, many of the courts were opened as usual, and the custom- house officers iu Boston granted clearances without being stamped. In this county the same spirit of defiance to the obnoxious act prevailed. The Inferior Court assembled at Falmouth on the 1st of January, 170(3, and proceeded to business as usual, without stamped papers."}" It seems that the custom-house officers here were disposed to enforce the act, for on the 8th of January a mob as.sembled and threatened the custom-house ; and on the 25th another mob assembled and burned some stamped clearances which had that day been brought by a brig from Halifax and deposited with the officer of customs. As soon as the inhabitants had notice of the fact, they assembled and marched in u * Josiah Preble, a stauneb Whig, was chosen without opposition as his successor. f Dcanc's Diary, Jan. 1, 17fi6. PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION. 53 body to the custom-liouse and demanded to have the stamps given to them immediately, deniandin<; that " an article so odious to all America" should not be kept there.* After receiving; them they were carried through the town on the end of a pole, and then committed to a fire prepared for that purpose, amidst the acclamations of a great concourse of people.f The odious stamp-act was repealed in March, 1766, and the demonstration at Falmouth, on the reception of the news, is thus described in the Boston Evening Post of the 2d of June : " On Sunday noon nn express was receivcil from Portsmouth, with the confirmation of the great and glorious news, which seemed to change tlie countenances of all ranlis of people, and_ everj friend of liberty was filled with pleasure and satisfaction, — on which occasion an anthem was sung after service at church. The morning following wa3 ushered in with every demonstration of loyalty and joy that could possibly be expressed, such as ringing of bells, firing of cannon at the fort and on board the shipping fn the harbor, having all their colors displayed, beating of drums, etc., when many loyal toasts were drunk, viz.. The Queen— The Rnyal Family— The ,jre,it Pill—Cun- wny — fliirre, etc., etc. ; and on Tuesday the same noble sjiirit ap- peared. In the evening the houses of the town were beautifully illuminated, fire-works played off, bonfires erected, etc. The whole concluded with so much order and decorum that it did great honor to the town." But, although the stamp-act was repealed, Parliament continued to levy a tax on the chief articles imported into the colonies. Falmouth was not long beliiiid Boston in resisting this by a most peculiar and effective method. Boston resolved not to u.se the taxed articles, and, on the 4th of December, 1767, the people of Falmouth " voted that this town highly approves of the measures of the town of Boston, to encourage home manufactures, and that this town will at all times endeavor to suppress the use of foreign ones and encourage industry and economy, agree- ably to the plan proposed by the town of Boston. "J In September, 1768, when a convention had been called at Faneuil Hall to protest against the order of the British to send a body of troops to Boston to put down the revolt against the taxes, Falmouth elected and sent Gen. Preble as a delegate, with instructions to use every laudable means within his power to bring about a redress of grievances. The troops were brought from England and quartered in Boston, and were a source of great vexation to the people till March 5, 1770, when they fired upon the citizens and killed five men. Then the Yankee vengeance was aroused, and the troops had to be removed ; the soldiers and officers who fired upon the citizens were committed for trial ; the tax upon tea and other articles was also modified, but not in a manner to give the colonies the relief required. On the 24th of December, 1772, a meeting of the inhabitants of Falmouth was held, at which " a large and respectable committee" was chosen to consider what is convenient to be done in order to redress public grievances, in answer to a committee of the town of Boston. The committee consisted of Enoch Freeman, Stephen Long- fellow, David Wyer, Jr., Theophilus Bradbury, Stephen « Willis' History of Portland. t Boston Evening Gazette, Feb. 3, 1 7CG. } Willis, Uist. Portland. Waite, William Slemons, Benjamin Titcomb, Richard Cod- man, John Waite, Mo.ses Pear.son, Benjamin Musscy, and Enoch Ilsley. Wm. Tyng was representative in 1772 and 1773, he was also sheriff of the county; he was a prerogative man, but probably had not taken the decided stand against popular opinion which he afterwards did, and which obliged hira to fly. The instructions to Mr. Tyng were as follows : "Sin, — Whereas we are sensible there is reason to complain of in- fringements on the liberties of the people of this province, and, as you are a representative for this town, we would offer a few things for your consideration on transacting the very important busincsfe thatr may lay before the Gcner.al Court at the next session. We are not about to enumerate any grievances particularly, as we doubt not the wisdom of the General Court is amply sufficient to investigate, not only every grievance, but every inconvenience the province at present liibors under; all wo mean is to suggest some method whereby all grievances may be redressed. And considering the singular abilities and good disposition of the present Governor, together with his family, being embarked on the same bottom with ourselves, we know of no expe- dient more effectual than for the members of the General Court, by a rational and liberal behavior, to conciliate the affections of his ex- cellency. The particular mode of doing this, we must leave to their wisdom and prudence, which on this important occasion they will un- douljtedly exert, only beg leave to observe that could his excellency be prevailed upon to join the other branches of the Legislature in supplicating the throne for redress of any of our grievances; it ap- pears to us the most probable way of obtaining his majesty's royal attention and relief." Up to this time the people of the colonics had hardly en- tertained the idea of separation from the mother-country. The tone hsrd been conservative, evincing a desire for mode- rate and conciliatory measures, hoping that those might finally prevail with the king and Parliament in securing the redress which the country demanded. Especially was this the state of feeling in places remote from Boston, where the inhabitants had not been wrought up to the same pitch of excitement. It continued so till after the destruction of the tea in Boston harbor, and the passage by Parliament of cer- tain arbitiary and oppressive acts, which no longer left the colonies in doubt as to the tyrannical iutentions of the Eng- lish government. " Their whole displeasure was poured out upon Massa- chusetts. On the cilst of March the Boston port bill was passed, by which the officers of the customs were removed from Boston, and all trade interdicted with that place. This was followed by an act for ' the better regulating the government of Mas.sachusetts Bay,' by which the appoint- ment of all civil officers of the colony was taken from the people and vested in the crown. And a third act, nomi- nally 'for the itnpartial administration of justice,' author- ized the removal of persons indicted for any capital offense committed in the support of public authority, to England or some other colony for trial. These acta passed both houses of Parliament by overwhelming majorities. " The effect of these severe laws was to unite at once all parts of the continent in measures of resistance. The several towns in the province promptly expressed their sympathy towards the people of Boston, their readiness to assist them, and their firm determination to aid them in the great cause of American liberty. On the 14th of June, the day on which the harbor of Boston was shut, the bell in Falmouth was muftled and tolled all day without ccssa- 5t HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. tion, frnm sunrise until nine o'clocic in tho evening,* and the 2i)tli was observed in town as a day of fast, on account of the irlooniy state of affairs. The next day a meeting of the inliabitants was held to take into consideration the alarming state of this province, and of the otiier provinces, when it was voted that the Committee of Correspondence be directed to write a letter of sympathy to the inhabitants of Roston, and assure them of the encouragement and support of this town as far as their abilities extended. They also voted to write to tlie principal towns in Massaeliusetts to ascertain their views in relation to the non-importation agreement. Elopes were still entertained that this engine, which had operated so powerfully upon the stamp-act, might again be used with success. With this view endeavors were made to bring about a union on this point, in which the people of the several colonics heartily concurred. A public meeting in Now York, held in July, expressed the opinion ' that a non-importation agreement faithfully observed would prove the most efficacious means to procure a redress of grievances.' On the 2lid of July, Falmouth voted to ob- serve the non-injporlation agreement, and the same meeting recommended that a contribution should be taken in the several parishes for the relief of the poor in Boston. f On the 25th of August another meeting was held, on occasion of a circular from Boston, in anticipation of the arrival of the two acts of Parliament altering the course of justice and annihilating the constitution of the province. The meeting expressed a firm opposition to these obnoxious measures, their trust that some method of redress would bo adopted by the approaching Congress, and their ardent wish that harmony with tho mother-country might be again restored. The town at the same time recommended that a convention should be held of delegates from all the towns in the county for the purpo.se of effecting a concert of action in relation to the non-importation agreement and other measures of general interest, and appointed a committee to attend the convention and correspond with other towns on the subject.;]; In pursuance of this recommendation, a con- vention of delegates from the several towns in the county a.sscmbled at Falmouth September 21st. A large collection of people came to town the same day to compel Sheriff Tyng to refuse compliance with the act of Parliament regulating civil government in the province." We give below the report of this convention entire, to- gether with the remarkably able statement and declaration put forth by that body. This statement, antedating the Declaration of Independence by nearly two years, was pre]iared, it is believed, by Hon. Charles Freeman, of Fal- » The act went into o|icrntion June 1st, but vessels then within the hnrbor were nllowcJ until the l-lth to depart, after whieh no ves- sels were allowed to go in or out except eoastivise with provisions for the sustenance of the inhaliitnnls. The House of Burgesses in Vir- ginia appointed the first day of June to be kept as a day of faslin" and prayer; and in Philadelphia the bells were run;; uiultlcd, and business was generally suspenrled. t This was had in the first parish September 11th, thcauiount raised in town wc cannot ascertain. In February, 1775, Falmouth sent to Boston as a donation, fifty-one and a half cords of wood, and Capo Eliz:ibi'th, forty-four and a half cords. JTbccouiniitleo connisted of Knoch Freeman, Stephen Longfellow, Enoch Ilsley, Samuel Freeman, Richard Codman, and John Waite. mouth, who was clerk of the meeting and chairman of the committee. " I'roceediiuji, of the Convcnlim, of Deleijalcs from the luimt in Cnmhcr- laud Connlij, Sept. 21, 177+, til t'lilmonlh, fur the purpose of effect in g a concert of action in refotion to it non-iinportution otjreenient, etc. " At a meeting of the following gentlemen, chosen by the several towns in the county of Cumberland, held at Falmouth, in said county, on the 21st day of Seiitcmbcr, 1774, at the house of Mrs. (ireeic, viz. : from Fiilnioitfh, the Hon. Enoch Freeman, Esq., Stephen Longfellow, Esq., Mr. Kichard Codman, Capt. John Waite, Mr. Enoch Ilsley, and Mr. Samuel Freeman ; Scnrhomuijh, Capt. Timothy McDaniel, Capt. lleubi'n Fogg, Mr. Joshua Fabyan : North Yarmouth, Mr. Jolm Lewis, David Mitchell, Esq., Messrs. Jonathan Mitchell, Jolin Gray, William Cutter; Gorham, Solomon Lombard, Esq., William Oorhnm, Esq., Capt. Edmund Phiney, Capt. Briant Morton, Mr. Joseph Davis; Cape Elizaheth, Dr. Cle ment J^ dan, Messrs. Peter Woodbury, Samuel Dunn, Capt. Judah Dyer, Dr. Natha niel J ones, Mr. George Strout; ISrnnswick, Messrs. Samuel Thompson, Sauiuel Stanwood, Capt. Thos. MouUon ; Ilnrpsmcll, Mr. Joseph Ewing, Capt. John Stover, Mr. An- drew Dunning; Wuulham, Messrs. Zerubbabcl llonywell, Thomas Tro!t, David Barker; AVk. Gloucester, Messrs. William Harris, Ifaac Parsons. •'Thellon Enoch Freeman, Esq., was chosen chairman; Mr. Samuel Freeman, clerk. " A committee from the body of people, who were assembled at the entrance of the town, waited on this convention to see if they would choose a committee of one member out of each town to join them to wait upon Mr. Sheriff Tyng, to see wliether he would act in his office under the late act of Parliament for regulating the government. '' On a motion made, l'o/c(/, Tliat a messenger be sent to the said .Sheriff Tyng to desire his attendance at this convenlion. A messenger then waited upon Mr. Tyng, with the following billet, viz. : " ' Mr. Sheriff Tyng's company is desired at tlie convention of the county, now sitting at Mrs. Grcele's. "S.\Mt:i:L FllKCMAN, Vterh, " ' Wcilnesday, Sept. 21, 1771, II o'clock .\.ji.' "Mr. Tyng accordingly attended, and, after some interrogations, subscribed the following declarations, viz. ; '"Coc.NTY OF Cii.«BKRLANi>, Fai.moutii, Sept. 21, 1774. " * Whereas great numbers of the inhabitants of this county are now assembled near my house, in consequence of tlie false representation of some'cvil-minded persons, wlio have rcjiortcd that I have endeavored all in my power to enforce tho late acts of Parliament relating to this province, I do hereby solemnly declare that I have not in any w y whatever acted or endeavored to act in conformity to said act of Par- liament; and in compliance with the commands of the inhabitants so assemblcil, and by the advice of a committee from the several towns in this county now assembled in Congress, I further declare I will not as sheriff of said county, or otherwise, act in conformity to, or by virtue of, said acts, unless by the general consent of tlie said county. I further declare I have not received any commission inconsistent with the charter of this province, nor any commission whatever since the 1st day of July last. "'William Tv.nc' **' County of Cumberland, — At the convention of committees from the several towns in the said county, held at the house of Mrs. Greele, in Falmouth, in said county, Sept. 21, 1774, Voted, Thnt the foregoing, by William Tyng, Esq., subscribed, is satisfactory to this convention. " ' Attest : Samikl F'kkkman.' ** The convention then formed themselves into a committee to accom- pany Mr. Tyng to the liody of (he people to present the above decla- ration, and adjourned to the old town house at three o'clock p.m., tho deliberation to be in public. "The committee accordingly went with Mr. Tyng, who read the declaration to the people, which tiny voted to be satisfactory, and, after refreshing themselves, returned peaceably to their several houus. "Three o'clock p.m., met according to adjournment. " r.//<,i/, That Mr. Samuel Freeman, Solomon Lombard, Esq., Ste- phen Longfellow, Esq., David Mitchell, Esq., John Lewis, Capt. John Waite, Samuel Thompson, Capt. Timothy McDaniel, Dr. Nathaniel PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION. 55 Jones, Isanc Parsons, Enoch Freeman, Esq., David Barker, and Capt. J(»lin Sluver be a coiniuittee to draw up tlie sentiments of this conven- tion and report the same at the adjournment. *' Then adjourned to Thursday morning at eight o'clock. " St'jtteiiiber 22. — Met according to adjournment, when the commit- tee prosinted the following report, which, after being read paragraph by paragraph, was unanimously accepted, viz.; "The great concern with which the people of this county view the increasing differences which now subsist between the mother-country and the colonies, and the dark prospect which some late acts of the British parliament have in particular opened to them, has occasioned the several towns herein to choose committees for this convention, *to consider what measures it would be thought expedient to adopt for the general interest of Ihe county in the present alarming situation of our ])ublic affairs.* We therefore, the said committees, pursuant to tlie request of our respective towns, guided by a strong attachment to the interests of our oppressed country, think it proper, with respect and deference to our brethren in other countries, to make known our minds, as follows: " We think it the indispensable duty of every subject of the English constitution, for our own sakcs as well as that of future generations, to use his utmost care and endeavor, according to the station he is in, to preserve the same inviolate and unimpaired; for we regard it not only as the foundation of all our civil rights and liberties, but as a system of government the best calculated to promote the peo(>le's peace and happiness. And we lament that in the present administration there are men so lost to all the principles of honor, equity, and justice as to attempt a violation of the rights which we have long enjoyed, and which, while we profess ourselves, as we now declare we do, alle- giant subjects to George the Third, our rightful sovereign, we have a right still to enjoy entire anon as iniy be. " Voted, That this convention ho continued, and that the com- mittee of Falmouth, or the major part of them, be, and hereby are, empowered on any occasion that in their opinion requires it to notify a meeting of the delegates thereof, at such time and place as they may think proper, setting forth the occasion thereof. *' Voted, That the thanks of this convention be given to the Hon. Enoch Freeman, Esq., for his faithful services as chairman. " A true copy. "Attest: S.VMUKL Frkkm.in, Chile" CIIAl'TEll XI. ■WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. liattle of Lexington— Troops sent from Falmouth— Capture of Capt. Atowatt — His RL'lcase — Preparations for the Defense of the Town — Its destruction by Mowatt — Destitution and Patriotism of the In- habitants—Military Movements in this .Section — Close of the War. At the oulbicak of the war Capt. Mowatt was in coni- inaiitl of a sloop of war at Faliuouth — tlio " Canceau." News of tlie battle of Lexington reached the town on the 21st of April, 1775, two day.s after the enirageiueiit, and the same day a company of soldiers was sent off to aid the people in the ncighboiliood of Boston. The town called a meeting on the 28d, and took active measures to furnish amiuiitiition, and is.sued orders for the drilling of the Min- ute Jlen ; a coniinittee was also chosen who were directed to procure instantly such provi-sions for the use of the town as they should deem necessary, and deposit it in a suitable place, for which the town treasurer Wiis authorized to give his notes of hand. The committee consisted of Timothy Pike, Daniel Dole, William Frost, Enoch Ilsley, Benjamin Titconib, and Stephen Waite, to whom John Fo.x, William McLellan, ;ind Simeon Mayo were afterwards added, wliile Josejih JIcLellan, Thomas Smith, Enoch Ilsley, and Paul Little were added to the Cimimittee of Correspondence. " These prompt and spirited proceedings were adopted not- withstanding the ' Canceau' was then lying in the harbor, whose commander was constantly urged to check them by the vindictive feelings of CoLson and others, who had suf- fered for their non-compliance with the decrees of the pop- ular party." The next day an alarm was created by the arrival of two traders, which were supposed to be reinforce- ments fur Mowatt, and many people, under this impression, moved their property out of town. On the Oth of May an attempt was made to capture Mowatt's vessel. The plan seems to have been conceived by Col. Samuel Thompson, of Brunswick, who, as we are informed, had for several weeks previous to the attempt been holding secret meetings at the house of Aaron Hinckley, in conipany with Col. Parrinton, Capt. John Simmons, John Merrill, Jaiuos Porter, and others. Hero they formed a sort of independent military organization. Samuel Thoin[)son was chosen colunei, and John Merrill and Thomas Thompson, captains. Ca]it. John Simmons was appointed commodore. This appears as if the design was to capture the man-of-war, and u.se it as an armed vessel against the English. Willis says they came " with a design to des/iw/ the ship," which is prob- ably incorrect. The account which we find in Wheeler's History of Brunswick, Topsham, and Ilarpswell, says, " The original plan was to procure a vessel of sufficient size to carry a company of some sixty or seventy men ; to disguise the vessel as a wood-coaster ; to conceal the men in the hold ; .sail for Portland in the night, go alongside the ' Canceau,' and board her immediately. The rendez- vous was to be New Meadows. The disclosure of the plan altered their arrangements .somewhat, but did not deter them from their design. " Tliey sailed from New Meadows on the night of May 8th, and landed on the morning of the 9th, in a grove of thick trees, at a place called Sandy Point. There were about fifty armed men, each wearing in his hat a small bough of spruce. Their standard was a spruce-pole, with a green top left upon it. Sentinels were posted around their camp, and several persons who chanced to pass that way were seized and detained. Poletiah Haley was sent into town to obtain what information he was able. About one o'clock in the afternoon Capt. John Merrill, with two of his .senti- nels, while walking near the shore, saw Capt. Mowatt, with Rev. Mr. Wiswall, of St. Paul's Church, and his surgeon, land at Clay Cove, and walk up the hill. They compelled them to surrender, and immediately sent for Col. Thomp- son to come and receive Mowatt's sword. This he did, but returned it immediately. A number of prominent citizens of Falmouth visited the camp and urged the release of the prisoners. The ' Spruce Company' were infiexiblo, but as night was approaching they concluded to march their pris- oners to Marston's tavern. About nine o'clock the prisoners were released on a promise to return the next morning. Gen. Preble and Col. Freeman pledging themselves for them. The prisoners, however, did not keep good their promise. The company left on Friday. There were other companies joined them while in Falmouth, and some misdeeds were committed by soldiers, but there is no positive evidence that it was by Thomp.son's men. On their return they took back .some boats belonging to Mowatt. When about leav- ing, it is said that they were considerably alarmed at the approach of a fishing-smack belonging in North Yarmouth, which they erroneously supposed to be a vessel sent out by Mowatt to capture them." This attack of Thom])son and his men has been pretty harshly criticised, but however premature it may have been, it was, in a measure, successful, and had he been properly seconded by the citizens of Falmouth, no doubt the "Can- ceau" would have fallen into their hands. The threat of the officer on board the " Canceau," that WAll OF THE REVOLUTION. unless the prisoners were given up lie " would lay the town in ashes," produced great excitement in Falmouth. No one knew but that Thompson would cany them off by force, and that the threat would be executed at any moment. " Our women," says a letter of Freeman's, " were every one of them in tears or praying, or screaming; precipitately leaving their houses; especially those whose husbands were not at iiome, and widows ; hurrying their goods into coun- trymen's carts, never asking their names though strangers, or carrying their children either out of town or to the south end." Before morning, on the night of the arrest, not only Col. Phinney's men, but luilitia from Gorham, Cape Elizabeth, and Stroudwater, to the number of six hundred, bearing the news of the preceding day, came into town. They were exceedingly exasperated that Mowatt had been discharged, and seemed determined to destroy his ship. When it was ascertained that Mowatt had not in- tended to keep his parole, they vented their rage upon his liostages, Gen. Preble and Col. Freeman, whom they kept in confinement that day without dinner, and refused to per- mit their children to speak to them. Towards evening they were relea.sed on conditions of their furnishing refreshments to the military then in town. " The town was now under military government, and the officers resolved themselves into a board of war. Being thus organized, they proceeded to call before them persons suspected of being Tories : old Mr. Wyer, Kev. Mr. Wis- wall, and Jeremiah Pote attended upon their summons. They exacted from Capt. Pote money and provisions, and required him to give a bond of two thou.sand pounds to appear before the Provincial Congress and give an account of liis conduct.* The soldiers not being under proper sub- ordination conducted in an irregular and disorderly manner, to the disgust and danger of the inhabitants, all whose per- suasions did not prevent them from committing .some ex- cesses. They rifled Capt. Colson's house and u.sed it as a barrack, and from Sheriff Tyng's house they took a silver cup and tankard a;id his gold-laced hat.f The confusion was considerably increased by the free use of liquor found in Colson's cellar ; under this inspiration, a man by the name of Calvin Lombard went to the water-side at the foot of King Street, and fired a musket loaded with two balls at the ' Canceau,' which penetrated deep into her side. The same day a party of Thompson's soldiers seized Col- son's boat on the shore, and next day nearly a hundred men hauled it through the streets to the fields near where the meetinghouse of the third parish stands ; the day after, another boat was hauled to the same place. These repeated aggravations called from Mowatt a demand for retribution ; he required that Lombard should be given up, that the in- habitants should dispel the ' mob from the country,' as he called them, and restore the iDoats, or ho would fire upon the town. These requisitions created considerable alarm, but *■■ Mr. Wiswall declared his abhorrence of the doctrine of passive oljedienee, and that Great Britain had no right to lay internal taxes; he declined giving any opinion relative to the late acts of Parliament. t The projierty taken from Colson'a was valued at one hundred and forty-one pounds, one shilling, one pence, and from Tyng's at filty pounds. Res. of Prov. Cong. The articles were carried to Gor- ham by Phinney's men and secured. Mr. Tyng's plate was delivered to Mrs. Ross, the mother of Mrs. Tyng. liy order of Congress. the inhabitants at this time averted the danger by as.snrin" Mowatt that the disturbances proceeded from the country people and were beyond their control. J " After much exertion the people of the town ,suececez Jones, of New Casco, a i)art of a side of solo leather, contrary to the law of God and man and the peace of this Comnionwoalth. I heartily ask forgiveness for the offense done to Ood and the jiublic, and submit myself lo bo publicly whipped in New Casco, atschuol- house hill, 15 stripes on my naked b:ick as a warning lo others. " ' IsA.vi' RoKF, y, his mark. '"Attest: "'JOSKI'll WOUMEI.I., '" Wm. lil.ACKSTONK. "'The above strijics were decently laid on by Samuel P.uckuain, constable.' " At the time courts fir.st bcs he was tender nnd unselfish. His charities were numerous. ... As a judge he worthily maintained the dignity of the bench." Judge Barrows said, — " I miss his presence and his cordial greeting, and in their stead I receive the funeral garland which your affectionate respect devotes to decorate his tomb; and I listen to the tribute you pay to departed worth, and strive to reeogniz-e the fact that in these scenes whore he has so long been busy he will appear no more forever." Nathan CiiiFFORD was bom in Rumney, Grafton Co., N. H., Aug. 18, 1803. His ancestors — of a well-known pjHglish family — emigrated to this country early in colonial times, and settled in the southern part of New Hampshire. His grandfather removed to Rumney, and lived there dur- ing his life. He served as an officer through the Revolu- tionary war, and was in all the important battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. The father of the judge also lived in Rumney until 1820, the time of his detitli. Nathan was the only son. His father, although a man much esteemed in the community where he lived, was poor, a farmer, and able to do little more than provide a comfort- able subsistence for his family. The mother was a woman of unusual strengtli and energy of character, and of great singleness and earnestness of purpose and action. The early formative influences to which the boy was subjected were of the purest and healthiest nature, for his was a home, although quite humble, in wliich the principles of honor and morality were both exemplified and taught. Parental affection liad, however, it seems, cherished no further expectations for the future of the son than tliat he should .succeed to his father's place and pursue the life which he had led. But, from an early age, different pur- poses had secretly filled the mind of young Clifford, who, from his youth, was impelled by a wish to acquire such knowledge as might qualify him for some more elevated station in life than the one in which he was born. He re- ceived the rudiments of ordinary education in the common schools of his native town ; but tlie instruction was of course meagre, and the terms comprised only those few months of the year in which farmers could spare their children from the duties and services of home. Such were the sources of the boy's learning until, at the age of four- teen years, he made known lo his parents a desire of ob- taining an education mare liberal than was within the reach of their means to afford him. Having overcome their re- sistance to his departure from home, and having obtained their reluctant eon.sent to become a pupil in Haveriiill Acad- emy, an institution of considerable standing in tho.se days, he found means to enter the school, and remained there for three years, — that is, until 1820. The struggles of his life may properly be said to have begun at the time when, bent upon the pursuit of knowl- edge, this young man first broke away from home and, relying almost exclusively upon his own efforts, entered upon a course of academical study. The expedient adopted by him for obtaining the necessary means of support was the common one of school-teaching in the common schools of the country towns of his native State. The proceeds were small, but they were sufficient. The three years of school life at Haverhill were subject to interruptions from this cause, but unflagging indu.stry made up for the ab- sences and brought rapid progress and high mental disci- pline. Subsequently to this, a year spent at the Literary Institution at New Hampton completed the young man's academical career, and ;it the expiration of that time, at the age of eighteen years, he entered the office of Hon. Josiah Quincy, a leading lawyer of triafton County, as a student at law. This choice of the profession of law was no acci- dent or sudden decision, but the result of a fixed and settled preference. The years of preparation had been years of close and intense study, and they had borne their fruit in a mind much matured, and in the production of practical views of life. The instructions of the academy had been supple- mented by a considerable stock of general reading, so that, in spite of many difficulties, Mr. Clifford had well fitted himself for the study of his chosen profession. To this he now devoted himself with what had already become charac- teristic assiduity. At the time of which we are writing, admission to the bar of New Hampshire could only be ob- tained by a candidate, not a college graduate, after a labori- ous preparation of five years ; but this, although inter- rupted still by the necessary resort to school-teaching, Mr. Clifl'ord had faithfully accomplished in 1827. He had also unaided, and to a very large extent by himself, pursued the course of classical and other study then prescribed for a New England college. With no little di.sappointnient, he had reliiKjuished the desire to pursue a college course, from the privileges of which, by the circumstances of his life at that time, he eousidered himself excluded. In May, 1827, he was admitted to practice in the Su- preme Court of his native State, and at once removed to the western part of Maine and established himself at the town of Newfield, in the county of York. Here his pro- fessional life really began, although, while a student, his intelligence and practical knowledge had led to his being not unfrequently intrusted with the management of cases of no little importance and intricacy. In consequence of early-acquired habits of study and reflection, and a memory of remarkable strength and accuracy, the young lawyer had brought with him into his newly-chosen field of prac- tice a substantial fund of legal knowledge and a capacity trained to apply it to the questions arising out of the busi- ness of men. He soon, conse(|uently, made his way to the confidence of the people among whom he lived, and found hitn.self in the po.ssession of a lucrative and increasing busi- ness. Not long after his settlement in Newfield, Mr. Clif- ford wais married to Hannah, the eldest daughter of Capt. James Ayer, at that time a leading citizen of the town. jy2iS2.^^i^ (^/c^^^-C^/2^ CUMBERLAND BENCH AND BAR. 97 Like those of hei' husband, Mrs. Clitford's ancestors par- ticipated in the strufigles and sacrifiues of the Revolution. Hannah Aycr was quite youthful when she was married, and has now for fifty-two years been the constant companion of her husband throughout all the leading passages of his career. With him, and with undiminished faculties, she enjoys to-day the long, eventful, and honorable retrospect which their joint lives afford. A lengthy period of absence from the State, the larger part of each year of which has been spent in Washington, has almost entirely removed Mrs. Clifford from the society of Maine ; but in the sin- cere love of all who know her she holds a seat, from which, by no circumstances possible to her, can she ever be dis- placed. Mr. Clifford was early led towards political life, and has always been a Democrat. Notwitlistanding at the time of his coming to Newfield hardly a score of Democrats could be found in the town, he was, in 1830, elected by a large majority to represent it in the State Legislature, and three times was re-elected to the same office. In 1833 he was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives, and in the following year again received the same honor. Con- tinued success accompanied him in the practice of his pro- fession, and in 1834 he was appointed attorney -general of the State. This office was then one requiring the exercise of the highest order of legal ability and acquirement, but this enlarged and more conspicuous stage of professional action served only in higher measure to illustrate and exem- plify the young attorney's talents and learning. In the exciting political contest of 1838, Mr. Clifford was nominated and elected to Congress from the First Con- gressional District of Maine, and was re-elected in 1840. He left Congress with an established reputation as an able and accomplished debater and an accurate parliamentarian. Although originally in favor of the re-election of Mr. Van Buren, he supported the nomination of Mr. Polk with ardor, and entered with great earnestness into that campaign. Mr. Clifford was in the conduct of an extensive practice when he was invited to become a member of the cabinet of Mr. Folk as Attorney-General of the United States. The office was congenial to the tastes of the new incumbent, and in the channel of his life-long studies and practice. His administration of its duties was such as to show himself a worthy successor of any that had preceded him in that high station. While a member of the cabinet he was appointed commissioner to exchange the ratifications of peace between this country and Mexico at the close of the Mexican war. After the establishment of peace between the two countries the commissioner remained in Mexico, under a new ap- pointment as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten- tiary. In 1849, having returned to this country, he re- moved to the city of Portland, which has ever since re- mained his place of residence. Here he again returned to the practice of the law, which he followed until his appoint- ment as associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Buchanan, in 1858. When Mr. Justice Clifford took his seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court nearly all the district judges were old men, almost past service, and the appointment of cir- cuit judges had not then been authorized by the act of Con- 13 gress. The dockets were crowded with cases, many of long standing, and, as a con.sequeuce, an enormous amount of labor was devolved upon the new judge. To this he ap- plied himself with great energy. The incessant labor, how- ever, of several years was required before the business was reduced to the dimensions of the current cases. For sev- eral years the judge took scarcely a day of vacation, but all of the year not consumed in attendance upon the Supreme Court was spent in the performance of circuit duties. As a Federal judge, it is not now necessary to say any- thing of the distinguished subject of this notice. His active judicial life is still a part of the present time, and his character and abilities are the subjects of every-day honor and respect. His opinions delivered in the Supreme Court form a respectable part, both in number and impor- tance, of forty volumes of the reports of the court, to wit : Howard, Black, Wallace, and Otto. His judgments upon the circuit are, in part, embodied in four volumes of " Clif- ford's Reports," edited by his son, William Henry Clifford, Esq., of the Cumberland bar. For several years Judge Clifford has been the senior justice of the court, and after the death of Chief Justice Chase, became acting chief jus- tice. This sketch would still be incomplete if Judge Clifford's selection as president of the electoral commission of 1877 should be omitted. The events of that memorable period are still recent, the recollection of them fresh in the public mind, and many of the actors still survive. The time, therefore, for an analysis of the merits of the decision in connection with the lives of any of the members of that tribunal has not yet come. But whatever may be the ver- dict of history concerning the motive or character of the final adjudication of that great committee, Americans of the present generation will bear witness that the calmness, wis- dom, and justice of the venerable presiding officer's rulings and decisions evoked, in the heat of discussion, a frank and universal admiration. Agreeing with the minority of that body, the president delivered an opinion upon the question of the Florida returns, and declined to give any judgments upon the votes of the other contested States. Six years ago Judge Clifford was privileged to retire from the bench, with the liberal pension provided by law. But retirement from active duty is not in accordance with his habits or disposition. He is still in vigorous health and in the full possession of matured faculties, trained and dis- ciplined by great study and a most varied experience. He has outlived the most of his generation, and still exhibits no signs of bodily or mental decay. He has crowned the life of a distinguished lawyer with what seems its most fit- tin-' ending, the character of a wise and great judge. In- dustry, truthfulness, and fidelity are the prominent traits of the judge's character. He has, however, always been no- ticeable for extreme suavity of disposition and urbanity of manner, in a combination at least not usual, to wit: with o-reat force of character and unyielding determination in the face of difficulties. That roughness or ruggedness of bear- in", which in many most estimable men seems to be the concomitant of energy, is in him supplanted by a sincere politeness of nature, by a gentleness which shows that great force of will is not inconsistent with kindness and consider- 98 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. ation for the feelings of others. Witli him, an indomitable mental and moral constitution is cioihcd with a mild and gracious exterior, and still he is essentially a self-made man. During the scenes of a most active life, he has found time to repair the defects of the education of early years. His judicial writings exhibit a clear, compact, and weighty style, and his memorial notices of some of his bri>thren who have fallen asleep, their day of labor ended, abound with grace and tenderness of expression. The colleges of New England liave not failed in a recognition of his acquisitions and learning. Bowdoin and Dartmouth Colleges and Brown and Harvard Universities have at different times conferred upon him their degrees of Doctor of Laws. Judge Clifford's fame rests on the abiding foundation of substantial worth and years of conscientious devotion to ex- alted duty. Among men he is truly to be considered happy, for he is living in the ripe season of a long and well spent life, rich in honors, in the highest station, with none of the infirmities of age, surrounded by the love and veneration of numerous descendants, having deserved and won the cordial regard and respect of his country. Hon. Bion Bradbitry. — His father, Jeremiah Brad- bury, a native of Saco, Me., commenced the practice of law in Biddeford, removed to South Berwick, and was ap- pointed by President Madison collector of the port of York, which place he held until 1820, when he was appointed clerk of thi courts, and removed to Alfred. He held this office for twenty years, and removed to Calais, Me., where he resided till his death, in 1848. His mother, Mary Langdon, was daughter of Capt. Seth Storer, of Saco, and granddaughter of Mrs. John Storer, of Wells, who was sister of Governor Langdon of New Hamp- shire, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- ence. Mr. Bradbury's paternal grandfather was a captain of the Revolution. Bion Bradbury was born in Biddeford, York Co., Me., Dec. 6, 1811. He received his academic education at Gorham and South Berwick Academies, and graduated at Bowdoin College in 1830. For the year 1831 he was pre- ceptor of Alfred Academy. He commenced the study of law at Alfred with Hon. Daniel Goodenow, completed his legal studies with Hon. William Pitt Preble, of Portland, and was admitted to the bar at Alfred, York Co., in May, 1834. In July of the same year he commenced practice in Calais, Washington Co., Me., nnd soon after formed a law partnership with Hon. Anson G. Chandler, which continued until 1838, when Mr. Chandler was appointed to the bench. In 1842 he was a member of the State Legislature from Calais, and served on important committees. He was ap- pointed collector of customs at Eastport, Me., in 1844 re-api)oitited by President Polk, and received a second re- appointment by President Pierce. He w;is member of the State Legislature from Eastport in 184!) and 1850, a member of the National Democratic Convention held at Cincinnati in 185(J, and also at Charleston and Baltimore in 18G0. He was Democratic candidate for Con"ress in the Sixth District of Maine in 1858, and defeated by a bare majority. In 18G2 he was elected to the Legislature from Eastport, as a war Democrat, by the unanimous vote of both parties, and in 18()3 was the Democratic candidate for Governor.* During all his official relations he continued the practice of the law, and since his removal to Portland, in 1804, has remained constant in the duties of his profe.s- sion. As a lawyer, Mr. Bradbury is learned, cautious in advising litigation, ever giving counsel in favor of compro- mise and settlement of disputes, and to a remarkable degree always retains the confidence of both parties. As an advo- cate, he is persuasive with the jury, skillful in the examina- tion of witnes,ses, graceful and spirited in his oi'atory. As a legislator, he was one of the foremost debaters, and con- trolled largely the policy of his party, who sought his advice constantly. He always took an active part in all matters of local. State, and national legislation. Not less to be ad- mired as a citizen and neighbor, he possesses a well-balanced mind, an evenness of temperament that controls his action at all times, a frankness of manner that places friends and strangers alike at ease while engaged in conversation, a sympathetic heart for the needy, a kind word ever ready to cheer the less fortunate, and whether surrounded by his fiimily, engaged in a perplexing case of litigation, or in anxious debate in the halls of legislation, he is ever the courteous, genial, and agreeable gentleman. He married in 1837 Alice, daughter of Johnson Williams, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and afterwards for many years a resident of Water- ville. Me. They have five children living, — Albert W., a practicing lawyer in Portland ; Bion, Jr., attached to the Coast Survey ; Mary Langdon, widow of the late Charles C. Wells ; Alice, wife of Charles F. Libby, Portland ; and Marcia Dow Bradbury. Hon. Elbridge Gerry, youngest son of Peter and Mary Gerry, was born in Waterfbrd, Oxford Co., in the then province of Maine, Dec. 6, 1813. His father, a native of Harvard, Mass., at an early age, with a view to the im- provement of his health, emigrated to Maine, to engage in the arduous life of a pioneer, clearing the forests and making himself a future home. He was a good specimen of the sturdy stock that in the earlier days conquered our rude soil, leveled our forests, created our towns, founded our churches and schools, and lifted the province of Maine into the dignity of an independent State. He married Miss Mary Cutler, of Sudbury, Mass., a refined and attractive woman. For several years he was a Representative in the State Legis- lature. He was laborious, thrifty, and exact in the man- agement of his own affairs as well as of those intrusted to his care, and was universally esteemed for his integrity and conscientious fidelity to duty. Peter Gerry was a zealous and active member of the Methodist Church, and his house was the free and welcome home of the traveling preachers of that denomination. He was one of four persons to erect the first Methodist church in Waterford. With such an example before him, Elbridge Gerrj' could scarcely fail in the battle of life to win success. His boyish pursuits were full of vitality and energy. The gun and fishing-rod were his familiar companions, and the woods, the hills, and the streams, his fiivorite resorts. In his own language, poetically expressed, reciting the glowing memo- ries of his youth, — * In 1874, Mr. Bradbury was the Democratic nominee for Congress from Portland. Photo, by Lamson, Portland. y^^^ o^-s^-^' y^ vV u^ CUMBERLAND BENCH AND BAR. 99 " Into the depths of forests sublime I plunged and traveled, regardless of lime ; The dazzling gloom and the wild array Hurried the hours and shortened the day, '• The forests, so peaceful, so profound, Awf 'ly grand in the absence of sound. Were like silent majesty to me. Land of my boyhood, honor to thee!" He remained at home until sixteen years of aije, receiving only the educational advautase-s then afforded by the com- mon schools. During this period, though full of boyish fun, and not very fond of .study, lie always led his classes in the lessons. Self-reliance was characteristic of him from boyhood. He acquired the habit of public speaking, for which he was thereafter noted, in the youthful debates with his school- fellows, in which were discu.ssed the gravest topics of the hour, and into which he entered with great earnestness. Before he was sixteen years old, he had by his own exertions accumulated several hundred dollars, and being desirous of obtaining a suitable education for some profe.ssiou, he en- tered Bridgton Academy, and at this and other similar in- stitutions for several years sedulously pursued his studies, teaching school in the winter months. An incident occurred when he was about twenty years old, while visiting at home, which may be appropriately re- lated here as illustrative of the character of the man. At a large gathering of the people of Waterford, assembled to discuss the temperance question, a resolution was offered that the members of the temperance society should give their business patronage exclusively to those who belonged to the association. The clergymen, physicians, and other leading citizens advocated the proposition, no one appearing in opposition. Young Gerry very reluctantly consented to assume the negative, and, without previous preparation, he threw himself with such spirit and ability into the discus- sion that the veterans pounced upon hiiu from all sides of the house with great vehemence. The presiding officer, a grave and venerable clergyman, tried to overawe him, but without effect. He maintained manfully his ground, and brought to bear upon the question the weapons of keen wit, strong logic, and moral, religious, and social reasons, which, by the verdict of the audience, were of conclusive force. The victory Wiis his, and established the fact that the young man had the forensic power which foreshadowed his future success as a speaker on the platform in the halls of the State Legislature :ind Congress, and as an advocate at the bar. In 1837, Mr. Gerry began to read law in the office of Hon. Stephen Emery, and in June, 1839, was admitted to the bar in Oxford County, opened an office in Waterford, and entered at once upon a large and lucrative practice. From the commencement of his practice he a.ssumed the entire control of his own causes, not only as attorney, but as advocate, and soon rose to the front rank in the county and State. In January, 1840, he was elected clerk of the House of Representatives of the State, and in 1841 he was appointed a United States commissioner in bankruptcy. In 1842 he was appointed county attorney by Governor Fairfield, and in 1843 was elected to the same office by the people. In 1845 he resigned the office of county attorney, the proper discharge of its duties seriously interfering with his prac- tice, and for the fiirther reason that he had been elected a member of the House of Representatives. This Legislature was marked for it-s ability, having among its prominent members such men as Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, Hon. Phineas Barnes, Hon. E. Wilder Farley, and Mr. Howe, now United States Senator from Wisconsin, all leaders of the Whig party. It is due to Mr. Gerry to say that he took rank at once among the prominent leaders of the forces on the other side. The session was one of peculiar interest, from the magnitude of the questions in debate. His first and ablest speech was on the admission of Texas, being an exliaustive and logical argument in favor of the measure, and winning the commendation of friends and foes alike. As chairman of the committee on the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island he reported a series of resolutions, which he sustained with great ability. He was also a member of the committee on the Oregon ques- tion. The granting of the charter of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad, pending at that session, was not only voted for by Mr. Gerry, but earnestly and effectively sus- tained by him in debate. At this session, in the absence of the Speaker, he was elected Speaker pro tern. In 1848 he was elected a member of the Thirty -first Con- gress, from the First Congressional District of Maine. It was a stormy and acrimonious session. It began with a protracted struggle over the election of Speaker, and the caucus sessions of each political party were exciting, per- sonal, and bitter. In the debates on these occasions Jlr. Gerry took conspicuous part, and thus early established a reputation for courage and ability. The question of slavery tinged every issue. The two extremes, the Abolitionists of the North and the fire-eaters of the South, joined hands in arraying the two sections against each other. To counteract the mischievous designs of these men, and with the view to prevent the bloody collision which he never doubted would otherwise ensue, Mr. Gerry, with other patriotic members, labored earnestly and faithfully, and as the result the threatened disaster was ibr the time arrested. At this session the com- promise measures introduced by Jlr. Clay were passed. Into the discussion of these and related questions, Mr. Gerry entered with great earnestness. One of his speeches, reported at length in the Congressional Globe, is a full, strong, compact presentation of his views upon the rights and powers of Congress, as well as upon their limitations. His description of the evils of slavery — its antagonism to human rights, as well as to the material interests of the nation — is given with graphic force. But" while he de- nounced the instilution, and showed that the sentiment of the framers of the republic was adverse to its continuance, he took his stand upon the constitution. Though he had no doubt of the power of Congress to interdict slavery in the Territories, he deemed such interdiction in the cases in issue unnecessary, as nature had itself erected a barrier which could not be passed. He was, therefore, in favor of leaving the question to the people of the Territories. Among the important matters of national concern before this Congress was that of the reduction of postage to the luo HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. present rate. In the liiiht of present experience, it would liiudly seem tliat tliis frreat relbrmatory measure could have created much debate. Yet it was then considered by many a very hazardous experiment, and excited much heated dis- cu.s-sion. Mr. Gerry, with strong faith in its success, — a faith which time has fully justified,— sustained the bill by a clear and concise speech, by his personal influence, and by his vote. Among the prominent men who constituted this notable Congress were Senators Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Benton, Douglas, Houston, Jeff. Davis, Cass, and Chase, and in the House, Howell Cobb, Toombs, A. H. Stephens, R. C. Winthrop, and Giddings, of Ohio. At the close of his term he declined a renomination and returned to his practice as a lawyer in Waterford. His bu.siness increased to such an extent that he removed to Portland, where he continued in the active work of his profession in Oxford, Androscoggin, and Cumberland Counties for some six years, when his health broke down and he was compelled to retire. Although thus for several years in political life, co- operating earnestly with the leading minds of the Demo- cratic party, and holding important official positions, Mr. Gerry was wise enough to subordinate politics to his pro- fession. As a public .speaker he was bold, aggressive, argu- mentative, and profoundly in earnest. Possessed of an at- tractive personal presence, tall and straight, nervous, and ever inspired with his subject, he always commanded the closest attention of his audiences. His cultivated taste for general literature, which began in early life and which he retains, has aided him in all his career and has sweetened and mellowed the weary hours of a long and painful illness. As a writer he was terse and logical. He was not only a good advocate, but was a sound lawyer, well acquainted with constitutional and the common law. He was ardently attached to his profession, and his mind had been liberal- ized by pursuits outside of the law. A question of his- tory, romance, or law were all equally interesting to him. Socially, he is genial, fond of conversation with his friends, and devotedly attached to them. He married, Nov. 22, 184',), Miss Anna St. Clair, the brilliant and accomplished daughter of Hon. Richard Jenness, of Portsmouth, N. H., by whom he has three children. — .\lice, who was married to Mr. A. M. Patterson, of Baltimore ; Elbridge, a lawyer in New York City ; and Elizabeth J. Gerry. Hon. JosiAii H. Deummond, LIj.D., was born in Wins- low, Me., Aug. 30, 1827, and graduated from Waterville College in 1846. He taught school three years, including part of the time he was in college, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1850. He was married December lOtii of the same year. He was elected to represent Waterville in the Legislature of 1857, also re-elected and chosen Speaker of the House in 1858, where he won mucii reputation for his promptness and ability as a presiding officer. He was elected to the State Senate in 1860, and, during the ses- sion, was elected attorney-general of the State, to which of- fice he was re-elected in 1861, 1862, and 1863. In 1860 he removed to Portland ; was elected to the Legislature from that city to fill a vacancy, was el<'cted Speaker, and declined a re-election. He was city solicitor of Portland for several years, and for over six years served on its school committee. For some years past he has steadily refused political offices, and devoted himself to his profession, in which he main- tains a high position as a counselor and advocate, and holds the position of attorney for important corporations. As a citizen and as a lawyer no one in the State commands more thoroughly the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. In Masonry he has attained such a world-wide reputation that he may be almost said to have won his greatest fame there. He was made a Mason in Waterville Lodge, No. 33, in 1849, and was elected its Master in 1856-57. In 1858-59 he was elected Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, and in 1860, 1861, and 1862, Grand Mas- ter. In 1865 he was appointed chairman of the committee on foreign correspondence, and has filled that position ever since, having prepared fifteen annual reports, each making nearly one hundred and fifty octavo pages of fine type, or a fairly-sized volume of itself This work has been so ably done, and is so authoritative on Masonic law, that it has been widely copied in the proceedings of other Grand Lodges, and has done much to shape Masonic legislation in this country, especially in regard to settling the question of territorial jurisdiction according to the rules which he so ably laid down in his discussion with the Grand Lodge of England in 1861. He was made a Royal Arch Mason in Jerusalem Chapter, at Hallowell, in 1858, and was its second officer in 1859. In 1862 he was High Priest of Greenleaf Chapter, in Port- land. From 1860 to 1867 he was an officer in the (Jrand Chapter of Maine, being the Grand High Priest in 1866-67. In 1871 he was elected General Grand High Priest of the United States for the term of three years. He received the Cryptic degrees in Portland Council in 1861, and in 1868 presided over the Grand Council. He was made a Knight Templar in Maine Commandery, at Gardiner, in 1860, and elected Captain-General the same year. In 1862 he joined Portland Commandery, and was at once elected Generalissimo. In 1866 he helped form St. Alban Commandery, and was its first Commander, being re- elected in 1867. In the Grand Commandery of Maine he has held many offices, commencing as early as 1864, was Grand Commander for the year 1878, and still holds that office. In the Grand Chapter, he has been chairman of the committee on foreign correspondence about as long as in the Grand Lodge, and has also filled the same position in the Grand Council and Grand Commandery for manyyeai-s, so that his Masonic writings fill thousands of printed pages. He received the degrees of the Ancient Accepted Scot- tish Rite in 1861-62, and was honored with the thirty- third degree in the latter year. He was at once elected Lieutenant Gratid Commander, which place he held until he was made Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, in 1867. This office, the highest in the gift of the fraternity, he has held since that time, and is considered to have discharged its duties with singular ability, as, indeed, he has the duties of every office which he has ever held. The important po.sitions which he has tilled for many years have made him widely known, and his acquaintance eagerly sought by his brethren, not only in all parts of /ff0mn n His great-grandfather, Ebenezer Virgin, came from Eng- land to Salisbury, Mass., in the year 1722, and was admitted a proprietor of Pennacook (Concord, N. H.), by payment of twenty shillings, by vote of the committee of the General Court, February, 1725. He was one of the first settlers of Concord. His second son, Ebenezer Virgin, wa.s grand- father, whose ninth and youngest child was Peter C. Virgin, father of William Wirt Virgin. Peter C. Virgin was born in Concord, July 25, 1783. He removed to Rumford, Me., in 1806, where he married Sally, daughter of Francis Keyes, one of the first settlors of Rumford. He was a student at Harvard College for two years in early life, was a practicing lawyer in Rumford for sixty years, county attorney, and member of the General Court for several years, and he was prominently identified with and a staunch supporter of the old Federalist party. He died in 1872. William Wirt Virgin was born in Rumford, Sept. 18, 1823. He received his preliminary education in the academies at Norlh Bridgton and Bethel, Me., and grad- uated at Bowdoin College with the usual honors in 1844. He studied law with his father, was admitted to the bar in 1847, and removed to Norway, IMe., where he practiced law until 1871. While a resident of Norway, Oxford Co., he was county attorney for three years, and a member of the State Senate in 1865-66. During the latter year he served as pres- ident of the Senate, and the same year resigned this position, and was appointed reporter of decisions, which office lie held until December, 1872, when he was appointed a justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. As reporter of decision.s of the court of which afterwards he became an associate justice, by his lucid statement of the case, and his concise and clear exposition in the mar- ginal notes of the precise points decided, he proved him- self a worthy successor of the many able Maine re- porters, of whom the distinguished Simeon Greenleaf was the earliest. As a judge his deportment was dignified and courteous, and his rulings prompt and accurate. To a nice sense of right he added clear and (juick apprehension of legal prin- ciples, and extensive acquaintance with reported cases. His written opinions, found in the " Maine Reports," exhibit his mental characteristics and force. In style and substance they are productions on which he may well be content to rest his judicial reputation. It is to be regretted that, by the legislation reducing the number of justices of the Su- preme Judicial Court, the public are to lose the services of one whose continued judicial career could not fail to be so useful and honorable to the State. Judge Virgin has ever been interested in all questions afiecting local and national legislation, and during the late Rebellion he took an active part in support of the Union cause. In 1862 he raised the 23d Regiment of Maine Infantry, — five companies from each of Oxford and Androscoggin Counties, — of which he was elected colonel. Tills regiment was employed about the de- fenses of Washington and vicinity during their time of service, — nine months, — and although tliey were never in any engagement on the battle-field, yet it is said tiiat the discipline of this regiment, and their st^mdard of morality, were not exceeded by any regiments of the army. Oi^.^ CUMBERLAND BENCH AND BAR. 101 America, but in Europe; although, perhaps, the highest commendation that can be given him is to say that he is best beloved at home, where he is best known. To him Maine is indebted very largely for the high stand she takes in the Masonic world, and it is safe to say tliat after Thomas Smith Webb, who gave form to Masonry in this country, no man has done more for it than Mr. Drummond. As an orator, his fine voice and commanding form make him very attract- ive ; as a writer, his clear and sharply-cut way of stating facts make him most convincing ; as a working ofiicer, he has been always much admired. It is a significant fact, that when a Masonic address is wanted in Maine, the first choice almost invariably falls upon him, and the constant demands of an arduous profession hardly serve to protect him from continual service in this direction. When Mr. Drummond commenced his Masonic career there were only about sixty thousand Masons in this country ; now there are about six hundred thousand, most of whom are familiar with his name. With such an immense audience, his writ- ings cannot but be a power in Masonry. In the midst of his other multifarious duties he has found time to write a monitor and digest of Masonic law, which has been adopted as the standard in this State, and it is understood that he is turning his attention to important historical work in con- nection with the order. For this labor he is admirably qualified, and we may anticipate from him in future even more brilliant work than that done in the past. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Colby University in 1871. Moses Morrill Butler was born in Sanford, Mo., March 8, 1824, and died in Portland, Me., Oct. 21, 1879. He was the son of Ichabod Butler, a practicing lawyer in that town, and Mary Wise, daughter of Capt. Daniel Wise, of Kennebunk. His fiither, by his mother's side, was con- nected with the Wentworth family of New Hampshire, and he was born and brought up in South Berwick. The hill back of the village in that towu is called Butler Hill to the present day, having been a part of the family estate. Mr. Butler was fitted for college in the schools of Alfred, Gorham, and North Yarmouth, and entered Bowdoin Col- lege in 1841, where he graduated at the head of his class in 1845. Immediately after graduation he was en- gaged for a time in teaching a high school in Springvale, at the same time pursuing bis studies to fit him for the pro- fession of the law. He afterwards studied with Hon. E. E. Bourne, of Kennebunk, and completed his legal course with Hon. Samuel Wells, of Portland, subsequently one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Maine. He was ad- mitted to the Cumberland bar in 1847. He took the office vacated by Mr. Wells, and shortly afterwards the business of Hon. Augustine Haines, district attorney of the United States, on the latter's retirement from the legal profession. Subsequently Mr. Butler formed a law partnership with Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, United States Senator from Maine, which was continued with the senator's sons, ex- Mayor Francis Fessenden and James D. Fessenden, register of the court in bankruptcy. In December, 1873, he formed a partnership with his nephew, Charles F. Libby, Esq., late prosecuting attorney for Cumberland County, which was continued up to the time of his decease. Mr. Butler was county attorney from 1859 to 1865, Rep- resentative to the Legislature in 1859, and was Representa- tive elect at the time of his decease. He was mayor of Portland in 1877 and 1878, and was a member of the com- mission appointed to report on the condition of the Port- land and Ogden.sburg and Portland and Rochester Rail- roads, and what disposition had better be made of them. He had been a director in the Cumberland Bank, and was a director of the Portland Fraternity. He was a member of the First Parish (Unitarian) society, and officiated as moderator at the parish meetings. He married, in 1850, Olive M., only daughter of John Storer, of Sanford, Me. Of this union were born three children, — two sons and a daughter, — the oldest of whom, John Storer Butler, died in infancy. His widow and two children, Harry and Grace Butler, survive him. From the beginning Mr. Butler was an able and success- ful lawyer. In investigation he was laborious, discrimi- nating, and thorough, and in the conduct of business prompt and sagacious. He always presented the strongest point of his case and maintained it with his whole strength. At a younger age than most of the eminent lawyers he managed an extensive practice in all branches of the pro- fession. An untiring student, a convincing advocate, care- fully preparing his cases, with great powers of cross-exami- nation and excellent judgment, he soon attained the foremost rank. At middle age he was prostrated by fever, caused by excessive labor. Upon his return to his profession his accurate learning, his great experience at the bar, his judi- cial temperament, and his habits of profound investigation, united to a firm yet amiable temper and pure life, qualified him for the highest judicial positions, and he was spoken of for such service. He would have adorned the bench. At this period of his life the affairs of the city of Port- land and its relations with its public enterprises required examination and advice. The city appointed Mr. Butler the chairman of a commission for this purpose. To this work he brought those great qualities which had distin- guished him at the bar, laboring for his adopted city with characteristic earnestness, and declining remuneration. In a report remarkable for its clear exposition of long and in- tricate relations between the city and its railroads, its correct estimate of the situation of afl"airs, the wisdom of its sug- gestions, and the vigor and propriety of its style, he placed the whole subject before his fellow-citizens. This invaluable service made him so preeminently suitable that, although disinclined to public office, he was twice compelled to accept the mayoralty of the city. His administration of city af- fairs could not be surpa.ssed. He managed its interests with an information which no other man possessed, and with re- sults which no other man has accomplished. His tried abilities and knowledge of afi'airs were too valuable to his fellow-citizens to be suffered out of their service, and he was now elected to the Legislature at a time of special impor- tance to the city. Before the assembling of the Legislature, while in court conducting a trial, he was struck down by paralysis, which in a few days proved fatal. The universal sorrow of all parties at his death was the noblest tribute to his memory. His fellow-citizens lost his services at the fullness of his powers, when he was most able to serve them. 102 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. and witli liis place in their regard constantly increasing. His official papers sliow his capacity for public affairs, and his tribute to his college president, Leonard Woods, deliv- ered in Portland in 1878, at the annual meeting of the association of the resident alumni of Bowdoin College, ex- hibits his power of refined and tender eloquence. A self- sacrificing, public-spirited citizen, a useful member of his church, a distinguished lawyer, a kind husband, a wise and gentle father, and a good man, he evaded no duties and acted his part well. The following resolutions on the death of Mr. Butler were adopted by the City Council of Portland, Nov. 3, 1879 : " Tn testimony of sorrow, and as a tribute to the memory of the late Moi, 1877, which office lie now holds. He married, March 25, 1866, Antoinette Ellis, daughter of liUther and Caroline E. D. Ayer, of Newfield. They have four sons, — Charles Henry, Nathan Simpson, Franklin Mason, and Edward Clinton. J!//^^, /9^^<^^^. Henry B. Cleaves, son of Thomas and Sophia (Bradstreet) Cleaves, was born in tlie town of Briilg- ton, Cumberland Co., Feb. 6, 1840. He received his early education in the common school at home, and subsequently attended North Bridgton and Lewiston Falls Academies. He enlisted as a private in the 23d Maine Regi- ment (Col. William Wirt Virgin) in September, 1862; served until the final discharge of the regi- ment, at the expiration of its term of service, July 15, 1863. He immediately enlisted with Gen. Francis Fes- senden, who was then recruiting the 30th Regiment Maine Veteran Volunteers ; was commissioned first lieutenant, Company F, Dec. 29, 1863, and ordered to the Department of the Gulf. He par- ticipated in the various campaigns on the Red River, in the battles of Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River (where Gen. Fessenden lost his leg), and other engagements of the Army of the Gulf. In August, 1864, he joined the Army of the Potomac, served throughout the brilliant campaign of Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, and continued with the army in active service until the surrender of Lee. He was then transferred to the Department of the Gulf and stationed at Savan- nah, Ga., and subsequently, Aug. 20, 1865, honor- ably discharged from service. "He was a brave, devoted, and capable soldier." Returning to his native State he began the study of law with Howard & Cleaves, and w;is admitted to the bar Sept. 16, 1868. He soon formed a law partnership with Hon. Washington Gilbert, of Bath, Me., but after one year, in 1869, came to Portland and became a partner with Judge Howard and Hon. Nathan Cleaves, which relation continued, under the old firm-name of " Howard & Cleaves," until the decease of the senior member of the firm, Judge Howard, in 1877. He has since been the law partner of Judge Cleaves. In 1875 he was elected representative from Portland to the State Legisla- ture, and re-elected in 1876, serving as chairman of the committee on the judiciary. He was city solicitor of Portland from 1877 to March, 1879. hoto. by Lamsou, Pijrtland. Wii, 1,1AM Henry Clifford, tliinl son vl' Mr. Ju.stice Clittbrd, of the United States Supreme Court, was born in tiie town of Newfield, York Co., Me., Aug. 11, 1840. His next elder brotiier, Nathan James, deceased in 1868, aged forty-tiiree, graduated at Dart- moutli College, studied law, and was admitted to (he bar of Massachusetts and Maine. He was aj>- l)ointed and for several years held the office of clerk of the United States Circuit Court for the district of Massachusetts, which jwsition he filled at tlie time of his death. William Henry spent his boyhood in the com- mon school in his native town. Accompanied his father, mother, and youngest brother, George Frank- lin, to Mexico, to which country Justice Clitlbrd was first sent as commissioner, and afterwards as minister plenipotentiary, where he obtained a famil- iarity with the Spanish and French languages, in the former of which he is a fluent speaker and ready writer. On returning, tlie family settled in Portland. Mr. Clifford prepared for college at Nortii Yarmouth .\cademy, under Prof. Woods. Hntcred Dartmouth College in 1854, from which he graduated in 1858. He began the study of law witii the late Judge George F. Shepley, of Port- land ; completed in's legal studies with Mon. Benja- min U. Curtis, of Boston, Mass., and was admitted to practice in the State and United States Courts, in Boston, in 1861. He immediately opened an office in Portland, Me., where he followed his profession alone until 1873, when he associated with him his brother, CUiarles E. (Clifford & Clifilbrd). Soon after his admission to the bar he was ap- pointed commissioner of the Circuit Court of Maine, the duties of which office he very actively and suc- cessfully performed for some nine years. Mr. Clifford has an extensive practice in the Federal courts, and is largely engaged in j)atent law practice, besides the common law business con- ducted by the firm. In 1872 he was unanimously nominated on the first ballot as Democratic candi- date for member of Congress, but a large Kepub- lican majority barred his election. He was renominated in 1874, but declined the iionor on account of his increasing professional duties. He has edited and published four volumes of Justice Clifford's Reports, which comprise liis judgments down to 1.S7(). ^Ir. Clitlbrd married, in August, 1866, Ellen Greeley, daughter of Hon. Jolin B. Brown, of Port- laud. Tlieir children are Nathan James, ^[atilda Greeley, 'lohn Brown, A\^illiam Henry, Jr., and pjllen Ayer. CUMBERLAND BENCH AND BAR. 103 On Jan. 1, 1855, he married Britannia C, daughter of Jefferson Coolidge, a wholesale merchant of Portland. They have three children, — Thirza W., Eliza C, and Alfred C. Augustine Haines was born in Portsmouth. N. H., March 17, 1810, whore he resided until the death of his father, which occurred wlien Mr. Haines was fourteen years of age. His father was a prominent lawyer in Portsmouth ; went to Alabama, where he practiced law for several years ; but failing health compelled his return, and he died on his way home. His mother lived to be nearly ninety years of age, and died June 2, 1878. His uncle, Charles 6. Haines, was an eminent lawyer of New York, and at one time the law partner of Governor Clinton. Soon after the death of his father. Augustine entered the Saco Academy, where he remained about one year, and be- gan the study of law with ex-Governor Fairfield, of Saco. He was admitted to the bar of the Court of Common Pleas, in York County, at the January term, 1881, two mouths before completing his twenty-first year, and com- menced practice as attorney in Common Pleas, at Poland, in Cumberland County, before Chief Justice Whitman. He was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Judici.al Court, Chief Justice Mellen, in 1832 ; as counselor in said court in 1834. He was appointed attorney for Cumber- land County in January, 1834, when he moved from Po- land to Portland, and held the oflBce by executive appoint- ment and election by the people, excepting parts of two years, until President Polk's administration, when he was appointed United States District Attorney, which oflSce he held from 1845 to 1848, and accepted the agency of the Laconia Mills, at Biddeford, which position he held until the spring of 1872, when his health failed him, and he re- turned to Portland, where he remained until his death, Harvard, 1KG4. Brown Univer- July 27, 1873. Mr. Haines was a sound lawyer, a safe counselor, a strong advocate at the bar, and possessed those elements of character that eminently fitted him for positions of trust and usefulness. He married Frances, daughter of Captain John and Olive (^Lassellj Patten. His children are Charles G., of Portland ; Eliza F., and Geor-'e A. Haines, a Boston cotton-broker. The following members of the Cumberland bar have received the honorary degree of LL.D. : Isaac Parker, Harvard, 1814. Prentiss Mellen, Harvard, 1820 ; Bowdoin, 1820. Stephen Longfellow, Bowdoin, 1828. William Pitt Preble, Bowdoin, 1829. Ashur Ware, Bowdoin, 1837. Simon Greenleaf, Harvard, 1834 ; Amherst, 1845. Ezekiel Whitman, Brown, 1843 ; Bowdoin, 1843. Ether Shepley, Dartmouth. Charles S. Daveis, Bowdoin, 1844. George Evans, Bowdoin, 1847. Wm. Pitt Fe,ssenden, Bowdoin, 1858 ; Nathan Clifford, Bowdoin, Dartmouth, sity. Harvard College. William Willis, Bowdoin, I8t)7. George F. Shopley, Dartmouth, 1878. There are one hundred and sixty-one attorneys and eoun- selors-at-law now in Cumberland County, one hundred and twenty-seven of whom are in active practice. Their names and tho.se of the towns in which they reside are as follows ; Portland. — Nathan Clifford, ex-United States Attorney- General, ex-JMinister to Mexico, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; Edward Fox, Judge of the United States District Court ; William Wirt Virgin, Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine ; Charles W. Goddard, ex-Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court and Postmaster of Portland ; Joseph W. Synionds, Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court ; George P. Talbot, ex-United States District Attorney ; Nathan Webb, lat€ an incum- bent of the same office ; Wilbur F. Lunt, United States District Attorney ; Percival Bonney, Judge of the Superior Court; William Pitt Preble, Clerk of the District Court of the United States; Josiah H. Drummond, ex-Attorney- General of Maine ; Thomas B. Reed, ex- Attorney-General and Member of Congress; L. D. M. Sweat, ex-Meinber of Congress ; James D. Fessenden, Register in Bankruptcy; William H. Clifford, ex- United States Commissioner; Edward M. Rand, United States Commissioner ; Thomas H. Haskell, County Attorney ; Enoch Knight, Judge of the Municipal Court ; Llewellyn Kidder, Recorder of the Municipal Court ; Reuel Small, Reporter of the Superior Court; Sewall C. Strout, William L. Putnam, Bion Brad- bury, John Rand, Nathan Cleaves, Judges of Probate ; William W. Thomas, Jr., Charles P. Mattocks, Almon A. Strout, George F. Holmes, George E. B. Jackson, David H. Drummond, D. W. Fessenden, John H. Fogg, William H. Fessenden, Alvan A. Dennett, Edward H. Daveis, Nathaniel Deering, Isaac L. Elder, Francis Fessenden, Frederic Fox, Fred N. Dow, Joseph A. Locke, Charles B. Merrill, Charles E. Clifford, Henry B. Cleaves, Josiah Chase, Jr., Samuel L. Carlcton, John C. Cobb, Nathan Cummings, 104 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. S. II. McAIpino, S. B. Beckett, Aldeti J. Blenthen, A. W. Bradbury, Mu.se.-- M. Butler, Sullivan C. Andrews, Samuel J. Aiidersdu, Elbrid^e Gerry, Haiino W. Gage, Frederick C. Na.sli, James O'DonncU, Melviu P. Frank, Melville A. Floyd, Elbridge Gerry, Jr.,(Jeorge F. Gould, Darius H. Ingrahani, Aaron B. Ilolden, George Jewett, Elliot King, Clarence Hale, Henry C. Ilixon, Osgood Bradbury, William P. An- thoine, John M. Adams, William II. Anderson, Charles E. Barrett, Aaron W. Coombs, Edward B Cram, Liberty B. Dennett, Henry Deering, James T. McCobb, Dennis A. Meaher, J. Pierrepont Noal, Oscar M. Metcalf, Augustus F. Moulton, George W. Vcrrill, Henry G. Thomas, L. Clifibrd Wade, William H. Motley, Hiram Knowlton, Charles F. Libley, Philip J. Larrabee, William J. Knowl- ton, John W. Munger, John Mussey, Benjamin Kingsbury, Henry C. Peabody, Edward P. Sherwood, Henry W. Swasey, Daniel W. Seribnei-, Herbert M. Sylvester, William M. Payson, William M. Sargent, Tobias T. Snow, Edward H. Thomas, George A. Thomas, Edward P. Payson, Byron D. Vcrrill, Jabez C. Woodman, Frank S. Waterhouse, Lindley M. Webb, George Walker, Frank W. Robinson, George D. Rand, Emery S. Ridlon, Fabius M. Ray, Stanley T. PuUcn, Lewis Pierce, John J. Perry, George R. Swasey, Henry St. John Smith, George M. Seiders, Thomas L. Talbot, Franklin C. Payson, William A. Golden, Seth L. Larrabee, Joseph A. Lamson, Willis H. Leavitt, William G. Fassett, Hannibal H. Emery, Blia.s Dudley Freeman, Wil- liam M. Bradley, George E. Bird. Bridyton. — -Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Fred S. Strout, Samuel C. Smith, Benjamin T. Chase. Brtiiiswkk. — William G. Barrows, Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court ; Henry Orr, Thomas M. Giveen, Weston Thompson. Freeport. — Samuel Clark, R. Belcher, E. W. Mitchell, Harrison G. Sleeper. Gray. — Warren H. Vinton, John D. Anderson. Gorham. — John A. Waterman, ex-Judge of Probate ; George B. Emery. Harrison. — Caleb A. Chaplin, Obediah G. Cook. Deering. — Edward Payson, Jason M. Carleton, William E. Morris. Naples. — David H. Cole. Sebago. — Edwin L. Poor. Standish. — Horatio J. Swasey. Wmdham.— David P. B. Pride. Yarmoath. — Daniel L. Mitchell, Barnabas Freeman. CHAPTER XVIIL THE CUMBEBLAIVD COUITTY PRESS.* First Newspaper in ,M:um'— I'ortlan.l Aiivci-lisor -First Scmi-«cekly —First Daily— Ka.stern Argus— Portlaud Pics.s— PortlanJ Tnins- cript — Loader — Sunday Times — Sun. The first newspaper published in Maine was the Fal- mouth Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, by Thomas Wait * The principal facts for this chapter are taken from the " Press of Maine," edited by Joseph Oriffin, Esq. and Benjamin Titcomb, in 1785. Mr. Wait had been pre- viously connected with the Boston Chronicle, and had come to Falmouth and established a small stationer's store. Mr. Titcomb was a native of the place, having been born here July 20, 17(51, and educated at Dumnior Academy, in Newbury. lie had also served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade in Ncwburyport, Ma.ss. These two gen- tlemen formed a partnership, and on the 1st day of Jan- uary, 1785, issued the first number of the paper, which, under various names, has continued to exist till the present day. We .shall head it with the name it now bears, and under that heading proceed to note the various changes through which it has passed. PORTLAND ADVERTISER. In 1786 the name of the Ftdniouth Gazette and Weekly Advertiser was changed to the Ouniberland Gazette. Mr. Wait continued to conduct it eleven years. Mr. Titcomb retired from it earlier, and established a rival sheet called the Gazette of Maine. In 1792 the Cumberland Gazette was enlarged, and to avoid confusion with the other Gazette was called the Eastern Herald. The politics of Portland at this time were exclusively Federalist. The whole of Maine constituted but one con- gressional district. Yet, in the absence of those party strifes which were often so bitter at a later day, personal feelings were frequently excited to a high pitch, and elections were as warmly contested as they ever have been since that period. Judge Thacher, of Biddeford, a personal friend of Mr. Wait's, had represented the district in Con- gress, and was a regular contributor to the paper. As a writer his wit and sarcasm were of the most exasperating quality, and he had rendered himself very unpopular in Portland. He was a candidate for re-election, and, not- withstanding the feeling which existed, Wait resolved to stand by his friend. The Gazette of Maine represented the opposition. During the canvass Wait was assaulted ; Daniel George, the sohoolma.ster, and Daniel Davis, after- wards United States District Attorney, were threatened with personal violence ; and Samuel C. Johonot, an accom- plished lawyer, was actually driven out of town. The vote of Portland stood, for Nathaniel Wells, of Wells, sixty-five; for Josiah Thatcher, of Gorham, twenty-three ; for Judge Thatcher, of Biddeford, twenty-one ; and for William Lith- gow, of Georgetown, one. Judge Thacher was re-elected on the fourth trial by a majority of sixty votes in the whole district. Mr. Wait is described by Willis as " a man of ardent temperament, strong mind, great firmness and decision of character, earnest and persevering in whatever he under- took, and honest in his purpose." He lived on the corner of Congress and Elm Streets, where Deering Block now stands. His paper was published "opposite the hay- market," now Market Square. The difficulties under which ho labored may be appreciated when we remember the fact, recorded by Parson Smith, that in the spring of 1785 the Boston mail was delayed five weeks by bad roads. The first attempt to carry passengei-s East was made in 1793 by Caleb Graffam, who was employed by Wait to carry the THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS. 105 newspapers once a week in summer, and once a fortnight in winter, to Hallowell and intermediate towns.* In 1792 Mr. Titcomb abandoned the printing business, and began to preach for a small Baptist society then recently gathered in Portland, the first meetings of which were held in his own hou.se. In 1804 he became pastor of the Baptist Church in Brunswick, where he labored faithfully and successfully for a period of forty years. He died Sept. 30, 1848, at the age of eighty-three. Mr. Wait retired from the Eastern Herald in 1796, John K. Baker, one. of his apprentices, having iu that year bought and consolidated the paper with the Gazette of Maine. John Rand, another of his apprentices, issued the Oriental Trumpet the same year, and in 1798, E. A. Jenks, .still another apprentice, after the Trumpet had fallen dumb, issued the first number of the Portland Gazette. In this latter paper Daniel George became interested, who in 1800 became sole owner of the Herald. This Daniel George was a character. He was a man of genius, but so exceedingly deformed that he had to be moved from place to place in a small carriage drawn by a servant. He came to Portland in 1784 or 178.5 from Newburyport, where he had published almanacs, as he afterwards did here. He was a printer, but kept a school iu Portland, and had also a small bookstore in Fish Street, now Exchange. In 1803 the Democrats (then called Republicans) had gained sufficient strength to start a newspaper, and the Eastern Argus was established by Calvin Day and Na- thaniel Willis, father of N. P. Willis. By a singular fatality it happened that in the following year the pub- lishers of both the Federalist papers were taken away. George died, and soon after Jenks was drowned on Sunday near Richmond Island, on his passage from Boston. Both establishments, it appears, were then united under the management of Isaac Adams, a man of fine abilities, who had graduated at Dartmouth College in 1796, and came to Portland to teach school in 1797. In 1802 he opened a book- store in Jones' Row, and in 1805 purcha.sed the Gazette. Mr. Adams was for many years a leading citizen, and repre- sented Portland ten years in the Legislature of Massachu- setts and seven years in that of Maine, after the separation. In 1808, Mr. Adams admitted as partner Arthur Shirley, who had been an apprentice, and who now took charge of the printing-office. Mr. Shirley's connection with the paper lasted till 1822, and it wps wholly iu his hands after 1811, except that a part of the time his brother, J. Shirley, was associated with him. It was during the administration of Messrs. Adams and Shirley that the old Gazette was illu- minated by the brilliant essays of a cluster of young men, whose articles, over the signatures of Pilgrim, Prowler, Night Hawk, and Torpedo, kept the town in good humor. * Thomas B. Wait was born in that part of Lynn, Mass., called f'augus, in 1762. He served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade in Boston. He came to Portland before 1785, and established a book- .storc, which was destroyed with all its contents in the fire of 1806. While in Portland he republished the Commentaries of Blackstonc ci>mpletc, importing a company of journeymen ])rinters from Phila- delphia, of whom Robert Lilly was the foreinan. On leaving Port- land he removed to Boston, where he published the .\uicrican Stale Papers. 14 William B. Sewall, coming here to read law, found his college classmates, Savage and Payson (then preceptor of the new academy, and afterwards tlie distinguished preacher), already engaged upon their weekly essays of wit and merri- ment. Two sons of Samuel Freeman— Samuel Deane and William — were Harvard contemporaries of Sewall, Savage, and Payson, and were also contributors to the Gazette. A little later came the contributions of the Torpedo Club, of which Charles S. Daveis, Nathaniel Deering, N. Carter, and N. Wright were the brightest ornaments. In 1813, William Willis, the historian, came to Portland and entered upon the study of the law. After completing his studies in Boston, and being admitted to the Suffolk bar, he returned to Portland in 1819, to take charge of Judge Mellen's office, and in the same year was engaged by Mr. Shirley to furnish editorial articles for the Gazette. Mr. Willis' connection with the Gazette remained unbroken till, in 1822, Mr. Shirley having undertaken the publica- tion of the Christian Mirror, edited by Asa Rand, disposed of the Gazette, which, within the next three or four years, changed hands seveial times, coming back at last upon Mr. Shirley, who, in 1826, sold the paper to Jacob Hill and John Edwards. During the interval before this sale the paper had been edited by J. D. Hopkins, but mainly by the modest and learned William B. Sewall, who found these labors more to his mind than the wranglings of the bar. Under his management a semi-weekly edition was begun, with which was revived the old title, Portland Advertiser, while the weekly edition was still called The Gazette of Maine. Mr. Hill (who was a lawyer) edited the paper him.sclf so long as he retained an interest in it. But on the 1st of January, 1829, he sold to John and William Edwards. The new firm casting about for an editor, hit upon Green- ville Mellen, the poet, but, after a brief trial, found him unfitted for the place. On the recommendation of John Neal, who had returned from Europe about two years be- fore, and was a constant contributor, they next engaged James Brooks, a young man, who had graduated at Water- ville a few years before, and was engaged in Portland as teacher. This engagement proved very successful, as Mr. Brooks was not only an able and lively writer, but an origin- ating genius of new methods of journalism. He conceived the idea of the " Washington Correspondent," then entirely novel, and persuading the publishers to bear his expenses at the capital during the session of Congi-ess, wrote thence his spicy letters, which gave piquancy and zest to the columns of the Advertiser. The success of this enterprise led Mr. Brooks to propose to go to Europe as the "special corre- spondent" of the Advertiser, which was sanctioned by the publishers, and in 1835 he made the grand tour in that capacity. But, greatly to the dissatisfaction of his indig- nant employers, he never returned to Portland. Landing in New York, he issued the prospectus of The Express; writing to Portland, however, that he still intended to maintain his connection with the Advertiser, and, as soon as he could get the new enterprise under way, should leave its management in the hands of his brother, Erastus. Perhaps that was his purpose. At all events, his return to Portland remained an open cjuestion for about five years, or 106 HISTORY OF CUMBEELAND COUNTY, MAINE. until 1841, after he had tested his chances for an election to Coii.uress from this district, and had failed. In Novem- ber of that year the publishers of the Advertiser installed Phinehas IJarnes as editor. Mr. Barnes graduated at Bowdoin College in 1829, had studied law, and for five years before accepting the editorship had been Professor of Greek and Latin at Waterville. " He brought to his new task a breadth and thoroughness of culture which lent new dignity to the paper." He continued to edit it till 1847, when ho was succeeded by Henry Carter. In 1837, John Edwards sold half the paper to Joseph M. Gerrish, who sold, in turn, to Reuben Ordway, — who sold to Henry Carter and A. F. Gerrish in 1850. On the 1st of August, 1853, William E. Edwards, after thirty years in the Advertiser oflSce, sold out to John M. Wood. Under the management of Mr. Wood the paper seemed to have declined, on account of mucli of his attention being given to other matters. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad had just been completed; Commercial Street had been opened the year before. In these great enterprises Mr. Wood had been conspicuous. He was planning a mag- nificent residence and a grand hotel. His method of con- ducting the paper was so expensive, that, although the subscribers had increased, the cost of publishing it exceeded the profits. His partners, one after another, sold their .shares, and in 1856 he became the sole owner. Mr. Carter remained a year longer as editor, and was followed by James G. Blaine (now United States Senator from Maine) in 1858. In 1859 the paper once more changed hands, passing under the control of Messrs. Waldron, Little & Co., who retained it till Jan. 1, 18(51, when it was sold to F. 0. J. Smith. The editors, while the paper was published by Waldron, Little & Co., were James G. Blaine and C. C. Woodman. After the transfer to Mr. Smith, Eliphalet Case was the principal editor, until his death in the winter of 1862-G3. In Mr. Smith's hands the Advertiser sacrificed its position as a Republican paper, thereby leaving a field which was promptly occupied by the PortUtnd Press, the present Re- publican morning paper, though the Advertiser did not succeed in supplanting the Argus as a Democratic organ. There being no room for three morning papers in Portland, the daily issue was suspended after the great fire of 1866. The weekly publication, however, was continued in an un- broken series, and in 1868 the subscription list, printing materials, and sole right to revive the daily edition were pur- chased by the publishers of the Evening Star, a new name for the Courier, and the Daiiy Advertiser reappeared as an evening paper, under the management of its present editor and publisher, H. W. Richardson. Mr. Richardson is an able and vigorous writer and a practical priuter, having learned the trade in the oflSce of the WaterxnUe Mail before entering college. He graduated at Waterville in 1853, became tutor in 1855, and was after- wards assistant, then chief, editor of the Portland Press. Besides his editorial labors, he has produced a timely work (spoken of elsewliere) on the financial question of the day, wiiich has been lately published by the Appletons, of New York. In its present field the Advertiser expresses Republican opinions, but not as a party organ, — aiming primarily at a faithful publication of the news without reference to its political bearing, and di.scu.ssing the events of the day with reference to principles rather than immediate results. Among the graduates of the Advertiser office are some of the leading journalists of the country. James and Erastus Brooks have already been named. Others are Charles G. Came, the loading writer on the Boston Journal; Edwin F. Waters, one of the publishers of the Boston Advertiser; Edward Haskell, managing editor of the Boston Herald; S. R. Niles, the well-known advertising agent ; Charles G. Gammon, commercial editor of the New York Journal of Commerce ; Zenas T. Haines, of the Neio Orleans Press; and Royal W. Lincoln, of the Portland 2'rcss. FIRST SEMI-WEEKLY. The first semi-weekly paper in Maine, and probably the first east of Boston, was an edition of the consolidated East- ern Herald and Gazette of Maine, i.ssued in 1796, by John K. Baker, a former apprentice of Mr. Wait's. Mr. Baker seems to have manifested a good deal of newspaper enter- prise. He had obtained the papers of both the other pub- lishers, and, occupying the field alone, propo.sed to furnish the news more rapidly than by weekly installments. This might have been practicable but for the impossibility of getting his papers distributed to subscribers in the country by mails which only went once a week, and tlien chiefly on horseback. This Mr. Baker soon discovered to be the great difficulty in the way of sustaining a semi- weekly, and his paper went under. He, however, continued the weekly issue till 1800, and was succeeded by Daniel George, who continued it till 1804. Mr. Baker went to the State of New York, and from thence to Vermont, where at one time he kept a tavern. It does not appear that he ever after followed his occupation, although he was consid- ered a very excellent printer. FIRST DAILY TAPER. The Portland Courier, issued in 1829, was the fir.st daily newspaper in the State of Maine. It Wiis inaugurated by Seba Smith, the original " Jack Downing." Mr. Smith, a gentleman of fine literary taste, had previously been editor of the Eastern Argits. He was the husband of Mrs. Eliz- abeth Oakes Smith, whose superior abilities as a writer are known throughout the country. Mr. Smith graduated at Bowdoin College in 1818, and wiis a man much admired for his genius and loved for his sweetness and simplicity of character. Among the several books which ho published the most noted was his " Jack Downing Letters," which have given him national fame. He also wrote charming verses, and fills a high niche as a poet. Mr. Smith died a few years since in Brooklyn, N. Y. The last proprietor of the Courier was Elbridgc G. Waterhouse. It ceased to exist many years ago. A file of it is preserved in the library of the Portland Institute. THE EASTERN ARGUS. In September, 1803, the Eastern Argus was established to support the administration of Thomas Jeflferson, by Cal- J THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS. 107 viu Day iiiid Nathauiel Willis. Uii tlie 8th of Nuveuiber, 1804, Mr. Day retired, and Mr. Willis continued sole pro- prietor of the paper. Mr. Willi.s was father of N. P. Willis, the poet, and of Mrs. Parton (" Fanny Fern"). He sufl'ered persecution from his political opponents, and soon went to jail for the freedom with which he uttered his sentiments. But Mr. Willi.s, like all martyrs to the cause of liberty, turned his persecution to good account. Week afler week the Art/us would appear witli its flaming leader, headed " fifth, sixth, or seventh week (as it might be) of the imprisonment of the editor for daring to avow senti- ments of political freedom." He lost nothing by being imprisoned, but was in fact largely the gainer in the end, for the people, out of tjiat love of fair play inherent in the human breast, rallied to his support, and his paper increased in circulation and influence. It is said that in tliose days of political bitterness the printers and compositors, who were required to work at night on the paper, used to go armed to protect themselves from assaults of their adversaries, who were supposed to be lying in wait for them. In 1808, Francis Douglas purchased the establishment. Mr. Willis retired and removed to Boston, where he estab- lished the Boston Recorder, said to have been tlie first ex- clusively religious journal in the United States, merged a few years since with the Congregationulist. He also estab- lished the Youtlis Companion, which is still published. In 1820, Mr. Douglas having been killed by the acci- dental discharge of his gun on bis return from a shooting excursion, Messrs. Todd & Co. became proprietors, and in 1821 the senior partner purchased the whole interest. In 1822, Seba Smith, who afterwards obtained wide celebrity by his '' Major Jack Downing Letters" and other writings, became a partner and continued four years, retiring in 1826. During his partnership, in 1824, the Argus was issued semi-weekly. In 1831, Charles Holden became a proprietor, but retired four months later. In 1832, Mr. Todd established the tri- weekly, and in 1834 sold the establishment to Charles Holden, who soon associated with himself Ira Berry, and the following year established a daily edition, continuing also the tri-weekly and weekly, all of which have been published ever since. In 1836, N. W. Green became a partner, and the year following Ira Berry retired. In 1838, Mr. Green retired and John Appleton became a partner. In 1842, Mr. Ap- pleton retired and Eliphalet Case became a part proprietor. In 1845, Mr. Case sold his interest to 0. L. Sanborn, of the firm of Sanborn & Brother, booksellers, and retired from the editorial charge of the paper. He was afterwards editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer and of the Portland Advertiser. Holden & Sanborn continued proprietors, with Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr. (since mayor of Portland), as editor, until 1855, when the establishment was purchased by John Appleton, afterwards United States Minister to Russia, John M. Adams, George F. Emery, since connected with the Boston Post, N. L. Woodbury, then postmaster of Portland, Charles Q. Clapp, A. W. N. Clapp, ex-Mem- ber of Congre.ss, Nathan Clifi"ord, now Justice of the United States Supreme Court, and George F. Shepley, late Judge of the United States Circuit Court, the paper being under the editorial charge of Mr. Appleton, for whom during 1855 Mr. Adams conducted it, Mr. Appleton being Secre- tary of Legation at London. In 1857, Mr. William G. Chadbourne and Mr. Augustine Haines purchased an interest. Mr. Appleton assumed edi- torial charge of the Washington Union, and by choice of the proprietors Mr. Adams became editor-in-chief In 1858, Nathan Clifford retired, and in 1859, N. L. Woodbury, William G. Chadbourne, and George F. Emery retired, all selling their interests to Mr. Adams. In 1860, John Ap- pleton sold his interest to Moses McDonald, who soon after sold to H. C. Barnes. Prior to 1866 Mr. Adams purchased the interest of all the other proprietors, becoming the sole owner, and in the great conflagration of that year, July 4th, the whole establishment was destroyed, the complete files of the paper and its account and subscription books alone being saved. The loss was about five thousand dollars above in- surance. For three weeks the Argus was issued from the oflioe of William Noyes, of the Saeo Independent, who kindly tendered his facilities for the purpose. The Argus was then re-established in Portland, and has since been managed in all departments by Mr. Adams. It has always been Democratic, consistently maintaining the principles of Jefierson which it was founded to support. JOHN MILTON AD.\JIS. His father, Nathan Adams, was born Jan. 28, 1778, and his grandfather, Nathan, born Dec. 1, 1757, was a son of Ezekiel Adams, of New Ipswich, N. H., whose sister, Dolly Adams, married Isaac Appleton, the father of the Boston merchants, Nathan and Samuel Appleton. The New Ipswich Adamses had the same ancestors as the Mas- sachusetts family, but were inclined to piety rather than to politics, producing a whole line of deacons and clergymen of the strict orthodox faith. The late Nehemiah Adams, D.D., of Boston (being perhaps the most distinguished), was cousin of Nathan Adams, father of the subject of this narrative. His mother, Susan, was the daughter of Ezekiel Merrill, of Newbury, Mass., also a .soldier of the Revolution, who married Sarah Emery, of the same town, a lady of remarkable energy and sagacity, moved to Bethel, Oxford Co., thence to Andovcr while it was still a wilderness. She was the first white child born at Andover ; was educated at Fryeburg Academy and at Mrs. Putnam's school, Bruns- wick ; she was a school-teacher ; was the youngest of eight children, who all lived to marry and raise families. Both his grandfathers were soldiers of the Revolution. His father was the first postmaster of Rumford, served in the war of 1812 for the defense of Portland, was a public-spirited, respected, and influential citizen. He contributed one- fourth to build the first church at Rumford Point. He fell from a ladder upon the barn floor, causing a fracture of the skull, and in a few houi-s died (1830). John Milton Adams, son of Nathan and Susan (Mer- rill) Adams, was born in Rumford, Oxford Co., Me., Sept. 22, 1819. On arriving at school age, he attended district school until ten years old, when his f;»ther died, leaving him the oldest of five children. He was under the instruc- tion of his mother until fifteen, when he attended one 108 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. term at Turner, and was a student for one term at Bethel Academy. For two winters following he taught school, attending Bridgton Academy during the intervening .sum- mer. In the spring of 18:^8, during what was known as the "Aroo.stook war," he volunteered, and was made orderly in the company of Capt. Joshua I. Ilall, of Rumford. It moved no farther than Augusta, and was discharged after about one month's service. In May, 18v59, he received an invitation, through the influence of his life-long friend, Isaac W. Talbot, to take charge of the academy at New Market, Kent Co., Md. He promptly accoi>ted, and conducted the school to the entire satisfaction of the school board until December, 1840, when the death of a brother called him home. In 18-41 he became a student of Gorham Seminary, then in charge of Amos Brown, remaining there two years, teaching during winter vacations. He spent the year 1843 at the French college at St. Ilyaeinthe, Canada, where he acquired facility in writing and speaking the French language. In the spring of 1844 he began the study of law in the office of the well-known firm of Fessenden & Deblois, Portland, at the same time teaching French. In the fall of 1844 he attended a meeting in the mayor's office, with a dozen other gentlemen, including the late John A. Poor, to con- sider the matter of building a railroad to Montreal. This was the inception of the enterprise in which he afterwards took an active interest. Tile following winter he taught the school at Turner, and in 1846 he was admitted to the Cumberland bar, and im- mediately commenced practice in Portland. In 1848 he formed a law partnership with John A. Poor (afterwards the well-known railroad man). In 1850-51 he made a tour of P]urope, visiting mo.st of its capitals and the large cities, and acting as correspondent of the RailroadJournal of New York, writing chiefly on the systems of European railways, and was appointed on the staiF of Governor Hub- hard, whose election he had earnestly advocated before his departure. In 1852 he was Superintendent of Schools for Cumberland County, not, however, relinquishing the prac- tice of the law. In 1855 he edited the Argus for John Appleton, then secretary of legation at London, during which time the political campaign was very exciting, and Samuel Wells, the Democratic candidate for Governor, was elected. In 1851), Jlr. Adams was appointed reporter of judicial decisions, and prepared volumes 41 and 42 of Maine Reports. He formed a law partnership with Nathan Clif- ford. In May, 1857, Mr. Clifi"ord being appointed Ju.stice of the United States Supreme Court, and Mr. Adams being unanimously selected by the proprietors to the editorial charge of the Eastern Argus, he relinquished his law prac- tice and accepted the position, which he has ever since held, becoming sole proprietor of the establishment only a few months before its destruction in the conflagration of 1866. -\pril 16, 1807, he married Adela S., daughter of Wil- liam \V. Ilobbs, of Norway. Tlieir children are Susan M., Sarah W., and John M. Adams, Jr. Since he has been a resident of Portland, Mr. Adams has ever been interested in tlie prosperity of the city,— its public enterprises and the welfare of its citizens. His position in connection with one of the leading journals of the Eastern States for the past twenty years has brought him face to face with the great political questions of the State and nation, in the dis- cussion of which his ready pen, his lucid exposition of facts, and his prompt and unreserved opinion, expressed through his paper, have won the confidence of the thinking people who read its columns. He was a member of the State Legislature from Deering in 1877-78. THE PORTLAND PRESS. The I'ortland Press was established in June, 1802, by Neweli A. Foster, J. T. Gilman, and Joseph B. Hall. Mr. Foster was a Portland printer who had had experience in publishing, who took a strong and intelligent interest in politics, and who belonged to an old anti-slavery family in New England. Mr. Hall was editor of the Aroostook Herald and Secretary of State. Mr. Gilman was editor of the Bath Times. At the outbreak of the Rebellion some earnest, spirited, and patriotic articles which appeared in the columns of the paper under his control attracted the attention of leading Republicans, and from that time they looked to him as the proper man to edit the leading news- paper of the State. Mr. Gilman brought the subscription list of the Bath paper, and Mr. Hall that of the Aroostook paper, to the Maine State Press, the weekly edition of the Portland Press. Encouragement and pecuniary aid were given by prominent Republicans in the city, and the paper became a success. Mr. Gilman's strong and incisive edito- rials, so thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit of those stirring days, at once commanded public notice ; but the success of the venture was due more to the great business capacity, untiring energy, and intelligent and firm political convictions of Mr. Foster than to any other one cause. Until his death, in 1868, he was the controlling spirit of the Press. Mr. Hall remained in the firm less than a year. Mr. Gilman edited the Press, with the exception of less than a year, until September, 1867, when he was succeeded by Mr. H. W. Richardson, now editor of the Evening Adver- tiser. In 1866 the paper sustained a severe blow by the total destruction of its office and material in the great fire of that year which burned half of Portland. But, alone of the dailies in the city, it lost no issue. The paper of the Gth of July appeared four hours after the usual time, printed on the largest press left in the city, — nine by twelve inches, — and containing the best account of the conflagration that appeared that morning. Flvon before the office was con- sumed new type and press were ordered, and in two weeks were in use. In November, 1808, Newell A. Foster, who had conducted the business department of the paper from the start, and was its owner, died. Feb. 26, 1800, the Portland Publish- ing Company was incorporated, bought the Press and the printing-house attached, and continued the publication of the paper. The late George II. Knowlton, of Biddeford, then a.ssessor of internal revenue for the first district of Maine, was emploj'cd as managing editor. On his death he was succeeded by George Giff"ord, of Vassalboro', now United States Consul at Nantes, in the republic of France. In March, 1872, Mr. Giftbrd retired, and was succeeded by Mr. Stanley T. Pullen, of Portland, who became chief Gc£i^^ii^^ .^ J&x^.£^^^ Edward Henry Elwell was born in Portlantl, Me., Dec. 14, 1825. His ancestors trace tiieir descent from tiie Eliwclls of Gioncester, Mass. William Patterson, his maternal grandfather, came to this town in the latter part of the last century, and set- tled on an estate on Free Street, near its junction with Mitldle Street. His father, Charles Elwell, and l)oth his grandfathers were siiip-niasters, sailing out of this port. He early manifested a j)redilection for the se;i, and spent the idle hours of his Iwyhood about the sliipping in tlie docks. His education was gained at the public schools of tiie city, and at the age of sixteen lie entered a commission store, where he spent one year. In the year 1842 he entered the office of the Daily American newsjiaper as an ap- prentice to the printing l)usiness. Tiiis paper was then publisiied by Gen. Tiionuis Todd, and edited by JJenjainin Kingsl)ury, Jr. He remained there until the paper was discontinued, a period of two years and three months. After spending some two years as a journeyman in the office of the Cliri.stian Mirror, then published by the late Rev. Asa Cum- mings, he took ciiarge, as foreman, of the office of the Frec-WUl BaptiM Repository, published at Limerick, Me., where he remained a little more than a year. He then joined with tiie late Elwin Plummer in the enter|)rise of starting in Portland a new weekly literary pajicr, called the Northern Pioneci: Tiie first number of this journal appeared July 1, 1848. In less than four months it gained a circulation of eleven hundrt>d copies. At the end of that time Mr. P^lwell purchased Mr. Plummer's interest in the paper, and united it with the Portland Transcript, then published by the late Erastus E. Gould. Mr. Elwell took charge of the united journals on the 25th of October, 1 848, and has continued as editor of the Transcript since, a period of over thirty years. Under his editorial management the circulation of the Transcript has increased from three thousand to twenty-two thousand. In continuous service, though not in years, Mr. Elwell is the ohlest editor in the city. He was one of the founders of tiie Maine Press Association, and its first vice-president. He hits served three years as president of the association, and has always been active in its affiiirs. In 1871 he made the tour of Europe, writing letters for his paper which attracted much attention. He is the author of an historical and descriptive work, entitled " Portland and Vicinity," and of a pamphlet giving an account of the editorial excursions to Aroostook in the years 1858 and 1878, and of the settlement of that vicinity, both of which liave had a large sale. Mr. Elwell is well known as a lecturer in the Stiite of Maine, having, during several years, devoted a portion of his time to the lecture field. In 1857 he removed from the city to the suburb of Wowlford's Corners, in the town of Westbrook (now Deering), where he has since resided, serving four years on the school committee of We.stbrook. In 1852 he married Sarah C, daughter of Capt. John Polleys, of Portland. Of this union have been born eight children, five of whom are living. THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS. 109 proprietor of the paper, and its editur-iu-chief aud business manager, — positions he still occupies. Under its new editorial and business management the Press has increased its facilities for the collection of news, widened its range of discussion, kept pace with the rapid march of journalism, and greatly enhanced its material pros- perity. Originally started as a political paper, it now de- votes great attention to the varied interests of the State, and to the consideration of art, science, and literature, and the wide range of topics which command the attention of news- paper readers. Its material prosperity has kept pace with its enlarged facilities and the spread of its influence, the daily edition having a large circulation, and the weekly Maine Stale Press being a recognized organ of influence in the country districts of Maine. THE PORTLAND TRANSCRIPT. This highly successful literary and family paper dates its origin in 1837, when the first number was issued by Charles P. llsley, who published it for a time in quarto form. Mr. ILsley started the paper without a subscriber, and continued to conduct it ten years. He had been editor of the Port- land Daily Times, issued in 1836 ; he also had charge of a neatly-printed weekly called the Eclectic, published about four years by Edwin Plummer, and subsequently to leaving the Transcript, in 1859, was editor of the ^I'ex/'j/y Courier. He was a prolific and versatile writer, and a gentleman of liberal ideas. The Transcript was for a time published by Short & Pennell, and by Newell A. Foster. In February, 1845, Mr. Foster sold it to William H. Jerris, who combined with it the remains of the American, and continued to publish it till October, 1846, when he sold it to S. H. Colesworthy, who put it in folio form, and sold to Erastus E. Gould, a graduate of the Arffus office, in 1848. Mr. Gould restored the quarto form and carried it on six months, when Edward 11. Elwell became one of the editors and proprietors. Mr. Elwell and Edwin Plummer had been publishing the North- ern Pioneer, a weekly literary paper started by them in July, 1848. The Pioneer became the property of Mr. Elwell, and was united with the Transcript, the latter being pub- lished by Messrs. Elwell and Gould, under the firm-name of Elwell & Co. J\Ir. Gould remained with the TranscrijJt till his death. Subsequently the Eclectic was united with the Transcript, which brought in Messrs. Pickard and Weston. The paper has since been published by Elwell, Pickard & Co. Mr. Weston, in 1860, sold his interest to Charles Pickard ; but the firm remains the same, embracing Mr. Elwell, and the brothers S. T, and C. W. Pickard. The Transcript has reached a well-deserved rank among the literary papers of the country, by the patient assiduity and well-trained ability of its proprietors. Faithful to good principles and to the best interests of the State, it is received and appreciated by thousands of families, to whom it is a most valuable auxiliary in the education of the rising gen- eration. Its subscription list has reached a point surpass- ing any other in the State by thousands. THE LEADER. This paper is published in the interest of the Greenback party. It was started by Elliot King, formerly of the Xew Era, on the 1st of January, 1879, and has attained a large cir- culation. It is a weekly, twenty-eight-column folio, owned and published by Elliot King. F. Montgomery, editor. THE NEW ERA, also Greenback ; first issued Nov. 30, 1877, incorporated as a stock company. It is under the present editorial man- agement of F. A. Clark. TIIK .SUNDAY TIMES. The first number of this paper was issued Aug. 8, 1875, by Giles 0. Bailey, editor and proprietor. It still continues under the same management, having attained a large circu- lation. The present circulation is about three thousand. It is a seven-column folio, issued every Sunday mornin". THE SUNDAY SUN, by George 0. Gosse and Brother, editors and proprietors, was started March 23, 1879. As a new candidate for pop- ular favor, it has already achieved quite a success, its cir- culation being reported at two thousand. CHAPTER XIX. COUNTY PEESS-(Continued). Newspapers and Periodicals — Brunswick Telegraph — Bowdoin Sci- entific Review — Bridgton News — Kcligious Paper.-? — Obsolete Pub- lications — Miscellaneous. J5KUXSWICK. The Maine Intellir/encer, the first paper in Brunswick, was established in September, 1820. It was edited by John M. Brien, a gentleman who had graduated at Bow- doin College in 1806. A college club of young men, of whom Jacob Abbott, now so well known as a writer, was chairman, contributed to its columns. The paper did not prove remunerative, and was discontinued at the end of six months. The Maine Baptist Herald was begun July 17, 1824. It was the first paper coinciding with the faith and practice of the primitive Baptists ever published in the United States. It was edited about six months by Benjamin Tit- comb, Jr., a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1806, and son of the first printer in Maine. After this it was under the sole management of the publishers, and continued weekly about six years, during the last two years of which it was called the Eastern Galaxy and Herald. During the latter part of the period of its publication it had attained to a list of eleven hundred subscribers. The Androscoffffiji Free Press was eslaldished in the vil- lage of Brunswick by Moore & Wells in 1827, and con- tinued about two years. The Brunswick Journal made its first appearance, under the management of William Noyes, in 1830. Associated with him a part of the lime was Henry W. Fairohild, after- wards printer of the New England Farmer, in Boston. It was edited for a short time by Charles Packard, attorney- at-luw, after whicli Francis D. and John S. Cushing were 110 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. till" principal writers. Tiio journal wa.s Whig in its political principles, well conducted, and flourislicd one year and s\k months. The Juvenile Key was commenced in 1831, as a child's paper, by Josuj)!! Griffin. A considerable portion of tlie type work upon it was done by two children of the editor, aged respectively, at the time of their commencement, nine and seven years. Their names lippearcd as the publishers. This paper was afterwards enlarged, and took the name of the Family Pioneer and Juvenile Key, in which form it was published with good success four years. The Escrcptoir, a monthly, was published in 182G-27, by ii club of students in Bowdoin College, and was printed by Joseph Griffin. It continued six months. The Northern Lis was a monthly issued for six months in 1829. It was edited by Sumner Lincoln Fairfield, a gentleman from the South, of considerable ability. The Eastern Baptist was published by the Baptist Asso- ciation in 1836. It was edited by Rev. David Nutter, printed by T. S. McLellan, and continued one year. The Regulator, Democratic, published in 1837 by T. S. McLellan. Continued two years. I. A. Beard, editor. 'The Brunswicker, published in 1842 by T. S. McLellan ; John Dunlap, editor. Continued one year. The Forester, published by Noyes & Stanwood in 1845 ; A. S. Stanwood, editor. Tlie Juvenile Temperance Watchman, edited and pub- lished by Howard Owen, 1854. At twelve years of age Mr. Owen manifested his industrious habits by publishing a little weekly called the Sun, in Roman letters. He is now one of the enterprising editors and publishers of the Kennebec Journal, at Augusta. THE BRUN.SWICK TELEGRAPH. This paper was commenced in 1853 by Waldron & Moore, publishers, and William G. Barrows, Esq., editor. The publishers, in 185G, transferred their interest to George W. Chase, who published it as editor and proprietor one year, when Howard Owen, now of the Kennebec Joiirnal, was admitted as a partner, and took charge of the agricultural department. In about five months Mr. Owen sold his in- terest to Mr. Chase. Early in 1857, Mr. Chase retired from the paper and went to Bath, where he published the Masonic Journal and taught music. IMr. A. G. Tenney, a graduate of Bowdoin in the class of 1 835, purchased the Telegraph establishment in 1857, rei.s.sued the paper, and lias continued to edit and publish it weekly. The character of the paper has been of the independent typo. Several persons prominently connected with journalism have heretofore been apprentices in the office of the Tele- graph. Mr. Owen has already been mentioned. Another is Mr. Asbury Macomber, publisher of the Suffolk County Journal, Boston Highlands, Mass. BOWDOIN SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. This review is issued fortnightly from Dingley's press, Lewistown. It was established in 1871, and has proved a successful organ of contemporary science and kindred sub- jects. Professor C. F. Brackett, M.D., and G. L. Goodale, M.D., of Bowdoin College, are the editors. The Orient is a paper published every alternate week during the collegiate year by members of the senior class at Bowdoin College. It was established in 1872, by J. G. Abbott, managing and principal editor. liltlDGTON. The Bridgton Reporter was first started in Bridgton in 1858, by Samuel H. Noyes, of Nashua, N. H., and edited by Charles Sampson, a native of Bridgton. In a year or two Mr. Sampson was succeeded by Enoch Knight, of Lovell, Me., now of the Portland Star, who, in the fall of 1861, went to the war as captain of the 12th Maine, and was succeeded in the editorial chair by George Warren, of Gorham. In May, 1862, the Reporter was purchased by Capt. Horace C. Little, of Auburn, and was edited again by Mr. Sampson, and afterwards by Jliss Lizzie Flye, of Den- mark, Me. In the fall of 1863, Augustus Phelps, of Bridg- ton, bought out Capt. Little and changed the name to T'he Bridgton Sentinel, made it a political paper in the interest of the Republican party, with David Hale, p]sq., of Bridg- ton, as editor. In March, 1864, the office, with all its con- tents, was destroyed by fire, and Bridgton was without a local paper till the advent of THE BRIDGTON NEWS, which was established by H. A. Shorey, in September, 1870. The News is an independent weekly, published at Bridgton Centre. Mr. Shorey, the editor, is a practical printer, hav- ing served his time with George K. Newman, of the Eastern Times office, Bath. After his return from the army (being breveted major for gallant and meritorious services) he and Mr. E. Upton purchased and published the Bath Sentinel and Times (daily and weekly) until Sept. 1, 1869, when the paper was sold to W. E. S. Whitman. He was also editor of the Maine Temperance Advocate, begun at Bath in 1870, and discontinued in August of that year, and in September, 1870, he established himself in Bridgton. The News is a well-conducted sheet, serving well the local inter- est of the town and vicinity. RELIGIOUS NEWSPAPER.S. Notwithstanding the numerous political and other news- papers which have been issued, struggled for a time and died, or still survive, the religious press has been well cared for in Portland within the last half-century. It early re- ceived the careful attention of its leading men in the various denominations, and has been well supported. The Christian Mirror is a Congregational (Trinitarian) paper, edited and published by Rev. I. P. Warren, D.D. It has had a period of continued usefulness of over fifty- seven yeai-s, having been established in August, 1822. It traces its origin to a little band of praying Christians, mem- bers of Dr. Payson's church. The first editor was Rev. Asa Rand, of Gorham, who died in 1871, at the age of eighty-eight. He filled the editorial chair most acceptably for several years, and during the transition state from Uni- tarian tendencies to strict evangelical views, managed the discussions with great discretion. He was succeeded by Rev. John L. Parkhurst, of Ringe, N. II., who was editor one year. In 1827, Rev. Asa Cummings, pastor of the THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS. Ill church at North Yarmouth, assumed the duties of editor, and remained in the capacity of editor and proprietor twenty-nine years, or until 1855. Dr. Cumniings gradu- ated at Harvard College in 1817, was tutor there and after- wards at Bowdoin. He died at sea two days out from Aspinwall, June 5 or 6, 1856, aged sixty-five, and was buried in the deep. He was the sixth of sixteen children, born in Andover, Mass., but his father, Asa, died in Al- bany, Me., in 1845, aged eighty-five. His great-grand- father was one hundred and two years old. Dr. Oummings was a learned and excellent man, a hard-working editor, and an exemplary Christian. He published the Memoir of Rev. Dr. Payson. In August, 1855, Mr. Charles Austin Lord became edi- tor of the Christian Mirror, having been for several years associated with Dr. Cummings. Mr. Lord was a native of Maine, and formerly of the publishing house of Leavitt, Lord & Co.j of New York. He was afterwards for several years connected with the daily press of St. Louis. The Christian Intelligencer, the first organ of the Uni- versalists in Maine, began to be issued as a quarterly of thirty-two pages octavo, by Rev. Russell Streeter, in Sep- tember, 1821. It was printed at the Argus oflice, by Todd & Smith, at a subscription price of fifty cents per annum. It began with two hundred subscribers, and at the end of the first volume numbered one thousand. At the com- mencement of the second volume it took the additional title of Gospel Advocate. Its third, fourth, and fifth vol- umes were enlarged to royal quarto size, and issued once a fortnight at one dollar a year. During its sixth year the form was changed to a royal octavo, and William A. Drew became assistant editor. In January, 1827, the paper was removed to Gardiner, — Parker & Sheldon, publishers, and William A. Drew, editor. The Sahhath- School Instructor, a juvenile weekly, was .started in May, 1830, by D. C. Coleswortiiy, Philip Greely, and William W. Woodbury. Mr. Cutter edited it for the first two years. He finally .sold to C. P. Hsley, who united it with the Portland Transcript. T/ie Christian Pilot, a half-sheet quarto (Universalist paper), was published by Rev. Menzies Rayner, at one dol- lar a year, from July, 1832, to July, 1835, when it was sold to J. C. Hill, removed to North Yarmouth, and edited by Rev. Zenas Thompson. In July, 1836, it was merged in the Gospel Banner, published by Rev. William A. Drew, at Augusta. For a time the Banner and Pilot were pub- lished simultaneously at Portland. The Universalist Palladium was begun by Samuel S. Cole.sworthy, in October, 1839, and was edited by Rev. C. C. Burr. It continued to be issued semi-monthly for two years, when it was merged in the Gospel Banner. The Eastern Rosebud was the name of a juvenile paper I>ublished about two years by Mr. Colesworthy ; also the Religious Instructor, brought from Norway. Tiieir list was transferred to the Gospel Banner. The Maine Wesleyan Journal was begun about 1830, by Rev. Gershom Fox, who was editor. For the first year or two it was printed by Todd & Holden, afterwards by Horatio King. It was finally removed to Boston and united with Zioiis Herald. Zion's Advocate, the present Baptist paper, was founded by Rev. Adam Wilson, editor, and printed by Day & Sum- ner. Mr. Wilson, after ably conducting it several years, sold to Kalloch & Smith, and J. B. Foster afterwards be- came editor and proprietor. For many years it was owned by Dr. Shailer, who, with J. W. Colcord, conducted it with great success. Rev. H. S. Burrage is the present editor and proprietor. The Freeman's Friend was started in Portland, in 1806, by J. MeKown. It was neutral in politics, and continued but a short time. The Independent Statesman made its appearance in 1821, with Joseph Griffin as publisher. He subsequently took in a partner, Amos C. Tappan. The paper was gotten up by a combination of politicians to advocate the election of Gen. Joshua Wingate, Jr., for Governor, in opposition to Albion K. Parris, the Democratic nominee. The con- test that year was the most bitter and personal of any polit- ical campaign ever witnessed in the State ; but Mr. Parris was elected Governor. The firm of Griffin & Tappan was succeeded by that of Thayer & Tappan, and soon after Henry R. Stickney be- came a partner, the firm being Thayer, Tappan & Stickney. Finally, the whole control of the Statesman pas.sed into the hands of Abijah W. Thayer as editor and publisher. Pre- vious to this, however, the paper had been edited at difi"er- ent times by Nathaniel Deering, N. G. Jewett, and James P. Vance. Mr. Thayer carried it on about a year, and then moved to Haverhill, and thence to Northampton, Mass., where he died several years ago. Dr. Nathaniel Low then removed from South Berwick and took charge of the paper, changing its name to the American Patriot. William E. Edwards was at this time the printer. Dr. Low continued the paper about a year, being meantime appointed postmaster for Portland, — a po.sition which he held only a few months. The paper expired upon his removal, and the political faction which established it, after rallying under the name of National Republican, and sus- taining their banner a few years, became part of the Whig party. They had during the first year, by the aid of some Federalists, obtained a small majority in the House and on joint ballot. Tho.se who remember this split in the party regard it as surpassing in rancor and bitterness any political contest ever known in the State. Canings and personal assaults were common, and caricatures of the most ludicrous cast were printed in the Statesman. The small majority, however, succeeded in making it the State paper. The Wreath, a family newspaper, was commenced in 1822, by John Edwards, and afterwards continued by A. W. Thayer. It lasted about one year. The Experiment, a semi-monthly, quite unique in char-- acter, was commenced about 1825, under the editorehip of James N. Purrinton, afterwards principal of the high school, in Portland. The articles were all written by a society of young men, of which Mr. Purrinton was the head, the design of the paper being mutual improvement by means of essays, criticisms, discussions, etc. Among the associates were John B. Brown, Daniel Winslow, Cap- tain Coffin, the writer, and others. The paper continued ouly for a year or two. 112 HISTORY OF CUMHKKLAND COUNTY, MAINE. The Family Reader, a weekly paper, published and edited by Seba Smith, was eoniiiienced in November, 1829, and continued several years. The Temperunce Journal wa.s i)ublislioil for several years by A. Siiirley & Son, and subsequently by Elder Peck, Brown Tiiurston, and otliers. Contemporary with it was The Pence Washriifflonian, published by the Messrs. Nichols. We have no dates of tlie commencement or dis- continuance of these papers. During tlieir existence a sharp rivalry was kept up between them, each being equally devoted to the cau.se of temperance, but diiferiug widely in their plans and methods. Much good, doubtless, they both did in their separate .spheres. The Umpire was a weekly Whig paper, and at one period of its existence a daily also was issued. It was .short-lived. Under the charge of F. 0. J. Smith it warmly advocated Gen. Taylor's election, but closed its career soon afterwards. The Orion, a weekly literary paper, edited by James Fur- bish, was published for a brief period by Mr. Edwards, of the Umpire. The Yankee, edited by John Neal, was a famous paper in its day, though short-lived. It was published weekly by James Adams, Jr., from its initial date. Jan. 1, 1828. About eighteen months it continued to be published in Portland, the city of its birth, when it was united with the Bachelor s Monthly, including Mrs. Hales 3Ionthly and the Boston Literary Gazette, and removed to Boston, where it was published under the conduct of Mr. Neal and James Miller, the poet. But, alas! it could not survive such a marriage and change of place. As if this were not enough, however, it had also to be changed in form into a magazine, [t only lived about six months after these fatal changes and it,s removal to Boston. The Yankee illustrated during its period in Portland the peculiarities of its editor in an emi- nent degree. At the time it was founded Mr. Neal was thirty-five years old, and a model of ingenuousness and im- pulse. He was open and frank as the day, yet persistent as force itself in what he conceived to be right. He published in his columns articles of astounding boldness and audacity, but if he found them in error he retracted manfully in the next issue ; if he believed them true he maintained them with unflinching firmness. Mr. Neal will long be remem- bered both in Europe and America for the productions of his gifted pen and the eccentricities of his genius. The World in a Nutshell was a paper similar to the Yan- kee, begun in 1830. Its forte was universal censure, and under the dL^guise of an imper.sonal editorship, it astonished and alarmed the community by the exposure of all sorts of .secret misdoings which were little thought to be known. Who the writers were and how the information got out no- body could discover. It was a profound and terrible mys- tery, and no one felt safe while the unseen eye and the hidden hand lurked in ambush for the faults and foibles of the community, which were sure to be exposed in a sheet which made its regular appearance no one knew whence. They could not even find out where the mysterious sheet was printed. This paper no doubt served a good purpose, but it continued only for a short time. The Jeffersonian was removed to Portland from Paris, Oxford Co., in XS'A'S, by Horatio King, afterwards aetin" postmaster-general, who published it several years with a good degree of success. It was Democratic in politics. Upon its discontinuance The Weekly Standard was started by John S. Hartley. It was continued a year or two, when Sir. Hartley moved to Washington, and the paper expired. The Portland Trihune, a literary weekly in quarto form, was started in 1841 by D. C. Colesworthy, and continued under his management over four years. Among its con- tributors were John Neal, William Cutter, Nathaniel Deer- ing, Mrs. E. Oakes Smith, S. B. Beckett, Charles Holden, J. W. Mighels, G. W. Light, G. A. Baily, and others. Many of its original articles were extensively copied. In 1845 this paper was sold to John Edwards, and united with the Portland Umjyire. The Workinr/mans Advocate appeared in 1835, edited by Dr. C. H. McLellan, and published by Day & Sumner. In about a year its subscribers were transferred to the Daily Courier. The Yankee Farmer, by S. W. Cole, began to be pub- lished in 1836. After several years it was removed to Bo.ston and united with the New England Farmer. 2'he Pleasure Boat was a misnamed paper published several years in Portland by Jere. Hacker, a Friend, who afterwards removed it to New Jersey. It was cynical in tone, and not by any means the pleasant and agreeable craft to sail in which its name would imply. The Political Nostrum was for a while the organ of a faction of the Democratic party known at first as the " Mor- mons" and afterwards as the " Wild Cats." It was issued between 1835 and 1840, but continued only a short time. The Journal of Reform was published by D. C. Coles- worthy in 1 830-37. It was the first paper in the State de- voted to temperance and anti-slavery. The popular anti- slavery Governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, while at Bowdoin College, was a contributor to this paper. The Youtlis Monitor was commenced by D. C. Coles- worthy in. 1839-40, and continued about two years. The Argus Renewed, a paper so called, appeared in 1839. It was started by some disaffected parties to displace the old Argus, and was published by Ira Berry ; but it failed of its object. Tlie Eastern Farmer, an agricultural paper issued in 1841, was published for some time by Ira lierry and F. O. J. Smith, the latter being editor. The Genius, a paper devoted to amusing and harmless vagaries, by Josiah Lord Thomas, was once published in Portland and continued for some time. The Portland Daily Express was issued by D. C. Coles- worthy in 1844, and continued loss than a year. The dailies from the Advertiser and .lcy«sofiiccs having been previously established, there was no room for a third daily, and it died after the first volume. It supported Henry Clay for the Presidency and numbered John Neal amongjts contributors, and " j'et it was not happy." The American made its appearance about 1850, a daily Democratic .sheet. The party was then in the ascendency in the State. For a while it flourished on the pabulum of State advertising, but soon joined the long procession of its departed predecessors, conteni|KMaries, and succe.^soi's. AUTHORS AND ARTISTS. 113 The State of Maine (daily, tri-weekly, and weekly) was commenced in July, 1853, by May & Marble, who removed the Northern Light from Hallowell on the invitation of John M. Wood, who was to furnish the money, the editorial control to be assumed by John A. Poor. Mr. Wood having bouirht a controlling interest in the Advertiser abandoned the State of Maine, and Mr. Poor conducted it till 1859, when he purchased the Advertiser of Mr. Wood, and, with Messrs. Waldron and Little as partners, consolidated the two papers. The State of Maine was Whig in politics, but its special hobby was the development of the internal resources of the State. The Observer, a ten-cent quarto, was published in 1864: by Stephen Berry. No editor was avowed, but it was evi- dently intended for a classical periodical. Its Latin quota- tions were numerous and apt, but it did not continue long. The Riverside Echo was established in 1866 for the ad- vocacy of temperance. It was edited by Rev. J. E. C. Sawyer, and published by ati association. The Athenseiun, a senii-monthl}', was published by S. Coleman a short time. The Wreath was commenced in March, 1842. In May it was doubled in size and issued once in two weeks. It continued till October, 1843 Was devoted to family in- terests and Sunday-schools, edited by C. L. Adams, and published by Brown Thurston. The Portland Enquirer, edited by John Q. Day and pub- lished by Brown Thurston, was started in 1848. It was subsequently edited by Austin Willey, and continued its weekly visits for some eight years. 7'//e Journal of Education, monthly (forty 8vo pages), edited by A. P. Stone and twelve prominent teacliers of the State. Published by Brown Thurston. This paper was started by G. M. Gage, at Farmington, December, 1866, under the title of the Maine Normal, and was moved to Portland in June, 1868. Good Speed, a monthlj', commenced by F. J. Rich, in February, 1871, and sold to H. A. McKenney the following December. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. Messrs. Hoyt, Fogg & Donham publish The North East, a missionary paper of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the diocese of Maine. They also publish The Union Bible Teacher, containing comments for old and young on the series of Union Sunday-School Lessons, and a complete set of the Quarterly and Monthly Lesson-Papers on the " International System" for the use of Sunday-schools. Tlie Maine State Year-Booh and Legislative Manual has been published by this firm since 1870. It is a direc- tory of the State and a valuable hand-book of statistics for ready and convenient reference. The Helping Hand, an illustrated monthly religious paper, is published by the Young INIen's Christian Associa- tion of Portland. People's Illustrated Journal, a literary monthly, is pub- lished by George Stitson & Co. Home Fireside Magazine is the name of a literary monthly published by H. Hallett i*i; Co. It was established in April, 1879. 15 Living Issue is a weekly temperance paper published by the Maine Temperance Alliance. Portland Price Current is a monthly commercial paper published by M. N. Rich. The Masonic Token is published (piarterly by Stephen Berry. CHAPTER XX. AUTHORS AND ARTISTS. Sketch of Authors, Native and Resident, of Cumberland County- Catalogue of their Works—Distinguished Naval Officers— Orators and Statesmen. At the head of this list we place Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the poet, who was born in Portland on the 27th of February, 1807. The house where he was born stands on the corner of Pore and Hancock Streets. It is " an old, square, wooden hou.se upon the edge of the sea." At the time when it was built by the poet's father, Hon. Stephen Longfellow, the sea flowed up to the edge of the road opposite, but it has since been pushed away by the made land of the Grand Trunk Railway. The house is three stories, and still in a good state of preservation. Of the writings of Mr. Longfellow it is unneces.sary here to speak : they are known and admired wherever the Eng- lish language is spoken, and have been translated into many foreign languages. As a poet and man of letters he occu- pies a place second to no other American author in the hearts and affections of thousands at home and abroad who have been charmed and inspired to nobler thought and endeavor by the beauty and purity of his writings. In his poem entitled " My Lost Youth" he speaks of Portland as " the beautiful town That is seated by the sea." Nathaniel Parker Willis was born in Portland Jan. 20, 1807, but little over a .short month earlier than Mr. Long- fellow. It is rare that two such poets are born in the same city so near the same time ; a parallel instance probably cannot be found. Mr. Willis was descended from an an- cestry of publishers : his father and grandfather, both of whom were named Nathaniel, having been printers and journalists by profession. The former was an apprentice in the same office with Benjamin Franklin ; the latter estab- lished the Eastern Argus in Portland, and afterwards re- moved to Boston, where he founded the Recorder of that city. As a poet, journalist, and letter-writer N. P. Willis was distinguished for his clear, sprightly, and graphic style, and for his rare skill in the use of words, of which his " Pen- cilings by the Way" may be taken as a fair example. The birthplace of N. P. Willis, and of his sister, Sara Payson Willis ("Fanny Fern"), now Mi-s. James Parton, of Boston, was a two-story frame house in Essex Street. The cradle in which all the children of the family were rocked is still preserved. It is of solid mahogany, and was earned by Mrs. Willis with the labor of her own hands. We find it stated iu Allibone's " Dictionary of Authors" that the sales of !Miss Willis' " Fern Leaves" series in Europe and 114 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. America amounted to the sum of one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. Her novels have also had an unprece- dented popularity. John Neal, the veteran author, was born in Portland, Aug. 25, 1 793, of Quaker parentage. A large portion of his life was spent in his native city, and the last of his literary labors were devoted to an illustrated sketch-book of its men and institutions, full of that piquant and racy style of de.scription of which he was master. Mr. Neal was one of the most original minds of his time, — too full of ideas and impulse to pay much regard to the mechanical part of literature ; frank and ingenious to a fault, a con- noisseur in art and letters, a severe critic, a generous and whole-souled friend, a most interesting iind agreeable com- panion. His richly-endowed and well-stored mind was constantly bubbling over with the exuberance of its treas- ures. In personal appearance he was a man whom strangers would stop to gaze at in passing, or be struck with his presence on meeting him, — tall, commanding, and of a powerful cast of head and fSice. A notable poem of Mr. Neal's, entitled the " Battle of Niagara," was published as long ago as 1818. He went to England, where, in 1824, he was one of the contributors to Blackwood's Magazine, and enjoyed the friendship of Jeremy Bentham. On his return, enriched by foreign travel and observation, he extended a liberal hand of sym- pathy and help to every local artist and author whose promise of success he had the sagacity to foresee and to predict. Thus he became the patron and confidential friend of Akers, Codman, Tilton, Simmonds, and many others, whose latent genius in art and letters he encouraged and aided in bringing to fruition. As a poet, novelist, jour- nalist, and contributor to magazine literature Mr. Neal was a voluminous and successful writer. Nathaniel Hawthorne, the novelist, although not a native of this county, spent a portion of his boyhood day.s in the vicinity of Lake Sebago. At South Caseo, on the Raymond side, is the Union church, formerly Scribner's Inn, the resi- dence of Mrs. Hawthorne and the boyhood home of the great novelist. A short distance above this stood the old mill, then deserted, in which Hawthorne used to practice some of his earliest ventures in story-writing. A manu- script was found there many years afterwards in overhaul- ing and refitting the mill. The Images at the lower end of the cape was a favorite resort of the young novelist, where, it is said, he was accustomed to loiter in his little boat and vi.sit the " cave" in this peculiar rocky formation. No doubt the wild scenery and solitude of this situation had something to do in fostering that poetic susceptibility and retiring disposition so characteristic of Hawthorne in after-life. Among the native sculptors, no doubt, Benjamin Paul Akers deserves the first place. He was born at Sacoarappa, in the town of We-stbrook. Ho passed his early life in brick- yards and lumber-mills, occasionally laboring on his father's littie homestead. His first attempt at art was a life-sized medallion in clay. He had never .seen such a head any- where, either in living form or painting ; but, in his own language, the production was " altogether his own ideal of the Saviour." He next produced a very excellent bust of Mr. Bradley, a member of the bar in his neighborhood. Among the noted works of Mr. Akers were his " Lady Jane Grey," " Benjamin," and the " Pearl Diver." He died young in Italy, leaving a brother Charles (or Karl, as he chose to be called), who was also gifted as a sculptor. Franklin Simmonds was another sculptor of Portland. The first of his successful achievements was an ideal statue of " Roger Williams," executed for the city of Providence, an admirable embodiment of the Puritan character. He next produced the " Mother of Moses," with a child in her lap, life size, — so fine a work of art as to fix his reputation beyond question. He afterwards completed several beauti- ful designs for soldiers' monuments, and just before his de- parture for Italy executed a fine bust of Hon. John B. Brown, of Portland. Among landscape painters we mention Charles Codman and others. Those born here, or making their first appear- ance here, have given Portland a high reputation. Charles Codman began as a sign-painter on Middle Street. He had previously served his time with Willard, the clock- maker, and exhibited great taste and skill in painting clock- faces and small landscapes on gla.ss. After this he decorated in oil tapestry one of the hotels in the city, which first at- tracted attention to his genius ; then he painted marine views, summer landscapes, and many pieces of rare merit, gaining in popularity, so that no local collection was consid- ered complete without one or more of his pictures in it. Ho received many orders from all parts of the country, and was engaged in his work till the time of his death. John Rollin Tilton painted some fine pictures among his early efibrts, which are in the possession of Hon. J. B. Brown, Dr. James M. Cummings, and others of Portland. After spending some time in Italy he produced some fine sketches of scenes in Rome and other parts of Europe, and his water-colored studies of Egypt, which are considered in some respects his best work. For these latter he refused some thousands of dollars. His '-St. George of the Sea- weed Lsle" has been much admired, and he has established a high reputation among American artists. Another of the landscape painters is Harry Brown, author of a collection of marine views, which Mr. Neal has pro- nounced " rich, exuberant, and overflowing with sunshine and truthfulness." Charles E. Beckett was a painter of some considerable reputation. He has a daughter, who is thought to surpass her father in some respects, especially as a colorist. John B. Hudson, an artist of fine abilities, is resident in Portland. The prose writers of Portland and vicinity have been num- berless, and, almost without exception, above the average. Samuel Freeman was the editor of Smith's and Deane's " Journals" — a treasury of hou.sehold incidents and historic facts relating to Falmouth and Portland, published in 1821. Samuel Freeman was the eldest son of Enoch Freeman, and was born in Falmouth on the 15th of June, 1742. The family originally settled in Watertown, Mass., but this branch moved to the Old Colony. He traded and kept school previous to the Revolution. He first came into notice as a public man in 1774, when he warmly advocated the rights of the colonies. In 1775, having just attained the ago of thirty-throe, he was chosen sole delegate to the fp<^yi/i.ZXA^ AUTHORS AND ARTISTS. 115 Provincial Congress from Falmouth, and was re-electod in 1776-78 ; he was appointed Secretary of Congress in 1775, the duties of which office he ably and satisfiictorily dis- charged for three years. In 1775 he was appointed clerk of the courts in this county, and held the office, with the exception of one year in the administration of Mr. Gerry, until 1820, a period of forti/six years. The same year he received the appointment of register of probate, which he held until he was commissioned judge of probate in 1804 the duties of which office he faithfully discharged until 1820. He was also postmaster from 1775 to 1804. The confidence reposed in him by his fellow-citizens was no less conspicuous than that of government; in 1788 he was elected one of the selectmen of the town, and with the ex- ception of one year was annually re-elected twenty-five years. In 1781 he was chosen deacon of the first parish, and held the office about forty-five years. In 1802 he was appointed president of the Maine Bank in Portland, which he held for several successive years, and was also a number of years president of the overseers of Bowdoin College. These numerous and varied offices he filled with singular industry, fidelity, and accuracy, and, by a judicious arrange- ment of his employments, still had time to spare for the charities of life. His active and benevolent mind sought relief from the toils of official duty in the humble walks of beneficence ; and we find him originating and aiding by his money, his example, and his personal efforts, all the institu- tions whose tendency was to elevate the tone of society and to improve the manners and morals of the people. Not- withstanding his numerous avocations he turned to account his peculiar talent as a draughtsman, and published the Town Officer, Clerk's Assistant, and Probate Directory, which, in an age when there were few lawyers and no books of practical forms in common u.se, had a very rapid and extensive circulation, and passed through several editions. In the latter part of his life, when he had thrown off the cares of office, Mr. Freeman found employment in digesting the manuscript journal of the Rev. Mr. Smith, and collect- ing information relative to the town and county. This he published in 1821, and thus preserved from destruction many valuable materials for history. In reading the ex- tracts from Mr. Smith's "Journal," we cannot but deeply regret tliat the editor should have been placed under an injunction to destroy what he did not use, and that thus by far the larger portion of the journal is lost forever. Such are some of the particulars in the useful and protracted life of this venerable man. In bis domestic and private char- acter he may be traced by the same lines of kindness, be- nevolence, and integrity which marked bis public course. He was twice married. His first wife. Miss Fowle, of Water- town, Mass., died in 1785, at the early age of thirty ; he married in 178C the widow of Pearson Jones and daughter of Enoch Ilsley, with whom he lived forty-four years, and whom he survived about a year. He died in June, 1831, aged eighty, leaving children by both of his wives. He held at one time the several offices of delegate to the general court, its secretary, clerk of the courts, postmaster, and register of probate. At another period, he was at the same time judge of probate, clerk of the courts, postmaster, selectman, president of the Maine Bank, president of the board of overseers uf Bowdoin College, deacon of the first church, and an active member of several societies. Hon. William Willis was by far the most voluminous historical writer in this portion of New England. Be- sides the numerous volumes which he wrote and edited, and his many elaborate papers and articles furnished for periodicals, he was a constant contributor up to his last days to the daily press of Portland. He kept a private diary, which began in 1844, and continued, with scarcely an interruption of its daily entry, till within four days of his decease. He had commenced to keep a journal as early as 1815, but for some cause it w:is discontinued; the four folios, embracing twenty-six years, are all that survive him. The peculiarities of the seasons and the range of the thermometer during those twenty-six years may be ascer- tained with considerable accuracy from this journal. By his habit of collecting facts respecting people and fiimilies, he was prepared, on the death of almost any person in the community, to prepare and furnish to the press an obituary notice surprisingly accurate in all its details. This made his services of much value in that department, and added essentially to his qualifications as a historian. Mr. Willis bequeathed to the Public Library of Portland a large portion of his own private library and his manu- scripts ; these contain a folio volume of genealogical and biographical sketches and memoranda of great interest, as showing the materials with which he was constantly fur- nishing himself for future use. The published works of Mr. Willis were the following : History of Portland, 18.31 ; A Bibliography of the State of Maine, in Norton's Literary Letter, No. 4, 1859 ; a similar one, published after his death, on the writer.s, native and resident, of Maine, — Historical Magazine, March, 1870. A Summary of Voyages made to the North Atlantic Coast of this Continent in the Sixteenth Century, — New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, 1869 ; also in the same, an Essay on the Early Collections of Voyages to America. A Sketch of the Origin and Progress of the Maine Historical Society, — Historical Magazine, January, 1868. A Paper on the Early Settlers of New Hampshire, — New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1868. Notice of Folsom's Catalogue of Original Docu- ments in the English Archives, relating to the Early His- tory of Maine, 1808 ; Titles conferred on Americans, — Historical Magazine, January, 1866. Descent of Hon. Isaac Royall, and Long Pastorates of the First Parish of Portland, — Historical Magazine, 186G. A Genealogy of the McKinstry Family, — New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1859—60. For the Law Reporter he furnished reports of causes and decisions in the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine ; and in December, 1848, a paper on Judicial Changes in Maine. He edited all the seven volumes of the " Maine Historical Collections," and all but one contain one or more valuable contributions from his pen. He republished the Journals of Rev. Messrs. Smith and Deane, with copious notes, bio- graphical sketches, and an introduction, in 1849, and a new edition of his " History of Portland," in 1865. In 1863 appeared his " History of the Law, the Courts, and the Lawyers of Maine," one vol., Svo, pp. 712. llfi HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Mr. Willis Wiw .-iucuessively elected corresponding aud honorary member of most of the historical societies in the United States, and in 18(57 he received from Bowdoin Col- lege the honorary degree of LL.D. He died on the 17th of February, 1870. Fitting notices of his death were taken by the municipal authorities of the city of Portland, by the Cumberland bar, and by the Maine Historical Society. The following is a brief notice of other authors and their works in Portland and Cumberland County : Rev. Ichabod Nichols, D.D., was the author of works on " Natural Theology," " Natural History," and " Hours with the Evangelists." Isaac Ray, M.D., produced works entitled " Conversa- tions on the Animal Economy," and " Lectures on Botany," both remarkable for clearness and precision of language. Dr. Ray went to Eastport from Portland, and afterwards had charge of the Insane Asylum at Augusta. Rev. Edward Payson, D.D., published works on theology ; also Rev. Dr. W. T. Dwight, Rev. Dr. J. W. Chickering, Rev. Jason Whitman, Rev. Wm. B. Ilayden, and Rev. Dr. Thomas Hill, formerly president of Harvard University. Rev. Cyrus Bartol, D.D., author of " Church and Congre- gation," " Radical Problems," etc., lived for a time in Port- land. Authors in science and natural history, — William B. Sewall, Dr. J. W. Ingalls. Nathaniel Deering, a graduate of Harvard in 1810, while following the law as a profession, devoted his leisure hours to literature. His chief productions were two five-act tragedies,—" Carrabassett" and " Bozzaris," — which have been much admired. His miscellaneous tales and poems contain much of the humor of " Down East" life. Among other poets, resident aud native, were Grenville Mellen, brother of Chief Justice Mellen ; Mrs. E. A. Oakes Smith, author of "The Siuless Child," and formerly a prolific contributor to magazine literature ; S. B. Beckett, author of " Hester," a narrative and descriptive poem of considerable merit. Mr. Beckett is a good prose writer and statistician, and has for a number of years prepared and published the directories of Portland. Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen has written poems that have had a wide circulation, both in book form and through the periodicals of the day. She is among the most sprightly and original of newspaper correspondents. Her poem, " Rock Me to Sleep, Mother," is one of deserved popu- larity. A critic remarks, " Much of her poetry is really exquisite." In her contribution and correspondence she wrote under the no7n de plume of " Florence Percy." A volume of her fugitive poems appeared in Portland just before her marriage to Mr. Akers, whom she accompanied to Italy, and buried there. She is now on the editorial staff of one of the daily papers of Portland. Mr. D. C. Colesworthy has written quite a large number of volumes. Among them are " Chronicles of Casco Bay," 1850; "Old Bureaus," ISlU ; '■ Hints on Common Polite- ness," 1867, and many more. Among writers of talcs and romance are J. H. Ingrahani and Charles P. Ilsley, whose tales of Indian warfare and frontier life in Maine have been very popular. Of this class also are Mrs. Clara Barnes Martin, who wrote " Mount Desert," the " Little Nortons," and others; Mrs. Margaret J. M. Sweat, in " High-Ways aud By-Ways," " Ethel's Love Life," etc. ; Mrs. Elizabeth (Payson) Prentice, aud Mrs. Ann S. Stephens, the prolific novel-writer, who lived at one time in Portland, though born in Derby, Couu. ; Mrs. W. H. Alderdice, author of a new novel called " Heart's Delight." Edward Payson, son of the eloquent divine. Rev. Dr. Payson, has published a popular novel entitled " Doctor Tom.' Rev. Elijah Kel- logg is the author of many instructive and u.seful books for boys, and of romances founded on the incidents of pioneer life in this portion of Maine, very readable and instructive. Other writers are George Payson and Mrs. Samuel Cole- man ; Bishop Horatio Southgate has written travels ; Prof. Edward S. Morse has gained distinction as a lecturer and writer of works on natural history. We give in addition to the above the following catalogue of books and authors of this county : Rev. Cyril Pearl, " Youth's Book," " Spectral Visitants ;" Rev. C. Soule, " Questions on Upham's Mental Philosophy ;" William D. Warren, " School Geography and Atlas," " Household Con- secration and Baptism ;" J. O'Donnell, " Juryman's Guide;" Miss Morrill, " Blacklyn Swamp;" D. C. Colesworthy, " My Minister," " Sketches of the Character of Rev. Charles Jenkins;" Rev. C. C. Burr, " Neal Ronello," " Discourse on Revivals ; " Rev. George Quinby, " Sermons and Prayers by Fifteen Universalist Clergymen ;" Daniel D. Smith, " Lectures on Domestic Duties ;" Mrs. D. Reed, " Wild Flowers ;" Rev. L. L. Sadler, " Lectures on the Prophecy of Daniel," " Catechism on Matthew's Gospel, in Two Parts ;" Rev. Jason Whitman, " Helps for Young Christians," " The Sunday-School," " Discourses on the Lord's Prayer," "Young Men's Assistant," "Young Ladies' Aid ;" E. B. Fletcher, " Man Immortal," " The National Book of the Sabbath ;" William Smith, " New Elementary Algebra;" Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr., "Maine Townsman and Probate Manual;" Simon Grceuleaf, nine volumes of "Maine Reports;" Moses Sawyer, " Lieutenant Burn," a novel; Allen H. Weld, "Progressive Grammar," " Pro- gre.ssive Parsing-Book," " New Grammar," " Latin Lessons and Reader;" E. P. We.ston, " Northern Monthly," "Views of Heart and Home ;" J. M. Gould, " History of l-10-29th Maine Regiment ;" Rev. S. M. Putnam, " Prayers from the Scriptures," " Old Divines and the Poets ;" Rev. Samuel Deane, D.D., " Pitchwood Hill," a poeui, and "Geological Dictionary, or New England Farmer," 1790; P. W. Phuumer, "The Carpenter's Guide;" Mrs. C. W. D. Strout, "Slippery Paths;" William Warren, D.D., "These for Those," "Our Indebtedness to Missions," " Twelve Years with Children ;'' William Wirt Virgin, " Supplemental Digest of Maine," pp. 620, 8vo ; Vol. 57, "Maine Reports," pp. 660, 8vo; Vol. 58, "Maine Re- ports," pp. 676, 8vo ; " Maine Civil Officers ;" Walter Wells, " Watcr-Power of Maine ;" Josiah Pierce, " His- tory of Gorham ;" Thomas Laurens Smith, " History of Windham ;" Horatio Southgate, " History of Scarborough ;" Gen. J. Mar.shall Brown, " E.xploring Voyages of Cham- plain in the Gulf of Maine;" George Augustus Wheeler, 51. D., and Henry Warren Wheeler, " History of Bruns- wick, Topsham, and Harpswell ;" Isaac Parsons, " Account of New Gloucester;" Edward Russell, " History of North Yarmouth ;" Augustus W. Corliss, " Old Times ;" H. W. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 117 llichaidsoii, " Paper Money ; A Cullectiun ol' llie Principal Historical Facts Bearino; upon the Current Financial Dis- cussion," D. Appleton & Co., New York, publishers, 1879. Of oificers who have achieved distinction in the navy this county has the honor of recognizing among its citizens Com. Edward Preble, son of Brig. Preble, renowned as the hero of Tripoli ; Rear-Admiral Alden, who fought at Vera Cruz, New Orleans, and Mobile, and Com. George H. Preble, a uaval officer of long and honorable standing. Among reformers may be mentioned Gen. Neal Dow, author of the " Maine Law," the widely-known advocate of temperance on the principle of prohibition. Of Statesmen and orators, native and resident, this county may claim Sargent S. Prentiss, who was born in Portland, but who won his reputation at the South ; William Pitt Fessenden, the distinguished United States Senator and es-Secretary of the Treasury ; Hon. George Evans, formerly United States Senator from this State ; Hon. Israel Wash- burn, Jr., whose long services in Congress and able admin- istration as Governor during the early part of the war of the Rebellion place him among the most honored citizens ; Hon. George T. Davis, ex-uiember of Congress from Mas- sachusetts, and a gentleman of brilliant reputation, both as an orator and conversationalist. To these names should be added those of many eloquent advocates and divines, espe- cially that of Rev. Dr. Edward Payson, early pastor of the Second Parish, who was the most eloquent preacher of New England, and perhaps of the United States in his day. Fuller notice of some of these men will be found in other portions of this work. CHAPTER XXL THE MEDICAL PKOFESSION. Early Physicians — Maine Medical Association — Cumberland County Medical Society — Portland School for Medical Instruction— Maine General Hospital. Dr. Ammi-Ruha.mah (Gutter, son of William and Re- becca Cutter, was born in Cambridge, Mass., May (!, 1705, and graduated at Harvard College in 1725. He was ordained the first parish minister in North Yarmouth, Nov. 8, 1730; married Dorothy, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Stock- man) Bradbury ; was dismissed iiom the church in 1735, on account of Arminian opinions ; after his dismissal he practiced medicine in North Y'armouth, and later had charge of the "truck-house" at Saco. While there it is said he prepared a dictionary of the Indian language, although the Work appears not now to be extant. He was captain of a company in the Louisbourg expedition, and died of fever there March, 1746. (^ His eldest son and namesake was physician-genei'al of the American army during the Revolution. He was born March 14, 1734-35, and died in Portsmouth, Dec. 18, 1820. Levi Cutter, a grandson of the elder Dr. Cutter, was the fourth mayor of Portland, 1834-40. Dr. Samuel Moody was a surgeon in the army in the war of 1722, and afterwards received a military appoint- ment. He died at Brunswick, in 1758. where he was com- manding officer at Fort George. He wa.^ Imiii Ocl. 29, 1699, and graduated at Harvard College in 1718. Dr. Nathaniel Coffin, Dr. John Lowther, and Dr. Edward Watts were among the physicians in Portland, or upon the Neck, prior to the Revolution. Dr. Nathaniel Jones was a physician of considerable /- promise, residing on Cape Elizabeth. He came from Ips- wich, Mass., and was in successful practice when tlie war of the Revolution broke out. He enlisted as a surgeon in the Bagaduce expedition, in which he contracted di.sease, of which he died soon after iiis return. Dr. Watts married Polly Oxnard, of Boston, in May. 1765, and came to Portland about that time. The first physician who settled in Brunswick was Samuel Gyles, who practiced there for a short time previous to his death, 1738. He came from Salisbury, Mass. The next physician was William Spear, son of Robert Spear, one of the early settlers. The period of Dr. S]iear's practice is not certainly known, but he is believed to have commenced about 1740. Dr. Phineas Nevers was in Brunswick from 1755 to 1765, and perhaps longer. Nothing is known of him as a physician. Dr. Samuel Duncan came to Brunswick from Topshani in 1770, and was in practice until his death, in 1784. He was a young man, but was called a skillful physician, and he had an extensive practice. He lived at New Meadows. Dr. Ebenczer II. Goss came to Brunswick during the Revolution. He lived at Maquoit until 1804, when he moved to the village, and soon after moved to Paris, Me. He had an extensive practice, and was accounted a good physician. Dr. Balthazar Stilkey was a Hessian surgeon, who came over with Burgoyne's forces, and after the war (about 1790) settled in Brunswick, near the present residence of Mr. Martin Storer, north of Cook's Corner. He practiced there for several years. But little is known of him. He is said to have been something of a quack. Dr. Jonathan Richardson Parker was in Brunswick for one or two years only, about 1799. Dr. Jonathan Page came to Brunswick in 1795, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1800. His practice soon became extensive, and continued increasingly so until his death, in 1842. He held a highly respectable rank in his profession. His re.sidencc was for many years in the house just south of the Mason Street church. Dr. Isaac Lincoln moved to Brunswick from Topsham in 1820. He enjoyed a very extensive practice until a short time before his death, in 186S. He held a high rank in his profession. He was a graduate of Harvard College. ISOU, and is supposed to have been the first physician in Brunswick who had received a collegiate education. John D. Lincoln, .son of Dr. Isaac Lincoln, was a gradu- ate of Bowdoin College, class of 1843, and of the Medical School of Maine, cla.ss of 1846. He practiced in Bruns- wick from 1846 till within a few weeks of his death, in 1877. He was a most excellent physician, and his practice extended into many of the neighboring towns, and even to more remote portions of the State. Other phvsicians in Brunswick, for a short linii' only, 118 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. h.-ivc beiMi .). D. Wells, 1829; Cu.slanaii, 18;!G; J. E. Shaw, 1857 ; T. S. Poster, 18G4; J. B. Soto, 1871 to 1873. Of those now residing in iJrunswiek, Asher Ellis com- menced practice in Brunswick in 1842, Nathaniel T. Pal- mer in 1845, Alfred Mitchell in 18G5, and Daniel P. Ellis in 1866. Although the town of Uaipswcll has been unable to rciiti9s Melleii, Portland, 1S18.» Albion K. I'arris, Porllnnd, 1827-28, rcsigncd-t William I'itt Fossciidun, Portland, I8o4-(>'J. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. l"9-l-isn6.— Peleg Wadsworth, Portland. 1806.— Daniel llsley, Portland. 1808. — Ezckicl Whitman, New Gloucester. 1810. — William Widgery, New (iloucester. 1812-14. — Ocorge Bradbury, Portland. 1816-22. — Ezekicl Whitman, Portland, resigned. 1822.— Mark Harri.=, Portland, to fill the vacancy. 1823.— Stephen Longfellow, Portland. • 1825-31. — John Anderson, Democrat, Portland. 183.3-3". — l-'rancis 0. .1. .Smith, Democrat, Portland. 1839. — Albert Smith, Democrat, Portland. 1841.— William Pitt Fe.«senden, Whig, Portland. 1843-45. — Robert P. Dunlap, Democrat, Brunswick. 1847.- A. W. II. Clapp, Democrat, Portland. 1849.— Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Democrat, Bridgton. 1851. — John Appleton, Democrat, Portland. 1853. — Samuel Mayall, Democrat, Gray. 1855-57. — John M. Wood, Republican, Portland. 1859. — Charles J. (iilman. Republican, Brunswick. 1863.— L. D. M. Sweat, Democrat, Portland. 1865-71.— John Lynch, Republican, Portland. 1877. — Thomas B. Heed, Republican, Portland. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. William Pitt Fesscnden, Pmthind, 1864. ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES. Nathan Clifford, Portland, 1846. JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Nathan Clifford, Portland, 1S5S4 UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT. Nathan Clifford, Portland, 1S58-69. George F. .Sheplcy, Portland, 1S69, till his death. CLERKS. John Mussey, Portland, 1S19-49. Pitt Preble, Portland, 1849.^ UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT. Willi. Albion K. Parris, Portland, 1818-22. Ashur Ware, Portland, 1822-60. Edward Fo.t, Portland, 1866. § John Mu.'isey, Portland, 1819-48. George F. Emery, Portland, 1848-76. A. II. Davis, Portland, 1876. USITEB STATES lllSTIUrT ATTORNEYS. Daniel Davis, Portland, 1790-1801. William Pitt Preble, Portland, 1814-20. John Anderson, Portland, 1833-37. Joseph Howard, Portland, 1837-41. John Holmes, Portland, 1841-43. Augustine Haines, Portland, 1845-48. George F. Sheplcy, Portland, 1848-49. Thomas A. Deblois, Portland, 1849-53. » Elected to take the place of Eli P. Ashmun. t John Holmes, Alfred, elected to fill the vacancy, t Still holding the office (1879), in his seventy-seventh year, and the twenty-second year of his judicial services. H Still in the active discharge of the duties of his office. (ieorgc F. .'*lu.pU-.v, Porlland. IR.W-f.l. George F. Talbot, Portland, 1861-09. Nathan Webb, Portland, I870-7S. Wilbur F. Lunt, Portlan.l, 1 878. INITKI) STATES MARSHALS. John Hobley, Portland, 1794. William Paine, Portland, 1849. John D. Kinsman, Portland. Is 11. B. B. Murray, Portlan.l. REGLSTER IN UANKUI'PTCY. James D. Fessendcn, Portland, May 28, 1807. UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS. William H. Clifford, Portland, April 24, 1862. Edward M. Rand, Portland, March 22, 1866. Nathan Webb, Portland, March 22, 1860. JBERS OP THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OE ) BERLAND COUNTY, Oct. 29, 1819. \INE FROM CUM- The following are those only who signed the Constitution. Scarborough. — Benjamin Larrabee, Jr., Joseph Fogg. North Yarmouth. — William Buxton, Ephraim Sturdevant, Jeremiah Buxton. Falmouth. — Peter M. Knight, Nathan Bucknam. Brunswick. — Robert D. Dunning, Jonathan Page, Benjamin Tit- comb. Harps well. — Stephen Purrington. son, Brunswick, 1835-39. LAXD-AGENTS. James Irish, Gorham, 1824. JUDICIARY. SUPRE.MK JUDICIAL COURT. CHIEF JUSTICES. Prentiss Mellon, Portland, July 1, 1820, to Oct. 22, 1834. Ezekicl Whitman, Portland, Dec. 10, I84Ij resigned, Oct. 23, 1848. Ether Shepley, Portland, Oct. 23, 1848, to Oct. 22, 1855. ASSOCIATE .JUSTICES. William Pitt Preble, Portland, July 1, 1820; resigned June 18, 1828. Albion K. Parris, Portland, June 25, 1828 ; resigned Aug. 20, 1836. Nicholas Emery, Portland, Oct. 22, 1834, to Oct. 21, 1841. Ether Shepley, Saco,* Sept. 23, 1836 ; .appointed chief justice Oct. 23, 1848. Samuel Wells, Portland, Sept. 28, 1847 : resigned March 31, 1854. Joseph Howard, Portland, Oct. 23, 1848, to Oct. 22, 1855. Woodbury Davis, Portland, Oct. 10, 1855; removed April, 1856. Edward Fo.t, Portland, Oct. 24, 1862; resigned 1863. Charles W. Walton, Portland, May 14, 1862; re-appointed May 14, 1869. William G. Barrows, Brunswick, March 27, 1863 ; reappointed March 24, 1870, and March 24, 1877. William Pitt Virgin, Portland, Dee. 26, 1872. REPORTERS OF DECISIOXS. Sept. 2, 1829.— Simon Greenleaf, Portland, vols. 1 to 9. Feb. 7, 1856.— John M. Adams, Portland, vols. 41 and 42. ■• Removed to Portland. CHAPTER XXII L LEOISL ATTIRES OP MAINE. Senators and Representatives from Cumberland County since the Admission of the State in 1820. SENATE, 1821. Joseph E. Foxeroft, New Glouces- Jonathan Page, Brunswick, ter. Barrett Potter, Portland. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Bridgton, Phinehas Ingalls. Brunswick, David Dunl.ap. Dan- iel Stone. Cape Elizabeth, Eben. Thrasher. Durham, Allen H. Cobb. Falmouth, John AVait. Freeport, Solomon Dennison. Gorham, James Irish, Toppan Robie. Gray, Peter Whitney, Harpswell, Stephen Purrington. Minot, Asaph Howard. New Gloucester, Isaac Gross. North Yarmouth, Ephraiin Stur- derant, Edward Russell. Portland, Nicholas Emery, Asa Clapp, Simon Greenleaf. Pownal, Isaac Cushman. Poland and Danville, Josiah Dunn, Jr. Raymond and Otisficld, Zacha- riah Leach. Standish, Theodore Mussey. Scarborough, Cyrus Libby. Windham, Daniel Hall. Westbrook, Silas Estes. SENATE, 1822. George Bradbury, Portlai Josiah Pierce, Gorham. Wm. Bu.iton, North Yarmouth. Brunswick, Robert P. Dunlap. Bridgton, John Perley. Baldwin, William Fitch. Cumberland, Eph. Sturdevant. Cape Elizabeth, Lemuel Cobb. Durham, Allen H. Cobb. Danville, Ebenezer Witham. Freeport, Samuel Porter. Falmouth, Edmund Knight. Gorham, Lothrop Lewis. Gray, Timothy Weymouth. Harpswell, John Curtis. HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES. Minot, Godfrey Gr North Yarmouth, Edw. Russell. New Gloucester, AA'm. Bradbury. Otisfield, Jonathan Britton. Portland, Isaac Adams, Asa Clapp, Dudley Todd. Raymond, Zaehariah Leach. Scarborough, Benjamin Milliken, Jr. Standish, Mark White. Westbrook, James Means. Windham, Moses Little. SENATE, 1823. n. Buxtou, North Yarmouth. Sylvanus Higgins iiah Dunn, Jr., Poland. bcth. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Brunswif, Robert P. Dunlap. Bridgton, John Perley. Baldwin, William Fitch. Cumberland, Eph. Sturdevant. Cape Elizabeth, Lemuel Cobb. Durham, Allen H. Cobb. Freeport, Edmund Pratt. Falmouth, Edmund Knight. Gorham, Seward Merrill. Gray, Timothy Weymouth. Harpswell, Benjamin Randall. Harrison, Jacob Emerson. Minot, Willard H. AVoodbury. New Gloucester, Isaac Gross. North Y'armouth, Edward Rus- sell. Portland, Isaac Adams, Asa Clapp, Dudley Todd. Poland, James Twitchell. Pownal, Benjamin Mitchell. Raymond, Zaehariah Leach. Scarborough, Benj. Larrabce, Jr. Westbrook. John Jones. Windham, John Eveleth. John Anderson, Portland. Josiah Dunn, Jr., Poland SENATE, 1824. Robert P. Dunlap, Bi HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Brunswick, Roger Merrill. Bridgton, Theodore Ingalls. Baldwin, AVilliam Fitch. Cumberland, Ephraim Sturdc Klizabclh, l.c .1 Cobb. Danville, John Penlcy. Durham, Allen H. Cobb. Freeport, Joseph Dennison. Falmouth. AVilliam Sanborn. Gorham, Seward -Merrill. Gray, Clement H. Humphrey. 128 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Harpswoll, Benjamin Kandall. iMinot, Willarcl 11. Wnodbury. New Gloucester, Simeon Parsons. North Yarmouth, Eilw. Kusscll. Otisliolil, Jonathan Britton. l*ortlann. (i IkMij. K. Xiiltcr, Cape KVmiU I'liilun.ler T..li,i;ii), Uiirrison. Biiilglon, Uonjamin T. Chase. Brunswick, Francis C. Jordan. Capo Elinabcth, Thos. B. Haskell Cuniljcrland, AV'illiaiu P. York. Dcoring, .John M. .\(lains. Ijorham, Frederick Robio. Gray, George A. iMorrill. llarpswell, Daniel R. Stover. Otistield. Jonathan Wardwell, Jr. HOUSE OF KEPllE.SKNTATIVES. Portland, Henry B. Cleaves, Isaac Jackson, George C. Little- field, Joseph A. Locke, .Jacob .*. Winsloiv. Pownal. Henry M. Warren. Raymond, Charles X. Wilson. .•^tandish, John h. Chase. Wcstbrook, William L. Warren. Windham, John T. Fellows. Yarmouth, William Af. Thomas. SENATE, 1878. James Bailey, Portland. Warren H. Vinton, Gray. William G. Davis, Portland. Philander Tolman, Harrison. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Baldwin. Ebenez.cr Sawyer. Bridgton. (icorgo Taylor. Brunswick, .Stephen J. Y'oung Cape Elizabeth, liunjamin Fickctt. Deering, John M. Adams. Falmouth, C.xlvin S. True. I'reeport, George A. Davis, (iorham, Frederick Robie. Harrison, John W. Caswell. New Gloucester, Wm. 11. Tru North Yarmouth, (jcorge M. Solders. Portland, Jacob S. Winslow, W. Chas. McLaughlin, Roswoll M. Richardson, Edmund Daim, Jr., Lewis Pierce. Raymond, Charles N. Wilson. Scarborough, Aug. F. Moulton. Wcstbrook, Charles E. Boody. Windham, l,indley M. AVcbb. SENATE, 1879. rcn II. Vinton, Gray. W. Thomas, Jr., Portland. Andrew llawes, Deering David Duran, Casco. HOUSE OF REPRESENT.\TIVES. Bridgton, Rufus Gibbs. Brunswick, Steplien J. Young. Cape Elizabeth, Benj. W. Fickett. Casco, George Murch. Cumberland, Sam'l M. Brackctt. I>eering, Xehemiah .Smart. Frceport, Josiah P. Merrill. Gorham, William Guptill (2d). Gray, Edward Cobb. Portland, Joseph A. Locke, Ed- mund Dana, Jr., Melvin P. Frank, Darius 11. Ingraham, Frederick Fox. Scarborough, Aug. F. Moulton. Sebago, Edwin S. Poor. Standi^h, Tobias Lord, Jr. Wcstbrook, Merritt W. Stiles. AVindham, Andrew J. Morrill. ' Yarmouth, William W. Thomas. CHAPTER XXIV. COUNTY CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LIST. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.* This court was established in York County in 1699, and was continued there and in this county till 1811. On the * The judges of the Common Pleas who were in office at the time of the separation of the State from Massachusetts, in 1820, retained their offices until 1H22, when a new act was passed reorganizing the court and establishing one Court of Common Pleas for the whole State. Under this act Ezckiel Whitman, of Portland, was appointed Chief Justice and Samuel E. Smith, of Wiscasset, and David Pcrham, of Bangor, Associates. Another change was made in the system in \XS'J, by which the Stnto was divided into districts, and five judges of equal rank were appointed. Judge Whitman received the appointment for the Western District, which embraced the counties of Y'ork, Cumber- land, Oxford, and Franklin, and held it till his appointment in 1841, as chief justice of the Supreme Court, in the place of Chief Justice Weston. division ufthn cuniity, in 1700, John Minot, Iv/.ckini Cush- ini;;, Enoch Freeman, and Edward Millikeu were appointed justices. Tlie foUowinj; will .siiow the judsios of this court and the time of tiieir service ; .John Minot, 17(10-01; Ezekiol Cashing, 1760-04: Enoch Freeman 1760-88; Edward .Milliken, 1760-71; Jeremiah Powell, 1763-81 Alexander Ross, 176B-67; Moses Pearson, 1770-75; Jonas Mason 177.1-77; Solomon Lombard, 1776-81; David Mitchell, 1778-8« John Lewis, 1782-1803; Jedediah Preble, 1782-83 ; Josiah Thatchei 1784- 09; William Gorham, 1789-1804; Stephen Longfellow, 1797- 1811; Robert Southgate, 1801-11 ; .lohn Frothingham, 1804-11. CIRCUIT COURT OP COMMON PLEAS. Benjamin Greene, Judah Dana, 1812-22 ; William Widgery, 1813- 22. COURT OP GENERAL SESSIONS OF THE PEACE. This was the oldest court in CumbeHand County. It was extended to Falmouth from York for one session a year in 1735. When the county was divided it was continued here till 1808, when itwas superseded by the Court of Ses- sions. It was composed of all the justices of the peace in the county, who are called in the records " His Majesty's Justices of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for Cumberland County." The officer authorized to implead before them was at first called a " King's Attorney," but afterwards, about the time of the Revolution, a " State's Attorney." This court was " empowered to hear and deter- mine all matters relating to the conservation of the peace and the punishment of offenders, to grant licenses, lay out high- ways," etc. We give from the records the following list of justices of this court : 1760.— John Minot, Ezekiel Cashing, Enoch Freeman, Edward Mil- liken, Jonas Mason, Stephen Longfellow. 1701.— William Simonton, William Livermorc, Daniel Farnham. 1762. — Jeremiah Powell, William Woodside. Solomon Lombard. 1763.— Alexander Ross. 1764. — David Mitchell, William Sylvester, William Tompson. 1765-67. — The above named without any additional members a[ipear upon the bench. 1768.— Daniel Epes, Theophilus Bradbury, William Tyng. 1769-72.— All the above, with the addition of Moses Pearson. 1773.— David Wyer, Richard King. 1774.— W^illiam Gorham. 1775. — Samuel Freeman, John Lewis, Joshua Fabyan, Peter Noyes, David Strout, Enoch Moody. 1776. — Ephraim Jones, Isaac Parsons, Nathaniel Purrington. 1777. — Jedediah Preble, Aaron Hinckley. Nathaniel Jones, Clement Jordan. 1778.- Edward Russell. 1779. — AVo find the bench occupied by most of those above named. 17S0-S3.— Joseph McLellan, Richard Codman, John Waite. Edmund Phiuney, Samuel Small. 1784.— John Doane, Robert Southgate, George Pcircc. 1785.— Josiah Thatcher. 1786.— John Frothingham, Samuel Merritt. 1787. — Daniel Davis, Benjamin Dunning. 1788-90.- Stephen Hall, David Mitchell, Joseph Noyes, William Widgery, Nathaniel Larrabeo, Tchabod Bonncy, Isaac Snow. 1791. — .Samuel Calef, John Cashing, Joseph Hooper. 1792-93.— John Peterson, Paul Little, Samuel Merrill. 1794. — .Andrew Dunning, Enoch Perley. 1795.— George Lewis, John Turner, William Martin. I'c-tcr T. Smith. 1796-98.— John Greenwood, Samuel P. Kussull, Pelcg Chahdicr, Jr., Samuel Russell. 1798— Most of the above, with the addition of Ammi R. .Mitchell, Stephen Purrington, Benj. Dunning, Elisha AVilliams. 1799. — The same names appear as before. 1800.— .Michael Little, Pelatiah March, Daniel SU)well, Gustavua COUNTY CIVIL AND JUDICIAL LIST. 135 Adolphus Goss, ArclK-luiis Lewis, Samuel Paris, Kbcnezer Thrasher, Cyrus Hamblen, Luther Cary. 1801.— Nathaniel C. Allen, .-^auiuel Davis, .Moses Merrill, .Tonah Feirce, Woodbury Storcv, Osgood Carleton, William Martin, Ebenezer Mayo. IS02.— The same, with the addition of Samuel Farnswcirth, Lothrop Lewis, Josiah Burnaiu, Jesse Rice. 1803-4. — Caleb Prentiss, Thomas Thomas, James Prince, Arvida Ilayford. 1805. — Moses Merritt, Audrew R. Geddings, Theodore Mussey, John Frothingham, Timothy Pike, Joseph Foxcroft, Charles Cof- fin, John Perry, Joseph C. Boyd, Jacob Mitchell. 1807. — A full bench of the above-named, with the additional name of James Paine. Tlie presiding justices of this court were the following: John Minot, 17fiO-fi2: Jeremiah l>owell, ITe.'i-TT ; Jedediah Preble, 1777-711: Euoidi Freeman, 1779-89; David Mitchell, 1789-91; William (iorhiim, 1791-92; David Mitchell, I792-1S0S. CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF SESSIONS. Isaac Parsons, 1808-10; Stephen Longfellow, 1810-11; Isaac Par- sons, 1811-12; Benjamin Greene, 1814-20 ; Ammi R.Mitchell, 1820-21; Woodbury .«torer, 1821-25; Isaac Adams, 1825-26; Edward Little, 1826-28 ; Asoph Howard, 1828-30. ASSOCIATE .lUSTICES OF THE COURT OF SESSIONS. Joseph Fo.\croft, William Hasty, 1808-10; Robert Southgate, John Frothingham, 1810-11 ; Theodore Mussey, Joseph V. Boyd, Wil- liam Hasty, 1811-12; Theodore Mussey, William Hasty, Jona- than Stone, Woodbury Storer, 1812-U; Judah Dana, William Widgery, Ammi R. Mitchell, Lothrop Lewis, 1814-20: Peleg Chandler, Woodbury Storer, Phinchas Ingalls, 1820-21 : Peleg Chandler, Phinehas Ingalls, William Hasty, ,Secumb Jordan, 1821-25; Phineas Ingalls, Asaph Howanl, 1825-28; As.aph Howard, James Irish, 1828-30. 1 831.. 1832.. 1833.- 1834.. 1835. 1836. 1837.. 1838.. 1839.. IS40. 1841.. 1842.- 1843.. 1844.. 1846.- 1847.- 1848.- 1849.- 1850.- 1851.- 1852.- 1853.- 1864.- 1855.- COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, Charles Fo.\, Edmund Mann. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, Charles Fox, Edmund Mann. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, Charles Fox, Edmund Mann. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, Charles Fox, John Andrews. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, Edmund Mann, Stephen Webb. -Philip Eastman, Chairman, John Andrews, Stephen Webb. -John Andrews, Chairman (June term), Stej)hen Webb, Chair- man (December term), Meshach Humphrey. -John McKeen, Chairman, Solomon Andrews, Thomas B. Little. -Stephen Webb, Jr., Chairman, John Andrews, Joseph Cross. -Stephen Webb, Jr., Chairman, John Andrews, Joseph Cross. -Thomas B. Little, Chairman, Joseph S. Jewett, Robert U. Kendall. -Joseph Cross, Chairman, Charles Hannaford, Lemuel Rich. -Charles Hannaford, Chairman, Richard Greenleaf, Ezra Tobie. -Charles Hannaford, Chairman, Richard Greenleaf, Lemuel Rich. -Charles Hannaford, Chairman, Richard Greenlciif, Lemuel Rich. -Lemuel Rich, Chairman, Richard Greenleaf, Daniel Merrill. -Richard Greenleaf, Chairman, Daniel Merrill, Daniel M. Cook. -Dan'l Merrill, Chairman, Dan'l M. Cook, Abiezer S. Freeman. -Daniel M. Cook, Chairman, Abiezer S. Freeman, Stephen L. Waterhouse. -Daniel M. Cook, Chairman, Stephe L. Waterhouse, Richard Dr. Chair •d Dr rd Dr -Stephen L. Waterho Andrews. -Stephen L. Waterhou.se, Chai Andrews. -Lemuel Andrews, Chairman, Seth Storer, Thomas B. Little. -Seth Storer, Chairman, William Paine, Ebenezer Wells. -William Paine, Chairman, Seth Storer, Anson Jordon. -Anson Jordiin. Chairman, William Paine, Samuel Thing. -Anson J.ir.lau, Chairman, .Samuel Thing, George Libliy. 1858.. 1859.- 1860.- 1861.- 1862.- 1863.- 1864.- 1.S65.- 1866.- 1867.- 1870.- 1871.. 1872.- 1875.. 1876.. 1877.- 1878.- 1879. -Samuel Thing, Chairman, George Libby, Ellery H. StarbirJ. -Ellery H. Starbird, Chairman, George Libby, Charles C. Cobb. -Ellery H. Starbird, Chairman, Chas. C. Cobb, Jere. Parker. -Chas. C. Cobb, Chairman, Jere. Parker, Nieh. L. Humphrey. -Jere. Parker, Chairman, Nich. L. Humphrey, E. C. Andrews. -Nicholas L. Humphrey, Chairman, E. C. Andrews, Reuben Higgins. -E. C. Andrews, Chairman, Reuben Higgins, Chas. Humphrey. -Reuben Higgins, Chairman, Chas. Ilumphrcv, Caleb A. Chaplin. -Chas. Humphrey, Chairman, Caleb A. Chaplin, James Pcnnell. -Caleb A. Chaplin, Chairman, James Penncll, Miltimore Watts. -James Penncll, Chairman, Miltimore Watts, Oliver D. Dike. -Miltimore Watts, Chairman, Oliver D. Dike, Seward M.Baker. -Oliver D. Dike, Chairman, Seward M. Baker, Wm. B. Skillin. -Seward M. Baker. Chairman, Wm. IJ. Skillin, Oliver D. Dike. -Wm. B. Skillin, Chairman, Geo. E. Ohadhourne, Smith Barber. -George E. Chadbourne, Chairman, Smith Barber, Edwin C. Townsend. -Smith Barber, Chairman, Edwin C. Townsend, William Small. -Edwin C. Townsend, Chairman, Wm. Small, Samuel Dingley. -William Small, Chairman, Samuel Dingley, Solomon Stewart. -Samuel Dingley, Chairman, Solomon Stewart, John L. Swift. -Solomon Stewart, Chairman, Jcdin L. Swift, Jacob Clark. -John L. Swift, Chairman, Jacob Clark, Lcander E. Cram. COUNTY ATTORNEYS. In 17til, William Livermore was appointed hy tlie Court of General Sessions of the Peace " King's Attorney for tlio term." He held the office by successive appointments till 17(55, in which yearTiieophilus Bradbury was appointed. Mr. Bradbury hold the office two years, lacking one teru), and was succeeded by David Wyer, till 1771. Theophilus Bradbury was then appointed, and served through 1771, and was .succeeded by David Wycr in 1772. Mr. Brad- bury served again in 177S, and David Wycr in 1774—75. In 177G, Theophilus Bradbury was appointed ''States Attorney," and held till 1780. In the latter year John Frothingliam was appointed, and continued to officiate till the appointment of Daniel Davis, in 1783. Mr. Davis held the office till 1788, and was superseded one year by Mr. Frothingham, when he was re-appointed and continued till 1792. William Symmes received the appointment in 1792, and continued till 1799, when Salmon Chase was appointed attorney. Mr. Chase .served till 1801, and was succeeded by Isaac Parker from 1801 to 1803, when James D. Hopkins was appointed, and continued till the close of this form of the court in 1808. COl'XTV .\TTOI(XEVS SINCE 1S08. Daniel Lincoln, 1808 ; Augustus Haines, 1836—46 ; Horatio J. Swoscy, 1846-53; Henry P. Deane, 1853-56; Sam'l J. Amirews, 1856-59; Edw.T,rd Fox, 1859-60; Moses M. Butler, I860: Edward W. Fox, 1873; Charles F. Libby, 1873-77; Moses M. Butler, 1877-79: Thomas L. Talbot, 1879. CLERKS OP COURTS. Stephen Longfellow, 1760-73; Samuel Freeman. 1775-lSIl; Joseph C. Boyd. 1811-12; Samuel Freeman, 1812-20; William T. Vaughan, 1820-36; Charles Cobb, 1836-38; Charles Fox, 1838-39 ; Charles Cobb, 1839-41; Charles Fox, 1841-42; Charles Cobb, 1842-40; Charles C. Harmon, pn, leiii., 1846-48; Charles C. Harmon, 1848-54: Robert A. Bird, 1854-55; Obadiah G. Cook, 1855-61; D. W. Fesscnden, 1801-76; Frcilerick J. Little6eld,* 1876-77; D. W. Fessendcn, 1877-79; Alban A. Dennett, 1879. SHERIFFS. Moses Pearson, 1760-68: William Tyng, 1768-75; John Wailo, 177..-IS09; liiehard Hunnewell, 1809-11: Joseph Foxerolt. » Died Mav. Is;s. 136 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1811-12 ; Richard Hunnewdl, 1812-21 ; Joseph E. Foxoroft, 1821-29; Noah Hinkley, 1829-31; Jusiah Dunn, IS3I-38; Jo- seph Smith, 1838-39; J..hn C. Huniphioys, 18,39-41; Joseph Smith, 1811-12; Nathan I,. Woodbury, 1842-45; Wendell P. Smith, 1845-64 : Seward AI. liakcr, 1854-66; Daniel C. Umery, 1850-57; Henry Penliell, :857-61; Thomas Pennell, 1861-05; George W. Parker, 1865-69 ; Eben M. Perry, 1869-73; William L. Pennell, 1873-77 ; William 11. Dresser, 1877. COUNTY TREASURER.S. James .Milk, 1760-73; Kphraim Jones, 1773-76; Enoch Moody, 1776-77; Joseph McLcllan, 1777-1803; Horatio Southgate, 180.3-4; Elias Merrill. 1804-24; Mark Harris, 1824-32 ; Thomas Todd. 1832-34 ; Mark Harris, 1834-40; Royal liincoln, 1840-41 ; Charles B. Smith, 1841-42; John W. Smith, 1842-48; Henry C. Babb, 1848-53; David Dunn, 1853-56 ; Thos. Johnson, 1856-57 ; John A. Waterman, 1857-58; Joseph Libby, 1858-60; Isaac F. Quinhy, 1860-63 ; Thos. Mead, 186.3-65 ; Peter R. Hall, 1865-69 ; Thomas Pennell, 1SI19-75: R. G. Harding, 1875-77; Lewis McLollan, 1877. PROBATE COURT. Till' fnlluwiiig is a list of the judges and registers, with the ye;us in which tliey pertbrnied their duties : .Samuel Waldo, 1700-71 ; Enoch Freeman, 1771-82 ; William Gorham, 1782-1805; Samuel Freeman, 1805-20; Albion K. Parris, 1820- 23; Barrett Potter, 1823-47; Josiah Pierce, 1847-57; William G. Barrows,* 1857-63; John A. Waterman, 1863-76; Nathan Cleaves, 1876-SO. ItKCISTKUS OF I'KOBATE. J. Stockbridge, 1700-62; Stephen Longfellow, 1762-75; Samuel Free- man, 1775-18(14 ; John Frothingham, 1804-15; Horatio South- gate, 1815-30 ; N. G. Jewett, 1836-38 ; Alvah Sweetsir, 1838-39 ; John L. Meguire, 1839-40; .John Appleton, 1840-41; Alvah Sweetsir, 1841-42; John Appleton, 1842-45; C. C. Tobie, 1845- 49; Freeman Bradford, 1849-53; Aaron B. Holden, 1853-54; Charles Harris, 1854-55; Aaron B. Holden, 1856-60; Eugene Humphrey, 1860-66; Aaron B. Holdon, 1866-68; Edward R. Staples, 1808-72; William K. Neal, 1872-76: Horace J.Brad- bury, 1876-80. CHAPTER XX Y. EARLY MILITARY HISTORY. Fort Loyal— Colonial Militia— War of 1812-14— Later Militia Organ- izations — State Militia to the War of the Rebellion. Fort Loyal was erected at Falmouth, on the point at the foot of King Street, in 1679. Upon the resettlement of the place after the first Indian war, it became an object of deep interest with the inhabitants, in which the govern- ment strongly sympathized, to provide for the future safety of the settlement. It was in some degree a frontier post, and the safety of all the plantations in the province de- pended upon its preservation. Therefore the General Assembly in 1681 made application to the General Court of Ma.ssacliusetts to make further provision for its security. In answer to this jietition the court granted that, in case of a defensive war, the whole revenue accruing to the chief proprietor should he appropriated for the safety of the in- habitants, and that the annu:il revenue arising from trade with the Indians should be applied to the maintenance of Fort Loyal ; the appointment of the captain, as well as the * Resigni'il Mareli 27. 1803, to nccopi a place on the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court uf the State. Other militia, being still reserved, as the charter appoints, in the power of the chief proprietor. It was further ordered that the arrearages of the captiiin and garrison at Fort Loyal be forthwith pa.ssed by tiie President to the treasurer for payment. Tiiis order was laid before the council of the province, who authorized the treasurer, Captain Hooke, of Saco, to pay Capt. Tyng his salary as commander of Fort Loyal, at the rate of si.xty pounds per annum for himself and servant, till May following, and to furnish necessary supplies for the garrison. They also ordered six men to be raised for tlie present supply of the garrison, — two from Kittery, one from each of the towns of York, Wells, and Falmouth, and one from Saco, Scarborough, and Cape Por- poise. In pursuance of the grant of revenue arising from the Indian trade, Walter Gendall, the Indian agent, was called upon to pay to the treasurer '■ twenty pounds, or as much as he has.'' The whole garrison in 1681 consisted of thirteen men, part of whom were supported by Massachusetts. The General Court this year appointed a committee, consisting of Maj. Pinehon, Maj. Savage, and Mr. Newell, together with " some of the brethren of the department," to inquire concerning the present condition of the province of Maine and the settlement of Fort Loyal, and to consider what was further necessary to be done for the maintenance thereof, and report the same to the court in the afternoon. f In 1682, for the further support of Fort Loyal, a tax was levied upon all the saw-mills of the province, aud an agree- ment was made with Lieut. Brackett to keep the fort for one year ensuing from the 24th of May, 1682, for one hundred and sixty pounds. An inventory of the saw-mills of JIaine at that time, with the tax levied upon them, showed the following : WKI.LS MILLS. Lieut. Littletield"s £4 Joseph Littlelield's 2 William Frost's 1 Mousam Mill 6 Kenncbunk Mill .'.... 4 £17 CAI'E rORI'OlSK. Mary Sayward's £5 , Phanea Hull's £2 Cape Nuttacke 1 10». j Gilbert Endio. .It's 1 MILLS \T KITTKUV. Mr. Hutchinson £10 Salmon Falls Mills 10 Humphrey Chadbourne's 4 Major Sha]>leigh's 1 10/<. £25 10«. YORK MILLS *.\t-^ /i/<:^Y^rvt/y>, CUMBERLAND IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. and influential part in the affairs of the town, of which he was often an officer, and wliich, before the separation in 1820, lie represented for four years in the General Court. His father, a soldier of the Revolution, and his grandfather (who had removed to Raynham, Ma.ss.) were prominent men in that part of the commonwealth, both having been on many occasions members of the Legislature or " General Court," as it was called, and the latter having been a mem- ber of the convention which adopted the first constitution of the commonwealth. Mr. Washburn's mother was a daughter of Samuel Ben- jamin, a native of Watertown, Mass., and a lieutenant in the Revolution, who served from the battle of Lexington to the surrender of Cornwallis, and was in both engagements. Her mother was Tabitha Livermore, of Waltham, Mass., an aunt of the late Hon. Isaac Livermore, of Cambridge. Their children are: Israel, the subject of this notice; Algernon S., a merchant and banker, who recently died at Ilallqwell, Me. ; Elihu B., a representative in Congress for sixteen years from Illinois, secretary of state, and minister plenipoten- tiary to France; Cadwallader C., LL.D., a representative in Congress from Wisconsin for ten years, major-general of volunteers in the civil war, and Governor of the State of Wisconsin ; Charles A., an editor in San Francisco, minister resident at Paraguay, and author of a voluminous history of that country ; Samuel B., a captain in the volunteer navy of the United States in the civil war, and now residing at the family homestead of the Norlands in Livermore; Wm. I)., of Minneapolis, president of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad, and representative in Congress from Minne- sota ; and three daughters and a son, who died in infancy. Israel Washburn, Jr., received a classical education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1834. He commenced the practice of law, at Orono, in the county of Penobscot, in December of that year, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1842. He was a representa- tive in Congress from the Penobscot district for the Thirty- second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Tliirty- sixth Congresses, serving, while in that body, as chairman of the Committee on Elections, as member of the Commit- tees of Ways and Means, of the Pacific Railroad, and of less important committees. He was Governor of the State of Maine in 1861 and 1862, and declined a re-eloetion. It was during his first year's service that the war of the Rebellion was begun ; there was no military organization, or at most a merely nominal one in the State at the time, and it was necessary to create one. For more than a year nearly the entire work of raising, uniforming, equipping, and arming troops, and transporting them as far as New York City, and defraying the cost thereof fell upon the State government. These duties involved immense labor, and much which in other States, having an active military organization, was not required. After his retirement from the ofEee of Governor, Mr. Washburn, in November, 1863, was appointed by President Lincoln collector of customs for the port of Portland, and soon afterwards removed to that city, where he has since resided. He held this ofiice by successive appoint- ments until the 1st of May, 1877. On the 4th of July, 1865, after the close of the civil war, upon invitation of the municipal autlioritics of Portland, he delivered an oration in that city, in which he di.scus.sed at length the questions : From what, through what, and to what, the country had been brought by the civil war. He is a?i active member of the Maine Historical Society, and has contributed to its publications a memoir of tlie late Chief Justice Ether Shepley, and an elaborate monograph upon the once exciting question of the Northeastern Boundary of the State, and he has been a not infrequent contributor to the periodical literature of the limes. He wrote the " Notes of Livermore," published in 1874, and in the same year he delivered the historical address at the centennial of the town of Orono, which was al.so published. He is also a member and vice-president of the New Eng- land Historical and Genealogical Society. Mr. Washburn married in October, 1841, Mary JIaud, youngest daughter of Col. Ebenezer Webster, of Orono, by whom he had four children, Israel Henry, a lieutenant in the United States jMarine Corps, Charles Fox, a resident of Minnesota, Ada, and Maud. Mrs. Washburn died in June, 1873. In January, 1876, he married i\Ii,ss Robina Napier, eldest daughter of Benjamin Brown, Esq., now a resident of Aroostook Co., Me. CHAPTER XXVI. CUMBERLAND IN THE "WAR OF THE REBELiLIOBI. ExtraSession uf the Legis1nturc—Uai,«ini' the First Regiments— Gen- eral Order of the Governor— Credit due the Militiii Officers— First Regiment— First Battery. Within a few days after the first rebel guns at Charles- ton had aroused the nation to the fact of an impending civil war, the extent and magnitude of which no one could then foresee, the Legislature of Maine convened in extra session, and on the 25th of April, 1861, passed an act providing for the raising of ten regiments for the service of the United States. These regiments were to be raised as far as practi- cable out of the already existing militia, and by the aid of the officers of the several divisions, who were instructed by a general order of the Governor to proceed at once to the discharge of the duties assigned them. The major-generals of the several divisions, with their respective staffs, were constantly engaged in the service of the State from the 22d of April to the 28th of May, 1861, raising, organizing, and preparing for organization the several regiments within their limits. Their services were promptly and suitably recognized by the commander-in-chief in the following general order : '■ llKAnylAllTKItS, AnJlTA.VT-GKXKIHI.'s OlllCK, AiuusTA, JInv 28, 1861. " General Order No. .'JO. *' The general orders for carrying into effect the act of 2jtb of April, 1861, to authorize the raijing of ten regiments, etc., having been e.Kecuted by the respective major-general!-, so far as tboy were charged therewith, and no further duties remaining to be performed by them at present, under said orders, the commander-in-chief directs that they and their respective stuffs bo discharged from further service, under the orders aforesaid, at their several heaii the ardor for enlistments. This work was carried on mainly by officers of the vol- unteer militia, who brought to their new duties a large amount of experience, acquired in that department. Aiiiong these were Col. Nathaniel J. Jackson, who had acquired a well-earned reputation as a disciplinarian ; Lieut.-Col. Wit- ham, formerly captain of the Portland Light Infatitiy ; Capt. George L. Beal, afterwards colonel of the 10th Regi- ment, who was one of the most active and efficient of those who, at the call of the I'resident, at once united with their commands in making up the 1st Regiment, sent to the front immediately upon the breaking out of the war. Col. Jameson, Lieut.-Col. Roberts, Col. Berry, and the lamented Jhirsliall are names familiar in the old volunteer militia. Col. Jameson, afterwards general in the United States ser- vice, began his military career more than ten years before tlie beginning of the late war as division inspector upon the staff of Maj.-Gen. Cushman, of the then od Division of militia, and was colonel of the only regiment of infantry in the 1st Division at the breaking out of the Rebellion. He had but a short time previou.sly tendered his resignation, but immediately withdrew it upon the first intimation of his being required for active service. Col. Roberts, the lieu- tenant-colonel of the same militia regiment, also served with honor upon Gen. Cushnian's staff, as aide-de-camp. Col. A'^arney, who was chosen major of the 2d Regiment upon its organization, was one of the most acconiplislied soldiers and discipliiiariatis in Company A, formerly the Bangor Light Artilleiy, which was organized in 1853. Capt. Charles S. Emer.son served in the Aroostook war, and before entering the United States service, for the suppression of the Rebellion, was captain of Company II, in the Auburn Light Artillery. Blany others who were trained in the volunteer militia are equally worthy of mention did space permit. The company officers of Gen. Virgin's division, in general, were foremost among those to whom the State and nation are deeply indebted for a zeal and promptness in organizing the first regiments sent to the war. THE FIRST I!K(iIMF,NT OF MAINE I1*h HeaUi, Gorham; com. June 21, lS01,Co. A; disch. Aug. 9, 1861, Capt. Burbank Spiller, Raymond; com. Feb. 1, 1862, Co. C; pro. from K-t and 2d lieuts. Co. K ; disch. March 2:!, 186.3. Capt. Edward W. Thompson, Brunswick ; com. June 24, 1861, Co. D ; res. Sept. 8, 1861. Capt. George P. Sherwood, Portland ; com. June 25, ISO], Co. F ; pro, from 1st lieut. Co. F; res. Jan. 19, 1863. Capt. Henry G. Thomas, Portland; com. June 24, 1861, Co. G; res, Aug. y, 1801. Capt. Thomas J. Sawyer, Portland; com. Sejit. 10, 1861, Co. G; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. G; res. Dec. 3, 1801. Capt. Alburn P. Harris, Portland; com. June 3, 1S62, Co. G; pro. fiom l.-t licut. Co. G; must, out July 27, 1864; severely wounded battle M'ilderncss. Capt. George E. Brown, Portland; com. Get. 10, 1S61, Co. H; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. H ; res. Oct. 19, 1862. Capt. Albert L. Bearing, Portliind; com. Nov. 1, 1862, Co. H; pro, from 1st licut.; disch. Sept. 8, 1863; wounded second Fredericks- burg. Capt. Nathan Walker, Portland; com. Nov, 10, 1 863, Co. I; pro, from 1st and 2d lieuts. Co. F; must, out July 27, 1864. Capt. Daniel C. Clark, Portland; com. Nov. 10, 1863, Co, K; pro. from 1st and 2d lieuts. Co, D; mortally wounded battle Wilder- ness; died May 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. William Merrill, Gorham; com. June 24, 1S6I, Co. A disch. Deo. 10, 1801. 1st Lieut. William E. Stevens, Portland; com. Nov. I, IS62, Co. B pro. from 2d lieut.; must, out July 27, 1S64. 1st Licut. Charles A. Waterhouse, Portland; com. April 13, 1863, Co, C; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. G ; disch. March 11, 1864. 1st Lieut. Joseph Wight, Gorham; com. June 1.3, 1863, Co. E ; pro. from 2d licut. Co. A ; must, out July 27, 1804. 1st Lieut. Orrin B. Stevens, Westbrook ; com. Nov. 10, 1SG3, Co. F pro. from 2d lieut. Co. F; mortally wounded battle Wilderness died May 15, 1864. 1st Lieut. George W. Martin, Portland: com. June 24, 1861, Co, G res. Oct. 13, 1801. 1st Lieut. John C. Summcrsides, Gorham; com. Nov. 10, 1863, Co, G; pro. from 2d licut. Co. E; must, out July 27, 1864. Ist Lieut, Ambrose S. Dyer, Portland; com. June 24, 1801. Co. H died .Sept. 22, 1801. 1st Lieut. Richard C. Shannon, Portland; com. Oct. 10, ISGl, Co. H pro. to cajit, and asst. adj. -gen., Oct. 23, 1802. 1st Lieut. Lewis II. Lunt, Brunswick; com. April 13, 1863, Co. I pro. from 2d lieut. Co. D ; must, out July 27, 1864. 2d Lieut. B'rcderic Speed, Gorham; com. Sept, 10, ISOl, Co, A; pro, to adj. 13th Maine, 2d Lieut. J. Augustine Grcnicr, Portland; com. Dec. 30, 1S02, Co. C trans, to Co. B, 7th Maine. 2d Lieut. Frank G. Patterson, Portland; com. April 13, 1863, Co. D wounded in battle of Wilderness: must, out July 27, 1864. 2d Licut. Robert MoPhcrson, Portland; com. Sept. 10, 1861, Co. G res. Dec. II, 1801. 2d Licut. Samuel Munscm, Portland ; com. June 24, 1S61, Co. H ; res. Aug. 23, 1861. TENTH llEGIMENT. 145 2d Lieut. Smith G. Bailey, Portland; corn. Oct. 1, 1S02, Co. II; died Mn.v 30, 18«2. 2d Lieut. Andrew S. Lyon. New Cilouocfter; com. Ftb. 1, 1802, Co. K ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. K. 2J Lieut. John McLellun. f^aseo; com. .Tune 1.1, I8G:i, Co. K ; trans. to Co. A, rth Maine. nr.«nii:NTAL banh. Jonathan Cole, Portland; Charles G. Young. Portland; Edward N. Cobb, Portland ; Edward M. Gammon, Portland ; James A. Leavitt, Portland; Daniel P. Larry, Gorham ; Daniel M. Wcs- cott, Gorhara ; Francis A. Cloudman, Windham ; Joseph W. Doughty, Windham ; Luther Wiswell, Jr., Windham ; Charles D. Barrett, Portland, Band di.'^charixed by act of Congress, Aug. 7, 1862. CHAPTER XXVII r. TENTH HEGIMENT. Organization — Movements of the Regiment — Casualties in the Service —Official llecord. The 10th Kegitiicnt of Maine Volunteer Infantry may be regarded in one respect a.s a continuation of the 1st Regiment. In the early stages of its organization it was intended to comprise, as far as practicable, the companies of the 1st. This design, however, was but partially real- ized, since six hundred and ninety-seven men out of the eight hundred and eight3'-one in the 10th Regiment were paid bounties as newly-enlisted troops. A portion of the remainder of the 1st Regiment enlisted in the 7th, 8tli, and 9th Regiments, and some were discharged upon the sur- geon's certificate of disability. ROSTER OP THE TEx\TH MAINE REGIMENT AS ORIGINALLY ORGANIZED. Colonel, George L. Beal, Norway. Lieutenant-Colonel, James S. Fillebrown, Lewiston. Major, Charles Walker, Portland. Adjutant, Elijah M. Shaw, Lewiston. Quartermaster, William S. Dodge, Portland. Chaplain, George Knox, Brunswick. Surgeon, Daniel 0. Perry, Portland. Assistant Surgeon, Josiah F. Day, Jr., Portland. Non-Commissioned Staff. — Sergeant- Major, John M. Gould; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Charles F. King; Com- missary-Sergeant, Charles Thompson ; Fife-Major, William Allen ; Drum-Major, Alpheus L. Greene ; Hospital Stew- ard, George J. Northrup; Leader of Band (second lieu- tenant), Daniel H. Chandler. Line Officers. — Company A. — Captain, John Q. Adams ; First Lieutenant, Ephraini M. Littletield ; Second Lieu- tenant, Charles E. Pierce. Company B. — Captain, James M. Bhiek ; First Lieu- tenant, Charles W. Roberts ; Second Lieutenant, Alfred L. Turner. Company C. — Captain, William P. Jordan ; First Lieu- tenant, Benjamin M. Redlon; Second Lieutenant, Benj. F. Whitney. Company D. — Captain, George W. West; First Lieu- tenant, George D. Beardsley ; Second Lieutenant, Henry M. Biuney. 19 Company E. — Captiiin, Albert E. Estes ; First Lieuten- ant, Cyrus Latham ; Second Lieutenant, Andrew C. Cloud- man. Company F. — Captain, Win. Knowlton ; First Lieutenant, Edward S. Butler; Second Lieutenant, Abel G. Rankin. Company G. — Captain, Henry Rust, Jr.; First Lieu- tenant, Jonathan Blake ; Second Lieutenant, William W. Whitmarsh. Company H — Captain, Charles S. Eiucrson ; First Lieu- tenant, James C. Folsoiu ; Second Lieutenant, Phineas W. Dill. Company I. — Captain, Nehemiah T. Furbish; First Lieutenant, Hebron Mayhew ; Second Lieutenant, John T. Simp.son. Company K. — Captain, George H. Nye; First Lieuten- ant, John F. Withorell ; Second Lieutenant, Fayette Bick- nell. The 10th Regiment was organized at Cape Elizabeth, Me., Oct. 4, 18G1, to serve two and three years. Companies B, C, E, F, G, H, I, and K were mu.stered into the United States service, Oct. 4, 1861, to serve two years from May 3, 1861, and Companies A and D to serve thiee years from Oct. 4, 1861. The regiment left Portland on the Gth, and arrived at Baltimore, Md., on the 9th, where they remained encamped at " Patterson's Park" until the 4th of Novem- ber. On that day they moved to Relay House, Md., and guarded the Washington branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad until the 27th of February, 1862. Subse- quently they guarded and protected the branch of the same road leading to Harper's Ferry, and as far as Martinsburg, Va. On the 24th of May the entire regiment was concen- trated at Winchester, Va., and on the following day joined in the retreat of Gen. Banks' forces to Williamsport, Md. Their casualties during the retreat, as also those at Win- chester and in subsetjuent engagements, are stated in the list of casualties appended to this narrative. While at Williamsport the regiment was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, of Banks' corps. May 2Sth they made a reconuoissance towards Martinsburg, returning to Williamsport on the same day. On the Slst they advanced towards Winchester, thence towards Front Royal, which place they occupied on the 22d of June. They partici- pated in the reconuoissance to Luray Court-House, Va., on the 29th of June, retiring to Front Royal on the 30th, and there remained until the Gth of July. On that day they proceeded towards Culpeper Court-House, and on the 8th of August participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., in which they lost heavily in killed, wounded, and prisoners. After the battle of Cedar Mountain they re- turned to (Culpeper, and on the 19th of August returned to Rappahannock Station, thence towards Washington, par- ticipating in all the movements of Gen. Pope's forces, though not actively engaged in any of the battles which took place during the retreat, Gen. Banks' corps being held in reserve. On the 17th of September, they participated in the battle of Antietam, losing twenty killed and forty- eight wounded. On the 19th of September they moved to Maryland Heights, ojipositc Harper's Ferry, thence on the 3d of October to Berlin, Md., where they remained doing picket and fatigue duty. On the 10th of December, with 146 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. their corps (the 12th), they proceeded to Fairfax Station, thence on the 22d of January, 18G3, to Stafford Court- House, Va., where they remained encamped until the 28th of April, when, their two-years' term of service having ex- pired, they were ordered to Maine, and mustered out at Portland on the 7th and 8th of May, by Capt. Thomas C. J. Bailey, of the 17th United States Infantry. The three- years' men were detached from the rcf;inieiit on the 26th of April, organized into a battalion of three companies, and assigned to duty as IIead((uarters Guard, 12th Array Corps. CASUAI/nE.S IN THE TKNTII RK(iIMENT. (IN I'ICKKT NEAR WINCIIESTEIt, VA., MAV 24, 1862. Williiim 1'. Hamilton, corporal, wounded in the neck ; left in the brick house, and concealed from the rebels by the inmates. Frank G. liooly, private, slight wounil in face. Charles Burnhiini, wounded in side and log. Thomas M. Glendcnning, wounded in leg. Mezcrve Go.iry, wounded in leg; linger lost. Charles F. Palmer, slightly wounded. Burnham, Gkndenning, Geary, and Palmer captured next day in hospital ; afterwards paroled. Boody captured on the retreat next day : exchanged in October ; dis- charged on account of disability from ill treatment. Burnham, Glendcnning, and Geary discharged on account of disability from wounds. DUUISG banks' retreat, MAY 25, 1S62. K'ilUil. William A. Hamilton, Co. C, private, at Eucklestown. Andrew J. Wiilton, Co. E, at Darksville. Solomon S. Kennedy, Co. G, at Darksville. n'.„n„lc,l. Henry N. Shaw,* Co. A, ooi-poral, leg; paroled. James Mitchell, sergeant, Co. C, head; not captured. Robert M. Weeks, sergeant, Co. C, arm ; not captured. Hugh V. McManus,* corporal, Co. D, hand ; not captured. Charles W. Hammond,* priviite, Co. D, lost arm ; paroled. Porter Latham, private, Co. E, buckshot in leg ; not captured. Prhoiiers. Josiah F. Day, assistant surgeon ; George J. Northrup, hospital stew- ard, paroled. Company A: Henry Benson, Joseph H. Chappel, Ahinson M. Little- hale, George E. Mclntire, John Smith, privates. Company B : Charles F.' Allen, paroled : Luther H. Drake, Leonard Eustis, Joshua E. Harris, Tcrrence McGuire, Daniel S. Roberts, died in hands of enemy; John Swett, Jr., Francis Seed, Alonzo K. .Sm.all, James M. Tewksbiiry, Oliver F. Varney, Joseph Weeks, died in hands of enemy; privates. Company C: Henry A. Plummer, corporal; Francis G. Boody, cor- poral ; Anthony Divine, died Juno 10th; John Goodhue, Valen- tine R. Jackson, William H. Love, Elbridge F. March, Andrew D. Newbold, William A. Winslow, George M. Wiggin, David Greoly Warner (musician), hospital. Company D ; William Pleasant, corporal ; George E. Clark, died in hanils of enemy; John Erwin, drummer; Jere Souci, private, discharged ; Alexander Sebastian, private, paroled ; John White. Company E : Hiram T. Cook, corporal ; Thomas Johnson, William Lowry, privates. Company F : Charles A. Atkinson, Charles F. Burr, Isaac Ellsworth, died in hands of enemy ; Fred A. Howard, discharged ; Joseph Lapbam, paroled ; Lewis F. Libby, paroled ; Edwin Record, Frank 0. Savage, paroled; Everard Thing, John W. Townscnd. Company G : Edward Goddard, corporal, discharged ; James Jordan, Jason S. Nutting, William H. Pike, died in hands of enemy ; Charles W. Witham. Company H : Jesse Bishop, Silua Eatos, Robert B. Harris, privates. * Discharged the service in consequence of wounds. Company I : Edwin Fitch, corporal, John W. Greely, Samuel M. Bur- bank, Benjamin F. Cook, Wm. P. Golden, John Harkin, Charles H. ((uimby; Moses Turner, privates. Company K : Leonard Jepson, private. IIATTI.E OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, ArCl'ST U, 1862. nj/hcrs. KUU'il.—Amhc-w C. Cloudman, captain, Co. E; James C. Folson, first lieutenant, Co. H ; Albtrt W. Freeman, second lieutenant, Co. H, died August 2oth. IKoHii'^i/.— John Q. Adams, captiiin, Co. A ; George H. Nye, captain, Co. K ; Herbert R. Sargent, first lieutenant, Co. E; Abel G. Run- kin, second lieutenant, Co. F. />/-,'«.,H')-«.— Johu D. Beardsley, first lieutenant, Co. D, captured after the buttle. Enli.lvU M,„. Killed.— Zitchariah L. Hamlin, Scwall Phillips (A), Oliver Hiter (B), Emery E. Pierce (B), George H. Hurd (C), Silas H. Bean (D), Henry C. Emerson (D), John N. Knowhin (D), Paul Lagassic (D), Patrick McNally (D), Daniel Plummer (D). Lorenzo D. Mcrrow (E), Nathan E. Whitney (E), Charles W. Marston (F), Sclo F. Charles (G), John Badger (H), Alvin Field (H), Greenfield T. Libby (H), Edward P. Verrill (H), Charles IL Ryerson (K). Morlulli) H'oi.»(/irf.—CincinnatusKeycs (A), died August 13th; James L. Kendriek (A), died August IGth ; Charles L. Colley (B), act- ing lieutenant, died September 2(Hh ; Arthur T. Jordan (C), died October 30th ; Charles Lancaster (C), died August 3d ; Thomas D. Sturtevant (C), died August 25th ; George Weymouth (C), died August 19th ; George J. Campbell (D), died October 1st; Thomas Lane (D), died August ISth; Edwin Thompson (D), died Septem- ber 2l6t; Charles H. Anderson (E), died August 12th; Rufus E. Farris (G), died September 5th; James H. Mansfield (G), died August llth; Kenneth S. Baitlett (G), died August 21st; Elden B. Gray (G), died October 12th; Henry J. Ricker (H), died Augu.-t Ulh. Severely iroinif/^/.— George S. Ayer, colors (A>, discharged; Charles Sutherland (A), discharged; Christopher C. Spear (A), dis- charged; Reuben Alexander, color-sergeant (B), discharged ;t Michael Buckley (B), discharged; Andrew Kerrigan (B), dis- charged; Benjamin C. Milesf (B), Almado B. Smith (B), John Stone (B), Brasilia S.Cobb (C), discharged; William R. May- berry (C), discharged; Byron G. Phiisted (C), discharged; Wil- Ham' 0. Russell (C), Dennis Tighe (C), Edward Donnelly (D), died September, 1863 ; Edward H. Hanson (D), discharged ; Free- man W. Johnson (D), Amos Kelley (D), Henry M. Marston (D), Garrett Moran (D), Nelson McNeil (D), John MeNulty (D), dis- charged ; Joseph Smith (D), Benjamin P. Spencer (D), William S. Noyes (E), William Andrew (E), Charles 11. Burnham (E), Ivory L. Hill (E), discharged, lost arm; Charles H. Haskell, first sergeant (F), George U. Gould, corporal (F), Thomas A. East- man (F), George AV. Gage (F), John H. Gordon (F), Lewis E. Pearson (F), Henry Stirk (F), discharged; John A. Trufant (F), discharged ; Joseph W. Cummings (G), Nathan C. Estes (G), dis- charged ; AVilliam B. Merrill (G), Thomas Powers (G), discharged; Benjamin Russell, Jr. (G), Theodore Whitney (G), George B. Co- burn (H), sergeant; George W. Harradont (H), dischargedj Samuel F. Irish (H), Charles 0. Fargo (H), discharged; Alonio F. Morrill (H), discharged; E/.ra F. Stevens (H), Virgil True (H), William H. Tra.'8, from which he graduated in 18G2. With that patriotism and manly resolution so fully developed afterwards upon the battle-field, immediately after the close of his school work, he entered the 17th Kegiment Maine Infan- try as first lieutenant, and participated in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, from the first battle of Fredericksburg until the surrender of Lee, except for a period of nine months when he was a prisoner of war. For gallant and meritorious services on the field of battle he was promoted through the various grades of office, and in Muy, 1865, was brevetted brigadier-general, to date from Gen. Lee's surrender. For gallantry and bravery at the battles of Little Sailor's Creek and Amelia Springs he was brevetted from major to colonel, there being at that time only two instames during the war where a double brevet had been given at a single promotion. In the winter of 186-1-65 he was detached from his own regiment and placed in comnumd of the First Unitcil States Sharpshooters (Burdan's), and while in command at the bat- tle of the Wilderness was taken prisoner. He was held as a prisoner of war in the rebel prison-pens at Danville, Va., Macon, Ga., and at Charleston, S. C, was placed under fire as a hostage. He escaped from prison at Columbia, S. C, but was recaptured in the Smoky Mountains by the detachment of the Cherokee Indians then in the rebel service. He was afterwards confined in Danville and Libby prisons until ex- changed, and although not ordered to do so, he immediately, by permission of the Secretary of War, rejoined his regiment (17th Maine), and he with one other were the only two out of some three hundred officers exchanged at the same time who participated in the closing campaign. Of the original thirty- four officers of his regiment only five served three years, and of the five only Gen. Mattocks and Col. Ed. Moore escaped without wounds. Gen. Mattocks was specially mentioned in orders for gallant services: at the midnight charge at Chancellorsville, at the battles of Mine Kun and Little Sailor's Creek, and Amelia Springs. At the last-named place the regiment of two hundred and twenty men led by him charged upon the rebel rifle-pits, captured two stand of colors, two pieces of artillery, about three hundred prisoners, and a heavily loaded wagon- train belonging to Lee's army. After the close of the war he read law with Hon. Edward Fox, now judge of the United States District Court; entered Harvard Law School in 18C6, from which he graduated in 1867, and immediately began practice in Portland, Me., where he has remained in the continuous jiractice of his profession. He was apjiointed county attorney by Governor Chamberlain, and elected for a full term, serving in 1871-73. In 1868 he entered the State Militia as captain, and in 1873 as colonel ; he is in command of all the infantry in the State. Aside from his law business he carries on a large farm in the town of Baldwin, where his imported thoroughbred stock aiul the fini^ bred stock of his own raising may be seen, .second to none in the State. He married, June 27, 1871, Ella, (laughter of Augustus Kobinson, of Portlarul. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 151 Phttoon of policemen. Cavalcade of ex-uienibers of regiment, wearing the red diamond upon their breasts. Band of the 17th United Stateii Infantry. Portland Conimandery of Knights Tcuijtlar. City authorities. Delegation of Burns Cluh, in Highland costume. Aniericnn Hose Company. Ocean Engine Company, No. 4. Company D, Kith Veteran Reserve Corps. Wounded of the 17th and 20th Regiments, in carriages. Band of the 17lh Maine Regiment. 17lh JIaine Regiment. Band of the 20th JIaine Regiment. 20th Maine Regiment. The procession moved through some of the principal streets of the city, and on the route the veterans were every- where received with demonstrations of enthusiasm and cheers of welcome. Tiie citizens were profuse in their display of bunting ; nearly every residence displayed the American colors, and many devices and mottoes of welcome. The public buildings, engine-houses, and stores were decorated ; the streets were crowded, and the city wore a gala-day ap- pearance. At the new city buildings an immense banner was suspended from the balconies, bearing the names of the following principal battles in which the regiment had been engaged : " Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Cedars, Gettys- burg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Po River, Spottsylvania Court-House, Fredericksburg Pike, North Anna, Tolopotomy Creek, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Hare House, Deep Bottom, Second Deep Bottom, Peeble's Farm, Hatcher's Run, Second Hatcher's Run, capture of Peters- burg, Amelia Springs, Little Sailor's Creek." RECORD OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. We append the following record of the commissioned officers of this regiment belonging to Cumberland county : COLONELS. Thomas A. Roberts, Portland, commissioned colonel Aug. 19, 1862; discharged on account of physical dis.nbility, June 3, 1S63. Charles P. Mattocks, Portland, promoted from major M.ay 9, 186.^; mustered out with regiment, June 4, 1865. H Ef TEX ANT-COLON ELS. Charles B. Merrill, Portland, commissioned lieutenant-colonel Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville (Cedars), May 2, 1S63; resigned Oct. 3, 1864. MAJORS. Charles P. Mattocks, Portland, promoted from captain. Company A, Dec. 11, 1863; assigned to command of the 1st Berdan United States Sharpshooters, by order from Maj.-Gen. Birney, March 25, 1864; captured by the enemy at the battle of the Wildcrne-ss, May 6, 186-1, and held prisoner of war till March 22, ISfiS; ajipointed brevet-colonel for gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of Amelia Springs ; promoted to lieutenanl-.colonel. Ellis M. Sawyer, Cape Elizabeth, promoted from captain, Company E, Oct. 2, 1863 ; killed at the battle of Locust Grove, Xov. 27, 1863; not mustered. Edwin B. Houghton, Portland, promoted from captain. Company H, May 24, 1865; not mustered ; mustered out June 11,1865. ADJUTANTS. Charles W. Roberts, Portl.ind, commissioned adjutant July 30, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; leg amputated; mustered out for disability, Dec. 23, 1863. qUARTEIlMASTEItS. Jacob T. Waterhouso, Portland, commissioned quartermaster July 17, 1862 ; died at AVashington, Oct. 20, 1802. Josiah Remick, Portland, promoted from commissary-sergeant, Oct. 20,1862; acting assistant quartermaster on brigade slalT; mus- tered out with regiment, June 4, 1805. iirgcon ASSISTANT SUUCEONS. William Wescott, »Standish, commissioned assistant 1862; discharged Dec. 5, 1863. Nathaniel B. Coleman, Portland, promoted from liospilal Nov. 10, 1863; musiered out with regiment, June 4, 180: Cyrus D. Tuck, Brunswick, commissioned assistant surgeon 1863: commission declined. James G. Sturgis, Standish, promoted from hospital steward 1804; commissioned surgeon of 2d United States Sharps regiment mustered out, and Dr. Sturgis returned to tlu assistant surgeim ; mustered out with regiment, June 4, July 29, steward Jan. 4, Oct. 20, hooters ; c 17ib as 1865. ClIAl'LAIN.S. Harvey Ilerscy, Portland, commissioned chaplain Aug. 23, 1862 ; discharged for disability. Jeremiah Ilayden, Raymond, promoted from priviite, Company C, March 26, 1863; resigned on account of physical disabilities, Aug. 28, 1863. J. F. Levering, Portland, commissioned chaplain Nov. 16, 1863; mustered out with regiment, June 4', 1S05. fOllJ'ANV A. 0(j)^./iis.— Willi;im II. Savage, Portland, commissioned captain July 31, 1862; resigned on account of physical disability, Dec. 4, IS62. Charles P. Mat'oeks, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant, Com- jiany A, Dec. 13, 1862 ; promoted to major. Fiial Linuteiinuta. — Charlis P. Mattocks, Portland, commissioned first lieutenant July 31, 1S62; promoted to captain. James M. Brown, Portland, jiromoted from second lieutenant. Com- pany A, Dec. 13, 1862; kilkd at battle of Locust Grove Nov. 27, 18B3. James S. Roberts, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant, Com- l)any B, Dec. 11, 1863; killed at battle of Taylor's Bridge May 23, 1864. Second Lieutenants. — James M. Brown, Portland, commissioned sec- ond lieutenant July 31, 1862; wounded at battle of Chancellors- ville, May 3, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant Company A. Edwin M. Houghton, Portland, promoted from first sergeant Dec. 13, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant Company H. Grenville F. Sparrow, Portland, promoted from first sergeant Juno 13, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant Company li. COMI'ANV n. t'a/jfaiiu.— George W. Martin, Portland, commissioned captain July 31, 1S62; resigned April 27, 1803. Benjamin C. Pennell, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant .-Vug. 15, 1863: killed in action before Petersburg June 7, 1804. Grenville F. Sparrow, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant June 28, 1804 ; mustered out with regiment June 4, 1805. First lieulenaiila. — Benjamin C. Penntll, Portland, commissioned first lieutenant Dec. 5, 1862; promoted to captain. William H. Green, Poithind, promoted from second lieutenant Aug. 15, 1863 ; promoted to captain Company G. Grenville F. Sparrow, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant. Company A, Dec. 11, 1803; promoted to captain. William H. Sturgis, Standish, promoted from second lieutenant, Com- pany C, June 28, 1804; appointed brevet captain for gallant and meritorious conduct at battle of Amelia Springs; mustered out with regiment June 4, 1865. Second Lieiitciianle. — Benjamin C. Pennell, Portland, commissioned second lieutenant Aug. 19, 1804; promoted to first lieutenant. William 11. Green, Portland, promoted from sergeant Dec. 5, 1802; wounded at Gettysburg July .3, 1803 ; promoted to first lieutenant. William II. Sturgis, Standish, promoted from sergeant. Company H, Dec. 11, 1863; transferred to Company C; promoted to first lieu- tenant Company B. James S. Roberts, Portland, promoted from sergeant Aug. 20, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant Company A. COMPANV r. Ciiplalnii. Edward Moore, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant Nov. 10, 1863; mustered out with regiment June 4, 1865. 152 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTS, MAINE. f'irat Licnlcnniilt. — Edward Moore, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant. Company If, March 2, ISB.'i; promoted to captain. Edward H. Crie, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant, Company E, April 21, 1864; promoted to captain Company H. Second LleuleiiinilH. — Joseph A. Perry, Portland, commissioned second lieutenant July 21, 1802; appointed mustoring-officor for the regiment at Camp King; promoted to first lieutenant Company F. William H. Stnrgis, Standish, transferred from Co. B : promoteil to first lieutenant Co. \l. COlirANV 1). Coptithitt. — .John C. Perry, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant May 22, 1SU3; wounded before Petersburg June 16, 1864; dis- charged on account of wounds Sept. 1-4, 1864. First LienleiiniiiH. — John C. Perry, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant Oct. 21, 18C2; promoted to captain. Newton Whitten, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps on account of wounds Deo. 23, 1863. James M. Webb, Westbrook, promoted from second licotcnant. Co. K, Jan. 1.3, 1865; wounded at battle of Amelia Springs April 6, I860 ; leg amputated ; qiustered out with regiment .June 4, 1S65. Second Lieutenants. — John C. Perry, Portland, commissioned second licutinant Aug. 19, 1?62; promoted to first lieutenant. Newton Whitton, Portland, promoted from sergeant Feb. 5, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant. Stephen GralTam, Portland, promoted from sergeant May 22, 1863; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; discharged Nov. 28, 1864. Charles G. Ilolyoke, Yarmouth, promoted from sergeant-major May 24, 1805; not mustcrcl; mustered out with regiment June 4, 1SC5. CIIMI'ANV K. 6V<;)(rt/)i«.— Ellis M. Sawyer, Capo Elizabeth, connuissioncd explain Aug. 18, 1862; promoted to miijor. William II. Green, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant Doc. 11, 1862; transferred to Company G. First LienlcniinlK. — George W. Fickett, Cape Elizabeth, commissioned first lieutenant Aug. 8, 1862; died Sept. 24, 1862. Frederick A. Sawyer, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant Nov. 10,1862; wounded at Locust Grove Nov. 27, 1863; discharged for disability Sept. 24, 1864. Second Lieutenants, — AVilliam Roberts, Yarmouth, commissioned second lieutennnt Aug. 19, 1862 ; transferred to Company G. Frederick A.Sawyer, Portland, promoted from sergeant Feb. 11, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant. Herman Q. Mason, Portland, promoted from first sergeant Nov. 10, 1863; cimimission declined. Edward II. Crie, Portland, promoted from sergeant-major Feb. 16, 1864 ; promoted to first lieutenant Company C. COME'.VXy F. Captains, — Joseph A. Perry, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant Aug. 15, 1863: mustered out with regiment June 4, 1805. First I.ientenants. — Joseph A. Perry, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant. Company C, March 2, 1863; proiuoted to captain. Henry I/. Bartels, Portland, promoted from second lieutenant March 10, 1864; wounded at battle of Wilderness May 6, 1864; dis- charged on account of wounds Oct. .3, 1864. Second Lienlcnunlo. — James M. Safford, Portland, commissioned second lieutenant .\ug. 19, 1862; resigned. Henry S. Bartels, Portland, promoted from sergeant-major Aug. 15, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant. Jordan M. Hall, Caaco, promoted from sergeant April 21, 1861; wounded before Petersburg June 16, 1804 ; discharged on account of wounds Oct. 1, 1864. COM PAX V G. Ci>ii/c>inii(».— William Roberts, Yarmouth, ])romoted from second lieutenant. Company E, Dec. 1, 1862; discharged for disability Aug. 5, 1863. COMPANY 11. C'ipiniiiH. — .\lman L. Fogg, Westbrook, commissione 1 cap'ain Au:;. 19, 1802 ; wounded at (iettysburg July 2, 1863 ; died from wounds July 7. 1863. Edwin B. Houghton, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant Nov. 10, 1863; acting assistant inspector-general on brigade and di- vision staff; wounded at Spottsylvania May 12, 1864. Edward II. Crie, Portland, promoted from first lieutenant. Company C, May 4, 1865; not mustered; mustered out with roginicnt Juno 4, 1865. First /yien(e«fiii(8.— Edwin B. Houghton, Portliind, promoted from second lieutenant. Company A, June 13, ISO.'i; promoted to cap- tain. Joseph S. Hobbs, Falmouth, promoted from second lieutenant Oct. 20, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant Company C. Second Lieutenants. — Edward Moore, Portland, commissioned second lieutenant Aug. 19, 1S02; promoted to first lieutenant, Com- I)any C. Raljdi II. Day, Westbrook, promoted from sergeant March 2, 1863; resigned May 20, 1863. George A. Whidden, AVestbrook, priimoted from sergeant Aug. 15, 1863 ; promoted to first lieutenant, Company I. Joseph S. IIobb.s, Falmouth, promoted from sergeant. Company A, April 21, 1864; wounded at battle of Wilderness, May 6, 1SC4; wounded before Petersburg, Sept. 10, 1864; promoted to first lieutenant. Horace B, Cummings, Portland, promoted from corj)or;il Feb. 9, 1865; mustered out with regiment June 4, 1865. First Lieutenants.— .Tames 0. Thouijison, Portland, transferred from Company K; promoted to captain, Company K. George A. Whidden, Westbrook, promoted from second lieutenant. Company 11, Dec. 11, 1863 ; woumled in action before Petersburg, Oct. 24, 1864; promoted to captain. Company K. Second Lienteuants. — James 0. Thompson, Portland, commissioned second lieutenant Aug. 19, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant, Com)iany K. Thomas Snowman, Portland, promoted from sergeant Jan. 25, 1865; musteied out with regiment June 4, 1865. Captains. — James 0. Thompson, Portland, commissioned captain Aug. 19, 1862; resigned Oct. 3, 1862. George A. Whidden, Westbrook, promoted from first lieutenant. Com- pany I, Oct. 20, 1864; not mustered owing to disability on ac- count of wounds received in action; discharged Jan. 28, 1865. First Lieutenant. — James 0. Thompson, Portland, commissioned first lieutenant Feb. II, 1863; wounded at Chaneellorsville, May 3, 1863; promoted to adjutant. Second Lieutenant. — James M. Webb, Westbrook, promoted from ser- geant. Company H, Oct. 20, 1804; promoted to first lieutenant, Company D. CHAPTER XXXI. TWENTY-PIFTH AND TWENTSr-NINTH HEOI- MENTS. Organization and Movements — Oflicers from Cumberland County in the Twenty-fifth— Organization and Movements of the Twenty- ninth — Official Record. TWENTY-FIFTH RF.aiMF,NT. This regiment was organized at Portland, Sept. 29, 1862, to serve nine luuntli.s. On tlie IGth of October tlicy left for Wasliington, D. C , arriving in that city on tlio IStli. Having been assigned to the Sd Brigade of Casey's di- vision, they moved on the 2()lh to a eamping-ground ou Arlington Heights, on the north side of Columbia turn- pike, imuiediately iu front of the line of earthworks fur TWENTY-FIFTH KEGIMENT. 153 the defense of Washington. There they remained till March 24, 1863, continually engaged in guarding Long Bridge on both sides of the Potomac, and in building forti- fications. On the 24th of March they moved to Chantilly, Va., on the Little River Turnpike, and there remained en- gaged in picket duty till the 26tli of June, 18li3, when they returned to Arlington Heights. On the 30th of June they started for Maine, and arrived at Portland on the eve- ning of July 3d. On the 10th of July the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Capt. Francis Fessenden, 19th United States Infantry, and the men paid and finally discharged on the same day. The following is the final record of the officers of this regiment who served from Cumberland County : Colonel, Francis Fessenden, Portland. Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles E. Shaw, Portland. Major, Alexander M. Tolman, Portland. Quartermaster, Henry Pennell, Gray. Assistant Surgeon, Cyrus K. Bowker, Raymond. Assistant Surgeon, Wm. H. True, Freeport. Chaplain, Edward B. Furbish, Portland. Sergeant-Major, George 0. Gosse, Portland. Quartermaster-Sergeant, Fi-eeman H Clark, Portland. Commissary-Sergeant, William Graham, Jr., Westbrook. Hospital Steward, Charles K. Packard, Raymond. Drum-Major, Samuel D. Dean, Westbrook. Members of the Band* — S. T. Brown, Sebago ; William Brown, Sebago ; John E. Brooks, Yarmouth ; Ama.sa F. Cummings, Brunswick ; J. J. Doughty, Windham ; Chas. P. Graves, Portland ; Albion K. P. Grant, Westbrook ; Woodbury S. Libby, Gray ; Charles G. Milner, Portland. Company A. — Frank L. Jones, Captain, Portland ; Geo. H. Abbott, 1st Lieutenant, Portland; Charles B. Hall, 2d Lieutenant, Portland ; Sergeants : Cyrus H. Ilsley, Port- land; Frederick H. Small, Portland; Charles M. Dyer, Westbrook ; Edward C. Swett, Portland ; Charles R. Shaw, Portland ; Corporals : Charles 0. Cole, Portland ; Charles E. Sowerby, Portland ; Luther W. Dana, Port- land ; George W. Lowell, Portland ; Frederick A. Paine, Portland ; Timothy Mahony, Yarmouth ; Albert G. Gale, Portland ; Nicholas E. Boyd, Portland ; Charles F. Cum- mings, Horace 0. Davis, Musicians, Portland. Company B. — p]dward N. Greely, Captain, Falmouth ; Levi M. Prince, 1st Lieutenant, Portland; HoUis R. Mount- ford, 2d Lieutenant, Cumberland ; Sergeants : Edward Schoonmaker, Portland ; George H. McKenney, Portland ; John D. Hademan, Portland ; Charles B. Strout, Portland ; Charles K. Waterhouse, Portland; Corporals: James A. Tracy, Portland ; Byron Leighton, Portland ; Benjamin Bishop, Portland ; Horatio Greely, Cumberland ; George F. Coe, Portland ; Frederick W. Hatch, Portland ; Augus- tus H. Prince, Portland ; Musicians: Nathaniel B. Wilson, Falmouth ; Charles A. Ring, Portland. Company C. — Charles H. Doughty, Captain, Gray ; Whitman Sawyer, First Lieutenant, Raymond ; George F. Andrews, Second Lieutenant, Otisfield ; Sergeants: Henry T. Simpson, Gray ; Samuel P. Cummings, Gray ; Joseph ^" Mustered as br; Jan. 28, 1863. 20 I band of 1st Brigade, A l)ercrombii Spiller, Raymond ; George Hoyt, Naples ; Mark K. Morse, Otisfield ; Corporals : David Lawrence, Gray ; William C. Dickey, Gray; Joseph II. Goff, Gray; Washington Cash, Raymond ; Anson J. Holden, Otisfield ; Albert E. Hall, Naples ; James M. Jordan, Raymond ; Otis L. Lathan, Musician, Gray ; Elbridge Wight, Wagoner, Otisfield. Compiiny D. — Chester A. Greenleaf, Captain, Bruns- wick ; David Pennell, First Lieutenant, Harpswoll ; Alfred D. Stetson, Second Lieutenant, Brun.swick ; Sergeants : Charles J. Noyes, Brunswick ; Benjamin L. Dennison, Brunswick; William H. Stimson, Brunswick ; Corporals: Charles J. Perkins, Brunswick ; Elias D. Pierce, Bruns- wick ; George L. Randall, Harpswell ; Joseph G. Richards, Brunswick ; Charles L. York, Brunswick ; Abizer F. Snow, Mu.siciiin, Brunswick ; Daniel H. Nudd, Wagoner, Bruns- wick. Company E. — Elisha Newconib, Captain, Westbrook ; George B. Stevens, First Lieutenant, Westbrook ; Edmund P. Merrill, Second Lieutenant, Westbrook; Sergeants: Frank G. Stevens, Westbrook ; Dominions C. Wakefield, Westbrook ; Moses G. Roberts, Westbrook ; Edward K. Kollock, Westbrook ; John W. Newton, Westbrook ; Cor- porals : Mark P. Waterman, Westbrook ; Joel S. Wood- bury, Westbrook ; Silas H. Cram, Westbrook ; Benjamin F. Bixby, Westbrook ; Freeman T. Merrill, Westbrook ; Alpheus Fogg, Scarborough ; Nathan L. Huston, West- brook ; William C. Stevens, Scarborough ; Musicians: J. 0. Quinby, Edward R. Harmon, Westbrook ; John Meserve, Wagoner, Westbrook. Company F. — Thomas W. Harris, Captain, Gorham ; Samuel T. Johnson, First Lieutenant, Windham ; Charles Jones, Second Lieutenant, Windham ; Sergeants : Webb Hall, Windham ; Clinton B. Hooper, Windham ; Peter Stewart, Windham ; William W. Colley, Gorham ; Sumner C. Bolton, Windham ; Corporals : Elias R. Howard, Gor- ham ; George L. Cobb, Windham ; Enos B. Hale, Gorham ; Joseph S. K. Swett, Gorham ; Carlyle W. Shaw, Gorham ; Franklin Hanson, Windham ; Ai Bolton, Standish ; Ivory Phillips, Gorham ; Horace M. Davis, Musician, Portland ; Charles E. Emory, Wagoner, Windham. Company G. — George W. Randall, Captain, Freeport ; John C. Kendall, First Lieutenant, Freeport; Alvan F. Bucknam, Second Lieutenant,Yarmouth ; Sergeants: Henry C. Brewer, Freeport ; Albert Gooding, North Yarmouth ; Robert W. Sherman, Freeport; Nathaniel W. F. Sweetsir, North Yarmouth ; Corporals : William P. Kendall, Free- port ; John D. Mann, Freeport; Abraham N. Rowe, North Yarmouth ; William E. Bucknam, Yarmouth ; Edward P. S. Andrews, Freeport ; Albion Ward, Freeport ; Charles A. Pride, Cumberland ; Mark M. Mitchell, Freeport ; Ben- jamin F. Hamilton, John Hamilton, Musicians, North Yar- mouth ; Arthur Johnson, Wagoner, Freeport. Company H. — Charles C. Chase, Captain, Portland; John H. Knight, First Lieutenant, Portland; P^benezer Hutchinson, Second Lieutenant, Cape Elizabeth ; Sergeants : William C. Brooks, Portland ; Frank S. Winslow, Yar- mouth ; Alfred H. Whitmore, Portland; Charles S. Jor- dan, Portland ; Almon L. Chase, Portland ; Corporals : John N. Ellingwood, Cape Elizabeth ; David Y. Harris, North Yarmouth ; Henry H. Westcott, Portland ; William 154 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. A. Steele, Portland ; Joseph Mann, Portland ; Asa F. York, Yaimoutli ; George F. Hitchings, Jr., Portland; John MuLcod, Portland ; Thomas J. Long, Mu.sician, Port- land ; Charles B. Kennoy, Musician, Cape Elizabeth; Na- than G. Nash, Wagoner, Windham. Company I. — Ezekiel Westcott, Captain, Cape Eliza- beth ; Edmnud W. Dyer, First Lieutenant, Cape p]lizabeth ; John P. Carswell, Second Lieutenant, Pownal ; Sergeants: George E. Brown, Cape Elizabeth ; Thomas H. Haskell, New Gloucester; Zadoc A. Rowe, New Gloucester; Ed- ward I. Woodbury, Cape Elizabeth ; Augustus C. Staples, Cape Elizabeth ; Corporals : Edward H. Grover, New Gloucester; Gideon Burbank, Cape Elizabeth; Henry P. Miller, Cape Elizabeth ; Eldwin Roberts, Cape Elizabeth ; Joshua Brackett, Cape Elizabeth ; Hiram Staples (2d), Cape Elizabeth ; Alexander Higgins, Scarborough ; Simon Foye, Musician, Scarborough ; Eugene S. Palmer, Musician, Cape Elizabeth ; John S. Wright, Wagoner, Cape Elizabeth. Company K. — Samuel L. Davis, Captain, Standish ; Asa C. Palmer, First Lieutenant, Gorham ; Seba S. Brown, Second Lieutenant, Baldwin ; Sergeants : Isaac D. Sawyer, Standish ; John W. Sanborn, Standish ; George A. Hunt, Gorham ; William S. Phinney, Sebago ; John H. Frasier, Portland; Corporals: Edward Harding, Gorham; Eiisha Douglass, Gorham ; Edward R. Wentworth, Sebago ; Thomas F. Storer, Sebago ; Samuel Dingley, Gorham ; Joseph Files, Jr., Gorham ; Augustus S. Hutchinson, Standish ; John Meserve, Sebago ; Benjamin F.Shaw, Mu.sician, Sebago; George N. Gurney, Musician, Baldwin ; James Phinney (2d), Wagoner, Gorham. TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. This regiment, with the exception of Companies A and D, was organized at Augusta, Me., from Nov. 13, 1863, to January, 1864, to serve three years. Companies A and D were transferred from the 10th Maine Battalion, then ser- ving with the 12th Army Corps in Tennessee, and joined the remainder of the regiment at New Orleans, La. The regiment left Augusta, Jan. 31, 1864, and embarked at Portland, February 2d, on board the steamship " De Molay," for New Orleans, at which place it arrived on the 16th. On the 20th they left Algiers for Brashear City, thence proceeded to Franklin, arriving on the 21st, and were as- signed to the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Army Corps. On the 15th of March they left for Alexandria, on the Red River ; arrived there on the 25th, and lay in camp till the 29th, when they were transferred to the 1st Brigade. On the 8th and 9th of April they were engaged in the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, La., and rendered most effective service. Subsequently they retreated with the army to Grand Ecore, La., which they reached on the 11th. On the 23d they assisted in driving the enemy at Cane River Crossing, and reached Alexandria, La., on the 25th. They remained at that place until May 12th, and while there assisted in building the famous dam which saved the fleet. On the 13th of May they proceeded to- wards the Mississippi River, which they reached on the 20th, and on the 22d went into camp at JNIorganzia Bend, where they remained until July 2d, on which day they left for New Orleans, reaching that city on the 3d. On the 5th they left in steamship " Clinton," for Fortress Monroe, Va., arriving on the 12th, when, being ordered to Wash- ington, they marched to Harper's Ferry, Va., and partici- pated in all the marches and movements of the Army of the Shenandoah, including the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, in all of which they ren- dered most effective service. On the 18th of October, 1864, Company A, Capt. John Q. Adams, transferred from the 10th Maine Battalion, was mustered out and discharged from the United States service, its term of service having expired, and its place was filled by the first company of un- assigncd infantry, Capt. Edward S. Butler, organized at Augusta, Me., to serve one year from Sept. 16, 1864. On the 1st of January, 1865, the regiment was encamped near Stevenson's Depot, Va., attached to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Army Corps, and from March 31st to April 19th were occupied chiefly in marching to given points for special service. On the 20th they took cars for Washington, D. C, and on the 4th and 5th of May did guard duty at Washington Arsenal over the assassins of President Lincoln. On the 23d they participated in the grand review at Washington with the Army of the Potomac. On the 31st of May, Company A (Capt. Butler), one year's men, and all whose term of service expired prior to Oct. 1, 1865, were ordered to be mustered out of the United States service. On the 1st of June the regiment embarked at Alexan- dria, Va., on board steamship " Ariel," for Savannah, arri- ving there on the 5th, and on the 14th and 15th proceeded to Georgetown, S. C. The regiment was divided into de- tachments, and occupied the following stations, all in South Carolina, viz. : railroad bridge on the Pedec River, Kings- tree, Marion, Florence, Darlington, and Society Hill, with headcfuarters at Darlington. Their duties were arduous, and con.sisted in part in assisting in the making of contracts, and investigating the complaints made by freedmen and planters. On the 27th of March, 1866, they were ordered to Hilton Head, S. C, which they occupied, with detach- ments at St. Helena Island and Seabrook, until June 2l8t, when the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Lieut. H. S. French, A. C. M. Department of the Carolinas. On the following day they embarked on board steamer for New York, arriving on the 25th at Hart's Island, New York Harbor, where, on the 28th of June, the men were paid and finally discharged. Thefollowingcommi-ssioned officers served in this regiment from Cumberland County: John M. Gould, major. Portland, resigned March 24, 1866; Alpheus L. Greene, adjutant, Portland; Josiah F. Day, Jr., surgeon, Portland; Corne- lius D. Maynard, quartermaster-sergeant, Poi'tland; Frank- lin H. Eaton, sergeant-major, Portland ; William E. St. John, commissary-sergeant, Portland ; Samuel H. Jumper, New Gloucester, sergeant-major; Jacob J. Hammond, Westbrook, principal musician; Benjamin M. Redlow, captain Company B, Portland ; William P. Jordan, captain Company C, Portland ; Henry M. Smith, second lieutenant Company C, Portland; Charles C. Graham, first lieutenant Company D, W&stbrook ; Charles H. Haskell, Pownal, second lieutenant Co. D; Cyrus T. Waterhouse, Portland, second lieutenant Company E. THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 155 CHAPTER XXXII. THIRTIETH REGIMENT. ffioers from Cumberhind Cuunty— The Re Officers from the County in other Reg! Ilome Guards. iient in the Service — ents and Batteries — The following were the commissioned ofEcers of the 30th Regiment from Cumberland County : Francis Pessenden, Portland, colonel, promoted to major-general ; George \V. Randall, Freeport, lieutenant-colonel ; John C. Kendall, Freeport, adjutant, promoted to captain Company E ; Ciiarles F. Larrabee, Portland, adjutant ; Francis H. Coffin, Port- land, quartermaster; Thomas II. Breslin, Portland, assist- ant surgeon, died June 17, 186-1; George E. Moulton, Westbrook, captain Company B ; Whitman Sawyer, Ray- mond, captain Company C ; George W. Randall, Freeport, captain Company E ; John C. Randall, Freeport, captain Company E ; Levi M. Prince, Portland, captain Company F ; Frank L. Jones, Portland, captain Company I ; Royal T. Nash, Gray, captain Company K; Henry Green, Free- port, first lieutenant Company B ; Henry T. Simpson, Gray, first lieutenant Company C ; Abraham N. Rowe, Yarmouth, first lieutenant Company E ; Henry B. Cleaves, Bridgton, first lieutenant Company F ; Charles B. Ball, Portland, first lieutenant Company I ; Franklin E. Holmes, Portland, second lieutenant Company B ; George A. Green, New Gloucester, second lieutenant Company H ; Burrett H. Beale, Portland, second lieutenant Company H ; William H. Motley, Portland, second lieutenant Company I. The 30th Regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., from Dec. 12, 1863, to Jan. 8, 1864, to serve for three years, and on the 7th of February left for Portland, where they em- barked on board steamer " Merrimac" for New Orleans, ar- riving in that city on the 16th. On the 18th they moved by railroad from Algiers to Brashear City, and thence by steamer up Bayou Teche to Franklin, where tjiey were as- signed to the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Army Corps. From February 19th to March 14th, inclusive, they re- mained encamped at Franklin, and on the 15th entered upon the Red River campaign. On the 8th of April they took an honorable part in the battle of Sabine Cross-Roads, and on the 9th in that of Pleasant Hill. Their lo.9S in both engagements was eleven killed, sixty-six wounded, and seventy-one missing. Tiiey afterwards retreated towards Grand Ecore, which place they reached on the 11th. On the 21st of April they resumed the retreat, and the 23d took a most prominent part in the engagement at Cane River Crossing, from which position — considered almost im- pregnable — they drove the enemy. Their casualties in tliis engagement were two officers and ten enlisted men killed, two officers and sixty-seven enlisted men wounded, and seven enlisted men missing. On the 25th of April they reached Alexandria, La., and on the 13th of May continued the re- treat towards tlie Mississippi River, whicli they reached on the 22d. They remained encamped at Morganzia Bend until the 2d of July, when they embarked for New Orleans, thence on the 11th for Virginia. On the 18th they reached Fortress Monroe, and were immediately sent to Deep Bot- tom, where they were employed in picket duty and in raising temporary earthworks. From Deep Bottom they were trans- ported to Washington, whence they marched to Harper's Ferry, Va. During the latter part of Augu.st and early in Septem- ber they participated in the numerous nmvements of the Army of the Shenandoah. In September their brigade was detached from its division, and so continued till October 26th. Although in this interval the regiment was engaged in ar- duous and responsible duties, it failed to .share the glory of Gen. Sheridan's battles and victories in September and October. On the 26th of October they rejoined their di- vision at Cedar Creek, Va., thence, on the 9th of Novem- ber, moved to a position between Kearnstown atid Newton, and on the 30th of December went into camp at Stevenson's Depot, four miles north of Winchester. Soon after the 1st of January, 1865, they moved and occupied Winchester, Va., where, on the 8th of January, they were joined by three companies formed of the re-en- listed men and the recruits of the 13th Maine Volunteers, and which had been assigned to their regiment by special order Nov. 18, 1864. The consolidation was completed in the month of January, under the immediate orders of Gen. Sheridan, the 30th being formed in seven companies and retaining the field and stafi' officers without change. The men of the 13th Maine were organized into a battalion of three companies, commanded by officers of their own regi- ment. The two battalions were' then united and the con- solidation effijcted by the muster-out of five commissioned officers of the 30th and a few non-commissioned officers of both regiments. The companies of the 13th were lettered B, H, and K in the new organization. They remained at Winchester till the 10th of April, when they proceeded towards Washington, reached that city on the 21st, and on the 26th encamped in the vicinity of Fort Meigs, where they remained till the 2d of June. In the mean time they formed a part of the line of sentinels stationed around Washington until after the capture of the assassins of Presi- dent Lincoln, and subsequently did guard duty at the Washington Ar,senal, where the trial of the con.^pirators was being held. On the 22d of May they took part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac, and on the 2d of June were transferred from the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, to the 2d Brigade, .same division, with which they left on the 30th for Savannah, Ga., arriving in that city on the 7th of July. They remained on duty at Sa- vannah till the 20th of August, when the regiment wa.s mustered out of the United States service, on which day they left for Maine, arriving on the 24th at Portland, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 29th. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS FROM CUMIiEKLAND COUNTV IN OTHER REGIME.NTS AND BATTERIES. First Rejimeiii District of Columbia Cavalry. — Thomas C. Webber, Gorhani, Captain ; Charles C. Chase, Portland, Captain ; James Maguire, Portland, Fii-st Lieutenant. Second Battery Mounted Artillery. — Samuel Paine, Sr., Portland, First Lieutenant ; Samuel Fessenden, Sr., Port- land, Second Lieutenant ; Charles E. Stubbs, New Glouces- ter, Second Lieutenant. First Veteran, Infantry. — Ai Waterhousc, Gorham, As- 156 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. sistaiit Surgeon ; J. Augustine Grenier, Portland, Second Lieutenant Co. B ; Jo.seph E. Walker, Portland, Captain Co. D ; Lemuel C. Small, Brunswick, Second Lieutenant Co. U. Uome Gup.rd, Co. B. — Thomas Connor, Portland, Lieu- tenant ; James Staples, Portland, First Lieutenant ; James F. Staples, Portland, Second Lieutenant. Sixth liegiment Infantry. — Zenas Thompson, Deering, Chaplain. Seventh liegiment Infantry. — William M. Cusliman, Portland, Captain ; Charles H. (iilniaii, Portland, Captain ; George B. Knight, Portland, Lieutenant ; Joseph E. Walker, Portland, Lieutenant. Eighth liegiment Infantry. — Charles E. Howard, Port- land, Lieutenant; Thomas S. Hutehins, Portland, Lieu- tenant. Ninth liegiment liifanlry. — Kisworth Rich, Portland, Colonel; James Furbish, Portland, Adjutant ; Charles F. Weeks, Portland, Captain ; Joshua G. Ross, Portland, Com- missary-Sergeant ; John L. P^mcrson, Portland, Lieutenant ; Henry A. Gray, Portland, Lieutenant. Eleventh Regiment Infantry. — William M. Shaw, Port- land, Major; Charles J. Pennell, Portland, Adjutant; Woodbury Pennell, Portland, Captain ; John M. Beal, Portland, Lieutenant ; Royal T. Nash, Portland, Captain ; Albert Maxfield, Windham, Captain; Charles H. Scott, Portland, First Lieutenant ; Charles 0. Lamson, Bridgton, Second Lieutenant ; Joseph F. Keene, New Gloucester, Second Lieutenant. Fourteenth Regiment Infantry. — Wm. Westcott, Stan- dish, Assistant Surgeon ; George H. Cheney, Portland, Captain. Fifteenth Regiment Infantry. — Charles S. Ilsley, Port- land, Captain ; Lawrence J. Joyce, Brunswick, Captain ; John C. Cobb, Windham, Lieutenant ; Francis 0. S. Howe, Standish, Lieutenant ; John Fitzgerald, Brunswick, Lieu- tenant. Twentieth Regiment Infantry. — -Joshua L. Chamberlain, Brunswick, Colonel, promoted to Brigadier-General ; John M. Brown, Portland, Adjutant, promoted to Captain Co. A and A. A. G. ; Abner O. Shaw, Portland, Surgeon ; Wm. W. Morrill, Brunswick, Captain, killed May 8, 18()4 ; Howard L. Prince, Cumberland, Captain ; George W. Fur- bish, Portland, First Lieutenant ; James H. Nichols, Bruns- wick, First Lieutenant ; Joseph Fuller (2d), Brunswick, First Lieutenant. Twenty-third Regiment Infantry. — -Horace C. Little, Bridgton, Captain ; Henry B. Cleaves, Bridgton, First Lieu- tenant; Grauville Fernold, HarrLson, Second Lieutenant. Twenty-seventh Regiment Infantry. — Edward M. Rand, Portland, Adjutant. Thirteenth Regiment Infantry. — Ncal Dow, Colonel, Port- land ; Frederick Speed, Adjutant, Gorhaui ; Seth C. Gor- don, A.ssistant Surgeon, Gorham ; Henry D. Moore, Port- land, Chaplain ; Charles R. March, Portland, Captain ; Isaac F. Quimby, Westbrook, Captain ; Augustine Clough, Port- land, Lieutenant ; Isaiah Randall, Portland, Lieutenant ; John H. Sherburne, Portland, Lieutenant ; Aaron Wing, Westbrook, Lieutenant; George E. Moulton, Westbrook, Lieuteuant. Thirty-first Regiment Infantry. — John H. Kendall, Bridgton, Surgeon ; Henry S. B. Smith, Brunswick, As- sistant Surgeon ; Herbert R. Sargent, Portland, Captain Company C ; Thomas P. Reals, Portland, Captain Company H ; Henry G. Mitchell, Portland, Second Lieutenant Com- pany H. Thirty-second Regiment Infantry. — John M. Brown, Portland, Lieutenant-Colonel ; John H. Kendall, Bridgton, Surgeon, transferred to 31st; Henry S. B. Smith, Bruns- wick, Assistant Surgeon, transferred to 81st; Herbert R. Sargent, Portland, Captain, transferred to 31st; Jo.seph B. Hammond, New Gloucester, Captain Company D; George H. Chadwell, Portland, Captain Company H ; Thomas P. Beals, Portland, Captain Company H, transferred to 31st Regiment ; Charles F. Burr, Freeport, First Lieutenant Com- pany C ; Henry G. Mitchell, Portland, Second Lieutenant Company H, transferred to 31st Regiment. First Regiment Cavalry. — -John Goddard, Colonel, Cape Elizabeth ; Eu.stis Bigelow, Quartermaster-Sergeant, Port- laud ; Nathan Mayhew, Captain, Portland ; Stephen Booth- by. Lieutenant, Portland ; John H. Goddard, Lieutenant, Portland ; Jarvis C. Stevens, Lieutenant, Portland. Sharpshooters. — James D. Fessenden, Portland, Captain. Fifth Battery Mounted Artillery. — George F. Leppien, Portland, Captain ; William F. Twitchell, Sr., Portland, First Lieutenant ; Ezra Clark, Jr., Portland, Second Lieuten- ant; Edward N. Whittier, Gorham, Second Lieutenant; Charles 0. Hunt, Gorham, Second Lieutenant. Seventh Battery Mounted Artillery. — Lorrin E. Bundy, Portland, First Lieuteuant. Unassigned Companies. — Aaron Ring, Westbrook, Cap- tain ; George L. Fickett, Portland, Captain ; Newman Smith, Brunswick, First Lieutenant ; Henry Green, Freeport, First Lieutenant ; J. Frank Kendall, Bridgton, First Lieutenant ; Joseph W. Doughty, Windham, First Lieutenant; Frederick D. Lovell, Portland, Firet Lieutenant ; Charles Bennett, Bridgton, Second Lieutenant ; Horace Wilson, Gorham, Second Lieutenant ; Giliuan Webster, Portland, Second Lieutenant. Sixteenth Infantry. — George W. Edwards, Gorham, Second Lieutenant Company B ; Henry P. Herrick, North Yarmouth, Second Lieutenant Company D ; Thomas C. Wentworth, Gorham, Captain Company F ; Oliver H. Lowell, Gorham, First Lieutenant Company F. First Regiment Heavy Artillery. — Thomas H. Talbot, Portland, Lieutenant-Colonel. First Regiment Maine Cavalry. — John II. Goddard, Portland, First Lieutenant Company E ; Stephen Boothby, Portland, Captain Company F ; Walstein Phillips, First Lieutenant Company F ; William F. Stone. Second Lieu- tenant Company II. Sixth Battery First Mounted Artillery. — Edwin B. Dow, Portland, Captain ; Orville W^. Merrill, Portland, Second Lieutenant; Jeremiah Gardnier, Portland, Quartermaster- Sergeant. Second Regiment Sharpshooters. — Daniel L. Cumniings, Portland, First Lieutenant. Fourth Infantry. — Seth C. Hutehins, Windham, Sur- geon ; Solomon S. Stearns, Portland, First Lieuteuant Com- pany F. MISCELLANEOUS. 167 Nineteenth Infantry. — Almon Goodwin, Baldwin, Second Lieutenant Company C. Second Cavalry. — Rodolph L. Dodge, Portland, Second Lieutenant Company C. HOME GUARD. It was deemed necessary that the city of Portland and its commerce should be afforded some protection from the depredations of privateers, and Capt. James Staples' com- pany of Home Guards was placed in occupation of Port Scanimel, commanding the entrance to the harbor, in July, 18G1. They occupied this station till the 13th of Sep- tember, 1862, when, in accordance with orders from the War Department, they were mustered out and discharged from the United States service. During the pendency of the draft, Capt. John M. Beal's company of State Guards — a most efficient military organi- zation at Portland, well armed and equipped by the State — were by General Order No. 8, of June 27, 1863 (which received the subsequent approval of the Secretary of War), called into service upon the requisition of Hon. Jacob JVIc- Lellan, mayor of the city, and remained in active duty at Portland and vicinity as a picket guard upon the shores adjacent to the ship channels, guarding all the approaches to the inner harbor, and partially manning the incomplete fortifications until Aug. 19, 1863, when they were mustered out of the service by General Order No. 16, of that date. Some sixteen privates and three non-commissioned officers of this company were retained in the service as a guard at the State Arsenal, and for occasional picket duty elsewhere, until the 15th of September, when they were finally dis- charged from further active duty. During the draft of 1863, the counties of Cumberland and York constituted the First Military District, with head- quarters at Portland. C. H. Doughty, provost-marshal ; Edward S. Morris, commissioner; Theodore M. Jewett, M.D., surgeon. CHAPTER XXXII L MISCELLANEOUS. The " Tacony" Affair — Quarters and Camps — Bounties — Relief for Soldiers' Families — The Draft. THE TACONY AFFAIE. "The prompt and vigilant action on the part of the civil authorities in capturing the officers and crew of the rebel bark ' Tacony,' in the harbor of Portland, on the 26th of June, 1863," says the adjutant-general of the State, " forms one of the most brilliant pages in the history of the war, and will ever be remembered as a gallant and praise- worthy afifair." We extract the following account of this transaction from the Adjutant-General's Report for 1863, pages 15 to 23, inclusive : " The commander of the ' Taoony' was Lieut. C. W. Read, a commis- sioned officer of the rebel navy. For some time he had pursued his depredations on the coast, when, learning that Federal cruisers were after him, and fearing recognition, he captured, June 24th, the fishing schooner 'Archer,' of Southport, ninety ton.s, and after transferring everything to her, burned the 'Tacony.' The 'Archer' was then headed for Portland for the purpose of cutting out the United States revenue cutter, ' Caleb Cushing,' lying in the stream, and of destroy- ing the uncompleted United States gunboats ' Pontoome' and ' Aga- wam,' moored at Franklin wharf, as well as other shipping in the harbor. While on the way, two fishermen of Falmouth, — Albert P. Bibber and Elbridge Titcomb, — who were hauling their trawls in a small boat about eight miles to the southeast of Daroariscovc Island, were captured by Read, whose intention was to use them as pilots, but they refused to serve, and were shortly afterwards confined below. "About sunset the ' Archer' camo to anchor to the ea-'tward of Pomeroy Rock, off Fish Point in Portland Harbor. At this place the rebel cruisers remained, waiting for the hour to arrive when they should carry their daring enterprise into execution. The clearness of the night, it is believed, deterred them from accomplishing the whole of their audacious purpose. Between the hours of one and two o'clock they approached the 'Caleb Cushing' with muflled oars. She was heavily armed, provided with two months' provisions, and was under order to cruise in search of the ' Tacony' ; but on account of the illness and death of her commander, Capt. George Clark, she was delayed until the arrival of a new commander, and was in charge ot Lieut. Davenport. 'Ihe cutter was boarded on each side by Read and his companions, who were armed with revolvers and cutlasses. No sooner were they on deck than they quickly seized and ironed the watch. The unusual noise that occurred aroused Lieut. Davenport from his slumber, who, as he came uptm deck, was seized, together with the crew, about twenty in number, all of whom were ironed and placed below. Having obtained possession of the cutter, the anchor was weighed, being unable to ship cable, and at about three o'clock she was towed out of the harbor by placing two boats ahead. — pro- ceeding seaward by the way of Hussey's Sound, thus avoiding the forts, — followed by the 'Archer,' which sent a boat to her containing Bibber, who was placed on board. Read passed through the passage between Cow Island and }Iog Island, standing out to sea by Green Islands. At ten a.m. he was about fifteen miles from the city, when the wind died away and left him becalmed. "The seizure of the cutter was first made known about half-past seven o'clock, when she was discovered proceeding outward, from the Observatory on Munjoy Hill. The news circulated like wild-fire, and in a short time tlie city was wild with excitement. Hon. Jedediab Jewett, collector of the port, was promptly informed of the loss of the cutter, and with characteristic energy he immediately com- menced making preparations for the pursuit. The steamer 'Forest City,' Capt. Liscomb, and a smaller steamer called the ' Casco,' to- gether with the steam-tug ' Tiger,' were chartered by that gentleman. A detachment of thirty men from the 17th United States Infantry at Fort Preble was placed aboard the ' Forest City,' besides two rifle twelve-pounders with a sufficient quantity of ammunition. About one hundred citizen volunteers went aboard. The steamer was placed under the charge of Robert A. Bird, Esq., deputy collector of the port, assisted by Lieut. Merriman, who had arrived that morning to take command of the cutter. A detachment from the 7th Maine Vol- unteers, under Adjt. Nickerson, was placed aboard the 'Tiger.' While these preparations were going on, Mr. Jewett proceeded to charter the New York stoiimship 'Chesapeake,' Capt. Willetts, which he found had already been spoken for by Hon. Jacob McLellan, mayor of Portland, and J. B. Brown, Esq., and under the direction of the mayor, assisted by Mr. Wm. F. Leighton, naval inspector, was being put in readiness for pursuit. Bales of cotton were so dis|>osed as to afford protection to those on her deck, as well as to her engines. Two si.\-pounders from the State Arsenal were placed forward, and put under the charge of Lieut. George Waldrun, of the revenue service, and Mr. George J. Berry, United States Naval Engineer, who selected as larboard gunner J. L. Gardiner, a volunteer who had seen service with Farragut on the Mississippi River, and John C. Camber, of Company G, 7th Regiment, an old man-of-war's man, to whom was given charge of the starboard gun. William Bigelow and William Turnbull, two volunteers, were also designated as assistant gunners. Col. Mason, of the 7th Regiment Maine Volunteers, with a detachment of twenty-seven men from the same regiment under Capt. Henry Warren, also went aboard, together with a number of patriotic citizens, who volunteered their services, and who were fur- nished with arms by Mayor MoLellan, and placed under the command of Mr. F. R. Harris, by order of Col. Mason. Plenty of ammunition, 158 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. together with provisions for forty-eight hours, were talicn on boiird. William Willard and Alfred S. Lcighton were directed to serve as pilots. The command of the ' Chesapeake' was given to Mr. William F. Lcighton. " In the mean time the ' Forest City' had taken her departure, leav- ing Fort Preble at about eleven o'clock. The tug ' Tiger' followed closely after. The cutter was seen heading southeast. When the ' Forest City' came within range, Lieut. Read opened upon her with one round cartridge from his thirtytwo-pounder amidships, but with no effect. lie also fired si.\ round shots at her from his twenty-four- pound howitzer forward, each of which .shots fell .short. No flag was shown by him. The 'Forest City' then laid to, waiting for the ' Chesapeake' to come up. "The course of the 'Chesapeake,' after she left the wharf, was southeast; but when the first gun was fired Mr. Lcighton, after con- sultation with Col. Mason, concluded to steer for the cutter and at- tempt to run her down. The guns were ordered to be shotted, and those on board were assigned to their positions. The fifth shot from the cutter brought a response from the ' Chesapeake.' It was pro- nounced a beautiful line shot, and elicited the praise of those on board, but it fell short. " The ' Forest City' then moved slowly towards the ' Chesapeake,' when the latter slackened her speed, and, after a brief consultation, it was decided that the 'Chesapeake' should run the cutter down, the ' Chesapeake' being a propeller and better prepared. "Under a full head of steam the ' Chesiipeake' proceeded directly for the cutter, the air ringing with the cheers of those on board, echoed back with patriotic fervor by those on board the ' Forest City.' Steadily she kept on her course until within two miles of the cutter, when a boat was seen lowered from the cutter freighted with men, who were supposed to be boarders, and preparations were accordingly made to receive them. At the same time another shot came skipping over the water, which fell short. The boat, on approaching nearer, was found to contain Lieut. Davenport and the cutter's crew, who had been set adrift with their irons on. On their being taken aboard and placed below another shot came from the cutter, and the grape went shrieking through the rigging of the ' Chesapeake' witii but trifling injury. The blind and window of Capt. Willett's room on the upper deck, between the fore and mainmasts, were also perforated by two minie-balls, which, it is supposed, were fired at Mr. Lcighton about this time, who afibrded a prominent mark while standing on the upper deck. At this crisis the rebels abandoned the cutter, after hav- ing fired her, taking to the two boats. The ' Chesapeake' ran within half a mile of the cutter, but not deeming it prudent to approach nearer, as it was known that the fire was directly over the magazine, she stood away, keeping, however, in that vicinity. " Meanwhile the ' Forest City' pursued the two boat-loads of rebels, who were making for the Harpswell shore, overhauling them and taking them prisoners without any resistance. .She also picked up Bibber, who had been set adrift in his boat when the cutter was off Cod Ledge. '• At two o'clock the magazine of the cutter, containing four htnidred pounds of ])Owder, exploded with a terrible concussion. The fate of the 'Caleb Cushing' being decided, the exjiedition returned to the city. On the way the ' Archer,' with the remaining three of the * Ta- cony's' crew and Titcomb, the captured fisherman, was caught by the < Forest City,' while she was trying to escape, and taken in tow. All of the rebel prisoners, numbering twenty-three, were landed at Fort Preble, where they were placed in close confinement, " The brilliant achievement of the e.tpedition was honored by the ringing of bells and firing of cannon, and the wharves and every available point wore alive with people on its arrival, who indulged in other joyous demonstrations. " The prompt and efficient action of Collector Jewett merited the warmest approval of Hon. S. P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury. In an autograph letter to Mr. Jewett the Secretary writes: [copy.] "Treasduy Dkpartme.nt, July 3, 1S03. "Sir : I have received and read with great interest your detailed report of the seizure of the cutter ' Cushing,' and the measures taken by you for her recapture. "Your promptness and efficiency, resulting in the capture of the piratical rebels and their vessel, imd the liberation of Liout. Daven- port and the crew of the cutter, merits and receives my entire appro- bation and earnest thanks. I request you to convey also to Col. Mason and the volunteers under his command, to the commander of Fort Preble, and to the officers of the steamers employed, my thanks for the service so promptly rendered at your request. '* I am very respectfully, "S. P. Chase, " iSecrelary of the Trcusurij, " Jeoediah Jewett, " Cotkrtoi; d-c, Portland, Me." "At a meeting of the city government of Portland, July 6th, a resolution passed both branches, tendering the thanks of the City Council to William F. Leighton, United States Navy; George J. Berry, United States Navy ; Col. M. E. Mason, of the army, and his command; Capt. Willetts, of the steamer 'Chesapeake'; Capt. Lis- comh, of the steamer ' Forest City,' and to all others engaged in the enterprise, for their most valuable services in the successful attack on the pirates who seized the cutter ' Caleb Cushing,' in which attack the pirates not only lost their prize, but were themselves ca])tured with the vessel to which they had transferred their most necessary weapons of offense, with which they intended to pursue their nefarious depre- dations upon our commerce. " The following is a list, as far as I have been able to obtain, of those citizens who volunteered their services on the ' Chesapeake' : John Green, F. B. Furlong, S. S. Murray, II. C. AVood, Edward Grafi'am, C. K. Babb. N. J. Miller, Jr., 0. M. Marratt, J. W. Brack- ett, S. W. Prince, William Leavitt, M. McBride, VI. H. McAllister, E. Efner, Charles Gordon, II. E. Ham, F. C. Emery, D. M. Patch, F. Robinson, George Newell, J. S. White, T. C. Lewis, Henry Foy, C. Marwiok, W. E. S. Whitman (reporter Daily Evcuiuy Cuueler), W. H. Fessenden, F. V. Carney, J. M. Gould, Howard Gould, Clarence Ab- bott, E. 0. Haile (reporter Daily Artjun), Henry Fo.\, J. G. Lewis, C. S. Akers, Ed. Hall. J. S. Winslow, Frederick Ilsley, James Doughty, F. R. Harris, Charles Knapp, J. L. Gardiner, W'illiam Bigelow, Wil- liam Turnbull, J. C. Camber, H. B. Brown, Rev. J. W. Levering. " I have been unable to obtain a list of those on the * Forest City.' " The following is a list of the cutter's men captured by the rebels : Lieut. Davenport, George R. Plummer, Byron S. Blish, Robert P. Davis, Samuel A. Prince, John Avilline, Peter Warren, Benjamin Ashby, John Matson, George McCarty, George H. Rand, Edward Mahomey, Edward J. AV. Morris, Charles Wilson, Henry Finnegan, Dickson Wesoott, John Hayes, John Collins, Thomas Hefran, Alex- ander Hayden, James Bush. "On reaching the 'Archer,' the twelve-pounder brass howitzer, which was on board the ' Tacony,' was found, together with arms and ammunition ; also the burgee of the ' Tacony,' with the name upon it, and other flags belonging to that vessel ; also the chronometer, and a tin case containing vessels' papers, charts, log-book, and private jour- nals, giving operations of the 'Tacony.' Two barrels of beef were also found. " AVhen Lieut. Read was taken, he delivered to Capt. Liscomb, of the ' Forest City,' his private carpet-hag containing papers, registers, etc., of the various vessels he had captured, inclosed in a tin ease. Over $300,000 worth of bonds given by the various vessels he had captured were recovered."* In a letter written by Lieut. Read, while at Fort Preble, to Lieut. Babson, confined in Fort Lafayette, he says, — " It was my intention when I came to Portland to cut out a sea- going steamer, but strange to say, at the decisive moment, Mr. Brown (whom you will remember in connection with the breaking down of the 'Arkansas' engine) declared himself incompetent to work the en- gines of the steamer unless he had another engineer to ca-operato with him. All my jilans were thus crushed, and I was compelled to take the cutler out as a dernier reason. If there had been a brceie we would have been far out at sea before daylight, having committed considerable destruction in the harbor of Portland." MISCELLANEOUS. Under the head of " Quarters," the adjutant-general, in his report for 1861, remarks, — * For list of vessels taken by him see Adjutant-General's Report, 1863, pages 21, 22. MISCELLANEOUS. 159 "The municipal authorities of Portland, from the commencement of military operations, promptly offered the State the use of so much of their new and splendid city building as was necessary to initiate and carry forward to completion all such organizations as it was deemed advisable to rendezvous at or near that locality. The 1st, 5th, 6th, 10th, and 12th Regiments were thus accommodated with head- quarters for the various stall" duties. The 1st Regiment, upon its return to Portland, was there mustered out of service, aud the 2d Regiment, Col. Jameson, was quartered there one night on its way to Washing- ton. This occupation was unavoidably more injurious to the prem- ises than that of almost any other character ; hence the greater obli- gation of the Slate to that city for its prompt appreciation of the necessities of the service and its liberal provision for the emergency." BOUNTIES. Returns of bounties paid for enlistment of soldiers by the several towns of the county of Cumberland under calls for troops by the President from the outbreak of the Rebellion to Feb. 1, 1864, are as follows: Baldwin .$10,0011.00 Bridgton 19,880.00 Brunswick 31,400.00 Cape Elizabeth 31,700.00 Casco 7,500.00 Cumberland 18,686.83 Falmouth 18,232.49 Freeport 22,070.00 Gorham 32,515.00 Gray 20,095.00 Harpswell 7,750.00 Harrison 7,977.00 Naples 9,069.00 New Gloucester 12,500.00 North Yarmouth 12,380.00 Otisfleld 12,1(10.00 Portland 184,136.00 Pownal • 9,410.00 Raymond 9,800.00 Scarborough 17.030.00 Sebago 8,250.00 Standish 20,690.37 Westbrook (including Deering) 42,000.50 Windham 28,645.00 Yarmouth 16,905.00 Total for county $610,912.19 AID TO soldiers' FAMILIES. The following statement shows the amount furnished by the several towns of Cumberland County for soldiers' fami- lies under the Acts of March 19, 18G2, and March 25, 186,3, as per records of the executive council. Baldwin $856.24 Bridgton 2,007.51 Brunswick 6 451.42 Cape Elizabeth 2,774.11 Casco 932.32 Cumberland 920.57 Falmouth 1,028.63 Freeport 2,080.69 Gorham 3,858.71 Gray 585.96 Harpswell 1,305.89 Harrison 479.65 Naples 1,040.40 New Gloucester 1,620.70 North Yarmouth 107.4" Otisfleld 176.16 Portland 30,339.73 Pownal 439.44 Raymond 1,550.77 Scarborough 1.834.55 Sebago 217.17 Standish 1,463.16 Westbrook (including Deering) 5,902.75 Windham 2,387.16 Yarmouth 1,930.85 Total for county $72,294.01 DRAFT FROM JULY, 1863, TO JANUARY 1, 1864. This county was included during the draft in the first Congressional district, with headquarters at Portland. The district was divided into sub-districts corresponding with the towns, and numbered alphabetically. Board of Enrollment. — Charles H. Doughty, Provost- Marshal ; Edward S. Morris, Commissioner ; Tiieodore Jewett, M.D., Surgeon. There were drafted in this county 1883 men ; 357 fur- nished substitutes, 83 paid commutation, and 24 entered the service. The balance, 1415, were exempted for disa- bility and other legal causes. CITY OF PORTLAND. Portland is tlic chief commercial city of the State of Maine, and the seat of justice of Cumberland County. It is situated upon a neck of land about throe miles long and three-fourths of a mile in average width, nearly surrounded by water, having in front of it, in Fore River, the finest harbor on the coast, and in its rear. Back Cove, a body of water also accessible to shipping at high tide. The islands attached to the city comprise an aggregate area of nearly 8000 acres, viz.: Peaks, 750 acres; Long, 912; Bangs, 266 ; House, 20 ; Great Diamond (otherwise Hog Lsland), 468 ; Little Diamond, 80 ; Crotch, the part appertaining to the city, 114 ; Hope, the city's portion, 2 ; Little Chebeague, 80 (the remainder of the island, about 20 acres, being at- tached to Cumberland) ; Jewels, 221 ; Cow, 28 ; Ram, 18 ; Marsh, 14 ; Crow, Overset, Pumpkin, Knob, and Green Islands might add 20 acres more. The geographical posi- tion of the custom-house in the city, as determined by the United States coast survey in 1874, is latitude 43° 39' 28" north, and longitude 70° 15' 18" west from Greenwich. Portland was incorporated as a city in 1832, after having passed through two hundred years of eventful experience from the date of its first settlement, having been twice de- stroyed by the Indians and once burned by the British. It owes its original settlement in 1632 to a contest in regard to the title to land at the mouth of the Spurwink River, between Winter, as the agent of Trelawny, on the one part, and George Cleaves and Richard Tucker on the other. Winter succeeded in the Provincial Court in sustaining the title of Trelawny, and the ejected parties sought refuge upon the Neck, now Portland. This Neck, Cleaves declared, " was known first by the name of Machigonne, being a neck of land which was no man's possession or occupation, and therefore he seized upon it as his own inheritance by virtue of a royal proclamation of our late sovereign lord King James, of blessed memory, by which he freely gave unto every subject of his which should transport himself over into this country, upon his own charge, for himself and for every person he should transport, 150 acres of land." He further declared that he continued the occupation from year to year, under this possession, without interruption or de- mand from any, at the end of which time, being " desirous to enlarge his limits in a lawful way, addressed himself to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the proprietor of this province, and obtained, for a sum of money and other considerations, a warrantable lease of enlargement, bounded as by relation thereunto had, doth, and may appear." This statement is made in an action which Winter brought against Cleaves in 1640, to recover possession of this tract too, claiming the whole under a grant to Tre- lawny ; in this he failed, and Cleaves was left in full posses- sion. This is the origin of Portland, which was first called 160 Cleaves' Neck, then Munjoy's Neck, and sometimes Casco and Old Casco, from its position on Casco River and Bay. The lease referred to bears date January 27th in the twelfth year of the reign of Charles I., whose reign began March 29, 1625, which would make the date Jan. 24, 1637. It is an indenture "betweenSirFerdinandoGorges, of Ashton Phillipes, in the county of Somerset, Knight, of the one party, and George Cleaves, of Casco, in the province of New Somerset, in New England, in America, Es(juire, and Richard Tucker, of Casco, aforesaid, Gent., of the other party." It recites the consideration of £100. The fol- lowing is the description of the premises : "All that part, inirpart. and portion of lauil in America, parcel of New England in Amoriea, hereafter in these presents described, . . . that is to say, that part, etc., of lands beginning at the furthermost point of a neck of land called by the Indians Machigonne, and now and forever henceforth to be called anil known by the name of Sto- gummor, and so along the same westerly as it tendcth to the first fall of a little river issuing out of a very small pond, and from thence over land to the falls of Presumsoa, being the first falls on the river upon a straight l\ne, containing, by estimation, from fall to fall, near about an English mile, which, together with the said neck of land that the said George Cleaves and the said Richard Tucker have plant for divers years now expired, is estimated in the whole to be 1500 acres or thereabouts, as also one island adjacent to the said premises, and now in the tenor and occupation of the said George Cleaves and Richard Tucker, commonly called and known by the name of Hogg Island." The term of the lease was two thousand years, by paying the yearly rent of two shillings the hundred for every hun- dred acres. Possession was given June 8, 1637, by Arthur Mackworth, who lived on the point at the mouth of Pre- sumpscot River, which, with the island opposite, are called Mackey's, a corruption of his name. This lease is the origin of the titles to a large portion of this domain, containing, it is apparent, much more than 1500 acres, as held at this day. Cleaves, on his return with his lease, brought over his son-in-law, Michael Mitton, with his family, and leased to him 60 acres under authority from Gorges, — Peaks (then called Pond) Island, at the mouth of the harbor; and afterwards, Jan. 1, 1651, con- veyed to him 100 acres of land at Clark's Point on the Neck, "adjoining his dwelling-house, which he had pos- sessed for ten years." And in 1658 he conveyed to him a further tract, beginning at the point of rocks where Sawyer's wharf was built, and extending west to his other purchase and across to Back Cove. Cleaves and Tucker parcelled out their lands to various persons on the Neck, at Back Cove, and on the Presump- scot, under whom it is now, in many cases, held, particu- larly and most prominently the Bramliall title, embracing the hill at the western end of the Neck, which bears his name ; the Brackett title, extending from Bramhall's down CITY OF PORTLAND. IGl below High Street, and stretching across the town ; and the Munjoy title, covering the promontory at the eastern end of the Neck nearly up to India Street. The first of the original deeds is from Cleaves to Hope Allen, dated May 23, 1U60, from whom the property came to George Branihall, who lived and carried on a tannery under the hill, and who was killed there by llie Indians in the second Indian war. The original deed from Cleaves of Munjoj' Hill is dated September, 1659, and was made to John Phillips, of Boston, whose only daughter, IMary, George Munjoy married about 1652. Munjoy, wlio came from Boston, was an accomplished man, and fur many years an most active and useful citizen, and a magistrate of the town. His family held the property until the resettlement of the town in 1718, when they sold it to some speculators who were then purchasing old titles. Tiie Brackett tide de- scended from Cleaves, whose only daughter, Elizabeth, married Michael Mitton. Mitton's daughter, Anne, married Anthony Brackett, and his daughter, Mary, Thomas Brack- ett, Anthony's brother, whose descendants retained a large portion of the property until after the Revolution, parting with it gradually as the wants of the town pressed upon it. Thomas Brackett was killed near his dwelling-house, in the neighborhood of Clark's Point, in 1676, by the Indians, and Anthony by the same enemy, on his farm at Back Cove (since the Peering farm) in 1689. Thaddeus Clark, from whom Clark's Point derives its name, came from Ireland, married Elizabeth, another daughter of Michael Mitton, and lived near the Point. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Capt. Edward Tyng, distinguished in the liistory of Mas.sachusetts, and his youngest, John Graves. Mitton had but one son, Nathaniel, who was killed by the Indians, unmarried, and thus the name became ex- tinct. But the blood of the first settlers flows through in- numerable and honored channels scattered far and wide through the country. George Cleaves erected his house fronting the Bay just east of India Street, and his cornfield stretched westerly to near Clay Cove. In his deed to Phillips we have the fol- lowing description : "All that tract, parcel, or Neck, in Casco Bay, and now in pos- Bcssiun of me, the said George Cleaves, on wbich lay dwelling-house stundeth, by the luetcs and bounds herein expressed; that is to say, to begin at the point of land commonly called Machigunne, and be- ing northeasterly from ray said bouse, and so along by the water side from the house southwesterly to the southwest end of my cornlicld." George JIunjoy lived a little east.* Phillips did not » The following deposition given by John Allisct in Boston, May 6, I73G, states some interesting facts on this subject: "John Allisct, aged about eighty years, testifyeth and saith, that he formerly lived in Falmouth, in Casco Bay, and that he well knew Mr. George Cleaves and Mr. George Munjoy, and Mary his wife, with whom he lived eight years, and that there is a certain run of water about tiventy rods distant from the Fort I'uint, lying about north from the said Fort I'oiut. That he well remembers that George Cleaves bad a house and lived therein, which was upon the northerly side of said run of water; that be also well remembers that there was a meeting-house built on a point of Mr. Munjoy's land, bearing about northeast or easterly from Mr. Munjoy's house.'' The magician's wand has touched all those old spots. The "run of water" referred to was carried down to the beach in an aqueduct for the supply of vessels. The I'ortland Company's Works took the place of the old " meeting-bouse," which stood on Jordan's I'oint. 21 come here to re.side : he, in connection with Munjoy, car- ried on a large business in lumber, and the latter pureha.sed an extensive tract at Saccarappa, including the falls there, which was afterwards called the Cooper Claim. Phillips was a merchant in Boston, and deacon of the Old North Church ; he died there in 1683. The name of Falmouth was given to the town by the commissioners of Massachusetts, in July, 1658, when that province extended her jurisdiction over the western part of Maine. They say " Tliosc places formerly called Spurwink and Casco Bay, from the east side of Spurwink River to the Clapboard Lslands, in Casco Bay, shall run back eight miles into the country, and henceforth shall be called by the name of Falmouth." This conventional name could not and did not supersede the familiar Indian names by which particular spots are designated, such as Spurwink, Purpoo- due, Capisic, Saccarappa, and Casco. Previous to the firet Indian war, in 1675, the settlements increased with considerable rapidity ; by 1660 they had extended from Jlartin's Point on the Presumpscot, which took its name from Richard Martin, its earliest occupant, round Back Cove to Fore River. At Purpooduc were the Phippens, Whites, Stannafords, Pcnlcys, and Walliscs ; at Spurwink, the Jordans, with their ancestor. Rev. Robert, at their head, who married Winter's only child. On the Neck, which had not so many advantages for agriculture, and which was occupied by large proprirtors, these were fewer iu numbers. Cleaves occupied the eastern extremity, Milton's family the western, and Tucker the central part. At the commencement of that war there were over forty families in the whole town, five or six of whom were upon the Neck, viz., Thomas Brackett, Thaddeus Clark, George Munjoy, John Munjoy (his son), George Burroughs (the minister), Elizabeth Harvey (the daughter of Cleaves), who had married a second husband after the death of Mit- ton, who was also dead, and who died herself in 1682. The Muiijoys occupied the eastern end of the Neck, and ' Brackett and Mrs. Harvey the western end ; a portion of the central part was swampy and covered with bushes and trees, and furrowed with gullies ; on anotlier portion George Burroughs lived. Cleaves at this time was dead; his last appearance was iu November, 1666, and lie probably died soon after at a very advanced age. In 1662 he states his wife's age to have been eighty-seven. Tucker had moved to Portsmouth, N. H., where his widow, Margaret, was liv- ing in 1681, in which year she made a conveyance to her "randson, Nicholas Hodge, by which it is inferred that her daughter married a Hodge, and that Ann Hodge, of New- bury, the wife first of Phineas Jones and afterwards of Jabez Fox, was a descendant from Richard Tucker; so that his blood is mingled with that of the Foxes, Waitcs, etc. here, who still occupy a portion of the land which their ancestor first opened to civilization. Michael Hodge, of Salisbury, mariner, in 1742 conveyed to Phineas Jones a tract of land on the Neck, and therein recited that he was the " only representative said Richard Tucker hath." The descendants of Ann Hodge, through her daughters, Hannah The " Fort Point" rcferre I to was the point at the foot of India Street, where stooi Fort Loyal. 162 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. married to John Waite, Ann married to Ricliard Codnian, and tlie children of Jabez Fox, arc particuhuly mentioned in another part of this work. In 1075 the town was flouri.sliing. In tlie fisheries, in lumber and agriculture its resources wore ample and rapidly improving. The. sites mos-t favorable to these pursuit.^ were occupied, and there was every token given of a rising and populous settlement. But in the midst of those bright prospects the Indian war let loose upon the peaceful inhabi- tants the untamed ferocity of the native savages, who over- run and destroyed every vestige of improvement, sacrificing the lives of all who stood in their way, and prostrating by the fire-brand and tomahawk the whole settlement in in- discriminate ruin. In this attack 34 persons were killed and taken captives. Among the killed were Thomas Brackett, John Slunjoy, and Isaac Wakeley, upon the Neck. Thomas Braekett's family was carried into captivity, with several others in other parts of the town. The place remained desolate during the remainder of the war. On ttie conclusion of peace by a treaty made at Casco, April 12, 1G78, the inhabitants began to return to their ruined sites. In November of that year George Bramhall, of Portsmouth, purchased of Edward Allen the hill which bears his name, embracing 400 acres, formed a settlement upon it, and carried on tanning as an occupation. Anthony Brackett returned to his farm in 1679, and others flocked in to occupy the old lots or to receive grants for new ones. In tlie mean time Massachusetts had secured her title, not only to the jurisdiction, but to the soil, by the purchase of the territory from the heirs of Sir F. Gorges, lying between the Piscataqua and the mouth of the Ken- nebec. The deed bears date March 15, 1678. They es- tablished a government over it, at the head of which Thomas Danforth, of Boston, was appointed. Fort Loyal was erected in 1G80 at the foot of India Street, and in September of that year Governor Danforth held a court in it, for the regulation of the new settlement and for the arrange- ment of the inhabitants in a compact manner, with a view to their protection from future attacks by the Indians. " The fort was erected and the house-lots ordered on a con- siderable portion of Cleaves' cornfield."* On the west side of Clay Cove eight lots were granted, among which were John, George, and Samuel IngersoU's, the latter being at the foot of what is now Exchange Street, the former where Willow enters Fore Street, and George's between them, though not occupying the whole distance. These lots are held under those titles at this day. Lots were granted on India, then called Broad, Street, and on the bay east of it. The old titles were respected where claims were interposed and proved. In 1681 a special agreement was entered into between the government and Mrs. Munjoy, whereby her title to Munjoy Hill was forever secured to her and her heirs and assigns. Her husband, Munjoy, died in 1680, and the same year she married Capt. Robert Lawrence, who was killed in the second Indian war. Her third husband was Stephen Cross, of Boston, where she died in 1705, without issue by either of her husbands but Munjoy.f « Blnckinnn's report to Governor Andros, March 27, 1C8S. t George Munjoy wns a son of John Munjoy, of Aljbotshiiin, in the county of Devon, Englunil, born in lG2fi; was ailniitteil a frciinau in Capt. Lawrence built a stone house on Munjoy Hill, and houses were erected in the neighborhood of the fort, and upon other parts of the Neck, some of which, as those of Tyng, Clark, and Bramhall, were on the banks of the river above where State Street now is ; Bowdoin's was below. The character of the inhabitants in this middle period of Port- land's liistory was of a superior order. There were among them Peter Bowdoin, or, more properly, Pierre Baudouin, and his son-in-law, Stephen Boutineau, two French Hu- guenots, who fled from France on the repeal of the edict of Nantes. Mr. Bowdoin was a physician of llochelle, who subsequently established him.self in Boston, and was the ancestor of the respectable family there of that name. Philip Bargcr, Philip Le Bretton, Augustine Jean were probably others of the same persecuted sect who sought refuge in this land. Besides these were George Burroughs (the min- ister'), Thaddeus Clark, tlie Bracketts, Silvanus Davis, John Graves, Henry Harwood, the Ingersolls, Robert Lawrence, and Edward Tyng. Davis was a man of great enterprise and intelligence; he had a thorough knowledge of this coast, and, under the charter of 1691, was a counselor in Massa- chusetts for Sagadahock. He was captured in the second Indian attack on Falmouth in 1690, and being exchanged after the peace, established his residence iu Boston, where he died in 1703. Edward Tyng came here in 1680, and soon after married the daughter of Thaddeus Claik, and granddaughter of George Cleaves, by whom he had four children, viz., Ed- ward, born in 1683; Jonathan, who died young; Mary, who married Rev. John Fox, of Waburn ; and Elizabeth, who married a brother of Dr. Franklin. The Foxes now resident here are lineal descendants through their ancestors. Rev. John and Jabez Fox, the first comers here, of George Cleaves, and, as we have before seen, of Richard Tucker, through Ann Hodge ; so that the blood of Cleaves and Tucker is united in the family. Edveard Tyng commanded Fort Loyal in 1680-81, and was a counselor in Massachu- setts in 1686. He had three houses on the Neck, one of which was a very respectable mansion in which he resided, situated on the bank just above Slate Street. He was ap- pointed commodore of the squadron from Mas.sachusetts in the attack on Louisbourg in 1745, and in the "Province" brig, of 24 guns, captured the French 64-gun ship, " Vigi- lante." He died, in Boston, Sept. 8, 1755. Thaddeus Clark was killed by the Indian.s in an ambuscade, with 13 of his company, in 1690; his widow died in Boston in 1736, aged ninety-two years. During the ten years interval between the first and second Indian wars, the growth of Falmouth was rapid ; the popu- lation of the town had attained to about 700, of which number about 25 families lived on the Neck ; about 40 families resided at Spurwink and Stroudwater, and the remainder at Back Cove, Capisic, and Presumpseot. These were zealously pursuing their various occupations, sub- duing the forest, bringing the lands under cultivation, and Massachuselts in 1647. His children were John. Mary, George, Jo- si;ih, I'clctiah, ami Ilepzibah. John, the eldest sun. born in Boston, April 17, 165;i, wns killed, as before stated, in lB7fl, leaving a widow ane; 1820-32, Charles B. Smith. TOWN TREASURERS, 1786-18.'j2. 17SC-1801, Kiioch llsley; ISOl-S, Lemuel Weeks; 1808-19. Malthcw Cobb;' 1819-23, Samuel Trask ; 1823-20, Joseph M. Gerrish ; 1820-32, Charles B. Smith. REPRESENTATIVES AT THE GENERAL COURT OF M.\SSA- CIIUSETTS.* 1787-88, John Fox; 1789, Daniel Davis; 1790, John Fo.x, Daniel Davis ; 1791, John Fox ; 1792, John Fo.x, Daniel Davis ; 1 793-94, Daniel Davis, Daniel llsley; 1795, Daniel Davis, Samuel Waldo; 1790-97, Daniel Tucker; 1798-1800, Woodbury Storer; 1801-2, Joseph Titcomb; 1S03, William Syrames: 1804, Joseph Tilcomb, AVilliam Symmcs, Matthew Cobb, Daniel Tucker; ISOa, the same and Smith Cobb; 18U0-7, George Bradbury, Joseph Tilcomb, Joseph 11. Ingraham, Matthew Cobb, William Jenks; 1808-9, the same and Isaac Adams; ISIO, Daniel Tucker, Joseph Tjt- ciimb, Matthew Cobb, Jos. H. Ingraham, William Jenks, Isaac Adams ; 1811, Joseph Titcomb, A^itihcw Cobb, George Bradbury, Jos. H. Ingraham, Is.aac Adams, Enoch Preble; 1812, George Bradbury, .Jos. 11. Ingraham, Isaao Adams, Enoch Preble, Rich- ard Hunnewcll, J. Neal, William Crabtreo; 1813, Jos. II. Ingra- ham, Isaac AdanLs, Enoch Preble, J. Neal, Stephen Longfellow, William Francis, Seward Porter; 1814, the same, except Enoch Preble; 1815, Jos. 11. Ingraham, Isaac Adams, J. Neal, Seward Porter, II. Smith, William B Sewell ; 1810, Josiah Paine, Jacob Quincy, Daniel How, Robert Strong, P. Varnum, John Mussey, Jr.; 1817, Joseph H. Ingraham, Isaac Adams; 1818, Isaac Adams, John Woodman ; 1819, Charles Fox, N. Kinsman, Samuel Baker, Richard llsley, Samuel Ayer, P. Vanium. MAYORS OF THE CITY. Andrew L. Emeison,t Jonathan Dow, 1832 ; John Anderscm, 1833 ; Levi Cutter, 1834-41; James C. Churchill, 1841-42; John An- derson, 1842-43; Eliphalet Greeley, 1843-49 ; James B. Cahoon, 1849-51 ; Neal Dow, 1851-52; Albion K. Parris, 1852-53; James B. Cahoon, 1853-55; Neal Dow, 1855-50; James T. McCobb, 1850-57; William Willis, 1857-58; Jedediah Jewett, 1858-00; Joseph Howard, 1800-61; William W. Thomas, 1860-03; Jacob McLellan, 1863-60; Augustus E. Stevens, 1866-68; Jacob Mc- Lellun, 1808-09; Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr., 1870-73; George P. Wescott, 1873-75; Koswell M. Richardson, 1875-70; Francis Fessenden, 1876-77; Moses M. Butler, 1877-79; George Walker, 1879. CITY CLERKS. Jose).h Pope, 1832-42; Albert Smith, 1842-43; Amos Nichols, 181.3-44; William Boyd, 1844-50; James Merrill, 1850-57; William Boyd, 1857-60; James Todd, 1800-01; Jonathan M. Heath, 1801-09; George C. Hopkins, 1809-70; H. I. Robinson, 1870-79. CITY TREASURERS. William Lord, 1832-42; William Moulton, 1842-43; William Lord, 1843-53; James T. McCobb, 1853; Henry P. Lord, 1854-50; Joshua S. Palmer, 1856; Henry P. Lord, 1857-00; Joshua S. Palmer, ISOO; Henry P. Lord. J 1801-67; Henry W. llersoy, 1808-79. » For reprcseniativoa to the Legislature of Maine, see chapter on State Legislature. t Resigned before his term exjiired. J Died this year. MUNICIPAL COURT. EHliMhhcdJune 1, 1825. .ii'STirp.s. Luther Fitch, 1825-54; John H. Williams, 1855-56 ; Henry Carter, 1S50-57; AVilliam Paine, 1858-59; M. D. L. Lane, 1800-61; Aaron B. Holden, 1802-03; Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr., 1803-70; William E. Morris, 1871-75; Enoch Knight, 1875-79. A. W. True, 1853; George E. B. Jackson, 1854; Nathan Webb, 1854-55; E. P. Sherwood, 1855; Samuel Small, 1850-57; Wil- liam E. Morris, 1858-59; William E.Morris, 1803-64; Llewelyn Kidder, 1807-79; George W. Woodbury, 1879. SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION. EARLY HISTORY OF SCHOOLS. In the first days after the revival of tlic town the inhabi- tants were too much occupied in providing for the security of their estates and for their very existence to give much attention to the subject of education. The earliest notice we have in the records of a movement to employ a teacher was Sept. 15, 1729. This was eleven years after the in- corporation of the town, and it seems that the law requir- ing every town of 50 families to support constantly "one Schoolmaster" had not been com[)lied with, for the select- men were requested to " look out for a schoolmaster to pre- vent the town's being presented." We do not know that a teacher was then employed, nor have wo any recorded evi- dence of the presence of such a functionary till 1733, when Robert Bayley was hired at a salary of £70 a year to keep six months on the Neck, three months at Puipooduck, and three months on the north side of Back Cove. Robert Bayley is supposed to have come from Newbury, where the family settled in 1643. In August, 1727, he was admitted a proprietor of Falmouth on the payment of £10, and in February following was granted a house lot on the south side of Middle Street. In 1734 his field of labor as a teacher was varied between the Neck, Purpooduck, Stroud- water, Spurwink, New Casco, and Presumpscot, two months in each, his salary being raised to £75. The next year he divided his time between the first and second parishes, giving .seven months to the former and five to the latter. In 1736 he received six pounds extra as a grammar-school master; hence there was a grammar school in town as early as 1736. It is thought Mr. Sewell took his place the next year, as ho is mentioned in the records as a teacher at that time. The next year Nicholas Hodge, by vote of the town, became teacher of the grammar school. He was then a student at Harvard College, and graduated in 1739. He came back and taught here till 1741, while preparing for the ministry under Rev. Mr. Smith. In 1737 the grammar school became a di.stinct institution of education, in which the higher branches were taught. About this time Samuel Stone kept a school in his own house on the bank of Fore River, near the foot of Centre Street. Thankful Page, born in 1731, says, in a deposition which .she left behind her, that she went to school to Mr. Stone two summers, some time before Cape Breton was taken for the first time. Stone w;is a boat-builder by trade, and was admitted as an inhabitant in 1727. He subsequently removed to Manchester, Mass., where he died in 1778. Photo, by LamsoD, Portland. George Walker was born in Burlington, Mass., Feb. 9, 1820. He was fitted for college by his uncle, the late James Walker, and graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1844. He was principal of the Portland Academy for two years ; read law with the well-known firm of " Howard & Shepley," of Portland, and was admitted to the practice of the law by the Cumberland County bar in 1846. He began the practice of law at Calais, Me., where he remained for two years, and removed to Maehias, Me., M-here he continued in the practice of his profession until November, 1875. He was twice elected treasurer of Washington County, and represented the Machias class in the State Legis- lature of 1868. Mr. W^alker came to Portland in November, 1875, and was elected mayor of the city in March, 1879. He married, in 1851, Henrietta, daughter of the late Hon. Jeremiah O'Brien. Of this union have been born six children, three of whom, two sons and a daughter, survive. CITY OF PORTLAND. 169 In 1745 the salary voted " to pay the teacher now among us" was £130, which, as the currency was then depreciated (seven to one), amounted to the meagre vsum of $80 in silver. April 1 1th, of this year, Stephen Longfellow, the an- cestor of all of that name who have resided in the town, came, and in six days after opened a school, — probably the gram- mar school, — which he continued, in the capacity of princi- pal teacher, until he was appointed clerk of the courts on the division of the county, in 1760. Mr. Longfellow was born in Newbury, in February, 1723, and graduated from Harvard in 1742. He was for many years one of the most active, widely useful, and intelligent citizens of the town, — the father of Stephen, Samuel, and William Longfellow, and one daughter, who married Capt. John Stephenson in 1771. He died at Gorham in 1790, leaving to posterity the well- earned reputation of sound morals and strict integrity. In 1752, £100 lawful money were raised for the support of schools, and £G 13s. 4(/. were " added to the Neck's propor- tion," to a.ssist the inhabitants there to " support a grammar school." In 1753, John Wiswall, afterwards the Episcopal minister, who was then qu;Jifying himself for that oiEce, was the teacher on the Neck. He had graduated at Har- vard in 1749. He left in a few years, on account of his loyalty, at the commencement of the Revolution. Peter T. Smith, a son of the Rev. Thomas Smith, taught school on the Neck in 1755. He had graduated at Harvard in 1753. After teaching the school a short time, he removed to Windham, where he subsequently settled as a minister. About this time a Mr. Wallace began a school, which he taught five or six years, in a one-story school-house, which stood on the corner of Middle and School Streets. He had a wife, and lived in the same building. He came from England, where he had been formerly employed as a draughtsman in the navy yard. In 1756, Jonathan Webb came here from Boston, and soon after opened a school, which he continued to teach for several years. It was kept in an old building, which stood on King Street, next above the towu-house. The building was mounted on piles, and stood a little distance back, the passage to it being a plank platform. Mr. Webb was called by the boys " Pithy" Webb, from a practice he had of putting the pith of the quill into his mouth when he cut it, in making the old-fashioned quill pens, which was the only kind in use in those days. He was a graduate of Harvard, in the class of 1 754 ; married Lucy, the eldest daughter of Brigadier Preble, but had no children by her. He died soon after the war of the Revolution commenced. His successor was Moses Holt, who was also a graduate of Har- vard in 1767, but was cut off in the midst of his honors and promi.se by consumption in 1772. *' M'e may reasou.ably conclude," .says Mr. Willis, '• that two schools conilucteil by male teachers wore regularly kept on the Neck from about 1750, that Mr. Smith succeeded Mr. Wiswall, and that Mr. Webb followed Mr. Smith. In 1760, the time of which we are speak- ing, the number of families on the Neck was about Ifio, furnishing, as we may fairly estimate, a population of about 1000." Besides the schools taught by male teachers, Mrs. Clark, who lived in Plumb Street, taught a school for smaller chil- dren. The severity of her discipline and the harshness of her manners were proverbial. There was also, in 1761, an 22 Irish teacher by the name of Richmond, whose manners and discipline of the same sort produced great indignation. He was, according to Mr. Smith, "a worthless fellow, by means of whom the peace of the neighborhood of the Neck was broken up and dreadful (|uarrelings occasioned." He was brought before Justice Enoch Freeman on a warrant, and bound over to appear before the Court of General Ses- sions, '' to answer his being presented for setting up and keeping a school in Falmouth without the approbation of the selectmen." The selectmen, it seems, had turned him out of town, but he had returned and persisted in teaching school in spite of them and their prohibition. A similar trouble occurred with another " old countryman" by the name of Lyon, who kept school in Fore Street, near Clay Cove, about the commencement of the Revolution. Of a very different class of teachers, however, were two gentle- men who taught in 1761, viz., David Wyer and Theophilus Bradbury. They were men who honored the highest call- ings to which their countrymen assigned them. Both of these gentlemen were then studying law, and were admitted to practice in the Common Pleas in 1762. Mr. Bradbury graduated at Harvard in 1757, and Mr. Wyer in 1758. 3Ir. Bradbury kept a school on Plumb Street, in a house which remained standing till within a quite recent date. They probably did not teach after their admission to the bar, as they were the only lawyers then in the county, and their professional duties immediately absorbed their whole attention. In 1762 four school districts were formed in the First Parish, which included all of ancient Falmouth, except the districts of Purpooduck and New Casco. Two of the dis- tricts were upon the Neck, the third embraced Capisic, Stroudwater, Saccarappa, and Deer Hill, and the fourth Back Cove and the rest of the parish not included in the other districts. On the same occasion it was vot«d that each district should draw money in proportion to the taxes it paid, provided a school were kept in it the whole year. The districts on the Neck were divided by a line drawn across it " between Mr. Freeman's house and Mr. Waldo's," which was a little above where Judge Freeman lived at the time of his death. The upper district extended to " Round Marsh." The only money raised for schools in 1763 was £20, which were wholly appropriated to the grammar school. In 1764, Judge Freeman, then twenty-one years of age, kept a public school, and the next year a private school on the Neck. In 1769, Theophilus Parsons, afterwards the distinguished chief justice of Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College, and immediately came here to pursue his legal studies under the direction of Mr. Bradbury. While preparing for the bar he took charge of one of the public schools on the Neck, which he continued to teach till he was admitted to practice in July, 1774. He kept in a house which stood on King Street, at the intersection of Middle Street, and was removed, in 1774, to Congress Street, and became part of the residence of Jonathan Bryant. Judge Frothingham was also one of the teachers in the public school here, both before and after the Revo- lution. But, notwithstanding the distinguished character of some of the men who taught in the early schools, it 170 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. cannot be claimed that the standard of education was very exalted prior to the Revolution. Several college graduates had caiue to Falmouth, but only two of the natives of the town had gone out to receive a public education prior to that period : these were John and Peter T. Smith, sons of the minister. They graduated at Harvard College, the former in 1745, and the latter in 1753. John became a physician, the other followed the profession of his father. At the beginning of the Revolution there were 13 persons upon the Neck who were liberally educated, and (j of them were engaged in professional pursuits. No important steps were taken for the advancement of education during the period of the Revolution, nor for some time after, till the country had in a measure recovered from the effects of the war. As the means of the people increased, it became an important consideration with them to raise the standard of education in the town And with this view, some of the influential citizens, foremost among whom was Judge Freeman, took measures to establish a higher grade of school than had before existed in the town. THE ACADEMY. In February, 1794, they procured an act incorporating an academy, which was placed under the supervision of 15 trustees, and active measures were taken to raise funds for its support. In 1797 the General Court granted to the trustees half a town.ship of land, provided a fund of $3000 should be formed. The fund was raised after con- siderable effort, and the half township laid out on the east- ern boundary of the State, from which the trustees realized $4000 by its sale to Joseph E. Foxcroft, of New Glouces- ter. The academy was first opened under the instruction of Edward Payson, in 1803, in a two-story wooden build- ing, opposite the meeting-house of the Third Parish, on Congress Street. This was occupied till 1808, when the new academy building on the same street was finished. This building was of brick, and cost $7300. This school was for many years well conducted and liberally supported, and supplied a deficiency in the means of obtaining an education which had long been seriously felt. We find in Mr. Willis' History of Portland, the follow- ing names of native inhabitants who received a liberal education up to 1831 : John Smith, H. C, 1745; Peter T. Smith, H. C, 1753; George Bradbury, H. C, 1789; S. D. Freeman, H. C, 1800; William Freeman, H. C, 1804 ; Isaac Foster Coffin, Bowdoin College, 1806; Charles S. Daveis, B. C, 1807; John Mussey, B. C, 1809; Na- thaniel Deeriug, H. C, 1810 ; John P. Boyd, John P. B. Storer, Charles Freeman, and George Freeman, B. C, 1812; John A. Douglass, B. C, 1814; George Jewett, H. C, 1816; George Chase, H. C, 1818; Edward T. In- graham, B. C., 1819 ; William Boyd, James F. Deering, Frederick A. Cobb, H. C, 1820 ; David H. Storer, B. C, 1822 ; William Cutter, B. C, 1824 ; John D. Kinsman, Stephen Longfellow, Henry W. Longfellow, and Edward D. Preble, B. C, 1825; William Paine, B. C, 1826; William H. Codman, William P. McLcUan, and John Owen, B. C, 1827 ; Edward F. Cutter, B. C, 1828 ; John Q. Day, B. C, 1829; Francis Barbour, B. C, 1830; Ed- ward n. Tliomiis, B. C, 1831. The following are the sons of emigrants educated after their settlement here, viz. : John Wadsworth and James C. Jewett, H. C, 1800; Richard Cobb, B. C, 1806 ; Edward H. Cobb, B. C, 1810 ; William Willis, 11. C, 1813; Rufus K. Porter, B. C, 1813 ; Nathan Cummings and John Widgery, B. C, 1817 ; GrenviUe Mellen, H. C, 1818 ; Winthrop G. Mars- ton, B. C, 1821 ; William P. Fe.ssenden, B. C, 1824 ; Frederick Mellen and P. H. Greenleaf, B. C, 1825; John Rand, B. C, 1831. The immen.se improvement made in the means of com- mon education during the first third of the present century was not without its effect in giving new tone and character to the schools of Portland. In 1831 there were 14 free schools in the city, containing 1545 pupils; 2 of these were on the islands in the harbor. In 1832 there were 1 1 school-houses in the town, 4 of brick and 7 of wood. There were at this time about as many private as public schools, and some of them were of a superior order of ex- cellence. The appropriations for school purposes increa.sed from £30 in 1786 to $5000 in 1827 and $6000 in 1830. In 1848 we find another report showing that at that date the number of schools supported at the public charge was 20 ; the number of pupils belonging to them, 3000 ; and the average attendance, 2700. Among the public schools there was a high or classical school, at which boys were prepared for college, 2 grammar schools for boys and 2 for girls, the 5 containing 1000 pupils. The others were pri- mary schools, taught principally by ladies. For the ac- commodation of these schools the city owned 8 fine brick buildings and 6 wooden buildings. A fine brick school- house was erected on Congress Street in 1848, at a cost of $11,876. At the same time there were in the city about 30 private schools, containing about 1000 scholars, an academy for classical instruction to boys, and several high schools or seminaries for young ladies. For some time previous to the incorporation of the city the monitorial system of teaching had been in vogue in Portland, each school being in charge of a single teacher. We give the following historical sketch of the Park Street and Brackett Street schools, recently consolidated in the Pine Street grammar school, from an address by C. F. Libby, Esq., at the dedication of the new and elegant building of the latter in September, 1879 : " In 1828 the brick bnilding on Spring Street, now occupieil liy the Practice School, was erected for Master Jackson's school, at an ex- pense of about $2500. The committee of that year say that the 'building was found to answer the highest expectations, being per- fectly commodiouu and sufiioiently spacious to accommodate as large a number as it will probalily ever be desirable to collect in one school.' As the average number belonging to the school in that year was 190, it would seem that the number which it was desirable to collect in one school under the instruction of a single teacher had already been largely exceeded, and in view of this fact it is not surprising to learn that grainniar was not then included in the branches taught in that school. " Of some of the arduous duties of a master in those days we get s glimpse when we learn, as recorded by Master .lackson, that in one year he made more than 1 1,000 quill pens for his pupils. One fact, re- corded by the committee in 1837, with reference to this school, and deemed worthy of commendation, was the formation of an 'anti- swearing society' by some of the pu[iils, which was 'attended with much good,' in the opinion of Mr. Jackson. The judicious conduct of these youths can be safely recommended fur imitation in our schools, as we have no reason to think that the prevalence of 'the re- Plioto. liy Lamsoii, Portlantl. Sylvanus R. Lyman was born in Fryeburg, Mo., Dee. 2", ISOB. His grandfather, Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, was a Congregational clergy- man of Woodstock, Conn., for many years, and died there. His father, Eliphalet Lyman, graduated at Dartmouth College; studied medicine; was a practicing physician at Fryeburg for many years, subsequently at Danville, Vt., and later at Lancaster, N. H., where he ilied at the age of seventy-nine. His mother was Abigail, grandd.aughter of Eleazer Wheelock, founder of Dartmouth College, and daughter of Prof. Sylvanus Ripley, of the same institution. She was also sister of Gen. Eleazer Ripley, prominent in the war of 1812-14, and who died in Louisiana; and also a sister of Hon. James W. Ripley, of Fryeburg, once a member of Congress from the Oxford district. Their children were four sons and three daughters, — Mrs. John Crocker (deceased); Sylvanus R. ; Mrs. J. Philbrick, of Illinois; James W. ; Mrs. S. Rey- nolds, of Illinois (deceased); Charles P. (deceased); and Edward Huntington. His mother died, in 1837, in Louisiana. Sylvanus Ripley Lyman, at the age of seven, went to live with his grandfather, Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, of Woodstock, where he remained until he was sixteen, attending school winters and working on the farm summers. Among his schoolmates was Henry C. Bowen, of Brooklyn. He then spent one year at school in Lancaster and Frye- burg Academy, intending to prepare for college. Circumstances wliich he could not control prevented, and, unaided pecuniarilj', he began a business life. After one year's clerkship in Eaton, N. H., in October, 1824, he came to Portland, where, first as a clerk for four years, and then in trade for himself as a dry-goods merchant, for eight years, he successfully carried on business. He was elected captain of a company of State militia in 1S29, and subsequently ])romoted to the rank of colonel, which ofBce he resigned in 18.13. He became a director of the Canal Bank, and in 1836 was elected its president. Confiding too much in the ability of a near relative as a financier, Mr. Lyman, in 1836, lost nearly his entire property. He, soon after taking up his residence in Portland, began to bo interested in local and State legislation, and was active as a number of the old Whig party. In 1835 he was elected to the Legis- liiture, and by re-election was a representative from Portland for si.'E years in succession. He was again elected to the Legislature in ISy."*. His long term as member made him conversant with State and national affairs, and gave him influence with the leaders of parties in other localities than Cumberland County. From 1835 to 1841 he was a member of the Whig State Committee, and from 1837 to 1840 chair- man of that body. In May, 1841, he was appointed postmaster of Portland by President Tyler, and in 1843, through the agency of David Henshaw, of Boston, Secretary of the Navy, removed from ofiice. Mr. Lyman, with that confidence in the justice of his case, and with that courage and persistency characteristic of his whole life, appeared personally before President Tyler, and, upon the statement of the facts in the case by him, was reinstated, holding ofiice the remainder of the presidential term. In 1849-50 he was alderman of the Fifth Ward, declining re-election in 1851. In 1839 he was the successful candidate against William Pitt Fessenden as a delegate at large to the National Convention that nominated William Henry Harrison for President of the United States. In 1860 he was a delegate to the ever-memorable Charleston Conven- tion, which was adjourned to Baltimore, marking the era of the split of the Democratic party, and the consequent success of the Republican party in the election of Abraham Lincoln. He was also a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1864. In 1860 his name was placed upon the National Democratic Committee from Maine, and as a mem- ber of which he was prominent in its councils for twelve consecutive years. In 1845, following his retirement as postmaster, be commenced business as a ship chandler on Fore Street, and has successfully carried on this business since, his place of trade now being on Com- mercial Street. In 1830 he married Caroline, daughter of Deacon Thomas Beck, one of the founders of the Baptist Church in Portland. The children living of this marriage are Thomas Ripley Lyman, of New York, and Caroline, wife of Israel T. Dana, M.D., of Portland. Mrs. Lyman died in 1840. For his second wife ho married, in 1842, Christiana, daughter of Capt. Samuel Blanchard, of Portland. Their children are Helen, wife of Henry Littlefield, Abbio Ripley, Annie Wheelock, Elizabeth Dana, James Phillips, and Edward Wheelock (dccease.l). CITY OP PORTLAND. 171 volting and wicked custom of profane swearing among lads' has entirely ceased in our Any. "The school contioued in this building until 1S44, when the brick school-house on Park Street was erected for its accommodation, 'being the best arranged and the best constructed,' as the committee say, 'of any building for a similar purpose ever erected by the city, — both a credit and an ornament to our city.' The school was then known by the name of * Male Grammar School, No. 1,' and was soon after placed on a better foundation by the employment of a female teacher as as- sistiint. Mr. Jackson continued at the head until 18-49, when he was obliged to ask leave of absence on account of ill health, and never returned to the school, his death occurring a few months afterwards. " Probably no teacher connected with our public schools has ever left a more honorable record than Master Jackson, who was identified with the growth of our school system by long 3'ears of faithful and earnest service. He was followed by Manthanb Pickering, who con- tinued in charge of the school until his death, in 1863. Under his efficient management the standard of the school steadily advanced ; as a thorough instructor and disciplinarian he had no superior among our teachers, and his labors will ever be held in grateful remembrance by the pupils who were under his charge. ** Mr. Eben Wentworth, who since 1855 had been principal of the intermediate school for boys, succeeded Mr. Pickering as principal of this school, and continued successfully to fill this position until 1869, when he was elected principal of the North School, and the present incumbent (Mr. Haines) was elected to fill his place. Mr. Went- worth was a teacher of rare judgment and large experience; under his wise management the North School was soon brought to a high state of proficiency and took a front rank among our schools. Four years ago, in consequence of impaired health, he resigned his posi- tion and was appointed superintendent of the State Reform School, where he established many wise reforms and made the school, what the State intended it to be, a reformatory rather than a penal institu- tion. His recent death has deprived the community of a useful citi- zen and a valuable public officer. "The few changes in the teachers of this school during this long period of more than fifty years, is a marked feature of its history and has contributed largely to its usefulness and success. The earnest and faithful labors of the men who have administered its affairs will be long remembered by their numerous puj)ils, now numbered among our active and influential citizens, and their lives deserve more than the passing notice which we are able to give. "The monitorial system of instruction, which was in use both in the boys' and girls' schools of the higher grades fifty years ago, and which had been adopted from a desire of economy, could not long pre- vail in a community which demanded efficiency in its common-school system. We accordingly find that, soon after the incorporation of our city, a change was demanded in this respect. The interest in popular education was increasing with the advance in wealth and population, and schools in which reading, writing, and the simple rules of arith- metic only were taught no longer satisfied the more progrest-ive spirit of the day. The girls' monitorial schools were the first lo feel the influence of this change. As early as 1837, ten years before the change was made in the boys' school, female assistants were employed in these schools and their course of study was advanced to a higher grade. In this year a building was specially erected, at a cost of $4300, for the accommodation of the West FemaleGrammar School on Spring Street, which is now used as the engine-house and ward room. It was described by the committee of that day as ' a tasteful and convenient brick edifice with a stone front.' Miss Jane Carruthers was then principal, with Miss Mary K. Farrington assistant. At the dedication of this building, Dec, 4, 1837 (one of the few school build- ings where I find any notice in the reports of a public dedication) the Rev. Jason Whitman, then pastor of the Second Unitarian society (Park Street), delivered an elaborate address, which was dcemc"! worthy of publication by the committee and is printed with this re- port. " This school, the early representative of tlic Brackelt Street Gram- mar School, had formerly occupied a wooden building on State Street, and later a building on Spring Street, both of which have long since been removed. Its earliest principal menti(tiied in the reports was a Miss Kidder, who was in charge of the school in 1826. She re- signed in 1829, and Miss Charlotte Hale took her place, remaining at its head until 1836, when she resigned on account of ill health, and Miss Narcissa B. Mitchell was elected principal, but remained in charge only a few months, when she gave place to Miss Carruthers, previously mentioncil. Miss Carruthers died in 1838, and Miss Farrington became principal. Instead of employing an assistant teacher, the committee of that year tried the plan of using * four of the most advanced young ladies in the school, who were formerly monitors, as assistant pupils,' dividing the salary of the assistant teacher among them, 'the young ladies still pursuing their own studies, while each of them took charge of a division of the school in certain branches.' This plan, however, was not satisfactory, and in 1S40 a regular teacher was employed as assistant. From 1845 to 1851 Miss Mary B. Giddings was principal of the school, having as her assistant Miss Rachael J. Symonds until 1849, when Miss An- gela A. Small, who had been since 1845 a teacher in the Primary No. 6, was appointed in her place, and in 1351 was elected principal of the school, with a salary of $300. With Miss Small's assumption of the principalship, the school seems to have entered upon a very pros- perous course. She was a lady of rare gifts and accomplishments as a teacher, and until her death, in 1870, was successively elected to re- sponsible positions in our public schools. Having been promoted to be principal of the Willis School for girls at the time of its establish- ment, in 1857, she remained in charge of that school until it was dis- continued, when she was transferred to the High School, where she held the position of mistress at the time of her death. "In 1852 the building on Brackett Street, built in 1836 and occu- pied as a primary school, was burned, — being, it is said, the first school-house ever destroyed by fire in Portland. A larger school- house was immediately built upon the same lot, containing upon the second floor rooms for a primary school, and in the third story rooms for a grammar school, under what was then ' the highest roof in the city.' To these rooms the school on Spring Street was immediately transferred, and has since been known as the Brackett Street Grammar School for girls. In 1857, Miss Lydia A. Harris, a teacher who had long been connected with our public schools, and whose name is held in affectionate remembrance by the many pupils who passed under her instruction, became principal of the school and re- mained in charge of it until she resigned her position, in 1877, when she was succeeded by Miss Ellen C. Williams, who is now transferred, with her former pupils, to this school. Any notice of the Brackett Street Grammar School would be inadequate which failed to recognize the valuable services rendered to this school by Miss Harris. Her re- fined influence, gentle manners, and earnest teachiug were reflected in the minds of her pupils, and were potent influences in the success of the school. "To-day we are about to bring together, under one management and one roof, these two schools whose independent existence I have briefly traced. The early policy, which dictated the separate educa- tion of the sexes, has given place to different views, more favorable, it is believed, to the interests of society. Modern life, with its sweep- ing current, has leveled many prejudices. The peculiar notions that once prevailed as to the proper education of women, which were based upon their assumed inferiority in intellectual power and fitness for only a * special sphere,' are fast passing away. The same liberal spirit which recognizes their equality of right before the law would extend to them equal privileges in matters of education. We have learned to recognize that their intellectual needs and capacities are equal to those of men, and that the convent system— of high walls and light intellectual diet, with a good deal of fancy work— is not pro- ductive of the best results, so far as the highest type of womanhood is concerned. We have found that the co-education of the sexes is consistent with a recognition of the special wants of each, and is at- tended with mutual advantage. In making the change we are intro- ducing no innovation into our schools. Wo are but removing an anomaly which has long existed in the case of four grammar schools, and completing a system which was initiated years ago in the highest and lowest grades. "Were time permitted to me, it would be interesting to trace the o-rowth of our public-school system from its earliest history, and show the causes which have stimulated its rapid development within the last fifty years. As late as 1834 the private schools in this city had nearly as many pupils as wore included in all the public schools, and not until 1850 was there established a high school for the educa- tion of girls, although such an institution had existed for boys ever since the inde[ieudcut existence of Maine as a State, and a special classical school for boys had been maintained since 1797. Now all this is changed. Private schools no longer mono]toliKe the facilities 172 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1871 *6:).87ft 1872 67,175 1873 6'J,2oO 1874 77,800 1875 8il.7O0 1876 82,138 1877 S4,il25 1878 76.4-10 for a higher education. In fact, they may be said to hardly exist in our midst. They have been crowded out by the public schools, which, working on a broader foundation and with more liberal provision for higher education, have rendered competition on the part of individ- uals almost impossible." The progress in the public schools of the city for the past seveuteeu years may be shown by the amount of appro- priations made from year to year, a.s follows : 1862 $.'!0,500 1863 32,192 1864 33,yi7 1865 39,200 1866 44,550 1867 53,950 1868 57,000 1869 64,200 1870 64,475 The public schools in the city at present are twenty-three in number, viz., one high school, for pupils of both sexes ; three with grammar and jirimary grades ; four grammar schools; nine primary ; two mixed, the latter on the islands, and one named the Portland School for the Deaf and Dumb. The number of persons eligible to attend school (between four and twenty-one, incluMve), according to the census taken in June, 1878, is 9581. In June, 1876, the number was 10,634, showing that for the two intervening years the number had diminished 1053. p]leven years ago (in 1867) the number between four and twenty-one was 11,452. The number attending school for this year (1878) has been 5944. The amount rai.sed for the support of the schools for the municipal year ending March, 1879, was $77,400. School Conunittee. — George Walker, Mayor, Chairman {ex-officio) ; George C. Burgess, Ward One ; Frank A. Stan- ley, Ward Two ; William H. Shailer, Ward Three ; George H. Chadwick, Ward Four; Charles E. Dibby, Ward Five; Henry S. Burrage, Ward Six; Levi A. Gray, Ward Seven. Thomas Tash, Superintendent of Schools. In their last report the committee say, — *' It gives the Committee pleasure to say that the schools of the city generally have during the year made commendable progress, and maintained the honorable rank which they had previously acquired. In no former year perhaps has more faithful labor been accomplished or more satisfactory results been achieved. The standard of excel- lence has become more elevated, and in some respects decided advances have been made towards its attainment." The truant officer, during the year ending with March, 1879, visited the schools 1390 times, received 1086 cards from the teachers for investigation, made 43 arrests, and committed two boys to the Reform School. Returning to school without arrest, 28. Truant officer reports daily to superintendent of schools for advice and directions. CHURCHES OF PORTLAND. The number of regular churches in Portland is twenty- eight. Of these nine are (Congregational, three Protestant Episcopal, three Baptist, four Methodist Episcopal, two Ro- man Catholic, two Unitarian, two Universalist, one Luth- eran, one Swedenborgiau, one Friends' Society, and one Ministry at large. Besides these there are several relig- ious societies worshiping in halls and other buildings, such as the Second Adventists, Disciples of Christ, Spiritualists, etc. Of suburban churches there is one Methodist and one Congregational at Woodford's Corners, Bay-Side Free Baj)- tist, Ferry Village Methodist Episcopal, and Stevens' Plains Universalist. FIRST PARISH (UNITARIAN). This society was the first established on the Neck, now Portland. Rev. Thomas Smith was the first settled minis- ter, and was ordained March 8, 1727. He was the only minister in the town till Nov. 10, 1734, when Kev. Mr. Allen was installed at Cape Elizabeth, which was till then a part of INIr. Smith's parish. There was a block-house held by some families at Purpooduck Point, and a garrison and a few families at Spurwink : at those places Rev. Mr. Smith used alternately to minister to the people. There was no other minister in town till other parishes were set oft. In the first parish Rev. Samuel Deane was settled as a colleague with Mr. Smith, Oct. 17, 1764. They continued together until the death of Mr. Smith, May 23, 1795. Mr. Deane then became sole pastor, and so remained until the .settlement of Rev. Ichabod Nichols, June 7, 1809. Dr. Deane died Nov. 12, 1814, and the whole pastoral charge devolved upon Dr. Nichols. It was soon after the settlement of Dr. Nichols over this parish that the divergence in religious belief, which finally separated them so widely from their Orthodox Congrega- tional brethren, began to manifest itself Rev. Edward Payson, who had become an associate with Dr. Kellogg in the second parish, in 1807, took strong exceptions to the views of Rev. Mr. Nichols, declining to assist in his ordina- tion, or to recognize him as a Christian minister. " Pre- vious to that time there had been an interchange of services between the ministers of the two societies, and although it was understood that Dr. Deane entertained views more fa- vorable to the liberal scheme of Christianity than Mr. Kel- logg or Mr. Payson, it did not interrupt Christian fellow- ship between them. After that time the narrow breach widened to a gulf, and in one parish what was moderate Calvinism became decided Unitarianism, while in the other the same moderate Calvinism rose into the firm orthodox scheme which excluded from its fellowship and its pulpits the ministers of the other sect." In building up this sys- tem Mr. Payson's ability and eloquence as a preacher bore no unimportant part. In 1811, atan as.sociation of ministers, Mr. Kellogg and Mr. Payson both declined to allow the ap- pointment of Mr. Nichols to preach in their pulpits to be carried into efi"ect, and thus the breach between the two societies was made permanent. The first meeting-house of the pari.sh was built in 1740, and was occupied till the commencement of the Revolution, when it was shattered by the balls of Capt. Mowatt's gun- ships in the bombardment of the town in 1775. It suf- fered from subsequent neglect and became a melancholy ruin. When the society gathered its scattered members after the war, it was seriously discussed whether it would not be better to abandon the old structure and erect a new one. " Many believed it unworthy of repair, and a com- mittee reported that it would cost £200 to restore it." In 1787 a vote passed to pull down the old church and build a new one by subscription ; and Samuel Freeman, one of the most active and influential men in the parish, circulated a subscription for that purpose. The division of the | rboto, by Lamsuii, PortlaniJ. The ancestor of the Woodman family in America was Edward Woodman, who, in company witli Archehius Wood- man, settled at Newbury, Mass., in 1635. The latter was a passenger in the ship " James," which sailed from South- ampton in the month of April of that year. It is not known whether Edward came in the same vessel, but it is certain that they both settled at Newbury at the same time. x\rchelaus died Oct. 14, 1702, leaving no children. Edward reared a family of seven children. He was living in 1687, but the time of his death is unknown. John Woodman, fifth in descent from Edward, born April 2-1, 1740, married Sarah Page, of Salisbury, Mass., in 1762, settled at New Gloucester, Me., in 1764, and was one of the pioneers of that town. His goods came on a raft up Royal River. He was a farmer, and died March 21, 1808. His wife died Feb. 13, 1809. John Woodman was one of fifteen children of Joshua and Eunice AVood- man, twelve of whom reached maturity and married. Of these children the shortest-lived reached the age of sixty- eight, and the longest-lived died at the age of ninety- seven. Moses, son of John Woodman, and father of the subject of this sketch, born in New Gloucester, Dee. 23, 1778, married Sally Cushman, Dee. 23, 1802. She died March 6, 1815. He married, for his second wife, Charlotte Luf kin, Aug. 24, 1817. He was a representative farmer ; was selectman for many years, and a member of the State Legislature. He served as captain in the war of 1812. Hedied in 1858. One son, Jabez C. Woodman, was a prominent member of the Cumberland County bar for many years ; was a graduate of Bowdoin College, and died in Portland, Nov. 8, 1869, aged sixty-five. George W., born in New Gloucester, March 9, 1813, remained at home until twenty-two years of age ; received his education in the common school and by private in- struction from his uncle, Jabez Woodman, who was a graduate of Dartmouth College and a fine classical scholar. He began business for himself in a country store in his native town. In 1836, October 6, ho came to Portland, and in company with David J. True (True & ^\'ood- nian) opened a retail dry-goods house. This firm dis- solved partnership in 1845, and for the next five years Mr. Woodman was in business alone. In 1850 he associated with him in business Samuel True and Alfred Woodman ( Woodman, True & Co.), and opened business as a manu- facturer of clothing and a jobber of dry goods and clothing. This business continued until the fire of 1866, when he suffered great loss, buildings and goods being entirely con- sumed. With that courage characteristic of him from a boy. and nothing daunted, Mr. Woodman at once set about building a place of business, and in 1867 erected the Woodman block on Middle Street, where he has done business since, and although he has had associated with him various partners, the firm-name of " Woodman, True & Co." is still retained. The Woodman block is one of the finest structures in the city of Portland, and is said to be the largest dry -goods house in the State of Maine. Thus Mr. Woodman has been an active business man of Portland for a period of forty-three years, and is one of the oldest dry-goods mer- chants in the city. During these years of continuous busi- ness he has been an interested citizen in local matters, and called to represent the interests of Portland in both branches of the State Legislature. He has been a member of the Portland Board of Trade since its organization ; for many years was one of its vice- presidents, and for four years its president. He was a member of the old Whig party, and is now a Republican. He was alderman from tlie Third Ward of the city for three years, representative in the State Legislature in 1864, and State senator in 1865-67. He married, Sept. 20, 1836, Charlotte B., daughter of Amos Haskell, of New Gloucester. She was born July 5, 1819. Their children are Frances, wife of Seth B. Hei-scy, of Portland ; Augusta J., wife of R. A. Ballon, of Bo.ston ; and Mario, wife of William E. Donncll, of New York. CITY OF POKTLAND. 173 parish, however, occurred at this time, and the matter was postponed. Id 1788 a committee disposed of tlio parish lands, con- verting them into a fund to be applied to its use, and the same year they put in execution the law of 178G, allowing them to assess their taxes upon the pews instead of upon the polls and estates as had previously been done. In 1792 £250 were appropriated for the repairs of the old meeting- house. In 1800 the steeple and vane were repaired, and in 1803 the remainder of the building (outside and in) was thoroughly painted. In November, 1824, the parish came to the conclusion to build a new meeting-house on the site of the old one, to be commenced early the next spring and finished without delay. Accordingly the present church edifice was erected in 1825. It is constructed of undressed granite. The corner-stone was laid by the venerable Samuel Freeman in the presence of a very large assemblage. May 9, 1825. On the southeast corner under the stone a silver plate was laid with this inscription : " This C. Stone of ye Ch. of ye 1st Par. in Port'd. was laid hy the Hon. S. Freeman, May 9, 1825, on the site of the former Ch. erected in t7i0, enlarged in 1759 and removed 1S25. Build. Com'e. A. New- hall, J. Richardson and J. Mussey Esqrs. 1st Pas. Rev. T. Smith ord'd. in 1727, and Sen. Coll. from 1764 to his death in 1795 with the Rev. Dr. Deane, who died in 1814, and with whom the 3d and present Pas. the Rev. Dr. Nichols was associated in 1809. Deacons, Hon. S. Freeman and W. Storer. Par. Com. Hon. B. Potter, C. B. Brooks Esq. and J. Harrod. Treas. and Clerk C. S. Davies, Esq. [on the other side] Builders, Henry Dyer, Mason; Nathan How, Carpenter; Stephen Morrell, Stone Cutter." The whole expense of the church, including the fences and laying out the grounds around, was about $23,000. The house was finished in January, and dedicated Feb. 8, 1826, Dr. Nichols preaching the dedicatory sermon, assisted by Dr. Parker, of Portsmouth. This parish has been remarkable for its lengthy pastor- ates. From the organization of the society in 1727 to 1879, a period of one hundred and fifty-two years, there have been but five pastors, and in no part of the time has the office been vacant. The periods of the respective pas- torates have been as follows : Rev. Thomas Smith began his ministry March 8, 1727, and continued till bis death. May 23, 1795, a ministry of sixty-eight years and two months, thirty-one years of which were in connection with his colleague, Rev. Dr. Deane. Rev. Samuel Deane's ministry began Oct. 17, 1764, and continued till his death, Nov. 12, 1814, a ministry of fifty years, five of which were in connection with his colleague. Rev. Dr. Nichols. Rev. Ichabod Nichols began his ministry in 1809 and resigned in 1855, having served the parish forty-six years. Rev. Horatio Stebbins, who succeeded Dr. Nichols in the pastoral charge, was minister of the parish nine years, from 1855 to 1864, when he resigned. He is now preach- ing to great acceptance in San Francisco, Cal. Rev. Thomas Hill, D.D., the learned and accomplished ex-president of Harvard College, succeeded Mr. Stebbins, and is now in the sixteenth year of his pastorate. In the offices also of the church and society an extraor- dinary degree of steadiness is observable : the office of parish clerk was held by three persons sixty-seven years; Samuel Cobb was deacon thirty-nine and Samuel Freeman forty- four years. The three persons who held the office of clerk so long were Stephen Longfellow, twenty-three years; John Frothingham, thirty-four years; and Samuel Moody, ten years. It will be proper to append here a few biographical notes of the pastors of the first parish. Rev. Thomas Smith was the son of Thomas Smith and Mary Corwin, and was born in Boston, March 10, 1702. He was the eldest of a large family of children, all of whom he survived. His father died at Saco, February 19, 1742; he was engaged there as Indian agent, and had been for many years in the service of the government in connec- tion with Indian affairs in this State. In 1716, at the age of fourteen, Mr. Smith entered Harvard College, where he graduated in 1720. In 1727 he settled as the first parish minister in Falmouth. lie was three times married: his first wife was Sarah, daughter of William Tyng, Esq., of Woburn, Mass., to whom he was married Sept. 12, 1728, and who died Oct. 1, 1742; the second was the widow of Capt. Samuel Jordan, of Saco, whom he married in 1744, she died in 1763 ; and his third wife was Widow Elizabeth Wendell, who survived him. He had eight children, all by his first wife, only two of whom survived him, viz., Peter T., born in 1731, and Sarah, born in 1740, who both died in 1827. Mr. Smith died May 23, 1795, in the ninety-fourth year of his age, after a ministry over the First Parish of sixty-eight years and two months. Dr. Kel- logg at his funeral said, — " On the record of Harvard's sons we find his solitnri/ name ; to all around is prefixed the signature of death. The wilderness where he first pitched his tent is now the place of vineyards and of gardens. Not a soul that first composed his flock is now in the land of the living." The character of this venerable man, whose life was full of so many eventful years, may well impress us. He was a man of very strong and marked characteristics, a preacher of great fervor and devotion. It is said by his biographer that " he was blessed with a singular strength of memory, which he retained with little abatement to the last, and with a lively imagination, which rendered his conversation in- structive and entertaining." His voice was naturally feeble, but the excellency of bis elocution, accompanied by his grave and earnest manner, rendered him a very agreeable and forcible speaker. His labors in attending to his parish duties, and in keeping the connected and voluminous diary which has been published since his death, must have been incessant and exhausting. During his ministry in the First Parish he baptized 2363 children and 31 adults, and re- ceived 379 persons into his church. Rev. Samuel Deane, D.D., was the great-grandson of John Deane, the first of the name in this country, who emigrated with his brother Walter from Chardin, Somer- setshire, England, in 1636. After remaining a year in Dorchester, near Boston, he removed to Taunton, >Iass., where he died, leaving four sons and one daughter. Dr. Deane was the eldest son of Deacon Samuel Deane, and was born in Norton, Mass., in 1733. He graduated at Harvard College in 1760, with a high reputation as a scholar, was appointed tutor there in 1763, and continued 174 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. in the ofEoe until lie acceptt'd the call of the First Parish the next year. While at Cambridge he composed a Latin poem, which, with a volume of complimentary effusions from the University, was presented to George III., on his I accession to the throne The poem was highly .spoken of. ' He also published several other poems, the longest of which was " Pitchwood Hill," in hexameter. His largest work, the one to which he was most devoted, and which will longest preserve his memory, is his " Georgical Dictionary, or New England Farmer," first published in 171)0. Besides the foregoing works. Dr. Deane published an oration, de- livered July 4, 1793 ; an election sermon, delivered in 1794 ; two discourses to young men of his parish, and some other sermons. He was a man of dignified personal appearance, but in hours of relaxation he was fond of in- dulging in social conversation, which he often enlivened with pleasantry and wit. He was a member of the Ameri- can Academy of Arts and Sciences, and received his doctorate of divinity from Brown University. He married Eunice, daughter of Moses Pearson, in 17G6, but had no children. His wife died Oct. 14, 1812, aged eighty-seven. He died Nov. 12, 1814, in the eighty-first year of his age, and the fiftieth of his ministry. Dr. Nichols was born in Portsmouth, N. H., July 5, 1784. He was the fourth son of Capt. lehabod and Lydia (Ropes) Nichols. His parents removing to Salem when he was quite young, he was there fitted for college, in the high school, and entered Harvard, where he graduated with the highest honors of his class, in 1802. In 1805, while pur- suing his theological studies with Dr. Barnard, of Salem, he received the appointment of tutor in mathematics, at Cambridge, and continued to fill that office until his accept- ance of the pastorate in this place. While exercising the routine duties of his office he was not neglectful of the profoundest studies of science and theology. He was a well-instructed German scholar, and kept pace with the best thought and discoveries of his time. Deeply in- terested in the temperance and Sunday-school cause, he lectured and preached often in aid of the former, and for the latter prepared a treatise on natural theology, which has found a place in theological schools. [n 1810, Dr. Nichols married, for his first wife, Dorothea T. Gilman, of Exeter, daughter of Governor Gilmau, by whom he had four children, all sons, two of whom died young, and two survived him. He married his second wife, a daughter of the late Stephen Higgenson, in 1832. Like his predecessor. Dr. Nichols was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was also for several years president of the Maine Historical Society, and for forty-two years a trustee of Bowdoin College, which in.stitution conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1821. He also received the same title from Harvard in 1831. Dr. Nichols, on leaving the pastorate of the First Parish, retired to Cambridge, where he was engaged in getting out the profound work which had been for many years the sub- ject of his meditations. He did not live to finish it. On the 2d of January, 1859, before the first volume came from the press, he was summoned from his earthly labors. I Rev. Horatio Stebbins, who succeeded him in the pas- ' toral charge here, is now preaching with great acceptance , in San Francisco, Cal. He resigned his charge over this parish in 18(!4, and was succeeded by the learned ex-Presi- denl of Harvard College, Rev. Dr. Thomas Hill. SECOND PARISH (CONGREGATIONAL). This parish originated in a .separation from the First Parish of 59 persons, including John Fox, Thomas Sand- ford, Lemuel Weeks, Joseph H. Ingraham, John Curtis, Joseph McLellan, Joseph Jewett, John Bagley, James Jewett, Hugh McLellan, Abner Lowell, John Robinson, William Moody, and Enoch Moody, by a vote of 29 to 13, on the 12th of September, 1787. They procured an act of incorporation March 17, 1788, one of the conditions of which was that they .should contribute to the support of Rev. Mr. Smith one-quarter of the amount voted to him by the First Pari.sh. This, however, did not hinder them from taking immediate steps to secure another minister. They wrote at once to Rev. Mr. Murray, of Newburyport, to recommend a candidate to preach to them, and he sent them Rev. Elijah Kellogg. Mr. Kellogg had studied for the ministry under the direction of Mr. Murray, and came to Portland in October, 1787, where he preached four Sundays in the North school-house, at the foot of Middle Street. '' The excitement which existed in town, the novelty of the occasion, and the peculiar and ardent manner of Mr. Kel- logg drew around him a large congregation, and for a time almost overturned the foundation of the old parish." The next year the new society erected their first meeting- house. It was dedicated on the 28th of September, 1788, and on the 30th a church was formed consisting of 11 male members. Mr. Kellogg was ordained on the 1st of October following, and for 19 years the new society continued to prosper under his sole charge. Dui'ing tlie early part of this period the spirit which had produced the separation kept up a feeling of rivalry and opposition until both parishes had overcome the embarrassment of their affairs ; but when experience proved that both could be well sustained, all jealousy subsided, and the ministers interchanged services in a spirit of harmony very acceptable to their people. It is proper to remark here that difference of doctrinal views had nothing to do in producing this separation, and that it was not until after both parishes were well established that the divergence of belief arose which has separated them so widely. In 1807, Mr. Kellogg, having a desire to extend his society and to establish a branch of it at the western end of the town, which was then rapidly increasing, procured the assistance of Mr. Edward Payson, with a view, if his ser- vices should be satisfactory to the parish, to have him united with himself as colleague pastor. The high expecta- tions of Mr. Kellogg in relation to Mr. Payson were more than realized ; he entered on the duties of his profession with all the ardor of devoted feeling, and threw the whole power of his enthusiastic character into the offices of hLs ministry. Such ardor and enthusiasm, accompanied by geniu.s, could not but win the hearts of his hearers, and there was no hesitation on their part in giving him a call to settle over them. He accepted the invitation, and was ordained as the colleague of Mr. Kellogg, Dec. 16, 1807. Under this accession of ministerial power the society in- ^ih^a. i-ocers. In 1855, with his brother John as partner, under the firm of J. &. D. W. True, he began business on Commercial Street as a wholesale grocer. John True retired in 1862, since which time Mr. True has continued the business, having associated with him other partners. His business has kept pace with the growing demands of trade, and his good judgment and business capacity gives him a place among the well-established business men of Port- land. While a farmer he took an active interest in the local affairs of his town and county, and while a resi- dent of Poland was one of the selectmen of the town for four years. He is a director of the Cumberland National Bank of Portland, and one of the trustees of the Maine Savings Bank. He was a representa- tive in the State Legislature in 1875-76. He mar- ried, Aug. 29, 1847, Mary F. Milliken, of Poland, Me. They have an only son, Frank D. True, born April 25, 1868. Mr. True still retains possession of the farm fii-st settled by his father in 1798, and has caused to be erected thereon commodious buildings of modern design, a view of which, as it is in 1879, and as it appeared in the hands of his ancestors, may be seen on another page of this work. CITY OP POKTLAND. 175 creased very rapidly, and Mr. Payson showed that he pos- sessed the elements of a powerful and persuasive minister ; his society and church became by far the largest in the State, and himself the most popular preacher of his day. The meeting-house was enlarged in 1807, to accommodate the increased members of the society ; it was divided at the first bay before the pulpit, and 32 new pews on the ground- floor were added and sold for the benefit of the parish. The house subsequently underwent an entire change in its in- terior arrangement. Amidst the great success produced by the zeal and ardor of Mr. Payson, and while an apparent harmony existed in the society, symptoms of disunion suddenly appeared, the cause of which is not fully developed, and Mr. Kellogg's connection with the church and society was dissolved in December, 1811. The plan which had been fondly cherished by the senior pastor of extending the society and forming a branch in the westerly part of the town was abandoned. The whole of the laborious duty now devolved upon Mr. Payson, which he continued to discharge with renewed assiduity and zeal until he wore himself out in the service, and died Oct. 22, 1827. Several of Mr. Payson's discourses were published during his lifetime, and had an extensive circulation, particularly one before the Bible Society, and another to seamen. After his death two volumes of his sermons and a memoir of his life was published under the direction and for the benefit of his widow. Mr. Payson was succeeded by Rev. Bennett Tyler, Presi- dent of Dartmouth College, who was installed in September, 1828. He continued in the pastoral relation till 183-i, when he was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Vail, of Brimfield, Mass., who was installed the same year. In October, 1837, Mr. Vail was dismis.sed at his own request, on account of ill health, and returned to his former charge in Brimfield. In 1838, Rev. Jonathan B. Condit, of New Jersey, was settled in the place of Mr. Vail. Mr. Condit's health becoming impaired, he made a voyage to Europe in 1843, the parish liberally continuing his salary and supplying the pulpit during his absence. In 1845, Mr. Condit asked and received, though reluctantly, from the parish, a dismis- sion on account of his wife's health, which was seriously affected by the climate. In 1846, Dr. John S. Caruthers, of Montreal, was installed in the sacred office. THE CHAPEL CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY was formed on the 18th of March, 1812, by the secession of Deacon James Jewett and 31 others from the Second Church, who formed themselves into a distinct society under the above name. The dismission of these persons was procured by the aid of an ecclesiastical council, which proceeded at the same time to install Mr. Kellogg as the pastor of this society, he having accepted their unanimous call. This small body was joined by .some members from the Second and Third Parishes, and their meetings were held in the house of the third society ; the same year an act of incorporation was obtained. It was the design of this society to build a house in the southwesterly part of the town, as had been contemplated by Mr. Kellogg when the connection was formed between him and Mr. Payson. But the war and commercial embarra.ssments taking place blasted at once all the hopes of giving .strength to their .society by the erection of a house of worship in a part of the town where one was much needed, and they reluctantly accepted the offer of the third society to take the conveyance of their house encumbered as it was with a heavy debt. After about six years, the fortunes of the society still continuing unfavorable, Mr. Kellogg propo.sed to relinquish the whole of his salary on two conditions : one was that the creditors who had claims upon the meeting-house, and were princi- pally proprietors, should accept a composition of 50 per cent, of the sums due them ; the other was that they should settle a colleague with him to enable him to engage a part of the time in the missionary service. The proposi- tions were accepted ; the Rev. Thomas S. Murdock was invited to become colleague with the Rev. Mr. Kellogg, and the pews were sold on the expectation of his ordination for a suflficient sum to redeem the liabilities of the parish at 50 per cent. But the ordination of Mr. Murdock having been delayed by sickness in his family, the purchasers of pews declined paying for them, and the compromise was not carried into effect, so that the burden continued upon the parish. Mr. Murdock, however, was ordained in Sep- tember, 1819, and continued to discharge the duties of the pastoral office until March, 1821, when it was dissolved by mutual consent. Mr. Kellogg again became sole pastor ; he soon procured the assistance of Mr. Whipple, a popular preacher, to whom an unanimous invitation was given, but declined. Mr. Mason supplied the pulpit a short time in 1821, during an absence of Mr. Kellogg on a mission, and on the return of the latter, in December of that year, the pastoral relation at his request was dissolved.* In the spring of 1822, the Rev. Thomas Smith came to preach to the society, and his services were so acceptable that he re- ceived a united call and was ordained July 30th of that year. Some additions were made to the congregation, and several members were received into the church. He continued his services till 1824, when, the society not being able to give him a sufficient support, the connection was dissolved by mutual consent. This was their last regular minister. The society and church joined other parishes in town, about 35 of them becoming united with the Second Church, from which twelve years before they had derived their separate existence. In 1825 they sold their meeting-house, with its heavy incumbrance, to a new society just then formed. THE THIRD CONGllEGATIONAL SOCIETY was established in 1825. The church, consisting of 20 male and 15 female members, was set off from the Second Church, and founded on the 9th of September of that year. The same year they purchased the meeting-house of the Chapel Society, and settled Rev. Charles Jenkins a.s their pastor in November, 1825. The society increased rapidly under the pastoral care of Mr. Jenkins until Dec. 29, 1831, when he died suddenly. He was an accomplished scholar « Tho parish committee addressed a letter to iMr. Kellogg, in which they expressed the regret of tho society in parting with him. and ten- dered him it.< thauks lor his faithful services. They suy, "This requesl ihc society grunted you wiih many painful feelings, and nol without honourablo testimonies of your merits and services." 176 HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. and able preacher. He was a graduate of Williams College in 1813, and was forty-three years old at the time of his death. He was sueoceded by Rev. Wm. T. Dwight, who was ordained June G, 1832. After the society purchased their ineeting-liouse they made extensive improvements, rendering it handsome and convenient, and went on pros- perously. Dr. Dwight, the pastor, was a son of the late distin- guished president of Yale College, was born in New Haven in 1795, and graduated at Yale in 1813. He was a tutor in the college four years, and afterwards practiced law in Philadelphia. But not liking the profession he pre- pared himself for the ministry, of which he became a bright ornament. His able ministerial services here continued nearly thirty-two years, he terminating his labors in connec- tion with the parish in April, 1864. After this. Rev. Jeremiah E. Walton, of Albany, N. Y., preached for the society as stated supply till May 1, 1866. In December, 1869, this church and the Central Congre- gational Church were consolidated in the organization now known as Plymouth Church. HIGH STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. In 1830 the Second Parish, having been so large as not to be conveniently accommodated in their house of worship, and many of the members living remote from it in the upper part of the town, a number of them held a meeting in December, to take into consideration the expediency of forming a new society, and erecting another church at the west end. The plan met with general approbation, and committees were appointed to carry it into execution. In the following January a lot was purchased on High Street, and a handsome and commodious church edifice erected the ensuing year. The corner-stone was laid by Albion K. Parris, May 28, 1831, Rev. Dr. Tyler, of the Second Church, delivering the address. The building committee were Nehemiah Cram, William Wood, John A. Smith, Ma.son Greenwood, Oliver B. Dorrance ; Nathan How, Superintendent. Parish Committee : Henry Goddard, John Bartells, Eben Steele ; Ezekiel Day, Treasurer ; William Cutter, Clerk. Building Contractors : Ebenezer Wilson, Master Mason ; Eli Webb, Master Joiner. The building is of brick, with one course of long stained-glass windows ; it is 84 by 68 feet, with tower and belfry, the cost of the building being $15,000. The society was incorporated under the general statute, Feb. 11, 1831, by the name of " High Street Church." In September a church was formed consisting of 27 male and 37 female members, set oif from the Second and Third Congregational Churches. The house was dedicated in January, 1832, Rev. Dr. Tyler preaching the sermon, assisted by Rev. Messrs. Cunimings and Cox. In Febru- ary the society invited Rev. Willard Child, of Pittsford, Vt., to take the pastoral charge, but he declined, and in June following they extended a call to Rev. George C. Beckwith, of Andover, who accepted, and was installed Aug. 8, 1832. He remained pastor of the society about two years and a half. On the 2d of April, 1835, he was succeeded by Rev. John W. Chickering, a graduate of Middlebury College in 1826, and who continued the pop- ular and useful pastor of the society for nearly thirty years, resigning his charge in the spring of 1864. Rev. William H. Fenn, the present pastor, was installed July 25, 1866, and is now (August, 1879) in the fourteenth year of his pastorate. STATE STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was established as an offshoot from High Street Church in 1851. A suflBcient sum having been sub- scribed, principally by members of the parent church, and a lot purchased on State Street, the church edifice was com- menced in the fall of 1851, and finished the next spring. The church was organized under the name of " The State Street Church," in March, 1852. It consisted of 58 members, of whom 48 were from High Street Church, 4 each from the Second and Third Churches, and 2 from churches in Boston. In June the house was dedicated, and on the 27th of April, 1853, Rev. Hugh Smith Car- penter was installed as pastor. He resigned in April, 1857, and returned to New York. After being without a pastor for more than a year and a half, the church called and or- dained George Lyon Walker, Oct. 18, 1858. Mr. Walker is a native of Brattleboro', Vt., and a graduate of Middle- bury College. Edward Y. Hincks, a graduate of the Andover Theo- logical Seminary, was ordained to the ministry and settled as pastor of this church Oct. 18, 1870, and still remains in charge. THE CENTRAL, formerly the "Union Congregational Church," had its ori- gin in the withdrawal from the State Street Church of 22 of its members, for the purpose of forming a new church. The first public services were held in Union Hall, Sept. 30, 1855, and were conducted by Rev. Henry D. Moore, who had been invited to become the pastor of the church. Jan. 24, 1856, the new church was publicly recognized by an ecclesiastical council, numbering at that time 33 mem- bers. In April, 1856, a lot of ground was procured on Congress Street, west of High, on which a handsome and spacious church was erected, and dedicated December 18th of the same year. Jan. 29, 1857, Rev. Henry D. Moore was installed. The house of worship was destroyed by fire on Saturday night, March 15, 1862. In August, 1862, the work of rebuild- ing was commenced, according to the plan of the former church, and the basement was occupied for services in No- vember. The church was finished and dedicated April 26, 1863. At the annual meeting in 1862 it had been voted unanimously to change the name of the church from "Union" to the Central Congregational Church. The successor of Rev. Mr. Moore, and last pastor of this church, was Rev. Benson M. Finck, who was installed April 9, 1868, and continued till Aug. 18, 1869. ST. LAWRENCE STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was founded in 1858, with a view to meet the religious wants of a large population on JIunjoy Hill. The society was formed and the church erected during the year named, and on the 22d of September, 1858, Rev. Edward Payson Thwing was ordained the first psuitor. He resigned in 1862, to take charge of a Congregational Church in ^ia^ (o (TAK The Coreys were among the earliest settlers of Koxbury, IMass., tlie records of which town show that Philip Corey and Mary Scarborough were married Oct. 1, 1647. This Philip came from England, but lohen, the record does not state. The grandfather of the subject of this notice was named Ebenezer, and was born Jan. 14, 1756. He was a lieutenant in tlie Revolution, although but twenty years old when independence was declared. His father, John Corey, born in West Roxbury, JMass., Feb. 16, 1787, married Nancy Ward, of Weymouth, JIass., Jan. 27, 1812, and settled in Portland in the year 1808. He early learned the wheelwright trade, but while a resident of Portland manufactured furniture and car- ried on trade with Alexandria, Va. He died May 15, 1825. His wife, born in Weymouth, Oct. 29, 1700, and who died 3Iay 19, 1863, was a descendant of ■' Daniel Gookin, an American author and soldier, born in Kent, England, 1612; died in Cambridge, Mass., March 19, 1687. He came with his father to Virginia in 1621. Held with thirty-five men his plantation, now Newport News, against the savages during the massacres of March, 1622 ; removed to Massachusetts, in 1G44, on account of his sympathy with the Puritans. He settled in Cambridge in 1656 ; became superintendent of all the Indians who had submitted to the government of Massachusetts, an office which he held till his death. He is said to have written the history of Now England, which is lost."* Ebeu Corey, born in Portland, Jan. 16, 1824, was the youngest of three children, and received his education in the schools of Portland. At the age of sixteen he be- came a clerk in a grocery house, where he remained until 1845, when he became a clerk in the wholesale and retail Appleton's Encyclopa>(lia. iron store of Francis Edmunds. In 1846, during the absence of Mr. Edmunds in Boston, Mr. Corey took charge of the business, and in 1848 purchased the Edmunds interest. On Nov. 1, 1869, he purchased the interest of the late John C. Brooks in the iron business, which was established by his father. Cotton B. Brooks, in 1801, and was the oldest iron house in Maine. The iron store of Francis Edmunds was established soon after that of Cotton B. Brooks, by Daniel Gilbert & Co., and thus in their purchase Mr. Corey united the trade established by the two oldest iron houses in the State. He carried on a large import trade with England until 1 874, when the cheapness of manufacture in this country brought the balance of trade to the United States. Mr. Corey has not been un- mindful of the duties of the citizen amid business cares, with its successes and reverses. He was one of the incor- porators of the Portland Mercantile Library ; held the various offices it bestowed, being its president for a term, and was an interested member until it was ovei-shadowed by the public library. He was an original stockholder and director in the Port- land Railroad Company. He was a director of the Cum- berland National Bank of Portland for several years, and is interested in a spring and axle manufactory at Gardiner, Me. Formerly a Whig, he is now a Republican. He was a member of the City Council, 1864-65, and alderman in 1871-72. He is one of the parish committee of the State Street Congregational ('hurch. He is also "high up" in Masonry, being a member of the Ancient Landmark Lodge of F. and A. M., of Mount Vernon Chapter, R. A. M., of Portland Coniniandery, K. T., and is treasurer of the Portland Masonic Relief Association. He married. May 20, 1852, Elizabeth H., daughter of Capt. -lohn Sawyer, of Portland. Their children are Kdward ^V., William S., Frank S., and John L. ClXr OF PORTLAND. 177 Quincy, Mass., and was succeeded by Rev. John H. Mor- dough. The pastors since have been Rev. Samuel M. Morrison, installed Oct. 25, 1865, rcsiiined Nov. 4, 18(i7. Ryv. 11. K. Harlow, acting pastor from Oct. 17, 1868, to near the close of 1870. Rev. Abiel H. Wright, installed April 19, 1871, and is the present pastor. PLyjIOUTII (CONGREGATIONAL) CHURCH was formed by the consolidation of the Third and Central Congregational Churches of Portland, Dec. 27, 1869, and has since occupied what was formerly the Central Church edifice, on Congress Square. This cliurch has had but three pastors, viz. : Rev. Mosely H. Williams, installed Nov. 29, 1870, dismissed Nov. 21, 1873 ; Rev. Charles F. Dole, installed April 22, 1874, di.smi.ssod Sept. 27, 1877; and Rev. Herbert W. Lutlie, the present pastor, installed Sept. 27, 1877. WEST CONGREGATIONAI, CHURCH. This church grew out of the principle of church exten- sion to meet the wants of the inhabitants of the west end of the city and the country immediately adjacent. It was founded chiefly by the exertions of Rev. Dr. Chickering and members of his parish. The church edifice was com- menced in 1860, and dedicated Jan. 17, 1861. A bell was placed in the tower in July following, and a church organization effected Sept. 17, 1862, consisting of 17 per- sons. Rev. Josiah Turner preached for the society a short time, and was succeeded by Rev. George A. Tewksbury, in December, 1863. The number of church members in May, 1864, was 28, and of tiie Sunday-school 130. BETHEL CHURCH FOR SEAMEN was organized in September, 1842. In 1829 a society was ineorpoi'ated to provide for religious instruction to seamen, under the name of " The Trustees of the Slariners' Church." A large granite building on Fore Street, between Long and Commercial Wharves, was erected in 1828 at a cost of $33,- 000, and a spacious chapel was finished in the third story, where services were held till the building pa.ssed out of the hands of the trustees. They were then held in Exchange and City Halls by Rev. George W. Bourne and Rev. David M. Mitchell. In 1849 a brick church was erected near the corner of Fore and Chatham Streets, and the Bethel Chapel for seamen became established. Rev. Samuel Merrill was installed in 1856, and Rev. V. J. Hartshorn in July, 1864. The pastor since has been Rev. Francis Southworth, installed June 11, 1866, who still oc- cupies the pastorate. EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. OLD ST. Paul's. The origin of Episcopacy in Maine, and of its establish- ment in Portland, are shown in the following concise pre- fatory note to the " Minutes of the Convention of the Dio- cese of Maine," by the Rev. Charles W. Hayes, secretary of the Convention : " It is well known that Maine was originally a Cburcli of England colony. Richard Seymour, the chaplain of the Popham colony of 1607, held the first service of the Church (probably the first Christian 23 service of any kind) in all New England; Uichard Gibson, for some years, from lOSfi, officiated at Saeo and Richmond's Island (near Port- land), in each of which places a church appears to have been erected ; and Robert .Jorda^n, from his arrival in 1640, was for Ihirly-si.v years the minister of all the sctt'emcnts between Falmouth (now Portland) and Porlsnioutb, N. JI. From his time, under the Puritan rule of Massachusitt-, the minislratiuns of the Cburih were suspended for eighty years. In 1756 the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel sent the Rev. Mr. Macelenachan as missionary to the Kennebec; in 17611, a more cfficicni successor, the Rev. Jacob Bailey, built a church and parsonage at Pownalboro' ; and in 1768 the Rev. Willard Wheeler took charge of the mission at flcorgclown, remaining, how- ever, only four years. Meantime St. Paul's Church, Portlaml, was founded in 1764, and John Wiswall, a graduate of Harvard, became the first rector of the parish, which, in 1774, numbered seventy fami- lies." . . . We are indebted to a i)amphlcl hi.story by Bishop Perry, publislied in 1863, for a knowledge of the fact that Rev. Mr. Wiswall, prior to becoming rector of St. Paul's, was pastor of the New Casco (^Congregational) Parish of Falmouth. There had grown up among the members of tlic First Par- ish a spirit of dissatisfaction with their preacher. Rev. Thomas Smith, and efforts had been U)ade for several yeans either to organize a new society, or, by non-attendance on the ministrations of Jlr. Smith, to induce his resignation. Sundays found the malcontents driving ostentatiously through the streets to hear Wiswall, the younger and more attractive preacher over the New Casco Pari.sh. There was, besides, an element of Episcopacy in the town, which was not unnatural in a place to which a growing trade was at- tracting not only provincials but even natives of the mother- land. Nearly twenty years before, the learned and courtly Brockwell, rector of King's Chapel in Boston, had attended Gov. Shirley on his visit to Falmouth to make treaties witii the Norridgewock Indians, and in his capacity of chaplaia had officiated on more than one occasion in the meeting- house of the Congregationalist Parish, giving, as we learn from Mr. Smith's diary, " great offense as to his doctrine." A few years later, in 1757, influences emanating from tiie Episcopal party were brouglit to bear upon tlie New Casco Parish and its preacher to induce them to conform to tlio E.stablished Church. This result seemed probable at one time, but finally the parish stood firm, and though its pas- tor, as appears from his subsenueut course, liad imbibed leanings towards Episcopacy, it was not till several years later that the decisive step was taken which led to his change of ecclesiastical relations. It is probable that liis temporary derangement, which incapacitated him for minis- terial duties for upwards of a year, may have delayed tliis step, but, be that as it may, in September, 1763, not long after Mr. Wiswall had recovered, Mr. Smith writes sadly in his diary, " I have been discouraged about my enemies ; they talk of a new meeting-house." That this movement was something more than " talk," is shown by the following document from the old parchment-covered folio volume of parish records : "Falmouth, November 4, 1763. " Whereas, The inhabitants on the Nook arc becoming so numerous as to render it inconvenient to meet together in one hou.'c for public worship, for the bettor accommodation of all the inhabitonts it is proposed to build another house for divine service between Major Freeman's and the house improved as a school-house; wo, therefore, the underwritten, oblige ourselves, our heirs and assigns, to pay tho respective sums nlB.\ed to our names to tho person or persons ap- 178 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. pointed to receive tiie moneys, toward.« building a convenient meeting- house, provided : " 1st. Said mceting-liousc lie inadc fit to meet in at or before the laft Lonl's Day in June, 1764. " 2d. That the subscribers buvc the first clioico of pews in this order, — the largest subscriber clioosing first, etc. "3d. That if the Kev. John Wiswall, Pastor of the Third I'arifh of this town, should leave his people, be be invited to settle as a Minister in said Meeting-House.'' i:i Names. John AVaitc, Jr Daniel Ilslcy Benjamin VVaitc.... Ebene/er Hilton.... Jcdediab PreWcJi David Wycr 5 Jonathan Croft 2 William Watcrhouse.. 2 John Burnam 2 William Mel-ellan 2 Isaac Ilsley, in work.. 20 Henry Wailis 2 John Lowihcr 4 John Preble 3 Abraham Osgood 3 James Hope 5 James Boss 3 Thomas Bradbury 13 Joseph Bean Barber.. 13 John Motley, in worli,. 10 Daniel Pettcngail 10 '*A true copy of the or It) 13 4 G 8 40 13 6 8 20 5 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 20 8 4 8 6 8 Names. Joseph Pollow Stephen Waitc Benjamin \Vceks John Ilsley, in work.. James ^Vildridge Joshua Boyntun Jeremiah Webber Joshua Eidridge Jedediah Prclile John Minot, Jr Samuel Moody Jacob Stickney William Pike Edward Watts Isaac AVaite Andrew Patterson David Woodman Joseph MeLellan Robert McLellan Wheeler Kiggs 10 10 10 'Att. p( , CnAi.-T, Clerk." In the above record no declaration appears as to the Episcopal nature of the new organization. This, however, was definitely settled at a ineeting held in July following, when the subjoined declaration and subscription were added : "FALJiorrii, July 23, 1704. "At a meeting of subscribers for building a new Mceting-IIouse, a major part being desirous that the Worship carried on in said House be agieeable to the Laws of Great Britain, it is agreed that the said House shall be made fit for and appropriate to the worship aforesaid, and we the subscribers oblige ourselves to pay the sums affixed to each of our names for the purpose aforesaid; James Hope John Waite, Jr Wheeler Riggs Edward Watts William Waterhouse. James Ross Robert McLellan...;., Daniel Pettengail Stephen Waitc Daniel tlslcy Edmund Mountfort... Isaac Ilslev, Jr Purrington.. John Motley, in work. Ebenezcr Hilton John liurnam D.avid Wyer Jonathan Ci-aft Benjamin Waite John liaus John Minot, after his return from sea.. John Thurlo .Toshua Boynton Abijah Pool OcorgeTatc John Holly Joseph I'ollow John Tyler fNew Gloucester) Floyd Kilpatrick, in shingles Daniel MeCov Floyd Kiliiatfick G 8 12 10 Names. £ Joshua Eidridge 10 Thomas Child 6 William Webb B George Tate, for son Samuel, in clap- boards 4 James Hope, for Capt. Hagget.lO guinea.^. 14 Robert McLellan, ad- ditional subscrip- tion 6 John Bradbury 3 John Bouten.! Ann Oulton 4 Hannah Oulton 4 Lucy Oulton 4 Andrew Patterson Christopher Kelley... G Ricdiard Sykes 3 Joseph Dean 1 Jacob Stickney 5 Harry Wailis 4 Benjamin Weeks 3 William Boulton, in boards 13 Moses Planimcr 2 William McLellan 4 John McDonald 2 Richard (Joogins 1 Moses Merrill, North Yarmouth, 1000 laths John Dill, 1000 laths.. IC 10 IS 10 10 IG "John McDonald, Sr., of Stroudwater, seid that he would pay £20 lawful money in cash and £20 in work." On the 4th of September (according to the parish records) the corner-stone of the new church was laid by the wardens, who, jvith the other officers, were chosen on the .same day. James Hope and George Tate were the Wardens ; Tiionias Child, IJcnjamin Waite, John Waite, Stephen Waite, Wheeler Riggs, Edward Mount fort, David Wyer, Daniel Ilsley, €loiiathan Craft, Robert MeLellan, and Dr. Edward Walts, Vestrymen ; Henry Wailis was Parish Clerk, whose duty it was to lead the responses in church. At this meeting the following invitation was extended to Mr. Wiswall, forming his " title" for ordination as required by the canons of the Engli.sh Church : "AVe do invite you to accept the pastoral charge over us, and in order thereto, we desire you would, as soon as may be, apply to his lordship the Bishop for ordination to qualify you therefor, and we do hereby promise to you one hundred pounds lawful money per annum, to be paid yearly, to commence at the time of your ordination." For two Sundays Mr. Wi.swal! preached to the parish in the Town-House, and then, October 8th, as we learn from Smith's diary, "sailed in the mast-.ship, Capt. llaggctt," for England. The church in the mean time was rapidly going up. It stood on the corner of Church and Jliddle Streets, and was 50 feet in length and 29 feet high. The church was opened for divine service June 6, 1705. Mr. Wiswall, having been duly ordained, returned, and entered upon his pastoral duties. The burdens of building a new church, making provis- ions for a glebe and rectory, and supporting the regular ministration, fell heavily on the church at first, especially as they wore still ta.xed for the ministry and expenses of the First Parish, from which they had withdrawn. This tax was not remitted till 1773. In April, 1772, it was " voted that Rev. John Wiswall be desired to bring an action against Mr. James Milk, Treasurer of the First Pari.sh in said Falmouth, for the recovery of the rates of every person who attends worship at said church, which said Milk has received rnd refused to pay to said Wiswall, either in whole or in part." They had petitioned their former associates for relief, but in vain ; they had in 1770 addressed the General Court for the removal of these heavy obligations, but their prayers had not been granted. In January, 1773, the proprietors of St. Paul's addres.sed another petition to the General Court asking for redress, which was answered in March following by the appointment of a committee consisting of " Jedediah Preble and David Wyer, Es(|S., and Messrs. William Simmons and Stephen and John Waite, to settle the di.«pute respecting the assessing and collecting taxes from the members of the Church of England." The result of a conference of this committee with a committee of the First Parish, and of a further petition to the General Court for relief, ap[)ears to have been the relinquishment on the part of the First Parish of all legal right to impose a tax upon the members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Wiswall continued a.s rector of St. Paul's till 1775, when the excitement consequent upon the breaking out of the Revolution dissolved his relation with the parish. He was a loyalist, and no doubt conscientiously believed that all efforts of the colonists to gain tlieir independence would be futile. Bishop Perry very justly remarks, " We CITY OF PORTLAND. 179 have learned of late to place a higher value on men who have dared to keep their oatli of allegiance, and it was not to be expected of one who at ordination had taken a solemn oath of allegiance to the king and government of Great Britain, and who had for years, in the prayers of the church, acknowledged that allegiance and besought Heaven's bless- ing upon the ruling monarch and his family by name, should easily swerve to the popular side." Early in May, under apprehensions of personal violence, and at the call of Mowatt to all friends of the government to come on board, he had taken refuge on tl-.e " Canceaux." He was afterwards apprehended by Capt. Thompson's militia from Brunswick, but was released and returned again to the vessel on the 14th of May, sending word to the wardens that he should officiate as minister of St. Paul's no longer. In a few weeks the church and town were laid in ashes. No services appear to have been held in the parish during the Revolution, and for some time subsequent to the con- clusion of peace occasional vi.^its were made by ncighborin"- clergymen. In August, 1785, Mr. Frederick Parker, a graduate of Harvard, began to read piayers for the church. These lay-services by Mr. Parker and others were contin- ued till 1797, when Rev. Joseph Warren, of Gardiner, ac- cepted a call to the rectorship, which he held till 1799. From 1800 to 1803 the parish was supplied by Rev. James Bowers, of Pittstown. In the mean time, Mr. Timothy Ililliard, a graduate of Harvard in 1793, was engaged as lay-reader. During his services the parish increased in strength and influence, so that a new brick church was erected at a cost of SI1,800, and $V100 additional paid for the land, nearly the whole sum being raised by the sale of pews at the opening of the building. Mr. Hilliard, being ordained, became rector and officiated until 1808. The parish was then supplied temporarily till 1819, when the Rev. Petrus S. Ten Broeck was instituted rector. The parish was also greatly strengthened by the removal to Portland of Hon. Simon Greenleaf, afterwards LL.D. and Professor of Law at Cambridge. In 1831 the connection of Mr. Ten Broeck with the parish was dis.solved. He was followed, in 1833, by the Rev. G. W. Chapman, D.D., one of the most eminent clergymen of the church. Two years later, Rev. Alexander H. Vinton took charge of the parish, and was succeeded in a few months by the Rev. Thomas M. Clark, late Bishop of Rhode Island. " Mr. Clark re- mained but fourteen Sundays, when, in September, 1830, the Rev. John W. French, then professor in Bristol Col- lege, Pa., and since chaplain and professor at the Military Academy at West Point, was elected to the rectorship, in which he continued till December, 1839, when, the parish being inextricably involved in pecuniary difficulties, a dis- solution of his engagement was rendered necessary, at)d old St. Paul's, without a rector, sought relief from its liabilities in the dissolution of its organization.'' ST. Stephen's. It was during Mr. French's ministry, viz., in 1839, that St. Stephen's parish was established, to take the place of St. Paul's, which had become somewhat embarrassed in its atlairs. It was thought best to Sell the property of the parish (^for which an act of the Legislature was obtained in 1840), pay off all the debts, and form a new society, or, rather, recast the old. This was accordingly done, and St, Stephen's pari.sh was organized in 1839. In 1840 it pur- chased the property of St. Paul's, and under its new charter and title has been going prosperously on. Jan. 15, 1840, the Rev. James Pratt entered upon the duty of rector of St. Stephen's. The last meeting of Old St. Paul's was held in October, 1841, when it ceased to exist. Mr. Pratt's long and successful ministry was marked by a steady growth of the parish in numbers, zeal, and wealth. After witnessing large accessions to the number of its com- municants, he found himself obliged, on account of ill health, to re-sign his charge, to the great regret of the church and community. He was succeeded by the Rev. Roger S. Howard, who, after an incumbency of two years, was followed by the Rev. Wm. Stevens Perry. ST. Luke's cathedral. The growth of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Port- land led, in 1851, to the organization of a .second parish in the western part of the city, which was incorporated, and its firet services held, on the 27th of April, 1851, under the name of St. Luke's Church, in what was then called Union Hall, an upper room near the junction of Free and Congress Streets, still in occasional use for religious meet- ings. The clergyman officiating at the organization and for nearly a year after was the Right Rev. Horatio Southgate, |).D., who had lately resigned his office as missionary bishop at Constantinople, and was now residing near his old home in Scarborough. Bishop Southgate was succeeded, in Febru- ary, 1852, by the Rev. Daniel R. Goodwin, D.D., then a professor in Bowdoin College, who supplied Sunday services regularly, without becoming rector, until the spring of 1853, at which time the Rev. Benjamin H. Paddock, now Bishop of Massachusetts, took charge as rector. He remained but three months, resigning on account of ill health, and the parish was again indebted to Prof. Goodwin for valuable services during a vacancy of eight months. The Rev. Alexander Burgess, the present Bishop of Springfield, 111., accepted the rectorship of St. Luke's Church at Easter, 1854, and held it fof nearly thirteen years. Within three months after his entering upon Ins duties, a site for a church was purchased, and the first " St. Luke's Church" begun, at the corner of Congress Street and Vernon Court. The coriier-stone was laid on the 8th of August, 1854, by the bishop of the diocese. The church was opened for service ou the 1st of July, 1855, and consecrated by Bishop Burgess ou the 10th of the same month. This church, now occupied by the congregation of St. Stephen's Church, was completed at a cost of about §30 000, and at the time of its erection was by far the finest Episcopal church in Maine, and, with one exception (^Christ Church, Gardiner), the only one of stone. In 1856 a lar"e and fine organ was added, and in 1857 a bell of 3000 pounds, both individual gifts. Amon"- the earliest parishioners were the late Dr. Johu Merrill (the first senior warden), the late Judge George F. Shcpley, the late Hon. Josiah S. Little, Henry W. Her- scy, the late Edward P. Gerrish, Col. Charles B. Merrill, N. P. Richardson, Hon. James T. McCobb, E. C. Andrews, 180 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, 5IAINE. J. Ambrose Merrill, Frederick A. Qiiinby, the late Samuel Smardoii, Mrs. J. S. Paine, Edward E. Upliaiu, Mrs. R. Soutliiiate Royd, and others, in all 49, recorded by Bishop Soutligato, May 1, 1851. There were then 20 communi- cants, and a Sunday-school of 5 teachers and 13 scholars. At the close of Dr. Burgess' rectorship, Christmas, 18GG, he reported nearly 300 communicants, 487 baptisms, 253 confirmed, 128 marriages, and 28G burials. It is worthy of note that the first St. Luke's church, as well as the cathedral which succeeded it, was never closed on a Sun- day from the day of its consecration. With the close of Dr. Burgtss' long, faithful, and suc- cessful rectorship ends the first period in the history of St. Luke's Church, of nearly eighteen years. On his resigna- tion the Bishop-elect of Maine, the Rev. Henry A. Neely, D.D., was chosen rector of the parish, and having been con- secrated bishop in Trinity chapel. New York, Jan. 25, 1867, entered on his duties as rector, May 1, 1867. In the great fire of July 4, 1866, St. Stephen's church, in the eastern part of the city, was destroyed, and the edifice of St. Luke's being inadequate in size for a bishop's church, was sold to St. Stephen's parish, with its bell and organ, for $17,000. A lot on the easterly side of State Street, 140 feet front by 1 50 feet deep, was purchased for $20,000, and on the 15th of August, 1867, the corner-stone of St. Luke's cathedral was laid by the bishop in the presence of a large number of clergymen and laymen. The work of building went on during the remainder of the year, under the most efficient superintendence of Col. Thomas L. Casey, U.S.A., and from plans and working-drawings by Mr. Charles C. Haight, architect, of New York. After a sus- pension of six months, during the winter and spring, it was resumed in 1868, under the direction of Gen. George Thorn, U.S.A. (still a resident of Portland), and so far completed as to admit of the opening of the cathedral for worship on Christmas-day of the same year. It has never since been closed on a Sunday, and very rarely on a week-day. The interior, however, was far from being completed at the open- ing for .service. Not a single door was hung, and but half a dozen of the seventy windows were in place; ceiling, organ, pulpit, and font were wanting, and the aisles were filled with carpenters' benches. All these deficiencies were supplied, and the church brought nearly to its present .state of completion, within about two years. At its opening but two-thirds of the entire cost of the cathedral had been paid. It was not until 1877 that the whole amount, about $125,000, was paid, and the church freed from all indebted- ness, with liberal aid from churchmen of New York, Boston, and other cities. On St. Luke's day, Oct. 18, 1877, it was consecrated with mo.st joyous and impressive services by Bishop Neely, assisted by the bishops of Fredericton, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Colorado, Wiscon.sin, and Iowa, and some sixty other clergymen. By the instrument of donation executed by the vestry and read at the consecration, the whole property of the cathedral was pledged to its maintenance forever, not only as nparislt church, but a calhedtal church in which the Bishop of Maine .should be ex-officio the personal and official head, and a free church for all cla.sses and conditions of men, in which no pews or seats should ever be let or sold. The noble church thus set apart occupies the entire rear of the lot on State Street, its extreme length from oa.st to west being 140 feet, and its width acro.ss nave and aisles 65 feet. The open roof of nave and chancel is GO feet to the ridge, and over the chancel-arch rises a slender spire to the height of 100 feet. The building is of dark-blue limestone from Cape Elizabeth, the door and window caps and sills and other exterior finishing being of Nova Scotia freestone alternated with red and gray. The nave, 30 feet by 100, rises above the low aisles in a lofty clerestory, lighted by 12 triplet windows, and is supported by broad arches resting on short circular columns, monoliths of Nova Scotia stone. The chancel is separated from the nave by a lofty arch of 24 feet span and a low parapet wall of stone, a semicircular projection of which forms the pulpit. The altar and reredos are of Caen stone, Italian marble, and red jasper, with delicately wrought cornice, shafts, and capitals, occupies a space of 10 feet in width by 17 in height again.st the east wall, and forms one of the most striking features of the interior. Above it is a ro.se-window 16 feet in diame- ter, containing the Ascension, surrounded by 12 quatre- foils with the symbols of the Apostles. The organ is on the south, and the seats for the choristers on either side within the chancel. The beautiful organ-screen of carved wood, the pulpit of stone (not yet carved), the font of Nova Scotia and Ohio freestone, Scotch jasper, and Irish marble, the eagle lectern of bronze, the chancel pavement of en- caustic and porcelain tiles, the altar and reredos, the arched credence and sedilia of stone, and all the stained glass as yet in place, were individual and mostly memorial gifts. The seats, all open and movable, are arranged for about 800, but the actual space of nave and aisles is sufficient for 1200. On the north of the chancel is a small chapel for the daily service and other uses, and on the south are the choristers' and clergy rooms, organ-chamber, and library. At the west end of the cathedral is the bishop's house, erected by the Diocese of Maine in 1869, and forming one side of the court in front of the church, the opposide side being occupied by the canon's house. The architect's plan for the cathedral includes a central tower and tran- septs, the erection of which will jierhaps devolve upon another generation. The Rev. Charles W. Hayes, appointed chaplain to the bishop in April, 1BG7, and senior canon of the cathedral at its opening, January, 18G9, has been the only clergy- man in charge under the bishop without interruption since 1867. Other resident canons have been the late Rev. N. W. Taylor Root, C. Ingles Chapin, David Pi.se, D.D., and Charles M. Pyne, from one to four years each. The Rev. Messrs. F. C. Neely, Sill, Pyne, ami Ketchum have served as deacons. The " Cathedral Church of St. Luke, Portland," was incorporated by the Legislature of the State in 1879, and consists of the bishop and fourteen other trustees (three of them clergymen), whose duty it will be to hold the ca- thedral property in trust both for the diocese and the con- gregation, and carry out efficiently the various purposes for which it has been erected. Services have been held for the past twelve years without intermission, — three every Sunday and two every week-day, — and the church is always CITY OF PORTLAND. 181 open from morning till night. The Holy Communion is ctlebratcd on every Sunday and holy-day ; the evening service on Sundays, and tlie morning service on great fes- tivals, are choral, as usual in the English cathedrals ; but, except in this respect, the services are the same as are usual in the larger Episcopal churches in this country, — perhaps a little more revei'eut and impressive than in many of them. The Eight Kev. Henry A. Neoly, D.D., Bishop of Maine, is Dean and Hector; the llev. Charles W. Hayes, Canon ; Messrs. George E. B. Jackson and Charles B. Jlerrill, Wardens. The congregation numbers 225 families and 3G0 communicants, with a Sunday-school of 200 pu- pils. There have been since the building of the cathedral 422 baptisms, 261 confirmed, 135 marriages, and 214 burials, and about 9000 public services. The oiferings of the congregation for the same time have been $162,G9{),of which §88,359 was fi-om the regular Sunday oflFertory. ST. PAULS. The new St. Paul's church on Congress Street was erected in 1808. llev. N. W. T. Hoot was instituted the first rector. He was succeeded by Ecv. Dr. Pise ; since whose period of service Rev. F. S. Sill and l!ev. C. J. Ketchum, the present rector, have ofiiciated. The parish is in a prosperous condition, numbering about 90 families and 100 members in the Sunday-school. Wardens, Jo- seph Dow, E. P. Banks; Vestrymen, William Gray, W. Huse, W. P. Gooding, A. Riggs, Charles Chase, Charles E. Banks, M.D., George Norton, J. H. Dow, A. Welch, and B. Gregory. METUODIST CHURCHES. FIRST METHODIST EPISCOP.\L CHURCH. The first Blethodist sermon ever preached in Maine was at Saeo, Sept. 10, 1793, by Elder Jesse Lee, of Virginia. He had been principally instrumental in forming the socie- ties of this order in the New England States, which he commenced in Connecticut in 1789. At a conference held in Lynn in 1793 this zealous disciple of Wesley was ap- pointed to travel through Maine. In a tour of several months in this State, he went as far cast as Castine, and preached almost every day to such collections of people as he could draw together. A circuit was immediately formed on the Kennebec called " Rcadfield Circuit," and Elder Wager was appointed preacher ; the next year Enoch Mudge, of Lynn, one of the first-fruits of Elder Lee's preaching at Lynn, was sent to Redfield. The Portland circuit, established in 1794, was the next, and in 1795 a class was formed in this town, and in Decem- ber of the same year the first quarterly meeting held in the State assembled at Poland. Elder Wager was appointed the traveling preacher in this circuit. On Elder Lee's first visit here he preached several times in the Second Congregational meeting-house. Subsef|uently he preached in the court-house, and sometimes in a private house in Essex Street. The first society was organized by Elder Wager, in 1795, and consisted of six persons. They strug- gled along through many difliculties, and with a slow prog- ress for nine years, at the end of which time the number of members had increased to but eleven. In 1797 the persons who had a.^sociated together were received into the Methodist Episcopal Church as one of the united societies. In 1804, however, their prospects began to brighten. Major Daniel Ilslcy purchased and presented to the society the house which had been previously occupied by the Epis- copalians, which was removed to Federal Street, and soon filled by a respectable congregation. This was the first hou.se of worship which the society had owned. The Rev. Jo.shua Taylor now became the stationed preacher, and the church, which at the commencement of Mr. Taylor's ministry con- sisted of but 11, increased in two years to 64. In 1808 the societ}', having become so numerous as to require larger accommodations than the old house afforded, made arrange- ments for the erection of a more spacious one. Trustees were chosen to superintend the concerns of the society, and a year or two later their church edifice on Chestnut Street was erected. It was dedicated by Rev. E. Kelby, Feb. 17, 1811. The trustees were Wm. Watei house, Thomas De- lano, William True, Thomas Ronnels, Samuel Horner, Lemuel Gooding, and Thomas Dodge. In February, 1821, the society was incorporated. Twice the house on Chestnut Street was enlarged, and at length it became necessary to furnish still more room, when the society with great spirit and unanimity erected a handsome brick church on the corner of Pleasant and Ann Streets, in 1828. Both churches eontiimed to be filled, and the society enjoyed great prosperity. The second society on Pleasant Street, however, in a few years became embarrassed, and, in 1835, sold their church to the Second Unitarian Society. Most of them worshiped with the old society till 1846, when they erected a neat wooden church on Pine Street. We shall give a fuller history of this church hereafter. The old society on Chestnut Street continued to prosper. In 1847, Rev. Charles F. Allen was their pastor. The ministers changed so often under the old regime of the Methodist Church that their names would make too long a list to publish in this place. A few of the successors of Mr. Allen for perhaps a decade were Rev. William JIc- Donald, Rev. Aaron Sanderson, Rev. Joseph (jolby. Rev. Charles W. Morse, Rev. Henry Cox, Rev. Henry B. Ridge- way, and Rev. William R. Clark. Under the ministry of Rev. Ilcnry Cox, who was a man peculiarly adapted to the work, the present fine church edi- fice of the parish was erected. It was commenced in 1856, and was dedicated July 8, 1857. It contains 190 pews, and with the site cost about 850,000. It is one of the finest church edifices in the city. CO.NC.RESS STREET METHODIST ClIUKCIl. In 1851 the First Methodist Church sent out a colony to establish a new church on Munjoy Hill, in the midst of a o-rowing population. Dr. Eliphalet Clark donated a beau- tiful lot of land on the corner of Congress and St. Lawrence Streets, on which a convenient house was erected in the summer of 1851, sufficiently large to seat 300 persons, and free of debt. The church was dedicated by Rev. George 182 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Webber, and Ilev. Eaton Shaw appointed by the Conference for the new society till the next annual meetinj;. A large congregation was gathered, and a Sunday-scliool of about 40 scholars organized. Ilev. W. F. Farrington was ap- pointed to take charge of the society by the Conference, and 55 members from the old church were dismissed to form the nucleus of the new organization, whicli rapidly increased, as well as the congregation and Sunday-school, till the capacity of tlie house was exhausted. It now became necessary to enlarge the liouse, and an addition was made to it at a cost of about SI 000. The number of church members in 1 SO-i was 175, with an attendance at the Sunday-school of 200. The parish raised that year $J00 for benevolent objects, in addition to current expenses. We mention among the ministers of this eliurch subsequent to Mr. Fanington, Rev. William McDonald, Rev. C. C. Mason, Rev. A. J. Clmrch, Rev. B. Foster, Rev. George Webber, Rev. II. B. Abbott, Rev. Samuel Roy, Rev. Ezekiel Martin, Rev. Abel W. Pottle, Rev. William II. II. I'illsbury, Rev. C. B. Pittelando, Rev. C. W. Bradlee, Rev. William M. Sterling, and the present pa,stor. Rev. A. S. Ladd. The present beautiful church edifice of the parish was erected in 18G8. It stands upon (he liighest part of Mun- joy Hill, and the top of its spire is the highest object in the city. ALLEN MISSION CHAPEL. On Locust Street there was, until quite recently, an in- stitution known as the Allen Mi.ssion Chapel, belonging to the Methodists. Its motto was " Feed the hungry, clothe the naked." Under the management of Capt. Cyrus Slur- devant this place became one of the headquarters of the temperance reform. While we write this the chapel is being taken to pieces. Much good work and many ciiarita- ble deeds emanated from that old wooden structure. Many of the hearts who early supported it are in the grave, but there are a good number living who can testify to the benefit received through its humble ministrations. BAI'TIST CHURCHES. THE FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY organized in Maine was at Kittery, in 1682, but the per- secution was so great at tliat time, on the part of the gov- ernment, that in about a year afterwards tlie minister, Mr. Screven, and tlie greater part of liis church, went to South Carolina and established themselves on Cooper River, near where Charleston now stands. No further movements were made by persons of this persuasion for more than eighty years. In 17G7, Ilev. Ilezekiah Smith, of Haverhill, came to Maine and formed a society at Berwick. At the same time he extended his visit to Falmouth Neck, but without any visible results. In 1771 he came here again and preached to a few persons at John Burnham's house, but no society was at this time gathered. Rev. Ilezekiah Smith was born at Long Island, N. Y., April 21, 1737; was graduated at Princeton College in 1702. He formed tlie first Baptist society in the county of Essex in 1705. He always preached without notes, having a fine command of language and bcin;; a irifted orator as well as a man of excellent character and great personal influence. He died at Haverhill, Nov. 5, 1805. No further attempts were made here to form a society of this order for many years. In 179G, Benjamin Titcomb, Thomas Beck, and four or five others began to make re- ligious inquiries, which resulted in their separation from the places where they had usually worshiped, and they met together for social worship at the hou.se of Mr. Titcomb. Their exercLsos were cariied on by prayer, singing, and reading a printed sermon ; this service they soon found cold and formal, and no additions were made to their number. They then substituted reading and explaining the Scriptures for the sermon, and after the services they conversed freely on their religious experiences. Their number now began to increase, and the private room became so crowded that in the beginning of 179'J they held their meetings in a school-house in Union Street. A short time previous to this, one of their number had been baptized and admitted to the Baptist Church in North Yarmouth ; the subject of baptism now earnestly engaged their atten- tion, and their inquiries into the Scriptures were particularly directed to this subject, which resulted in their conviction that baptism by immersion was the true form. In the space of eighteen months nine persons were baptized by immersion, and the society was visited by members of the Baptist persuasion. About this time Benjamin Titcomb was baptized at North Yarmouth, and joined the church there, and in January, 1801, received the approbation of that church to preach. The society now hired the third story of the brick building on the corner of Union and Middle Streets, and in the month of March, 1801, those who had been bap- tized met together, signed articles of faith, and agreed to unite together in church fellowship. For their regular organization they invited a council composed of the churches of Brunswick, North Yarmouth, and New Gloucester, which assembled in Portland in July, 1801, and proceeded to constitute the persons who had before associated together " as a church of Christ." These per- sons were Thomas Beck, Betsey Beck, Edward Carleton, Ruth Wheeler, Sally Tukey, Thankful Butman, Lois Owen, Eleanor Riggs, Moses Cross, and Mary Titcomb. Thomas Beck and Edward Carleton were chosen deacons July 21, 1802. Deacon Carleton died in 1825, and Dea- con Beck in 1830, aged seventy. In September, 1801, Benjamin Titcomb* became the first pastor of the church. In June, 1803, the first meet- ing-house was erected on Federal Street ; it was removed in 1811, and a large and convenient church erected on the same site, to which a tower and a bell were added in 1831. In ISOi, Mr. Titcomb removed to Brunswick, and was succeeded by Rev. Josiah Converse, who was ordained Oct. 21, 1807, and was dismissed at his own request iu 1810. Rev. Caleb Blood took pastoral charge in May, and continued till his death, March G, 1814. The puljjit was then supplied by occasional preaching till November, 1815, when Rov. Thomas B. Ripley commenced preaching, and sSee History of the Press, iu tliis work. HEN15Y B. HART. Henry B. Hart was born in Portsmoutli, N. H., in 1805. His father being in moderate circumstances he received only a common-scbool education, and was apprenticed to Mr. Jolin Abbott, a tanner and wool-puller. By his faithfulness and industry he won the regard of his employer, and after serving out his time was engaged by him as foreman. He remained in this position some five years, carefully saving his earnings till, Iiaving accumulated the sum of three hundred dollars, he determined to start in business for himself. Selecting Port- land as a promising field of operations, he came here in 1832, and, in company with Mr. Lefevre, commenced the wool-pull- ing business. This connection was of short duration, how- ever, and in 1836 he formed a partnership with his brother, under the firm-name of H. B. & H. M. Hart, and for thirty- five years they carried on the business at the same place, be- coming known all over the State as the leading house in that line. His business life was marked by no sudden grasping of fortune, but by a steady application and a careful prudence which resulted at length in a handsome competence. But, above all, his business life was marked by a stainless integrity which lield the esteem of all who came in contact with him. Being found worthy, he was called to many positions of trust, and many affairs, both of a public and private nature, were confided to him. He was a member of the city government, as councilman and alderman, many years, and was an active member of the school committee till illness compelled him to retire. He took great interest in public matters, and was one of the most active political workers in the city. An earnest Whig, and afterwards as earnest a Kepublican, he gave to his party a largn measure of his time, and etibrt, and money, and was representative in the Legislature. His energy found scojie in many ways outside his own private business. He was a leader in everything in which he became interested. He was at the time of liis death director in the First National Bank, the Portland Savings Bank, the New Brunswick Steamship Company, and the Forrest City Sugar Refinery, and was connected with nearly all the manu- facturing and transportation companies of the city. From its organization he was identified with the Free Street Baptist Church,' and a large share of its continued jirosperity is due to his unceasing labors and contributions. As its deacon and representative he was known through all the religious circles of the State, and was honored by the denomination with the position of treasurer of the convention and trustee of Waterville College. In his private life, however, and among his most intimate friends, his peculiar characteristics were best known and most esteemed. Those who knew him best valued him the highest. He was one of the most unselfish men that ever lived. Not only was he ready to give his money, but a far greater gift, — he never grudged his time, his strength, or his personal com- fort to assist another. His home was ever open to the stranger, his hand always stretched out to the needy, and amid the press- ing demands of his own business he always found time to attend to the claims of others. Of him it could be said, as of John, "I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame; I was a father to the poor. " It was this kindly, sympathetic disposition that endeared him to his friends. His earnestness and activity sometimes imshed him into opposition with others, but though he might differ from them he had only kindly feelings towards them, and was ready to be friends even with those who had wronged him. He was a good man, and faithful in every station he was called to occupy. He was married, in 1828, to Sarah Hill, of Portsmouth, who still survives him, and bad three children, all living at the present time, — Henry A., who is carrying on the business, under the firm-name of Hart & Co. ; Sarah E., married to Mr. A. Little, and Alice K., married to Mr. Holman Melchcr, both j)romincnt merchants of Portland. CITY OP PORTLAND. 183 was ordained in July, 1816. Ho continued to minister to tlie church till 1828, being a very able and successful preacher. During' his ministry 219 per.sons were added to the church. Mr. llipley was succeeded by Rev. Ebenezer Thresher, Jr., who was ordained Dee. 17, 1828, and remained fifteen months. Nov. 3, 1830, Eev. George Leonard, of Salem, was installed. The society was deprived of his services by his death, which occurred in Worcester, Mass., Aug. 12, 1831. It was not until September, 1832, that his place was supplied by Rev. John S. Meginnis, who was ordained on the occasion of his entering upon the pastorate, Pres- ident Wayland, of Brown University, preaching the ser- mon. The church in 1830 numbered 230 members, 389 having been received from the date of organization. Rev. Mr. Meginnis resigned in 1837, and was succeeded by Rev. James T. Champlin, who was ordained May 5, 1838, and continued till 1841. He was followed by Rev. Luther F. Beecher, in October, 1842, who closed his labors June 7, 1849. Eev. Jacob R. Scott settled over the church in September, 1849, and served it as pastor till April 4, 1853. The ne.xt pastor was Rev. William H. Shailer, installed March 19, 1854. Dr. Shailer remained pastor of the church till July or August, 1877, a peiiod of twenty-three years and a half, and- was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. Thomas D. Anderson, Jr., who was called October 10th, and installed Nov. 22, 1877. THE FEEE STREET BAPTIST SOCIETY was formed by a secession from the First Baptist Society in 1836. The withdrawing party purchased the theatre build- ing on Free Street the same year, and converted it into a convenient, church, which was dedicated Aug. 11, 1836. In 1856 the building was enlarged and greatly improved, both as to comfort and beauty, a tower being erected at one angle and a tall and graceful spire at the other, at an ex- pense of about $15,000. The first pastor of this church was Rev. Thomas Lin- coln, who was ordained to the work of the ministry Jan. 1, 1837. He resigned Oct. 25, 1841, and was succeeded in February, 1842, by Rev. L. Colby, who served the church till June, 1844. In November following. Rev. J. S. Eaton became pastor. He retired from the pastorate in 1855, and ceased from his earthly labors, very much lamented, in 1856. In March, 1855, he was succeeded by Rev. George W. Bosworth, D.D., who continued till Rev. J. C. Stock- bridge, D.D., was installed, who was his successor about two years, when Rev. A. K. P. Small was called and set- tled over the church. Mr. Small was pastor about seven years, and was followed by the present pastor. Rev. James McWhinnie, in January, 1875. The number of members of this church in 18G3 was 317. THE CATUOLIC CHURCH OP PORTLAND. In 1822 the few Catholics residing in Portland petitioned the Rt. Rev. John Cheverus, bishop of the diocese of Bos- ton, to make them a visit, with a view to taking steps to supply their religious wants. The diocese of Boston then embraced the whole of New England, but it has since been divided into sis ecclesiastical subdivisions or dioceses. Bishop Cheverus lost no time in placing himself in com- munication with the Catholics in the town, and appeared in their midst early in the spring of 1822, remaining .several daj's. Before his departure, he organized them into a con- gregation ; said ma.ss each day, and was rewarded in addi- tion with having brought two converts to the number while he tarried. Bishop Cheverus was a native of France, and returned to that country in 1823. Prom this time till very nearly the close of the year 1827 the Catholics of Portland were regularly visited at stated times by the Rev. Dennis Ryan, who was charged with the spiritual guidance of a Catholic congregation at Whitefield, Lincoln Co., and occasionally by the Rev. Father McNamee, a missionary priest. Within this period the Catholics re- ceived frequent accessions. In the year 1827 they had increa.sed in strength suffi- cient to warrant the attendance of a resident clergyman, and the Rev. Charles D. Ffrench, of the Dominican Order of Monks, was assigned by the bishop to the charge of the congregation. Bishop Penwick, who was the successor of Bishop Cheverus, and who was consecrated in November, 1825, arrived in Portland in the month of September, 1827, accompanied by the new pastor, who was placed in charge of the flock. Father Ffrench was a convert, and a descendant of a dis- tinguished Irish family, and at this time had a brother in possession of the title of bishop in the" Established Ciiurch," in the western part of Ireland. Down to the arrival of Father Ffrench the public re- ligious services were held in a room at the house of one of the Catholic families of the town. Ou his assuming the duties of pastor a larger room was hired on an upper floor, in a building on " Ilay-Market Row," now known as Mar- ket Square, in which all assembled for divine service ou Sundays, and other festivals of the church. Before his return to Boston, Bishop Penwick confirmed some adults and children in this building. It was while worshijiing in this place that the conversion of Mr. J. M. Young, printer, editor, and lawyer, of the town of Shaplcigh, York Co., occurred. He studied for the ministry, and in due course of time was ordained priest, and some years later was elevated and consecrated bishop of the important see of Erie, Pa. From Portland Father Ffrench attended missions in the neighboring State of New Hampshire at fixed times, and in his absence the catechism class and the devotional exercises for the congregation were conducted by Mr. John Crease, a gentleman of very considerable genius and scholarship, well known, and who will be remembered by the oldest citizens of Portland. In this duty Mr. Crease was faith- fully assisted by Mr. Young. Mr. Crease was foreman in the publication office of the Messrs. Edwards, who conducted at that time the Z'at?!/, IFce/.'/y, and Tii- Weekly Advertiser in Portland. In the year 1828 a movement looking to the erection of a suitable church upon some available situation in the town next received the most earnest consideration of pastor and people, for which purpose it was decided to open a sub- scription list and make an appeal to their co-religiouists in 184 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Boston, which awakened a responsive sympathy in that city. Their undcrtaiiing had been crowned witli success so far that in a year hiter a site was selected in a location at tiic lower part of State Street, deemed less liable than at other points to array the prejudices of the intolerant against its acquisition l}y the Catholics. A proposition was made for the purchase of the lot from its owner, John ¥ox, Esq., father of the Hon. Edward Fox, present United States Judge for the District of Maine. Mr. Fox, in the face of considerable opposition, in March, 1830, conveyed the lot to Father Ffronch, gracing the deed with a generous subscrrption towards building the church. .., As soon as materials could be collected, work upon the ■building' progressed. It was a plain brick structure with two gables, and was so far advanced towards completion that it was occupied about the 1st of November, for divine service. Early in this month, Bishop Fenwick visited tiie congregation, remaining over two weeks, preaching and ad- ministering the sacrament of confirmation to a number of children and adults: The strength of the congregation at this date did not fall far short of 200; but it was not till the month of August, 1833, that they witnessed the dedi- cation of their church to the W(nship of God, under tiie special patronage of Saint Dominic, by Bishop Fenwick, as.sisted by the Revs. Fathers Ffrench, McNamee, and Wiley, of Salem, Mass. At this period the parishioners numbered nearly 300, and nothing of special public interest liappened until 1839, when the devoted Father Ffrencli took leave of the congregation for a visit to Ireland. He was succeeded in the pastorate by the Rev. Patrick Flood, who, in 1841, transferred his charge to the Rev. Patrick O'Beirne, who was also succeeded, three years later, by the assignment of the Rev. James Power. In 1846 the Rev. James Maguire was appointed pastor in the succession at Saint Dominic's, and in the month of August, this year, the bishop of the diocese, Kt. Rev. Dr. Fenwick, died in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He was succeeded by Rt. Rev. John Bernard Fitzpatrick, D.D. Bishop Fitzpatrick was born in Boston, in 1812 ; he studied his theology at the Seminary of St. Sulpiee, Paris, and was there ordained priest. in June, 1840. Soon after his return to the United States, on the application of the Bishop of Boston to the Holy See, he Wiis consecrated, at George- town, D. C., Coadjutor Bishop of Boston, in March, 1844. At the date of Father Maguires assuming the charge of the church the worshipers had increased to nearly 1000 souls. The following year, called " black '47" by Irisli writers, was filled with evil forebodings to tlie people of Ireland. The potato crop, upon which, the peasantry mainly relied jbr their sustenance, was . totally destroyed by rot, and a famine plague spread abroad over the land, and tho.se who could fled, terror-stricken, from their country, as if from a charnel-house. A , steady stream of immigration began to flow towards the.se sliores, which continued for a few ■y.ears unabated. Portland received her quota in propor- ;tion to the inducements offered for tlie attraction hitiier of .manual labor ; and owing to this influx, Father Maguire finiml the seating capacity of this ciiurch, in 1848, entirely i(iade(juatc to the growth of his congregation, and sought relief in the erection of an addition, constructed on to the rear of the church. This enlargement sufficed only for a time. In the following year his physical powers began to givi^ way, and in the month of January, 1850, this zealous priest passed to his eternal reward. The body was removed to Boston for interment, there being no con- secrated burying-ground in Portland. The brief interval which elapsed, preceding the appnint- ment of a successor to Father Maguire, was alternately filled by the Revs. James O'Rielly, S. A. Mullidy, John McCabe, and Ambrose Monahan. Rev. John O'Donnell having been assigned to the charge next, entered upon his trust in the month of March, 18.')U. Very soon the question of a further increase of sittings in the church came up, for since the improvement, made in 1848, more than 500 had been added to the congregation, which was yet too poor to undertake the construction of a larger edifice. To overcome the difficulty, two public ser- vices — ma.s.ses — were held ; but even this ren)edy was but temporary, as he was obliged, finally, to build a large wooden addition to the brick-work in the rear, provided with a basement, which was converted into a vestry-room, while the upper portion was thrown into one large room, connecting in the rear of the altar with the church, the floor elevated some forty feet above the dais. In this apartment, sep- arated from the sanctuary by an open lattice-work, the children and youths assembled for divine service at the same time that the adults assisted thereat in the church. In this room, also, the Sunday-school classes were brought together. With the growth of the church came also the responsi- bility of the poor, to alleviate whose wants the priest found no difficulty in founding a permanent Catholic benevolent society from the men and women of his congregation, who at stated times made the distributions of clothing and pro- visions at all seasons when needed; nor did this indefati- gable pastor neglect to provide intellectual food for such as desired to avail themselves of the advantages of sound, healthy reading matter. The " Young Catholic Friends' Society" was established, with a library rising above 700 volumes. Thus was this priest ever found moving about with tireless activity, promoting the welfare of his congre- gation, and strengthening their influence in the community, till, in a short time after, he was transferred to another field of labor, where he has acquired the friendship and confi- dence of Protestants as well as Catholics. In 1853, Pope Pius IX. promulgated a bull erecting the city of Portland into a see. The limits of the new diocese embraced the States of New Hampshire and Maine. The Very Rev. Father Caskery, Vicar-General of the Arch- diocese of Baltimore, received the appointment of Bishop of Portland, which was declined by him on account of ill health. An interregnum of almost two years took place before a second appointment was made, when, on the feast 'of the Annunciation, 1855, Father Bacon, pastor of St. Joseph's Church, in Brooklyn, N. Y., was designated, and on the 22d day of April, same year, was consecrated bishop /ti in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City. About the close of the following month the Right Rev. D. W. Bacon, D.D., accompanied by Bishop Fitzpatrick, of Boston ; the e^TsagBia^iL, poiaTtaiKi©, bmaokiis. £,..1, i r.;-^, P- CITY OF PORTLAND. 185 Rev. Fathers O'Beirne, of Roxbury ; Daly, of Concord ; and Bapts, of Bangor, arrived at Portland, and was welcomed at tlie depot by the pastor of St. Dominie's, the Rev. John O'Donneil, who was joined by Fathers Putnam, of White- field, and Patchenin, of Eastport. Bishop Bacon was born in New York, in the year 1814; he received his theological education at the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Montreal, completing: the cour.tures of the Old and New Testaments con- tain a revelation of the perfection and will of God, and the rule of faith and practice. " II. AVe believe in one God, infinite in all his attributes, and that these are modifications of adorable, incomprehensible, and unchange- able love, manifested to mankind in Jesus Christ. " III. We believe the spirit of God will, in due time, so efTectually teach all men that the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the Lorlied, which was accordingly complied with some time during the year 1827. The records containing the signatures of the orig- inal members perished in the great fire of July 4, 1866, but the church and Sunday-school, organized in 1827, have continued with growing and enlarging influence to be the important factor in the spiritual welfare of the parish. After the death of Mr. Bisbe, until the summer of 1831, the pulpit was supplied by Rev. William I. Reese, who was followed by Rev. Monzies Rayner, in September, 1831. Mr. Rayner's connection with the parish was di-ssolved in 1835, and Rev. D. D. Smith succeeded him in April, 1836. The next pastor was Rev. C. C. Burr, who continued until April, 1842, when Rev. L. L. Sadler became pastor, and remained till 1847. Rev. Russell Strecter was then cailed to the pari.sh the second time, and continued in the pastoral relation till 1854, when he was succeeded by Rev. C. R. Moor, who served the church till 1860, and was followed by Rev. Edwin C. Bollcs, in April, 1861. Mr. Bolles re- mained pastor of the church till he was called to Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1869, in October of which year the present pas- tor, Rev. W. E. Gibbs, was called and settled over the parish. Uiidcr the ministry of Mr. Bolles, the present elegant and costly church edifice of the society was erected on Con- gress Square. The lot was purchased in 1864. The church was dedicated in 1865. The entire cost of the enterprise was over $80,000. INDIA STRKKT UNIVERSALIST SOCIKTY. Immediately after the removal of the First Universalist Society to the new church in Congress Square, the old church was sold at auction, and purchased by parties who afterwards organized a parish, by the name of " Tiio Pearl Street Universalist Society." This society was composed in part of some of the persons who had formerly belonged to a society which severtil years before had swarmed from CITY OF PORTLAND. 101 the old one, and organized as the Second Um'versalist So- cidy ill Portland, and in part of members of the old so- ciety, who, having their residence in the eastern part of the city, would be more conveTiient to the old church than to the new. The Rev. T. M. Atwood, of Watcrtown, N. Y., was called to the pastorate of the Pearl Street So- ciety, and under his able and faithful labors it increased in numbers and power, and was being consolidated into a strong parish, when its church was destroyed in the great conflagration of July 4, 1866. This loss, added to the losses suffered by individual members, was a heavy blow to the new and rising parish, and for a season it was compelled to suspend its work, and Mr. Atwood accepted a call to a parish in another State. But the fidelity and courage of not a few of its members were of the kind that does not easily yield to disappointment or apparent failure. They persevered in their purpose, — purchased a small church, re- cently vacated by the Congress Street Methodist Society, called to be their minister a most earnest worker and elo- quent and effective preacher, the Rev. Alexander Kent, of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Mr. Kent labored with zeal and success until ill health admonished him to seek a more genial climate. Since the retirement of Mr. Kent, the society has had the services of Rev. James Marsden, of Massachusetts, Rev. George W. Bicknell, and the present pastor. Rev. C. H. Hayden. In 1871 the society erected a large and handsome brick church, on the corner of Congress and India Streets, — a most eligible location, — and has, by authority of the Legis- lature, changed its name to that of " The India Street Universalist Society." It has a vigorous and promising Sunday-school of some 175 members. SWEDENBORGIAN. The doctrines of the New Church first gained advocacy in Portland about the year 1825, by Dr. Timothy Little, who having met with the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, and become profoundly convinced of their truth, invited others to their perusal, and soon held regular meetings on Sab- bath evenings. These meetings increased in number and interest until it was deemed advi.sable to hold public services, which began in June, 1829. On Sunday, Aug. 21, 1830, twelve persons received baptism, and were formally con- stituted a society under the name of " New Jerusalem Church." Some of the original members, — Dr. Little, Sam- uel Colman, Oliver Gerrish, Dr. A. Rea, Ebcnezer Mason, and William Hunnewell, Jr., Rev. Thomas Worcester, — and delegates from a society in Boston, assisted in the organ- ization. The meetings of the society were first lield in the vestry of the Methodist church on Cumberland Street. In 1837, Rev. Henry Worcester was settled as pastor of the church. He continued till his death, which occurred May 24, 1841, and was succeeded by Rev. James Scott, who remained about three years, after which the desk was supplied by Rev. Mr. Colburn and Rev. Thomas D. Sturdevant, till October, 1847, when Dr. Little again commenced conduct- ing the services, which he continued till the time of his death, Nov. 27, 1849. He was succeeded by the Rev. William B. Hayden, who was licensed to preach in 1850, and ordained pastor of this church June 13, 1851. He re- mained in that relation, which he honored with his able services and excellent Christian character, for nearly a quarter of a century. The pulpit was then supplied from Sunday to Sunday by different ministers till Nov. 1, 1877, when Rev. Julian K. Smyth began to preach as a licentiate. Mr. Smyth was ordained pastor Jan. 5, 1879, and .still offi- ciates in that capacity. friends' society. The following notice we take from Mr. Freeman's ex- tracts : "The Society of Frionda in PurtlancI was org.nnizecl in 1700, and their brick church commenced in 1795. " It may not bo amiss to ol)servo, as to the society of this denomi- nation, that it originated in England A. n. 1G44, having for its head George Fo.-i, born at Drayton in July, 1024. *' In about seven years the preachers of their principles increased in number to such a degree that no less than sixty ministers were raised up in Great Britain, and before the close of that century were spread in most of the European kingdoms and in America. Adherents to them first came to New England in IC.JIJ. Here, as well as in Eng- land, they met with cruel jjersecutiuns, which it would be foreign to my design to set forth. "Before the year IGOti Ihey held meetings, as other Christians, for worship on the first day of the week ; also at other times, ns occasions required. At an annual meeting that year it was reconimendcd to Friends living at a distance to hold meetings in their families; and for the regular administration of discipline and other helps they es- tablished in their society four other kinds of meetings, vi/., prepara- tive, monthly, quarterly, and yearly meetings. In these worship and business were connected. " The authority of the first was only to judge of the propriety of carrying the matters before it to the higher mettings, at which depu- ties consisting of persons of both se.\es are appointed to remove it to the ne.'it in order, and there join in the transaction of any other busi- ness that may regularly come before them. The first meeting in the State of Maine was held in the upper part of York, in December, 1662, by three women, who had been prosecuted and whipped ot Dover, in New Uampshire, viz., Anna Coleman, Miiry Tompkins, and Alice Ambrose. " Soon after another was held at Berwick, but no account of any other meeting can be found for more than sixty years, when in Oc- tober, n.Sn, one was held by a few families found in Kittery. "In 174.3 a meeting for worship was set up in Falmouth, and in 1750 one was regularly established in Berwick. "The next was established in Windham iu 1779. After this meet- ings were multiplied in diftcrent parts of the State, when in 17'.I0 the present society in Portland was established. It is unnecessary to enumerate the many meetings that have been established since. I will only add that the most general awakening, or, in the language of the soeiity, ' the most general convincement that has ever taken place in Mainehappened during the Revolutionary war, principally through the instrumentality of David Sands, of Cornwall, in the State of Now York, an eminent minister of this society.'" BURIAL-PLACES. EASTERN CEMETERY. The oldest burying-ground in Portland is the Eastern Cemetery on Munjoy Hill. The date of its appropriation to the purposes of a common burial-place is not known, nor have we any record or tradition going to show where the first persons who died on the Neck, or those killed in the first Indian war, more than two hundred years ago, were buried. Probably this spot was selected on account of its elevation and suitableness in other respects, and was after- wards set apart as the public burying-ground of the settle- ment. If any monuments ever marked the resting-place of 192 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINPl the first pioneers, they were probably of n very rude deserip- tion or perishable nature, and became obliterated before the first permanent settlement after the peace of 1713. The oldest stone which has been noticed in the Eastern Cemetery is that of Mrs. Mary Green, who died May 23, 1717. In the corner which formed the earliest part of the burying j-round arc found the tombs of Ilev. Thomas Smith and his wives and sons, restored by tlie First Parisli Church in 184G, and the quaitit old red sandstone monument of Sheriff Tyng, of the Revolutionary era. On the opposite side of the yard, towards Mountfort Street, are tlie monuments erected to the memory of the naval heroes, William Burroughs, of the United States Brig " Enterprise," and Samuel BIythe, of His Majesty's Brig " Boxer," who fought and died together off this coast, Sept. 5, 1813, and were buried liere with impressive and im- posing ceremonies on the Sth of September. Beside them lies Lieut. Kervin Waters, of the " Enterprise," mortally wounded in the same action, of which Longfellow sings: '* 1 romciubcr the ?ca-fii;lit far aw.ay, Ht)\v it thunilered o'er the tule ! Ami the dead captains, as they lay In their graves oveHuoliing the tranquil bay, \Vhei"e they in buttle died." The navy is well represented here. Commodore Preble liad his white marble monument ; and here also is com- memorated the death of the gallant Lieut. Henry Wads- worth (uncle of the poet Longfellow, and for whom he was named), who fell before Tripoli, in 1804. The Rev. Edward Payson also was buried here; and an ornamental shaft of white marble marks the resting-place of Rev. JMr. Reese, of the Universalist Church. Most of the old monu- ments are box-like structures of brick and granite, or tables supported on pillars. The grass grows rankly over the crowded graves; the elms and poplars, which have sprung up at their own sweet will, cast here and there a shade ; and year by year the grave-stones settle and grow more and more awry. WESTERN CEMETERY. The Western Cemetery was laid out as an additional burial place in 1820. The site chosen on Bramhall Hill was then ftr enough away from the centre of population, although it now adjoins the most substantial residence por- tion of the city, the population having extended westward to the extreme end of the peninsula. This cemetery com- prises about twelve acres of ground, purchased of the heirs of Josiah Paine, Elias Merrill, and others. The first por- tion of it was purchased Dec. 8, 1829. It has long since been filled with graves, and necessity has been created for rural cemeteries, outside of the city limits, of which we shall speak presently. In this cemetery the most conspicuous monuments are those of Chief-Justice Prentiss Mellen, erected in 1850, by the bar of the State, and a monument to Master Jackson, a time-honored teacher of the town, erected by his pupils. EVERGREEN CKJIETERY is a beautiful rural burial-place, situated in Westbrook, about two and a half miles out of the city. The road to it is over a smooth and well-graded pike, and its entrance is also on the line of the horse-car railway from the city through the suburban villages to Morrell's Corner, by which it may bo conveniently visited every half-hour during the (lay. Iti wandering through the winding paths of this beautiful retreat, noticing its thrifty shade-trees, beautiful flower-beds, and shining lakelets, and above all its elegant and costly monuments, which meet the view along the carriage-drives and retired walks, on every hand for miles in extent, one can hardly realize the fact that it is scarcely twenty-five years since the first grave was made and the first monument erected hero. This cemetery was projected in 1852, by the cominittoe on common burial-grounds for that year, appointed by the City Council, consisting of Messrs. Jones, Beckett, Jlcrrill, and Dearborn. Messrs. Jones and Beckett were delegated a sub-committee, to examine carefully the condition of burial-places and make suggestions of such improvements as they thought were needed. The labors of this committee were first directed to the Eastern Cemetery, which up to that time had been very much neglected. The rough board fence which inclosed it was falling into decay, the monu- ments had become defaced or broken by the thoughtless or vicious people who were allowed to make it a thoroughfare from Hancock to Congress Streets, while its southeastern boundary was made the receptacle, by those who dwelt on the other side of the fence, of all valueless or offensive re- fuse. This thoroughfare was at once debarred by the com- mittee, who placed a strong fence eight feet high on the side next to Hancock Street, graded convenient paths through the grounds, constructed a brick sidewalk with granite curbstones along the whole front on Congress Street, and erected the neat and substantial wooden fence which still incloses the cemetery. Thus was the good work of improvement inaugurated. The substantial stone wall which now prevents the bank on the southern side from caving down was erected subsequent to the great fire of 18CG. But improvements were not allowed to rest with what was done for the Eastern Cemetery. The question of pro- curing a rural cemetery out of the city had been mooted, but there was miich opposition to it, which continued till after the land had been purchased. The committee, how- ever, were indefatigable. They at first purchased a little over 54 acres of ground of Oliver Buckley and William Stevens, for $5299. By subsequent purchases, involving an expenditure of about $25,000 more, the area h;u> been increased, so that at the present time the cemetery com- prise.s nearly 200 acres. The city has still another public burial-place, viz. : FOREST CITY CE.METERY, lying on the southerly side of Fore River, south of Vaughan's Bridge, purchased of Samuel Haskell, Aug. 12, 1858, con- taining about 50 acres, for which the sum of $5000 was paid. MOUNT CALVARY CEMETERY is the Catholic burying-ground. It is situated in Cape Elizabeth, about two miles from the centre of the city, and comprises about 60 acres. Before the selection of this ground the Catholic citizens had buried in a part of the / Ofl- Ur. iSleplieii Cuniiuiugs was born in Aiiduver, Mass., Jan. 12, 1773. He received a good education while young, studied medicine, and about the year 179-1 married Eleanor Hale, of the town of Temple, N. II. In 1795 he settled in Waterford, Me., as a physician, and practiced until 1801, when he removed to Portland, where he practiced medicine and surgery for some forty-five years, and until near his death, which occurred March 2, 1854. Dr. Cummlngs was known as among the earliest and most successful physicians of Portland. His social, genial, and unassuming ways won for him many friends. He was particularly fond of asso- ciations with young people, who learned to respect him in his old age. He possessed that integrity in all his relations with men that commanded their esteem and confidence, and his skill in the practice of his profession ranked him among the best educated men in medicine in the State. His chil- dren were Mrs. Sarah A. Bradley, died 1875 ; Dr. Sumner Cummings, for many years a physician of Portland, died 1848; Stephen Cummings, died 1863; John M., graduate of Bowdoin College, and physician of Portland for many years, and a farmer during the latter part of his life, died 1878; Fitz Henry Cummings, died 1837;" and Nathan Cummings, who was born in Waterford, Aug. 20, 1796, and when five years old came with liis father to Portland. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1817 in a class of eight, none of whom survive. Nathan Cummings .studied law with Stephen Longfellow when his ofiice was in his dwelling-house, and his sign was over the door of the small one-story addition next to the Preble House, which wa.s built for an entrance to the law office, then in the east room. He was admitted to practice in the State courts in 1820. By the invitation of the town authorities, he delivered an oration in the First Parish meet- ing-house on the 4th of July, 1822. In 1824 he married Emily, daughter of Isaac Ilsley, rhoto. by M. F. King. who was culkictor of customs for the Portland district twenty-seven years, and who resigned in 1829 rather than hold the office under President Jackson. ! In ] 830 he was chosen a director of the Casco Bank in j a board composed of the prominent citizens, none of whom are now living, viz. : Eliphalet Greeley, Ezekiel Day, Charles Mussey, M. P. Sawyer, Christopher Wright, Phineas Var- num, Nathan Cummings. Mr. Cummings was annually re-elected forty-six years, and held the office at the time of his death. He was an active politician in the days of the Whig party, and in 1840 he was appointed collector of the port by President Harrison, and in 1843 lie was removed by Tyler for opinion's sake. In 1848 Mr. Cummings en- gaged in the flour business with the late Joseph C. Noyes ; but his home and his books had stronger attractions for him than the uncertainties of mercantile life, and after a suc- cessful business of three or four years the firm was dissolved, and he spent the remaining years of his life in quiet enjoy- ment, with an occasional visit to his friends and the libra- ries of Boston. He was a member of the Maine Historical Society, elected in 1834. He was a member of the old rifle corps forty-five years ago. The corps was then celebrated for its social gather- ings, when the best literary talent of the town vied in witty songs, sentiments, and sharp sayings. At the close of an anniversary dinner, Mr. Cummings thus gracefully and feel- ingly alluded to our departed comrades, wliom he has now joined. To fully appreciate the sentiment which brought all to their feet, it must be recollected that the adopted color of the corps was green : " Our departed comrades: Their plume is the wild weed, Their mantle is the green of the valley." He died in 1870, leaving three sons and one daughter who yet survive, — Dr. Isaac I., a graduate of Harvard Col- lege, Mrs. Charlotte A. Miller, Augustus, and Stephen H. CITY OF PORTLAND. 193 Western Cemetery set off to them. But in 1857 the Rt. Rev. David W. Biicon, late bishop of the diocese of Port- land, with that enlari;ed policy which characterized all his measures for the welfare of his church, procured this site fur a cemetery, where the faithful members of his flock niiglit repose after death in grounds consecrated according to the forms of their own faith. THE LONGFKLLOW HOUSE. Next west of the Preble House, somewhat back from the street, beneath a shade of drooping elms, is an old mansion, which was the finst brick house erected in Portland, in 1785. It was built by Gen. Peleg Wadsworth, who in his day was a dislingui!^hed military man, having been second in command in the expedition to the Penobscot, in 1779, and the first representative in Congress from this district. His son-in-law, Stephen Longfellow, who afterwards occu- pied the house, added a third story to it, and the line of addition is still plainly to be seen in the weather-beaten bricks. It is a plain, old fashioned mansion. The impres- sion generally prevails that the poet Longfellow was born in this house, but it is a mistake. COLLECTION OF CUSTOMS. Falmouth was the only collection district in JIaine pre- vious to the Revolution. In 1701 naval oflSccs were es- tablished by law in every seaport in the province, " for the entering and clearing of all ships and other vessels trading to and from it," and a fee-table was prepared for their regu- lation. The colony laws relating to imports were numer- ous. At first small duties were laid upon wines and spirits, which were afterwards extended to " all goods, wares, mer- chandises, and provisions of all sorts, excepting fish, sheep's wool, cotton wool, salt," and a few other articles of common necessity. By a statute passed in 1G70, by Ma.ssachusetts, the duty was ud valoiem Id. for every 20s. value, but the tariff was then, as now, the subject of continual alteration. When the naval oiBce was opened in this port we have been unable to ascertain. Moses Pearson is said to have been the first naval ofiicer, which was probably about 1730. He was succeeded by Enoch Freeman in 1749, who was appointed deputy collector in 1750. But the business of the town increasing, it was thought proper to establish a collection district here in 1758, and Francis Waldo was appointed the first collector. He was representative of the town in 1702 and 1763. At the commencement of the Revolution he went to P]ngland and never returned. His estates here were confiscated under the absentee act in 1782 and .sold. He died in London. Allon McLean was Waldo's deputy until 17G0. McLean was killed in the house of Capt. Ross, in Middle Street, in March, 1760, by the iiiUing of the garret-floor loaded with corn. This fell upon McLean in the chamber, carried that floor down, and killed John Fleet in the kitchen. Tiiey were both from Scotland, each twenty-six years old, and buried in one grave. In 1770, George Lyde was appointed collector of the port by the board of commissioners, who appointed Thomas Oxnard, of Falmouth, his deputy. At the commencement of the Revolution the oflicers of the customs here were 25 Mr. Lyde, Mr. Oxnard, Mr. Child, weigher and gaugcr, David Wyer, Sr., tide surveyor, and Arthur Savage, comp- troller. On the breaking out of the war all the persons connected with the custom-house, except Mr. Child, joined the royal party and left the country. Mr. Child was then appointed to the principal cluirge of the post by Massachu- setts, under the title of naval officer, and held it until his death in 1787. Before the Revolution the custom-house was kept in a dwelling-house, on the corner of King and Middle Streets, and was burnt in the conflagration of the town. The next custom-house was a pine shed, and the third a wooden building, but little better, which was also used as a store- hou.se ; the next building, described by Mr. Neal as a " Doric temple," was a tall structure of Sand Bay granite, and was superseded by another granite building, of much larger di- mensions, erected by the United States, on the site of the present custom-house. It was an imposing structure, with a row of columns in front. It was destroyed by fire in the great conflagration of 1860, and the new structure was afterwards erected. The present custom-house is one of the finest buildings in the city. The material is a very light-colored granite, from Concord, N. H., resembling the finest marble. It cost about §500,000, is thoroughly and elegantly finished within and without, and is believed to be fire-proof. We subjoin the following names and terms of office of the col- lectors of customs at the port of Portland, from 1787 to 1879: Nathaniel F. Fosdick, 1787-1802; Isaac Ilsley, 1802-29; John Chandler, 1829-41 ; Nathan Cummings, 1841-43 ; John Anderson, 1843-45 ; Robert P. Dunlap, 1845-49 ; Luther Jewett,* 1849-53 ; Ezra Carter, 1853- 57; Bloses McDonald, 1857-61 ; Jedediah Jewett, 1861- '•"' The pedigree of Joseph Jewett, who came from Bradford, W. R., Yorkehire, England, to Rowley, Mass., 1638, from Uenri de Juatt, a knight of the First Crusades, is in possession of Rev. Caleb Hulcbin- son, of Indiana, who is compiling a history of the family. Descended from this Joseph Jewett, of Rowley, through Nchcniiab Jewett, Speaker of the House of Massachusetts, were Joseph and James Jewett, who came to Portland from Rowley during the latter half of the last century. Joseph Jewett lived on .Middle and Silver Streets, and the amount of silver stored in his cellar during the French war gave a name to the street. The brothers were graduates of Harvard College, and their children were Rev. Caleb Luther, collector of this port; Jedediah, mayor of Portland ; Joseph Scott, major-general of the 5tb Division. M. V. M., and colonel in United States army, 1S39; George, colonel in militia. Some of these were connected by blood and marriage with Elijah Kellogg's family, Governor Dunlap's family, Professor Young's family, and Gen. Jameson's family. Gen. Jewett's children are (1) Col. James C, the only American merchant who was allowed by Congress to arm his vessels. He was Governor of the Lobos Islands, which he discovered and protected by the guns of his vessels, and which the Peruvian government bought of him by paying to his order $1,000,000 into the United Stiitos Treasury; (2) William S. ; (.3) Robert P.; (4) Mary Jane; (5) Har- riette de Jlar, who married Capt. Frederick Forsyth, last commander of the historic " Rifle Corps." The other Jewetts of this branch are Sarah 0., " Colorado" Jewett, first Governor of Colorado. Mrs. Dell P. Harrison, of New York, and Seward Jewett. A few years ago a family by the name of i\Iahony, in this city, chan"ed its name to Jewett. Of course none of these belonged to the Jewetts of Rowley. — Genealogist. ]n+ HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 63; Israel Washburn, Jr., 18G3-77; Lot M. Morrill, 1877. rOST-OFPICE. The postoffico building is of Vcniiont marble, and co.st $5()(),0()(l. The ground floor is oecuj)iod by the spacious and well-arranged apartments of the city post-office, and the whole second story by the United States court-rooms and offices. The building is elegantly fitted and furnished throughout, and is one of the finest in the city. The first post-office building owned by the United States in Portland was known as the E.xciiauge, and occupied the site of the present building. It was erected by the city at a cost — in- cluding the land— of $100,000, and was sold to the United States in 1849 for $149,000, $2000 of which were to be expended in repairs. It was in its day the most notable structure in Portland, being composed of beautiful syenite from the Kennebunk quarries. The length of the building on Exchange Street was 13G feet, and its principal front, on Middle Street, 75 feet, the height being three stories. It was surmounted by a dome 75 feet high from the sidewalk, and 63 feet in diameter, and the front elevation supported by a row of eight beautiful columns. The Exchange was destroyed by fire, and with it the natural histoiy collection. It was rebuilt by the United Slates, and stood till the great fire of 1866. The present building occupies the same site, and was erected by the United States government after the fire. The following are tlie names of the postmasters of Port- land since Samuel Freeman, who was appointed by Benja- min Franklin, Postmaster-General, by a commission — still preserved in this office — bearing date Oct. 1, 1775. Deacon Freeman was removed by Jefferson, in 1803, for political reasons; Samuel Freeman, Oct. 5, 1775-1804; Thomas M. Prentiss, 1804-5; Jo.^hua Wiiigate, Feb. 20, 1805, to Aug. 8, 1805; James Wingate, Aug. 9, 1805-15; Robert llsley,* 1815-28; Math. Harris ;t Nathaniel Law, 1828- 29; Nathaniel Mitchell, 1829-34; Thomas Todd, 1834- 39; Nathaniel Mitchell, 1839-41; Sylvanus 11. Lyman, 1841-45 ; Nathan L. Woodbury, 1845-49 ; Joshua Dunn, 1849-53; Nathan L. Woodbury, 1853-57 ; Samuel Jor- dan, 1857-61; Andrew T. Dole, 1861-65; Woodbury Davis,* 1865-71 ; Charles W. Goddard, 1871. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Nahum Littlefield, Chief Engineer. Granville II. Cloyes, First Assistant Engineer. John H. Hussell, Second Assistant Engineer. Charles D. Skillings, Third Assistant Engineer. Amory H. Rogers, Fourth Assistant Engineer. APPARATUS. The fire-apparatus consists of five steam fire-engines in commission and one held in reserve ; five (horse) hose-car- riages, which are run in connection with the steamers; two hose-carriages held in reserve ; two hook-and-ladder trucks; one hand-engine and hose-carriage; one hose-car- riage held in reserve at tlie almshouse, and one fire- department wagon for genei'al use. The following are the engines in use : ■ Difil ID uQice. t AiipointL-d in 182:i, but declined. Miichignnne Steamer, No. 1. — Located No. 557 Con- gress Street. This engine was built by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Manchester, N. H. Put in ser- vice July 1, 1871. It is a double reciprocating vertical engine, 7j-inch cylinders, 8-incli stroke; pumps 4^ inches in diameter, 8-inch stroke ; will throw 600 gallons of water per minute ; it has 4| square feet grate surface, 219 square feet of heating surface. Weight, 7400 pounds. Jeremiah Ilslcy, Foreman ; Edward W. Porter, Engineer. J'orlland Steamer, No. 2. — Located No. 134 Congress Street. Built by Amoskeag Manufacturing (Company, Manchester, N. II., in 1861 ; rebuilt in 1871. Diameter of steam cylinder 82 inches, 12-inch stroke; plunger ])ump 4 1 inches diameter, 12-inch stroke. Weight of engine, 5600 pounds. The engine held in reserve, likewise called Portland, No. 2, is kept at No. 2 engine-house, and is used in summer, while the first No. 2 is used in winter. Edward II. Sargent. Foreman; John Cousins, Engineer. Cumberland Steamer, Ko. 3. — Located No. 176 Brackett Street. Built by the Portland Company in 1870. Steam cylinder 9 f inches in diameter, lO-iuch stroke; diameter of pump 4| inches; will throw 400 gallons per minute. Weight of engine, 6800 pounds. Richard II. Ball, Fore- man ; Alfred Wiggin, Engineer. Falmonth Sleayner, No. 4. — Located No. 157 Spring Street. Built by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Manchester, N. H. Put in service Dec. 20, 1873. It is a double reciprocating vertical engine ; diameter of cylinder, 7^ inches, stroke 8 inches; pumps 4A inches diameter, 8-inch stroke; will throw GOO gallons of water per minute. Weight of engine, 7600 pounds. A. F. Griffin, Foreman ; T. H. Williams, engineer. Casco Steamer, No. 5. — Located No. 380 Congress Street. Built by Portland Company in 18G6, rebuilt 1871. Steam cylinder 9§ inches in diameter, 10-inch stroke; sleeve pump, 4J inches in diameter, 10-inch stroke ; will throw 400 gallons per minute. Weight of engine, 6800 pounds. Robert II. Slurpliy, Foreman ; Charles P. French, Engineer. Dirigo Hand Engine, No. 8. — Located at the westerly end of Congress Street, on Burnham Street, near Libby corner. The engine was built by Leonard Crockett in 1852. Diameter of cylinder, 62 inches, 16-inch stroke. The com- pany receive no pay for their services, doing duty in the city only when specially called for. Ileury Batchelder, Foreman. Washington JIouh-aud-Ladder, No. 1 . — Located on In- dia, near Congress Street. Truck built by Hunnemnn & Co., Boston, and put in service in August, 1874. The company attached consists of 20 members. Benj. L. Saw- yer, Foreman ; W. R. Gribben, Clerk. Eagle IJook-and-Laddcr, No. 2. — Located on JIarkct, near Congress Street. The company attached comprises 10 members. Truck built by Remington & Co., Provi- dence, R. I., in 1866, remodeled and improved in 1869. John IL Long, Foreman ; Frederic E. Jacobs, Clerk. Flli EALAUSi TELEGRAril. Connected with this are 41 alarm-boxes, 28 miles of wire, 4 bell-strikers, 6 large gongs, 16 city call-beils, 8 private Jl,l riii'to. by Larnson, I'mtlanii. /Xj/^^^^^ ^^,/yt/j^ David Moulton is sixth in descent from John Moiihon, tlie emigrant ancestor, who was born at Ormsby, Norfoliv Co., England, about 1599. Left England, with his wife Aimie and five children, in the spring of 1637 ; settled at Winnacunnctt, N. H., in 1638,'adinitted a freeman May 22, 1639, was chosen tiie first deputy to the General Court the next September, and died about 1650. His grandfather, David Moulton, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and was in the battle of Butt's Hill, R. I., fought Aug. 29, 1778, under the command of Gen. Sullivan. He married Dorothy, a descendant of Joseph Moulton, who was also one of tiie first settlers of Winnacunnctt (Hampton), N. H. Removed fron;, Hampton to Porter, N. H., in 1794, and at the first town-meeting held after the incor- poration of Porter, in 1807, he was chosen chair- man of the selectmen, and continued a member of the board until 1822, with the exception of two years. Joseph Moulton, second son, and father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born July 23, 1797. Married^ Abigail Goodwin, daughter of Zachariaii Beal, of Portsmouth, N. H., Feb. 10, 1823. Siie was born at New Market, Jan. 25, 1798. He was a shoe- maker and tanner at Portsmouth, N. H., and at Porter, Me., until 1835, when he removed to Fox- croft, Me., where he carried on farming until 1855, when he removed to ^ycstbrook (now Dcoring), where he continues to reside in 1879. He held the office of adjutant of 2d Regiment, 2d Brigade, Gth Division, ten years ; of deputy sheriff for Oxford County, eight years; for Pisciitaquis County, eight years ; of coroner, for fourteen years ; of United States deputy marshal (appointed in 1840) ; and of selectman, assessor, and overseer of the poor of Westbrook for the years 1856-57. In politics he was a Democrat until the formation of tlie Repub- lican party. Of their children, David is the eldest son ; born at Porter, Nov. 21, 1825. He was educated at the town schools of Porter and Foxcroft Academy. At the age of fourteen he became a clerk in Bangor, Me. Subsequently he w^as a student at Foxcroft Academy, followed by two terms as a teacher. In the spring of 1844 he came to Portland, and for several years was a clerk in a hat and cap store. He afterw'ards set up business for liimself, and engaged in the hat and cap trade, and for a time in the sale of corn and flour. May 15, 1863, he was appointed deputy collector of customs for the district of Portland and Falmouth. This office he continues to hold, having officiated under Jedediah Jewett, Governor M'ashburn, and Lot M. Morrill, collectors. He also acts iis cashier at the custom house, and is responsible for a faith- ful and accurate disj)ositi()n of all moneys received. Gen. Taylor, for whom he cast iiis first vote, Lin- coln, and Grant, were his choice for |)residents. He married, Nov. 26, 1852, Elizabeth J., daughter of Ebenezer Wentworth, of Biddeford, Mc His wife was born April 4, 1829, and died Feb. 10, 1869, leaving five children, — Abbic Cora (deceased), Henry C, Sarah Agnes, George Albert, anhed room, open at all business hours to the renters, in which tliey can transact their business in perfect safety and assured privacy. 196 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. THE PRESUMPSCOT IRON COMPANY. The works of this company are located at the mouth of Presumpscot River, about two miles from the city, contig- uous to the Grand Trunk Railway, and have wharf and water facilities for the accommodation of the larjjest vessels. The buildings are large and roomy, and furnished with machinery of the most approved plans, for all kinds of heavy as well as smaller forgings. Francis McDonald, President ; George E. B. Jackson, Treasurer and Clerk ; Francis JIcDonald, George E. B. Jackson, James D. Fessenden, Joseph S. Rieker, and Henry M. Payson, Directors. Office, 194 Fore Street. GREENLEAF LAW LIBRARY. Incorporated February, 18G7. The law library, belonging to the Cumberland bar, came to an end in the great fire. Soon after, Mrs. Grecnlcaf, of Cambridge, Blass., hearing of the loss, tendered the law library of her late husband, which had descended from his father, Simon Grcenleaf, formerly of this city, as a gift to the bar, which was grate- fully received. It consisted of 1260 volumes. This has been increased by puichase, so that the library now com- prises 2700 volumes. Officers for ISTD : Bion Bradbury, President; S. C. Strout, Vice-President; George F. Holmes, James T. Mc- Cobb, Nathan Cleaves, Trustees ; Byron D. Verrill, Secre- tary and Treasurer; Clarence Hale, Jos. A. Locke, Edward P. Payson, Committee on Festivities. PORTLAND INSTITUTE AND PUBLIC LIBRARY. An association under this name was incorporated Jan. 22, 18G7, its object being to establish and maintain "a library, and an institute of natural history, science, and art, in the city of Portland." Through the munificence of the city authorities, spacious rooms have been provided for the library, etc., in the city building, and the number of bound volumes already collected is nearly 26,000, whilst a goodly display of the busts of celebrated men, and other works of art, adorn the rooms. The library is on the north- westerly side of the city building, on the main floor. Citi- zens, by paying $2 per annum, have the privilege of taking out two books at any time ; and the use of the books on the premises is free to all comers. The teachers of the public schools and members of the city government have use of the library free of charge. The price of life membership is $50 ; of annual member- ship, $5. The rooms are open on secular days from ten A.M. to nine p.m. AVilliam L. Putnam, President ; Israel Washburn, Jr., Vice-President; Edward A. Noyes, Treasurer; Merritt B. Coolidge, Clerk ; Stephen M. Watson, Librarian. PORTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Organized December, 1843; incorporated June 7, 1850. This society has been regarded with marked favor by the community generally, and under its auspices one of the most valuable cabinets in the country was collected, which was totally destroyed in the conflagration of the Exchange building, where it was deposited, in January, 1854. It persevered, and collected an extensive now museum of specimens, and, through the liberality of the State and citizens, purchased land and con.structed a fine edifice on Congress Street for their deposit and for lecture-rooms. This, too, was swept away by fire in the great conflagration of 1866. The city took part of the land for widening Con- gress Street, and the remainder was sold. The society now occupy rooms in the City Hall building, where they have already collected a valuable, though not large cabinet. In 1876 it purchased the spacious Day property on Elm Street, and at present is making earnest eflxjrts towards erecting a substantial and cotnmodious building thereon, with proper laboratories and lecture-rooms, and galleries for the accommodation of its collections. A finer location for such a building could not be found in the city. Contributions of natural and artificial curiosities are so- licited from sea-captains and others, who are in the way of obtaining them. Officers : Dr. William Wood, President ; Sylvester B. Beckett, Vice-President ; John M. Gould, Corresponding and Recording Secretary ; Edward Gould, Treasurer. These, with seven associate managers, constitute the board of government. The associate managers are Samuel E. Spring, T. C. Hersey, Lewis Pierce, W. S. Dana, Dr. Thomas Hill, William Senter, and Alexander W. Long- fellow. Charles B. Fuller, Cabinet- Keeper. MUSICAL SOCIETIES. HAYDN ASSOCIATION. Objects, individual improvement, and raising the standard of public taste in sacred music. The association meets at Union Hall every Monday evening. The number of mem- bers at the time of the annual meeting was 100. The as- sociation has a valuable collection of oratorio and other music. Officers for 1879: John B. Coyle, Jr., President; G. B. Buzelle, Vice-President; George C. Burgess, Secretary ; Edward Noyes, Treasurer; William P. Jordan, Librarian; Hermann Kotzschmar, Conductor; Miss Fanny E. Jordan, Pianist. THE ROSSINI CLUB, composed entirely of ladies, 35 in number, comprises most of the superior and highly-cultivated singers and pianists in the city. This association holds regular meet- ings at Rossini Hall (formerly Odd-Fellow.s' Hall), No. 88 Exchange Street, every Thursday, at eleven o'clock, A.M. Officers chosen in November, 1878: Mrs. Harriet Wetherbee, President; Miss Lizzie Dyer, Vice-President; Miss Lucy Blanchard, Secretary ; Mrs. E. M. Rand, Treasurer; Mrs. J. P. Thompson, Librarian. CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS. POllTLANl) PROVIDKNT ASSOCIATIO.V. Established in 1853. Objects, the prevention of want and the moral elevation of the poor. From the annual report, October, 1878, we glean the following facts: Totiil receipts auring the year $1700.93 E.\|ienaitures 1172.17 Ualance $i8S. 76 Balaucc on haud at close of previous year 44:i.«0 Available funds $1031.76 WESTON F. MILLIKEN is a ck'sceiidiint in the seventli'genenition from Hugli Milliken, wlio was born in Scotland, and came to this conntry, settling at Boston, alwiit 1 (550. Andrew and Arthur Alger, brotliers, settled in the town of Scar- bnrongh in 1651. They were killed by the Indians in 1675. John, son of Hngh ]\Iiiliken, married Elizabeth, granddaughter of Andrew Alger, in 1690; settled in Scarborough in 1719. He purchased the interest of the other heirs in the Alger estate, and held the prop- erty under an Indian title in court in 17."30. TJie children of John ^lillikin were John, Edward, Sam- uel, and Nathaniel. Henjamin, grandfather of Weston F. Milliken, born in 1764, removed from Scarborough, settling tirst in North Yarmouth, and afterwards in Buck- field, Me. His father, Josiah, married Elizabeth Freeman, resided in Buckfield, and reared a family of children, viz. : Mary F., Weston F., William Henry, Charles R., Seth M., George, and Addie. Weston F., son of Josiah Milliken, born in the town of Minot, Androscoggin Co., Sept. 28, 1829, sjient his minority at home, received his education in the common school and at Lewiston Academy, and for four terras was a teacher. At the age of twenty-one he became a clerk in Boston, and after two years began business for him- self as a general merchant in Minot, where he remained for four years. In 1856 he came to Portland, where he has since carried on business on Commercial Street as a wiiolesale grocer. He had associated with him for three years, 1856-59, Mr. Shaw (Milliken & Shaw), since which time his brother, Charles R. (W. F. & C. R. :Milliken), has been in business with him. George Milliken and Allen B. Moulton were admitted members of the firm in 186:^., but the firm-name remained unchanged. Mr. Milliken is interested in various local en- terprises. He was a director of the Cumberland National Bank for many years after its organization, and its president for some time prior to 1874. He has been a trustee of the Portland Savings Bank for upwards of fifteen years, and was elected one of the Building Loan Commissioners after the fire of 1866, which place he retains in 1879. He was one of the first solicitors of stock for the Portland, Bangor and Machias Steamboat Company, has been a director since the organization, and for several years \n\st its president. He is a stockholder in the Maine Steam- ship Company, and was one of the incorporators of the " Lloyds Maine Insurance Company." Mr. Mil- liken was elected on the Republican ticket a member of the State legislature for 1872-74, and for the last two years was chairman of the committee on banking, and a member of the finance committee. He married, June 20, 1854, Martha F., daughter of Jabez Haskell, of New Gloucester. His wife dietl Aug. 15, 1870, leaving an only daughter, Anna W. Milliken. CITY- OF PORTLAND. 197 This sum is exclusive of the invested fund of SOOOO. According to the agent's report, the amount spent for provisions in 1878 was $635 ; fuel, $230.33 ; boots and shoes, $G4.50 ; 1240 pieces of wearing apparel were dis- tributed. The following are the officers for 1879 : James P. Baxter, President ; Ezra Carter, James Bailey, Ebcn Corey, Vice-Presidents ; William Hammond, Treasurer ; C. C. Hayes, Secretary ; T. C. Hersey, J. R. Thompson, Samuel Rolfe, Oliver Gerrish, John Yeaton, W. W. Brown, Edward P. Chase, Henry Fox, Sylvester B. Beckett, James T. McCobb, Edward Gould, George W. Parker, Isaac F. Sturdivant, Richard Cole, Alfred Woodman, William A. Quincy, Alden J. Blethen, William Hammond, Lewis Pierce, W. S. Dana, Francis K. Swan, Alfred Haskell, George W. Baker, J. J. Gerrish, Advisers. Joseph R. Thompson, General Agent. Office, City Government build- ing, Myrtle Street, first door from Congress. This society is supported by donations and the annual contributions of its members ; the amount annually ex- pended averages about $2000. FEMALE PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION. The chief object of this association is to provide the destitute poor with clothing and shoes. In 1878 this asso- ciation distributed 12 yards dress goods, 3G5J yards print, 299^ yards cotton, 1161 yards flannel, 441 yards cotton flannel, 19 pairs boots, 4 pairs rubbers, 3 pairs shoes, 2 pairs of hose, 3 sheets. Permanent fund, $1000. The following arc the officers for 1879 : Mrs. E. A. Waterhouse, President; Mrs. M. J. Hutchinson, Vice- President; Mrs. C. W. Coe, Secretary; Miss H. Radford, Treasurer; Miss 0. Beckett, Depository; Mrs. M. P. Emery, Mrs. I. P. Farrington, Mrs. M. J. Hutchinson, Mrs. C. H. Hall, Miss C. M. Patten, and Miss H. Pearson, Advisers. PORTLAND FRATERNITY is composed mainly of people of liberal religious views. Its aim is to provide moral and intellectual amusements and in- struction to all seekers. It has a library, a reading-room, well supplied with the current periodicals and newspapers, a room where a free evening school is sustained, and an amusement room, well provided with interesting games for the recreation of all visitors. Headquarters at 4 Free Street Block. Officers for the year 1879 : T. C. Hersey, President ; S. J. Anderson, Vice-President; H. C. Baxter, Treasurer; W. W. Thomas, J. P. Baxter, M. M. Butler, F. H. Ger- rish, W. I. Thom, Mrs. C. S. Fobes, Mrs. B. Bradbury, Mrs. J. E. Fernald, Miss N. T. Horsey, Directors. PORTLAND TVPOGRAPUICAL UNION, whose object is sufficiently set forth in its name, has the following officers for 1879: Fred. 0. Turner, President; Geo. D. Loring and M. W. Higgins, Vice-Presidents ; Wm. A. Chase, Recording Secretary ; Stephen D. Brown, Finan- cial Secretary; Chas. W. Bean, Corresponding Secretary; Isaac Cobb, Treasurer ; Edward F. Dougher, Sergeant-at- Arms ; A. M. Kimball, Goo. H. Owen, and Daniel Hamblen, Executive Committee. MAINE CHARITABLE MECII A.VIC ASSOCIATION. Incorporated June 14, 1815. Headquarters at Mechan- ics' Hall, corner of Congress and Casco Streets. The design of this association is to encourage and promote the meclianic arts, to relieve members and the widows and orphans of deceased members when in need. It possc.s.ses a valuable library of more than 4000 volumes. Through its kindly offices it has done much to enhance the respectability and intelligence of the mechanics of this city. The association, in 1856, purchased an eligible lot of land on the corner of Congress and Casco Streets, and erected thereon, for its accommodation, a large building with a front of cut granite, whose architectural proportions and permanence make it one of the most noticeable edifices in the city. Value, about $90,000. George A. Harmon, President; Ambrose Giddings, Vice-President; R. B. Swift, Recording Secretary; Ste- phen Marsh, Corresponding Secretary; Dan Carpenter, Treasurer; Messrs. Spencer Rogers, Nathaniel Walker, Daniel Glazier, Daniel Hamblen, Charles W. Lucy, and Frank I. Brett, together with the president, vice president, and treasurer, consitute the board of government. This association is entirely free from debt. M.\INE MARINE ENGINEERS' -ASSOCIATION. Object, mutual protection and relief. The officers for the year 1879 are George H. Coylc, President ; Geoi'ge C Johnson, Vice-President ; George Gushing, Treasurer ; T. B. Merrill, Secretary ; H. W. Lindsey, Conductor ; W. K. Rhodes, Doorkeeper ; George Gushing, J. H. Merrltt, E. B. Clapper, Trustees. The in.stitutioii numbers about 50 members, and is in a flourishing condition. RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF THE PORTLAND FIRE DEPART- MENT. Organized March 7, 1848. The object of the association is the relief of members who receive injuries in their limbs or health while in the discharge of their duty as members of the Portland fire department. The association is governed by a board of trustees, elected from the several companies, which board elects its own officers. The following constituted the board March 1, 1879: Henry Fox,* President; Nahum Littlefield, Vice- President ; J. H. Russell, Secretary; J. C. Tewksbury,* Treasurer. These, with the following members, constitute the board of trustees, viz. : J. Ilsley, E. H. Sargent, R. H. Ball, A. F. Griffin, R. H. Murphy, B. L. Sawyer, R. S. Rand, Charles D. Skillins, A. J. Cummings, William Hen- nessey, G. H. Cloyes, Spencer Rogers,* D. W. Na.sh,* Samuel Thurston.* PORTLAND BENEVOLENT SOCIETV. Incorporated in 1803. Annual meeting, second Wed- nesday in October. Established principally to relieve persons who have seen better days, and the unfortunate stranger. At the annual meeting the following officers were chosen * Life mombcrs. 198 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. for the year 1879, viz.: William W. Thomas, President; John B. Brown, Vice-President; Thomas R. Hayes, Sec- retary; Edward Gould, Treasurer ; John T. Oilman, M.D., Samuel E. Spring, Rev. William H. Fenn, Rev. Thomas Hill, D.D., Jlark P. Emery, Francis K. Swan, James P. Baxter, Managers. ST. Andrew's society. Object, the assistance of Scotchmen and their descend- ants who may be in need. Funds raised by an initiation fee, and assessment of $2 the first year, and $1 per year thereafter. Officers for the year 1879: John Main, Presiident; Geo. S. Hays, Vice-President; William Taylor, Treasurer; Thos. Burge.ss, Secretary ; Alfred Rubert.son, Assistant; Dr. Wm. Walters, Physician ; Rev. James McWhinnie, Chaplain ; Kenneth McDonald, Andrew Taylor, Robert M. Gould, Charitable Committee. PORTLAND MARINE SOCIETY. Incorporated in 179G. This society was established for the relief and education of seamen and their families. Funds, market value, rising $2(j,000. Annual meeting, third Tuesday of December. The society is in a flourish- ing condition, and gives relief to widows of ship-masters resident in this vicinity, amounting to about $1000 per annum. Jacob McLellan, President; Richard Crockett, Vice- President; Albert Marwick, Secretary and Treasurer. HOME FOR AGED WOMEN. Established in 1855. This beautiful " Home" is calcu- lated to accommodate twenty-five or thirty persons. It is situated on a spacious lot on the southwesterly side of Emery, near Danforth Street, being part of the old Gov- ernor Parris domain. Here among the shade-trees the beneficiaries may pass their declining years in peace, sur- rouuded with every comfort that heart can reasonably de- sire. The largc-heartedness that established this institution, and from year to year takes upon itself the responsibility of providing for its support, cannot be too highly commended. A heavy debt still draws largely upon the resources of the association, and we suggest that an institution such as this ought not to be thus burdened, and that well-to-do persons, making their wills, should bear it in mind, if no immediate steps are taken for its relief The officers for 1879 are Mrs. J. T. Oilman, President; Mrs. S. E. Spring, Mrs. Neal Dow, Vice-Presidents; Miss Lucinda Bancroft, Secretary ; Miss Julia Greeley, Treasurer. widows' wood society. Established in 1830. The object of this society is to furnish fuel, during the winter season, to destitute widows. It is liberally supported by annual contributions froiu the several religious societies in the city. The whole amount of these contributions for the last thirty-four years has been about $G9,000. At the annual meeting, second Wednesday in November, 1878, the following officers were chosen : Thomas Cobb, President ; James II. Eaton, Vice - President ; Samuel Rolfe, Treasurer; H. C. Barnes, Auditor; M. P. Emery, First Parish; S. W. Larrabee, Second Parish; II. C. Barnes, Chestnut Street ; D. B. Ricker, First Baptist ; S. H. Cojesworthy, India Street; Ezra Drew, Congress Street; J. M. Lunt, St. Lawrence Street; J. W. York, St. Paul's; Patrick McGowan, Cathedral of Immaculate Conception ; Thomas Cobb, Casco Street ; L. B. Smith, Free Street ; George II. Cook, High Street ; Frank H. Colby, Plymouth ; John Barbour, Congress Square ; James II. Baker, Park Street; T. R. Hayes, State Street; J. II. Eaton, St. Ste- phen's; George E. B. Jack.son, St. Luke's Cathedral ; Geo. K. Cushman, Pine Street; , St. Dominic's; Joshua Hobbs, Williston ; G. B. Buzelle, West End ; John . Lidback, First Lutheran ; Braxton Parr, Abyssinian (col- ored) ; John Jones, Mountfort Street; Stephen K. Dyer, Advent; Rev. F. Southworth, Bethel Church; Rev. W. T. Phelan, Preble Chapel ; L. F. Pingrce, New Jeru.salcm, Directors. MARTHA WASHINGTON SOCIETY. Organized in 1840. During the year 1878 the society distributed to worthy and needy poor 088} yards of cotton cloth, 51 yards of cotton flannel, 73J yards of wool flannel, 830 yards of prints, 126 yards of woolen dress goods, 26 yards of cambric, 15 yards of silesia, 25 yards of alpaca, 72 pairs of boots and shoes, 8 pairs of rubbers, 19 pairs of hose, 54 ready made new garments, 1574 second-hand gar- ments, 32 hats, 5 quilts, 4 comforters, 1 blanket, and $35.50 in money. Officers for 1879 : Jlrs. Benjamin Kingsbury, President ; Mrs. H. A. Humphrey, Vice-President; Mrs. O. W. Beale, Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Moses Dodge, Treasurer ; 51 rs. Brackett, Hall, Additon, Green, Poor, Fuller, Blake, Beale, Cary, Rumery, Fessenden, Scamman, Hopkins, Young, and Pierce, and Miss Trickcy, Visiting Committee. SAMARITAN ASSOCIATION. Founded in 1828. It has continued to dispense its bounties without intermission since to the poor of all de- nominations in the bestowal of clothing, food, and money, and in a quiet way has been of great service to the com- munity. By the secretary's report we find that during the year there have been distributed 496 yards of print, 390 yards of cotton cloth, 57 yards of flannel, 150 yards of dress goods, 131 yards of lining, 94 pairs of boots, shoes, and rubbers, 1025 new and second-hand garments, 10 hats, 2 shawls, 14 sheets, 22 pillow-slips, 8 comforters, 6 blankets, 7 quilts, 3 mattresses, 20 chairs, and 2 bedsteads. The following officers were elected for the year 1879: Mrs. Henry Taylor, President; Mrs. C. Ilolden, Vice- President ; Mrs. W. W. Virgin, Secretary ; Mrs. C. M. Plummcr, Trea.surer. lUISH-AMEllICAN RELIEF ASSOCIATION. Organized under the incorporation act in 1803. This is a mutual-benefit institution, the members paying an initiation fee of $5, and a monthly assessment of 25 cents each, and receiving a benefit of $3 per week during sickness ; while at death their wives, or next of kin, are entitled to a fu- neral benefit of $50. l'li..t.i. hy CuriiUit, ruilliiii.l George Burnham, Jr., eldest sou of George and Margaret (Burr) Burnham, was born in Port- land, Jan. 31, 1831. His boyhood was spent at home, wiiere he attended the city schools until the age of fourteen, when he went to work for George F. Lewis, who was the pioneer in Portland in pack- ing hermetical sealed goods; here he remained six years, and became well acquainted with the busi- ness tliat he has subsequently so fully devclnped, and made for himself a profitable operation. In 1851 he engaged for one year with Samuel Rumery, and in March, 1852, formed a copaituer- ship with that gentleman (Rumery & Burnham), and continued in the packing business until January, 1867, wiien the partnership was dissolved, and he associated with him in the same business Mr. Mor- rill (Burnham & Morrill), which firm continues in 187!). Mr. Burnham has been continnonslv engaged in this business since 1845, which although commenced in a small way, and consequently a light demand, now reaches to all parts of the liabitablc globe and is no unimportant interest in the business and trade of Portland. Vegetables and meats of all kinds in tills way are ship[)ed to foreign markets in a state of perfect preservation. Corn nicely canned be- comes a favorite dish for the foreigner, and lobsters common to our coast, are rare, yet very palatable to otiicr nations. He first began business on Burn- iiam's wharf, and in 1862 erected the commodious brick building on New Franklin Street, where he has since been in business. Mr. Burnham is a memlicr of the Republican partv; but strictly devoted to his business, he has never sought any public notoriety, lie married, in 1854, Annie W. Simonton; she died in 1865. In June, 18G8, he married Abbie 11., a sister of his lirst wile. CITY OF PORTLAND. The following constitute the Board of Officers for the year 1879: James Connelian, President; Fnrnlc W. Cun- ningliaui, Vice-President; Tiiomas J. Welch, Kecordin- Secretary; T. H. Gately. Corresponding Secietary ; Jan.es O'Neil, Book-Keeper; James Tobin, Assistant Book- Keeper; James Qiiinn, Treasurer; Wm. II. Somers, Jolm Davis, John Ileardon, J. O'Biien, T. MeGowan,' T. F. Lynch, Dennis McCarthy, Trustees; P. E. Deehan^ John J. Lappin, T. F. Donahue, B. Wren, Henry Welcii,' Investigating Committee; T. P. McGowan, Librarian; P.' B. Huglies, Assistant Librarian. THE PORTLAND SEAJIEN's FRIEND SOCIETY was formed in 18G5, in the interest of seamen at this port. Incorporated in 187G. Capt. Wasliington Ryan, President; Rev. Francis South- worth, Secretary; John M. Gould, Treasurer. The Bethel Church is under the direction of this society. During the last seven years it has prepared and placed on shipboard 254 libraries, containing over 5000 volumes. These libraries have gone aboard vessels hailing from ports all along shore from Nova Scotia to Wilmington, Del., though chiefly from our own marine ports. Some 1500 packages of papers, magazines, etc., have been placed on shipboard during the year. The Seamen's reading-room is still kept open at the Bethel. FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM. The asylum is a three-story building. State Street, corner of Danforth, under the supervision of a Board of Mana- gers, consisting of 15 ladies, beside the officers. In their semi-centennial report last October, the manairers say,— " We rejoice to-day in the semi-centennial birthday of our Orph.an Asylum for girls. With friends and means inercasing, with no marks of decay, but stronger and healthier than ever, we ofler up our hearty thanksgivings to Ilim who has so blessed us. Not only to the father- less, but even to more forlorn children of misery has it proved a home. It has brought them into a wholesome atmosphere, and given to each poor child an outlook into a life of decency and respootablTity." During the year ending in October, 1878, G girls wore received into the asylum, and 10 sent out. The present number of beneficiaries is 3-1. The Board of Managers for the year 1879 is as follows: Mrs. Sarah S. S. McCobb, President; Mrs. Sophia L. Mathews, Vice-President; MLss Abby S. Barrett, Secre- tary; Miss Mary E. Barrett, Treasurer; Mrs. Elizabeth K. Cross, Miss Abby S. Barrett, Mrs. Hannah V. Donnell, committee on receiving and placing out children ; Mrs. Ann M. Brown, Mrs. Elizabeth K. Cross, Mrs. S. B. Far- mer, Mrs. Julia St. F. Thorn, Sirs. Maria A. Jose, Mrs. H. V. Donnell, Miss Mary J. E. Ciapp, Mrs. Elizabeth W. G. Thomas, Mrs. Sarah W. Burgin, Mrs. Alba S. Burr, Mrs. Ellen W. Dana, Mrs. Hetty P. Baxter, Sirs. Maria J. Nash, Miss Abby A. Steele, Mrs. Miranda S. Plummer. GRAND ARMY OP THE REPUBLIC. The Grand Army of the Republic is composed of the honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the United States army and navy. They number more than 4000 posts 22 of winch are in the State of Maine. The objects of the a.ssoc,afon are to preserve and strengthen those Ira ernal feehngs which bound together the soldiers, .sailo.^ and maruicswho united to suppress the great Rebellion- to protect and assist such as have been disabled either by wounds, old age, sickness, or nnsfortune; to assist the widows of those who fell in battle, and to support, care tor, and educate their children. B,moor,h Post, No. 2, whose headquarters are at Me- chanics' Hall, in this city, meets Friday evenings. Officers for the year 1879: Whitn.an Sawyer, Post Commander- Jolin G.Fitzgerald, Senior Vice-Commander; Charles H Mitchell, Junior Vice-Commander; A. H. Purin-ton Quar- termaster; C. C. Chase, Officer of the Day; H.S° Thrasher Officer of the Guard; A. A. Nickcrson, Chaplain; Isaac ^^. Starbird. Surgeon; John Yeaton, Jr., Trustee for one year; John B. Pike, Trustee for two years; A. A. Nick- crson, Trustee for three years. BOSWORTH RELIEF CORPS. Organized June, 18G9. Composed of the mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters of soldiers. Their object is to protect and assist the widows and children of those who fell defending the Union, and assist Bosworth Post in tlieir work of charily. Meets at G. A. R. Hall every Friday afternoon. Mrs. A. M. Sawyer, President; Mrs. J. B. Allen, Secretary. PORTLAND SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIiMALS. The name of this corporation, and its zeal, sufficiently indicate its objects. It was organized in May, 1872, and has accomplished much towards remedying evils that had too long been allowed to pass without the interposition of the humane. The report of the efficient agent, Mr. A. M. Sawyer, for the year ending April 5, 1878, shows that the number of complaints made were 221 ; number of cases investigated, not on complaint, 151. Total, 372. The cases are classed as follows : horses overdriven, 5 ; overloaded, 75 ; starvin" or neglected, 35 ; glandered, 1 ; left exposed on the street" 10; working old, lame, and disabled, 50. Cattle starving, 2 ; cruelly exposed, 1 3 ; cruelly beaten or abused, 1. Dogs fighting, 1. Fowls cruelly cooped, 5 ; fighting, 1 ; cruelly tying, carrying, or abused, 6. Calves, cruelly tying, carry- ing, or abused, 4. The following summary exhibits the agent's action on the above complaints and others: Offenders not found, 15; ex- aggerated or malicious complaints, 62; warnings issued, 119; corrected on notice, 140; horses mercifully killed, 31 ; glandered horses killed, 1 ; pro.secuted, 2 ; convic- tions, 2. The agent says, — "The number of complaints has diminished very much the past yenr. To mc this is an evidence that the public arc being educated to the importance and value of exercising care in the treatment of animals under their charge. The knowledge that the society is en- gaged in its daily rounds of duty, watching tlie various places where cruelly is most likely to be practiced, has manifestly had its effect." Officers for the year 1879 : Nathan Cleaves, President ; Miss 0. Carroll, Secretary and Treasurer; Artliur M. Saw- 200 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. yer, No. -4(1 Free Street, Asrent, to wIkhu all cases of eruolty should be reported. AGKD nROT[IF.ItnOOD. Incorporated in 18G9. Tliis assoeiation lias accumulated a fund of about $2000. Persons must be of tlie age of sixty-five or upwards to become members, and each is sub- ject to an assessment of $1 per year. The principal of its fund must remain intact ; the income therefrom only to be distributed among those unfortunate members who may become, from accident, disease or losses, objects of assistance, in furnishing them (so far as the means of the brotherhood will permit) all the accustomed comforts of their better days, to be by them enjoyed in their family circle. lu cases where a brother is left alone, the board of managers may provide lodging or board, or both, for him, in the family of some connection or friend selected by such individual. On the decease of an unfortunate brother, leaving a widow, or a widow and child, or children, the board of man- agers may allow such widow, or widow and child, or chil- dren, such a monthly sum as tliey may judge proper and necessary. Its membership numbers over 200. Officers elected Aug. 31, 1878: John Mussey, President ; Edward Waite, Ward 1 ; Samuel H. Colesworthy, Ward 2 ; Robert Dresser, Ward 3 ; John B. Hudson, Ward i ; Thos. Cobb, Ward 5 ; E. C. Andrews, Ward 6 ; Jefferson Coolidge, Ward 7, Vice- Presidents ; Edward Gould, Treasurer ; Harris C. Barnes, Secretary ; Joseph R. Thompson, William D. Little, Audi- tors. The above officers compose the board of managers. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. Organized 1853. Incorporated 1860. Object, spiritual, mental, and moral improvement of its members, and all others over whom it may exert an influence by means of religious meetings, Sunday-schools, social gatherings, reading-room, lectures, library, and the press. Free reading-room and library, also hall and lecture-room, 484] Congress Street. Officers for 1878-79 : Thos. L. Hierlihy, President; W. II. Hobbs, Recording Secretary. Regular monthly meeting, second Monday in each month. FEMALE CHARITABLE SOCIETY. Formed iu 1812. Incorporated in 1825. The object of the society is to supply the poor, especially the aged and children, with comfortable and decent clothing. Meeting of managers once in two weeks in the winter. Miss A. L. Lord, Secretary and Treasurer. PORTLAND ARMY AND NAVY UNION. Organized in 1866. Headquarters corner Congress and Brown Streets, called Army and Navy Union Hall. The soldiers and sailors, resident of Portland and vicinity, actu- ated by a desire to make perpetual the fraternal associations of the late war for the Union, and to provide for those of their number who may at any time need a.ssistance and sup- port, form this Union. A valuable military library and reading-room is connected with their headiiuarters. The uniform of the association consists of dark coats and pants, chapeau with white and blue plumes, dre.ss-sword, and buckskin gauntlet gloves. Officers for 1879 : Geo. E. Brown, President ; Wm. E. Simmons, R. B. Swift, Win. 0. Fox, Vice-Presidents; Geo. P. Sherwood, Secretary ; Thomas J. Little, Treasurer. ODD-FELLOWS. This order has largely increased in numbers and become very prosperous in the last few years. Three new bodies, viz. : the Fubnoiith Encampment, Unit!/ Lodge, No. 3, and Harmony Lodge, No. 19, have been instituted since Jan. 1, 1877. The reports of the subordinate lodges of Portland, made up to the first part of January, 1879, showed the following condition of the order : At the present time there are eleven organizations of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows in the city, all of which have their headquarters at Odd-Fellows' Hall, No. 439 Congress Street, viz. : Maine Lodge, No. 1 ; Unity Lodge, No. 3 ; Ancient Brothers Lodge, No. 4 ; Ligonia Lodge, No. 5 ; Harmony Lodge, No. 19 ; Beacon Lodge, No. ()7 ; Ivy Lodge, Daughters of Rehekah, No. 5; Mnchigonne Encampment, No. 1 ; Eastern Star Encampment. No. 2 ; Falmouth Encampment, No. 11 ; Portland Encampment, No. 19. Harmony Lodge, No. 19, was instituted Jlarch 15, 1879, with a membership of 109, — 106 of whom were from An- cient Brothers Lodge. For the nucleus of a fund they assessed themselves $10 each. In January, 1879, Maine Lodge reported 504 members, and an invested fund, par value, of §19,065.42. Meets every Monday evening. Ancient Brothers Lodge, 780 members ; reduced subse- quently by cards of clearance to those who joined Harmony Lodge, No. 19, to 674, and fund, par value, of §18,751.70. Meets every Thursday evening. Ligonia Lodge, obi members, and fund, market value, of $25,066.88. Meets every Friday evening. Beacon Lodge, 274 members, and fund $11,671.78. Meets every Tuesday evening. Unity Lodge, No. 3, number of members 253 ; invested fund of $10,539.45. Meets every Wednesday evening. Ivy Lodge. Meets second and fourth Saturday evenings in each month. The total receipts of the five lodges for the year ending with December, 1878, were $16,02(1.29. The whole amount paid out for benefits to sick brothers, etc., by the four lodges for the year ending Dec. 31, 1878, was $16,701.02. The returns up to Dec. 31, 1878, give Machigonne En- campment, 498 members ; invested fund, $8949.82. Eastern Star, 488 members; invested fund, $11,524.86. Portland, 196 members; invested fund, $3515.18. Falmonth, 121 members; invested fund, $1841.20. The four encampments paid out for relief during the year 1878, $6420. The order in this city have recently fitted up an elegant hall in the Farringtou Block, Congress Street, at an expense of about $2(1,000, where all their meetings are held. Photo, by Lantson, Portland. Georoe S. Hunt, only son of Fiedoiick E. and Eliza R. (Smith) Hunt, was born in Derry, N. H., Feb. 8, 1829. His father was a native of Northfield, Mass., spent most of his life as a merchant in New Hampshire and Massachu- setts, and died in 1840, aged thirty-eight. His mother was a daughter of Capt. Nathaniel Smith, of Gloucester, Mass., who was an East India shipmaster. She died in 1840, aged thirty-eight. Their children are Ann E. (deceased), George S., Abigail Smith (deceased), and Susan E., wife of Albert H. Breed, of Lynn, Mass. One year prior to his father and mother's death George S. came to Portland to spend the winter with a relative, William Allen, and on account of the loss of his parents, and consequently his home, he remained an adopted and accepted member of the Allen family for twenty-one years. Until the age of eighteen he attended the grammar and high schools of Portland, at which time, unaided pecuniarily, he started out for himself. For five years he was a clerk in a jobbing fruit store. In 1853 he became a clerk for P. F. Varnum, a jobber of flour and grain ; here he re- mained for four years. In 1857 he spent two months on the Island of Cuba, during which time he formed a large business acquaintance, and while there entered into arrange- ments with several Cuban merchants to export various American products. In May he returned with a large importation of cigars, and thereby made his trip a profitable one and of future interest. He at once opened an office on Commercial Street (which he still retains) and com- menced a trade with Cuba, exporting lumber and general merchandise, and receiving sugar and molasses. In that year a heavy financial crisis came upon business men in this country ; yet so well were his plans laid, and such was his judicious management, that his first year's extensive business was carried through safely, but with little profit. A second and third visit to Cuba, in 1859-00, gave him increased opportunities for an extensive business which he still continues, and ranks him among the most enterprising, active, and successful business men of Portland. In 1859 he first interested himself in shipping, and has now interests in a large number of vessels that belong to the district of Portland. In 1874 he associated with him in business Joseph P. Thompson and Frederick E. Allen, formerly clerks, and has since done business under the firm-name of George S. Hunt & Co. Mr. Hunt is connected with and interested in many local enterprises, and has ever been prompt to lender his aid and counsel in their management. He has been a director of the Merchants' National Bank for four- teen years, and succeeded the late Rufus E. Wood as its vice-president, and also succeeded the same gentleman as president of the Central Wharf Corporation. He has been the commercial agent of the Eagle Sugar Refinery of Port- land since 1871, and was one of the original stockholders of the Forest City Sugar Refinery, succeeding T. C. Hersey, in 1875, as treasurer and business manager. He is also one of the pioneers in the beet-sugar enterprise, being the president of the company. Mr. Hunt has devoted his life wholly to business, and, although interested in appro- priate local and State legislation, has never sought any political preferment. Sept. 22, 18t)3, he married Augusta, youngest daughter of the late George S. Barstow, a well-known and prom- inent resident of Portland for many years. Their children are Arthur Kinsman and Philip Barstow. CITY OF PORTLAND. 201 ODD-FELLOWS MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION. This association, formed Feb. 24, 1868, is composed of members of tlie order ; it is, to all purposes, a life insur- ance company. Each person, on joining, pays $2 to $4, according to his age, towards a general fund. Upon the death of a member, the sum of $1500 is paid to his wife or family, and the members are assessed $1 each (in addi- tion to ten cents each for expenses). Amount paid to families of deceased members since its organization, $98,G61. Number of members at its recent annual meeting, 1506. ODD-FELLOWs' MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. This institution is governed by the same general prin- ciples as the preceding, the which it was intended to relieve from too large a membership, as well as to give such mem- bers of the order as desired an opportunity of doubling their insurance. It was incorporated and organized Feb. 22, 1875, when upwards of 60 persons were enrolled on its mem- bership list. The number of members at present is 235. Besides the two associations belonging to Portland, al- luded to, there is a State institution, called the Odd-Fellows' Mutual Relief Association of Maine, whose general policy is the same as the local ones. It numbers over 2600 mem- bers. MASONIC INSTITUTIONS. ANCIENT CRAFT MASONRY. Place of meeting, hall No. 85 Exchange Street. The several bodies of this order which hold their meetings in the city are, — Ancient Landmark Lodge, which meets first Wednesday in each month. Portland Lodge, meets second Wednesday in each month. Atlantic Lodge, meets third Wednesday in each month. Greenleaf R. A. Chapter, meets first Monday in each month. Mount Vernon R. A. Chapter, meets third Monday in each month. Jliram Lodge, No. 180, meets in Cape Elizabeth Masonic Hall, Town-House, on or next before every full moon. Council of Royal and Select Masters, meets second Monday in each month. Portland Commandery, meets fourth Monday in each month. St. Allan Commandery, meets second Thursday of each month. Blanquefort Commandery, meets third Thursday in each month. Grand Lodge, meets first Tuesday in May. Grand Chapter, meets first Tuesday evening in May. Grand Council, meets Wednesday succeeding first Tues- day in May, at two o'clock p.m. Grand Commandery, meets Wednesday evening suc- ceeding first Tuesday in May. ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. Yates Grand Lodge of Perfection, meets first Friday in each month. Portland Council, P. of J., meets second Friday in each month. 26 Dunlap Chapter, Rose Croix de II., meets third Friday in each month. Maine Consistory, S. P. R. S., meets fourth Friday in March, June, September, and December. Warren Phillips, Superintendent of Ma.sonic Hall, at hall two to three p.m. daily. Ira Berry, Grand Secretary Grand Lodge, Grand Chapter, Grand Commandery, and Grand Council, office. No. 13 Fluent Block, up-stairs. Connected with the order is a relief association, similar in its organization and objects to those of the Odd-Fellows, the chief difference being that its funds are raised by an- nual assessments in addition to the death assessment of 81.10. At the annual meeting it numbered 648 members. KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS. This is a beneficiary organization (in some respects simi- lar to that of the Odd-Fellows) which originated at Wash- ington in 1864. There are three lodges in the city, meeting at Pythian Castle, 457 J Congress Street (8 Clapp's Block), viz.: Bramhall Lodge, No. 3, every Thursday evening. Munjoy Lodge, No. 6, every Monday evening. Pine- Tree Lodge, No. 11, every Friday evening. Connected with the organization, a relief association, somewhat similar to those of the Odd-Fellows and Masons, is named Maine Pythian Relief Association, and includes the whole State in its workings. PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OP AMERICA. There are three bodies of this order, called Washington Camps, numbered from one to three inclusive, which meet in the city and vicinity. No. 1, at hall of the institu- tion, Plum Street, over Eastern Express, on Tuesday even- ings ; No. 2, at school-house. Turner Island, Cape Eliza- beth, Friday evenings ; No. 3, at hall, Plum Street, on Monday evenings. Members are entitled to weeklj' benefits during sickness or inability to attend to business. Connected with the order is a mutual relief society, based on similar principles to those of the Odd-Fellows. citizens' MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION. At the meeting in January, 1879, the total membership was 694. Eight members died during the year, on whose account the aggregate sum of $5789 was paid out. The fund on hand was $2624.05. The officers for the year 1879 are Charles Morse, M.D., President ; Benjamin Kingsbury, Vice-President ; M. N. Rich, Secretary ; Dan Carpenter, Treasurer ; C. W. Belk- nap, Edmund Dana, Jr., George A. Harmon, Joshua Morse, and N. B. Noble, Directors. SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY. The object of this organization is by combination to procure the necessaries of life at wholesale prices, as well as to educate the masses to a higher knowledge of political economy. TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. SONS OP TEMPERANCE. Portland Division, No. 95, meets every Friday eveniDg, at 565 i Congress Street. 202 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Forest City Temple of ITonnr, No. 1 , meets every Wednesday evening at hall, 100 Exchanirc Street. Maine Council, No. 2, moots at hall, 100 Exchange Street, third Monday of each month. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMTLAR-S. Arcana Lodi/e, No. 1, meets Monday evenings, at Con- gress Hall, No. 418 Congress Street. Mi/.s/ic, No. 2, meets Thursday evenings, at Temperance Hall, 505 Congress Street. Mis.iion, No. 41, meets Wcdncj^day evenings, at Preble Chapel. Catholic Tempcraiice Society meets at Kavanagh Scliool Hail, first Monday in every month, llev. D. JI. Bradley, Director. PortliDiil Temperance Union, II. II. Blurphy, I'rosidcnt, meets at Congress Hall, 418 Congress Street. The Reform Clnb has daily meetings at room, corner Congress and Temple Streets ; rooms open from six o'clock A.M. to ten P.M. Business meeting every Tuesday even- ing. Calliolic Temperance Cadets meets at Kavanagh School Hall, every Monday evening. Women's Temperance Society meets at Young IVIen's Christian Association Rooms, second Saturday afternoon of each month. RAILltOADS. The lines of railroad connected with the business and travel of this city are as follows : GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. This road connects Portland with the principal cities and towns of Canada, and with Detroit, Mich., and the vast grain-growing regions of the West. The road was opened to Montreal July 18, 1853, and to Quebec, Nov. 22, 1854. The portion from Portland to Island Pond is permanently leased to the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, and is now known as the Portland District of the Grand Trunk Railway. The whole road is built at an elevation sufficient to prevent obstruction from snow and ice, and the road-bed is made with a view to a double track. ST.tTIO.VS — MILES FROM rOUTI.AND. Falmouth i\ Cumbcrliind »l Yariiu.iilh Hi Yarnioutli Jun.^tiun 124 North Yurinouth loj Pnivnal ISi Now lilouccster 22| Danville .Junction 27 Hotel Koad 28J Enii.iie Uoad 32 Mechanic Falls 36i Oxford 40i South Paris West Paris Bryant's Pond Loelie's Mills Bethel West Bethel Gilcnd Shellnirne, N. H Gorham, N. H Island Pond, Vt 1 Montreal, Canada 2 70J nO.STON AND MAINE llAILUOAD. During the years 1872-73 this road was extended from its former junction with the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad, at South Berwick, to Portland, and the cars com- menced running over the entire road on the 17th of March, 1873. STATIONS — MILKS liigonia 1 Soarbnrough OV Blue Point !i{ Old Orehnrd Hi Hi.CO I/,J Biddelord Ifii Kenneliunk 2.iJ Wells -.w'k North Berwick S7S .Salmon Falls 44 Kolliiisford 4o South Berwick Junction.... 4fii Great Falls 47* Dover 4S Madbury 5U Durhiini Mi Bcnnitt Koad ;>bh Newmarket 58 ."^ouih New in ark* t June; ion. ."i^lj South Newmarket fidj FROM I'ORTLANI). Ea.H Kingston fi9j Newton Junction 744 Plaistow 78 Atkinson 783 Haverhill S21 Bradford 82i North Andovcr 874 South Lawrence 894 North Lawrence 9('J Andover 924 Ballardvale 9.i Wilmington Junction 97* Reading lO.^I Wakefield 10.54 Wakelield Junction 106 Melrose 108* Maiden 110} Mcdford Junction 112 Medford 113} Somerville II?,? Boston 11J4 MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD. I'ORTLAND, WATERVILLE AND BANGOR LINE. (Formerly Androscoggin and Kennebec, and Penobscot and Kennebec, and Portland and Kennebec Railroads.) George E. B. Jackson, President; Payson Tucker, Super- intendent and General Agent at Portland. STATIONS MILES FROM PORTLAND. Tu Ila,Hj,n-v!a SniuHltlch- toid Attijiifita. Woodford's Corner 3 Westbrook 4 Falmouth 8 Cumberland 11 Yarmouth 15 Freejiort 25 Oak Hill 25 Brunswick 29 Topsham 30 Bowdoinh.aiu 37 Harward's Road 41 Bichniond 45 Camp Grountl 4S South Gardiner 52 Gardiner 56 H.allowell 60 Augusta 62 Riverside 70 Vassalborough 74 Winslow 80 Wiitervillo 81 Benton 84 Clinton 90 Burnham 95 Pittsfield 102 Detroit 106 Newport 109 East Newport 112 Etna 118 Carmel 122 Hermon Pond 126 Ilermon Centre 130 Bangor 136 To liutigar till IhiurHlc Jiuicllon and LewiHtuH. Woodford's Corner 3 Westbrook 4 Falmouth Centre S Cumberland 11 Walnut Hill 14 Gray 20 New Gloucester 24 Danville Junction 29 Auburn 35 Lenislon 3C Gr 43 Leeil's Junction 4B Monmouth 50 Winthrop 55 Rcadtield 01 Belgrade C'.l North Belgrade 74 West Walervillc 78 AVatcrville 84 Benton 87 Clinton 93 Burnham 98 Pittsfield 105 Detroit 109 Newport 112 East Newport 115 Etna 121 Carmel 123 Hermon Pond 129 Hermon Centre 133 Bangor 139 WnteriHlc li, S/coirhti/ini. Watervillc SI Fairfield 84 Somerset Mills 87 Pishon's Ferry 92 Skowhegan 100 Bimihnm to Bd/ii»l. Burnham 94 Unity 102 Thornaike 106 Brooks 116 City Point iL'fi Belfast 128 Iliilh, Lein-ili.,,, „„d Fiirmhiijli.u, from J'nrllinid. Bath 3S Lisbon Falls 37 Lisbon 40 Crowley's 43 Ijcwiston 48 Sabattisvillo 48 Leed's Junction 55 Curtis Corner 59 Leed's Centre 62 North Leeds 115 Strickland's Ferry 67 East Livermore 70 Livermore Falls 75 Jay Bridge 77 North Jay 81 Wilton 85 East Wilton 87 West Farmington -'I Farmington 92 ;^ Photo, by Lamaon, Portland. A^ JC^^^<-^ His grandfather, Martin Jose, was of Scottish de- scent, and one of tiie early settlers of Scarborough. He reared a family of four sons and two daughters, was a farmer by occupation, and died in that town at an advanced age. His father, Alexander, was born in the town of Scarborough. He married. May 14, 1807, Sally, daughter of Thomas Emery, of Buxton, York Co., where he lived the greater part of his business life. He was a man of a quiet turn of mind, of indus- trious and correct habits; never sought publicity in any way, but was an agriculturist. He removed to Guildhall, Vt., in 1845, where he died at tlie age of eighty-eight. His wife died in- Buxton, March 11, 1833. Their children were three sons and four daughters, of whom Horatio N. Jose was fiftli child, born in the town of Buxton, Marcli 18, 1819. His boyhood was spent at home with the ordinary advantages for obtainingan education. Without pecun- iary assistance and unaided, at the age of fourteen, he came to Portland, where until he reached his majority he was a clerk in a dry goods and carpet house. On March 21, 1840, he entered into j)artnership with Joseph Poor, under the firm-name of " Poor & Jose." This firm carried on the dry goods and car- pet business for twenty years, and by their persever- ance and judicious management took rank among the first merchants in the city of Portland. Upon the dissolution of the partnership, in 1860, Mr. Jose disposed of his interest in the business and turned his attention to real-estate operations, railroading, and manufacturing. The same year, in conjunction with the late Judge Shepley, he built the Preble House, now sbinding on the corner of Congress and Preble Streets, and subsequently he built the "Print- ers' Exchange," Centennial Block, and Jose Block, which are among the most substantial buildings in the city. Soon after retiring from the mercantile business he became a director in the Portland and Kennebec, and Maine Central Railways, and held these interests for some eight years. He was one of the organizers of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad in 1870, was for some time treasurer, and is still a director of the road. He was one of the founders of the Maine General Hospital, and has since remained one of its directors. For many j'ears he has been a director of the Cum- berland National Bank, and in 1877 was elected its president. He was treasurer of the Portland Kero- sene Oil Company for fifteen years, and has been its president since May, 1879 ; a director of the Att- wood Lead Company since its organization, and is now its president; a director in tiie Portland Dry- Dock Company; a director in the Portland Water Company; and is manager and treasurer of the Bart- lett Land and Lumber Company, organizetl in 1873. For over forty years jNIr. Jose has been one of the most active business men of Portland. He has been interested in the prosperity of tiie city and in the welfare of its citizens, and a supporter of all enter- prises tending to benefit society. He has never been solicitous of political or sectional preferment, and has never accepted any office except as one of the Building Loan Commissioners of the city, which place lie has honored for many years. He married, Aug. 30, 1843, Nancy B., daughter of Thoma.s Hooper, of Ciiarlestown, Mass. Their children living arc two daughters, — Helen N. and Jessie H. CITr OF PORTLAND. PORTLAND AND OGDENSBURQ RAILROAD. This line of railroad extends from Portland, by the way of Sebago Lake and the valley of tiie Saco River, through the notch of tlie White Mountains, thence via St. Johns- bury, Vt , through the Lamoille and Missisquoi Valleys, to the foot of Lake Champlain. The object is to obtain a shorter route than any now existing to Ogdensburg, and thence to the great West. Samuel J. Anderson, President. Jonas Hamilton, Superintendent. STATIOSS — -MILES FROM Stroudvvater 2i AVeslbrook 5 Mallisun Falls 10 South Windham 11 Gil 12 White Rock. LSV SeliagoLiike HIJ Riehviile 2()i Steep Fiills 2-H East Baldwin 26^ Baldwin 29 Ossipee 3IJ West Baldwin 3.il Hiram Bridge 37 Brownfield 43 Fryeburg 41* North Conway 60 Intervale 03 Glen Station Ofi Vpper Bartlett 72 Beniis 7S Crawford's S7 Fabyan's HI Twin Mountain, 15. C flo Bethlehem and iM. Viv I 111 Wing Road lOi Whitefield 10!) Scotfs Mill.s 112 Lunenburg, Vl. l>iv 114 East Concord 118 Miles' Pond 121 North Concord 124 West Concord 12S Eiist St. Johnsbury 132 St. Johnsbury Kit) ille, WcstDunvi AValden .... Greensboroi East llard\ Ilardwick ., lis lol Wolcott 17 Hyde Park 18U Johnson l'J3 EASTERN RAILROAD. STATIONS — Mll.nS FItOM POUTL.' Capo Elizabeth 2 Scarborough 5 West Scarborough 6 Saco 13V Biddeford 15 Kennebuuk 23 Wells 28 North Berwick 34 South Berivick Junction 38 Conway Junction 41 Eliot 45 Kittery 50 V Portsmouth 52 Greenland 57 North Hampton 59 Hampton 62 Hampton Falls 65 Seabrook Salisbury Ncwburyport . Rowley Ip-^»i''l' Weiib.im North Beverly Salem Swampscott., Lynn West Lynn... Revere Chelsea Everelt Sonierville... Boston PORTLAND AND ROCHESTER RAILROAD. This road connects Portland with Rochester, N. H. Thence by the way of Nashua it connects by lines of rail- way with Worcester, Mass., and thence with New York, — thus saving many miles of travel between Portland and the great metropolis. At Rochester the road connects with the Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad, running to Alton Bay, and in summer the trains are so arranged, on several days of each week, that passengers may leave Portland in tiie morning, reach Alton Bay, and on the fine steamers on Winnipiseogee pass over the whole length of the lake to Centre Harbor and return, so as to get back to Portland in the evening of the same day. Winnipiseogee Lake has no rival, as regards fine scenery, in this country. -MII.F.S FROM I'OKTl.. Morrill's Cumberland Mills Saccarappa 6 Gorham 10 Buxton Centre 15 Saco River It; Centre Walerburougb 25 2\ South Walcrborough.. ale.... East Lebanon 43 East Rochester 49 Rochister 52 Gonic 54 Barriugton 59 Epning Frcemont Sandown llanipstcad Windham West Windham Hudson Nashua Hollis 101 Pepperell Ill 203 Groton Centre 1 16 -Iyer Junction 1 1'J Harvard 122 Still River 121 Lancaster 128 South Lancaster 129 Clinton 130 Sterling Junction 135 Oakdalo 137 West Boyl.-ton I3S Worcester 117 PORTLAND RAILROAD. A company for the purpose of establishing a horse rail- road in the city and vicinity was chartered in 18G2. They broke ground early in September, 18G:>, and by the 1st of October of the same year had so far completed their track as to operate. The company now run cars through Spring, High, Congress, Middle, and India Streets, a distance of nearly two miles, to the Grand Trunk Depot. Also, from Grove Street, through Congress to Atlantic Street, on Mun- joy Hill, nearly two miles. Also, from the head of Preble Street, through Preble, Portland, and Green Streets, and across Deering's bridge, and through the pleasant villages of Deering Point and Woodford's Corner, passing the beau- tiful burial-place of the city, known as Evergreen Ceme- tery, to Morrill's Corner, a distance of three and a quarter miles. Cars run every twelve minutes on the Spring, Mid- dle, and India Street route ; every eight minutes on the Congress Street route ; and in summer, every twenty min- utes on the Westbrook route. Almon Leach, Superin- tendent. STEAMBOAT LINES. Besides her extraordinary railroad facilities, Portland has the following .steamboat lines engaged in commerce and the transportation of freight and passengers to and from the principal ports between New York and Prince Edward's Island, and she has had and will have soon again a line of ocean steamers running directly between here and Liverpool and other European ports : The International Steamship Company make two trips a week to Eastport, Calais, St. John, N. B., Annapolis, Wind- sor, and Halifax, N. S., and Charlottetown, P. E. I. T. C. Hersey, President and Manager ; A. K. Stubbs, Agent, Railroad Wharf. The Portland and Boston Daily Line of first-class steam- ers leave Franklin Wharf, Portland, daily, at seven o'clock, P.M., and India Wharf, Boston, daily, at five o'clock p.m. J. B. Coyle, General Agent, Portland; William Weeks, Agent, Boston. The Portland, Bangor and Machias Steamboat Com- pany run weekly botits between Portland and Machias and back, touching at all the principal intermediate points, leav- ing Portland every Friday morning at ten o'clock, and Machias every Thursday morning at five o'clock. E. Cush- ing, General Manager ; George L. Day, General Ticket Agent, Railroad Wharf The Maine Steamship Company run a semi-weekly line between Portland and New York, leaving the former city every Monday and Thursday at six P.M., and the latter every Monday and Thursday at four p.m. Henry Fox, Gen- eral Agent, Portland. J. F. Ames, Agent, Pier iJ8, East River, New York. The Canada Shipping Company, or Beaver Sleamshiji 204 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Cotupiiii)', run in the winter, in connection with the Mis- sissippi and Dominion Steamship Company, forming a weekly line to Liverpool, comprising six boats, three of each line, which commence running about the 20th of No- vember, and end about tlie 30th of April. These boats were put on for the season of 1877-78 ; they are of large carrying c;»paeity, the least being 1800 tons, and from that up to 2700 tons, and have, in addition to their freight car- goes, acconmiodation for about forty passengere each. Dominion Line, D. C., Torrence & Co., Montreal. Beaver Line, Thompson, Murraj' & Co., Montreal. The Clyde Ijine of ocean steamships consists of six steam- ers, making tri-weekly trips to Glasgow and London. They are of about 2200 tons each, and have accommodations for about twenty passengers respectively. Robert Keford & Co., Agents, Montreal. The Motitreal Ocean Steamship Company formerly ran six steamei-s from Portland, making a weekly line between here and Liverpool. They commenced running about 1859, in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway, making at that time tri-monthly trips. These boats con- tinued to run during the winter season till 1876-77, when they were discontinued between this port and Halifax, on account of the transference of the mail contract from the Grand Trunk to the Liter-Colonial Railway, the Dominion Government making it oblig-atory upon them to receive the Canada mails at Halifax. There is some probability that these lines of steamers will be restored to Portland ; others at least will come if they do not, for the extension of the Grand Trunk on an independent track to Chicago, and the arrangements which have been made to take hold of a large portion of the va.st freighting interest of the Northwest, will inevitably bring to Portland all the ships necessary to dispose of the immense business which will rapidly accu- mulate. Already there are .strong ■ indications that the Great K;istern and the Allan Line of steamships will soon come to Portland. The route is the shortest to the great wheat- and stock-growing region of the Northwest, and the harbor the deepest and s;\fest on the continent. The Great Eastern once came here because no other harbor on the coast contained deep enough water to accommodate her ; and, if she is to be made a commercial vessel, there is no good reason why she should not come again. (For further remarks on the advantages of Portland Harbor, see chapter ou the coast topography and couclusiou of the history of the Grand Trunk Railway, in this work.) THE ICE BUSINESS. The history of the ice business which has been developed by Mr. Clark commences with Mr. David Robinson, who was the first person to use and sell ice in the city of Port- land. His ice-cellar, ten by six feet, and ten feet deep, was built on Munjoy Hill' about 1S23, and held some ten tons. In 1828 he built an ice-cellar on Cumberland Street that held sixty tons. He sold the first ice in Portland about the year 1831, resulting as follows: Judge Mellen twelve and a half cents ; two other men six and a quarter cents' worth each ; paid for horse and use of wagon 81.50. This closed his Sides for that year ; loss in business SI. 25. In 1832 he built the first ice-house above ground, located on the corner of Congress and Centre Streets, and in 1836 there were families enough in the city wanting ice regularly to establish the business. Mr. Robinsun and son carried on the business until 1851, and sold out their interest to Fos- ter & Cartwright, who continued the business until 1852, when it became the property of the Sebago Lake Ice Com- pany. The Sebago company, in its first year of business, shipped forty-eight cargoes, averaging one hundred and fifty- three tons each. In 1855, Mr. D. W. Clark succeeded the Sebago Lake Ice Company, and has controlled the ice business in Portland since. His judicious management, his increased facilities for obtaining and storing ice, have kept pace with the growing demands of this necessary arti- cle, and the four hundred and ninety patrons of the Sebago Lake Ice Company have increased to three thousand. In 1873, Mr. Clark associated with him in business Mr. Ashbel Chaplin (D. W. Clark & Co.), and in the same year began shipping ice from Sebago Lake. In the twenty-three years from 1851 to 1874, the total shipments were twenty-three thousand four hundred and thirty-five tons. Since 1874 D. W. Clark & Co. have shipped one hundred and eighty- two cargoes, containing seventy-two thousand two hundred and thirty-four tons. In 1851 the average cargo was one hundred and forty-four tons, and in 1879 it was four hundred and ninety-four tons, showing the increased carry- ing capacity of vessels. Thus in a little over a quarter of a century has the ice business in Portland increased in value from a few shillings to thousands of dollars annually. D. W. CL.VRK [Abraham,* Mervin,' John,' Mathew,'- John.'] is a lineal descendant in the sixth generation from John Clark, an early settler, first of Cambridge, Mass., then of Hartford and Farmington, Conn. He was one of the forty- two men to whom land was assigned at Newton, now Cam- bridge. Jhirch 29, 1632. He probably went to Hartford, Conn., in June, 1636, with the company of Rev. Thomas Hooker in its memor- able journey through the wilderness, and his name is on the monument erected to the fii-st settlers, in Hartford. He removed to Farmington about 1655, and was one of the eighty-four original proprietors, and died there at great age, Feb. 21, 1712. Abraham, father of the subject of this notice, removed in 1831 with his family to Jacksonville, 111., where they lived for many j-eai-s. Afterwards he removed to Chicago, where he died Feb. 21, 1853, aged seventy-five. His mother, Millicent, was a daughter of Joseph and Ruth (Wetmore) Washburn, of Middletown, Conn., and a descendant of John Washburn, the emigrant, and secretary of the Massachusetts Colony. She died March 9, 1863, aged seventy-nine. Dennis Woodrufi" Clark was fifth child, born in Farming- ton, Conn., May 27, 1819, removed West with his parents, and spent most of his time in school until he was eighteen years of age. For three years he was a clerk in a store, and in 1840 he purchased goods and started business for himself in Rockingham, Iowa. Here he remained two }"ears, and removed to Wisconsin, where he carried on mercantile busi- ness until 1852. He married Mary Caroline, daughter of (jj ' ' VTz-^tf^^f^^p CITY OF PORTLAND. Alexander and Mary (Lowell) Hubb. In 1852 he became a member of the firm of Gill, Clark & Co., jobbers of groceries, in Sacramento, Cal., but after a year and a lialf withdrew from the firm, and in the spring of 1854 came to 205 Mr. Clark has been connected with many local enterprises during his residence in Portland, and is among the most active, enterprising, and influential business men of the city. He was treasurer of the Leeds and Parmington liailruad r 4tt^^ Portland. In the winter of 1854-55 he put up ice for the Sebago Lake Ice Company, and in the fall of 1855 as- sumed entire control of the ice business, purchasing the company's interest. prior to the sale of that road to the Maine Ten of the directoi'S of the Portland and Ogdensbiir from 1872 to 1877; and is president of the AVater Company since 1873. tral ; one llailroad Portland BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM MOULTON. This branch of the Moult on family in New England is descended from William Moulton, who came from Ormsby, County of Norfolk, England, in 1637, with Robert Page, and settled at Hampton, Mass., in 1639. He afterwards married Margaret, a daughter of Page, and some of his de- scendants are still found in Hampton and in the neighbor- ing towns. William Moulton, a lineal descendant of Wil- liam Moulton, the emigrant, and son of Daniel and Deborah (Dyer) Moulton, was born in the town of Scarborough, March 22, 1801. His early manhood was spent on the farm, and his oppor- tunities for obtaining an education from books were very limited. For several years he was engaged in real estate operations in Penobscot Co., Me., and was very successful. About the year 183G he settled in Portland, and estab- lished himself in the grocery trade, and during the same year he married Nancy, daughter of Henry V. and Catha- rine (McLaughlin) Cumston, of Scarborough. He subse- quently formed a copartnership with Charles Rogers, with the firm-name of Charles Rogers & Co., as wholesale jobbers of flour and groceries. This firm continued busincjrs for many years, and ranked among the first and largest mer- chants of the city. Mr. Moulton, upon retiring from the mercantile business, engaged in banking, was a director of the Cumberland Bank, and for a (juartcr of a century prior to his death, its president. His connection with this bank was most satisfactory, and its financial standing was such as to receive the confidence of the business men of Portland. Mr. Jloulton's ability as a financier was marked, and his career one of continued success. His good judgment, sii- gaeity, and forethought, his remarkably clear and quick perception of probable future results, led others to seek his counsel and place implicit confidence in his judgment. 206 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. For one year he was treasurer of the city. His correct habits and high regard for integrity led him to desire the quiet routine of a business life, and he never was solicitous of political proferment or publicity. In politics he was a Democrat, a staunch member of the party, but not active. He died Dec. 28, 18G8. His children are Sarah, who died at the age of eleven years ; Ella, the wife of Darius II. Ingraham, a lawyer of Portland ; and William Henry, a graduate of Bowdoiu College in the close of 1S74, and banker of Portland. CHARLES Mclaughlin. " The McLaughlins are descended from Murtogh or Maurice, learned, brave, and pious, the first Christian king of Ireland. He was the grandson of Owen, from whom the clan Owen took their name, and after whom the present county of Tyrone, the land of Owen, in Ulster, was called. Murtogh's reign forms a marked era in the history of Ire- land, because of the extraordinary literary and religiuus develojiUient by which it was characterized. He died in 528 A.D., and from that time until 1165 A.n., when his descendant Jlurtogh MacLaughlin, the last king of Ire- huid before the invasion of the Anglo-Normans, was slain at Ijittcrluin, many of the rulers of the land were of his bliHid. The chief fortress of the MacLaughlins was for many generations at Aileach, about seven miles from Lon- donderry ; the foundation of the citadel of Aileach still ex- ists in a fairly preserved state, and is supposed by Irish antiquarians to be the most ancient building in Ireland, and one of the most ancient in Western Europe, dating as far back as twelve hundred years before Christ. The southern part of the island was (|uickly overrun and held by the English, but the north maintained its independence until far through the time of Elizabeth. This independence was secured by several well-contested battles, two of which, Jloy Caba in 1188, and Armagh in 1196 A.D., were gained under the leadership of the MacLaughlins. This family furnished nominal monarchs for Ireland until 1241 A.D., in which year Donnel MacLaughlin, chief of clan Owen, expelled Brian O'Ncil, the head of a younger branch of the clan, from Tyrone O'Neil sought assistance from the O'Donnels, who invaded Tyrone and gave battle to Mac- Laughlin, ' in which battle fell,' say the Four Masters, •Donnel MacLaughlin, lord of the Kinel-Owen, and ten of his family, together with all the chieftains of the Kinel- Owen.' This battle gave the leadership of the north to the O'Neils. From that time forward the MacLaughlins at- tached themselves to the O'Donnels, retaining their posses- sions until the confiscation of all Ulster by James I. Their lands had been confirmed to tlicm by Elizabeth at the end of her war with the northern Irish, although they liad been actively engaged with the O'Donnels against her. They lost their lands by the confiscation, but regained a portion of them upon the coming of Owen Roe O'Neil, in 1642, and held them until Cromwell subdued the country. That hard fighter drew his sword through their titles, and in fifty years they helped to verify the strange avowal that true nobility of blood and manners in Ireland was confined ulmoct exclusively to the ranks of the poor and pure native Irish. Since that time the only distinction open to them has been in the Church. Under the old rerjimc, the Mac- Laughlins were ercimchs or custodians of half the church lands of the present county of Londonderry. " If you ask who till the innumerable fields on the slope of Fahan Hill, you are told that they are one-half Mac- Laughlins, tenants of the soil their forefathers had won by the sword, forbidden by law until within a few years to own a foot of land in all Ulster, but still owning the memory of a great past and clinging to the promise of a fair future."* William and Robert McLuighlin, brothers, of the stock of the LUster IMcLaughlins, emigrated in the same vessel to this country, and settled in Scarborough, then virtually, so far as the Indians were concerned, a frontier town. Wil- liam was born in 170G; his wife, Sarah Jameson, was born in Plymouth, Mass., in 1715, and died in Scarborough, Jan. 21, 1818. Robert was never married. William and Robert cleared the farm on Beech Ridge, in Scarborough, now owned and occupied by his great-grandson, Robert McLaughlin. This family, like the other settlers of Scar- borough, had their share of trouble from the Indians, who, both in their own interest and in that of the French, made many incursions into the town. In tho.se days the alarms of danger were frequent enough ; the McLaughlins were obliged many a time to leave their home and seek security with the garrison on Scottow's Hill ; and it was not until the jieace of 1763 that they were finally safe from the depredations of the savages. William McLaughlin was a town warden in 1777. He died in 1782. His son Robert, born in Scarborough, July 18, 1752, died May 8, 1823; his wife, Martha Johnson, was born Feb. 16, 1761, and died at Monmouth, Me., June y, 1851. They had three sons and six daughters. Betsey, the eldest, married Edward Sargent, of Bangor ; Sally and Nancy were never married ; Catharine married Henry Vanschaick Cumston, of Scarborough, afterwards of Monmouth; William; James; Dionysia married Wiggins Hill, of Bangor; Ruth married Joseph Hasty, of Standish ; Charles was never married ; James went to Bangor, operated in real estate, became quite wealthy, and died there Oct. 14, 1872, at the age of eighty-two ; his wife was Alinira Til- ton, of Scarborough. Charles, the youngest of the family, settled in Louisiaiui and became a large planter ; he died Dec. 19, 1835, in his thirty-eighth year. William took to farming like his ancestors, and was known as a man of good judgment, of strict integrity, and correct habits. He mar- ried Agnes Hasty (whose mother, Rachel Deane, was a niece of Parson Deane), by whom he had three sons, James, Robert, and Charles; he died at Scarborough, April 11, 1837. Of these sons, Robert resides upon the old homestead, which has thus been in his family for four successive gen- erations, about a hundred and thirty years. James resides in Montclair, N. J. Charles was born in Scarborough, July 10, 1827 ; he spent his boyhood on the old home- stead ; at seventeen he left Scarborough to make his own » The MiicLauglilins of Cliiu Oivcii, liy Johu I'ntrick lirown, A.Ii., Bustou, isrs. i^i^Rt^^ ^■T^f^ti rtx CITY OF PORTLAND. 2n7 way in tlie world. For some years lie served as clerk in a store. In 1851 he married Annie L., daughter of Charles Davis, of Portland. Mr. Davis had been at one time pub- lisher of the Savannah Republican, and was for many years well known as a business man of Portland. In 1851, Mr. McLaughlin formed a partnership with W. L. Alden, under the firm-name of IMcLaughlin & Alden, flour job- bers. After the di.s.solution of this firm he entered into business with Mr. Davis, his father-in-law, in 1857, under the firm-name of Charles McLaughlin & Co. This firm afterwards embraced such other well-known citizens as George E. Davis, Charles Walker, Daniel W. Ames, and Albert Drummond. (See page 195.) Mr. iNIcLaughlin has always taken much interest in local improvements in Portland, and although not holding office has had no little prominence in the affairs of the city. He was elected to the Legislature of 1878, and as a member of that body contributed an important part to some of its most useful legi-slation. Confident of the repeal of the national bankrupt law, Jlr. McLaughlin originated and advocated successfully the present State insolvent law. During the session of the Legislature of 1879 an attack was made upon this law, and for a time there was danger of its being repealed. But Mr. McLaughlin, although not a member, with other friends of the law, rallied to its defense, and by good management secured its retention, with slight modifications, upon the statute-book. He has never sought public preferment, devoting himself closely to business, and his integrity, care, and forethought have secured him a position among the foremost niereliants of Portland. He has two children, Agnes Hasty McLaughlin and Charles McLaughlin, Jr. GEORGE P. WESCOTT. His grandfather, Archibald Wescott, removed from Pen- obscot and settled at Bluehill, Me., in 1833, where he died at the age of seventy-seven. His father, Joseph Wescott^ was born in Penobscot, July 23, 1813, went to sea when only ten years of age, and held the various places of trust and responsibility on board ship during his first ten years of seafaring life. At the age of twenty he took command of a vessel as captain, and in command of difl^erent ships made coasting voyages and carried on trade between Bos- ton, New York, and the West Indies for ten years. In 1845 he retired from the sea and establi-shed himself as a granite contractor at Bluehill, Hancock Co., Me., where he successfully carried on that business until 1866, when he settled in Portland, and in partnership with his son, George P., opened business as granite contractors and commission merchants, which business this firm continues. He married Caroline, daughter of Samuel Brown, of Bluehill, in 1839. Their children are Helen, Mrs. John Hinckley, of Nevada (deceased), George P., Carrie B., Mrs. Henry P. Wood, of San FrancLsco (deceased), and Ilattie. The ancestors of the Wescotts came from England and settled at Castine, Hancock Co., Me., prior to the Ilevolu- tionary war, and their descendants are, in 1879, residents of the same county and occupy the same farm first settled by their great ancestor. Many members of the Wescott family were seafaring men. George P. Wescott was born at Bluehill, Me., Dec. 24, 1842. Mis boyhood was .spent at home, where he received a good education in the common school, and for some time was a student in Bluehill Academy. At the age of eighteen he went to California, and was civil engineer in the Mare Island Navy Office for two years. He then spent one year in the silver mines of Nevada, and returned to California, where, at Vallcjo, he engaged in the mercantile business, which he continued until 1805. He was appointed postmaster of that place, under Governor Blair, and held the office as long as he was in business there. In January, 1860, he came to Portland, where, ia partnership with his f\ither, he has remained in business. Mr. Wescott's business capacity, his ability as a success- ful financier and judicious manager, gives him place among the most influential young business men of the city. Since 1807 he has been a director, and since 1875 vice-president, of the Casco National Bank. In 1809 he was elected treasurer of the Portland and Rochester Railroad, which position he resigned in 1873. In 1875 he was chosen president of the same road, and in 1877 he was appointed receiver by the State Supreme Court, which position he now fills. In 1877 he was elected treasurer and general man- ager of the Portland Water Company, and .still retains that office in 1879. Soon after settling in I'ortland, Mr. Wes- cott began to take an active part in the aff'airs of the city, and is a promoter of all enterprises tending to its prosperity and the welfare of its citizens. In politics, he is a Republican. Ho represented the 5th AVard of the city on the board of alderman in 1809-70, was elected mayor in 1874, and re-elected to the same honorable position the following year. In his official duties Mr. Wescott has honored the vari- ous offices which he has filled by his integrity in his busi- ness relations, by his prompt action and sound judgment. In 1807 he married Sarah Ann, daughter of Henry N. West, of Haverhill, Mass. ROSWELL MINARD RICHARDSON* is a descendant in the eighth generation from Samuel Rich- ardson, who was born in England about 1010, and with iiis brother Thomas settled at Charlestown, Mass., in the year 1036. His elder brother, Ezekiel, settled at Charlestown in 1030, having been a pa.ssenger of Winthrop's fleet, and with his wife Susanna became members of the church gathered in Charlestown, Aug. 27, 1030. He was ad- mitted a freeman of the colony May 18, 1631. The first notice of Samuel Richardson is dated July 1, 1030, when he and his brother, Thomas, with others were on a committee to lay out lots of land for hay. On the 5th of November, 1040, the three brothers and four others were chosen by the church of Charlestown as commission- ers for the settlement of a church and towu within what were then the limits of Charlestown, but soon after erected into a separate town, and called Woburn. Samuel was * Samuel,' David,' Zebadiah,' Ebenoior,* Stephen,* Stephen,* Samuel.' 208 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. selectman of Woburn in 164-i, 1G45, 16t6, 1G49, 1650, and 1051. " Their descendants, bearing' the name of Richardson, long have been, and still are, more numerous than persons of any other name in Woburn, and amonj:; them have been found some of the most valued members of the church and citizens of the placc."f His <^randfat!ier, David, born in Hudson, N. H., Aug. 5, 1763, married, 1790, Polly Dearborn, born May 19, 1709, daughter of Capt. Samuel and Sarah (Clough) Dearborn, of Plymouth, N. H. David Richardson served three years in the army of the Revolution, for which, near the close of his life, he drew a pension. In 1801 he re- moved to Comptou, Province of Quebec, and in 1828 to Gloucester, near Ottawa, Piovince of Ontario, where his wife died. He returned to Compton, where he died, May 13, 1849, in the family of his eldest son, Samuel. Samuel, father of R. M. Richardson, born in Plymouth, N. H., Aug. 3, 1791, married, first, in Compton, Canada, Mehitable Shurtleif, born May 19, 1792, daughter of Joel and Eunice (Scott) Shurtleff. She was a descendant in the sixth generation of William Shurtleff, of Marshfield, the emigrant ancestor of all of the name in New England, and whose name first appears in Plymouth in 1634 She died in Compton, March 18, 1845. Samuel Richardson was a farmer in Compton, a man in moderate circumstances, and much respected in the town. He died Juno 13, 18()6. Roswell Minard Richardson, eldest son of Samuel and Mehitable (Shurtlefl) Richardson, born in Compton, Prov- ince of Quebec, April 7, 1814, married, JIarch 9, 1848, in Boston, Ann Hutchins Hapgood, born in Petersham, Mass., Jan. 18, 1819. She was the daughter of Thomas and Betsey (Hopkins) Hapgood, and granddaughter of Hutchins and Elizabeth (Grout) Hapgood. She is seventh in descent from Shadrach Hapgood, the original emigrant of the name, who embarked at Gravesend in the " Speed- well," May 30, 1656, bound for New England, and was slain by the Indians at Quaboag, now Brookfield, Mass., Aug. 2, 1675. Her maternal grandmother, Elizabeth Grout, was granddaughter of Col. Jonathan Grout of the French and Revolutionary wars. He was a member of the Provincial Congress at Cambridge in February, 1775, and was elected a member of the first Congress of the United States, under the Federal Constitution, as a representative from Worcester Co., Mass., in 1789. The wife of Mr. Richardson is a lineal descendant of Stephen Hopkins, tlie Pilgrim, who came over in the " Mayflower" in 1620. Roswell M. Richardson left his home in December, 1829, at fifteen years of age. He was a clerk in a store at Hatley village, Canada East, for a while, in Canaan, Vt., for two years, and in Northumberland, N. H., until Jan. 1,1836, when, as a partner of Gen. John Willson (Willson & Rich- ardson), he continued business at that place until 1845. In 1840 he Wiis appointed United States deputy marehal, and took the census of Coos Co., N. H., the same year. In 1838 he was appointed, by Governor Isaac Hill, adju- tant of the 42d Regiment, 8th Brigade, New Hampshire Militia; liouteDant-coloDel by Governor John Page, June t History of Woburn, pp. 71, 635, 6.3fi, bj Rev. Mr. Sowiill. 23, 1840; colonel by Governor John H. Steel, June 20, 1844 ; and brigadier-general by Governor Anthony Colby, July 6, 1846, from which position he retired June 20, 1848, afler removing to Vermont. He was appointed justice of the peace by Governor Henry Hubbard, Sept. 5, 1842, which position he held while a resident of the State of New Hampshire. He commenced lumbering on the Connecticut River in 1842. April 1, 1856, he re- moved to Portland, where, still continuing his lumber busi- ness for many years, he was engaged in busine.ss as a whole- sale grocer on Commercial Street from 1861 to 1875. In 1 860 he was a member of the lower branch of the City Council of Portland ; Democratic nominee for senator for Cumberland County in 1861, but failed of an election through party divisions on war issues. He was elected mayor of Portland, March 1, 1875, and was a representa- tive in the State Legislature from Portland in 1878. He has one son living, William Slinard Richardson. CAPTAIN JACOB S. WINSLOW was born in Pembroke, Me., Dec 19, 1827. His father, Jacob Winslow, born in North Yarmouth, Me., in 1795, settled in Pembroke in the year 1812. He was a seaman during most of his life, as was his father. Snow Winslow, before him, and was mostly engaged in a coasting trade. He married Elizabeth Clark, of Pembroke. She still sur- vives, aged seventy-six. Jacob Winslow died in 1841. His father, Snow Wins- low, died at Havana of yellow fever. Capt. Jacob S. Winslow is second son in a family of ten children. His boyhood was spent on the farm and at school. Seeming to inherit from his ancestors a desire for the sea, he, at the age of fourteen, went aboard a vessel as a com- mon hand. His integrity of character and industrious habits gradually gained the confidence of his superiors. Just before reaching his majority he became master of the brig " Noble," and made two trips, one to Philadelphia, and a second to the West Indies, having been before for some two years first mate of a vessel. He successively commanded the " Josephine," " Calista," " Bloomer," " Jere- miah Fowler," barks " Maine Law" and " Philena." He built the latter vessel and sailed her for some six years to the West Indies and Europe. In 1862, Capt. Winslow retired from the sea, opened an ofiice on Central Wharf, Portland, engaged more extensively in ship-building, and began trade in ship-stores and chand- lery. He has constructed in all some one hundred vessels at the yards in Yarmouth, Pembroke, and Portland. Since 1868, Capt. Winslow has associated with him as partner in business Henry P. Dewey, a gentleman of fine business ability, with the firm-name of J. S. Winslow & Co. Upon his retirement from the sea Capt. Winslow began to take an interest in the affairs of the city, and is a pro- moter of all enterprises tending to its prosperity and the welfare of its citizens. He is a director of the Casco Na- tional Bank, Portland l>loyds Insurance Company, Dry- dock Company, and Bangor and Machias Steamboat Com- pany. He is interested in local and State legislation, is an --^JJ^^^^^^Msu^ \.^,.,.^ /^S'9^^^c CITY OF PORTLAND. 209 active member of the Republican party, and was a member of tbe Common Council from the First Ward for 18G8-69, and was one of the representatives from I'ortlaud to the State Legislature in 1 876-77. Ill 1853 lie married Philena, daughter of Zetias and Eliza Morton, of Lubec, Me. His wife died May 14, 1877. MARK P. EMERY. The name of Emory is of Norman origin. Was intro- duced into England, 1066, by (Jilbert D'Amory, of Tours, in Normandy, a follower of William the Conqueror, and with him at the battle of Hastings. In 1G35, John, and .son John, and Anthony, his brother, born in Romsey, in Nantes, a small cathedral town, about eight miles northerly from Southampton, embarked from the latter place for America, in the ship " James," Captain Cooper, and landed in Boston, June 3d of that year. They at once proceeded to Newbury. John there settled, and died in 1683. The locality of his longest residence, at Oldtown Lower Green, is still known as '■ Pjmery's Field." From him sprang a numer- ous progeny, whose representatives are scattered far and wide. Anthony went to Kittery, where he settled, and from whom proceeded the other branch of this numerous family. A family reunion of the Emerys was held at " Ould Newberrie," Sept. 3, 1879, .some eighty persons being pres- ent from all parts of the country. Among them were Rev. Samuel Hopkins Emery, of Taunton, Mass.; George Emery, of Boston ; Rev. Rufus Emery, of Newburgh, N. Y. ; Rev. Dr. Emery, of West Newbury; Representative Levi Emery, of Lawrence; Moses Jefl'erson Emery, of Haverhill ; George Edwin Emery, of Lynn ; and 3Iark P. Emery, of Portland, Me. The grandfather of Mark P. Emery, Thomas Emery, born in 1753, was a descendant of Anthony Emery, and a native of Biddeford, York Co., Me. He early in life settled in the town of Buxton, and was one of the pioneers of that town. Although a farmer by occupation, he was a man of mark in public affairs. Besides holding many offices in his town, he, as a member of the old Federal party, was a member of the State Legislature. He married Hannah Hammond, Nov. 27, 1773, and reared a family of eight sons and five daughters. She died Oct. 31, 1827, aged seventy-five years. Thomas Emery, father of the subject of this narrative, was born in the town of Buxton, at which place he died Oct. 20, 1856. He married Oct. 4, 1799, Mary Woodman, of Buxton, and reared a family of six sons and four daugh- ters — Rufus, Mrs. Richard Steele, Mr.s. John Bradbury, James W., Horace, Thomas J., Alexander J. (deceased), Mark P., Mrs. Joseph G. Steele, and Mrs. Joseph Dunnell. The mother of these children died June 27. 1858, aged seventy-nine. Thomas Emery was a farmer and lumberman by occu- pation, and used to raft his lumber down the Saco River for .shipment to other ports. He was prominent among the citizens of his town and county ; was selectman of HiixluM, and sheriff of York County. Mark P. Emory was born Feb. 17, 1817, in the tcjwn (if Buxton, and spent most of his minority ou the farm. He 27 received his early education in tlio town school and Gorham Academy. At the age of twenty, unaided pecuniarily, he came to Portland, and for four years was a clerk with Smith & Brown, grocers and lumber dealers. In 1845 he became a partner with J. B. Brown & Jedediah Jewett, with the firm-name of J. B. Brown & Co., in the same business, which continued three years, when the partner- ship was dis.solvcd. Mr. Emery was in business alone from 1848 to 1852 as a manufacturer and shipper of sliooks, and an importer of molas.ses and .sugar, trading in the West Indies. In 1855, after a rest of several years on account of impaired health, he took in Henry Fox as partner, with the firm-name of " Emery & Fox," and continued in the same business until 1868. About the year 1860 this firm added the lumber business to their already extensive shipping and import trade, and continued as lumber merchants until 1876, when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Emery sought to retire from the cares of so much business, after spending nearly forty years as a persevering, industrious, and enterprising business man. For some years past he has been engaged quite largely in real-estate operations in Vermont and New Hampshire. In local matters he has ever felt a deep interest, and has taken an active part in the promotion of enterprises tending to the good of society. His financial ability is recognized by business men, and his connection with the First Natioiuil Bank of Portland as director, and with the Maine Savings Bank as trustee, for the past three years, have added strength to these institu- tions. He is also a director of the Maine Steamboat Com- pany. He represented the Fifth Ward of the city as alderman for two terms, during which time as chairman of the committee of the fire department he purchased the first fire-engine used in Portland. He married Jan. 1, 1846, Mary S., daughter of Ezra Smith, of Hanover, Me. CHARLES H. HASKELL. Joel Haskell, with two brothers, Moses and Nehemiah, former residents of Cape Ann and Newburyport, Mass., removed to New Gloucester, and were among the first set- tlers of the town. Joel married Joanna Burnliam, and reared a family of children. Jonathan Haskell, his son, the grandfather of the subject of this narrative, was a blacksmith by trade, and Wiis en- gaged in the postal service during the pioneer history of the town, when he used to carry the mail on horseback from Portland to Augusta. He died Oct. 9, 1858, aged ninety-two. Charles C, father of Charles II. Haskell, died in 1869, aged seventy-four. He was a respectable farmer in New Gloucester, and used to spend his winters on the Andros- coggin River and the lakes, .surveying timber. He was an unswerving member of the old Whig party, afterwards a Free-Soiler, and later a Republican. He married Sarah R., daughter of Nathaniel Eveleth, who was a prominent and worthy citizen of New Gloucostor. She ilicd in Sop- tombor, 1877, aged seventy-eighl. Charles H. is eldest son, born in New Gloucester, May 12, 1824. Id 1839 he came to Portland, and was a clerk 210 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. until 1848, when he started business for himself as a whole- sale grocer, in partnership with Oliver V. Reynolds. Tiiis business he continued until 1878, with the exception of four years, from 18.'J6-60, duriu-;; which time he was in- spector of customs, receiving his appointment from President James Buchanan. He was a director of the National Traders' Bank for several years, a member of the Portland Board of Trade since its organization, its treasurer for ten years, and presi- dent of the board in 1878. He was one of the founders of the Mercantile Library Association, and its president for two years. y{a^a^ /^ A^(>^^ i^^^ Mr. Haskell was formerly a Whig, but upon the disso- lution of that party became a Democrat. For two terms he was councilman from the Sixth Ward of the city, and was elected city auditor, but declined to accept the office. In 1871 he was a representative from Portland in the State Legislature, and was placed on the committee on banks and banking. In 1875 he was appointed, with Joshua Nye, by President Grant, centennial commissioner for the State of Maine, and was State Senator in 1875-76, acting as chairman of the railroad committee. He married. May 10, 1849, Mary E., daughter of Zophar Reynolds, of Portland. She died Oct. 9, 1863, leaving one son, Charles 0. Haskell. For his second wife, Mr. Haskell married, June 4, 1870, Mrs. Louise L. Kenney. NEAL R. M AC AL ASTER, son of Peter and Ruth (Bryant) Macalastcr, was boin in Lovell, Oxford Co., Me., Aug. 14, 1844. His grandfather, Ananias, emigrated from Scotland and settled in New Eng- land. His father and three uncles, John, Jerry, and Zac- cheus, settled in Stonehani, and his father subsequently settled in Lovell, where for many years he was a farmer. He is now retired from the active duties of life at the age of seventy-eight, having been born in 1801. His mother died in 1876 at the age of sixty-eight. Neal R. Macalaster spent his boyhood at school. At the age of sixteen he went to Halifax, where for three years he was a close student of anatomy and physiology, and during the first five years he was in that city, learned dentistry with his brother. Dr. Oris Macalaster, who settled there from Boston about 1857. ^^'fe^:^^^^^ In 1865, having completed his studies, he opened an office in Fryeburg, Mc., where he practiced dentistry until 1869, when his brother. Dr. Oris, having settled in Port- land, he joined him and practiced with him until 1874, and became a partner, under the firm-name of Macalaster Bros. This firm continued business successfully until 1879, when the senior member of the firm retired, settling in Lynn, Mass., and Dr. Neal R. continues the business. Dr. Macalaster is ranked among the most succe.ssfiil practitioners of dentistry in the city, and is an acknowl- edged skillful and careful operator. He is said to be the only successful practitioner in the administration of nitrous oxide gas in the city, and makes a specialty of the care of children's teeth and gold fillings. He married, Aug. 11, 1866, in Philadelphia, Ella F., daughter of Asahel and ^rvilla (Nason) Barrows, of Bniwiifield, Oxford Co., Me. Her father is a native of Vermont and her mother is a native of New Hampshire. , ^y9>^^-t^^o Ct'-t^-l^ His grandfather, Nicholas, settled in tlie town of Limington, York Co., Me., from Salem, Mass., prior to the Revolntionary war. He was a pioneer of the town, and went there on horseback with his wife, fol- lowing marked trees. He raised a family of five sons and two daughters, all of whom were married and reared familes. Nicholas Davis was a major in the Revolutionary war; was a farmer by occupation, and died, at the age of ninety-seven, about the year 1831. His father, William Davis, born in Limington in 1797, married Mary Waterhouse, of Gorham, and reared a family of six children, of whom William G. Davis is second. He was a man of resolution and strong force of character. In politics he was a Democrat, but preferred the quiet of a farm life to any political honors. Both he and his wife wore members of the Free Baptist Church in early life, and remained constant in their profession and pro- moters of church and like interests. William G. Davis was born in the town of Lim- ington, June 16, 1825. His boyhood was spent at .school and on the farm. At the age of fourteen he came to Portland and started a business life for him- self. He was first a clerk, then a baker, and after- wards for ten years a successful Yankee notion ped- dler, importing a portion of his goods and buying the remainder in New York and Boston. In 1859 he located in Portland, and, with James P. Baxter as partner (Davis, Baxter &, Co.), engaged in business as a wholesale jobber of miscellaneous merchandi.se. He continued this business until 1866, the firm im- porting the greater part of their goods. In 1862 this firm began the preservation of food products, and exported to Liverpool, England, in payment for im^iortations contracted for prior to the war. In this way was the business established which, under the name of the " Portland Packing Company," is still continued, and has been so successfully carried on. The exports of the Portland Packing Company reach all parts of the habitable globe, and are held in esteem alike by the rude natives of the Sandwich Islands and the epicureans of London and Paris. The operations of the company, like those of the Hudson's Bay Company, are carried on in remote localities; their factories being located from Cajie Sable, on the Nova Scotia shore, to the extreme east- erly point of Cape Breton, iis well as along the rugged shores of Slaine. Mr. Davis married, in 1849, Ilhoda Xeal, of Gardi- ner, Me. His children are Helen A. Davis, born 1849 (deceiised); Walter E., born 1853 (deceased); Walter G., born 1857 ; Wm. X., born 1860 ; Charles A., born 1862 (deceased); Edith, born 1865; Flor- ence, born 1869 (deceasetl); Alice, born 1869 (de- ceased). CITY OF PORTLAND. 211 ^c^^^y^ A Plintci. by Lnnisnii, (iA/t}7T7 c^yj^ GEORGE BURNHAM. John Burnham, grandson of John, the emigrant, born in 1738, came from Ipswich, Mass., and settled in Portland (then Falmouth) about 1760. He contributed to the early enterprises of the then growing village, engaged in packing fish and in the cooper business. He is said to have built the first wharf in Portland harbor, which was destroyed by fire during the war for independence. He erected another, and an interest in it (Burnham's) has been retained by the family ever since. Mr. Burnham also built the first house in Portland after the destruction of the town by the Biitish fleet. He married Abigail Stickney, and reared a family- of eight sons and five daughters, nearly all the sons being seafaring men. He died of yellow fever, on the 29th of July, 1798. His son, Josiah, born Jan. 23, 1770, was married four times. His first wife was Lucy Berry, of Westbrook, by whom he had three sons, — John (deceased), Josiah (de- ceased"), and George, subject of this sketch, and two daugh- ters, — Harriet, wife of Alfred Soule, of Freeport, and Lucy, wife of Pierce Burr, of Freeport, both deceased. Hi.s wife died in 1808, aged forty-five. Josiah Burnham married for his third wife Ellen Jameson, by whom he had one daughter, — Ellen, — Mrs. Arnold Burrows, of Boston. He was a mer- chant at Freeport for some time, and for several years a re- spectable farmer of Durham, where he also carried on coopering, and sent his manufactured goods to Portland. While a citizen of that town he held the oiEcc of trial jus- tice, and was a representative in the State Legislature for several terms. He returned to Portland in 1834, whore he resided until his death, in 1843, aged seventy-tliree. George Burnham, only .surviving son of Josiah and Lucy (Berry) Burnham, was born in the town of Durham, Aug. 20, 1801, and married Margaret Burr, of Freeport, in 1828. She was born in May, 1807. He came to Portland in 1825, and in 1828 went into business as a cooper, which he continues in 1879, and occupies the cooper-shop built by his grandfather, John Burnham, in ]77(). For forty- four years he was inspector of fish at Portland, being ap- pointed by the Governor and Council in 1828. Mr. Burnham has led strictly a business life, having been for a little over a half-century an active, industrious, and judi- cious business man of Portland. His cliildren arc JLir'r.iret, George, Jr., Perez B., Josiah. and John. Perez B. mar- ried Elizabeth Best, of Portland. His cliildren are Harold C, Perez Burr, Jr., Margaret Elizabeth, George, and Amy Jameson. CAPTAIN JAMES RACKLKFF, one hundred years old at the time of writing this sketch of his life, and possessing, in a remarkable degree, tlie faculties of body and mind, being able to pen some parts and dictate the remainder of this narrative, Wiis born at Booth Bay, Nov. 6, 1779. He was son of Benjamin It. and Mary (Dodge) Rackleff, — the former a native of Scarborough, Me., the latter a native of Beverly, Mass. Very early in life James had a desire for the sea, and a great dislike for farming. At the age of fourteen he came 212 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. to Portland, — accompanied with his uncle, Thomas Dodge, — without capital, but othciwisc fully piepaicd to meet the obstacles of life, and carve out a fortune for himself. He immediately obtained employment with Capt. Dillon, then engaged in a coasting and West Indies trade, at one dollar per month. With a robust constitution and willing hands he became a common sailor, and started life for himself. His honesty and manline-ss soon won the confidence of his superiors. He remained with Capt. Dillon for six years, and was made first mate of the vessel, and upon the death of the captain by yellow fever, at Boston, he took command of the vessel, laden with molasses, and sailed her safely to Portland. Many instances are related where his services as an excellent .swimmer, and, by his daring and courage. cJ Wv^ cA (Rcur-tti have saved the lives of those who had fallen overboard, or were in danger of losing their life by accident at sea. At the age of twenty-five he took command of a vessel, and for the next fifteen years did a coasting and West Indies trade. Capt. Rackleflf followed the sea for some thirty years, and upon retiring therefrom began business in Portland, on Ingraham's Wharf, as a wholesale and retail grocer ; but after a short time gave up business to his son Charles, and engaged in real-estate operations and building, and for many years was one of the most active business men of Portland, and interested in all local enterprises connected with the city. He has lived to watch a village of a few hundred become the metropolis of a State; to see .schools, colleges, and churches founded, and their influences reach, after long years, the remotest parts of the habitable globe ; to see steamships supplant sailing-vessels, railways take the place of the ox-team, the telegraph, and nearly all of the great in- ventions now in use brought into successful operation. lie married, Feb. 20, 1805, Olive Basteen. Of this union were born two children, who reached manhood and womanhood, viz., Jane, wife of Allen Haines, and Charles Uacklcfl". His wife, born March 1, 178:!, died Oct. 9, ISGO. Charles Rackleff married Mary, daughter of Rev. Elias Nelson, a Baptist clergyman, of Jay, Me. He died Nov. 23, 1844, aged thirty-seven, leaving an only son, James L. RackleiF, who married Marcia Woodman, daughter of Nathaniel J. Miller, of Portland, and who has been connected with the United States Internal Revenue service since 18G2 as assistant as- sessor, acting assessor, and deputy collector, which latter office he has held since 1874. COL. JAMES F. MILLER was born in the town of Hollis, York Co., Me., Oct. 13, 1831, the fourth child of the Hon. Nathaniel J. and Mary Miller. He received his academical course of study at the Gorham and Limerick Academies. Entered Bowdoin Col- lege in 1852, and graduated in 1856. Read law in the office of Fessenden & Butler, at Portland. After his ad- mission to the bar, in 1858, he opened a law-office at Port- land in company with Wni. G. Chadbourn, and practiced his profession up to the commencement of the late war. He then became military secretary of Governor Washburn. In 1862 he was appointed adjutant-general in the United States service, and assigned to the Department of the Gulf, where he served as military secretary to Governor Shepley for some time, and was subsequently mayor of New Or- leans for one year, and assistant adjutant-general under Gen. Butler, at Norfolk, Va. Resigning tliis position in the army, on account of his health, he returned to Port- CITY OF POETLAND. 213 land in July, 1865, resuiuod the practice of law, and was elected llepiesentativo from the city in the fall ol' the same year, and re-elected in 1866. He was married Oct. 30, 1865, to Charlotte A. Cummings, daughter of the Hon. Nathan Cummings. They have two children, — Nathan and Ralph W. Mr. Miller was a staunch Repuhlican in politics, wa.s po.s- ses.sed of fine executive ability, and fiir the time he wa.s in the practice of his chosen profession took a high position. He was of a genial, social disposition, and his early death, which occurred Dec. 12, 1873, was sorely felt by the mem- bers of his flimily and a large circle of acrpiaintance. Z. K. HARMON, son of Daniel and Mary (True) Harmon, was born in Durham, then Cumberland Co., Maine, Nov. 11, 1816. His grandfather, Daniel, a native of Scarborough, settled in the town of Standish, and was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary war. He afterwards removed to Durham with his family, where he died. His father, Daniel, born in 1778, was a farmer by occupation, and reared a family of seven sons and two daughters. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, was a worthy citizen of Durham and a leading Methodist, held many town offices, was a trial justice of the peace, and a representative in the State Legislature. He died in 1848. Z. K. Harmon spent his boyhood on the farm and at school. At the age of eighteen he began learning the printer's trade at Brunswick, and af\er three years' appren- ticeship, upon reaching his majority, went to St. Charles, Missouri, where he was a clerk for two years. Returning to Portland, he was a clerk for several years in the county clerk's office. In 1850 he became a partner with the late Freeman Bradford, as solicitor of claims. This partner- ship was continued for twelve years, since which time he has been in business alone. During the past twenty-five years, besides acting as solicitor of claims, he has completed, for the use of the State, the muster-roll of the officers and privates in the service of the District of Maine in the war of 1812-14. The ta.sk needed to be done, and has been faith- fully performed. The list is very complete, giving the names, residence, date of entry and discharge, and service performed of every man called into the field, or for garrison duty during " the second war of independence." It is embraced in a large and handsome folio of four hundred and twenty pages, which found its proper place in the adjutant-general's office. He has a more intimate acquaintance with the army rolls of 1812 than any other man in the State, and has filed six hundred pension claims under the act of March S), 1878. Mr. Harmon has been prominently identified with the " Ancient Brothers' Lodge, I. 0. O. F.," since 1845, with the " Machigonne Encampment" since its organization, and was a charter member of " Atlantic Lodge" of Free Masons, of which organization he has been a member for over a quarter-century. He married, Nov. 29, 1846, Harriet A., daughter of Isaac and Mary (Little) Davis, of Portland. Their chil- dren are Charles C, member of the firm of Loring, Short & Harmon, booksellers and stationers; Sarah, wife of George W. Hcrrick, of Boston ; and William K., in the government employ in South Africa. HISTORY OF THE TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. BALDWIN. ORIGINAL GRANT AND BOUNDARIES. The town of Baldwin, formerly called Flintstown, was incorporated June 23, 1802, and was named in honor of Loammi Baldwin, one of the proprietors. The surface, which is low in the south and east, rises gradually in broken ridges toward the Saddleback Mountain in the north. The original grant was made Feb. 8, 1774, to Samuel Whitti- more, Amos Lawrence, and others, and provided that they should set aside one-sixty-fourth each, for the use of the ministry, for the first settled minister, for the use of the grammar school, and for the use of Harvard University, and should settle 30 families thereon within six years. The town originally comprised 36,380 acres, of which 5600 were excluded as bogs and mountains. In 1780 a further ex- tension of six years was allowed for settlement. It was bounded by Standish and Sebago Lake on the east, Ray- mond, Otisfield, Bridgton, and Denmark on the north, Brownfield and Prescott's grant (now Hiram) on the west, and the Saco River on the south. A part of Sebago has since been taken off'. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement was made by Lieut. Benjamin In- galls, who began an improvement near the centre of the town in 1773, on the farm now occupied by J. Millikcn, near the old Pierce homestead ; Lieut. Ligalls was com- missioned in a British regiment by Governor Francis Bar- nard, of Massachusetts, in 1761. Soon after his settlement he removed to the ferry farther up the river, locating perma- nently near Ingalls' Pond, where his son, Samuel Ingalls, still lives. He was followed by Capt. John C. Flint, Bar- tholomew Thorn, Jonathan Thorn, William .^idford, Ephraim Larrabee, and Joseph Richardson, previous to 1780. On the renewal of the grant, in 1780, Josiah Pierce, Esq., one of the principal proprietors, turned his attention to the development of the estate, and engaged largely in lumbering. A heavy growth of wiiite pine covered the entire town, and constituted its chief value. He built three saw-mills, one of which was on Quaker Brook , afterwards owned by Isaac Dyer. His store was the first, and for many years the only one in the town. 214 William Thorn, the first white child born in the town, was presented with 1 00 acres of land by the proprietors. Mr. Pierce, no doubt, induced the required settlement, as previous to 1802 are found the names of Eleazer Flint, Lot Davis, Stephen Burnell, Samuel Black, Jonathan San- born, Josiah Millikin, David and Ephraim Brown, Eben- ezer Lord, Jacob Clark, and Chase Wiggins. Many who came to lumber made no permanent settlement. The earliest marriage recorded was that of Jonathan Sanborn, Jr., to Iposcd bis danger past, but he was again disappointed. She had no sooner recovered her feet than she climbed the tree again, this time tearing the flesh away from his heels, clean to the bones, and both man antl bear fell to the ground, the tree breaking. Jlr. Foster wa,** "top of the heap" when they struck the ground, and ran with all his might towards his home, — the hear did not follow. — and was so wild with fear that he ilid not feel the pain of his feet until going through a field of rye stubble, which pricked the mangled flesh. He married the lady. Years after, when in New York, he heard two mcu discussing the probability of the story, and astonished them by removing his hiyois and showing Iho soars upon his feet. 220 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. private records of early settlement gathered by Mr. Perley. The old house is still standing, though moved from its original position. In 1779, Theodore Emerson, from Methuen, Isaiah In- galls, from Andover (a surveyor), and David Hale, father of David Hale, Jr., fnmi Templeton, Mass., were added to the colony. At the expiration of the Revolutionary war Robert Andrews located in the south part of the town, near Adams' Pond, living alone. He became a leading citizen, and at his death left $1000 as a fund for the relief of the industrious poor. Daniel Perley, from Boxfurd, and John Peabody, from Andover, came in 1780; and, in 1781, Na- thaniel, brother of David Hale, and Phineas Ingalls, of An- dover. In June, 1782, the merited lots — of 100 acres each — were awarded to David Kneeland, William Emerson, A.sael Fo.ster, Richard Peabody, Stephen Gates, James Flint, David Clark, and Timothy Gates, and to Benjamin Kimball and Jacob Stevens two lots each. Moody Bridges and Stephen Kimball afterwards received one lot each. The.se lands are now southea.stern Harrison. Fifty acres of land and a house and shop ready built were given to Jesse Knapp, as an inducement to open a blacksmith-shop. This was half a mile south of Bridgton village. In 1781 a joint committee of the surrounding towns re- moved the most prominent obstructions from the Songo " Ripplings," under the management of Capt. Kimball. A public saw-mill was built at the outlet of Wood's Pond, and in 1785, when nearly completed, carried away by high water. It was rebuilt in 1786, and the next year sold at public auction, "payable in any kind of produce, the buyer binding himself to receive the same kind of pay for saw- ing." Fear of Indians prevented rapid settlement, and some- times sent families in alarm to Standish. After the close of the war, settlement advanced more rapidly, so that by 1787 the town contained ii'J families. Besides those men- tioned, this number included Noah Bceuian, John Daven- port, Moses How, Jesse Knapp, Nathaniel Hale, Sanmel, Asa, and Richard Kimball, George Mead, John Porter, Thomas Symonds, Ejihraim Jewett, and William, Nathan- iel, and Abraham Burnham. VILLAGES. BRIDGTON. In 1789, Williaiu Sears, of Beverly, Mass., purchased the two lots on Stevens' Brook, comprising the older part of the village of Bridgton, and erected a grist-mill below the saw-mill at the outlet of Crotched Pond, and erected the first tavern in the village, on the corner opposite Bridgton House. A meeting-house was commenced in 1790, and finished in 1798. Ten acres of land were laid out for a burying ground and trainit)g-field in 1792. A militia com- pany was formed the saiue year, with Isaiah Ingalls, cap- tain ; Robert Andrews, lieutenant ; and John Kilborn, ensign. This ground was for many years the scene of pat- riotic training-days, and brilliant with the red-and-blue uniforms and white cockades of the " Light Infantry" of Bridgton, who were paid 20 cents each in c;ish, and took the balance of their pay in a hearty enjoyment of the occasion. A post-office was opened in 1800. By 1811 the place had increased to a dozen dwellings. Mr. Merrill kept a .stock of goods in one room, and another was located in one corner of the Sears tavern, after- wards the Pondichcrry House, and Mr. Fairbrother was making his famous pumps. The girls of the neighborhood spun and wove for fifty cents a week, the carding and finishing establishments of Rufus Chase, near the tannery bridge, or Artemus Brigham, just below the grist-mill, completing the process of manufacture. Sixty years later we find a party of travelers from Ply- mouth, N. H.,* alighting from a balloon at the door of the veritable old hotel, in the midst of the most bu.sy and popu- lous village in Northern Cumberland County, the one hun- dred and forty-three feet of waterfall in the stream passing through at the foot of the hill, and supplying the motive power for 13 mills and factories. In 1879 this number had increased to 23, and a popula- tion of 1400, supporting a union high school, newspaper, bank, and telegraph-office, and the village had acquired a creditable repute as a manufacturing centre. The Bridgton Savings Bank was incorporated in 1809, with William W. Cross, President; Rufus Gibbs, Treas- urer; Geo. G. Wight, Assistant Treasurer. Rufus Gibbs became president and P. P. Burnham treasurer in 1872. George P. Perley succeeded IMr. Burnham as treasurer in 1879. NEWSPAPERS. Tlie Bn'ihjlon Reporter, S. H. Noyes publisher, Enoch Knight editor, was first issued at Bridgton village, Nov. 2, 1858, and afterwards edited by David Hale, who entered the army soon after. He was succeeded by Capt. Horace C. Little and George Warren. The office was destroyed by fire in 1804, just after election, and re-issued by David Hale, with the startling head-line, " Death to Copperheads and Incendiaries !" but ceased publication soon after. Tlic Bridgtun News, a seven-column, four-page weekly, 24 by 30, was established Sept. 9, 1870, by H. A. Shorey, editor and proprietor, at $1.50 a year. This paper is ably edited and well supported. Local editor since 1870, Chas. 0. Stickney. The Sebago Lake Steam Navigation Company, whose headquarters are here, built the steamer " Fawn" in 1847, made a trial trip, and soon after removed the machinery and abandoned the boat. In 18G9 the "Oriental" was built by Capt. Symonds, and purchased by the company, of which Charles E. Gibbs was and still is manager. A larger boat, the " Sebago," was soon added, and "the " Oriental," which was burned, was replaced by the " Mount Pleasant." A regular daily line has since been continued between the south shore of Sebago Lake and North Bridgton. From the completion of the first church, in 1798, it served the joint purpose of church and town-house, until the erection of the new church by the First Parish iu 1834, * An aclual occurrence; on a voyage of Prof. King, the aeronaut. TOWN OF BRIDGTON. 221 when it was abandoned to the sole use of the town author- ities. In March, 1851, Moses Gould, John Kilborn, Luke Brown, Horace Billin<;s, William T. Kilborn, Ilensselaer Cram, and John P. Perley were chosen a committee to build tlie present town-house, which was erected on the TOWN-HOUSE, DIUI'OTdX. hill overlooking the lake and village, and dedicated by a grand mass-meeting of tlie citizens of Bridgton held Jan. 8, 1852. Hon. Nathaniel S. Littlefield was made president of the meeting, and an address was delivered by Hon. Marshall Cram, of Bridgton. FIRE DEPARTMENT. This dates back to the advent of the " Waterspout" in 1840, a light engine worked by a horizontal motion in the hands of the young men of the village, and cutting their fingers against the brakes if worked too rapidly. This never offered any serious resistance to a fire, though led by the learned Judge H. Carter, now of Haverhill, Ma.ss., and worked by Augustus Perley, W. W. Cross, llufus Gibbs, and the late Hon. Rensselaer Cram. The present fire department was incorporated March 1, 1854. William W. Cross, Benjamin Walker, and Reuben Ball were chosen assessors; George G. Wight, Clerk; Augustus Perley, Treasurer ; and Edward 0. Adams, Col- lector. They have an engine-house, a good engine worked by hand, a Babcock chemical, American chemical engine, and a roll of 77 men. OfBcere: M. Gleason, Chief En- gineer ; L. S. Carman, P. P. Burnham, Assistant Engineers ; E. A. Littlefield, Clerk ; F. P. Bennett, Treasurer. The town owns a farm, purchased in 1871, valued at $3000, supplied with $1000 worth of personal property, for the support of the poor. NORTH BRIDGTON, at the head of Long Pond, on the site of the first settle- ment in the town, contains 4t) tine residences, a church, academy, the Lake Hotel of Joiin B. Martin, establi.slied in 1873, near tlie site of tiie old Kimball tavern of 1708; the summer hotel of James Webb, Jr., remodeled from the "Lieut. Andrews' Hou.se," built in 1812; machine- and sawshop of O.sgood Bailey, established, 1857, by Richard G. Bailey it Son ; pottery, R. F. Kitson, estab- lished 1815; orrniMieiital painting, John Mead, established 1856; store, Kimball & Co., established 1871 ; saw- and gristmills and furniture-store of Luke & F. H. Brown. Mails are received by daily stage, Edward Kimball, post- master. SOUTH uridoton is a hill-siJc hamlet at Adams' Pond, overlooking Holt's and Ingalls' Ponds and the valley to the .south, where Foster's mills and J. & 0. F. Knapp's box-factory occupy the site of the "old grist-mill" erected by Mr. Mead pre- vious to 1799. The place contains some 30 dwellings, a church, school-house, and the following industries : gen- eral merchandise, T. B. Knapp, since 18(j9, established by Z. Sylvester 1S05 ; shoe and harness, Nahum Knapp, es- tablished 1824; and clothing-manufactory, T. B. Knapp, established 1876. A short distance to the south, at the foot of Prospect Mountain, are the fine buildings of Col. John P. Perley, their ample dimensions in strange contrast with the little wood-colored, steep-roofed, one-story building, not 10 feet square, standing between the house and barns, with the eaves to the road. This is the house to which his grand- father, Enoch Perley, Esq., welcomed his bride in 1777, and in which Gen. Thomas Perley was born. The only door stands at one end, and a tall, narrow window admits the light from either side. Entering the door a swinging ladder, suspended by a hook and wooden hinges, leads the way to sleeping-apartments beneath the horizontal rafters which support the roof This house was abandoned for the larger one, in which the records were burned in 1780. A few rods to the south a granite column marks the grave of its builder. The old burying-ground beside Adams' Pond contains many of the early men of prominence, among whom are Lieut. Robert Andrews, Nathan Hale, and Isaiah Ingalls, — soldiers of the Revolution, — Capts. Peter and Asa Kim- ball, Drs. Jonathan Fessenden — father and son. Two miles to the north of North Bridgton a small inclosure contains two long rows of slate and marble stones, marking the graves of Capt. John Hayward and his great-grandson, Preston M. Glines, who fell in the war of the Rebellion, Luther P. Barnard, Co. B, 2'id Maine, and the unmarked grave of Joseph Kimball, another veteran of the Revolu- tion. The beautiful park of the dead, on the eastern slope of the old training-ground at Bridgton Centre, was set apart for a burying-place after the burial of several pereons, who now sleep beneath the Congregationalist church ; among these are Elizabeth Burnham, died Nov. 4, 1775, Mi-s. David Kneeland, Israel Spafibrd, and Scth Emcreon. Beneath the oak, uniple, and acacia groves are grouped the members of the oldest families of Bridgton, and her most enterprising citizens for the last half-century. Capt. John Kilborn, Jr., is buried at Sand Creek. There arc many private burying-grounds scattered through the town, con- taining the remains of the earliest settlers. DESCRIPTION. Bridgton is bounded on the north by Sweden and Waterford, in O.vford County ; on the exst, by Harrison and Long Pond ; on the south, by Naples and Scbago ; and on 222 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. the west, by Denmark, in Oxford County. The surface consists mainly of lii^li rollins; land, rising towards the north- west, and broken by ridges running parallel with its lakes. That portion to the east of Long Pond was joined to Ilar- ri.son in 180.'); in 1834 2500 acres, and in 185G 10 acres of the southeastern part were joined to Naples. A portion of Fryeburg north of the north line, and a part of Den- mark west of the west line, amounting to 3700 acres, were added to the northwest in 1847. It is watered by seven smaller ponds, besides Long Pond, on the oast, and Moose, Crotched, and Woods' Ponds within its borders, which are its principal waters. A telegraph line, erected in 1877, with an office at Bridgton, connects with the Western Union telegraph lines at Brownfield. There are four post- offices in the town : Bridgton, Charles K. Gibbs, postmaster. Mail by stage twice daily to Brownfield ; daily to South Paris via North Bridgton and Harrison : and daily to Naples and Raymond via Portland stage. Established as money-order office, 18G9 ; international office, 1877. The other post-offices are North and South Bridgton, and Sand Creek. SANDY CREEK, formerly known as " Pinhook," contains 25 dwell- ings, a school-house, church, a store, and the saw- and shingle-mill of A. G. Berry & Son, established 1864, on the site of the old town mill, the grist-mill of D. P. Chaplin, built in 1853, a smith- and paint-shop, and has a resident lawyer and physician. The post-office was opened in April, 1879, — T. E. Lang, postmaster. INCORPORATION. Bridgton was incorporated as a town Feb. 7, 1794. The first town-meeting was held on the 18th of March of the same year. Enoch Perlcy was chosen Moderator ; Isaiah Ingalls, Town Clerk ; Phincas Ingalls, Treasurer ; Robert Andrews, James Flint, and Joseph Sears, Selectmen ; Samuel Farnsworth, Enoch Perley, and Joseph Sears, School Committee; Samuel Kimball, Ephraim Jewctt, and David Halo, Field-Drivers ; James Flint, Samuel Farns- worth, and David Hale, Tything-Men ; William Oliver and Timothy Gates, Deer-Reeves ; and Reuben Ingalls, Samuel Davis, and Asael Foster, Hog-Reeves. For that year the town raised the sum of £1 00 for the repair of high- ways ; £30 to defray town charges, and £18 for the support of schools. There were 41 votes cast at this election. In August of that year it was voted that the town pay drafted soldiers enough to make their pay up to $8 per month. SELECTMEN. 1794. — Robert Andrews, Jnmcs Flint, Joseph Scars. 1796. — Enoch Perley, Sainiicl I'arnsworlh, David Ulnrk. 1796. — Robert Andrews, David Clark, Samuel Farnsworth. 1797. — Daniel Perley, .Samuel Farnsworth, Benjamin Kimball, Jr. 1798.— Samuel Farnsworth, Robert Andrews, Israel Kimball. 1799. — igamucl Farnsworth, Robert Andrews, James Flint. 1800.— Samuel Farnsworth, Enoch Perley, David Clark. 1801. — Enoch Perley, Benjamin Kimball, Isaiah Ingalls. 1802.— Phincas Ingalls, John Kilborn, Samuel Andrews. 1803.— Benjamin Kimball, John Perley, Jusc|ih Scar.s. lSOI-0. — Robert .\ndrcws, Joseph Sears, I'enjaniin Kimball. 1806. — Phincas Ingalls, Joseph Sears, Benjamin Kimball. IMiir.— KoMfli I'crlry, .loscph Sears, Benjamin Kimliull. 1808. — Phincas Ingalls, John Kilborn, Benjamin Kimball. 1809.— Enoch Perley, Josej.h Sears, Benjamin Kimball. ISIO.— Phincas Ingalls, Samuel Davis, Benjamin Kimball. 1811-12.— Phincas Ingalls, John Kilborn, Jedediah Kimball. 181.3. — Josiah Ingalls, John Kilborn, Samuel Andrews. 1SI4. — .John Perley, Maj. George Lewis, .Jonathan Barnard. 1815. — Phineas Ingalls, Israel Kimball, Nathaniel Howe. 1810. — Phineas Ingalls, John Kilborn, Israel Kimball. 1817. — Phineas Ingalls, John Perley, Jonathan Barnard. 1818-20.— Phineas Ingalls, John Perley, Jedediah Kimball. 1821-22.-^ John Perley, John WiUett, Saranel Farnsworth. 1821!. — Phineas Ingalls, Jedediah Kimball, John Kilborn. 1824. — John Perley, Bennett Pike, Stephen Beeraiin. 1825.- Bennett Pike, John Perley, George W. Cushman. 1826.— Bennett Pike, Thomas Perley, George W. Cushman. 1827. — Bennett Pike, Thomas Perley, Samuel Farnsworth,* John Willett. 1828.— Theodore Ingalls, John Willett, Richard G. Bailey. 1829-31.— Theodore Ingalls, Asa Ingalls (2d), George W. Cushman. 1832-33.- Nathaniel S. Litllclield, Asa Ingalls (2d), George W. Cushman. 1834.- Nathan S. Liltlcficld, David Fowler, Asahel Cram. 1835.— Nathan S. Littlefield, Asa Ingalls (2d), George W. Cushman. 1830.- George AV. Cushman, Asa Ingalls (2d), Richard T. Smith. 1837.- Theodore Ingalls, Asa Ingalls (2d), George W. Cushman. 1838. — Theodore Ingalls, Thomas Cleaves, Jacob Hazen, Jr. 1839. — Moody F. Walker, Jacob Hazen, Jr., Thomas Cleaves. 1840-41.— Theodore Ingalls, Thomas Cleaves, William Potter. 1842.— Moody F. Walker, William Potter, Asa Ingalls, Jr. 1843.— Moody F. Walker, Osborn Chaplin, J.aoob Hazen, Jr. 1844. — Theodore Ingalls, Jacob Hazen, Moses Stickney. 1845.— Theodore Ingalls, Asa Ingalls, Luke Brown. 1846. — Theodore Ingalls, Jacob Hazen, Edward T. Alley. 1847.— Jacob Hazen, Edward T. Alley, Reuben Ball. 1848.— Jiicob Hazen, Edward T. Alley, Franklin Gibbs. 1849.- Jacob Hazen, Edward T. Alloy, Reuben Ball. 1850.— Thomas Cleaves, Reuben Ball, James Webb. 1851.— Thomas Cleaves, Richard Kimball, Caleb Stevens. 1852-53.— Nathaniel S. Littlefield, John Kilborn, Jacob Hazen. 1854. — Luke Brown, William W. Cross, Edmund Mayo. 1855-56. — Samuel Andrews (2d), John Kilborn, Aaron Brigham. 1857. — Samuel Andrews (2d), Charles G. Thorp, Darwin Ingalls. 1858.— Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Charles G. Thorp, Darwin lugalls. 1859.— Luther Billings, Jacob Chaplin, John Kilborn. I860.— Luther Billing.s, Caleb A. Chaplin, Isaac Webb. 1861.— Caleb A. Chaplin, Thomas Cleaves, Isaac Webb. 1862.- Thomas Cleaves, Jacob Hazen, George E. Mead. 1803.— Nathaniel S. Littlefield, John F. Potter, Hugh Bennett. 1864-65.- Lot C. Nelson, John P. Perley, George E. Chadbourne. 1866.— George E. Chadbourne, Edwin F. Fessenden, Benjamin C. Stone. 1867. — George E. Chadbourne, Francis B. Caswell, Edwin F. Fessen- den. 1868-70.— George E. Chadbourne, Ephraim R. Brown, William F. Fessenden. 1871.— George E. Chadbourne, Ashabel Chii]ilin, Frederick J. Little- field. 1872-73.— Edwin F. Fessenden, Byron Kimball, Isaiah S. Webb. 1874. — Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Jacob Hazen, Darwin Ingalls. 1875-76.— Benjamin C. Stone, Edwin Ingalls, William F. Fessenden. 1877.— Edwin Ingalls, William F. Fessenden, George G. Wight. ; 1878.- William F. Fessenden, Edwin Ingalls, George tt. AVight. 1879.- Edwin Ingalls, William F. Fessenden, William Leavitt. TOWN CLERKS. Josiah Ing.alls, 1794; Dr. Samuel Farnsworth, 1795-1800; Joseph Burnham, 1801-3; Samuel Farnsworth, 1804-17; Theodore In- galls,* 1817; Dr. Theodore Ingalls, 1818-32; Nathaniel S. Little- field, 1832-35; Di.\ey Stone, 1836-37; Moody F. Walker, 1838- 42: Dixey Stone, 1843; John P. Davis, 1844; Samuel Andrews (2d), 1845-49; Samuel Mason, 1850-51; Samuel Andrews (2d), 1852; Nathaniel S. Littlefield, 1853; Samuel Mason, IS54; Samuel Andrews (2d), 1855; William T. Kilborn, 1856-58; Lcod- » To fill vaeaney. Photo, by Cooaut, Portlaod. ^C-^-2-t-^^ ^ '^..^AS. BE^iiD^jlS^ i)i J^.ji]£S J3. yJEBB, .lifl.D., IBn]B@7^?J, .■„, DARWIN INGALI.S. Photos, by Burry, Bridgtoii. DAEWIN INGALLS. ASA INGALLS. EtlmoiKl InguUs, emigrant of the Ingalls family, born in Lincolnsliire, England, came to Lynn, Mass., in 1629, and was accidentally drowned in the Sangns River in 1648. His brother Francis accompanied him to tills conntry, was a tanner by trade, and is said to have erected the first tannery in America. The grandfather of Darwin Ingalls, Phincas In- galls, was sixth in descent from Edmond Ingalls. He was born in Andover, Mass., Nov. 14, 1758, w:is a soldier in the llevolntionary war, and in 1781 set- tled in Bridgton, on the farm now in possession of his great-grandson. He held the various town offices, was a representative in the Legislatnre of Massachn- setts, a member of the convention that framed the constitution of Maine, a member of the first Legis- lature of Maine, and a member of the first Court of Sessions, which last office he held until debarred by age. He died Jan. 5, 1844. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Stevens, of Andover, Mass., born Nov. 19, 1764, and married Oct. 22, 1783. Asa, father of the subject of this narrative, born Jan. 14, 1787, in Bridgton, married June 26, 1816, Phoebe, daughter of Elias and Jane (Stiles) Beny. Her jjarents were natives of Massachusetts, but set- tled in Denmark, Oxford Co., Me., about tiie year 1800. She was born at Andover, March 4, 1792. Asa Ingalls was a farmer and lumberman by occupation. He was an active member of tiie Dem- ocratic party, held various offices in his town, and was a representative in the State Legislature. He was a member of the Congregational Ciiurcii. He died Feb. 19, 1852. His wife died Aug. 31, 1864. Darwin Ingalls, born in Bridgton, July 11, 1822, married May 31, 1852, Mary J., daughter of James and Huldali (Beny) Patrick, of Denmark. She was born May 2, 1834. Mr. Ingalls spent his boyhood at home on the farm, and received a fair common- school education. His business through life hiis been farming and lumbei'ing, being largely interested in AVestern lumber lands. Like his ancestors, lie is an unswerving member of the Democratic party. He was representative from Bridgton in the State Legislature in 1857 and 1858, has been selectman, and also held various other offices in his town. He resides on the old homestead, settled by his grandfather nearly a cen- tury ago. His children arc Aldana, George A., and Albert A. TOWN OF BRIDGTON. 223 ard M. Burnham, 1859 ; Lot C. Nelson, 1860-61 ; S. M. Harmon, 1862; Samuel M. Haydcn, 1863; Jamos R. Adams, 1364; Slier- burn M. Harmon, 1865-66; George C. Wight, 1867-70; Robert A. Cleaves, 1871; Benjamin C. Stone, 1873-71; Perlcy P. Burn- ham, 1875-78; Mcllen Plummer, 187'J. TREASURERS. Phineas Ingalls, 1794-96; Capt. William Lcars, 1797; Enoch Perlcy, 1798; Joseph Sears, 1799-1800; Robert Andrews, 1801-2; Enoch Perlcy, 1803; Samuel Andrews, 1804; Samuel Farnsworth, 1805; Josiah Ingalls, 1806; Robert Andrews, 1807-9; John Perley, 1810; Samuel Andrews, 1811-14; Seba Smith, 1815; Samuel Andrews, 1816; Nathaniel Howe, 1817-20 ; Bennett Pike, 1821- 23; Theodore Ingalls, 1824-25; Bennett Pike, 1826-27; Dixey Stone,* 1827; Dixey Stone, 1828; Nathaniel S. Littlefield, 1829- 32; Theodore Ingalls, 1833-35; Richard Davis, 1836 ; Theodore Ingalls, 1837-43; Franklin Gibbs, 1844; Benjamin Walker, 1845; Reuben Ball, 1846-48; Sewcll C. Strout, 1849-50; S. C. Strout, 1851; Nathaniel S. Littlefield, 1852-53; Benjamin Wal- ker, 1854; Nathaniel S. Littlefield, 1855-57; Alvin Davis, 1858; Lot C. Nelson, 1859; Nathan Cleaves, 1860-61; Benjamin C. C. Stone, 1862; Alvin Davis, 1863; William W. Cross, 1864; Nathaniel Pease, 1865-66; AVilliam F. Fessenden,* IS66 ; Augus- tus Perlcy, 1867-68; John P. Perley, 1869-70; Jacob Frost, 1871; Perley P. Burnham, 1872; William F. Fessenden, 1873; Richard II. Davis, 1874; Edwin F. Fessenden, 1875-76; Wm. F. Perry, 1877; John H. Caswell, 1878-79. COLLECTORS AND CONSTABLES. Asael Foster, Ephraim Jewett,* 1794; Ezra Gibbs, 1795; Benjamin Kimball, Jr., 1796 ; David Hale, 1797-1800 ; Joseph Sears, 1801-4-; Abner Dodge, Jr., 1805-6 ; James Stevens, .Tr., James Emerson, cons., 1807; James Emerson, 1808; Reuben Ingalls, 1809; John Kilborn, 1810 ; Joseph Sears, 181 1 ; James Emerson, 1812 ; Benja- min Kimball, 1813-16; Reuben Ingalls, 1817-18; Ebenezer H. Seribner, 1819; Benjamin Kimball, 1820-21; James Emerson, 1822; David Fowler, 1823-25; Col. David Potter, 1826; George W. Whitney, 1827-28; Benjamin Walker, 1829-31; Thomas Cleaves, cons, and coll., Benjamin Walker, cons., 1832 ; Thomas Cleaves, 1833 ; Rufus Gibbs, 1834-36; Reuben Ball, 1837; Rufus Gibbs, 1838; David Fowler, 1839; Nathaniel Pe:i3e, 1840 ; Levi W. Holmes, Franklin Gibbs,« 1841 ; Franklin Gibbs, 1842-43 ; Charles G. Thorp, 1844; John F. Potter, 1845; Franklin Gibbs, 1846; Richard K. Hunt, 1847-50; Nathan F. Sawyer, 1851; Nathaniel Pease, 1852 ; Leonard M. Burnham, 1853 ; Edward L. 0. Adams, 1854; Russell Lamson, 1855-56; George Hall, 1857- 58; John Kilborn, Jr., 1859-60; William F. Fessenden, 1861-62; Edward Bennett, 1863; William F. Fessenden, 1864-70; John F. Potter, 1871-75; Greenleaf T. Marriner, 1876; Benjamin F. Milliken, 1877; William A. Morrison, 1878; Charles B. Gibbs, 1879. RELIGIOUS. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. The early history of this churcli is closely connected with the hi.story of the settlement of Bridgton. In the year 1765 the Legislature of Massachusetts confirmed the original grant made to the proprietors of the land, upon condition " that they should build a house for public wor- ship, settle a learned Protestant minister, and lay out one sixty-fourth part of the township for the use of the first settled minister, and one other sixty-fourth part for the sup- port of the ministry." Owing to unforeseen obstacles the settlement did not advance as rapidly as was anticipated, and not having the means, they were unable for many years to comply with these requirements. They had, however, almost from the * To fill vacancy. commencement of the scttloment, cmplo}-ed a preacher some part of each year, goticrally from three to five or six months. On the 2C!th of August, 1784, the church w;is organized by Rev. William John.son, pastor of the church in Fryeburg, under the title of the " First Congregational Church," with 6 male members, to whom were immediately added 1 1 others, • — 6 by letter and 5 on profession, — making 17 in all, — 10 males and 7 females. Of this number were Jacob Stevens and wife, Jesse Knajip, John I'eabody and wife, Reuben Burnham and wife, Enoch Perley and wife, James Stevens, Submit Knapp, and Rachel Hale. Reuben Burnam wiis chosen deacon, and dying in 1785, John Peabody was made deacon instead. Huldah, wife of Capt. Bcnj. Kimball, Phineas Ingalls and wife, Jacob Howe and wife joined previous to 1790. In 1788 the proprietors united with the church in a call to Mr. Nathan Church, a native of South Hadley, educated at Dartmouth College, to become their minister. He came to Bridgton in 1788, and became the first settled minister on the 17th of June, 1789. Mr. Church was supported by the proprietors till the town was incorporated in 1794, when the inhabitants of the town voted to receive him as their minister, and take upon themselves the same obliga- tions that the proprietors were then under with regard to the payment of his annual salary. The first meeting-house was built on the ministerial lot opposite the present cemetery, and was first occupied Octo- ber, 1791. In 1792 a front porch was added, and in 1797 it came into possession of the town in a still unfinished state, and was then finished by contract. From this time and for many years it served the twofold purpose of a church and town-house. In the year 1827 the Rev. Mr. Church retired from his pulpit ministrations on account of age and infirmity, and was succeeded by Mr. Daniel Newell, who was ordained and installed on the 24th of October of the same year, and at his own request was dismissed in April, 1830. Rev. Caleb F. Page was installed pastor on the 23d of October, 1833, remaining until the 26th of March, 1850. In 1834 the old meeting-house was given up to the use of the town, and the second house of woi-ship was built by N. S. Littlefield, John Kilborn, and Rufus Gibbs, com- mittee, upon the site of the present house. The bell was presented by Richard Davis. Rev. Josiah T. Hawcs was installed on the llih of Feb- ruary, 1851, and was dismissed May 10, 1865. Rev. Franklin E. Fellows was installed on the 4th of January, 1866, and was dismis.sed Dec. 8, 1868. Mr. Edward P. Wilson was engaged as stated supply on the 1st of Septem- ber, 1869, ordained Jan. 26, 1871, and closed his labors July 1, 1872. On the 1st of June, the work on the present edifice was commenced by the parish, and on the 26th of January, 1871, it was dedicated with appropriate services by Rev. E. P. Wilson. John T. Ilea commenced his labors as stated supply in February, and was ordained Aug. 8, 1873. He was suc- ceeded in 1876 by Rev. Henry 15. Carpenter. In 1874 this church followed the example of some of 224 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. the most prominent Congregational Churches in admitting the riglit of its female members to vote on all (|uestions of church business, antl also in reviving the primitive office of deaconess. This society has a fund of $2800, the interest of which is expended for the support of the ministry. One thousand dollars of this sum was a donation from Lieut. Robt. An- drews, and the remainder arose from the sale of the minis- terial lands, consisting of lots No. Ct, range 15, No. 1, range 28, No. 1, range 29, in the first division, and No. 23, range 1, in the second division, which were sold April 29, 1799. Board of Officers. — Pastor, Oscar A. Rogers, from 1878 ; Deacons, Nathaniel Potter, Lewis M. Libby, Lewis Smith ; Deaconesses, Mrs. Alvin Dennett, Mrs. Augustus Perley, Mrs. George Rounds ; Standing Committee, the pastor and officers ex officio, Joseph Ingalls, Edwin Ingalls, Ed. Lewis ; Clerk and Treasurer, John H. Caswell ; Sunday-school Superintendent, Lewis Smith. The membership is 140. There were attempts made by the Baptists to be separated from the established church in 1794, but their efforts not being successful, the church was not founded until 1807. Rev. Ebenezer Bray, an evangelist, who had been an occa- sional preacher in Bridgton, called a council, which met Oct. 24, 1807, and organized a church consisting of Seba Smith, who was made clerk ; Nicholas Bray, Jr., first deacon ; Mrs. Bray, Miss Ellie Bray, Noah Stiles and wife, James Flint, and Miss Hannah Scribner. The next day Miss Hannah Andrews was admitted by baptism. The name adopted was " Harrison and Bridgton Particular Baptist Church." From 1807 to 1812 it increased to 30 members. The church was released from paying to support the old church in 1812, and a revival added largely to their numbers, enabling them to erect a house of worship in 1815. In 1832 it was rebuilt and greatly enlarged, receiving an addi- tion of a bell after a revival conducted by Rev. William Wyman. In 1827 the Harrison Church established sepa- rately, and in 1833 another church at Sweden, both from members of this church. In 1838-39, a large number left the parent church to organize on a more liberal basis as Free Baptists. The old members clung to the belief of their fathers, and were enabled to build a new meeting- house in 1853, but receiving but little support from the younger people, gradually faded into the past, until there are left but three living members, — the aged pastor. Rev. Jacob Bray, Mrs. Bray, and Mrs. Beeman, formerly Miss Charlotte Burnham. The clerks have been Seba Smith, Reuben Ball, Rufus Chase, James Jordan, John Burbank, Benjamin Hews, Rev. Jacob Bray. Deacons, Nicholas Bray, Jr., Seba Smith, William Hazen, Simeon Burnham, Jacob Ellsworth, Jonathan Houghton, John Burbank, James Libby, Isaac Davis. The pastors have been Na- thaniel Bray, 1805-12; Reuben Ball, to 1826; John Haines, 1827 ; William AVyman, 1828-31 ; Reuben Milner, 1832; William 0. Grant, 1834-35; Larkin S. Jordan, 183G; Jacob Bray, 1837-40; Leander H. Tripp, 1841- 42; Amos B. Pendleton, 1849-55; Abram Snyder, 1858- 59. Rev. Reuben Ball died at this charge in 1827. Nicholas Bray, Jacob Bray, Daniel E. Burbank, Rufus Chase, Edmund Wat.son, and Josiah Houghton, all Baptist preachers, began their ministerial lives in this church. Rev. Jacob Bray is trustee and clerk in charge of the property. SOUTH BRIDOTON PARISH. June 30, 1825, the citizens of South Bridgton united in building a meeting-house which should be free for the use of all ministers in good standing. John Perley, A.sa In- galls (2d), and Francis Foster were the building committee. It was built near the school-house, opposite the new church, and dedicated Nov. 15, 1826, by Rev. Valentine Little, of Lovell, Me. The labor account shows, among the subse- quent temperance reformers, the following items : " A.sahel Cram furnishes 1 gallon of gin ; Jonathan Fessenden, 2 quarts of rum ; Enoch Perley, spirits, 40 cents." Under the labors of Rev. Mr. Fessenden a temperance work was begun, which resulted in the present temperate character of their descendants. The church was formed Dec. 30, 1829, by Enoch Perley and wife, Phineas Ingalls and wife, John Peabody, Betsey Burnham, and Lucinda Mead, members at Bridgton, who had apiplied for a dismission November 29th ; Jonathan Fes.sendcn, a member at Frye- burg, and John Perley and Almira Ingalls, new members. Enoch Perley died December Gth. A second petition was refused by the pastors on the 16th, and an ex parte council called ; Rev. Jonathan Fessenden was chosen moderator, and Rev. Carlton Hurd scribe. Three other ministers were present. After communicating with the church at Bridg- ton, the church was organized, and John Peabody ordained deacon. A donation of $1000 each by Enoch Perley and Lieut. Robert Andrews had been previously made to the Bridgton Church to revert to South Bridgton Parish on the settlement of a minister. Thomas Perley, of Boxford, Ma,ss., presented $645, and on his death-bed Enoch Perley paid to his sons a sufficient sum to make, with $2000 be- queated in his will, a fund of $5000 for the support of the mini.stry in this parish. Rev. J. Fessenden was pastor from 1830 to his death, in 1861. He sleeps in the Lakeside Cemetery, beneath an altar surmounted by an open book, surrounded by his fol- lowers. Rev. S. G. Nareross remained one year. Rev. B. F. Manwell was installed October, 1862; dismissed 1868. Rev. Addison Blanchard, installed June, 1868 ; dismissed November, 1872. J. W. Brown ville, installed December, 1873; dismissed November, 1877. Holland G. Fry, in- stalled 1877; resigned June, 1869. Present membership, 84. Deacons, Israel P. Peabody, Henry E. Warren, Noah Sawyer, Thomas P. Kimball. Trustees of Fund, S. F. Perley, John P. Perley, Israel G. Hale, Wm. F. Fessenden, Joash 0. Knapp. A Gothic building of elegant design was erected by S. F. Peiley, John P. Perley, Darwin Ingalls, Edwin Fessenden, and A. J. Murch, committee, at an ex- pen.se of $10,000, and dedicated, July 14, 1871, by Rev. M. Barbour, D.D., of Bangor, assisted by Rev. Mr. Ting- ley, of Brownsfield, and Rev. E. P. Wilson, of Bridgton. THE NOIITU BRIDGTON CHURCH AND PARISH were formed Nov. 15, 1832. The members were Stephen Beeman and wife, Aaron Beeman and wife, Aaron Beeman, Jr., Ezra Gould and wife, and Moses Gould, members of First Bridgton Parish, and three new members. Stephen RUFUS G/BBS Rt;iiDLN(jL. d MiiLs or RUrUS GIBBS. BRIOGTON, ME. I'lioto. Uy Lnnisun, Poitliiiid WILMAM F. PKRRY. iEOROE TAYLOR. WILLIA.M V. PERRY was born in the town of Bridgton, Cumberland Co., Me., Feb. 1, 1826. He reeeived a good common-school education, and learned the blacksmith's trade from his father, with whoin be remained until he reached his majority. In 1847 he established himself in business and carried on blaeksmithing for four years. Ho then engaged in the manu- facture of carriages, which business he followed for four years. In the year 1861 he purchased the water-power and com- menced building what is now known as the Forest Mills. In the fall of 1862 he formed a copartnership with Mr. George Taylor, and commenced the manufacture of woolen goods, under the firra-namo of Taylor & Perry. They carried on a prosperous business until Nov. 1, 1878, when the death of Mr. Taylor occurred. A stock company was immediately formed and styled "Forest Mills Company." Mr. Perry is also the largest stockholder in the Pondicherry Mills and one of its directors. Since President Pierce's administration he has adhered strictly to tlie principles of the Republican party, has held the oflSce of treasurer in his town, and served in the years 1872-73 in the Legislature. He is not a member of any church, but a supporter of the Congregational society. He married, in 1859, Ann Maria, daughter nf Hufus Gibbs ; the result of this union is one daughter, Ida G. Mr. Perry's success in life is due to his own exertions. He is very thorough in whatever he undertakes, and is especially interested in doing all he can to promote the social and edu- cational interests of the community in which he lives. He pcssesses a genial and generous disposition, and throughout his life has been governed by principles of honor and integrity. GEOIKJE TAYLOll was born near Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Enghmd, March 23, 1823. From chililbood to the day of his death he had been engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods, " a born manu- facturer," and he everywhere enjoyed the reputation of stand- ing at the head of his profe.ssion, possessing excellent taste and rare mechanical skill. In !March, 1848, he came to America. Was employed in the mills at Amesbury, Lawrence, and other places in Massachu- setts; at Woonsocket, R. I.; thence to Dexter, Me., where for seven years he was superintendent of the woolen-mills, and in the fall of 1862, at the instance of Mr. William F. Perry, the surviving partner, he came to Bridgton and formeBAmV, §(£)y¥Kl [BROD©/^uJ, li.J-iJUJlS. TOWN OF BRIDGTON. 229 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. COL. JOHN P. PERLEY is a dcsceiidaDt of one of tlie oldest families in America. His ancestor, Allen Perley, was a native of Wales, and emigrated to New J]ngland, arriving at Cliarlestown, Mass., July 12, 1G80. From thence he removed, in 1G34, to Ipswich, and the year following married Susanna Bokeson, by whom he had four sons, viz., John, Samuel, Thomas, and Timothy. The third son represented the second gen- eration in direct descent of our subject. He had two sons, — Thomas and Jacob, — the elder of whom was the third generation. His family consisted of three sons, — Thomas, Allen, and Asa, the oldest of whom was the fourth gener- ation ; and his family embraced five sons, — Isaiah, Oliver, Thomas, Enoch, and Aaron, of whom Enoch was the grand- father of Col. John P. Perley, who was born at Boxford, Mass., May 18, 1749, and became a resident of Bridgton in 1776, settling in the southern part of the town, on the place now owned and occupied by his grandson, 'Squire Perley. He was a man of strong nativ.e intellect, ready tact, and uncommon sagacity. He held many of the most important offices in the town, and was for many years an acting magistrate, and became extensively known as a man of intelligence and superior business capacity. He was a strict utilitarian, for whatever his hand touched was always turned to some practical account. By extraordinary fore- cast and untiring industry he accumulated a large estate. He was a man of active benevolence, and was noted for his public gifts for the support of religion. He was married to Miss Annie Flint, who was born July 2G, 1753. Their family consisted of two sons, viz., John and Thomas, and three daughters, — Rebecca, Nancy, and Huldah. This worthy man died Dec. 23, 1829; his wife's death occurred April 15, 1823. The homestead was inherited by John, who was born Jan. 5, 1779, in Bridgton. He was a prac- tical surveyor by profession, and was for years connected with the State militia, and at the time of liis resignation held the rank of brigadier-general. He was married to Miss Sarah Treadvvell, of Groton, Mass. She was born Aug. 2G, 1782. They had a family of three boys and five girls, only four of whom are now living, viz., Mary M., widow of Rens.selaer Cram, and resides in Portland ; Au- gustus, a resident of Bridgton Centre; John P., and Sarah, wife of Marsliall Cram, of Brunswick, Me. Gen. Perley died May 13, 1841 ; his wife died Sept. 30, 18G0. John P. was born on tiie old homestead, July 31, 1815. He has always been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He is a Republican in politics, and has held luany positions of trust and honor in liis town. He was a member of the State Legislature of 1861, '62, '65. In his early lifehe wascon- nected with the State militia, from which he retired with the rank of colonel. He is also a trustee of the Bridgton Acad- emy. He was married June 25, 1840. to Clarissa, daughter of Asa and Phoebe (Berry) Ingalls, of Bridgton. She was boru May 27, 1817. They have no off"spiing. They are both active and energetic members of the Congregational Church of Bridgton. Col. Perley resides on the old home- stead of his father, and, although over threescore years of age, he still retains the activity of early manhood. ISRAEL P. PEABODY. Lieut. Francis Peabody, of St. Albans, Hertford.shire, England, born in 1G14, came to New England in the ship "Planter," in 1G35. lie first resided at Ipswich, and in the summer of 1G38 became one of the original settlers of Hampton, Ma.ss. He, in 1681, became a resident of Tops- field. He married Mary Foster. His death occurred Feb. 19, 1697. His wife died April 9, 1705. ISRAEL P. PEABODY. The lineage is traced thrcmgh his progeny as follows: giving one in each generation, and beginning with his .son, who was third in a family of twelve children (William, born 1646; John, born Ang. 1, 1695; John, born Aug. 20, 1732; John, Nov. 2, 1766; Israel P., subject of this sketch). John Peabody, grandfather of Israel P., was a lieutenant in the Provincial army at the taking of Ticon- deroga by the French, in 1759, was at the siege and capture of Louisbourg, in 1758, was captain of a militia company that marched from Andover on the news of the battle of Bunker Hill. He removed to Bridgton, Me., in the winter of 1783-84. He was known as a man of integrity, good intellect, and ready wit, and was one of the deacons of the First Congregational Church. He died June 12, 1820. His wife was Mary Perley, the mother of ten children ; she died July 15, 1824. His father, John, married Ascnath Stevens, in 1794. He was also a deacon in the Congregalional Cliarch, and died May 13, 1838. His wife died"^ April 19, 1840. They had eleven children, of whom Israel P. is ninth child, born in the town of Bridgton, April 24, 1810; married Oct. 23, 1834, Rebecca, daughter of Francis and Polly (Wilson) Foster, of Bridgton. She was born June 19, 1811. Mr. Peabody has always been engjiged in agricultural pursuits, and resided upon the farm settled by his grand- father. He is a promoter of good society, and has been a member of the Congregational Church since he was sixteen years of age. Politically, he is a member of the Republican 230 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. party. Their children are Mary A. (deceased) ; Mrs. Aloiizo C. Ciiapin, of Cape Elizabeth ; Mrs. A. Cliapiri, of Portland ; Mrs. Appletou D. Hill, of Naples ; Mrs. Alonzo E. Quinn, of Portland ; Mrs. Daniel F. Johnson, of Portland ; Francis E. (deceased) ; Mrs. Wallace W. Hatch, of Cape Elizabeth ; and Charles E. LUKE BROWN. The Brown family wa.s first settled in America at Water- town, Mass., in the years 1030-31, by two brothers, Abra- ham and Joseph, from Surrey, England. Their descendants remained for years in the eastern part of Massachusetts. Joshua, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of that State, and removed in early life to Stowe, Mass. I.I;KE BRilWN. He was a man of sterling qualities, and was captain in the American army during the Revolutionary war, was present at the battle of Bunker Hill, and was the last man to leave the fort before its occupation by the British forces. He reared a large family of children, of whotn Obededom, the father of our subject, was the second son. This old soldier died at Stowe about the year 1815, at the age of seventy-four. Obededom was born at Stowe, Mass., May, 1782. He was married to Betsey Walcott, of Bolton, Mass. He re- moved to Livermore, Me., in 1820, where he died Dec. 15, 1839. His wife died at North Bridgton, Jan. 2, 1843, aged fifty-six years. By his marriage he became the father of ten children, viz, Susan, Luke, Obededom, Charles W., Betsey, Mary Ann, Lydia Augusta, George, Martha Pit- man, and Samuel B. W., five of whom are now living. Luke, our subject, was born in Bolton, Mass., Aug. 23, 1807. His father being a carpenter, he was apprenticed to the same trade. He removed to Livermore with his father, where he remained four years ; he then went to Boston, where he commenced business for himself as a carpenter, and where he resided till 1840. His educational advantages were limited. He is a life member of the Mas.sa- chu.setts Charitable and Mechanics' Association, which he joined Oct. 26, 1829. In 1810 he removed to Bridgton, where he engaged in the manufacture of furniture, which he conducted till 1878, manufacturing his wares from the native log, and shipping his products to domestic and foreign ports. He was also engaged in the general merchandise trade. He was married April 9, 1829, to Sophronia, daughter of Nathan H. and Ruth (Foster) Bartlett, of Boston, where she was born July 23, 1808. By this union he had eight children, three of whom are living, — George H., born April 9, 1830, and is engaged in the manufacture of furniture at Bridgton ; Cornelia M., born Jan. 5, 1846, and is the wife of Charles W. Hill, of Bridg- ton ; Freeman H., born Dee. 5, 1849, and is a manufacturer of furniture at his father's old stand. His wife died May 15, 1871. He afterwards was married, Sept. 16, 1872, to Lizzie, daughter of James and Sarah (Proctor) Jordan, of Waterford, Me. ; she was born at that place. In polities he was originally a Democrat, but on the nomination of Franklin Pierce for President of the United States, being opposed to the extension of slavery, he joined the Free- Soilers, and afterwards, on the organization of the Republican party, was one of its foremost promoters in the State. He has held the office of chairman of selectmen, and other town offices ; represented his district in the State Legislature of 1855, being the first Republican legislator elected from his town. He was also a member of the State Senate of 1807-68. Is an active supporter of religion, being con- nected with the Congregational Church of North Bridgton, and has been a member of a religious organization since 1827, and has been deacon of the church most of the time of his residence in the town. He has, since 1843, been one of the trustees of the Bridgton Academy. Mr. Brown has retired from active business, having delegated to his sons the responsibility of maintaining the honor and credit of an enterprise of which he was the father, and which has been a source of revenue and prosperity to the town of Bridgton. P. P. BURNHAM, son of George and Plorilla Burnham, natives of Gilead, Me., was born in Gilead, Oxford Co., June 26,1845. He re- ceived his education in the common school at home, in Gould's Academy, at Bethel, and at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. In 1803 he went to Portland, and was a clerk in the dry- goods house of R. A. Chapman until 18(i7, when he became a clerk for Deering, Milliken & Co., jobbers of dry goods. In 1869 he became a member of the firm of Davis, Stevens & Co., of Bridgton, and upon the dissolution of that firm, in 1876, he commenced business alone in the same building formerly occupied by the firm of which he was a member. He was elected treasurer of the Bridgton Savings Bank in 1872, which position he resigned in February, 1879, and was elected one of the trustees of that bank. He is one of the substantial business men of Bridgton, and a promoter of all worthy local enterprises. He married, Aug. 29, Residence; or P. P. BURNHAM, Bridgton, Maine Residence OF ALBERT F.RICHARDSON, Bridgton, Me CJl . (i . Ud o.\^y\ aA.A Photo, liy L. M. Berry, Bridgton. Daniel, tlie grandfather of this gentleman, wtis born at Andover, Mass., Jan. 20, 1758. He was the youngest of seven sons who, with their father, were all soldiers in the Revolutionary war. In 1781 he came to Bridgton, and settled on the same farm now owned and occupied by his grandson. He married Ruth Andrews, a native of Boxford, Mass., she being born in the year 1764. Their family consisted of three sons and three daughters. The sons' names were Putnam, Daniel, and John. He died April 6, 1832, and his wife Dec. 8, 1837. Daniel, the father of R. A. Barnard, was born in Bridgton, June 18, 1798. He turned his attention during his life to the improvement and tilling of the soil. He was married, Nov. 3, 1833, to Keziah, daughter of Joseph and Martha (Jordan) Dinglcy. She was born in Qlsco, Cumberland Co., Me., Aug. 6, 1811. By his marriage he became the father of a .son and daughter; the latter died in childhood. He was a mend)er of the old Whig party, and held the rank of captain in the State militia. He was a man of strict integrity and honest worth, and at his death, which occurred June 19, 1854, he was deeply mourned by friends and neighbors. Robert A., the only son of this worthy couple, was born on the old homestead, March 22, 1840; lie was reared to agricultural pursuits, and has re- mained on the old farm all his life, excepting six years he spent in California engaged in sheep- raising. He has had the advantages of only a CO mm on -school education. He was married, Nov. 26, 1872, to Annette, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Fessenden) Farnham, of Bridgton, where she was born Dec. 1, 1849. They have but one child, Evelyn F., born July 3, 1876. He is a Republican in politics, but was never an office- seeker. Mr. Jiarnard is engaged at present in farming, and is one of the town's most enterprising citizens. He devotes his means liberally to re- ligious and charitable purposes, and is proud that he resides on the farm which h;us been in posses- sion of the family for three generations. TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 231 1874, Helen M., daughter of Capt. Nicholas, of Scarsport, Me. They have an only daughter, Edith, born May 15, 1875. RUFUS GIBBS, son of Alpheus and Abigail (Wheeler) Gibbs, was born in the town of Bridgton, Cumberland Co., Me., Aug. 26, 1800. He attended the district schools during his boy- hood, and there obtained the rudiments of an education, which subsequent self-study and observation largely aug- mented. At the age of fourteen, on account of the death of his father, he embarked in the pursuits of life for him- self. He engaged with John Porley, with whom he re- mained seven years, during which time he worked mostly at tanning, and the remainder of the time upon the farm. Upon reaching his majority he established himself in busi- ness in the village of Bridgton, as a tanner and leather merchant, and was also quite largely engaged in land spec- ulation. This business he continued until about the year 1840, when he gave his entire attention to lumbering until the fall of 1855, when he commenced the building of the large " blanket-mill," which was completed and in opera- tion the following April. Mr. Gibbs, in connection with his sons, was in business successfully until 1877, when he retired. In politics he has always been a Republican, and has never missed a presidential or State election. He never sought political preferment. Although often urged to accept different nominations, he always declined the flattering honor upon business considerations, until in 1878 he gave way to the urgent solicitations of his party, and accepted the nomination for representative. He was elected by a large majority, and served one term with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. Mr. Gibbs is an active member of the Congregational Church, contributing largely to its benevolent and missionary enterprises. In 1825 he married Adeline, daughter of Joseph Sears. Of this union were born seven children. Four sons and one daughter are living, — Edward A., Ann Maria, wife of William F. Perry, Chai-les E., John S., and Horace I. Mr. Gibbs is one of Bridgton's most honored and substantial citizens. ALBERT F. RICHARDSON, son of Mark Richardson, was born in Sebago, July 2, 1841. For many years he was a teacher, and taught schools suc- cessfully in Sebago, Otisfield, Harrison, Bristol, and in Bethel and Monmouth Academies. He graduated at Bow- doin College in 1873, and received the honorary degree of A.M. from Colby University in 1876. In 1873 he took charge of the Bridgton High School, which position he retains in 1879. Mr. Richardson has always been interested in all local enterprises tending to make society better, and is a man of correct habits, of strong force of character, and possessed of a rare executive ability. He is also noted as a disciplina- rian. While a resident of Sebago he was a member of the school committee, and for two years was a selectman of the town. He is a member of the school committee of Bridg- ton. He has been Noble Grand of Cumberland Lorlge of Odd-Fellows, Worthy Master of Oriental Lodge of Free- Masons, and Worthy Chief Templar of Selden Connor Lodge of Good Templars. BRUNSWICK. TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES. The town of Brunswick forms the northeastern portion of Cumberland County. It is bounded north by the An- droscoggin River, noted for its numerous ftills and abundant water-power. The New Meadows River, on the east, sepa- rates this town and Harpswell, which lies directly south of it, from Bath, West Bath, and Pliippsburg. New Meadows River rises in the town of Bath, about half a mile from Merrymeeting Bay, and flows south into Casco Bay. It was anciently called Stevens' River. Merrymeeting Bay, which lies east of Bmnswick, is formed by the confluent waters of the Androscoggin, Muddy, Cathance, Abagadus- set, and Kennebec Rivers. It is about six miles in length and three in breadth at its widest part. In a deed from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Sir Richard Edgecomb, in 1637, this sheet of water is called the " Lake of New Somerset." In other ancient deeds it is called " Swan Pond."* The scenery of Brunswick and of the territory imme- diately adjacent to it is varied and interesting. The central portion of the town consists chiefly of low, sandy plains. " In the western part a rocky elevation is to be observed, extending quite from the Androscoggin to Casco Bay. Many citizens are familiar with the picturesque scenery at Rocky Hill, some four miles up the river road, where this ridge begins. At the deep cut, some three miles west of the village, the railroad passes through a depression of this ridge, but at Oak Hill it again rises to full height. " A few miles farther, another depression is succeeded by * Pejepscot PRpcr6. — Whekler. 232 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Brimstone Hill, in Freeport, which completes the line quite to Hairaseekit L;widinji, on C;isco Bay. From Oak Hill, and the higher points of the parallel ridge west of it, tlie sea is usually visible. From all elevated points, for miles around, appear also the spires of the villages of Brunswick and Topsham, the highest among them being the twin towens of King's Chapel. On the approach from up river, Powder-House Hill (at an earlier date known as Sunset Hill) hides much of the villages from view. A bend of the river, with a broad expansion at this point, gives all the effect of a lake, with the accessories of high, rocky banks, green hills, low, grassy shores, and sandy beaches. " At the upper railroad bridge, where the banks of the river approach each other and the compressed waters go rolling on between the firm bounds of rock, the scene begins to change. Here is the beginning of the Brunswick Falls, the finest water-power on the Atlantic coast. This mag- nificent fall of water, though lacking in the grandeur which attaclies to the more famous falls of some other rivers, has yet a beauty of its own which should by no means be over- looked. Its numerous cascades afford not only varied and picturesque views, but furnish a motive-power probably un- surpassed in New England within so small a space. The natural bed of the fall consists of coarse graphic granite and gneiss. The rock upon the middle fall projects above the water at several points, serving as natural abutments to the several sections of the dam. Shad Island, the former site of the mills, divides the lower fall about midway. There are three pitches : the first has a vertical descent of about eleven feet, the middle of fourteen feet, and the lower of about fifteen feet. The total height of the fall is about forty-one feet above high tide, which flows to the foot of the fall, causing a variation in the height of the water of about three feet. The whole horizontal distance of the descent is nineteen hundred and eighty feet." The soil of Brunswick varies from the sandy loam of the plains to a gravelly loam at the westward. Rich loams and heavy clays are found in a few localities. Peat has been found in the low ground east of Miss Narcissa Stone's house, and has been used by her. The best farms were formerly (and probably are now) at Middle Bay and Ma- quoit. The land is said, however, to have been much more fertile in former times than at present. The climate of this region is somewhat different near the sea-coast from fliat a few miles farther inland. In Harpswell, and around the bays of Brunswick, the tem- perature is as uniform as it usually is on the coast of Maine. Topsham, from its greater elevation, is cooler than Bruns- wick in the summer, and, probably owing to its southern slope, is slightly warmer in the winter. EARTUyUAKES. Accounts have been preserved of some ten shocks of earthquake, which have occurred here since the first settle- ment of Brunswick. The first and severest was the one which was felt throughout New England, and is called the " Great Earthquake." It happened on Tuesday, Nov. 18, 1755, at about a quarter past four o'clock A.M. The un- dulation of the earth's surface in this vicinity was so vio- lent as to rock houses, and throw down chimneys, log fences, and crockery from the shelves. The chimney of llev. Mr. Dunlap's house fell in, and some of his cliildren narrowly escaped injury. The inhabitants generally were greatly alarmed, and viewed the occurrence as an omen of evil. Rev. Mr. Dunlap preached a sermon with especial reference to this event. The other earthquakes were much less severe, though some of them were suiBcient to cause a degree of trepidation among the timid. They occurred Nov. 22, 1755; June 12, 1805, at 7.30 A.M.; June 26, 1808, at 2.51 p.m. ; Nov. 28, 1814, at 7 p.m. ; the oscilla- tions moved from north to south, lasted fifty seconds, and were followed by an explo.sion ; May 23, 1817, at 3 p.m., lasted one minute; March 7, 1823, at 10 a.m.; July 25, 1828, at 6 A.M. ; Aug. 26, 1829, at 9 p.m., and at 9.15 P.M.; and Oct. 17, ISGO. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Thomas Purchase was the first settler within the present boundaries of the town of Brunswick. There is some doubt as to the precise location of his residence, some au- thorities placing it at the head of New Meadows River, and others at Pejepscot (now Brunswick) Falls ; but the fact that he settled here as early as 1628, before there were any other English settlements east of Saco, is abundantly ' proven. In 1632, he and George Way obtained a patent from the Plymouth Council (of England) for a tract of land embracing the famous salmon-fishery at the Pejepscot, and extending on both sides of the river " four miles square towards the sea." Way never settled on any portion of this patent. In 1639, Purchase, in an indenture made with Governor Winthrop, placed it under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts Bay, desiring, no doubt, in this remote and isolated situation, to secure the assistance and protec- tion of the strongest neighboring English colony, in case of an outbreak or difiiculty with the Indians. It does not appear that Purchase desired to form a settlement of any considerable extent upon his grant, but had selected this site with a view of monopolizing the fishing-ground and trade with the natives. His first house was destroyed by fire, and "by this dis- aster he lost in the flames the only copy of the patent by which he held his property. The original had been left \ with Mr. Francis Ashley, in England."* It was very likely i' soon after this fire that he changed his place of abode. At all events, he soon after erected " a small cottage for a present slielter," and it was while here that he was visited by Mr. Edward Rishworth.| This structure was afterwards superseded by " a fair stone house," in which he is supposed to have lived during the remainder of his residence at Pe- jepscot. Thomas Purchase must have been a man well known in the colony. He not only held at different times ofiiccs of trust and responsibility, but also made, it would seem, a frequent appearance in court. The first account of him after his immigration to this country is of his appearance at Saco, in 1630. On June 25th of that year he was present with Isaac Al- lerton, Capt. Thomas Wiggen, and others, and saw Richard » Maine Hist. Coll., iii. p. 330. f Pejepscot Papers. GEORGE SKOLFIEI.D riiMt..*. I.y A. O. Refd, Brunswick. GEORGE SKOLFIELD. CEORHE R. SKOLKIELD. George SkolfieKl was boni in tlic year 1780 in a house which stood near where the present fine ret^i- dence of his son, George R. Skolfield, now is, in the town of Harpsweli, on wluit is called tiie " Neck Road." His early life was spent on the farm, in the mean time acquiring such education as he could in the public schools of Har])swell nearly a century ago. At the age of twenty -one he began the business of ship-building without business connection or ac- quaintance, and without a single dollar of capi- tal, even borrowing the small sum necessary to i)ur- cliase his first broad-axe. With that business ability and persistency which so eminently marked his whole business life of more than sixty years, he steadily pursued his chosen calling, cacli year es- tablishing a higher reputation and more extensive business connections in the larger cities of the country, until lie became one of the noted ship-builders and owners of America. In his long business life he constructed upwards of sixty ships, most of them of large size and known for their beautiful models and thoroughness of construction ; some built more than forty years ago being in active service with high rating, while the benefit accruing to Brunswick and Harpsweli from the large sums paid for wages and material was almost beyond description, — those for wages alone exceeding a million of dollars. He was of a kind and hospitable nature, fond of his family and friends, and exceedingly liberal towards all worthy objects of need and charity ; but he had a thorough hatred of anything looking like oppres- sion or cant, a single instance sufficing as an illus- tration. While engaged in building a fine ship of sixteen hundred tons, the town of Har[)swell insisted on taxing him for her before her completion, against his firm protest, when he at once built for himself a residence a short distance from the one he was occupying, but in the town of Brunswick, thus trans- ferring his large tax of many hundred dollai-s per year to the latter town for the remainder of his life. He died, on the loth of March, 1866, at the age of eighty-six, in the full possession of all his faculties, without a single regret at leaving the scene of his labors and triumphs, remarking, "My days of use- fulnes.s are passed, and it is better that the worn- out old body should be laid at rest." Since his decease the business of the yard has been carried on by his son, George R., in connection with two brothers, Capt. Samuel and Capt. Isaac L. Skol- field (two well-known ship-masters of Brunswick); but who, during the depression in the ship-building industry, have built such ships only as they ownetl and put into connnission on their own account, they now being the most extensive owners in their part of the State. TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 233 Vines take legal possession of the land granted him and John Oldiiara, on the soutliwest side of Saco Rivei-.* In 1G31 he was at Piyepscot, where he was visited in July by Sir Christopher Gardiner, who remained with liini about a year.f In lt;36 he was pi-esent as one of the commissioners, on March 25th, at the house of Capt. R. Boyntlion, in Saeo. His associates were Capt. Boyntlion, Capt. W. Gorges, Capt. Cammock, Messrs. H. Jocclyn, E. Godfrey, and T. Lewis.| This was the first organized court within the limits of the present State of Maiiie.§ On Aug. 22, 1639, he made legal conveyance to John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts, of all liis land, and put himself under the power and jurisdiction of that colony. He reserved, however, such a claim to the ownership of the land as practically annulled that part of the contract. 1| In lU-lO, Purchase again appears in court at Saco, but this time not on the bench, but before the bar, and also as a juryman. There were five indictments against him at this court. On July 14th of this year he was summoned to ap- pear at court on the 8th of September following, and an order was at the same time issued to Robert Sankey, of Saco, the provost-marshal, to bring him before the court on September 8th, to answer to divers complaints not specified, and particularly that credible information had been given that he had conveyed the greater part of his goods and chattels out of the province, in consequence of his indebt- edness to divers persons; or to take sufficient security for his appearance at the session of the Council established for the province. On his refu.sal his property was to be at- tached and brought to Saco. The first complaint was brought by Giles Elbridge, of Pemaquid, in an action of debt. Purchase made his appearance, but for some reasou the case was not tried. The second complaint against him was by Richard Vines in a similar action. This case also was not tried. The third complaint was by Richard Tucker, of Casco, and was to the effect that nine years previously Sir Chris- topher Gardiner had borrowed a warming-pan of him in Purcha.se's name, which was worth 12s. Gd., and had kept it. Also that six months afterwards he had bought a fowl- ing-piece for 40s., and would not pay for the same, though often requested. The damages were placed at £5. Pur- chase denied that Gardiner did these things in his name, and declared that if he did he was not authorized to do so. Purchase further declared that the above facts were unknown to him, and that he had no recollection of any demand being made as alleged. " But Mr. George Cleaves had asked him causelessly for these articles; but he being a partner with the defendant, had acquitted him from all causes of action whatever." The issue w:;s joined, the trial took place, and the jury decided that Purcha.se should pay £2 12s. G(/. for the arti- cles claimed, and 12s. 6d. as costs of court. Judgment was * FoUom, History of Saco, etc., p. .30. t Winthrop, i. p. 6S. Mussaohusctts Historical Collection, Tliir.l Series, viii. p. 320. X Folsom, opiie cil., p. 49. i Williamson, i. p. 26j. |i Folsom, p. 4J. Williamson, i. p. 290. 30 given and o.Kecutinn ordered by the whole court. Whatever became of the warming-pan is not known, but it will be noticed that there was one mentioned among the articles embraced in the inventory of IGS.i. The fourth complaint was a declaration of Arthur Browne, merchant, accusing Purch;use of falsely charging him with perjury and bribery. Purchase denied the whole thing, but the jury brought in a verdict against him and fined him £5 sterling, and 12s. for costs. The fifth complaint is not given, but it is .stated that he was required, on the third day of August preceding, to enter into a recognizance with Rev. Robert Jordan, and that he appeared at court to answer to Capt. Thomas Young, Messrs. Abraham Shurte, George Davis, Richard Tucker, and others. At this Siime court Purchase also served as a juryman in the ca.se of Mary Purington, of Agamenticus. In 1G4.5 he signed a letter addressed to Governor Win- throp, the Deputy Governor, and Court of As.sistants of Mas- sachusetts Bay, and was also the one chosen to present the same. This letter was in regard to trouble between the in- habitants of Rugby's province of Lygonia, and Jocelyn and others, and wsis dated "Casco Bay, this 18th ffebr, 1G45." William Ryall, Richard Tucker, and George Cleeve were the other signers.^ In 1053 he was sued by the colony government, " as ap- pears by a record of the General Court of that year, and styled 0/ Pejepscot." What this suit was for we have not ascertained. At one time, date unknown, his children were required by the Council to be brought forward for baptism, and on neglect of the same he was to be summoned before the General Court. In 1654 he was chosen assistant to Prince, the commis- sioner at the first court ever held upon the Kennebec. There is no evidence, however, that he ever held an As- sistant's Court. In 1657 he was called to answer before the County Court of Yorkshire, to an action brought against him by the Widow Elizabeth Way for the purpose of determining whether Pejepscot was under the jurisdiction of that court. After the restoration of Charles II. to the throne of Eng- land in IGGO, probably in the year 1GG2, Purchase was commissioned as a magistrate under Gorges, or, at least, Mr. J. Archdale, agent of Gorges, offered him such a commis- sion.** In September, 1G75, his hou-sc was attacked by the In- dians, an account of which is given on page 34 of thia work. The foregoing enumeration of the various events in the life of Purchase embrace a nearly continuous connection from the time of his migration to his death. It embraces a period of forty-seven years. During this long time the only intervals of any length in which we have no accounts of him are between 1G46 and 1G54, and 1G60 and 1G75. It is possible that these gaps may even yet be shortened. Whether Purchase was a man of much property can only be surmised. It would seem that his opportunities of ac- f Maine Historical Collection, i. pp. 519, 550. •• Williamson, i. p. 40.1. 234 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COXTNTY, MAINE. quiring wealth wore unusually good. ITo possessed a good field for traffic witli the Indians, and had the monopoly of the best Hahuon and sturgeon fishery in New England. Notwith.standing this, the frequent suits brought against him .show not only " the litigious temper of the times," but also that he was deeply in debt, and that his creditors were uneasy. Of his real character nothing is known more tiian may be gathered from what has already been stated. That he was a man of considerable enterprise is evident. That he failed to wholly conciliate the Indians is evident not only from the fact that liis house was selected as the first one to be visited by them, but also that he was deemed unfair in his dealings with them, one of them remarking that he had paid £100 for water "from Purchase his well." This water was, however, presumably flavored with some alco- holic ingredient. Notwithstanding these facts, the Indians could not have been entirely at enmity with him, or they would not have let him oft" with the mere robbery of his house when they had some of its inmates in their power. Thomas Purchase must have been a man of consideriible ability, or he would not have held the offices he did. Wil- liamson says of him that " he was one of those flexible pa- triots who could accommodate his politics to the changes of the times."* This, it appears to us, is rather a harsh judg- ment. To which administration did he owe allegiance ? The question may be easy to answer now, but was it so easy for liim to answer it? It must be remembered that it was not until the present century that the claim of the Plymimth Colony on the Kennebec to his tract of land was finally settled adversely. SETTLEMENT UNDER THE PEJEPSCOT COMPANY. The efibrts made by the I'ejcpscot proprietors to settle their lands were, for the most part, quite successful, though the rapidity with which settlers came in varied very much at diflTerent times. Many of these earlier settlers, it is said, ran away from England, and upon their arrival in this country changed their names. Between 1717 and 1722, 41 persons are known to have settled in Brunswick. There were doubtless others whose names have not been preserved. Many of these settlers, however, forfeited their lots in consequence of the non- fulfillment of the required conditions. In 1722 the fourth Indian, or Lovewell's, war was com- menced, and the situation of the settlers here became so disagreeable that they nearly all abandoned their homes, and it was not until about 1730 that the settlement was renewed. Those who are known to have remained are John Minot, Andrew Dunning and his sons, William Woodside and Ebenezer Stanwood and their sons, William Simpson, and David Giveen and sons. The most of these Lad garrisons. Upon the incorporatiim of Brunswick as a town, in 1738, a considerable increase took place in the number of new settlers. On June 27, 1739, there were 39 persons who had re- s'' Vol. i. p. 090. cently come into po.sscssion of lots at New Meadows. There were al.so at this time in other parts of the town 29 indi- viduals who were either new settlers or sons of the old settlers, who had become of age. In June, 1740, the proprietors voted to give Benjamin Larrabee a lease of the lands adjacent to Fort George, and also the privilege of the salmon-fishciy, on such terms as might be agreed upon by the committee to whom the mat- ter was rei'erred. Mr. Larrabee, who was then the agent of the projiriitors, made the following deeds, which we give in tabulated form from Wheeler's History of Brunswick ;■}• N.mies of the P.-reons 'o "1'""' Qnanlity i.f Acres TheTmc when' TlieCon- 1. Niitlian Ailiuns 100 acres. 2. John Adams 10(1 ■J. Williiini Miikonn- 4. Ituliert Spi-iii- HUI) 5. Williiim Spciir 20.i C. John MiiUonii- liio 7. John M;.lc.ini.' Hill 8. John Uvli-. K»i| 100 Jao..l. Kill. II 100 10. Henrj Ciil.l.a 1 'JJ 11. Jonathan Sajward 200 , Jnno-a MiV: . Janos SM'i . Janie.s 51 rK. , John A.I:mii- Marcli 9, 17.17. Manh M, 17:17. March 6, I7.i7. Mai(h;;9,17;!8. April II, 17:)8. Jan. 10,17:17. Jan. 18, 17:t7. Sept B, n:iS. March 24,17:19. Slay 20, 1710. June 19, 1740. Jnlj- 15, 1740. July 28, 1741. Oct. IB, 1741. Mav 19, 1742. Nov. 8, 1742. Mav 21,1742. Nov. :i, 1742. Oct. 24, 1741. Mav 2«, 1-:;!). Jniic2:l, 1742, Jnnc -a, 1742, Nov. ;i, 1742 Mav 7, 1742, 32 2U SOD sag 25 Quit-clHiH at" an hd^ to Parkw 23 U V 29, Jacoh Eato 30. Jacob Eaton,, 31. S;iml. Clarke Jacobs' Adn , 1742. Jan. 12, 1740. May 19, 1742. Nov. :), 1742. Nov. 2S, 1737. April 14, 1742. Apiil 7, 17:18. .Un. 10, 1740. Oct. 20, 1740. May 21, 1742. Fob. 25, 1740. OhI tenor. 2.1 25 50 III 1752 there were, according to a map of the Plymouth Company of that date, but twenty dwelling-houses in Bruns- wick. They were owned or occupied by the following-named persons : Spcer, Finney, James Dunning, Woodside, Stan- wood, Smart, V. Woodside, Capt. Minot, Beverage, J. Orr (1742), Camp, Giveen, Starbord, Skolfield, Hall (on Sabas- codogan Island), Snow, Coombs, Mills, Deacon Hinkley, Capt. Thompson, Smith. Besides these there were four mills and a meeting-house. SALMON-FISHING. The earliest business carried on in Brunswick, in additiont to farming and trading in furs, was salmon and sturgeoal fishing. Thomas Purchase, soon after his settlement here,* in 1G28, caught, cured, and packed salmon and sturgeon» for a foreign market, and it is stated that there were at onei time, "saved in about three weeks, thirty-nine barrels of salmon, besides what was spoiled for lack of salt, and aboul? t Most of the mitlter for this town history is taken from theabo** wori<. I'lioto. liv Win. Pier.-.', Bnmswick. CLEMENT MARTIN. TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 235 ninety kegs and as many barrels of sturgeon, and that if they had been fitted out with salt, and apt and skillful men, they might have taken abundance more."* It is also stated in Douglas' History that there was a company formed in London for the purpose of importing cured or dried sturgeon, and that they had an agent at the foot of Pejepscot Falls, and a building erected there. This was, no doubt, as IMcKeen observes, a very considerable business, and was carried on upon quite a large scale, from time to time, until into the last century, and until the com- mencement of King Philip's war, in 1G75, it was, doubtless, a great business with Mr. Purcha.so. The business has not been carried on to any extent within the present century, the salmon having entirely disappeared from the river, and there being fewer sturgeon than formerly, and a lessened demand for the latter. Present indications betoken, how- ever, a return of the salmon-fishei'y before very many years. MUNICIPAL HISTOUY. The vote of the Genera! Court, constituting Brunswick a township, was passed on the 3d of May, 1717, and pro- vided, " That y'' Land Plotted for a town, from Pejepscot Falls to Maf(Uoit, in Casco Bay, be Constituted a Township, to be laid out the Quantity of Six Miles Square as the Land will allow, & to be Called by the name of Brunswick, to be forth-with Settled in a Defensible Manner. "•)■ This action of the General Court gave the settlers muni- cipal rights similar to those of plantations of the present day. Thus, for instance, they held public meetings, raised money for their common welfare, and chose their own town officers. Records were kept by an officer styled the town clerk, who was the first time appointed by the proprietors and afterwards elected by the people. On the 2d of May, of this year, Lieut. Joseph Heath was chosen by the proprietors " To be their Clark for the Town of Brunswick until the town is Qualified to make their own election, and Sworn to the faithful Discharge of that Trust."! The first meeting of the inhabitants was held Nov. 3, 1717. The first election of town officers was in March, 1719, when Capt. John Gyles, Thomas Wharton, James Starrat, John Cochran, and Joseph Heath were chosen se- lectmen for the ensuing year. Joseph Heath was al.so chosen clerk and town treasurer, and Peter Haines, con- stable. At a regular meeting of the inhabitants, held May 8, it was voted to purchase a bos taunts for the common benefit. It was also at this meeting voted, " That whereas Some of the Inhabitants of this Town have already Brought on Cattle & others expect to have some come before Winter, Therefore our first rate to our Minister shall be rai.sed on Lotts & poles onley. "^ Other meetings were held at different periods, at which action was taken relating chiefly to the support of a min- ister. The doings of those meetings will be fouud iu the section upon Ecclesiastical History. * Reading's Deposition, Pejepscot Papers. t Massachusetts Uccords, 1717. J lirunswick Records, in Pejepscot Collection. § Ibid. In the year 1735 the inhabitants of Brunswick had be- come so numerous, and felt so great need of a more perfect system in the management of their common concerns, that they made aii])lication to the government of Massachusetts for an act of incorporation as a town. This petition w;is signed by John Rutherford, Anthony Vincent, James Dunning, David Dunning, Richard Fla- herty, — an Irish school-teacher, — James McFailand, James Carter, William Gibson, Andrew Dunning, Kbenezer Stan- wood, Samuel Stanwood, David Giveen, James Henry, Wil- liam Spear, John Giveen, Robert Giveen, Thomas Ncal, Thomas Wa.shburn, Samuel Lindsey, Rev. Robert Ruther- ford, Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Clarke, Nehemiah Giffen, — a stranger, — Robert Spear, Sr., Robert Spear, Ji-., Robert Dunlap, William Woodside, Jonathan Dunlap, John Linsay. The Legislature, June 20th of this same year, granted the request of the petitioners and enacted a bill in accord- ance therewith. This bill for some reason, however, failed to receive the signature of the Governor, and did not there- fore take eflect.y On the 25th of May, 1737, another petition for incor- poration was presented to the General Court, by Benjamin Larrabee, in behalf of the inhabitants of Brunswick. The prayer of this petition was granted in the House of Rep- resentatives on the 24th of June, and concurred in by the Senate three days later. A bill was accordingly prepared, and at the next ses.sion of the General Court, Jan. 26, 1738-39, an act was pa.s.scd and received the sanction of the Governor. Brunswick thus became the eleventh corporate town in Maine. At the same time that the foregoing was passed, the General Court al.so pas.sed an act authorizing and em- powering Benjamin Larrabee, Esq., " to warn the Inhabi- tants of .said Town, qualifyed by Law to vote in Town affairs, to assemble and meet together in some Sutable Place on the first Monday of March next, to choose a Moderator, Town Clerk, and other Town Officers for the year then next ensuing." The date of the incorporation of the town, it will be noticed, is given as Jan. 20, 1738. This is according to the old method of reckoning time. The date, according to the new style, would be Feb. 4, 1739.^ There were six town-meetings in 1739. The first meet- ing of this year, and the fir.st under the act of incorpora- tion, was held March 28th. At this meeting the follow- ing officers were chosen : Samuel Hiiikley, Moderator and Town Clerk ; Capt. B. Larrabee, Samuel Hinkley, John Getchell, James Dunning, and David Dunning. Selectmen; John Malkcon, John Barrows, ConsUtbles ; Thomas Wash- burn, William Vincent, Samuel Whitney, and James Howe, Tything-Men ; Capt. William Woodside, Wimond Brad- bury, John Whitney, and Joseph Berry, Surveyors of Highways ; Robert Spear and Cornelius Thompson, Fence- Viewers ; James Thouip.son, Town Treasurer ; John Mac- Gregor and John McFarlin, Hog Constables; Israel Mitchell and William Spear, Field- Drivers. One hundred and fifty-three pounds and fifteen shil- lings were voted for town expenses for the year. At this II Pejepscot Papers. ^ Town Records, vol. i. ; also Pejepscot Papers. 236 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. meetinsr, John Getchcll, Robert Spear, Snniucl Clark, James Thouipson, Benjamin Parker, and Thomas Skolfield were chosen a committee to hy out highways lur tlie con- venience of the town. Some proposition looking to the extermination of or pro- tection from wolves was doubtless made, as the town this year voted, " That the wolves should be left till further consideration." In July, it was voted, " That the Minister Sluild Preach att y' Southeast end of S*" Town (att a place cal'' Newmed- ows) according to what Rates and taxes they shall Pay towards the Support of the Ministry, it being agreed upon by the whole Town." Against this action of the town, however, a protest was entered by Benjamin Whitney, Jean Brown, and William Woodside. A meeting held December 25th elected Capt. Benjamin Larrabee a representative " to go to answer the present- ment commenced against this town at the general Ses.sions of the Peace." It does not, however, appear from the records what was the nature of the action against the town, or by whom it was brought. Possibly, it may have been in consequence of there being no provision made that year for a school, as the law was then obligatory upon all towns to make such provision. On May 30th, of this year, the inhabitants of Mair Point petitioned the General Court, since one-half of that point was within the bounds of the township of North Yarmouth, and was twenty-five miles distant from the meeting-house in that town by land, and ten miles distant by sea, with two dangerous bays to be crossed, and since the northerly por- tion of the point was but two miles distant from Brunswick, that they might be set oif from North Yarmouth and an- nexed to the town of Brunswick. An act was pas.sed granting this privilege, which took efltect October 2d fol- lowing. The total appropriation for defraying the expenses of the town in 1740 was £248 IGs. Of this amount £150 was for the salary of Rev. Mr. Rutherford, and £80 for support of a school-master, leaving but £18 for contingent expenses. It was also voted this year to raise £200 as a settlement for Mr. Rutherford, " if he lives and dies minister of Brunswick ;" and a little more than one-fourth of this amount was to be raised that year. The town voted not to send any representative this year to the General Court, and also voted to allow Jtogs to run at large, provided they were properly yoked and ringed. Space will not allow us to follow these records. They may be consulted at large in the excellent and exhaustive work of the Messrs. Wheeler, from which the matter for this sketch has been chiefly taken. The administrative policy of the town continued to be much the same for several years. CIVIL LIST. REPRESENTATIVES TO CONGRESS. Robert P. Dunlap, Brunswick, 1843-47. Charles J. Oilman, Urunswiok, 1857-59. GOVERNORS OF MAINE. Robert P. Dunbp, Brunswick, 1834-.SS. Joshua L. Chamberlain, Brunswick, 1867-71. SECRETARY OF STATE. Frankliu M. Drew, Brunswick, lSCS-71. STATE TREASURER. Abncr B. Thompsou, Brunswick, 1831-32. ADJUTANT-GENERAL. Abncr B. Thompson, Brunswick, 1839-40. STATE SENATORS. Jacob Al)bc.tt, 1S13-1B; Robert P. Dunlap, 1824-29: Jonnthan Page, 1829; Robert P. Dunlap. 183(1-33; Tobias Purinton, 183fi: John C. Hum)ihroys, 1839; Elijah P. Pike, 1841 ; Samuel R. Jackson, 1S47; William II. Morse, 1848; Abner B. Thompson, 1858j Daniel Elliolt, ISG3; Henry Carvill, 1870; Marshall Cram, 1871. REPRESENTATIVES IN GENERAL COURT OF MASSACHU- ■ SETTS. David Dunning, 1742-43: Samuel Ilinklcy. 1747 : Samuel Thomp- son, Samuel Stanwood. I77G; Samuel Drnken, 1781; William Owen, 1785; John Peterson, 1791-92; William Stanwood, Jr., , 1793; AVilliam Stanwood, 1794-95; John Minot, 1796; John i Dunlap, 1799-1805; James Curtis, E. H. Gos.s, 1800; Robert t Giveen, 1S06-7; Robert D. Dunning, 1808-16; Henry Putnam, , Philip Owen, 1813; David Dunlap, 1810-20; Joseph McKeen, , 1819. SELECTMEN. ,— Capt. Benjamin Larrabee. Samuel Hinkley, John Getchcll, James Dunning, David Dunning. .—Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Hinkley, David Giveen. .—Samuel Ilinkley, David Dunning, Robert Spoar. .—Capt. Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Ilinkley, AVimond Brad- bury. .—Isaac Snow,« Samuel Ilinkley,® Wymond Bradbury,* Capt. John Minot.t Ehen StanKOod,t James Dunning.f .-Thomas Skolfield,^ Ebenczer Stanwood.J James Dunning,^ James Dunning.? Samuel Clark. ^ Ehcnezer Stanwood. g .—Thomas Skoindd, Ehcnezer Stanwood, Aaron Ilinkley. _4y. David Giveen, Isaac Snow, Thomas Skolticld. .—James Thompson, Thomas Skolfield, John Smart. .—John Getehell, David Dunning, Thomas Skolfield. .—John Minot, Aaron Hinkley, Robert Finney. .—John Minot, Isaac Snow, Robert Finney. .—James Thompson, Samuel Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield. .—William Woodside, James Thompson, Thomas Skolfield. ,— James Thompson, Samuel Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield. —Aaron Hinkley, William Spccr, Robert Giveen. , .—Isaac Snow, Samuel Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield. .—James Thompson, William Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield. .-Isaac Snow, William Stiinwood, Thomas Skolfield. .—Aaron Hinkley, WiUi.im Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield. .—Aaron Hinkley, Samuel Moody, Thomas Skolfield. ^ .—Samuel Stanwood, Phineas Ncvcrs, Thomas Skolfield. —Thomas Skolfield, Samuel Stanwood, Nathaniel Larrabee. -64.— Samuel Stanwood, N.athaniel Larrabee, Vincent AVoodside. ,— Samuel Stanwood, Nathaniel Larrabee, Thomas Skolfield. .—Thomas Skolfield, Samuel Stanwood, Stephen Getehell. .—Thomas Skolfield, Samuel Stanwood, Nathaniel Larrabee. -70.— Samuel Thompson, William Woodside, Andrew Dunning. .—Samuel Thompson, William Woodside, Robert S|iear. -73.— Thomas Skolfield. Samuel Stanwood, Nathaniel Larrabee. 1774.— Samuel Stanwood, AVilliam Stanwood, Nathaniel Larrabee. 1775.— Thomas Skolfield, Thomas Moulton, Nathaniel Larrabee. 1776-77.— Samuel Stanwood, Benjamin Stone, James Curtis. J778.— William Stanwood, John Dunlap, Nathaniel Larrabee. 1779-81.— Nathaniel Larrabee, William Stanwood, Andrew Dunning. 1782.— Thomas Skolfield, Samuel Stanwood, James C urtis. » Elected at annual meeting. Held office till August SOth. t Elected August 30th. Held oBice till Jan. 17, 1744. t Elected January 17th. Held office till March meeting. J Elected at annual meeting in March. 1739 1740 1741 1742. 1743. 1744. 1745, 1746 1748 1749, 1750, 1751 1752 1753 1754. 17.5.5. 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760. 1761. 1702. 176.3 1765 1766, 1707 1768 1771 1772 TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 237 1783-85.— Nathaniel Larrabee, 'William Stanwood, Jr., Ephraim Hunt. 1786-8". — Nathaniel Lairabcc, Ephraim Hunt, Andrew Dunning. 1788-90.— Nathaniel Lanahcc, Andrew liimning, William Stanwood, Jr. ]7ill-92.— Nathaniel Larraljie, John Dunning, Daniel Uivcn. 1793. — Nathaniel Larrabee, Daniel Giveen, t'apt. William ftanwood, Jr. 1794-97.— Nathaniel Larrabee, Col. William Stanwood, Daniel Given. 17US.— Nathaniel Larrabee, Col. AVm. Stanwood, Capt. Wm. Stan- wood. 1799. — Nathaniel Larrabee, Capt. Win. Stanwood, Amos Lunt. ISOO.— Nathaniel Larrabee, William Dunning, Amos Lunt. ISOl.— William Dr.nning, Dr. Charles Coffin, Nathaniel Larrabee. 1802.— >'athaniel Larrabte, Col, Wm. Stanwood, Daniel Given. 1S03.— Ephraim Hunt, Stephtn Larrabee, Charles Coffin. lSOl-6. — William Dunning, Capt. Robert Thompson, Thomas Nojes. 1807-8.- William Dunning, John Terry, Jr., Stephen Larrabee, Jr. 1809, — Robert D. Dunning, Stephen Larrabee, Jr,, Jacob Anderson. 1810. — Stephen Larrabee, Joseph Hacker, William Dunning. 1811,— John Given, Joseph Hacker, William Dunning. 1812-13. — Joseph Hacker, James Dunning, Stephen Larrabee. ISU.—Hon. Jacob Abbot, Robert D. Dunning, Esq., Stephen Lar- rabee. 1S15_]6. — Joseph Hacker, Robert D. Dunning, David Given. 1817-18. — Joseph Hacker, Edward Raymond, Caleb Gushing. 1819-23.- Caleb Cushing, Edward Raymond, Jacob I'ennell. 1 824-26.— Abner Bourne, Thomas Given. Jr. (2dl, David Farrin. 1827-30.— John A. Dunning, James F. Matthews, Thomas Given. 1831. — Noah Ilinkley, James F. Matthews, Isaiah Hacker. 1832-33.- John A. Dunning, James F. Matthews, Isaiah Hacker. 1834.— Elijah P. Pike, Isaiah Hacker, Thomas Given. 1835. — Nathaniel Dunning, James F. Matthews, Henry Merritt. 1836. — Nathaniel Dunning, James F. Matthews, Thonjas Given (2d). 1837.— James F. Matthews, Thomas Given {2d), John C. Hum),hreys. 1838.— James F. Matthews, Robert Pennell, Peter Jordan. 1839.— James F. Matthews, Robert PcnncIl, James Cox. 1840-41.- James F. Matthews, James Co.\, Joseph Lunt (2d). 1842-44.— Adam Lemont, Joseph Lunt (2d), Richard Greenleaf. 1845-46.— Richard Grccnleal', Joseph Lunt (2d), Samuel S. Wing. 1847.— Richard Greenleaf, Samuel S. Wing, James Otis. 1848.- Richard Greenleaf, Samuel S. Wing, J. W. Forsailh. 1849-50.- Richard Greenleaf, Samuel S. Wing, Benjamin D. Pennell. 1851. — Richard Greenleaf, Benjamin Furbish, John S. Gross. 1852-54. — Richard Greenleaf, Rodney Forsailh, Benj, D. Pennell. 1855.— Joseph Lunt (2d), George C. Crawford, Gardner G. Frost. 1856.- Joseph Lunt (2d), Thomas S. Dunning, Joseph C. Given. 1857.— Joseph Lunt (2d), John L. Swift, Gardner G. Fro.-t. 1858. — Joseph Lunt (2d). John L. Swift, John S. Gross, 1859.— Richard Greenleaf, William S. Given, Nathaniel Badger. 1860-61.— John L. Swift, Leonard Townsend, Augustus F. Cox. 1862-64.— Leonard Townsend, Augustus F. Cox, Francis Owen. 1865. — Joseph Lunt {2d), John L. Swift, Leonard T(jwnsend. 1866.— Josejih Lunt, Augustus F. Cox, John L. Swift. 1807. — Joseph Lunt, Augustus F. Cox, Charles C. Humphreys. 1868-69.- C. C. Humphreys, J. C. Given, Henry Carvill. 1870.— Henry Carvill, Joseph Lunt (2d), Lyman E. Smith. 1871.— Henry Carvill, Lyman E. Smith, Charles N. Bates. 1872.— Henry Carvill, Lyman E, Smith, John Crawford. 1873.— Lyman E. Smith, Thomas V. Eaton, Larkin D. Snow. 1874.— Larkin D. Snow, Samuel S. Wing, George P. Simpson. 1875.— Samuel S. Wing, George P. Simpson, Horatio A. Patten. 1876.— Lyman E. Smith, Samuel S. Wing. Thomas U. Eaton. 1877.— Lyman E. Smith, Thou-.as V. Eaton, Sumner h. Ilolbrook. TOWN CLERKS. Samuel Ilinkley, 1739; Benjamin Larrabee, 1740, 1743; Wimond Bradbury, 1741-42; Robert Finney, 1744-51; Thomas Skol- field, 1752-61, 1763-65; David Dunning, 1762; Nathaniel Lar- rabee, 1766-1802; Charles Coffin, 1803; Jotham Stone, 1804-8; John Perry, 1809; Daniel Given, lSIO-1.1, 1815-20; Nathaniel Poor, 1814; John MoKcen, 1821-36; Nathaniel Badger, 1837- 59; J. W. Forsaith, 1805-67; Leonard Townsend, 1800-61, 1868-77. BOWDOIN COLLEGE. In November, 1788, pclilions wore sent to the GentTal Court of Massacliuselts from llic Cumberland County As- sociation of Ministers, as well as from the Cunibi-rland County Court of General Sessions, for the incorporation of a college in that county. No decitled action, however, was taken on these petitions until 1790, when a favorable report was made by a coiumittee of the Le^i.slature, to which the matter had been referred. In March, 1791, in consef|uence principally of the exertions of lion. Josiah Thatcher, a Senator from Cumberland County, a bill lor a college, to be called the Maine College, passed the Senate, but failed to pass the House. At the next session, in the winter of 1791-92, upon the motion of H. Slocum, Esq., a member from Bristol County, a committee was raised " to Consider the cxpedieney of establishing a College in the District of Maine." All men- tion of Cumberland County was avoided, and the motion was made by a member from another county in order that DO prejudice might be excited against the measure. Gov- ernor Eustice was appointed chairman of the committee, and a bill was prepared establishing a college, which was first proposed to bo called Winthrop College, but which was called in the act of incorporation Bowdoin College, " the name being selected as one of the most honored names that Massachusetts could boast." The bill passed the House at this ses.'-ion, but owing to a disagreement between the two Houses in regard to the name and location of the college the bill was not formally enacted until June 24, 1794, when it passed both Houses and received the signature of the Governor, Samuel Adams. The towns of Gorham, Port- land, North Yarmouth, Brunswick, New Gloucester, Free- port, and Winthrop were pertinacious in urging their re- spective claims as being the most fitting .seat of the college, and in some of them subscriptions were raised to secure the location. The town of Brunswick was at length selected as a compromise between the conflicting interests of the claim- ants, the citizens of the town having made what was considered at that time a valuable consideration for the preference. The founders of this institution appear to have formed adequate conceptions of what such a college should be. Their evident design was, as expressed in their own words, to found a seminary which should " promote virtue and piety, and a knowledge of the languages, and of the useful and liberal arts and sciences." The government of the college was, by its act of incor- poration, vested in a board of trustees and a board of over- seers, the former consisting of 13 and the latter of 45 members. The trustees are the legislative body, and the overseers possess a vetoing power. Five townships of land, each six miles square, of the unappropriated lands in the then District of Maine, were granted for the " use, benefit, and purpose of supporting" the college. " Immediately after the charter was granted establishing an institution which was to bear his family name, the Hon. James Bowdoin, of Boston, afterwards minister pleni- potentiary at the Spanish Court, generously bestowed both money and lands, the estimated value of wliich was SliSdO. The first meeting of the boards of the college was held at 238 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Portland, December, 179-i. Inconsequence, however, of a deficiency of available funds (for the best lands of the State having been previously selected by other grantees, there was great difficulty in effecting a sale of the college town- ships, or any portion of them, without a sacrifice), eight years passed bclbre the college went into operation. In- deed, notwithstanding the original grant of the Legislature, and the patronage of the individual already named, nothing but great zeal and unwearied perseverance on the part of the most active friends of the project carried it through to its accomplishment. Besides two stated meetings of the boards each year, special meetings were occasionally called ; but it was no easy matter to ."sustain the interest of all the members in an institution whicii as yet existed but in name, and it was always difficult even to form a quorum for the transaction of business. Committees were repeatedly ap- pointed by the boards to solicit donations, but the public had not then learned to give, and when thousands were needed, the amount contributed was small, and mostly in books. Mutual recriminations of inefficiency and neglect passed between the two boards, and some were almost ready to despair of success." Although but few donations were made to the college at this time, it is gratifying to know that neither the citizens nor the Pcjepscot proprietors were unmindful of the benefit the location of the college in Brunswick would be to this town. Thirty acres of land were given to the college for its location by Capt. John Dunlap, William Stanwood, and Brigadier Thompson, though the college afterwards had to purchase a part of it from more rightful owners.* The Pcjepscot proprietors also, at a meeting held April 3, 17119, voted to give a deed of 200 acres of land to the trustees, " for the use of the college forever." The following were the original trustees and overseers of the college : Trustees. — Rev. Thomas Brown, Falmouth ; Samuel Dean, D.D., Portland ; John Frothingham, Esq., Port- land ; Rev. Daniel Little, Wells; Rev. Thomas Lancas- ter, Scarboro' ; Hon. Joshua Thatcher, Gorham ; David Mitchell, Esq., North Yarmouth ; Rev. Tristram Oilman, North Yarmouth ; Rev. Alden Bradford, Wiscassct ; Thomas Rice, E.sq., Pownalboro' ; William Martin, North Yaimouth ; and tlie president and treasurer of the college. Overseers. — Edward Cutts, Kittery ; Thomas Cutts, Pepperelboro' ; Simon Frye, Fryeburg ; David Sewall, York ; Nathaniel Wells, Wells ; Rev. Moses Hemmenway, D.D., Wells; Rev. Silas Moody, Arundel; Rev. John Thompson, Berwick ; Rev. Nathaniel Webster, Biddcford ; Rev. Paul Coffin, Buxton ; Rev. Benjamin Chadwick, Scarboro' ; Rev. Samuel Eaton, Ilarpswell ; Rev. Samuel Foxcroft, New Gloucester; Rev. Caleb Jcwett ; Rev. Al- fred Johnson, Freeport ; Rev. Elijah Kellogg, Portland ; Rev. Ebcnezer Williams, Falmouth ; Rev. Charles Turner, Sandford ; Daniel Davis, Portland ; Samuel Freeman, Port- land ; Jyshua Fabyan, Scarboro' ; William Gorhaiu, Gor- ham ; Stephen Longfellow, Gorham ; Joseph Noycs, Falmouth; Lsaac Parsons, New Gloucester; Robert South- gate, Scarboro' ; John Wait, Portland ; Pclcg W'adsworth, * John McsKoen, Romlniscenscsof Bniniwiok in 1S02. Thomaston ; William Widgery, New Gloucester; Rev. Ezekiel Emerson, Georgetown ; Rev. Jonathan Ellis, Top- sham; Jonathan Bowman, Pownalboro' ; Edmund Bridge, Augusta; Daniel Cony, Augusta; Henry Dearborn, Pitts- ton ; Dummur Suwall, Bath; Samuel Thompson, Topsham ; John Dunlap, Brunswick ; Francis Winter, Bath ; Natha- niel Thwing, Woolwich ; Alexander Campbell, No. 4 Washington County ; Paul Dudley Sargeant, Sullivan ; and the president and secretary of the college. The site for the college was selected in 179G. It is situ- ated on a plateau about three-quarters of a mile south of the Androscoggin Bridge, near the pine plains. A beau- tiful grove of pines forms a part of the college grounds, and its proximity suggested the motto of one of the literary societies of the col lege. f It was decided at this time to erect a building as soon as practicable, and in 1798 one was constructed of brick, fifty feet long, forty feet wide, and three stories high. Owing to lack of means, however, it was not ready for use until the summer of 1802. In this latter year a wooden house was erected for the use of the president of the college. About this time a part of the college lands was sold, and thus a new and more vigorous impulse was given to the growth of the college. "In July, 1801, the boards proceeded to elect a presi- dent. Among several candidates the choice fell upon Rev. Joseph McKeen, a clergyman of high standing of Beverly, Mass. The selection was fortunate for the institution. Possessing sound judgment and great sagacity. President McKeen was enabled to give a wise direction to measures, and to establish precedents of great importance to the future stability and prosperity of the institution. Through his instrumentality the tenure of office, a point which elicited much discussion, was established on a proper basi.s. In the following November, John Abbot, A.M., Harvard, was chosen professor of languages. The president and professor of languages were installed September, 1802. Great interest was felt by the friends of learning and education throughout the commonwealth in this under- taking, and the ceremonies of the inauguration attracted to Brunswick a large assemblage, in which were men of the first distinction in the State. For want of a building suitable for the occasion a platform, with accommodations for spectators, had been erected in the pine grove in the rear of the ground where the college grounds now .stand. The .scene in which they were participating could not but have deeply aflected the principal actors. ... On this occasion the name of the college building, already erected, was proclaimed in due form, — Massachu.setts Hall. " On the day following this interesting occasion eight students were examined for admission into the college, two of whom came from the metropolis of the commonwealth and its neighborhood, showing the interest and the confi- dence felt there in this new child of promise. ******* " The duties to which President McKeen was called were arduous and highly responsible. For two yeais he t The motto of the Peuniiiian Society is •' Pinos lot^uentes semper hubemus" (The niuruiuring pines we ulways have). TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 239 was aided only by the faithful services of the profcfsor of languages. The obstacles and the discouragements he was compelled to encounter in laying the foundation of an in- stitution which was attracting notice and exciting much expectation in the community, without apparatus of any kind and almost without funds, situated in a part of the country where superfluous wealth was not yet known, at a period when such an undertaking was a novel one, cannot now be duly appreciated. Before they were introduced to their labors the president and professor visited the principal colleges of New ICngland, that they miglit avail themselves of the best experience of the time for the successful man- agement of the college. It should be mentioned as an honorable testimonial to the enlarged and independent views which governed the measures then adopted, that the requisitions for admission at once placed the new in- stitution in this respect on a level with the oldest and best- conducted institutions in the country, — a rank which it has ever maintained." His house not having been completed in time, the presi- dent and his family for a while occupied rooms in Massa- chusetts Hall, the lower story of which had been fitted up temporarily as a chapel and recitation-room, and the upper portion for dormitories. There was no bell of any kind, and the pupils were summoned to prayers morning and evening by the thumping of the president's cane on the staircase. In addition to these daily devotional exercises, President McKeen also preached on Sunday cither in the meeting-house of the First Parish or the college chapel. In 1804, Samuel Willard was appointed a tutor, and took up his residence within the college. One or two resi- dent tutors were chosen annually after this until 18:i4. Soon alter its incorporation Mr. Bowdoin presented the college with £823 4.s., with a " request that the interest thereof may be applied to the establishment and support of a profes.sorship of Mathematics, and of Natural and Experi- mental Philosophy, and that this interest be added to the principal until a professor shall be appointed." To fill this professorship the boards, in May, 1805, elected Parker Cleveland, A.M., Harvard, who was at that time a tutor at Cambridge. He was inducted into ofiice in October. During this year the first chapel was erected. It was constructed of wood, with rooms for the library and philosophical appa- ratus in the second story. It was not designed for a per- manent building, but was, however, enlarged and improved in 1817, and served the purposes for which it was built until 1845. In 1805 the first literary society was instituted. This society, the Peucinian, was founded by Charles Stewart Daveis, Alfred Johnson, Nathan Lord, Robert Means, Enos Merrill, Benjamin Randall, Joseph Sprague, and Henry Wood, members of the three highest classes of the college. Robert Means was the first president. At first the society consisted solely of members of college, but in 1814 the mem- bers who had graduated held a meeting, and, together with those belonging to the college society, formed a general so- ciety, of which Charles Stewart Daveis was elected the first president. With varying periods of prosperity and reverses, the society has continufed to the present day. Its member- ship in 1858, the date of the last catalogue, was as follows : Whole number of members, 1023; initiated members, 945 ; honorary members, 78 ; members of General Society, 882 ; members of College Society, 63. The first commencement of the college was celebrated in September, 180G, when the first class was graduated. The following-named individuals eonipo.sed this class: Mr. Richard Cobb, who died in 1837, aged forty-nine; Mr. Isaac Foster Cofiin, who died in 1861, aged seventy- four ; John Davis, who died in 1841, aged sixty-two; Mr. John Maurice O'Brien, who died in 1865, aged seventy- nine; Moses Quinby, S.H.S., who died in 1857, aged seventy-one; Mr. George Tliorndike, who died in 1810, aged twenty-one, and who also received his degree at Har- vard, in 1807 ; Rev. Benjamin Titconib, who died in 1829, aged forty-two. At the same time the following fourteen persons, gradu- ates of other colleges, received at their own solicitation honorary degrees: Ebenezer H. Beckford, of Harvard; Oliver Bray, of Yale; Jason Chamberlain, of the Univer- sity of Brunswick ; Thomas J. Eckley, of Harvard ; Jacob H. Elliott, of Harvard ; Abraham Kustis, of Harvard ; Ja- cob C. Jewett, of Harvard ; Thomas JI. Jones, of Harvard ; Isaac Lincoln, of Harvard; Samuel Orne, ol Harvard and Yale ; Albion K. Parris, of Dartmouth ; Levcrctt Salton- sfall, of Harvard and Yale: lehabod Tucker, of Harvard; and Owen Warland, also of Harvard. This being the first oceasiim of the kiiul in a portion of the commonwealth then looked upon as ahno.-t a wilderness, excited much interest throughout Massachusetts. A large number of people attended I'rom the district of Maine, and many from Boston and vicinity. There was, perhaps, a larger attendance than has been usual since that time. This commencement is memorable not only on account of its being the first one, but also on account of a storm of un- common severity, which began the day before the one ap- pointed for the exercises of graduation, and for tiiree days raged without abatement. The exercises were postponed one day, but were obliged to be held the next. The successful working of the college at this time is shown by the foct that in 1807, 44 students had been ad- mitted to it, the library contained between 1400 and 1500 volumes, and a philosophical and chemical apparatus had been obtained which was probably unsurpassed at that time by any in New England, except by that in Harvard University. A new building, subsequently named Maine Hall, was commenced this year. It was of brick, 140 feet long, 40 wide, and four stories high, and was intended for dormitories. In consequence of the illness of the president at this time, his duties were distributed among the three remaining in- structors. The tutor, Nathan Parker, A.M., Harvard, af- terwards Rev. Dr. Parker, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, "a most efiicient and able officer, both of instruction and Government," performed regularly the chapel duties of the president during the vacancy in that office. In September, 1807, in consequence of the death of Presi- dent McKeen, it became necessary to choose his successor. Some perplexity arose in consequence of the number of ap- plicants for the position, but finally the boards made selec- tion of Rev. Jesse Appleton, A.M., Dartmouth, who was at 240 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. the time settled in the ministry in Hampton, N. H. His inauijuration toolc place in December of the same year. " President Appleton brougiit to the discharge of his duties a conscientiousness which forbade him to relax any effort, and a deep sense of responsibility both for the literary reputation and tlie moral and religious welfare of the institution. He possessed also rational views of colle- giate discipline, great discretion, unshrinking integrity, an uncommon spirit of command, true love of learning, culti- vated taste, habits of close application, and a delicacy and refinement of character which could not be surpassed. He had gained, in a degree unusual for one of liis age, the respect of the clergy both of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, as may be inferred from the fiict that in 1803 he was one of the two most prominent candidates for the Theological Chair of Harvard University. The selection of such an individual for the presidency of the college was deemed highly auspicious. But he was called at the out- set to encounter peculiar trials. Not to mention the relaxa- tion of discipline likely to ensue on account of the protracted illness of the former president, and the interval between his decease and the coming of a successor, it was a time when there was throughout the community a tendency to loose- ness of sentiment and character. At no period in the history of our colleges has there been more recklessness on the part of youth. The habits of society, which then made the use of intoxicating liquors an essential even of com- mon hospitality, exerted a most deleterious influence on all our colleges. . . . By the unwearied assiduity, however, of President Appleton, by a uniform system of discipline, great energy, and firmness tempered with parental solicitude for the welfare of his pupils, and the influence of high moral and religious principle, which pervaded in .an uncommon degree all his intercourse with the students, the difficulties to which we have alluded were gradually overcome, and under his administration the college ac(juired a high repute for good morals as well as sound scholarship." In the month of June, 1808, a few students associated themselves together for literary purposes, under the name of the "Athena3an Society of Bowdoin College." Henry Wood was the first president. This society for a few years surpassed its rival, the Peucinian, but soon languished, and in 1811 was temporarily discontinued. It was revived again in 181.3, but was again disbanded in 1816 and its library divided. In 1818 it was again revived, and has continued till the present time. In 1820 the General Society was formed, and Levi Stowell was chosen as its first president. In 1822 its libraiy was injured in the burning of Maine Hall, in which it was kept. In 1828 this society was incorporated by an act of the Legislature, and a new seal was adopted.* In 183G its library was again almost totally destroyed by fire. In 1850 it received the cabinet of curiosities and other property of the " Caluvian Society." The membership of this society in 1856, the date of its last catalogue, was as follows : whole number of members, 885 ; initiated members, 739 ; honorary members, 79 ; members * On the seal was engraven a bead of Minerva, with the iu3cri|itiun, " Athinxan Society, B. C, Cul. Su. Sci. Cor." The ubbreviatious are for " BuwJuiu College, Cultorcs sues scicntia coronal" (Science crowns her worshipers). of the General Society, 748 ; of the College Society, 67. Though the.se two literary societies still exist, yet neither of them, it is believed, are supported with the former vigor and enthusiasm. In 1811, Mr. Bowdoin, the steadfast friend of the col- lege, died. He bequeathed to this institution his valuable private library of more than 2000 volumes, besides a large number of pamphlets, charts, maps, and several articles of philosophical apparatus, a valuable collection of minerals, comprising nearly 500 distinct specimens, arranged by Haiiy, nearly 400 models in crystallography, and a valu- able collection of paintings and engravings which he had collected in Europe. The value of this legacy was certainly not less than §15,000. At a meeting of the board of trustees of the college, on May 19, 1812, it was voted "that in consideration of the great munificence of the late Hon. James Bowdoin, Esq., towards this institution, and the interest taken by it in his lamented decease, it is expedient and becoming that public notice be taken of the event ; and tlierelore. Voted, that the secretary of this board be requested to deliver, at the ensu- ing commencement, an eulogy to his memory." The board of overseers concurred in this request, and at the ensumg commencement, September 2d, the eulogy was delivered by Rev. Mr. Jenks, and was afterwards published in pamphlet form by a vote of the boards. This year Rev. William Jenks, A.M., Harvard, at that time settled in the ministry at Bath, the secretary of the board of trustees, was appointed professor of Oriental and English languages. He commenced his duties Jan. 5, 1813. "The erudition of this gentleman, and his classical taste, rendered his services an importani acquisition." His appointment was for three years only, and he kept up his connection with his society in Bath. Eff"orts were made to retain him as a permanent instructor, but they were unsuc- cessful. At this time the finances of the college were in a low state, almost the only source of income being the sale from tiiue to time of some of its wild lauds, which were not then of much value. In 1814 an act was passed by the General Court, making an annual grant to the several colleges in the common- wealth for ten years. The portion allotted to this college was 83000, one-fourth of which was to be appropriated to the payment of the tuition of indigent students. Tiiis year the " Benevolent Society of Bowdoin College" was instituted. It was at first composed entirely of graduates and undergraduates of the college, but it afterwards ad- mitted those not connected with the institution. It was incorporated, and had at one time funds to the amount of $700. From the printed constitution of the society the following fiicts are obtained : The object of the society was to assist " indigent young men of promising talents and of good moral character in procuring an education at this college." No person could receive pecuniary assistance unless he had been a member of college for at least one term. Any one of twenty-one years of age or over could become a member by paying one dollar on admi.ssion and one dollar annually, or a life-mem- ber by paying ten dollars. The society received donations of books, furniture, clothing, or money, and the donor TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 241 could designate the manner in which the gift should be appropriated, " provided it be for an object consistent with the design of the society." One-half of the money re- ceived into the treasury and not appropriated by the donors was reserved as a permanent fund, of which only the an- nual income could be used. The death of President Appleton occurred in November, 1819, and in consequence thereof a special meeting of the boards was called in December to elect his succe.s.sor. Their choice fell upon Kev. William Allen, A.M , Har- vard, of Hanover, N. H., who had been president of Dart- mouth College. In September previous, Samuel P. New- man, A.M., Harvard, was elected to the profes,?orship of Latin and Greek, which had been rendered vacant by the resignation, in 1816. of Professor Abbot. The new pro- fessor and president were both inaugurated in May, 1820. The formation of the new State of Maine in 1820 af- fected considerably the welfare of the college. In the " Act of Separation," passed by the Legislature of Massachusetts, June, 1819, it was provided that the grants already made to the college, which would not expire under four years, should continue in full force after the District of Maine became a State, and that all the chartered rights of the college should be enjoyed without change, " except by judicial process according to the principles of law." By the constitution of Maine, on the otlier hand, the Legislature were restrained from making any grant to any literary institution, unless they should have a certain right of control over such institution." The trustees and over- seers of the college, therefore, deemed it wise to vest such right in the Legislature of Maine, in order to be able to derive aid from the State. Accordingly, an application was made by them to the Legislatures of both States '' for their assent to such modifications of the college charter as would remove any impediment in the way of the college receiving patronage from the Legislature of Maine." In response to this petition, the Legislature of Massa- chusetts, on June 12th of this year, passed a resolve giving their consent to the alteration of the clause in the " Act of Separation" which referred to this college, provided the Legislature of Maine consented thereto, and that the alter- ation did not affect the rights or interests of the common- wealth. Four days later the Legislature of Maine passed an act so far modifying the " Act of Separation" as that the powers and privileges of the president, trustees, and overseers of the college should be subject to be " altered, limited, restrained, or extended by the Legislature of the State of Maine, as shall by the said Legislature be judged necessary to promote the best interests of said institution." The college having given its assent to this act, the Legisla- ture of Maine granted a continuance of the sum which had been given by Massachusetts, and which had been appro- priated for the purpose from a tax on the banks. By the power given them in this act, the Legislature also, in March, 1821, passed another act increasing the number of trustees to 25, and of overseers to 60, and the Governor and Council, by authority granted by the same act, pro- ceeded to fill by appointment the places which had been thus created. In this way 33 individuals were introduced into the two boards. 31 The college buildings at this time were three in number, arranged to form the three .sides of a square, but at suitable intervals from each other. The southern building was of wood and two stories high. The lower apartment contained the library, consisting at that lime of about 6000 vol- umes. The building on the north was a large, square, brick building, three stories high, divided into apartments for the philosophical apparatus, laboratory, mineralogical cabinet, etc. The eastern building was of brick, and was four sto- ries high, and contained 32 rooms for students. In 1822 an additional building, Winthrop Hall, was erected for dormitories. In March of this year, Maine Hall took fire and the entire interior was burnt, though the walls were not materially injured. The fire was dis- covered at three o'clock in the afternoon, and when first noticed was beyond control. It is supposed to have caught in the garret, but no satisfactory knowledge of its origin can be given. The loss by this fire was considerable. The building alone cost §16,000. The theological library, con- sisting of from three to four hundred volumes, was almost entirely consumed. Twelve of the students lost all their wearing apparel, except what they had on at the time, to- gether with their furniture and bedding. The private property thus lost was estimated at the time not far from §1500. This severe blow to the prosperity of the college was averted by the public liberality. Individual donations were extensively made, and contributions were received in a large nuiuber of the churches in Maine and Massachusetts, and thus the loss was I'ully repaired. In 182-t two new professorships were created. Rev. Thomas C. Upham, A.M., Dartmouth, who was settled in the ministry in Rochester, N. H., was chosen Professor of Metaphysics and I]thics ; and Samuel P. Newman, Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory. They were inaugurated in Feb- ruary of the following year. Professor Newman also con- ducted the recitations in civil polity and political economy, and Hebrew was taught by Professor Upham. This year Alpheus S. Packard, A.M., a graduate of the college in the class of 1816, who had been a tutor since 1819, was chosen Profe.ssor of Languages and Classical Literature. Professor Packard was the son of Rev. Dr. Hezekiah Packard, and was born in Chelmsford, Mass., on Dec. 23, 1798. His connection with the college for a period of fifty-eight years is evidence not only of the high esteem in which he has always been held by the public, as well as by his colleagues and the alumni, but is also a proof of the wL-idom originally displayed in his selection. Professor Packard, in addition to the professorship to which he was originally chosen, was appointed from 1842 to 1845 to fill the vacancy in the Chair of Rhetoric and Oratory, and in 1864 was made Professor of Natural and Revealed Religion. In addition to his college duties, he has, from time to time, supplied the pulpit in the churches of the neighbor- ing towns. In 1860 he was honored with the title of S.T.D. from this college. In 1828 he was elected a member of the Maine Historical Society, in which he has for some years held and still holds the office of secretary. He has also for several years been one of its standing committee. 242 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. In 1825, Williiim Smyth, A.M., a graduate of this col- lege ill the class of 1822, who had been a tutor for two years previously, was appointed Associate Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. In 1828 he was nuide a professor in full. This year, 1825, a branch of the literary society of graduates, known as the Phi Beta Kappa, of which there is a branch in nearly all the older colleges of the country, was organized at this college. In 1826 the first graduation* of a student belonging to the colored race occurred. John B. Russwonu, afterwards Governor of Liberia, was the name of this individual. In 1829, Henry W. Longfellow, A.M., a graduate of the cla.ss of 1825, was chosen to the professorship of Mod- ern Languages, towards the foundation of which $1000 had been beciueathed by Mrs. Dearborn, formerly the widow of Hon. James Bowdoin. Profes.sor Longfellow resigned his office in 1835, having been invited to a similar professorship in Harvard University. What is usually designated as "Commons Hall" was built this year. It was designed, and for many years was used, as a dining room for the stu- dents. It is now used as a laboratory of analytical chem- istry. In March, 1831, an act was pas.sed by the Lcgiislature which provided that no person then holding the office of president in any college in the State should hold said office beyond the day of the next commencement of the college, unless he should be re-elected ; and that no' person should be elected or re-elected to the office of president unless he should receive in each board two-thirds of all the votes given on the question of his election ; and that any person elected to said office should be liable to be removed at the pleasure of the board or boards which should elect him. It was furthermore provided that the fees usually paid to the president for degrees should be paid into the treasury, for the use of the college, and be no longer a perquisite of office. " This unprecedented act of legislation excited the deep concern of all who felt an interest in the permanency and stability of our literary institutions. Though applica- ble alike to both colleges of the State, its immediate object and direct bearing no one has ever pretended to di.sguise." At their next meeting the trustees and overseers voted to acquiesce in this act of the Legislature, and at once pro- ceeded to choose a president, but failed in consequence of their inability to get a two-thirds majority in both boards. A committee of the two boards was chosen to petition the Legislature for a repeal of the provision of the act requiring a two-thirds majority in each board. President Allen, how- ever, did not wait the result of this petition, but at once proceeded to test the constitutionality of this legislative en- actment by a .suit in the Circuit Court of the United States. The case was argued before Honorable Joscjih Story, asso- ciate justice of the Supreme Court, and Honorable Ashur Ware, district judge. The decision of the court had not only an important bearing upon the welfare of this college, but was also one which involved the chartered rights of all such institutions, and is deserving, therefore, of more par- ticular mention in these pages. The following abstract of this decision is taken from a * In 1858 a colored gentleman named Jncob M. Moore wae gradu- ated from the Medical School. published sketch of the college by Professor Packard, from which we have already freely quoted :f *' I. A college estnblislied for the promotion of learning nnd pieiy \s a private and nut a public corporation. In the charter of liowdoiD College the visitorial power is intrusted to the Boards of Trustees and Overseers; as soon as they accci>ted the charter, they acquired a permanent riglit and title in their offices, which could not bo diverted except in the manner pointed out in the charter. The Legislature was bound by the act; they could not resume their grant, and ttiey could not touch the vested rights, privileges, or franchises of the college, excejit so far as the ]>ower was reserved by the sixteenth section of the net. The language of that section is certainly very broad, but it is not unlimited. It is there declared that the Legislature ' may grant further powers to, or alter, limit, annul, or restrain any of the powers by this act vested in the said corporation, n« shitV be jufff/ed iicfcHsni-y to prmnnle the heal iiiterfsl of the culleije.' Whatever it may do, then, must be done to promote the best interest of the college. It is true that it is constilute'd the sole judge of what is the best interest of the college; but still it cnnnol do unythlag puinteiifi/ dcutructive nf that interest. Its authority is confined to the enlarging, altering, annulling, or restraining of the j)uwfrn of the corporation. Itcannot intermeddle with its pn>pcrtii ; it cannot extinguish its corporate existence; it cannot resume all its property, and annihilate all its powers and franchises. The Legislature must leave its vitality and property, and enable it still to act as a college. It cannot remove the trustees or overseers, though it may abridge, as well as enlarge, their powers. "2. Bowdoin College has never surrendered any of its rights. Whatever may have been the intentions of those concerned, at the outset, in regard to a surrender of the college to the State, there has been a miscarriage of the parties ; it has never been dp. jure under the control of the Legislature of Maine. '■ 3. But admitting that the college, as was contempl.ated, did come under the control of the Legislature of Maine, when it is stated in the act modifying the college charter that the president and trustees and overseers of Bowdoin College shall enjoy their powers and privileges, subject to be altered, limited, restrained, or extended by the Legisla- ture, no authority is conferred upon the Legislature to add new mem- bers to the boards by its own nomination or by that of the Governor and Council of the State. That would be an extension, not of the powers and privileges of the boards, but of the legislative action over them. If the Legislature could add one new member of its own choice or a])pointment, it could add any numbiT whatsoever. It could an- nihilate the powers and privileges of the charter boards under the pretense of alteration or extension. The Legislature might authorize an enlargement of the boards, but the places thus created must be filled by the boards themselves. " 4. The act of the Legislature, removing the presidents of Bow- doin and Waterville Colleges out of office at a certain time, is a direct exercise of a power which was expressly and exclusively conferred oQ the college boards by the original charter, ami which has never been taken from them. " 5. President Allen was in office under a lawful contract made with the boards, by which contract he was to hold that oflice during good behavior The act of the Legislature directly impairs the obligations of that contract. It takes away from him his tenure of office, and removes him from it. Holding his office during good behavior, he could not be removed from it except for gross misbehavior; and then only by the boards, in the manner pointed out in the original charter." Imtnediately upon the decision of the court being an- nounced. President Allen resumed the discharge of the duties of his office. In 1835, Daniel R. Goodwin, then a tutor in college, suc- ceeded Longfellow as Professor of Modern Languages. He served in this capacity until 1853, when he resigned, to accept the presidency of Trinity College, Connecticut. President Allen resigning in 1839, Rev. Leonard Woods, of Bangor Theological Seminary, son of Rev. Leonard Woods, a well-known divine, was elected as his successor. President Woods was at that time well known for his f For the full text of this deoision see Allen m. MoKeen, 1 Sumner's Report, 276. TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 243 scholarly culture and attainments, and his reputation has steadily increased. In 1839 he received the honorary de- gree of D.U. from Waterville College, and in 1840 from Harvard College. In 18GG he received that of LL.D. from Bowdoin. He was not only an eminent scholar and a fine teacher, but he attracted students by his courteous demeanor and by his lenient disposition. He resigned in 18G(j, after a period of service extending over twenty-seven years, — much longer than that of any previous president. In 1842 a professorship of Political Economy was founded, and Alpheus S. Packard was chosen as the first professor in that branch. He was succeeded in 1845 by Henry II. Boody, then a tutor. On July IGth of this latter year, the corner-stone of King Chapel was laid with Masonic ceremonies. There were present the Grand Lodge of Maine, the Boston Encamp- ment of Knights Templar, the Portland Encampment of Knights Templar, the Mount Vernon Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Portland, the Montgomery Chapter of Bath, Ancient Landmark Lodge of Portland, Solar Lodge of Bath, Freeport Lodge of Freeport, and United Lodge of Brunswick. At the northwest angle of the ground there was a raised platform, upon which were the officers of the college, the Grand Lodge, and the Knights Templar. President Woods read the psalm "Lieta/its sum," and made an address. Prayer was offered by Rev. William T. Dwight, and John T. Puine, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, assisted by Hon. Robert P. Dunlap, ex-Grand Master, then laid the stone in due form. A silver plate provided by the college, and one provided by the Grand Lodge, were deposited in the proper receptacle in the stone. In 1855 the new chapel was completed. The entire cost; was 845,000. On June 7th it was dedicated. The services of the occasion consisted of a selection from the Scriptures and a prayer by Rev. George E. Adams, a hymn, an address by President Woods, a second hymn, a sermon by Prof. Hitchcock, and a concluding prayer by Rev. Dr. Dwight. The services were attended by the under-graduates, many graduates, the college boards and faculty, and many friends of the college, who assembled in the library, from whence they moved to the chapel in a procession conducted by Hon. Chai'les J. Oilman as marshal. In 1848 a professorship of Rhetoric and Elocution was founded, that of Political Economy being merged in it, and Prof. Henry H. Boody was appointed to this office. He was succeeded in 1856 by Egbert C. Smyth, son of Prof. William Smyth, a graduate of the college in 1848, and a tutor in 1849. A professorship of Natural and Revealed Religion was founded in 1850 by subscriptions among the Orthodox Congregationalists, and Calvin E. Stowe, D.D., of the class of 1829, an eminent scholar and theologian, was chosen to thatoffice. He was succeeded in 1852 by Roswell D. Hitch- cock, a graduate of Amherst in 1836, now of New York City. In 1856, Prof. E. C. Smyth was transferred to this chair, and Joshua L. Chamberlain, of the class of 1852, was appointed to the chair of Rhetoric and Oratory. In 1858, William Russell, a distinguished elocutionist, assisted in his branch. Prof Goodwin resigned in 1855, and Ciiarles Carroll Everett, now a professor in Harvard College, occupied the chair of Modern Languages for two years, from 1855 to 1857. lie was succeeded by Prof Chamberlain for two years, when William A. Packard, class of 1851, now pro- fessor at Princeton, gave the instruction for one year. In 1861, Prof Chamberlain was again placed in the chair of Modern Languages, that of Rhetoric and Oratory being filled in 1862 by Rev. Eliphalet Whittlesey, a graduate of Yale. In August of this year, 1862, Prof Chambsrlain re- signed his office to go into the army for the period of the war then raging. The boards, however, granted him leave of absence instead of accepting his resignation, and Steplicn J. Young, class of 1859, was made Provisional Instructor in Modern Languages, to which, on Prof. Chamberlain's resigning in 1865, he was elected as professor. Prof Whittlesey also went into the army, and the duties of his chair were performed by members of the faculty. At the close of the war Prof Whittlesey resigned, and Gen. Chamberlain was re-elected to the chair of Rhetoric and Oratory, wliich, however, he again resigned in 1866, to accept the office of Governor of Maine. Ho was followed by John S. Sewall, class of 1850, who held the chair until 1875, when Prof. Henry L. Chapman, Bowdoin, class of 1866, was transferred to this from the Chair of Latin. In 1859, Paul A. Chadbourne, a graduate of Williams, was chosen Professor of Chemistry and Natural History. He was succeeded in 1863 by Cyrus F. Brackett, a graduate in 1859, tutor in 1863. In 1864, Prof Brackett was ap- pointed Adjunct Professor of Natural Science, and in 1865 to a full professorship in the Josiah Little chair of Natural Science, to which, however, in 1868, George L. Goodale, a graduate of Amherst in 1860, was elected. In 1852, William P. Tucker, class of 1854, tutor since 1857, was instructor in mathematics for one year. He had in the mean time, as librarian, prepared an elaborate and valuable catalogue of the college library. In 1865, Edward N. Packard, tutor since 1863, was instructor, and in 1876 Adjunct Professor of Mathematics. The death of Professor Smyth, in 1868, while intensely engaged upon the building of Memorial Hall, left the chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy vacant, and Charles E. Rockwood, a graduate of Yale, was chosen to the place. In 1864, Professor E. C. Smyth resigned the chair of Natural and Revealed Religion, and was succeeded by Pro- fessor Alpheus S. Packard, who was transferred from the chair of Ancient Languages, to which, in 1865, Rev. Jo- tham B. Sewall, class of 1848, tutor in 1851, was chosen. In 1871, Henry L. Chapman was chosen Adjunct Professor of Latin, and in 1872 a full professor. In 1865 the alumni of the college voted to erect a build- ing, to be called Memorial Hall, in honor of the graduates and students of the college who had died in the civil war. A subscription was at once started to carry the plan into execution, and a committee w;is raised for the purpose. A sufficient amount of funds was raised to warrant the prose- cution of the work, and tlie corner-stone was accordingly laid in 1866. The outside of the building has since been completed, but enougli funds have not yet been secured to enable it to be finished inside. When more prosperous 244 HISTORY OF CUiMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. times return there is scarcely any doubt but that the original intention will be carried out. President Woods resij^ning in 18G5, Rev. Samuel Har- ris, S.T.D., a graduate of 1833, was elected to his place in 18G7. lie took upon himself, also, the duties of the Pro- fessor of Sloral Philosophy and ]Meta])hysics. Professor Upham being that year honored with the Eintriliis title. In 1871 the eminent scholar, civilian, and general, ex- Governor Chamberlain, was chosen to succeed President Harris, and at this time quite a reorganization of the col- lege occurred. A seientiBo department was established and several new chairs of instruction were founded. George L. Voce, C.E., was elected Professor of Civil Engineering ; Edward S. Jlorse, Ph.D., of Salem, Professor of Compara- tive Anatomy and Zoology ; Mr. James B. Taylor, Pro- visional Professor of Elocution and Oratory ; the chair of Latin was separated from that of Greek ; and United States officers were brought here by orders of the government, — • Brevet-Maj. J. P. Sanger, 4th United States Artillery, as Professor of Military Science, and John N. McClintock, class of 1867. of the United States Coast Survey, as in- structor in Topographical Engineering. In 1872, Professor Brackett was made Professor of Chemistry and Physics, and Robert L. Packard, class of 18()8, Assistant Professor of Applied Chemistry for one year. In 1873, however, Professors Brackett and Goodale resigned, and Henry Carmichael, a graduate of Amherst and of Giittingen, Germany, was elected Professor of Chem- istry and Physics, and Dr. Charles A. White, of Iowa, Josiah Little Professor of Natural Science. In the winter of the same year, Professor Rockwood resigned, and Charles H. Smith, a graduate of Yale, was Professor of Mathe- matics. Dr. White resigned in 1875, and the instruction has since been given by diflerent persons, Professor A. S. Packard, Jr., class of 18G1, giving an annual course of lec- tures on entomology ; Mr. George L. Chandler, class of 18GS, giving instruction in natural history in 1875-7G; and Mr. Leslie A. Lee, a graduate of St. Lawrence Univer- sity (Canton, N. Y.), class of 1872, in 187G-77. In connection with the new plan arrangements were also made for other instruction in various branches, should they be needed. Professor Paul A. Chadbourne was engaged to give the instruction in mental philosophy. Exercise in the gymnasium was made regular and obligatory, and military science and tactics were required, to a certain extent, of all not specially excused. Professor Chadbourne was succeeded in 1873 by Rev. E. C. Cumniings, and by President Mark Hopkins in 1874. This year, however, the Edward Little chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy was founded, and President Chamberlain was chosen as professor. In 1875, Maj. Sanger's detail expired, and Brevet-Capt. Louis V. Caziarc, 1st United States Artillery, was appointed in his place as Professor of Military Science and Tactics. Mr. Charles H. Moore has been instructor in Latin since Professor Chapman's resignation, except one year, when Professor A. II. Davis held the chair provisionally. Professor Young, having accepted the office of treasurer, reliiKiuishcd the duties of his chair, and they were per- formed for one year by Instructor Moore, and since then by Charles E. Springer, class of 1874. In 1873 the old Commons Hall was remodeled into a laboratory of analytical chemi.>try, and Mr. F. C. Robinson was chosen instructor in that department of chemistry. The same year the lower floor of Jlcmorial Hall was fitted up as a gymnasium. Hon. Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston, also this year, remodeled old Massachusetts Hall into a beautiful room, called the Clcaveland Cabinet, in memory of the late Professor Parker Cleaveland. A jiicturc-gallery has also been finished in the chapel, over the library. Two fine pictures have been added to the panels of the chapter, one given by Mrs. William S. Perry, in memory of her husband, the subject being " The Trans- figuration ;" the other, " Moses giving the Law," which is the beautiful memento left by the class of 1877. The last makes the seventh of the pictures which have been, from time to time, added to the chnpel panels. Since 1872 over $25,000 have been given the college as scholarships to aid deserving students, and $100,000 to- wards a general tndowment of the college. Mca.sures have been taken to endow a " Longfellow Pro- fessorship of Modern Languages," and a " Cleaveland Pro- fessorship of Chemistry and Mineralogy." Eftbrts are also being made to add the " Upham Professorship of Mental Philosophy." IMany valuable gifts have been made the college in the way of books and natural history collections. Especially notable are the collection of Jlrs. Frederick Allen, of Gar- diner, comprising more than 1000 specimens, including many from JMount ^tna, presented by her daughter, Mrs. Elton, of Boston, the Cushman collection of birds, of Maine, and the Blake herbarium. The whole number of graduates from the college up to 187G is 1887. The number of students at present is about 137, and of officers of instruction, 15. The number of volumes in the college library is 17,500 ; in the medical library, 4000 ; in the libraries of the Athe- nsean and Peucinian Societies, 13,100; and in the Histor- ical Society's library, which is placed in a room of the college chapel, 3000 ; making a total of books accessible to the student of 37, GOO volumes. Largo additions have also been made to the chemical and physical apparatus. The public buildings of the college are at present, — Massachiiselfs Hall, containing the Cleaveland cabinet, lecture-room, and treasurer's office. Wiiitlirop Hall, containing, on the lower floor, the engi- neering-rooms and recitation-rooms, the upper floors being used as dormitories. Maine Hall, having on the lower floors the Athenscan and Peucinian Societies' libraries and recitation-rooms ; and on the upper floor, dormitories. Applt'lon Hall, containing dormitories. Kiiiff Chapel, containing the picture-gallery, library- rooms, and Historical Society's rooms. Adams Hall, containing the lecture-rooms of chemistry and physics, and the rooms of the Medical School. Analytical Laboratory and Mimorial Hall, containing gymnasium. These buildings, witii the exception of Adams Hall and the Analytical Laboratory, will, when the original plan is comj)leted, form a quadrangle, the side towards the public road being open. TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 245 The present total estimated value of the college property, real estate and permanent material, is $375,()0(( ; the pro- ductive funds are $244,000 ; the total annual income is $30,0t)0. Besides the three literary societies of the college, already mentioned, it is proper to add that there have been, from time to time, several secret associations formed, which are presumably for literary purposes. The principal ones, if not all, are designated as the Alpha Delta Phi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Chi Psi, Psi Upsilon, and Theta Delta Chi. The liistory of these societies is, of course, known only to the initiated. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF M.\INE. In 1 820 an act was passed by the Legislature establish- ing a Medical School, to be connected with Bowdoin Col- lege, and also making an annual grant of $1000, during the pleasure of the Legislature, for the promotion of the objects designed in its establishment. Dr. Nathan Smith, a mem- ber of several societies, both in this country and in Europe, founder of the Medical School of New Hampshire, and an eminent physician and surgeon, was appointed Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine. He also assumed the duties of instructor in anatomy and surgery. He was assisted in the latter branches by Dr. John D. Wells, who had just taken his medical degree at Cambridge. At the close of the first course of lectures Dr. A\'ells was chosen to fill the chair of Anatomy, and immediately sailed for Europe, where he spent nearly two years preparing himself ibr the discharge of the duties of his office. After a short but brilliant career as a lecturer at this college, at the Berkshire Medical Institution, and at Baltimore, he died, and was succeeded, in 1831, by Dr. Keuben D. Mussey. In 1825 the chair of Obstetrics was founded, and Dr. James McKcen was appointed professor. Dr. McKecn prepared himself for the duties of his office by a prelimi- nary study in the lying-in hospitals of Europe, and served acceptably until 1839, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Ebenezer Wells, M.D., as lecturer. In 184(i the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics was founded, and Dr. Charles A. Lee was chosen as lec- turer, and in 1854 as professor. He resigned in 1859, and was succeeded by Dr. Israel T. Dana as lecturer, and afterwards as professor in full. Dr. Thorndike resigned in 1861, and was succeeded by Dr. William C. Robinson. In 1849 the chair of Medical Jurisprudence was founded, and Hon. John S. Tenney was chosen as lecturer. In 1857 the chair of Anatomy was separated from that of Surgery and joined to that of Physiology, and Dr. David S. Conant was elected, at first as lecturer, and afterwards as professor. He was succeeded in 18C3 by Dr. Corydon L. Ford. Edmund R. Peaslee, M.D., who had been chosen as lecturer on Anatomy and Surgery in 1843, and as a professor in these branches in 1845, was in 1857 appointed Professor of Surgery. From 1820 until his death in 1858, Professor Parker Cleaveland gave an annual course of lectures on chemistry to the medical students. Under the influence and by the exertions of these gen- tlemen and their successors, this medical school has enjoyed a good degree of prosperity. At first, and for many years. the lectures were given in the upper room of Massachusetts Hall, but in 18G1 the Adams Hall was built expressly for the accommodation of this school. The present accommodations are ample, and the .school has a valuable cabinet and an excellent library of choice works and expensive plates. Clinical instruction is given several times a week, and students can have the privilege of occasional visits to the hospitals of Portland at but slight expense. This school, during the fifty-seven years of its existence, has graduated 1174 pupils, of whom 70 have been alumni of Bowdoin College. The last class numbered 90 members, and the present number of instructors is 10. The following is a list of the professors and lecturers not already men- tioned : of Chemistry, Professors Paul A. Chadbourne, Cyrus F. Brackett, and Ilcnry Carmichael ; of Tiieory and Practice, Henry H. Childs, Daniel Oliver, Profes.sor John De La Mater, Profe.s.sor William Sweetzer, William Perry, James McKeen, Israel T. Dana, Professor Alonzo B. Palmer, and Alfred Mitchell, Adjunct Professor; of Anat- omy and Surgpiy, Jedediah Ci)bb and Joseph Roby; of Anatomy and I'liysiology, Profcs.sors Thomas T. Sabine and Thomas Dwight; of Anatomy, Professors Thomas Dwight and Stephen H. Weeks; of Physiology , Professors Robert Ainory and Burt G. Wilder; of Surgery, Pro- fessors Timothy Childs, David S Conant, ami William W. Green ; licciurers, Alphous B. Cro.^by and Thomas T. Sabine; of Obstetrics, lienjamiii F. B.uker, Professor Amos Nourse, Theodore H. Jewett, Professors William C. Robinson, Edward W. Jenks, and Alfred Mitchell; of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Professors Dana, Wil- liam C. Robinson, George L. Goodale, and Frederick H. Gerrish ; of Medical Jurisprudence, Cyrus F. Brackett, John Appleton, and Professor Charles W. Goddard. This .school has exerted a very marked influence on the interests of medical science, and also upon the general interests of education in the State, and has annually sent forth a corps of physicians qualified not only to cope vigor- ously with the unseen, though certain foe of the human race, but who have also .shown themselves, hitherto, alive to the material welfare and best interests of the State, and have thus far more than repaid the amount expended upon the school by the State. CHURCHES. FIRST PARISH. In 1718, Rev. James Woodside was called to be the first parish minister. The first meeting-house was begun in 1719. It stood where the old burying-ground is, a mile south of the colleges. Mr. Woodside received a salary of £40 per annum, but he did not suit the people, and was dismissed after the expiration of one year. Rev. Isaac Taylor was his successor, who was employed to preach in Brunswick and Topsham for one year, 1721. The first minister after the incorporation of the town was Rev. Robert Rutherford, who commenced his labors in 1735, and closed them in 1742. Among those who followed were Revs. Samuel Osborne and James Morton. Revs. Blowers, Crumble, and McClanathan are also mentioned, but none of them appear to have settled as parish ministers. In No- 246 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. vember, 1742, Rev. Mr. Hodges, of Fiilraoutb, was era- ployed to preach " five or six niontlis, on a .salary of £3 per vpeek." The parish was without a minister from this time till March, 1747, when it was voted to settle Rev. Robert Dunlap, at a salary of £200 a year (old tenor). In 1754 the proprietors deeded him 150 acres of land. Mr. Dunlap continued to minister to the parish till October, 17G0. Rev. John Miller, of Milton, Mass., was ordained and settled over the parish in November, 1762, and remained till his death, in 1788. Rev. Abram 5Ioore was the next minister, for six months, and was followed by Rev. Ebenezer Coffin, who was pastor till 1801. From this time till 1806, there was occasional preaching in the old meeting-house. In 1806 the old house was abandoned by the parish, and a new one, built on the hill, was occupied. At this date the town ceased to manage the affairs of the parish. At what time the church was organized is not known. Its male members in 1761 were Jolin Minot, Samuel Clarke, Ebenezer Stanwood, William Simpson, David Dunning, John Orr, Samuel Whitney, Isaac Snow, James Thomp- son, Aaron Hinkley, Samuel Stanwood, James Elliott, Wil- liam Ross, William Stanwood, Thomas Adams, Thomas Skolfield, and John Smart. The church was originally Presbyterian in form, and so continued during the ministry of Mr. Dunlap. It was then for a time Congregationalist, and then returned to fellow^hip in the Londonderry Pres- bytery. The north gallery of the new church edifice was reserved for students in the Bowdoin College. After Mr. Coffin's dismissal, the parish for several years had only occasional preaching, and for considerable of the time was without any, .so that in April, 1810, the parish voted to petition the Court of Common Pleas for a remission of the fine that had been imposed upon them '■ fur not being supplied with preaching." In 1824 a bell was placed in the tower of the meeting-house. The next pastor was Rev. Winthrop Bailey, who settled over the parish in 1811, and continued to officiate till 1814. Rev. Asa Mead was the next .settled minister, in 1822. He was dismissed at his own request in July, 1829, and in No- vember Rev. George Jj. Adams was called, and was in- stalled December 29th. Dr. Adams was called from the professorship of sacred rhetoric in the Bangor Theological Seminary. Ilis ministry was continued with uninterrupted unanimity for a period of forty-one years, and closed in August, 1870. In December, 1870, Rev. Ezra II. Bying- ton (graduate of the University of Vermont, 1852) was invited to supply the pulpit, and in January following be- came pastor of the church by a unanimous invitation. The third edifice of the church was built in 1806, and dedicated in 1807. The building was remodeled and made more pleasant and commodious in 1833. lu 1845 it was taken down and the present edifice erected upon its site. BAPTIST CHURCHES. The first services in Brunswick by any preacher of the Baptist denomination were held in the year 1783. About this time Polders Case, Potter, and Lord preached here in some private houses, and the attention of the public was drawn to their theological views. On the 22d of October, 1783, Rev. Isaac Case preached in the house of Mr. Wood- ward, and on the following afternoon at the house of Mr. Samuel Getchell. In 1789 or 1790, Samuel Woodward and others formed themselves into a Baptist Society and refused taxes to the First Parish. In May, 1790, Joseph Morse entered in the town records his protest against ever paying anything to any Congregational or Presbyterian preacher. On June 29, 1794, Judah Chase, William Mariner, Aaron Snow, Samuel Mariner, John Getchell, John Mari- ner, Charles Cowan, I'eter Jordan, Robert Jordan, Anthony Woodside, David Ferrin, John Ferrin, Robert Dunning, David Clark, Benjamin Getchell, Stephen Getchell, Joha Williams, George Williams, Philip Iliggins, Reuben Ilig- gins, Sylvanus Combs, Philip Higgins, Jr., Samuel Wil- liams, William Thompson, Joseph O'Donehue, Joseph Morse, Richard Orr, William Stanwood, Samuel Dunlap, Daniel Brown, Philip Owens, Samuel Iluey, Joseph Ro.ss, John Mariner, Jr., Josiah Sinip.son, ^lichaol Grows, NathaD Combs, George Winslow, Joseph Saint Combs, William Dunning, Samuel Woodward, Peter Woodward, William Getchell, Jr., Ezekiel Spaulding, Ezekiel Spaulding, Jr., John S. Getchell, John Rideout, Samuel Getchell, John Matthews, David Linseott, William Woodside, Jr , George Combs, and George Comhs, Jr., were incorporated by the name of " The Baptist Religious Society in Brun.swiek, Harpswell, and Bath." Previous to this time the society had no legal existence. In May, 1795, the town voted to pass by the fourth article in the warrant concerning allowing the Baptists to use the meeting-houses a part of the time. In 1799, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judah Chase, Samuel Dunlap, Josiah Simpson, Anthony Woodside, Michael Grows, and Jo.seph Ross withdrew from this society and formed one at Maquoit. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OP BRUNSWICK. This church was formed in 1799 by the following-named persons, dismissed from the Bowdoin and Harpswell churches for that purpose : Judah Chase, Samuel Dunlap, William Stanwood, Sarah Woodside, Philip Owen, Mrs. Ross, wife of William Ross, and J. Merrill. The following is a list of the members of the church in 1803: Deacon Samuel Dunlap, Judah Chase, Philip Owen, John Merrill, Esq., Wm. Woodside, iMrs. Sarah Woodside, Mrs. Ro.ss, wife of Wm. Ross, Abraham Tooth- aker and his wife, Betsey Owen, Molly Toothaker, Jane Curtiss, Molly Merryman, Mr. Browning and Mrs. Brown- ing, Elisha Snow, Jean Dunning, Betsey Alexander, Mar- tha Hunt, Jane Martin, Mrs. Snow, wife of Elisha Snow, Mrs. Brown, wife of Daniel Brown, Sarah Alexander, Mrs. Sparks, Hitty Hasey, Abner Melcher, Nabby Atherton, Katharine Willson, Andrew Blake, Hesiah Blake, Peggy Stanwood, Ann Chase, and Shimuel Owen. On the 22d of February, 1803, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judah Chase, Samuel Dunlap, Josiah Simpson, Anthony Woodside, Michael Grows, Jo- seph Ross, Samuel Stanwood, William Woodside, Andrew Blake, Abraham Toothaker, William Starbird, David Cur- tis, James Stanwood, Adam Woodside, David Dunning, William Ross, Frederick Frencii, Nathaniel Chase, James TOWN OF BRUNSWICK. 247 Chase, AVilliatn Swett, Sliiniuel Owen, Abner Melcher, AVilliiini Low, Charles Ryan, Ephiaiiu Hunt, William Lunt, Andrew Duniiinj;, William Hunt, Anthony Chase, GiJeon Toothaker, Juhn Given, David Given, and Uriah Elliot were ineorporated as the Baptist Societ}' in Bruiiswiek. The pastors of this church liave been Elders Williams and Kendall, prior to Elder Benjamin Titcomb ; Benja- min Titcomb, 1804-21; Benjamin Titeomb, Jr., 1822 -27 ; Samuel Mariner, Adam Wilson, Shiiuuel Owen, Henry Randall, supplies, 1827-30 ; John Bailey, 1880-33; William Johnson, 183G-40; Noah Norton, 1840-45; Jo- seph Hutchinson, 1848-52 ; Greuville M. Atkins, 18(J7-G8. BAPTIST MEETING-HODSES. The first meeting-house erected by the Baptists was built at Maquoit, in 1708 or 1799. It stood about a mile below the old First Parish meeting-house, where the old Maquoit burying-ground is. It was somewhat like the old First Parish meeting-house, having no steeple, and being roughly finished. In 1853 it was sold to Samuel Dunning, and moved to his ship-yard for a boarding-house. The next building erected by the Baptists was at New Meadows, in the year 1800. In 1848 it was taken down, and the present edifice erected on its site. The third Baptist meeting-house was what is now known as the Congregational Vestry. It was erected in 1826, by the " Second Baptist Society," and occupied by them for about ten years. In 1841 it was sold to the First Parish. The fourth building erected by the Baptists was the one now occupied by the Catholics, on Federal Street. It was erected in 1829, by the Federal Street Baptist Society. It cost about $800. It was sold to the Methodists in 1836, was occupied by them until the erection of their present house in 186G, and was subsequently sold to the Catholics. The Maine Street Baptist church was erected in 1840. In 1867 it was remodeled and greatly improved, at a cost of $2000. The pulpit and platform were remodeled and finished in black walnut and chestnut, to correspond with the newly-arranged pews, which were also made of chestnut, and without doors. The aisles were carpeted, the ceiling was frescoed, and gas-fixtures were put in. FREE-WILL BAPTIST MEETINGHOUSE. The first Free-Will Baptist nieeting-hou.se was erected in 1810. It was a small, one-story building, and stood quite near the Freeport line. What became of this build- ing is not known. The society worshiping in it afterwards, in 1827, united with the Universalists and Congregation- alists in building the Union meeting-house at Growstown. The village church of the Free-Will Baptists, on O'Brien Street, was erected in 1876, the society having previously worshiped in Lemont Hall. THE UNION MEETING-HOUSE AT GROWSTOWN was erected in 1827. This house was built jointly by the Free-Wdl Baptists, the Congregationalists, and the Uni- versalists. Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, a Universalist, preached the first sermon in it. It is still used by the Free-Will Baptists, who, although it was built fur a union meeting- house, have had control of it most of the time. UNIVERSALIST MEETING-nOUSES. The first church edifice erected by the Universalists was situated on Federal Street, opposite the present high school building, on the lot now owned by the Unitarians. It was built in 1828, and cost about $700, which in those days was quite a sum of money. Mr. Anthony C. Raymond built the house chiefly at iiis own expense. When com- pleted he sold pews to fifteen persons, and subsequently a few more pews were disposed of, but he was ^ - <;S-«^ce..<.<^t-'(^^j2.,^<^$iix:,^ CAPE ELIZABETH. DESCRIPTION AND BOUNDARIES. Cape Elizabeth isa peninsula projecting southward into the Atlantic Ocean, and forming the western headland of Casco Bay. As a town or municipality it takes its name from the cape which constitutes the southern end of the peninsula ; and is bounded north by the towns of Westbrook and Deering, and by Fore River and Portland Harbor, east by Casco Bay, south by the Atlantic Ocean, and west by the Spurwink River and Scarborough. The town em- braces Richmond Island, the earliest settled portion of this whole region of country, and several small islets off its southern coast, viz., the Sisters, Stephen's Rock, Ram Island, Chimney Rock, and the Brothers. The light-houses and coast-features of the cape are described in the general chapter on topography. The town contains an area of about 13,000 acres. Being nearly surrounded by tide-water. Cape Elizabeth has no interior sewers for its drainage, its boundary lines being Fore River on the north, which separates it from Portland, and the Spurwink, which bounds it on the west to its first principal fork, which is a small tributary with two branches lying wholly on the west side of the town. Trout Brook flows northeast into Portland Harbor at Kiiightville ; and Pond Creek in the northeast enters Fore River at Ligonia. There are two ponds, called Great and Small Ponds, lying in the southern part of the town. The Eastern Railroad, crossing Fore River at Turner's Island, passes southwestward through the town, on its way from Portland to Saco, Portsmouth, and Boston. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The earliest settlement within Cape Elizabeth, as we have elsewhere stated, was on Richmond Island, a place which for many years, when there were but few huts on the main- land, was the principal harbor, fishing-station, and com- mercial port of this coast. Walter Bagnall, called " Great AValt," some time in the year 1628, established him.self upon the island for the purpose of trading with the Indians. Winthrop says, " He lived alone upon the island tliree years, and had accumulated £400, mostly in goods, by his trade with the Indians, whom he had much wronged." His conduct so exasperated tlie natives that they put an end to his life, and to that of a companion who seems then to have been associated with him, Oct. 3, 1G31, burnt his house and plundered his property. Thus ended the first com- mercial transactions on the island, but, as we shall see farther on, they were soon renewed and carried on by another party on a much larger and more respectable scale. GRANT TO TRELAWNY AND GOODYEARE. The first grant of land in Cape Elizabeth wa.s made by the Plymouth Council, Dec. 1, 1G31, to Robert Trelawny 32 and Moses Goodyeare, merchants of Plymouth, England. The grant comprised the whole of what is now the town of Cape Elizabeth, including Richmond Island. The patentees appointed John Winter, who was then in this country, their principal agent. A copy of the grant was immediately sent to him, and on the 21st of July, 1632, he was put in pos- session of the tract by Richard Vines, of Saco, one of the persons appointed by the grantors for that purpose. There were at that time settled upon the territory near the mouth of the Spurwink River, George Cleaves and Richard Tucker, who had established themselves there in 1630. They had selected one of the most valuable spots in the tract, and claimed to hold against Winter 2000 acres of land, with their improvements, of which, however, they were forcibly dispossessed. Cleaves, in 1640, when regular courts were established by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, brought an action of trespass against Winter, to recover damages for the removal ; and in his declaration he stated his title as follows: "joining himself in partnership with Richard Tucker, then of Spurwink, who had also a right of in- lieritance there, the which he bought and purchased for a valuable consideration of Richard Bradshaw, who was for- merlie settled there by Capt. Walter Neale, by virtue of a commission to him given by some of the lords patentees, and soe as appeareth the said Richard Tucker was lawfully possessed of a right of inheritance at and in the said Spur- wink. Alsoe, the plaintifi' further declareth that he join- ing his right by promise and possession with his partner's right by purchase and possession, and soe being account- able to his said partner, they both agreed to joync their rights together, and there to build, plante, and continue, which when the plaintiff had done, and was there settled for two years or thereaboutes, this defendant, John Winter, came and pretended an interest there, by virtue of a suc- ceeding pattent surrupticiouslie obtained, and soe by force of arms expelled and thrust away the plaint, from bis house, lands, and goods." The verdict in this case was as follows : " The jury find for the plaint, the house and land inclosed, containing foure acres or thercaboute, joyning with the said house, and give him eighty pounds for damage, and twelve shillings and six pence for the cost of the Courtc." It appears from the above statement of Cleaves that Richard Bradshaw, from whom Tucker purchased his place at Spurwink, must have been the first settler on the main- land of Cape Elizabeth, as Walter Bagnall was the first on Richmond Island. It is stated that Bradshaw " was settled here by Capt. Walter Neale," but the date is not given. Walter Neale arrived in this country in the spring of 1630, and returned in the summer of 1633. He came out as Governor of the company at Piscataqua, now Portsmouth, 1V3 250 niSTORY OF CUMBKRLAND COUNTY, MAINE. N. H. It must have been before his visit to this country that he settled Bradsliaw at Spurwink, sending him out from Endand ; for Tueicer, who bought his claim, settled here in !(!;!(). COMMERCE OK THE ISLAND. Joeelyn, in 1G38, says that Winter employed GO men in the fishing business. The trade in beaver this year in this neighborhood was also very sueccssful ; the government of Plymouth Colony procured at their trading-house on the Kennebec 20 hogsheads, which was sent to England. This was a principal article of commerce in the early settle- ment of the country ; it was a sort of circulating medium or standard of value among the white people and natives, and remittances to the mother-country were made by it. About the year 1(J40 the price of it in Casco was from 0' to 8 shillings a pound, and it was received in payment for commodities and labor. Winter, in 1G40, was complained of for trying to keep down the price to 6 shillings. In the spring of 1635, a ship of 80 tons and a pinnace of 10 tons arrived at Richmond Island. In IGHG, Mr. Trelawny alone is mentioned as proprietor of the patent, and March 2Gth of that year he committed the full govern- ment of the plantation to Mr. Winter, who appears after that time to have had an interest of one-tenth in the specu- lation, and in addition to his proportion of the profits, he was to receive from the general fund " forty pounds per an- num in money for his personal care and charge." After this time the business of the plantation was pursued with great activity until the death of Trelawny, which took place in 1G4-1. They employed the ship "Agnes," the bark " Richmond," the ships " Hercules" and " Margery," and one other, whose name is not mentioned. In 1G38, Mr. Trelawny sent a ship of 300 tons to the island, laden with wine. This was probably the proceeds of a cargo of fish sent to Spain or Portugal. The merchandisse sent to the proprietor in England con- sisted principally of pipe-staves, beaver, fish, and oil. In 1 G39, Winter sent in the bark " Richmond" 6000 pipe-staves, which were valued here at 8 pounds 8 shillings a thousand. Some shipments were made directly from the plantation to Spain, and a profitable intercourse seems to have been car- ried on for the proprietors a number of years, until it was suspended by the death of Trelawny. After that time the want of capital, probably, prevented Winter from employ- ing ships on his own account, and Trelawny's heir was but a child of six or seven years old. The commercial character of the plantation declined from that time, and the trade gradually sought other channels, until the mouth of the Spurwink and Richmond Island became entirely deserted. Their mercantile prosperity is now only to be found among the perishable and almost perished memorials of a by-gone age. OPERATIONS OF KOBKKT .lOltDAN. Robert Jordan was the principal landed proprietor in Cape Elizabeth, and the lands here are chiefly held under his grants at this time. His earliest conveyances were to Joseph Phippen, Sampson Penley, Robert and Thomas Staniford, Ralph Turner, and some others along the north- ern part of the town ; but he retained possession of Spur- wink and nearly all the southern part, containing the marshes and the most valuable land. He was not content with the large tract over which his title was undisputed, but sought for many years to extend his domain to the Presnmpscot River on the north and east. He was thus brought into a long controversy with George Cleaves and his tenants, who held and occupied the land on the Neck and vicinity, which was continued during his life. Jordan was a man of enterprise, and by proposing to the inhabi- tants of this part of Falmouth that he desired to occupy certain portions of the land for the purpose of building mills and making other public improvements, alike bene- ficial to all, he secured to an appeal which he addressed to them June 28, 1658, quite a large number of signatures of citizens consenting to allow him to have peaceable posses- sion. The names of these persons were Robert Corbin, Thomas Grinley, John Sears, Thomas Haines, Francis Neale, Michael Mitton, Nathaniel Wallis, Nicholas White, William Ryall, Jane Macworth, Thomas Morrice, James Andrews, Gyles Roberts, Richard Martin, Sampson Penley, and Joseph Phippen. The controversy between Cleaves and Jordan was carried into the first court which appears to have been held in the county after the submission ot Falmouth and Scarborough to the authoiity of Massachusetts. This was on the 4th of July, 1659. The firet action was brought by Cleaves against Jordan for breach of the arbitration bond entered into by Cleaves and John Winter in 1640, by which they bound themselves in the sum of £1000 to abide the award of referees on the subject of the disputed title to lands. This action was withdrawn. At the same court Cleaves entered another action against Jordan, " for making de- mands of certain lands purchased by great sums of money, and possessed by order of former grants these twenty-seven years." This action called forth proof of the original title, and Jordan introduced the certificate of part of the judges who tried the action in 1640 between Cleaves and Winter, taken soon after that trial, of which the following is an ex- tract: "That which Mr. Cleaves and the jury took for Casco River to be but a creek into which we saw but one little brook to run, but the other which Sir. Trelawny takes for Casco River to be the river, it hath its issue out of a great pond named Sabadock ; the river is of a reason- able depth and breadth, by the relation of the ancient in- habitants and natives, ever to have been called Casco River."' This is signed by Thomas Gorges, Henry Jocclyn, and Richard Vines. Jordan also introduced the deposition of Roger Willine, taken Dec. 7, 1658, in which he says that " about 21 or 22 years agone he helped to row up the river which runneth by Mrs. Jane Macworth's, to ye falls called Casco Falls, Mr. Richard Vines, Mr. Arthur Macworth> Mr. John Winter, Mr. Henry Abilie, with divers others whom he hath forgotten, where he saw Mr. Richard Vines deliver unto Mr. John Winter possession of the lands and falls there, by turf and twig." On the other hand. Cleaves relied on his deeds and possession; but the jury found for Jordan. Jordan also recovered judgment against him iu an action of debt for £10 10s. Cleaves attributed his ill success in the county court to the fact that Jordan himself was one of the judges ; he W %»^ jl MRS.EBEN N.PERRr. EBEN N.PERRY. Residence OF EBEN N. PERRY, Cape ELi^ABfJH, Me TOWN OF CAPE ELIZABETH. 251 therefore sought redress hy a petition to the General Court, May 24, lOGl. But neither under this petition nor anoti)er, presented by him the following year, did he obtain any satisfaction. The matter was left in controversy till it was finally settled by the grandson of Robert Jordan and the " new proprietors" of Falmouth, in 1728. During the first Indian war, 17G."), an attack was made on the settlement at Spurwink. Mr. Robert Jordan had barely time to escape from his house, when it was destroyed with all its contents, and he removed to Great Island, now New Castle, in the Piscataqua River. He ended his active life at Portsmouth, N. II., in 1679, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His will was made at Great Island, January 28th, and proved July 1, 1G79. He had lost the use of his hands before his death, and was unable to sign his will. He left a widow, Sarah, the only daughter of John Winter, and six sons, viz., John, Robert, Dominicus, Jedediah, Samuel, and Jeremiah. In his will he confiimed to his sons John and Robert the laud that he had previously con- veyed to them, which was situated in Cape Elizabeth. To bis son John he conveyed Richmond Island, Jan. 25, 1G77, as the administrator of Winter, who had given it to his grand.son as a legacy. In his will he bequeathed to his wife the old plantation at Spurwink, consisting of 1000 acres, and lying between the lands of his sons John and Dominicus, aud also the Nonsuch farm in Scarborough, con- taining 2000 acres. To Dominicus he bequeathed 1000 acres at Spurwink, adjoining the old plantation ; to Jede- diah 1000 acres, and to Samuel 1100 acres, both at Spur- wink. For more than thirty years Robert Jordan occupied a large space in the affairs of the town and the province. He was an active, enterprising man, and placed by educa- tion above the mass of the people with whom he connected himself. Although he came to this county as a minister, the engrossing coneerus of business seemed to have turned his attention entirely away from that pursuit.* His pos- terity for many years exercised very great influence in the concerns of the town, aud long maintained a high standing in the province. John and Robert did not fix their permanent residences here; the former married Elizabeth, daughter of Elias Stileman, of Portsmouth, in 1677 or 1G78, and Robert conveyed to Nathaniel Fryer, of Portsmouth, July 14, 1G70, the laud in Cape Elizabeth which he received of his father. Tiie first Dominicus was killed by the Indians in 1703; his eldest son, Dominicus, was thirteen years a captive in Canada, and ran away. His name frequently occurs in the later transactions of the town ; he attained the rank of major, and died in 1749, aged sixty-six. His son Domin- icus died in 1788, aged seventy-two; the fourth Domin- icus was at the tiiue of his death the oldest man iu tiie town. Dominicus Jordan, third son of Robert Jordan, married Hannah, a daughter of Ralph Tristram, of Saco, as early * During a period of about tliirty-si.\ years Mr. Jordan offiointed onca.sionally in the services of tlio Episcopal Cburcli, until *' silenced'' by tlio government of Massachusetts. as 1683, and lived at Spurwink. By her he had Domin- icus, born in 1G84; Mary Ann, Samuel, Nathaniel, Han- nah (married to Joseph Calef, of Boston), and Klizabcth, married to Humphrey Scamman, of Saco. Capt. Jordan was killed in the war of 1703 by the Indians, and his wife and family were carried to Canada. They were all restored by Mary Ann, to whom the name of Arabella was given by her French masters. She married in Canada, where she was living in 17G0, and never returned. The eldest son, Doiuinicus, escaped after a residence there of several years, and was an active and useful man in the suksequent affairs of this part of the country. He was the progenitor of a numerous race, part of whom now occupy the ]>aternal estate. Nathaniel also established himself on his hered- itary estate, which was finally divided among the heirs in 1754. Samuel and Elizabeth lived in Saco, where their posterity still remain and hold respectable rank. In April, 1728, Dominicus Jordan rclea.sed, by a contract made with the proprietors of the town of Falmouth, all the ancient claim of the Jordan family to land on the north side of Fore River, about which so long a controversy had existed between his grandfather, Robert Jordan, and George Cleaves. He entered heartily into the views of the " new proprietors," was chosen on the committee to resist the claims of the '• old proprietors" before the Legislature, and in January, 1730, was selected with John Perry, Joshua Woodbury, John East, and Moses Pearson to hear the proposals of the ancient proprietors. But a general arrangement could not at that time be effected. Warrants were obtained by both parties from John Gray, of Bidde- ford, in March and April, 1730, to call meetings, the result of which was that a " propriety" was established distinct from the town, the intercst.s and doings of which were for- ever conducted separately, and B'ccordcd iu books kept by their own clerk. After the country had been desolated by the second In- dian war, the progress of resettlement was slow for sev- eral years. In 1726, eight persons, several of whom had families, purchased a tract of land near Pond Cove, of Samuel Jordan. " They bound themselves in writing to stand by each other in peace and war, and the first thing they did, built a garrison for the good of the whole."! FIRST MILL.S IX CAPE ELIZABETH. We find in a note to " Smith's Journal," that in 1722 the town of Falmouth granted Lawrence Creek, opposite Port- land, and 100 acres of land to the men who would under- take to set up a corn-mill there. Tiie first grist-mill was erected on this creek by Messrs. Sawyer and York, in 1726. "Smith's Journal," speaking of this, saj's, "They finished their grist-mill, wiiicli every way answered their ex- pectations." This seems to have been the first mill of the kind in the entire settlement about Casco Bay, for the Journal adds, " The people before this sent their corn to Boston to be ground." The same parties subsequently built a saw-mill in the Siime neighborhood. In 1749, Cape Elizabeth numbered 150 faroilicti, and 900 iuhabilauts.| Its population in 1870 was 5106. t Smith's Journal. J Ibid. 252 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Cape Elizabeth, which had foriiieily been the second parish of Falmouth, was incorporated as a separate munici- pality or district, Nov. 1, 1765. Its charter conferred upon it all the rights and immunities of a town, except the right of sending a representative to the General Court, for which purpose it remained connected with Falmouth till the commencement of the Revolution. This restriction was in accordiince with the instructions of the king to the gov- ernors, forbidding the incorporation of towns with the power of .sending representatives, and making new towns, and parts of towns set off from old ones, simply districts. It is said that the people of Cape Elizabeth intended to give to their town the name of Portland, that being the earliest English name by which Bang's Island and the mainland were known, but at the time the district was set off, the government, wiiich usually determined on the name, applied the title of the cape to the whole territory. The first town- or district-meeting of Cape Elizabeth was held at the old parish meeting-house, on the 2d of Decem- ber, 17C5. Capt. John Robinson, Sr., was chosen Moderator, and Mr. Thomas Simonton elected District Clerk ; Thomas Maxwell, Capt. Samuel Skillin, and Mr. Jonathan Lovitt were chosen Selectmen ; Peter Woodbury, Constable ; Joseph Marriner, Clement Jordan, and Joseph Weston, Assessors ; and Micah Dyer, Collector, till March ensuing. As a subject of curious interest, showing the variety of matters which had to be taken care of by the town in those early days, we give the list of officers chosen at the March meeting for 1766: Thomas Maxwell, Samuel Skillin, and Jonathan Lovitt, Selectmen ; Thomas Simonton, District Clerk ; Noah Jordan, Constable and Collector ; Peter Woodbury, Treasurer ; James Dyer, Clerk of the Market ; Joshua Robinson, Peter Woodbury, Andrew Simonton, Samuel York, Fence-Viewers and Field-Drivers ; Joseph Dingly, Ebenezer Sawyer, Noah Jordan, George Strout, Jr., John York, Samuel York, Thomas Fickett, Samuel Saw3'er, and Simeon Armstrong, Surveyors of Highways; John Fundy, James Leach, Thomas Millet, Jacob Sawyer, John Armstrong, and Nathaniel Jordan, H og- Reeves ; Samuel Skillin, James Dyer, Stephen Randall, and James Leach, Sealers of Wood and Surveyors of Lumber ; Joseph Cobb, Jr., Walter Simonton, and George Fundy, Cullers of Fish ; Peter Woodbury and Ebenezer Sawyer, Sealers of Leather ; Samuel Jordan and Nathaniel Skillin, Deer- Reeves; George Strout, Jr., and Joseph Weston, Wardens ; Jacob Sawyer and Jeremiah Jordan, Tything-Men ; James Dyer, Measurer of Corn ; Job Sawyer, Pound-Keeper ; Nathaniel Skillin and Capt. Nathaniel Jordan, Cullers of Hoops and Staves. This town-meeting was held on Tuesday, March 18, 1766. The selectmen from that time to the present (1879) have been as follows : CIVIL LIST. SELECTMEN. 1766-68. — Jonathan Lovitt, fc^amuel Skillin, Thomas Maxwell.* 1769. — Clement .lordan, Joseph Cobb, Jr., Samuel Skillin. * In 1767 the selectmen were also assessor.", and fur the most part have continued to act in that capacity ever since. 1770. — Clement Jordan, John York, Jonathan Lovitt. 1771. — Joseph Marriner, James Dyer, fieorge Strout, Jr. 1772.— Ji.nulhun Lovitt, Joseph Sawyer, Patrick Maxwell. 1773.— Samuel Skillin, Jonathan Lovitt, Daviil Strout. 1774.— David Strout, Clement Jordan, Samuel Skillin. 1775. — Samuel Skillin, David Strout, Joseph Marriner. 1776, — Joseph Cobb, David Strout, Benjamin Jordan. 1777-78. — Benjamin Jordan, Joseph Cobb, James Dyer. 1779. — Clement .Jordan, George Strout, Oeorge Deake. 1780-81.— Nathaniel Staples, Stephen Randall, David Strout. 1782-86. — Benjamin Jordan, Stephen Kandall, Barzillai Delano. 1787. — George Deake, Joshua Dyer, Barzillai Delano. 1788-89.— Benjamin Jordan, Barzillai Delano, Joshua Dyer. 1790.— .Matthew Simonton. Nathaniel Dyer, Barzillai Delano. 1791-92. — Ezekiel Jordan, James Leach, Barzillai Delano. 1793.— Timothy Jordan, Samuel Calef, Ezekiel Jord;in. 1794-95.— Ezekiel Jordan, Joshua Dyer, Barzillai Delano. ]79l)-97.— Mark Dyer, Ezekiel Jordan, John Mars. 1798.— Jacob Waterhouse, Ezekiel Jordan, Robert Dyer. 1799.— Ezekiel Jordan, Robert Dyer, Mark Dyer. 1800. — George Deake, Samuel Dunn, Seecomb Jordan. 1801.- Ezekiel Jordan, Elisha Jordan, Zebulon Trickey. 1802.— Ezekiel Jordan, .Mark Dyer, Zebulon Trickey. 1803.— Morell Jordan, Lemuel Cobb, Zebulon Trickey. 1S04-6.— Ezekiel Jordan, Mark Dyer, John Goold. ISO". — Daniel Skillin, Mark Dyer, Jacob AVaterhouse. 1808.— Daniel Skillin, William Cobb, Jacob Waterhouse. 1809.— Mark Dyer, Ebenezer Thrasher, Zebulon Trickey. 1810. — Nathaniel Dyer, Ebenezer Thrasher, Samuel Dunn. lSll-13. — Ebenezer Thrasher, Nathaniel Dyer, William Cummings, 1814-15. — William Cummings, Lemuel Cobb, Ebenezer Thrasher. 1816. — Ebenezer Thrasher, Lemuel Cobb, Ephriiim Broad. 1817-18. — William Cuuiming.«, Ebenezer Thrasher, Lemuel Cobb. 1819. — Ebenezer Thrasher, William Cummings, James Dyer. 1820. — Ebenezer Thrasher, John Armstrong, James Dyer. 1821. — Woodbury Jordan, John Armstrong. James Dyer. 1822. — Lemuel Cobb, .Tames Dyer, William Cummings. 1823. — Charles Staples, John Armstrong, Micah Higgins. 1824.— Lemuel Cobb, Charles Staples, John Armstrong. 1825-26. — Micah Higgins, .John Armstrong, William Cummings. 1827. — Micah Higgins, Woodbury Jordan, William Cummings. 1828. — Charles Staples, William Cummings, Woodbury Jordan. 1829.- William Cummings, Charles Staples, Micah Higgins. 1830-31.— Charles Staples, Nathaniel Dyer, William Cummings. 1832.— Charles Staples, Charles Hannaford, Randall Skillin. 1833-37.- Elliott Jordan, Charles Hannaford, Randall Skillin. 1838-40.— Charles Hannaford, Hiram Staples, Randall Skillin. 1841.— Aaron Bedell, Randall Skillin, Hiram Staples. 1842.— Ebenezer Thrasher, Aaron Bedell, Randall Skillin. 1843. — Randall Skillin, Reuben Higgins, Thomas Hannaford. 1844.— Thomas Hannaford, James Trickey, Hiram Staples. 1845.— Reuben Higgins, James Triekey, Elliott Wescott. ]846— 17. — Thomas Hannaford, Dennis M. Skillin, Ebenezer Jordain. 1S4S.— Thomns Hannaford, Reuben Higgins, Milton Dyer. 1849.— Elliott Wescott, Reuben Higgins, Milton Dyer. 1850.- Elliott Wescott, James M. Robinson, Alfred Dyer. 1851. — Stephen Hul)bard, James M. Robinson, Alfred Dyer. 1852. — Charles Hannaford, Stephen Hubbard, James M. Robinson, 185.5-54. — James Trickey, Alfred Dyer, Andrew W. I'eabbles. 1855.— James Tiiekey, Thomas E. Knight, Charles Barrell. 1856. — Benjamin W. I'ickctt, Thomas.E. Knight, Woodbury Dyer. 1857. — James Triekey, Woodbury Dyer, Thomas E. Knight. 1858. — James M. Robinson, Dennis M. Skillin, Daniel Pillsbury. 1859. — James Trickey, Samuel Haskell, Andrew W. Peabbles. 1860. — James Trickey, Benjamin W. I'iokett, Andrew W. Peabblee. 1861.— Dennis M. Skillin, David A. Sawyer, William R. Dyer. 1862.— Dennis M. Skillin, David W. Kincaid, Charles E. Jordan. 1863. — James Trickey, George W. Libby, Charles Peabbles. 1864. — James M. Robinson, George F. Henley, Cyrus Cole. 1865-66. — James M. Robinson, George F. Henley, Henry S. Jackson. 1807. — George F. Henley, Henry S. Jackson, Clement E. Staples. 1868. — James Trickey, George W. Libby, Michael Peabbles. 1869-71. — James Tiickey, Joseph S. Fickett, Charles A. Tilton. 1872.— Charles A. Tilton, Thomas B. Haskell, Michael J. Peabbles. 187.'?.- Nathan R. Dyer, Thomas B. Haskell, Elisha N. Jordan. I'huto. Iiy HiMicKi-, Au^'iislii. ^-7^^/^' The Trickey family i.s among the oldost and first settlers of York Co., Me., and tlie ancestors of tlie subject of tliis narrative are traced to the early settle- ment of what is now the town of Kittery, in that county. The occupation of past generations has l)een agriculturists, lumbermen, and ship-builders. Capt. Zebulon Trickey, his great-grandfather, removed from Kittery and settled in the town of Deer- ing (now Falmouth), Cumberland Co., in 1735. He had two sous, — Zebulon and David, the former of whom settled on the farm now owned and occuipied by his grandchildren. Zebulon's children are Eleanor, Rebecca, Mary, Zebulon, John, Lucy and Susannah (twins), and Eunice. The eldest son, Zeb- ulon, father of the subject of this narrative, was born Feb. 7, 1767; married J.ucy Skillin, Dec. 15, 1799. She was born in the town of Cape Elizabeth, Jan. 29, 1779. Their children were Rebecca, born Feb. 1 5, 1801 , died at the age of three years ; Samuel, born May 20, 180.}; John, born Jan. 17, 180G ; James, born April 12, 1809; Edward, born May IG, 1814; Robert, born March 29, 1818; and Lucy, born Sept. 15, 1824. Tlie father died Aug. 23, 1847; the mother died March 28, 1863. Of the children, all reside upon the old homestead except Edward, who is married and resides in Westbrook. "^^^^^6^ ^ James Trickey receivwl little education from books during his early life, but le:irned those lessons of self- reliance, economy, and industry, whicii many years ago laid the foundation for liis present pleasant sur- roundings and opulence. His sound judgment, in- tegrity in all his business relations, and correct habits in early manhood won the confidence of his fellow- townsmen, and at the age of thirty-five, in the year 1844, he was chosen one of the selectmen of his town, which position he held for many yeare ; and \vas also treasurer of the town for four years, and for two years its collector. In 1846 he representetl his Assembly district in the State Legislature, and again in 1856 he was honore primaries, and 4 mixed schools, beside the high school or District No. 14, in which the higher branches and a course preparatory for col- lege is pursued. The whole number of pupils registered in all the schools is as follows: spring, 1119; average attendance, 975; fall, 1129; average attendance, 1006; winter, 1141; average attendance, 967. The pupils in the high school were for the spring term 100, with an average attendance of 92; fall terra, 87 ; average attendance, 82 ; winter term, 89 ; average attendance, 80. The following is the school fund of the town for the year ending Feb. 1, 1879 : DISTRICT SCI.'OOI. Fl'ND. Town appropriation JlinO.OO Rec'.ived Irom Stale (bank ta.\) I21».:iu ' (mill ta.\) VJiSM Ti,t;il S7268.69 Per schohir 3.94 HIGH SCHOOL FUND. Appropriated by town §900.00 Received from State 500.00 Received from tuition fi.OO Total $U06.00 Less overdrawn, 1878 92.35 Net ami.nnt $l.iI.'i.B5 Amount expended 920.83 Estimated cost of winter term 435.50 The .schools of the town are all reported in a prosperous condition. The following respecting the high school we take from the last report of the committee on public schools : "We have been fortunate in keeping Mr. I). W. Hawkes as princi- pal. Miss H. M. Ilawkes left us at the eml of lust year for higher wages and a smaller school, in Deering. Wo employed Miss Annie Nichols, of Searsport. as assistant, who has filled the position with thoroughness and efficiency. We believe this school has fully main- tained its high rank for decorum and scholarship. It is an honor'to the town, and is doing for our youth a |irecious work which cannot be estimated in silver and gold. During the spring lenn we procured a fine organ for the use of the school at a net cost of $120, paying down S25; the balance was to be paid in installments at our convenience. Twenty-five dollars additional have been paid by the high school scholars, leaving a balance still duo of $70. Probably another pay- ment will be made before the end of this term. " Appleton's New American Cyclopedia has been purchased by the school— a very valuable acquisition— at the very moderate price of $25. The larger part of this was raised by subscription by th« scholars. It is hoped to raise the balance before the close of the cur- rent year. " A glance at the high school table will give an idea of the work done. •• It is to be understood that the second classes in arithmetic and English analysis in the spring term, and the classes in the same dur- ing the current term, are in review. By comparison with last year it 256 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. will be seen that the school is steadily advancing, especially in the direction of the higher English studies." The town-house, the second story of which is devoted to the high school, is a substantial three-story brick building, with a foundation of granite, and surmounted by a tower and bell. It was erected by the town in 1874, at a cost of over $12,000. The first floor contains the town-hall and offices, a fire-proof vault and every convenience for the trans- action of business, and there is a Masonic hall in the third story. Commillee. — J. W. Lowell, Chairman, E. A. Harlow, E. C. Reynolds. POOR-HOUSE AND FARM. For the care of the poor the town owns a farm and build- ings valued at $7500. The additional property on the farm is estimated at $1832.80. The amount expended for out supplies, and for consumption on the farm during the year ending Feb. 1, 1879, was $4410.61. FINANCIAL. The following is an account of the receipts and expendi- tures of the town of Cape Elizabeth for the year ending Feb. 1, 1879: TAXES ASSESSED 1878. For State ta.^ $7,149.39 County tax 2,642.58 Schools $4100 Roads and bridges 4000 Town charges .SOOO Support of poor 2500 Interest on town debt 4SS0 Collectors' commissions 600 Discount on taxes 91)0 Winter and spring bills .'>00 Reduction of town debt 3000 Free high school 900 Painting almshouse 150 David Uriffin suit 500 Cape Elizabeth Diking Co 200 $25,230.00 $.•55,021.97 Overlays 1,343.63 Supplemental tax 171.54 $36,537.14 VALUATION, 1878. Real and personal estates $1,773,991 Supplementary valuation 4,445 Total $1,778,436 Number of polls, 1145. Rate of taxation, $1.86 on $100. ASSETS OF THE TOWN, 1878. Town-farm and buildings $7,500,00 Town-house and lot 15,000.00 Stock and personal property on farm 1,832.80 Gravel bank 2,500.00 Seven acres woodland 100.00 Ferry landing 5,U01I.U0 High school furniture 6110.00 Office furniture 100.00 Town-hall furniture 400.00 Police station and lot 690.00 Police station furniture 25.00 $33,747.80 Balance L. D. Reynolds' tax bills, 1877 $8,753.74 Balance Geo. Ficketl'a tax bills, 1878 8,866.89 Tax deeds held by treasurer 469.89 Tax deeds held by selectmen.... 1,200.00 Due from abutters on C and E Street sewers 46.47 Duo from Portland 177.32 Due from Biddeford 51.85 Due from Yarmouth 6.00 $19,572.16 $53,319.96 TOWN LIABILITIES, 1878. Town bonds issued 1863, due 1883 $25,900.00 " 1864, due 1S84 16,800.00 " " " 1865, due 1885 9,750.00 " " " 1871, due 1881 4,100.00 " " " 1872, due 1887 5,000.00 " " " 1874, due 1889 12,000.00 Town notes, Nos. 4 and 5, issued 1878, due 1879, for police station 600.00 Outstanding t.iwn orders 9,003..36 Balance due school districts 2,962.54 $86,115.90 EXPENDITURES, 1878. For schools $6,322.83 Town charges 3,128.83 Winter and spring hills, 1877 and 1878 630.70 Summer bills, roads, and bri'lges 4,131.70 Poor bills (out supplies) 1,971.03 Poor bills (farm) 1,371.32 Interest on town debt 4,724.25 Abatements 1,887.71 Free high school 1,013.18 Collectors' commissions 656.93 Discount on taxes 877.40 Reduction on town debt 4,999.00 Note, David Griffin suit 500.00 $32,214.90 APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1878. Balance due the several school districts, 1877. Appropriations for schools, 1878 State school fund State mill tax Roads and bridges Support of poor Town charges Interest on town debt Collectors' commission Discount on taxes Winter and spring bills, 1877-78 Reduction of town debt Free high school Painting almshouse David Griffin suit Cape Elizabeth Diking Co Overlays and additions $1,478.22 4,100.00 1,022.75 1,953.39 4.000.00 2,500.00 3,000.00 4,880.00 600 00 900.00 500.00 3,000.00 900.00 150.00 500.00 200.00 1,515.17 $31,199.53 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EBEN N. PERRY was born in the town of Porter, Oxford Co., Me., June 3, 1832. His great-grandfather came to America from France in 1740, and settled in York County. Allen Peirrie, hia son, was born in Shapleigh, York Co., in 1750, and moved to Parsonfield, same county, in 1775. Stephen {Peare), his son, was born in Parsonfield, in 1778, and married Martha Beacliam in 1798. She was a daughter of Richard Beachara, the son of Lord Bcaeham, of England. Stephen Perry, grandfather of Eben N., was the first settler of the family in the town of Porter. His father, James R. (Peary), born in Parsonfield, April 2, 1801, married, Oct 3, 1823, Almira, daughter of Charles Nutter, of Porter. She was born Feb. 15, 1808. His parents moved to Porter in 1821, and removed to Biddeford in 1842. Eben N. received a good business education during his minority. TOWN OF CAPE ELIZABETH. 257 He married, Oct. 5, 1851, Harriet M., daughter of Deacon William and Apha (Harmon) Libby, of Sweden, Oxford Co., Me. She was born June 15, 1832. Their children are Luella May (deceased), Florence M., and Herbert B. From 1851 to 1854 Mr. Perry was engaged with D. E. Somes, Biddeford, manufacturing loom harnesses, and then went to Lewiston to superintend a manufactory in tlie same business for Mr. Somes. In 1856 he went into trade for himself in Lewiston, carrying on a general store, having associated witli him in business his brother (E. N. & G. S. Perry). In 1859 he went to Cape Elizabeth, and for two years was engaged in farming. He was elected collector on the Republican ticket, and served the town 1861-63; and in 186-t he was collector and treasurer. He was enrolling officer during the late war for Cape Elizabeth and Scarboro', and was appointed by Governor Corry one of the general recruiting officers of the State. In January, 1865, he was appointed deputy sheriff of Cumberland County, holding the office for four years. Elected slieriff for 1869- "0. and re elected and held the office a second term. For two years following his service as sheriff he was a farmer. In April, 1875, with M. C. Foss (Perry & Foss) he opened a general commission store in Portland, but afler one year Mr. Foss retired from the firm, and after continuing the business alone one year, Mr. Perry, in January, 1877, tooic in as partner Mr. F. T. Flint, and the firm of Perry & Flint, well established in business, continue as .successful commission merchants in 1879. HON. W. B. UIGGINS. HON. W. B. HIGGINS, seventh child, and son of Capt. Sylvanus Higgins, was born in the town of Cape Elizabeth, May 29, 1814, on the farm formerly owned by his father, but now owned by him. He remained at home during his minority, and spent his time in the routine of farm labor and at school. He re- mained for eleven years after reaching his majority at home, and in 1842 married Irene M. Dyer, of Cape Elizabeth. The same year of his marriage he erected the house in which he now resides, and followed agricultural pursuits until 1864, when he was elected to the Legislature. This position, which he held for one term, he filled with satis- faction to his constituents, and with honor to himself. His re-election was urgently sought by his many friends, but he declined further public honor. He is interested in local and national legislation, and a supporter of all enterprises tending to benefit his fellow-citizens. In politics he is a Democrat, and is known as a man who looks as well to the 33 man as to the principles he represents. Since his connec- tion with public matters, he has given his attention almast wholly to the interests of his farm. SILAS SKILLEN, son of Daniel, and grandson of Samuel Skillon. was born in the town of Cape Elizabeth, May 17, 1801. The farm upon which he resides was deeded to his paternal ancestor in the year 1681, and has remained in the family since. Mr. Skillen was reared on the farm, and received only a common-school education. His reliability as a citizen, his good judgment, and careful business management, have, through many years as a farmer, gsiined for him a compe- tence, which places him beyond the apprehension of want. He married in July, 1836, Maria, daughter of Nathaniel 258 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. and Lucy Ward, of Konncbunkport. She was born July 1, 1811. Of tliis union woio born eifrlit children, — Lucy, Daniel, John J., Ilezekiali, Edwin A., Silas E., Augusta E., Franklin A. Mrs. Skillen died Feb. 23, 1800. For his second wife SII,AS -SKILLEN. he married, in 1864, Catharine, daughter of Moses and Mary Fickett, of Cape Elizubetli. She was born April 7, 1820. Mr. Skillen, now nearly fourscore years of age, en- joys the esteem of all who know him, and is surrounded with the fruits of many years of labor and industry. A. W. PEABBLES, son of Charles and Anna Peabbles, was born Aug. 27, 1815, on the ftirm where he now re.-jides in the town of Cape Elizabeth, his grandfather having resided on the same farm during his life. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of the town.. Mr. Peabbles was youngest in a family of eight children, and received a fair common-school education while young. In 1839 he married Miss Mehetabel Mitchael, of Cape Elizabeth, and the same year assumed control of the old homestead. Aside from his farming, he for many years carried on a grist- and saw-mill. His parents remained with him until their death. His father died at the age of twenty-nine, and his mother at the age of ninety. Mr. Peabbles is known as an unswerving member of the Democratic party, and has been honored with the offices of selectman and overseer of the poor I'ur several years by the citizens of his town. In church institutions he is interested, and has been a member of tlic Congregational Church for twenty years, and for several years a deacon of that church. KKIJBEN HIGGINS, son of Michael Higgins, was born in the town of Cape Elizabeth, Feb. 11, 1811. His grandfather, Reuben Ilig- gins, came to Cumberland County from Cape Cod, and met an untimely death by being drowned while capturing sea- cows. Mr. Higgins received a common-school education during his boyhood. At the age of seventeen he embarked on a coasting vessel, and remained in the service for three years. He went to Bangor, Me., where he learned black- smithing and the edge-tool trade, and was engaged in this business until 1830, when he sold out to his brother, Ar- thur, and returned to Cape Elizabeth, where he remained one year, and for the next three years was engaged in the grocery trade in Portland. In 1839 he married Calista L. Smith, of Newmarket, N. H. He removed to Androscog- gin County, and remained three years, during which time his father died, and he, purchasing the interest of the other heirs of the estate, settled on the old homestead in Cape Elizabeth. He has been honored with various offices of trust in his town. In 1843 he was elected selectman and overseer of the poor, and lield these offices for six years. In 1849 he was elected a member of the Legisla- ture on the Democratic ticket, and held tlie office one term. Following 1851, for eight years he was clerk on a steamer plying between Portland and Boston. In 1861 he was elected county commissioner, and remained in that office three years, and the same year was again elected to the Legislature, and served one year. For several years he hat acted as justice of the peace in the town, and continues to discharge the duties of that office to the satisfection of his fellow-townsmen and with honor to himself. Mr. Higgins is a member of the Froe-Will Baptist Church, and a supporter of church and kindred interests. He is a man of acknowledged integrity and correct habits. JONAH DYER is the son of Nathaniel and grandson of Nathan Dyer, who was a native of Cape Cod, and settled in Cape Elizabeth during the early history of that town. Jonah Dyer was born Dec. 25, 1794. His minority was spent in the rou- tine of school life and on the farm, receiving, however, limited opportunities for obtaining an education from books. For three years after reaching his majority he was engaged on a sailing vessel. Returning home, he purchased sixty acres of land, agreeing to pay therefor one thousand dol- lars, but having at the time of purchase only one hundred and fifty dollars. By industry, economy, and a judicious management of his affairs, he has not only completed the payment for his first purchase, but has added to it much other real estate, sufficient for himself and children. In 1824, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Ephraim and Elizabeth Roberts, of Cape Elizabeth. They have three children, — George T., Mrs. William B. Higgins, and Na- thaniel. His wife died Aug. (i, 1878. He and his wife UEUBEN HIGGINS. MltS. REUBEN UlC.CilNS. Photos, by Lamsoii. JONAH DYER. MRS. JO.VAII DYEU. Pbotos. by Coiiaut. A. W. PEAHBr.F.."*. MRS. A. W. PE.\BliLES. TOWN OF CASCO. 259 were consistent members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. He will be remembered for his charity to the poor, and his support of enterprises benefiting his fellow-citizens. He ranks amon'r the wealthiest of his town. EDWARD P. HILL is eldest son of Edward Hill, of Eaton, N. H., was born in Portland, June 14, 1834, and now resides on the farm in the town of Cape Elizabeth, formerly owned by his mother, Eunice Jordan. He was educated in the common school and at Yarmouth Academy. At the age of eighteen he became a teacher, teaching school during the winter terms, and working on the farm summers. For four years following 1864 he was a,ssociated with his father-in-law, Mr. Chamberlain, as proprietor of the Ocean House, on Cape Elizabeth. In 1851) he was elected a mem- ber of the school committee, and was active in establishing the high school in Cape Elizabeth. In 1868 he was elected treasurer and collector of the town, and held these offices fur two years. In 1878 he received the appointment of inspectorof public works on river and harbor improvements, on Richmond Island Breakwater, under Gen. George Thom, and continues to hold the same position. He married, Dec. 3, 1865, Miss Sibyl M. Chamberlain, of Cape Elizabeth, and has two children, viz. : Henry C., born Oct. 1, 1866, and George E., born 8ept. 10, 1876. Mr. Hill is a thrifty and successful farmer, and a man of Plioto. by Liilii».iii. ScA^nz^/ <2f)t^A^ sterling integrity in all his business relations Democratic. In politics, CASCO. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. TuE town of Casco was formed from the northwestern half of Raymond, by act of incorporation approved March 18, 1841. An effort had been made to divide the town as early as 1825, and, in 1838, Edward Mayberry, Samuel Jordan, and John Cook were elected a committee to desig- nate the division line. In 1831, '32, and '34, there were two collectors elected for Raymond, which was divided into the Eastern and Western Districts. Casco is bounded on the north by Poland and Thompson Pond, on the east by Raymond, on the .«outh by Sebago Lake, and on the west by Naples and Otisfield. It is bordered by five great ponds, and contains seven smaller ones within its limits. The sur- face is rolling, forming continuous ridges, and rising to its highest point in Rattlesnake Mountain, — a peak comprising 450 acres, — on the eastern border of the town. V.\ KLV SETTLEMENT. Capt. Josej)!! Dinglcy, the first settlor in Casco anil Ray- mond, was born in Duxbury, Mass., Nov. 28, 1729. He selected the lot on which he lived, had it recorded in the proprietors' book at Beverly, Mass , Sept. 24. 1770, and ar- rived in what is now Casco, Nov. 28, 1770, after a spirited race from Massachusetts against Mr. Jordan, whom he out- traveled by taking a boat and crossing Great Sebago Pond in the night. This race was for the 100 acres of land to be given the first settler in the town. Capt. Dinglcy proceeded to erect a saw- and grist-mill at the outlet of Thomas Pond, for which he received a reward of 100 acres of land from the proprietors. The grist-mill stood on tlie Raymond side of the outlet. Thomas Lewis and William Dingley selected lots the same year. The first deed of land in tiie town was given by George Williams, Esq., John Gardner, gentleman, George Dodge, merchant, and Stephen Abbott, Esq., of Sa- lem, Ma-ss., agents, to Lewis Gay, of Raymond, for 100 acres, lot 13, range 4, March 28, 1784, in consideration of 5s., law- ful money. This is the well-known Gay Homestead, in South Ca.sco. Mr. Gay came from Bu.\toii, Ma.s.s., in 1786. lie lived to become a leading citizen, was deputy slioriff for many years, and died June 21), 1823. 260 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Amoni^ the thirty deeds drawn for the first settlers of Raymond and Casco, March 29, 1704, were those of John Mitchell, near Lewis Gay's place ; Aaron Goodwin, Moses Whitney, and Zaohariah Jordan, on and near Crooked River ; Joseph Dinglcy, on the lot includint; the mills and South Casco burying-j^round ; John Ring, Widow Jane Mitchell, and Samuel Dingley, around Kettle Cove ; and Peter Staple, half a mile northwest of Dingley 's mill. Among the later arrivals were Horatio Wight, north of Webb's mill, in 18L3; Ed. and Richard Mayberry, Eliakim Maxfield, and Peter Graffiim, west of Panther Mountain, in 1814; Elijah Varney, William Jackson, Jeremiah Alex- ander, and Henry Hooper, in the north part of the town, in 1817 ; John and Daniel Barton, on Great Rattlesnake Pond, in 1822; and Obadiah Gould, on Quaker Hill. Richard Manning, of Salem, son of one of the proprietors, came in 1800, and opened a blacksmith-shop across the road from Capt. Dingley's place, in front of the burying-ground. He wa.s proprietors' agent for many years. It was a common practice of the early settlers to draw their goods to their new homes on hand-sleds, over blazed paths too rough and narrow for loaded teams. To have a frame house was a sign of prosperity the settler would have, if he had to carry the boards for its building upon his back. Corn was hoed in on new lands without plowing, and the green ears, with milk and game in summer, or rye and In- dian corn and pork in winter, formed the chief diet, aside from the regular weekly baked beans. A back town, somewhat off the main routes of travel, Casco developed a people peculiar to itself, hardy and in- dustrious. Gathering in parties of 20 or more to roll the blackened logs of a fallow, after a fire had consumed the .smaller and drier branches, a day's hard rolling and lifting would transform half a dozen acres of blackened trunks into huge blazing fires at night-time ; and in place of he who passed the jug of rum all day, the fiddler would form the centre of attraction, the ragged and blackened heroes of the logging leading maidens clothed in homespun through the quiet dance, or indulging in wild frolic of which the older men still love to tell. It was no uncommon event to run afoul of a bear on the way home. These pests were very plenty, and levied their toll upon sheep or swine with a regularity which caused many a man to wear tow shirts, flax being a sure crop and taking the place of wool. Meet- ings were a higher recreation. Whole families came on horseback from miles around, the pillory — a small carriage without wheels, riding as part of the saddle — containing numerous children and the lunch-basket. Preaching was had in the morning, a two or three hours' discourse lasting until noon ; then a general picnic and gossip, a long after- noon sermon, and perhaps bai)tism in the clear waters of the lake, when all would dispense for their homes, just in time to complete the day by doing the chores, and partak- ing of the very common supper of luisty-pudding and milk. PLACES OF HISTUIUC INTEREST. The residence of Capt. Joseph Dingley, in South Casco, was at the north end of the bridge. The old house, which .stands upon the first land occupied by a white man in Casco, forms a part of the present residence of C. Murch. Across the road, tlie residence of A. Libby was the head- (juarters of the land-proprietors of Raymond in 1800. A few rods below is the old mill where Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author and poet, is said to have written his " Recollec- tions of a Busy Life." Back of the mill, in the field, is the old burying-ground where are gathered the remains of the early pioneers of Raymond and Casco. A thick slab of slate marks the resting-place of Capt. Joseph Dingley, the first settler of Raymond, who died Nov. 23, 1806, aged seventy-seven; Capt. Samuel Dingley, died 1825, aged sixty-eight ; Peter Staples, one of the first settlers " of this town," died 1846, aged ninety-five; and Sarah, his wife, died 1854, aged ninety-nine ; Lewis Gay, who was the first resident freeholder, died 1823, aged seventy-six; and his wife died 1850, aged one hundred and one; Ichabod Man- ning, formerly of Salem, died 1831, aged forty-seven. Among the later dead in the neat cemetery at Casco village are the remains of Capt. Oliver Mayberry, John Sawyer Esq., and John Holden. On the Pinkham place are the graves of Ester Skinner, died 1874, aged ninety ; Ephraim Cook, died 1853, aged ninety-three; Edmond Pinkham, died 18(50, and his wife, died 1865, each aged ninety -three. The old red town-house, erected, moved, and finished by an undecided people, who could not determine where it should stand, finally became stationary in the grove of pines a short distance to the south. Upon a shady hill-side towards Casco village is still another graveyard, made historic by the repose of Deacou Hezekiah Cook, died 1863, aged ninety; Capt. T. Wight, Stephen T. Jilson, Capt. Richard Mayberry, surrounded by the families of Pinkham, Holden, Lombard, and East- man. Here also is the grave of Mark Leach, Esq., who died in 1841, aged seventy. Songo River, whose waters wash in a picturesque maze of curves the western border of the town, is the outlet of a beautiful chain of lakes, which has been a fruitful theme for the poet and artist for more than a century. Its shores are still free from the desecration of modern improvement, save an occasional farm. VILLAGES. CASCO VILLAGE. Beside the little bay formed by the south end of Pleas- ant Pond, Casco village extends in a long line, running parallel with the western shore, bordered by bare, cultivated hills, rising gradually towards the west, while to the east the land is more broken and covered with forest. To the south, Packer's Pond empties its black waters through aD opening in the stone causeway at the head of Pleasant Pond. The village contains 30 dwellings, the .store of S. Decker, established by Nathan & S. Decker, in 1845; R. B. Bangs, general merchandise, established 1876; grist- and saw-mill, established by John Holden, 1837, and pur- chased by Richard Mayberry, who added a shook- and shin- gle-mill, and in 1879, a box-factory ; Chas. W. Winters, blacksmith-shop ; a fine school-house, and a church. The Portland Packing Company's buildings, erected in 1869, were burned in 1878. Mails are daily by stage, between Portland and Bolster's Mills, R. B. Bangs, postmaster. TOWN OF CASCO. 261 WEBBS MILLS, botween Great Rattlesnake and Dumplinj^ Pond^i, was a mill settlement previous to 1850, its products finding an easy outlet by way of Panther's Pond and Jordan Bay. The place occupies high ground, between hills, and contains a fine large school-house, erected for joint use as school- house and church; the store of S. S. Browne, established 1859; hardware-store of J. 11. Sawyer, established 1872; Tripp & Co.'s axe-handle factory, with a capacity of 30,000 to 35.- 000 handles annually, established 1865 ; shook- and stave- mill of J. F. Strout, establislied 1873 ; M. F. Winslow, grist- and shingle-mill, established by John Small as a merchant- mill, and reduced because of the small production of grain. Mails are tri-weekly to Mechanics' Falls and Bolster's Mills, alternately, by stage; S. S. Brown, postmaster. A mile east is David Duran & Co.'s stave- and shook-mill, established 1800. SOUTH CASCO comprises a cluster of dwellings around the Hawthoi'ne Church, in Raymond, and half a mile distant, in Casco, a hamlet of 10 buildings, including the clothing-manufactory of F. A. Dingley, established 1859, .and employing 50 operatives, many of whom receive the work at their homes ; the store of William Dingley, Jr., in the same building; S. C. Watkins' wagon- and smith-shop, established 1877 ; and South Casco Post-Ofiice, Wm. Dingley, Jr., postmaster. CIVIL HISTORY. The first town election of Casco was held at the Friends' meeting-house, March 30, 1841. Daniel M. Cook was chosen moderator of the meeting ; Alpheus S. Holden was elected Town Clerk ; Isaiah Gould, Richard Cook, Fred- erick Nutting, Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor ; William Cook, Treasurer ; Stephen Cook, Collector and Constable; James Webb, Stephen Hall, Isaiah Wins- low, Daniel Barton, William Jordan, James Knight, Zach- ariah Cook, Stephen Cook, George Strout, John Ring, Nathan Mayfield, Job Mitchell, Clark Watkins, Mark Dingley, Peter Graffam, James Hobson, and John Holden, Surveyors of Highways ; Obadiah G. Cook, Johnson W. Knight, John Small, Ebenezer Buzzell, Solomon Mayberry, Geo. W. Dingley, Surveyors of Lumber, Wood, and Bark ; Obadiah G. Cook, Ebenezer Buzzell, Isaiah Gould, School Committee. Six hundred dollars were voted to pay town charges, $700 for highways, and the full amount allowed by law for schools. The following is a list of the principal town officers : SELECTMEN. 1841. — Isaiah Gould, Richard Cook, Frederick Nutting. 1842.— Potter J. Mayberry, .James Knight, Daniel M. Cook. 1843-44.— William Webb, Isaiah Could, George W. Dingley. • 1845.— William Webb, Levi Holden, Daniel Murch. 1846.— Isaiah Gould, George W. Dingley, .John .Small. 1847.— William Webb, Frederick Nutting, Levi Holden. 1848.— Isaiah Gould, Potter J. Mayberry, Daniel Walker. 1849.— Alpheus S. Holdon, Potter J. Mayberry, Lewis Gay. 1850.— Richard Mayberry, Aaron li. Holden, William Ma.vBeld. 1851.— Alpheus S. Holdon, Anson .Jordan, William Dingley, Jr. 1852.— Alpheus S. Holden, William Rolf. William Dinghy. .Ir. 185:!.— William Rolf, William Dingley. .Jr., Aaron li. 11. .Men. 1854.— Alpheus S. Holden, William Rolf, John C. Jaciiucs. 1855. — William Dingley, Jr., Spencer Decker, David Duran. 1S56. — Alpheus S. Holden, Lewis Gay, Potter J. Mayberry. 1857.— Richard M. Webb, Lewis Gay, Oliver M. Cook. 1858-59.— Spencer Decker, David Dnran, William Dingley, .Ir. lSfiO-61.— Daniel M. Cook, Potter J. Mayberry, Aaron Mann. 1862.— Potter J. Mayberry, Samuel S. Browne, William Hall. 1863. — Daniel M. Cook, Aaron Mann, John Small. 1864. — Spencer Decker, Elmer Brown, James Chute (2d). 1S65.— Daniel M. Cook, Benjamin C. Gay, William H. Hodgdon. 1866.— Daniel M. Cook, Elmer Brown, William Dingley, Jr. 1867. — Daniel M. Cook, David Duran, Andrew Libhy. 1868. — Albion Cobb, tJames U. Lombard, Benjamin C. Gay. 1869-70.- Richard Cook, Jr., Potter .1. Mayberry, Wm. Dingley, Jr. 1871.— Potter J. Mayberry, Andrew R. Gay, Samuel S. Browne. 1872. — Samuel S. Browne, Alpheus S. Holden, Lewis Gay. 1873.— William M. Cook, David Duran, Andrew R. Gay. 1874-76.— William M. Cook, David Duran, Fred. A. Dingley. 1877. — Samuel S. Browne, Solomon M. Gay, Addison .Shaw. 1S78.— David Duran, William Dingley, Jr., Joshua C. Cook. 1S79. — Spencer Decker, .Josiuh Webb, John H. Sawyer. TOWN CLERKS. AlphcHsS. Holden, 1841-45; Richard M.Webb, 1846-47: Daniel M. Cook, 1S4S-54; Moses S. Eastman, 1855-57; Daniel M. Cook, 1858-61; Moses S. Eastman, 1862-63; William F. Cook, 1864; Lyman AV. Holden, 1865; William F. Cook, 1866-07; Lyman W. Holden, 1868-73; Edwin A. Barton, 1874-76; George F. McQuillan, 1877; Edwin A. Barton, 1878 ; Lyman W. Holden, 1879. TREASURERS. William Cook, 1841; Levi Holden, 1842: Barclay Wight, 1843; Obadiah G. Cook, 1844; Barclay Wight, 1845; Potter J. May- berry, 1846; James Knight, 1847; James J. Knight, 1848-50; Aaron B. Holden, 1851-53; Moses S. Eastman, 1854; Richard Mayberry, 1855; Clark Stone, 1856; Richard Mayberry, 1857-59 ; Alpheus S. Holden, 1860; Samuel S. Browne, 1861; Spencer Decker, 1862; Alpheus S. Holden, 1863; Richard Mayberry, 1864; Ephraim Brown, 1865: Richard Mayberry, 1866-67; Lewis W. Houghton, 1868: William F. Cook, 1869-70; Alpheus S. Holden, 1871; William F. Cook, 1872-76; Daniel C. Smith, 1S77-79. COLLECTORS AND CONSTABLES. Stephen Cook, 1841: Levi Holden, 1842; Barclay Wight, J843; Obadiah G. Cook, 1844; Barclay Wight, 1845; Jacob S. Wat- kins, Richard Mayberry (vacancy), 1846; Richard Mayberry, 1847-49; Obadiah G. Cook, Moses S. Eastman, 1850; Edward Mayberry, 1851 ; John Cook, 1852-55; Richard Mayberry, 1S56; Luther Edwards, Daniel M. Cook (vacancy), 1857 ; John Small, 1858; Freedom Chute, 1859; Lewis Gay, 1860; Cyrus K. Holden, 1861; Lewis Gay, 1862-64; Benjamin C. Gay, 1865-66; Ben- jamin F. Cook, 1867; Edwin A. Barton, 1868-69; Lewis Gay, 1870: Clark N. Ma.\field, 1871-72: Nathan C. Pinkham, 1873- 74; Clark X. JLi.vfield, 1875-77; R. C. Gay, 1878-79. CHURCHES. SOCIETY OF FIIIENDS. Obadiah Gould, the first member of the Society of Friends, c;uno to Raymond in 1801. Meetings were held in the neighborhood now known as " Quaker Hill," at the houses of Mr. Gould and Daniel and Elijah Cook, who were also members of the monthly meeting at Windham as early as 1811. The present meceing-house was built near the house of Daniel Cook, south of Casco village, iu 1814. Ephraim Cook also joined the meeting. The younger members have become scattered through the surrounding country, but meetings are still held. The members belong to the society organization at Windham. Isaiiih Gould succeeded his father, Obadiah Gould, as clerk in 1820, and was succeeded by William Hall, present clerk, in 18G4. 262 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH was organized in Casco, Dee. 10, 1827, with 12 members, Ichabod M. Gay and wife, Hezekiah Cook and wife, Dan- iel Mayberry and wife, Lewis Gay and wife, Nathaniel Strout, Peter Staples, Jr., Mary Proctor, and Sarah Cook. Hezekiah Cook and Ichabod M. Gay were the first dea- cons. The church was organized by Revs. Zachariah Leach and Zachariah Jordan. Rev. Joseph White was made pastor in 1833, and Joseph Phinney, 1844. Peter Staple was ordained in the" Gay meeting-hou.so" in Casco, on the site of the " old Western Church of Raymond," Sept. 23, 1834, and was pastor three years. The meeting-house was finished afterwards, and dedicated Nov. 17, 183G, by Rev. John Stevens, of Liniington. Rev. Austin Wheelon and Rev. T. D. Burnham held revival meetings in 1839, and were succeeded by Revs. Almon Libby and J. H. Phinney in 1840, Daniel Clay, 1842-43, and II. Chandler, 1848. Clerks: Peter Staples to 1833; S. D. Burnham, 1834-43 ; John Cook, 1843-58. The old building has been abandoned since 1865, and is falling into decay. A reorganization of the society was efiected by Rev. John Pinkham, Sept. 12, 1876, and Colby Jordan was made clerk, Josiah Winslow and Stephen S. Welch, deacons. John D. Spiller and wife, James E. Tripp and wife, Alonzo Small and wife were leading mem- bers. Present membership, 17. Meetings are held in Webb's Mills school-house. THE CONGREGATIONALIST CHURCH OF RAYMOND was organized in Casco at the house of John Cash, Dec. 23, 1813. The first members were Keziah Cash, Christian Strout, Elie Cash, Regia Duran, Martha Brigham, John Ca.sh and son, Louis Gay, Prince Strout, Levi Brigham, and Samuel Duran. Rev. Jacob Herrick was first pastor. Deacon Levi Brigham, clerk, Samuel Duran, deacon. Na- thaniel Cash was made deacon in 1852. A church library was established in 1825 by the Rev. Elliott Kellogg. Rev. T. P. Richardson was made pastor in 1834, D. Shepley, 1857. A new organization was efiected at Casco village, Sept. 19, 1864. Moses S. Eastman was chosen clerk ; Rev. T. T. Murry, E. M. Wight, and M. S. Eastman were chosen com- mittee to revise the creed; Tarbel Moors, treasurer; Rich- ard Mayberry and E. M. Wight, deacons. Rev. T. T. Murry was succeeded as pastor by Rev. Leonard Green (1866), Rev. George F. Tewksbury, B. H. Osgood, L. C. Mann, E. R. Osgood. Services are held in the Union church, Casco village. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A class was formed at Webb's Mills in 1844, with Levi Small, leader, and Barclay Wight, recording steward. Oli- ver Mayberry and wife, Amos Jordan and wife, Joseph, Olive, and Betsey Wight, Anna llicker, Joseph and Mary Strout, and Betsey Small were members. Meetings are held in the Webb's Mills school-house. Rev. T. J. True has been pastor since 1878. This class is a part of the Raymond charge. SCHOOI.S. The school fund was divided by tlu^ ad (jI' iiiciirporatiDii, and the town clerk, selectmen, and trea.surer wore made an ex-ojfficio board for its future management. Eleven school districts were organized in 1845, and additional school- houses erected. In 1878 the school property, consisting of five good and three inferior school-houses, in eight dis- tricts was valued at $4000. The town contained 333 school-children, of whom 212 attended school. School superintendent for 1879, Augustus Mann. ASSOCIATIONS. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. Pleasant Pond Lodge, No. 168, organized July 23, 1878, with Augustus E. Mann, W. C. T.; Lizzie Jipson, W. V. T. ; Frank H. Mayberry, W. Sec. ; James M. East- man, F. Sec. ; James Jipson, Treas. ; Charles W. Winters, Marshal ; Richard Mayberry, Chap. ; Joseph Beatty, P. W. C. T. Officers 1879 : Joseph Beatty, W. C. T. ; Lizzie Jip- son, W. V. T. ; Hattie R. Mayberry, W. Sec. ; John W. Beatty, Rec. Sec. ; George W. Burges, Treas. ; Charles W. Winters, W. M. ; Richard Mayberry, Chap. Meet at Casco village. SOUTH CASCO TEMPERANCE REFORM CLUB. Organized Nov. 3, 1875. Andrew R. Gay, Pres. ; Daniel Lombard, Vice-President ; Llewellyn Welch, Sec. 1879, Hezekiah Lombard, President; William M. Mitchell, Sec. Meetings are held in the Hawthorne House, Raymond. MERCHANTS, ETC. Past merchants of Casco have been Joseph Brown, 1840 -50; Levi Holden, 1830-45; Holden & Mayberry, Ed- ward Mayberry, 1853 ; M. S. Eastman, 1852-65. William Webb, 1847; Jordan & Webb, Anson Jordan, 1852-60; Randall Barton, 1861 ; David Duran, 1867 ; Webb & Browne, S. S. Browne, Webb's Mills. William Rolf, 1847 -56; Otis Watkins, 1847; Dingley & Watkins, 1851; William Dingley, Jr., 1867-79, South Casco. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Joseph Wight, 1796-1848; Dr. John Eastman, 1827-54; Dr. Pascall Ingalls, Dr. B. M. Wight, 1864; 'Cyrus K. Bowker, 1857-64; Dr. Albion Cobb, 1868-79; Charles H. Young, 1868-79. George F. McQuillan, 1874, Lawyer. Among the leading men of Casco, are Andrew Libby, Alpheus Holden, Richard Mayberry, Isaiah Gould, Clark N. Maxfield, Potter Mayberry, Lyman W. Holden, Capt. John Small, David Duran, and Samuel S. Browne. MILITARY. SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION. Dr. Josc|)h_Wight, surgeon ; Capt. Richard Mayberry and his .son, William Mayberry, who served him as waiter, and was with him at the battle of Bunker Hill. WAR OF 1812. James Jordan, Samuel Dingley, William Chane, Peter Graff"am, Peter Skinner, Louis Hancock, David Decker, Ephraim Brown, John Nash, James Welch, Jr. if ,rf=*^ Mrs. Albion Cobb. J/Lr^ i)M /kcb ( PHOTOS SV LAMSO The subj.>flt of this ;'krt,c,h wart born ill that part of the towi, yf Jlav niuiul which now foriur, tlio town nl (\is(:r,, in 1811. He ^^as liie so.i of ,),:ii,i a:ul I'olly lloldcii. John. Iii>< l-.tircr, w.w the eldi'st son of John :ind 8il)vl Hoiacn, and Polly, hia motlu-r, was thr eldest d:iui;htev of Dr. Oavid and Eunice Hay. His parents and graiid|iiirenUs were born in Wientliani and Wuburn. Mass. His yoiitli was spent ill aeiiuiviug a thorough aea- demie education, and many winters nf his •:Mrly life were employed in ttac.li- in;,. .In this vocation he was highly successful, and hence extremely popu- lar. Thuugh fitted by education and natural ability to have attained to eminence in any calling or profession in life, be has occupied himself with the cultivation and management of his large and beautiful farm, near Casco village. Mr. Holden has always been noted as an upright, intelligent, liberal, and public-spirited citizen, ever ready to promote the prosperity of his native town, and its advancement iu educa- tion, morals, and religion. He lately renovated and beautified the church edifice at ('asco village, at a cost of >\.S. Holden. more than one thousand dollars, and he was largely instrumental iu pro- moting the building, in the same villa"0, of the handsomest, mosi com- modious, and best-appointed schtol- liouse to be found iu a circuit ol' many miles. His reputation for intelligence, ca- pacity, and integrity has led to his being often chosen to offices of public trust. He was a member of the Maine House of llepresent.itives in 1843 and in 1865, of the Stat* ■ Senate in ISi.'i-lG, and of the Ex- i ecutive Council in 1856. So long i| as he could be induced to bear the i burden, the municipal affairs of the i town were confined almost exclusively I to his care ; his fellow-citizens resting i assured that, so long as their business s was under his management, the best -. thing would always be done in the t best manner. Mr. Hoiden has always been in easy ( circumstances, and has managed his i ]irivate business with shrewdness and t tact. He is unmarried. Few pereons i have earned or enjoyed more universal respect and good-will among his towns- men or the public generally than has Mr. Holden. N A S HOLDEN CASCO ME, TOWN OP CASCO. 263 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. DAVID DURAN, son of Nathaniel and Mary Duran, was born in the town of Casco, Cumberland Co., Me., in 1823. His boyhood was spent on the farm and attending school. Upon reaching his majority he took charge of his father's farm, and the J^0L^7A-(^ "iLJ^ I'li.itu. bv Starl.iiil, Augusta. ■L^t^. CLA.y\ care of his aged parents. In the year 1S4G he married Adeline Gerry, of Cumberland County. They have a son and daughter. 5Ir. Duran has ever been interested in local and State politics. In the year 1855 he was elected a selectman, and served nine years. In 1868 he was elected to the Legislature, and served one term. In 1877 he was elected State Senator, and re-elected to that ofEce in 1878 and 1879. Mr. Duran is a Republican in politics, and is prominently identified with the orders of Masonry, Odd- Pellows, and Knights of Pythias. RICHARD MAYBERRY, son of Daniel Mayberry, of Windham, was born in the town of Casco (^then Raymond) in the year 1811. His minority was spent at home on the farm and in lumbering. For ten years after reaching his majority he followed peddling on the road. He then purchased a farm, upon which he now resides. In 184-1 he married Catharine M. Knight, of Otisfield. Their children are Florence J., Cyrus C, and Frank P. He was one of the organizers of the Republican party in his vicinity, and has taken a somewhat active part in politics. In 1843 he was appointed deputy sheriff by N. L. Woodbury, and held the office for ten years, and during that time he was appointed postmaster, and held the offices of selectman, collector, and treasurer of the town. . Ity ' 'onant, Portlainl. RICH.MID Jl.WBERRY. In 186(1 he was elected a representative of the State Legis- lature, and held the office one term, discharging the duties of that position to the satisfliction of his constituents, and with credit to himself Since that time he has been engaged almost wholly in agricultural pursuits and in the lumber trade. He has been a member of the Congregational Church for many years, and is a deacon of that church. ALBION COBB, M.D., was born in Westbrook, Cumberland Co., Me., Dec. 22, 1 824, and was the eldest son of Asa and Nancy D. Cobb, whose family of eight, with one exception, attained adult age, and were noted for their scientific and literary attain- ments. Dr. Cobb's advantages for instruction in early life were meagre in the extreme, and were only attainable by the most severe effort. The district school, which was his almost sole resource, was two miles distant, over an unfre- quented road, extremely subject to be blockaded by snow ; yet this, and two terms of eleven weeks each at Westbrook Seminary, constituted the whole of his school opportunities, aside from professional teaching. His studies have been carried on without instructors or assistance of any kind, yet in knowledge of ancient and modern languages, natuntl science and literature, few persons, even with the advan- tages of a university education, excel him. He began the study of medicine in August, 1847, and graduated from the Medical School of Maine, at Bowdoin College, in the class of 1851, having in the mean time attended one term at the Medical Department of the University of New York. In May, 1852, ho began the practice of his profession at Bol- ster's Mills, in the town of Harrison, Me., where he remained in active practice for over seven years, when, alter having 264 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. spent a little over ;i year in liis native town, lie rcninved to Webb's Mills, in the town of Ca.sco, where he has since resided. In 1862 he entered the army as assistant sur- geon of the 4th Maine Volunteers, and had usually the sole medical and surgical charge of the regiment till he was mustered out with it in July, 1864. In November, 1863, at Bristow Station, Va., he received a severe wound, from which he is still disabled. From August, 1864, till June, 1865, he was acting assistant surgeon United States Army, and stationed at Ilarewood Hospital, near Washington, D. C. In November, 1851, he married Miss Louise A. Stockman, daughter of Mr. Robert Stockman, of Poland, Me. He has now living four sons, viz., Albion E. Cobb, M.D., a graduate of Dartmouth College Medical School, now prac- ticing medicine at North Windham ; Carolus M. Cobb, engaged in teaching ; and Ernest 0. Cobb and Anson A. Cobb, who, though still boys, have attained a good reputa- tion as scholars. Mrs. Cobb, wife of the doctor, has for many years been employed in teacliing, in which profession she is eminently successful, having taught more than fifty terms of school, and winning, in every instance, the highest approbation. CUMBERLAND. INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES. The town of Cumberland was incorporated by an act of the Legislature of Maine, dividing the town of North Yar- mouth, passed March 19th and approved March 28, 1821. The new town included all the lands lying to the eastward of a line beginning at the sea-shore at the southeast corner of the John Dabney farm, granted in 1735, on the divid- ing line between the lands of Alexander Barr and Reuben Loring, and extending northerly to the southeast corner of 120-acre lot 1 ; north, 26° west on the lot lines to the north corner of lot 5 ; south, G5° west on the line between lots 5 and 6, crossing lot 6 and following the south line of lot 7 to its south corner ; following the western line of the 120-acre divisions west of Royal River north, 26° west to the gore annexed in 1734 ; following the original town line south, 64° west to the easterly corner of 450-acre squadron No. 2, and northwest to the Gray line, together with all the islands belonging to North Yarmouth, except Cousin's, Little John's, Lane's, Great and Little Mosier's. All persons dwelling on lands joining the division line were granted the liberty to elect in which town they should belong, with their lands, within ninety days of the passage of the act. From this privilege there resulted a long series of petitions and transfers from one town to the other. The town is eight miles long and three miles wide. It is bounded on the northeast by North Yarmouth and Yarmouth, on the southeast by Casco Bay, on the southwest by Falmouth, and on the northwest by Gray. The islands belonging to the town are Great Chebeague, Crotch, Broken Cave, Hope, Smooth Clapboard, Basket, Bates, Ministerial, Stove, Bangs, Slurdivant, Goose, Crow, Sand, and Jewell's Islands. EARLY SETTLEMENT. John Phillips, a native of Wales, was the first settler in the town of Cumberland, on a point of land fifty feet above the mussel-beds which line the .shore projecting from the hard, half-bared hills which rise a (|uarter of a mile farther inland. A beautiful stream finds its way through from the level meadows nine miles farther back, and falls in a series of cascades from the projecting land into the little cove. Here he erected a stone house, or garrison, and traded with the Indians. He sold his garrison to George Felt, of Mai- den, Mass., in 1640. Mr. Felt made his home here, and in 1643 completed his title by repurchase of Thomas Gorges. He had two sons born here, George, who was killed by the Indians on Munjoy's Island in 1676, and Mo.sos, who was born here in 1650, and removed to Chelsea about 1733. Mr. Felt returned to Maiden, after the Indian outbreak of 1676, at the age of seventy-six years. Capt. Walter Gen- dall lived near the .shore, next the Falmouth line, as early as 1665. John Plaice bought a piece of land between Gendall and Felt extending north to the creek. His deed, dated Nov. 12, 1670, says, "joining John Koleman." These titles were lost, or merged in the general confusion attend- ant upon the Indian outbreak of 1676. Capt. Gendall, the first to return after the peace of 1678, built a strong house of heavy timbers, loop-holed for defense, and calcu- lated to withstand the assault of the savage foe if occasion should again require. Displaying an intrepid bravery and keen business faculties, Capt. Gendall was made the chief of a committee, appointed by order of Thomas Danforth, Esq., president, Sept. 22, 1680, to determine the place of resettlement, and lay out homes for settlers in a manner most capable of defense against any future Indian out- break. In 1681, Anthony Bracket and George Pearson were ap{>ointed to lay out for him, near to the Falmouth line, " where he had builded a house and begun a planta- tion," a farm not to exceed 200 acres. In those days there was more variation of chain than of compass, liberal allowance being made for bad lands, hills, and bogs. With the 200- acre school lot, an eighth of a mile north, as a basis, this tract, running beyond Duck Cove, must have contained about 500 acres. The main settlement on Royal River furnished what employment there was aside from the slow work of clearing land. Capt. Gendall was engaged in saw- ing lumber at the falls fnmi 1681 until he lost his life in Photo, by Conant| Portland, ^y/~^^->^^/LP ^^jL^Ouc^,^>^<7f^ Cai'T. Joseph Blanchard was bui-n in the town of Cum- berland, on the fai-m where lie now resides, June IV, 1803. He is the youngest child of Nathaniel and Christian (Loring) Blanchard, natives of Cumberland County. The Blanchards are of French and the Lorings of English descent. His father followed the sea the greater part of his life, and was drowned, at the age of fifty-eight years, at Jewel's Island. Capt. Joseph Blanchard received a good common-school education, and at the age of fourteen wont to sea, with his brother Nathaniel, aboard the coasting schooner " Telegraph." After four years he became second mate of the vessel for one year, two years first mate of the brig " Echo," and then as caji- tain of the vessel he made a trip from Portland to Charleston ; thence with a load of rice to Cowcs, on the Isle of Wight, for orders ; thence to Antwerp. Upon his return he made a trip with the brig " Kebccua" to Trinidad, Isle of Cuba, followed by two voyages in the brig " Catherine" to Europe. His next trip was with the brig " Echo" to Havana. On his return he was wrecked on Cape Cod, near the Highland Lights, with a total loss of the vessel, cargo, and one man. For nine years he ran the brig " Freigliter" to Point Peter, Guadeloupe, followed by two trips to Europe. With the ship "John Cadmus" he made four voyages to Europe and two coast voyages, followed by two voyages in the " Freighter" to Guadeloupe, and two voyages in the ship " John Cadmus" to Europe. He next made four voyages to the West Indies, and one coast voyage in the bark "Agnes." Ho made one trip to France in the ship " Helen Augustus" during the famine in Ireland. He made two voyages to Europe in the ship " Element," during which time he contracted to build the ship "Cornelia," and upon his return with the " Element" he took charge of the ship "Cornelia," and sailed her eight years to Europe. He made a sail from Gun Key Light-House, near Havana, to Boston in five days with his ship " Cornelia." He also had charge of the " Vincenncs" for one trip to Point Peter. He built the .ship " United States," commanded her two voyages, then chartered her in London for the East Indies, and put aboard as captain his cousin, John D. Blanchard, who made a successful voyage. Capt. Blanchard returned home, and with the ship " Cornelia" made three trips to Europe. At this time the Rebellion broke out, and he retired from a sea- faring life, putting Adam Woodside aboard his vessel as captain. Since he retired I'rom the sea he has taken charge of the old farm formerlj- occujiicd by his father in the town of Cum- berland, and enjoys the quiet of life on terra-firma sur- rounded by his many friends, although he is still interested in navigation. He has been little connected with local matters at home, but has devoted nearly his whole time to the interests of navigation. His success as a business man has given him rank among the strong financiers of the county. He is a stockholder in the Merchants' Bank, Portland. He is said to have made more trips to the AVest Indies than any other sea- going man in Maine, having made eighty-four, being on the sea for upwards of forty years, during which time he made thirty voyages to Europe. His many visits to foreign countries have made him familiar with the customs and language of other nations, and partic- ularly in the French he is a ready and fluent conversation- alist. Capt. Blanchard is a man of remarkably fine ]ihysic|uc, socia- ble, and he ]iosso.sses that resolution and force of character to carry forward to a successful completion whatever he con- ceives to be for his benefit. He married, on Oct. 4, 1829, Al- bertine Prince, of Cumberland. Their children living are Helen, Sarah F., wife of Koyal W. Doughty, of Boston, Henrietta, and James A. In politics Capt. Blanchard formerly belonged to the Whig party, and upon the formation of the Kepublican party became a staunch supporter of its principles. He is a supporter of ehureli and charitable interests. CAPT. REUBEN BI.ANCHAUD. MRS. REUBEN BLANCHARD. CAPT. REUBEN BLANC^HARD, son of Beza and Prudence (Rideout) Blancliard, was born in the town of Cumberland, Aug. 24, 1794. He is tlie eldest in a family of twelve chil- dren, seven of whom are living in 1879. He spent his youth at home until he was eigh- teen years of age, when he went to sea, first as a common sailor. In 1821 he took charge of a schooner in the coasting trade, which he com- manded for two years. He then became one of four persons in building the brig " Morgiana," which, after its completion, he commanded in the European trade. He had charge of this vessel for four years, during which time he made two trips to the West Indies. For a time he sailed alter- nately to Europe and the West Indies. In 1845 he made a voyage to South America, and in the latter part of the same year he commanded the ship " Blanchard," of Yarmouth, and lost her on the coast of Virginia. He was shipwrecked in the first vessel he commanded (" The Union"), and, of the eleven on board, all were lost but himself and the mate. Upon his return from South America he retired from the sea and settled on the farm where he now resides. Feb. 15, 1821, he married Christiana, daughter of Solomon Loring, of North Yarmouth. Their children are Enos O., Horatio S., Frederick P., and Francis W., — all living. Since his retirement from the sea, Capt. Blanch- ard has interested himself in local and State mat- ters, and taken an active part in religious and kindred interests. He was selectman of the town of Cumberland for four years, and in 1853 repre- sented it in the Legislature. Both he and his wife are members of the Con- gregational Church of Cumberland, and he has been a supporter of church and town interests for sixty-three years. In 1871, Captain and Mrs. Blanchard celebrated their golden wedding, an event seldom occurring in the history of married life. TOWN OF CUMBERLAND. 265 1688, wliile heroically relieving a besieged band of his workiuen. The settlement was soon after abandoned. Benj. Larrabee sold to Henry Bibber 100 acres of land, with ten rods front on Broad Cove, in 1712; but, like other titles of that day, it appears to have had no real value. Persons began to return and occupy lands soon after, awaiting their chances to obtain some definite title. In 1723, William Scales (son of William Scales, who was killed in 1678) had re-occupied Scales' Point on Broad Cove, and erected a strong garrison for the defense of him- self, James Buxton, Matthew Scales, Joseph Felt, Francis Wyman, and James Niccols. The same year a petition was presented to the General Court, asking for soldiers to defend the garrison. William Scales, Jr., father of Deacon Thomas and Matthew Scales, was killed on the Scales farm (lot 59, Broad Cove) ; Joseph Felt was killed at Royal River soon after, and his family taken captives. The Indians had hoped to surprise the settlement. One of them remarked to Mrs. Felt, after her capture, " Husband much tough man ! shot good many times, — no die ! Take scalp off alive; then take knife, and cut neck long 'round !" He also told her how he lay beside the fence upon which she stood, while pouring feed to her hogs, some days before. Capt. Peter Weare recovered the family four years after.* Joe Weare, his son, grew up with a deadly enmity against the savages, which afterwards made him famous as an Indian scout and fighter. The Gendall farm was regranted to John Smith, of Bos- ton. John Powell built a saw-mill at the falls (now known as Felt's Falls), near the old stone fort of Mr. Phillips. Previous to the laying out of lots by Pliinehas Jones, in 1732, a school-lot and two farms for John Powell and John Dabney had been preserved on Broad Cove, comprising the farms now occupied by W. Russell and S. Loring. The balance of the coast, except the Gendall form, had been laid out in lots of ten acres each by Capt. Jeremiah Moulton and Benj. Flagg; those back to, and including the Grand Trunk Railroad, containing more land, because of poorer quality, and back from the shore. The main part of the town is comprised in the " one-huudred-acre lots west of Royall's River," laid out by Phinehas Jones in 1732, and drawn June 20, 1733. Five of these ranges of lots run nearly the length of the town, and are divided by three roads, the first of which, to the southward, was opened in 17C1. In the drawing the former proprietors were first allowed to select lots ; the remaining names were then put into a hat; the remaining numbers into another hat, the drawers pledged to the authority of the committee. The number following each name in the drawing was the number of the lot so chosen.f Benjamin Prince' John Holuianf... Samuel Smith Thomas Dogget* Thomas Criift* George Monli* 56 Ephrnim Craft* 9 Barnabas Ilatchf 21 Roljert Jolinsou*^'" 16 Williiim Bond 3i Francis Wymau^' 87 Samuel Yorlit 47 * Capt. Weare was a son-in-law of Mr. Ftlt. f The first coluuin of figures gives the number of the one-humlrctl- aerc lots, the second of the home or ten acre lots. Names marked with a star (») became settlers, Ihose marked with a dagger (f) were former settlers or their descendants. 31 Phinehas Jones* 54 Capt. Jere. Moulton*.. .36 Col. William Dudley... 6:! Benjamin Flaggf 5S Richard Bray* 4t Gilbert WinslowS 17 Samuel Fisher* 82 Jonathan Watson* 74 John Butters .17 John Smith 86 John Mainet 1 John Smith 9ti James Parker* 9 4 Amos Stevenst 14 Pet T Blaokmanf 55 John Stevens* 77 Isaac Larrabcef 65 William Ijarrabeef 46 Capt. Steph. Larrabeef 58 Thomas Larrabeef 15 Samuel Larralieef S'.» Henry Coombsf 7:i John Provenlcrt 3 Willii.tn Ashffllt 93 Benjamin Larrabeej"... 92 Roger Edwardsf- 66 Miiihterinl Lotfi 51 Joseph Ilarrisf 52 Mhihle-rs' L,}ls 103 Tobias Oakmanf 145 Gershom Rice» 41 Joseph Harris 25 'Old" John Harrisf... 101 Thomas Soulhworth*.. 84 Thomas Bloshfieldf.... IS Corneliu,' Soule* 93 John Powell* 91 Henry Deering 33 Joseph Malem 39 Samuel Baker* 8 Daniel Watts 35 Ephraim Fenno* 23 Edward Shove* 13 George Feltf 69 Moses Feltf 7 Robert Starlord* 50 AVilliam Scalesf 64 59 Richard FlaggS 57 60 Thomas Smith, Jr 19 (it Seth Mitchell* 75 62 Thomas Slcarnsf 29 63 Job Lewis* 33 64 Jedcdiah Southworlh* 30 65 Abiah Wadsworth* 12 66 John Smith 83 67 John Smiih 53 68 Hugh Blinning 99 69 John Powell* 95 70 Samuel White* 10 71 Joseph Bartlett 62 72 John Smith, Jr 68 7.3 John Bultolph* 22 74 School Lot 200a 75 Margery Steven-f 76 76 Joseph Mitchell* 35 77 James Mackfadden 100 78 Barna. Scabury* 21 79 Jonas Rice* 11 S(l Joseph Chandler* 79 81 Perez Bradford 88 82 Isaac Little* 49 83 Nathaniel Brewer* 43 84 Col. William Taller.. . 71 85 Barnabas Winslow*.... 40 86 John Smith 2 87 David Scabury* 5 88 Thomas Fish 67 .89 John Atwell* 38 90 Jacob Mitchell* 85 91 Peter Walton 90 92 Byfield Lyde 6 93 John Allen TS 94 Samuel Brown* 59 95 Samuel Seabury 4 96 JuhnYorkf 61 98 William Coombs* 81 97 Bartholomew Flagg.... 20 99 James Bu.vton* 20 100 James Pitson 42 101 Middlccut Cook* 97 102 J. Gendall's farm 102 103 Sampson Salter* 104 The inhabitants, whose chief occupation was hunting, fishing, or furnishing lumber for the coasting vessels, com- plained that the best timber was sent away, and that their lands near the water were unfit for farms. All charges were met by tax upon the home lots. A home surveyor was em- ployed that he might more readily be paid in home products. Wolves succeeded Indians. In 1738 six pounds bounty was paid for killing them. Building of garrisons began again in 1740. In 1744, Jacob Mitchell and Edward King distributed the town's stock of ammunition and flints to the inhabitants, and sen- tries were kept in the watch-boxes upon the walls. June 10, 1746, Nathaniel Blanchard, who was riding near the Falmouth line, had his attention drawn to a thicket by the barking of his dog. Raising his rifle, he kept it turned upon the point until out of sight. Half an hour later Joseph Sweat, of Falmouth, was shot from the same point and scalped, the Indian, who was in sight of the man in the watch-box, shaking the scalp in full view, then disap- pearing in the forest. Indians were troublesome until after 1760. The settlers were compelled, for safety, to live near to"ether, and go armed to their work, which was commonly done in company, going from one man's field to another. The soldiers, both of the Revolution and 1812, were a part of the quota of North Yarmouth. In the fall of 1780 the schooner " Rhoda," Captain Gray, anchored in Broad Cove, near Anderson's Rocks, leaving two boys, John Barr and Perez Driukwater, to keep ship while the crew all went ashore. Next morning the " Rhoda" was missing. Arming themselves with whatever could be 266 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. used as weapons, the inhabitants took an old sloop and started outside. Passing Deer's Point, Cliebeaguc, the two boys were found in the small boat of the " Rboda" and taken aboard. About eleven o'clock the night before, a boat from an English cruiser had slipped the cable and taken them off. The boys had overheard the mention of Jlonhegan. Steering for that place, by a pretended acci- dent they ran into the prize, boarded her, and set sail for home. Falling in with a large English schooner off Sequin, the next morning, they captured her and proceeded to Port- land, where they exchanged their prize for the raorc-necded substantials of life. GKEAT CHEBEAGUE ISLAND contains 1800 acres of land. The first sale was from Mr. Rigby, an English proprietor, to Walter Merry. In 1743 it was owned by the First Church of Boston, Mass. The island is thickly settled, and supports two schools, two churches, and the store of Simeon Hamilton, who is also postmaster. Mails are received daily by Portland steam- boat. In 1865 it was voted that the islands be a separate ward, for general elections, but the Legislature did not ap- prove the act. BUSINESS INTERESTS. Cumberland Centre, a beautiful village of 25 dwellings, contains also the town-house, built in 1832; church, Agri- cultural Hall, and stores of Blanchard Bros., established by M. Rideout & Son ; C. H. Blanchard's post-office and Store ; Dillingham Sisters, fancy goods ; S. M. Rideout, wagons ; B. W. True, smith. A mile distant is the Cum- berland Depot. In the north are James Leighton's carding- mill, built as early as 1800 ; shingle-mill ; saw-mill, built by Geo. Hicks in 1817 ; grist- and saw-uiill, H. R. Mont- fort, built 1865. L. H. Wilson, West Cumberland, post- master, mails daily to Falmouth ; oflace in the store of Leighton & Wilson; store opened in 1854. Poland Cor- ners, eight miles from Portland, on lot 61, in the east of the town, is a scattered hamlet of some 20 dwellings, cen- tering around the site of Charles Poland's old store, opened in 1842, and now owned by John E. Dunn, and the Cum- berland station on the Grand Trunk Railway, J. N. Dunn station-agent and postmaster. The old burying-ground beside the church at Cumber- land Centre is the oldest, and contains most of the early dead, and the tomb of Eliphalet Greely, founder of Greely Institute. That in the west, at the Methodist church, was opened in 1814. There is another on the Falmouth line, near the shore, and one on Chebeague Island. These are town property, in charge of a superintendent of burying- grounds. TOWN-MEETING. At the first town-meeting, held in the Congregationulist meeting-house, Monday, April 9, 1821, David Prince, Esq., was chosen Moderator, and Rev. Cyrus Cumniings opened the meeting by prayer. James Prince was elected Town Clerk, and sworn before Rev. Cyrus Cummings, Justice of the Peace ; David Prince, William Buxton, and Beza Blanchard were elected Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor; Capt. Ephraini Sturdivaiil, Treasurer; Ammi R. Prince, Nathaniel Sweetser, Levi Sweetser, Benjamin Prince, John Marston, Jr., Simeon Clough, Nicholas Ride- out, Jr., Jeremiah Shaw, John Wyman, Elijah Allen, Na- than Titcomb, Solomon Loring, David Spear, Surveyors of Highways; Benjamin Sweetser, Constable; Nathaniel Sweetser, Collector ; David Spear, Joseph Smith, John Clough, John Pride, Joseph W. Collins, Surveyors of Boards and Lumber ; James Prince, Joshua Wyman, John Blanchard, Fence-Viewers ; John D. Blanchard, Benjamin Sweetser, Levi Sweetser, David Buxton, William Merrill, Jr., Andrew Leighton, Alexander Burr, Moses Stubbs, Tything-Men ; John M. Warren, Sealer of Leather ; Jo- seph Sturdivant, Harbor-Master. For the Island of Che- beague, — Ambrose Hamilton, Collector and Tything-Man ; Wentworth Ricker, Joiialhan and Ambrose Hamilton, Fence- Viewers. CIVIL LIST. SELECTMEN. 1821. — David Prince, William Buxton, Bcza Blanchard. 1822. — William Buxton, David Prince, Bcza Blanchard. 1823.— William Buxton, David Prince, Nicholas Rideout, Jr. 1824-29. — William Buxton, Nicholas Kideout, Jr., James Prince. 1830. — Nicholas Kideout, Jr., David Buxton, Tristram Sanborn. 1831-32. — Nicholas Rideout, Jr., James Prince, Tristram Sanborn. 1833. — Ephraim Sturdivant, James Prince, Tristram Sanborn. 18.34. — James Prince, Ephraim Sturdivant, Moses Leighton. 1835. — James Prince, Moses Leighton, Andrews Blanchard. 1830. — Jnmes Prince, Moses Leighton, Reuel Diinkwater. 1837. — Nicholas Rideout, Jr., Reuel Drinkwater, James Prince. 183S. — Tristram Sanborn, Moses Leighton, Reuben Blanchard. 1839. — Tristram Sanborn, Reuben Blanchard, Joseph Smith. 1840.— Reuel Drinkwater, Joseph Smith, William Reed. 1841. — Tristram Sanborn, Reuben Blanchard, Nicholas Rideout, Jr. 1842. — Nicholas Rideout, Jr., Reuben Blanchard, James Prince. 1843. — Nicholas Rideout, Jr., Ephraim Sturdivant, James Prince. 1844-45. — Nicholas Rideout, Jr., Reuben Blanchard, James Prince. 184fi. — Reuben Blanchard, Sewall Blanchard, Matthias Morton. 1847. — Sewall Blanchard, Matthias Morton, Joshua M. Rideout. 1848. — Sewall Blanchard, Alvan Sturdivant, Joshua M. Rideout. 1849. — Matthias Morton, Alvan Sturdivant, Moses Leighton. 1850. — Matthias Morton, Alvan Sturdivant, Ebcnezer Hill. 1851-54. — Moses Leighton, Asa Greely, Ebcnezer Hill. 1855. — Alvan Sturdivant, William Buxton, Stephen Orr. 1856-57.— Joshua M. Rideout, Nicholas L. Humphrey, Saml. Ross, Jr. 1858. — Joshua M. Rideout, Nicholas L. Humphrey, Elijah Soule. 1859-60.— Joshua M. Rideout, William L. Prince, Stephen Orr. 1861.- Moses Leighton, Robert Dyer, Ebcn Hill. 1862.— Joshua M. Rideout, Sewall Blanchard, Stephen Orr. 1SB3.— Robert Dyer, Asa Greely, Daniel Stowcll. 1864.— Robert Dyer, Willard Clough, David Stowell. 1865. — AVillard Clough, Asa tireely, Samuel Ross. 1866. — Josiah M. Rideout, Charles Wyman, Ebcnezer Hill. 1867.— Josiah M. Rideout, William Russell, Samuel Ross, Jr. 1868.- William Russell, Robert II. Rogers, Samuel Ross, Jr. 1S69.— William Russell, Robert 11. Rogers, Donald M. Smith. 1870-71. -Nicholas L. Humphrey, Ferdinand C. Blanchard, Robert Hamilton, Jr. 1872.- Nichohiii L. Humphrey, Asa Greely. Reuben Hill. 1873.- Charles E. Herrick, William S. Blanchard, Reuben Hill. 1S74. — William S. Blanchard, Asa Sawyer, Stephen B. Hamilton. 1875-76.— William S. Blanchard, Asa Sawyer, Ammi U. Littleficld. 1877-78.— Daniel R. Allen, Nelson M. Shaw, Ammi R. Littlefield. 1879.- Nelson M. Shaw, Uollis Doughty, Ammi Littlefield. TOWN CLEllKS. James Prince, 1821-36; Col. Joseph Smith, 1837: Nicholas Rideout, Jr., 1838-39; Reuben Rideout, 1840-41; Alvan Sturdivant, 1842-44; Daniel R. Allen, 1845; Reuben Rideout, 1840-51; Samuel True, 1852-54; Aniasa S. Sweetser, 1855-59; Daniel R. Photo. Ly Conant, Portland. i£^^i^^*^^^^^^ ry^^.^^f'^^?**^^ Capt. EpiirvAiM Sturdivant was born in the town of Nortli Yarmouth, Cumberland Co., Me., Feb. 14, 1782. He was tliird son of David A. and Jane (Greely) Sturdivant, who were of German de- scent but of New England birth. Capt. Sturdivant met the usual obstacles to suc- cess in early life with that resolution and energy that chai-acterized his manhood. The first twenty- eight years of his life, beginning at the age of twelve, were spent on the sea, and before he reached his majority he commanded a vessel, and ever after- wards until he retired from the sea. In 1810 he imported a cargo of Merino sheep from Portugal, being the first ever landed in Maine. He then set- tled upon the farm now owned and occupied by his widow, Mrs. Mary T. Sturdivant, whom he married Nov. 6, 1843, she being his third wife. His first marriage occurred Jan. 12, 1809. Of this union were born nine children, of whom seven are living, — Mrs. George Clark, of Virginia ; Mrs. William Sparrow, of Deering, Me. ; Mrs. Stephen Allen, of Hallowell, Me.; Mrs. Josiali Sawyer, of Alna, Me.; Mrs. Joshua A. Gray ; Henry, of Freeport, Me. ; and Mrs. John W. Smith, of Nagasaki, Japan. His second marriage occurred Dec. 31, 1834, to Dolly S. Taylor. Of this union were born four chil- dren, two of whom are living, viz. : Mrs. Henry Newbegin, of Defiance, Ohio, and Mrs. Walter Wells, of Portland. Of his third marriage, to Mary T. Greely, were born four children, — Sumner; Mrs. Marcellus Lowe, of Cumberland ; Mrs. John E. Dunn, of Cumber- land ; and Clara S. Capt. Sturdivant took an active part in local and State legislation, and as a member of the Demo- cratic party was a strong advocate of its principles. He was selectman of his town for many years, and also treasurer. For several years he rejiresented his town in the Leg- islature, and for two years was State Senator. Capt. Sturdivant was continually before the public, and was a man of undoubted integrity, and high moral worth. In conjunction with Judge Preble, he bought tlie right of way for the Grand Trunk Railroad. Religiously he was a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and a liberal contributor to church and kindred interests. He received a limited conunon-scliool education while young, but his life was one of constant appli- cation and reading, and his general intelligence only limited by his opportunities. His sound judgment and ability was generally acknowledged, and he re- tained the confidence of all who knew him. He died Aug. 31, 1868. I'liolo. liy Coriimt, Portland. MOSES TQOMES. JOSEPH THOMES. Hg5]E)lI^]Gls ©1? sa©iis fMassaisg, E;ij)iiai3isKi.AKiB, majkiii;. UOBEllT U. THOMES. MOSES THOMES. His father, Moses P. Tliomes, was born Dec. 18, 1780, in Gorham, Me., and was the only son of Deacon Ebenezer Scott Tiiomes, who was born in Portland, and among its pioneers. Moses P. Thomes was a farmer by occupation. He first married Jane Hasty. Their children were Abigail, Jane, Ebenezer S., Joseph, Moses, Robert H., Margaret A., and Mary. He married, second, in 1830, Abigail, widow of Jacob Blanchard. Of this union was born one daughter, Har- riet S., wife of Albert Rideout. He was a member of the First Congregational Church. He died March 28, 1870. His first wife died in 1825 ; his second wife died Dec. 18, 1858. Moses Thomes was third son of Moses P. and Jane (Hasty) Thomes, and was born in Cumberland, Jan. 19, 1815, to which town his parents had removed from Scar- borough in 181-1. He received a fair education during his minority. Has spent liis life as an agriculturist, except eight years which were spent at sea. In December, 1845, he married Sarah A., daughter of Benjamin Whitney, of Cumberland. She was born in June, 1819. In politics Mr. Thomes, like his ancestors, is a Democrat. He is a member of the First Methodist Church of Cumberland. Joseph Thomes, a brother of Moses Thomes, was born in Scarborough, May 10, 1812, and spent his life as a farmer, except three years at sea. He was a supporter of church and like interests, but never became a member of any church. He died Sept. 19, 1876. He was never married. ROBERT H. THOMES. Robert H. Thomes, fourth son of Moses P. Tliomes, was born in Cumberland, June 16, 1817. His early life was spent at home on the farm and at school. Upon reaching his majority he went to Missouri, and after two years began his journey to the far West, crossing the Rocky Mountains in 1841. He was among the first to undertake this, then, hazardous journey. On arriving at San Fran- cisco (then nothing but commons) he engaged in building houses and real-estate operations. In 1844 lie took up land, receiving deeds from the Mexican government which were afterwards ratified by the United States government. He paid particular attention to raising fine-bred horses and cattle, and at one time owned a herd of ten thousand cattle. He became the owner of twenty thousand acres of land, and amassed a large fortune. Prior to his death, March 26, 1878, he made large sales of his land to stock- growers, and sold the land where the village of Tahama (six hundred population) now is. He had no great desire for political notoriety, and cast his vote with the Republi- can party. He was a supporter of religious interests and of good society. His remains are buried in Tahama Cemetery, the spot being marked by a beautiful polished granite mon- ument. His portrait accompanying this sketch is a contri- bution from his sister Jane. He was never married. OREN S. THOMES. His fiither, Ebenezer Scott Thomes, son of Moses P. and Jane (Hasty) Thomes, was born in the town of Cumber- land in 1810, and died in 1837. He married Dolly Ride- out, a native of the same town ; received only a common- school education, and spent several years at sea. His wife died in 1847, leaving an only son, — Oren S., — who was born May 24, 1827. His early manhood was spent with John Blanchard, working at the carpenter and joiner's trade. He afterwards engaged in general merchandise trade, with the firm-name of Thomes & Blanchard, at Cumberland Centre. In the fall of 1877 he disposed of his interest in the business to attend to the settlement of the afiFairs of his uncle, Robert H., who died in California, leaving a large estate. In 1878 he returned from California, and has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He married, Jan. 15, 1861, Abbie, daughter of Levi and Elizabeth Kemp- ton Eveleth, of New Gloucester. Mrs. Thomes is a native of Farmington, Me., being born Sept. 23, 1842. They have two children,— Robert S. and John B. Mr. Thomes is a Republican. Is now town treasurer, and has been president anles and doctrines of Con- gregationalism upon which it had been founded. Mr. Wis- wall accepted the call of the Episcopalians to become their minister in 17G.^, who, meantime, had separated from the old parish, formed a new society, and started a subscription to build a church edifice. He preached in the town-house several Sabbaths, when, in October, he proceeded to Eng- land to procure ordination at the hand.sof the Lord Bishop of the Church of England.* The first meeting house at New Casco was built near where the road to the bay cros-ses the Sijnitterygusset Creek. Rev. Ebenezer Williams succeeded Mr. Wiswall as pastor. He graduated at Harvard College in 17G0, and settled over the parish Nov. 6, 1765, continuing till his death in 1799. At a parish-meeting, held April 3, 1799, it was voted to allow the late pastor's salary to continue six Sabbaths from his death. Rev. Mr. Gragg preached a short time, and it was then resolved to discontinue meetings and raise a fund with which to erect a new house of worship. Daniel, James, Moses, Joshua, and James Merrill, Jr., Benjamin Marston, and Walter Bucknam, were made building com- mittee. In response to a petition from ten freeholders, a parish-meeting was held June, 1802, which resulted in the appointment of Rev. William Miltimore as pastor. The first recorded meeting was held in the new meeting-house in September, 1808; after which both the old and new ones were occupied until the close of the year, when the old meeting-house was abandoned and torn down. The following have been pa.stors of the church since Rev. Mr. Williams: Rev. William Miltimore, July, 1802, to June, 1833 ; Rev. Samuel Stone ; Rev. Charles Dame, called May 29, 1839; dismissed Aug. 11, 1853, but con- tinued to supply until June, 1851. He was succeeded by Rev. Amory U. Tyler, who was ordained June 6, 1855, and dismissed Dec. 15, 1858 ; Rev. J. H. Adams became acting pastor in 1858, from which position he was relieved by the installation of Rev. Arthur N. Ward, Feb. 25, 1879. Deacons. — Luke Worcester, George Knight, 1799 ; Joshua Merrill, 1822 ; Enoch G. Sargent, Augustus Wil- liams, 1832; Ephraim Merrill, 1839; present deacon and church clerk, Alfred B. Marston ; deacon, David Wyman ; pari.sh clerk, Arthur Bucknam. In 1812 the records of the parish show the names of 98 communicants, 34 of whom had joined previous to 177(5, 2 in 1777, 10 in 1778, and the remainder previous to 1797. One hundred and fifty-eight additional members were ad- mitted during the next thirty years. The name was changed from the " Third" to the " First Congregational Church of Falmouth," at a meeting held for that purpose. May 2(5, 1835. A house of more modern design was erected about 1849, and the old, or second one, which was still sound, was abandoned. A neat chapel was built near the church in 1859. The parish also owns 80 acres of woodland near the village. » Sec history of okl St. Paul's, rorthiiul. FIRST SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. The following extracts from " Smith's Journal," and other sources, give us some information respecting the introduction of the principles of the Friends or Quakers, and the serious alarm which it caused in other churches. "July 30, 1740.— The church kept a day of fasting and pr,\ver on account of the spread of Quakerism. Mr. Jeffrey and myself prayed A.M. Mr. Thompson preached. Mr. Allen and 'Mr. Lord prayed, and Mr. Willard preached, p.m. — Sm, Jour. Judge Sewall in his diary gives an account of the Iloegs of Newbury, who, in 171 1, be- came Quakers. In 1714 a fast was held in Newbury, on account of the spread of that "pestilent heresy."- — Cajfin. " Descendants of these young Iloegs visited our town last summer, and by their venerable ajtpcaranee, and the unchanged simplicity of their dress, carried us back to the dark day when their ancestors took their lives in their hands and ventured all things fur the faith, as they believed, once delivered to the saints." The first meeting for religious worship established by the Friends in this State was at Kittery, in 1730. In 1742 a meeting was held at Berwick, and the same year thay appeared in Falmouth, the singularity of their dress and manners attracting universal attention. In 1743 a few fimilies in Falmouth had adopted the opinions of that sect, and a meeting for worship was then first established in the town, James Winslow being the first to join the society. Mr. Winslow came from Plymouth Colony before 1728. He was a man of great influence in the neigh- borhood, and rendered important support to the society. Among others who joined in 1743 were Benjamin Inger- soll, Nathan Winslow, and Enoch Knight. In May, 1751, a monthly meeting was established for the Friends in Fal- mouth and Harpswell, the male members of which were James Winslow, James Goddard, and Benjamin Winslow, from Falmouth, and Edward Estes, Thomas Jones, Ebene- zer Pinkham, and Lemuel Jones, from Harpswell. Acces- sions were made continually to the society, and particularly from that part of Falmouth in which James Winslow re- sided.t Preachers occasionally visited them from abroad, and several of their own people " received certificates to travel on truth's account," among whom were Patience Estes and John Douglass. In 1750, Mary Curby, from England, and Elizabeth Smith, from West Jersey, came here as traveling preachers. In 1768 a meeting-house was built near the Presumpseot River, in that part of the town which still retains the an- cient name. It was 40 feet long and 32 feet wide, and stood on the same spot where their fir.st house (a small building) had been erected in 1752. The following names of the subscribers to the new house will probably show all the adult males belonging to the so- ciety in this vicinity, viz. : Benjamin Winslow, Benjamin IngersoU, Hatevil Hall, James Goddard, Enoch Knight, Stephen Jlorrell, Samuel Win.slow, Nathaniel Ilawkes, James Torrcy, Job Winslow, Elijah Pope, John Robinson, Elisha Purinton, Benjamin Winslow, Jr., David Purinton, William Winslow, James Winslow, Nicholas Varney, Jacob "f James Winslow bad n grant of land on Fall-Cove Brook, at Back Cove, to erect a mill on in I72S, but this falling within an anoiint grant, he removed northerly to the I'resumpscot River, near where its course is turned southerly by lilaek-Strap Hill. lie died respected, leaving a large posterity, in 1773. Photo, by Conant, Portland. ^ ^' ^^->.^.^u<^u^ r^ ^>^^2^^^-~e^-^ ^^k^.,k«^- Photo, by Conant, Portlan( IRlgJOgKlSl ®i? ^©AM i?. S!/]iRl3iL©W, FAILIiaQOTKl, Ea^Diraig. TOWN OF FALMOUTH. 277 village, in the same county, and in connection with the mercantile business also carried on a hotel. He married, at the latter place, Aug. 20, 1834, Myrtilla, daughter of Wil- liam Cole. Their children are seven, five of whom are living, — George G., Georgiana, Emma G., William C., and Isabel. Mr. Bridgham remained six years at Buckficld, and in 1841 settled at Poland Corner in business and also carried on a farm. The construction of the Grand Trunk Railroad interfered with his operations, and he settled at Auburn, Me., where he kept a public-house for one year, and returned to Poland. In 1854 he was a member of the Legislature from the latter place, of which he was selectman for three years and treasurer for one year, and also post- master for four years, having previously been town clerk of Buckfield for six years. In 1857 he removed to Bridgton, where he was engaged in the hotel business and farming for nine years. He was afterwards for two years a resident of Poland, and for about four years proprietor of the Walker House (now the Boston and Maine Railroad Depot in Portland). In 1871 he settled in the town of Falmouth, where he now resides. Mr. Bridgham is a staunch member of the Democratic party, and is always interested in all questions affecting local or State legislation. He is the present nominee on the Demo- catic ticket for member of the Legislature. Mr. Bridgham was many years ago connected with the State militia,. and for many years captain of a company. MAJOR ADAM WINSLOW, son of Hezekiah and Phoebe Winslow, was born in Fal- mouth, Feb. 28, 1795. He is a descendant of the fifth generation from James Winslow, who was born May 9, 1687, and died Oct. 19, 1773, and who resided in Mas- sachusetts. His grandftither Samuel was the first of the family to settle in Falmouth, about 1750, as his son Heze- kiah was born in that town in 1763. Samuel Winslow took up the farm now owned by his great-grandson, Adam F. Winslow, about one hundred years ago, and settled his son Hezekiah upon it when a young man, who built the brick house now upon it. He was a military man of some note, and cherished a love for such displays until his death. He held official positions for many years in Falmouth, and during the war of 1812 received and kept safely packages sup- posed to contain gold and silver from his friends in Portland. Major Adam Winslow inherited the old homestead, and greatly improved it. He served in the war of 1812, and re- ceived a bounty of one hundred and sixty acres of land. He was at Portland as a musician when the British made their last attempt to burn it, and was one to help escort Gen. La Fayette to Portland on his last visit. He was a thorough business man, and although of limited book-knowledge his sound judgment and business ability led others to seek his counsel and select him to settle difiicult questions iu many estates. He was selectman, and held various official posi- twns. In politics he was a Democrat, and in religion a Univcrsalist. He married Anne Merrill, who was born Nov. 28, 1797, and died Oct. 17, 1877. They had nine children. ADAM F. WINSLOW was born in Falmouth, July 15, 1836. He was educated in the district schools of his own town, and, with the ex- ception of a single term at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Westbrook Seminary. He is remembered at the last- named institution as a youth of exemplary habits, and, though in delicate health, as a close .student, and distin- guished especially for mathematical ability and attainments. In the higher mathematics he was the first scholar of his class, and received the highest prize of the institution at the examination in 1857. He has always taken a deep interest in the cause of education, and has done good serv- ice as a teacher of town and select schools. He commenced teaching in the winter of 1857, and taught one or two terms a year for a period of ten years. He married, March 12, 1863, Miss Mary A. McDonald, of Gorham, a lady of good education and an accomplished and successful teacher. Their family consists of five daugh- ters and one son. They live on the old hoiuestead, in the house built by his grandfather and occupied by him, and afterwards by his son, Maj. Adam Winslow, father of the present occupant, who has, however, greatly improved the buildings which now grace this fine old estate. Mr. Winslow is a practical and successful farmer. Bo- sides cultivating his large farm, he has, since the year 1874, been extensively engaged in the manufacture of lumber. For the prosecution of this business he erected in that year a mill on his own estate, and is able to utilize a valuable water-power and the timber of his own forest, and so de- velop an industry in his town which should be profitable to him as it is advantageous and helpful to others. Mr. Winslow is a social, genial, hospitable man, and is noted for his frankness, kindness, integrity, and public spirit. He is held in high esteem by his townsmen, whom, as the man of their choice, he served for twelve years as a mem- ber of the Superintending School Committee, or as School Supervisor. He was twice elected by the towns of Fal- mouth and Cumberland to represent them in the State Legislature, and was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives in the years 1872 and 1874. BENJAMIN F. HALL was born in the town of Falmouth, Me. (Cumberland County), Sept. 21, 1824. He is oldest son in a family of four sons and three daughters of George and Pjlizabeth (Hull) Hall, both of whom were of Engli.sh descent. Mr. Hall iu early life received only a common-school education, and remained upon the farm with his father until he was thirty years of age. In the year 1854 he uiarried Mary R., youngest child of Dr. Samuel and Theresa (Wormell) Brackett, she being a native of Falmouth, born Jan. 12, 1830. They have two children, — Mary T., born Sept. 16, 1855, and George L., born Jan. 25, 1857. In the spring of 1855, Mr. Hall pur- chased and settled upon the farm where he now resides. His life has been one of activity and devotion to business pursuits. Integrity in all the relations of life, correct habits, and a just regard for the best interests of his fellow- HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. citizens have been liis special characteristics. In politics he is a Democrat, and has been honored by his fellow-towns- men with the oflBce of selectman for seven years, six of which he was chairman of the Board. He is known as a friend of educational and kindred interests, and a repre- sentative farmer. GRENVILLE HALL was born in the town of Falmouth, Cumberland Co., Me., Jan. 27, 1824. He is third child and second son of Jere- miah and Hnldali (Winslow) Hall. His fiither and mother were both natives of Falmouth, and his paternal grandfather was a native of Kittery, York Co., Me., and became one of the early settlers of P^almouth. Jeremiah Hall died April 10, 1868, aged eighty years. He was an agricul- turist through life. Was prominently identified with the local interests of his town. He was several times elected as selectman of the town and held various other minor ofiBces. He was reared under Quaker influences, but never became a member of any church. He was known as a worthy citizen and a liberal supporter of church, school, and kindred interests. Mr. Grenville Hall was reared on the farm previously occupied by his father and grandfather. He received a good education and early learned the principles that govern a business life. His occupation has been farming, lumber- ing, and navigation. In politics he is identified with the Democratic party. Feb. 3, 1875, he married Miranda, daughter of William Field, of Falmouth. CAPT. ALBERT S. TIBBETTS was born in Lincoln Co., Me., March 26, 1830. He was eldest son and second child of James and Eunice (Brookings) Tibbetts, who were of New England birth. Capt. Tibbetts received a good education during his boy- hood. At the age of seventeen he went to sea ; when twenty years of age he commanded a .schooner in the coast- ing trade for two years. Afterwards he commanded a brig and also a bark. In 1862 he took charge of the bark " Ocean's Favorite," afterwards of the " Archer," and sailed her to the Platte River, Buenos Ayres, for four years. He sailed the bark " Sarah" and also the " Sacramento" for a time. He has made two voyages to Europe, and the balance of his twenty-five years' seafaring life has been devoted to the coasting trade. In 1853 he married Angelette, daughter of Joseph Sherman. They have one son living, — Ernest A. Tib- betts, born May 9, 1871. Capt. Tibbetts is a Republican in politics. He is a sup- porter of church and like interests, and takes a decided interest in local affairs. In 1873 he settled on the farm where he now resides, a view of which may be seen on another page of this work. FREEPORT. INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES. The northeastern part of North Yarmouth, formerly called Ilarraseeket, was incorporated under the name of Freeport, Feb. 14, 1789. This town originally extended to the New Gloucester line. That part north of lots 13, 12, 22, 23, 20, 21, 18, 19, 16, and 17, in ranges A, B, C, D, and E, was taken oflF to form Pownal in 1808. Front's Gore, on the northeast, lying between the towns of North Yarmouth and Bruns- wick, was joined to the town by the act of incorporation. Otherwise, the town retains its original lines, and is bounded on the east by Brunswick; on the south, by Casco Bay; on the west, by Cousin River and Yarmouth, following the line between the 100 and 120-acre divisions; and on the north, by Pownal and Durham. It included all the islands intersected by an cast-southea.sterly line from Lane's Point, and belonging to North Yarmouth at that date. The town was to pay its share of the Revolutionary war debt, pay two-fifths of all assessed taxes, and receive its share of the town military stores on hand. FIRST TOWN-MEETING. Under a warrant issued by Samuel Merrill, Esq., an election was held March 23, 1789, at the meeting-house in the old burying-ground. Samuel Merrill was elected mod- erator, and Nathan Wesson, town clerk, when it was pro- posed and voted that Rev. Abraham Cummings open the meeting by prayer. John Mann was elected Treasurer; Joseph Staple, James Curtis, Col. George Rogers, Selectmen and Assessors; Cornelius Soule, George Bartoll, Collectors and Constables ; William Todd, Constable ; Bartholomew Reed, John Dunning, Wardens; Jeremiah Nason, Samuel Winslow, Josiah Cummings, William Brown, Samuel Griffin, Abner Sylvester, Mark Rogers, Daniel Curtis, Robert An- derson, Surveyors of Flighwaj's ; Ezra Curtis, Ambrose Tal- )' bot, Tithing-men ; James Buxton, Culler of Hoops and Staves; Seward Porter, Thomas Mains, Surveyors of Boards; James Crocker, Ambro.se Talbot, Joseph Mitchell, Fence- Viewere; Abraham Reed, Calvin Carver, Benjamin Parker, Jr., James Soule, Silas Wentworth, Noah Pratt, Hog-Reeves and Field-Drivers; Thomas Bicknell, Sealer of Leather. TOWN OP FKEEPORT. 279 EARLY SETTLEMENT. The early voyagers reported fish, game, and wild fruits in great abundance within the waters and upon the hill- sides bordering the coast of the Harraseeket, but the diffi- culty of escape from Indian incursions prevented any per- manent settlement on the mainland for many years. In 1658, James Lane ventured a short distance up Cousin River, on its east bank, in what has .since become South- west Freeport, wliere he soon after received a grant of land, and also of the island which bears his name, at the mouth of the river. About 1660, John Mosier* settled on Ho- sier's, since changed to Moge's Island. Richard Dummer occupied Pine, since changed to Flying Point, until his death in 1666. Richard Bray settled a short distance south of Mr. Lane. Nathaniel Wallis bought his improve- ment and claim to 55 acres of land in 1672. Mr. Lane's land was deeded in 1673. Wolfe's Nock was held and occupied by John Shephard in 1 666. Amos Stevens, son-in-law of William Royall, joined him in 1674. Bus- tin's Island wa.s occupied by William Haynes previous to the Indian war of 1676. At the commencement of hos- tilities James Lane was killed. His four sons, John, Henry, Samuel, and Job, fled with the alarmed settlers, who escaped with their lives, but lost their homes. Thomas Blashfell settled on the west shore of Harra- seeket River in 1681, John Harris in 1682, Vines Elliott and John York in 1682-84. William Larrabee, east of Cousin River, in 1685. The "waste land" between Mr. Wharton, who claimed three miles to the westward of Burgomungoming River, and B. Gedney, who claimed two miles eastward from Cousin River, was granted to J. Dummer, Simeon Stoddard, John Foster, and Walter Gen- dall in 1686. Pine Point was granted to Jeremiah Dum- mer, one of the proprietors' committee, in 1684. Thomas Bailey, one of the proprietors' trustees in 1685, was a son of John Bailey, who came in the " Mayflower," and ancestor of four John Baileys in a direct line, the last of whom was father of Seth Bailey, Sr., of Freeport, and grandfather of Amos J., Asa, and Seth Bailey, Esq., of Freei)ort village. Josiah Atwood settled near Cousin River, and sold his place to Thomas Reding in 1690. July 27, 1688, an Indian and his squaw came to the house of Samuel and Henry Lane, and were permitted to stay all night. The next morning they went to the water- side and called five other Indians. They asked for coals, with which they began building a fire near the house. Telling them of the danger of setting fire to the house, the Lanes carried the fire to the water-side for them, whereupon they fell upon Samuel Lane, who defended him- '^' Mosier was the son of Hugh Mosier, an early settler in Falmouth, but who afterwards moved farther up the bay. At the court in July, 1666, James Mosier, eldest son of Hugh, was appointed administrator of his father's estate, and John Mosier and James Lane were his sureties. In court, July, 1666, the following judgment was rendered: "John Mosier fined for his offence 5». and officers' fees 5«. ; this 10». to be forthwith paid ; and if afterwards by two evidences he can make it out that upon the Sabbath he traveled purposely, as he pretends, to look after Mr. Lane, who that day, as the said Mosier prcteiuled, was in danger of being drowned, then the said Mosier is to have his 10». returned to him again." self so valiantly that they left him and began chasing his hogs with their hatchets. Soon after there was a general outbreak, and the settlement was abandoned until 1722. John Shephard was killed. Henry Wolfe married his daughter in England, came to America, and settled upon his claim in 1717. He received a grant of G7 acres of land upon Wolfe's Neck and Wolfe's Island in 1733, and in 1735 was one of the fifteen voters at the town election of North Yarmouth. His daughter, Mary, was the ma- ternal ancestor of Nathaniel Aldrich, grandfather of Hon. George Aldrich, the present occupant. Mr. Wolfe planted the first orchard in the town, but finding it attractive to the Indians, who came for the apples, he cut all down but a single extremely sour tree, which is still standing. James Anderson settled on Flying (formerly Pine) Point. Greenfield Pote, Gideon Mann, and Abner Den- nison settled near the Cove burying-ground and east of Harriseeket River. Mr. Boardman came previous to the survey of 1726. Other settlers joined them, and a block-house of hewn logs was built for their mutual protection. Joseph Anderson, grandfather of Mrs. T. A. Wilber, was born here in 1742. Mr. Babble lived on Pine Point in 1746. May 5, 1756, Thomas Cleans, grandfather of Deacon H. B. Means, of Freeport village, was shot by Indians while defending his family. Mrs. Means, who was captured, escaped to the house with her infant child, but was after- wards shot, the ball passing through the child, killing it instantly and dangerously wounding the mother. Her sister, a Miss Skinner, was captured at the same time. Mr. Martin, who had secreted himself in the chamber, shot one of the Indians through a crack in the floor. Mr. Bryant was killed near Cousin River. Two others were killed near by. Edward Brewer, a Connecticut sailor, was one of this early settlement on Wolfe's Neck. Ambrose Talbot came up the river in a canoe and made a settlement at South Freeport, just west of the village, and was joined by Henry Parker next to the creek westward. Stephen Weston settled near. Indians drove them out, and three times the woods were fired, forcing them to begin anew. The Lanes returned to their father's place. Jonathan Rice and Phinehas Stevens, who came as chainmen, settled in the town. James Jameson came in 1758. Amos Sylvester .settled on Front's Gore in 1759, wliere his son, Thomas Sylvester, was born in 17G0. James Sawyer, Seabury Winslow, Melzor Byrom, and Jonathan Woodbury also came in 1759, and settled east of the land- ing. Caleb Sylvester came in 1763 ; Joshua and Abraham Mitchell in 1768. William Todd settled near " Todd's Bridge" in 1771. Moses Cobb, Ezra Curtis, Capt. Thos. Curtis, Thomas Cofiin, Job Douglass, Samuel Griffin, Rich- ard Grant, Richard Kilby, Asa Miller, Daniel Pratt, and Josiah Stockbridge were all residents of Freeport previous to 1774. Nathaniel Jos.sclyn, a soldier of the Revolution, settled in Freeport, with his brother Abner, at the close of the war. William, Joseph, and Nehemiah Ward were early settlers; many of their descendants are prominent in the north of the town. Nehemiah Ward was a lilhing- man of North Yarmouth in 1753. 280 HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Ill 1789 a committee was appointed to take cliarge of the various funds. A heavy pound of timbers, 40 feet square and Y feet high, was erected on the ministerial land, and the town-clerk was empowered to hire money to purchase a town-hook ! Eleven marriages were consuuniiatcd between residents of the town and their ladies.* In 1792 smallpox made its appearance, and, although subjected to rigid quarantine in pest-houses, caused many deaths. Twelve cents bounty was paid for killing crows. Williani Mitchell, being burned out in 1807, was relieved from tax and voted §100 from the public fund. In 1829 it was voted that "surveyors of highways are jjrohibited from furnishing ardent spirits on the road from the road-tax." A town-hall was erected, over the store of Mr. Samuel Holbrook, in 1831-33. This was burned in 1845. Among the places of historic interest are the old Wolfe's Point apple-tree and the cellar of the first house, a camping- place now for summer visitors, on the extreme point, and on Flying Point the site of the block-house where the pio- neers sought refuge from the Indians. The burying-ground near by contains the remains of Joseph Anderson, born here in 1743, and died in 1811. A iamily ground marks the resting-place of Joseph Mann. " G. M.," on a rough granite stone, means Gideon Mann, who was a resident here in 1746. On Wolfe Neck, Greenfield Pote, who died 1797, aged sixty-one; Nathaniel Aldrich, died 1834, aged eighty-two; and George Lincoln, died 1818, aged fifty-four, were most prominent. The largest old ground at Mast Landing contains Nehe- miah Randall, died 1790, aged forty-three; Abner Denni- son, died 178G, aged sixty-seven, and many other early settlers. At Freeport village a large cemetery, containing 9 acres, one half woodland, was laid out in 1859, and is held by a corporation. Among its occupants are Samuel Litchfield, a soldier of the Revolution ; and the remains from the old burying-giound, near the town-house, removed under the supervision of John C. Kendall, selectman, in 1878, and buried in a trench, some 3 rods long and 5 feet wide, close to the northern wall. A short distance south is the old burying-ground in which stood the first church. Capts. Joseph Potter, David Staples, Daniel Grant, and Samuel Jameson, Hon. Rufus Soule, Samuel Holbrook, Leonard Morse, Esq., and Lieut. John H. Andrews, of the 9th Maine Volunteers, who died at Savannah, Ga., 1862, are among its honored occupants. In the north, beside the old Bailey water-mill, on Royal River, are the first of the Hoyt, Jordan, and Plummer families ; farther south the Ward family, Capt. Charles Lambert, who died in 1872, aged ninety-seven; and the Cushing family ground, where rest Capt. David Hooper and wife, who were aged respectively ninety and ninety-one years. * Josiiih Reed, Samuel Woithly, Bcnj. Porter, Robert Townsend, Joseph Sylvester, Seth Carver, S.amuel Mitchell, Joshua Oardncr, Seth Builey, Robert Moore, Joseph Potter. In South Freeport Cemetery, Ambrose Talbot, who died in 1838, aged ninety-two; Stephen Weston, who died 1820, aged sixty-eight; and Benjamin Waite, died 1837, aged eighty-one, are earliest settlers. Westward, in the Webster ground, are John M. Loring, died 1839, aged seventy ; Richard Fitts, died 1817, aged seventy-one ; Samuel Soule, died 1835, aged seventy-three ; John Webster, died 1802, aged fifty-two; Joseph Staples, died 1807, aged seventy ; and Samuel Mitchell, died 1838, aged eighty. There is another burial-ground in the west. VILLAGES. FREEPORT, the chief village, is located near the centre, three miles from South Freeport, the chief landing, and is the only railroad station in the town. A portion of its lands were first deeded by Gen. Jeremiah Powell to Ammi R. Cutter in 1768, and to Joseph Mitchell in 1772, including the business part north of Main Street. In 1824, when Samuel Bliss opened the old tavern, it was a lively lumber- ing centre, surrounded by woods, from which busy lumber- men were fast stripping the valuable timber. Stages passing eastward from Portland stopped here, and the fisheries con- tributed to its general prosperity. The advent of railroads and a settled population have given it a local importance, and increased the village to its present dimensions. Scat- tered along its main street for nearly a mile 90 fine dwel- lings are half hidden by ancient elms. There are here a new and commodious town-house, three churches, a high- school building, a Masonic hall, and the following trades and manufactures : Machinery: J. P. Merrill, shoe-tools and general repair- ing; established 1870. Clothing: E. P. Oxnard, established 1870; furni.shes employment to 12 shop and 80 outside operatives. Shoes: Davis & Cushing, established 1872; employs 20 operatives in shop and 30 outside, — mostly farmers, who have small shops near their dwellings. Harlan P. Den- nison, established 1S7S; 10 shop and 20 outside opera- tives. L. M. Bailey, established 1877 ; employs about 12 operatives in all. Inks: H. M. Soule, e.stabli.shed 1878. General Slerchandise : Gore & Davis, established by William Gore and Samuel Holbrook in 1831, succeeded by his son. E. P. Oxnard, established 1874. Rufus M. Dill, established 1865. Ellis & Kilby, established 1879. Soule Brothers, established, 1862, by Edward S. Soule. Hardware: C. M. Ballard, since 1877, established by James P. Wecman, 1849. Drugs: 0. H. Briggs & Co., established 1877. Jewelry: G. E. Weston, established 1878. Millinery and Ladies' Goods: Mary Dillingham, estab- lished 1875. Ida J. Noyes, established 1879. Markets: I. M. Fields & Co., established 1878. Rufus M. Dill, established 1878. Custom Shoe-Shops: Joseph Farwell, established 1840. S. E. Cushing, establi-shed 1877. Harness ; Henry Green, established 1847. w #^ riiolo. by ('..iniiit, r..illaiHl. '^lA^ ouisa, mar- ried William Gore; and D. Lazelle, married E. P. Cutter, of Boston. Susan, wife of Natlian Nye, died Oct. 29, 1817. In 1818 he married, for liis second wife, Hannah B., sister of his first wife. Their children were Caroline M., married Rev. E. G. Paison ; and Na- than, who died May 17, 1833. Mr. Nye was a Federalist of the old school. He served his town as treasurer for a number of vears, and also represented it in the State Legisla- ture. In religious faith he was a Unitarian. He died March 2, 1870, and his wife died July 29, 1866. TOWN OF FREEPORT. 281 Carriages: L. T. Coffin, establislied 1874. Johnson Williams, establislied 1864. Coffins and Caskets: L. T. Coffin, established 1874. Blacksmilhs: Hiram B. Tuttle, H. W. Noyes, John M. Locke. Painter: F. M. Curtis, established 1855. Livery Stables: W. A. Mitchell, A. H. Kilby. Hotel : Freeport House, George P. Parker, establislied in Oxnard Block, 1875. Conveyancer and Justice of the Peace : Setli Bailey. Lawyers: E. W. Mitchell, Samuel Clark, H. G. Sleeper. Physicians : Ebenezer Wells, D. D. Spear, John G. Pierce, 0. W. Norton. Postmaster : J. H. Banks ; mails daily. MAST LANDING, at the head of tide on Harraseeket River, was so named from being the landing where masts were delivered from the surrounding forests for the British navy. Abner Dennison settled here as early as 1656. Joseph Lufkin, from Cape Ann, Mass., built his cabin near the bridge about 1778, and Aaron Lufkin, a fisherman, who brought with him, as an apprentice to that trade, John Griffin, father of Tristram R. and Ambrose Griffin, and Martin Anderson were also early settlers at this place. Zebulon Lufkin joined the others at the close of the war. The place had for more than thirty years previous been a mast landing under protection of British troops, who conveyed the woodsmen to and from their work. Above the settle- ment, now comprising fourteen dwellings, is an abandoned store and a school-house. Dennison's mill was here in 1804, and afterwards a large flouring-, saw-, shingle-, and general wood-working mill. This was burned in 1861, and the site abandoned. On the west branch was an early tide-mill. porter's landing, at the head of the west branch, the home of Benjamin and Capt. Jo.seph Porter, — formerly Mitchell's Landing, — was the landing for Freeport, a mile and a half distant, and a place of activity. It was at this place Mr. Porter's salt- works were in operation, in 1793, for the evaporation of salt water. A hundred yards above the wharf, near the bridge, there was a tide-mill for many years previous to 1820. There are 20 dwellings, occupied by seafaring men and ship-builders, upon the hills around the landing. A road 12 rods wide was laid out through this place, and passing Freeport village, in 1770. SOUTH FREEPORT is directly opposite the entrance to the free-port from which the town takes its name. From the earliest settle- ment of the town it was made the centre of a fishing trade, which assumed its greatest importance when, from 1825 to 1830, as many as 12,000 barrels of mackerel were packed upon its wharf in a single year. Attention was turned to ship-building, which became a leading industry until 1845, when the fisheries were again revived by Allied Soule and Samuel Bliss, who opened a store at South Freeport and packed largely. At that date there were only Capt. Jacob Lincoln, Joseph and Jonathan Stockbridge, Washington 36 and Clement Soule, Capt. Ambrose and Floyd Talbot, Alfred Waite, and C. Puine at that place, which has since grown to comprise a fine church, 00 dwellings, store now kept by J. E. Davis, shoe-shop, school-house for graded school, erected 1867, and three ship-yards. Postma.ster, J. E. Davis ; mails daily by stage. It has a fine harbor and safe anchorage for 50 vessels inside. Wm. K. Lewis & Bro., of Boston, Mass., erected a general packing establishment at this place in 1870. Under the present law, restricting the catch of lobsters to the months of April, May, and June, from 4000 to 5000 dozen cans are packed. This is succeeded by fish and berries until the corn season. The shops have a capacity of 12,000 cans of corn per day, packing 30,000 dozen during the season. There are, besides, a large shoe- manufactory in the north part of the town, established by J. M. V. Jordan in 1874, and a store opened by J. S. Ward in 1864, and now conducted by E. E. Morton. Ship-building has been one of the leading industries of the town for the last century. The two ship-yards at South Freeport have been operated by Enos Soule, Soule & Bliss, and since 1877 by Soule Bros. The yard half a mile above, operated by Briggs & Gushing, was established in 1853. Edwin Merrill I'ormerly built ships at Porter's Landing. Mr. Soule alone has built 87 vessels. Nine were launched upon the Harra.seeket River in 1854. CIVIL LIST. SELECTMEN. 1789. — Joseph Staple, James Curtis, Col. George Rogers. 1 790. ^Joseph Staple, James Curtis, Thomas Means. I79I. — Joseph Staple, John Gushing, David Dennison. 1792. — John Cushing, Joseph Staple, Capt. Greenfield Poto. 179.3-94. — John Cushing, James Curtis, John Stockbridge. 1795. — Joseph Staple, John Cushing, Col. George Rogers. 1796. — John Cushing, James Curtis, John Stockbridge. 1797.— James Curtis, Nath. Burrell, James Rogers. 1798.— James Curtis, Noah Burrell, Barton Sylvester. 1799.— John Cushing, Jo.seph Staple, William Pote. 1800.— John Cushing, William Pote, .Tumes Curtis. 1801.— John Cushing, Joseph Staple, James Curtis. 1802-3. — John Cushing, James Curtis, William Pote. 1804. — John Cushing, John A. Hyde, Joseph Staple. ISOo.— John Cushing, Joseph Staple, William Pote. 1806.- John Cushing, Cornelius Dillingham, Edmond Pratt. 1807. — John Cushing, Cornelius Dillingham, Thomas Bicknell. ISOS. — John Cushing, Edmund Pratt, Moses Soule, Jr. 1809.— Bai-ton Sylvester, Moses Soule, Jr., Nathan AVesson. 1810. — Nathan AVesson, Henchman Sylvester, Micah Stockbridge. ISU.—Nathan Wesson, Thomas Bicknell, Thomas K. White. 1812. — Nathan Wesson, Barton Sylvester, Joseph Lufkin. 1813. — Nathan Wesson, Barton Sylvester, Samuel Hyde. 1814. — Barton Sylvester, Moses Soule, John Webster. 1815. — Barton Sylvester, William Pote, John Webster. 1816. — Capt. William Pote, Cornelius Dillingham, Ed. Pralt. 1817. William Pote, Cornelius Dillingham, Moses Soule, Jr. 1818.— Edmond Pratt, Cornelius Dillingham, William Pote. 1819.— Cornelius Dillingham, AVilliam True, Josiah AV. Mitchell. 1820.- Cornelius Dillingham, Ansyl Clark, Daniel Brewer, Jr. 1821. — Edmond Pratt, Daniel Brewer, Jr., Joseph Dennison. 1822.— AVilliam True, Daniel Brewer, Jr., John Townsend. 1823.— Ansyl Clark, Samuel Porter, Josiah AV. Mitchell. 1824. — Samuel Porter, Cornelius Dillingham, Simeon Pratt. 1825.— Edmond Pratt, Ammi Dennison. Simecm Pratt. 1826. — Simeon Pratt, Edmond Prutt, Ammi Dennison. 1827.— Simeon Pratt, Edmond Pratt, Seth Bailey, Jr. 1828. — Simeon Pratt, Seth Bailey, Jr., Joseph Mitchell. 1829. — Simeon Pratt, Edmond Pratt, Thomas Means. 1830.— Simeon Pratt, Rufus Soule, Seth Bailey. 282 HISTORY OF CUJIBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1S31.— Edniond Pratt, Simeon Pratt, Thomas Menns. 1832. — Simeon Pratt, Thomas Means, Scth ISailcy, Jr. 1833. — Simeon Prntt, Sitli liailey, Jr., Joseph Denni.Saecarnppa the scouting-party divided, and part went to Windham. The party for Gorliam came to McLellan's liouse, where they were joyfully received. McLellan's oxen, still yoked, were found in the woods, near by where they had been left the morn ing before. What furniture they had was quickly loaded on a cart, and under the protection of the scout they started for the fort. Near Bryant's house they met a party from the fort, who had ventured out that day to learn something of the extent of the mischief done by the savages. The bodies of Mr. Bryant und his children were carried to the fort, and buried near by with due propriety." Some days before this attaek Edward Cloutmaii's family liad removed from tlie garrison. On this day he had irone to his field to complete the sowing of liis grain. The Indians there discovered him, — some eight of them in a party together. He had a fine gun which they were anxious to obtain, and they thought also that his capture would be a discouraging blow to the settlement. He was a powerful man, of great muscular strength, and in the prime of life, being over six feet tall and weighing 220 pounds. He was alone in his field when the Indians dis- covered liim. "As soon as his back was turned towards them, five of tlie savages ran towards him ; he saw them, and ran for Mr. Bryant's house. Coming to the fence where he had a short time before placed brush, in trying to leap over the fence he became entangled and fell back ; he rose and tried a second time, but did not succeed ; then two Indians sprang towards him; Cloutman knocked them down ; a third Indian he put under his feet ; two more savages came up with guns leveled at his breast. Cloutman then surrendered. Had it not been for the brush that entangled liim, he would probably have saved himself and the Bryant family." Cloutman was taken to Canada, whence he wrote his wife a letter, which she re- ceived in September following, relating the particulars of his capture. He informed her that the Indians took him and Reed and Mrs. Bryant westerly down the stream and remained concealed all day ; that at night two Indians approached the fort so near that they could hear the voices of the inmates; and that at midnight tlioy forded Little River. Mrs. Bryant being very feeble, Mr. Clout- man carried her on his back over all the streams, and many miles besides where the traveling was bad. They followed the Saco River, and passed through the Notch of the White Mountains. Cloutman and Dunbar made their escape, and it is supposed wore drowned in attempting to swim across a bay of Lake Champlain on making their way homeward. The skeletons of two men were found on the shore of the lake, and in the garment of one was found a pocket-compass, which w;is identified as one Cloutman had in Canada. " After peace was made, an Indian came to Gorham and called on Cloutman's widow, and with a beaver-skin wanted to buy an axe. She would not sell him her axe. He then went to Mr. Dennis Larry's hou.se and traded with him. The Indian told Mr. Larry that he wsis one of the party that captured Cloutman, and told how they did it. He said, ' Strong man, Cloutman ; he beat two Indians so they died before they got to Canada.' "* The widow of Edward Cloutman married Mr. Abraham Anderson, of Windham, where she died Dec. 1, 1802, aged eighty-four years. " She was the grandmother of Hon. John Anderson, of Portland, Hon. William Anderson, of Windham, and of Mrs. Ann Waterman, wife of Dr. John Waterman, of Gorham. Edward Cloutman left a son and s Pierce's History of Gorha JOHN H. ROBERTS was horn in the (own of (Torliain, Jan. 21, 1818. Tlie farm on whicli liis widow now resides was first settled hy Joseph Roherts, and has been in tlie family since. He is fourth son and fourth child of Samuel and Betsey (Huston) Roherts. His father was a native of Gorham, born June 2, 1799, and married, May 3, 1818, Betsey Huston, who was born in Portland, March 13, 1788. Mr. Roberts received his education in the common school and Gorham Academy. He married, Dec. 8, 1850, Martha Ann, daughter of Thomas and Susan (Edwards) Worcester, who was born in Gorham Sept. 9,1819. Their children are Ella R., wife of Joim H. Harmon, of Buxton, York Co. ; Samuel W., I'c- sides on the homestead ; ISIartha L., wile of .lohn M. Russell, of Worcester Co., Mass. He \\as a member of the Baptist Church of South Gorham. In jiolities he was a Republican. In the late Rebellion he sacrificed his life for the good of his country, evincing that jiatriotism and bravery as a soldier which gave success to the Union arms. He enlisted in Company I, 17th Regiment Maine Volunteer Infantry, took part in several en- gagements, and was slightly wounded in the battles of (lettysburg and Jiocust Grove. During (ien. ({rant's (•ami)aign before Richmond he received a fatal wound, and died at Douglas Hospital, Washington, Aug. 15, 1864, after a lin- gering sickness of over three nimuhs. TOWN OF GORHAM. 289 daughter ; the latter died unmarried. His son, Timotliy, married Katy Partridge. Tiiey left a numerous family, who were respected and useful citizens of Gorham, and some of his descendants still reside in the town." Several other incidents occurred during this war : Col. Edmund Phinney was fired upon and wounded by a party of Indians while out in search of his cows ; a young man by the name of Bartholomew Thorn was captured and taken to Canada, where he remained seven years, and then re- turned to Gorham. It is said that one day during this Indian war five savages were killed on the Fort Hill road, near the brook southerly of Nathaniel Hamblen's house ; three of them fell by the gun of William 'McLellan. At another time, when all the men were out of the fort, an old dog, by his barking and frantic gestures, awakened the sus- picions of the females in the garrison. They closed the gate, and Mrs. McLellan, the wife of Hugh, ascended to the watch-bos, and carefully scanning the bushes and stumps in the vicinity, discovered an Indian behind a bush. She got a loaded musket and watched at the port-hole. Soon the Indian ro.se cautiously, surveying the fort. He stood in full view ; Mrs. McLellan fired ; her shot took effect. The men, hearing the report of the gun, came running to the fort to learn the cause. When told, they were incredu- lous; but an examination of the spot showed a pool of blood where the Indian had stood, and a bloody trail lead- ing into the woods. The Indian had escaped, or, if mor- tally wounded, had been carried off by his comrades. PUBLIC OFFICERS. DELEGATES TO TUE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 1774, Solomon LombnrJ ; 1775-76, Brjant Morton; 1777, Edmund Phinney; 1779, Solomon Lombard, to form State Constitution of Massachusetts. JUDGES OP COMMON PLEAS. 1776-Sl, Solomon Lombard; 1784-99, Josiah Thaeher; 17S9-1S04, William Gorham; 1795-1811, Stephen Longfellow. JUDGES OP PROBATE. William Gorham, 1782-1805, twenty-three years. Since Maine be- came a State, Josiah Pierce, 1846-56, ten years. SENATORS UNDER MASSACHUSETTS. Josiah Thaeher, Stephen Longfellow, Lothrop Lewis, James Irish. SENATORS IN MAINE LEGISLATURE. Josiah Pierce, three years, president of the Senate, 1835-3C; Charles Hunt, two years ; James Mann, two years. Hugh D. McLellan was speaker of the House of the Maine Legisla- ture in 1847-48. EXECUTIVE COUNCILORS. Edmund Mann, of Gorcrnor Dunlap's Council ; Toppan Robie, of Governor Kent's Council; Dominicus Jordan, of Governors Fair- field's and Kavenagh's Council; Frederick Robie, of Governor Washburn's Council. Edward P. Weston, Superintendent of Common Schools^ 1S60-62. Daniel C. Emery was Sheriff of Cumberland County in 1856. Edmund Mann and .leremiah Parker, County Commissioners. John A. Waterman, County Treasurer, 1857-58, and Judge of Pro- bate, 1863-72. James Mann, County Treasurer, 1862. Lothrop Lewis, James Irish, and Joseph Adams were delegates to the convention that formed the constitution of Maine. 37 SELECTMEN. 1765.— Benjamin Skillinss, Amos Whitney, Joseph Weston. 176(). — Ccujamin Skillings, Amos Whitney, Bryant Morton. 1767.— Benjamin Skillinga, Amos Whitney. Edmund Phinney. 1768.— Hugh McLellan, Edmund Phinney, Joseph Calcs. 176'J. — Edmund Phinney, Amos Whitney, James Gilkcy. 1770-71.— Edmund Phinney, Jame.s (iilkey, Barnabas Bangs. 1772. — Solomon Lombard, Edmund Phinney, Nathan Whitney. 1773.— Edmund Phinney, James Gilkey, Samuel Whitmoro. 1774.— Benjamin Skillings, Nathan Whitney, Prince Davis. 1775.— Edmund Phinney, Prince Davis, William McLellan. 1776. — William Gorham, Prince Davis, James Phinney. 1777-78.— James Phinney, Andrew Crockett, Samuel Harding. 1779. — James Phinney, James (jilkoy, Andrew Crockett. 1780.— James Gilkey, Andrew Crockett, William Cotton. 1781. — Edmund Phinney, William Gorham, Stephen Longfellow, Jr. 1782.— Edmund Phinney, Stephen Longfellow, Jr., William McLel- lan. 1783.— James Phinney, Prince Davis, William McLellan. 1784. — James Phiuney, Stephen Longfellow, Jr., .'Austin .Mdon. 1785. — Stephen Longfellow, Jr., James Phinney, Cary McLellan. 1786.— Stephen Lnnglellow, Jr., James Phinney, Austin Alden. 1787.— Stephen Longfellow, Jr., Austin Alden, Decker Phinney. 1788. — Austin Alden, Decker Phinney, Nathaniel Frost. 1789-92. — Stephen Longfellow, Jr., Samuel Elder, James Phinney. 1792-94. — Stephen Longfellow, Jr., James Phinney, Decker Phinney. 1794-96. — Stephen Longfellow, Decker Phinney, .Tosiah Alden. 1796-1801. — Lothrop Lewis, Josiah Alden,'^-' Samuel Warren. 1801-5. — Lothrop Lewis, Samuel Warren, Decker Phinney. 1805-11. — Lothrop Lewis, Samuel Warren, Edmund Phinney, Jr. 1811.— Lothrop Lewis, Edmund Phinney, Jr., Thomas McLellan. 1812-15 — Lothrop Lewis, Edmund Phinney, Jr., David Harding, Jr. 1815. — Toppan Robie, William McLellan, Samuel Warren. 1815-18. — Lothrop Lewis, William McLellan, Toppan Robie. 1S18.— Toppan Robie, David Harding, Jr., Edw. Wescott. 1819,— David Harding, Jr., Toppan Robie, Matthew Johnson. 1820.— Lothrop Lewis, James Irish, William Cobb. 1S21.— Lothrop Lewis, William Cobb, Nathaniel Phinney. 1822. — Lothrop Lewis, Nathaniel Phinney, Seward Merrill. 1823.— Nathaniel Phinney, Toppan Robie, Simon Elder. 1824.- Seth Webb, Toppan Robie, Simon Elder. 1825.— Edmund Mann, David Harding, Jr., Simon Elder. 1826.— Edmund Mann, Seward Merrill, .Seth Webb. 1827. — Edmund Mann, Seward Merrill, Samuel Staples, Jr. 1828.— Edmund Mann, Seward Merrill, Levi Hall. 1829.- Edmund Mann, Seward Merrill, James Irish. 1830.— Edmund Mann, Joseph Hamilton, Benjamin Skillings. 1831.— Edmund Mann, Clark Swett, Robert JoHnson (3d). 1832.— Seward Merrill, William Silla, Robert Johnson (3d). 1833.— Seward Merrill, William Silla, Daniel C. Emery. 1834.— Edward Mann, William Silla, Toppan Robie. 1835. — Toppan Robie, Benjamin Skillings, Daniel C. Emery. 1836.- Daniel C. Emery, George Strout.f Josiah L. Swett. 1837. — Josiah Pierce, Josiah L. Swett, Benjamin Skillings, 1838.— Josiah Pierce, Josiah L. Swett, William E. Files. 1839-40. — Benjamin Skillings, Simon Elder, Charles 0. Libby. 1841. — Edward Scamman, John Sturgis, Charles 0. Libby. 1842.— Hugh D. McLellan, Simon C. Clements, Joseph W. Parker. 1843-44.— Hugh D. McLellan. Jacob H. Clements, Joseph W. Parker. 1845. — Jonathan Hanson, John Sturgis, Edward Seaman. 1S46.— John Wingate, William Warren, Robert Johnson (3d). 1S47. — John Wingate, William Warren, Daniel C. Emery. 1348. — Daniel C. Emery, Merrill Thomas, Joseph M. Plummer. 1849-50. — Merrill Thomas, Charles Paine, Joseph M. Plummer. 1851. — Merrill Thomas, Charles Paine, Daniel Hall. 1852. — ^MerriU Thomas, Charles Paine, Freeman Harding. 1853. — Freeman Harding, William Merrill, Jr., Theodore Dame. 1854. — Edward .Scamman, Daniel C. Libby, Joshua E. Hall. 1855. — Edward Scamman, Freeman Harding, Joshua E. Hall. 1856. — Edward Scamman, James Phinney, Jr., Joshua E. Hall. 1857-58. James Phinney, Jr., Charles Moulton, Zebulon Whitney. 1859.— Marshall Irish, Merrill T. Files, William Burton. ^ Alden excused and Samuel Prentiss elected. t Resigned. 230 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1 sen.— Merrill T. Files, ■VVillinm Burton, Isanc E. McLcIlnn. 1861.— Isaac E. McLclIiin, Sanrnel S. Waterhouse, Kdnin Coburn. 1862.— Edwin Cubiirn. Samuel S. Watcrliousc. Mo8( 8 Fogg. ISfi;!.— Jusliua E. Hall, If. A. W.atsoii, George Chadbourn. ISB4.— J. W. Parker, li. A. Walfon, George Cbadbourn. 1865.— J. W. Parker, James Phinncy, Edward Files. 1866. — James Phinncy, Edward Files, Charles Johnson. 1867. — James Phinncy, Charles Johnson, Joel Wilson. 1868-69.— Joel M'ilson, Albert G. Bradbury, Solomon B. Cloudman. 1870.— Solomon 13. Cloudman, Samuel F. Bacon, Lewis Libby. 1871-72.— Samuel F. Bacon, Lewis Libby, S. S. Waterhouse. 187.3.— Samuel F. Bacon, Mark Metier, Zebulon Whitney. 1874. — Mark Mosicr, Zebulon Whitney, John S. Leavett. 1875.— John S. Leavelt, Jose]ph Kidlon, Kimball Eastman. 1876-77. — Joseph Rldlon, Jeremiah Parker, William L. Larrabce. 1878.- Kimball Eastman, R. G. Harding, Jeremiah Parker. 1879. — Samuel F. Bacon, Charles W. Deering, Henry Maybcrry. TOWN CLERKS. 176-1-70, Amos Wbilncy; 1770-72, Wentworth Stuart ; 1772-7.3, Amos Whitney; 1772-76, William Goihnm; 1776-78, Caleb Chase; 1778-1804, Austin Alden ; 1804-15, Josiah Alden; 1815-3.3, William H. Foster; 18.33-.37, William B. Harding; 1837-39, Eben Preble: 1839-42, RuSfcIl Linnell ; 1842-43, Charles C. Bangs; 1843-45, Eben Preble ; 1845-46, Rus?ell Linnell; 1846- 49, William B. Harding; 1849-52, John Wingate; 1852-54, William B. Harding; 1854-55, James W. Davis; 1855-58, Samuel F. Bacon; 1858-61, E. W. Kevins; lSCl-64, M. G. Hayden; 1864-66, C. Henry Paine; 1866-71, J. C. Sunimersidcs ; 1871-78, John C. Card ; 1878-79, David F. Watson ; 1879, J. C. Summer- sides. REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT OF MASSA- CHUSETTS. 1765, Solomon Lomlinrd; 1766, voted not to send a re])resentative; 1767-69, Solomon Lombard; 1770, voted not to send a represen- tative; 1771, none; 1772, voted not to send a representative on account of the ])overty of the town; 177.3, chose Wentworth Siewart, on condition that he will serve without expense to the town, which Mr. Siewart agreed to; 1774, voted not to send a representative; 1776, Bryant Morion ; 1776, Caleb Chu.-e; 1777, Bryant Morton; 1778-79, Edmund Phinney ; 1780, Solomon Lombard; 1781, none; 1782, Steiihen Longfellow, Jr. ; 1783-88, Josiah Thaehcr; 1788, Edmund Phinney; 1789-92, Josiah Thaeher; 1792, Stephen Longfellow and Josiah Thaehcr; 1793- 95, Stephen Longfellow; 1795, Josiah Thaeher; 1796, Stephen Longfellow; 1797, Josiah Thaeher; 1798-1800, Stephen Long- fellow; lSOl-3, i^othrop Lewis; 1803, Lothrop Lewis; 1804-8, Lothrop Lewis; 1808, Lothrop Lewis and David Harding, Jr.; 1809, David Harding, Jr., and Dudley Frinted copy in existence, will be interestin;^ to our older citizens who were once his pupils: 'Inhabitants of this town and vicinity, — To behold commodious and elegant mansions rising where lately was a dreary wilderness; to behold the securities, the comforts, and delights of civilized life enjoyed, where beasts, antl men no less fierce than they, formerly roamed; to behold the refined and liberal arts sup- planting the barbarity and ignorance of savage life; and the divine religion of the Prince of Peace taking the place of horrid supersti- tion, must afford exalting pleasure to every good and generous mind. Permit the speaker to congratulate you upon the flourishing state of things among and around you, and especially to offer you his warm congratulations upon your possession of means to train your rising hopes to virtue and usefulness. " ' Much praise is due to our civil fathers for their readiness to in- corporate and endow this nursery of learning. But to your liberal and spirited exertions are we indebted for its present respectable ap- pearance. Without your fostering care it must have languished, and many years have elapsed before it could possess its present vigor and stability. May you be rewarded by the gratitude, the improvement, and usefulness of its children. A richer reward generous minds will not require. Encouraged by your example may new benefactors arise, who shall supply by their liberality what is yet wanting. Finally, may the Author of every good gift, and Governor of the world, take the institution under his holy protection. May he preside over it and bless it. May he furnisL its instructors and overseers with wisdom and discretion, and feed, its pupils with knowledge and understand- ing. May infidelity and impiety, vice and ignorance, with all their baneful train, be banished far from its walls. May it foster none who reverence and love not the God of their fathers and the Redeemer of men. May the pl.ants nurtured here bring forth those fruits which shall make glad the cities of our God. May Gorham Academy [may I supply State Normal School, established in Gorham, Dec. 26, 1878?] be distinguished for learning, virtue, and good order, till time shall be no longer.' " Governor Connor, I now deliver to your Excellency the deeds and property heretofore described, and the keys of the building ; and m.ay our noble State, the State of Maine, which has been honored by your careful and distinguished guidance for a series of prosperous years, ever find as true and just a defender of all its material interests." REPLY OF GOV. CONNOR. " M n. C n A Hi 51 A s,— The Sta te, i n establishing another Normal .'^chool by the act to which you have referred, required, as a condition pre- cedent to its location in the town of Gorham, that there should be conveyed to the State lands aiid buildings of sufhcient capacity and in such condition as to fully meet the demands of the school. The determination of the proper fulfillment of the requirements of the State was intrusted to the judgment of the board of trustees of Nor- mal Schools. In behalf of th.at board it is my agreeable duty to an- nounce to you and the authorities you represent that all the conditions imposed by the act have, in the judgment of the trustees, been fully complied with, it being the understanding that the unfinished work shall be speedily completed, and that with the receipt of muniments of title from your hand the Normal School at Gorham is duly estab- lished as a State institution. " I am confident that I stand in small danger of using words of undue warmth and earnestness in expressing the sentiments with which my colleagues and myself regard this munificent gift which you now make to the State. To say that we are so well satisfied of the sufficiency of the property you donate as to feel warranted in accepting it is an entirely inadequate statement of the estimation in which it is held by us. It is in the highest degree gratifying to receive, in the name of the State, these spacious grounds, these stately and commodious buildings, dedicated to the noblest uses, the free offering of generous and public-spirited citizens. The reasons for gratification are mani- fold and obvious. To those who have had an opportunity to see, ex- amine, and note the character and extent, the worth and beauty of the donation, and its surpassing fitness for the purpose to whichit is devoted, no argument is needed to set forth by how much the State is a,, gainer, in the intrinsic value of the property, and in the facilities it presents for effective service to the State in one of its prime func- tions, — the education of its citizens. It is a most pleasing reflection to the trustees, as it must be to all friends of popular education, that such an accession to the means of training teachers sensibly increases the promise and strengthens the hope of materially advancing the in- terests of the common school. Beautiful and valuable as is your gift, the State is not more enriched by its possession than honored by the example it displays of a distinguished public benefaction, and by the instance it affords of the character of our communities and people, of their appreciation of what is best and highest, and of a zeal ready to sacrifice selfish interests for common good. " In the name of the State of Maine, and with full confidence that the people will ratify my words when they come to kntiw the obliga- tions of gratitude you have placed them under, I thank you — the people of the town of Gorham, the authorities of the Seminary, and all individuals who have contributed to it — for your noble and admi- rable gift, and for the exhibition it affords of a generous spirit, bring- ing honor to yourselves and reflecting honor upon the people of the whole State. Among all the advantages that attend the infant insti- tution and endow it with the fair prospect of a brilliant and successful future, the nature of its origin is a strong encouragement of hopeful auguries. It owes its being to the inlelligenoe, liberality, and benevo- lence of this town, and I cannot but believe that these virtues will impart to their offspring a character in keeping with the fine strain from which it proceeds, and that this school will be distinguished for the faithful observance of all the duties and responsibilities that lie before it. "'In the detailed history you have given of the course of events leading to the consummation of to-day — a history, permit me to say, of great present interest and^)f permanent value — you have referred 294 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY", MAINE. to the action of tbc board of trustees in the kindly manner our asso- ciation with the authorities on the part of the town would lead us to expect. The agents of the State nnd the agents of the town have been animated by the cotnmon purpose to make the most liberal pro- vision possible for the pro«pcctivo needs of the school, and both par- ties have been equally solicitous that nothing should be left undone that could add to its capacity for usefulness. The requirements of the trustees have been promptly acceded to and their suggestions have been courteously entertained. There has b^en no driving of close bargains, no unjust exactions on the one side, or attempt on the other to evade proper demands. In the important matter of the selection of a site for the main building, the town authorities gracefully yielded their preference to the choice made by the trustees, and later on, as you have assured ut*, became convincL-d of the wisdom of the choice. I think there need be no fear that the suitableness of the location will be challenged. *' While the trusties signified their wishes in respect to the number, size, and arrangement of the rooms of the jiroposed structure, they made no jiitipulations in relation to the architectural features and adornments of its exterior. The edifice owes its beautiful design, symmetry, artistic grace and embellishments to the genius of the ar- chitect and the taste and liheralily of the local authorities. " The new Normal School enters upon its existence under the most favorab'c auspices. Situated on a convenient eminence, commanding a wide typical New England prospect, comprising mountains and the Sfa, the city, villages, and rural scenes; in the midst of this liistoric town and among an intelligent and refined people traditionally friendly and helpful to scholars in consequence of years of associa- tion with successive generations of pupils of the academy and the seminary J provided with ample accommodations fur boarding pupils, and fairly equipped in all respects for its work, no influence or pro- vision seems wanting to make it a power in the school system of the State. The State will not fail to continue to provide for the worthy conduct of the school. A principal has been elected whose character, reputation acquired in the discharge of important public trusts, warm interest in the educational affairs and large experience in them, con- stitute the best guarantee that the standard of the school will be placed at a high point and maintained there. The Gorham Normal School, in connection with two other normal schools which have done such excellent service, will go far towards realizing that quality of common schools short of which the ])eople of Maine will not rest contented, for they bold the instruction of their children in like esteem as the Spartau who requested, in reply to the demand of their enemy for fifty bnys as hostages, that they might instead furnish a hundred grown men, since they could ill spare the young in the season of their discipline and instruction. " I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your kind reference to myself. It will always remain among the most pleasing recollections of my offi- cial duties that I was connected with the noble enterprise whose com- pletion we now celebrate, and privileged to receive for the State this costly gift, which breathes the very spirit of peace and good-will char- acteristic of this Christmas time." ADDRESS OF REV. GEORGE SPALDING, D.D. We can find space only for t!»e following extract from Dr. Spalding's address : "... The people of Gorhara, years before this province became a State, were distinguished for their culture, and for the sacrifices which they made to S'icurc the e:^tablishment among them of an advanced institution of learning. It is now just three-quarters of a century since the Gorham Academy was incorporated. It was one of the earliest institutions of its kind in Northern New England. For years it did a splendid service in the cause of education, sending forth as from a fountain-bead influences which were powerfully felt throughout the entire State. I recall with personal gratification the fact that the first preceptor^' of your academy, and the one who was longest and most closely identified with it, was a n;itive of my own town,f and received his education from the teachings of one of my predecessors in office ; and I recall another, the first lady principal;^ of your seminary, whoso ^ Uev. Kcuben Nason. t Dover, N. H. I Mrs. John Lord. supreme womanly qualities, whose noble culture and earnest Christian spirit, wcre^'our admiration here, and which, in her last days, so richly blessed the community in which I was horn. " The generous spirit of the olden days abides with you still. Then the citizens of Gorhara contributed, out of thuir scanty resources, $:^U00 for the use of the academy; an i now, by public tax and pri- vate gifts, you have donated the munificent sum of nearly S;iO,tM)l), presenting it to the people of Maine, in the form of a commodious and elegant building, which you have placed upon the choicest spot in all your noble surroundings. I cannot conceive of circumstances more auspicious for the great enterprise which we formally institute to-day. It may well evoke your higherst anticipations of success, and the good wishes an 1 ardent hopes of every citizen of the State." . . . The dinner in lUdlon's Hall was presided over by Hon. Frederick Robic. The speakers were the chairman, Gov- ernor Connor; Mr. Corthell, Mayor Butler, of Portland; Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D. ; Hon. John A. Waterman, who read letters from Josiah Pierce, Esq., of London, and Hon. W. W. Rice, M.C., of Worcester, Mass.; Hon. Warren H. Vinton; Stanley T. PuUen, Esq.; John M. Adams, Esq. ; William Guptill, Esq. ; Henry Warren, Esq., of Dover, N. H. ; Prof. S. J. Young, of Brunswick ; and G. B. Emery, Esq. ODE.§ " Rude was the shrine our f.ithers reared On this ancestral sod. Where, as the sacred days appeared. They met to worship God. "The drum-beat was their Sabbath bell, Near by the rifle lay, And thus, as ancient legends tell. They met to watch and pray. "Black with the smoke of clearing fires, The log-built school-house stood, Where hardy sons of hardy sires Their daily tasks pursued. " We grasp the prize for which they fought. The spirit of their plan ; With broader reach and wealth of thought, Complete what they began. "The Commonwealth, the teacher's chair Its special work has made, And summons those that task to share Whose gifts her purpose aid ; "Men trained to benefit their kind, And with persistent toil Turn the deep furrows of the mind, And till a virgin soil. " Hence sowers shall go forth to sow Good seed in earnest hearts; The teacher gathers to bestow The treasures he imparts. " This pile the townsmen's gift attests, Their range and breadth of thought, The product in the children's breast Of truths the fathers taught. "Emblem of jiowcr, the nurse of thought And bulwark of the State, Thy walls are with a glory fraught That time shall ne'er abate." § By Rev. Elijah Kellog TOWN OF GOEHAM. 295 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Goiham contains nineteen public school districts and two high schools, viz. : the high school at White Rock, A. W. Potter, principal, IMiss Lucy E. Lowell, assistant; and the high school at West Gorham, taught by Mr. Willis 0. Dyke. Both of these schools give evidence of superior instruction. In the high school at White liock, there were reported for the year ending March 1, 1879, the fol- lowing number of pupils from the several districts: District No. 9, 24 ; No. 10, 10 ; No. 19, 2 ; No. 18, 2 ; No. 15, 3 ; No. 6, 3; total, 44. High school at West Gorham, num- ber of scholars, 47, from the following districts : No. 3, 6-; No. 5,34; No. 8,4; No. 11,3. The committee say, — "The schools have been generally succes.eful, although great im- provement may be made in most of them by cultivating more inde- pendence of thought, and confining the recitation less closely to the text-books. By the mere use of books, information may be crammed into the mind; but to awaken thought and develop character is a far higher work. There is also, in some of our schools, but little sense of decorum. This is a very important element in education. The at- tention of teachers is especially called to this part of their duty. The work of teaching involves great responsibility, and no one should engage in it who does not highly value its opportunities for doing good to the minds, manner.*, and character of liis pupils. " We wish to call the attention of parents to the low average of at- tendance, which can be improved by them alone. Less importance is attached by many parents to punctuality at school than to any of the regular duties of children at home. This produces in the mind of the child indifference to study and to good mental habits. "The presence of the parents occasionally in the school is requi- site to the best progress of their children. While we may freely ap- propriate money and procure the services of the best teachers, the highest results cannot be obtained without the individual attention of the parents." The estimated value of school property in the town, in- cluding lots, buildings, and furniture, is $13,530.70. Money expended for schools during the fiscal year, $5342.35. Number of scholars returned by agents, 981. School Committee. — Kimball Eastman, Koscoe G. Hard- ing, Jeremiah Parker, Melville Johnson, H. S. Huntington, M; T. Files. The town farm, containing accommodations for the poor, is superintended by Daniel D. Plumnier. The number of inmates of the house during the year was 7. The selectmen report the value of the farm property and the product of hay considerably increased. They say, — "We have visited the farm frequently, and have always found the house well kept and the inm.ates clean and neat." Money raised by tax during the year, $22,497. 74 ; valu- ation, $1,191,776; number of polls taxed, 731; rate of taxation, $1.70 on $100 ; poll tax, $3. SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. The monument stands directly in front of the town-house. It is made of Italian marble, with die and shaft, the latter m obelisk form, and rests upon a substantial base of granite. The die has inscribed upon it the names of our deceased soldiers. The shaft is ornamented with military emblems, carved in relief, and the whole structure is surmounted by the American eagle. All the carving as well as the general finish of the monument is very handsome and appropriate. The height of the column is twenty-four feet. The base block has the following inscription : KRECTED BY HON. TOPPAN ROBIE. To the Memory of the Sons of Gorham who sacrificed their Lives for their Country in the great Kcbellion of IS61. 1S66. The following inscriptions appear on the die in order: Captain Almon L. Fogg, 17th Maine Regiment, mortally wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3d, 186:!, died July 4th, aged 2t. Captain Oliver H. Lowell, 16th Maine Regiment, mortally wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 1.S63, died July 2d, aged .33. Captain Daniel M. Phillips, 12th Maine Regiment, killed at Winches- ter, Va., Sept. 19th, 1S64, aged 28. Captain Chester B. Shaw, 9th Maine Regiment, killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July ISth, 18C3, aged 25. Lieutenant George W. Edwards, 16th Maine Regiment, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13th, 1862, aged 22. Sergeant Joseph Files, Jr., 32d Maine Regiment, killed at Spottsyl- vania, Va., May 12th, 1864, aged 30. Sergeant John McPhec, 16th Maine Regiment, killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865, aged 35. Sergeant Charles II, Patrick, 5th Maine Regiment, died at Washing- ton, D. C, July 3d, 1864, aged 28. Sergeant Horatio F. Smith, 31st Maine Regiment, died at Gorham, Aug. 28ih, 1864, aged 19. Corpor.al William Cannell, Jr., 16th Maine Regiment, killed at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 1st, 1863, aged 30. Corporal Shirley Harmon, Jr., 2d Maine Cavalry, died at Gorham, Oct. 28, 1864, aged 18. Corporal Benjamin F. Metcalf, 16th Maine Regiment, died at Gorham, June 24th, 1863, aged 20. Corporal Henry H. Newell, 5th Maine Regiment, died at Alexandria, Va., Nov. 28lh, 1861, aged 21. Corporal Mahlon II. Parker, 12th Maine Regiment, killed at Port Hudson, La., May 31st, 1863, aged 22. Sergeant Cyrus M. Hall, I7th Maine Regiment, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3d, 1863, aged 22. Sergeant William H. Johnson, 9lh Maine Regiment, died at Gorham, Feb. 15th, 1866, aged 44. Corporal Morris F. Bumpu.«, 5th Maine Regiment, wounded at Spott- sylvania, Va., May 10th, died May 12th, 1864, aged 29. Corporal John F. Harding, 16th Maine Regiment, wounded at Hat- cher's Run, Va., Feb. 5th, died Feb. 21st, 1865, aged 22. Corporal Daniel L. Robert.", 12th Maine Regiment, died at Ship Island, Miss., May 15th, 1862, aged 25. Corporal George S. Reed, 5lh Maine Regiment, died in Westbrook, Me., April 27th, 1864, aged 48. Corporal Charles M. Ward, 5th Maine Regiment, killed at Spottsyl- vania, Va., May 12th, 1861, aged 23. Abram S. Andrews, 16lh Maine Regiment, died in Libby Pri.-on, Richmond, Va., Nov. 2d, 1863, aged 21. James B. Brown, 17th Maine Regiment, died at Frederick, Md., Aug. 1st, 1863, aged 21. Freeman Brown, 17th Maine Regiment, died at Baltimore, Md., April 21st, 1865, aged 34. Franklin H. Blake, 11th U. S. Infantry, wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 8th, died May 9lh, 1864, aged 20. George W. Coonley, Baker's D. C. Cavalry, died at Augusta, Me., March 1st, 1864, aged 18. William F. Dunn, 20th Maine Regiment, died at Capo Elizabeth, Me., April 14th, 1865, aged 19. Peter Duffcy, 5th Maine Regiment, killed at Petersburg, Va., June 20th, 1864, aged 22. Ormond L. Douglass, 1st California Cavalry, killed at Fort Laramie, Kansas, October, 1864, aged 23. Alonzo S. Elder, 5th Maine Regiment, wounded at Rappahannock, Va., Nov. 8th, died Nov. lOlh, 1863, aged 23. Albert S. Estes, I3lh Mass. Regiment, killed at Manassas, Va., Aug. 29th, 1862, aged 25. 29G HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Ephraitn Ilieks, 17th Maine Regiment, killeil at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2d, ISn:!, a^ed 21. James E. Haskell, ITth Maine Regiment, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dee. 13lh, 1862, aged 20. Joseph D. Harmon, 5th Maine Regiment, killed at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27th, 1862, aged 22. Lewis Libby, 20th Maine Regiment, died at Philadcl|ihia, Pa., July 7th, 1805, aged 20. Solomon Mains, 10th Maine Regiment, wounded at Antictam, Md., Sept. 17th, died Sept. ISth, 1862, aged 37. George H. Merrctt, oth Maine Regiment, killed at St. Charles, Ark., June LS, 1802, aged 22. William Powers, 17th Maine Regiment, died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 11th, 1863, aged 20. Charles F. Riggs, 6th Maine Battery, killed at Petersburg, Va., Dec. 5th, 1861, aged 24. John II. Roberts, 17th Maine Regiment, wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12th, died Aug. 15th, 1864, aged 45. Emery Rolfe, 5th Maine Regiment, died at Governor's Island, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1862, aged 20. Freedom D. Hand, 11th Maine Regiment, wounded at the Wilderness, Va., May 6th, died May 7th, 1861, aged 23. Joseph Small, 1st Maine Cavalry, wounded and prisoner, Aug. 1864, died in rebel prison, aged 20. Francis H. Small, 2d Maine Cavalry, died at Barrancas, Fla., Sept. 5th, 1865, aged 21. William M. Spaulding, 1st Maine Battery, died at New Orleans, La., July 5th, 1864, aged 45. James A. Smith, 12th Maine Regiment, died at New Orleans, La., May 27th, 1862, aged 19. William H. Smith, 32d Maine Regiment, died at New Haven, Conn., Sept. lUth, 1861, aged 32. John M. Stevens, 2d Maine Battery, died at Baltimore, Md., Jan. 4th, 1865, aged 21. Silas M. Smith, 17ih Maine Regiment, died at Washington, D. C, May 24th, 1865, aged 29. Moses B. Tripp, 9th Maine Regiment, died at Fcrnandina, Fla., Aug. 6th, 1862, aged 33. William W. Ward, 16th Maine Regiment, died at Annapolis, Md., Oct. 20th, 1S63, aged 19. Charles F. Waterman, 7th Connecticut Regiment, died at Fort Pulaski, Ga., June 5th, 1862, aged 18. Alonzo M. Whitney, 16th Maine Regiment, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13th, 1862, aged 18. G. Sumner Whitney, 12th Maine Regiment, died at Savannah, Ga., May nth, 1865, aged 20. Charles Williams, Uth Maine Regiment, died at Meridian Hill, D. C, April 10th, 1862, aged 41. Charles H. Paine, 1st Maine Regiment, died at Gorhani, May 25th, 1866, aged 24. Rev. John R. Adams, D.D., died April 25th, 1866, aged 64, of disease resulting from devoted service during the Rebellion as Chaplain of the 5th Maine and the 121st New York Regiments. DEDICATION. The soldiers of Gorham and other returned soldiers, and the several organizations who had been invited to join in tlie procession, assembled on the Common (on South Street) at half-past twelve o'clock. The procession formed in the following order : Company Artillery U. S. A., Maj. Bartlet. Returned Soldiers of (Jorham, Col. Coleman Harding. Orator. Poet. Chaplain. President of the Day and Committee of Arrangements. Municipal Officers and Aged Citizens of Gorham. Families of Deceased Soldiers. Army ami Navy Union, from Portland. Officers and Soldiers from other Towns. Strangers. Citizens of Gorham. A Union National salute was fired in the morning, and on the arrival of Gen. Chamberlain, a major-general's salute. Fifty-seven guns were fired at noon, in honor of our deceased soldiers whose names appear on the monu- ment, — all under the direction of Lieut. Charles 0. Hunt. The procession moved at two o'clock, and pas.sed through the principal streets of the village. The exercises at the monument were as follows: dirge by the band; prayer, by Rev. Caleb Fuller; introductory address, by Hon. J. A. Waterman, chairman of the Monu- ment Committee. ADDRESS. "Fellow-Citizens, — In performing the duty assigned to me upon this occasion, I have thought that a brief account of the circumstances relating to the erection of this monument, for the dedication of which we have assembled, would not be inappropriate. " At the very outbreak of the Rebellion the sons of Gorham, true to the spirit which animated their ancestors, many of whom were soldiers in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, and also the war of 1812, were among the first to respond to their country's call. Immediately upon the reception of the President's proclama- tion of April 15, 1861, the old flag was raised and hung across our principal street. " Gazing with new interest and increased devotion upon this national emblem, which had just received foul dishonor from those whom it had protected, and who should have been its defenders, our brave and patriotic youth rallied about it, eager to avenge the insult cast upo n it and to offer their hearts* blood, if needed, to wash out the stain which parricidal hands had left on its hitherto untarnished folds. ''From that time throughout the four long and an.xious years that followed, this town was ever ready to meet, to the fullest e-xtent, every demand upon her citizens or her pecuniary resources ; while our women and children, year after year, in the darkest hours as well as in more hopeful seasons, were indefatigable in their labors to promote the health and comfort, and to alleviate the sufferings of those who, between us and danger, were fighting the battles of the Republic. " But alas,*how many of those who went forth from us in all the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, or the energy and strength of man- hood, have fallen ! How crowded with names of dear and loved ones is the roll of * the unreturning brave !' "Yet proud as our record as a town might otherwise be, it would lack much of completeness without some public memorial to perpetu- ate the evidence of our grateful recognition of their services, and the honor to which they are most justly entitled. " Entertaining this sentiment in common with others, our venerable townsman and friend, Hon. Toppan Robie, has anticipated all muni- cipal or individual action in regard to it, and most generously appro- priated a portion of his amjile means, the fruit of years of industry and integrity, to the erection of the monument before us. "Early in Octobi'r, 1865, the following communication was received by those to whom it was addressed : ** ' To Hon. John A. Wuternmn, Hon. Josiah Pierce, Hon. Fretlorick Robie, Gen. E. T. Smith, Stephen Ilinkley, Esq., Jeremiah Parker, Esq., and Lotlirup L. Files, Esq.: " ' Gentlemen, — As a token of Hly respect for the brave and patriotic men of Gorham who volunteered Iheir services in defense of the Union, ami liave aiiied in crushing the wicked rebellion, and from a desire on my part that the names of those who have fallen in hattle, or who have died of wounds ur sick- ness incurred in the service, should not be forgotten, but handed down to future generations, I propose to tlie inliabitants of Gorhani tliat a suittiblo niunimieut should be erected, at my expense, in front of the Town-House, com- memorative of those events, "' And now, gentlemen, I address you as my friends and fellow-townsmen, and respectfully request of you that you will call mion tlie pri>per authorities, and cause a meeting of the inhabitants of said town to l)e held, at such time as may be deemed expedient, to take into consideration the object suggested, and if judged expedient, that you may be constituted a committee to see tlie siuiio carried into effect. "'GonH.\M, Oct. 10, I8C5. TopPiJl RoBI£.' " In accordance with the request thus made, a town-meeting was held upon the 8th day of November last, and it was voted to accept the proposition, and that the thanks of this town be presented to Hon. Toppan Robie for his generous and patriotic offer. The persons recommended by him were appointed a committee to act in the prem- ises, and a vote was passed that an appropriate celebration be held when the monument should be completed. TOWN OF GORHAM. 297 "The committee thus chosen took the matter in charge, and nfter repeated inectings, consultations, and examinations of numerous de- signs and models presented, and visiting various localities where monuments of a character similar to that proposed had been erected, they at last adopted the design of this structure, and at once con- tracted for the erection of the same. Meanwhile no pains had been spared by the committee in their endeavors to obtain a complete and correct list of those whose names should be inscribed upon the monu- ment. After the list had been made as accurate as the information which the committee had been able to obtain would render it, it was, by the courtesy of the publishers, printed in sevei'al of the Portland newspapers, with a special request that any errors discovered therein should be seasonably made known to the committee, that they might have an oj)portunity to correct them. So that if any errors or omis- sions have occurred in this list they cannot be attributed to any lack of effort on the part of the committee to avoid them. At a town- meeting held on the 2Sth of April last, it was "Toted, That Daniel C. Emery, Samuel F. Bacon, and Uni^li D, McLellan, together with the Selectmen, be a Committee to prepare and arrange, in a suit- able manner, the grounds and surrouudings about the Soldiers' Monument to be erected in front of the Town-House.' "Also, " ' Voted, That the Selectmen and the Committee who have had the charge of procuring and erecting the Soldiers' Blonunient, and the committee this day chosen to prepare the grounds, be a cominittce to make suitable ari-uiij;fiiients for the dedication of the monument.* "Since the committee first chosen entered upon their duties, one of their number, who, so long as his physical strength would permit him to do so, met and counseled with them, and greatly aided them in their labors, has been removed by death,--- " And we all to-day, fellow-citizens, miss the cheerful presence and the inspiriting voice of him who, for nearly half a century, had man- ifested peculiar interest in all that pertained to the history of our town, and was always ready and able to contribute from his great fund of general and historical information to the interest of an occa- sion like this. " I know, my friends, that you will pardon this passing tribute, which a just respect for the memory of one closely identified with the affairs of the town, and long an associate and friend of the donor of this monument, seemed to demand. "The work intrusted to these various committees has been com- pleted, and the object contemplated in their appointment accom- plished. Having performed the duties assigned them they now feel that, at the close of this day's exercises, they may ask au honorable discharge. "And now, sir (addressing Mr. Robie), in behalf of those appoint- ing us, we desire again to extend to you the sincere thanks of the citi- zens of this town for your generous and patriotic gift, and to assure you of our earnest hope that you may enjoy in a ripe and honored old age the blessings and privileges of those free institutions which they, whose names you desire to perpetuate, gave their lives to preserve. " To you, gallant comrades in arms of those to whose memory this monument is consecrated, — to all present who have been connected with cither branch of the Federal service, military or naval, we extend a cordial welcome. *' We rejoice that a kind Providence spared your lives through all the perils of a long and terrible war, and permitted you to return to your homes in full health and strength, or bearing upon your per- sons honorable evidences of your heroism and fidelity to duty, — that you are enabled to enjoy among kindred and friends the fruits of those victories, to win which you contributed in no scanty measure. We still further rejoice that you can participate in the services in which we are now engaged. May the nation's gratitude be freely manifested towards you, its heroic defenders, and the glory of your achievements grow brighter as the service you have rendered is more completely understood and appreciated in the light of history. "And to all the various bodies and organizations here assembled, we desire to express our great gratification at their presence, and their * Hon. Josiah Pierce. readiness to co-operate with us in our endeavors to pay proper respect to the memory of our deceafied soldiers. "Citizens of Gorham, — This costly and beautiful monument, now yours, and to be hereafter in your custody, is a sacred and precious memorial. For every name inscribed upon its tablets a life was given. That long list of the gallant dead contains in itself a history, and could we particularize, the narrative would form a volume of sad but thril- ling interest. Upon that roll of honor are represented various ages andconditionsof life, — youth, manhood, mature years; and even three- score years did not deter him whose name was last placed thereon from most active and devoted service.f The farm, the shop, the institution of learning, the mechanic's bench, the office, and the sacred desk, — in fact, nearly all occupations of our ^'ew England life, — have there their silent representatives. " And under what various circumstances they died. Some suddenly, in the shock of battle; some in camp, or in hospital, of wounds or lingering disease ; some in rebel prisons; while to a few was granted the blessed privilege of returning to their homes, where, among devoted friends, receiving every attention which the fondest affection could inspire, and with expressions of love for God and their country upon their whitening lips, they calmly yielded up their spirits to Him who created them. "The soil of at least twelve different States is consecrated by holding the remains of our gallant dead. To some were accorded the rites of Christian burial, and ofiicial career the hand of friendship has desig- nated and guarded their last resting-places. Others are sleeping in graves the locality of which the most careful search of friends cannot discover, and which none shall know until the last trump shall sound, and the earth give up her dead. " But under whatever circumstances death occurred, or they were committed to the dust, — " ' To all who sleep a soldier's sleep, , Wliere'er they lie,— in hallowed t^round, Or those above whose grass-grown niouud Sad stars their lonely vigils keep ; To all our brave heroic band, Who nobly met a soldier's fate, This monument we coasecrate.' "To you, the relatives of these deceased friends, we tender our heartfelt sympathy. May He who alone knows how great is the weight of sorrow burdening each heart, afford His promised strength and support to each and all of you I "Fellow-citizens, as we look upon this monument and read the names of the departed inscribed thereon, let us remember for what and for whom they died. Let us remember that in them the love of life was as strong, its future as inviting, its claims upon them as ur- gent, as in our own cases. And yet, subjecting all other claims and considerations to the love of country and the call of duty, they yielded up life itself rather than the sacred cause they had espoused. They died that the nation might live. *' * A debt we ne'er can pay To them is justly due; And to the natioirs latest day Our children's children still shall say, '* They died for mo and you." ' " Let us cherish their memories. In the language of the donor of this monument, let * their names not be forgotten, but handed down to future generations,' " And when this marble shall have crumbled into dust, let tradition take up the story of their heroism and their sacrifices, and continue to repeat it through all coming time." An elegant oration was delivered on the occasion by Maj.-Geu. Cliaiuberlain, and a fine poem read by Hon. Edward P. Weston, which we regret we have not space to publish. They will be found in the printed proceedings of the dedication. ■f- Chaplain Adams 38 GRAY EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES. The town of Gray is six miles square, and lies at an angle of forty-five degrees from the meridian. It is bounded on the northeast by New Gloucester, on the southeast by Cumberland and North Yarmouth, on the southwest by Falmouth and Windham, and on the northwest by Ray- mond. The soil is a fertile mixture of clay and sand. It was granted to Thomas Gray, whose name it bears, and others, by the General Court of Massachusetts, in 1735, and bore the name of New Boston until its incorporation. FIRST AND SECOND SETTLEMENTS. Settlement was begun in 1750. A fort of timbers and a meeting-house were erected near Gray village by the pro- prietors. May 17, 1755, theinhabitants were surprised by Indians, and their works destroyed. The next occupation was by Thomas, father of Moses and Jeremiah Twitchell, who, in 1764, with his family, kept a camp for British marines and workmen engaged in cutting masts and hauling them to the fidls below. The resettlement was commenced by John Jonks, Wil- liam and Joel Stevens, Daniel Cummings, Daniel Hunt, Thomas Twitchell, John Humphrey, and Capt. Jonas Stevens, whose daughter Ruth was born in 1764. She afterwards married James Doughty, and was grandmother of the present James Doughty. The first male child born in the town was Daniel Cummings, born Oct. 6, 1766. He was the father of David B. Cummings, of Gray village. The bond under which Jethro Starbird received his land, in 1768, required that on or before the 12th of April, 1769, he should have built " a good dwelling-house, 18 feet square, have at least 6 acres of land cleared, and brought to English grass, fit for mowing," and shall pay one-sixtieth part of the expense of building a meeting-house and settling a Protestant minister. Samuel Hawes and Jabcz Hatch were contractors for the proprietors. John Barber, John Wilson, James Russell, Daniel Haney, Mark Merrill, Sergt. Samuel Thompson, Lieut. David Small, Lieut. William Webster, Maj. Jabez Mathews, John Nash, David Libby, Gideon Ramsdell, Jedediah Cook, Joseph and Samuel Webster settled previous to 1780. Gray, the thirty-ninth town of Maine, was incorporated June 19, 1778. The first election was held at the meeting- house, in the street, near the present town-hou.sc, July 13, 1778, under a warrant issued by Hon. Enoch Freeman, J. P., to Jabez Matthews, who wsis chosen Moderator of the meet- ing. David Clark was chosen Town Clerk ; William Webster, Daniel Libby, Daniel Cummings, Selectmen and Assessors; David Orne, Treasurer; Nathan Merrill, Thomas White, Ricliaid Ilayden, Comuiittee of Safety ; 298 Joseph Weeks, Constable ; Daniel Libby, Jeremiah Hobbs, Church- Wardens; Nathan Merrill, Tithing-Man ; John Barber, John Morse, William Webster, Richard Hayden, Surveyors to Work on Roads; Daniel Cummings, Fence- Viewers; Jethro Starbird, Robert York, Field-Drivers; Elijah Jordan, David Hunt, Asa Libby, Joseph Morrill, Hog-Drivers ; George Doughty, Sexton ; Daniel Libby, Pound-Keeper; John Nash, Surveyor of Lumber; David Orne, Sealer of Weights and Measures. £30 were voted to furnish the meeting-house ; S500 were voted for high- ways, and $3 per day fixed as wages for a man or yoke of oxen ; £4 for a public school ; $50 to build a pound. In 1779 prices were regulated by vote, making a day's work 4Ss. ; imported potatoes and turnips, £1 10s. ; leaf tobacco, 12«. per pound; victuals, 12s. a meal; and " licker, 12s. a mug I" In 1780, 822.50 a day was allowed laborers on public roads. Representatives in General Court were seldom chosen, unless they could volunteer to pay their own expense. PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. The residence of Azariah Humphrey, two miles north- west of Gray village, was erected by his father, John Hum- phrey, in 1773, and is the oldest house in the town. There is but little left to mark the labors of the first settlers. The main interest of their descendants centres in their last resting-place, a fine burying-ground of 4 acres, in the west of the village, commanding a magnificent view of the sur- rounding country. This ground was donated by Daniel Libby, and fenced by the town in 1782. It contains many black slabs of the last century mingled with the white marble of recent years, and 41 fine monuments, most of which are of granite, erected since 1865. There are buried here 6 of the pioneer deacons, 4 ministers, 9 cap- tains, 6 field officers, and 8 persons above ninety ; one of whom was ninety-six years of age. Nearly all the early settlers have been gathered from private grounds in various parts of the town and buried here. VILLAGES. The village of Gray is finely situated on a high plain near the centre of the town, 90 dwellings built upon seven streets radiating from a broad street two hundred yards in length, and occupied by bu.siness houses, the prin- cipal of which is the Odd-Fellows' Block, a fine brick edifice of three stories, erected in 1876, by Hancock & Vinton, merchants; Lovcjoy's Eagle Hotel, occupied by Daniel Haney, in 1777; Titus O. Brown, 1815, and the brick town house, erected by David Carey, at a cost of §1200, and first used March 5, 1838. In 1825 the place contained TOWN OF GRAY. 299 six stores, a bakery, one hotel, a church, the centre school- house, where public meetings were held, and a tannery. The business increased to nine stores and four hotels — one a mile south — in 1845, the place becoming a trading-point for New Hampshire products. It is now a centre for local trade, supporting the following business houses: General Merchandise : Hancock & Vinton, established by Thomas Hancock, in 1838 ; James Small, established 1835; C. H. Stimson, established 1876. Hardware: G. P. Cobb, established 1864. Drugs: R. G. Hall, established 1862. Millinery: Mrs. L. A. Hill, established 1879; S. S. & H. 0. Weeks, established 1854. Harness: Jacob Clark, establi-shed 1830; I. H. Libby. Stone- Workers : Augustus Lowe, granite, established 1876 ; C. H. Doughty, Jr., slate, established 1876 ; A. M. Higgins, marble and granite, established 1875; E. S. Cas- well, marble and granite, established 1877. Leather: D. B. Cummings, tannery since 1856, estab- lished by Stephen Furbish in 1 800 ; M. B. Foster, estab- lished 1849; S. P. Sargent, established 1876; Samuel Giines, established 1874, boots and shoes. Painters: William M. Dow & Son, established 1856; Frank E. Osgood, established 1876. Wood- Workers : Rufus Berry, carriages, establi-shed 1849; E. Osgood, furniture and coffins, established 1845. Blacksmiths; Benjamin F. Skillings, J. Newbegin, G. M. Edwards, F. E. Goff. Eastern Express Company : W. F. Lovojoy, agent, estab- lished 1876. Tiie public buildings are Methodist Episcopal, Congre- gationalist, and Baptist churches, Town-House, and Pen- nell Institute. A cornet band was organized in 1876, with John T. Merrill, leader. DRY MILLS, in the north, comprise the store of A. G. Morrill, estab- lished 1862; saw-mill, shook- and barrel-factory, estab- lished 1859; carriage- and smith-shops, and contains 30 families. It takes its name from Dry Pond, so called be- cause it had no open outlet. A long beaver-dam extended acrcss the flat, near this place, when the first settlers came in 1750. WEST GRAY, in the west, is finely situated on a narrow neck of land overlooking a broad valley, or interval, to the south, and commands a view of Gray village, three miles east. It consists of a dozen fine dwellings, 11. A. Allen's store, saw- and grist-mills, W. L. Dickey's carriage- and .sleigh-shops, and blacksmith-shops. Gray Station is a neat depot build- ing and water-tank on the Maine Central Railroad, in the narrow valley of Royal River, three miles east of the village. Mails connect daily by stage for each post-office, viz., Gray, G. F. Cobb, postmaster ; Dry Mills, Charles E. Libby, post- master; West Gray, Robert A. Allen, postmaster; North Gray, William Beatty, postmaster. The principal manufiictory of the town is the Falmouth Woolen-Mills of William Beatty, established about 1800, by Samuel Jlayall, of England. The manufacture of sugar- shooks and fish-barrels is a leading industry. The princi- pal shook -makers are Robert Allen, William S. Douglass, Charles E. Libby, S. Goff, Thayer & Elder. At the falls, a short distance below the factory, the first mill in the town was erected on the old road, and run by Jabez Mathews, as early as 1778. SELECTMEN. 1778.— William Webster, Biinicl Libby, Daniel Cummings. 1779. — William Webster, Daniel Libby, Maj. .Tabe/, Mathews. 1780. — Capt. Jonas Stevens, Sergt. Samuel Thomson, Lieut. David Small. 1781.— Samuel Thomson, Gideon Ramsdell, David Hunt. 1782.— Capt. William Webster, Jcdcliah Cobb, David Hunt. 1783-87. — Col. Jabez Mathews, Capt. William Webster, Lieut. Jc Ic- diah Cobb. 1788.— Samuel Nash, David Hunt, Robert York. 1789.— William Webster, Jedediah Cobb, David Hunt. 1790.— William Webster, Jedediah Cobb, Israel H. Buker. 1791.— David Hunt, Isr.ael H. Buker, John Humphrey. 1792-93.— David Hunt, John Humphrey, Israel H. Buker. 1794. — David Hunt, John Humphrey, Jedediah Cobb. 1795.— Israel H. Buker, Eliphaz Phillips, Joseph Davis. 1796.— Jedediah Cobb, Joseph McLellan, Eliphaz Phillips. 1797.— Joseph McLellan, Israel II. Buker, Eliphaz Phillips. 1798-99.— Joseph McLellan, Jedediah Cobb, Eliphaz Phillips. 1800. — James Doughty, John Humphrey, Gideon Ramsdell. 1801.— John Humphrey, George Latham, Timothy Weymouth. 1802. — John Humi>hrey, George Latham, Joseph McLellan. 1803.— Eliab Latham, John Smith, Samuel Xash. 1804-5.— Joseph McLellan, Daniel Wells, Timothy Weymouth. 1806. — George Latham, John Smith, Daniel Wells. 1807-8. — George Latham, Daniel AV. Green, Charles Barbour. 1809. — George Latham, Nicholas Low, Timothy Weymouth. 1810-11.— Joseph McLellan, Timothy Weymouth, Nicholas Low. 1812-13.- Joseph McLellan, Timothy Weymouth, John Stimson, Jr. 1814. — Joseph McLellan, Timothy Weymouth, Nicholas Low. 1815. — Joseph McLelljin, Timothy Weymouth, Eliab Latham. 1816. — Joseph McLellan, Timothy Weymouth, Joseph Webster. 1817. — Joseph McLellan, Timothy Weymouth, Eliab Latham. 1818. — Joseph McLellan, D.aniel W. Green, George Latham. 1819.— Daniel W. Green, Timothy Weymouth, George L.atham. 1820. — Timothy Weymouth, George Latham, Daniel W. Green. 1821. — Timothy Weymouth, Daniel W. Green, John Morse, Jr. 1822.— Daniel W. Green, Timothy Weymouth, Jer. Pennell. 1823. — Timothy Weymouth, Daniel W. Green, .Andrew Libby, Jr. 1824. — Andrew Libby, Jr., John Stimson, John Morse, Jr. 1825-26.— Daniel W. Green, Timothy Weymouth, Benjamin Smith. 1827-28. — Daniel W. Green, C. H. Humphrey, Ephraim Lawrence, Jr. 1829. — C. H. Humphrey, Ephraim Lawrence, Jr., Ebenezer Cobb. 1830. — Daniel W. Green, Francis AVebster, Benjamin Smith. 1831. — Francis Webster, Benjamin Smith, Ephraim Lawrence, Jr. 1832. — Francis Webster, Ephraim Lawrence, John Dulley. 1833.— Eliab Latham, Ebenezer Cobb, Daniel Hall. 1834. — Eliab Latham, Daniel Hall, Ephraim Lawrence, Jr. 1835.- Eliab Latham, Daniel Hall, Benjamin Smith. 1836-37.- Eliab Latham, Daniel Hall, John Humphrey. 1838. — Ephraim Lawrence, Jr., John Humphrey, James Small, Jr. 1839.— Daniel Hall, Benjamin Smith, Joseph II. Perley. 1840. — Benjamin Smith, Nathaniel S. Lawrence, Joseph U. Perley. 1841. — William Mayberry, James Small, Jr., John F. Sawyer.* 1842, March 7. — Ebenezer Cobb, William Mayberry, James Small, Jr. 1842, March 28. — Theophilus Stimson, Ephraim Lawrence, Jr., An- drew Libby, Jr.f 1843.— Daniel Hall, Andrew Libby, Jr., William Mayberry. 1844-45. — Nathaniel S. Lawrence, James Small, Jr., William P. Doughty. 1846. — Benjamin Smith, William P. Doughty, Moses Plumraer. 1847. — Tyng Wilson, Charles Smith, George Perley. * Benjamin Smith, Nathaniel S. lawrenoo, and Joseph H. Porloy were elected, but resigned on being instructed by a subsequent vote to grant license to sell into.\icating liquors. f The first election was found to have been illegal. 300 HISTOllY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1848. — Nathaniel S. Lnwrence, William P. Doughty, Muses I'lunimer. 1849.— Tyng Wilson, David Unll, George Peilcy. 1850-51.— Daniel Hall, Tyng Wilson, George Perley. 1862-5.').— Benjamin Smith, Wm. P. Doughty, Lothrop L. Blake. 1854.— Tyng Wilson, William P. Doughty, Lothrop Blake. 1855.- Lothrop L. Bliike, Thomas Hancock, Timothy 11. Weymouth. 1S5B.— Timothy IL Weymouth, Daniel Hall, .leremiah Pennell. 1857.— T. H. Weymouth, Jeremiah Pennell, Jacob Clark. 1868.- T. H. Weymouth, Daniel Hall, William P. Doughty. 1859-60.- T. H. Weymouth, Jacob Clark, Cephas W. Pcrlcy. 1801-65.- Jacob Clark, Cejihas W. Perley, William Elilcr. 1868.- Jacob Clark, William ElJer, Simon Skillin. 1867. — Jacob Clark, Jeremiah Pennell, Simeon Skillin. ] 868-69,— Jacob Clark, Jeremiah Pennell, Samuel Skillin. 1870. — AVarren H. Vinton, Jeremiah Pennell, John W. Webster. 1871.— Jacob Clark, John F. Sawyer, Alfred Lihby. 1872-73.— Jacob Clark, George A. Morrill, Aimer H. Small. 1874. — Jacob Clark, ,Iohn Newbegin, Jabez M. Latham. 1875. — Jacob Clark, John Newbegin, James Doughty. 1876.- James Doughty, Charles E. Libby, John W. Frank. 1877.- Jacob Clark, Charles E. Libby, John W. Frank. 1878.- James Doughty, Charles E. Libby, John W. Frank. 1879.— Charles E. Libby, Cephas W. Perley, V. E. Frank. TOWN CLERKS. David Clark, 1778; David Orne, 1779-82; Jedediah Cobb, 178.S; Capt. Samuel Nash, 1784; Jedediah Cobb, 1785-87; Samuel Nash, 1788; Jedediah Cobb, 1789-90; Samuel Nash, 1791; Jed- ediah Cobb, 1792-96; Capt. Samuel Nash, 1797-18(12; Daniel M. Green, 1803-8; James Twitchell, 1809 ; Abraham Young, 1810- 15 ; James Colley, Jr., 1816-17; Jabez Cushman, 1818-20; Dan- iel Holl, 1821-25 ; James Ford, 1826-31 • Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1832; James Ford, 1833; Meshack Humphrey, 1834; Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1835-39; Thomas Hancock, 1840; James Ford, 1841 ; James Ford, elected March 7, Jacob Clark, March 28, 1842; Jacob Clark, 1843-46; Wm. P. Merrill, 1847-50; Jacob Clark, 1851-58; Theophilus Stimson, Jr., 1859-63; Jacob Clark (vacancy), 1863; Jacob Clark, 1864-69; Edward A. Marr, 1870- 77 ; Charles H. Doughty, Jr., 1878-79. TREASURERS. David Orne, 1778-82; David Hunt, 1783; Samuel Nash, 1784; David Hunt, 1785; Gideon Kamsdell, 1786-88; Samuel Nash, 1789; Daniel Haney, 1790-97; Samuel Nash, 1798-1801 ; Joseph Mc- Lelhm, 1802-14; George Latham, 1815; Joseph MoLellan, 1816- 18; Daniel W. Green, 1819; Daniel AVeston, 1820-23; Timothy Weymouth, 1824-28; DanielAV. Green, 1829; Daniel Hall, 1830; Eliab Latham, 1831-36; Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1837-40; George Libby, 1841 ; George Libby, elected March 7, David Hall, March 28, 1842; Daniel Hall, 1843; Nathaniel S. Law- rcnec, 1844-45; James Small, Jr., 1846; William Mayberry, 1847; James Small, Jr., 1848; William Mayberry, 1849-51; John W. Rich, 1852; Silas H. Adams, 1853-55; Moses Plum- mer, 1856; Joshua H. Hall, 1857-61; Jeremiah Pennell, 1862; John Ma.xwell, 1863; Jeremiah Pennell, 1864-66; Albeit N. Sawyer, 1867; Jeremiah Pennell, 1868-70; John Newbegin, 1871; John D. Anderson, 1872; AVilliam H. Webster, 1873; Edward A. Marr, 1874-76; John Maxwell, 1877-78; John New- begin, 1879. COLLECTORS AND CONSTABLES. Joseph Weeks, 1778-79; John Morse, 1780; Col. Jabez Mathews, 1781; Gideon Ramsdell, 1782; Joseph Pennell, 1783; David Hunt, 1784; Daniel Haney, 1785-86; Richard Sweetser, 1787; Joseph Cummings, 1788; Daniel Libby, 1789; William Grela, 1790; John Morse, 1791; William Grela, 1792-93; David Jor- dan, 1794-97; Joseph Pennell, Josejjh Tompson, 1798; George Small, 1799; David Jordan, ISOO; Daniel Wells, 1801; Daniel Wells, David Jordan, 1802; Samuel Nash, 1803; Allmery Hamb- lin, Samuel Nash, 1S04 ; William Grela, Samuel Nash, Jr., Daniel Wells, George Smalls, Allmery Hamblin, 1805; Israel IL Buker, T. H, Euker, William Grela, Allmery Hamblin, 1806; Israel II. Bu- kor, I. H. Buker, Samuel Adams, 1807 ; Allinery Hamblin, Daniel Green, 1808; Judah Dyer, Allmery Hamblin, 1809 ; Joseph Web- ster, Allmery Hamblin, Abraham Young,18IO; Joseph Webster, Abraham Young, 181 1 ; Jeremiah Pennell, Joseph Webster, 1812- 13; Jeremiiih Pennell, 1814; Jeremiah Pennell, Joseph Webster, 1815-16; Jeremiah Pennell, Moses Harris, 1817-18; Geo. Latham, Jr., John Morse, Jeremiah Pennell, 1819; Joseph Cummings, Jr., Jeremiah Pennell, George Latham, Jr.. 1820; Isaac Stowell, George Latham, Jr.. 1821 ; (leorgo Latham, Meshack Humphrey, 1822; Lsaac Stowell, 1S23-24; Nathan Hunt, Daniel Hall, 1825; Joseph Perley, 1826; Joseph Perley, Nathan Hunt, 1827; Isaac Stowell, 1S28; Joseph Cummings, Nathan Hunt, 1829; Henry Pennell, 1830; John F. Sawyer, 1831-32; Henry Pennell, 1833; Francis Webster, Parker S. Libby, 1834; Henry Pennell, 1835; William J. Weston, Albert Webster, 1836; William J. Weston, 1837; Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1838-40; George Libby, 1841; Daniel Hall, March 7 and March 28, 1842; Daniel Hall, George Libby, 1843; Daniel Hall, Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1844; Henry Pennell, 1845; James Small, Jr., Ilinry Pennell, 1846; Elias S. Fo.'^ter, Nathaniel S. Lawrence (vacancy), George Libby, 1847; Nathaniel S. Lawrence, 1848; Ellery H. Starbird, George Libby, 1849; Ellery H. Starbird, 1850-51 ; Joshua H. Hall, 1852; Isaac Perley, Joshua H. Hall, 1853; Rufus Berry, 1854; Joshua JI. Hall, 1855; Rufus Berry, 1856; Daniel Berry, 1857-58; Al- bert Hill, 1859; Jeremiah Pennell, 1860-63; Charles C. Hall, 1864-65; Isaac E. Allen, 1866-67; Charles C. Hall, 1868-09 ; Rufus Berry, 1870; Henry Pennell, Charles Hall, 1871 ; Charles C. Hall, 1872; William Purvis, Charles C. Hall, 1873; Rufus Berry, Henry Pennell, 1874; Charles C. Hall, 1875; Charles C. Hall, Rufus Berry, 1876-79. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first church established in Gray, in compliance with the terms of the land-grant, was a Presbyteriiin Church, which was organized in August, 1774. Samuel Nash, the first pastor, was ordained June 21, 1775, and remained pastor until September, 1782. A house of worship was erected, the ten pews of which were sold in 1779, for £193. This building was never finished, and being untenable in winter, — the snow sifting through in huge piles, which was shoveled out at the expense of the town, — meetings were held at Joseph Doughty 's house. It was sold to Daniel Ilancy, in 1790, for £4. The old church, afterwards standing in the street near the town-house, was built in 1789, and torn down in 18.32. Rev. Samuel Perley, who became pastor in 1784, was discharged on the dis.solulion of the Salem Presbytery, in 1791, after which the church became scattered. In October, 1808, a council was called, which, finding but two male members, proceeded to reorganize the church as a Congregationalist body. Rev. Daniel Wes- ton was ordained pastor. In 1809 many of the members joined an organization in New Gloucester, styling them- selves Anti-Pedobaptists, and also the Universalist organ- ization in that town. Attempts were also made to evade church support, and conform to the existing law. Rev. Samuel Peckham succeeded Mr. Weston in 1825, and was discharged in 1830. During his pastorate the present church was erected, and dedicated in 1828. The subsequent pastors were Rev. Thomas Riggs, 1831 to 1833 ; Rev. Calvin White, 1833-37 ; Rev. Nathan W. Sheldon, 1839-13; Rev. Allen Lincoln, 1845-59; Rev. James P. Richardson, 1859-G2; Rev. Ebenczer Bean, 1862-74; Rev. Edward P. Eastman, 1875-70; Rev. Herbert R. Howe, 1877 ; Rev. E. Bean, 1878-79. Dencoiis. — John Humphrey, 1803-33; Jeremiah Twitch- TOWN OF GRAY. 301 ell, 1836; Reuben Morse, 1842; Moses Humphrey, 1825 -44; Robert Merrill, 1844; Benjamin B. Sweetser, 1832 ; Luther Pennell, 1847-69; Charles H. Starrett, 1856; Charles Libby, 1863; John Morrill, 1865-79. C/mrch C/eiks. — Daniel Weston, Samuel Peckham, Wil- liam P. Doughty, Allen Lincoln, William P. Doughty, E. Bean, D. B. Cummings. The society have a good church and parsonage, free from debt. BAPTIST CHURCH. The first mention of the Baptist Church is in the town record, where it is certified that " Mar. 18, 1782, Jacob Twitehell joined the Baptist Church, and was ' dipt ;' wit- nesses on hand, Daniel Hubbard and James McCullison." The first preacher was William Merrill, who remained until 1810, holding meetings at his house, now the residence of Hezekiah Whitney, two miles east of the village, on CoU- yer's Branch road. It is related of him that his meetings were well attended by the boys during the apple-season, the orchard surrounding his house being one of the first in Gray. On one occasion he preached from the word "Watch!" and on the repetition of his text, his wife, re- minded of temporal cares, would hasten to the window in obedience to the injunction. The following-named persons were incorporated as a Baptist Society in June, 1790: Moses, Asa, Joel, and Benjamin Libby ; Thomas and James Frank; James, John, and Oliver Humphrey; William and John Dolly, John and David Na.sh, Isaac Lane, Joseph Weeks, Hosea and Levi Morse, David Jordan, Samuel Howell, Nathaniel Russell, and Timothy Fogg. 0;her persons were members of the church in New Gloucester. A house of worship was erected by the Uiiiversalists, at Gray, in 1829, by Daniel Hall, Eliab Lotham, and Benja- min Smith, committee, at a cost of $1500. In 1855 the Baptist Society bought a half-interest, and obtained com- plete title in 1861. i^eacons.— Thomas White, 1782; Nathaniel Ford, 1803; Jonas Humphrey, 1839 to 1879. Clerks. — Joseph Allen, 1782; George Latham, 1803; Jonas Humphrey, 1824-39; William Goff, 1829 ; Moses Foster, 1853 ; Thomas Gilpatrick, 1857 to 1879. Pastors. — Nathan Merrill, 1782-1807; Ephraim Stineh- field, 1803-10; Nathan Morse, 1807-10; Samuel CoUey, ordained Sept. 8, 1803; John Purkis, ordained 1829; John M. Duran, installed 1836; George Whitney, 1840; O. A. Redlon, 1845; David Newell, 1850; Moses Foster, to 1853; Charles Bean, 1855; William T. Smith, 1857; Dexter Waterman, 1861 ; Moores Cole, 1863; M. Ricker, Edwin A. Kish, 1864; J. M. Purkis, 1865; C. Bean, 1868; Joseph Foss, 1869; F. Reed, 1874; William T. Smith, 1876-79. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1793, David Hunt, innkeeper, of Gray, received a letter from Rev. Jesse Lee, of Virginia, the first Methodist preacher in Maine, appointing a time when he would be at his house to take dinner and hold a meeting. In response to this appointment a large number of people gathered in front of the Congregationalist meeting-house at Gray Cor- ner, where the preacher of the place met them, and refused to let them to go into the house. The meeting was held in a barn near by. Rev. Philip Wager, who was appointed at Lynn, Mass., for the province of Maine, in August, 1793, preached next, and formed a class during the year. In 1807, Gideon Ramsdell, James Colley, William Barncll, Zachariah Fletcher, Stephen Pennell, Amos Cummings, Moses Hunt, Reuben Hill, Josiah Clark, John Starbird, Ephraim Staple, Joseph Weeks, and David Small were recorded on the town books as Methodists by James Colley and William Bennett, committee of that church. The church was incorporated June 10, 1808. Gray became a part of the Readfield circuit on its organization, and Rev. Stephen Hull preached there once in two weeks. Gray and Windham were made a circuit in 1844. In 1796, Jesse Stoneman preached here, and was succeeded by Revs. Nicholas Snethen, Robert Yell, Timothy Merritt, Josiah Taylor, John Finnegan, Martin Rutter, in 1811- 12; S. L. Bishop, 1820; C. Fogg, 1821-22; P. Ayers, 1823; James Jaques, 1824-25; J. Briggs, 1826; S. Frank, 1827; J. Hutchins, in 1828; Revs. Owen Bent and John Hutchins, 1829 ; Abel Alton and Francis Mas- seure, 1830; Caleb Fogg, 1831; Daniel Clark, 1832; Benjamin Burnham, 1833 ; C. C. Cone, 1834 ; John Rice, 1835; Paul C. Richmond, 1836-37; Asa Heath, 1838; John W. Dunn, 1839 ; Asahel Moore and Wm. Campbell, 1840; Daniel Waterhouse and Simeon C. Chase, 1841; Joseph Milliken and E. A. Stockman, 1842 ; James Rice and James Thurston, 1843; James Rice, 1844; Henry Crawford, 1845; A. Turner, G. C. Crawford, Phineas Libby, 1846; Charles Mason, Caleb Mugford, 1848; I. Harrington, 1849 ; Benjamin Lufkin, 1850-51; S. W. Pierce, 1852; S. H. Tobie, 1853; J. Stone, 1854-56; James S. Rice, 1857 ; H. B. Mitchell, 1858; A. C. Traf- ton, 1859; S. P. Blake, 1861 ; S. S. Cray, 1862; J. W. Sawyer, 1863-64 ; S. V. Gray, 1866-67 ; J. H. Pillsbury, 1868; Alpheus B. Lovewell, 1869; Hezekiah Chase, 1870-72; J. H. Trask, 1873-74; J. B. Cole, 1875; J. H. Pillsbury, 1876-77 ; E. G. Gerry, 1878; G. W. Bar- ber, 1879. A building was erected in West Gray in 1840, and a second erected in the east part of the town by a branch styling them.selves Protestants. This was moved to Gray village, rebuilt, and dedicated by Rev. Joseph Colby, P.E., in July, 1869. Membership, 1869, 45. Class-leaders, E. M. Hames, Gray; Emmery Allen, West Gray; George A. Morrill, Dry Mills; S. P. Sargent, Douglass Mills. Recording Steward, E. M. Hames. Trustees, E. Allen, Marshal Morse, Hiram Skillings, Daniel Doughty, E. M. Hames, J. D. Anderson, Henry Pennell. SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES, in 1780, £350 were voted for the support of schools, the town was divided into two districts, and in 1785 Israel H. Buker was engaged to teach school a year, "at any place in town," for £45. He was also elected collector, that he might collect his own pay. A school-house was erected in the easterly district in 1793, by the inhabitants. The next year it was paid for by the town, and William Grela and Daniel Haley were made a committee to build 302 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. three others in the southern, northern, and Dutton Hill ncij;hborhoods. A fifth was erected in 1797, Long Hill in 17!>9, and the seventh in 1801. Four lots of school land were sold in 1814 for §1171.25, to establish a school fund, the interest on which was $71.25 in 1878. Appro- priations have been: in 1788, £10; 1791, £30; 1793, £40; 1799, £200; 1820, SiOO; 1840, $600; 1850, $700; 1864, $1100; 18G7-72,$2000; 1879,81400. The town comprised 12 districts in 1878, with ten good school-houses and $0000 worth of school property. Of the G15 children, 460 attended school. School supervision cost the town $40. Supervisor for 1879, Susie C. Frank. PENNELL INSTITUTE, a fine brick edifice and grounds in the village of Gray, commenced in 187G and completed in 1879, was donated to the town of Gray by its founder. Major Henry Pennell, grandson of Joseph Pennell, E.sq., one of the early settlers of the town. The building comjilete, with clock and bell, cost $20,000 ; library, $3000 ; and laboratory, $2000. It is endowed with a fuud of $25,000, to be held intact for its perpetual support. ASSOCIATIONS. INDEPENDENT ORDER OP ODD-FELLOWS. Silocmi Lodge., No. 45, organized April 4, 1877, with Warren H. Vincent, N. G. ; Benjamin F. Skillings, V. G. ; William S. Douglass, Treas. ; Albert Pennell, Sec. 1879, membership, 85 ; net assets $3000, including finely fur- nished rooms in Odd-Fellows' building. Gray village. Ofii- cers, W. H. Vincent, N. G. ; J. H. Newman, V. G. ; Thomas Hancock, Treas. ; Augustus Pennell, Sec. PATRONS OP HUSBANDRY. Gray Grange, No. 41, organized Oct. 3, 1874, with 28 members ; S. L. Adams, Mas. ; Kate Adams, Sec. ; Deacon John Merrill, Lee.; Hezckiah Whitney, Ov. ; David Law- rence, Treas. ; Mrs. Martha Merrill, Ceres. Officers, 1879, H. Whitney, Mas. ; Albert Pennell, Sec. ; S. L. Adams, Lee. ; Andrew Allen, Ov. ; George F. Cobb, Treas. ; Mrs. Hezekiah Whitney, Ceres. DRY MILLS TEMPERANCE REFORM CLUB, organized Aug. 7, 1874, with Wm. M. Dow, Pres.; Charles J. McDonald, Vice-Pres. ; George A. Morrill, Sec. ; Thomas Quinn, Treas. Officers, 1879, George A. Morrill, Pres. ; Benj. J. Simmons, Vice-Pres.; Lorenzo E. Dow, Sec; Freland M. Small, Treas. There are 273 names upon the club pledge-book. PROMINENT MEN. Among the men of the present are G. A. Morrill, E. H. Starbird, Henry Pennell, Charles E. Libby, W. H. Vinton, Charles H. Doughty, Jr., Thomas Hancock, Jacob Clark, D. B. Cumniings, Vincent Frank, and Cephas, grandson of Rev. Samuel Perley, the first preacher. THE LAWYERS have been Simeon Grcenleaf, 1807; Joseph Waterman, James B. Cleveland, 1831 ; James O'Donnell, 1849; J. D. Anderson, since 1874, and W. II. Vinton, who was a mem- ber of the State Senate in 1853-54, 1861-02, 1877-78, member of the State Legislature in 1857 and 1873, and president of the State Senate in 1878. He is a man of superior business attainments and remarkable memory. PHYSICIANS. Rev. Dr. Samuel Perley, 1774 ; Dr. Briggs, 1796 ; Peter Whitney, 1803; C. H. P. McLellan, 1795, 1825-28; Charles Hutchins, Nicholas H. Allen, 1841 ; J. D. Sturges, Wm. W. Green, 1863-72; Charles L. Holt, 1872-74 ; F. A. Morgan, dentist, 1869-79 ; Abram W. Anderson, 1876 ; P]gbert F. Andrews, 1874-79; J. F. Newman, 1S79. MILITARY. SOLDIERS OP THE REVOLUTION. Nathan Noble, killed in battle Oct. 7, 1777. Moses Twitchell, died in Canada, Nov. 9, 1775, after one month's service. Mo.''es Twitchell, Jr. Sergeant Asa Libby, enlisted April 24, 1780, for eight months, for £11 per month, payable in corn, etc. Isaac Foster, enlisted April 24, 1780, for eight months, for £10 per month. Jonathan Hayden, enlisted April 24, 1780, for eight months, for £10 per month. Amaziah Delano, died in Gray, 1850, aged ninety-two. Jo.soph Allen, died in Gray, 1849, aged ninety-one. James Welch, died in Gray, 1845, aged eighty-one. William Libby. Samuel Stowell, enlisted at Cape Ann, Mass. James Doughty, served under Gen. Greene, and was in North Carolina. Jonas Humphreys, served under Arnold; re-enlisted; was killed at the battle of White Plains. Sergeant Samuel Thomp.son. Jonas Humphrey, served under Gen. Arnold ; re-enlisted, and was killed at the battle of Wiiite Plains. Sixty pound fines paid by drafted men to Capt. Stevens, April 24, 1780 : Isaac Nason, Nathan Merrill, John Bar- ber, James Russell, Elisha Cummings, William Greely, Isaac Small, George Doughty, Daniel Cummings, Richard Hayden, John Wilson, Nicholas Low, Thomas White, Jer- emiah Hobbs, John Humphrey, Nathan Morse, Clement Hayden. Clothing left on hand at the end of the war was applied on poor, and used to pay town officers' salaries in part. 1807. — Daniel Libby, Jr., Captain ; Calvin Jordan, Ser- geant; David Orne, Clerk. 1824. — Militia, twenty cents a day voted for rations; quarter pound powder. 1840. — Company B, 4th Regiment, 1st Brigade, 5th Di- vision, boundaries defined. Among the early military men of the town were Maj. Jabez Mathews, 1778; Lieut. Wm. Webster, 1779 ; Capt. James Stevens, 1780; Lieut. David Small, Maj. Jedediah Cobb, Lieut. Robert York, 1786 ; Capt.«<. Daniel Hancy, Joseph McLellen, 1790; Capt. James Doughty, 1818; Col. Mesheck Humphrey. TOWN OF HARPSWELL. 303 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. REV. JOHN RICE. His father, George Rice, born in Scarborough, Sept. 21, 1780, married Hannah, daughter of Moses and Rebecca (Crockett) Hanscom, of Gorham, Me. She was born Sept. 9, 1V8S, and died Oct. 20, 182G. He died Sept. 13, 1858. His grandfather, Lemuel Rice, was also born in Scar- borough, May 2, 1756, and died Jan. 16, 1827. John, born July 1, 1810, removed with his parents to Durham when two years old. He was educated in the common school, and in the New Gloucester Academy, under the in.struction of Rev. Jabez Woodman, and for three terms was a teacher during the winter months. In August, 1833, he commenced study for the ministry, and in 1837 was ordained an elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Upon the close of liis teaching, at the age of twenty-two, he became a traveling preacher, and in 1834 was admitted a member of the Maine Annual Conference. His minis- terial labors were continuous from 1833 to 1874, and he ri mains a member of the Conference as a superannuated mini.ster, being obliged to retire from constant labor on account of ill health. Both as a devoted Christian worker and an expounder of the Scripture, his influence has been felt in the various churches over which he has been called to preside, and large numbers have been added to the church annually under his teachings. He married, July 24, 1836, Mary T., daughter of Nathan and Mary (Haskell) Hunt, of Falmouth, and granddaughter of David Hunt, born in Quincy, Mass., July 18, 1745, who was one of the early I'huto. by Con.ant. REV. JOHN RICE. settlers of Gray, and for many years a representative man of that town. Their children are Henry F., John II. (deceased), John 0., and Charles C. C. HARPSWELL. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This town is the most eastern civil and geographical division of Cumberland County. It consists of a peninsula called Harpswell, or Merriconeag Neck, which extends southward from Brunswick into Casco Bay, and of the following islands : Sebascondegan, or Great Island, Orr's, Bailey's, and Haskell's Islands, with Whaleboat Island, Birch Island, and several smaller ones. The area of the Neck is 4570 acres, and that of Great Island, 5790 acres, according to the measurement made in 1731, by Phinehas Jones, a surveyor.* The whole town probably contains about 12,000 acres. Harpswell can hardly be considered an agricultural town, though portions of it are very productive. Some excellent farms are to be found upon the Neck, and upon some of the larger islands. The soil of the Neck is largely granitic rather than a gravelly loam, with small tracts of clay loam. On Great Island the soil varies from « McKcen, in Harpswell Baiiiiey, October, IS32. a hard, tenacious clay to a sandy loam, while in some lo- calities are found a fine sand, and in others slaty and granitic soils. Most of the farms are equal to those on the Neck, being excellent meadow and grazing land, while the higher parts are suitable for corn and wheat. Orchards do not flourish well. EARLY SETTLEMENT. A portion of Harpswell was included in the grant to Thomas Purchase made by the Council of Plymouth, June 16, 1632. In the conveyance of jurisdiction to Governor Winthrop in 1639, the grant is defined as "all that tract of land at Pejepscot, aforesaid, upon both sides of the River Androscoggin, being four miles square towards the sea," meaning undoubtedly towards Casco Bay. Up to this time Thomas Purchase was probably the only settler in this region of country. In 1672, Nicholas Cole and John Purrington bought of Sagettawon and Robin Hood, Indian sagamores, " all the Land Lying & Being between the Two Carrying Places 304 HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Upon Mcrriconcaji; Neck Beginning at the head of the Westerinost Branch of" Wiggen Cove, so directly over to Wester Bay to the Bight, and so up along the neck from side to Side untill they come to the Uppermost Carrying place at the head of the Wester Bay at the Meadow which George Pliipping has formerly mowed, so over to the head of the crick that Comes in from the Easter Bay ;" also " That whole Tract of Meadow which they have formerly possessed Upon the Great Island lying and being at the head of the Cove against the Little Cove on Great Jebegc Island." The deed was witnessed by Thomas Stevens and his wife, Marsarot.* It is probable that Purrington him- self did not occupy tins land. If ho did, he afterwards moved to Arundel. f Nicholas Shapleigh, of Kittery, had, about the year 1659, though the exact date is unknown, purchased and caused to be settled IMerriconeag (Harpswell) Neck and the island of Sebascodegan. The purcha.se was made of the Indians and the price paid for the deed was " a considerable sura of wanipumpeag, several guns, and a parcel of tobacco."J There is no special reason for supposing, however, that Shapleigh actually settled there iiirasclf. This land of Purchase and Way, and of Nicholas Shap- leigh, all came into the hands of Richard Wharton, a Boston merchant. July 4, 1683, John Shapleigh, the heir of Nicholas, .sold to Richard Wharton " all that tract or neck of land called Merryconeg in Casco Bay, Province of Maine, and is bounded at head, or upper end, with the plains of Pejepscot or lands late belonging to or claimed by Mr. Purchase, and on all other sides or parts is incompassed and bounded with and by the salt water ; and also all that the aforesaid island called Scbasco, alias Sequasco-diggin."§ Oct. 10, 1683, Eleazcr Way, of Hartford, son and lieir of George Way, the partner of Thomas Pui'chase, sold to Richard Wharton, for £100, "one moiety or half part, or whatever share or proportion, be the same more or less, he, the s** Eliazer Way, now hath, may, might, should, or in anywise ought to have or claim, of, in, or to a certain tract or parcel of laud commonly called and known by name of Pejepscot, situate, lying, and being within the Province of Maine in New England aforesaid," together with one-half of all lands, uplands, meadows, etc., belonging to the saiue, " which said tract of land and premises for the space of forty years, or thereabouts, before the late war with the Indians, was in the actual possession and improvement of Mr. Thomas Purchase, and was actually given by patent from the Council of Plymouth, within said Kingdom of England, to the said George Way, and Thomas Purcha.se, deceased. "II Oct. 25, 1GS3, John Blaney, of Lynn, and Elizabeth, his wife, the former widow of Thomas Purchase, of I'ojep- scot, deceased, and the administratrix of his estate, testified " that said Eliazer Way had sold his [Purchase's] moity to s** Wharton in s'' Patent by the consent of the children of s'' Purchase for their support and settlement for £150," reserving seven lots which were secured to the childien by articles iu the deed. The portion sold was " All that * Pejepscot Papers. f Ibid. J Pejepscot Records. I Pejepscot Pajicrs, Stiitcmtnt uf Title. |1 Ibid. mjiety, hulf deal, and remaining .share, whatsoever the same is or miy be, of the said lands late belonging to the .s'' Thomas Purchase by virtue of the said patent or any other right in partnership with the said George or Eliazer Way, and all the right and title, propriety and interest which the said Thomas T'urchase died seized of, or that he uiight, should, or ought to have had in the said Province of Maine." The children of Purchase signified their consjnt to the sale on the deed itself.^ It will be seen from the above extracts that at this time Wharton owned the whole of what is now the town of Harpswell, — except a few islands, — the gre.iter portion of Brunswick, and a tract on the river in what is now the town of Topsham. On the 7th of February, 1682, the General Court of Massachusetts "granted Merriconeag Neck, with 1000 acres of land adjacent, to the President and Fellows of Harvard College."** Under this grant, Nicholas Cole, in 1691, set up a claim to the possession of the Neck, he having settled here previous to that time, and purchased the land of the Indians. The college at one time became anxious to secure the grant which had been made in 1682, and applied to the Legislature for its confirmation, but the decision was in favor of the Pejepscot purchasers, into whose possession the property had come. Sebascondegan (Great Island), included in Harpswell, was granted to Governor Thomas Danforth, President of the Province of Maine, and to Sumner Nowell, Es(|., by the General Court of Massachusetts, May 7, 1684, "for their great pains and good service done by order of this Court in the expedition in .several journeys to Casco, for which no recompense hath been made thorn. "fj" In 1658, Thomas Haynes settled at Maquoit, where he retained land as late as 1678. His wife's name was Joyce. Richard Potts was settled as early as 1672, and probably a year or two earlier, on wliat was known as New Deniariscovc Island. In 1673 he owued and lived upon the point which still bears his name, at the extremity of Harpswell Neck. The following individuals are known to have been settled about this time, certainly prior to 1700, witliin the limits of what was afterwards called the Pejepscot purchase : at Middle Bay, John Cleaves; on White's Island, Nicholas White ; at Mair Point, James Carter, Thomas Haynes, Andrew and George Phippeny ; at Maquoit Bay, John Swaine, Thomas Kimball, of Charleston, who settled on Iloeg Island in 1658, John Sears, Thomas Wharton, Sam- uel Libby, who subsequently resided in Scarborough, Henry Webb, Edward Greet (or Creek), and Robert Jordan ; on Smoking Fish Point, Christopher Lawson, an Antinomian; at or near New Meadows, in 1G75, was Alister Coombs. The island of Sebascodegan was settled as early as 1639 by Francis Small and his wife, Elizabeth, whose child was the first born on the island, of English parents. He was from Kittery, and was a tenant under Col. Shapleigh. The latter also owned Merriconeag Neck, The Neck at this time had a number of settlers upon it, who were all driven off by the Indians at the commencement of King Philip's war in 1 Ibid. tt Ibid. ** Attested copy of Court Record, in Pejepscot papers. TOWN OF HARPSWELL. 305 1675. In 1683, Shapleigh, finding liis property almost worthless on account of the Indian troubles, sold the Neck and island to Richard Wharton, of Boston. After Wharton's purchase of Sebascodegan, the Indians continued pos.session of the island, for the purpose of catch- ing fish, seal, and porpoi.se. This prevented any further settlements there for some years. A paper drawn up by one of the Pejepsoot proprietors, it is supposed about 1714. gives a list of the settlers on the purchase. At the narrows or carrying-place that parts Casco Bay from Merrymoeting Bay, " settled by Stevens, who has a son now at New Haven married to Parker's daughter." " Next to said Stevens, at the upper Whigby, or Wi.skege, by Lawson, owned by Ephraim Savage." " On Merriconeag Neck only two settlements, Richard Potts, who lived at the lower end, and John Damarell, about three miles above him. But one settlement at Mair Point, by John Phippany. But one settlement at Maquoit, by Robert [Thomas?] Haines." The Pejepscot proprietors, who owned Harpswell and Brunswick and other adjoining lands, were Thomas Hutch- inson, Adam Winthrop, John Watts, David Jeffries, Stephen Minot, Oliver Noyes, and John Ruck, of Boston, Mass., and John Wentworth, of Portsmouth, N. H. They bought the lands of Ephraim Savage, of Boston, administrator of Richard Wharton, who had become possessed of the greater portion of the tract, and had died in England, in 1693. The company purchased the lands Nov. 5, 1714, for the sum of £150, to hold in fee as tenants in common. The conveyance wa.s acknowledged the next day, and was re- corded in the York records on the 19th of November fol- lowing.* Oct. 20, 1714, the General Court of Massachusetts passed a resolution that it was for the public interest that some townships be laid out and settled in the ea.storn coun- try, and John Wheelwright and others were appointed a committee to receive the claims of all persons claiming lands there. On the 18th of February, 1715, the Pejepscot proprietors made certain proposals to the above-mentioned committee : 1. That the General Court should give confirmation to their purchase, in order that they might " be better able to encourage substantial farmers to remove with their stock from England." 2. For the encouragement of a fishing town at Small Point. 3. That whenever 1 2 or more persons offered themselves for any new settlement, they should be " covered" with such a force and for such a time as the General Court should deem necessary. 4. That those settling in the limits of the Pejepscot tract should, for the first seven years, have some assistance from the public towards the maintenance of a ministry, and should be exempted from the payment of any Province tax. The proprietors agreed that, if the General Court would consent to the foregoing proposals, they would, on their part, agree to enter into the following arrangements : 1. To lay out three, or if the land would admit, four plats 39 * Pejepscot Papers, quoted by Wheelc or towns, and have them surveyed and platted that same summer, at their own cost. 2. " In seven years, if peace continues with the Indians," they would settle " each of said towns with 50 families or more, in a defensive manner, having already offers of very considerable numbers, both in this country and from Eng- land." And in order thereto they were willing to grant them such house-lots, in fee, and such accommodations in regard to their lands, as might induce them to settle there. 3. That they would lay out a convenient portion of land in each town for " the subsistence of the first minister, the ministry, and a school." 4. " Being desirous that the people might not live like heathen, without the worship of God, as had been too frequent in new settlements," they engaged for the more speedy procuring of a minister, and to make it easier for the inhabitants at their first settling down, that as soon as there should be 20 householders in each of the towns, who would provide a frame for, and raise a meeting-house, they would, at their own expense, furnish glass, lead, nails, iron- work, and other materials, and finish the meeting-house for them, and pay towards the maintenance of an " orthodox gospel minister" in each town, the sum of £40 per annum, for five years. These proposals to the committee received the signature of all the proprietors. On the 27 til of the following Jlay, the committee reported favorably on these proposals, and the General Court, on the 10th of June, passed resolutions in accordance therewith. Thus this company became undoubted legal owners of the territory they had purchased."]' OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. The principal occupation of the first settlers of Harps- well is said to have been cutting cord-wood and shipping it to Boston, Salem, and other ports, although farming and fishing were doubtless carried on to some extent. Bailey's Island, which is now nearly barren of trees, was at that time densely covered with wood. After a while the settlers devoted themselves almost exclusively to farming aud fish- ing. FISHERIES. We have been unable to obtain any statistics of this business at an early date. At the present time there are caught, dried, and cured in Harpswell about 20,000 quin- tals of fish annually, consisting of cod, hake, haddock, pol- lock, and cusk. Smaller fish, such as mackerel, porgies, and herring, are also caught in abundance. In the month of September the herring come in very plenty, and it is not uncommon to see, in Mackerel Cove and Jaquis' Harbor, from 75 to 150 sail of vessels. Large quantities of the fish are taken to Portland, where they are packed and shipped to various parts of the country as " Portland Her- ring." During the months of March, April, and May, most of the fisliermen are engaged in tlie lobster fishery. The fishing smacks are so arranged that the lobsters are kept alive, and large numbers are shipped to Portland, Bos- ton, and New York. In former years the clam business was quite an impor- I History of Brunswick, Topsh:im, and Harpsivell. 306 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. taut branch of the fisheries, but it is not so now. About tlio }'car 18G3 there were put up, and sold at prices ranging from $8 to SI 4 per barrel, not less than 2500 barrels. The principal dealers in fish are S. Watson, A. T. Trufant, and Jcilin Power, of East Ilarpswell ; Sniullen & Prince and J. M. Johnson, of Orr's Lsland ; E. C. Simpson & Co. and J. B. Piiikhain, of West HarpswcU. Owing to tlie fact that HarpswcU possesses no streams large enough to afford sufiicient water-power, but little attention has been given to manufactures i^i this town. Previous to 1758 there was a wind-mill in the town and a tide-mill called Jones' Mill.* The location of the wind- mill is not known. The tide-mill was situated near the farm of Arthur Orr, and was at one time owned by him. It was originally built by a family of Quakers by the name of Jones. Captain James Sinnett, of Bailey's Island, re- members a very old mill at Widgeon Cove, which was standing as late as the year 1804. It was then owned, in part, by Silas Allen and Deacon James Wilson. About the year 1800 there was a wind-mill near Charles Merryman's. It was built and owned by Major Paul Ran- dall. The great shaft for the mill he hauled from Bruns- wick, and it was so heavy he nearly broke the backs of his oxen drawing it over some of the hills. The mill did not do much business. It was situated down near the shore, instead of upon the ridge, which would have furnished more wind-power. The present saw- and . grist-mill was erected about the year 1850. It is owned in shares, about twenty in number. In 1855, or thereabouts, there were two grist-mills otr Great Island, one owned by Stephen Purinton, Esq., and the other by a Mr. Ridley. SALT-WORKS. During the Revolution salt was very scarce. An Irish- man on Great Island, who understood how to make salt from sea-water, suggested the building of salt-works on that island. A company was formed, a building erected, and kettles and other appliances were purchased. The Irish- man, whose name was Millay, had charge of the kettles. A yoke of oxen was employed to draw wood fur the ovens. Sixty bushels of salt per week were manufactured, and it was sold in Boston for two dollars per bushel. The population of Ilarpswell is so scattered that it has been found no easy thing to obtain an account of the va- rious trades pursued in former times or at present. The following is all that we have obtained any information about. Bakers. — Early in the present, or late in tlie last cen- tury, a Mr. Ryan had a bakery on Great Island. lie moved to Brunswick in 1804 or 1805. lilacJcsmit/ts. — Nehemiah Curtis, whose shop was one mile above the Congregational church on the Neck, was the first blacksmith in town of whom we have any account. » Memoranda of Rev. Samuel Eaton, in Pejepscot Papers. He was succeeded in the business by his son and grandson, of the same name. The grandson kept the shop until 1820. Somewhat later in the business were Benjamin Curtis, whose shop was half a mile northwest of the church, and Barstow Curtis, whose shop was where Abijah Stover now lives. Boat- Builders. — David Doughty was the first boat- builder on Great Island. He was engaged in this business as late as 1847. He was succeeded in the business by Wil- liam Doughty. Since then the business has been carried on by quite a large number of persons. Boot and Shoe Makers. — James Merryman, on the Neck, near the Baptist church, and William Orr, on Orr's Island, were engaged in the boot and shoe business for some years. They moved away about 1847. Brick-Yards. — In 1805 there was a brick -yard owned by a Mr. Douglass, situated on the Neck, about three miles above the Congregational church. It was in operation only a short time. There was another one carried on by a Mr. Reed in 1812 to 1815, on Orr's Island. Carpenters and Joiners. — John Curtis, in 1802 to 1804, and Waitstill Webber, an apprentice of Curtis', in 1804, worked at this trade. Their shop was on the Neck, aLout two miles above the Congregational church. In 1806, John Bibber pursued this occupation. Gunsmiths. — A man by the name of Nason lived on Bailey's Island about 1856, and carried on the business of a gunsmith. His shop was where Prince & Smullen's store is now. Harness and Saddle Makers. — A man by the name of Barstow carried on the above business for one year in 1816 or 1817. 3Iasons. — The only mason that we have received any ac- count of was a man by the name of Ewing. He lived on Great Island, but at what date is not known to us. Surveyors. — The only surveyors of land of whom we have any account were Paul and Benjamin Randall, who lived about two miles and a half above the Congregational church. Paul died about 1874; Benjamin, about 1847. Tailors. — From 1800 to 1806, D. Merritt carried on the tailoring business in town, lie moved to Durham. Tanners. — In the early part of the century, Thomas Farr had a tannery in Stover's Cove, on the Neck, and Benjamin Dunning had one about three miles above the Congregational church. In the eastern jiart of the town, Stephen Purinton had one. Mr. James Booker kept store as early as 1752, and as late as 1762. About the latter date, Andrew Dunning and Alexander Wilson were also in trade, — that is, they were licen.sed retailers, and had a stock of goods which they disposed of to the settlers when called upon, but they probably did not confine themselves exclusively to that business. Joseph Coney came from Boston, in 1795, and opened a store, which was opposite the lower end of Orr's Island. It was afterwards occupied by Bruce & Everett, Silas H. Dodge, and Jacob Merryman. Joseph Eaton kept store near the Congregational church until his death, about 1846. A Mr. Piukham once kept store at the end of TOWN OF HARPSWELL. 307 Pott's Point, but the date is unknown. In 1847, Wash- ington Garcelon, postmaster, had one near Paul Randall's. BdUcys Island. — The old store which once stood at the head of the cove, on the outer end of Bailey's Island, has been occupied by the followina; men, in succession : Perry & Howard, of Brunswick, about 1800 ; Joseph Coney, Maj. John Rowo, Zachariah Lambert, and Capt. David John- son. The store now occupied by Lubce was formerly owned by Ralph Sinnett. A Mr. Dana and a Mr. Twombly both kept store on this island for a long time. The former was at the lower end. The data of their doing business is not known. Orrs Is/and. — In the early part of this century, Edward Ingraham kept a store on the southwest end of the island, where Prince & Smullen's store is now. He had a brother in business with him, who was probably Nathaniel. S. F. Merrill at one time had a store at Lowell's Cove. Great Island. — In the latter part of the last, or in the first of the present century, a Mr. Ryan had a store at Condy's Harbor. Esquire Snow kept a store for many years at his wharf on New Meadows River. INSURANCE COMPANY. On Feb. 14, 1855, Paul R. Curtis, Shubael Merryman, Isaac A. Johnson, Thomas A. Estes, Thomas U. Eaton, Abraui J. Allen, Simeon Curtis, L. II. Stover, Pennell Alexander, Thomas Alexander, and Abel Thompson were incorporated as the " Harpswell Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company." The first officers were Thomas Alex- ander, President ; Thomas U. Eaton, Secretary ; Abel Thompson, Treasurer. The first Board of Directors were Stephen Purinton, James Orr, David Webber, Alcot S. Merryman, Thomas U. Eaton, Thomas Alexander, and Henry Barnes. The losses of this company have been so little that there has never been a necessity for making any assessments upon the members. The present officers are Thomas Alex- ander, President ; William C. Eaton, Secretary ; Shubael Merryman, Treasurer. The present directors are Thomas Alexander, Pennell Alexander, William C. Eaton, Shubael Merryman, Sylvester Stover, Stephen Purinton, and Sam- uel E. SmuUen. POPULATION. In 1765 there were in Harpswell 55 houses, 111 fami- lies, 224 males under and 188 above sixteen years of age, 224 females under and 186 females above sixteen years of age, and 14 negroes. The total population, exclusive of Indians, was 836. Brunswick at this time had a popula- tion of but 506. In 1776, Harpswell had 077 white inhabitants, while Brunswick had but 867.* In 1778, Harpswell had 27 Revolutionary soldiers, and 178 males over the age of sixteen.f MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HAFvPSWELL. Harpswell, or Merriconeag Neck, was embraced in the town of North Tarmouth, of which it constituted a parish, * Census of Massachusetts, 1765 to 1776. t Massachusetts Archives, book 1S5, p. .'i'JI. till 1740, in which year it was annexed to Brunswick by order of the General Court of Massachusett.s. The proprie- tors — Joseph Wadsworth, Adam Winthrop, Henry Gibbs, Belcher Noyes, and Job Lewis — set forth in a petition, signed by 27 other inhabitants, the difficulties of getting to the meeting-house of North Yarmouth, about thirty miles distant by land, and by water across two bays dan- gerous to navigate with their families in canoes, and being thus deprived of the public worship of God, asked to be annexed to Brunswick, whose meeting-house was but '• three miles from the upper end of the Neck, adjoining to Bruns- wick Town, and no water to pass over." The petition was granted June 27, 1740 ; but on the 1st of August, 1741, by act of the General Court it was returned to North Yar- mouth. This legislation was displeasing to the people of the Neck, and other petitions were sent in by the select- men of Brunswick and the inhabitants of Harpswell, ask- ing that they be again annexed to Brunswick. These petitions were not favorably received by the Gen- eral Court ; but on June 14, 1749, that body, in response to a petition of the inhabitants of that portion of Merrico- neag Neck and the adjoining lands which was within the limits of North Yarmouth, passed an order to the effect that the Neck, the land and islands mentioned in the petition, and the northeast part of Sebascodegan Island, should be a distinct and separate precinct. In 1758 an act incorporating Harpswell as a district was passed, one section of which reads as follows : " And the inhabitants of said Neck of land and Islands shall be and hereby are invested with all the powers, privileges, and immunities that the several towns in this Province by law do or may enjoy, that of sending a Representative only excepted." The present name of the town is not known to have been used prior to the incorporation. By whom it was first sug- gested is not known. One authority states that it was so named by the General Court, but according to traditionary accounts the name was given by the Dunnings. There is a Harpswell in Lincolnshire, England, and the name was prob- ably first suggested by some emigrant from that vicinity, and was favored by the Dunnings, who were English peo- ple, though from another county. The first recorded meeting of the district was held March 30, 1758. At this meeting Capt. John Stover was chosen Moderator ; Andrew Dunning, Clerk ; David Curtis, Isaac Hall, and Andrew Dunning, Selectmen and Asses- sors ; Lieut. Lemuel Turner, District Treasurer; Elijah Douglas and Taylor Small, Constables ; James Babbage, Seth Toothaker, and John Coombs, Tithing- Men ; Waitstill Webber, William Alexander, and Joseph Thompson, Sur- veyors of Highways ; Edward Easters, Thomas McGregor, and Joseph Linscott, Fence- Viewers; Nathan Adams, James Gardner, and John Snow, Hog-Reeves: and Elisha Allen, Sealer of Leather. It was voted at this meeting that hogs and horses should be allowed to run at large, according to the existing law. The meeting adjourned to the last Wed- nesday in May. Harpswell sent her first representative, Samuel Stanwood, to the General Court in 1770. At a meeting of the town held Jan. 16, 1776, the selectmen were chosen a committee to embody in a petition to the General Court the necessity 308 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. there was for an arnieil guard and a supply of auiniuiiitii)ii ill the town. On Marcli 4th, William Sylvester, Nathaniel Purinton, Capt. Nehemiah Curtis, Capt. John Snow, and Lieut. Ben- jamin Dunning were chosen a committee of correspond- ence, inspection, and safety. At a meeting held May Gth the vote of the district in 1775, giving Minute-Men 2.s-. 8(1. per week for military practice on three days in each week, for three hours each day, was rescinded. On July SOth it was voted that the selectmen should take charge of the ammunition and arms, receipt lor the same, and then dis- tribute them. among the officers of the militia, who should be accountable for them. It was also voted to pay Nathaniel Purinton and the seven men who assisted him in bringing gnus down the Kennebec River 4s. each, for two days' labor. It was also voted to pay Deacon Isaa,c Snow 12s. for liis expenses and charge in bringing 25 firearms from Falmouth. Andrew Dunning was, at this meeting, chosen to take recognizances in Ilarpswell. At a meeting held on December 20th the following resolutions were passed : " Voted the great & tJeneral Court or Assembly of tbis State Do Take up nForm of Government as Soon as they think Projiper & that form that Shall tend uio«t to Piety, Peace, Safety, and Good Order in tbis State and agreeable to the Honourable Continental Congress — the vote unanimous at a full Meeting. " Voted the Selectmen Send to the General Court or Treasurer for Axes, Kittles, Canteens, and Money to hire Waggons & Pay the Men that are Draughted their Milage to the Place of Destiniitiim." At the March meeting in 1777, Nathaniel Purinton, Capt. John Snow, Capt. Nehemiah Curtis, Ezekiel Curtis, and Andrew Dunning were cho.sen a committee of corre- spondence and safety. It was also voted " Not to Have a Hospetal Built in the County for an Enocolating Hospetal. ' It was also voted this year to pay Andrew Dunning 12s. for superintending the delivery of powder and flints, and for "recording the Declaration of Independence. On November 25th a committee was chosen to supply the families of soldiers with necessary articles. CIVIL LIST. REPRESENTATIVES IN GENERAL COURT OF MASSACHU- SETTS. Samuel Stnnwood, 1770; Isaac Snow, 1783, '87, '89, '90, and '92; Samuel Snow, 1795 ; Benjamin Dunning, 1785, '91, '93, '97, ISOO, 1801, 1803, and 1806; Joseph Coney, 1799; Samuel Dunning, 1808; Marlborough Sylvester, 1809; Stephen Purinton, ISIO, '13, '14, 'Ifi, and '20; Paul Raymond, 1819. SELECTMEN. 1758. — David Curtis, Isaac Hall, Andrew Dunning. 1759. — David Curtis, Andrew Dunning, Paul Raymond. 17C0. — Edward Easters, Jonathan Flint, Andrew Dunning, Paul Ray- mond, Isaac Snow. 1761. — Jonathan Flint, Paul Raymond, Walter Merryman. 1762. — Jonathan Flint, Walter Merryman, James Booker. 1763.— Capt. William Sylvester, Lieut. Joshua Bcrstow, Paul Ray- mond. 1764. — Andrew Dunning, Nehemiah Curtis, Paul Raymond. 1765.— Paul Raymond, Nehemiah Curtis, John Roduck. 1766-67.— Nehemiah Curtis, John Roduck, Nathaniel Purinton. 1768-69.— William Sylvester, Esq., Edward Cunningham, Nathaniel Purinton. 1770. — Paul Rnyuinnd, Capt. John Stover, Ezekiel Curtis. 1771.— William Sylvester, Ezekiel Curtis, Paul Raymond. 1772-74.— William Sylvei-ter, Ezekiel Curlis. Isaac Snow. -Lieut. John lloiiuek, .\nthony I ester. Willi, Coomb?, J I Purinton, Esq., Capt. Ne 177S.— William Sylvester, Esq., Natbi heniiah Curtis. 1779. — William Sylvester, Esq., John Kinluck, Simeon Hopkins. 1780. — John Roduck, Nathaniel Purinton, Esq., Ezekiel Curtis. 1781-82. — John Roduck, Lieut. Benj. Dunning, Deacon Isaac Snow. 1783. — William Sylvester, John Roduck, Nathaniel Purinton. 1784-87.— John Roduck, Nathaniel Purinton, Ezekiel Curtis. 1788-89. — -John Roduck, Ezekiel Curtis, Anthony Coombs. 1790. — Isaac Snow, Daniel Randale, Ezekiel Curtis. 1791. — Johnson Stover, John Rodick, Stephen Purinton. 1792. — Johnson Stover, John Rodick, Lsaac Snow. 1793. — John Rodick, Ezekiel Curtis, Stephen Purinton. 1794. — Joseph Carr, Johnson Stover, Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1795-96.— John Rodick, Ezekiel Curtis, Lieut. Anthony Coombs. 1797-98.— Samuel Snow, John Rodiek, Marlborough Sylvester. 1799. — John Rodick, Marlborough Sylvester, Charles Ryan. 1800.- Paul Randall, Marlborough Sylvester, Anthony Coombs. 1801.— Anthony Coombs, Marlborough Sylvester, Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1802. — Anthony Coombs, Marlborough Sylvester, John Rodick. 1803. — Capt. Samuel Snow, Marlborough .Sylvester, Paul Curtis. 1804-6. — Marlborough Sylvester, John Snow, Jr., Johnson Stover. 1807. — Harrison Cleaves, Marlborough Sylvester, Paul Raymond. 1808. — Marlborough Sylvester, Aleot Stover, Jr., Paul Raymond. 1809-12.— John Curtis, Alcot Stover, Jr., Paul Raymond. 1813. — John Curtis, Stephen Snow, Alcot Stover, Jr. 1814. — John Curtis, Alcot Stover, Jr., Paul Raymond. 1815. — Marlborough Sylvester, Alcot Stover, Jr., Anthony Coombs. 1816-17. — Alcot Stover, Jr., John Curlis, Paul Raymond. 1318. — Benjamin Randall, John Pennell, Paul Raymond. 1819. — John Curtis, Benjamin Randall, Paul Raymond. 1820.— George Skolfield, Benjamin Randall, Stephen Merritt. 1821.- Paul Raymond, John Curtis, Capt. Peleg Curtis. 1822. — John Curtis, Paul Raymond, Benjamin Randall. 1823. — Isaac Sylvester, Benjamin Randall, Paul Raymond. 1824-25. — Ij.aac Sylvester, Samuel Toothaker, Capt. Peleg Curtis. 1826.— Samuel Toothaker, Paul Randall, Peleg Curtis. 1827. — .Sylvester Stover, Paul Randall, Samuel Toothaker. 1823-29. — Benjamin Randall, Samuel Toothaker, James Merryman (3d). 1830.— James Eastman, James Merryman (3d), Benjamin Randall. 1831.— Peleg Curtis, James Merryman (3d), Simeon Orr. 1832.— Paul Randall, John Stover, Simeon Orr. 1833.— Paul Randall, Benjamin Randall, Samuel Toothaker. 1834. — Peleg Curtis, James Merryman (3d), Samuel Toothaker. 1835. — Isaac Stover, Paul Randall, Stephen Snow. 1836. — Isaac Stover, Paul Randall, Samuel Toothaker. 1837.— Isaac Stover, Paul Randall, James Eastman. 1838. — Benjamin Randall, Thomas Alexander, James Eastman. 1839. — Thomas Alexander, William Randall, Simeon Orr. 1840. — Washington Gareelon, Thomas Alexander, Simeon Orr. 1841. — Benjamin Randall, James Merryman (3d), Simeon Orr. 1842-43.— Paul Randall, Isaac Stover, Samuel Toothaker. 1844. — Paul Randall, Harry C. Martin, Simeon Hogikins. 1845. — Isaiah Snow, Paul Randall, Washington Gareelon. 1846.— Alcot Stover, Robert Pennell, Robert Stover. 1847.— Isaiah Snow, Aleot Stover, Robert Pennell. 1848-52.- Isaiah Snow, Robert Pennell, James Stover. 1853-54.— Thomas U. Eaton, Simeon Hopkins, David Webber. 1855. — Thof. U. Eaton, David Webber, Isaiah Soow. 1856.— Thos. U. Eaton, Alcot S. Merryman, Alexander Ewing. 1857-58. — Henry Barnes, Lemuel H. Stover, Alexander Ewing. 1859-60.— Thos. U. Eaton, AVm. Randall, Joseph Orr. 1861. — William Randall, Paul A. Durgan, I.saiah Snow. 1862.— Isaiah Snow, llutson Merryman. David Webber. 1863.— Geo. R. Skolfield, Lemuel H. Stover, Joseph D. Wyer. 1864-65 —Lemuel II. Stover, Wm. C. Eaton, Samuel S. Toothaker. 1866.- Thos. Pennell, E. C. Simpson, Stephen Purinton. 1867.— L. H. Stover, William C. Eaton, Charles E. Trufant. 1868.— William C. Eaton, L. 11. Stover, Francis J. Orr. 1869.— L. 11. Stover, William C. Eaton, S. S. Toothaker. 1870.— Isaac Merryman (2d), Sylvester Stover, S. S. Toothaker. 1S71.— David Pennell. L. H. Stover, S. S. Toothaker. TOWN OF HARPSWELL. 3n9 ] 872. — Jnmes Alexander, E. K. Hodgkins, S. S. Toothaker. 1873-74.— Thomas E. Skolfield, Moses Bailey, S. S. Toothaker. 187.1.— Thomas E. Skolfield. Moses Bailey, Charles E. Trufant. 1876-77.— Thomas E. Skolfield, Elijah K. Hodgkins, Charles E. Tru- fant. TOWN CLERKS. Anthony Coombs, Jr., 1783, 1793; Andrew Dunning, 1758-82; An- drew Dunning, 1814-20; Btnjarain Dunning, 1791-92; William Dunning, Jr., 1800-11; Joseph Eaton, 1821-25; Thomas U. Eaton, 1833-57, 1859-60 ; Washington Garcelon, 1844-45 ; James Mcrryman (3d), 1833-35; Robert Pennell, 1846-52; Paul Ran- dall, 1826-32,® 1836-43; Elisha S. Stover, 1863-65, 1872-77; Lemuel H. Stover, 1858, 1861, 1867-71; Sylvester Stover, 1862, 1866; Marlborough Sylvester, 1794-99, 1813; William Sylvester, 1784-90. FORT.S AND GARRISONS. The only fort ever constructed in HarpswcU was made during the war of 1812, on tlie land now owned by Wood- bury S. Purinton, at the mouth of New Meadows River. It was a simple earthwork, the foundation of which was made of logs. A mound of earth and a few decayed logs mark its location. There was a garrison or block-house for defense against the Indians, on the north end of Bailey's Island. It was at the Narrows, between Garrison Cove and the main bay, within twenty feet of the shore. The stone foundations have been seen by some of the older iuhabitants ; but when the land was put under cultivation all the stones were rolled over the bank, and there are now no traces of the garrison to be seen. About 1764, Joseph Orr built a large block-house on the farm now owned by Bradbury Wilson. It stood near the middle of Orr's Island, on the northwest side of the hill, northwest of the present house. This block-house was standing within the memory of Captain James Sinnett, of Bailey's Island. There is now no trace of it to be dis- covered. On the Neck, on tlie point of land now owned by Paul Stover, there was a block-house ; by whom erected, or at what date, is not known. It was taken down by Daniel Randall and erected as a store-house near his dwelling. In 1822 it was again taken down, and rebuilt as a dwelling, which is still standing. It is quite probable that there were other block-houses or garrisons on the Neck, and also on Great Island, but these are all of which we have any account. CHUr.CHES. The old meeting-house of the First Parish in this town was probably commenced about the year 1757 or 1759. P]lisha Eaton, son of the Rev. Elisha Eaton, who was a carpenter living in Boston, wrote in his diary, Aug. 7, 1757,— "getting stuff for window-frames and Sashes for Meeting-house which is for North Yarmouth y" sec'd Parish." "Sept. 21. Caping window-frames for meeting-house." " 1759, June 13th. Puting sashes on board y" vessel for Meeting- house at Ilarpswell." " Octo. 6th, sail d for Ilarpswell,— arrived there y' 8th, where I tarried until Nov. 27th." Although there is no proof, yet it is quite likely that Mr. Eaton worked upon the meeting-house during his stay in ^' Supply James Merryman, 7. r. Harpswell, and probably put in the windows he had been so long at work upon. From an examination of the town records it appears that this house was a long time in being completed. At a special meeting of the town, Nov. 14, 1774, it was voted that the " Advance ground in the Galleries and scats in the same shall be for the use of the Parish, except the Pew in the Front of the Front Gallery, they (the members of the Parish) paying the cost of the Same." And it was also voted " to put in the glass wanting in the meeting-house, mend the putty, Prime the Sashes and window- Frames." At another meeting held the same year it was voted to lay a floor in the porch, build the stairs and doors in the porch, put up the breastwork in the galleries, and put in the seats there, and to mend the windows. Nothing further seems to have been done until June, 1781, when it was voted to shingle the " four side" of the meeting-house, and to hang the doors. This completed the work on the church until Jan. 16, 1792, when it was voted that there should be " four pews built in the body of the meeting-house on the Neck, ad- joining the pews now built, two on each side of the front alley, ' and that the money arising from the sale of the same should be expended in repairing the meeting-house. Also, that the pew ground should be sold at auction. In November, 1797, the town voted to sell ten feet two inches of the pew space in each side gallery, the purchaser to pay $2 down, and the balance in ninety days, or forfeit the whole. At the sale, pew No. 5 was bid oiF to William Dunning, Jr., at $21 ; No. 4 to Walter Merryman, Jr., at $25 ; No. 3 to Joshua Bishop, at $26.50 ; and No. 2 to Aleck Stover, at the same price. This meeting-house was occupied by the First Pari.sh until 1844. At a meeting of the parish held Jlay 31, 1841, it was voted " to take out the insides of the meeting- house, as far as necessary, take off the porch, turn the house round end to the road, and rebuild the inside of the house," and that Joseph Eaton be a committee to consult an archi- tect and estimate the expense. It was also voted that the meeting-house should not in future be used for town pur- poses, and that Eaton should inform the selectmen of this vote. At a meeting held July 5lh, the parish committee were instructed, in case the selectmen thought the town had a claim on the meeting-house, to refer the matter to some leal authority, and the committee were empowered to sue, and to defend the rights of the parish. At a parish-meeting, held March 26, 1842, it was voted to petition the District Court for leave to sell the meeting- house at private sale, or otherwise, with or without the land on which it stood, as might be thought advisable. The last entry in the parish records is dated Sept. 27, 1842. It was called in the legal manner, and a legal re- turn was made upon the warrant, and was signed by the person who notified the members, and by the parish clerk. For some reason, however, it was not deemed legal by some. The entry read as follows : "At a certain meeting purporling to be a meeting of the First Parish in Uarpswell held on the 27 of September, 1S42, and which was called by Washington Ctarcelon, Jus. Peace, issuing his warrant to Thomas Alexander, voted as follows,— Thomas Alexander, 310 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Moderator; after which the meeting was objected to by a member of tlie said Parish, in behalf of the Parish, and they refused to net, as being illegal on aocouiit of its not having Ijecn notified by said Alex- ander : "Voted, that a committee of three be chosen to remonstrate at court against the meeting-house being sold. Voted, Joshua Stover, llufus Dunning, and .Simeon Stover t2d) be this committee. Voted, that this committee have power to call on papers and witnesses. Voted, that John Stover be an agent to carry the remonstrance to Court. Voted, to pass over the 3d article in the warrant [to see if the parish would repair the moeting-house]. Voted, that all votes passed on the 26th of March last, concerning the sale of the Meeting- llousc, be rescinded. Voted, that the Mceting-IIouse be occupied as it has been. Voted, not to assess any money for the support of the Ministry. Voted, that this meeting be dissolved. "Attest. WiLi.LVM C. Eatos, " P. Clerh:" After this date the moeting-house remained, for the most part, unused, until 185G, when it was taken possession of by the town as a town-house and selectmen's office. This building, though probably one hundred and twenty years old, is still standing, and in use as a town-house, and is in a fair state of preservation. The boards, an inch and a half thick, and the birch-bark covering the cracks beneath the clapboards, are still to be seen in it, as well as the curious hinges and the original hand-made nails. The old meeting-house of the Fir.st Parish, on Great Island, was built about 1770, and was taken down in 1843. It was similar, both externally and internally, to the ol^l meeting-house on the Neck, and does not,- therefore, require further description. The Centre Congregational meeting-house, on Harpswell Neck, directly opposite the old First Parish meeting-house, was built in 1843. It was built by individuals who entered into the following agreement : " We, the subscribers, being desirous to have a meeting-bouse built in the vicinity of the old meeting-house on Harpswell Neck, to bo ever owned, managed, and conducted by the Congregational Society in Harpswell, with the privilege of its being occupied by others holding evangelical sentiments, at the request of any pew-holder, when not occupied by the said Congregational Society. To contain about 40 pews, with a belfry and steeple, and to be of such dimen- sions as the building committee and some experienced joiner shall deem best. " And we hereby agree to tiiUe the number of pews set against our names, and to pay the assessments as agreetl upon at any regular meeting of said subscribers, the first meeting to be called by the building committee or any three of the subscribers, to choose such officers and make such regulations as said meeting may think proper, and to determine the manner of calling future meetings. And the building committee to be Silvester Stover, Clement Martin, and James Stover. And all who can conveniently, to pay in to the build- ing committee. "Silvester Stover, 10 pews; Joseph Stover, 1 pew; Dominicus Jordan, 1 pew; George S. Dunning, 1 pew; James Stover, 1 pew; Isaac Dunning, 1 pew ; William Barnes, 2 pews; Joseph Eaton, 1 pew ; Jacob Merrj'man, 1 pew ; William C. Eaton, 1 pew ; Hugh Farr, 1 pew; Elisha Allen, .Jr., 1 pew; Abraham Alien, 1 pew ; James Dunning, 1 pew ; Simeon Orr, I pew ; Richard Orr, Jr., 1 pew ; Stephen Sinnet, Jr., J pew; Michael Sinnct, J pew; Norton Stover (2d), 1 pew; Clement Martin, S pews; George II. Skolficld, 1 pew; Daniel Randall, 1 pew; George Skolficld, 1 pew; Mary Skollicid, 1 pew." At their first meeting the foregoing proprietors voted to purchase three-sixteenths of an acre of land of Elisha Stover, for the meeting-house lot. At another meeting of the same, held June 30th, it was voted, in explanation of one clause of their agreement, " that when the meeting-house is not supplied by Congregational preaching, it shall be opened on the Sabbath under the direction of the committee or agent having charge of it, and at the request of one or more pew-holders, for preaching by other authorized min- isters in regular standing, holding the sentiments commonly called evangelical, such as the atonement, regeneration, the spirltuid influences of the Holy Spirit, and future ret- ribution. But for preachers of other sentiments than those referred to, and for all other public occasions and uses what- ever, it cannot be opened except in the usual way, viz., by the committee or agent acting under tlie direction of the Congregational Society." It was also voted at this meeting that Joseph Eaton, George R. Skolficld, and George S. Dunning be a committee to take measures in regard to forming a new parish, whenever it should be thought expe- dient. At a meeting of the proprietors, held September 25th, George R. Skolficld, James Stover, and Daniel Randall were chosen a committee of arrangements for the dedica- tion. It was also voted " That we, the proprietors of the new meeting-house recently huilt on Harpswell Neck, do hereby convey and transfer to the Centre Congregational Parish in Harp.swell, when formed, all our right, title, and interest in and to said meeting-house, authorizing said par- ish to give deeds of conveyance to any persons who may purchase pews in said house, and to do such other acts as may be legally done by parishes in respect to meeting- houses." The Union meeting-house on Harpswell Neck was built in 1841, and was dedicated by the Universalists on the 21st of September of the same year. It is situated near the academy in North Harpswell. The Methodist church on Harpswell Neck was erected in 1854-55. Work upon the building was commenced in October, 1854, when there were but seven members in the society, which was then under the pastoral charge of Rev. George C. Crawford. Captains Norton Stover and Nathaniel Pinkham assumed the entire pecuniary responsi- bility. The building was dedicated May 17, 1855, and on that day pews were sold. The cost of the building was about $4000. The Orr's Island meeting-house, the first and only one ever built on that island, was erected in 1855, and is occu- pied one quarter of the time each by the Methodists, Free Baptists, Calviuist Baptists, and Congregationalists. The original owners were members of the three churches on Harpswell Neck. A Free Baptist Church was organized after the building was erected, and tlie above arrangement as to meetings was made. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. The earliest reference that has been found to any pro- vision for a school in Harpswell is the appropriation of £20 for that purpose by the town on May 9, 1759. Where a school was kept this year and by whom is nowhere stated. In May, 17G0, the town voted that each part of the Neck, and also the Island, should draw their proportionate part of the school money that was collected, and should hire mistresses.* s No reference occurs in the records of Brunswick or Topsham to the employment of any mistresses in the last century. TOWN OF HAKPSWELL. 311 At the annual meeting in 17G1, the town appropriated £20 for the support of a school, and instructed the select- men to provide one. In 17G2 the town voted to raise £20, as usual, for a school. At the May meeting in 1703, the town voted not to build a school-house near the meeting-house. The town also voted to pay James Booker £1 and 13s. for going to Falmouth, " the Place being Presented for want of a school." By reference to the records of the Court of General Ses- sions for Cumberland County, October term, 1762, it ap- pears that though the town had been presented, it was ex- cused from a fine by reason of the selectmen testifying that they had employed a man as teacher who had been taken sick and had consequently been unable to attend his duty. In 1705 the town voted to pay William Sylvester, Esq., £1 and lis. "for the charges that he paid on account of there being no school the last summer." At the annual meeting in March, 1771, the town voted to build three school-houses. It is not known exactly where these buildings were located, but in all probability one of them was on Great Sebascodigan Island and the other two on the Neck. In May, 1780, the town voted to raise £300 for the sup- port of schools. The difference between this sum and £20 seems extreme. It is undoubtedly due to the depreciation of the currency. In June, 1771, £15 was« LRtoTED 81 ISAAC PaRSONS IN 1752 ••4*"'-t«'U;;,„ ' . ^^- RESIDENCE OF CH/^S. p. HASKELL , New GLOUCESTER, Maine. OTIS C. NELSON, MRS. OTIS C. NELSON. ( PHOTOS BV W CURTIS LIWISIOM ML ) m iV:^ Rlsidlncl Of ot;s C nelson ,New Gloucester, Me. TOWN OF NEW GLOUCESTEK. 333 by the church as preachers, Jonathan K. Smith, 1809 ; Eobert II. Noyes, 1831 ; Charles II. Rowe, 1857; Edwin A. Wormwood, 1868; Howard C. Kowe, 1872. The fol- lowinn; have served as deacons : John Warren, David Nel- son, Isaac Gross, William Grover, Charles C. Haskell, Otis C. Gross, David Allen, Paine Merrill, Josiah Grover, Prentice C. Woodman, Sylvanus C. Rowe, Amasa Wharff, Daniel L. Tobie, Isaiah Nevins, Jacob Howe. Post clerks, Isaac Gross, Jabez Woodman, Otis C. Gross, Charles C. Haskell, Prentice C. Woodman, Sewall Gross. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. The Universalist doctrine began to exhibit soon after the arrival of Rev. John Murray, in 1770, but there was no attempt to " poll off"* until 1783, when Solomon Atwood, Nathaniel Bennett, Micah and John Webber, and others joined themselves together in forming a body which aided in outvoting the Established Church in 1786, and in 1789 were so numerous as to receive their share of the parish money. Rev. Thomas Barnes, the first Universalist min- ister settled in the State, followed his Gloucester, Mass., friends to their Eastern home in 1798, traveling and preach- ing until 1802, when he was ordained in Gray, January 6th, by Rev. Zebulon Streeter. Rev. Mr. Barnes continued to preach to them until the sickness which terminated his life in 1816. April 16, 1805, Jonathan Bennett, Jr., Isaac Blake, William Hatch, Joseph Pennell, Isaac Parsons, John and Robert Mayall, and 42 others, inhabitants of Gray, New Gloucester, Pejepscot and Poland, were incorporated as the First Universalist Society of Christians, of New Gloucester. Lieut. Robert Bayley was moderator of the first meeting ; Reuben Barnes was elected clerk, and Nathaniel Bennett treasurer. Through the exertions of their minister. Rev. Mr. Barnes, who was a member of the Legislature irom Poland, the burden of supporting a church with which they could not fellowship was removed from all denominations within the State. A building was erected at Gray Corners, in 1839, and dedicated in autumn by Rev. Zenas Thomson, and occupied about twenty years, after which it was sold to the Baptist society of that place. A church was organized in 1840, and 10 new members were baptized. The ministers have been Elbridge W. Locke, settled in 1839, and ordained in New Gloucester, in 1840; Elbridge Wellington was pastor 1841-43; David T. Stevens, 1841-49; and Rothens M. Byram, Hiram P. Osgood, Horace J. Bradbury, Poster, Amos Hitcliings, Wm. A. Drew, S. H. McAllister, Anson Titus, Jr., J. H. Weeks, D. L. R. Libby, S. 8. Fletcher, George G. Hamilton, 1876 to 1879. SCHOOLS. The first school-house in the town was built by the proprietors, in 1764. John Stinchfield, David IMillet, Ebenezer Mason, and Isaac Parsons were made school com- mittee, and Samson Colbey hired to teach school. Another * Persons wishing to withdraw from the parish in which they lived, and support the doctrine of their choice instead of the established one, were required to poll, or file their names on the town clerk's rec- ords, with proof of a public teacher or minister under whose teachings they already worshiped. This was termed polling olT from the parish. school-house was built near the mill, in 1778. In 1777 the school money was divided into four parts, and school kept in the house of Adam Cotton. £250 were appropriated in 1778. There were 5 districts in 1790. In 1803 the school lands were divided among 8 districts, but subsequently formed into a school fund, amounting to §4939.93, in 1815. In 1803, $600 were appropriated for a grammar school in four parts of the town. The district sy.stem was abolished in 1877, and the schools are managed by a committee of three, one of whom is elected each year. There are 1 1 school-houses in the town, valued at §5000. The number of school children in 1878 was 443, of whom 308 were registered on the school rolls. School Committee, 1879: Rev. J. G. Leavitt, Charles P. Haskell, George G. Pierce. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Russell, 1776 ; William Brigham, 1792 ; Benjamin H. Mace, 1827 ; Joel S. Stevens, 1828; Symoiids Baker, 1829; Timothy Little, J. D. Sturgis, A. Q. Marshall, and John I. Sturgis, 1879. LAWYERS. Hon. William Widgery, one of the most prominent men of his time, was first elected a representative to the General Court of Massachusetts, from 1787 to 1796 ; held the office of State Senator in 1794. He was a representative in the Twelfth Congress of the United States in 1810, where he voted for war in 1812 ; and was judge of the Court of Common Pleas until his death, in 1832. Ezekiel Whitman practiced law in New Gloucester from 1802 to 1817, when he removed to Portland, and became chief justice of the Supreme Court of Maine. A. K. Paris and Josiah W. Mitchell read law in his office while here. Nathan Weston, late judge of the Supreme Court, came in 1806; removed in 1809. Gen. Samuel Fessenden began practice here in 1809, and remained eight years. Peleg Chandler, a .student in his office here, became judge of the Court of Se.ssions in 1809, and afterwards moved to Augusta; he died in 1848. William Bradbury was an early lawyer. SOCIETIES. FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. Camherland Lodgi;, No. 12. — The charter of this, the third lodge of Masons organized in Cumberland County, bears the date of June 13, A.D. 1803, and is signed by Isaiah Thomas, M. W. G. M., and John Proctor, G. Sec. of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. At the first meeting, held Aug. 2, A.L. 5803, the following were installed officers : R. W. Ezekiel Whitman, Master ; Joseph E. Fo.xcroft, S. W. ; Nathaniel Jcnks, J. W. ; Peleg Chandler, Jr., Sec. ; Na- thaniel C. Allen, Treas. ; Samuel Sweet, S. D. ; Israel Smith, J. D. Samuel Pingree, Thomas B. Stinchfield, and Rev. Jabez Woodman were initiated in November, 1803. A orand installation of a full list of officers took place at the Congregational meeting-house, September 24th, 37 visiting Masons being present. An address was delivered by Rev. Daniel Weston, a Mason, of Gray. Three of this lodge — Simeon Greenleaf, Samuel Fessenden, and Jabez True— have been Grand Masters of Maine. During the auti-Masouic 334 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. movement, from April 25, 1831, to Jan. 11, 1844, there was no labor in this lodge recorded. A building and hall was erected by them, in 1852, at Upper Gloucester. Contribu- tions have been made to the militia and the Bible Society of Maine, besides their own charities. Officers: Dr. John I. Sturgis, W. M. ; John D. Anderson, S. W. ; Wm. A. Knight, J. W. ; George H. Goding, Sec. INDEPENDENT ORDER OB' GOOD TEMPL,.\RS. Kiiiffsljiir^ Lodge, No. 24, instituted Dec. 18, 1877, with 34 members. Officers : Charles F. Harris, W. C. T. ; Mrs. E. M. Morgan, W. V. T. ; B. B. Legare, Chap. ; John M. Lane, W. Sec. ; Frank H. Merrill, W. F. Sec. ; Mrs. A. D. Merrill, W. Treas. ; Laurentus Lane, W. Blar. ; H. L. P. Eveleth, P. W. C. T. MILITARY. SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION. John K. Smith, enlisted June 12, 1775 •, was in the re- inforcement at Bunker Hill ; at Ticonderoga in 1777 ; made lieutenant and adjutant of Col. Titcomb's Massachusetts regiment ; participated in the capture of Burgoyne ; win- tered at Valley Forge, under Washington ; fought at Mon- mouth, in command of his regiment; discharged, after eight years and seven months' service, in 1783. Aaron Bird, served yi Maj.-Gen. Heath's division, and was enrolled as lieutenant in Shays' Rebellion. Zachariah Fletcher. William Widgery, lieutenant of privateer under Capt. Nathaniel Thomp.son. Capt. Benjamin Hammond, killed at Ticonderoga. Thomas Millctt, Jr. Benjamin Hammond, Stinchfield, Mathews, spies, captured in Canada and released by a woman. Capt. Isaac Parsons' company, mustered into service in May, 1776, for eight months' service in Col. Prime's regi- ment, under Brig.-Gen. Wadsworth. First lieutenant, Ichabod Hanson ; second lieutenant, George Roberts. Drummer : Peter Smith. Sergeants: Benjamin Haskell, Josiah Wallace, Benjamin Trott, Asa Libby. Corporals: Moses Harris, Jacob Brown, Walter Simon- ton, William True. Privates: John Bayley, John Chandler, Nathaniel Chase, Ephraiui Chamberlain, Joshua Clark, Philemon Collins, Abraham Cleaves, James Chute, Samuel Crockett, Henry Dyer, Paul Dyer, Joiin W. Davis, Isaac Eveleth, Jacob Elliott, Isaac Foster, Edward Flint, George Hayes, Jere- miah Hanson, Benjamin Herring, Jonathan Hayden, Eze- kiel Hackctt, Andrew Jordan, George Knight, Joshua Lane, Samuel Lord, James Leavitt, Thomas Mitchell, James Mitchell, Thomas Mayberry, Levi Morse, Ebenezer Mason, John\^Ieg(juier, Eleazer Parsons, Ephraim Stinch- field, James Stevens, Enoch Slrout, Micah Small, Elisha Small, George Strout, Samuel Tobin, Barnabas Winslow, John Winship, Zebulon York. WAR OF 1812. Lieut. Thomas Johnson, Jr., served under Generals Hampton and McComb. MILITIA. Two companies of infantry, one of riflemen, one of cav- alry, and one of artillery have been formed in this town. In the days of the Revolution, even boys were made to train with the bow and arrow. Among the militia officers have been, — Generals: Nathaniel C. Allen, brigadier-general, 1778; Samuel Fessenden, major-general ; Charles Megquier, 1842 ; Otis C. Gross. Colonels: Moses Merrill, 1778; Joseph E. Foseroft, 1813; Isaac Parsons, John Webber, 1814. Majors: Nathaniel Eveleth, Samuel Pierce, Solomon H. Chandler, Otis Nelson, Richard Tobie, Job White. Captains: William Harris, 1774; Jacob Haskell, Jr., John Woodman, 1791 ; Nathaniel Eveleth, 1792 ; Bildad Arnold, 1794; Jabez Cushman, 1801; Thomas Johnson, 1813 ; Jonathan True, Walter Johnson, 1818 ; Moses Stinchfield, 1825; Peletiah Lyon, William Haskell, Rev. Elisha Moseley, chaplain, 1806. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH B. HAMMOND, son of George and Martha (Baker) Hammond, of New Gloucester, was born April 8, 1825. He is the third in a family of ten children, five of whom are now living. His father, born March 11, 1797, was one of the leading representative men of the town. At the age of eighty lie was as active as a young man. He was killed by the cars, near Lewiston, in March, 1877. He, Jo.seph B., received his education in the common schools of New Gloucester, supplemented by one term at the academy at Lewiston Falls. By his first marriage he had eight children. For his present wife he married Catherine Hobart, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Eastman, of Dennysville, Me. After his first marriage he moved to Bethel, Me., and engaged in the lumbering business, where he remained for six years. In 1861 he enlisted in the 5th Maine Regiment of In- fantry, and after serving a few months was discharged on account of sickness. In 1863 he removed to New Glou- cester and settled on the David Eveleth farm. In the spring of 1864 he recruited a company for the 32d Maine Vol- unteer Infantry, of which he was lieutenant, and in April he started for the front in charge of a battalion of si.^ companies of this regiment, which was attached to Burn- side's corps of the Army of the Potomac. He was in active service in the battles of the Wilderness and Spott- sylvania. He received the first promotion in the regiment — to the rank of captain. He served till October of that year, when his health again failed, and he again resigned. He went to Lew- iston, where he lived three years. He then returned to New Gloucester and purchased the old homestead where he now resides, a view of which may be seen elsewhere in this work. In politics he has always been a Republican, but was never an office-seeker. Both he and his wife are consistent church members. a^y-Cy, y^A 6rxL(yy^ U TOWN OP NEW GLOUCESTER. 335 JOSEPH E. FOXCROFT* is a descendant in the sixth generation from Daniel Fox- croft, who was born in England, and was mayor of Leeds, A.D. 1G66, and was a descendant of Robert Foxcroft, a resi- dent at Foxcroft-shire, in 1327, during the reign of King ]<]dward IIL Francis, son of Daniel, born Nov. 13, 1657, settled in Boston, Mass., as a merchant; married, Oct. 3, 1G82, Elizabeth, daughter of Judge and Deputy-Governor Thomas Danforth, of Cambridge, Mass. He held a colonel's commission, and was judge of probate. He removed to Cambridge, where he died Dec. 31, 1727. He was pious, and of the faith of the Church of England. Joseph E. Foxcroft was born in New Gloucester, March 10, 1773 ; married. May 3, 1801, Hannah, daughter of Ben- jamin Stone, of Brunswick. His ancestral line, stretching back unbroken to 1327, is dotted all the way down by pious and worthy names, — names known and honored by England's kings and England's people before the continent of America was fairly discovered. Not to go farther back, we find his grandfather. Rev. Thomas Foxcroft, for many years a highly useful and reputable minister of the First Church in Boston. His father, Samuel Foxcroft, was the first and worthy pastor of the Congregational Church in New Gloucester, where he settled in the ministry, in Janu- ary, 1765, an educated and elevated, also a truly pious and godly man. The son, Joseph E., was not unworthy of his ancestors. While yet a young man we find him o'er- marching the bounds of ordinary business, purchasing a township of land in the wilderness, his only access to it being on foot, finding his way by compass and spotted trees. Bowdoin College, of which he purchased, imposed as a condition the settlement of twenty-four families within a given period. By his efficiency and good management the families were secured and the town.ship became his. The population increased ; they sought incorporation ; and, not because he was chief owner, but especially because of the esteem in which the inhabitants held him, they petitioned that the town should bear his name, so that witii the pleas- ant and flourishing town of Foxcroft, in this State, his name will probably be associated to the end of time. Though not then a professed disciple of the Saviour, yet the early in- habitants of the town were incited and encouraged by him to meet together for religious worship on the Sabbath, and hymn and sermon-books were presented by him for their use. Without a doubt, to his example and influence the early establishment of the institutions of religion in Fox- croft may be greatly traced. He generously set apart three lots of land, one for the first minister, one for the ministry, and one for schools. In 1807 he was chosen to represent his native town to the General Court at Boston, which duty he performed so creditably to himself and to his constituents that, for the last six years of Maine's provincial connection with Massachusetts, he was re-elected without intermission. When Maine had become an independent State he was chosen a member of the convention for drafting a constitu- tion and laying the foundation of its laws as a body politic. In 1821 he was appointed high sherifl" of the county (Cura- * Samuel,* Rev. Thomas,* Francis,^ Daniel,^ Daniel,^ who was a descendant of Robert in the twelfth generation. berland), which office he held for a longer period than any other man has ever done, and he filled it with dignity and uni- versal acceptance. He was repeatedly cho.scn a member of the State Senate. Appointed postmaster in 1806, he held the office till 1841, and from youth until old age he filled offices of trust in his native town. He seemed always to guard the interests of the town as if they had been his own per- sonal concern. It is truth to .say that, whether a young man engaged in rescuing primeval wilderness from the do- minion of the lords of the forest, and peopling them with the abodes of civilization and Christianity, or filling one of the first offices in the county, or legislating for the interests of his native town in the mother State, or, after Maine had become a Slate, laying the foundation of her laws and policy, or still later sitting among her senators, we find him dis- charging all these duties with assiduity and faithfulness, and filling all these offices without reproach. Mr. Foxcroft was for several years a member of the Con- gregational Church at New Gloucester, and a liberal sup- porter of the .«arae. As a man he was honest, upright, and truthful ; genial and courteous, he ever bore about him a halo of joyousuess that reflected the sunshine of a hapi)y disposition wherever he went. As a neighbor he was kind and obliging even to a fault ; as a citizen he was public- spirited, charitable, and benevolent ; as a husband and father he was faithful, constant, kind, and affl'ctionate. His wife, born Oct. 12, 1776, died Feb. 28, 1806, leaving two children, viz.: Samuel, born Aug. 1, 1802 (married Salome, daughter of Caleb and Judith Haskell, of New Gloucester. They have one child, Abbie Stone, born Dec. 16, 1857), and Hannah, born June 19, 1804 (married Samuel E. Crocker, of Portland, whose son, Samuel R. Crocker, established the Liierury Wuild, of Boston). For his second wife he married Abigail, daughter of Abijah and Mary Hammond, of Boston. The result of this union was an only daughter, Abigail Catherine Mary Foxcroft, born July 23, 1812, and who now resides upon the old homestead, a view of which may be seen in this work, and was the first two-story house built in the town, and has been known as the Foxcroft homestead for mure than a century. JOHN MORGAN, son of John M. and grandson of Luke Morgan, was born in the town of New Gloucester, Aug. 8, 1789. In 1779, Luke Morgan, a native of Gloucester, Cape Ann, Mass., with his family of three children, John M., Sarah, and Martha, settled on a farm in New Gloucester. John M., born April 20, 1765, reared a family of seven children, viz., John, Mary, Sarah, Luke, Lydia, Susan, and Martha ; all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. None of these children are now living, except the subject of this sketch. John JL married Sarah Tarbox, of New Gloucester; she was born Aug. 28, 1763, and died April 17, 1863, aged nearly one hundred years. He died in 1842, aged seventy- seven years. John spent his youth on the farm and in the common school. 336 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. On Feb. 5, 1818, he married Surah, daughter of Kim- ball and Sarah (Pearse) Ramsdell, of New Gloucester. She was born Nov. 18, 1791. The result of this union was; Mary, born Jan. 21,1819, married Samuel 0. Cobb, of New Gloucester; Elizabeth P., born Oct. 15, 1820, died Nov. PI... to. l.y CciKint. JOHN MORGAN. 5, 1842; Harriet K., born July 19, 1822; Charles M., born Dec. 10, 1824, married Mary E. Locke, of Wood- stock, Me. ; Elisha M., born Oct. 28, 182G ; John F.,born Sept. 24, 1829, now a Congregational minister in Portland. Mr. Morgan remained on his father's farm till he was twenty-nine years of age, when he purchased a part of the farm where he now resides, and which has for the past thirty years been carried on by his son, P^iisha M. Morgan. In politics he was first a Whig, and afterwards a Republican. Both he and his wife are members of the Congregational Church of New Gloucester, of which he was a deacon for six years. OTIS C. NELSON. Thomas Nelson, the emigrant, born in England in 1613, settled in Rowley, Mass., in 1631, and died there, 1702. His descendant, David, came from Milford, Mass., about the year 1787, and settled in New Gloucester, Me., on the farm now owned by his grandson, Otis C. Nelson. He was a prominent and worthy citizen, and one of the organ- izers of the Calvinist Baptist Church of that town in 1818, and familiarly known as Deacon Nelson. He was a man of great hospitality, and especially so during the early history of the country, when tlie stranger and missionary always found a welcome to his home. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was at West Point at the time of Arnold's treasonable act. He was a representative in the General Court of Massachusetts, 1812-15, and was a captain in tlie old State militia. He is said to have erected the first brick house in the town, a view of which, with the modern improvements and spacious buildings, erected by the present owner, may be seen on another page of this work. He died April 14, 1836. Otis Nel- son, his son, born 1795, married first Lois G. Raymond, of New Gloucester, Aug. 30, 1818. Ho resided in Minnt, Androscoggin Co., for seventeen years, and was prominently identified with that town. He afterwards returned to the old homestead, where he resided during thp remainder of his life. He was a selectman for many years in New Gloucester; was ranked as major in the old State militia; and was an active member of the old Whig party, and afterwards of the Republican. He died Sept. 15, 1861. His wife died July 11, 1853, having been born Feb. 26, 1798. Their children are, viz., Abigail R., Edwin N., Otis C, Charles H., and Persis T. Otis C. Nelson was born in the town of Minot, Jan. 29, 1826. He received his education in the common school and at the Lewiston Academy, and was a teacher for seven winter terms. In 1848, February 14th, he married Martha Whitney. She died Nov. 3, 1853. In 1849 he went to California, where he spent seven years in the mines. Re- turning to the old homestead in New Gloucester, in 1858, January 31st, he married Julie, daughter of Hanson Bailey, of Now Gloucester. Of tliis union were born three chil- dren, — Lilian F , Charles H., and George B. Mr. Nelson is a representative fanner and fruit-grower, a man of untiring indu.stry and resolution, and a man of acknowledged good judgment and executive ability. He carries on quite largely on his farm the manufacture of cider-vinegar, making several hundred barrels of cider and vinegar every year. This business, begun by his fotlier forty years ago, he continues. He was formerly a Whig, then a Republican, and in 1863 became a member of the Democratic party. He has been chairman of the board of selectmen of New Gloucester for ten years past, was postmaster of the town in 1849, appointed by Post- master-General Cave Johnston. He was in the State Legislature in 1865, and was a member of the committee on the division of counties. In 1876 he was again a member of the State Legislature, and was placed on the committee on agriculture. He has been a candidate for county ofiices and for State senator, but his party being in the minority, he failed of election. CHARLES P. HASKELL is a lineal descendant in the fifth generation from Jacob Haskell, who came from Cape Ann, and was the first set- tler of this branch of the Haskell family in New Glouces- ter, Cumberland Co., Me. His grandfather, Peter Haskell, when quite young, came with his parents from Cape Ann, where he was born, to New Gloucester. Hi.s father, Peter Haskell, born in New Gloucester, Jan. 10, 1797, married Sally Pulsiver, of Poland, Me., April 1, 1823. She died Sept. 30, 1831, leaving four children, — JIary Parsons, Lucy Lufkin, Jacob Ward, and Ezekiel Whitman. For his second wife he married, Dec. 16, 1832, Betsey Ilawes, born in Wellfleet, Cape Cod, March 5, 1806, and who came to New Gloucester with her parents wiicn a little past two years of age. The children of this union were Charles Peter, subject of this narrative, and Thomas Hawes. Peter //, C-'/C^--»-'-<^<^<^!^<^-'*-^' TOWN OF NEW GLOUCESTER. 837 Haskell, while a lad of twenty-two years, went to live with Col. Isaac Parsons, and resided on the Parsons farm during his life. He was known in New Gloucester as a worthy citizen and a man of sterling integrity. In politics he was a Whig, and subsequently a Republican. He was captain of a company of the old State militia ; was officially con- nected with his town, and in 1845 was a member of the State Legislature. He died May 6, 1878. Charles Peter Haskell, born March 8, 1835, spent his minority on the farm where he has since resided. His education from books was confined to the common school. He married, March 5, 1868, Helen M., daughter of Hezekiah Crockett, whose father, Enoch Crockett, was the first of the family that settled in the town of Gorham. She was born March 22, 1841. Their children are Mary Cross, Eugene Mau- rice, Fanny Crockett, and Frederick Peter. Mr. Haskell's occupation has been farming and lumber- ing. In early manhood he became an active and interested citizen in the local affiiirs of his town, and has filled the various offices of selectman, member of the superintending school committee, and moderator at town-meetings for .sev- eral years. He was appointed by Postmaster-General Montgomery Blair, postmaster at New Gloucester, which office he held for nine years. He cast his first vote the year of the organization of the Republican party, and sup- ported the Republican platform until 1872, when he strongly advocated the election of Horace Greeley, since which time he has been identified with the Democratic party. A view of his residence, formerly the residence of Col. Isaac Parsons, settled in 1760, may be seen on an- other page of this work. MAJOR SOLOMON H. CHANDLER. Edmund Chandler, the first of the family in New Eng- land, was of English birth, and is supposed to have come to America about 1630, as he resided at Duxbury, Mass., in 1633. Peleg Chandler, a lineal descendant of Edmund, born April 27, 1735, married Sarah Winslow at North Yar- mouth, Dec. 9, 1762, and settled in New Gloucester, Me., in 1764. He was one of eight who organized the Congre- gational and First Church in New Gloucester. He was one of the pioneers of the town. He was a man of strong force of character, of sterling integrity, and a well-balanced mind. He was a member of the General Court of Massachusetts from New Gloucester. Among his descendants are Hon. P. W. Chandler and Theophilus Chandler, prominent mem- bers of the Suffolk bar, Boston, and the late Charles Chand- ler, a leading member of the Piscataquis bar for many years. Philip, son of Peleg, born in New Gloucester, May 23, 1767, married Deborah Hewitt, a lady of high moral worth and great hospitality, and died Nov. 15, 1823. He settled the farm now owned by his grandson, Andrew C. Chandler. Their children were Solomon H. (subject of this sketch),. George W., Mrs. Gen. Samuel Fessenden, Mrs. Freedom Keith, Mrs. William Meserve, and Mrs. Joseph Cross, and four other children, who died young. 43 Solomon Hewitt, son of Philip Chandler, born in the town of New Gloucester, Nov. 21, 1790, married, Feb. 3, 1825, Sally, daughter of Andrew and Lydia (Hewitt) Campbell, and granddaughter of Andrew and Sarah (Ar- cher) Campbell, of New Gloucester. His wife, Sally Campbell, was a lady of high moral worth, and, although delicate in health from early womanhood, her great work was in the moral training of her children, and in her model, exemplary ways before the world. Andrew Campbell, the first settler of the Campbell family in Cumberland County, was of Scotch descent, born in Salem, Mass., Feb. 7, 1744 ; married Sarah Archer, Aug. 1, 1779. She was born also in Salem, Oct. 20, 1748. Their children were Andrew and Mrs. Samuel Merrill. Andrew married Lydia Hewitt, Jan. 28, 1796. She was known for her excellent womanly qualities, and sympathy and charity for the needy. She had a vigorous constitution and strength of moral character, and lived respected by all who knew her. Her father, Capt. Solomon Hewitt, fol- lowed the sea for many years ; was a man of a remarkably robust constitution, resolution, and force of character. Solomon H. Campbell, son of Andrew and Lydia Campbell, was a man of rare financial ability, shrewd in the management of his own affiiirs, and equally careful of those intrusted to his care. His sound judgment and strict integrity were acknowledged by all who came in contact with him. He died in New Gloucester, Aug. 20, 1870, aged fifty-nine. Solomon H. Chandler spent his boyhood on the farm and at school, and although his educational opportunities were limited, he was a successful teacher for some three terms. Upon reaching his majority, unassisted pecuniarily, he started in life to carve out a fortune for himself; and his native energy, his resolution to carry to a successful completion whatever he undertook, his indomitable perse- verance, economy, and good judgment, so developed in early manhood, characterized his whole life, and gave him rank among the best financiers of Cumberland County. At the age of twenty-four he began business as a country merchant at New Gloucester, where, by prudent manage- ment, he for many years carried on business successfully, and laid the foundation for his future opulence. In 1837 he gave up his mercantile trade, and gave his attention to fiirming and general business, residing upon the old homestead after his father's death. He engaged quite largely in real-estate operations for many years, giving employment to a great number of men, and at the time of his decease he owned some two thousand acres of land in his native town. He possessed that strong force of character that com- mands the confidence of the public, and seemed able to comprehend future results arising from present business enterprises. Originally a Whig, he became a Republican upon the formation of that party in 1856. He always de- clined the emoluments of office and any political prefer- ment, although often solicited to represent his town in the State Legislature, preferring the quiet and independence of a business life. As a citizen, he was interested in the local affairs of his town and county, and for a time was selectman of Now 338 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Gloucester. In the old State militia he took an active part, and ranked as major, by which title he was usually called. He was one of the original stockholders of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad, and director for many years ; an original stockholder and director of the Androscoggin and Kennebec, and a stockholder of the Kennebec and Penob- scot Railroads. In these relations he was far-seeing, and his quick perception and rare financial ability were recog- nized in their judicious management. He resided during his whole life in the town of his birth, and died Oct. 28, 1858. His wife died Oct. 7, 1837. Their eldest son, Solomon Hewitt, died Nov. 17, 1825. Two sons are living : Solomon Hewitt, born June 5, 1828, and Andrew C, born July 30, 1830, married, Jan. 4, 1854, Catherine C. Cunningham, of St. Stephens, N. B. ; of which union have been born four sons, viz., Andrew C, Charles Peleg, Fred. H., and Roland C. Chandler. A. C. Chandler, Jr., was married Dec. 25, 1878, to Miss Cora E. Bean, of Readfield, Me. WINTHROP TRUE, a descendant of Henry True, who came from England and settled in Salem, Mass., in 1G32, and whose ancestor set- tled in New Gloucester in 1760, is the son of Moses and Martha (Pierce) True, and was born in New Gloucester Oct. 20, 1812. Moses, born in North Yarmouth June 15, 1790, and Martha in New Gloucester Aug. 3, 1788, reared a fiimily of nine children, as follows : Winthrop, Moses, Elbridge, Nathan 0., Calvin S., Martha P., Lewis P., Wil- liam P., and Jabez, — all living but Winthrop and Moses. Winthrop spent his boyhood on his father's farm and in the common schools of his native town. On Dec. 13, 1842, he married Ophelia T., daughter of John and Lucy Gooding, of Pownai, Me. She was born Sept. 17, 1814. The children of this union were Lucy P]., born Jan. 1(5, 1846, married, Nov. 9, 1867, John Cunningham (they have one child, Alice W., born Aug. 18, 1868) ; John W., born Aug. 4, 1848, married, July 17, 1873, Caroline, daughter of Horace and Sarah Murdock, of Springfield, Ma.ss. (their children are Albert D., born Dec. 6, 1874, and Bertha 0., born June 13, 1877) ; and Anna T., born July 29, 1850, married, Nov. 18, 1877, Elisha C. New- comb, of Portland. Photo, by Conant. Mr. True was a tiller of the soil, and deemed it the highest honor and pleasure. In that and in the educa- tion and advancement of his family he spent his life. In politics he was a Republican, but was never an office- seeker. Both he and his wife were for several years con- sistent members of the Congregational Church of New Gloucester. He died Sept. 9, 1874, aged sixty-two. Mrs. True survives to mourn his loss, but her bereave- ment is tempered by the consciousness of his upright life and the high esteem and confidence reposed in him by all who knew him. Tiayi Kl©B!«)liTiiaE), ©MKIIE© B'y iD. W. TKUE m im&. POLAND, MAINE. NORTH YARMOUTH. ORIGINAL BOUNDARIES. The boundaries of Nortli Yarmouth originally extended from the white rock adjoining Falmouth northwest eight miles ; thence northeast about eleven miles, until intersected by a line running northwest from the mouth of Bungonung River, and from the white rock and the mouth of Royal River southeast to the sea. It will be .seen that these lines included Mare Pointy Merriconeag Neek, Sebascodegan, a large number of lesser islands, and Cape Small Point at the mouth of the Kennebec River. Mare Point was set off to Brunswick in 1739, Small Point to Georgetown in 1741, and Merriconeag Neck and the islands adjacent were incor- porated in the town of Harpswell, Jan. 25, 1758. In this act one island lying south of Great Island was omitted through a mistake, and it has ever since borne the name of North Yarmouth Island, from the town to which it origi- nally belonged. At a later period it was annexed to Harps- well. The township of North Yarmouth — originally called Wes- custoffo, the Indian name of Royal River — was granted] to Joseph Phippen and others in 1680; the same year it was incorporated as a town and its name changed to North Yarmouth, probably from Yarmouth in England. The Danforth government had then come into power, and President Danforth, acting under authority of Massachu- setts, came to Falmouth to aid in the resettlement of the towns which had been destroyed by King Philip's war. While at Fort Loyal, in the discharge of this duty, he incorporated North Yarmouth, adding somewhat to its dimensions on the west .side, as the following act will show : " Fort Loyal, in Falmouth, 22cl Sept., 1680. " For the further Inlargemcnt and Incourageraent to the settlement of the township, by the Governor and Company of the Massechusetts, on the easterly side of "Wescustogo River, on Casco Bay : It is hereby granted unto tbem that the waste lands lying between the said grant and Falmouth shall be added to the township, and also an island lying between the sea and said township, called New Dameras Cove. '* It is also hereby ordered and declared that the name of the said plantation shall be North Yarmouth. ■'Thomas Danforth, /'reaideiil." FIRST SETTLEMENT. Within the boundaries of this territory a number of set- tlers had establi.shed themselves from thirty to forty years before King Philip's war. Willis mentions the names of " John Cousins, near the mouth of Royall's River; Thomas Haines, at Maquoit ; James Lane, on the east side of Cousins' River; Richard Bray, on Maine's Point, in North Yarmouth ; John Maine, at the same place ; James Parker, on the Kennebec River, or its neighborhood ; William Royall, on the east side of Royall's River, near its mouth ; and John Soars, probably on one of the islands. Besides these there were Hugh Mosier, Thomas Morris, and Thomas Wise, who lived somewhere in the Bay, but at what particu- lar place we are unable to determine, probably in North Yarmouth." Mr. Russell, in his history of North Yarmouth, mentions George Felt as the first settler in 1G43, at the place where he built his stone garrison* (Deacon Scales' place), unless John Phillips, of whom he bought his land, was there earlier, which is uncertain. Willis mentions John Phillips as living on the '• west side of Prcsumpscot River" prior to 1658, where he bought 50 acres on the lower falls, "be- tween said iniU falls and Richard Martin's land," of George Cleaves, Aug. 10, 1675, and adds, " He had previously lived on Broad Bay, in North Yarmouth, on a place which he sold before 1643 to George Felt." Phillips undoubtedly lived there prior to the date mentioned, but he was probably not the first settler. Willis says, " William Royall, the first of the family in this country, was settled in Casco Bay as early as 1636, and is probably the same person who is mentioned in a letter from the Governor of the New Eng- land Company to Endicott (1 Haz. 265) as having been sent over to him in 1629. He was a ' cooper and cleaver.' In 1643 he purchased of Thomas Gorges the point of land on the east side of the river which bears his name, and on which he then lived." This agrees with a deposition made by John Royal, a son of William, in Boston, July 16, 1688, in which he states that his father had occupied the land "forty years," /.e., till the time he left it at the com- mencement of King Philip's war. William Royal was one of the leading men of the first period of settlement in Maine. He was a member of the General Assembly of the Province in 1648. In 1673 he conveyed to his sons, William and John, his land and buildings on Wescustogo River, in consideration of support for himself and his wife Phebe.f His son John married Eliza Dodd, granddaughter of Nicholas Davis, of York, and was living there in June, 1680. His son William was born in 1640, and died Nov. 7, 1724, in his eighty-fifth year. Hon. Isaac Royal, son of the second William, was born in 1672, resided in Antigua nearly forty years, returned in 1737, and died June 17, 1739. John, son of the first William, was taken prisoner by the Indians. His house was used as a garrison by order of Col. Tyng and Judge Stoughton. The first William Loyal was the man after whom Fort Loyall, in Falmouth, was named. He was one « The stone garrison referred to stood on Scales' I'oint (honu'-lot.< 56 and 57), in what is now Cumberland. It was not built by (Jcurge Felt, but by John Phillips, previous to his sale to Felt. See history of Cumberland, in this work. t William Royal died at Dorchester, .tune Mk 1676; his wi. low died July 16, ie-8. 339 340 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. of the committee appointed by the General Assembly of Ligonia, to whom was referred the petition of Robert Jor- dan respecting the Trelawny estate, Dec. 18, 1648. In 1645, John Cousins lived on the neck of land which divides the branches of Cousin River, and owned also Cousins' Island. Cousins sold half of the island to William Bray, in 1647, and in 1651, James Lane, of Gloucester, moved to the farm now owned by W. Fogg, in Freeport, and gave his name to the island at the mouth of the river. John Maine lived on the Foreside, at the point which still retains his name, in 1652. John Holman, in 1670, lived on Holraan's, now Prince's, Point. In 1674, Walter Geu- dall and Harry Saward built the first saw-mill at the lower falls. Gendall lived next the Falmouth line ; Thomas Blash- field lived on the farm of the late Richmond Loring ; Ben- jamin Larrabee, on the Deacon Halpes' place; Amos Stevens, who married the daughter of William Royal, lived on Wolf Point ; Thomas Reading, on the east side of Cousin River, and west of Lane's farm, and William Haines on Pine, now called Flying Point. These were probably all the settlers of the first settlement previous to the Indian war of 1675,* or King Philip's war, during which the .settlements were completely broken up, and the settlers compelled to fly from their homes. The mill was burnt, and probably most of the houses, and the settlement remained deserted till after the peace of 1678, when the inhabitants began to return, and measures were taken for the resettlement and organization of the town. We have already given an account of the incorporation in 1680, and the grant of the township that year to Joseph Phippen and others. We have no means of learning much about these grantees. Mr. Phippen was admitted an in- habitant of Falmouth as early as 1650. Mr. Willis says he probably came from Boston. He bought land of Robert Jordan in the northern part of Cape Elizabeth, where he was living, on the south side of Long Creek, in 1680. In 1662 he was a commissioner, with George Cleaves, for Fal- mouth and Scarborough, and was approved by the General Court. The records commence with an order relative to the set- tlement of the town, dated July 13, 1681, signed by Bar- tholomew Gedney, Joshua Scottow, Silvanus Davis, and Walter Gendall, a committee " Impowered to order and regulate the settlement of a township granted by the Gov- ernor and Company of the Colony of Massachusetts, Propri- etors of the Province of Maine, on the northerly part of Casco Bay, formerly called Wescustogo, and now named North Yarmouth." The members of this committee were widely scattered. Bartholomew Gedney was a land-specula- tor of Salem, a physician, and judge of a court called to take immediate action against those charged with witch- * Since writing the above we find that Moses Felt was a resident of North Yarmouth in Ifilid. He says, in a deposition made in Boston, Mny 10, 17.3.'!, that llonry Sawyer built a saw-mill "upon the lower- most falls on the cast side of the river," before the first Indian war, *' which was possessed by said Sawyer till they removed from thence in the first war." Moses was a bruthtr of George Felt. Ho says in his deposition that George Felt, Francis Neal, and Jenkin Williams bought a large tract of land of the Indians on the Prcsumpseot River, part of it adjoining the lower falls, but never made any improvement on it. craft ; Capt. Joshua Scottow was a principal man in Scar- borough ; Capt. Silvanus Davis was an enterprising citizen of Falmouth ; and Capt. Walter Gendall was then a resident of this town. He was its first representative to the Gen- eral Assembly, held at York, in 1683. In laying out the town the committee determined that the place of building should be " on the land commonly called Maine's Point, to be ordered so in the laying out as to be compact and most capable of defense : it being under- stood that Maine's Point includes that whole neck of land where John Maine and John Holman formerly dwelt." They laid out " 10 acres of plain land in a square lot, for a meeting-house, burial-place, minister's house-lot, market- place, and school." Around this 10-acre lot a street was laid out four rods wide, and on this street were house-lots of half an acre each, and in some convenient place a com- mon field equal to 6 acres to each house-lot." Any two of the committee, with the selectmen, were authorized to grant lands " to such as they should entertain as inhabitants." A committee was appointed to procure a minister. A grant of land was made to Walter Gendall of 200 acres near the Falmouth boundary, •' and George Peirson was appointed recorder to the town of North Yarmouth, aforesaid." The town was formed in this compact little square, cal- culated for 24 house-lots, so as to be more easily defended from the attacks of the Indians. In July, 1681, John Royal, John York, John Harris, and Walter Gendall were appointed trustees to parcel out the land of the town to inhabitants. We .shall not attempt to follow the various grants made from time to time, as it would be impossible to do so with even an approximate degree of completeness. The records for many years are wanting, and besides, our space must be devoted to a mere summary view of the town history. In 1688 the town was again destroyed by another Indian war. Capt. Gendall and others were killed ; all the inhab- itants, amounting to 36 families, were compelled to abandon their homes, which they had gained at great cost and sacri- fice, to the merciless savages. Three houses and two barns belonging to Capt. Gendall were burnt, and also the saw- mill and grist-mill built by him. He was at that time the most enterprising and wealthy of the settlers. After the destruction of the town, nineteen years of war with the Indians and of uncertainty intervened before any attempt was made at resettlement. The saw-mill was re- built previous to 1719 by Nathaniel Weare, of Hampton. In May, 1722, upon petition of the inhabitants and others interested in lands in the town, the General Court apjiointed William Tailer, Elisha Cook, William Dudley, John Smith, and John Powell " a committee to regulate the settlement and manage the prudentials of the town for present." An honorable committee it was, t0, 1791, cho.se Zachariah Leach clerk, and appointed regular conference meetings for the future. In response to a re(iuest made by this society, Zachariah Leach was ordained Nov. 6, 1794, and entered immediately upon his duties, baptizing his first convert, Jeremiah Hayden, November 23d. A great revival oc- curred in 1798, including John Brown, Eliot I'lummer, and many others. Two meeting-houses were begun in 1801 : one upon the height between John Maxfield's barn and John Mitchell's, now Casco, and one in the angle of the road leading from Zachariah Leach and John Small's to Portland, now the site of the cemetery on Raymond Hill. In 1804, Elijah Nash and Jeremiah Hayden were ap- pointed deacons, and Isaac Barton, clerk. Revival meetings were vigorously conducted in 1805, 1808, 1809, and 1815, the converts proceeding from the meeting to the water, where they were iiumediately baptized, or were baptized duriiig meetings, which were also held beside the ponds. In accordance with the requirements of the grant, to settle a learned Protestant minister. Rev. Mr. Leach was elected the first minister of Rayiuond, in 1817, and thereby re- ceived the ministerial lot, reserved by the Commonwealth. This he transferred to the school fund, two years after. Rev. Zachariah Jordan was ordained in 1818. Elder Leach was pastor until his death, Nov. 3, 1841. p]lder Josiah Kcene became pastor in 1 845 ; Lowell Parker, 1846; William Chase, 1851 ; D. A. Maddox, 1853; Elder Brackett, 1854; Elder Henson, John Pinkham, J. S. Pot- ter, 1867-70 ; Urial Chase, 1871-74. Jeremiah H;iydin was licensed 1851, L. D. Strout, 1854. Deacons. — Elijah Nash, 1794-1849; John Jordan, 1844; John Nash, 1851 ; John Rolf, 1858; Levi Jordan, 1875-79 ; Charles Butters, 1875-79. Clerks. — Z. Leach, 1791; Joseph Symonds, 1824-33; Thomas Jordan, John Rolf, Francis Small, to 1866 ; James Austin, to 1875 ; succeeded by Col. Thomas Davis, present clerk. Elbridge Gerry is clerk of a branch society at Raymond village. The present meeting-house was built near the old one on the hill north of East Raymond in 1S34, and dedicated by Elder Joseph White, assisted by Elders Z. Leach and J. Phinney. In 1842 the church resolved, as a part of their covenant, — "We agree that ive will not make, vend, nor use as a beverage or drink, ardent spirits of auy kind." This had received the signatures of 181 members previous to 1858. The present membership is 56. Five hundred dollars, left the church by Deacon John Small, in 1855, was invested in a parsonage on Raymond Hill. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In the summer of 1814, Rev. Allen H. Cobb began preaching in the proprietors' meeting-house on Raymond 358 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Hill. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Ireson, who formed a chiss of five members, — Thomas and Slatira Files, Betsey Strout, and Ale.x. Alexander and wife. A meeting- house was built at East Raymond by Thomas Files, George and Daniel Small, between 1816 and 1820, and is still in u.se. The class was changed from Portland to Gray circuit in 1820, to Otisfield in 18:52, Raymond in 1841, and Ray- mond and Casco in 1843. The Methodist Episcopal parish of Raymond was incor- porated July 12, 1823, with E. Strout, Clerk; Thomas Files, Joseph Wight, and Levi Small, A.ssessors ; Daniel Small, Collector; George Small. Treasurer. In 1844 there was a class on Raymond Cape with Alfred Manes, leader ; in East Raymond, Simeon S. Nash, leader; and two classes in Casco, Daniel Nash, recording steward, 1844. A class was formed in Raymond village in 1870, with John F. Woodman, leader. Levi Small, George Strout, and Simeon S. Nash were class-leaders previous to 1845. Present class-leaders, John F. Woodman, Gibeon Plummer, Samuel B. Nash, leader and recording steward, 1869-78 ; Marcus Nash, leader, 1809-78. Faslors.—J. L. Bishop, 1820 ; C. Fogg, 1820-21 ; Peter Ayer, 1823; James Jacques, 1824; P. P. Morrill, 1825; J. Briggs, 1826; Silas Frink, 1827; Moses San- derson, 1828; Oliver Bennett, 1829; Abel Alton, 1830; A. P. Millman, 1831 ; Isaac F. Moore, 1832-33; George D. Strout, 1834 ; A. F. Barnard, 1836 ; J. Lull, 1837-38 ; Dan Perry, 1839; Benjamin Foster, 1840-41; J. Hatch, 1842; Cyrus Phoenix, 1843-44 ; T. Jordan, 1845 ; T. B. Chase, 1846; William Folyard, 1847; John Fairbanks, 1848 ; Simeon W. Pierce, 1849 ; Benjamin Lufkin, 1850- 51 ; S. W. Pierce, 1852; Stephen H. Toby, 1853; Jesse Stone, 1854; Sargent S. Shaw, 1856; John Fairbanks, 1857; PhineasLibby, 1858; Marcus Wight, 1859; James C. Strout, 1860; Samuel P. Blake, 1861; S. S. Gray, 1862; J. W. Sawyer, 1863-64; J. H. PiUsbury, 1868- 69; James Nixon, 1870; P. B. Sawyer, 1871; C. W. Dealtry, 1873 ; Delano Berry, 1876-77 ; Thomas J. True, 1878-79. Membership, 1869, 61. Tr)is(ees. — George S. Nash, Gibeon Plummer, J. F. and James 0. Woodman, M. W. Nash. A fine church building was erected at Raymond village in 1879 by William H. Smith, David Plummer, Jr., Miss Margaret Ann Leach, Mrs. Abbie M. Smith, and Stephen Hamlin, trustees of the Raymond Village Union Parish, which was organized for that purpose. The Ladies' Mite Society contributed $700 towards its erection, which cost $2200. Erastus A. Plummer is treasurer of the parish. ASSOCIATIONS. PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. Riverside Grange, No. 93, was organized Jan. 12, 1875, with 40 members. First officers : Robert T. Smith, Mas- ter ; Gibeon P. Davis, Overseer ; Gibeon Plummer, Lecturer ; William H. Smith, Steward ; Alvin K. Plummer, Chaplain ; E. A. Plummer, Treas. ; Z. L. Whitney, Sec. ; Mrs. Abbie Smith, Ceres. Officers 1879: Gibeon Plummer, Master; F. A. Brown, Overseer; William H. Smith, Lecturer; B. H. Nason, Steward ; Elbridge Gerry, Chap- lain ; Je.sse Plummer, Sec. ; Z. L. Whitney, Treas. ; Mrs. Isabel Nason, Ceres. TEMPERANCE REFORM CLUB was organized Nov. 2, 1875, with W. H. Smith, President ; James M. Leach, Vice-President ; R: T. Smith, Secretary. 1879, — W. H. Smith, President; Jesse Plummer, Vice- President; George M. Leach, Secretary; James M. Leach, Treasurer. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Hiiwtlwrne Lodge, No. 16, was organized Dec. 19, 1877. Charles 0. Rowe, C. C. ; Henry Harmon, V. C. ; Robert T. Smith, P. ; Daniel H. Chipman, M. of E. ; W. H. II. Spiller, M. of F. ; Alvin E. Plummer, K. of R. and S. ; Bani Nason, M. of A. Present membership, 49. Officers, 1879: Frank H. Boody, C. C. ; Lester N. Jordan, V. C. ; Hiram M. Cash, P. ; Levi Weseott, M. of A. I. 0. OF G. T. Ilaicthorne Lodge, No. 62, was organized Feb. 10, 1879, with 41 members. William Mitchell, W. C. T. ; Miss Abbie J. Brown, W. V. T. ; Fred. E. Plummer, P. W. C. T. ; Willis Rolf, Chaplain; Lewellyn Welch, Sec; Miss Plummer, Lee. ; W. H. Smith, Lodge Deputy. The Watch- man's Club, organized 1850, was a vigorous reform club, and did much towards establishing the prohibitory law. The first appropriation for schools recorded was a tax of £40, in 1801. An act authorizing the sale of school lands, then consisting of seven lots, was passed June 14, 1814, and Stephen Swett, Esq., Samuel Leach, Dan Small, Joseph Wight, and William Dingley were made the first trustees of Raymond school fund. In September, 1819, Rev. Zachariah Leach transferred the two lots reserved to him for the ministry and ministerial support to the school fund. In 1804 the Eastern meeting-house was repaired and used for schools, and soon after the other was also used for a school. There were, in 1878, 11 districts with school- houses valued at $3000, and 416 school children, of whom 348 attended school. A high school is held in winter, at Raymond village. Present school fund, $1336.50. Super- visor, 1879, Robert T. Smith. PHYSICIANS. . Dr. Levi Brigham, 1804-18; Dr. Winthrop Brown, 1819-35; Dr. William Plummer, 1835-55; Dr. Gitchell, 1865-68; Cyrus K. Bowker, 1858-62; Geo. Sylvester, 1873 ; Dr. Lester H. Jordan, 1874-79. Among the prominent men of Raymond are William Small, Benjamin W. Merrill, Henry J. Lane, Charles Cole, Jesse Plummer, James Strout. Gibeon Plummer, John Mason, George M. Leach, and Elbridge Gerry. MILITARY. SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION. George Strout, Prince Strout, Thomas Crisp, John Cash, William Shurtliffe, Hezekiah Jordan, Andrew Brown, Knight, Joshua Brown, Mark Leach, Eli Longiey. TOWN OF SCARBOROUGH. 359 WAR OF 1812. Nathaniel Jordan, Simeon Small, Levi Small, William RofF, Benjamin Davis, Samuel Davis, Hczekiali Jordan, Tyler. EX-MILITIA OFFICERS OF RAYMOND AND CASCO. Colonels, Joseph Dingley, Nathaniel Jordan, Eben Serib- ner, Edwin Jordan ; Lieutenant-Colonels, Collins Strout, James Leach, Thomas Davis; Major, Jonas Jordan ; Cap- tains, Jesse Plumnier, William Cook, Joseph Syinonds, Benjamin Maybcrry, Stephen Hall, Jacob Dingley, Jcthro Libby, Mahlon D. Haydcn, William Brown, Joseph Tukey, Ebenezer Hayden. SCARBOROUGH. SITUATION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES. This town is situated in the southwest corner of Cumber- land County, upon the sea-coast, from which it extends into the interior about eight miles. It is bounded on the north- west by the towns of Gorham and Buxton, on the north- east by Westbrook and Cape Elizabeth, on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the southwest by the town of Saco, in York County. The "Beach" of this town, which is one of the most beautiful and noted on the New England coast, is resorted to by many in summer, for the excellent advantages it affords for surf-bathing and for en- joying the cool sea-breeze which constantly comes in from the ocean, rendering it comfortable at any of the hotels during the most extreme heat of the sca.son. It is accessi- ble by the Eastern and the Boston and Maine Railroads, the latter of which has a station at the Beach, and at Pine Point. The principal hotels are the Black Rock House, at the bay, and the Kirkwood and Atlantic, at the main beach. The sea-view is fine here, being unobstructed by islands. The general surface of Scarborough is flat, though in the northwestern part of the town the hills rise to a considera- ble elevation. It has a large tract of salt marsh adjoining the sea ; the interior is sandy, with considerable portions of clay and loam, and intervale upon the rivers. The principal streams of the town are the Dunston, or New River, the Nonesuch, Libby's River, and the Spur- wink, which forms a portion of the southeastern boundary. New River has several branches, the chief of which are Oriocoag River and Mill Creek. The villages or hamlets are Dunstan, West Scarborough, Blue Point, Oak Hill, and Coal Kiln Corners. EARLY SETTLEMENT. There is pretty good evidence that the first settler in this town was John Stratton, from whom Stratton's Islands took their name, and that he settled here and was engaged in fishing and trade with the Indians prior to the grant made to Cammock in 1631. It is believed that his residence was on the island still bearing his name. That he had given his name to the place before the grant to Cammock is evi- dent from the fact that that name was known in England, and the islands are styled " Stratton's Islands" in the grant. The only records which there seem to be of Stratton are those of the court held at Saco, March 25, 1G36, when Edward Godfrey petitioned for an attachment of a brass kettle belonging to Mr. John Stratton for a debt which had been due about three years ; and a mention of him as one of the claimants in the original charter of Wells, given by Thomas Gorges in 1643. At that time Stratton was prob- ably living at Salem, where he was settled in 1637.* The first legal proprietor within the town was Capt. Thomas Cammock, to whom the Council of Plymouth granted 1500 acres of land between Black Point and Spur- wink River. Cammock was a nephew of the Earl of War- wick, at that time a leading member of the Council of Plymouth. The patent bears date Nov. 1, 1631, but Cam- mock had come to New England in 1G30, and for three years had been an agent at Piseataqua (now Portsmouth) for Mason and Gorges. These propiietors in 1633 granted him a tract of land on the eastern bank of the Piscalar|ua, extending halfway to the river Agamenticus. Delivery was given him of the Black Point patent, May 23, 1033, by Capt. Walter Neale, and he seems to have immediately taken possession. Soon after he was joined by Henry Jocelyn, a former friend, who had aLso been an agent at Piscataqua; and in 1040 Cammock made his will, by which he gave his real and personal estate to his " well- beloved friend" and companion, Henry Jocelyn, only re- serving to himself 500 acres, to be disposed of at his death as he pleased. The remainder of the estate was to become Jocelyn's immediately after the death of himself and wife. Cammock died in the West Indies in September, 1643, and Jocelyn soon after married his widow. Cammock was a man of a retiring turn of mind, who seems to have been contented to enjoy the quiet beauties of his .sea-side home, and the company of such friends as his good wife Margaret and the brothers Henry and John Jocelyn. It is not known that he took part in the admin- istration of public affairs more than once during his resi- dence at Black Point, — then he acted as one of the com- missioners of the province of New Somersetshire, in the year 1633. Among the planters who settled near Cammock were * Fell's Annals of Salem. 3G0 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY,- MAINE. Stophc'ii Latliorne and Ambrose Boaden, in 1640; both built thuir iiouses near the Spurwink. Ambrose Boaden had been captain and owner of the vessel in which Cam- mock and his wife came to America, and he received his land near Spurwink in part payment for the passage. Here Boaden resided till his death. He was for many years the Spurwink ferryman, having been appointed by the court, which fixed his charges at two pence a person, ready pay, but three pence if he was obliged to charge the same in a book. In 1670 he became blind, and remained so till his death, in 1675. For three years after Caniraock's arrival there was no other part of the town occupied, c-xeept by Indians. The next principal settlement was at Blue Point, in 1636, by Richard Foxwcll and Henry Watts. They were .supposed to have settled on the grant made to Thomas Lewis and Richard Donython by the Council of Plymouth, Feb. 12, 1630, and had been brought over by the proprietors in part fulfillment of their agreement to settle fifty planters on their patent in a period of .seven years. But a survey showed that they' were not within the bounds of the grant. John Bonython, the only son of Richard, the patentee, was known throughout the province and Massachusetts as an invincible rebel. None of their laws eould be made to reach him. He thought nothing of being outlawed by the General Court, nor did he show any disposition to regard the authority of the government until Massachusetts also pro- claimed him a rebel and set a price upon his head ; then he submitted rather than lose his life. It was doubtless this troublesome character for whom a rhymer of those days intended the following epitaph : "Here lies Bonython. the sn-aniorc of Siico ; He lived a rogue and died a knave, and went to Ilohbovvocko."* Foxwell died in 1676. He had been a member of the General Assembly of Ligonia in 1648; one of the commis- sioners of the town in 1664 and 1668; clerk of the writs for Scarborough in 1658 and 1665; and was again elected in 1668, but declined. He had three sons, John, Richard, and Philip, none of whom left children but John, who had one son, Nathaniel, at whose death the male branch of the family became extinct. Philip was one of the selectmen of the town in 1681. He removed to Kittery in 1690, and died there the same year. Henry Watts removed from Saco to Blue Point with Mr. Foxwell in 1636, and settled upon the plantation adjoining. Tiie first notice of him in the records occurs in the pro- ceedings of the court, September 15, 1640, when he was "presented" witli one Frctby, for "carrying bords" on the Sabbath. It appears that George Cleaves, as deputy-presi- dent of Ligonia under Rigby, had assumed to dispose of grants of land at Blue Point, and had granted a small tract to Walts. In 1673, Watts sold one half of his whole plantation, including the grant from Cleaves, to Ralph Allison. Watts had built the first mill in town, on Fox- well's Brook, on the western side of the Point, and it appears from the deed to Allison, in which the land and mill were conveyed, that the settlement had been named * The Satan of the lodians.- liistoriciil Collections. -Fohum'n Sum andJIkliU/ord. Maine " Cockell," though from what the name is derived is un- known. Watts took an active part in the political affairs of tlie town and province. He was a member of the Gen- eral Assembly of the Province of Ligonia in 1648; com- missioner for Falmouth and Scarborough in 1659; constable of Scarborough in 1660 ; commissioner in 1661, 1662, and 1664. He was living at Blue Point in 1085, being upwards of seventy-one years of age. The date of his death is not known. The next settlers at Blue Point were George Bearing and Nicholas Edgecomb, some time after whom came Hilkiah Bailey and Edward Shaw. Tristram Alger also lived here about the same time of the last mentioned. Roger Bearing, who died at Blue Point in 1676, is sup- po.sed to have been a son of George Bearing. A grandson, by the name of Roger, came from Kittery and .settled here about 1700. Nicholas Edgecomb was a member of the younger branch of the noble family of Edgecomb, of Mount Edgecomb, England. Sir Richard Edgecomb received a grant from Gorges of 8000 acres of land in the town, which was for a long time afler his death the subject of controversy. A descendant of Nicholas Edgecomb, probably his grandson, was agent for the Edgecomb estate ; he lived at Blue Point about twenty years, and then removed to Saco. His sons were Robert and John, and probably Michael and Christo- pher, who were living here in 1675. Robert was married to Rachel Gibbons, of Saco, where he died in 1730, aged seventy-four. John was one of the selectmen of Saco in 1686. Of the daughters, Mary married George Page, of Saco, and after his death John Ashton, of Blue Point, afterwards of Marblehoad, Mass. Joanna married a Mr. Puncheon, of Boston. William Smyth first settled at Blue Point in 1040; thence he removed to Black Point, where he resided at the time of his death. He and Foxwell were the appraisers of Cammock's estate, in 1643. He had a brother Richard, and two sisters, living at Worcester, England, in 1661, and it is probable that he was a native of that city. He was born in 1587, and died at Black Point, in March, 1676. Richard Smyth, who was one of the witnesses to the de- livery of Black Point to Cammock, in 1633, w.as probably the brother of William, who was living in Worcester, in 1661. If so, he remained in the province but a few years. Hilkiah Bailey and Edward Shaw settled at Blue Point before 1648, for a deposition of Smyth's shows that they had been some time there when Rigby 's government was established, and that was in 1648. Bailey was the father of Jona. Bailey, who died at Blue Point in 1663. Shaw left a son, Richard, who lived a number of years on his father's estate, and sold it, in 1662, to John Howell. Most of the early settlers above referred to were prop- erly planters, for they gave their attention to agriculture, and the improvement of their estates. The third principal settlement within the town was made at Bnn.stan, about the year 1651, by the brothers Andrew and Arthur Alger (sometimes erroneously spelled Augur). Mr. H. Ilight, a resident of Dunstan, who has given some attention to its early history, says, — "The lirst authentie account of tho brothers, Andrew and Arthur Alger, relates that in the jcnr 1645 they resided at i^tralton's Wand, Mrs. Joseph Larrabee. Joseph Larrabee. ( PMOTOS. BY I.AMSON ) Residence of BENJAMIN larrabee, Swrboro:me TOWN OF SCARBOROUGH. 361 iiiiil had 11 number of fishermen in their employ. Several depositions in the York County records refer to the faet thiit they cauie from a village called Dunstan, in England. In ono old record we find that Arthur signed his name 'Arthur Alger, Jr.' This may indicate that his father's name was Arthur. The deposition of John lioaden says, 'Arthur who was Lieutenant." " It is now (1S7S) near two hundred and thirty years since they first rowed up the Dunstan River. They came from the vicinity of Black Point and ]mrsued the course of the flood-tide until they arrived at or near Dunstan Landing. Some time in the year 1651 they purchased of the Indian .sagamore, who resided .at Blue Point, a tract of land containing near 1000 acres. In the year 1654, Arthur, with his wife, and Andrew, with his family, were fully established at Dunstan. The purchase made in 1651 was confirmed by a second acknowledgment of the sale, 'dated ll'th of December, 1659,' and reads as follows: " ' Declaration of Jane, the Indian, of Scarborough, concerning lands.' '" This aforesaid Jane, alias Uphanum, doth declare that her mother, namily Naguasqua, the wife of Wackwarrawaskec, Sagamore, and iu-r brother, Ugagaguskis and herself, namely Uphanum, coequally hath sould unto Andrew Alger and to his brother Arthur Alger a tract of land, beginning at the mouth of ye river called Blue Point River where the river doth part, and soc bounded up along with the river called Owascoag. in Indian, and soc up three score pooles above the falls on one side, and on the other side bounded up along with the northernmost river that draineth by the great hill of Abram Josclyn's and goeth northward, bounding from the head of ye river southwest, and soe to the aforesaid bounds, namely, three score pooles above the Falls. "'This aforesaid Ui)hauum doth declare that her mother and brother and shee hath already in hand received full satisfaction of the aforesaid Algers for the aforesayd, the land, from the beginning of the world to this day, provided on conditions that for tyme to come from year to year, yearly, the aforesaid Algers shall peaceably suifer Up- hanum to plant in Andrew Alger's field soe long as Uphanum and her mother, Neguasqua, doe both live, and alsoe one bushi of come for acknowledgement every year soe long as they both shall live. '" Uphanum doeth declare that ye bargain was made in the year 1651, unto which she doeth subscribe her mark of (Signed) " ' Ui'Hanum X.' "Just previous to the breaking out of the Indian war of 1675, when the war spirit began to show itself among the Indians of this eastern section, the Algers, thinking — we presume — that it might be for the interest of peace in their then flourishing settlement, obtained a third acknowledgment of ' the sayle, dated May the 27th, 167'1.' " They were now — excepting the apprehension of Indian troubles — very pleasantly situated on their clearing. Three of Andrew's daugh- ters were married, and with their husbands were residing on the pur- chase. Others had settled around them. "Joanna Puncheon's deposition says, 'They made large improve- ments on their farms, and sold considerable quantities of grain yearly.' On the salt marshes they could cut hay for their cattle for winter, and around them their cattle found feed in summer. They had a house at the ' Neck' which they made their rendezvous in the best season for fishing. The fish furnished them oil for their lamps, anil together with the products of the land, the dairy, and the abun- dant supply of wild game, supplied them even to a degree of comfort- able independence. " We presume they were extremely anxious to maintain peace, but notwithstanding the Indians acknowledged that they had received lull satisfaction of the aforesaid Algers from the beginning of the world, — although from year to year, yearly, the aforesaid Algers had peaceably suffered Uphanum to plant in Andrew Alger's fields, and although for more than twenty years they had been on terms of friendship, and every year the 'bushel of corne' had been given as a peace offering, — still, these settlers could not fail to soe that an Indian war, with all its horrors, was about to burst upon them. " Early in the autumn of 1675 they were warned to assemble at the garrison, and thoy removed their families to Sheldon's garrison, at Black Point. Probably at the time of the removing of their families they carried many of their goods with them, and again they went to Dunstan with an escort of soldiers to guard them and assist them to carry off their goods. "On the 12th of October, 1675, Andrew and Arthur, accompanied by some relatives, went up to their cabins to get some of their effects 46 that they had hitherto been unable to remove. They were attacked by the Indians. It is quite impossible at this time to ascertain the particulars concerning the attack. Tradition among their descend- ants .says they were attacked when on their way back to the garrison, — ' that Andrew was killed and Arthur was mortally wounded.' South- gate, in the ' History of Scarborough,' says 'they wore in their cabins at the time of the attack.' However this may be, it is perhaps enough for us to know that on the 12th of October, two hundred and three year.-i ago, the ' Enemy Indians made an attack upon these the first settlers of Dunstan. The casualties were Andrew Alger killed, and Arthur .\lger mortally wounded. " ' The deposition of Peter Witham, aged 72 years, testificth that I, about 52 or :! years ago, then being in the country's service, under the command of Capt. John Wincoll, and being posted with other soldiers at Blue Poynt, at Mr. Foxwell's (Jarrison, went up to Dunstan to guard Andrew and Arthur Alger, and we assisted them to carry off their grain. Some days after which the said Andrew and Arthur, with some of their relatives, went from Shelton's Garrison to Dunstan to bring off some of their goods, and were beset by the Indians, and said Andrew was killed and said Arthur was mortally wounded. And I did help to carry one off, and also to bury them both.' " The deposition from Joanna Puncheon says, ' One Robert Nichols, who lived on their land, was killed with his wife in the beginning of the Indian war, in wheat harvest and some weeks after Andrew and Arthur was killed in Indian harvest.' Arthur probably survived long enough to make his will, by which he gave his property to his wife, Ann Alger. " The relatives referred to in Witham's deposition might have been the sons-in-law of Andrew, or his son John, or other persons. Giles Roberts, who resided in Scarboro' in 1662, speaks of Arthur Alger as his loving brother-in-law. In an old deed, now more than txvo hundred years old, we find the following: 'I, Arthur Alger, for the love and good-will which I have and do bear towards my loving cousen, Abram Roberts, have given him one hundred acres of land,' etc. "From these facts we learn they were not without relatives in the settlement. " They had much to do with the affairs of the times in which they lived. Andrew took an active part in opposition to Cleaves, who claimed to have authority from Rigby to govern the province. He was at different times one of the selectmen, constable, etc. "Arthur was for several years attorney for the town, and held other important positions. " The deposition of John Boaden, 1730, says, ' They were persons of note and good character.' There is not a word to indicate that they were other than high-minded, honorable men, and much to confirm our opinion that they were honest, fair-dealing pioneers. •' Their widows soon removed from the scenes of their afflictions. The widow of Arthur removed to Marblehead, Mass. She had no children. " By the following, from the book of Eastern Claims, we infer that she married again : ' Auu Walker, formerly relict of Arthur .\lger, claims a tract of land (here is copied the old Indian decil to the Algers) which was conveyed by his last will and tc'^tament. dated 1675. to his wife, Ann Alger.' "The widow of Andrew removed to Boston. Probably at that time all, or nearly all, of her children had become of age." The Algers gave the name of Dunstan to their settlement in commemoration of their native town in Somersetshire, England.* It was at a later periotl transferred to the set- tlement at the landing, and .still later to the village. In the division of the Alger estate, Arthur took the northern part, which was separated from his brother's by a brook. He died without issue. Andrew had six children, — three sons, John, Andrew, and Matthew, and three daugh- ters. Elizabeth married John I'almer ; Joanna married first, Elias Oakman, and second, John Mills, who lived in Boston, where she died; and the third married John Austin. John, the son of Andrew, had several daughters, » Boadcn's deposition. The town referred to was probably Dunslor or Dunstorre, in Somersetshire. — Willi: 362 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. one of whom, Elizabeth, married John Milliken, house- wright, first of Boston, then of Scarborough. The de- scendants of the Millikens still reside at Dunstan, among whom are J. A. Milliken, the present clerk of the town of Scarborough, and Milliken, who has attained the age of ninety-six years. Andrew Alger, Jr., was master of a vessel, and was killed in Falmouth in 1690, leaving one daughter, wife of Matthew Collins. Matthew Alger was master of one of the transports in Sir William Phipps' expedition to Canada, and died of the fleet-fever soon after his return. He was the last surviving male of that race, and the name in this branch is extinct in this country. The widow of the first Andrew married Samuel Walker. Several of Andrew's children were married and settled near him before his death : first, John, then Palmer ; the others followed, fronting the marsh in the neighborhood of the Dr. South- gate place, whose farm was a part of the Alger estate. The settlement at Black Point increased more rapidly than the other two, and became one of the most flourishing and important places on the coast. John Jocelyn (" Voy- ages," page 200) thus speaks of it in 1671: "Six miles to the westward of Saco, and forty miles from Gorgiana (York), is seated the town of Black Point, consisting of about fifty dwelling-houses, and a magazine or dogonne, scatteringly built ; they have a store of neat [cattle] and horses, of sheep near upon 700 or 800, much arable and marsh land, salt and fresh, and a corn-mill. To the south- ward of the Point (upon which are stages of fishermen) lie two small islands ; beyond the Point northeastward runs the river Spurwink." CAREER OF HENRY JOCELYN. Henry Jocelyn was for over forty years the principal man in the town, and one of the most distinguished inhabitants of the province. He was the son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knight, of Kent, England, whence he came to New Eng- land as chief agent of Mason, at Piseataqua, in 1634, and the following year removed to Black Point. He was one of the counselors of the province of New Somersetshire upon the organization of the government in 1635. His com- mission was renewed under the patent of 1639, and he was a member of the first court at Saco, June 25, 1640. By this court John Wilkinson was sworn constable of Black Point, and a similar ofiicer was appointed for Fal- mouth. This is the earliest record of the appointment of a town oflBcer for either of these towns. Upon the organi- zation of lligby's government, in 1648, Mr. Jocelyn was made one of the judges of Ligonia, the others being George Cleaves and Robert Jordan. Mr. Jocelyn was strongly opposed to the submission of the province to Ma.ssachusetts. After the western .settle- ments had submitted, in 1653, Jocelyn and Jordan held out against it for the next five years, being zealous and consistent loyalists; and when summoned, in 1654, to appear before the commissioners of that obtrusive colony at York, they refu.sed to recognize her authority and de- clined to appear. During the same year Jordan (who was an Episcopal clergyman ) was arrested and imprisoned in Boston for persisting in ba2)tiziiig children according to the forms of the church, although repeatedly forbidden to do so by the authority of Massachusetts. He was released, and in a short time he and Jocelyn were arrested and re- quired to give bonds for their appearance before the General Court. They did not yield their opposition to what they considered usurpation on the part of IMas- sachusett,s until convinced that they could do so without the sacrifice of principle, or, at least, saw that a settlement of the wearisome controversy would be for the best good of the country, under existing circumstances. In 1657 they made their appearance before the General Court, and were discharged from their bonds. In 1658, Black Point, Richmond Island, and Casco submitted to the authority and jurisdiction of Massachusetts before a court of commissioners held at the house of Robert Jordan, near the mouth of the Spurwink, in July of that year. Twent^'-eight persons signed the compact, of whom the following fourteen were inhabitants of Scarborough : Henry Jocelyn, Richard Foxwell, Henry Watts, Samuel Oakman, Abraham FoUen, Andrew Browne, Ambrose Boaden, Sr., Michael Moddiver, Thomas Hamweth. John Tenney, Arthur Alger, Jr., Nicholas Edgecomb, Ambrose Boaden, Jr., and George Taylor. In these articles of submission it is provided : " 7. That those places which were formerly called Black Point, Blue Point, and Stratton's Island, thereto adjacent, shall here- after be called by the name of Scarborough.* The bounds of which town, on the western .side, beginneth where the town of Saco endeth, and so runs along on the western side of the river Spurwink, eight miles back into the country." " 10. That the towns of Scarborough and Falmouth shall have commission courts to try causes as high as fifty pounds." " 11. That those two towns of Scarborough and Falmouth are to send one deputy yearly to the Court of Election, and have liberty to send two deputies if they see cause." Scarborough was named from the market-town of that cognomen in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England. Jocelyn and Watts were appointed commissioners for Scarborough, under the 10th article of the agreement. Mr. Jocelyn was also chosen one of the magistrates in 1 658, in September of which year a court was held in Scarborough by the a.ssociates for the county. Henry Jocelyn, Robert Jordan, Nicholas Shapleigh, Edward Rishworth, and Abra- ham Preble were the judges present. The government of Massachusetts was borne with pretty good grace till the accession of Cliarles II. to the throne of England, in 1660. This revived the hopes of the royalists in the province, and Jocelyn and others were less careful to conceal their ill-feeling towards the existing government, to which necessity, for a time, had compelled them to submit. In 1662, Jocelyn and Shapleigh (of Kittery) refused to take the oath of office as a.ssociate.s under Ma.ssachusetts. The government sent a commissioner, Capt. Waldron, to see to the enforcement of her authority. It was in vain : the recusant associates protested, and refused to take the oath. At the court, in 1663, not only Jocelyn and Jordan, who seem to be the leading rebels, but two strong reinforcements of their ' The Inilian name of Scarborough was Oiro»co«y, — p)ace of iiiu li grasa. TOWN OF SCARBOROUGH. 8GH party (ShapJeigh and Chainpernoon) were " presented" be- fore the General Court for acting against tiie authority of Massachusetts. But tliese proceedings liad no other effect than to strengthen them in tlieir opposition. The govern- ment, however, modified its policy, so that a temporary or partial reconciliation was effected, and the next year Scarborough made her returns to the General Court, which accepted Mr. Jocelyn as one of the commissioners. His remarkable political career closed in l(i7(>, in which year, or soon after, he removed to Plymouth. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. Hostilities in the first Indian war commenced in Massa- chusetts in June, 1675. The news of the first outbreak must have soon found way to the settlements along the coast. Then (we imagine) the settlers congregated here and there to talk of the prospects, some doubting whether war would come, some fearing it might, and all hoping for a continuation of peace. The emissaries of King Philip were soon among the different tribes, where they probably found willing listeners, especially among the Indians (then living) who could re- member the tim.e when no white man had an habitation in all the land. Envy and hatred with the wildest infatuations of war soon prevailed in all their councils, and powerful bands of hostile savages might properly enough be imag- ined anywhere in the depth of the wilderness, ready to fall upon and destroy the weakest and most defenseless settle- ments. Among the first acts of hostility on the Maine frontier was the attack upon Saco, and the killing of Robert Nichols and his wife, at their homes on the south .side of Dunstan, in time of wheat harvest (middle of September), 1675. About the same time the news of the inhuman murder of the Wakely family on the eastern side of the " Presumpscot," spread among the settlements. (Lieut. George Ingersoll, of " Casco," who was the first to visit that scene of horror, had during these troublesome times frequent communication with Black Point.) October 12tli. Andrew Alger, of Dunstan, was killed, and his brother Ar- thur was mortally wounded. One deposition says, " Their families, and their children and their families, were drove off, their houses and barns were burnt, their cattle killed, and the chief of all they had was destroyed." During the later part of the autumn of 1675, news of savage attacks upon the settlements, east and west, came in rapid succession. We learn from Hcottows Journal that, about the last of October, forty Boston soldiers were added to the force at Black Point. Capt. Joshua Scottow was in command, and Black Point garrison was the headquarteis of " ye Maine Guard." October 31st, Capt. John Wincoll with sixty men was sent up to Dunstan to save corn and fight the In- dians. November 2d, in the afternoon, twenty-nine of the inhabitants, while threshing grain, were nearly .surrounded by seventy or eighty Indians. They were relieved by a force under Sergt. Tippin. At this time Capt. Scottow seemed to have been extremely anxious to destroy the " barbarous enemy," and evidently expected a fight with a large force of Indians near Andrew Brown's house (across the marsh from Dunstan). But the Indians, choosing a difi'erent mode of warfare, " fell to burning houses, barns, hay-stacks, and all before them," thus leaving nothing for the soldiers to defend. November Gth, Capt. Wincoll with a force " went up the Nonesuch" to secure corn left in the deserted hou.scs and barns on the northeast side of the town. They had two skirmishes with the enemy. Samuel Ryall, one of the Boston soldiers, was mortally wounded. Early on Sunday morning, November 7th, the enemy burned houses and barns ; they ventured near Sheldon's garrison and burned eight or nine houses. As soon as the fires were discovered the soldiers and inhabitants at Black Point gar- rison hastened towards Sheldon's garrison, which was above musket-shot of the burning houses. Their advance was hindered by the tide, which had overflowed the road and bridge. As soon as they could pass they " .scour" the town towards the northeast. On their way they met Lieut. In- gersoll with twelve Casco men who came to "joyn" them, but they found no enemy. Early next morning Lieut. Ingersoll, with 60 men, went up to Saco Falls, but they found no enemy in that direction. Probably the main force of the Indians left this vicinity immediately after firing the houses on Sunday morning. That was the clos- ing scene of the Indian depredations for the season. They had burned nearly all the buildings in the town, had feasted upon the crops and cattle of the provident settlers, and now that cold weather was upon them they hastened away. In the spring of 1676 the settlers had hopes of peace ; the Boston soldiers no longer needed were " put to march- ing home by land.'" The death of King Philip and the conclusion of peace between the settlers and Indians in Massachusetts, in August, encouraged their hopes, but about the same time came the sad news of fresh outbreaks to the eastward. August 11th, a messenger from Falmouth came to Black Point begging for assistance. He brought a brief letter from Mr. Burroughs, the minister, which gave an account of 32 killed and carried away by the Indians. August 12tli, Mr. Jocelyn sent the letter to Brian Pendleton at Saco. So all the settlements were again alarmed. In October a strong force of the enemy, led by " Mugg," laid siege to Black Point garrison. Jocelyn parleyed with Mugg ; the inhabitants retreated in boats, and left Jocelyn and the garrison in possession of the enemy. So on Oct. 12, 1676 (just one year from the attack on the Algei-s), Old Scarboro', that previous to the troubles was a flourish- ing town, with various settlements, several hundred inhab- itants, quite a number of fiirms, 100 houses, 1000 head of cattle, etc., was entirely abandoned, its buildings burned, and its farms desolate. During the winter of 1676-77, Mugg was constrained to make a treaty, and peace was considered certain. Tlie settlers returned to Black Point. But peace with these savages was only a treacherous name for war. Early in May a large force of Indians, commanded by the same "Mugg," laid siege to Black Point garrison. Three of the defenders were killed, and one, more unfortunate still, was taken prisoner. May 16th, Mugg was shot by Lieut. Tippin, and immediately the enemy " drew off." A little more than a mouth passed by and Black Point 364 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. was a sceue of a most fearful conflict. A force of ninfety men, under Capt. Benjamin Sweet, was drawn into an ambusli, about two miles from the garrison, by an over- whelming number of savages. The struggle that followed was one of the most desperate recorded in the annals of those trying times. We might have known more concern- ing it but for the fact that Capt. Sweet and two-thirds of his force were numbered among the dead that laid along the line of their retreat. Tiius was the killing of Mugg, May 16th, terribly revenged on Tuesday morning, June 29th. Soon after this event some settlers at Pemaquid con- cluded a peace with the Eastern Indians. This peace was ratified at Casco, April 12, 1G78. Thus ended the first Indian war. The peace that followed, however, was continually brooded over by apprehensions of war. We find the settlers at Scarboro', in IGSl, building a strong fortification between Moor's Brook and the southeastern end of the great pond. (The transactions concerning this fortification can be seen in the town record of that date.) In 1683 the General Court ordered the establishment of strong garrisons in all the towns. In 1685 no person was allowed to leave the town without permit from the commander of the militia. Confidence, and consequent prosperity, had hardly begun to return when the poor settlers were again alarmed by the tbreateniugs of war. The finst Indian war was a war against the settlers. The second had its origin in the courts of France and England. Blind religious zeal, " In hope to merit heaven by making earth a hell," found its way into the wilderness to encourage savages to deeds of horrid cruelty, that were described by one French writer of tho.se times as " actions brave and beautiful." The first act of hostility of this war fell upon North Yarmouth in September, 1689. Several were killed, — among them Walter Gendall, previously of Spurwink. A few days afterwards occurred Col. Church's fight at Fal- mouth. In this action Andrew Alger, Jr., of Dunstan, was killed. In May, 1690, 500 French and Indians came against Falmouth, and it was entirely destroyed. Immediately the occupants of the garrisons at Black Point and Blue Point drew ofi'. So Scarboro' was again entirely abandoned. The Peace of Ryswick in 1677 ended the war in Europe, but the news, unread by the savages and unrelished by their allies, brought no peace to Maine until January, 1699. Five years of peace and the " alarum" of war again aroused the settlements. Queen Anne's war commenced in 1702. Again the French and English were ready to destroy each other. In June, 1703, the assembled chiefs made most solemn pledges of friendship, but in less than two months 500 French and Indians were laying waste the settlements and attacking garrison after garrison from Casco to Wells. Twenty-five were killed or carried away from I'urpooduek ; 22 were killed at Spurwink ; at Winter Harbor 1 1 were killed, the garrison was captured, and 24 were taken pris- oners. Under Beaubasin, a Frenchman, they besieged the old garrison at Black Point, but a few brave men under Capt. John Larrabce, from whom one word of command was worth a score of men, held the fort. In 1707, Col. Hilton, with a considerable force, landed at Black Point and succeeded in killing 22 Indians without the loss of a man. About the time of the close of the war (1713j, Lieut. Hunniwell and 19 others were ambushed by 200 Indiaiis, near the Great Pond, and only one of their number escaped. William.son says, " The Indians imme- diately beset the garrison, in which remained a small party of defenders, who maintained a gallant defense until they found an opportunity to escape to a vessel in the harbor; then the triumphant enemy set the garrison on fire. The peace which followed brought new life to the settle- ments, and the frontier was extended into the wilderness. In 1719 the town records, that were carried to Boston tbirty-one years before for safe-keeping, were brought back to the town and the town government was reorganized. Subsequent Indian troubles did not drive oflF the settlers. They had come to stay. In 1722, Massachusetts declared war against the Eastern Indians. Col. Westbrook, then a resident of Scarboro', was placed in command of the forces. Some skulking bands of Indians committed depredations in the town, and in the old records we find- the following : " The dath of Thomas Lereby and his son, Anthony Lereby, who were killed by the Ingons April 19, 1723;" also, " The dath of Sarah Deering, the wife of Mr. Roger Deering, who was killed by the Ingons June the 26th day, anno. 1723." The destruction of the French and Indian settlements at Norridgewock (in which Scarboro' soldiers took an active part) put an end to the French influence, and the Indians and their wars, after the lesser troubles of 1745, gradually fell back westward. " A list of the inhabitants at Black Point Garrison, Oct. 12, 1676. Inyo Daniel Moore Living Ralphe Heison Qarison John Tenney mu^ kett Mathew Ileyson lU-nry 13rookin shott from Joseph Oliver Nathaniel Willett ye Gari- Chris'r Edgecome Charles Browne son John Edgecome. Edward ftairfield Michael Edgecome. Hampton & Salisbury Liv ng Robert Edgecome soldiers. thremus- Henry Elkins In yc fl'rancis .Sholot kett .•ihott John Ashden butts Anthony Roe froi rye John Warrick wth out Thomas Bickford garison Goodman Luscomc ye Gari- Robert Tydcy Timothy Collins son but Richard Moore Andrew Broune, sen. joining James Lybbey Andrew Broune. to it .John Lybbey Anthony Lybbey Paumel Lybbey George Taylor Jaine.s Ogleby Dunkcn Chessom William Sheldon John Vickors Rrd. Bassen Ro'rt Eliott fl'rancis White Richard Honeywell John Howell John Broune Joseph Broune Ambrose Bouilcn Constable Tho. Cuming John Herman Samuel Oakman, sen. John Elson Peter Hinkson Kicd. Willin John Symson Tho. Cleaueley John Cooke R'rd Burroughs." TITLES TO LAND CONPIK]\IKD. Soon after the purchase of Maine by Massachusetts, in 1679, Thomas Danforth, the Deputy Governor, was ap- Hiram Higgins ( PHOTOS er CONANT. ) MRS. Hiram Higgins Mkm....,\. RES. or Hiram Higgins. M- -■»' ^B!aA■f" vKajy4- -s-fAwi^, ^i .^^^ HIGGINS' BEACH, SCARBORO , ME TOWN OP SCARBOROUGH. 365 pointed president of Maine. Tlie new government con- sisted of a president, deputy president, a Council and a Gen- oral Assembly, the latter made up of the people's represen- tatives. The first Council consisted of eight members, of whom Capt. Joshua Seottow, of Scarborough, was one. In 1081, the General Court empowered the President of Maine to confirm the titles of the inhabitants to their lands in the province. Accordingly the president conveyed to Capt. Seottow, Walter Gendall, Richard Hunnewell, William Burridge, Andrew Browne, Ambrose Boaden, and John Tenny, Trustees, the township of Scarborough. The con- veyance is dated July 26, U584. From this time all lands were conveyed by a vote of the town, or by a committee ap- pointed for that purpose. SECOND SETTLEMENT OF THE TOWN. After the destruction of Falmouth by the French and In- dians, in 1G90, the inhabitants of this town wisely decided to save themselves by flight. They drew off immediately to Saco, and from Saco, in a few days, to Wells, and from Wells many went to Portsmouth. In this manner the settlements in this town and vicinity were entirely broken up. The precise date of the second settlement of the town is not known. In 1702 a little band of seven persons ar- rived from Lynn in a sloop. They were John Larrabee, Henry Libby, and his three sons, and two men by the name of Pine and Blood. They erected a small fort for their pro- tection. The next year five hundred French and Indians attacked the fort. There were in it only eight persons able to fight, but fortunately they had in Capt. Larrabee a brave and resolute commander. He refused to surrender or ca- pitulate upon any terms. The enemy undertook to under- mine the fort, but there came a drenching rain and filled up the ditch, so that in digging they became exposed to the shots of the little band inside, and were so harassed that they became discouraged and went off in search of other prey. Thus the brave settlers escaped. The fear of the Indians kept back settlers, so that the town for some time increased very slowly in population, and there was no organization of a town government till 1720. Pine Point received its name from Charles Pine, a famous hunter. Newbury Point was so named from William New- bury, also a hunter. In 1723 the Indians again attacked all the .settlements along the sea-board. In April they suddenly fell upon the inhabitants at Black Point, killed Sergeant Chubb, of the fort, Thomas Larrabee, and his son Anthony. On the 26th of June they attacked the garrison-house of Roger Dear- ing, killed his wife, took captive two of his children, and Mary Scamman, of Saco, who was visiting there. The same day they took John Hunnewell, of Black Point, a prisoner. The only other per.son killed in this town during the war was a Mr. Mitchell, of Black Point, whom they waylaid and murdered near Spurwink, in 1724. In 1747 the Indians appeared at Scarborough on the 14th of April. They had secreted themselves in the woods near the garrison on Scottow's Hill, intending to take it at night. Nathaniel Dresser, a young man residing at the garrison, going out to work on the west .side of the hill, discovered the Indians, and started to run back with all speed. He was pursued and fired upon, and falling dead upon his face, one of the Indians came up and hastily took off his scalp. As he turned to go. Capt. Daniel Harvey, the only man lefi in the garrison at the time, fired upon him and .shattered his right arm. Having thus shown themselves, the Indians made no attempt ujion the garrison, but went off towards Falmouth. LOUTSMOUlUi, .JUNE T, 174.-). One hundred and sixty of the men of Scarborough were enlisted in Col. Waldo's regiment during the campaign for the capture of Louisbourg, the French stronghold in North America. The fort was taken June 17, 1745. It does not appear how many of the men of this town were actually engaged in the capture, excepting Samuel Milliken, Roger Hunnewell. and Seth Fogg. Milliken was lost on his return trip, and Hunnewell had an arm shot off in the engage- ment, Richard King, afterwards an eminent citizen of Scarborough, was commissary, and Joseph Prout acted as local commissary of the town. The following from tiiis town are a few out of many who enlisted in the war: Capt. George Berry s Company. — Daniel Moody, Joseph Hunnewell, John Libby, Thomas Foss, Robert Munson, Alex. Roberts, Lieut. John Libby, Noah Libby, Samuel Larrabee, Richard Hunnewell, Jethro Starbird, Richard Carter, Theod. IMoses, Robert Munson, James Libby, David Sawyer, Lieut. Daniel Field, Walter Foss, Timothy Haine.s, Daniel Moody. Ca\)t. Thomas Perkins' Company. — I.saac MacKene, James Libby, Thomas Larrabee, Ephraim Andrews, Sam- uel Fickett, Elijah Bragdon, John Myrick. Among the inhabitants of the town at the .second settle- ment were the following: Jonathan Andrews, 1732 ; Amos Andrews, later; John and Nathaniel Babb, Dunstan; Dr. Abram Bacon, 1799 ; Moses Banks, before the Revolution ; Capt. Elias Banks, ship-cavpenter; Joseph Berry, 1720; Arthur Bragdon, 1725; Solomon and Gideon Bragdon, later ; Joseph Calef, 1725 ; John Coolbroth, 1730 ; Roger Dearing (from Kittery), 1716 ; Henry Dre-sser, 1729 ; Jo- seph Emerson (merchant at Dunstan), 1796; James Fly, 1716; Daniel Fogg, 1720; Caleb Graffiim, 1714; Daniel Hasty, 1735; Samuel Harrison, 1726; Fergus Higgins, 1750; George Hight, 1780; Roger Hunnewell (died), 1720 ; Aaron Jewett (Dunstan), 1727 ; John Jones, 1736 ; Martin Jose, 1729 ; Ivory Kilborn, 1777 ; Richard King, 1745. The remainder of Mr. King's life was .spent in Scarborough in agricultural and mercantile pureuits. He died at his residence near Dunstan Landing, March 27, 1875, aged fifty-seven. Mr. King married Isabella Bragdon, of York, by whom he had the following children : Rufus, born 1755 : died April 20, 1829. Mary, born 1757 ; married Dr, Robert Southgate, June 23, 1773; died March 30, 1824. Paulina, nuuried Dr. Aaron Porter, April 13, 1777. Isa- bella, the mother, died Oct. 19. 1759, The second wife of Richard King was Mary, dauglitcr of Samuel Black, of York, born Oct, 8, 1736 ; married Jan. 31, 1762. Children by the second marriage : Richard, born Dec. 22, 1762, married Hannah Larrabee, Jan, 14, 1790; Isabella, born Sept. 8, 1764, died Sept. 12, 1770; Dorcas, born May 20, 366 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 1766, married Joseph Li'liuid, Dec. 28, 1786 ; Willi;im, born Feb. 9, 1768, "died June 17, 1825 ; Betsey, born Jan. 7, 1770; Cyrus, born Sept. 6, 1772, married Hannah Storer, Oct. 1797, died April 25, 1817. Mary, second wife of Richard Kinj;-, died May 25,1816. Mr. King had three brothers, — David, Josiah. and William. David was a merchant in Saco ; William was a sea-captain. They were descended from the Kings of Kittery. Rufus King, the eldest son of Richard, was a native of Scarborough ; gradu- ■ uated at Harvard College, 1777 ; studied law at Newbury- port with Judge Parsons, where he resided. His career as a lawyer. Senator in Congress, and Minister of State is well • known, and reflects lasting honor upon the place of his birth. Ex-Governor William King, of Bath (deceased), the first Governor of Maine, was the third son of Richard King, born in Scarborough, Feb. 9, 1768. Cyrus, the fourth son, and youngest of the children, distinguished himself at the bar and in the halls of Congress. Died at Saco, April 25, 1817. Capt. Alexander Kirk wood lived at Front's Neck, which, during his residence there, was called ■' Kirkwood's Neck." He was a Scotchman from the English navy, and married Mary, daughter of Timothy Prout, Flsq. The Libbys, among whose heirs Prout's or Libby's has recently been divided, are descendants of Henry Libby, who, with his three sons, Capt. Larrabee, and others, came from Lynn in a .sloop in 1702. They had a numerous oifspring in the town. Other settlers were Capt. Timothy McDaniel, 1765; John McKenney, 1670; John Milliken, 1719; John J., Samuel, and Nathaniel Milliken, 1730 ; Clement Meserve, 1725; Daniel Moody, 1724; George Moses, 1754; Daniel Moulton, son of John Moulton, 1720 ; Robert Munson (Dunstan), 1726 ; William Newbry, 1720; Morris O'Brien, 1740; Joseph and Jonathan Pillsbury, before 1800; Aaron Piummer. 1720 ; Timothy Prout, from Boston (purchased the Camniuck patent of the heirs of Capt. Scottow, 1828) ; David King, prior to 1728; Ebenezer Sevey (Blue Point), 1717 ; David Sawyer, previous to 1728 ; Robert Southgate, M.D., June 29, 1771 (see Cumberland Bench and Bar in this work) ; Paul Thompson (Blue Point), 1727; James Tyler (Blue Point), 1718; Elliot Vaughan, 1742 ; Walter Warren, 1750 ; Joseph Waterhouse, 1730 ; William Watson (Higgins' farm), 1748; Dr. Daniel Wins- low (^from Falmouth), 1728. KEVOLUTIONAIiV SOLDIERS. The following list of Scarborough men who were engaged in the war of the Revolution is taken from Southgate's history of the town, the rank of the officers being given and the names of places where longest stationed in parenthesis. THE MACHIAS COLONY. The census of Scarborough in 1761, previous to the re- moval of the colony to Machias, showed 310 taxable polls, 190 houses, 448 oxen, 633 cows, 1067 sheep, 257 swine, 6613 bushels of grain, 907 tons of English hay, 426 tons of meadow hay, 1467 tons of salt hay. The following year tlu^ cro])s were almost wholly cut off by an unusual dniuglit. This was one causi' nf the removal oi" so large a colony to Machias, who became the founders of that town. An association for that purpose was formed in 1762, con- sisting of the following named persons : Samuel and Syl- vanus Scott (brothers), Timothy, David, and George Libby (brothers), Solomon and John Stone (brothers), Daniel and Japheth Hill (brothers), Isaiah Foster, Westbrook Perry, Isaac Larrjibee, and Daniel Fogg, of this town ; and Thomas Buck, of Plymouth, captain of a coaster, Jonathan Carlton, of Sheepscot, and William Jones, of Portsmouth, 16 in all. This company began the settlement of Machias in 1763; Joel Bonny, a millwright, and Wooden Foster, a blacksmith, of Scarborough, went with them. In 1765 the following persons from Scarborough also joined the col- ony at Machias ; Morris O'Brien, and his two sons, — Gideon and Jeremiah ; Daniel Elliot, Joseph Holmes, Jo.scph and Ebenezer Libby, Benjamin Frost. Joseph Sevey, Joseph Munson, Baloh, Ezekiel Foster, Joseph Getchcll.and Benjamin Foss. Of the names upon the petition to whom the township of Machias was granted, in 1770, there ap- pear no less than 54 from Scarborough. CHURCHES. TOWN MINISTRY. In accordance with the usual early custom in New Eng- land, ministers were called and settled by the town, and supported by the town-tax, until parishes were set oif. The first minister at Black Point whose name appears in the records was Rev. John Thorpe, who was complained of to the Court by Jocelyn and Jordan, in 1659, for." preaching unsound doctrine," Nothing further is recorded concerning him, but probably he did not remain long after that. An- other minister is referred to, but not named, in the record of 1665, where, an entry is made of the fining of Christopher Collins and Sarah Mills " for not paying the minister his stipend." These persons were Quakers, and declined to support the minister on account of their conscientious scruples. But the laws of Massachusetts strictly required all persons to support the clergy of a certain order, whether their consciences allowed them to do so or not.* Sarah Mills afterwards received twenty stripes for Quakerism. | In 1680, Rev. Benjamin Blackman settled in Sear- borough. He was induced to become the town minister through the influence of Capt. Scottow, who gave him 20 acres of land near the Ferry Rocks. He preached one year for the town, being employed by the selectmen, and also represented the town in the Court at York, in 1682. lie had graduated at Harvard College in 1663. He married Rebecca, daughter of Capt. Scottow. In 1683 he removed to Saco, where he became the proprietor of nearly one-fourth of that town. In 1 686 the celebrated George Burroughs, of witchcraft memory, was obtained to preach for the town. He had formerly preached at Falmouth, beginning there in 1674, and was driven from there by the Indians in 1675, but re- turned in 1683. It is not known how long he remained at Black Point. He was put to death in Salem. Aug. 19, 1692, for the alleged crime of witchcraft. - Acts and Laws of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, pp. 16, 34, Ill.ralitioii of 1759. t M;iinc Hist, Coll,, vol, iii, ].. 151, TOWN OP SCARBOROUGH. 367 The first meeting-house in the town was built upon a plain, a short distance from Jocelyn's, wliich stood near the Ferry Rocks. Rev. Hugh Campbell was the first minister of the town under the new organization of 1720. He had been preach- ing some time, when the inhabitants at the first town-meet- ing voted him a " salary of £50 for the year ensuing, besides his meat and drink, washing and lodging." Under this arrangement he preached one year, when he left the town. Rev. Hugh Henry was next settled for a short time, and then the town was without a minister till 1728, when Rev. William Tomp.son began to preach. At this time a church was formed, which was the first regularly organized religious body in the town. The next year Mr Tompson was ordained and installed pastor. His salary was fixed at £100 for the first year, £110 for the second, £120 for the third, and so on, according to the ability of the inhabitants. It seems that the first meeting-liouse had prior to this been destroyed, probably in the Indian wars ; for Mr. Tompson began to preach in the hou.se of Arthur Brag- don, who lived on the plains near the Black Point burying- ground. In March, following, the town voted to build a meeting-house, of the following dimensions : 40 by 35 and 20 feet high. It was erected in 1731, and stood on the north- west corner of the Black Point burying-ground lot. Soon after another was built on the common at Dunstan, and Mr. Tompson ofiiciated alternately in each of these divisions of the town, until the second society was formed in Dunstan, in 1744, by setting ofi" fifteen males and as many females from the Black Point Society. Mr. Tompson continued his labors until his death, in February, 1759. He was held in high esteem, and his loss was deeply deplored. At his death the town voted his " funeral expenses" and " a suit of mourning for the widow."* Parson Smitli s journal, under date of Feb. 13, 1745, makes the following allusion to Mr. Tompson and to Whitefield's preaching here : " Mr. Whitfield has gone to Dunstan." 2l8t, " Mr. W. preached A.M. at Eiddeford, and returned to .Scarboro' and preached for Mr. Tomp- son." 20th, " I heard Mr. Whitfield a.m. at Mr. Allen's, and I'.Jt. at Mr. Tomj)Son's." After Mr. Tompson's death, Rev. Mr. Hill supplied the pulpit for three months, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Ward, who remained but a short time. In 1762 the society, consenting to adopt Pre.sbyterian usages, settled Rev. Thomas Pierce, who remained in the service of the parish till Jan. 26, 1775, the time of his death. He was born in Newbury, Oct. 11, 1737, and graduated at Harvard College in 175!). Rev. Thomas Lancaster was ordained and took charge of the parish in 1775, and continued in the pastorship a period of fifty-six years. In the church record is the fol- lowing entry : •• Voted ye Itev. Mr. Thomas Lancaster Fieu riMiumml Four H,ui- tU-ed Ptntu/fs in the present old paper currency to make good his salary of SU-li/ Pounds." Rev. Mr. Lancaster died Jan. 12, 1831. * Rev. Mr. Tompson was the son of Rev. Edward Tompson, or- dained at Marshfield in Ififtii, and was the father of Justice Tompson, of Scarborough, and of Rev. John Tompson, of Berwick. Rev. Thomas Jameson was ordained as his colleague in 1825. His health failing in 1840, Rev. Daniel Sewall was installed August 26th of that year, and continued two years. He was followed by Rev. Albert W. Fisk till 1848. Rev. William Tobey was settled Sept. 20, 1848, and died Sept. 10, 1849. Rev. James Brown Thornton was ordained pastor of the church June 4, 1851. The meeting-house upon Oak Hill was built in 1799, and was subsequently taken down, and the present neat and comfortable edifice erected. DUNSTAN, SECOND PARLSH. Dunstan was incorporated as a parish in 1758, and from that time the clergymen ceased to be supported by the town as such, each parish supporting its own. Previously to the division of the town into parishes. Rev. Richard Elvins had been settled over the church at Dunstan, and was min- ister at the time of the .separation. He was ordained in November, 1744, and continued in the ministry there till Aug. 12, 1776, the time of his death. His wife was the widow of Rev. Samuel Willard, of Biddeford, whose son Joseph, the distinguished president of Harvard College, was educated and trained for his future greatness under the paternal direction of Mr. Elvins. Eunice, the youngest stepdaughter of Mr. Elvins, was married to Rev. Benjamin Chadwick, his successor in the second parish. Mr. Chad- wick was ordained Dec. 19, 1776, and was minister of the parish about eighteen years. He died in November, 1819. After his retirement the parish was without a minister five years. Dec. 10, 1800, Rev. Nathan Tilton was settled, and continued pastor till 1827. He died in the town Oct. 4, 1851. Mr. Tilton was a graduate of Harvard in 1796, and had served the church acceptably for twenty-seven years. In September, 1829, Rev. Moses Sawyer was installed. He remained eighteen months, and was the last minister of the parish. The largo church of this parish was built in 1800. After Mr. Sawyer's time, no regular services were kept up, and several years ago the edifice was torn down. METHODIST CHURCH. The first MethodLst meeting in town was held at the house of Samuel Harmon, in January, 1802. Rev. Mr. Taylor preached to a small, but interested audience. The next year Mr. Timothy Waterhouse petitioned the General Court for the incorporation of a Methodist Society, to be collected out of Scarborough, Buxton, and Saco. Their first house of worship was at that time erected in Dunstan, and Rev. Asa Heath was appointed the minister. Ui.s congregation consisted of about 200 persons, of whom 411 were communicants. In 1839 the present neat liou.se of worship was erected. BIOGHAFHIGAL SKETCHES. JOHNSON LIBBY, son of Joshua Libby, was born in the town of Scarborough, Cumberland Co., Me., July 4, 1824. He received the ad- vantages of the common school only in obtaining an educa- tion, and spent his minority at home. 368 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. He married Catherine Skillen, by whom he had one daugliter, Mary C, who married H. Libby. After the decease of his first wife he married Miss Lydia Moulton, by whom ho had two sons and one daughter, — Edna, Eu- gene H., and Moulton C. JOHNSON LIBBY. Mr. Libby has taken an active part in the local affairs of his town for many years. In 1863 he was elected town treasurer, and served until 1865. He was elected collector, 1866-67, and the same year was elected selectman, which office he has held continuously since. He is a member of the Democratic party. ASA M. SYLVESTER, son of Asa Sylvester, of Northampton, was born July 8, 1820, in the town of Etna, Penobscot Co., Me., and re- ASA M. SYLVESTER. maiiiwl there until 1864, when he came to Cumberland County, and settled in Scarborough. During his early manhood he learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner and a millwright, and followed this business for twelve years. He then engaged in farming, and continued it until he came to this county. After coming to Scarborough he engaged in millwrighting, and helped build the rolling-mills at Li- gonia. In 1866 he commenced trade as a merchant at Soar- borough Station ; was appointed postmaster of Oak Hill post-office, and continues to hold that office and carry on his mercantile business. For four years he was engaged on a sailing vessel in the coasting trade near Cape Cod. Mr. Sylvester is prominently identified with the Masonic frater- nity, has been a Master Mason for thirty-five years, and has been instrumental in organizing several lodges. He is a Republican in politics, and was never married. JOHN MOULTON, son of Daniel Moulton, was born in the town of Scarborongh, June 24, 1793. His father was a native of the same town, and his ancestors were among the first settlers. His boy- hood was spent in agricultural pursuits. At the age of eighteen he went to sea, and was a common sailor for two years, visiting the West Indies and important seaports in this country. Returning home, he engaged in farming and lumbering. At the age of twenty-two he settled in Hart- ford, Oxford Co., Me., purchased a farm, and two years later, Dec. 25, 1817, married Sophia Barrow, of Hebron. Their children are Gratia, Cyrus F., John, William, Allen B. For twenty years, Mr. Moulton remained in Oxford County, and then returned to his native town, where he has since resided. In 1867 he was elected selectman for one term. Mrs. Moulton died June 27, 1877. His son Wil- liam resides with his father on the farm, and is a civil en- gineer. Mr. Moulton is a Democrat in politics, and has been honored with the offices of treasurer and collector of his town, and is now an acting justice of the peace. In 1874 he was elected to the Legislature, and re-elected in 1S75. CYRUS F. MOULTON, son of John Moulton, was born in the town of Scarborough, Dec. 20, 1823. He resided at home until the age of twenty, when he went on board a sailing vessel, — the brig " Elmira," — making three trips ; then as able .seaman, serving one year; second mate for two voyages, when he was promoted to captain, and followed the sea for eighteen years, principally engaged in the West India trade, but made trips to Eng- land, Spain, Holland, and South America. In 1850 he married Olive M. Foss, of Saco, Me. They have five children, — Frank F., Gratia, Alice J., Albion F., Hattie A. In 1857, Mr. Moulton was elected on the Democratic ticket to the Legislature, and served one term. In 1862 he was elected collector, and remained in office for two years. In 1872 he was again elected collector, and in 1878 treas- urer, and remains in office. I ^■f \ I CAl'X. C. F. MOULTON. A-J-^ (^pfp,f/i^-C,'-L'a^:<^ .KlIiriAN 1,. LARKABEE. CAPT. JIllIX I.ARKAUEE. BENJAMIN LARKABEE. I'hotoi. by Lamson, rurthillii. CYRUS MILLIKEN. TOWN OF SEBAGO. 369 JORDON L. LARRABEE, son of Benjamin Larrabee, was born in the town of Scar- borough, June 4, 1818. His boyhood was spent in the routine of farm work and attending school. His father died in 1833, and soon afterwards he went to Portland and became an apprentice to learn the carpenters' and joiners' trade, which after he had learned, he followed for a number of years, and then gave his attention to agricultural pur- suits. He is now the owner of one of the finest and best producing farms in Scarborough. In 1849 he married Caroline F. Beals. They have two sons, — Allen, born Aug. 20, 1852, a practicing physician of prominence; Setli, born July 22, 1855, a lawyer in Portland. Mr. Larrabee is well known for his industry, integrity, and good judgment. He is a Republican in politics. JOHN LARRABEE, son of Benjamin Larrabee, was born March 19, 1808, in the town of Scarborough. His minority was spent on the farm and attending school. In 1833 his father died, and he has continued to carry on the farm occupied by him. He married, July 4, 1832, Asenath, daughter of Demericus McKenney, of Livingston, York Co., Me. They have five children, — Wm. H., born July 15, 1834; Mary H., born Aug. 2, 1838; Benjamin Scott, born Sept. 2, 1840; Har- riet S., born Jan. 14, 1842. Mr. Larrabee received his familiar title of captain when connected with the State militia, many years ago. He has been somewhat active in politics, and is a Republican. In 1851 he was elected to the Legislature, re-elected in 1852-53, and wa.s appointed two terms to fill vacancies. BENJAMIN LARRABEE, son of Joseph Larrabee, was born on the farm where lie now resides, in the town of Scarborougli, Dec. 8, 1829. This farm was settled by his great-grandfather about one hundred and fifty years ago, and has remained in the family since. His great-grandfather, Benjamin, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and his father was a soldier in the war of 1812-14. He received a common-scliool education during his boy- hood, and from early maidiood has been a farmer. In all his business relations he is known for his integrity, and for his liberal and liearty support of church and charittible interests. In politics he is a member of the Republican party. He married, June 3, 1869, Mahala R. Hunt, of Troy, N. Y. They have two children, — Joseph S., born July 22, 1870, and Susie E., born May 20, 1873. SEBAGO. DESCRIPTION AND BOUNDAllIES. Sebago, which is low and level near Sebago Lake, is rough and broken, rising in the high, bare peaks of Tiger, Peaked, and Saddleback Mountains, in the northeast and south. The centre and western parts are diversified by valleys, ridges, and small lakes. Among these are Brown's, formerly called Sabbath-Day Pond, Perley, Fitch's, south- east. Tobacco or Hancock, and on the north border. Pea- body and Great Hancock Ponds. The soil is sand and clay, and is susceptible of cultivation to near the mountain tops. Nearly the whole town is visible from the top of Saddleback Mountain, which rises near the south line. The town of Sebago was incorporated Feb. 10, 1826, and was originally a part of Baldwin. A part of Denmark was added in 1830, a part of Baldwin subsequently, and a part of Naples was taken off in 1851. It is bounded on the north by Naples and Bridgton, on the ea.st by Sebago Lake, on the .south by Baldwin, and on the west by Hiram and Denmark, in Oxford County. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement of Sebago was induced by the heavy pine forests which covered its lands, and the easy access to 47 market by way of Northwest River and Sebago Lake. For upwards of fifty years from the first settlement, in 1790, men chopped and .sawed, hallooed at their o.xon, rolled logs, and camped among tlie fallen tree-tops, disappearing with the first giant growth of pine, and leaving no record but the ruin they had wrought. A few remained, and their grand.sons inherit productive farming lands, surrounded by beautiful groves which have grown since the memory of the oldest inhabitant. Joseph Lakiii and Jacob Howe were the first settlers in the town. Mr. Howe carried the first mail from Bridgtou to Portland, making the trip once a week on hoi-seback, before the roads were opened. Jo.scph Lakin came from Groton, Mass., and built his cabin on " the ridge ;" return- ing for his family and goods, cros.sed Sebago Lake in a boat, and made his way through the difficult path to where he hoped the public road would soon be built. George P. Lakin, of Harrison, is his son. Deacon Daniel Hill, father of Daniel J. and Charles" Hill, then a young man of twenty-seven, married Mr. Lakin's daughter, Polly, in 1799, settled himself on the same land, and left it to his sons, the present occupants. Ilis sons, John, Loran, Thomas, and Charles H. Hill, are residents of HarrLson. Joseph Fitch 370 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. settled near tlie Jewell place, where he was joined by David Potter, in 1802. In 1808, Edward Dike, from Massachu- setts, moved witli his i'auiily to the north side of Saddleback Mountain, near the highest peak. Oliver D. Dike and Kim- ball W. Dike, his sons, are the present occupants. From this point nearly the whole town can be seen, witii its eight ponds and lakes. Capt. James Babb came from Gorham in 1817, and with two workmen opened a cooper-shop near Joseph Fitche's place, and a store, the first in lown, where he kept West India goods, cotton for spinning, and a few of the most needful articles of trade. His goods were kept in a lean-to at one end of the cooper-shop. Capt. Babb was first ser- geant in Capt. Robie's company, at Portland, in the war of 1812, and rode all night to alarm the company when called out. John B. Brown settled first near Brown's Pond, pre- viou.sly known as Sabbath Day Pond. Jonathan Sanborn settled on Tiger Hill, in the north. To the east, on Peaked Mountain, was James Gray. Beniah Davis joined Capt. Babb on the ridge. John Dougla.ss, father of Rufus and Andrew Douglass, settled near Northwest Lake in 1825. Robert McDonald was an early settler south of Sebago. A road was opened from the landing northward past Perley Pond in 1821, and a hugh pine trough built in between two trees was made the feeding-place for teams hauling freight. Near the pond is the scene of an attempt to con- struct a log " drive" or chute, which failing to work, after much expense, received the name of Pingree's Folly, by which it is still known. In the busy days of lumbering as many as 11,000 logs have been discharged from Southwest River in a single drive. The best pine was often sold for $2 per thousand feet, and $3 was an exorbitant price. Many of the early purchasers bought the land for the tim- ber alone, and it was not until that was exhausted it was believed to be valuable for farms. Daniel and Josiah Mc- Kenney built a mill on the Northwest River above the pond, in 1830, and commenced sawing the hemlock, which was previou.sly considered worthless. About 1835 a large town- house was erected in the centre of the town, where, alone in the woods, it has been the scene of semi-annual j)ulitical gatherings until the present day. BURYING-OPtOUNDS. Tiie old cemetery, a short distance south of the farm first settled by Joseph Lakin, contains a beautiful statue, sur- mounting a monument to the Potter family. Conspicuous among the names it bears are those of Col. David Potter, one of Sebago's most prominent and useful citizens, who died in 1830, aged sixty-four; and Capt. Amos Storer, who died in 18(j3. The flag of our country surmounts the name of Charles W. Cole, Company K, 25th Maine Regiment. Here rests also Rev. Samuel Tyler, who died Oct. 13, 1867, after a life of usefulness as a Christian teacher and citizen. At New Limington the graves of Deacon William Haley, Robart Libby, Seth and John Pugsley, William Whitney, and Dennis Johnson, all of them old pioneers, attach a historic interest to the little burying-grounds of their families. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. NF.W LIMINGTON is a scattered hamlet near South East Pond, thirteen miles from Bridgton Centre, containing fifteen scattered resi- dences, a school-house, the fir.st church built in the town, and the grange supply-store and assembly-room. There are here two small and well laid out burying-grounds, con- taining the remains of the early pioneers and their families. EAST SEB.\GO, a fjuarter of a mile from Sebago Lake, was originally set- tled by William Fitch, Esq., who built the first saw-mill on the site of the present grist-mill, on North West River. The mills now include saw, stave, planing, and general wood-work. In 1873 the sons of Luther Fitch formed the present management, under the style of Fitch Brothers. The first store, built in 1829, and occupied by Elijah Ful- ton for the accommodation of lumbermen, was burned in 1855. There is a steamboat-landing here, for transfer of goods and shipment of lumber. Mails are tri-weekly. John P. Fitch, postmaster. Post-ofiice established 1870. Haskell's landing, a mile north, was formerly a shipping point for wood and timber. SEBAGO, lying upon the northern slope of Saddleback Mountain, overlooking " the Pond," is the old Fitch homestead. The stave-mill occupies the site of the first saw-mill built by William Fitch, Esq. The first grist-mill was built at the outlet of the pond in 1798. Luther Fitch opened a store here in 1830; afterwards burned, with all the town records, previous to 1864. The only lawyer of the town, E. L. Poor, has done business since 1806. The Union church, school-house, and half dozen residences complete the sei> tlement. FIRST TOWN-MEETING. The first meeting to elect town oflicers was held at the school-house, formerly the 5th district of Baldwin, March 13, 1826. The petition for this election was signed by Oliver M. Pike, Samuel McOrrison, Samuel Dike, Edward Dike, Reuben Cook, William Norton, George Whitney, William Irish, James Gray, .Scolly G. Usher, William Sanborn, James Cook, and George W. Dillingno. There were 89 votes polled. Owing to the destruction of the town records by fire, in 1864, it is impassible to present a com- plete list of town officers. CIVIL LIST. SELECTSrEN. 1826-27.— William Fitch, Oliver M. Tike, Joseph Leavitt. 1S28.— Oliver M. Pike, David Potter, Jr., Joseph Leavitt. 1829.— William Fitch, Joseph Leavitt, John Ringsley. IS.'JO.— Oliver M. Pike, David Potter, Robert Staple. 1831. — Oliver M. Pike, Joseph Leavitt, John Pugsley. 1832.— David Potter, John tJ. Cannell, Timothy Goodwin. 1833. — David Potter, Nathan Parker, David Brown. 1834-35.— David Potter, Luther Filch, William Hiiley. 1836.- Oliver M. Pike, Samuel Dyer, llobcrt Staples. 1837. — David Potter, .Joseph Brown, Reuben Whitney. 1838. — David Potter, Joseph Brown, John Langley. 1839-41.— David Potter, Robert McDonald, William Haley. LUTHER FITCH REBECCA FITCH. ( PBOTOS BV CON-.NT ) Res. OF rnr LATE LLITHFR MIlh, ■J )V\ u\r nrt MICH BROTHFRS East Sebago TOWN OF SEBAGO. 371 1842-43. — Dnvid Potter, William Haley, Richard Larrabcc. 1844.— William Haley, Samuel Tyler, Thomas W. Larrabcc. 1345.— William Haley, Luther Fitch, William Bickfonl. 1S46.— Roliert McDonaUl, John Libby, William Ward. 184T.— David Potter, William Ward, James Weed. 1848. — Robert McDonald, James Weed, Moses R. Dyer. 1S49.— William Fitch, Jr., Williiun Ward, Oliver D. Dike. 1850.— Elijah Fulton, William li. Pike, Seth Douglass. 1851.— Hubert McDonald, Elijah Fulton, William Haley. 1S52.— William Fitch, Jr., William B. Pike, Elijah Fulton. 18.i3.— Robert McDonald, William B. Pike, John D. Martin. 1S54.— David Potter, William Whitney. 1855.— William B. Pike, J. E. McDonald, William Haley, Jr. 1856.— William B. Pike, John E. McDonald, Amos Ward. 1857.— William B. Pike, J. E. Brown, William Haley, Jr. 1858.— David Potter, Amos Ward, William Haley, Jr. 1859.— William B. Pike, Stephen R. Potter, Arthur Boothby. I860.— Edwin L. Pike, Moses R. Dyer. 1861.- Moses R. Dyer, John D. Martin, William Haley, Jr. 1862.— John D. Martin, William Haley, Jr., Almon Young. 1863.— William B. Pike, Moses R. Dyer, Charles A. McKeiiney. 1864. — John D. Martin, Charles A. McKenncy, Almon Young. 1865. — John D. Martin, Charles A. McKenney, Peter B. Young. 1866. — Almon Young, Charles A. McKenney, A. F. Richardson. 1867.— John D. Martin, Charles A. McKenney, A. F. Richardson. 1868.- John D. Miirtin, James S. Martin. 1869.— Oliver D. Dike, William Haley, Jr., J. P. Flint. 1870-71.— John D. Martin, Wm. W. Fitch, George W. McKenney. 1872.— William W. Fitch, John P. Fitch, James C. Babb. 1873. — John D. Martin, Charles A. McKenney. 1874.- James C. Babb, Albert D. Siinborn, Charles A. McKenney. 1875.— John D. Martin, James C. Babb, E. L. Poor. 1876.— James C. Babb, John P. Fitch, Charles Davis. 1877.- William B. Pike, Amos Ward, George W. McKenney. 1878.— William B. Pike, E. L. Poor, Albion P. Fickett. 1879. — John D. Martin, Joseph B. Brown, Reulien Sanborn. COLLECTORS. Scully G. Usher, 1826 ; Nicholas Davis, 1827 ; John Pugsley, 1828-35 ; Joseph Brown, 1836 ; William Fitch, Jr., 1837-38; James Weed, 1839 ; John E. McDonald, 1840 ; James Babb, 1841 ; James Weed, 1842-46; Elijah Fulton, 1847-48; John D. Martin, 1849; Edwin L. Poor, 1850; William W. Fitch, 1851; Elijah Fulton, 1852 ; James Brown, 1853; Almon Y'oung, 1854: James Brown, 1855 -58; Almon Young, 1859; James C. Babb, 1860; Charles A. McKenney, 1861; Peter B. Y'oung, 1862; Almon Young, 1863; Silas B. McKenney, 1864; Almon B.Young, 1865; Peter B. Young, 1866; Edwin L. Poor, 1867; Amos Ward, 1868; Charles A. McKenney, 18G9; Albert H. Sanborn, 1870-73; Edwin L. Poor, 1874; William Haley, Jr., 1875-77; Albert H. Sanborn, 1878-79. TOWN CLERKS. The first town clerk was William Fitch, Esq.; Rev. Samuel Tyler; John D. M.artin; Charles H. Y'oung, 1864; Peter W. Sawyer, 1865; Peter B. Young, 1866; Stephen R. Porter, 1867-68; Ho- ratio H. Cole, 1869; James C. Babb, 1870-71; Luther H. Fitch, 1872; Oliver D. Dike, 1873; Luther H. Fitch, 1874; James C. Babb, 1875-76; Orestes W. Brown, 1877-79. TREASURERS. William Fitch, 1826; William Fitch, Jr., 1837; James Weed, 1842 -46; Elijah Fulton, 1852; William W. Fitch, 1857; William W. Fitch, 1866: Daniel J. Hill, 1867; Silas B. McKenney, 1S68; Reuben Sanborn, 1869; Daniel J. Hill, 1870-71; L. H. Fitch, 1872; Reuben Sanborn, 1873-74; Daniel J. Hill, 1875; John D. Martin, 1876-78; Reuben Sanborn, 1879. CHURCHES. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH OP SEHAGO was organized by Revs. James Libby, Jeremiali Bullock, and John Steven.s, Nov. 19, 1826. Mr. Stevens, who was the first pastor, preached Ills first sermon in the little scIioqIt hou.se near the old church. Among the first members were William Haley, who was chosen deacon ; Mrs. Haley, James Weed, ]\Ir,s. Tlioiiiaf; Butler, Pliuehe, wife of Rev. Reuben Whitney ; Isaac RiJlnn, and John Jloody and wife. James Weed was made clerk. Rev. Mr. Stevens wa.s succeeded by Revs. John Pike, Samuel Tyler, and Rev. Reuben Whit- ney, who remained until his death in 1837. Rev. Naum Foss preached here in 1845, and was succeeded in 1847 by Rev. J. Buzzel, through who.se efforts the General Provis- ional Bapti.st Church was formed with twenty of the members. Paine Kesser was chosen second deacon, and Lemuel Dyer clerk. Rev. Walker B. Parker has been settled pastor since 1866. A meeting-house was built at New Limington, in 1844, by Deacon William Ilaley, John Pugsley, and William Whitney, trustees. There are 42 members. John D. JIartin is deacon and church clerk. The Scbago village church was built in 1856 by a com- pany of ten, styled the Sebago Meeting-house Corporation, each of whom paid in $100. They were Oliver D. Dike, Stephen P. Douglass, Nathan S. Chadbourne, Reuben San- born, John Fitch, Luther Fitch, Joseph Ridlon, Charles Hill, Abram Tyler, and Kimball J. Dike. Under a war- rant issued by David Potter, Esq., they met March 24, 1856. Oliver D. Dike was made chairman, and Reuben Sanborn secretary. The land was donated at Sebago vil- lage by William Fitch. This church was dedicated by Revs. Cyril Pearl and William P. Merrill, June 25, 1857. At a council held at this house May 18, 1858, a Free-Will Baptist Church was organized. Oliver D. Dike was made clerk, and Jo.seph Merrill deacon. Mrs. Dike, James Weed, James Gray and wife, Daniel Young, and Nathaniel Bolter were admitted at this time. Rev. Charles Bean was the first regular minister, making many additions to their number during the year. Rev. J. M. Perkins, the next Baptist preacher, came in 1868. and continued to preach until 1872. The meeting-house has been shared with the Congregationalist Church since 1876, the two congregations joining in the support of the different ministers alternately. The receipts from the old parish fund of Baldwin, amount- ing to §6400, is divided between the two towns, and ap- propriated to the payment of the ministers' salaries by a committee elected annually by the parish at town-meeting. THE CONGREGATIONALIST SOCIETY OF SEUAGO is a part of the Baldwin Church, comprising about 30 members, who are parti;dly supplied with preaching in the Sebago church by the Baldwin p;istor. SCHOOL.S. The first school-teacher of Sebago was Miss Rebecca Hale, who taught previous to 1798. On its organization, in 1830, Sebago contained 271 school children, in six dis- tricts, drawing §176.50 for the support of schools. In 1848 there were ten districts and 341 scholars. There are now nine districts, five having good school-houses, and 263 school children, 239 of whom have attended school during the year. The school property is viilued at SI 600. There have been $1103 expended for schools in 1878, with an expense of $23 for supervising. There have been $743 yoted by the town, and $459 received from the State. The 372 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. average wages for teachers lias been $13.25 for female and $22. GO for male teachers. School supervisor for 1879, James C. Babb. Dr. Josejjh F. Potter, a prominent phy- sician of Cincinnati, Ohio, a native of Sebago, and son of Daniel Potter, who was for years a prominent citizen, fur- ni.shed the Sunday-schools of Sebago with books and papers, and at his death left a bequest of $30,000 to establish a free high school on the death of his wife, the school to be located within one mile of the present Sebago village. ASSt)CIATIOiSfS. PATRONS OP HUSBANDRY. MiipJe Grove Grange, No. 148, was organized April lit, 1875. The first officers were Joseph Brown, Master; Charles Davis, Sec. ; Mary Davis, Ceres. A branch of the State grange store was established at New Limington in 1876, with Charles Davis agent for this grange. Mr. Davis has been Master since 1876. Present membership, 34. A charitable anti-tobacco and temperance society was organized in 1840, which exercised a commendable influence for some years, until the spirit of reform became general. PKOMINENT MEN. William Fitch, Esq., who settled at Sebago in 1792, was the fir.st postmaster, town clerk, and first representative of Sebago in the Legislature. He was one of the most ener- getic business men, and for many years a leading citizen, serving several terms as magistrate. Oliver D. Dike, a prominent citizen, represented his dis- trict in the Legi-slature in 1857. John D. Martin, for many years selectman, was elected to the Legislature in 1873, and again in 1876. James C. Babb, the present school commissioner, has been for some years a leading citizen. The merchants of the town have been James C. Babb, John E. McDonald, David Brown, William Bickford, pre- vious to 1840. Present, Fitch Brothers, East Sebago; John P. Fitch, Sebago; Charles Davis, New Limington. MANUFACTUKES. Fitch Brothers, staves and general wood-working material, established 1 829. George C. Dow, smith, established 1 877. E. L. Poor, a young man of energy, resident at Sebago, is the only lawyer of the town. f BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. WILLIAM FITCH was born in Groton, Mass., in 1792. His father, William, a native of the same place, came to the town of Sebago in 1793, purchased and settled the farm now owned and occu- pied by the subject of tiiis narrative, and was appointed the first postmaster in the town. William Fitch, Jr., had limited opportunities for an education, and from early man- hood to the close of his active business life was a farmer and lumberman. In 1821 he married Betsey S. Usher, of Ma.ssachusetts. Their children are William, Lydia, Lizzie, Charles (de- ceased), John, Ellis, Emma (deceased), IMary, and Luther. He now resides in the house built by his father in 1811, a view of which, with his portrait, may be seen in this work. He is a member of the Republican party, was the first treasurer of the town, and for many years postmaster. He is liberal in the promotion of all worthy enterprises, and especially in contributions to church and school inter- ests. His daughter Lydia resides with him on the old homestead, and cares for him in his declining years. His wife died Oct. 18, 1855. 1 STANDISH. INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES. The town of Standish was incorporated Nov. 30, 1785, and named in honor of Miles Standish. It is indented in the north by Sebago Lake ; bounded on the east by Wind- ham and Gorham ; on the south by Buxton, in York County ; on the west by the Saco River ; and on the north by Bald- win and Sebago. The land is low and sandy in the north- ern part, rocky and more elevated towards the south and east, with a mixture of clay towards the Saco River ; the north is timbered plains, and uninhabited. The Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad runs through 'the town, and the Cumberland and Oxford Canal formerly connected with Sebago Lake at the eastern point. Tiic Portland Water- Works Company take their water for the city from the lake, at South Bay. The first election was held at the meeting-house, March 27, 1786. John Deane, Esq, was chosen moderator; be- sides the principal officers, there were elected surveyors of highways, tithing-men, fence-viewers, field-drivers, pound- keeper, an informer of deer, a sealer of leather, cullers of hoops and staves, sealer of weights and measures, wardens, a committee for examining accounts, a mini.ster to preach three months, and an appropriation of .£25 voted for his salary. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Ebenezer Shaw, the original settler of Standish, came from Hampton, N. H., in response to an ofier, made hira TOBWS LORD. MRS. TOBIAS LORD. RESfDENCE: a Mills or TOBIAS lord Steep Falls Cumberland Co me TOWN OF STAN DISH. 373 by Moses Pearson, of 200 acres of land and a sawmill, if lie would build the mill, and move to the place with his I'ainily. Mr. Shaw came in 17G3, and built the mill in nine daj's' time. A fort, sixty feet square, had previously been erected of heavy, hewn timbers by the proprietors, in the present crossing of the roads, at Standish Corner, and lots laid out. Mr. Shaw was followed, the same year, by Daniel Cram, Daniel Sanborn, John Sanborn, Jonathan Sanborn, Michael Piiilbrick, Jonathan Philbrick, John Pierce, Moses Lowcl, Caleb Kowe, Worthy Moulton, Jon- athan Bean, and Jabez Dow, from New Hampshire, most of them having families. Judith, daughter of Jonathan Philbrick, born Aug. 27, 17G3, was the first white child born in Standish. Samuel Warren settled at Bonny Eagle in 1768. The first baptism recorded was that of Mary Freeman, in 1769. Daniel Harmon, John Hall, James Moody, Moses Richardson, and Dominicus Mitchell came previous to 1776. Joseph Paine came from Cape Cod, Mass., in 1780. James Moody opened a blacksmith-shop near Standish Corner, in 1775 ; Josiah Shaw kept a tavern. In 1783, Aaron Parker purchased 200 acres of land on " the Neck," where his grandson Charles Parker now lives, ibr £150, and occupied it with his family. In 1782, Thomas Shaw built a windmill to grind corn. This was the first corn-mill in the town, and, with good wind, would grind fifty bushels of corn a day. In 1788 it was turned into an ashery, as tlie result of public enterprise at town-meeting. At this time there were forty voters in the town. Ashes were collected in a sail-boat, which travensed Sebago Lake, and brought sixpence a bushel. Eliakim Wcscott settled on the Neck, near Wescott Falls, in 1795. Sergeant Shaw and Annie Tompson, the first couple joined in marriage, were united by John Deane, Esq., Sept. 14, 1786. The first few years the settlement was sur- rounded with hardships and dangers. When threatened by Indians, the little colony sought refuge in the fort. Be- coming nearly starved on one occasion, two of the bravest ventured forth into the deep woods and shot a moose. Cutting off a quarter, they hastened into the ibrt, and re- turned with help for the remainder, only to find that the Indians had taken their game. John McGill, a hunter, lived in the fort for some years, until it was torn down to make room for the first church, which was erected in its place in 1769, and which was in turn torn down, after re- peated efforts to have it removed. One dark night in 1805, Edward Tompson, Esq., magistrate, who kept a tavern joining the corner, was aroused by the crash of tearing shingles and clapboards. Taking bis perforated tin lantern in one hand, and " the riot act" in the other, he sallied forth and commenced to read ; before he had proceeded far, the destroyers threw shingles and put out his light; by this time, Dr. Howe, who kept the tavern where I. D. Saw- yer's coat-factory stands, had come to his assistance, — but in vain. The morning sun rose only upon ruins, which were afterwards built into a school-house, and the street was clear. PLACES OP HISTORIC INTEREST. The old home of Elliot Hammond, built by him in 1778, is the oldest building in the town. It stands overlooking the lake across the lower bay, a short distance to the east of the ground where, upon a grassy knoll, sleep the remains of Josiah Moses and the Waterhouse and Harmon fam- ilies. The large weather-beaten house standing with its eaves to the road, and overlooking the lake from the bluft" oppo- .site Indian Isle, was built by Wni. Cummings in 1785, John Cummings, grandfather of Hiram T. Cummings, set- tling near by. The great willow in front has grown from a twig planted eight years after, and before breaking down spread over a diameter of 160 feet.* Much of the tim- bered lands surrounding it were the cultivated fields of the pioneers. John Smith bought the old Cummings house of Dr. Howe, in 1825. Indian Isle, a wooded knoll of 100 acres, was a rendezvous of Indians, and it is here, tra- dition says, white prisoners wore secreted in the early wars. Stone implements are still sometimes found upon the island. A boat capsizing years ago near this island, with five men, who were never found afterwards, attaches a weird interest to the place. It is said this lake never gives up its dead. On the road leading from Standish Corner to the lake is the home of the poet Shaw, bi*ilt in 1774, where the first settlement was made by Ebenezer Shaw. The ballads of Thomas Shaw, the son, were well known along the coast of Maine for many years, and date back to the Revolutionary war. Conspicuous among his productions was the " Ship- wreck of the Schooner Charles," on Richmond's Island, July 12, 1807. The ballad was headed by sixteen black coffins, to represent the number of victims, and surrounded with a heavy border. Thomas Siiaw, his son, occupies the old homestead, which contains many relics of early days. The old church at Standish Corner is pointed out to the stranger as a monument to the religious energy of sires and grandsires, who rest in the cemetery across llie street and in various parts of the town. BURYING-GKOUNDS. In 1772, Moses Pear.son deeded to the town one-half acre of land at Standish Corner for a buryiiig-ground. This is the oldest cemetery in the town, and contains the remains of Rev. Jonathan Gould, Isaac Snow Tompson, whose epi- taph is " First Physician of Standish ;" John Deane, Esq., Deacon Jonathan Philbrick, and others equally venerated. There is a fine large cemetery at Steep Falls, inclosed with iron and granite and regularly laid out. The Bonny Eagle, containing the Warren, Davis, and Sturgis pioneers, and Peltiah McDonald, " a soldier of the Revolution ;" the Harding Ground, on the Neck, whore rest Rev. Elias F. Blake and Rev. Joseph White, are the principal burying- "rounds in Standish, besides which there are thirty private and family burying-places in various parts of the town. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. ST.\NDISH CORNER, the point of original .settlement, was for many years the business centre of Standish and the country to the north- west, which furnished a busy trade for two tanneries, six stores, and three hotels. The opening of the Portland and 0"densburg Railroad transferred the business to Sebago 374 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Lake Station, which also absorbed that of the old landing where the Portland water-works connect with that lake. The business of the place consists of two coat manufacto- ries, a general niercliaiidise store, ladies' goods, hotel, harness- shop, marble- and blacksmith-shops, law-office, and two physicians. There arc three churches, school-house, town farm and buildings, — established 18G7, — and sixty dwellings. This is the oldest post-office in the town. Mails twice daily by stage, IVom Sebago Lake. ,s?;b.vgo lakk, on the lower bay of the lake, contains a depot, twenty-five dwellings, three stores, hotel, grist- and wood-mill, two clothing manufactories, carriage-shop, and the store-rooms of the Sebago Lake Ice Company of Portland. There was but one store on the opening of the railroad. A steam- boat line was opened between Sebago Lake Station, Naples, Bridgton, and Harrison in 1867. Post-office established Jan. 1, 1872 ; Nathaniel Lane was first postmaster. Bonny Eagle is a post-office hamlet, of which twelve houses, the school-house, and the Methodist Episcopal church extend along the road from Bonny Eagle Island in Saco River to York's Corner, where there is a store and several shops. STEEP FALLS is the principal village of Standish ; is a station on the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, and contains five stores, a post-office, hotel, church, saw-mill, and wood-working machinery, and is a shipping-point for lumber. There are thirty-eight residences in Standish, and some on the oppo- site side of the Saco River. The first settlement here was made by Capt. Benjamin Poland, who built a mill a mile below the falls in 1826. James Foss opened the first store in 1829. Tobias Lord erected a gri.st-mill in 1836. Wil- liam Pierce established the first hotel here in 1826. The place is finely located on high land and surrounded by beautiful groves. RICIIVILLE is a flag station near Rich's mill, in the north part of the town. CIVIL LIST. SELECTMEN. 1786. — Caleb Rowe, Daniel Hasty, John Deane. 1787. — Josiah .Shaw, Peter Moultou, Enoch Linnel. 1788. — Isaac S. Toinpson, Jusiah Shaw, George Freeman. 1789.— Peter Moulton, Josiah Shaw, Thomas Shaw. 1790. — John Deane, Daniel Hasty, Job Eastman. 1791. — Peter Moulton, Enoch Linnel, George Freeman. 1792. — Peter Moulton, Theodore Mussey, George Freeman. 1793.— Joseph C. Rackliff, Dominicus Mitchell, .Tamos D. Tucker. 1794. — Peter Moulton, Daniel Lowell, Dominicus Mitchell. 1795. — James D. Tucker, Dominicus Mitchell, Peter Moulton. 1796. — James D. Tucker, Dominicus Mitchell, George Freeman. 1797.— Dominicus Mitchell, Enoch Linnel, Peter Moulton. 1798. — Dominicus Mitchell, .Tames D. Tucker, Enoch Linnel. 1799-1800. — James D. Tucker, Edmond Massey, Joseph Dow. 1801. — Peter Moulton, John Deane, Josiah Shaw, Daniel Hasty, Levi Gram. 1802. — Peter Moulton, Levi Cram, Joseph Dow. 1803. — Levi Cram, William Tompson, Jonathan Pliilbrick. 1804.— Peter Moulton, James D. Tucker, John Snnboru. 1805. — Levi Cram, AVilliam Tompson, Wm. Higgins. 1806.— William Tompson, John Lowell, William Higgins. 1807.— William Tompson, Williaiii Higgins, James Hasty. 1808.— Peter Moulton, Daniel Hastj', .Sargent Shaw. 1809.— Simeon Moulton, Peter Rowe, James D. Tucker. 1810. — Simeon Moulton, Daniel Hasty, Jr., Samuel Dcnnot. 1811. — Simeon Moulton, Moses Rich, John Sanborn. 1812.— Simeon Moulton, Moses Rich, William Graffam. 1813.— Simeon Moulton, Daniel Hasty, Jr., Wm. Hasty, Jr. 1814. — Simeon Moulton, William Hasty, Jr., Jonathan Dow. 1815-16.- Edmund Mussey, Daniel Hasty, Jr., John Spring. 1817-18.— Simeon Moulton, Mark White, Timothy Higgins, Jr. 1819.— Simeon Moulton, Daniel Hasty, Knowles Higgins. 1820.— Simeon Moulton, Col. John Spring, Mark White. 1821.— Mark White, William Tompson, William Hasty, Jr. 1822. — William Tompson, Benjamin Haskell, Jr., James Hasty, Jr. 1823.— William Tompson, Knowles Higgins, Jonathan Dow. 1824. — Isaac S. Spring, Sargent Shaw, Jonathan Dow. 1825.— William Tompson, Mark White, John Cumniings, Jr. 1826-27.— Wm. Tompson, John Cummings, Jr., Enoch F. Higgins. 1828.— John Cummings, Jr., William Tompson, Enoch F. Higgins. 1829.— William Hasty, Sargent Shaw, Jabcz Dow. 1830-32. — Benjamin Poland, Benjamin Cbadbourne, Jabez Dow. 1833-35. — Benjamin Cbadbourne, Edmund Mayo, Lemuel Rich. 1836-37.— Benjamin Cbadbourne, Lemuel Rich, Jabez Dow. 1838.— Benjamin Chaclbourne, Daniel Davis, Tobias Lord. 1839. — Tobias Lord, Daniel Davis, Peter Shaw. 1840. — Lemuel Rich, Daniel Davis, Peter Shaw. 1841. — Lemuel Rich, Samuel Phinney, Joseph Sanborn. 1842. — Samuel Phinney, Joseph Sanborn, Lemuel Rich. 1843. — Lemuel Rich, Samuel Phinney, John Knapp. 1844-45. — Joseph Sanborn, Ebenezer Moulton, Etiakim Wescott. 1840-17.— Joseph Sanborn, Wm. T. Cbadbourne, Frederick Lowell. 1848.— William T. Cbadbourne, Frederick Lowell, Joshua Paine, .Ir. 1849. — Joseph Sanborn, .Toseph S. Tompson, James Foss. 1851. — Joseph Sanborn, Joseph S. Tompson, Josiah Moulton. 1852.— Joseph S. Tompson, Lemuel Rich (3d), Wilson Dow. 1853.— Joseph S. Tompson, Scith Higgins, Eliakim Wescott. 1854. — ^Joseph S. Tompson, Jonathan Moore, Amos Boulter. 1855. — Joseph S. Tompson, Henry M. Chadbournc, Joseph Sanborn. 1856.— Henry M. Cbadbourne, Seth Higgins, Peter Paine. 1857. — Joseph Sanborn, Frederick Lowell, Eliakim Wescott. 1858. — William Paine, Josiah L. Swett, Samuel L. Davis. 1859-60. — Samuel 0. Paine, Lemuel Rich (3d). Arza Mayo. 1861.— John H. Philbrick, Lemuel Rich (3d), William Wingato. 1862.— Lemuel Rich (3d), Eiisha B. Mitchell, Harvey Wescott. 1863. — Joseph Sanborn, Ebenezer Moulton, Asa Berry. 1864. — Joseph S. Tompson, Samuel 0. Paine, Amos Boulter. 1865. — Ebenezer Moulton, Joseph Sanborn, Asa Berry. 1866. — Ebenezer Sloulton, William Freeman, Samuel 0. Paine. 1867. — Samuel 0. Paine, James K. Emery, Merritt I. Paine. 1868.- Merrilt I. Paine, Wm. D. Freeman, Daniel S. Davis. 1869.— Wilson Dow, William H. Dresser, Eliakim Wescott. 1870-71.— William H. Dresser, Eliakim Wescott, Wilson Dow. 1872.— Wilson Dow, Ambrose Cram, William Rich. 1873. — Ambrose Cram, Eiisha B. Mitchell, Augustus Y. Staples. 1874. — Henry M. Cbadbourne, Oris R. Phinney, A. S. Hutchinson. 1875.— John D. Higgins, .Samuel Dingley, Augustus S. Hutchinson. 1876.— Henry M. Chadbournc, Wm. H. Libby. Orville S. Sanborn. 1877. — Henry M. Cbadbourne, Seth Higgins, Almon H. Cressey. 1878.— Orville S. Sanborn, Tobias Lord, Jr., Ichabod Cousins. 1879.— Almon U. Cres.sey, Winthrop B. Dresser, John H. Davis. TOWN CLERKS. Theodore Mussey, 1780-89; Dominicus Mitchell, 1790; Theodore Mussey, 1791-95; James D. Tucker, 1796; Theodore Mussey, 1797-1803; William Tompson, 1804-7; Daniel Hasty, 1808; Daniel Hasty, Jr., 1S09-10; Isaac S. Spring, 1811-12; Theodore Mussey, 1813-10; James Hasty, Jr., 1817-29; Oliver Frost, 1830-32; Phineas Ingalls, 1833-43 ; Horatio J. Swasey, 1841-48; John II. Philbrick, 1849-56; Theodore M. Bradbury, 1857-58; Joseph S. Tompson, 1859-60; James K. Emery, 1861 ; Joseph S. Tompson, 1862; Theodore M. Bradbury, 1863 ; William B. Cobb, 1864 ; Theodore M. Bradbury, 1865 ; William U. Dresser, 1866-67 ; William Paine, 1868; Joseph S. Tompson, 1869-72; to fill va- cancy, John D. Higgins, 1872; John D. Higgins, 1S73-74; Wil- liam II. Libby, 1875; Grin K. Phinney, 1876-77; William H. Libby, 1878; Isaac D. Sawyer, 1879. '^'^ % WILLIAM RICH. MRS. WILLIAM RICH. Residence OF WILLIAM RICH .Standish, Me TOWN OF STANDISH. 375 TREASURERS. Jofiiih Shiiw, 17cS6; Jonalhnn Pbilbrick, 17S8; Theodore Mussoy, 1789; Doniinicus Jlitcbcll, 1790; Theodore Wusscy, 1791- 1803; William Tonipson, 1804; Theodore Musscy, 1805; Wil- liam Thomson, 180C-7; Jnmes Philhriek. 1808; Samuel Din- net, 1809-11; Isaac S. Spring. 1812; Theodore Mussey, IS13- 17; Jnmes Hasty, ,Tr., lSlS-29; Olircr Frost, 1830-32; I'hineas Ingalls, 1833-43; Horatio J. Swasey, 1844-48; John Philbrick, 1849-56; Theodore M. Bradbury, 1S57-58; Joseph S. Tompson, 1859-60; James K. Emery, 1861 ; Joseph S. Tompson, 18C2; Theodore M. Bradbury, 1863; AVilliam B. Cobb, 1SC4 ; Theo- dore M. Bradbury, 1865; William H. Dresser, 1866-67; Wil- liam Pain, 186S; Joseph S. Tompson, 1869-72 ; to fill vacancy, John D. Higgins, 1872; John D. Higgins, 187.3-74; William H. Libby, 1875 ; Orin K. Phinney, 1876-77 ; William II. I.ibby, 1878; Isaac D. Sawyer, 1879. CONSTABLES AND COLLECTORS. Sargent Shiiw, 1786; Dominieus Mitchell, 1787; Israel Thorn, 1788; Daniel Hasty, 1789; Josiah Shaw, 1790; Daniel Iliisty, 1791; Simeon Sanborn, 1792; John Peirce, Peter Moulton, 1793; James Moody, 1794; Daniel Lowell, 1795-96; Edward Mussey, 1797; James Moody, 1798; Joseph Dow, 1799-1800; Edward Tompson, .Tosej)h Dow, cons., James Harty, col., ItOI ; Edward Tompson, 1S02; Robert Rowe, 1803; Joseph Dow, 1804-5; Daniel Hasty, 1806; Silas Lowell, col., Bryan Martin, cons., 1807; ThomiisShaw, 1808; Richard Pierce, 1809-10; Joseph C. Riickliff, 1811 ; Levi Sanborn, cons., Peter Snnborn, col., 1812; John Philbrick, 1813; Daniel Freeman, 1814; Caleb P. Phil- brick, 1815-16; William Buller, 1817 ; Caleb P. Philbrick, 1818- 21; Joseph Bailey, 1822; Edward Thonijison, 1823-26: James Hasty, Jr., cons, and col., Edward Tompson, cons., 1827; Edward Tompson, cons., James Hasty, Jr., col., 1828; Daniel Hasty, 1829-30 ; Samuel Phinney, 1831-35 ; Peter Shaw, 1836-38; William Paine, cons., 1838; Lemuel Rich, 1839; Charles Tomp- son, 1840; Arza Mayo, cons., 1840; Arza Mayo, cons., Charles Thompson, col., 1841 ; Charles Thompson, 1842-44; Arza Mayo, cons., 1844; Joslyn C. Robinson, 1845-47; Jonathan Moore, 1848-50; Lorenzo H. Moore, 1851: Alvah Weeks, 1852-54; Samuel L. Davis, 1855-57 ; Ebenezer C. Hamblin, 1858; Lyman Sanborn, 1859; Lyman Sanborn, Robert Ridlin, cons., 1860; Lyman Sanborn, 1861, Alvah Weeks, 1802 ; Ebenezer Shaw, Jr., Ebeuezer C. Hamlin, cons., 1863 ; Alvah Weeks, William H. Dres- ser, cons., 1864; Uriah A. Berry, 1S65; Ephraim Higgins, 1866; John L. Chase, 1867-69; Merritt I. Paine, 1870; Walter Brug- don, Alfred S. Cousins, cons., 1871; Alfred S. Cousins, 1872-73; Daniel A. Paine, 1874-75; John E. Tompson, 1S76; John P. Moulton, 1877; Alfred S. Cousins, 1878; James Moody, 1879. JUSTICES. John Deane, 1786-90; Josiah Thatcher, 1791 ; John Deanc, 1795- 1803; Thomas Musscy, 1804; John Deane, 1808; AVilliam Tompson, 1S09; Theodore Mussey, 1812; William Tompson, 1820 ; B. Chadbourne, 1834 ; James Hasly, Jr., 1835< E. Mayo, 1836; Horatio J. Swasey, 1839; James Hasty, 1839-41 ; Benja- min Chadbourne, 1845; Phineas Ingalls, H.J. Swasey, 1845-48; Charles Tompson, 1845; Phineas Ingalls, H. A. Swasey, 1846; Joseph Sanborn, William C. Lowell, 1847; T. M. Bradbury, 1848 ; H.J. Swasey, J. H. Philbrick, Caleb Hodsdon, 1849 ; John Sawyer, 1849 ; Phineas Ingalls, 1851 ; H. J. Swasey, George M. Small, Lemuel Rich (3d), 1852; Joseph Sanborn, 1856; Ebenezer Moulton, 1857 ; H. J. Swasey, 1858. CHUPvCHES. The " Records of the Church of Christ in Standish" recite that the first religious organization in the town was formed May 11, 1769, under the patronage of the original proprietors of the land, who erected a church on the site of the old fort at Standish Corner in that year, and John Tompson, who was ordained at Portland, Oct. 25, 1768, was settled by them as pastor. The salary was payable in " one-third each, cash, East India good.s, and produce." There were seven meinbors, John Tompson, John Pierce, George Freeman, Jlichael Philbrick, Josiah Shaw, David Sanborn, and Peter Moulton. Mary, wife of Josiah Shaw, Jonathan Philbrick and wife, and Kbeiiezer Shaw and wife joined the eliurch during that year. Jona- than Philbrick was the first deacon. Rev. Jonathan Gould was ordained Sept. 16, 17915, and became pastor at once, retaining charge until his death in 1795. He was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Marrett, who was ordained for that purpose, and also died at Standish, after a pastorate of thirty-three years. The present "Old Church" was erected in 1805, and dedicated by him in 1806. Thomas Church was one of the main contiibutors. Rev. Thomas Tenny was ordained in 182(1, and was pastor until 1829. In ISSi a dissension occurred, taking away many of the members. After the reorganization of the Evangelical Church, as the new society was named, the Unitarian Church Covenant was drawn up by Rev. Amos D. Wheeler, a young minister just ordained, and was adopted April 14," 1835. lie was pastor until 1846, and was succeeded in turn by A. M. Bridge in 1843 ; K. J. Gerry, 1846 ; Geo. Osgood, 1854; Jacob Caldwell, 1855; Rev. Mr. Nickerson, 1862. THE EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL CUUilCH was organized Feb. 5, 1834, by Rev. D. Merritt, with 73 members. The officers were Rev. Thomas Tenny, Pastor and Clerk ; Enoch Moody and Joshua Paine, Deacons. Revs. Clark Perry, Silas Baker, Isaac Weston, William Rand, and D. Harris succeeded as pastors. Mr. Harris died at this charge, June 9, 1850, and was succeeded by Rev. James P. lladley, who made many converts to the church. Rev. Mark Gould became pastor in 1858 ; Charles Soule, 1862; Calvin Chapman, 1863 ; Samuel llopkin.s, 1866; Stephen H. Robinson, 1873 ; and John P. Trow- bridge, the present pastor, in 1873. A fine building was erected in 1834 by Josiah Davis, Thomas Tenny, Jo^hua Paine, Committee. Present membership, 37. FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. Baptist meetings were held as early as 1793. In ISUS there was an effurt m:ide to obtain from the town that part of the church tax which came from Baptist citizens, but without success. Meetings were held at the house of John Plaistead, on Standish Neck, until the erection of the church in 1806, through the efforts of Simeon Moulton. Clement Phinney, a young school-teacher, who was converted at this time, became afterwards u prominent minister. Sargeant Shaw was an early minister. In 1816, Miss Almira Wes- cott was ordained, and became a leading preacher. Rev. Joseph White died here. Rev. Z;iehariah Leach, 1816; Clement Phinney, 1816-25 ; John Buzzell, Chri.stopher Bullock, Jeremiah Bullock, Thomas Strout, and Walker Parker have since supplied them. May 4, 1861, the Frec-Will Baptist Provisional Church was or<'anized by Rev. James Buzzel, who had been a reg- ularly ordained minister of the Free-Will Baptist Church. Clark Caimel was chosen clerk. Rev. Tiiomas Strout suc- ceeded to the pastorate in 1869, when George Maybery was chosen clerk, and Melvin Shaw deacon. Meetings are 37 C HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. liL'W ill a scliool-liousc, the old diuicli luiviiig boeu torn (liiwii ill 1875. Pieseiit niciiiboiship, 28. The Frcc-Will ISapti.st Cliurch at Steep Falls was organ- ized Feb. 21, 1847, by Rev. Aiidiew Ilobson. Among the first members were Irva Ncirton, Feter Grafi'am and wife, Peltiah Ilobson, Statera IluUsoti, and Lyuian Fisher, wlio was chosen clerk. Their building was erected in 1851, and dedicated by Rev. Mr. Feck, of Portland, July 31st of that year. Pastors: Andrew Ilobson, L. Parker, 1859-71 ; E. C. Cook, 1872-74; A. G. Hill, 1874-7G; Peltiah Ilobson, present pasior; Present membership, 104, of whom 28 are non-residents. Officers : Israel Small, Deacon and Clerk; John Rand. Deacon; S. H Coii>iiis, Treasurer; Is- rael Small, Hubert Ridlon, Evans Ilaiuion, Committee. METIIOin.ST KIMSCdI'.M. CIlUIiCLI. The first Methodist class was funned under the preaching of Revs. Alfred Metealf and Daniel Berry in 1802. Early meetings were held in Capt. Jonathan Moore's house, the 'room-partitions being removed Ibi-tliat purpose. Thomas Shaw, Jonatiian Moore, Ann Warren, and George Thomas, wjio was clas.s-leader until 1821, were among the first mem- bers. Revs. Ebenezer Blake, Philip Ayer, and Joel Wick preceded Joseph Dennet, who came in 181G, and was fol- lowed by James Jayiies. Rev. Mr. Ainies, who died in Gorham, John Paine, Jonatiian Whiting, Philip and John S. Ayer, IMelville B. Cox, and John Shaw also preached on this circuit. Rev. Jlr. Shaw died in Gorham while a young man. Through the exertions of Rev. Green G. Moore a church was erected in 182G at York's Corner. Revs. Nathaniel Morris, Samuel Jewott, Philip Munger, 1832 ; M. Wright, 1834 ; James Harrington, Daniel Crock- ett, David Copeland were pastors to 1838 ; Nathaniel Pride succeeded in 18313 ; John Hatch, 1840 ; Isaac Lord, 1841 ; Orlando H. Jasper, 1842; George S. Davis, George D. Strout, 1843; O. II. Jasper, 1845; Edward A. StuflF- nian, 1848; Luther B. Knight, 185G; Benjamin Free- man, 1858 ; John E Baxter, 18G0; S. V. Gerry, 18G2 ; Nathan Andrews, 18G3 ; II. H. Martin, 18G4 ; William C. Steven.s, 18G7 ; Ezra Sanborn. 18G9; Alva Cook, 1871; Benjamin F. Pease, 1874; W. S. Mclntire, 1877; W. F. Berry, 1878: George Hoyt, 1879. Present trustees: Charles F. Brown, A. Boulton, David L. W'arren, A. IT.-ihei-. Recording steward and class-leader, Aaron S. Nasoii. Membership, 82. A church was organized at Standish Corner in 1849; Jonathan Moore, Joseph Moody, Freeman Paine, John and Daniel Rich, and others, to the number of 29, joining in application for a charter. A building was erected by Jonathan Moore, Joseph Moody, Freeman Paine, and Leon- ard Chase, trustees, and dedicated by Rev. Joseph Jennie, presiding elder, Dec. 4, 1849. The pastors have been John C. Perry, 1849; Daniel Waterhouse, N. D. Centre, C. C. Mason, Alpha Turner, S. S. Ranks, J. Rice, Marcus Wright. Pi'esent steward, Freeman Paine. Trustees, Freeman Paine, William Dullif, Daniel B. Jackson. Mem- bership, 28. TUE STANDISH AC.\I)K.MY was incorporated by act of Legislature, in 1848, with Rev. Ichabod Nichols, Rufus P. Cutler, John T. G. Nichols, Andrew Hobson, Jonathan Moore, Wm. H. Lowell, Edwin J. Gerry, Geo. II. Nichols, Green Cram, Gardner Dennett, Tiieodore M. Bradbury, Thomas Cram, Joshua Payne, Jr., James W. Emery, trustees. Rev. Ichabod Nichols wa.s made President; William H. Lowell, Vice-President ; T. M. Bradbury, Secretary; and Gardner Dennett, Treasurer. The upper floor of the First Parish church was filled by them, and occupied as academy rooms. In August, 1849, the Legislature of Maine conveyed to the trustees one-half towii-sliip of land; their committee eflPectcd a sale to Wni. T. Chadbourne, for $4350. The principals have been Thomas Talbott, 1848-49; Richard Gardner, Lincoln F. Emer.son, 1851 ; George Sennot, 1852; D. L. Lane, 1853; Lucien Hunt, 1853 -54 ; Henry Dunlap, 185G. The academy declined for want of sufficient patronage. The last meeting of the di rectors was held July 14, 1857. A.SSOCIATIONS. There is a lodge of F. A. M., Standi.sh Centre. Lodges of 1. 0. of G. T. : Sebago Lake, No. 9G ; Steep Falls, No. 77 ; Bonny Eagle, No. 21. Patrons of Husbandry, Standish, No. 122. Cornet Band, Steep Falls, established 1879, Andrew F. Saiiburn, leader. Merchants: Theodore Mussey, Robert Rowe, Standish Corner, 1803 ; Benj. Chadbourne, Joseph Webster, Old Landing, 1825 ; Wm. Foss, Wm. Wingate, Steep Falls, 182G ; Cousins & Banks, Wingate & Hobson, Tobias Lord, Jr., Steep Falls, 1878; Nancy W. Trafton, ladies' goods, W. Paine, postmaster, 1878; J. S. Webster, Lemuel Rich & Sim, Sebago Lake, 1878; J. P. Warren, Bonny Eagle, 1878. Manufacturers : Archambeau & Decormier, grist-mill, established 1874 ; G. M. & S. C. Rich, lumber and stones ; J. (3. Dyer, staves; F. A. Radou, F. Harmon, W. S. Ilanseom, carriages; Waterhouse & Plummer, boots and shoes ; Irvin & E. T. Libby, smiths ; W^. H. Bacon & ('n . clothing, Sebago Lake; Wingate & Hobson, clothing; Tobias Lord, box-lumber, plaster, and grist-mill ; Coolbroth & Tucker, grist- and stave-mill ; W. D. & Leroy S. Mayo, coopers; C.N. Shaw, smith, Steep Falls; Isaac D.Sawyer, established 1877 ; Evans & Libby, clothing ; D. B. Jack- sun, marble ; Bryant Paine, D. U. Paine, A. Rand, N. Rand, coopers; S. Higgins, Freeman Paine, smiths. SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. The first schou! was organized in the western district previous to 1787, iu which year a proposition was pre- sented for building a school-house. The next year, £60 were voted to build a school house. The first school com- mittee were Bryan Martin, Peter Moulton, Joseph Case, and William Cummings. Mrs. Cummings taught school in her house in 1793, giving the children their lessons while working at her loom. In 1821 the town was regu- larly orgiinized into 10 school districts, and in 183G in- creased to 15. The town now comprises 13 school di.s- triets. W^iole number of school children, G07. For the year ending March, 1879, moneys rai.sed by the town were $2100, of which $50 is assigned to Fry's Island, an i.sland /^{y^.-C-0' '^^r Z_, William H. Dkesseu, eldest son of Josepli and Olive (Dennett) Dresser, was born in Hollis, York Co., Me., Jan. 1, 1832. His tatlier was a native of Bnxton, and died abont 18-37. His niotlier was a dangliter of tiie late John Dennett, of Hollis, one of the early settlers of that town, a farmer and tanner by oeeupation, a prominent citizen of the town and connty, and who, for twenty years in suc- cession, was a representative in the Legislature of Massachusetts prior to Maine I)ecoming an inde- pendent State. William H. received his education in the common school and Htandish Academy. For ten years he was a teacher during winter terms, working on the farm in summers. In 18()7 he opened a general store in Standish, having become a resident of that town when only two years of age by the removal of his parents, who .settled there from Hollis in 18.34. He continual his mercantile business for three years. In 1870 he was appointed deputy sheriff, which office he held until 187 Hon. Leander Valentine was born in the village of Saccarappa, town of Westbrook (then Stroudwater), March 1-i, 1814. His first ancestor in this country was John Valentine, who descended from an ancient family in the parish of Eccles, England, and who is mentioned in the Boston Records as having been made a freeman May 12^ 1675. Married, April 16, 1702, to Mary Lynde. They had seven children. Their son, Thomas, Leander's great- grandfather, removed to Hopkinton, Mass., about 1730. Was married, July 17, 1735, to Elizabeth Gooch, whose parents lived upon a street in Boston which now bears their name. They had six sons and five daughters. Their .son, William Valentine, born Nov. 2, 1750, at Hopkinton, Mass., married, about 1770, Elizabeth Jones, by whom he had fifteen children, — eleven sons and four daughters. Their son, William, Leander's father, was born April 14, 1773. Married Abigail Spring, of Northboro', Mass., and in 1803 removed to Westbrook (then Falmouth), where he engaged in the manufacture of nails. At the same time he carried on a grocery trade in the building now occupied by L. W. Edwards. In 1815 he gave up all other business and turned his attention to farming. He was for several years selectman of the town, and was one of the original trustees of the Saccarappa Grammar School Association. He died in Westbrook, April 16, 1845. His wife died Jan. 27, 1861. They had eleven children, three of whom are still living, viz., Albert, Leander, and Caroline, the latter the wife of Moses B. Walker, of Poland, Mc. Leander Valentine received his education in the common school at Saccarappa village, supplemented by two terms at Westbrook Seminary. He taught school from 1835 to 1S54, nineteen years, mostly in the town of Westbrook. He was for a number of years engaged in the grocery trade at Saccarappa, first with T. B. Edwards as partner, subse- quently with the firms of Valentine, Hardy & Co., and Valentine & Pennell. He was married Aug. 28, 1842, to Margaret S. Coolbroth, daughter of Joseph W. and Alice Coolbroth. Mrs. Valentine was born April 21, 1822, in the town of Gorham. They have had one child, Marcena Adriana, born May 16, 1845; died April 1, 1846. In politics Mr. Valentine was identified with the Demo- cratic party up to the time of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Regarding slavery and its extension as the paramount evil of the land, he united with the Republican party, and from the time of its organization has been one of its staunch supporters. He has held various ofiBces of public trust ; was school commissioner twelve years, and one of the selectmen two years ; represented the town in the Legislature in 1847-48 ; was a member of the Senate in 1849 ; a member of tlie Executive Council in 1850-52 ; and has been connected with the custom-house in Port- land from May, 1861, to September, 1877, — six years as weigher and ganger, one year as assistant appraiser, and nine years as appraiser. At the end of this long term of service he resigned the position on account of ill health. In religion Mr. Valentine has entertained Universalist views. He has always resided near the place where he was born, and the places of honor and trust he has held are of themselves sufficient evidence of the esteem in which he is held by his townsmen and the public. Iiuto. tiy Uuntjoii, rurtluud. WILLIAIM L. PENNELL was bom in the town of Gray, Cumberland Co., Mc, April 15, 1821. The family descends from Clement Pen- nell, one of three brothers who emigrated from the Isle of Jersey and settled in the town of Deering (then Falmouth). He married Ruth Riggs, Jan. 10, 1742. Their son Joseph, grandfatlier to William L., married for his first wife Hannah Ward, by whom he had eight cliildreu. His second wife was Charlotte Nasli, by whom he also had eight children. Joseph Pennell, W. L. Pennell's father, was the second child by the fir.st wife. He was born in the town of Gray, Aug. 7, 1778. He married Elizabeth Stone, of Kennebunk, Me., Oct. 29, 1779. Their children were Disey S., Susannah, Jeremiah, Robert B., Hannah W., Luther, James, William L., and Luther. The first five were born in Minot, Androscoggin Co., tlie four latter in Gray. All are deceased, except Luther, James, and William L. The father died March, 182(5; tlie mother, June, 1828. William L. lived at the homestead in Gray until twenty- one years of age. His education was limited to the com- mon school. When of age, with fifteen dollars in money, and a trunk for which he gave his note for five dollars, he started out for himself. The note and trunk have been preserved as relics. Tiie first year he worked at brick- making in Summcrville, Mass., at sixteen dollars per montli. The next two seasons he was employed by Geo. Lothara, on a farm in Gray. In 1814 he came to Saccarappa, where for two seasons he engaged in brick-making, in com- pany with his brothers, Luther and James. In 1847 he was employed in the cutlery works of Mr. Ropes, at Sacca- rappa. In the fall of 1848, in company with James Pen- nell, he engaged in the manufacture of coopers' lieading, in which business ho continued up to 1854. For tlic next thirteen years, cliiefly in company with Leandcr Valentine, he carried on the grocery trade in Saccarappa. On account of poor hoallh, and with a view to recruit it, he sold out his interest, went to Canada, and entered into the oil speculation. Lost money, but recovered his liealtli. Mr. Pennell, in politics, was first a Whig, and a Repub- lican since the organization of the latter party. In 1861-62 was clerk and treasurer of the town of Westbrook (then including Deering). In that capacity he paid the first soldiers' bounty for the town. In 1867-68 was one of the selectmen of the town. In 1867 was appointed deputy sherifi", which position he held for five years. In 1872 was elected sheriff, and held the office four years. In the spring of 1878 he purcliascd liis residence and store at Cumberland Mills, where he still resides, and carries on the leading grocery trade of the place. He was married. May 25, 1848, to Sophia J. Pennell, daughter of Thomas and Sarah Pennell. Mrs. Pennell was born March 10, 1821, in the town of Buxton, York Co., 5Ie. They have had six children, viz. : Sarah, born Feb. 9, 1849 ; died June 21, 1853. Joseph Henry, born July 27, 1852 ; died Sept. 29, 1870. Addie Louisa, born Dec. 11, 1853; married, Jan. 27, 1876, Frank Hale Boody ; one child, Jennie Ethelyn, born June 30, 1877. William Jones, born Sept. 7, 1855; married. May 14, 1879, Abbie F. Quinby. Hattie Jane, born July 21, 1857 ; died June 22,1863. Nettie Sophia, born Nov. 11, 1859 ; living at home. TOWNS OP WESTBKOOK AND DEERING. 381 accepti'il, 1111(1 IVoni tliat time acted ti|i.iri. In 1829, Mr. Brailloy ri'sij.'iied the paslui-atc, liavini; lieeii iiiiMister of the parish about thirty years. " The ministry of Mr. Bradley was marked by charac- teristics difi'eriug from those of many of his contemporaries. He was freijuently in controversy with the neighboring clergymen on matters of doctrine, and for some years was not in fellowship with the more orthodo.\ and evangelical wing of his denomination." Mr. Gould relates the following incident illustrative of the peculiarities of Mr. Bradley, which was told him by an eye-witness. The scene was at Gorham Corner, in March, 1847. The Congregational Church had been for some little time destitute of a settled pastor, and the people were desir- ing to be free from the "candidate fever," so much so that several meetings had been held for prayer and consulta- tion. The regular quarterly fiist of the church was held, and the attendance was quite general. Several of the brethren had prayed, and others had bewailed their wicked state, when up jumped Mr. Bradley, who had come from the Codnian Flats, and in his quick and nervous way said, " Let us pray." His prayer was at first a general descrip- tion of Gorham ; the wickedness of the people; their needs; then what was desired if they had their own way. Then he paused, and placing himself as erect as his form would allow, he continued nearly as follows : " Lord, have mercy on this people ! Thou knowest, Lord, that they are a very difficult people, — a people hard to suit. Thou knowest that they have had good men sent to them, but they did not suit ; some were too tall, some were too short, and some they could not have. Thou knowest that they are a difficult people." Then Mr. B. paused, and once more he began : 'And now, Lord, if thou hast in all thy wide univer.se a man suited to this people, we pray, O Lord, that thou wouldst find him, and then send him along. Amen," — quick and short. It is needless to say that the meeting was soon closed. The result was that in a very short time the Rev John K. Adams came, and a happy pastorate of fourteen years followed. The good people of Gorham had one other surprise from Mr. Bradley at an earlier day. When llev. Asa Rand was the pastor in that town, he exchanged once with Mr. Bradley, as etiquette required, but for many years the Gor- ham pulpit was closed to the Westbrook minister, as Mr. Rand, Mr. Payson, and some others had declared Mr. Bradley hardly sound in the fiiith. But in 1822, Rev. Mr. Pomeroy came to Gorham, and etiquette required an ex- change. It was a bright Sabbath morning in summer, the congregation was large, and Mr. Bradley was in his best mood. The opening services passed along nicely, while the older people were counting how many years it had been since the good brother had stood in their pulpit. It was time for the sermon. Mr. Bradley stood up with his pecu- liar expression, his straight form, and looked all over the audience. Every eye was upon him ; everybody feared that something was about to happen. Then with his sharp, quick voice, he exclaimed so that all the people heard, ''It in 1, be not afraid P' When the smile had passed away from the faces of the congregation, he added in his most serene and quiet tone, " Matt. xiv. 27." Some of the old people in Gorham may remember tlie time that he visited the school in the Codman District. In his fatherly way he told the boys that by real hard study they might probably be ministers, or lawyers, or doctors; " but," added the par.son, " any of you can be a James K. Polk !" After a very short interval Rev. Henry Jewett was called to the pastorate. He was settled for a term of five years, and was a devoted and genial minister, who left behind him memories still cherished and an abiding influence for good. His ministry began in 1829 and terminated in 1835. At a parish-meeting held this year, it was decided to settle Rev. Joseph Lane as pastor, and to take down the old meet- ing-house and erect a more suitable and modern edifice upon the same site. Mr. Lane at first declined, but after- wards, upon the importunate pressing of the invitation, he accepted, and was ordained Dec. 19, 1836. The new church was also built, and is familiar to many as the white church still standing. Mr. Lane reniainertl!>. in the centre of the ' Ancient Dnniiiiiun,' or home-lots, on the most elevated and beautiful site in I he ' two mile territory,' a favi rods south of the dwelling-hou.se of the late Peter Thacher Smith. It stood partly on the road and partly on land occupied by Col. Anderson for a garden. The fort was 50 feet square, 2 stories high, with walls one foot thick, of hewn hemlock timber, the upper story jutting one foot over the lower, with a tier of port-holes. There were 2 watch-boxes at diagonal corners, 2 stories high, 12 feet square, with walls 1 foot thick, each watch-box having a swivel gun, furniishrd by the proprietors, and so placed as to defend two sides of the fort. The fort was surrounded with a stockade, about 25 or 30 feet from it, made by .setting posts, 10 or 12 inches in diameter, 12 feet long, perpendicularly in the ground, and so near together that the Indians could not pass between them. The fort was provided with an iron ' nine-pounder gun' by the State [Province], which was placed before the fort for the purpose of firing alarms and giving the neigh- boring settlements notice of the approach of Indians. The fort was built during the spring of 174-1, and was the only one ever erected in this town." William jNIayberry had been active and had purchased at his own expense one half-barrel (50 pounds) of powder, costing £20 9s. The proprietors, at a meeting in Marble- head, July 30, 1744, voted to pay Mr. Mayberry, and " that the said powder be put into the hands of William Mayberry, lie supplying the inhabitants (who want it) to the value of half a pound each man, and the remainder of said powder to be kept in the block-house for the use thereof in time of action, in case the same be attacked by the Indians or any other enemies, and no otherwise whatsoever." " Voted, That the present company be, and hereby are, directed, at the public charge of the proprietors, to purchase two swivel guns and send them to said township for the use of the pro- prietors, to be placed in the block-house for the defense thereof." The inhabitants, encouraged by such assistance on the part of the province and the proprietors, bestowed upon their fort a great amount of labor and made it a place of considerable .safety. The war which had been anticipated was declared in March, 1744, and formally communicated to the Governor of Massachusetts in June following.* The troubled and perilous condition of a frontier settle- ment during an Indian war can be too vividly conceived to * .See hi.'stor.v of tlio Indinn wars in the general part of this work. need much description. The savage foe would suddenly emerge from his hidden haunts in the forest, do his work of destruction and death, perhaps at the midnight hour while the defen.seless inhabitants were uncon.sciously sleep- ing, and as suddenly di.sappear in the impenetrable fa.st- nesses of the wilderness, beyond tlie reach of pursuit or discovery. All that would be heard or seen would be the savage yell, the gleam of the tomahawk or scalping-knife, the glare of the blazing brand, or the tall, naked bodies of the savages mingling in the liorrid slaughter, — then all would be silent : the enemy having disappeared as mysteri- ously as he came. Such well-known traits of Indian war- fare kept the early settlers constantly on the alert, day and night, to guard against surprises. When at labor in the field they were often obliged, in a sudden emergency, to re- pel an attack or make a hazardous retreat to a place of safety. By reason of the danger to which they were con- stantly exposed, they were unable to cultivate their lands to any advantage. They were obliged to go armed to public worship on the Sabbath, and usually when at work posted a sentinel in some con.spicuous place to keep watch. Even these precautions did not always prevent surprise. Indians lurking behind stumps or trees or hidden in the bushes would watch the husbandman at work in the field, and when he was off his guard for a moment, get between him and his gun. or steal it and carry it off. In short, the distressed people were afraid even to milk their cows, although they took the precaution to keep them pastured as near as pos- sible to the fori. Whole families were frequently shut up for months together in a state of wretched anxiety. This state of things continued till the close of the war, in 1751. The first outrage committed by the Indians on the in- habitants of Windham was on the 14th of April, 1747, when they took as prisoners William and Joseph Knight, two sons of William Knight, one of the pioneers of the town, who came from Manchester, Mass. They were un- armed and takeu by surprise at Saccarappa, but were well treated by the Indians and soon returned home. On the 27th of August, following, a party of some twenty or thirty Indians entered the town, and made an attempt to capture two young men who were out of the fort, William, son of Thomas Bolton, and William Maxfield, who lived with William Mayberry. They were both well armed with muskets and made a brave resistance. Bolton dis- charged his musket upon his assailants, but before he could reload the Indians rushed upon him and made him a prisoner. Maxfield retreated, walking backwards towards the fort, and occasionally menacing the Indians with his gun, till he was rescued by a band of armed men from the garri.son, but not till he had been seriously, though not fatally, wounded by a shot from the Indians, having an arm broken. Bolton was carried captive to Canada, where he was purchased by a French naval officer, and taken on board a French frigate as a servant. The French frigate was soon after captured by an English vessel and taken to Boston, and Bolton became the servant of Lieut. Wallace, of the Engli.sh frigate. But his situation becoming known to the captain of a coasting vessel belonging to Falmouth, he was released on application to the Governor, and brought home to the great joy of his parents. TOWN OF WINDHAM. 309 On the 22d of August, 1750, a party of Indians sur- prised and captured Seth Webb, son of Samuel Webb, formerly of Falmouth, who settled in Windham, March 15, 1742, making a prisoner of him and carrying him to Canada, whence he returned after the war. During the interval between this and the next war the settlement in Windham prospered both in its general im- provements and in additions to its population. The next war (known as the last French and Indian war) broke out in 1754. The inhabitants of this town spared no pains to put the settlement in a good state of defense. Three dwelling-houses were converted into gar- risons : Wayberry's, on home-lot No. 18; Bolton's, on home-lot No. 52; and Graffam's, on home-lot No. Gl. They had attached to them " watch-boxes" two stories high, and were surrounded by stockades of heavy posts planted in the ground. In February, 1756, the Indians again surprised and captured Joseph Knight. Having been a long time pris- oner among them during the preceding war, he had suflB- ciently learned their language to understand them, and became aware of their intention to attack the frontier towns from Brunswick to Saco, and he determined on making his escape and alarming the settlements. The Indians had taken him to the Androscoggin River, and to prevent his escape compelled him to sleep at night between two war- riors pledged to keep him securely. He watched liis oppor- tunity, and while they were both asleep withdrew himself quietly and walked away. He came to North Yarmouth, and there gave warning of the intentions of the Indians.* On the morning of May 14, 1756, Ezra Brown and Ephraim Winship, while on their way with a guard of four men and four boys to work on Brown's farm, were attacked by fifteen or twenty Indians, who lay concealed in a thick woods through which the party had to pass. Brown and Winship were in advance, and had entered the woods before the others came up. The Indians fired upon them. Brown was shot dead on the spot ; Winship received two bullets — one in the eye and the other in the arm — and fell. Both were immediately scalped by the Indians. Part of the guard, viz., Abraham Anderson, Stephen Manchester and two lads, Timothy Cloudman and Gershom Winship, hear- ing the firing, rushed on to the scene of action, determined, if their companions had been killed, to avenge their blood. The rest of the guard retreated to the fort. When the brave little band, encouraged by Anderson, who called out, " Come on, my lads," had reached their fallen companions, the Indians had hardly finished their bloody work, and seeing the white men coming they hastily concealed themselves behind tree.s. Poland, the noted leader of the band, was the first to fire from his covert, discharging his gun at Manchester. In his haste to reload he exposed his body to Manchester's sure and steady aim, and was in an instant shot dead. The Indians gathered around their fallen chief, and in a few moments two more of them were killed or ■■■■' *' May 10. — This morning we were alarmed with young Knight, who escaped from the Indians three days ago, and got to North Yar- mouth this morning, who bring news of 12U Indians coining upon the frontiers, who are to spread themselves in small scouts from Bruns- wick to Sa.co."— Smith's Journal, p. 64. mortally wounded, when the rest fled from the scene, carry- ing witli them the body of their leader. The garrison being by this time alarmed, a small body of armed men started in pursuit. Among them was Seth Webb, who had been taken prisoner in the previous war. At a place called " The Meadows," between Canada Hill and the Westbrook line, they discovered an Indian carrying a quarter of beef on his .shoulder, and two of the party fired upon hiui. They did not, apparently, hit him, for he continued on his course, making his best possible exertions to escape with his plunder, which had probably been taken from a slaugh- tered animal belonging to the settlers. His pertinacity, however, cost him his life, for Seth Webb, who was an unerring marksman, leveled his gun upon him and brought him to the ground. He died of his wound the following night, and the next night one who had been mortally wounded by the other party died. Thus were the murder of Brown and Winship doubly avenged, for four Indians had perished at the hands of the whites. The death of Poland put an end to all trouble with the Indians in this quarter.^ REVOLUTIONART PERIOD. This town was among the earliest to manifest its pa- triotic spirit under the series of oppressions by the Brit- ish government which led to the final separation of the colonies from the mother country. A town-meeting was held at the meeting-house, Feb. 16, 1773, "to choose a committee to act on anything the town may think proper, in answer to a letter of correspondence sent by the town of Boston to this town, concerning the infringements which are made upon the rights and privileges that we ought to enjoy, and to do anything the town may think proper in answer to said letter." Capt. Caleb Graffam was chosen moderator; Thomas Mayberry, Richard May- berry, Z. Hunnewell, Caleb GraflTaui, Thomas Trott, Wil- liam Knight, and Hugh Crague were chosen a committee of correspondence, etc. We have not space here to insert the letter to the Boston committee and the series of emi- nently fitting and patriotic resolutions adopted by the meeting. They will be found in the town records. At a subsequent meeting, held in January, 1774, the committee of correspondence were instructed to answer a further communication from Boston, which they did in bold and energetic language, declaring their determination to adhere to and support their brethren in every measure touching the rights and liberties of the country. When the famous Cumberland County resolves were passed at Falmouth, Sept. 21, 1774, Zerubbabel Hunnewell, Thomas Trott, and David Baker were there to represent the town of Windham- In pursuance of the action of this convention, a meeting was called, Nov. 7, 1774, " to choose three oflScers to in- struct those who are inclined in the military art." Richard Mayberry was chosen captain, David Baker lieutenant, and Edward Anderson ensign. In March, 1775, it was voted that William Knight be captain for the militia of this town, David Baker, lieutenant, and Richard Dole ensign. From the commencement of hostilities to the close of f This engagement where Poland was slain was on lot No. 21, first division of hundred-acre Ms.—Smlth'a HUtmy of M'imlham. 400 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. the war the calls upon the town for men, money, clotliing, and provisions were incessant. From statements furnished by Mr. Smith in his history, we foot up over 100 men from this town, called into the service as recruits and otherwise, not in any organized local companies. Besides these a con- siderable number .served for different periods, and some through nearly the whole of the war, in addition to those belonging to Capt. Mayberry's company. In November, 1776, Capt. Richard Mayberry, of this town, enlisted a company of 64 men, including officers and privates, into the Continental service for three years. The captain and eleven of the number belonged to Windham. They were in most of the great actions during their period of service, — Burgoyne's surrender, Monmouth, and Hub- bardstowu, where they sufiFered severely. In the war of 1812-14, Windham was not called upon to furnish any for the United States armies, the men for that service being raised by voluntary enlistments. But near the close of the war one company of militia was de- tached, under command of Capt. Nathan Goold, of Wind- ham,, mustered in at Portland, Sept. 10, 1814, and mus- tered out Sept. 22, 1814. The detachments were only for a short time and were not under fire. In the war with Mexico, Joseph C. Chute, Augustus Hall, and Charles Rand, from Windham, were in the army, and the last-named died in the service. INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN. The town was incorporated under the name of Windham (derived from the English Windham, county of Norfolk), June 12, 1762. At this time it contained thirty-nine fam- ilies. Two years later it was estimated to contain 250 in- habitants. Up to 1760 all the settlements had been con- fined to the home-lots. The first town-meeting after the incorporation was held at the old fort, July 5, 1762. Abra- ham Anderson was chosen moderator; Thomas Chute, town clerk ; Caleb Graffam, Thomas Mayberry, and John Farrar, selectmen ; and Abraham Anderson, town treasurer. We give below a list of the chief town officers and representa- tives from the incorporation to the present time : CIVIL LI8T. TOWN CLERKS. Thomas Chute, 1762-66; Abraham Anderson, 1766-70; Richard Muyberry, 1770-71; Micah Walker, 1771-74; Richard Dole, 1774-87; Edward Anderson, 1777-83 ; Richard Dole, 1783-89; Abraham Osgood, 1789-92; Caleb Rea, 1792-93; Richard Dole, 1793-1804 ; Josiah Chute, 1804-5 ; John Gallison, 1805-21 ; John Collins, 1821-22; William Brown, 1822-23; John Eveleth, 1823-42; William Silla, 1842-43 ; John Eveleth, 1843-45 ; Sam- uel Freeman, 1845-46; John Eveleth, 1840-49; Samuel Freeman, 1849-50; John Eveleth, 1850-55; Howard C. Freeman, 1855-63; Peter R. Hall, 1863-65; George E. Hawkes, 1865-68; John C. Cobb, 1868-71; AlpheuB A. Goold, 1871-72 ; Fred. S. Hawkes, 1872-79. SELECTMEN. 1762. — Caleb Graffam, Thomas Mayberry, John Farrar. 1763. — John Bodge, Thomas Mayberry, Abraham Anderson. 1704. — William Knight, Caleb Grafrnm, Richard Mayberry. 1765-66. — James Bailey, Thomas Chute, Isnac Elder. ]767. — Curtis Chute, William Knight, Thomas Mayberry. 1768-69. — Caleb (irafTam, Thomas Mayberry, Abraham Anderson. 1770. — Caleb Gralfam, Hugh Crague, William Knight. 1771._William Copprian, William Knight, William Elder. 1772. — William Knight, William Copprian, Zebulon Hunnewell. 1773. — Caleb Graffam, Thomas Mayberry, Richard Mayberry. 1774.— Ichabod Hanson, Hugh Crague, Thomas Trott. 1775-76.— Thomas Trott, Ichabod Hanson, Da.vid Baker. 1777. — William Knight, Abraham Osgood, Diiniel Pettengill. 1778.— Abraham Osgood, Timothy Pike, Thomas Trott. 1779.— Timothy Pike, Paul Little, Caleb Graffam. 1780.— Caleb Graffam, Jonathan Loveitt, Thomas Trott. 1781. — Paul Little, Jonathan Loveitt, Edward Anderson. 1782. — Daniel Pettengill, William Knight, Abraham Osgood. 1783. — Gershom Rogers, Ezra Brown, Daniel Pettengill. 1784. — Gershom Rogers, Ezra Brown, Joseph Hooper. 1785. — Ezra Brown, David Purrington, Gershom Rogers. 1786-87. — Edward Anderson, Ezra Brown. David Purrington. 1788.— Josiah Chute, Ezra Brown, David Purrington. 1789. — David Purrington, Paul Little, Joseph Hooper. 1790. — Ezra Brown, Paul Little, David Purrington. 1791. — Winslow Hall, Josiah Chute, Ezra Brown. 1792-94. — David Purrington, Josiah Chute, Ezra Brown. 1795-96. — Ezra Brown, Josiah Chute, Abraham Anderson. 1797. — David Purrington, Ezra Brown, Thomas Crague. 1798. — Josiah Chute, Ezra Brown, David Purrington. 1799.— William Hall, Thomas Crague, Edward Anderson. 1800. — Ezra Brown, Josiah Chute, Thomas Crague. 1801.— Ezra Brown, David Purrington, Elijah Kennard. 1802-4.— David Purrington, Paul Little, Josiah Chute. 1805.— David Purrington, Josiah Webb, John Swett. 1806.— David Purrington, Josi.ah Webb, John Chute. 1807.— Josiah Chute, Ezra Brown, William Hall. 1808.— Josiah Chute, William Hall, Noah Read. 1809-11.— Josiah Chute, Josiah Webb, William Hall. 1812-13.— Nathan Goold, Josiah Webb, William Hall. 1814-15.— Nathan Goold, Stephen Hall, Josiah Chute. 1816.— Nathan Goold, William Brown, Josiah Chute. 1817.— Nathan Goold, William Brown, Timothy Hanson. 1818.— Nathan Goold, William Brown, Josiah Webb. 1819.— William Brown, Josiah Webb, Stephen Hall. 1820.— William Brown, Joseph Staples, Stephen Hall. 1821.— Nathan Goold, Thomas Little, Josiah Webb. 1822. — William Brown, Ebenezer Hawkes, John Gallison. 1823.— John Eveleth, William Brown, Ebenezer Hawkes (3d). 1824. — William Brown, Ebenezer Hawkes (3d), Stephen Webb. 1825. — Stephen Webb, Daniel Hall, Joseph Staples. 1826. — William Brown, Joseph Staples, Edmund Boody. 1827. — William Brown, Ebenezer Hawkes (3d), Timothy Hanson. 1828. — William Brown, Elias Baker, Solomon Hawkes. 1829. — Elias Baker, Stephen Webb, Edward Anderson. 1830. — William Brown, Thomas Mayberry, Jr.. John Read. 1831-32. — Thomas Mayberry, Jr., John Read, John Waterman. 1833. — Thomas Mayberry, Jr., Elias Baker, John Webb. 1834. — Thomas .Mayberry, Jr., Edward Anderson, James Mcintosh. 1835. — Thomas Mayberry, Jr., Edward Anderson, Thomas Varney. 1836. — Stephen Webb, Allen Hamblen, Asa Legrow. 1837. — William Brown, Thomas Hawkes, Asa Legrow. 1838. — Levi Tobie, Asa Legrow, Lewis Hardy. 1839. — Thomas Hawkes, Levi Tobie, Lucius Whipjile. 1840-41. — Thomas Hawkes, Lucius Whipple, William E. Brown. 1842. — William Silla, Edward Anderson, Josiah Fogg. 1843. — Lucius Whipple, Thomas Hawkes, Thomas L. Smith. 1844. — Lucius Whipple, Enoch Mayberry, Thomas L. Smith. 1845. — Lucius Whipple, Enoch Mayberry, Ezra Brown, Jr. 1846. — Enoch Mayberry, Ezra Brown. Jr., Edward Anderson. 1847-48. — Edward Anderson, Mark Knight, Thomas Hawkes. 1849-50. — Ezra Brown, Jr., Samuel Freeman, David P. Baker. 1851-53.— Thomas Mayberry, Ephraim Legrow, Thomas Hawkes. 1854. — Thomas Hawkes, Ephraim Legrow, Edward Anderson. 1855-56. — William Silla, Elisha Jones, Jason Hanson. 1857. — Thomas Mayberry, Thomas L. Smith, Jason Hanson. 1858. — Thomas Mayberry, Charles Jones, Charles Rogers. 1859-60.— Oliver Pope, Jason Hanson, William S. Cobb. 1861.— Samuel Freeman, William Silla, Abijah U. Purrington. 1862. — Samuel Freeman, Abijah H. Purrington, Charles Hunnewell. 1863-64.— Abijah H. Purrington, Charles Hunnewell, Isaiah Elder. 1865. — William Silla, Charles Jones, Charles Rogers. 1866.— Thomas L. Smith, William H. Smith, Andrew J. Morrill. TOWN OP WINDHAM. 401 1867-69. — Charles Jones, Charles Rogers, William M. Smith. 1870-71.— William H. Varncy, Joshua Tukoy, William .S. Cobb. 1872-73.— William H. Varney, Charles Jones, William M. Smith. 1S74._B. M. B:iker, Joel Rand, Charles A. Haskell. 1875.— Joel Rand, Charles A. Haskell, John T. Fellows. 1876. -John T. Fellows, Urban Lowell, Charles R. Ooodell. lS77._Charles R. Goodell, Urban Lowell, Thomas L. Allen. 1878.— Charles R. Goodell, Thomas L. Allen, F. H. Boody. 1879.— Thomas L. Allen, F. H. Boody, Urban Lowell. REPRESENTATIVES IN THE GENERAL COURT OF MASSA- CHUSETTS FROM 1762 TO 1820. 1767-68, Abraham Anderson; 1797, Ezra Brown; 1803, Peter T. Smith; 1805-12, Josiah Chute; 1813-15, Stephen Hall; ISIG, Nathan Goold; 1817-20, Josiah Chute. TOWN PROPERTY. The property belonging to the town consists chiefly of a poor-house and farm, and of a brick town-house. The buildings for the accommodation of the poor are large and convenient, and reflect credit upon the town. The town- house is a building 40 by 50 feet, with walls of 13 feet elevation, containing a safe for the deposit of the town of the best construction, and convenient offices for business. It was erected in 1833. CENTENNIAL OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. On the 4th of July, 1839, was held the centennial of the first settlement of the town of Windham. The day was ushered in with an artillery salute at sunrise. At six o'clock a procession was formed at the hotel of James Greenough, under the direction of Gen. Elias Baker, chief marshal, and Daniel W. Dole and Ezra Brown, Esqs., assistant mar- shals, which, for numbers, is seldom equaled in any place. A large number of the old citizens of Windham came from a distance to pay tribute to the memory of their fathers. Hon. John Anderson presided, and Moses Little and Lucius Whipple, Esqs., officiated as vice-presidents. The occasion was one long to be remembered by those wiio participated in it. A full report of this grand celebration would occupy too much space to be embodied in this history, but many copies of it have been preserved in the excellent historical sketch of the town prepared by Thomas L. Smith, Esq., and published in 1873. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. CONGREGATIONAL. The church established by the proprietors of the town was of the Congregational order. The first meeting-house was erected in 1740. Two years elapsed before a church was formed and an effort made to secure a minister. At a meeting of the proprietors, held March 3, 1742, it was voted to " settle an orthodox minister as soon as may be," to pay him "forty-five pounds for his settlement" out of the pro- prietors' treasury, and " thirty pounds per annum" for his salary, " until the township be incorporated as a town." James Skinner, Nathan Brown, and Jonathan Proctor were chosen a committee to settle Mr. John Wight, who duly ordained and entered upon his labors, with a church mem- bership of seven persons, in September, 1743, seven pounds ten shillings being voted by the proprietors to pay his ordi- nation expenses. We give a brief summary, as follows, of the pastors of this church : 51 1. Rev. John Wight, graduated at Harvard College in 1721 ; came from Dedhani, Mass. ; ordained Dec. 14, 1743 ; preached in Windham till his death, May 8, 1753, aged fifty-five years. 2. Rev. Peter Thacher Smith, son of Rev. Thomas Smith, born in Portland, June 14, 1731 ; graduated at Har- vard College in 1753; ordained Sept. 22, 1762; dismissed Nov. 26, 1790 ; died Oct. 26, 1826, in the ninety-sixth year of his age, having preached twenty-eight years and two months. 3. Rev. Nathaniel Stone, graduated at Harvard College in 1795 ; came from Provincetown, Mass.; ordained Oct. 1, 1798; dismissed Feb. 3, 1805. 4. Rev. A.sa Lyman, born at Lebanon, Conn., about 1777 ; graduated at Yale College in 1802 or 1803, installed Nov. 3,1809; dismissed June 1, 1810; died in the State of New York, in 1836, aged fifty-nine years. 5. Rev. Gardner Kellogg, installed April 25, 1811 ; con tinned pastor till his death, Nov. 29, 1826, aged sixty-one years. 6. Rev. William Gragg, ordained Oct. 15, 1828; dis- missed Aug. 31, 1831. 7. Rev. Jonathan Lee Hale, ordained Sept. 12,1832; continued pastor till his death, Jan. 15, 1835, aged forty- five years. 8. Rev. John W. Shepard, ordained Aug. 3, 1836 ; dis- missed July 19, 1839. 9. Rev. William Warren,* ordained February, 1840 ; dis- missed November, 1849. 10. Rev. John Perham, ordained Jan. 21, 1851 ; dis- missed Sept. 19, 1854. 11. Rev. Luther Wiswall, installed Sept. 20, 1854 ; and is the present pastor of the church. Besides the meeting-house already spoken of, erected in 1740, two other meeting-house frames were erected in the south part of the town prior to 1795, but neither of them was ever finished, and both were subsequently taken down. The fourth Congregational meeting-house was erected in 1795, and stood opposite Thomas L. Smith's dwelling-house. It was taken down in 1861. The first Congregational meet- ing-house at Windham Hill was built in 1834, and is the one now occupied by the society. It is a convenient, well- finished church, with steeple and bell, being the first bell in any church in Windham. The proceeds of the ministerial right in the town-grant have been converted into a fund, the income of which is about $225 a year, for the benefit of the church. friends' SOCIETV. The Friends' society is next to the oldest religious organ- ization in the town of Windham. At a town-meeting held October 13, 1774, it was voted to excuse eight persons of this society from paying the ministerial taxes, — a decidedly just and liberal act on the part of the people of the town. The Friends built their first meeting-house in 1779, estab- «Mr. Warren was educated at Bowdoin College, and prepared for the ministry at Bangor Theological Seminary. He rcecived the dc- crree of D.D. from Bowdoin College. During his residence in Wind- ham he was also engaged in teaching, and was the author of a geog- raphy which was extensively used in the schools of Maine. 402 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. lished a "preparative" meeting in 171)H, a (|uartorly meet- ing in 1801, and a monthly meeting in 1802. Their present house of worsliip — a large and commodious one, near the centre of the town — was erected in 1849. They are the only society in town that has sustained a regular meeting from the first to the present without a suspension of public worship. They provide for the needs of the le.ss favored among them, none of their society being allowed, oti account of poverty or misfortune, to become chargeable to the town for as.si.stance or support. They had at an early time an academy for the instruction of youth, which was the only one ever established in the town. METHODIST CHURCH. The first Methodist sermon preached in Maine was at Saco, Sept. 10, 1793, by Elder Jesse Lee, of Virginia. He had been principally instrumental in forming societies of this order in the New England States, which he com- menced in Connecticut in 1789. At a conference held in Lynn, in 1793, this zealous disciple of Wesley was ap- pointed to travel through Maine. In a tour of several months through the State he went as far east as Castine. A circuit was formed on the Kennebec called " Readfield's Circuit," and Elder Wager was appointed preacher. He was no doubt the first Methodist circuit preacher in Maine. The Portland circuit was established in 1794, and a class formed there in 1795, in December of which year the first quarterly meeting ever held in this State assembled at Port- land. It was probably about this time, or soon after, that the Methodists built a church edifice at Windham, that being included in Portland circuit, although we find" it stated by Mr. Smith, in his history of Windham, that it was built in 1792. Probably Elder Wager, when he was on the Portland circuit in 1795-96, was the first preacher of Methodism in Windham. Rev. Joshua Taylor, very likely, preached here also after he came upon the circuit in 1 804. At all events the early meetings here did not prosper. The church was abandoned, and taken down many years ago. They also subsequently built a meeting-house in the south part of the town, which was removed and used for a school-house. At present they have no denominational house of worship, but hold services in the free meeting- house at Windham Upper Corner. BAPTISTS. The Baptists of this town are all of the Free-Will order. A large society was gathered, and a meeting-house erected on the Little fiirm, near Malli.son Falls, in 1822, mainly under the ministry of Elder Clement Phinney, an able and popular preacher. For some time the congregations were large and euthu.siastic, but they ultimately dwindled away, worship was suspended, and the meeting-house, after re- maining unoccupied for several years, was taken down. A free meeting-house was erected in the south part of the town in 1870, and is occupied by the General Baptists and Second Adventists. UNIVERSALISTS. " Fifty years ago there was scarcely a Universalist in the town. At present they are more numerous than any other society." A Universalist society was first organized June 8, 1840. On the 15th of that month it was voted to build a meeting-house forty-eight feet long, thirty-eight wide, with posts seventeen feet high, lo have a suitable bel- fry, dome, and spire. The building was accordingly erected that fall, and dedicated May 12, 1841. Rev. George Bates preached the dedicatory sermon. Rev. Leander Hussey was the first settled pastor. For several years after the church was built they had large congregations and constant meetings. But in process of time the meetings were sus- pended, and the church remained unoccupied for several years. In 1871 the society was revived under the preach- ing of Rev. S. S. Fletcher. There is a free meeting-house at Windham (!entre, erected in 1846. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. WILLIAM GOOLD, of Windham, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, is emphatically a Maine man. The ancestors of both of his grandfathers were early settled at Kittery, in that part now Elliott. Only the width of the road separates the two farms, which are yet owned and occupied by the descendants of the two families. Family tradition says that two brothers came from England, and both settled in the vicinity of the Piscataqua. One of them was named Benjamin Goold. He was the great-great-grandfather of him whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He purchased his farm in 1717. His will names five sons and two married daugh- ters. The homestead he bequeathed to his son Benjamin, who died in 1806. He had four sons and three (married) daughters. Alexander, the second son, had the home farm, and cared for his parents. He was a soldier at the battle of Bunker Hill, and was on board the ship which carried Dr. Benjamin Franklin to France, in 1776. He was a military pensioner, and died about 1850, at the age of ninety-two ; at which time he had in the house, separate from all other money, all of his pension which he had drawn, amounting to sixteen hundred dollars. With all his American ancestors, he is buried in a private inclosure on the old farm, which is now owned by his son James. He was the granduncle of the present William Goold. Benjamin, the youngest son of the second Benjamin, and brother to Alexander, was born at Kittery, in 1749. At the age of nineteen he went to Falmouth, Me., and worked six years for Daniel Hall, a farmer; after which, in 1774, he went to Windham, and built a log hou.se on a lot of wild land, which he purchased with his six years' earnings and his scanty patrimony, and the same year he married Phoebe, the daughter of Nathan Noble, of New Bo.ston, now Gray, who was the son of John Noble, the founder of the beau- tiful town of New Milford, Conn., where he was born Feb. 4, 1722. Nathan Noble served in the French war; was at the siege and surrender of Louisbourg, in 1745. He after- wards enli.sted for three years in the array of the Revolu- tion, in 1775, leaving his family at Gray. He was in the battles of Stillwater, Hubbardston, and Saratoga, where Gen. Burgoyne surrendered his army, Oct. 17, 1777. In TOWN OF WINDHAM. 403 this memorable battle Mr. Noble was killed by a musket- ball while entering the enemy's work.s. lie wa.s William Goold's paternal great-i;randfather, Benjamin Goold, the third of the name of successive generations, and Phoebe Noble, his wife, from their lot of wild land made a fruitful farm, and a frame house, yet standing, took the place of the one of logs. In these houses, within the space of seventeen years, were born to them five sons and two daughters, of whom none are now living, Nathan Goold, the second son of the third Benjamin, and his wife, Phojbe Noble, was born at their homestead in Windham, April 10, 1778. In 1800, being then twenty-two, he purchased the farm nearly opposite his father's, on which he spent the remainder of his busy life. His second wife, He died of consumption, in 182:5, aged fort3'-five. His widow died in 18U6, aged eighty-five. Nathan and Betsey (Gowen) Goold were the parents of William Goold, whose name and portrait heads this sketch. He was born at the family residence in Windiiam, April 13, 1809. He was fourteen years old at the death of lii.s father, with only what education he acquired at the brief terms of the district school, which has been his only school- ing. The same year, at the age of fourteen, he commenced as an apprentice in a cloth- and clothing-store in Portland, where, during the six succeeding years, he acquired the me- chanical and mercantile skill requisite for the management of the business, in which he became a partner with his employer in 1830, who finally left the business to him two years after. In 1834, Mr. Goold married the only daugh- Plioto. by Conant. whom he married in 1807, was Betsey, the oldest child of James Gowen, of Westbrook, to which town he came from Kittery, where he was born, in 1754. His father, William Gowen, died in the Provincial army in Canada in 1760, and he was reared by his uncle and godfather, the Hon. James Gowen, of Kittery, who was one of the three Massa- chusetts Councilors from Maine from 1770 to 1774. He was the grandson of William Gowen, who was a freeholder in Kittery in 1675. Nathan Goold and his wife, Betsey Gowen, had two sons and one daughter ; only the sons are now living. He was a farmer and trader. He was elected chairman of the board of selectmen in 1812, and re- elected to that ofiBce eight successive years. He repre- .sented his native town in the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1815. He was a justice of the peace, and was a captain in the militia, called for the defense of Portland, in 1814. 'j^crCeX. ter of his first employer, Mr. Seth Clark. He continued in business until 1837. when his health became impaired, and he left the business and removed to the home farm, which he had always retained. After spending seven years on the fariu, and having regained his health, he returned to the clothing business, with his brother, in Portland, to whom he sold out two years after, and went into the manufacture and sale of fur goods. -Vt the commencement of the war, in 1861, Mr. Goold again removed to the old homestead, — to the same house in which he was born, built in 1775. In 1867 he represented the district composed of Windham and Scarborough in the Legislature, and was elected to the State Senate in 1874, and re-elected the next year. He has always been interested in historical research, especially in the history of his native State, and has written several lengthy papers on that subject. Some of them have been pub- 404 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. lished in the " New England Historic Genealogical Register," and others are in the " Archives of the Maine Historical Society," before which they have been read, and of which he is a member, elected in 1873. He is an enthusiastic and industrious historical student, and his initials are familiar to the readers of the Portland newspapers. Mr. Goold has four sons and three daughters, one of whom, Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson, the wife of Mr. Moses WooLson, a teacher of Concord, N. H., is well known by her lectures on Engli.sh literature and other subjects, and from her published works, the best known of which is " Women in American Society," published by Roberts Brothers, of Boston, in 1873. She was one year employed as essayist on the Boston Journal. One daughter is the wife of Mr. George H. Harding, of Windham, and the youngest has been five years a teacher in the public schools of Port- land. Of the sons, the two oldest are watchmakers in Bos- ton and Portland ; the third is a book-keeper at the Portland Locomotive Works, in whose employ, as machinist and book- keeper, he has been fifteen years. The youngest is a sales- man in a Portland clothing-store. During the second year of the Rebellion the oldest son left his watch-making, and enlisted on board the steam sloop-of-war " Housatonic" with- out bounty, and served fifteen months on the Charleston blockade, where he was often under fire on shipboard and in armed boat service. After his discharge he volunteered in the disastrous night boat attack on Fort Sumter. At the expiration of his term of service he resumed the watch business. The family are Episcopalians. The Arms of Goold are thus recorded in the Herald's OflSce, London : " Per Saltire or and az a Lion Rampt, Counterchanged. Crest on a Mount vert an Ermine pas- sant proper." Motto, " Dum Spiro Spero." THOMAS LAURENS SMITH was born in Windham, Cumberland Co., Me., Nov. 3, 1797. He descends (the fourth generation) from the Rev. Thomas Smith, who was the first regularly ordained minis- ter in Falmouth (now Portland), and who was born in Boston, March 10, 1702, a memoir of whose life was pub- lished in Portland, by William Willis, in 1849. He mar- ried, Sept. 12, 1728, Sarah Tyng, by whom he had eight children. The Rev. Peter Thacher Smith (grandfather to Thomas L.) was their second child. He was born in Port- land, June 14, 1731 ; graduated from Harvard College 1753, and settled as pastor of the Congregational Church at Windham, Sept. 22, 1762, their .second pastor, the Rev. John Wight being the first. He was twice married. His first wife, by whom he had all his children, eleven in number, was Elizabeth Wendell, of Boston, to whom he was married Oct. 8, 1765. Thomas Smith, their fourth child, and father to Thomas L., was born in Windham, Oct. 2, 1770. Married Mary Barker, by whom he had four children, viz., Tyng, liliza Wendell, Thomas L., and Mary Ann, all deceased except Thomas L. His father died Feb. 27, 1802; his mother, Jan. 12, 1846. After the death of his father, Mr. Smith went to live with his uncle, John Tyng Smith, in Gorham, where he remained eight years. He subsequently learned of his brother, Tyng, the clothier's trade, and followed it for seven years in the town of Westbrook. His education was limited to the common schools of Gorham and Wind- ham. With the exception of three years in which, from 1832 to 1835, he was engaged in the lumber trade in the Photo, by Lamion. town of Standish, Mr. Smith, since his marriage, has lived and carried on a farm in the town of Windham, and since 1835 on the same place where he still lives. He married, March 18, 1821, Eliza Chamberlain, daughter of Joseph and Abigail Chamberlain. Mrs. Smith was born Aug. 3, 1801. They have had five children, viz., Mary Ann, born Dec. 10, 1823, died in Natick, Mass., Oct. 26, 1867; Edward Tyng, born Feb. 26, 1826, married Eliza Marston, of North Yarmouth ; is a carriage manufacturer at Little Falls, South Windham ; Wendell Thomas, born July 17, 1835, a private in Company F, 1st Maine Cavalry, died on David's Island, N. Y., while in service, July 21, 1864; Frances Elizabeth, born Aug. 23, 1837, living at home; Eliza Wendell, born May 26, 1842, wife of G. C. Hathaway, of Natick, Mass. In politics, Mr. Smith has been identified with the Whig and Republican parties. In religion he has entertained Universalist views. He has filled the oflBce of justice of the peace, in Windham, from 1823 to 1874. A longer continued term of office will be hard to find. He has filled at difi"erent times the offices of town treasurer, town agent, selectman, and superintendent of the town school committee. In 1829 he was elected county coroner; in 1830, deputy sheriflF. He was president of the first tem- perance society in Windham. In 1861 he was elected representative for Windham and Scarborough. In 1874 he was elected trial justice, which position he still holds. In 1873 he published a history of Windham. Having been a resident of the town twenty-three years, while it was a rtioto. I'j- Kiiubai:, Augusta. IIICIIARD JIAYIJEKRY. Photo, by I-inisoii, I'orll^m.l '&m(L Jc P^/ac/t riioto. !)>' Laiiigoii, rorllnml. ■::^y':7§!'^^^^ ,,yU, I'lioto. by loMiint, I'orllan.l. //v>^ Cc TOWN OF WINDHAM. 409 part of the province of Massachusetts, and for more than a half-century after the province had become the State of Maine, and having filled nearly every oflBce within the gift of its people, 3Ir. Smith could fittingly appropriate to him- self the language of ^neas of old : " . . . quaeque ipse . . . vidi, et quorum pars magna fui." RICHARD MAYBERRY was born in Windham, Cumberland Co., Me., May 19, 1814. William Mayberry, the second settler in the town of Windham, had three sons, — Thomas, Richard, and John. William Mayberry, the only son of the latter, was Richard's grandfather. Josiah Mayberry, his father, was the youngest of si.x sous, and the youngest but one in a family of nine children. He married Eunice Miller for his first wife, by whom he had five children, of whom Richard was the youngest, and the only one now living. In 1820 the family moved from the old homestead, in South Windham, and settled on the Presumpscot River road, in that part of Windham known as the Mayberry neighborhood, in which locality Mr. Mayberry has ever since lived. Farming has been his life-long occupation. His education was received in the common schools of Windham. He was married, March 30, 1842, to Mary Jane Mayberry, dauglitcr of Thomas and Mary Mayberry, of Windham. Mrs. May- berry was born Jan. 9, 1821. They have had four children, viz.: Almeda Ellen, born Dec. 14, 1848. Mary Abby, born Aug. 30, 1852; married, Jan. 1, 1874, to John C. Mayberry ; they have two children, — Mabel May, and Richard Lcroy. Francis Newhall, born Oct. 22, 1857. Fred. Eugene, born April 27, 18G5. In politics, Mr. Mayberry was a Democrat until the for- mation of the Republican party, since which time he has been identified with that parly. He was elected represen- tative for the town of Windham in 1872, serving in the Legislature of 1873. A thorough farmer, a good citizen, of a genial, social dis- position, Mr. Mayberry well deserves the esteem in which he is held by the community in which he has always lived. D. P. B. PRIDE. This gentleman was born in Windham, April 22, 1852, the second child of Edmund B. and Hannah M. (Baker) Pride. His father was born in the town of Cumberland, and was a sea-captain for twelve years. After his marriage he settled on a farm in Cumberland. In 1850 he moved to North Windham, where he has since carried on farming. Their children are Frank 0., D. P. B., and Lizzie M. The eldest was born in Cumberland, married Abbie Hunt, and has one child, Leoniel Hersey. He is superintendent of the North Windham Manufacturing Company. D. P. B. Pride received his education in the common schools of Windham, with two years and a half at Westbrook Sem- inary, from which he graduated in 1869. He .subse((uently pursued a classical course, under the instruction of Professor James Furbish, of Portland, for two and a half years. Studied law for the same period in the office of Howard & Cleaves, Portland ; was admitted to the bar Dec. 12, 1873 ; opened a law-office at North Windham, in 1874, and has practiced his profession there since. Mr. Pride is a Re- publican in politics, and takes an active part in political campaigns. In religion he is a Universalist in sentiment. He is a prominent member of the order of Good Tem- plars, and is at the head of that organization of the Cumber- land district. In June, 1873, he was elected first lieutenant of Com- pany A, 1st Regiment Maine Volunteer Militia. GEORGE T. PRATT was born in the town of Yarmouth, Cumberland Co., Me., July 23, 1847, the fourth child of Thomas and Mary (Bucknam) Pratt. His father followed lumbering and farming, and lived and died in Yarmouth. His mother is still living at the old homestead there. George T. lived at home until he was twenty-one years of age. He received his education in the common schools of his native town. Though brought up on a farm, he early showed a prefer- ence for mechanical pursuits, possessing almost an intuitive knowledge of machinery. Following this natural bent of his mind, when of age he left the farm and engaged in the paper-mill of Dennison & Brown at Yarmouth, where he remained till the mil! burned in 1871. He was next em- ployed in the paper-mill of L. L. Brown & Co., at South Adams, Mass. In 1875 he was employed in setting up and running the paper-board mill of Pollard & Gray, at East Dover, Me. He also started a mill of the same kind at South Paris. He next took charge of a wood-pulp mill on the Presumpscot River, in North Gorham. In the fall of 1876 he was employed as superintendent of the Sebago Wood Board Company's works, situated at Little Falls, on the Presumpscot River, in South Windham, which position he still holds. Mr. Pratt in whatever position he has occupied has shown himself a thorough master of the situation. Of strictly temperate habits, using neither tobacco nor ardent spirits in any form, thoroughly self-reliant, he has always enjoyed in the fullest measure the confidence of his employers and the respect of all who have known him. J. M. WHITE. His grandfather, Peter, born in Dedham, Mass., in 1748, removed from Buckfield to Standish, in 1788. Married Alice Wescott, of Westbrook. She was born in 1752, and died Oct. 7, 1812. He died June 2, 1804. Their children were Peter. "Mary W., wife of John Trickey, born Nov. 11, 1776 ; died June, 1817. Annie W., wife of Abraham Nabery. Elder Joseph White. Captain John White, born 1784; died April 4, 1838. Captain Mark White, born January, 1781 ; died December, 1832. Solomon White, born January, 1792; died 1817. Nathaniel White, born March, 1798; died Jan. 31, 1853. His father, Capl. John White, married, in 1819, Huldah, daughter of Eben and Sarah H. Morrill, of Windham. She was the daughter of Elijah Hanson, one of the first settlers in Windham, and was born Dec. 19, 1790, and died Jan. 15, 1879. Their children are Ann W., born 40G HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Aug. 5, 1820. John M., born May 19, 1828. Ellen, born Sept. 29, 1830. These children were born at Great Falls, Windham, in the same house, now the residence of and owned by J. M. White. This homestead was purchased by Capt. John White from the heirs of John Trickey, in 1832, and had been deeded to John Trickey by Zebulon Trickey, in 1800, and deeded to him by Samuel Sewell, of Marblehead. ALLEY HAWKES was born in Windham, Cumberland Co., Me., Dec. 3, 1809. The first progenitor of the family in this country was Adam Hawkes, who, at the age of twenty-two, with seventeen hundred emigrants, under Governor John Winthrop, in a fleet of eleven vessels, landed at Salem, Ma.ss., June 12, 1630. He built a log house in the town of Saugus, on the Saugus River, on an eminence which has always borne the name of " Close Hill." This house was subsequently burned in midwinter, the family barely escaping with their lives. One of the bricks brought from England and used in the construction of the chimney was shown the writer by a son of Mr. Hawkes. The line of descent is as follows: (Ij Adam Hawkes, (2) John Hawkes, (3) Ebenezer Hawkes, Sr., (4j Ebenezer Hawkes, Jr., (5) James Hawkes, (6) James Hawkes, (7) Alley Hawkes. In 1712, Ebenezer Hawkes, Sr., moved to Marblehead, Mass., and was one of the committee appointed to locate and survey the town of New Marblehead (now Windham), and though he never moved there, he was one of its most active proprietors. He was on the committee to build a bridge over the Presumpscot River, at Horse-beef (now Mallison) Falls, in 1735, and in company with three others built a saw-mill there. He died in 1760. His son, Ebenezer, Jr., had four sons: Amos, Ebenezer, Nathaniel, and James. The latter (grandfather of Alley Hawkesj was twice married. By his first wife he had one son and two daughters. James Hawkes, the .son, married Rebecca Robinson, by whom he had seven children, viz.: Samuel, Solomon, Betsey, Daniel, Lydia, James, and Alley ; all deceased, except Betsey, James, and Alley. The father built and carried on a carding-miil at Duck Pond, and also dealt in ship-timber. He was for a number of years en- gaged in the grocery trade, at Windham Hill, in company with his eldest son. Alley Hawkes lived at home until twenty years of age. His education was limited to the common schools of Wind- ham. He learned the shoemaker's trade of Joshua L. Brown, of Great Falls. Working for other parlies for about three years, in 1833 he bought out his employers, Messrs. Reed & Hawkes, and carried on the shoemaking business until 1845. In the same year he purchased of William Goold the store at the corner of Windham Centre, which he still occupies as a grocery store. Mr. Hawkes married, Feb. 28, 1838, Charlotte, daughter of Abraham Mayberry, of Slandish. His wife died Oct. 28, 1842. He again married, Oct. 18, 1843, Ann Louisa, daughter of James II. Morris. Mrs. Hawkes was born in Scarborough, Oct. 4, 1822. They have had three children, viz.: William A., deceased ; Fred S., in trade wiljh his father at Windham Centre ; he has been town clerk for eight years, and town treasurer for three years ; and Frank N., at home. Mr. Hawkes, with the exception of the short time named above at Gorham, has been a life-long resident of Windham. His present residence at the centre of the town was formerly known as the Hansen Tavern stand, and was kept as a public-house for nearly a century. In politics Mr. Hawkes is a Republican. He has been postmaster at the Centre .since 1872. DR. B. F. DUNN was born in the town of Oxford, county of Androscoggin. Me., Jan. 9, 1844, the fourth child of James and Ruth (Strout) Dunn. The family are of Scotch descent. His father was a native of Poland, Me., and is a farmer by oc- cupation. There were eight children in his father's family, five sons and three daughters, all but one living. His mother died in August, 1803, at East Poland. The doc- tor's early years were spent on the farm at home. He at- tended the high school at Minot Corner, town of Minot; several terms at Edward Little Institute, at Auburn, War- ren T. Webster, Principal ; and two years at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Kent's Hill, in the town of Read- field. At the age of eighteen he enlisted as a private in Company G, Twenty-third Maine, a nine months' regi- ment; was honorably discharged at the end of term of ser- vice. He taught two terms of school at West Poland, and for a time at the State Reform School. He commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hersey, of Ox- ford, with whom he remained six mouths. For the next two years and a half he studied with Dr. S. C. Gordon, of Portland, Me. His first course of lectures was at Bowdoin Medical College; his second course, at the Harvard Medical College ; his third, at Bowdoin, from which ho took his di- ploma, June, 1868. He temporarily opened an office with his old preceptor in Portland, where he remained four months. His next practice was in the town of Harrison, where he remained one year. He opened an office at Wind- ham Hill in the fall of 1869, and has remained here since, and has built up a large practice in the town of Windham and vicinity. The doctor married, Jan. 9, 1869, Clara A. Towle, daughter of Lorenzo and Harriet Towle, of West- brook. Mrs. Dunn was born in Westbrook, Feb. 13, 1843. In politics the doctor is Republican. Both the doctor and Mrs. Dunn are members of the First Congregational Church of Windham. CHARLES ROGERS was born in Windham, Cumberland Co., Me., May 12, 1826, the eldest child of Isaiah and Lydia (Gray) Rogers. Gershom Rogers, who was .selectman of Windham in 1783 and 1784, was his great-grandfather. His grandfather, Isaac Rogers, and his father, Isaiah, were born in North Windham, on the place now owned by Lewis Libby. They ■^^Xv ^V-"^ I'lmti). by Coiiarit. tf44,-^l.^ J^.^ Photu. by Lanisou. / IMiutcs. Ii) l,aliis,,li, P.irtliiliil. .\IJ,?;V HAWKES. /a/^/ ^l cj.^--^ TOWN OF YAKMOUTH. 407 were farmers. His mother was the dauiihtcr of James and Ljdia Gray, of the town of Standish. There were in his fatlier's family cijrlit children, viz. : Charles, Marshall, Orin N., Cummings, Sarah K., Annette, Isaac R., and Albert T., all living except Marshall and Orin N. His fether died Nov. 20, 1878 ; his mother, Dec. 3, 1878. Mr. Rogers lived at home till he was eight years of age ; he then went to live with his uncle, Daniel Rogers, and remained till he was twenty-one years of age. His education was received in the common schools of Wind- ham. For four years after his majority he worked at lum- bering on the Northwest River, Sebago. In 1851 he returned to Windham, where, in company with Charles and J. A. Parsons, he purchased what is known as the Narrows Mills. In 1859 he sold his interest in the mill, and in the spring of 1860 engaged in mercantile trade in North Windham. In 1861 he also engaged in the manufacture of clothing. In 1875 he became again interested in the lumber business, as a partner in the North Windham Man- ufacturing Company, building a new mill on the site of the old Narrows Mills. These several interests he still retains. He married, May 27, 1853, Rebecca Knight, daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Rogers) Knight. Mrs. Rogers was born in Windham, Sept. 17, 1829. They have had four children, as follows; Orin N., born June 23, 1854, died May 24, 1855; L. Ella, born May 23, 1856; Charles D., born Jan. 16, 1859, died April 16, 1862; Hattie P., born April 26, 1862. In politics Mr. Rogers was first a Whig, and a Republi- can since the formation of the party. He was selectman in 1865, 1867, 1868, and 1869; representative in 1874- 75 ; town agent in 1878-79 ; and trial justice since 1872. BENJAMIN M. BAKER was born in Windham, Cumberland Co., Me., Oct. 23, 1817, the eldest child of Elias and Margaret (Morrill) Baker. His grandfatlicr, Josiah Baker, born in Falmouth, July 5, 1761. married lOlizabeth Legrow, Nov. 13, 1783. Soon after his marriage he settled in East Windham, where all of his children, seven in number, were born. He died Oct. 24, 1829. Gen. Elias Baker, his father, represented the town in the Legislature two years, and was selectman a number of years. He died Marcii 8, 1872. His mother is still living, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years, with her son, Benjamin M. Their children were Benjamin M., David P., Han- nah M., and Elizabeth L. David P. is deceased. Mr. Baker lived on the place where he was born, now owned by John L. Morrill, till January, 1857, when he moved on to the farm in East Windham where he now resides. His education was limited to the common schools of Windham. He married, June 21, 1840, Hannah A. Baker, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Baker. Mrs. Baker was born in Windham. Sept. 28, 1818. They have had nine children, viz.: Cordelia J., born Dec. 26, 1841 ; wife of Jo.seph E. Maxfield ; they have three children, Ina B., Mabel, and Herold Blinn. Ann Mary, born April 21, 1843, wife of Rufus A. Maxfield, brother of Joseph E. ; one child, Iva N. Elias L., born Jan. 11, 1847, died July 8, 1854. Ella L., born Dec. 25, 1848, wife of Calvin Morrill. Margaret V., born April 3, 1851. Frank P., born Oct. 3, 1854. Elias L., born Dec. 2, 1855. Lizzie B., born March 10, 1857, died May 14, 1863. Eugene B., born Dec. 9, 1862. In politics Mr. Baker has been a life-long Democrat, and is one of the leading men of that party in the town of Windham. He has been called to fill various offices of public tru.st. Was deputy sheriff from 1848 to 1856; coroner from 1852 to 1856; representative in 1865 and 1872; selectman in 1874; and State senator in 1876. In the discharge of all public duties, and as a private citizen, 3Ir. Baker has always commanded the respect of the entire community in which his whole life has been spent. YARMOUTH. INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES. The town of Yarmouth was incorporated Aug. 8, 1849, and comprised the southern half of the town of North Yarmouth. It is bounded on the north by North Yar- mouth, on the east by Pownal and Freeport, on the south by Casco Bay, and on the west by Cumberland. It com- prises the greater portion of the early settlements formerly called Wescustogo, and taken possession of by Walter Gendall, George Pearson, and Lieut. Anthony Brackett, under an order issued July 13, 1681, by Hon. Thomas Danforth. The islands belonging to the town are Cousins', Little Johns, Great and Little Moges, Lane's, and Crab Islands. Royall's River, passing to the southward through the centre of the town, furnishes throe magnificent water- powers, 500 yards apart, the lower of which is at the head of steamboat navigation. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The beautiful bay, abounding with fish and fowl, dotted with verdant islands, the bountiful supply of timber upon its shores, and the immense profits of trade witii the Indians, were allurements not to be resisted by the hardy sons of the Pilgrim Fathers of New England. The extensive mud flats along the shores abounded in clams, the shells of which had accumulated in immense heaps through many genera- tions of the red men. 408 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. In 1629, William Royall, a clcavev of timber, came froiu England, and settled in 1636 between Cnusin Kiver and the stream beavinn; bis name. He purchased a tract of land here of Thomas Gorges, in 1643. In 1637, John Cousins bought of him and moved on to the land between the two branches of Cousin River, afterwards occupied by Mr. Lane. In 1645 he became the owner of Cousin.s' Island. In 1647, Richard Bray purchased of Mr. Cousins one-half of his island, and with William Wise settled thereon. Richard Carter, Sr., settled on the Foreside.* In 1652 he sold " his sixty acres of lands, with fenced fields," to John Mayne (or Maine), from whom the western end took the name of Maine's Point. Hugh Mosier settled on Mosier's Island in 1647 ; Nicholas White came the same year. John Holman settled on Prince's Point, near Mr. Mayne. In 1658 a fort or stronghold was erected on Mr. Royall's place, a saw- mill was built at the lower falls by Henry Saward, and a grist-mill partially completed. George Felt, Francis Neal, and Jenk Williams bought a large tract of land from some Indians, but were opposed by other Indians, who claimed that the first had no title to the land, which was theirs. Thomas Blashfield settled in that part of the town now Freeport, and Benjamin Larraboe on the old " Staples farm." Great care was exercised in selecting defensive localities for dwellings. Every man's house was his castle. Forts or strongholds of timbers were erected singly, if alone ; while near neighbors joined in a more substantial place of retreat and defense against Indian incursions, and in this one of the families lived. In June, 1675, the Indians began a war of extermina- tion against the settlers, who were fast encroaching upon their favorite fishing-grounds. Lane's Island had been their council-ground, and its western end their burial-place. Another burial-place was at Maine's Point. The large piles of shells and many stone implements scattered over these flats attest their long occupancy. James Lane was killed. Two of the sons of a Mr. Hazelton, who had re- cently bought the remaining half of Cousins' Island, were killed while hunting their cows in the woods. The panic- stricken settlers abandoned their homes in haste. Royall's fort was destroyed, the mills burned, and the dwellings and improvements destroyed. After three years peace was made, and the inhabitants returned to their desolate homes. September, 1680, the name was changed to North Yar- mouth. A committee, appointed by Governor Danforth to determine the most defensible place for laying out a town, fixed upon the neck or flat south of Royall's River, for- merly occupied by John Maine and Jolin Holman, and comprising all the lands south of the Meeting-House Ledge. The former owners were awarded lands elsewhere in ex- change for their old titles, on condition of actual settle- ment. The mill was rebuilt by Capt. Gendall. Capt. Walter Gendall (of Cumberland), Lieut. Anthony Brackett, and George Pearson, surveyor, — committee, — measured and staked out a stjuare of 10 acres of the plains laud ou the flat below for a meeting-house, minister's house, market-place, school, and burial-plat, surrounded by a street four rods wide. * Fureside, — the local name njiplicd to the peninsula extending into Casco Bay. The outer side of the street was laid out in dwelling-house lots, five on each .side, eight rods front and ten rods deep. A common field, comprising 6 acres for each house-lot, was al.so laid out. Each inhabitant was required to build a dwelling-house upon his lot within one year's time, under penalty of forfeiture of his lot and 40s. fine, unless the committee saw fit to release the fine only. June 28, 1684, John York, .John Royall,t John Harris, and Capt. Walter Gendall were appointed trustees and com- mittee, — any two of whom, with the selectmen of the town, might grant lands. At a meeting, held at the house of Thomas Blashfell Feb. 24, 1685, the committee declared themselves empow- ered to deed a grant of land to every man who was an in- habitant of the town. John Royall, William Ashfell, Isaac Larrabee, and Roger Edwards each received 1 acres of land and 4 acres of marsh ; and Nov. 15th, Henry Coombs, Samuel Larrabee, and John Harris, each 10 acres of land and 4 acres of marsh, on the west side of Royall's River and along the shore. By 1686, 36 families were settled along the shores of North Yarmouth, most of whom were in the present town of Yarmouth. In July, 1686, an Indian named Joseph was arrested by Constable Henry Coombs, for abusing the Lanes in (now) Freeport. He plead drunkenness, having had " eight quarts of rum of John Royall the day before, and four this day !" Mr. Royall denied selling to him, J and testi- fied to his previous bad conduct. The Indian was fined, and Mr. Royall remanded to Boston, to appear before the Governor. The Indians were soon engaged in a general war. William Scales was killed and his family taken captive. .John Royall was taken prisoner. A number of Indians met the whites at Royall's River, as they were going from the Royall garrison near the west end of the lower bridge to their work upon a stockade on the east bank in the morning. They were impudent, and one of them finally pushed one of the Larrabees, who in- stantly shot him dead. Another Indian who attempted to interfere was cut down by a broad-axe in the hands of Benedict Pulsifer. The fight then became general. The whites, inferior in numbers, retreated below the bank of the river. The garrison, perceiving that their ammunition was about exhausted, Capt. Gendall went in a boat with an attendant to supply them. As the boat neared the shore the savages fired. Throwing the ammunition to the shore, he exclaimed, " I have lost my life in your service I" and fell dead in the boat. William Harris was captured, but escaped. John Royall was taken prisoner. A garrison was established in his house by Col. Tyng, but two months later we find Mrs. Ijoyall petitioning the Governor for good soldiers. William Scales was killed, and his family taken away. The mills were again burned, and the inhabitants of Lane's Island butchered. Their bodies were found. t This name was also spelled Rial, Ryall, and Riall, in the early records. He made his mark, to official papers, thus: "John K. Ryal." t Mr. Royall wiis an Indiiin trader. At this time aline of 20». was exacted for each j)int of into.xivating drink .sold to :in Indian. JAMES BATES, M.D. JAMES BATES, M.P., was the eldest son of Solomon Bates and Mary Macomber, and was born in the town of Greene, County of Lincoln (now Kennebec), District of Maine. Sept. 24, 1789. At the age of seven his father moved to Fayette, in same county, where the subject of this sketch remained till he became of age, ac- quiring in the mean time a common education, such as the times afforded. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of medicine, as the pupil of Dr. Charles Smith, of Fayette, and Dr. Ariel Mann, of llallowell. Me., the latter one of the most accomplished physicians and surgeons which Maine has ever possessed. After attending the usual course of medical instruction at Harvard Medical University at Boston, he was appointed ''surgeon's-mate" of Col. Denny McCobb's regiment of volunteer infantry in I8i;^. In 1S14 he was appointed "hospital surgeon*s-mate," served on the Niagara frontier until the close of the war in Gen. (then Col.) Winfield Scott's brigade; was present at the surrender of Fort Eric, and at the bat- tles of Chippewa and Bridgewater. At the close of the war, in 1815, he was left in charge of the general military hospital near Buffalo, with seven hundred sick and wounded, and was the ranking medical officer at that time remaining in the service. He left the army in May, 1815, and entered into a copartnership with his former preceptor, Dr. Mann, of Hallowell, Me., for the practice of his profession. On the 27th of July, 1815, he married Mary Jones, daughter of Capt. Sylvester Jones, of Fayette, with whom he lived happily for sixty years, and by whom he had five children, two sons and three daughters. One son, James M. Bates, M.D., and one daughter, Mrs. William Jewell, for many years a resident of Bangor, now of Berlin, N. II., are still living. His oldest daughter, Mary A. C. married Edward C. Selden, of Norridgewock, Me., and died in April, 1847. His second daughter, Lydia C. J., married James B. Faru?worth, son of Judge Drummond Farnsworth, of Norridge- wock, Me., and se wounded in other organizations with which bis regiment served. TOWN OF YARMOUTH. 4f9 togetlier with that of a stranger they had tortured there, and buried. Forced to abandon their homes, the settlers removed to Jewells Island and built a fort there to protect themselves until thev could return to Massachusetts. Here they were again attacked by a large party, whom they de- feated with great loss. Joseph Felt made the first resettlement on his father's place, on Royall's River, in 1715, and James Parker, at Parker's Point, opposite Lane's Island, in 1717. Capt. Nathaniel Weare, afterwards son-in-law of Joseph Felt, re- built the saw-mill in 1715, to encourage settlement under the Gedney claim. The inhabitants and their descendants soon began to return to their old homes, now covered with a second growth of young trees. Through all the destruc- tion the Indians had preserved only the barn of Mr. Say- ward. Five soldiers were sent to garrison the town. In 1723 there were living near Stephen Larrabee and Capt. Parker's garrison, John Downer, John Brock, Isaac, Ste- phen, and Benjamin Larrabee, James Parker, Thomas Lawerthy, and Joseph Harris.* A meeting was held at James Parker's inn, September 14th, to complete settlement. Capt. Jeremiah Moulton and Benjamin Fiagg, with John Stevens and Phinehas Jones, chainmen, laid out 50 lots of 10 acres each, on Maine's Neck, and 50 more on the west side of Royall's River. Stevens, Jones, and Parker were each awarded a house-lot for watching timber through the past winter, and Capt. Moulton, the lot between the wharves, south, for sur- veying. A printed circular advertised the meeting which assembled at James Parker's Inn, May 18, 1727, for the first drawing of lots. Each proprietor was required to clear 5 acres and build a house before June, 1729. A space of three rods wide was to be kept open on the water front for- ever. A meeting-house was commenced near the head of lot No. 101, in 1727, on an unsurveyed lot permanently reserved for a burying-place, training-field, and pound. By March, 1730, there were -11 houses and 12 frames erected. Samuel Seabury and Jacob Mitchell built a saw- and grist- mill at the lower falls, for which they were given 120 acres of land and 10 acres at the mill-site. May 14, 1733, the first election of town officers for the old town of North Yarmouth was held in the meeting- house. A second drawing of land was had June 20th, embracing the north part of the town.f Capt. Solomon Loring and Cushing Prince built a block- house west of the meeting-house. J A second was occupied by the minister, a hundred feet to the east. Aug. 9, 1746, Ebenezer Eaton was wounded and scalped * Joseph Drinkwater was a port of this garrison in 1735. t This comprised a part of '• two miles on each side of the Wesen- stogo River from the first falls to the head of the river, and every branch and creek thereunto belonging," purchased of Robin Hood and other sagamores, in 167.3, and sold to B. Gedney, of Salem, Mass., and Henry Saward, of York, Oct. 12, 1G74. They began to erect a mill with two saws and a corn-mill, which were burned by the In- dians. Mr. Gedney became sole proprietor. Capt. Gcndall purchased the mill-site of Mr. Gedney, to whom it reverted in 16S1, together with a saw- and grist-mill, house, and 4 acres of cleared land on e.ach side of the river. After Gedney's death, Nathaniel Weare, who had a one-third cl.aim, built the third mill. X Mary Loring. mother of Capt. John Young, was born in this house in August, 1753, and lived there until June, 1843. 52 alive by Indians. Philip Greely was killed. David True was killed by a party about to surprise Capt. Weare's gar- rison, and their object defeated by the barking of his dog. Jacob, afterwards Deacon Mitchell, was pursued while re- turning from an evening visit to his lady, and barely es- caped by dashing inside the stockade enclosure of the Whitcomb liouse, on hoi-seback,§ June 20, 1748. Joe, .son of Capt. Weare, became famous as a scout and ludiun- fighter during this war. In 1739, Uriah Mason opened a tannery at Larrabee's Landing, on Royall's River, and a grant of 120-acre lots was given to John Powell, to encourage the erection of a refinery and forge, for the manufacture of iron from ores obtained on Toddy Brook, near Walnut Hill, North Yar- mouth. The lefinery and forge were immediately erected near the present furnace of Mr. Weston, and were in opera- tion subsequent to 1753. || June 20, 1748, Mr. Eaton was killed on the old road south of the ledge, after dragging an Indian who clung to him down the hill, and refusing to surrender, and Benja- min Lake was captured. Three others were pursued, one killed, and another wounded. Joseph Chandler, Solomon and Daniel Mitchell, boys, were captured while after their cows, below the meeting-house, in 1751. Daniel Mitchell remained a prisoner ten years ; the others, three. It Wiis not until after 1760 that it was sufficiently safe for settlers to venture back into tlie woods more than an hour's walk from salt water. The settlement increased more rapidly afterwards. In 1769, Richard Bray bought and settled on one-half of Cousins' Island. In 1774 the town's people took a firm stand against the British Government. Garrisons were repaired, muni- tions of war secreted, and troops early furnished for both land and sea. Great excitement was occasioned by the appearance of a vessel at the entrance of the harbor, one Sunday in autumn of 1775. The sentries about the meeting-house discharged their guns. The services were suspended, and women fainted, while the ringing voices of Capt. Mitchell and Lieut. John Drinkwater were heard calling their men from among the congregation, and form- ing them for action. Marching to Gray's wharf, they found her to be a privateer, sent by Gen. Washington, in quest of spruce, for the medical department of the army. The people turned out en masse, and soon supplied them ? The Whitcomb house is still standing a short distance bolow the Riverside Cemetery. It was erected in 1728-29, and is the oldest building in Y'armouth. II Dr. Jackson, in report of Geological Survey of Maine, says, " Specimens of magnetic iron ore from Davis' Hill, in Raymond, hav- ing been sent mc for analysis, ... at my request several gentlemen accompanied me to the spot, which is a mountain situated in the northeast part of Raymond, six miles from Scbago Lake, and three- fourths of a mile from the he.id of Great Rattlesnake I'oud. The hill is an abrupt, precipitous nmss of rocks, covered with a scanty soil, bearing a few small forest trees, and att.iins an elevation of 371 feet above "the level of Rattlesnake Pond. The rock which contains the iron ore is a huge bod of green cpidote rook, containing also many scattered crystals of black hornblende, and (he iron ore occurs in sheets or veins, closely implanted, mc:isuring from one to four inches in thickness. Owing to its being very closely attached to the rock, it is ditficull to quarry without taking out largo portions of the matri.x within which it is iuclosed." He estimates it as yielding oO per coul. it wrought in a blast furnace. 410 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. with a cargo. A redoubt was erected on Prince's Point, and mounted with a ship's f^un, for a coast defense.* After the war, popuhition and business increased. A pot- ash-factory was opened by Mr. Sliepard ; hat-factories, by Nathan Spafford and others ; salt-works, by Nathaniel Jenks ; a cloth-carding and fulling-mill, in 1790, by Jonathan True; a scythe- and axcfactory, by Joseph C. Batchelder; a paper-mill, by Hawes & Cox, succeeded by a mahogany- mill, by Mr. Kimball ; brick-making, morocco- and leather- dressing, carding-machinery, by Solomon Winslow ; and the famous " Grandfather's" clocks, by Lebbeiis Bailey. A Mr. Tailor walled in a rock-bound cove, on the north side of Prince's Point, to catch the tide, and evaporate salt water on a gigantic scale, but only succeeded in giving to the locality the name of " Tailor's Folly." The channel of Cousins lliver was changed, to facilitate navigation, in 1794, By 1820, ship-building had become a leading enterprise. The two villages were bu.sy with traffic in liay, wood, pota- toes, lumber, and produce, for export in the coasting-vessels which crowded the wharves. The business then comprised six stores, saw, grist, fulling, carding, and paper mills, jew- elry, clock, cabinet, saddle, chaise, and wagon, and three blacksmith -shops, two tanneries, a brick-yard, a ship-yard, two taverns, and a busy stage-line. The Pilot, a Universalist weekly paper, was published in Yarmouth, by Capt. James C. Hill & Son, in 1835-36, and printed on paper made in the village. Ou the re-incorporation of the town in 1859 a farm was purchased for the support of the town poor, the fire-engine repaired and placed in a new building, and the schools re- organized. The manufacture of oil from porgies was com- menced on a large scale in 1809, but abandoned in 1871. This industry has been profitable for fishermen with small presses for many years. In 1877 the old engine was sold and the proceeds used to erect street-lamps, which were first lighted November 1st of that year. The Maine Central crosses the Grand Trunk Railway a mile north of the vil- lage, where is also the Maine Central Depot. Ship-build- ing has been a leading enterprise. In 1874 eight vessels, with an aggregate of 4618 tons burden, were launched. YARMOUTH VILLAGE, a seaport and station on the Grand Trunk Railway, orig- inally comprised two separate hamlets, a mile apart, known as the Upper and Lower village. These have since grown to one continuous village, still known by the old local names. The place contains over 200 dwellings, 4 churches, the town-house, 2 school-houses, the academy buildings. Masonic Hall, and the following MANUFACTORIES AND BUSINESS HOUSES. Machine-shops: C. H. Weston, manufacturer of leather- working machinery, water-wheels, Weston's anti-friction screw baling-presses ; established in 1876, near the site of the old foundry and smelting-works established by John Powell in 1739. * This earthwork, crescent-shaped, and now on the extreme edge of the bluff, is still plainly defined. It is some SO feet between points, and 30 inches above the inclosed surface. It did good service at one time, rescuing a sloop belonging to Capt. Drinkwater, hy causing the captors to run it aground on Cousins' Island. Royal River Manufacturing Company, Freeman & Shaw : seamless bags, warp-yarn, and twine; established in 1869 by Barnabas Freeman, Esq. ; employs about 50 operatives, and makes about 1000 bags per day. Formerly F. O. and H. J. Libby's cotton-factory. Flouring- and Pla.ster-Mill, A. J. Loring: merchant and custom, six run of stones; established in 1803 at the upper falls, burned in 1870, and rebuilt on the site of the first mill, built by Capt. Walter Gendall, in 1681. Forest Paper Company : paper pulp ; established in 1870; conducted since 1877 by Wilfred Barnes, agent. Ship- Yards: Blanchard Bros., Union Wharf; Giles Lo- ring; Hutchings & Stubbs. IBoat-Building : W. C. & E. Seabury ; e.stablished 1849 Corn-Canning: J. Winslow Jones; established in 1870. Granite-Works: C. P. Jones & Taylor, 1879; estab- lished by Joseph W. Jones in 1855. Wagons and Carriages : P. L. Allen, established in 1864; W. Scott Brown, established in 1868; Wm. Lunt, established in 1855. Harness : George H. Jeiferds ; established by Benjamin Jefferds in 1837. Custom Shoes : H. D. Brackctt, Thaxter P. Gooding ; established in 1879, T. G. Cleaves. Coffins and Cabinet Work : Gad Hitchcock ; established in 1834. Printer : Lewis Gurney. Publication : Old Times, a historical magazine, quarterly, by Capt. Corliss, 8th U. S. Infantry ; established in 1876. Dealers in General Merchandise: James R. Hopkins, since 1879; Rogers & Co., established by Sumner Sea- bury in 1869 ; Wm. C. Sweetser, 1879, established by R. R. York, 1842 ; Richards & Corliss, established by Wm. Richards, 1876 ; Gooch Bros., established in 1866. Dry-Goods and Clothing: Wm. H. Marston, established 1863. Groceries: J. Parsons & Son, established in 1874; Wright Bros., established 1876 ; J. N. Merrill, established 1878. Drugs: M. C. Merrill, established in 1872 ; L. R. Cook, established in 1878. Jewelry: W. M. Walker, since 1876, establLshed by Elbridge Thoit, 1859 ; Artimus Felt, established in 1877. Tailors : Augustus D. Storer, established in 1859 ; Brad- bury True, established in 1856. Stoves and Tinware : J. V. R. Coombs, established 1854. Lumber Dealer : J. L. Craige. Paint-Shops: Henry B. Hitchcock, established in 1839; Gad Hitchcock, established in 1834 Coal: S. & L. F. Walker, established in 1873. Fancy Goods : Geo. H. Lovell, established in 1876. Saloon and Barber-Shop_: C. L. Blake. Hotel : Baker House, D. S. Moody. Coal : Lyman Walker & Son. Blacksmiths: Alexander Grover, L. Dennison. Mails are daily by railroad; postmistress, Lucy Groves. BUKYING-GROUNDS. The old Chapel Burying-place, laid out on the church common in 1727, was used also as a training-field. Here were erected the stocks and whipping-post, in obedience to CAIT. WILLIAM EUCKNAM was born at Norlli Yai'inoiitli, I\'c. '2'2, ISOli. lie was the oldest in a family of six cliiklrcn of Sainnel and Phcebe (Chandler) Bucknam. He spent his youth at sea with his father, and at an early age became master of a vessel, which j)osi- tion he filled for several years. Feb. 19, 1835, he was married to Mary, daiiij;h- ter of Edward and Elizabeth True, of Yarmouth. Of this union five children were Iwrii to them, as follows: Horace, born June 2, 1S3(J. Alvan F., born Nov. 27, 1837, who graduated at Bowdoin College iu 1860, and is now practicing medicine in Warren, 111. Lizzie T., born Aug. 3, 1840; died Nov. 10, 1858. William E., born Feb. 17, 1844. Mary Ellen, born I\Iarch 1, 1846. After jiis marriage ho purchased a farm in Yar- nioutli, upon whicii he resided till his death, wliicli occurred July 12, 1851. About twelve years pre- vious to his death he united with the Baptist Church of Y^armouth, and his subsequent life proved the sincerity of his faith, and adorned the profession he had made. In youth and early manhood he had gained many friends, and won the esteem of all by his qualities as a man and citizen. In his latter years, blessed with a conij)etence, enjoying the society of an aifectionate companion and interesting children, dwelling in the midst of a circle made up of belovctl ])arents, brothers, sisters, Christian and other friends, the ties which hound him to earth were numerous and strong; but I'ailii taught liiiii tiiat to die was gain, and sustains! l)y a cheerful hope in Christ he has gone to a blissful and eternal reward. TOWN OF YARMOUTH. 411 a law which, in this case, was unnecessary. Among the dim, dark, weather-beaten o)d slates marlcing the graves of the hardy pioneers no modern white stone has intruded. Here are the graves of Capt. James Parlcer, tlie 6rst to resettle upon the foreside, who died in " 1732^" (so reads the inscription) ; Ebenezer Eaton, Capt. Peter Weare, Capt. Stephen Larrabee, Ensign Benj. Ingersoll, and many whose names are connected with the early history of the town. The ground also contains eighteen unmarked graves. Two hundred yards to the west a larger and later ground, still unfilled, dates back to the death of John Powell and Jesse Soule, who died in 1742. Rev. Ammi R. Cutter, the first minister, died 1746, aged forty-four, aud Stephen Moulton, who died in 1769. An old burying-ground on Cousins' Island was enlarged in 1879. The Baptist church-yard, at the upper village, contains the early dead of the more northern part of the town, many of whom have unmarked graves, and date back to the last century. Near the town farm in the east a family ground contains early members of the Davis, Grant, and Lawrence families. RIVERSIDE CEMETERY, near the village, was purchased by the town in 1869, and tastefully laid out with granite borders and shrubbery. It contains many fine monuments. A beautiful pavilion over- looks the river, and near the entrance a monument " In Memory or our Fallen Comrades" commemorates the heroes of Yarmouth in the war of 18C1. PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. Among the places of interest are the old redoubt on Prince's Point, behind which the grass-covered lawn is suc- ceeded by a beautiful grove, the annual resort of Indians in early days. The high bank to the left of the redoubt is for many rods composed of shells intermixed with the soil, the accumulation of these annual feasts. To the right the falling banks occasionally disclose an Indian skeleton. The oldest house in the town stands just below the River- side Cemetery. It was built at the same time with the old church. It was into this house Deacon Mitchell rode to escape from his savage pursuers. An old house south of the road, near Prince's Point, long known as the " Granny Millet house," was built by Mr. Ring some years before the Revolution, and purcha.sed by Capt. Millett with prize- money obtained from privateering. The Corliss house, at the upper village, was built by Jotham Byrom, in 1776-77. The Gooding house, now owned by E. P. Gurney, is sup- posed to conceal within its modern finish the walls of one of the old garrison-houses from whence Capt. Geudall went forth to meet his death. LIST OF TOWN OFFICERS. The first regular election was held at the meeting-house of the First Parish, Aug. 20, 1849. Dr. E. Burbank was chosen moderator. Rev. David Shepley opened the meeting by prayer, and the following officers were elected : Dr. Sam- uel W. Blanchard, Town Clerk ; Edward H. Smith, Treas- urer ; Jeremiah Baker, J. G. Loring, David Seabury, Se- lectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of tlie Poor ; Rev. DuviiJ Shepley, S. W. Blanchard, A. W. Burbank, School Com- mittee ; James C. Hill, Town Agent; Jacob B. Lufkin, Collector; B. Freeman, Philip Young, Daniel L. Jlitchell, Police Officers ; Isaac G. Loring, Clerk of the Market ; Jos. Gooding, Edward Bachelder, Charles Moxey, Jos. Drenhabe, Thomas Pratt, William Roberts, Jos. G. Davis, Reuben Hayes, Edward Preble, Surveyors of Highways, Fence- Viewers, aud Hog- Reeves. selectmen. 1849-51. — Jeremiah Baker, Jacob G. Loring, David Seabury. 1852. — Capt. Thaxter Prince, Jeremiah Brown, John Young. 1853. — Jeremiah lialter, John Young, Samuel W. Blanchard. 1854.— John Young, S. W. Bhincharii, Daniel L. Mitchell. 1855. — Elbridge G. Wagg. James M. Buckuam, Thomai! Pratt. 1856-58.— Elbridge G. Wagg, James .M. Cueknam, Thos. J. Brown. 1859. — Sylvauus 0. Blanchard, Stephen Pratt, Nicholas Drinkwatcr. 1860. — Nathaniel Gooeh, Nicholas Drinkwater, Octavius A. Hill. 1861-6.S. — Nathaniel Gooch, Nicholas Drinkwater, Albion Seabury. 1864-65.— Perez N. Blanchard, Perez B. Loring, Elkanah II. Walker. 1866-68.— Perez N. Blanchard, Daniel L. Mitchell, Siimuel Baker. 1869.— Joseph R. Curtis, Daniel L. Mitchell, Jeremiah Buxton, Jr. 1870.— Joseph R. Curtis, Henry Hutchins, Henry C. Greenlcaf. 1871-73.— Perez N. Blanchard, Elbridge G. Wagg, James M. Buck- nam. 1874 75.— Perez N. Blanchard, Elbridge G. Wagg, Henry C. Green- leaf. 1876-79.— Perez N. Blanchard, Charles T. Grant, Edward J. Stubbs. TOWN CLERKS. Samuel W. Blanchard, 1849-54; A. II. Burbank, 1855: Samuel W. Burbank, 1856; Benj. Gooch, Jr., 1857-58; Rufus M. Thaxter, 1859; Charles Humphrey, 1860; Reuben Cutter, 1861-64; K. Harding, 1865-66; Elbridge Thoits, 1867-72; Richard Harding, 187.3-75 ; George E. Thoits, 1876-78; E. P. Gurney, 1S79. TREASURERS. Edward II. Smith, 1849-51 ; S. W. Blanchard, 1852; Jacob Loring, 1853; Capt. .Jacob 6. Loring, 1854-55; Ferdinand Ingraham, 1856-58; Reuben Cutter, 1859-63; Elbridge Thoits, 1864-65; Samuel Fogg, 1866-67; Charles Humphrey, 1868-79. COLLECTORS. Jacob B. Lufkin, 1849; Perez B. Loring, 1850-51; Giles Loring. 1852; Jonathan P. Rowe, 1853; Nathaniel Baker, 1854; Cushing Prince, 1855-56; eons, and eol., 1857; Charles Humphreys, 1858; George A. Humphrey, 1859-61; Benjamin R. Gooch, 1862; Daniel L. Mitchell, 1863-78; David M. Lawrence, 1879. CONSTABLES. 1849. — B. Freeman, Philip Y'oung, Daniel L. Mitchell. 1850. — Philip Toney, B. Freeman, Daniel L. Mitchell. 1851-53. — Ammi M. Loring, Perez B. Loring, George Lewis. 1854.— Charles Humphrey, Joel Brooks, Perez B. Loring. 1855.— George Lewis, Joel Brooks, Reuben Hayes. 1856. — George Lewis, Joel Brooks, Ammi M. Loring. 1857. Ammi M. Loring, Joel Brooks, Cushing Prince. 1858.— Ammi M. Loring, Joel Brooks, Charles Humphreys. 1859-61.— Ammi M. Loring, Robert E. Corliss, George A. Humphreys. 1862.— Ammi M. Loring, Robert E. CoHiss, Benjamin R. Gooeh. 1863.— George A. Humphrey, William T. Baker, J. O.Skillin, Daniel L. Mitchell. 1864.— George A. Humphrey, Ammi M. Loring, Robert E. Corliss, Daniel L. Mitchell. 1865-68.— Jopl Brooks, Ammi M. Loring, Robert E. Corliss, Daniel I,. Mitchell. 1869.— Joel Brooks, Robert E. Corliss, Daniel L. Mitobell. 1870-73,— Daniel L. Mitchell, Robert E. Corliss, Giles Loring. 1874.— Daniel L, Mitchell, Robert E. Corliss, Perez B. Loring. JS75-79.— Daijiel L. Jfitchcll, Robert E. CQr'iss, Charles T. Grant. 412 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. RELIGIOUS. CONGREQATIONALIST CHUUCH. The first minister of Yarmouth was Rev. Samuel Sea- bury, wlio preaelied from 1727 to November, 1729. The meeting-house was commenced in 1727, and accepted April, 1729. It was finished six years later, by a tax of .£312, by Richard Houghton, Joseph Jones, and John Owen, carpenters. This house, 40 by 50 feet in size, and 22 feet high at tlie caves, was strongly built of oak, with ceiled walls, plastered overhead, clapboarded outside, and sur- mounted by a steeple and copper vane. The entrance was by three doors, with " shells" over them. There were two seats apiece in the side galleries, and three in the front gal- lery, reached by two pairs of stairs. Twenty-four of the pews were drawn with the lands, and the rest went to the minister. Two seats were afterwards added, near the pulpit, for deaf people. In 17 62 forty feet were added to its length, a porch added, and the interior arrangements changed. Capt. John Young's house now occupies the site of the western end, while the stone step of the eastern en- trance remains in his garden, .surrounded by a cedar hedge. Messengers from the churches of Wells, Falmouth, Scar- borough, and Biddeford met at the meeting-house, Nov. 18, 1730, and the Church of North Yarmouth was there incor- porated, with Samuel Seabury, Jacob Slitchell, and Jede- diah Southworth, deacons; and Joseph Chandler, Ebene- zcr Eaton, Samuel Fisher, Samuel Tot man, and Benjamin Price, members. Rev. Ammi Rahamah Cutter became the first settled minister, Oct. 21, 1730, remaining five years, and receiving the ministerial lot, besides his salary of 120 ounces of silver a year, or its equivalent in bills of credit. He lived in a house ninety feet east of the meeting-house, built in 1734, of hewn timbers of hard wood, loop-holed, surrounded by a wall of hard timber ten feet high, sixty feet wide, and eighty feet long, with two watch-boxes for rifles on its walls, and called the Cutter fort. One hun- dred and ninety feet to the west was the Loring fort. Am- munition was stored in the loft of the meeting-house. The men came armed, and took seats at the outer end of their pews. During service armed sentinels were posted on the ledge, on Oilman Rock, and on the bluff to the northward. There was no bell. A bass-drum was beaten from the ledge every Sunday morning and noon. Fires were carried in foot-stoves in cold weather. The building was never warmed nor lighted. Rev. Mr. Cutter was dismissed Dec. 12, 1735, practiced medicine until 1742, and removed to Saco River. The parish was supplied by Rev. p]phraim Keith, of Bridgewater, until the settlement of Rev. Nich- olas Loring, Nov. 10, 1736. He remained until his death, July 13, 1763. Rev. Edward Brooks was ordained with great rejoicing, July 4, 1764, at an expense of $116 for the ordination dinner. He was succeeded by Rev. Tris- tram Oilman, who was pastor from his ordination in Novem- ber, 1769, until iiis death, in 1809. Rev. Francis Brown was ordained Januaiy, 1810, succeeded by Joseph Waite Curtis, ordained June, 1816, resigned in 1817; Rev. Samuel Woodbury, the last settled pastor, installed Nov. 5, 1817, died July 6, 1819. The church became divided over the erection of a new iiouse, and a new one was erected at the village. Rev. A.sa Cummings was ordained in the new house, in February, 1821, and remained pastor until 1824, when he became editor of the C/irisliun Mirror. Rev. Noah Cres.sy succeeded as pastor of the old meeting- house, where the old members continued to worship under the name of the Chapel Church, until the fall of 1829, when he left them. The members united with the village cliurch in 1833. The last great gathering in the old meet- ing-house was May 14, 1833, the anniversary of the first town election, when Gen. Edward Russell, one of the lead- ing citizens of the county, delivered an address to his towns- men. The building was torn down by the town authorities in 1836, and its timbers built into three ships, which were all lost at sea. The old vane, thirty feet in height, stands upon the granite ledge where Seth Mitchell beat the drum for meeting a hundred and fifty years ago. The succeeding ministers have been Revs. David Shepley, ordained April 18, 1849; Edward P. Allen, settled Feb- ruary, 1850; Rev. Charles A. Aikin, settled October, 1854 ; George A. Pinkham, 1860, discharged 1870 ; Leavitt Bart- lett, in,stalled 1871, discharged 1875; Joseph Torrey, in- stalled March, 1875. The deacons have been Samuel Seabury, appointed 1730, died 1763; Jacob Mitchell, appointed 1730, died 1744; Jedediah Southworth, appointed 1730, died 1741; Jonas Mason, appointed 1737, died 1801 ; Jacob Mitchell, ap- pointed 1745, died 1784; Jacob Mitchell, appointed 179(), died 1848; John White, appointed 1745, died 1747; John Lewis, appointed 1796, died lS(t3; Thomas Scales, ap- pointed 1770, died 1786; David Mitchell, appointed 1770, died 1796; John Southworth, appointed 1786, died 1814; Ammi R. Mitchell, appointed 1803, died 1824; John Hayes, 1803-4, died 1820; John Webster, appointed 1824, died 1838; Thomas Chase, appointed 1837; Allen H. Weld, removed 1846; Philip Greely was killed by In- dians Aug. 9, 1746, and Ebenezer Eaton was killed on the ledge near the old spire June 20, 1748, — both were mem- bers of this church. A new church was embodied under the name of the Cen- tral Congregational ist Church, at a meeting held by some of the members at the Academy Hall, April 4, 1859. Cush- ing Prince was chosen Moderator ; Barnabas Freeman, Scribe ; and Rev. Charles A. Aikin was invited to preach an organization sermon. The organization comprised 20 members ; a house of worship was immediately erected. Rev. John G. Butger was chosen pastor in 1860. Rev. J. J. Abbott, in September, 1865; Rev. R. W. Jenkins, 1876-78 ; Rev. F. W. Sanborn, settled 1878-79. Present membership, 60. OfiBcers: E. D. Freeman, Society {^Icrk ; Geo. Lovell, Treasurer ; Dr. J. M. Bates, Parish Treasurer. H.\PT1.ST CUIJKCH. Rev. Hezekiah Smith preached in Yarmouth, in 1780, on invitation of Capt. Davis, a coaster, who took him to his home on Davis' Island, and was baptized by him soon atlcr. Elder James Potter preached at the Falls in 1793, and bap- tized Jeremiah Stubbs, Mrs. Judith Winslow, John Drink- water, and Samuel York. A church was organized by Elder Thomas Green, who became the first pastor, at his house, Jan. 18, 1797. Sylvanus Soule was one of the first members. The church was incorporated in that year, and TOWN OF YARMOUTH. 413 became a part of the Bowdoin Association. Tiie meeting- house on tiie hill was erected in 1798-99. In 1799 mis- sionary work was commenced. Three missionaries have been sent out. of whom Miss Sarali Cumniings, the first, died in Burmah, Aug. 1, 1833. Rev. Sylvanus Boardman became the colleague of Mr. Green in 1810, and pastor in 1816. Rev. Otis Briggs was pastor, 1817-18; Rev. Stephen Ciiapin, 1819, leaving to become professor of theology in Waterville College in 1822; Rev. Alonzo King, 1826-29; John Butler, 1831-35 ; Zabdiel Bradford, ordained May, 1837, created an interest in 1841 which added to the num- bers of the church, and caused the house to be rebuilt. He was succeeded by Rev. Charles W. Reding in 1845 ; Wm. B.Jacobs, 1848; L. B. Allen, 1850; Wm. B. Hobden, 1857; Charles Foster, 1861 ; H. A. Hart, 18G5; N. Mel- cher, 1869 ; George B. Ilsley, present pastor, in July, 1873. The following-named have entered the ministry : Ben- jamin Titcomb, ordained May 31, 1800 ; Silas Stevens, ordained Oct. 22, 1805 ; Arthur Drinkwater, Oct. 6, 1813 ; Edward Warren, May 6, 1833; Zaham P. Byram, May 9, 1833 ; Samuel W. Field, Dec. 17, 1836 ; John C. Stock- bridge, March 21, 1841 ; Cyrus A. Craft, Jan. 16, 1845 ; Wm. H. Humphrey, July 2, 1851 ; Washington G. Hum- phrey, Sept. 1, 1855. Present membership, 169. John Cobb, Clerk ; Nathaniel Jordan, Wm. P. Flutcliinson, Deacons. A Universalist society was organized at the house of Amos Storer, May 24, 1834, and a chapel erected, through the efforts of Rev. Zenas Thompson. Allen Drinkwater was first clerk. James C. Hill, William Rose, and Robert E. Corliss, standing committee The subsequent ministers have been Revs. R. B. Tasker, George VV. Quinby, James Whittier, Henry R. Walworth, to 1848 ; Rev. Mr. Fletcher, 1871-74 ; Rev. J. Bradbury and Rev. George W. Hamil- ton since 1877. SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. In 1804 a daughter of William Martin, of Portland, taught the first high school. A fund of $1375 was raised in 1810, with which to erect an academy building. The chief contributors were Ammi R. Mitchell, Nathaniel Jenks, and Hannah and Edward Russell, who donated the land required. Rev. Francis Brown was first president of the board of trustees ; Edward Russell, secretary, and Na- thaniel Jenks, treasurer. A building was erected in 1811, and Rev. Daniel Meanbec Mitchell was engaged as first preceptor. An act of incorporation was passed Feb. 14, 1814. Haifa township of land was granted by the Legis- lature in 1825. An additional building was erected in 1841. A new academy building was erected in 1847. The principals have been Joseph Sherman, Samuel H. Shepley, Nathan Dole, Allan H. Weld, Daniel Lane, Samuel W. Blanchard, and George Woods. It is now conducted as a high school, and is under the management of the town. There were appropriated $1000 for this school, and §1500 for common schools, in 1879. Of the 618 school children, 405 are registered as attending school, the greater number during the summer. The school property in the nine districts is valued at $6000. ASSOCIATIOXS. M.\80N.S. Caseo Lodge, F. A. M., No. 36, was chartered Oct. 24, 1821. The first ofliccrs were George Pierce, W. M. ; Lebbeus Bailey, Jr., S. W. ; John W. Mellon, J. W. ; Nathan Oakes, Treas. ; Samuel Gilman, Sec. ; James C. Hill, S. D. ; Nathaniel True, J. D. ; John Worthley, Tyler; Amos Storer, Sr., Steward. Calvin Stockbridge, Hiram Hatch, William Hawes, and Robert E. Corliss were also charter members. Membership, 1870, 151. 33 mem- bers entered the army of 1861. Cumberland Royal Arch Chapter was organized at Yarmouth, Sept. 14, 1870, on application from 25 Master Masons. The first ofliccrs were James J. Humphrey, High Priest ; Henry C. Grcenleaf, King ; John P. Cars- well. Scribe ; Frederick E. Mitchell, Captain of Host ; Joseph Raynes, R. A. Cap. ; Ansel L. Loring, Treas. ; James M. Bates, Sec. A fine building and hall was erected by this chapter and Casco Lodge, and dedicated Jan. 28, 1873. The present officers are Lorenzo L. Shaw, H. P. ; Hermon Seabury, K. ; Thomas L. Curtis, Sc. ; John Smith, C. of H. ; Joseph Haynes, R. A. C. ; RicKard Harding, Tr. ; James M. Bates, Sec. YARMOUTH BRASS BAND was organized in 1.866 by six veteran musicians from the volunteer army, with Samuel Chadbourne leader, and E. A. Blanchard director. It still retains nine of its original members. E. Raynes is its leader ; E. A. Blanchard, director. PROFESSIONAL. PHYSICIANS. The physicians of the town have been Rev. Dr. Ammi R. Cutter, from 1735-42; Gilbert Winslow, 1743-79; John Bartlett, 1747-58 ; William Chase, 1760-98 ; Ed- ward Russell, 1765-85 ; David Jones, a surgeon of the Continental army, 1785-1800; Ammi R. Mitchell, 1725, to his death in 1824 ; Daniel Clark, 1810-21 ; Jacob Mitchell, to 1831; Gad Hitchcock, 1810-38; Wm. B. Gooch,to 1844; Elbridge Kimball, to 1845 ; Eleazer Bur- bank, 1837-67; Greenfield Thompson, 1843-79; Lewis Whitney, to 1857 ; James Bates, Wm. and Amos Osgood, Samuel W. Blanchard, to 1857; Augustus H. Burbank, 1847-79 ; W. W. Thomas, 1870-79 ; James Bates, James M. Bates. G. T. Merriman, dentist, 1877-79. LAWYERS. Hon. David Mitchell graduated at Harvard College iu 1751, and began to practice law in Yarmouth iu 1754. He was associate justice of Common Pleas from 1778 to 1786 ; member of the Ma,ssacliusett5 convention to ratify the Con- stitution of the United States, in 17S8 ; member of the first board of trustees of Bowdoin College; senator to Massachu- setts, 1791-95. Hedied in 1796, aged sixty-seven. Grenville Mellon was a prominent lawyer from 1815 to 1824. William Barrows was a leading member of the bar until his death, in 1821. Philip Eastman was a prominent citizen and lawyer for some years. Barnabas Freeman, graduate of Waterville College, admitted to the bar iu 1843, and has since prac- 414 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. ticod law in Frecport. E. Dudley Freeman, his son, grad- uated at Amherst College in 1875, and began practice in Freeport in 1879. Among the more proniinont men of Yarmouth have been John York ; Gen. Edward Russell ; Rev. Arami R. Cutter, the first cotton-spinner; Capt. Samuel Mason, Jr., first customs oflScer of Yarmouth, who served thirty-six years under George TIL, and was rccommissioned by Gen. Washington ; Silvanus C. Blanchard ; Nathaniel Gooch ; Dr. Ammi 11. Mitchell, senator to Massachusetts in 1808; Cornelius Soule, the first representative. BIOGARPHICAL SKKTCHES. DR. ELEAZER BURBANK was born in Scarborough, Sept. 17, 1793. The early part of his life was spent in labor which gave to him a vigorous constitution and habits of industry and economy. When he attained his majority, having determined to become a physician, he traveled on foot one hundred miles to Han- over, N. H., to avail himself of the best advantages of Dart- mouth College. Having completed his studies, he settled in Poland, Me., about the year 1818, where he practiced with much success. His circuit extended to many of the surrounding towns. On the death of Dr. Gad Hitchcock, in Yarmouth, Dr. Burbank was invited by a committee of the citizens, chosen to select a physician, to remove to that place. Thence he removed, in 1838, where he passed the last twenty-nine years of his life, having all the time a very large practice, extending to many of the adjoining towns. He had a high reputation as an intelligent, faithful, and successful physician, and was a man of sound judgment, clo.se observation, and patient investigation. In his practice, as well as on other .subjects, he did not form his opinions till he had carefully examined the facts. His reputation as a physician was founded on true merit, and not on any groundless pretension. He had a mind capable of applying judiciously what he read, and was possessed of strong com- luon sense. Seldom did consulting physicians have occa- sion to change his treatment. In his practice he was kind, having a tender regard for the sufferings of the afflicted. But it was not as a physician alone that he was known. As a man and a citizen he was engaged in many of the on- ward movements of the day. Although he did not have the advantages for study in his early life now enjoyed by the young, he had industry, energy, and patient thought, read carefully on the important subjects of the day ; and what he professed to know he knew thoroughly. He took an active and prominent part in town affairs, and was often called to preside at public town-meetings. In the educa- tional affairs of the town he took much interest. His firm- ness and dLcision of character fitted him to carry into execu- tion the plans he had formed, and this he did perseveringly. The Christian experience of Dr. Burbank began in Po- land, March tJ, 183(5, and the following year, November 18th, he was elected deacon of the church at that place. His membership in the Congregational Church of Yar- mouth commenced in 1810, and he held the oGSoe of deacon from 185G to the clo.se of his life. Two years of this time he was superintendent of the Sabbath-school. At the time of his death in 1867 he held .six di.stinct offices in the church. When convinced he was right, opposition from whatever source did not swerve him from the path of duty. His strong will enabled him to overcome great difficulties, and he often had occasion to test his decision. He was a Republican — intelligent and decided. In 1857- 58 he served in the State Senate with fidelity and honor. He united heartily with all the lovers of truth and free government to suppress treason and rebellion. He sought in all ways to strengthen the government, rejoicing in suc- cess, and sorrowing in our defeats. His success in life affords encouragement to young men who see difficulties before them. His industry and energy are worthy of imitation. He, under a kind Providence, made himself May the memory of what he accomplished under so many discouragements, through a long and suc- cessful life, incite others to industry, virtue, and piety, that they, too, may live in the hearts of the good, that their end may be peace and their memory blessed. AUGUSTUS HANNIBAL BURBANK, M.D., physician and surgeon of Yarmouth, and only son of Eleazer and Sophronia (Ricker) Burbank, was born Jan. 24, 1823, in Poland, Me. His boyhood was spent in Poland until the age of fifteen. He prepared for college at North Yar- mouth Academy, graduated at Bowdoin College in the year 1843, and received his medical degree at Harvard Col- lege in 1847. He immediately commenced the practice of medicine at Yarmouth, where he has since remained con- tinuously in the duties of his profession. Dr. Burbank is recognized by the fraternity as a safe counselor in complicated cases, ready in their diagnosis, .skillful in practice, and conversant with the latest and most successful treatment of all forms of diseases. His large experience and wide range of practice have made his name familiar in Cumberland County, and he enjoys the con- fidence and esteem of both rich and poor to whose necessi- ties he has administered. Notwithstanding the onerous duties of his profession, he has steadily advanced in the knowledge of the most modern medical literature, and ranks among the best-read of medical men. He has never been active in politics, or solicitous of political preferment. He was formerly a member of the Whig party, and is now a Republican. He has been twice married : first to Elizabeth R., daughter of Dr. Ellas and Lueretia P. Banks, of Portland, Nov. 25, 1850. Of this union was born one daughter, — Annie. His wife died Jan. 4, 1868. For his second wife he married Alice N., daughter of Greenfield and Nancy W. Thompson, of Yarmouth. The children of this marriage are Elizabeth R. (deceased), Hugh, Eleazer, and Marjorie. Dr. Burbank and his wife are members of the First Congregational Church of Yarmouth, and promoters of social, educational, and religious interests, and he has been for many years a deacon of the church. .„M = ]B;'ET]REiiiMjL ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN TUE WAR OF THE REBELLION FROM CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PORTLAND. FIKST MAIKE VOLrNIEEE INFANTRY. MuslelPll into the United States service for three months, noni May 23, 1861 ; discharged Aug. 5, 1861. Companies 1!, C, E, F,G, II, I, and K wore or- ganized as a portion of the 10th Infantry. COMPANV A. Sergeants, John M. Beal, Alex. Bell, Perez B. Burnham, Simeon Wiggins; cor- porals, Chas. A. Chellis, Chas. H. Scott, Jas. Berry, Berij. F. Withani ; musi- cian. Vim. H. Sewall ; privates, John R. Begg, Davis C. Bowker, John E. Barnard, John B. Bowie, John F. Copp, Benjamin F. Cusliman, Tliadde\is W. Colhroth, John Green, Rnfns W. Hyde, Wel.b Hall, ^'ile8 A. Hanson, Edward J. Hockley, Edward R. Lincoln, John H. Munsey, George H. McKenney, Angns McDonald, Chailes P. Norton, Charles 11. Newell, John B. Pike, Albert H. Purinton, Frank G. Rich, George H. Ross, Edward Roach, Albert W. Smith, Thomas W. Soule, George Strong, George W. Stockman, Daniel W. Slackpole, John B. Swett, Albert H. Swett, George R. W. Thaxter, Samuel 0. Waterholise, Edward P. Ayer, Oliver G. Whitten, Benjamin P. Whitten, Alvan S. Wilson. COMPANY B. Sergeants, Charles W. RiAerts, Alfred L. Turner, Woodbury S. Bonnell, Charles H. Libby ; corporals, Richard T. Beasley, Alfred D. F. Farley, Charles H. Colley, Jr., Chas. Cuebman ; musician, Samuel T. Dyer ; privates, Chas. F. Allen, G. L. Amsbey, Chas. R. Berry, Aug. Bowie, Cyrus W. Buck, Daniel H. Brown, Charles H. ('ushman, Franklin S. Cummings, Chas. H. CoUey, Reuol D. Chase, Marcus Delano, Samuel P. Folsom, William H. Folsom, William H. Fagan, Charles H. Frost, Joseph M.Green, John G. Glen- dening, Edward W. GralTam, Charles T. Hurd, Benjamin G. Hoyt, Dana Hall, Moses S. Hodsdon, David N. Hall, Charles D. Jones, Waltei' Johnson, George D.Jost, Simeon Knight, Thomas Kelly, John S. Libby, George W. Lemont, Edward W. Loveitt, Daniel E. Mountfoi t, James G. Marshall, George T. Mahan, Alfred L. Moses, Rufus W. Noble, James N. Newall, Stephen Noyes, Jr., John P. Peterson, Daniel M. Pole, Charles H. Paine, Ch.irlesO. Quiuiby, Lincoln Robie, David H. Uines, Francis Seed, John Searle, J.jhu F. Totman, George H. Thurston, Jolin Trowbridge, Charles J. Trowbridge, Benjamin F. Verrill, Richard Wescott, John C. Willey, Cyrus T. Waterhouse. COMPANY C. Sergeants, Edward N. Greely, George W. GrafTam, Daniel C. Clark, James M. Saiford ; corporals, Charles E. Jordan, Henry A. Burnham, Simeon H. Merrill, Charles E. Howard; musician, David Jones; privates, Osboru B. Berry, John Burns, Edward W. Bonney, Edwin Bicknell, Henry R. Colesworlhy, Thomas Curran, Edward J. Dolan, John M. Dodge, Wm. 0. Fuy, James M. C. Furbish. John M. Gould, Rensselaer Greely (2d), Al- berton P. Haines, John B. Hudson, Jr., George H. Hurd, Charles B. Haniilton, William P. Hamilton, John H. Hatch, George S. Holt, Edward J. Hiller, Ehen. Hilton, Charles P. Kennard, Charles T. Knowlton, Chas. 0. Lamson, James W. Leslie, Edward R. Lincoln, Edward K. More, Thomas Monroe, James P. Miller, Joseph N. Mills, Ehen M. Mitchell, James E. Mitchell, George McGinlcy, Henry A. Plummer, Levi M. Prince, William H. Reed, Marshall H. Rich, Frank A. Smith, Henry M. Smith, Peter W. Stoneham, John A. Sargent, George W. Sawyer, James Smith, Frederick H. Thompson, George F. Trask, Robert M. Weeks, J. Henry Whittier, Archibald Wilson. COMPANY D. Capt. Charles H. Meserve. Sergeants, William W. Davis, Charles II. Bradford, Augustus Fo.ic, Otis O. Newhall ; corporals, George C. Ham, Thomas H. Poor, Jacob F. Knight, Francis E. Emery; musicians, Albert P. Ward, Frank U. Butler; pri- vates, Henry 0. Bradish, Richard Birchill, John H. Blake, William Brine, George E. Conley, George H. Cammett, John Conway, Benjamin F. Cobb, John Campbell, Robert Curran, John W. C. Downs, John 11. Doody, Dustin Damreri, Leonard Eustice, Frank F. Enstice, George For- saith, Jutham Grant, Watson B. Gribbin, Robert M. Hunt, Sylvanus Harmon, William L. Ham, .lohn H. Hart, Robert Hamilton, George H- Jewett, Frank Lee, Cliarle.s LiUb field, Alfred S. Moore, Pntiirk Mc- Dermott, Patrick Maloney, John E. Mountfort, Timothy McCarthy, Andrew D. Newbold, Abrani Newconib, Henry N. Phelps, Thomas C. Hidden, Charles Sawyer, Charles J. H. Smith, George W.Smellage, David Weslcott, Hiram Winslow, Samuel A. Walker. COMPANY E. Sergeants, Cyrus Latham, Sylvester C. Moody, William R.dfe, Herbert R. Sar- gent ; corporals, Joseph Thompson, Jr., Hiiani T.Cook, William L.L.Gill, James S. Roberts; musicians, Charles T. Morse, Turner Cary ; piivales, J'n-e B. Allen, Orrin Bent, Flavins O. B.'al, Alonzo G. B-nney, Charlea W. M. Bragdon, Charles H. Blake, George A. Card, George Chnmberliii, Andrew C. Cloudmau, Charles Coollrolh, George W. Collin, Cornelius B. Coe, Joseph C. Colesworthy, Jesse H. Cruwell, Samuel C. Davis, John H. Dennison, Martin T. Dunn, William Fr.i7.er, Edmund D. Field, William C. Googins, Charles B. Green, William S. Haskell, George W, Jones, Frederick M. Knight. Theodore H.Lombard, Samuel B. Libby, Joseph F. Mackin, William S. McChauning, Joseph H. Perley, Benjamin C. Pennell, Alonzo H.Quimby, John F. Randall, John H. Hitter, Charles H. Rounds, Henry T. Simpson, Chailes D. Skillin, George A. Soule, Har- rison W. Smith, Henry F. Smith, George A. Smith, William E. St. John, Lewis L. Thurston, Edwin L. B. Thompson, Samuel Townley, Charlis S. Trowbridge, Clifford S, Trefethen, Daniel Willard. COMPANY I. Sergeant, John T. Simpson; privates, Hezekiah Atwood, John C. Bakeman, James M. Clapp, Frank A. Calkins, Peter Clusky, Daniel Delaud, Jr., Charles T. Dunn, Alonzo Davis, Samuel H. Foster, Leonard F. Gill, David H. Leighton, William H. Murphy, Nathaniel D. Ripley, Albert B. Richardson, Charles I. Stanford, Albion Sawyer, Stephen Torhune, William Welch. SECOND INFANTRY. must. July 10, 1801 ; disch. for disability, JIarcli 19, > Vols. May 20, Austin, Samuel, Co. lSG:i. Hickey, James, Co. A; must. July 12, 1801 ; trans, to 20th Mali 1863. Brown, George R., Co. B; must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 20, 1861. Damrell, John, Co. B ; must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 11, 1861. O'Neill, Andrew, Co. B ; must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, to 20lh Maine Vols. Swellage, Augustus, Co. B; must. Aug. 31, 1861. ConnoUey, John, Co. D; must. May 28, 1801; disch. for disability, Feb. 18, 1863. McCullara, James, Co. E; must. July 1, 1861; disch. Oct. 13, 1861. Smart, Benjamin F., Co. G; must. May 28, 1661; pro. to Istsorgt.; killed «t Hanover Court- House, Va. Chase, George B., Co. C; must. Aug. 25, 1862; disch. for disability, Feb. 15, 1863. O'Connell, John, Co. I ; must. July 5, 1861 ; pro. to corp, ; disch. Oct. 3, 1861. Walsh, William, Co. I ; must. July 6, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 14, 1861. Carlin, Patrick, Co. I ; must. July 5, 1801 ; dropped from rolls, Oct. 3, 1861. Kenney, Michael, Co. I ; must. July 3, 1861 ; dri.pped from rolls, Oct. 3, 1861. Murray, John, Co. I; must. July 5, 1861 ; tri Leavitt, Burnett, Co. I; must. July 1, 1861. Farrell, Charles, Co. I ; must. July 10, 1801 ; ' discharged. Stokes, Thomas, Co. I; must. July 16, 1861 ; pris. at Gaines" Mill; exchanged . trans, to 20th Maine Vol. Inf. Murphy, Jerc., Co. I ; must. July 10, 1861 ; pris. at Gaines" Mill ; eiclmngod j trans, to 20th Maine Vol. Inf. Collins, John, Co. I: must. July 16, 1861 ; dropped from rolls, Oct 3, 1861. Dougherty, William, Co. I ; must. July 10, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Jan. 1 , 1863. Deehan, Michael, Co. I ; must. July 16, 1801 ; woundi-l at Gaines' Mill ; trains. to 20th Maine Vols. Kearse, Michael, Co. I; must. May 28,1861 ; wounded nt Manassas; disch. June 4, 186:1. Sullivan, Jerry, Co. I; must. July 1, 1801; trans, to Co. H; disch. Jun^i i, 1863. Hogan, Michael, Co. I ; must. May 28, 1861 ; disch. Jun Smith, Samuel B., Co. H ; must. Nov. 26, 1801 ; died. 415 . to 20tli Maine Vol. Inf. ided at Hanover Court-House ; . 1863. 416 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. THIRD INFANTRY. Lewis, William, Co. A; must. Aug. 12, 180:i ; sicli in hospital; tr.iiiB. to Hth MllillO ItL-gt. Dolnii, Patrick, Co. B; must. Aug. 19, 1863; tmns. to ITtli Maine Kcgt. llcadley, Charles, Co. C; must. Sept. 29, 18G3; trans, to 17th Maitie llegt. Cooh'y, Daniel, Co. C; must. Aug. 20, 18G:i; missing in action. Chaae, Franklin, Co. C ; must. Aug. 21, 1863; trans, to 17tli Maine Regt. Dunlap, Saaiui'l, Co. 0; must. Aug. 21, 180:i ; tians. to 17lh Maine Kcgt. Davis, David, Co. C ; must. July 23, 180 1 ; missing in aclioTi. Greeser, George, Co. C; must. Sept 21, 1803; trans, to 17th Maine KeRt. Grant, Daniel W., Co. C; uinst. Sept. 26, 1863; trans, to 17lh Maine Ui-gt. Knights, Daniel, Co. C; must. Aug, 18, 1803; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Langilon, James Co. C; must. Aug. 20, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. TIninias, Benjamin, Co. C; must. Sept. 30, 180.t; trans, to 17 Ih Maine Regt. Welch, Tlionias W., Co. C; must. Aug. 2i, ISU.i; trans, to Navy, April 14, 1804. CONSCRIPTS. Galvin, William, Co. D; must. Aug. 18,1862; trans, to 17tli Maine Uegt, Lyons, Patrick, Co D; U'ust. Aug. 20, 1803; trans, lo 17th Maijce Regt. I.efly, John, Co. D; uiu.st. Oct. a, 1803 ; trans, lo 17th JIaine Regt. Miller, William B , Co. D; ni|l>t. Oct. 6, 1863; tians. tol7lh Maine Regt. Perkins, Thomas li , Co. D; mnsi Sept. 30, 1863; trans, to I'th Maine Regt. Shelian, William, Co. D; must. Oct. 0, 1803; missing. York, George W., Co. D; must. Oct. .'i, 1803; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Brown, John It., Co. E; must. Aug. 2ii, 1861; di~cli. Apr.l U, 1861. Cooper, John, Co. F; must. Aug. 21, 1863. Davis, Charles, Co. F; must. Aug. 26, 1803. Forest, Edwin, Co. F; mn^t. Aug. 24, 1861; distil, for di*aW:ity, Aug. 24, 1863. Farrell, William, Co. F; must. Aug. 24, 1863. Hare is, diaries S., Co. F; must. Aug. 25, 1863. Kane, Henry, Co. F; must. Aug. 25, 1863. Allerton, Frederick, Co. G; must. Oct. 2, 1863; trans, to I7th Maine Regt. Carey, Shephard, Co. G; must. Oct. 2, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Ccdeman, George, Co. G; must. Sept. 28, 1863; trans, to 17tli Maine Kegt. 1> .navin, John, Co. G; must. Oct. 1, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. lliggius, Charles S., Co. G; must. Ang. 24, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Hatch, Joshua, Co. G ; must. Aug. 2'J, 1863. Ilutchins, Jonathan, Jr., Co. G; must. Aug. 21, 1803; trans, to 17th Maine • Kegt. Austin, Samuel, Co. II; must. Sept. 23, 1803; trans, to Ist Rhode Island Art,, Oct. 21, 1803. Foster, Charles, Co. H; must. Aug. 26, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Jewett, Elbridge, Co. H ; must. Aug. 7, 1863 ; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Primrose, John, Co. H ; must, Aug 21, 1863 ; trans, to 17tll Maine Regt. Towle, Christanline, Co. II ; must. Sept. 19, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt. Patten, Thomas, (Jo. I; must. Aug. 20, 1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt, Kane, Jcphn, Co. K ; must, Aug, 24, 1863 ; trans, to 17lh Maine Regt, Towiisend, L.vsander 1',, Co, K; must, July 14,1803; trans, to 1711i Maine Regt. FOURTH INFANTRY. Brown, William, Co. A ; must. Sept. 1, 1863 ; trans, to gunlcoal, April 1.3, 1864. Baker, George, Co. A ; must. Sept. 1, 1862; trans, to 19th Maine Regt. Clark, A. J., Co. A; must. Sept. 1, 1862; trans, to 19lli Maine Regt. Callaghan, John, Co. A ; must. Sejit. 1, 1862 ; trans, to 19th Maine Begt. Carroll, William, Co. A ; must. Sejit. 2, 1862. Clark, John, Co. A ; must. Sept. 1, 1862 ; trans, lo 19th Maine Regt. Daily, James, Co. A ; must. Sept. 1, 1862 ; trans, to 19th Maiue Regt. Pratt, Joseph R,, Oo. B; must. June 15, 1801. Wakely, Thomas C, Co. C; must. June 15, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 14, 1803. Murphy, Alvin, Co. C; must. Aug. 2, 1803, trans, to 19lh Maine Regt. O'Neal, Patrick, Co. D ; must. Sept. 2, 1863. Pierce, James, Co. D ; must. Sept. 1, 1803; trans, to 19th Maiue Regt. Kuss, John F., must. Sept. 2, 1863; trans, to 19lh Maine Begt. Burton, George, Co. F; must. Aug. 22, 1803. Marston, George 0., Co. F.; must. Aug. 29, 1803; trans, to 19tli Maine Regt. Wheaton, Luther, Co. F: must. Sept. 2, 1863; trans, to 19lh Maine Uegt. Dolau, Andrew J., Co. G ; must. Aug. 2", 1863. Dunleavy, Eugene, Co. G; must. Aug. 28, 1863. Davis, Henry C , Co. G ; must. Aug. 24, 1863; trans, to 19th Maine Rc.gt. Gil.son, William, Co, G; must. Aug. 27, 186,3. Neal, Hiram J,, Co. G ; must. Aug. 31, 1803. Patterson, Henry W., Co. G ; must, Aug. 27, 1803. Reed, Patrick, Co. G; must. Aug. 28, 1803. Sylvester, William S., Co. K ; must. Dec. 30, 1863 ; trans, to 19lh Maine Regt. Olanay, Matthew, Co. H ; must. Aug. 28, 1863. Harold, William, Co. H; must. Aug. 21, 1863. Henderson, William, Co. H ; must. Aug, 27, 1863, King, Kdward, Co. U ; must. Ang. 27, 1803. Wight, John D., Co. K ; drafted ; must. Ang, 14, 1803 ; trans, to Navy, April 20, 1804. Winslow, Vernon F,, must. Jan. 4, 1804; trans, to 19th Maine Regt. FIFTH INFANTRY. The regimental l.aud was must.-r.-d into service June 24, 1861, and Mas dis- charged, under act of Congress, Aug, 7, 1802; Jonathan Cole, leader; Edward M. Cohb, James A. Leavilt, Edward M. Gammon, Charles IJ, Barrett, Charles G. Young (died July 20, 1801). Curran, Patrick, Co. A; must. Dec. 18, 1801; disch. for disability, April 1,1862. Downes, George, Co. A ; must. Dec. 23, 1861 ; dropped from the rolls per Order No. 162, Dec, 12, 1862. Gleason, Patrick, Co. A ; must. Jan. 18, 1862; detached at Washington, 1863. Venson, Levi, Co. A ; must. Jan. 22, 1862 ; trans, to 2d U. S. Art. in 1803. Will.er, Rufus A, Co. A; must. Jan. 3, 1862; disch. June 11, 1862. Johnson, Charles W., Co. A ; must. Nov. 22, 1861 ; re-eul. ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans, Lowell, Alfced 0., Co. A ; must. June 24, 1801 ; disch. July 27, 1804. Brady, Josiah R,, Co. A; must. Sept. 20, 1862; pro. to lieut, ; dirccb. Feb. 14, 1862. Brown, George, Jr., Co. A ; must Dec. 9, 1801; disch. for disability, March 4, 1862. Coombs, Charles H., Co. B; must. Oct. 2, 1801 ; enl. as bospiul steward in the U. S. Army ; disch. July 27, 1864. Crowley, John A., Co. B; must. Nov. 29, 1801; disch. for disability. May 19, 1802. Day, James A,, Co. B; must. Nov. 15, 1861; wounded May 7, 1862; discharged. Knight, Henry, Co. B; must. .Ian. 1, 1862; disch. by Order No. 162. Stevens, William E., Co. B ; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. E. Hughes, -Martin L., Co. C; must. July 15, 1861; pro. to Bergt.; wounded 3Iay 10, 1864; disch. July 27, 1864. Alexander, W. II., Co. C; must. June 24, 1861 ; detached lo gunboat. Berry, David, Co. C ; must. July 5, 1861 ; disch. by General Order No. 162. Kelly, James, Co. C ; must. June 24, 1801 ; disch. from wounds reccdved Nov. 13, 1802. Waterhouse, Charles A., Co. C; must, from Co. G, and pro. to 1st lieut. Greonier, J. Augustine, Co. C; must, from Co. I, and pro. to 2d lieut. Davis, Jacob, Co, D; must, June 24, 1801, Aspeal, Thomas, Co. D ; must June 24, 1861 ; trans, to Invalid Corps. Godfrey, James, Co. D ; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1864. Stowell, George H., Co. D ; must. June 24, 1861 ; detached at hospital. COMPANY F. Mustered in June 24, 1861. Thomas F.. Winslow, corp , died July 7, 1S62. James Ryan, Corp., disch. Nov. 7, 1861. Marstin, L. Cobb, disch. Nov. 7, 1861. F. C. Kimball, musician; trans, to reg'l band, June 24, 1861 ; returned to com- pany in 1863 ; disch. July 27, 1804. Adams, Eben, died Nov. 11, 1802. Boolhby, Isaac T,, disch. Oct. 22, 1802. Brennan, Timothy. Br.iden, John, missing in action, May 10, 1864. Constable, William, discharged. Cannon, Patrick, taken prisoner. May 3, 1862. Clancey, James, disch. for disability, March 5, 1862. Dow, Henry A., disch. July 30, 1861. Eccrly, Cornelius, killed June 26, 1861. Greene, Andrew J., disch. Oct. 3, 1861. Higgins, Lawrence. Hayes, William, pro. to corp.; reduced; wounded at Rappahannock Station, Va.; disch. July 27, 1864. Kelley, John, trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Kelley, Peter, disch. July 27, 1864. Kelley, Timothy, trans, to Co. G. Kerrigan, John, must. Sept. 9, 1862; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. Kelly, Robert, pro. to corp. ; died of wounds, Nov. 8, 1863. Logan, John, taken prisoner July 21 ; clisch. Sept. 2, 1862. McKenney, Orrin, missing in battle, May 10, 1804. McPhilliney. James, killed May 3, 1803. McMilty, Patrick, trans, to Invalid Corps, Jan. 21, 1804. Morse, Lorenzo D , killed May 3, 1803. Morris, John, must. Dec. 11, 1801 ; died from wounds, June 7, 1863. Manley, .Tolin L.,must. March 6, 1802; wounded May 3, 1863; trans, to Invalid Corps, Jan. 15, 1864. McCullom, George, must. Sept. 9, 1862; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. McEiinany, Michael, must. Dec. 28, 1801 ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. McKay, Cornelius, must. Sept. 9, 1862; disch, for disability, Dec. 29, 1863. Morgan, Theophilus, must. Sept. 9, 1802; trans, to Navy, April 7, 1804. Morris, OttJi, must. Sept. 9, 1802; tmns. to 1st Maine Vetencns. Nelson, Frederick, must. Dec. 11, 1801 ; trans, to Navy, April 7, 1864. Norton, Benjamin A., pro. to corp., to sergt, ; died from wounds received at Rappahannock Station, Va. O'Connell, Michael, must. Sept. 9, 1802. Roger, Joseph F,, must. Dec. 2;l, 1801 ; pro. to corp, ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 27, 1803. Thompson, Joseph W., must. Sept. 9, 1802; disch. for disability, April 14, 1863. Turner, Edward, must. June 24, 1861 ; taken prisoner. May 3, 1862; paroled ; re-enl.; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. I'icradiso, .loseph C, must. July 10, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; clerk at headquarters ; died of wounds received July 3, 1864. Godfrey, John, must. July 16, 1861 ; wounded Sept. 14, 1862, and May 3, 1863 ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Pettis, Chailes, disch. Feb. 20, 1862. KOSTKR OF SOLDIERS. 417 Patrick, George W., re-enl.; trans to 1st Maine Veterans. Pollys, John, talien prisoner, July 21, 1861 ; paroled ; never reported. Tieliog, Cliarles, pro. to Corp. ; wounded May 3, 18G;J. Timniotiey, Jolin, discli. July 27, 1804. Toby, William, wounded May .i, 180:1 ; discli. July 27, 1864. Woodsiini, Ezra B., disch. Feb. 20, 1802. Fitzsimmons, James, wounded May 10; disch. July 27, 1864. CuKhman, Cornelius, re-enl.; trans, to Ist Maine Veteraris. McDonald, John, wounded May 10; disch. July 27, 1804. McGoveran, Thomas, pro. to Corp.; killed in battle, May 3, 1801. Smith, James, wounded May 3, 186:i ; trans, to Invalid Corps. Pride, Orlando S., must. July 16, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 8. McGuire, James, must. July 16, 1801 ; disch. March 10, 1862. Murphy, Michael J., must. July 16,1861 ; wounded at Gaines' Mills ; pro. to Corp. ; pro. to sergt. ; killed at Rappahannock Station, Va. Pearsons, Charles H., must. July 16, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Nov. 16 ; detached on gunboat, 1862. Driscoll, Daniel, must. Dec. 20,1862; dropped by General Order No. 162; re- stored in 1863. Gormley, Blichael, must. Sept. 9, 1862; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. COMPANY G. Mustered in June 23, 1861. Charles A. Waterhouse, sergt., pro. to 2d lieut. Frank G. P.itterson, sergt., pro. to 1st sergt. July, 1862; to 2d lieut. April, 1803. Robert J. McPlierson, Corp., pro. to 1st lieut. Aug. 26. Alfred H, Whilmore, Corp., disch. Sept. 12, 1861. Daniel W. Mason, musician, dropped from rolls under Order No. 162. Stephen C. Stanford, wagoner, dropped from rolls under Order No. 162. Adams, William J. Allen, George M., disch. for disability, March 5, 1862. Cox, FraTicis P., dropped from the rolls (Order No. 162). Culburn, William H., disch. Sept. 16, 1862. Colley, James A., wounded at Cranipton Gap; disch. April 5, 1863. Covell, Edgar C, taken prisoner July 21, 1801 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, 186:1. Devine, George, wounded at Crampton Gap; taken pris. May 3, 1863; paroled. Donevan, Dennis. Drinkwater, Philip F., disch. July 27, 1864. Dudley, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. Fisher, Nehemiah W., dropped under Order No. 162, Nov. 19, 1862. Gilman, Charles H., disch. Dec. 18, 1861. Ilager, Martin 0., captured on picket, Sept. 8, 1861. Ham, John II., re-enlisted; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Hooper, Franklin, disch. Sept. 8, 1861. Hickock, William W., pro. to Corp.; dropped under Order No. 162. Hitler, James R., disch. Oct. 1, 1861. Irwin, William. Jewell, David. Jordan, Charles W., discli. July 27, 1864. Kennedy, Edward J. Killen, James, dropped by Oi'der No. 162. Latham, Cliarles V., died in hospital, Feb. 15, 1863. Leavitt, Joseph, re-enlisted ; trans, to l8t Maine Veterans. Morse, Alpheus, wounded at West Point, Va.; died May 8, 1862. McAuow, Hugh, dropped by Order No. 162. Reardon, Michael. Reed, William, must Dec. 2, 1801 ; detached to gunboat ; trans. Feb. 14, 1862. Richardson, William, captured on picket at Bull Run ; died Nov. 5, 1862. Shaw, John M., disch. Sept. a, 1861 ; re-enl. Nov. 9, 1802 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Feb. 24, 1864. Townsend, Lysander P., disch. May 15, 1802. Webster, CharlesT., clerk atdivision headquarters; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Welch, William A. S., wounded and captured at Gaines' Mills; exchanged; disch. July 27, 1864. Clark, Edward L., prisoner; paroled 1862; exchanged; disch. July 27, 1804. Harris, Alburn P., pro. to 1st lieut. October 10. Clark, Daniel C, must. Doc. 7, 1861; pro. to lieut. Danlorth, Lorestin, must. Dec. 21, 1861 ; appointed wagoner 1863 ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Dolan, Edward J., mustered Sept. 24, 1862 ; wounded at Crampton Gap ; pro. to Corp.; re-enlisted; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Reed, James O , must. Dec. 2, 1861 ; dropped per General Order 162. Reed, William, must. Dec. 2, 1861 ; trans, to gunboat, 1863. Sawyer, Franklin, must. Oct. 22, 1862; trans, to gunboat. Titcomb, Isaac N., must. Jan. 24, 1862; dropped per Gen. Ord. 162, Feb. 2, 1863. Wilson, Archibald, must. Sept. 24, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; wounded at Crampton Gap; pro. to 1st sergt. Kelley, Timothy, ti-ans. from Co F, 186:1; wounded May 10, 1864; disch. July 27,1864; re-enlisted; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. COMPANY H. Mustered in June 24, 1861. George E. Brown, sergt., pro. to capt. Oct. 3, 1861. Richard E. Shannon, sergt., pro. to 1st lieut. Oct. 3, 1861. Alonzo P. Stinson, sergt., killed at Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Crawford Dunn, Corp., lost an arm at Bull Run ; disch. Nov. 14, 1861. James Crowley, Corp., pro. to aergt. Oct. 3 ; discli. June 21, 1862, 53 James G. Sanborn, Corp., pro. to sergt.; disch. July 27, 1804. George H. B. Howe, Corp., reduced Oct. 3 ; disch. March 12, 1862. David Mayberry, wagoner, disch. Sept. 4, 1861. Bluetteld, Simon, disch. Oct. 1, 1804. Ooulin, James, wounded in battle at Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. Eastman, J. W., pro. to corp.; disch. for disability, Jan. 3, 1863. Freeman, Edward, discli. Oct. 1, 1801. Hannaford, Joseph S., disch. Oct. 1, 1861. Koran, Peter, captured at Bull Bun; disch. Ailg.G, 1862. Horach, A. B., disch. Feb. 9, 1803. Kelley, John, captured Nov, 3, 1861. Lawrence, Thomas E., pro. to corp. Oct. 3 ; to sergt. Oct. 1, 1852 ; killed «t Spott- sylvania, May 10, 1864. Mulloy, Daniel, disch. May 30, 1802. Newell, Lindall It., wounded at Spottsylvania; disch. July 27, 1864. PrideliHin, James H., re-enlisted; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Pettengill, Onin F., dropped by Order No.' 102; disch. May 5, 1802. Sastroir, Charles H., disch. for disability. Sturgiss, George B., disch. July 27, 1864. Tappan, George W , pro. to corp. Oct. 3; disch. July 27, 1864. Tracy, William, wounded June 27 ; disch. July 27, 1804. Tyler, Jacob E., wounded at Antietam; disch. Oct. 20, 1862. White, Henry W., prisoner at Bull Run; exchanged. Woodbury, Edward H. Brennan, Martin, must. July 21, 1861; taken prisoner Nov. 12; missing in ac- tion. May 3, 1803. Skillings, Otis H , must. July 21. 1801; disch. July 27, 1864. Moody, Charles F., bugler, must. Dec. 17, 1861; re-enl. Jan. 3, 1861; trans, to 1st Maine Voleians. Winch, Benjamin M., must. Dec. 17 1861 ; disch. May 25, 1862. Ryan, William H., must. July 24, 1801 ; disch. for disability. April 19, 1862. Wilder, Samuel, must. Nov. 21, 1862; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. COMPANY I. Mustered in June 24, 1861. Augustus J. Grenier,corp., must. June 24, 1801 ; pro. to sergt., to 1st lieut. in 1862. Smith, John H. F., must. June 24, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 27, 1801. Towle, Levi N., must. June 24, 1801; taken prisoner July 21, 1861. FoUey, Patrick, must. Dec. lo, 1802; re-enl. in United States Navy, 1864. Farren, Patrick, must. Jan. 10, 1863; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Lemont, Daniel, must. Dec. 25, 1802 ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Smith, John, must. Dec. 15, 1802 ; disch. for disability, 1803. SIXTH INFANTEY. Frank Exhorn, regimental band; must. July I."i, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 9, 1862. George Welden. regimental band ; must. Oct 24, 1801 ; must, out Aug. 9, 1862. Downing, Amos, Co F; must. July 15, 1801 ; disch. for disability, June 30, 1802. Kelly, William, Co. F ; must. July 15, 1861. King, Richard, Co. F; must. July 15, 1861; disch. for disability, Oct. 6, 1802. O'Keefe, Dennis, Co F; must. July 15, 1861; died at Philadelphia, Jan. 22, 1863. Quinn, Thomas, Co. F ; must. July 15, 1861 ; disch. in hospital, July 20, 1863. Sweeney, John, Co. F; must. July 15,1861 ; missing in battle at Spottsylvania. Bailey, Robert, wagoner, Co. G; must. July 15, 1861 ; disch. .\ug. 15, 1864. Kingsley, Paul, Co. G ; must. July 1.5, 1801 ; disch. Jan. 14, 1S64. Lobden, Theodore, Co G ; must. July 15, 1861 ; died Sept. 12, 1861. O'Hare, Michael, Co. O; must July 15, 1861. Bobinette, Joseph, Co. G; must. J^ly 15, 1861; pro. to Corp. 1863; disch. Aug, 15, 1804. Wheeler, Patrick, Co. G; must. July 15, 1801; re-enlisted; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Whalen, John T., Co. G. ; must. July 15, 1861 ; re-enlisted ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. SEVENTH INFANTBY. COMPANY B. Flisman, Samuel, must. Dec. 4, 1862. Givens, Thomas, must. Oct. 20, 1862 ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Jackson, Robert, must. Oct. 20, 1802; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Thompson, Abraham, must. Dec. 2.3, 1862; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. COMPANY C. Cole, Richard, must. Oct. 29, 1862; trans, to U. S. Army, Jan. 27, 1S63. Hart, John W., must. Dec. 9, 1862; trans, to U. S. Army, Jan. 27, 1803. COMPANY D. Mustered iu Aug. 21, 1861. Ayer, Caleb R., must. Sept. 7, 1801 ; pro. sergt. ; disch. Oct. 22, 1862. Edgerly, John M., must. Dec. 20, 1801; died at Alexandria, Va. Fox, Thomas, must. Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. Dec. 31, 1861. McNeills, Thomas, must. Aug. 22, 1801 ; died at Alexandria, Va., March 28, 1802. Montee, Charles, must. Aug. 22, 1801 ; disch. at Camp Griffin, Dec. 31, 1861. Norton, Joseph, Jr., wagoner, must. Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. for disability, July 23, 1863. Smith, James, must. Aug. 22, 1861; pro. sergt. for good conduct at Antietam; trans, to U. S. Army, Jan. 26, 1863. 418 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Bacon, William, trans, from Co. F; taken prisoner iit Frfiifriclvsbiirg, Va.; oxcliangi'd ; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Berry, Kiclinn), trans, from Co. F; woumled at Yorlitown. Brown, Clinrli's, trans, from Co. F; iliscli. for disubility, 1803. CoolUrotli, George F., trans, from Co. F; disch. September, 1864. Dooily, Jolin II., trans, from Co. F ; discb. Jnue 7, 1S62. Douglass, William, trans, from Co. F. Forrin, William II., trans, from Co. F. Foster, James E., trans, from Co. F; re-cnl. in 1804. Holbrook, Jobn 11., trans, from Co. F. Jordan, Frank E., must. Jan. 6, ISKi; re-enl. in U. S. Army, 1863. King, Biclmrd, must. Jan. 21, 1863; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Kniglit, bimeon, trans, from Co. V; trans, to l>t Maine Veterans. Kngent, James, trans, from Co. F ; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. Smitli, John, must. Jan. 5, 1863. Spellman, Jereniiab, trans, from Co. F; pjirolcd prisoner, exchanged; discli. September, 1864. Sullivan, Daniel. Rounds, Chnrlea II., must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; disch. September, 1864. Tliurston, Lewis L., must. Aug. 21 ; taken prisoner. May 4, 186:1; exchanged ; disch. September, 1864. Wall, James, must. Jan. 5, 1863 ; re-enl. in U. S. Army, .Ian. 26, 1863. COMPANY E. Dolan, Tliomas, mnst. Jan. 1, 18G2 ; trans, to Co. K. Linnell, Timothy, must. Jan. 1, 1862; trans, to Co. F. S|iaulding, Merrill S.,must. Jan. 1, 1862; discharged 1863. COMPANY F. Mustered in Aug. 21, 1861. Armstrong, Jobn II., trans, from Co. G. Bragdon, Dennis L., trans, from Co. G ; died 186.3. lirown, Robert, must. Feb. 18, 186:i. Blueficld, Simon, must. April 7, 1863; wounded May 12, 1804; trans, to 1st Maine Veterans. Begg, John R., trans, from Co. G; re-enl. in 1st Maine Veterans. Berry, B chard, wounded at Yorktown, Va. ; tians. to Co. D. Bacon, William, trans, to Co. D. Coolbroth, George F., trans, to Co. D. Clapp, James M., trans, from Co. G. Coffee, Dennis, must. Jan. 12, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G. Cass, James U., trans, from Co. G; diai b. May 13, 1863. Dolan, Thomas, must. Jan. 1, 1862 ; detached as clerk. Devine, James, Uiu»t. April 14, 18Ki. Ezekiel, Henry I., must. April 6, 1863. Doody, John 11., tians. to (,'o. D ; discli. June 7, 1802. Farrin, William 11., trans, to Co. D; disch. Jan. 13, 1862. Foster, James E., trans, to Co. D. Nugent, James, trans, to Co. £. Sjtellnian, Jeremiah, trans, to Co. V ; taken prisoner. Douglass, William, trans, to Co. D. Holbrook, John II., trans, to Co. D. Brown, Charles, trans, to Co. D. Foster, Israel A., must. Aug. 2(1, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1864. O'Brien, Patrick S., must. Aug. 15, 1862. GreeTi, George A., must. April 16, 1863. Ilanscomb, Stephen, trans, from Co. G; wounded May 3; detached at Fort Knox, Me. Hurt, Jobn, trans, from Co. G ; pro. to Corp. and sergt.; trans, to 1st Maine Hayes, John, trans, from Co. G; missing. May 18, 1864. Uooi)er, Lawrence P., trans, from Co. G ; discb. April 9, 1S63. Jones, Charles W., trans, from Co. G ; re-enl. in U. S. Navy, 1864. Murphy, Edward, Hans, from Co. G; wounded at Antietjim; discb. Nov. 18P,4. Stanford, Charles, trans, from Co. G ; died 1863. Stevens, Charles B., trans, from Co. G ; killed in battle, May 6, 1804. Smellay, Alphimzo B., must. May 16, 1863 ; dehtched in provost guard. Trundy, William T., trans, from Co. G: disch. November, 1864. COMPANY G. MuBtere|>, coiji., reduced December, 1801 ; trans, to Co. F. Henry Eveletb, died at Baltimore, Md. Jabei P. Eveletb, musician, trans, to regimental band; returned August, 1802; trans, to Co. F in 1863. J. T. Skillins, wagoner, at brigade headquarters, 1863; re-enl. 1864. Armstrong, J. II., pro. to Corp.; to sergt.; wounded at Antietam; trans, to Co. F, 186.1. Adams, Williiim, pro. to Corp. ; trans, to Co. F, 1863. Begg, John R., wounded at Antietam ; trans, to Co. K. Bragdon, D. L., pro. to Corp. ; to Ist sergt. ; trans, to Co. F. Bracket t, Geoige W., died Feb. 28, 1802. Blake, S. R., iliscli. for disability. Drake, Pliai es S., died Sept. 24, 1862. Goililard. J. II., dropped from the rolls, 1802; never must. in. Hooper, Lawrence K., trans, to Co. K, 186:1. Hart, John, detiiched; trans, to Co. F. Messer, Alvin, died Sept. 24, 1862. Melody, Thomas, trans, to Co. K. Spencer, A. C, disch. for disability, March 5, 1862. Sniith, Charles J. B., missing at Antietam ; trans, to Co. K in 18C3. Stanford, Charles U., trans, to Co. K. Trundy, William T., trans, to Co. F. Willmy, Albert C, disch. for disability, March 5, 1SG2. Rounds, Eilward, ilropped from the rolls, 1802 ; never must. in. Maxwell, William, dropped from the rolls, 1862. Lewis, Alonzo B , discb. tor disabilily, Jan. 3, 1862. Chase, A. K., detached ; trans, to Co. K, 1863. Lunt, James, disch. for disability, Jan. 3, 1862. Waterhouse, Chai les H., Corp., ti ans. to Co. F, 1863 ; wounded and mis.ting, Slay 4, 1861. Clement, Charles, trans, to Co. K. Coffee, Dennis, must. Jan. 15, 1802 ; trans, to Co. F, 1863. Cass, James H , must. Jan. 15, 1862; trans, to Co. F, 1863. Hayes, John, must. Jan. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F, 1863. Abbott, Andrew J., must. June 16, 1861; .sent to Fort Knox. Me. Dunscomb, Thomas G., must. June 29, 1863; sent to Fort Knox, Me. Ferguson, John, must. June 16. Hammond, Charles, must. June 16, 1863; detached at Fort Knox, Me. Hanselpecker, James H., must. May 17,1863; detached at. Fort Knox, Me. McMain, John, must. June 29, 1863; detai-hed at Fort Knox, Me. Mitchell, Frank, must. June 29, 1863; detached at Fort Knox, Me. Rounds, Charles B., must. Aug. 21, 1861; trans, to Co. D. . Smallen, Philip, must. July 6, 1863. Taylor, William, must. Juno 16, 1863; detached at Fort Knox, Me. COMPANY I. Drew, George, Jr., must. Aug. 21, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1864. Landy, Charles, must. Feb. 16, 1S62. Armstrong, James F., must. Feb. 18, 1863. Morris, John C, must. Jan. 1, 1803. Palin, Thomaa, must. Jan. Ill, 1863. Kooney, Peter, must. Nov. 3, 1862. Roi, John, trans, from Co. F. Smith, Tliomas, must. Jan. 10, 1863. Wolf, Thomas, must. Jan. 10, 1863. COMPANY K. Chase, Albaniis R., trans, from Co. G ; disch. by war order of May 20, 1864. Clements, Charles, trans, from Co. G ; re-enl. in 1st Maine Veterans. Littlehale, Isaac M., must. Sept. 22, 1862; missing in action, May 4, 1863. Melody, Tliomas, trans, from Co. G; disch. by war order of May 20, 1864. Murray, William, must. Dec. 22, 1802 ; trans, to U. S. Navy. Smith, John W., trans, from Co G; taken prisoner, June 1, 1864. Smith, Charles J. B., trans, from Co. G; missing. Walls, Alfred A. Y., trans, from Co. A; diach. by civil authority, Jan. 10, 1861. EIGHTH INFANTKY. Chauncey B. Webster, sergt., Co. E; must. Sept. 7. 1861 ; pro. to 1st sergt. Bonny, Alonzo G., Co. E; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Sawyer, Charles M., Co. E; mnst. Sept. 7, 1861 ; detached in 1863. Pote, James M., Co. E ; must. Sept. 7, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. ; to sergt., 1862; re- duced, 1864. Roberts, Charles H., Co. E; mnst. Sept. 24, 1802; pro. to corp. 1863. McLellan, John, Co. E; must. Oct. 6, 1863; trans, to Navy, 1866. Knights, Jobn K., Co. I; must. Sept. 7, 1861; re-eulist«l, 1863; detached to Amimlance Corp--, 1864. Feeney, Martin, Co. I; must. Oct. 8, 1863; disch. Jan. 18, 1866. Hughes, John, Co. I; must. Oct. 13, 1863; died of wounds, July 19, 1864. Keirran, James, Co. I; must. Oct. 14, 1863; detached as shar|ishooter. Bateman, Enos, Co. B ; must. March 26, 1803; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1864. Smart, Kobert. Co. E ; must. Nov. 12, 1864. Foley, Francis, Co. 1 ; must. Oct. 7, 1863 ; pro. to sergt. ; disch, Jan. 18, 1800. Hodgkins, Joseph O., Co. D; must. Sept. 10, 1862; killed in battle. May 20, 1864. Russell, Joseph E., Co. E; must. March 27, 1S62; missing Aug. 28, 1864. Jameson, George W., Co. E; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Chase, Reuel D., Co. F; must. Sept. 25, 1862; trans, to Co. D. riilll|H, Samuel F., Co. G ; must. Jan. 2, 1864; disch. Nov. 8, 1866. Perkins, George W., Co. H; must. Sept. 3, 1862; discli. Nov. 4, I860. Perkins, George H., Co. U ; must. Nov. 5, 1802; wounded May 16, 1864 ; adju- tant's clerk. Freeman. James, Co. F; must. Aug. 7, 1863; missing in battle, Oct. 27, 1864. Brown, Charles, Co. G; must. Feb. 29, 1863. Dougherty, Thomas, Co. «; must. Oct. 9, 186:1; taken pris»mer, June 18, 1863. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 419 Harrington, Cornelius, Co. Gj must Oct. 10, 1864; substitute; disch. Jan. 18, 186G. Hall, Juhti, Co. G; must. Oct. 10, 18G1, a^ substitute; missing. King, Tliomai, Co. G; must. Oct 9, 1803; disch. for disability, July 8, 1864. Morris, Thomas, Co. G ; must. Oct. 9, lSC:i ; discharged, 186.1. Smith, C:harles, Co. G; must. Oct. 12, 1863; disch. Jan. 18, 1860. Ilakcr, Thomas G., Co. H ; must. Oct. 10, 1863 ; trans, to Navy, April 27, 1864. Dodge, AbniT, Co. H; must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. 186.1. Joneii, William E., Co. K; must. Feb. 6, 1804; disch. Jan. 18, 1806. JlcMana, Hugh, Co. I; must, Oct. 10, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 18, 1866. Meyser, Louis, Co. I; must. Oct. 10, 1863. Perry, Levi R., Co. I; must. Oct. 6, 1863 ; d'schargcd in hospital. Riley, Patrick, Co. I ; must. Oct. 4, 1863. Shavor, Edward P., Co. I; must. Oct. 13, 1863 ; wounded Hay 25, 1864 ; pro. to Walker, James, Co. I; must. Oct. 13, 1863; disch. from hospital, 1865. Wallman, Jacob, Co. I; must. Oct. 1, 1863; trans, to Navy. Wilson, William, Co. I; must. March 16, 1804; trans, to Navy. NINTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Baker, Ernest, must Oct. 24, 1803. Beauchanjp, Edward, must. Sept. 1.1, 1864. Bracketl, William C, must Sept. 16, 1804. Babb, Albert A., must. Sept. 19, 1864. Burns, John, mu.st. Sept. 19, 1864. Burns, William, must. Sept. 10, 1864. Barry, Tliomas, must. Sept. 22, 1864. Brooks, James, must. Oct. 4, 1864. Brooks, Charles A., trans, from Co. K ; wounded July 18, 1863; detached, 1864. Carroll, Thomas, must. Sept. 23, 1864. Coig, John, must. Sept. 20, 1864. Carroll, Joseph, must. Oct. G, 1804. Doherty, John, must. Sept. 21, 1864. Deverix, James, must. Sept. 24, 1864. Dunscomb, Peter, must. Oct. 4, 1864. Deaidou, Daniel, must. Oct. 4, 1864. Fox, James, must. Sept. 22, 1864. Francis, Charles, must. Oct. 27, 1864; wounded June 1, 1865. Gillman, Charles, must. Sept. 23, 1804. McNulty, Frank, must. Sept. 29, 1804. Seavey, Ora, must. Sept. 24, 1864. York, John, must. Sept. 23, 1864. COMPANY B. Ham, William L., must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Walker, Nelson F., must. Sept. 22, 1801 ; died at Uiltou Head, Jan. 24, 1862. Roach, John A. J., must. March 15, 1864; pro. to chief musician, Oct. 22, 1864. COMPANY C. Benlon, Joseph F., must. Sept. 19, 1864. COMPANY D. Hoyt, John, must. Sept. 22, 1861. Benford, Charles, must. Sept. 26, 1864. COMPANY E. Pomlon, James, must. Oct. 19, 1863. Reedy, Thomas, must. Oct. 23, 1864. COMPANY F. Connard, Washington, must. July 14, 1863; killed in battle, May 20, 1864. Wiuslow, Roscoe, must. Aug. 20, 1863. COMPANY G. Gushing, John E., must. Sept. 20, 1801; pro. to Corp.; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded Sept. 29, 1864. Liden, John, must. Sept. 21, 1861. Mangan, John, must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; wounded Aug. 30, 1863. Snuth, James, must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; taken prisoner, June 21, 1862 ; disch. Sept. 27, 1864. Follcy, Jerry, must. Jan. 1, 1864; missing in battle, Aug. 16, 1864. Forsyth, John A., must. Dec. 12, 1864 ; died of wounds received June 30, 1864. Liden, John, must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; re-cnl. Jan. 1, 1804 ; wounded May 16, 1804. Magnan, John, must. Sept. 22, 1861; disch. Sept. 27, 1804. Cha.se, Albainis M., must. Aug. 11, 1863. Weeks, Charles F., pro. to 1st lieut. from Co. F, Oct. 26, 1804. COMPANY H. Chadbourne, Simeon, must. Sept. 23, 1862; died Oct. 4, 1803. Webb, Edward W., must. Sept. 26, 1862. Browu, Thomas, must. Sept. 26, 1804. McDonald, William, must. Sejit. 28, 1804. Page, Robert, must. Sept. 28, 1864. Reed, Joseph, must. Sejit. 30, 1S64. COMPANY I. Braiuard, Thomas, must. Oct. 14, 1863. Hagerty, Peter, must. Oct. 17, 1803. Williams, John, drafted, must. Sept. 11, 1863; killed in battle, Aug. 16, 1864. TENTH INFANTEY. Daniel H. Chandler, loader of band, must, out un.ler oriler of War Dept., Sept. Nathaniel K. Walker, Co. A ; must. Oct. 15, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Oct. 20; re- duced in 1802 ; disch. Feb. 4, 1863. COMPANY B. Mustered in Oct. 4, 1861 ; discharged Jlay 7, 1803. Charles H. Cnshman, serirt., disch. for disabilily, April 17, 1862. Charles II. Colley, Jr., sergt., pro. to 2d lieut. Aug 9; died Sept. 20. Stephen Noyes, Jr., sergt., returned to the ranks by request, Jan. 14, 18C2. Edward W. Loveitt, corp., pro. to sergt.; wounded Aug. 9, 1802. Frank Seed, corp, reduced; taken prisoner May 25, 1S62; exchanged, 1862. John G. Glendenuing, Corp., reduced Nov. 21; woundi'd at Aniletara; disch. Jan. 15, 1863. David N. Hall, Corp., disch. for disability, Dec. 24, 1862. Daniel E. Mountfort, corp., died at Harper's Ferry, April 7, 186'2. Henry N. Greene, musician, disch. for disability, March 11, 1802. Alpheus L. Greene, musician, pro. to file-major. Allen, Charles F., prisoner May 25, 1802; paroled. Bussel, George F., disch. for disahdity, Julj 28, 1862. Blackwood, Benjamin, wounded at Antietam; pro. to corp. Cnshman, Benjamin J., died at Fi-ont Royal, July 9, 1862. Carey, Peter W., pro. to corp. Chipnian, George W. ; Delano, Theodore V.; Downes, Joseph S. Davey, Samuel F., pro. to corp. Co. B. Eiistis, Frank F., pro. to corp. Eustis, Leonard, prisoner. May 25 ; exchanged ; pro. to sergt. Farley, Alfred D. F, disch. May 23, 1862. Graffam, Edwin W.; Gill, George H. Hoyt, Benjamin G., pro. lo coi p. December, 1862. Johr^son, Alexander, disch. for dJs;ibility, Jan. 9, 1863, Jordan, James E., wounded at Antietam ; died. Loring, William H. H., disch. for disability, Jan. 13, 1863. Lovett, Simon A., disch. for disability, Jan. 8, 1803. Milligan, James. Miles, Benjamin C, wounded at Cedar Mountain; discli. Nov. 6, 1862. Penny, Augustus, wounded on picket; disch. April 11, 1862. Powers, James ;Ttand, George H. Roberts, Daniel S., prisoner at Winchester; died at Lynchburg, Va., Aug. 3, 1802. Ryan, John ; Smith, Charles >j. Smith, Almado R,, wounded at Cedar Mountain. Stone, John, wounded at Cedar Mountain. Spaulding, Albert S. ; Swett, James W. Swett, John, Jr., taken prisoner at Winchester, Va. ; exchanged. Sweetser, Richmond, disch. for disability, Aug. 20, 1862. Sawyer, Thorudyke II., disch. for disability, June 5, 1862. Trowbridge, John, killed at battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1802. Tewksbury, James N., prisoner at Winchester; exchanged. - Ti-ask, Charles H.; Trask, George F.; Vorrill, Benjamin F. Varney, Oliver F., pro. to corp. in 1863. Westcolt, Richmond F., pro. to corp. in 1803. Willey, John C, pro. to corp. Nov. 21, to sergt. 1802, to 1st sergt. 1863. Weeks, Joseph, taken prisoner at Winchester; died at Lynchburg, Va. Winslow, Hiram. Campbell, Robert H., must. Oct. 27, 1861. Newell, James N. Waterhouse, Peter B., disch. for disability, March 11, 1862. Bodge, William, must. Aug. 23, 1862; transferred. Brett, John F., must. Aug. 23, 1862 ; tninsferred. Bean, William, must. Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Antietam. Burnell, Edward A., must. Aug. 2, 1862 ; transferred. Cobb, Martin L., must. Aug. 28, 1862; transferred. Dinsmore, John, must. Aug. 22, 1862; transferred. Emery, David, must. Aug. 6, 1862; transferred. Flanders, Daniel, must. Aug. 20, 1862; transferred. Flinn, John, must. Sept. 3, 1862; transferred. Ftpss, David, must. Aug. 18, 1862; transferred. Foster, Thomas, must. Aug. 6, 1802; transferred. Griflin, Thomas, must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. for disability, Dec. 7, 1862. Hanson, Ezekiel H., must. Aug. 17, 1862; transferred. Hoyt, George A., must. Aug. 17, 1862; transferred. Ilsley, Enoch B., must. Aug. B, 1862. Jones, Oliver, nuist. Aug. 18, 1862; transferred. Kerrigan, Andrew, must. March 0,1862; wounded at Cedar Mountain; disch. Oct. 7, 1802. Knight, Storer S., must. Aug. 18, 1862; transferred. McGinty, John, must. Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. McGuire, Torrance, must. March 6, 1862; taken prisoner at Wincheeler; ex- changed ; transferred. McKenzio, William, must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. for disability, Dec. 5, 1862. O'Uara, William, must. Aug. 6, 1862; transferred. Parker, Nathaniel W., must. Aug. 18, 1802; disch. for dimbility, March 21, 1663. Plummer, Arthur, must. Aug. 23, 1862; disch. for di«iibilily, Feb. 7, 1863. Sawyer, Edward II., must. Aug. 18, 1862; transferred. Stewart, Hiram S., must. Aug. 23, 1862. 420 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Trainer, James, must. March 6, 1862. Wells, John F., must. Aug. C, 1802; trans. 1803. Hall, Dana, trans, to non-com. staff as q.ra. sergt., 1863. Malian, George T., pro. to Corp. Neal, Ansel, must. Ang. 20, 1862 ; transferred. COMPANY C. Muslered in Oct. 5, 1801 ; discharged May 8, 1863. Charles E. Jordan, sergt., taken prisoner at Frederick, Md.; paroled. Ueorge H. Hurd, sergl., killed at Cedar Mountain. Henry A. Bnruham, sergt. Robert M. Weeks, sergt., taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain; exchanged; trans, as com. sergt., 1803. Henry M. Smith, Corp., wounded at Antietam; disch. Feb. 5, 18G3. William P. Hamilton, Corp., wounded at Winchester and at Cedar MountHin ; trans. 1863. Henry A. Plummer, Corp., taken prisoner at Winchester; exchanged; pro. to sergt.; disch. May 8, 18G3. Valentine R. Jackson, Corp., taken prisoner at Winchester; reduced. David G. Warner, musician, taken prisoner May 25 ; disch. June 18, 1862. Frederick W. Stone, musician. Burnham, Charles, disch. Juno 18. Cobb, Benjamin F., disch. Nov. 27, 1862. Conway, John ; Downes, Jdlin W. C. Devine, Anthony, taken prisoner May 25; exchanged. Olendenning, Thomas M., disch. June 18, 1802. Knight, William W., pro. to Corp.; taken prisoner Aug. 18, 1862; exchanged; pro. to sergt., 1803. Knight, George E., pro. to Corp., 1863. Knowles, John, trans, to Co. H. Lane, Solomon, trans, to Co. II. Morse, William. Moore, Edward K., must. Aug. 5, 1862; trans. 1803. Pennell, Edwin W. ; Bider, Albert S. Rider, Mark, pro. to Corp., 1862. Russell, William 0.; Stevens, Charles W.; Smellage, Charles E. Soule, George A., wounded Aug. 9, 1802. Spring, F. A. Tighe, Dennis, wounded at Cedar Mountain. • Newbold, Andrew D., taken prisoner May 25 ; paroled ; disch. Aug. 10, 1862. Atchcrson, John, pro. to Corp., 1863. Love, William H., taken prisoner May 28, 1862. Hanson, Niles A., wounded at Antietam; transferred. Boody, Francis G., must. Nov. 27, 1861 ; taken prisoner May 26, 1862 ; exchanged ; disch. February, 1863. Farr, David, must. 27, 1861 ; wounded at Antietam. Williams, John A., must. Nov. 27, 1801 ; disch. July 2, 1802. Winslow, William A., must. Nov. 27, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Winchester, Va. ; exchanged. Ross, William B., must. Nov. 27, 1861. Goodhue, John, must. Nov. 27, 1861. Chickering, Sabine C, must. Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jau. 23, 1862. Ballon, Adin, must. Aug. 13, 1802. Bonney, Edwin W., must. Aug. 5, 1802 ; killed at Antietam, Sept. 7, 1802. Boody, Leonard G., must. Aug. 9, 1862. Buck, Daniel F., must. March 20, 1802. Buckman, Amos, must. March 20, 1862. Doody, John H., must. July 3, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam ; transferred. Terrell, William E., must. Aug. 11, 1862; transferred 1863. Green, Charles A., must. Aug. 23, 1862; transferred. Gurney, Dexter, must. Aug. 23, 1862. Jordan, Leonard G., must. Aug. 22, 1802; transferred. Moore, Edward K., must. Aug. 0, 1862. Sheridan, James, must. Aug. 2, 1802 ; transferred. Small, Joseph B., must. Aug. 6, 1802; transferred. Stackpole, Daniel W., must. March 21, 1862. Ballon, Adin, must. Aug. 13, 1862 ; transferred. COMPANY D. Mustered in Oct. 4, 1861. Charles Kehoe, musician, trans, to loth Battalion and 29th Maine Inf. McNully, John, wounded at Cedar Mountain; disch. March 10, 1863. McNally, Patrick, killed at Cedar Mountain. Smith, James, disch. for disability, Nov. 22, 1802. McGowon, Michael, must. Nov. 15, 1861; taken prisoner Aug. 20, 1862; ex- changed ; trans, to 29th Maine Inf. Plummer, Daniel, must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; killeil at Cedar Mountain. Peaboily, William D., must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; trans, to Co. A. Marshall, George, must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; trans, to Co. A, October 20. COMPANY E. Mustered in Oct. 4, 1861 ; discharged May 8, 1863. Joseph Perley, sergt., pro. to 2d lieut. Herbert R. Sargent, sergt., pro. to 2d lloul., to let lieut., and to capt. ; wounded Aug. 9, 1862. diaries S. Tr.iwbridge, sergt. Theodore H. Lombard, sorgt. Asa S. Cox, Corp. George A. Smith, Corp., pro. to sergt. ; wounded at Antietam ; pro. to 1st sergt. December, 1862. .Toseph F. Mackin, Corp., wounded at Slaughter Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862; re- duced by request. Turney Carey, musician. Joshua R. King, wagoner. Bnratow, Samuel R. ; Bragdon, Charles W. M. ; Chase, Wilber F. Douglass, Jeremiah S., pro. to Corp. ; pro. to sergt. December, 1862. Davis, Wiltiuni E., pro. to com. sergt. Goold, Josiah. Green, Charles R., disch. for disability, June 20, 1802. Hayes, John O. ; Haskell, William T. Johnson, Thomas, taken prisoner May 25, 1862; exchanged. Simpson, George W., drowned at Sandy Hook, Md., May 3, 1862. Smith, Harrison W., wounded Aug. 9; pro. to Corp. May 3, 1862. St. John, William E. Trcfethen, Clifford J., pro. to Corp. Jan. 7, 1863. Roach, Edward, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., May 13, 1802. Hartshorne, Frederick A., must. Oct. 26, 1861. Hefion, Thomas, must. Oct. 10, 1861. Lowry, William, must. Oct. 16, 1861 ; taken prisoner May 26, 1802; exchanged. Howe, James R., must. Oct. 16, 1801. Cook, David W., must. Oct. 16, 1861. Damren, Dasten, must. Oct. 16, 1861. Cook, Hiram T., must. Oct. 10, 1801 ; pro. to Corp. ; taken prisoner May 25, 1802 ; . exchanged ; pro. to sergt. December, 1802. Chase, Samuel R., must. Oct. 16, 1861 ; taken prisoner. Chase, Edward E., must. Nov. 27, 1861. Coolbrolh, William, must. Oct. 10, 1801 ; disch. for disability, Aug. 1, 1862. Barbour, Joseph H., must. Sept. 18, 1862 ; died Jan. 9, 186:i. Gould, John M., must. Oct. 5, 1862 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. and lieut. COMPANY I. Mustered in Oct. 4, 1864; discharged May 7, 1864. Benjamin T. Witliam, sergt., disch. for disability, March 11, 1862. Hezekiah Atwood, sergt., pro. to Ist sergt.; discharged May 7, 1863. Nathaniel D. Ripley, Corp. Cobb, Charles. Cluskey, Peter, pro. to Corp.; wounded :it Antietam. Deland, Daniel, Jr., disch. for disability, May 19, 1862. Dunn, Charles F., disch. Feb. 2, 1862. Foster, Samuel H. Johnson, Andrew J., wounded at Cedar Mountain. Murphy, William H., pro. to Corp. July, 1862. Rolf, Benjamin F. Scainmon, Isaac W., disch. for disability. May 30, 1862. Turner, Moses, taken prisoner May 25, 1862; exchanged. Terhune, Stephen. Thomas, Walter H., trans, to band ; must, out of service with band, September, 1862. Littlefield, Charles, disch. for disability, June 2, 1862. Arnold, William P., must. Oct. 16,1861. Golden, William P., must. Oct. 10, 1801 ; tnken prisoner May 25, 1862 ; exchanged. Murphy, James, must. Oct. 10, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 21, 1862. Moulton, Matthias, must. Ang. 18, 1862 ; transferred. Murphy, Thomas, must. Aug. 6, 1802; disch. for disability, March 17, 1863. Walker, Ferdinand F., must. Aug. 12, 1802; disch. for disability, Jan. 31, 1863. COMPANY K. Mustered in Oct. 4, 1861. Eaton, James D.; killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Pio, James H., wounded at Cedar Mountain. Reynolds, George W. Duston, William H., must. Aug. 21, 1862. MISCELLANEOUS. William W. Sewall, musician, Co. F; must. Oct. 4, 1801; disch. May 7, 1863. Sidney, Philip, Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Devine, Anthony, Jr., Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C. O'Neil, Lanty, Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; disch. May 7, 1863. Pote, Isaac J., Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. May 7, 1863. Smellage, George W., Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. May 7, 1863. Prindall, Edward L., Co. F; must. Sept. 2, 1863; transferred. Gaitley, Martin, Co. F; must. Sept. 9, 1802 ; transferred. Turner, John F., Co. F ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; transferred. Veazie, Edwin B., Co. V; must. Oct. 4, 1861; disch. for disability, April 30, 1863. McGoverin, Dennis, Co. F ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; transferred. Robert H. Murphy, musician, Co.G ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. May 8, 1863. Kiestard, Luke, Co. G ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded at Antietam ; died Sept. 18, 1802. Field, Alvin, Co. H ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; killed at Cedar Mountain, Ang. 9, 1862. ELEVENTH INFANTEY. COMPANY A. Sylvester C. Moody, fife-miyor, disch. October, 1862. Thomas K. Jones, musician, regimental band ; disch. Aug. 12, 1802, with the band. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 421 Benjamin F. Brown, musician, regimeiikil band ; disch. Aug. 12, 18G1, with tlio Willinm H. Kaler, seigt., detached to Signal Corps, Dec. 15, 186-1. Geoige A. Bakeman, Corp., wounded at Fair Oalts; detached to Artillery on M..rria Island, 8. C, 1803. Lee, William G., pro. to sergt. and di'tached to Ambulance Corps; reduced lo Corp. May, ISM ; disch. Nov. 18, 1S64. I,ynch, George, trans, to Artillery on Morris Island, 18G3 ; disch. Nov. 18, 1864. Leinnd, Thomas, died at Baltimore, June 3, 1862. Osborne, George F., acting hospital steward, 4th South Carolina V3. Grovcr, Alplicua, pro. to Corp.; pro. to sergt. ; wounded April S, 1805. Hooper, Urlando, detached to Aiubulanco Corps; wounded May 12, ISfi.'J. Jones, George W,, pro. to Corp. ; wounded at Gettyshurg ; died July 2.'i, 180:i. Jones, Kugerie K., wounded and taken prisoner. May 3, ISO:). Kelley, William, wounded May 13, 1803. Kelley, Edward. Kimball, Augustus A., wounded May 10, 1803 ; pi-o. to Corp. Lehaue, John, pro. to Corp.; died of wounds, June 18, 1864. Libby, Samuel U., trans, to Livingston's Battery; disch. Dec. 15, 1864. Llbby, Selh B. Ilclnnis, Daniel, trans, to Livingston's Buttery ; taken prisoner ; disch. June 29, 1805. MacKeuzie, Mathew, wounded May 6. Merrill, Charles H., pro. to Corp.; pro. to sergt., 1863. Moulton, George F., killed June 16, 1804. Nelson, Henry L. Noyes, Alvin A., pro. to corp; wounded July 2, 1863. Bice, John O., disch. Juue 6, 1865. Roach, George W. H., pro. to Corp. Kobert-s James 11. S., disch. for disability, Juue 3, 1803. Koberts, Edward A., pro. to Corp. ; missing in action. May 0, 1864. Sa«tr..ff, Stephen C. S., died Jan. 3, 1863. Silsby, Samuel E., unaccounted for. Thorne, Edwiu 0., trans, to 4lh N. Y. Art. Trickey, Henry S., trans, to Invalid Corps. Whitham, John, pro. to Corp.; wounded May 13, 1864. Winn, Andrew, killed at Oak Grove, Nov. 27, 1863. Wood.sum, Freslhe S., disch. May 2, 1864. Bryan, Frank, must. Feb, 4, 1864; disch. June 7, 1805. Cooke, William, must. Aug. 24, 1863; wounded; trans, to Ist H. Art. Snowman, Thomas, must. Dec. 3, 1803; pro. to corp. and sergt.; wounded June 16; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. I. Worcester, Horace L., must. July 14,1863; trans, to lat U. Art. McNulty, Patrick, must. Dec. 11, 1863. COMPANY C. Bailey, Davi.i, must. Feb. 29, 1864 ; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Grosser, George, must. Sept. 25, 1863; died June 11, 1864. Hall, Jordan M., must. March 16, 1865 ; discharged. COMPANY D. Stephen GraCTam, sergt., pro. to 2d lieut.. May 29, 1863; wounded July 3, 1863. James W. Leslie, sergt., disch. for .Usability, Dec. 29, 1862. Nelson Whitten, Corp., trans, as q.m. clerk; pro. to 2d liout. and let lieut.; wounded July 3, 1863. George S. W. Moses, corp., pro. to musician, 1863; trans, to Vet. Kes. Corps. Joel M. Sawyer, musician, disch. for disability, Dec. 3, 1862. Edmoud Q. Goodhue, musician, disch. for disability, Feb. 6, 1862. Burchill, Kicbard, wounded May 12; disch. Aug. 4, 1864, Campbell, John ; Dennett, Thomas. Field, Edmund D., wounded May 6. Gammon, Samuel H,, pro. to corp. ; detached. Gillis, Andrew. Hanna, George F., wounded at Gettysburg. Hayes, Charles H,, wagoner ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Jordan, John S., disch, for disability, Dec. 2, 1802. McCarty, Charles, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. McGuar, Thomas, died at Portlanil, Oct. 30, 1804. McMaster, Willam, taken prisoner, May 3, 1863. Mender, John, disch. for disability, Aug. 25, 1864. Mills, Joseph N,, missing in battle. May 12, 1862. Moses, Andrew J., disch. for disability, Feb. 19, 1863. Newman, John E., teamster. Sawyer, Alouzo W., pro. to musician ; detached in 1864. Skillin, Hiram B., wagoner. Small, Charles B,, disch. for disability, February 18. Small, William B.. wounded May 3; disch. Dec. 24, 1863. Whiltemorc. Franklin I,, pro, to corp,; killed in battle. May 5, 1864. Brackett, Charles E., disch. May 30, 1865. COMPANY E. John 8, White, sergt., disch, for disability, February, 1803. Frederic A. Sawyer, sergt., pro. to 1st sergt., 2d lieut,, and 1st lieut,; wounded Nov, 27, 1803, and May 5, 1804; disch. for disability. Sept, 24, 1804, Herman Q. Mason, sergt,, discli, Dec, 31, 1863. Peter D. Domster, corp,, trans, to Invalid Corps, 1863, Charles F. Van Horn, corp., pro. to sergt,; wounded May 0; died May 8, 18C4, Lewis W. Lombard, wagoner. Pride, Frederic M., died in hospital, Dec. 21, 1862. Pulleu, David P., trans, to Navy, April 14, 1863. Kilgore, Leander A., must. Sept. 29, 1864. McCullough, Andrew J., must. Oct, 10, 1804. Merrill, Joseph, must. Feb, 18, ISO.'i, COMPANY F. George B, Fickell, corp,, pro. to sergt. ; disch, for disability, Oct. 15, 1864. COMPANY H. Ciimrnings, Horace B., pro. to Corp., sergt,, and 2d lieut. Morton, John II,, trans, to Vet, Res, Corps, 1804, Morton, Charles, must, Nov, 2, 1864; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Fowle, Peter, must. Oct, 3, 1864; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. COMPANY I. Abbott, Sylvester, must, Jan. 4, 1864; trans, to Navy. Brown. Daniel, must. Jan. 14, 1804; killed Slay 5, 1804. Loring, Fred. H., must. Nov. 3il, 1863; wounded May 5; died June 6, 1864. Osgood, James, must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; trans, to Ist Maine H. Art. Stackpole, Lowell B,, must. Jan. 4, 1864; wounded May 2i ; trans, to Ist Maine H, Art, Waite, Edward F,, must. Jan. 1, 1S04; wounded May 12; tmns. to Ist Maine U. Art. NINETEENTH INFANTBY. Blake, William, Co. A; mint. Aug, 3, 1803; trans, to 1st Maine U. Art. Hurley, Thomas, Co. A; must. July 16, 1863; wounded May 10, 1864; trans, to Ist H. Art. Pickering, Thomas, Co, A; must. Sept. 24, 1863; disch. Feb. 28, 1864. Quinby, Alonco H., Co. A; must. Sept. 10, 1863; wounded May 6; discli. May 12, 1865. Sumner, Robert, Co. A; must. Aug. 11, 1863; wounded May 10; trans, to lat H.Art. Stevens, Geo. E,, Co. A; must. Sept. 4, 1863; wounded May 10; trans, to Art, Collins, William, Co. B; must. Aug. 17, 1863; disch. Jan, 11, 1864, Dwiunell, Geo, W,, Co. B; must. Aug. 14, 1863; wounded May 30, 1864; trans. ■ to 1st It. Art. Dillman, Joseph, Co. B; must. Sept. 21, 1863; trans, to Navy, April 10, 1804, Mail', John, Co. B; must. Aug. 7, 1803; wounded May 6, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Murphy, Jeicmiah, Co. B; must. Aug. 17, 1863; disch. Dec. 14, 1863. Bohnn, Adolph, Co. D; must. Aug. 13, 1803; woimded May 10, 1864; disch. Feb. 6, 1865. Jones, John, Co. D; must, Aug. 12, 1863; disch. April 7, 1865. Peterson, Peter, Co. D; must. Sept. 21, 1863; trans, to Navy, 1864. Clark, Henry, Co. E; must. Aug. 12, 180:); trans, to Navy, April 15. Clark, John, Co. E ; must. Aug. 12, 1863; trans, to 1st H. Art. Carr, John, Co. E ; must. Aug. 12, 1803; died in rebel prison, Sept. 15, 1804. Jones, William, Co. E; must. Aug. 12, 1803; died in prison, Aug. 15, 1864. Tyzaar, Henry N., Co, E; must, July 13, 1863; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Higgins, Dennis, Co. F; must. Aug. 22, 1863; trans, to Ist Miine H. Art. Hefferan, Thomas, Co. F ; must. Aug. 4, 1863; wounded Oct. 14; missing. Johnston, Rtiscoe, Co. F; must. Aug. 19, 1863. Johnston, William, Co. F; must. Aug. 19, 1861. McCabe, James, Co, F; must. Aug. 19, 180). Brown, William, Co. G; must. Aug. 14, 1803; trans, to 1st H. Art. Cain, Daniel, Co.G; must, July 14, 1863; trans, to 1st H. Art. Knights, Nathaniel, Co. G; must. Sept, 17, 1863; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Randall, Albert Y,, Co, G; must. July 10, 1863; pro. to Corp.; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Anderson, John, Co. I ; must. Aug. 13, 1863 ; died in prison, June 28, 1864. Brady, George, Co. I ; must. Sept. 21, 1863; trans, to Ist H. Art. Clary, Dennis, Co. I ; must. Aug. 17, 1863 ; missing in battle, Dec. 4, 1863. Cuinmings, John, Co. I; must. Aug. 15, 1863. Dixon, John H., Ck). I ; must. Aug. 10, ISO); killed Miy 10, 1865. Dudley, Henry G., Co, I; must, Aug 12, 1803; trans, to Navy. Hunter, John G., Co. I; must Aug. 17, 1863. Lang, John L., Co. I ; must. Aug. 15, 186.); supposed to be prisoner. Mulligan, Francis, Co. I; must. Aug. 12, 1803; trans, to Artillery Regt. Reed, John, Co. I ; must Aug. 15. Riley, John, Co. I; must. Aug. 15. Riley, Michael, Co. I ; must. Aug. 11, 1863; died Dec. 25, 1863. Smith, John, Co. I ; must. Sept. 10, 1863. Worley, George, Co. I ; must. Aug. II. Hetfren, Thomas, Co. K ; must. Aug. 14, 1863 ; trans, to Co. F. Killfedder, Robert, Co. K; must. Aug. 11, 1863; pro. to Corp.; wounded May 6; trans, to Artillery. McDonald, Angus, Co. K; must. Aug. 14, 1863; taken prisoner, Nov. 3, 1863. Potter, Siiinuel, Co. K ; must. Sept. 23. Kiberls, Henry, Co. K; must. Sept. 23. Gerrish, William M,, Co, A ; must. Oct. 5, 1864. Smith, William H., Co. A; must. Oct. 3, 1801; tnins. to 1st 11, Art. Montine, diaries, Co. B ; must. July 30, 1863 ; trans, to 1st H. Art. Lainphen, Alfred, (3o. C; must. March 21, 1804; disch. June 8, 1865. Anderson, Christian, (jo. D; must. May 3, 1804; taken prisoner, Aug. 25, 1804; tnins. to l8t. H. Art. Welch, Thomas, Co. D ; must. Feb. 2, 1864 ; killed June 3, 1864. Carr, Patrick, Co. H ; must. March 17, 1865; trans, to 1st Maine H. Art. Clark, John, Co, I; must. April 19, 1804 ; died June 25, 1864. TWENTIETH INFANTEY. Haines, John F., corp. Co. 1).; must. Aug. 29, 1862; disch. Jufy 16, 1865! Merrill, Edward P., corp,, Co. D; must. Aug. 29,1862; reduced January, 1863 ; disch. July 16, 1865. Huiinewell, Franklin S,, Co, D; must, Aug. 29, 1862; disch. July 16, 1865. ROSTER OP SOLDIERS. 425 Blank, Caesar, Co. A; must. March 26, 1864; disch. July 16, 186.'j. Green, Jost'ph W., Co. B ; must. March 13, 1865 ; disch. May 27, 1865. Byrne, Michael F., Co. D; must. March 10, 1864; wounded May 5; disch. Jan. 1, 1866. Burke, Thomas, Co. D; must. March 18, 1864; killed May 6, 1864. Capsidy, Edward, Co. D ; must. March 10, 1864 ; wounded May 8 ; discharged. Cook, Charles F., Co. D ; must. Feb. 28, 1865. Goodwin, David L., Co. D ; must. Dec. 3, 1864. Grover, Amos G., Co. D ; must. Feb. 28, 1865. Hutchinson, Granville H., Co. D; must. Jan. 28, 1865. Higgins, James, Co. D; must. March 10, 1864. Hogan, Martin, Co. D ; must. March 10, 1864; discharged. Moran, Michael, Co. D ; must. March 10, 1804; disch., June 13, 1865. Tully, Thomas, Co, D ; must. March 10, 1804 ; pro. to Corp., 1864. Coburn, William H, Co. E ; must. March 8, 1865; disch. June 2, 1865. Osgood, George, Co. E; must. March 7, 1865 ; died May 22, 1865. Small, Howard M., Co. E ; must. March 6, 1865 ; disch. July 7, 1865. Keith, James, Co. F ; must. March 8, 1864 ; wounded May 8; discharged. Leighton, James, Co. F ; must. March 3, 1864 ; wounded May S ; discharged. Waterhouse, Natlianiel F., Co. F ; must. March 3,1864; trans, to Co. G, July, 1865; pro. to Corp. and sergt. Cole, Osgood, Co. G; must. Sept. 29,1862; wounded Nov. 16, 1864. Deering, Arnold J., Co. H ; must. March 4, 1864 ; wounded May 5 ; disch. Jan. 6, 1865. Forbes, Benjamin F., Co. H; must. Feb. 26, 1804; wounded May 5; died June 1, 1864. Hopkins, George E,, Co. H ; must. March 20, 1805. McElroy, Matthew M., Co. H; must. Feb. 26, 1864. Wood, Fred. B.,Co. H; must. March 20, 1866; died Juue 19, 1866. Thompson, Thomas, Co. H; must. March 16, 1864; disch. by Order No. 77. Towusend, Lysauder, must. July 14, 1863; disch. by Order No. 77. Wood, Fred. B., Co. 11 ; must. March 20, 1865 ; died June 19, 1865. Walker, Orrin E., Co. H; must. Marcli 9, 1864; wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Walker, Charles H., Co. H ; must. March 9, 1864; killed in battle. May 8. Carey, Michael, Co. K; must. Aug. 30, 1864; disch. 1S64. Gonzales, Manuel, Co. K ; must. Aug. 30, 1864; disch. June 9, 1865. Knight, Augustus S., Co. K ; mvist. March 15, 1865; pro. to Corp. Wallace, Franklin, Co. K ; must. Jan. 5, 1865 ; disch. by Order No. 77. TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Mustered in Sept. 29, 1862; discharged July 10, 1863. Edward B. Furbish, chaplain. George 0. Goss, sergt.-raaj. Freeman E. Clark, q.m. sergt. Charles P. Graves, band ; must. Sept. 30, 1802. Charles G. Miluer, band ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. COMPANY A. Sergeants, Edward C. Swett, Charles B. Shaw; corporals, Charles 0. Cole, Cbas. E. Somerby, George P. Gross, Luther W. Dana, George W. Lowell, Frederick A. Prince, Albert H. Gale; musicians, Charles Flemmings, Horace 0. Davis; privates, Charles C. Akerman, Frank E. Allen, Egbert Andrews, John W. Babb, Hiram H. Bass, Granville Batchelder, Joseph H. Bond, Nicholas E. Boyd (pro. to Corp.), James E. Brackett, Joseph E. Bryant, Josiali Burnbam, Benjamin F. Cary, Francis E. Chase (detached in q ni. dept.), Howard B. Chase, George Chamberlain, Francis H. Coffin (q.m. dept. clerk), George H. Davis, John C. Dennis, Henry M. Dodge, Frank H. Eaton (q.m. dept.), John A. Emery (q.m. dept.), Geo. L. Fickett, John T. Foster, William A. Hall, William M. HaTison, George F. Harding, Hanson M. Hart, Joshua B. Hobbs, Richard Jones, Edward S. Kimball, Bradford D. Kimball, Edgar B. Kimball, Daniel F. Knights, Claudius Lane, John W. Lane, William H. Lovell, Samuel M. Marston, Frederic McCulloch, Nelson A. Merrill, Alonzo M. Mullett, John H. B. Morrill, Frederick A. Motley, John L. Motley, Thomas Mayo, Henry I. Nelson, Wm. L. Newton, Woodin G. Norris, Frank M. Ordway, Francis S. Oxnard, George H. Pearson, Leonard Perry, Albert S. Quincy, Charles Eich, Lewis U, Kobiusnn, Walter S. Rowe, Samuel D. Safford, John F. Sheehan, Edward P. Staples, Robert Storey, Edward H. Tobey, Lawrence P. Varnum, Harrison T. Whipple, Thomas L. Wills, John Williamson (detached at Camp A. Lincoln Hospital). COMPANY B. Sergeants, Edward G. Scboonmaker, George H. McKenney (wagon-master), John D. Hademan, Charles B. Strout, Charles K. Waterhouse; corporals, Jas. A. Tracy, Byron Leighton, Benjamin Bishop, George F. Coe, Amos Libby (died Nov. 26, 1862), Frederick W. Hatch, Augustus H. Prince; musician, Charles A. Ring; privates, Cyrus W. Buck, John W. Chamberlin, George W. Crosby, Charles C. Douglass, Edward W. Ellis, George M. Floyd, Chas. B. Hall, William Hall, Obadiah Laurette, Jonathan B. Leighton, Alonzo E. Long (must. Oct. 9, 1862), James E. Marshall, Charles T. Movers, Alonzo M. Turner, Emery 0. Walker COMPANY F. Musician, Horace M. Davis; Frank W. Blanclianl (not mustered), John W. Downing (not mnsteredj, COMPANY H. Sergeants, WilUam S. Brooks, Alfred H. Whitmore, Charles S. Jordan, Alnion L. Chase ; corporals, Henry H. Wescott, William A. Steele, Joseph Maun, 54 George F. Hitchings, Jr., John McLeod; privates, Charles W. Burnham, Edward Burnham, William Burnham, Charles W. Bond (must. Oct. 7, 1802). Henry Bowman (must. Oct, 8, 18621, John W. flickering, Juilion K. Clark, James H. Cnrti.^, Frank Densier, Ralph H. Gammon, Andrew Goodwin, George F. Henderson, John Henderson (must. Oct. 8, 1862; enl. in U. S. Army, Nov, 24, 1862), James R. Hillor, William Howard, John R. Hughes, Charles G. Jackson, George H. Jowett, George W, Kelly, Justin Libby, Cliarloa McDuffee (disch. Oct. 14, 1862), James Mcgquire, James Meol i (must. Oct, 11, 1802). Jefferson II. Merrow, Charlee G. Mllner (trani. to regimental band), Joseph B. Parsons, Joseph Partington (must. Oct. 6, 1862), William Bay, William H. Richards (disch. for disabiUty, Feb. 7, 1862), .Joseph H. Russell (must. Oct. 2, 1862), Joseph E. Sawyer, Edward Shields (must, Oct. 15, 1862), Moses C. Smith. COMPANY L Privates, Elisha Dyer, Franklin E. Emery, John Harrington, John McCuen, Paschal M. Sawyer, David Smith, Jr., Henry N. Smith, William St. John, George A. Thompson. COMPANY K. Sergeant, John H. Frasier; privates, George C. Davis, Henry Forest, Martin Hyer (must. Oct. 4, 1S02), James R. Williams. TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTEY. Murch, Owen A., Co. C; must. Sept. 30, 1862; disch. July 7, 1862. Steadfast, Thomas S., Co. C; must. Oct. 14, 1862 ; disch. July 7, 1863. Skillings, Daniel, musician, Co. C; must. Sept. 30, 1862; disch. July 7, 186.1. TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY— VETERANS. Mustered in Dec. 17, 1863 ; discharged Juno 21, 1860, Alpheus L. Green, sergt.-maj. ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co, K. Cornelius D. Maynord, q.m. sergt., disch. with the regiment at the end of the COMPANY A. Hoyt, George H,, must. Aug. 17, 1802; disch. for disability, June 25, 186». Wilkinson, William W,, must. Aug, 18, 1802; reported killed at Antictam. COMPANY B. Smith, Henry M., trans, from Co. C; pro. to 1st sergt.; pro. to lieut. and trans, Warner, David G., must. Sept. 18, 1864; disch. with regiment. COMPANY C. Charles E. Jordan, James E. Mitchell, sergts. Henry M. Smith, sergt., pro. to 2d lieut., 1865. William A. Sanborn, corp., trans, to Vet. Res. Corporals. Niles A. Hanson, Corp., detached. Charles W. Stevens, George W. Libby, corps. Jacob J. Hammond, musician, pro. to chief musician of regimoiit. Annis, Horace W. Boothby, Isaac T., disch. for disability. May 30, 1806. Brown, John J., drowned May 6, 1864. Brown, Charles L,, wounded Oct, 19,1864. Baker, Charles P., woun*ed Oct. 19, 1864. Coburn, George E.; Clnskey, Peter. Devine, Anthony, wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Gibson, Robert, must. Nov. 17, 1863. Hall, Daniel E., missing in battle, April 19, 1864. Hall, Stewart B., disch. for disability, April 20, 1864. Haskell, Frederick G., wounded Oct. 19. Hntton, Spencer F., wounded Oct. 19; died Oct. 30, 1861. Knight, George E., trans, to Navy, 1865. Lee, William A., must. Nov. 17, 1863. Libby, William S,, must. Nov. 17 ; disch. for disability, April 5, 1S66. McGee, James D., must. Nov. 17 ; ilisch. Oct. 7, 1866. Mason, Edwin, must. Nov. 17 ; died at Philadelphia Hospital, Nov. 14, 1864. Morse, William, must. Nov, 17. Bobbins, Amasa B. Bowe, Edmund, wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Sweat, Alonzo F. ; Smith, John A. Scott, John A., pro, to sergt,, 1865. St. John, William E., trans, to commissary department. Warren, William H. Young, John, disch. for disability, Juno 30, 1864. Knight, George B., must. Feb. 10, 1865; disch. Jan. 18, 1806. COMPANY E. Mustered in Nov. 13, 1863. Henry A. Plumnier, sergt., died Sept. 29, 1864. Simon A. Loveitt, sergt., pro. to Ist sergt. Frank E. Brown, sergt., reduced. George C. Kennedy, Corp., disch. for disability. May 13, 1864. William T Haskell, corp., wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Charies H. Sastroff, corp., reduced, 1864. Edwin M Locke, musician ; detached as b. q. ordoriy. Aldridge, Hanson ; Bisbee, Elisha T. ; Burnham, Lorenz. T, ; CurUs, J.m« 0.; Cha«e, Isaac C; Clark, William. 426 HISTOKY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. CoIIey, .losepli F., pro. to corp. ; dropped from rolls, March 1, 1866. Dyer, Franklin, pro. to corp. Hopkins, Jonathan C. ; Haskell, William T. ; Hoyt, Benjamin G. David T. ; Hodsdon, Mahlon S. Hutchings, William H., died May 20, 1864. Jenkins, George F., trans, to Vet. Rea. Corps, 1864. Lynds, George W., taken prisoner, April 19, 1864 ; exchanged. Larrnbee, Alfred H., wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Lowry, William. Marion, Samuel S., detached. Millikon, John S., wounded at Cedar Creek; died Oct. 20, 1804. Moore, Alfred S., pro. to corp. and aergt., 1864. O'Brien, Timothy, dropped, March 1,1866. Pearson, Charles H., wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Poor, George H. Shaw, William M., detached, division headquarters. Smith, Charles G., taken prisoner April 8, 1864. Stevens, James E., pro. to corp., 1865. Soule, Keuben H. Trask, Charles H., disch. for disability. May 16, 1866. Webber, George T.; Winslow, Charles F. Winslow, Jo.seph, pro. to sergt. COMPANY F. Mustered in Nov. 13, 1863. rp., disch. May 7, 1806. irp., pro. to sergt. Joseph W. Morse, c Lewis E. Pearson, ( Burke, Edward. Burke, William T., died Aug. 31, 1804, Carey, Turner; Clancey. James ; Duston, William C. Elder, Samuel, taken prisoner April 10, 1864. Giles, John M.; Gibson, Robert; Lee, William A.; Mulaihy, Willis Washington; O'Neil, Lanty ; Smellage, George W. COMPANY G. Green, William H., died May 30, 1864. Locke, Frederick A., detached 1864. Fox, The COMPANY H. , t;iken prisoner, Aug. 12, 1864; ne :■ returned. COMPANY I. Smith, Harrison W., sergt.; must. Dec. 16, 1803; disch. May 21, 1806. Glcndcnning, John G., must. Dec. 16, 1863. Glenn, William, must. Dec. 16, 1863. Hall, Lewis L., must. Dec. 12, 1863. Hall, Enoch L., must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; disch. for disability, April 2, 1866. Snow, Israel T., must. Sept, 18, 1802 ; pro, to corp. ; wounded Oct. 19, 1804. COMPANY K. Dana, Woodbury K., must. Nov. 13, 1803 ; detached as ordnance clerk. THIBTIETH INFANTRY. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1805. F. Larrabee, sergt.-major, must. Jan. 9, 1864. * Charl Kdward M, Gammon, veteran, cli COMPANY C. Mustered in Dec. 19, 1803. Cobb, Edward S., veteran. Fowler, Edwin, trans. 1864; wounded. Mcloi, James, veteran. Nason, William M. Griffin, William, must. Sept, 24, 1864. Hennessey, Daniel, must. Sept, 23, 1864, Moor, Eleazer, prisoner; died Juue 16, 1S04. COMPANY D. Deane, Frederick A., must. Jan. 9, 1804; pro. to sergt. Hopkins, Aaron, must. Sept. 9, 1864. Kelley, Lawrence, must. Sept. 14, 1864. Mullius, John, must. Sept. 6, 1864; disch. June 1, 1865. Murphy, Patrick, must. Sept. 6, 1864; disch. June 1, 1865. Roberts, John, must. Aug. 2, 1864. Shirley, Henry M., must. Oct. 6, 1864. Welch, William, must. Oct. 5, 1804. COMPANY E. Brown, Ezokiol, veteran ; must. Dec. 12, 1863; killed April 23, 1804. Bernard, Charles, must. July 20, 1864. Doughty, Julius H., must. Oct. 8, 1864. Lee, Charles H., must. Aug. 18, 1804. Searles, William, must. Aug. 5, 1864. Watson, John, must. Sept. 13, 1864. COMPANY F. Mustered in Dec. 29, 1803. John N. Tyler, sorgt. ; veteran ; reduced, 1864. Emery 0. Walker, sergt. ; wounded April 23 ; pro. Ist i Thomas W. Uurke, sergt. rgt., 1804. Charles W. Bond, corp. Anglin, William; Bowman, Henry. Bradin, Patrick, disch. June 5, 1865. Emery, William, died March ,5, 1865, while on the march. Fowler, Charles, S. Lown, John E., killed April, 8, 1801. Lamphiu, Gilman H., veteran ; died in rebel ]irisoM, April 15, 1864. McGregor, Morton, disch. June 10, 1805. McLeese, David, diecli. Sept. 11, 1805. Marsh, James. Palmer, Eugene S., pro, musician. Smith, Henry N., wounded April 23, 1804. Chamberlain, John W., must. Sept. 5, 1804 ; disch. June 1, 1805. Floyd, George M., must. Aug. 0, 1804. Tirrell, John A., must. May 15, 1864 ; died Feb. 5, 1865. COMPANY G. Currier, Charles E., must. Aug. 1, 1804. Gorman, Michael, must. July 21, 1864. St. Julien, Eli, must. Sept. 20, 1864. COMPANY I. Mustered in Jan. 6, 1864. Sergeant, Martin Hyer (must, .Ian, 12, 1804); corporals, William Bowles (must, Jan, 12, 1864), William Constable, Cyrus B, Winslow, John McCune, Henry L. Allen; musicians, Fred, A, Motley, Daniel Skillings; privates, William C, Blades, William Butler, James Brennen, John Bowles, Stephen D, Delande, William Gulliver, William W, Garland, Charles Gilman, Horatio B, Hadly, James A, Haley, John H, Jones, Llewellyn Jones, John Shehan, Charles A, Thompson, Michael C. Welch, Thomas Wood (must. Jan. 12, 1864), Edwin Fowler, George W. Ham, John McElroy (must. Oct. 12, 1864), John Quirk (must. Sept. 8, 1864). COMPANY K. Partington, Joseph. Pyrett, Henry, must. Jan. 12; trans, to Vet, Res, CoriB, Rolfe, Benjamin F., must, Jiin. 14, isr,4. THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY, Discharged July 15, 1865, COMPANY C, Abbott, Clarence L,, must. March 23, 1864. Claughlin, Bartholomew, must. March 23, 1864. Cole, Francis, must. March 23, 1804. Doran, Michael, must. March 23, 1864; prisoner; exchanged. Dodge, John H., must. March 23, 1864; wounded May 12, 1804; di»cb. March 24, 1865. Horiston, Henry C, m\ist. March 23, 1804; wounded June 3, 1864 ; disch. Feb. 20, 1865. Maley, John, must. March 23, 1864; wounded May 18; disch. March 23, 1865. McGuire, John, must. March 23, 1864. Rafter, Edward, must, March 23, 1864; wounded May 12; disch. June 10, 1805. Sargent, William H., must. April 21, 1864; pro. to corp. and sergt. Wheelock, George I. J., must. April 21, 1864. Work, John, must. March 23, 1864; wounded and taken prisoner; disch. June 6, 1865. COMPANY H. Carl, Charles E., must. April 21, 1864; pro. to corp. and sergt. Daley, James,' must. April 21, 1864. Hynes, Michael, must. April 21, 1864; disch. April 22, 1865. Hnghes, William, must. April 21, 1864. COMPANY K. Mackin, Joseph F., mu.st. April 21, 1804, as veteran, Farrell, Edward, must. May 6, 1804, Jones, Edward, must May 6, 1864; woundi-,1. Ross, Samuel C, must. May 6, U'*!^, THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Consolidated with 31st Maine by order of Dec, 1, 1864, COMPANY A, Norwood, Chester, must, March 3, 1864, Runnels, Frederick G,, must, March 3, 1864, Richards, George W,, must, March 3, 1864, Sullivan, John, must, March 3, 1864, COMPANY C, BealB, Thomas P., must, March 23, 1864; vet. sergt. ; pro. to Ist lieut. Co. H. Abbott, Clarence !<., mu.st. March 23, 1804; wounded May 12, 1864. Cole, Francis C, must. March 23, 1864. Curran, John, must. March 23, 1864. Chamberlain, Prescott, must. March 23, 1S64 ; w..urided May l.s, 1S04, (;hild8, Thomas, must. March 23, 1864. Doran, Michael, must. May 23, 1864; w.uinded and taken prisoner. May 12, 1864. Dodge, John H., must. March 23, 1864; wounded and taken prisoner, May 12, 18fi4. ROSTEK OP SOLDIERS. 427 Hussey, Henry A,, must. March 23, 1864; killBil on pickel, .)niifi 20, 1864. Ilorrick, Rufus W., must. March 2i, 1864. Maley, John, must. March 2:S, 1864; wounded July 18, 1864. McGuire, Chas., must. March 2:i, 1864; wounded May 18, 1864; died of wounds. McGuire, Johu, must. March 23, 1864. Rafter, Edward, must. March 23, 1864; wounded May 12, 1864. Shaw, Edward H., must. Marcli 23, 1864; died at Phihidelphia, April 25, 1864. Work, Jno., must. Marcli 23, 1864; wounded and taken prisoner. May 12, 1864. Sargent, William H., must. April 21, 1864. Wheelock, tieorge I. J., mu-t. April 21, 1864. COMPANY I. Tyler, Jacob E., sergt., must. April 21, 1864; discli. Dec. 12, 1864. Earle, Charles E., Corp., must. April 21, 1864. Hackett, Samuel W., Corp., nmst. April 21, 1864; disch. Dec. 12, 1864. Mackim, Joseph F., veteran, Corp., must. April 21, IS64. Daly, Thomas, must. April 21, 1864. Holbrook, James 0., must. May 10, 1864. Hughes, William, must. April 21, 1864. COMPANY K. nust. May 6,1804; killed at Peter July 30, 18B4. Flannegan, Ja Farrell, Edward, must. Mny 6, 1864; taken prisoner. Jones, Edward, must. May 6, 1864; wounded June 20, 1.S64. Lee, George H., must. May 6, 1864; discU. Sept. 22, 1S64. Ross, Samuel C, must. May 6, 1864; taken prisoner, July 30, 1864. SHARPSHOOTERS. COMPANY A. . D of 2d Unite.l Stales Sharpsliooters. Disbanded Feb. 18, 1865. St. Nov. 2, 1861; disch. for wounds, June 1, 1862. i 24, 1862. Afterw 1st Maine Chandler, Reuben, Jr. rp.; tra . to 2d U. S. Sharp- to Corp., sergt., and 2d li< uded .May 6, 1864. I Pratt, Frank H., must. Nov. 2, 1861 ; disch. Jul Rounds, John H,, must. Nov. 2, 1861 ; pro. to c shooters, Dec. 25, 1863. Cumuiings, Daniel L., must. Nov. 7, 18G1; pro. 1862. Hannegan, David D., must. Feb. 22, 1864; won Keenan, John, must. Feb. 22, 1861. Landers, James, must. Feb. 22, 1804. O'Donnell, John, must. Feb. 22, 1864. FIRST MAINE CAVALRY. Mustered out Nov. 25, 1864; recruits and men from 1st District of Columbia Cavalry; mustered out Aug. 1, 1865. Bustice C. Bigelow, q.m. sergt., must. Oct. 31, 1861 ; pio. to 2d lieut. Co. F; to rank from Oct. 31, 1862. COMPANY B. Sargent, John A., must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Jidy 19, 1862. Cohh, Charles H., must. July 26, 1862; prisoner May 2, 1803; exchanged; wounded Aug. 10, 1864. Colley, Charles H., sergt., must. Feb. 20, 1864 ; trans, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Brackett, James W., Corp., must. Feb. 2(1,1804; trans, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Lausom, Edwin B., Corp., from District of Columbia Cavalry ; nnist. Feb. 20, 1864. Moore, Thomas, corp., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Ross, George H., Corp., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Cappers, Osgood, Corp., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Cidumbia Cavalry. Newbold, Andrew D., must. Feb. 20, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Noyes, Clarence, must. Feb. 20,1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Pottle, William, bugler, re-onlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Robinson, Lewis G., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavaliy Small, Clement P., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Silver, John E., must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. York, Charles, must. Feb. 20, 1864, from District ol Columbia Cavalry. COMPANY C. Pattou, Stephen W., must. Oct. 20, 1861 ; disch. July 9, 1862. Hardinbrook, Charles W.,mu8t. Feb. 8, 1864, from District of Columbia Cav- alry ; wounded. COMPANY D. Latham, Charles F., Corp., mu.st. March 1, 1864, from Disti ict of Columbia Cav- alry ; taken prisoner. Pierce, George A., must. Jan. 12, 1864 ; prisoner ; Vistrict of Columbia Cavalry. Richards, William H., must. March 8,1804; prisoner; District of Columbia Cavalry. Soule, George A., must. March 8,1864; prisoner; District of Columbia Cavalry. Timnions, Charles E.. must. March 10, 1864; prisoner; District of Columbia Cavalry. Merrill, E. P., 1st lieut, prisoner ; from District of Columbia Cavalry. COMPANY E. Scott, Hiram, must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; died at Back Creek, Va., April 24, 1862. Goddaril, Charles, must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. for disability, Jan. 0, 1802. Hicks, Bcnj. C, must. Aug. 21, 1862 ; taken prisoner June 9, 1863 ; exchanged. sergt., must. Fob. 8, 1864, from District of Colun Thayer, John D., sergt Hill, Joseph C, Corp., n ing in battle, Ju Brennan, Patrick, mus Whitmore, Alfred H., Cavalry. Richiirdson, Osco, must. Aug. 20, 1802 ; pro. to coiii. ; pro. to sergt. ; killed Oct. 27, 1864. Green, Frank W., sergt., District of Columbia Cavalry, must. Feb. 2,1864; wounded Oct. 27, 1864. Hall, Dana M., sergt., must. Jan. 28, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. True, George W., sergt., must. Feb. 12, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. iiusl. Feb. 12, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. St. Feb. 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry ; miaa- I 28, 1864. Feb. 10, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Blake, Horace P., must. Dec. 10, 1863, from District of Columbia Cavaliy. Chase, Samuel S., must. Jan. 30, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Capen, Charles W., must. Dec. 18, 1863, from Dii-trict of Columbia Cavalry. Davis, Charles N., must. Fob. 3, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Elliott, John 0., must. Feb. 4, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Goo, Peter G., must. Feb. 1, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Howard, William, must. Feb. 10, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Horrie, Thomas L., must. Jan. 10, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Herbert, James, must. Feb. 10, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Hermann, Christian S., must. Jan. 26, 1864, from District of Columbia Cjivalry. Jones, John, must. Feb. 12, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Leslie, Henry H., must. Feb. I, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. McKenney, William H., must. Feb. 4, 1864, from Dintrictof Coluuibia Cavalry. Meserve, James H., must. Feb. 0, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry; miss- ing in action, Sept. 10, 1864. McDuffle, Charles, must. Feb. 8, 1864, from District of Coluuibia Cavalry. Meriiit, James II., must. Feb. 12, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Marks, Augustus, saddler, must. Feb. 12, 1864, from District of Columbia Cav- alry ; missing in action, June 28, 1864. Wilber, Rufus A., must. Jan. 26, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. COMPANY F. Mustered in Oct. 19, 1801. . to eorii. July 1, 186:i; trans, to rp. July 1, 1863; taken prisoner !-enl. Dec. 31, 1803. Eveleth, Melviu N., must. July 30, 1862 ; pr brigade headquarters. Merrill,John H.,must. Aug. 4, 1862; pro. to c June 21 ; exchanged. Paine, Richard H., must. Aug. 11, 1862; detached 1864. Harris, William, sergt. ; pro. to 1st sergt. and 2d lieut in 1802. Lowell, Albert, Corp. ; reduced ; disch. for disability, Nov. 30, 1862. Johnson, Walter, corp. ; reduced. Hallowell, H. F., wagoner; reduced; detached 1863; re-enlisted; detached at brigade headquarters. Dam, Charles F., appointed bugler, 1862; detached. Dodge, R. L., disch. for disability, Dec. 31, 1S62. Harris, Elisha De Wolf, pro. to Corp.; pro. to sergt.; Heald, Edwin, disch. for disability, Jan. 9, 1802. Jackson, Samuel H. Jackson, John B., disch. for disability, Jan. 15, 1803. Jordan, Hiram C, disch. lor disability, Nov. 11, 1802. Mason, J. W., died at Washington, Jan. 16, 1864. Plummor, Jere S., disch. for disability, May 9, 1862. Phelps, George W., wounded Sejit. 14 ; died Sept. 22, 1862. Skillings, Albert C, appointed bugler July 1, 1863; disch. Nov. 15, 1864. Skillings, C. W., pro. to Corp. January, 1803; missing in battle, Oct. 12, 1863. Sylvester, Charles H., trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Shaw, Daniel W., detached to Invalid Corps. Tewksbury, George D., disch. Nov. 26, 1801. Carling, Michael, must. Dec. .6, 1803, from District of Colu prisoner March 1, 1864. Smith, Wendell T., must. Sept. 4, 1864, from District of Coin at David's Island, N. Y. COMPANY G. Fessenden, Nathaniel S., must. Nov. 13, 1863. McKay, John, must. Jan. 18, 1864. Piper, Nathaniel, must. Nov. 12. 1863. nbia Cavalry; nbiaCavalr Crosby, George W., Dow, Albion K. P., McKusick, Benjaniii Wiuslow, William A bia Cavalry. Kimball, Cliallos A., Moulton, Charles E., TiLbotts, Byron T., COMPANY H. nust. Feb. 23, 1864, from District of Columbia Cjivalry. nust. March 8, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry n F., must. March 8, 1864, from District of Columbia Cav. ., musician, must. March 8, 1804, from District of Colum- COMPANY I. nust. Dec. 2(i, 1863; missing Sept. 24, 1864. nust. Feb. 5, 1864, frot St. Fob. 16, 1884. I District of (Columbia Cavalry, Webber, Thomas C, cupt., must. Fob. 23, 1804, from District of Columbia Cav. COMPANY K. Hamilton, Cliarle.s E., must. Aug. 23, 1862; trans, as orderly to Gen. IVul ; wounded and Uken prisoner; exchanged; discharged. Smith, Windsor B., must. Aug. 23, 1802; pro. to Corp. July I, ISKl; pro. lo sergt. and q.m. sergt.; taken prisoner. 428 HISTORY OP CUMBEKLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Aloxftndor, Chelis A., must. Feb. 16, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Crosby, Diivid, must. Jan. 10, 1804, from Uistriit of Columbia Cavalry ; missing in battle, Sept. 10, 1804. Cobb, George, bllgler, must. Jan. 16, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry '• taken prisoner. Davis, Hoiace 0., must. Feb. ID, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Dyer, Stover G., must. Jan. 16, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavali-y. Gilpatrick, Jesse L., must. Feb. 16, 1804, from Distiict of Columbia Cavalry. Jong, Thojuas J., must. Feb. 10, 1864, from District of CoUuubia Cavalry. COMPANY L. liauBon, Elbridge M., wagoner, must. Feb. 10, 1804, from District of Columbia Cavalry. COMPANY M. Albert C. DaTn,B6rgt., must. Feb. 16, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Hiram T. Cook, sergt., must. Feb. 10, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Jeremiah S. Douglass, sergt., must. Feb. 10, 1864, from Distiict of Columbia Cavalry. Edward E. Chase, Corp., must. Feb. 16, 1864, from District of Columbia Cav. George C. Sabine, Corp., must. Feb. 10, 1864, from District of Columbia Cav. ; prisoner. Cotter, Thomas, must. Jan. 25, 1864, from District of Columbia Cavalry. Robinson, Elijah, must. Feb. 16, 1664, from District of Columbia Cavalry. SECOND MAINE CAVALRY. Cables, Robert B., Co. A; must. Oct, 17, 1804 ; disch. Aug. 'i9, 1804. Sawyer. Jones W., Co. B; must. Nov. :i(l, 186:!; discli. Dec. 6, 1805. Warner, Frank, Co. B; must. Nov. 30, 186:i. Burke, Abel, Co. B ; must. Nov. 30, 1864. Hall, William H., Co. B; must. Nov. 30, 1863; disch. June 13, 1864. Andrews, Frank, Co. D ; must. Dec. 9, 1803 ; disch. Dec. 6, 1865. Barker, Daniel W., Co. D ; must. Dec. 8, 1863 ; died Sept. 20, 1863. Burns, Charles, Co. D; must. Dec. 8, 1863. Donahoe, Peter, Co. D ; must. Dec. 8, 1863 j disch. for disability, Oct. 8, 1864. Grinnell, Williston, Co. D; must. Dec. 8, 1863 ; pro. Corp. ; disch. Dec. 6, 1865. O'Neal, Henry, Co. D ; must. Dec. 8, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1864. Wilson, John, Co. D ; must. Dec. 8, 186.3. Brackelt, peorge, Co. G ; must. Dec. 11, 1863 j trans, to Navy. Trowbridge, Charles S., Co. G ; must. Dec. 11, 1863 ; trans, to Navy. Bolton, James K., Co. L ; must. Dec. 24, 1863 ; died in hospital, Sept. 25, 1864. MOUNTED ARTILLERY. FIRST BATTERY. Mustered in Dec. 18, 1861, for three years. H. A. M. Quinn, sergt, died at New Orleans, Ang. 10, 1862. Moses Clough, coi-p. M. S. McDonald, Corp., reduced; disch. for disability in 1862. Cornelius B. Cooe, Corp. James Huntress, Corp., died at New Orleans, Aug. 20, 1862. Thomas Curran, corp., re-enl. Jan. 1, 1865. Newman, Andrew P., made artificer in 1862; disch. for disability, Feb. 1, 1863. Murphy, Jeremiah, made artificer in 1862 ; disch. for disability, April 9, 1803. Anderson, Andrew. Berg, Henry 0., disch. for disability, Aug. 15, 1862 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Conway, Joseph, disch. for disability, April 9, 1803. ■ Cummings, Stephen ; Donald, P. 0. Johnson, Charles, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1804. Johnson, John, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1804 ; killed in battle, Oct. 19, 1804. McCarty, Timothy, pro. to sergt. McCaun, Daniel, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; pro. corp. .Manning, James, killed on the Boston and Lowell Riiilroad in 1802. Mathews, James. Nugent. John, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. UiueBeld, Simon, disch. for disability, Aug. 15, 1802. Robinson, John. Sullivan, Daniel, killed on the Boston and Lowell Railroad in 1802. Shields, Edward, disch. for disability, Aug. 15, 1862. Sellar, William, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Duval, Claude. Chase, James N., must. Jan. 1, 1864. Hosey, George B., musician, must. Dec. 18, 1862. Smith, John. Thompson, John, appointed bugler in 1862; re-enl. .Ian. 1, 1804. Ileidleman, Robert, died at Now Orleans, Nov. 2, 1862. Gotfny, James R. Bond, Edwin F., pro. to sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Fuller, Benjamin C, must. Jan. 1, 1804. Gillespie, John, must. Jan. 1, 1804. Hall, Frederick, must. Jan. 1, 1864. McCormick, Maurice, must. Jan. 1, 1864. McDonald, Peter, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. McNaniara, Joseph, re-enl.. Ian. 1, 1864. Norton, William, re-enl. Jan. I, 1864. Prentice, L. M., re-enl. Jan. 1, 1804. Whitlock, Henry J., re-eid. Jan. 1, 1804. Yansic, John, re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Ackerman, Charles C, must. Feb. 29, 1864. Burnham, Charles N., must. Feb. 25, 1804. Black, Thomas, must. April 7, 1864. Boyce, Patrick H., must. Feb. 16, 1864. Curran, Michael, must. Feb. 10, 1864. Cummings, Richard P., must. Feb. 10, 1864. Cragin, Jeremiah, must. Feb. 29, 1864. Daly, Michael B., must. Feb. 10, 1864. Doherty, Frauds J., must. March 2, 1864; wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Duherty, .lames, must. Feb. 10, 1864 ; wounded Oct. 19, 1804. Devine, Thomas M., must. April 12, 1864 ; wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Fisher, William, must. Jan. 1, 1864. Kennard, Charles 0., must. Aug. 28, 1862 ; pro. artificer in 1863. Tbomiison, Thomas M. English, John, must. March 29, 1864. Francis, Horatio N., must. Feb. 24, 1864. Fuller, Benjamin C, must. Jan. 1, 1864. Golden, Philip E., must. Feb. 1, 1804. Hall, Stillman, must. Feb. 29, 1864. Kerrigan, Patrick, must. Feb. 25, 1864. Levitt, Charles, must. April 15, 1864. McKoan, Patrick, must. February, 1864 ; wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Monclian, Jon. Nellis, James, must. March 29, 1864; taken prisoner Oct. 19, 1864. Netson, William E., must. Feb. 27, 1864; wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Pratt, James, must. Feb. 17, 1864. Quinby, Oliver B., must. Feb. 24, 1864. Rafferty, Thomas, must. Feb. 24, 1864. Thompson, Joseph, must. April 6, 1864. SECOND BATTERY. Mustered out July 15, 1865. Banks, William S., must. Dec. 28, ISOl ; died March 7, 1862. Lovell, Henry C, must. Dec. 14, 1801 ; disch. for wounds, April 8, 1803. McDonald, Ambrose, must. Dec. 28, 1861. Chamberlain, Charies B., must. Jan. 20, 1864. Stinson, Nathaniel, must. Jan. 25, 1864. FOURTH BATTERY. Mustered out June 17, 1865. Brown, James, must. Oct. 10, 1804. Cornell, Quinlon, must. Dec. 21, 1864; wounded September 28. Donaldson, Thomas, must. Oct. 10, 1864. French, Thomas F., must. Sept. 20, 1864. Friars, Barney, must. Oct. 10, 1864. Goodwin, James H., must. Sept. 20, 1864. Henry, Hugh, must. Oct. 7, 1864. McKay, Alexander, must. Jan. 15, 1864. Moore, John, must. Dec. 28, 1803. Maxwell, William A., must. Nov. 21, 1803 ; trans, to Navy. Rogers, Flarrety, must. Dec. 15, 1863. Seabot, John H., must. Jan. 21, 1864; trans, to Navy. FIFTH BATTERY. Mustered Dec. 4, 1861 ; discharged July 6, 1865. George E. Freeman, sergt., wounded at Manassas ; died. Aunis Kimball, wagoner. Brown, John A., corp., must. Dec. 21, 1861 ; pro. to sergt., 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps. Clapp, Andrew J., re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Dennison, George, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1803. Gammon, William W., disch. for disability, Dec. 10, 1863. Harmon, Algernon S., re-enl. Jan. 4, 1804; detached. Marston, Joseph L., appointed forage-master, 1802, wagon-master, 1863. McRae, Andrew, corp., pro. to sergt. ; disch. for disability, Feb. 18, 18G4. Murphy, John, artificer, re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Seymour, Henry D., pro. to sergt.; taken prisoner; exchanged. Smith, Thomas J., disch. 1862. Thompson, E. R. L., pro. to corp. Woods, John, must. Jan. 10, 1862; appointed guidon, 1802. Thompson, Eben, re-enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Walker, Archibald I. (!., must. March 3, 1864 ; wounded Oct. 19. Woods, Daniel, must. Feb. 23, 1864. Berry, William, must. Sept. 18, 1862. Casey, James, must. Aug. 28, 1862. Kelly, Patrick, must. Aug. 28, 1802. Kennard, Charles 0., must. Aug. 28, 1862. McGafferty, John, must. Sept. 18, 1862. Oleson, Charles W., must. Aug. 28, 1862; detached as hospital steward. O'Neil, Cornelius, niusl. Sept. 18, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville. Spaulding, Edward, must. Sept. 18, 1862; detached at Alexandria, Va., 1862. Witham, Charles C, must. Ang. 28, 1662; appointed bugler, 1863. Woods, Joseph, must. Sept, 18, 1862. SIXTH BATTERY. Mustered Jan. II, 1802 ; discharged June 17. 1865. Orville W. Merrill, sergt., pro. to 2d lieut. in 19th luf , 1862. Uardnor, Jeremiah, pro. to q.m. sergt., 1862; ro-onl. Feb. 8, 1864, aa artificer. ROSTER OP SOLDIERS. 429 McCut', Peter, taken prisoner at Manassas ; exchanged ; re-enl. Feli. 8, 1SG4. Trefethcn, Epps A.; Horr, Henry J. Gallison, W. H., pro. to Ist sergt.: must, as 2il lii'ut., June 22, 180:!. Cliarles E. Stubbs, cook, must. Jan. 25, 1862 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 17, 186i. Thursby, Samuel, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro. to lieut. ; wounded May 14, and died June 18,1884. Dow, Sterling, mnst. Sept. 25, 18G2; pro. to Corp., 1862, to q.m. sergt., 1863. Liicas, William, must. Feb. 24, 1804. Saxton, Peter, must. Feb. 19, 1864 ; wounded at Wilderness. Dean, John G., must. Sept. 3, 1862. HodgdoM, Robert, must. January, 1862; diach. March 31, 1862. SEVENTH BATTERY. Oummings, Robert, must. Sept. 28, 1864. Cram, Andrew L., must. Sept. 3U, 1864. Haskell, Alfred J., must. Oct. 4, 1864. Litclifleld, Oscar W., must. Oct. 4, 1864. Policy, Isaac F., must. Aug. 13, 1864. Savage, John T., must. Aug. .5, 1S61. UNITED STATES NAVY. William H. Alexander, Nathaniel P. Allen, Jolin Alex, C. Angellu, E. Aiken, Horace W. Annis, Andrew Allen, John Albion Andrews, Wm. Adams, Francis P. Andrews, William Abbott, Wm. Anderson, John .\ral. Peter Andrew, George G. Batchelder, Warren Badger, George Bailey, Miles J. Blake, John F. Blankingbuig, Edward Burke, Amos Beveridge, Hiram Brown, Chas. Bowman, H. Bridman, Joseph Baker, John H. Blake, Geo. Brown, Thomas Burns, David Black. J. R Briggs, Charles Brown, Patiick Burns, Tliomas Bra.ly, George E. Burbank, William Beebe, Henry C. Blanchard, James Bell, Cyrus H. Brown, John F. Brown, H. A. Brown, D. H. Brogdon, Lewis Bellows, John Broda, James P. Brown, E R. Bow- man, Horace Brewer, Robert M. Blair, Abijah Brown, James W. Bragg, Frederick B. Baxter, James Bright, D. M. Bond, Thomas Black, John P. Brown, William Beebe, Joel K. Brewer, Albert L. Boutelle, Eben Blake, Frank 8. Butler, Sylvanus Bailey, Fred. B. Buxtan, Pat- rick Brennan, John Cane, John W. Carey, Riciiard Carney, George Chaney, Samuel B. Clark, Albert W. Colby, George U. Cole, John Conley, David W. Cook, John Crowley, Stephen Cummings, Thomas Calligan, William Chambers, William Calson, James Cullen, Charles H. Cobb, John Campbell, William Cannan, .\ndrew C. Chick, James Casey, George L. Caswell, Nelson Crockett, Lyman Curtis, Francis Cousins, Tlios. Clark, Samuel Clinetf, James H. Grossman, Fiederick Columbia, James Curtis, John C. Cartis, Warren C. Cammett, J. W. Campbell, J. 11. Cooper, H. M. Carr, Charles H. Conant, William H. Caley, George Chadsey, Michael Cunningham, John R. Caten, Sanford Crawford, Edmund Coffin, John P. Coffin, William Cook, James Carlin, William H. Chadsey, Daniel Carnell, John Campbell, Thomas Coghlin, Samuel H. Chase, Charles Curran, J. Curran, Lyman Curtis, Nelson Crockett, S. F. Chaplin, Francis Carson, Francis A. Cobb, John Cavenaugh, William U. Colby, Aug. W. Chandler, William Churchill, Jas. Corcoran, Michael Connelly, Peter Dailey, Jere- miah Denavan, John Dennison, James Deering, Thomas Donnelly, Pat- rick Dotigher, G. P. Dodge, John Downey, John Damon, David Davis, Charles Deaneke, Watson G. Drinkwater, Charles Dolierty, Edward Do- herty, Joseph Davis, James Dunn, J. M. Dillingham, William H. W. G. Davis, James Dunn, William Dudley, John Doarty, Patrick Devon, John Dameron, Samuel Dutch, William C. Douglass, Sewell S. Day, Patrick Doherty, Thomiis Dixon, Wm. Dowling, Horace Estes, John R. Eaton, Thomas Emery, George S. T. Ellis, Christian P. Emgfer, G. Emmons, John Edwards, Charles E. Edwards, John Edson, Alvin Eastman, Josiah Ellett, William F. Elliot, John Erricson, James Farmer, Joseph Francis, James E. Fickett, John A. Flint, Horace B. Fogg, John Foster, Abner L. Foote, Richard Fuller, W. W. Furlong, Thomas Foye, Thomas Parity, George W. Frost, Ebenezer T. Foote, Wm. H. Frost, Rodger Fauglity, Joseph S. Pin- ley, Joseph G. Francis, Thomas Fox, Mayhew C. Foss, P. M. Fuller, Ed- mund Freeman, Simon N. Frost, James Forest, Frederick 0. Fales, Wil- liam A. Forsaith, Frederick Fenderson, Tliomas Flore, William M. Gage, Frank C. Gould, Edward A. Gove, Lawrence Griffin, Joseph Griffin, John Gannett, James Geeman, 11. W.Garland, Michael Gillen, John A. Griffin, James Gowan, Hiram C. Gage, Parkman Gardner, E. B. Oreenleaf, James Green, James W. Growy, Patrick Gillen, Octavius Garnoy, David S. Goodwin, Charles H. Hanson, Albert J. Haley, John B. Horten, John M. Herbert, John Hickey, Dennis Hickey, Edward Hiller, James E. Hodg- kins, Charles R. Hodgkins, Joseph H. Hodgkins, Wm. H. Hubbs, Robert Hudson, Harvey E. Hutchinson, Frank Holfman, Henry 0. Hare, Wood- bury Hill, Thomas Hayes, Washburn Hurd, Frederick W. Henderson, John A. Hyde, J. F. Haggett, Thomas Hodgdon, P. Harris, G. W. Horse- ford, George H. B. Howe, George Hamons, David Hennison, Thos. Hard- ing, Thoa. Hayden, Joseph H.Hilton, John Harrington, Eben Higgins, Allen Hawkins, Thomas Hayes, Albert J. Hight, James T. Hatch, Wm. H. Huntington, William Harmon, Martin Halligan, David Henry, Gar- rett 0. Heron, Deering Heard, Fred. E. Hutchins, John Jenkins, John Johnson, Charles Johnson, David H. Jones, Eleazor Jones, Joshua W. Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Charles G. Jones, Walter S. Jones, John J. Jones, John Jameson, Henry Johnson, James Jenkins, William Jones, J. W. C. Jackson, Daniel W. Jackson, Nathaniel Johnson, Jno. 0. James, Frederick Jordan, John Kane, Richard Kearney, Paul Kingsley, Thomas Kirhy, James Karman, Thomas Kelly, William Kelly, Edward Kelly, .I.din Kelly, Z.T. Knight, John Kerrigan, Samuel Kimball, Roht Keston, James Keeley, John Keofe, John Keullen, David Keoley, Bernard Kelly, William King, Isaac Kilpatrick, T. 0. Kiel, B. s. Kimball, William Kat«n, Heni-y Knight, Jae. Keo, William Larkin, Benj. Larraboc, Jno. F. Long, Timothy J. Looney, John E. Loring, John Lowry, John Lowry, Jr., Ja». Lowry, Jas. Lowry, Jr., Chas. Lowry, Chas. Lowry, Jr., Wm. B. Lyons, Wm. Lovell, J. G. Lewis, Jno. Lyon, Rufus B. Ladd, F. H. Libbcy, Horace Littleflelcl, Thos. Laken, Decatur Leach, Jno. Lansing, Charles Leighton, Thos. Leonard, Wm. Lee, Phil. Livingston, Wm. Laurence, Geo. Lee, Sol. H.Mann,Jno.O.Maraton,Robt. Moore, And. McGilvery,Ja«.H. McMann, Henry Munroe, J. T. Marshall, Alex. Murray, Thomas Mername, Fred- erick Mark, James Morrison, John C. Mayberry, William JlcOrath, John Mullen, Edward Murray, John Madden, John B. Murphy, John Murphy, John McMillan, W. McMaster, Edward R. Mitchell, Thomas Mitchell, Edward Marsh, Thomas McLaughlin, Alden Moulton, Solo- mon W. Marr, John McCuire, William McKay, Elislia D. Moree, Luke W. Morang, Nicholas Murphy, Patrick McGowan, James Mahan, George W. Moody, James McKay, Daniel McLair, John McMaster, Asa T. Merrill, George Morang, Bailey Mitchell, Ambrose Molts, Dennis McCarty, John McCullum, Frederick Marks, George C. Mayberry, JamM McCordle, John Morrissy, Wilder McMitchell, Lawrence Marshal, Mer- rilt Marston,Jobn W. Miuot, John McDonald, John Morgan, George Morgan, Daniel McClain, William II. McKenney, Ezekiel V. Millett, James McEldee, Thomas McGlinchy, William Nelson, John Nich- olas, T. K. Norris, 0. Nelson, Andrew Nelson, Hemnin Nowell, Eugene Newbegin, Theodore Nelson, Charles G. Nichids, William R. Niles, John W. North, Patrick O'Connor, John O'Brien, Samuel Orr, George W. R. Pollock, Patrick Parkin, Richard Parkin, George T. Patten, William J. Patterson, David Peterson, Peter Peterson, Jesse K. Pierce, Daniel M. Pote, Henry O. Proctor, Matthew Packer, Alonzo M. Pinney, Benjamin Palmer, W. B. Poole, George Peters, William Pries, G. W. Paul, Joseph Pratt, George Patterson, William Powers, George W. Parlin, Charles E. Parlin, John A. Pcllett, A. P. Pinney, George A. Pollister, D. M. Pote, James H. Pierce, Williani Poor, Charles H. Perkins, Enoch Per- kins, Alfred A. Ramsdell, .lohn M. Reynolds, Oscar M. Reed, Thomas Rice, Charles II. Rice, Wentworth R. Richardson, George H. Robert^*, Rufus D. Rogers, Charles H. Rolfe, John H. L. Boss, William C. Ross, Michael Rooney, George Roman, Andrew Roman, Harold A. Ranspach, Henry Reese, E. Rowe, C. P. Rowe, Francis Remas, F. J. Rogers, Charles Rolfe, John Rooney, T. L. Reed, John Roundy, John Robinson, T. J. Rod- gers, T. C. Rounds, Sylvanus Bobbins, Robert H. Robinson, James G. Samples, John Sawyer, James Scanlan, Artemas Small, Charles Staples, Theodoie Spear, Neptune Stephenson, Henry Stewart, Henry A. Simpson, John A. Simpson, Charles D. Skilliugs, John M. Skillings, Albert J. Smith, Michael Smith, Charles C. Soule, William Sloan, John Snowden, Henry B. Sturgess, R. Sedgly, S. B. Sanborne, William St. John, Robert Steele, George T. Spencer, Samuel Stanwooil, Robert Small, J. C. Smith, Walter S. Smith, Andrew J. Steele, Alonzo Smiley, George Stinchfield, Thomas Shephard, Charles F. Shennard, William Stevenson, John Smith, John P. Staunton, George R. Spear, John Salvador, Henry W. Smith, Peter Scanimel, Edward Simmonds, Daniel Shields, William H. Stock- bridge, James Shankas, George Scott, G. H. Stinchtield, James Simpson, Peter Scanlan, J. Sullivan, Timothy 0. Sullivan, Chas. Squire, H. Smith, J. M. Smith, H. A. Sampson, Robert Steele, U. M. Sweetser, Moses Smith, Jas. L. Shackley, Wm. L. Shackley, Wm. Smith, Jas. T. Smith, Sauiuet Smith, George Sweetser, Thos. Studley, J. 31. Trefetben, J. M. Toomy, Fred. Toomly, Anthony Tarring, Charles Turner, John Tucker, Daniel Tootbaker, Alfred C. Thompson, Job H. Trott, John Thomas, David Thompson , James Tliomas, Henry Thomas, Charles Upton, D. M.Vaughan , Charles Vanschaick, Francis J. Viannah, Josiah Veazie, Nathaniel B. Walker, Daniel Ward, John Ward, Thomas F. Welch, Francis Witham, John White, William J. Whitehall, Phineas Whitney, Henry Whitticr, Alexander Wyman, II. Wegmire, L. Woodbury, J. Williams, Wm. White, William Whiscomb, A. H. Whittemore, John Wlialey, John Wilson, Eben Watt, Robert Williamson, Walter West, Charles Wallace, Charle« L. West, Thomas Welch, Joseph Wilson, John G. Weeks, Joseph Wren, Joseph Wilson {'Zd), John Williams, Walter H. West, Thomas Wbaley, John Walker, Peter Wilson, J. Wright, Michael Waters, George Wilson, John Weed, James T. Williams, F. P. Ward, Joseph Wilson, Joseph Wentworth, Stephen Warren, Benjamin Waters, Robert White, Morris Welch, Charles Williams, David Wharton, William Yates. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Badger, Abner, lllh Mass. Inf. Baker, David, Jr., Ist. Nebraska Cav. Black, Peter W., 9lh Mass. Inf. Bradbury, Edward, 52d Mass. Inf. Bean, William A., 13th Mass. Inf. Beard, James, 38th Mass. Inf. Beckett, Williani 11., 45th Mass. Inf. Byron, Franklin, 2d Mass. Inf. Barry, Anlbony, U. S. Army. Curran, John, U. S. Army. Cameron, Robert, New York Cav. Conley, Martin, 14th Mass. Inf. Conroy, Iraucis, N. Y. Cav. Crosby, Slark, Mass. Kegt. 430 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. ,rd'8 staff. Ciirrin, Michael, 23d Moss. Inf. Day, Juliiili, U. S. EiigiiiDcra. Duiaii, Peter A., 9tli Mass. Inf. Drinkwator, David, 50th N. Y. Regt. Dowlaii, William, 32d Mass. Inf. Emeiy, Frederick W., 7th Kansas Inl Fessonden, James D., on Ge FcrnalJ, William I,., U. S. Engineers. Floyd, Charles R., 22d Mass. Inf. Frost, James H., N. II. Sharpshooteis. Flynn, John, Mass. Regt. Griffin, William, U. S. Engineoi-s. Hogan, Patrick H., N. Y. Ca». Lane, Saninel M., luth N. Y. Cav. Marston, Andrew J., U. S. Engineers. Manning, William 0., Ist Mass. Regt. Margan, Charles F. 1st Mass. Regt. Margan, Rohert B., 6th N. Y. Vols. Marshall, William H., N. Y. Regt. McClaskey, Joseph, 13th Mass. Inf. McGuire, Arthur S., Fremont's Corps, in Missouri. McLaughlin, Michael, Gen. Corcoran's Brigade. Miller, James F., asst. adjt.-gen. on statf of Gen. Shepley. Milliken, Frank J., Cth Muss. Inf. Monohan, John, N. Y. Regt. Morse, Alonzo F., Cth N. Y. Regt. Murch, George W., 12th Mass. Inf. Murphy, Daniel, Mass. Regt. Noyes, George F., N. T. Regt. Noyos, Charles H., 1st. Mass. Regt. Noyes, Frank, N. Y. Regt. Nutter, Joseph E., 1st Mass. Regt. Osgood, Charles H., U. S. Engineers. O'Neal, Michael, R. I. Regt. Perkins, Henry W., U. S. Engineers. Pearson, Edward H., 23d Mass. Inf. Pettengill, George A., N. Y. Regt. Rhine, David H., N. Y. Cav. Russell, Frank A., Vt. Cav. Shaw, Abner 0., N. Y. Regt. Shaw, William E., 6th Mass. Regt. Slater, Robert, Gen. Corcoran's Brigade. Simmons, George C, 35th Mass. Inf. Smith, Amasa G., 1st Mass. Regt. Smith, HoUis R.,40th N. Y. Inf. Tanner, William H., 12th Mass. Inf. Tanner, George, 12th Mass. Inf. Tanner, .lames, 12th Mass. Inf. Turner, Henry K., U. S. Eusineer.s. BALDWIN. Butterfield, Justin S., Co. E, 3()th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; diach. at end of war. Burnoll, Thomas A., Co. E, 30tli Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863; died Sept. 18, 1864. Burnell, Aaron, Co. E,30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863; disch. at end of war. Burnell, Appleton N., Co. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; disch. at end of war. Brown, Daniel W., Co. A, Hth Inf.; most. Aug. 18, 1802; q.m. clerk ; mi-ssing in battle. May 12, 1864 ; killed at Spotteylvania. Burnell, Alpheus, Co. E, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 18('.l ; die.l at Fornamlina, Fla., June 25, 1862. Burnell, Henry L., Co. I, 8tli Inf.; must. Sept. 7, 1S61. Burnell, Melville C, corp,, Co. C, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 2, 1861. Binford, Thomas G., Co. E, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861. Burnell, John P., Co. K, 12tli Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861; died at New Orleans, June 26, 1862. Barheliler, Joseph S., Co. I, ITtli Inf. ; must. Jan. 16,1864; disch. Oct. 20, 1864. Bachelder, Sylvanus J., Co. K, 25lh Inf. ; must. Sept 29, 1862. Bachelder, Edward F., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 6, 1864; died March 25, 1864. Cousins, William, Oo. 1, 31st Inf. ; must. April 14, 1861 ; died Aug. 26, 1804. Cram, LeanderE., Co. E, 9lh Inf.; nnist. Sept. 22, 1861 ; must, in 30th Inf. Dec. 12, 1863. Cram, Andrew P., Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Dyer, Osborne, Co. K, 2oth Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Dearborn, William H., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863. Flint, John W., Co. A, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18,1862; pro. Corp. and sergt. ; disch. June 4, 1866. Flint, Edgar h., Co. E, 30tli Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863. Flint, John C, Jr., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863; died at Winchester, Va., Jan. 30, 1805. Fobs, Albert M., Co. E, 3Uth Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1803. Gurney, George N., Co. K, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company, July 10, 1863. Guptil, William, Co. K, 2Ath Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. with company. Uoit, Thonws J., Co. D, 9th Inf.; died at Fortress Monroe, Feb. 23, 1866. Harding, Henry, Co. K, 2l8t Inf.; must. .Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with comp.iny. Milliken, Nathan ».,(\<. K ; I2lh I?if.; must. Nov. 16, 1801 ; di.d at New Or- leans, Oct. 11,1803. Murch, Alfred B., bugler, Co. F. Isl Civ , nnist.d.l 10,1801. Newcomb, Elisha D., Co. I), 9th Inf. ; di.cl at Wilnii gton, N. C, March 27, 1865. Osborne, Dyer, Co. D, 9lh Inf. ; ilied at Baldwin, Mo , Aug. 2, 1806. Parker, Arthur D , Co. E, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 20, 1801 ; disch. Ang. 7, 1862. Parker, Alexander, Co. D, 2d Inf.; enl. July 2, 1861. Parker, James M., Co. H, 51li Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Parker, Alonzo F., Co. I, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Pease, Daniel C, Co. B, Ist Vet. Inf. ; died near Biehmonil from wounds, April 2, 1866. Pierce, Alfred, bugler, C'o. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1801. Pease, George M., 7th Bat. Moiinled Art.; must. Nov. 15, 1804; disih. with company. Rounds, Daniel, musician, Co. E, 9lh Inl. : ninsl .Sept. 22, ISCl. Rounds, James C, Co. E, 9th Inf.: must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-enl. in Co. K, J.'ith Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. willi company. Rowe, David, Co. E, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861. Richardson, Aaron, Co. E, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861; wounde.l at Port Hudson ; died May 28,1863. Richardson, Howard T<, Co. K,26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29,1802; disch. wilhrom- pany. Ricliardson, Amos, Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 12, 1804. Richardson, Albion S., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1803. Rounds, James A., flo. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 13, 1863. Rowe, FruTik S., Co. E, 3otli Inf. ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; died Dec. 6, 1804. Shauu, Winthrop H., Co. F, IVlh Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. June 10, 1805. Sawyer, Charles F., Co. I, 17th luf.; must. Aug. 18,1862; wounded Nov. 17, 1863; disch. with company. Sawyer, Onsville, Co, K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Spencer, Isaac F., Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Strout, Sylvester S,, corp., Co. E, 3cJth Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863. Sanborn, Reuben, Co. I, 30lh Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1804. Thomas, Isaac, Cc. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Thorn, Baitholomew, Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with com- pany. Vasnins, Orrin D., Co. F, 11th Inf. ; must. Oct. 27, 1864; disch. Oct. 26, 1805. Wentworth, James A., Co. K, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Walker, Charles L., Co. I, :i(illi Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864; died at Morganza, La., June 19,1864. Wentworth, Charles N., must. April U, 1864; wounded May 12. Wentworth, Benjamin 0., Oo. E, 12th Inf. ; wounded; died at Winchester, Va., Oct. 20, 1864. Yates, Cyrus, Co. I, 31st Inf ; died at David's Island, N. Y., Ang. 30, 1864. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Cram, Ebenczer W., 1st ser^t., Co. H, 11th M;iss. Inf Foss, Albert M., Sth Mass. Inf. Gammon, John P., Co. H, 40tli N. Y. Inf. ; died at Alexi Lowell, James E., Co. C, 17th Mass. Inf. ; died at Baltii Ordway, Daniel, New Hampshire Regt. Parker, Gardner M., 2d Mass. Regt. Richardson, Almon, .".oth Mass. Inf. Robinson, George, 3d Vermont Regt. Sanborn, Almon, oOtli Mass. Inf. Storer, John, Ma.'is. Regt. Wormwood, Samuel, 2d llbode Island Regt. Iria, Va., Feb. 9, 1862. e, Md., Feb. 1, 1862. BRIDGTON. I, Co. n, 1st Battalion Inf. April .^1,1865; disch. t. Nov. I.-., 1S04; disch. with Bodge, Henry W., i Sept. 25, 1865. Bennett, Joseph L., 7th Dat. Mo company. Brown, Oliver, Co. C, 31st Inf. ; must. March 23, 1864 ; disch. July 15, 1865. Brown, Thomas M., Co. B, 2:id Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. April 24, 1803. Blake, William J., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Brackett, Forester C, Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; died in Marylanil. Dec. 26, 1802. Barnard, Luther P., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; died in Maryland, Dec. '25, 1802. Bacon, Marshall A., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company, July 15, 1863; re-enl. in Co. F, 30th Inf., as sergt., Jan. 4, 1864; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Bennett, J. Loneville, Corp., Co. B, Kid I[if. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. April 6, 1863. Bennett, Charles, Corp., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; reduced, 1862; disch. with ret;iniunt. Bennett, Charles, Co. 1), 19th Inf. ; must. Oct. 8, 1864 ; pro. to Ist lieut. ; transf. Boston, Nathan P., Co. I, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Boston, Nathan P., saddler, Co. I, 2d Ov. ; must. Dec. 24, 1803. Boyd, James, Co. I, 5th Inf. ; must. June '24, 1861. Bailey, Richard T., regimental band. Kith Inf.; must. Oct. '>, 1801 ; disoh. Seiv tember, 1862. ^ Burnham, Charles II., Co. K, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 431 Buriiliain, Jame8 11., Co. E, inth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, ISGl. Bisbee, Robert, Co. I, 10th iTif.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Bacon, Melville C, Co. E, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Bacon, Cliarles 11., Co. E, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; discli. Nov. 27, 1862. Bacon, Granville E., Co. E, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; re-onl. in 12th Me. Bat. Brackett, Orin T., Co. E, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15,1801; disch. on a writ. Bailey, George H., Co. II, 10th Inf ; must. Aug. 12, 18G2; trans, to 29th Maine liegt. ; wounded Oct. 19, 1864. Bailey, Marshall, Co. H, loth Inf.; must. Aug. 12,1862; wounded at Antietam ; died Sept. 28, 1802. Buswell, \Villi;im H., Co. I, lltli Inf.; must. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. Dec. 18, 186:i. Burnell, Samuel P., Corp., Co. F, 16th Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 18C2; wounded June •2, 1864; disch. March 1, 1805. Barker, Larkin E., Co. F, 16th Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. June, 1865. Bisbee, Robert, Co. F,30th Inf; nmst. Dec. 29, 1863; disch. with company, Aug. 2(1, 18G5. Bacon, Albert G., Co. F, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1803; disch. with compiiiiy, Aug. 20, 1865. Brown, Rufus, 5th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must- Feb. 20, 1864 ; disch. with company. Bridgham, Daniel C, coi-p, Co. H,I2th Inf.; must. March 13, 1866; disch. March 16, 1860. Bailey, Alonzo D., Co. H, 12th Inf. ; must. March 13, 1S05 ; disch. March 16, 1866. Bailey, Francis H., Co. H, 12tb Inf.; must. March 13, 1865 ; disch. May 15. 1865. Cross, John B., Co. H, 12th Inf. ; must. March 13, 186.'i ; disch. with company. Churchill, Algernon H., Co. K, 1st Inf; must. May 3, 1801. Chaplin, Caleb A., Co. E, 12th Inf.; jnust. Nov. 15, 1801 ; disch. July 16, 1802. Cross, Moses, Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Carter, Eilwin, Co. G, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; taken pris. Oct. 19; trans. to 12th Battalion. Cobb, Edwin, Co. H, 10th Inf; must. Aug. 13, 1802; wounded at Antietam; trans, to 291h Regt. Cleaves, Royal, Co. F, loth Inf; must. Aug. 14, 1S02; pro. to hosp. steward, 1804; disch. 1866. Cross, Aaron, Co. F, 16th Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. June 6, 1865. Cleaves, Henry B., fergt., Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; pro. to 1st lieut. Carsley, Francis B., Co. B, 23d Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Corser, Darwin L., Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Cole, John H., 1st Bat. Mounterl Art.; must. Jan. 4, 1804; disch. with company. Cole, Levi, Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. March 21, 1866 ; disch. with company, March 17, 1806. Chase, Charles H., Co. H, 31st Inf; must. April 21, 1864; disch. Aug. 7, 1865. Dunn, Charles, Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. April 7, 1863. Damon, Joseph B., Co. I, llth Inf; must. Aug. 15, 1862. Douglass, Richard D., Co. E, V.'th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1861; discb. Oct. 11, 1862. Dodge, Royal L., Co, E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disch. April 11, 1862. Dodge, Lorenzo, hosp. steward, 15th Inf ; must. Dec. 18, 1801 ; pro. to asst. surg. in 1803. Dalton, Benjamin, Co. F, lOth Inf.; must. April 14, 1862; wounded Aug. 18, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. June 5, 1865. Dyer, Christopher R., Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Davis, Edward, Corp., Co. F, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Dodge, Chailes B., must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; pro. to Corp. ; diach. Aug. 20, 1806. Dodge, Benjamin, Jr., Co. G, 12th Inf ; must. March 10, 1863 ; trans, to Rut. 1 iilli Me. Inf Emerson, Joshua, Co. C, 3l8t Inf; must. March 23, 1804; disch. July 15, 1865. Frye, Albion K. P., 4th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 21, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1864. Fitch, Edwin, Co. I, 1st Inf ; must. May 3, 1861 ; taken pris. May 25, 1802 ; pro. to sergt. Fitch, Edwin, Co. I, lOtli Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1801. Pitch, Ansell S., Co. I, loth Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; pro. to Corp. Follett, William, Co. 1, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1801. Fitch, Richard, sergt., Co. H, 12th Inf ; must. March 16, 1865 ; disch. with com- pany, March 16, 1860. Gibson, John H., Corp., Co. H, 12th Inf; must. March l:i, 1805; disch. with company. GrafTaro, Charles II., Co. E, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1861; disch. (minor) Nov. 16, 1861. Grover, Almon, Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; diach. Oct. 7. 1862. Gould, Asa S., Co. I, llth Inf ; must. Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; died at Mor- ris Island, Dec. 19, 1863. Green, George S., Co. C, 10th Inf ; must. Sept. 20, 1864 ; disch. June, 1806. Gammon, Joseph E., Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Gihbs, Alvin, Co. B, 23d Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Glines, Preston M., Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1 862 ; died at Edwards' Ferry, Feb. 10, 1803. Grover, Almon, Co. F, 30th Inf ; veteran ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; disch. June 13, 1865. Grover, Alpheus, Co. F, 30th Iiif ; veteran ; must. Dec. 29, 1803 ; died in rebel prison, June 18, 1864. Goldthwait, Co. C, 31st Inf ; must. May 23, 1864 ; disch. July 15, 1866. Hall, Walter S., Co. H, 12th Inf ; must. March 13, 1865 ; disch. with company, Harmon, Ge,.rge A., Co. II, 12tli Inf; must. March 13,1865; disch. with com- pany. Harmon, William L., Co. H, 12th Inf; must. March 13, 1866; disch. with com- pany. Hale, David, Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 6, 1863. ;-onl. in Co. F, .10th Inf., ulisted ; trans, to must. March 13, 1865; disch. with com- must. Maivh 13, 1865 ; disch. with com- mirst. March 13, 1805; disch. with com- 51 arch 10, 1804 ; disch. Jan. 26, Harmon, Daniel, Co. B, 23d Inf ; must. Sept, 29, 1862; disch. with company. Henry, Benjamin K., Co. B, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 4; disch. June .30, 1865. Holmes, George, Co. H, 5th Inf ; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; pro. to hospital slewanl, 1863. Hanscomb, Cyrus, Co. — , 5th Inf ; must. Juno 24, 1801. Hamlin, Algernon 11., Co. E, ]2tli Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; discb. April 11. 1862; re-unl. in Co. V, 3illh Inf, Dec. 29, 180:! ; disch. Oct. 25, 1804. Hamblin, Melvin, Co. I, lltli Inf ; must. Aug. 10, I8G2. Hilton, Oram, Co. E, 29th Inf ; must. Nov. 13, 1803; disch. Aug. 22, 186.5. Harmon, George W., Co. I, 1 Ith Inf ; must. Aug. I.'), 1862. Hibhard, Orriu 1!., llth Inf; must. Aug. 15, 1802. Hazen, Nathan W., 4th Bat. Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 3, 1804; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Hugliey, Owen, Co. C, 15th Inf ; nniat. Feb. 9, 1805. Irish, Nathan F., Co. C, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 5, 1801. Ingals, Abel, Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Dec. 20, 1801 ; wagoner; detached 1864. Jackson, Isaac N., Co. G, 5th Inf ; must. June 23, 1861. Jordan, James, Co. G, loth Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; Dec. 29, 1863; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Johnson, Alvah, Co. 1, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Johnson, Daniel, Co. 1, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Jewett, Oliver D., Co. E, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; l Bat. 12tb Maine. Jewett, William H., Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; disch. March 10, 1863; re-enl. in Co. F, 3(ith Inf, Dec 29,1803; pro. to Corp.; wounded April 23, 1804; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Jolmson, Daniel C, Co. 11, 12lh Inf ; must. March 13, 1865; disch. with com- pany. Johnson, Alva, sergt., Co. H, 12th Inf ; must. M.irch 13, 1805; disch. with com- pany, March 10, 1860. Jordan, Charles D., Co. II, 12th Inf ; pany, March 10, 1800. Kimball, Stephen E., Co. H. 12lb Inf pany, March 10, 1806. Kimball, Robert A., Co. H, 12tli Inf ; I pany, March 16, 1860. Kimball, Abraham, Co. B, 31st Inf; 1866. Kimball, Frederick A., Co. B, 3l8t Inf ; must March 10, 1864 ; disch. witli com- pany. Keen, John A., Co. B, 30tb Inf; must. March lu, 1864 ; disch. May 31, 1865. Kendall, Robert B., musician, Co. H, 5th Inf ; must. Juno 24, 1801. Kendall, Joseph F., C.>. H, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Knight, Samuel, seigt., Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Kenniston, Melville, Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Kendall, Nathan W., Co. E, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1861; pro. to Corp.; wounded ; trans, to Bat. 12th Maine. Knight, Joseph, 1st Bat. Mounted Art.; must. May 3, 1864. Knight, John P., 1st Bat Mounted Art. ; must. May 3, 1804. Lawrence, Charles W., Co. K, llth Inf ; must. July 3D, 1803; died Aug. 6, 1804. Lamson. Chailes 0., Co. C, 1st Inf; must. May 3, 1861 ; discharged; must, in Co. I, llth Inf. Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. to Corp., sergt., and 2d lieut. ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, 1864. Libljy, William S., Co. C, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 6, 1861 ; discharged ; must. Aug. 16, 1802, in Co. I, llth Inf ; pro. to corp. ; wounded Oct. 7, 1864. Libby, Elijah, Co. 0, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H. Lane, Solomon, Co. C, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F. Libby, Nathan G., Co. E, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1865; died Jan. 2, 1864. Littlefleld, Alexander, Co. E, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1805 ; disch. Oct. 12, 1806. Littlefleld, David M., Co. G, 14tli Inf.; must. Jan. 30, 1862; disch. for disability, 1864. Lord, diaries M., Co. F, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; died July 11, 1864. Lewis, Nelson, Co. F, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; died in rebel prison, Juno 12, 1864. Lewis, Royal B., Co. F, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 29, 1863; disch. May 17, 1865. Lakin, Parker, Co. C, 31st Inf ; nmst. JIarch 11, 1864 ; disch. May 18, 1865. Lane, Jonathan R., 4th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 3, 1863 ; diach. with company. Libby, William S., Co. C, 29th Inf ; must. Dec. 17, l.<6:i. McKenney, Cliaries H., sergt., Co. F, 10th Inf; must. Aug. 14,1802; disch. June 5, 1865. Morton, George B., 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861. Murch, Albert W., Co. I, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. May 14, 1862. Merrill, George W., llth Inf; must. October, 1861. McGee, James D., Co. E, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; disch. October, ISM ; re-enl. Dec. 17, 1866, in Co. C, 29th Inf : disch. Oct. 7, 1866. McWain, David B., Corp., Co. G, 14th Inf ; must. Doc. 12, 1801. Martin, Johnson M., Co. I, lltli Inf., must. Aug. 1.5, 1862; died at Yorktown, Nov. 12, 1802. Mead, John, Co. I), 15th Inf; must. .Ian. 31, 1801 ; in-... to Jd lieut., June 10, 1802. March, John D., (Jo. F, 10th Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1802 ; disch. June 5, 18ii5. Mayo, Gardner D., Oo. F, lOlh luf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862. McKiniiey, James E., Co. F, 30th luf; must. Dec. 29, 180:); reclaime.1 l.v 5th Maine. March, Joseph N., Co. C, 3l6t luf ; must. May 23, 18M ; disch. July 16, 1805. 432 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. nuBt, March 13, 1865; (lisch. March 16, 1st. April 'il, 1864 ; rliscli. iilst. April 21, 1864; disch. Mulcli, John M., Co. H, 12th Inf.; i 1866. Marlile, Frmlerick, Co. H, ;!lst Inf.; pan.v. Milliken, Edwin C, Co. 11, 31et Inf. pany. Milliken, Benjamin F., Oo. H, :il8l Inf.; must. April 21, 1864 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Newcoml), Lewis S., Co. B, 2;!d Inf.; must. Sept. 20. 1862. Osborne, Thomas, Co. H, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. July W, 186:i, with company. Pendoxter, George U., Oo. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 2'J, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany, rcndcxter, Alljion W., Co. I, 11th Inf.; must. Aug. 15, 1862; pro. to Corp.; wounded Aug. 16, 1S64. Poor, Russell S., Co.E,2d Inf.; must. May 28,1861 ; re-enl. in Ist Bat. Mounted Art. Pluramer, Alphsus, Co. D, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Phelps, Alvah B., Co. E, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; killed Oct. 19, 18C4. Powers, William U., Co. K, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 28, 1S61. Pike, Charles E, 6th Bat. Mounted Art.; must. Doc. 4, 1801 ; disch. with com- pany. Poor, Lorenzo D., Corp., Co. H, 12th Inf.; must. March 13,1804; disch. with company. Pratt, Albert H., Co. M, Slst Inf ; must. Oct. IS, 1864; ditch. June 22, 1865. Peude.\ter, Nathan H., Co. C, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 20,1864; disch. June 3(1, 1865. Phelps, Augustus L., Co. C, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. Feb. 9, 1865, by furnishing a substitute. Quincy, Nathaniel H., Co. C, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. Quincy, William S., Co. C, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. Juoe 30, 1865. Quincy, Nathaniel H., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Robinson, Stephen, Co. F, 3(lth Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863; veteran; disch. with company. Rounds, Edward G., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1863 ; disch. with company. Robinson, Stephen, Co. G, 5tli Inf. ; must. June 23, 1801. Rand, Elislia P., 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; died at Philadelphia, Pa., March, 1862. Rand, John, 5tli Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. June 17, 1862. Eiley, Ephraim H., Co. E, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Ridlon, Almon H., Co. F,30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1803; died Nov 11, 1804. Riley, Reuben M., Co. C, 29th Inf; must. Jan. 1, 1864 ; pro. to 1st sergt. Riley, Charles K., Co. C, 29th Inf.; must. Jan. 5, 1864; disch. June 16, 1865. Ridlon,Tliomas,Co. H, Slst Inf. ; must. April 21, 1864; prisoner in 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. Shaw, John, Co. G, 12th Inf.; must. March 10, 1864; trans, to Bat. 12th Maine. Sawyer, James S., Co. F, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; died in rebel prison, Aug. 8, 1864. Stevens, Ransom S., Co. F, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863; died of wounds, April 24, 1864. Stevens, John, Co. F, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863; died Aug. 27, 1864. Simpson, Albion L., Co. E, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; trans, to Bat. 12tli Maine. Scott, Silas, Co. I, 5th Inf. ; must Dec. 9, 1861 ; disch. March 7, 1802. Scribncr, Francis W., Co. 1, 11th Inf.; must. Aug. 15, 1862. Spiller, George H., Co. I, llth Inf. ; must. Aug. 15, 1862 ; killed July 23, 1864. Stone, Marshall B., Co. I, llth Inf. ; must. Aug. 15, 1802 ; pro. to corp. ; wounded May 17, 1804. Small, Edgar W., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Simpson, Benjamin, Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Stevens, Ransom S., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1S62 ; disch. with company. Stevens, Rufus A., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Stover, Albion K. P., 1st Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Jan. 4, 1804 ; taken pris- oner in 1864. Stover, Samson H., Ist Bat, Mounted Art.; must. March 3, 1864; disch. with company. Stone, Melville C, 1st Bat. Slounted Art.; mnst. Jan. 4, 1864; discb. with company. Sanborn, William H., Co. B, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Sanborn, William H,, Co. E, lOlh Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Thorn, John 0., Co. I, loth Inf.; mnst. Oct. 4, 1861; taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain; exchanged; re-enl. in Co. V, 30th Maine, Dec. 29, 1863; wounded April 13, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Thorne, William II., Co. F, 17th Inf.; mnst. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. June 4, 1865. Thorn, Edwin, Co. F, 30th Inf.; must. Dec 29,1863; taken prisoner in 1864; exchanged. Trumble, Eliaa H., Co. C, 3l8t luf. ; mnst. March 23, 1864; ilisch. for wounds, Jan 11, 1805. Wiley, John N., Co. 0, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Webb, Osgood B„ regimental band, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4. 1861 ; disch. Sep- tember, 1802. Webb, Edward C, regimental bund, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 5, 1801 ; disch. Sep- tember, 1862. Webb, John T., regimental band, mth Inf.; must. Oct. 6, 1861; disch. Sep- tember, 1862. Wiley, John N., wagoner, Co. C, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 5, 1861. Weymouth, Samuel, Co. 0, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 6, 1861. Weymouth, George, Co. C, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 5, 1801. Winn, Francis, Co. I, llth Inf. ; must. Aug. 15, 1802; wounded June 2, 1864; detached in Maine. Williams, John, Co. 0, 16th Inf.; mnst. Nov. 2, 1804. Winn, John A,, Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company; re-enl. in Co. F, 30th Inf.; pro. to Corp.; disch. .\ug. 20, 1866. Warren, Calvin, Ist Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Jan. 4, 1804 ; disch. May 20, 1804. Warren, George A., musician, 1st Bat. Mounted Art.; nmst. Jan. 4, 1804; disch. with company. Webb, Edward S., Co. I, .30th Inf.; must. Dec. 18, 1863; disch. with company. Webb, Isaiah S., Co. I, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 19, 1863; disch. with company. Webb, John T., Co. I, .iOth Inf. ; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; disch. with company. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Brown, Samuel H., U.S. Navy . Carter, Austin, 14th Mass. Inf. Cloudnian, John, Mass. Regt. Davis, Alonzo, Mass. Regt. Richardson, Albion P., N. H. Regt. Gibbs, John S., U. S. Army. Stone, Melville G., 9th Mass. Inf. BRUNSWICK. Alexander, Lorenzo, Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Alexander, Asa J., Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Allen, William H., Co. K, 6th Inf. ; must. July 15, 1801. Allen, Henry, 4th Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 21, 1861. Alexander, William H., 4th Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 21, 1861. Allen, William, Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; died at Pensacola, Fla., March 12, 1863. Allen, Charles, Co. G, 151h Inf. ; must. Jan. 21, 1862. Allen, Charles, Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Aug. 29, 1862; pro. to Corp., to sergt., and 1st sergt. ; disch. 1864. Allen, Moses, Jr., Oo. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862 ; died March 13, 1863. Adams, Alphonzo A., Co. D, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Alexander, Martin, Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Andrews, John, Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Bi-rry, Charles S., Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Bishop, Isaac M., Jr., Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Bickford, George II., trans, to Inviilid Corps, 1863. Bickford, John F., Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Aug. 29, 1862; died at Relay House, Md., Nov. 1, 1862. Bailey, James H., col-p., Co. F, I5th Inf.; must. Deo. 12, 1861. Bailey, Stephen J., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Doc. 12, 1861 ; pro. to Corp.; taken prisoner, April 23,1864. Bennett, George E., Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; disch. June 31, 1804. Bennett, James H., Co. B, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 22, 1864. Berry, Emery, Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 22, 1864. Blasden, Andrew M., Co. B, 9th Inf. ; mnst. Sept. 22, 1861 ; disch. April 23, 1862. Blaisdell, James, corp., Co. D, 6th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. 1864. Bailey, James H., Co. E, 6th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861; disch. Oct. 3, 1801. Barnes, William, Co. K, Ist Cav.; mnst. Nov. 2, 1861. Blaisdell, Amos, sergt., Co. H, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 12, 1864 ; veteran ; trans, to Co. G. Brown, William A., musician, Co. D, 7th Inf. ; mnst. Aug. 22, 1801. Brown, Franklin, Co. I, 8th Inf. ; must. Sept 7, 1861 ; taken on habeas corpus, Sept. 9, 1861. Brown, William A., musician, Ist Vet. Inf. ; must. Dec. 14, 1863; disch. Aug. 7, 1864. Benton, Joseph, Ist Vet. Inf.; must. Jan. 14, 1865; dropped from rolls. Cushman, George W., Co. K, 19tli Inf. ; must. Aug. 25,1862. Crockett, Richard, 1st sergt., Co. K, 19lh Inf.; must. Aug. 25, 1862; pro. to 2d licut. and 1st lieut.. May 31, 1863. Corbett, James R., Co. F, 16th Inf.; must Jan. 21, 1862; re-enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Coffin, Thomas F., Co. F, 15th Inf, ; must Jan. 12, 1862; re-enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Coffin, Simeon C, Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Jan. 22, 1862; pro. to Corp.; disch. Feb. 5, 1862. Courson, Reuben C, Co. B, 9tb Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; pro. to sergt. Card, Lewis H., Co. B, 3d Inf.; must. June 4, 1861. Cram, Nelson P., sergt., Co. K, llth Inf.; must. Nov. 2, 1861. Corbett, Alfred, corp., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 26, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; re.enl. January, 1864. Corbett, Robert B., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 17, 1861 ; re-«nl. January, 1864 ; disch. for disability. Coombs, Benjamin F., Co. F, 15lh Inf.; must. Deo. 19, 1861,dnimmer; died at Brazos, Texas, Nov. 16, 1863. iv.burn, Enoch, Co. F, Ifith Inf.; must Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. to corp, 1863; re- eul. January, 1864. Courson, John L., Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; pro. to. corp. ; died at Braz.is, Texas, Doc. 11, 1863. Cooper, Calvin, Co. F, 16th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12 1861 ; disch. for disability, 1864. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 433 Collin, John, Co. F, 15th Inf. ; mnst. Dec.l2, 18C1. Cliirk, George II., Co. K, 7th Inf.; nnist. Aug. 21, 1801. Collin, lleliry B., Co. B, 9tU Inf.; muat. Sept.23, 18GI ; re-onl. Jan. 1, 1864; pro. to Corp. Colby, Cornelius, Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1861. Coombs, David E., coi'p., Co. B, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 18C1 ; pro. to scrgt. and 1st sergt., 18C3; discli. Sept. 21, 18C4. Corbett, George L., rausieian, Co. B, Otb Inf.; mnst. Sept. 22, ISlil ; re-enl. Jau. 1, 1864. C.iMiett, Alfied L., Co. D, 5lh Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 , disch. Oct. .■!, 1861. (iilliy, John P., Co. D, 6th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861; disch. with company. Collin, Simeon, Co. D, 5lh Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, ISCl. ( "llin, James W., Co. D, 5th Inf. ; must. Juue 24, 1861. (loswell, James, Co. D, .Stii Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1861. I lark, Clinton G., Co. F, 5th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1801. Cobb, Joseph, Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; died Jan. 2U, 1863. Colby, Harrison, Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Coombs, Joseph E., Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Colby, Amos H., Co. H, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; died at Morganzia, La., June 24, 1804. Cooper, Calvin, Co. H, 30lh Inf ; must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; disch. June 10, 1864. Colby, Cornelius, Co. F, Ist Cav.; must. Oct. 2U, 1864. Cussell, Robert, Co. D, 2d Sharpshooters; must. Feb. 22, 1804; trans, to ITth Maine Regt. Doughty, Isaac, Co. D, 5tL luf.; must. June 24, 1801 ; killed in battle, May 10, 1864. Dunlap, Charles L., Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Dunning, Orlando, Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. Juno 24,1801; re-onl. 1803; disch. with company. Donney, Joseph, Co. B, 9lh Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1801; taken prisoner, July 11, Doughty, Oliver, Corp., Co. B, 9th Inf.; 1804. Donghtey, Harvey M., Co. B, 9th Inf; sergt. nust. Sept. 22, 1861; disch. Juue 3, ust. Sept. 22, 1801; re-enl. ; pro. to inst. Sept. 22, 1801; re-eul.; taken Doughtey, George E., Co. B, 9th Inf prisoner, July 30, 1804. Dunlap, Martin, Co. B, 7tli Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 1801. Dunning, Robert A., Co. K, 7tli Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861. Dunning, Horace, Co. D, 7lh Inf ; mnst. Aug. 22, 1861. Dyer, George M., Co. K, 0th Int.; must. July 15,1801; disch. with company, Aug. 15, 1864. Dunning, Henry P., sergt., Co. F, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; reduced by request to be acting hospiUil steward; discli. J^n. 19, 1865. Dunning, Edward H., Corp., Co. K, 13tli Inf. ; must. Deo. 10, 1861. Dnrgin, James T, Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Feb. 4, 1862; re-enlisted; disch. for disability. Dennison, Benjamin L., sergt , Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. April 21, 1803. Dana, Victor, Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Dennison, John, Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Drummond, Charles W., Co. D, 25lh Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1362. Dunning, Alfred J., Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. DoUey, George M., (!o. E. :ii)th Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1863; died April 30, 1864. Dunning, IJoraco E., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1803. Dana, Victor, Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863. Doughty, John H., Co. H, 3ath Inf. ; must. Jan. 0, 1804; trans to Co. G. DeCoven, Joseph S., Co. D, 2d Regt. Sharpshooters; must. Feb. 22, 1804 ; trans. to 17th Maine Regt. Eaton, Alfred I., Co. U, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 0, 1864; prisoner, April 20; trans. to C... D. Eaton, Alfred, Co. D, 3lHh Inf; must. Jan. 0,1804; taken prisoner April 9, 1804 ; exchanged. Eastbrook, George S , Co. D, 20tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Eaton, Alonzo J., Co. G, 15th Inf ; must. Jan. 14, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 10, 1S05. Easterhrook, George S., Co. I, 8th Inf. ; must. Oct. 10, 1803 ; wounded May 20, 1804. Eaton, Edward B., Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1801. Eaton, George h., Co. D, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Ai>ril 10, 1804 ; re-enl. in 29th Veterans. Eaton, Alfred J., Co. F, 5th Inf.; mnst. June 24, 1804. French, John H., Corp., Co. D, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1804. Few, Robert, Co. D, 5th Inf; mnst. June 24, 1861; pro. to Corp., Sept. 1 ; disch. with company. Fuller, Joseph, Co. F, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861; pro. to Corp., Nov. 8, 1801. Fuller, Alfred, Co. G, OUi Inf. ; must. July 15, 1801. Field, Charles W., Co. C,91h Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1861. Foy, Edwin, Co. B, 9th Art.; must. Sept. 22, 1801 ; disch. April 11,1802. Foy, Edwin, Co. K, 20th Inf; must. Aug. 29, 1802; pro. to Corp. Freeman, William E , Co. B, 9lh Inf. ; must. Sept. 22, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1864. Fuller, David, Co. B, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-enl.; pro. to corp. Fuller, Alonzo M., Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. Sept. 16, 1802; pro. to Corp.; disch. April 10, 1864. Fuller, Joseph D., Corp., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. and to 2d lieut. Fuller. Alfred A., Co. E, 1st Vet. Inf. ; must. Doc. 23, 1803; disch. for disability, Jan. 20, 1804. 55 Gerrish, Edward F., Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Goud, Charles, Co. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Doc. 12, 1803. Goldsmith, Charles B., veteran, :)Oth Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 186.3. Grant, Marshall, Co. II, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. C, 1864; trans, to Co. G. Graves, AlpheuH M., must. Aug. 25, 1862. Getchell, John E., Co. F, 15lh Inf. ; must. Dec. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. I ; pro. to Corp.; left sick at Fortress Monroe when comi)any was discharged. Getchell, E. T., Co. K, 1st Cav. ; mnst. Nov. 2, 1801. Getchell, Josiali, Co. K, 1st C«v.; must. Nov. 2, 1861. Griffln, Charles II., 4lh Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 21, 1801 ; disch. Dec. 21, 18G4. Getchell, Joshua, Corp., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1861. Getchell, Roswcll, Co. F, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; die.l at Ship Island, May 21,1862. Griffln, Timothy, Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801. Growse, George Thomas, wagoner, C .. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 17, 18C1 ; discli. Jan. 19, 1805. Getchell, Jesse H., musici.m, Co. B, 91h Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1801; disch. Feb. 8, 1862. Goldsmith, Charles B., Co. D, 6th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861. Hutchinson, Albion D., sergt., Co. D, 5th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1801. n.irmon, George L., musician, Co. D,5th Inf; must. June 24, 1803; discli. June 27, 1863. Hodsdon, Daniel B., Co. D, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1801 ; pro. to Corp., Juno 23. Hammond, George L., musician, 5tli Inf. Hoole, Thomas G., Co. I, Sth Inf. ; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Hodsdon, William B.,Co. D, 7th Inf.; must. Aug. 22, 1861. Hammond, Henry W., Co. F, 16th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; pro. to Corp. ; pro. to sergt. ; disch. Jan. 19, 1805. Harmon, Albert, Co. K, 15th Inf. ; mu»t. Dec. 12, 1801 ; disch. for disability ; died at home. Hyde, Robert, Co. B, 3d Inf. ; must. October, 1801 ; wounded at Fair Oaks ; discb. Feb. 15, 1803. Howes, J. F., Co. K, 1st Cav. ; must. Nriv. 2, 1861 . Hammond, David N., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 31, 1801 ; trans, from Co. I; disch. July 19, 1805. Harmon, Joseph, Co. F, 151h Inf. ; must. Dec. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. 1 ; rc-onl. Jan. 2,5, 1804; pro. to Corp. Ilinkinson, Algernon W., coi-p., Co. K, 2lllh Inf; must. Aug. 29, 1862; disch. March 13, 1803. Hariling, Charles W., Co. D, 25lh Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862. Harmon, George A., Co. D, 251h Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Harmon, John, Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Haskell, George W., Co. D, 2.ith Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. H.iskell, George F., Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Hill, Chailes H., Co. D, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. House, Lorenzo D, Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Hunt, Benjamin S , Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Hersey, Hiram D., Co. F, 29th Inf.; never mustered. Hodsdon, Daniel R., Corp., Co. F, 29th Inf. ; mnst. Dec. 12, 1803 ; trans, to Navy May 1,1864. Harmon, George A., Co. F, 29th Inf; must, Dec. 12, 1863. Harmon, John, Co. F, 29th Inf. ; must. Doc. 12, 1863. Harmon, William C, Co. F, 29tli Inf.; must. Doc. 12, 1863. HaskelL George W., Co. F, 20th Inf. ; mnsT. Dec. 12, 186". Johnson, Charles R , Co. K, 1st Cav. ; must. Nov, 2, 1861. Joyce, Lawrence S.capt., Co. F, ISIh Inf.; must. Dec. 17, 1861. Johnson, Samuel L., Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Keay, John H., Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861. Lunt, William H., Co. I, 8th Inf.; must. Sept. 7, 1801. Lyons, John E. M., Corp., Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; disch. Ang. 17, 1862; died at Now York. Lee, Ch.irles, Co. F, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; disch. July 21, 1802. Lake, Osborne, Co. F, I5th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801. Lemont, Adam, Co. K, 3d Inf. ; must. June 4, 1801. Luber, John, Co. F, I5th Inf.; must. Jan. 1, 1802; disch. Jan. 19, 1805. Lewis, James IF., Co. K, 19lh Inf.; must. Aug. 25, 1862; killed at Gettysburg. Lil>by, A. J., Co. D, 25th Inf ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862. Lunt, William H., Co. D, 25th Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1802. Lubee, Levi, Co. H, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864; trans, to Co. G. Linscott, Jas. E., Co. H, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. G, 1804 ; died June 22, 1864. Lunt, Lewis H., sergt., Co. D, Sth Inf.; must June 24, 1.801. Lubee, William, Co. D, Sth Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; disch. with company. McAllister, William B., Corp., Co. B, Sth Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Moody, William C, Corp., Co. D, Sth Inf.; must. June 24, 1804. McClay, Thomas, Co. D, Sth Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. Manning, Stephen H., q.in. selgl., Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Miller. Samuel, Co. D, Sth Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 1, 1861. Merrill, James W., Co. K, 1st Cav. ; mnst. Nov. 2, 1861. Merrill, Albert 0., Co. K, 1st Cav. ; must. Nov. 2, 1801. McDonald, Miclmol, must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; died at New Orleans, Oct. 17, IS&i. Moouy, Nicholas, C^. C, 31st Inf.; must. March 23, 1804; disch. May 19, 1865. Mitchell, Chas. R., Co. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Feb. 24, 1862 ; disch. Sept. 21, 1864. Moody, James, (i). B, 7th Int.; must. Aug. 21, 1801. Moody, Alonzo, Co. B, Sth Inf.; must. Oct. 8, 1861. Malidy, Jas., Co. K, ISlh Inf. ; must. Dec. 17, 1861 ; reK.nl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mugee, Joseph, Co F, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1861. Miller, Samuel, Co. F, IStli Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1861. 434 HISTURY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Milcholl, Ohailcs B., Cu. F, 15th Inf. ; must. Doc. 12, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 21, 18G4. McDonough, Miclim-I, Oo. F, ISth Inf.; miwt. Doc. 12, 1801. Moore, Goo. W., 4tli Mouiiloil Art.; iniist. Dec. 21, 1801. Morse, John, Co. B, 1st Ciiv.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; detached 1804; disch. Dec. 20, 1804. McLiiin, Tliouins B., Co. K, 20lh Inf. ; must. Aug. 2D, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Miller, Willinm, Co. D, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Nudil, Daniel II., wagoner, Co. D, 20lh Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Noyes, Churlea J., sergt., Oo. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Neail, Enoch F., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29,1802; pro. to Corp. and sergt.; disch. 1804. Noyos, Charles F., Corp., Co. A, lltli Inf ; must. Nov. 7, ISOl. Noyes, Frank, Co. A, Uth Inf.; must. Nov. 7, 1801. Owen, Jires W., Jr., sergt., Co. 1), ,^tli Inf; must. June 21, ISGl ; disch. Aug. 20, 18C1. Owen, Jeremiah, Jr., 4lli Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 21, 1801. Priudle, William, Co. F, loth luf ; must. Oct. 4, 1801. Pollard, Joseph 11., Co. I, Sth Inf.; must. Sept. 7, 1861. I'ottor, William $., Co. B, 9tli Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 18G1 ; pro. to Corp.; killed July 23, 1804. Proctor, Warren, Co. K, 19th Inf.; must. Aug 25,1862; wounded at Gettys- burg. Perkins, Charles J., Corp., Co. D, 26lh Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1803; pro. to sergt. Parker, Gustavus, Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1863. Pollard, William P., Co. D, 25th In/: ; must. Sept. 29, 1863. Prince, Henry K.,Co. D,25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1803. Pierce, Elias D., Corp., Co. D, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1863. Pollard, William P., Co. E, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; died July 2, 1804. Pollard, Nathaniel, Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863; wounded April 9, 1804; died a prisoner in April. Pollard, Elisha, Co. E,30th Inf. Pierce, Elias D., veleran, Co. E, 301h Inf.; pro. to com. sergt. Richards, Joseph G., Corp., Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Kolierts, Charles C, mnsician, Co. B, 7lh Inf ; must. Aug. 21, 1861. Rackliffe, Nathaniel, Co. I), Sth Inf ; must. June 24, 1801. Itobiuson, John A., Co. II, 30th Inf ; must. Jan. 6, 1804; killed in action, April 23, 1804. Stanwood, Franklin, Co. D, 2d Sharpshooters; must. Feb. 24,1804; missing in battle. May C, 1804. Stanwood, Daviil A., Co. D, 26tli Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Swell, Ebeu, Co. D, 25th Inf j must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. Dec. 10, 1802. Swett, Samuel, Co. D, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Stone, George E., Co. D, 25tli luf; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Stone, George E., sergt., Co. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1803 ; wounded April 23, 1801 ; trans, to Vet. Kes. Corps. Sawyer, George A., Corp., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1803 ; died Dec. 26, 1864. Sawyer, James, Co E, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 29, 1863; died March 24, 1804. Sawyer, James S., Co. E, 30th Inf ; nmst. Dec. 29, 1803 ; died May 18, 1804. Stroul, Joseph W., Co. H, 3(llli Inf ; must. Jan. 0, 1804 : trans, to Co. A. Smith, Henry S. B., Co. C, 32d Inf ; must. March 23, 1864 ; pro. to asst. surgeon. May 0, 1864. Strout, Charles W., Co. D, 5th Inf; must. June 24,1861; trans, to Invalid Corps, September, 1862. Stone, Charles E., Co. D, 5tli Inf; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1801. Smith, Jeffeison, Co. D, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861; trans, to Invalid Corps, Feb. 16, 1864. Stimpson, Warren, Co. I, 81h Inf; must. Sept. 7, 1861 ; disch. 1801. Slinchfleld, Charles E., Co. I, 8th Inf; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Small, Lemuel C, corp., Co. B, 7th Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Smith, Melville, Co. K, 19th Inf ; must. Aug. 25, 1802 ; disch. Juno 0, 1865. Stilkcy, Andrew J., Co. A, 20th Inf; must. Feb. 10, 1806; disch. July, 1865. Stiinson, William U., sergt , Co. D, 26th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Sawyer, George A., sergt, Co. D, 251h Inf; nmst. Sep'. 29, 1862. Sawyer, William H., Co. D, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Simpson, William II., Co, D,25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Snow, Melvin S., Co. D, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Snow, Abi/.er F., musician, Co. D, 25tli Inf, must. Sept. 29, 1802. Shepherd, Marceilus N., Co. I), 3d Inf. ; must. Ang.l8, 186:1 ; trans, to I7lh Inf, 1804. Smith, James, 4th Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 21, 1801. Smith, Jeremioli, Co. F, 16th luf ; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; disch. for disability; died at New Orleans, Feb. 19, 1S04. Stroul, Ilobert P., Co. F, 15tli Inf ; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; disch. July 21, 1802. Tiir], John, Co. F, 15th Int.; must. Doc. 12, 1861; died at Brazos Island, Texas, Nov. 1, 1803. ThomiKon, Simon B., Co. F, 15lh Inf ; niu»t. Dec. 17, ISCl. Thayer, Phinney M., Co. B, 9lh Inf; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; sent to Fort Puliuiki, 1803. Thompson, Albert V., 4tli Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 21, 1801. Toothaker, Levi, Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. ; detached, 1863. Toothaker, Se h, Co. F, l.ilh Inf ; must. Jan. 1, 1862; re-enlisted. Toothaker, George A , Cu. K, 2uth Inf; mu«t. Aug. 29, 1862. Toolluiker. William II., Co. D, 25lh Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Thorn, John F., Co. K, 20tli Inf ; must. Aug 29, 1862 ; disch. June 15, 1S06. Town, A. BI, Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 20, 1802; died in prison at Richmond. Thomas, Benjamin C, Co. H, 31st Inf.; must. April 21, 1804 ; disch. July 31, 1805. Thomas, William II., Co. II, .31st Inf ; must. April 21, 1804. Vickery, Albert, Co. D, 6lh Inf; must. June 24, 1801 ; di.-ch. with company. Vickery, Charles B., Co. n,5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with comp;iny. Whitney, Durham, Co. D, 5lh luf; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. July 27, 1863. Willey, Samuel, 6tli luf Williston, George, Jr., C). F, Isl Cav. ; must. Oc t. 19, 1861. Ward, Geo. C, Co. F, 15lh Inl. ; must. Jan. 5, 1862 ; died in Louisiana, March 21, 1864. Ward, Albion, Co. F, 15lh Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 19, 1805. Ward, Joel, Co. F, 15lh Inf ; must. Dec. 12, 1801 ; disch. Jan. 19, 1865. Wci.tworlli, Alfred, Co. K, 7lh Inf; must. Aug. 21, 1801. Welch, Milton W., Co. B, 9ih luf; nmst. Sept. 22, 1801 ; killed May 18, 1804. Whitney, William II., Co. K, 20lh Inf ; must. Aug. 29,1862; wounded Sept. 30, 1804; disch. June 7, 1865. Wentworlh, Franklin, Co. D, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 20, 1862. Wiuslow, Stephen, Co. D, 25th luf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. White, David C, Co.E, 1st U. Art.; must. Aug. 27,1863, from 19th Maine Regt. Williston, George, Jr., 7lh Bat.Tlouuted Art. ; must. Dec. 30, 1863 ; disch. with company, June 1,1866. York, Charles D., Co. B, 91h Inf; must. Sept. 22, 1801. York, Abizer, Co. F, 15lh Inf ; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; re-enl. Feb. 1, 1804. York, Charles, L., Co. 1), 25th Inf; must. Sept. 20, 1H02. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Craig, Winchester D., llth Mass. Inf. Cobb, Dexter, 24th Mass. Inf Craig, Joseph, 5lh N. H. Kegt. Field, Albert C, Co. B, N. Y. Mounted Killeuu'u. Field, George P., U. S. Engineers. Haskell, Isaac L., 22d Mass. Inf Knowlllon, C, 22d Mass. Inf. Scott, Edwin, Mass. Kegt. BOWDOIN COLLEGE ROLL OF HONOR. Luther V. Bell, cKias 1823, brigade surgeon and medical director in Gen. Hooker's division ; died at Bndd's Ferry, February, 1802. Franklin Pierce, Hillsborough, N. H., class 1824; member of Congress, 1833; U. S. senator, 1837; attorney-generiil of the United States, 1845; general in the Mexican war; President of the Hnitid States, 1852-56. Sauford A. Kingsbury, class 1828, chaplain of an Illinois regiment. James Means, class 1833, superintendent of contrabands under Gen. Foster; died of typhoid fever while making provision for his charge. William Flye, class 1835, prof of mathematics, U. S.Navy, 1838-51 ; lieut., com- manding the**R. B. Forbes;'* trjins. to the " Monitor" after her battle with the "Merrimac;" lieut., commanding the '* Underwriter," "Ken- sington," "Benton" (iron-clad), and 5lh Div. Mississippi Squadron ; com- matider of the " Lexington" in 1866; honorably discharged, with thanks of the department. Luke Hill, class 1835, asst. Burg. ; died from disease contracted in the army. Alonzo Garcelon, class 1836, M.D., hosp. and div. surg. ; served three years and six months. Jonathan Donnell, class 1836, surg., 16th Maine Regt. J. W.T. Gardiner, class 18:16; West Point; maj. 2d U. S. Dragoons; acting asst provost-marshal of Maine; brevet col., U. S. A. Thomas F. Perloy, Bridgton, class 1837, med. inspector-general, U. S. A. Gideon S. Palmer, class 1838, brigade surg. ; div. med. director; med. director, hospital, Annapolis. Alfred Fletcher, class 1839, capt. 24th Maine Regt. Frederick Robie, Gorlnim, class 1841; M.D., Med. College, Phila.; served during the war as paymaster; brevet lieut.-col. Chas. M. lilake, class 1842, capt, U. S. Col. Troops; hosp. and regimental chap- lain. Kdmnnd A. CImdwick, class 1842, acting assist paymaster, U. S. Navy. W.lliam L. Hyde, class 1842, cai.t, 112lh N. Y. VoN. J. W. Page, class 1842, M.D., Univereity of JIaryliiml, 1848; sjiniUry iuspeclor during (ho war. .\bernelhy Grover, class 1843, chaplain and nniJ..13th Maine Regt.; provost- marshal at Donaldsville. William II. Farnhum, class 1844, private, 3d Oilifomia Inf ; three years. David R. Hastings, class 1844, miO., 12lh Maine Regt.; resigned. George Freeman Noyes, class 1844, capt on staff of Gen. Doubleday; pro. to Col. ; author of " The Bivouac and the liattlc-field," 1864. William Wirt Virgin, class 1844, lawyer, Portland; col, 23d Maine Regt, for ntlis' chaplain, 22d Ma Lewis L. Rocoftl, class 1845, Univorsalist clergyn setts Regt, May to October, 1864. O'Niel W. Ilobinson, class 1845, lawyer. Bethel ; capt, 4th Maine Battery ; chief of Art, 3d Corps; pro. to maj.; died July, 1864. William B. Snell, class 1845, lawyer, Fairfleld ; capt, I3th Maine Regt; honors ably disch. Novemlper, 1864. Frederic A. Ucau, class 1846, Ist California Cav.; lienl. in .301h Maine Regt; must, out August, 1865. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 435 Frederic D. S"«-alI, class 1840, lawyer, Bath; aist. nilj..gra., 1801; cul., 19th Maine Regt., July, 1S6'2; disch. for disability, Foliriiary, 1802; mnj.. Vet. Ues. Corps., June, 1863; col., 3d Regt.; brevet brig.-gen., July, 1805; in- spector under Gen. Howard, Freedmau's Bureau. Tliomas H. Talbot, cla«s 1S40, lawyer, Portland; lieut.-col., 18th Maine Kegt. Charles R P. Dunlaps, cla.ss 1846, Brunswick; acting asst. surg., U. S. Vols. Charles B. Merrill, class 1847, lawyer, Portland; lieut.-col , litli Maine Regt.; honorably disch. October, 1804. Isaac W. Case, class 1848, capt., Co H, 22d Maine Regt.; served under Gen. Banks at Port Hudson. Geo. W. Dyer, class of 1848 (did not finish his course), payina-ster, rank of ninj. Andrew J. Fitch, class 1848, Portland; M.D., 1851 ; surg., 70th N. Y. Vols. William F. Goodwin, class 1848, studied law and graduated LL.B., Harvard, 1854; 1st Iteut., 16th Inf., U. S. A., June, 1801; judge-advocate; acting adj. of the regt.; wounded at Chickaniauga; brevetted cai)t. and placed on the list of retired officers, January, 1805. Thomas H. Marshall, class 1848, maj., 4th Maino Regt.; pro. to lient.-col. and then to col. of the 7th Maine Regt. Zabiel Boylstou Adams, class 1849, surg., 32d Massachusetts Itegt., May, 1862 ; 1st lieut., November, 18G:i; capt,, December, 1803, 30th Massachusetts Regt.; pro. to maj. June 14, 1863. Augustus I. Burbank, class 1849, cai)t., 1st Maino Cav. ; resigned after a few mouths. William Hobson, class 1849, Standish; maj. and lieut.-cul., 17th Maine Hegt. Robert R. Thompson, class 1849, 1st lieut., 13th New aarapshire Regt.; killed in action at Fort Hariison, Va., Sept. 19, 1»64. Freeland S. Hidmes, cliiss 1850, surg., 6th Maine Regt.; died of diphtheiia, June, 1803. Oliver O. Howard, class 1850, graduated Wo»t Point, 1854; lieut. of ordnance; wounded at Fair Oaks, losing bis right arm ; pro. to maj.-gen. Novenilier, 1802; appointeil chief of the Freedmau's Bureau at the close of the war. John S. Sewell, class 1850, ch.iplain in 8lh Mis5. Vols. Daniel L. Eattm, class 1851, lawyer, Portbind; paymaster on Gen. Heintzel- maii's staff, rank of m ij., also at Washington: brevetted lieut.-col. U. S. Army. Augustus C. Hamlin, class 1851, M.D., Harvard, 1855; assist.-surg , 2d Regt.; brig, and div. surg. and medical inspector, rank of lieut.-col. ; brevetted col. ; author of " Martyria," a work on Andersonvillo prison. Hiram Hayes, class 1851, chief q.m. 4tli Corps, rank of lieut.-col. William H. Owen, class 1861 ; served as 1st lieut., :id Maine ; assist, q.m., capt., lieut.-col., and col.; chief q.m. 5th Army Corps. Charles W. Roberts, class 1851, lieut.-col., 2d Maine ; pro. to col. ; commanded a brigade, 5th Army Corps; brevetted brig-gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain, class 1852, prof, of rhetoric and oiatory, Bowdoin Col- lege, 1856; lieut.-col. and col., 20th Maine ; pro. to brig. -gen. on the field by Gen. Grant in front of Petersburg; wounded; president of court- martial ; brevetted maj.-gen.; led the advance in tlie last actiou, and was designated to receive the formal surrender of Gen. Lee. James D. Fessenden, cla«s 1852, lawyer, Portland; capt., 2d Regt. U. S. Sharp- shooters; col. U. S. Col. Troops; col. on maj.-gen. Hunter's staff; on Hooker's staff in campaign of Atlanta ; commanded a brigade under Gen. Sheridan ; brevetteil maj.-gen. " for gallant and distiuguislied services." N. C. Goodenow, chiss 1862, capt., 16th 111. Cav. ; on Gen. Sloneman's stafl' in army under Gen. Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta; lieut.-col.; served three years. Henry Stone, class 1852, graduated at Harvanl Divinity School; lieut. in Wis- consiTi regt.; assist, adjt.-geu. in provost-marshal's office, Washington, rank of capt. Ephraim C. Cummings, class 1853, chaplain 15th Vt. Rc-gt. George S. Kimball, class 1853; lieut., Ist Maine Cav.; killed in charge at Aldic, Va., June, 1863. Joseph McKi-en, class 1853, M.D., Brunswick ; served as vol. surg. William McArthur, class 1853, capt., Sth Maine; pruvost-marshal, HiUon Head, S.C; pro. to maj., lieut.-col., and col.; wounded al Cold Harbor; bre- vetted brig.-geti., March, 1865. George W. Bartlett, class 1854, chaplain of 14th Maine R.'gt. Cliarles P. Cliandler, class 1854, lawyer, Boston ; m.ij , 1st Mass. Kegt. ; killed at battle of Malvern Hill. John A. Douglass, class 1854, M.D., College of P. and G., N. Y., 1801 ; surg , 11th Mass. Regt., 1863 ; disch. October, 1864. Jeremiah H. Gilman, cla.ss 1854, left college in sophomore year; capt., 14th U. S. Inf. ; inspector of artillery on staff of Gen. Buell and Gen. Rose- crans ; brevetted maj. U. S. Army. Henry Clay Wood, class 1854, 2d lient., 1st Inf., U. S. Army ; served on frontier of Texas and Indian Territory; pro. Ist lieut.; wounded at Wilson's Creek, Mo. ; pro. to capt. ; pro. to maj. and assist. a,l«t llcut., 2d Nebmska Cav., nine months' service. Charles E. Shaw, class 18.55, Portland ; lieul.-col., 2Slh Maine Rogt. Thomas L. Andrews, class 1856, chap. 12th N. II. Regt.; studied theology at Union Theological School, N. Y. Isaac D. Balch, class 1856, onl. in Mass. Regt. FiUTik C. Davis, class 1856, lieut., 3d Pa. Cav. Rowland Bailey Howard, class 1850, served in U. S. Chris. Com. Enos T. Luce, class 1850, lieut.-col., 23il Maine Regt. James F. Miller, class 1850. lawyer, Portland ; nid-de-camp to GoTernor Wasli- burn, 1861 ; commanded fur a timo the 7th Maino Regt. at naltimore; assist, adjt.-gen., with rank of capt., 1862; assist, adjt.-gen. and acting Sec. of Slate of Louisiana under Gen. Sheplcy; acting mayor of New Orleans, 1863; resigned July, 1804. Edwin B. Palmer, 1850, chaplain of lOtli Maine Regt. Moses M. Robinson, 1850, aipt., 12th Maim Ilegt.; some time on deUichcd ser- vice in tlie State. William H. Smyth, 1856. Brunswick ; engineer in Kansas ; member firwt Kan.sa« Legislature; 1st lieut , 10th Regt., U. S. Army; distinguished himself in the advance on Muifrccsboro'; taken prisoner at Chickaniauga ; pro. to capt.; brevetted major " for meritorious services at Chickaniauga.'* Edward W. Tliompson, 1850, capt., 5th Maino Regt. (See 5tli Maine Regiment.) Goorge A. Wheeler, 1850, M.D., 1859, surgeon U.S. Vols.; in charge of hosp. 9th Army Corps; brevetted lieut.-col. Isa,ac H. Wing. 1850, studied law; served a.s lat lieut. of Wisconsin Regt. William H. Anderson, 1857, asst. paymaster, U. S. Navy. Samuel C. Belcher, 1857, capt., 10th Maine, June, 1862; taken prisoner at Get- tysburg; discharged on account of wound received in action near Sp^ilt- sylvania C.Mirt-House, M.iy, 1804; pro. t.i major, June 22. Louis H. Barstow, 1857. served as chaplain of the 14tli Vt. Regt. Edward T. Chapman, 1867, entered the Navy as asst. paymaster on the gnnlwat " Commodore Jones," and was killed when she was blown up by a tor- pedo in J.imes River, in 1804. Jolin N. Fuller, 1857, served in tho Uth 111. Regt. Henry S. Hagar, 1857, WiUi 1st liout. 7th Maine Regt., then adjt. ; resigned. John B. Haselton, 18.57, asst. paymaster, U. S. Navy. Charles Hamlin, 1857, major, 18th Maino Regt.; reorganized into the Isl II. Art., rank, July, 1802, asst. adjt.-gen., U. S. Vols., on staff of Maj.-Gen . Berry, 3d Army CoriJs; jisst. inspector of artillery ; lieut.-col., by brevet; brevet hrig.-geu.; commondeil by Maj.-Gen. Humphrey, for services al Gettysburg. John B. Hubbard, 1857, 1st lieut., Ist Bat. Mounted Art.; served under Banks; appointed asst. adjt.-gen., reserve brigade, under Gen. Weilzel ; fell loading a storniing-party at Port Hudson, May, 1803. Thomas H. Hubbard, 1857, adjt., 25th Maine Regt.; lieut.-col., 30th Maine Regt.; pro. to col.; brevetted brig -gen. Thomas F. Moses, 1857, M.D. at Jeffei>ion Medical College, 1800; asst. surgeon in transport and hospital service, U. S. Vols. Nathaniel A. Kobbins, 1857, private, 4th Maine Regt.; q.m. sergt., December, 1861; pro. to 2d lieut, April, 1862 ; wounded at Cliancelloraville; taken prisoner at Gettysburg; eleven months in Southern prisons. Gustavus A. Stanley, 1857, com. sergt., 8th 111. cav.; capt.. 28th Maine Regt., October, 1802; caiit., 2d Maino Cav., December, 1SC3; served under Gen. Banks. Department of the Gulf. Lyman S.Strickland, 1857, 1st lieut., 10th U. S. Inf.; pro. to capt.; resigned. James C.Strout, 1857, private, 32d Mass. Regt. George A. Bright, 1858, left during his coulee; M.D , Harvard, 1800; asst. sur- geon, U. S. Navy. ^ Samuel Brown, 1858, capt., lOlh Conn. Regt.; killed in action at South Moun- tain, Md., Sept. 22, 1802. Daniel C. Burleigh, 18.58, asst. surgeon, U. S. Navy. Sewall C. Charles, 1868, gmduatod with first ho.iora; (tmlied law; enl. private. I'th Maino Regt. ; died of consumption. Jonathan P. Cilloy, 1858, capt., 1st Maine Cav.; m.«., April, 1862; lieut.-col 1864; wounded at Winchester; Uken prisoner; paroled; wounded a White House Landing; brevetted col. and brig.-gen. for distinguished services at Five Koi ks and Appomattox Court-House. Fniukliu M. Drew, 1858, studied law; private, 15th Maine Eegt.; capt., De- cember, 1801; maj, September, 1802; served in Louisiana and Honda ; pres. court-martial, N. Y. ; brevetted lieut.-col. and col. ^ Fr mcis Fessenden 1858, Portland ; studied law ; began practice ni New York ; capt., 19th U. S. Inf. ; joined, with the regt., Gen. Uuell'. »nny Tenn., January, 1802; wounded in action at Shiloh. April. 1862; col. 'iSth Ma no ReEt,September,1862; col. 30th Maine Regt.; served in De,«irl men of the Gulf i lost a limb in battle on Cane River, La. ; pro. to bng.-gon. vol. ; brevetted maj., U.S. Army, for gallantry at Sh.loh : then lieut.-col.. U S. Army, for gallantry at Moun-.t's Bluff; November, pro. to m,U.-gen of vols . and brevetted col., U. S. Army, for meritorious service, during h. war • was member of the " Wirz" court-martial, Washington ; brevetted mai.-gen , U.S. Army; afterwards made asst. coinimssloner *-"f"'f' Bureau, State of Maryland. He earned the repuUtlon of « thorough GeorgrF ^1^:^:^^ ''■>«>- -»"■"'"« "" -""'■ r: t- '■ r :■ T 'Maine Regt.; m»], July, 1863 ; wounded at Drurj's Bluff; pro. to lieut,- col., thou col Septembe^.864;b,^e.J^..^^..^^^;^^ Lcander Hill, 1863, awyer, Rockland, capt., ioiu iiiai" *■ ' , .„ , Charlt K. Hutchlns;i858, capt.. 16.h Maine Regt. ; killed in action a, ► re..er- ick!iburg, December, 1802. 43G HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. William II. Savage, 1868, capt, IVIh Mnino Ilegt.; rrsigncd on ncconntof ini- pnirpd hoiiltli ; re-enl. as '2il Heiit., 7tli Maine Regt. ; pro. to Ist lieHt., Ut Vet. Vols.; l)rev. eapt. fur gallant conduct before Peterslmrg, April, I8C.'». Ellis Spear, 1858, capt., 2(Jtli Maine Itegt ; pro. to maj. ; wounded at North Anna ; brev, lieut.-col. for meritorious services near Poplar Grove Cliurch, when placed in comnuind of a briguile, and col., for gallantry at Quaker Koad, March, 18C5 ; chief of staff under Gen. Chamberlain ; brev. brig.-gen. James K. Tallman,185S,2d lieut., :id Maine Kegt.; quartermaster; brigade (i.m., rank of capt. Henry G. Thunuis, 1858, Portland ; gradmite Amherst College, 18f>9 ; capt., Otii Maine Kegt. ; ciipt., Iltli U. S. Inf.; col. commanding Irrig. U. S. Colored Troojis, Fenoo's I)iv., 9tii Corps; brig.-gen.; brev. maj.-gen. vols. ; brev. col., U. S. Army. Andrew J. ThomiMon, 1858; M.D., Harvard, 1802; snrg., 8th N. H. Kegt ; med- ical director on Mjy.-Gen. Davidson's stuff. John D. Anderson, 1859, Gray; 1st lient. in Wisconsin Battery. Charles II. liutterfield, 18.59, maj. and lieut.-col., gist Ind. Kegt. John C. Clmmlierlain, 18.59, chaplain, 14lh Maine Kegt. ; served on Christian Commission. Henry M. Folsom, 1859, did not fluisli his couiso ; 2d lieut., 7lh Maine Kegt, ; resigned. Charles H. Howard, 1859, lieut., 3d Maine Regt. ; ai.l-de-camp to Gen. Howard ; pi-o. to capt.; brev. nny. and lieut. h-oI.; col., U.S. Col. Troops; Lrev. brig - gen.; as-^l. com., Freedmen's Bureau. Charles Winlhrop Lowell, 1859, capt., 80:h U. S. C(d. Troops ; pro. to maj. ; brev. lieut.-col. vols, "for faithful and nteriturions services during tlie war;" provost-marshal, Louisiana. George W. Merrill, New Gloucester, 1859; capt., U. S. Col. Troops; maj., 00th Illinois Kegt. Alfred Mitchell, Yarmouth, 1859; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1805; asst. snrg., 9th Maine Regt. Edward M. Rami, Portland, 1869 ; studied law; adj., 27lh Maine Regt. Howard M. Kand, 1859, as>t. surg., C4th N. Y. Regt. ; appointed asst. surg., U. S. Navy, March, 18C4. Francis W. Sabine, 1859, 1st lieut. and 2d lieut., llth Maine Regt.; pro. to capt. for gallant conduct ; wounded at Beep Bottom ; died September, 18134. Caleb Saunders, 1869, studied law; eiil, as private, Cth Mass. Inf.; Ist liiut., 14tliMas.s. II.Art. George Webster, 18.59, 1st and 2d lieut. and capt., 12th Maine Kegt.; pro. to maj., 77tli U. S. Col. Troops. Albert P. Whittemore, 1859, private in Uen. Ro5ecra?is' department ; died at Vicksburg. Henry P. Worcester, 1859, lieut. and capt., 3d Maine Regt. ; wounded in bultio of Wilderness, May, 18C4. John F. Appleton, 1800, capt., 12th MaiTie Regt. ; distinguished at the siige of Port Hnilson ; col., V. S. Col. Troops, June, 180:1; brev. brig -gen. Kicholas E. Boyd, Portlaiul ; enl. as private, 25th Maine Regt., August, 1862; detached on U. S. Coast Survey near Washington ; rejoined his regiment. Albert W. Bradbury, 2d lieut., 1st Bat., Ist Mounted Art. ; pro. to maj., Ist Maine Lt. Art., September, 1804 ; chief of art. on ttaflf of Maj.-Gens. Emory and Torhert: brev. lieut.-col. "for conspicuous gallantry at Winchester and Cedar Creek ;" brev. col. Harlan P. Brown, 2d lieut , 7th Maine Regt. ; pro. to capt. ; killed while cheer- ing on his men at Antietam. John M. Brown, Portland ; read law; adjt., 25tli Maine Regt.; asst. adj.-gen. on Btiiff of Gen. Ames, rank of capt.; pro. to lieiit.-col., 32d Maine Regt.; brev. col. foi- gallant conduct at Gettysburg; biev. brig.-gen. Alvau F. Bnrnham, Yarmouth ; M.D., 1SG4 ; 2d lieut., 25th Maine Kegt. ; asa. surg., Mass. Cav. Horace H. Burbank, private, 27tli Maine Kegt.; q.m. sergt., December, 1862; capt., 32d Maine Regt., July, 1863 ; taken pris. in front of Petersburg ; es- caped and joined his regiment; capt., 3ldt I\laine Regt., by consolidation. George Gary, Ist lieut., Ist Maine Cav.; detailed to comnuind Gen. Ord's escort ; pro. to capt., December, 1862; resigned ou account of ill health. Fuller G. Clifford, private, 28tll Maine Regt.; served one year. Simon A. Evans, M.D., 1865, hospital steward, 13th Maine Regt.; asst. surg., 14th Maine Kegt., March, 1803. Seth C. Farriugton, began the study of law; must, in November, 1863, capt., I2tli Maine Regt.; judge-advocate on the staff of Gen. Reynolds, with rank of maj.; brev. lieut.-col. Woodbury G. Fl'ost, Biunswick; appointed acting asst. surgeon, l". S. Navy, June, 1804. Charles W. Ganiiuer, Corp., 3d Maine Regt. ; became captain ; was on the staff of Biig.-Gen. Ullman, New Orleans; engineer-in-chief at Port Hudson; provost-marshal district St. Bernard atul Piaquemine ; wounded in action at Fair Oaks ; taken prisouer at 2d Bull Run, and exchanged, Novemlier, 1802. William A. Garnsey, did not complete his colb-ge course; sergt., 12th Slaine Regt.; capt., 2d Louisiana Kegt. David Hale, Bridgton, lawyer; served a few mouths in the 23d Maine; discli. on account of ill health. Wm. D. Haley,2d lieut., 3d Maine Regt. ; subsequently q ni.; res. Augn8t,1801. Edwin A. Harlow, graduate Bangor Theol. Seminary; settled as minister in Kanstus; served in Kansas 4tb Militia Regt., to repel the invasion of Mi-soui i by Gen. Price. William L. Uiuikell, 1st lieut., 7lli Maine Regt.; acting adjutant in the batlle of Antietam, wlierc he was wounded; died Oct. 18, 1802. Grauville P. llawes, Ist lieut., 128tli N. Y. Regt.; comml«sary of staff of Gen. Emory. 8th Corps ; attached to the staff of Maj.-Gen. Grovcr, after the siege of P>u't Hudson, then reported to Maj.-Gen. Herron, Texas; res. in spring of 1805. Frederic A. Kendall, private in llth Indiana Zouaves; 2d lieut., 4th N. II. Regt.; pro. to Ist lieut. and capt.; in 1865, A. C. H., staff of Brig.-Gen. R. 11. Jaeksiin, 25th Corps, Texas expedition. James Henry Holibs Ilewett, private, 8th Maine Regt.; promoted successivi-iy to q.m. sergt., 2d lieut., Ist lieut., adjt., capt.; wounded in action el Bice's Station, Va. ; disch. for disaliilily. Kxekiel R. Mayo, Ist lieut., 3d Maine Bat. ; assigned to cav. brigade of Gen. Bayard ; in tlie force of Gen. Fremont; pro. to capt., 3d Maine Bat., June, 1803; in gdi Ainiy Corps, under Burnside. dairies S. McCobb, hosp. steward, 4ili Maine Regt.; taken prisoner at Ist Bull Run ; paroled fi om Libby prison ; 2d lieut , Janimry, 1863 ; shut through the lungs at Gettysburg, and died in two lionra. James W. North, graduated M.D., 1804; asst. surg , 107lh U. S. Col. Troops, at Louisville, Ky. ; honorably disch. June, 1865. Walter S. Poor, private, lUlh N. Y. Regt., 1801; pro. to 2d lient, Ist lieut., capt. ill 1st N. Y. Rifles, and to lieut.-cul. N. C. Loyal Vols. ; provost- uiarslial of Beaufort; lieut.-col. U. S. Cid. Art. Tlionuis B. Reed, Portland ; appointed acting as^t. paymaster, U. S. Kavy, April, 1804. Abram N. Rowe, N. Yarmouth ; nine mouths in 25lh Maine Regt.; Ist and 2d lieut., 3Ulh .Maine Kegt ; died of typhoid IVver at Winchester, Va. Adiliiert B. Twitchell. q.m. sergt, 5th Maine Regt.; 2d lieut. 5tli Bat., 1st Mounted Art. ; wounded in aclion at Chancellorsville, May, 180!; com- capt.; autlionzed to raise 7lh Maine Bat.; brevetted maj. for meritorious services befure Petersburg. Francis W. Webster, privat.-, ISth Maine Regt. ; deUiled clerk of military cum- missiun, Wusiiiiigtun; ciipt. 3il U. S. Cul. Troops ; military governor of Florida. ISOl.— Weiidall A. Anderson, Gray ; medical cadet, U. S. Army ; surg. 3d Mary- land Kegt. Edward L. Appleton, Ist lieut., V. S. Art.; did not complete college course. Nelson P. Cram, Brifigton ; entered llth Maine Regt., immed.ately after gradu- ating, as sergt. ; died October, 1802, of ilisease of the lungs, caused by measles taken in camp at Wasliington. William W. Eaton, Brunswick ; M.D , New York, 1804; enl. lOIh Maine Regt. ; hosp. steward, February, 1»63 ; asst. surg., then surg., December, 18&1. Edwin Emery, priiiciiial of high sciiool, Gardiner and Belfast; enl. nth Maine as substitute for a friend; color-sergt., April, 1804; twice wounded in Wilderness; com. 2d lieut. Loris Farr, sergt., 19tli Maine Regt; pro. to 2d lieut., to 1st lieut., and capt.; wounded at Cold Harbor; res. from effects of wounds. Samuel Fessendeu, Portland, began study of Law ; 2d lieut., 2d Bat, 1st Mounted Art; pro. to Ist lieut.; aid-de-camp to Brig.-G»n. Tower, July, 1863; severely woumled at 2d Bull Run, August 30 ; died next morning. (See Adj.-Gen.'s Report, 1863.) Albion Howe, 2d lieut., 14tli N. Y. H. Art., 9lh Army Corps; aid-de-camp to Brig.-Gen. Howe: inspector of artillery, U. S. Army; maj., 14lh N. Y. Art.; brevetted lieut.-col. Charles 0. Hunt, Gorham, 6th Maine Bat., q.m. sergt. ; pro to 2d lieut. May 1803; wounded at Gettysburg; taken prisoner, June 18; pro. to 1st lieut. Thomas W. Ujde, capt; pro. to maj., 7th Maine Regt; won distinction in Peninsula campaign ; inspector-general under Gen. Smith, 1803; ou staff of Gen. Sedgwick, aid-de-camp and piovost-niarshal ; on staff of Gen Wright, in successive campaigns to Petersburg and Shenandoah; lieut.- col. December, 1803; col., 1st Maine Vet. Vols.; commanded 3d Brigade, 2d Div., 0th Army Corps, during last year of war; military governor at Danville, Va.; brevetted biig -gen. July, 1805, " for conspicuous gallan- try before Petei^burg." Samuel Jordan, asst. paymaster, U. S. Navy, on sloop-of-war " Vincennes," ou "Wamsutta," off South Carolina and Georgia, and Gulf Squadron, 1803; died at home, of consumption, August, 1865. George B. KeniusUui, 1st lieut., 6th Maine Regt.; taken prisoner at 1st Bull Run; rejoined his regt February, 1803; disch. for disability; returned to Washington, November, 1863, and commissioned capt., 2d U. S. Col. Troops. Edw.ird P. Loring, 1st lieut., 13th Maine Regt; August, 186:1, pro. to capt., 1st Louisiana II. Art (colored); pro. to niivj., U. S. Cot Troops; brevet lieut.-col. Augustus N. Lufkin, enl. 2d Maine Regt; served two years; trans, to 2utb Maine Regt, Corp.; commissioned capt., regt. colored troops; served in Army of tlui Potomac, James, and Texiu) expedition. Stephen H. Manning, q.m., 1st Maine Regt.; 1st lieut. and regt. q.m., 5lh Maine Kegt., August, 1862, Ist Div., 6th Corps; capt. and asst. q.m.; division q.m.; chief q m. of the corps; brev. m;ij., October, 1804; brev. lieut.-col. "for faithful and meritorious services during the war;" lieut.-col. and chief qm., 6lh Army Corps; chief, q.m.. Provisional Corps, Army of the Potomac; August, 1865, col and chief q.m, brevet brig.-gen. Wm. W. Morrell, began study of law ; 2d lieut., August, 1862 ; 1st lieut, Janu- ary, 1863 ; pro. to capt., October 29 ; shot through the breast and iustautly killed while leading his company at Spoltsylvauiu, 1864. Alpheus S. Packard, Jr., Brunswick ; M.D., 1804; Cambridge scieutific depuit- lueut, under Prof. Agassiz, two years; asst surg., 1st Maine Vols., otii Corps, in Grant's last campaign. ROSTER OP SOLDIERS. 437 Clias. B. Rminds, entered 30th Maine Regt., July, 18G3 ; lieut., 22d Maine Eegt. ; wounded in action ; pro. to capt. June, 1865. Edward Simonton, 33d Massachusetts Regt., 1802; entered 20th Maine Rept.; 1st seigt.,2d lieut, Ist lieut,. Anally capt., Ist U. S. Gd. Troops; wounded in first assault on Petersburg; lirev. maj. and lieut.-col. 'Mbr gallant and meritorious conduct during the war;" appointed 2d lieut., 4tU U. S. Inf., and tlien 1st lieut. H. S. B. Smith, Bridgton ; private, 32d Maine Regt.; commissioned asst. uurg. Api il 19, 1864. George E. Slubb«, M.D., Harvard, 1863; asst. suig., U. S. Vols., I8G1; brevet, capt., U. S. Vols., January, 1866, " for faithful and meritorious seivices." Joseph B. Upham, 3d asst. engineer, U. S. Navy, Kovimber, 1862 ; pro. to 2d asst. engineer, July, 1866. Sylvjinus D. Waterman, 3d Massachusetts Regt. ; nine months on duty in North Carolina. 1802— Frederic H. Beccher, 16th Maine Regt., 2d lieut, Ist lieut. ; wounded severely at Fredericksburg and Gettysburg; pro. to capt., but compelled to leave by lii.s injuries; afterwards 1st deut., Vet. Res., and 2d lieut., U. S. Inf. Merville A. Cochrane, capt., 16th U. S. Inf.; seventeen months in rebel prison, escaping twice, and retaken ; rejoined his regt. March, 1865 ; brevet maj. William E. Douuell, Portland ; adj., 20th Maine Regt., September, 1863; brevet capt., July, 1864, '-for gallant and dislingnished services at battle of North Anna," etc. ; wounded at Bethesda Clinr'ch; brevet major II. S. Vols. ; aid-de-camp, provost-marshal, and chief of ordnance to Gen. Chamberlain, 1st Div., 5th corps. George W. Edwards, entered service August, 1802, 2d lieut,; pro. to 1st lieut. ; judge-advocate brigade court-martial ; killed in action at Fredericksburg, Deicmber, 1862, gallantly leading his men in a bayonet charge. James D. Krskine, must, in Jnne, 1861, 1st lieut., 4th Maine Regt.; capt. Nov. 1, 1801 ; compelled to leave after nearly a year's service on account of sickness ; died at home Jatniary, 1863. Alinon Goodwin, Baldwin; 2d lieut., 19th Maine Regt.; resigned on account of severe illness; honorably discharged. Thomas H. Green, capt. ; on staff of Gen. Prince, asst. adj.-gen. ; killed at battle of Cedar Mountain, in attempting to rescue his commander. Gen. Pr ince. Will, am A. Hobbie, 16th Iowa Regt. ; in Army of the Teuu&ssee under Gen. Sherman. Henry H. Hunt, Gorham; enl. 5th Maine Bat. Aug. 21, 1802; confined with se- vere illness in hospital two months; 1863, appointed hospital steward. Artillery Brig-ade, 1st Army Corps, in action at Gettysburg; rejoined 5tli Battery as private ; served in Grant's campaign from the Rtipiilan to the James, and in Shenandoah Valley. Frederic N. Huston, 2d lieut., 21st Maine Regt., September, 1862 ; 1st lieut., June, 1863 ; capt. at siege of Port Hudson, La. Willard M. Jenkins, 1st lieut., 17th Maine Regt.; died of bilious fever at Pools- ville, Md,, November, 1802. Augustus N. Linscott, capt., 21st Maine; nine months' regiment. Charles P. Mattocks, Baldwin (now lawyer in Portland); must. August, 1862; 1st lieut., 17th Maine R-gt.; pro. to capt., December, 1802; especially com- mended for gallant conductat Chancellorsville ; pro. to majcjr, December 1803 ; commanded the 1st U. S. ShariJShooters ; com. lieut.-col. of the 17th Regt., a position reserved for him till January, 1865, but never filled by him, as he had been taken prisoner at the battle of the Wilderness; in different prisons ten months ; brevet col. U. S. Vols. ; a double brevet for services at Amelia Springs, brevet brig.-gen. George E. Moulton, Westbrook ; did not complete his college course ; must. 2d lieut., 13th Maine Regt., November, 1861 ; served in Louisiana, Texas, and Virginia: com. successively 1st lient. and capt. ; trans, to 50th Maine Regt. as capt. ; judge-advocate in Winchester, Va. Joseph Noble, left college before completing his course; must. 2d lieut., 0th Maine ; pro. to 1st lieut. and capt. ; served in Southern Department and in Virginia; com. major, June, 1864; lieut -col., October, 1864. John M. Pease, pursued theological course in New Hampton, N. H.; enl. in 25lh Maine Regt. for nine months. John E. Pierce, enl. in 39th Wisconsin Regt., as orderly sergt., one-hundred- day Vols., then in Ist Wisconsin H. Art., and served till close of war. Howard L. Prince, Cumberland, q.m. sergt., 20th Maine Regt. ; lieut., February, 1864 ; wounded in action, Siwttsylvania C.-H. ; aid-de-camp on Brig.-Oen. Bartlett's staff; brev. capt. V. S. Vols., for gallant and meritorious ser- vices at battle of Peeble's Farm, Sept. 1804; judge-advocate on Gen. Chamberlain's staff, 1st Div., 5th Corps, March, 1806; served from An- tietam through the war. Isaac W. Starbird, capt. 19th Maine Regt; brigade inspector, 1804, on staff of Gen.Mottlet Brig.,4lh Div., 2d Army Corps; October, 1864, pro. to maj.; November 8, pro. to lieut.-col., and col., November 16 ; wounded severely at High Bridge ; brev, brig.-gen. for good services, April, 1865. F. A. Stevens, capt., 13th Maine Regt. ; sei ved on Mississijjpi and Red Rivers. Josiah A. Temple, began study of law ; enl. 17th Maine Regt., August, 1863 ; wounded at Mine Run ; after some months in hospital rejoined his regi- ment ; continued till disch. for disability, June, 1805. Almon L. Varney, Windham ; must Ist lieut, 13th Maine Regt, December, 1861 ; pro. to capt. August, 1862; served under Gen. Butler; appointeil by the President lieut in Ordnance Dept., U.S. Army, February, 1805. Henry Warren, left college near close of junior year; mast Ist lieut., 7th Maine Regt., August, 1801 ; twice wounded on the first day of battle of Wilder- ness; pro. to capt.; instantly killed on last day of the battle. May, 1804. William W. Webster, did not prosecute his college couree; enlisted in Oilifur^ nia Regt. Man us Wigh'.enl. in 29lh Maine Regt; served in Louisiana; com. lieut, 4lh U. S. Cav., U. S. Od. Troops. Arthur B. Arey, 1803, U. S. Navy ; did not prosecute his college course. Delon A. Abbott, did not prosecute bis college course ; hospital steward, August, 1802; pro. to assist surg in 9th Maine Itegt. John Le B. Andrews, inl. in 911i Maine Regt ; did not complete Ills college Charles U. Bell, enl. in 42d Mass., onc-hunilred-day men. George E. Brown, must sei gt., 22d Maine Regt., October, 1862 ; pro. to Ist lieut ; served on the Mississippi, in Gen. Grover's Div.; volunteered with Capt Ca.se (class of 1848) and five men to form a storming-purly at Port Iludton. John W. Di.\bury, attached to the Telegraph Corps, Gen. Foster's Department James M. Howe, left college in junior year; must. September, 1802; com. 2d lieut, 23d Maine Rigt Hamilton S. Lowell, Windham ; left college in sophomore year; com. 2d Heut., pro. to 1st lieut; capt., 12th Maine Regt; wounded in battle at Winches- ter, Va. George M. Pease, Bridgton ; private, 7th Maine Bat. Daniel M. Phillips, Gorham ; did not finish his college course ; com. 1st lieut, 12th Maine Regt., then capt; killed in action at Winchester, Va. Adoniram J. Pickard, com. 1st lieut, 2d Maine Cav. Evans S. Pillsbury, did not complete his college course; must. Oct. 1801 ; pro. 1st lieut., 1st Maine Cav. ; disch. for disability. Horace L. i'iper, did not complete his college course; 1st lieut., U. S. Col. Troops. James W. Poor, did not complete his college course ; sergt. and 1st lieut, Maine Cav. Frank C. Remick, enl. ns private one hundred days. John H. Roberts, did no' complete his college course ; enl, as private, 15th N. H. Regt, Andrew It G. Smith, Bridgton ; hosp. steward, 2d Maine Cav. ; assist, surg. S. P. Newman Smyth, Brui.swick; began a theological course at Bangor; ap- pointed assist librarian and instructor, Nornail Academy, Newport, R. 1. ; left to join the aimy ; 1st lieut ,16th Maine Regt, 51 h C<'r|is; commanded his company in advance on the Weldon Railroad uud at Hatcher's Run ; acting q.m. of the regt. Edward L.Sturtevant, must. October, 1862; lat lieut., 24th Maine Regt; pro. to capt. If64.— Charles Bennett Bridgton ; sergt, 23d Maine Regt; left College, then returned and finished his college coui-se; 2d lieut; 1st lieut, 19th Maine Regt. ; partiei|>ated in the operations near Petersburg. Samuel S. Caswell, must. Aug. 1863, 1st N. H. H. Art.; relumed and finished his rolli-ge course ; pro. to 1st lieut, 18th N. K. Vols., November, 1804 ; adjt. of the same. Owen W. Davis, served in Rhode Island Cav. (three months). John Deering, enl. in 13th Maine Regt, Jan. 1862; did not complete liiscol- lege course ; disi h. for disability, in August. Enoch M. Deering, HaiTison; did not ccmplele his college course; must. De- cember, 1861 ; died at home. June. 1862. Frederick R. Estabrook,did not prosecute his colb go course; a.ssist. surg, 24lh Maine Regt, 1862; died in the service, Feb. 24, 1863. Enoch Foster, must December, 1861 ; com, 2d lieut.; pro. 1st lieut., 13lh Maine Regt; resigned. Sandford 0. Frye, acting assist paymnsler's clerk U.S. monitor "Monlauk;" died of fever at Hilton Head, Dec. 1864. William M. Gerrish, Portland ; sergt., 19th Maine Regt; pro. 2d lieut, acting adjt. ; died of congestion of the brain, February, 18^1. Calvin h. Hayes, sergt.-maj, 27tli Maine Regt.; adjt., 32d Maiuo Regt., S>. G, 7lh Inf. ; mu.t. Aug. 21, 1801 ; reduced by hig own request, 1862. Waterhouse, C. H., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Waterhouse, Charles H., sergt,, Co. E, 17tb Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died Dec. 20, 1862. Wheeler, William, Co. E, 171h Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1SG2; disch. Sept. 12, ISO. Willard, Henry E , Co. A, 1st Inf ; must. JLiy 3, 1861 ; company disch. Aug. 5, 1861. York, Jas. B , Co. B, Isl Inf. ; must. .May 3, 1801 ; company disch. Aug. 6, 1861. FOKEIGN ENLISTMENTS. Aulhou, .lolin, 13tli Illinois Iiil'. Bolton, Charles D., U. S. Navy. Chanibere, Willi, ni, V. S. Navy. Dyer, Willimn, Washington, D. C. Cav. Farren, Anthony, U. S, Navy. Hayes, James E , U. S, Navy. Haitman, Stephen, 17th U. S. Inf. Johnson, Lovier N,, 991h Pennsylvania Inf. Knight, Noah B., 17th U, S. Inf. Liudsay, William H., 54th Pennsylvania Inf. Pool, William. U. S. Navy. Tinker, John, U. S. Navy. York, James, 33d Pennsylvania Inf. CASCO. Archibald, Amos C, Co. D, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1801 ; trans, to Vet, Res. Corps, April 30, 1804. Browu, George L,, Co. B,8th Inf.; must. SepL 7, 1861. Berry, Jeremiah, Co. C, 18th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died at Washington, Jan. 4, 1863. Brackett, Charles E, Co. C, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Jan. 28, 1863. Dyer, Addison F., 27th Inf.; must. April 11, 1804. Dyer, John, Co. C, 17th Inf; mnst. Aug. 18, 1802 ; disch. March 10, 1863. David, Thomas J,, Co. D, loth Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1801 ; died Nov. 24, 186:). Davis, Eben, Co. D, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. at New Orleans, July 15, 1862, Emery, Charles C, Co. D, 5th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Edwards, Abial H,, Co. K, 9th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Quimby, Charles H., Co. 1, 9th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, IS61. Graffnm, Henry, Co. C, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 180i; pro. to Corp.; wounded May 6, 1804. Holden, Samuel M., Co. B, 1st Cav.; must. October, 1861. Hall, Jordan M., sergt., Co. C, 17lh Inf.; must, Aug. 18, 1362; pro. to let sergt. and 2d lieut., Co. F. Hols, John, lieut., Co. C, 29th Inf.; must. Feb. 7, 1865; disch. Feb. 7, 1866. Lord, John, Co, E, 13th Inf,: must, March 24, 1865. Maxfleld, Levi C, Co. C. 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 19, 1861; disch. wilh company. Meserve, Alnnzo, Co. D, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; dieil at Ship Island, May 24, 1802. Max field, John T., Co. G, 14th Inf ; must. Dec. 12, 1861. McLellan, John Corp., Co. K, 5th Inf.; must Juno 24,1801; pro. to 2d lieut. May 1,180.1. McLellan, William, Co. K, 5th Inf.; must. Nov. 9, 1801. Mesi-rve, John, Co. K, 5th Inf. ; must. Nov. 9, 1801. Noble, George W., Co. F, 6lh Inf. ; nuist. Juno 24. 1861. Pinkham, William L., musician, Co. II. 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 12, 1801. Pinkhain, Albert M., 27th unassignml coin|>anyof Inf, ; must. April 6, I8CS. Ring, Cyrus L., Co. U, 19th Inf.; must. Dec. 30, 1863; missing in battle, Aug. 25, 1864. Ring, Si'th C, 28tli Co. Inf.; must. April II, 1865. Spillor, Alphous, 27lh Inf.; must. April 11, 1865. Svmoiid8,OrasmU8, Co. G, lilh Inf, ; must. Aug. 18, 1862, sillier Orrin B Co. C, 17th Inf.; mu,t. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. March 10, 1863. Spiller! Josiah G. M., sergt, Co, C.17tl. Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; reduced. 1803; trans, to Vet. Hes, Corps, 1864. Skinner, George F,, Co. H, 6th Inf. ; mu.t. July 15, 1861. Spiller, Joshua S., Co. K, .5th Inf.; must. Nov. 0, 1861. Stewart, Talbot G.. Corp., Co. K, 6tb Inf. ; mmt. June 24, 1861; reduced; do- tached Thurston, Jacob, Co. D, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1801. Tubbs, Harlan B., Co. C, 13th Inf.; must. Jan. 19, 1864; disch. from hosp I..I, June 12, 1805. 440 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUiNTY, MAINE. Wliiliioy, .Iiiines, Co. E, l»t Inf.; must. M.iy :i, 1861. VVkli, William A., Co, I!, l«t Inf.; must. May :i, 1801. Wiglit, llpzckiali C, Co. F, 8tli Iiif ; must. Si-pt. 7, 1861. Wliitni'.v, Jam's, scrgt., Co. I!, lllli Inf.; must. Nov. 8, 1861. Wclcli, Williiuu A., sprirt., Co. D, 151h Inf. j must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; leducod, 186-2 ; disch. ,Inn. 19, 186.i. Wckli, RoI.ei-t B., Co. I), ISth Inf. ; nui«t. I).>r. 13, isr.l ; pro. to corp., 1803 ; re- enl. Jan. 25, 1804 ; pro. to scTnit. Winslow, Josiali.Co. A, Bill luf ; must. June 21, 1801. Welch, SteplienS.,0).G,17tli Inf.; must. Aug. IS, 1862; pro. to .-orp, and sergl.; disch. with comp'iny. Witluim, Ilonry, Co. G, ITth Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; killed at Gill.vsliurg, July 3. Winstow, Vernon F., Co. E, lOIli Inf ; mu-t. Jan. 4, 1864 ; trans, to 1st Maine II. Art. Wight, Marcus G., Co. C, Hlh Inf.; mu-t. Dee. L9, lS6:i; died Feb. 15, 1803, on passage to New Orleans. Whitney, William, C.i. It,r>lh Inf.; must, Pee. 17. 1861; wounded at Antietam; tians. to 1-t Maim- Veleians in 1804. FDSEI3N ENLISTMENPS. Hall, Charles E.,-lh Mass.-lnf. I'iukham, Alphuuy.o II.. Otii Mas-:. Inf. rinkham, Fernando 1"., 6th Mass. Inf. CUMBERLAND. Adkins, Moses, Co- B, 2Slh Inf.; must. .Sept. 20, 1862; disch. with company, July 10, 1861. Barston, Jeremiah R., Co. E, Hlh Inf. ; nuist. Aug. 18, 1802; missing May 12, 1864. Blanchard, Solomon L., Co. E, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1802; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1804. WaTicliard, Homer E., Co. E, nth Inf.; must. Aug. 18. 1862; died Dec. 1, 1802. lilaochard, Joseph H., Co. B, 2.5tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; died Dec. 7, 1803. Blani hard, David L., regimental lianil ; must. Oct. 6, 1801 ; disch. in September, 1862, uuder order mustering out reg mental bands; re-enlisted. Coffin, Kufus, Co. G, 13lh Inf.; must. , Ian. 16,1662; pro. to Corp.; trans. Jan. 0, 1865. Clougli, Simon L., Co. B, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. wilh company. Doughty, George H., Co. B, 25lh Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. witli company. Doughty, George H , Corp., Co. ¥, 3l)th Inf. ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Eaton, Cyius H., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. wilh company. Farwell, Francis 0., Co. B,-i5th Inf ; nm-it. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. witli company. Farwell, Simon L., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. '29, 1862; disch. with company. Greeley, Horatio, corp., Co. B, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with com- pany. Greeley, Charles, Co. E, 17lh Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; wounded May 5, 1804. Gould, Samuel, Co. G, 2d Inf. ; must. Dec. 21, 1861 ; disch. J.in. 17, 1862. Greeley, Horace B., sergt., Co. G, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1862; disch. Jan. 6, 1805. Hanley, Thomas, Co. A, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Hall, William T., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Heron, Daniel, Co. A, 20th Inf.; must. Feb. 8, 1863; disch. June 6,1865. Hanby, Thomas, sergt., Co. E, 29lh Inf.; must. Nov. 13, 1863. LatliJim, Seward M., Co. G, 5tli Inf.; must. Aug. 30, 1802; trans, to Ist Maine Vets., 1804; pro. to Corp. Latham, James F., Co. B, 26th Inf. ; mnit. Sept. 29, 1802; pro. to sergt.; discli. with company. Leighton, Elias F., Co. B, 251h Inf.; must.'Sept. 29,1862; di^ch. with company. Leighton, Moses W., Co. B, ■25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Leighton, Patrick II., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; d;sch. with com- pany. Meserve, Vincent, Co. E, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1863; dis. h. March 27, 1804. Morris'Ui, Jolui T., Co. C, I2th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1801. Monnlf .rl, Uollis R., sergt., Co. B, 25tli Inf.; mu*t. Sept. '29, 1802; pro. to 2d lient. Merrill, William H. C, Co. B, 25lh Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Merrill, .loslah, Jr., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Moun'.fort, Daniel H., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Mountfort, James W., Co. B. 26lh Inf.; must. Sipt. 29, 1862. Monnlfort, Oils A., Co. B, 25lh Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; di-ich.wilh cmipany. Prince, Fred.-rick C, 1st sergt, Co. C, 2d Cav. ; must. Dec. 3, lS6i. Prince, William B., Co. B, l.st Cav.; must. Fob. -20, 1864 : dio'l. Prince, Howard I., Co. A, -iOtli Inf.; joined as capt., Aug. 29, 1862 ; wounded May 8, 1804. Phalon. William, Co. A, 20th Inf. ; must. Feb. 7, 1805. Ridcout, Reuben, Co. B, Hth Inf ; must. Aug. IS, 1862; di.d at Washington, Oct. 17, 180-2. Kidcont, Jos'ph M., Co. B, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 1<<, 1802; wounded May 5, 1804; died. Riues, Charles F, Co. B, -25111 Inf; mn-t. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. wilh company. Smith, William, Co. A, 2lllh Inf; mu^t. Feb. 7, 1805. Stubhs, Daniel M., 5th Mounted Art.; most. Dec. 4, ISOI. Sanborn, James, Co. B, 25lh Inf. ; niuit. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Sanborn, .losiah, Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Shaw, Elias B., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. wilh company Thompson, George L., Co. B, 25lh Inf.; must. Sept. i'J, 1862; di.rton, John F., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1SC2; disch. with company. Osborne, Andrew P., Co. B, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Osborne, James II., Co. H, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Pease, John M., Co. H, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. wilh company. Purinton, William G. W., Co. B, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. Jan. 29, 1803. Pettengill, William H. H., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Pratt, Aretus E., Corp., Co. H, 5lh Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861. Roberts, Charles H., Co. I, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1861, Ramsib-II, Ebon H,, Co. B, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. R-ibiuson, Luther, Co. B, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. wilh company. Bohcrts, Charles H., Co. I ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; disch. June 10, 1862. Scott, Alonzo H., Co. I; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Swell, Alonzo K., Co. I ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; re-enl. in Co. C, 29th Inf. Smellidge, Augnslus, Co. D. ; must. Dec. 10, I8C1. ROSTER OP SOLDIERS. 441 Saunders, Stillman H., Co. Q, 5th Inf. ; must. June 2:), 1861. Soille, Henry, Co. G, 5th Inf.; must. June 23, I8I1I. Saunders, Samuel, Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1862; disch. witli companv. Shapley, Levi, Co. B, 12th Inf.: must. Nov. 20, 1S61. Wilson, Nathaniel B., musician, Co. B, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company, July 10, 1863. Walker, Emery 0., Corp., Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Woodbury, Ebenener, Co. B, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Wiswell, Charles A. D., Co. H., 25tli Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Waite, John A., Co. E, 8th Inf.; must. July 13, 1863; died at Fortress Monroe, Aug. 30, 18B4. Wilson, George W., Co. C, 37th Inf.; missing May 27, 1864. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Fletcher, Charles H., 15th Mass. Inf. Field, Alden, U. S. Army. Leightun, James G., Mass. Sharpshootei-s. Lihby, Fernalii, V. S. Army, Merrill, Alexander P., U. S. Navy, Merrill, Charles J., U. S. Engineers. Morrill, PanI E., V. S. Engineers. Marston, Andrew J., U. S. Engineers. Pool, Charles B., Mass. Cav. FREEPORT. Andn .ard P. S., Corp., Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; discli. with company. Adderton, William, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; died at Georgetown, D. C, April 20, 1863. Anderson, Andrew, Co. A, 12th Inf.; must. Feb. 10, 1866. Allen, Albion, Co. E, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. with company, June 4, 1865. Andrews, Tristram, Co D, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Banks, James H., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. 1S62; wounded May 15, 1864; arm amputated; disch. for disability. Bragdou, Josepli, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. April 21, 1864. Bailey, Maciah A., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Feb. 2, 1864 ; trans, from Co. K ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Bennett, Wm. F , Co. B, 30tli Inf. ; must. March 24, 1865 ; disch. with company. Brewer, Henry C, 1st sergt., Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company, July 10, 1863. Brewer, Anderson J., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862; died at Antietam, Md., Oct. 28, 1862. Brewer, Isaac D., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862 ; disch. June 19, 1863. Brewer, Charles H., Co. G, 5th Inf.; must. June 21, 1861; wounded Sept. 14, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Coffin, John W., Co. G, 12th Inf. ; must. March 1, 1865. Gushing, James E., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Coffin, Ansyl B., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; discli. Jan. 6, 1864. Coffin, Otis L., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. ; re-enlisted ; transferred, 1864. Cliase, Charles M., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862 ; pro. to Corp., to sergt., and Chief nmsician, 1864. Cross, Eugene F., Co. D, I4th Inf. ; must. March 13, 1865. Day, James H., Co. K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, to battalion Ist Maine Kegt. Dennison , Emerson, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died at Ft. St. Philip, Aug. 28, 1862. Dennison, George W., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 19, 1863. Donihue, George L., Co. I, 29th Inf.; must. Aug. 11, 1862; trans, from battalion, loth Maine Regt., 1864. Field, Ruel N., Corp., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; pro. to seigt. ; trans. to Ambulance Corps, 1862. Field, Albion, C). B, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 18, 1863; died April 20, 1864. Grant, Enoch F., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862; disch. 1864. Grant, Walter S., Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Aug. 29, 1862; died March 1, 1864. Gould, Floris E., Co. C, 32d Inf. ; must. May 6, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 31st Maine Regt., Dec. 1, 1864. Greenwood, Joseph, Co. B, 11th Inf.; must. Dec. 1, 1864; disch. May 25, 1865. Griffin, James H., Co. B, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 18, 1863 ; trans, to Co. 1, 1864. Grant, Daniel W., Co. D, 17th Inf. ; must. Sept. 2, 1863 ; trans, to Ist H. Art., in 1864. Gurney, Thomas J., Co. G, 5th Inf.; must. June 21, 1861; wounded at battle of Gaines^ Mills; died. Greene, James W., Co. K, 12lh Inf.; must. Nov. 10,1861; pro. to Corp. 1863; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, to battalion 1st Maine Hegt. Grant, Joseph A., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Grant, Marshall, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861. tilegg, William, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Holbrook, James H., Corp., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. In, 1861. Hill, Wellington, Co. H, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863; disch. witli company. 56 Haskell, John L., 1st Army Corps; must. March 31, 1865. Hall, Livi, 1st Anny Corps; nmst. March 31, 1865. HiinBori,Tlioma8, Ist Anny Corps ; must. March 31, 1865. Haskell, Anguslns M., Co. K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; pro. to corp. ; de- tached, 1863. Johnson, George W., Co. F, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; discli, Juno 6, 1862. Johnson, Albert A., Co. E, 17tli Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded at Goltys- burg; disch. April 11, 1864. Johnson, Cyrus, Co. E, 17tli Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded May 2, 1863; missing Sept. 15, 1863. Jordan, Eleazer W., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Jordan, David J., Co. B, 30tli Inf. ; must. Dec. 19, 1863. Kendall, Jolin C, Co. E, 30tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 1, 1864 ; joined as capt. ; disch. by order, .Ian. 4, 1866. Libby, Greenleaf R., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; pro. to corp., 1862 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, to battalion 12th Maine Regt. Lincoln, Clinton, Co. E. 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; discli. Feb. 13, 1863. Lane, Peter, Co. K, 12tli Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; detached at headquarters, 2d Div., 19th Army Corps. Libby, Greenleaf II., Co. K, 12th Inf.; must, Nov. 16, 1861; pro. to scrgl.; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, to battalion 12th Maine Regt. Means, John P., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Dec. 9, 1861. Merrill, Moses, Jr., Co. K, 12lh Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1801 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded Oct. 19,1864; trans, to battalion, 1st Maine Regt. Mitchell, Alonzo, Co. G, 5th Inf. ; must. June 21, 1861 ; pro. to sergt., Jan. 16, 1862. Mitchell, James E., Co. E, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded May 2, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Merrill, Wm. F., Co. K, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 29, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg. McFariand, Robert, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. with company. McFarland, Robert H., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Doc. 10, 1861; disch. in Maine. Mann, John D., sergt., Co. G, 25lh Inf.; mast. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Mitchell, Mark M., Corp., Co. 0, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. McFarland, Wm., Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Means, William N., Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. witii company. Means, Daniel M., Co. G, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Merrill, Oilman, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Metcalf, George W., Co. G,25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. Metcalf, Ansel L., Co. G, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. ' Mitchell, Parmenas, Co. G, 29tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. Merrill, Henry F., Co. E, 30tli Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863; take changed; disch. for disability, 1864. Moulton, Frederick, Co. D, 20th Inf. ; must. Feb. 18, 1865 ; disch. Ju Mutter, Alonzo, Co. D. 29tli Inf. ; must. Aug. 5, 1862. Nason, Lewis, Co. G, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. with company. Nevons, Hiram, Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Palmer, Darius L., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Patterson, Eben M., Co. K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, to Bat. 12th Maine. Prescott, Charles E, Bat. L, 1st H. Art.; must. Jan. 1, 1864; diedof wounds, June 18, 1864. Pinkhani, George L., Co. H, 10th Inf. ; must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Beriin, Md., Oct. 14, 1862. Pollister, Joseph M., Diet, of Columbia, Cav.; must. March 4, 1864. Pike, James Henry, Co. D, 1st Bat. Inf.; must. April 5, I860. Plummer, John H., Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Feb. 2, 1864; died Aug. 13, 1864. Pratt, Thomas C, Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Pratt, Thomas 0., Co. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; wounded April 9, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. as supernumerary Corp. Randall, Alonzo, Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; wounded April 9, 1884. Reed, Frank S., Co. G, 25tll Inf. ; miist.Sopt. 29, 1862 ; wounded April 9, 1864. Rogers, Albert, Co. G, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; wounded April 9, 1864. Rogers, Eli H., Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; wounded April 9, 1864. Rogers. Setli 0., Co. C, 31st Inf.; must. March 23, 1864; veteran. Ranilall, Albert, Co. D, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Roberts, W.H. H,, Co, K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; detached 1863; re-«nl. Jan. 1, 1863 ; wounded Sept. 19, 1864 ; trans, to battalion 1st Maine. Soule, Edwin A., nmsician, Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan 1, 1864 ; trans, to Bat, 1st Maine. Sherman, Robert W., sergt., Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Smalley, James M., Co. G, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Soule, George W.,Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1662; disch. with comiiany. Soule,' Benjamin F., Co. G, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Soule[ Enoch C, Co. B., 30lh Inf. ; must. Dec, 18, 1863 ; disch. Oct. 5, 1864. Stack' William, Co. F, 16th Inf.; must, March 24, 1865; pro. corp. Sawyer, Joshua L., Co. E, Kith Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died Sept. 1, 1864. Soule, Charles H., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10. 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; re-enl. 1864; transferred. Staples, George U, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. with company. Talbot,' Josi.ih, Co. E, 13lh Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Tenney, George F., Co, E, 17tli Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died Doc. 3, 1862. Tedlord John S., Uo. B, I7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; di.ch. Feb. ii, 1863. Towiisond, Joseph H., Co. G, 2Btli Inl'. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. t-ith company. 'ith company. Mth company. ; prisoner ; ex- ; 12, 1865. 442 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Tuwnsenri, Reuben, Co. G, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with cumpany. Tiiwnsond, Wnltor S., Co. B, 30th Inf., Diust. Dec. 18, 1863 ; trans, to Co. 1, 1864. Tiiwnsond, Granville M., Co. C, 3(Jlh Inf.; ninst. Dec. 18, 1863; trans, to Co. B, 1864. True, Luther, Co. E, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 12,1863; died from wounds, Aug. 9, 1864. Thoniiis, William H., Co. K, 12th Inf ; must Nov. 16, 1801 ; re-eill. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, to Bat. 1st Maine. True, Reuben E., Co. F, loth Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; missing, Aug. 24, 1862. Wyman, Joseph D., Co. E, 13th Inf ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died July 29, 1864. Wilson, Stillman, Co. H, loth Inf. ; must. Aug. 12, 1862; trans. 1863. Wyman, Spencer M., Corp., Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Aug. 29, 1862; pro. to sergt. and 2d liout. Ward, Albion, corp., Co. G, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch with compan.v. Walker, Timoth.v S., Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862: disch. with company. Walker, Albert, Oo. G, 2Bth Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Ward, Harrison, Co. G, 26th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; discli. Feb. 17, 1862. Ward, Henry, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. Fob. 27, 1862. Ward, Joseph 0., Co. G, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Wilson, Elias S., Co. G, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Webber, Asa W., Co. E, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 30, 1863; died May 8, 1864. Webber, Charles B., Co. C, 31st Inf. ; must. March 23, 1864 ; died in rebel prison, Oct. 1864. Woods, Edward W., Dist. of Columbia Cav. ; must. Feb. 8, 1864. Welcll, Isaac C, Co. D, l.''.th Inf. ; must. Jan. 25, 1S64 ; pro. to Corp. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Brewer, Joel, U. S. Navy. Chadsey, George, U. S. Navy. Chadsey, William, U. S. Navy. Dillingham, John M., U. S. Navy. Field, George, Mass. Farwell, Joseph. Jr., U. S. Army. Hyde, John A., U. S. Navy. Rogers, William P., U. S. Navy. Rogers, John J., V. S. Navy. Stockbridge, Cushing M., U. S. Navy. Rogers, Seth 0., New York Fire Zouaves. Tripp, Charles, 17th U. S. Inf GORHAM. Andrews, Abram S., Co. F, 16tli Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862; taken prisoner July 1, 1863 ; died in prison, Nov. 2, 186:i. Bradbury, Charles H., Co. K, 3d Inf; must. June 4, 1861. Beck, George D., sergt., Co. A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861. Boyd, William H., musician, Co. A; must. June 24, 1861. Burnell, James B., Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 33, 1861. Bangs, Edwin G., Co. G; must. Dec. 25, 1861. Brackett, Hiram E., Co. A, Ist Cav.; nuiKt. Feb, 19, 1864; disch. May 8,1865. Bond, Benjamin F., Co. H, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. j disch. with company. Bailey, John P., wagoner, Co. E, 13th Iiif ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; re-enl. Febru- ary, 1864; transferred. Boyd, William H., musician, Co. A, 5th Inf; must. Dec. 28, 1863, as veteraTi ; trans, to 1st Maine Regt. Buck, Theodore E., Co. I, 30th Inf ; must. Jan. 6, 1864. Blair, Samuel E., Co. F, 16th Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. with compan.v. Brown, James B., Co. I, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; died Aug. 1, 1863. Brown, Freeman, Co. K, nth Inf ; must. Sept. 5, 1863. Bragdon, Wm. H., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Baker, Andrew, Co. K, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Croak, John, Co. G, 14th Inf; must. Jan. 8, 1862. Cannell, Heman, Co. K, 9th Inf; must. Sept. 21, 1801 ; disch. May 10, 1863. Cannell, Lot, Co. K, 9th Inf; must Sept. 21, 1861; taken prisoner; exchanged; on provost duty at Baltimore, Md., in 1863; re-enlisted. Cannell, William, Corp., Co. F, 16th Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1802; taken prisoner ; killed July 1, 1863. Colley, William W., sergt., Co. F, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Cannell, Barnabas, Co. F, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Cannell, John W., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Copp, James F., Co. K, 'JSth Inf; must Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Oiiley, Oliver, Co. A, 5th Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; disch. witli company. Connell, Samuel A., Co. D, 20th Inf; must. Feb. 14, 1865. Carter, Demius F., Co. C, 29lh Inf; nuist. Feb. 7, 1865. Cloudman, Edwiu U., Co. B, 2d Cav.; must. Sept. 30, 1864; disch. Sept. 15, 1866. Chapman, B. G., Corp., Co. K, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 20, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. Colby, Joseph, Jr., Co. B, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 20, 1861. Douglass, Klisha, Corp., Co. K, 26th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Dingley, Samuol, Corp., Co. K,2Stli Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; pro. to sergt., March 1, 1863. Davis, Daniel W., Co. K, 25th Inf ; unisl. Sept. 29, 1862. Douglass, Edw. K.,Co. K, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Darling, Goo. L., Co. A, 5th Inf ; must. Doc. 28, 1803 ; Uikeu pris,, (let. 19, 1864 ; exchanged; re-enlistad; trans, to Ist Maine Vet. Inf Duffey, Peter, Co A, 6th Inf ; must. Dec. 28, 1863 ; died of wouniis, June 20, 1864. Devine, Alphouzo, Co. I', 9tb Inf ; nmst. Sept. 26, 1864. Day, George L , Co. K, 29th Inf; must. Feb. 17, 1865. Day, Albert F., Co. K, 20th Inf ; must. Feb. 21, 1864. Eaton, Charles P., Co. K, 12th Inf; must. Nov. 16, 1861; detached to Signal Corps, 1863. Edwards, Charles M., Corp., Co. A, .''.111 Inf; must. June 1,1801; disch. with company. Elder, Alonzo S , Co. A, 5lh Inf ; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; died of wounds, Nov. 9, 1863. Edwards, Richmond, Co. A, 6th Inf; must. June 24, 1861; pro. to corp., July 30. Elwcll, Cliarles H., Co. A, 6th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 29, 1861. Files, Joseph, Jr., Corp., Co. K, 25lh Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Files, Albion P., Co. K, 26th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Farwell, Walter H., Co. A, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with company. Fririk, Isaac M.,Co. A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861. Files, Wm. II. P., Co. C, 32d Inf ; must. May 23, 1864 ; trans, to Slst Me. Regt. Graffam, Albert, Co K, 9th Inf. ; must Jan. 12, 1864 ; pro. to coi-p. ; taken pris- oner, 1864; discli. Aug. 8, 186.5. Gilbert, Albert, Co. A, 5th Inf; nmst. Feb. 7, 1864, in let Maine Vet. Inf Gilliert, Emery, Co. D, 2d Cav.; must. Dec. 8, 1863; detached to band. Gilman, John F., must. Sept. 29, 1802. Gilman. Edward G., Co A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861. Green, William F., Co. F, 16th Inf ; mnst. Aug. 14, 1862, as teamster. Gilbert, Albert, Co. A, 1st Vet. Inf ; must. Feb. 14, 1864 ; wounded May 10, 1864 Gilpatrick. William, Co. C, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 19, 1863; taken prisoner; ex- changed; disch. with company. Heald, Josiali, capt., Co. A, 6th Inf ; must. Jiine 24, 1861. Haskell, John L., sergt., Co. A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861. Hasty, Thomas J., Co. C, 9th Inf ; nnist. Nov. 4, 1863 ; disch. with company. Hasty, William, Co. D, 1st Inf ; must. May 3, 1861. Hunt, diaries C, q.m. sergt, 4th Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 21, 1861. Hall, Levi, Co. A, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with company. Harmon, James F , Co. A, 6th Inf ; mnst. Dec. 28, 1803 ; trans, to 1st Vet. Inf. Haskell, John H., sergt., 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with company, July 27, 1864. Harmon, Sherley, Jr., Co. M, 2d Cav.; must. Jan. 2, 1864. Haraion, Joseph A., Co. K, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; taken prisoner; ex- changed, 1863. Harding, George, Co. F,16th Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. Feb. 1, 1863. Howard, Elias R., corp., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. ; disch. with company. Hale, Enos B., Corp., Co. F, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. with com- pany, July 10, 1863. Hale, Washington, Co. F, 2ith Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; re-enl. as veteran. Hunt, George A., sergt., Co. K, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; pro. to 2d lieut., March 1,1863. Harding, Edwarl, Corp., Co. K, 26tU Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Hanson, Theodore H., Co. K, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862: disch. Aug. 20, 1863. Irisli, Melville, Co. 1, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862. Johnson, A. H., Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Jan. 5, 1864 ; trans, to Navy. Johnson, William H., sergt, Co. K, 9th Inf ; nmst. Sept. 21, 1861. Johnson, George W., Corp., Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Johnson, Albion, Co. F, 10th Inf; must. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. with company. Johnscm, Daniel, Co. K, 26th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Kelley, William, Co. C, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; dieby, Frank B., Co. K, 9th Inf; nmst. Sept. 21, 1861 : disch. Sept. 27, 1864. Lucus, J. C, Co. G, 7th Inf; must. Aug. 21, 1861. Lombard, Blan.hord, Co. B, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 20, 1861. Larry, Daniel P., Co. C, 51b Inf; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; trans, to regimental Libby, Alphcuizo E., Co. C, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861 ; trans, to regimeTital Lowe, William L., Co. K, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Lowell, Oliver A., Co. I), lOtb Inf; must. Aug. 14, 1862; pro. to capt.; killed at Gettysburg. Libby, Stephen P., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Libby, Asa, Co. K, 26tb Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 18G2. Libby, Tyng, Co. A, Ist Vet. Inf; must. Dec. 31, 1,801 ; re-enlisted. Ladd, Noah, Co. A, 5th Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861. Libby, Cyrus H., Co. A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with company. Lord, Frank, Co. A, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; Irans. to Vet. Res. Corps. Mosher, Marshall N., Co. C, 1st Inf; must. May 3, 1861. Moulton, Charies I., 6th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Sept. 28, 1804. Moulton, Matthias, Co. A, loth Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; trans, to Co. K, 29th Inf, May 31, 1864. Moulton, Mathias, Co. B, 1st Bat. 10th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H. McPheo, John, corp., Co. F, ICtli Inf ; must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. ; taken prisoner, July 1, 1803; exchanged; killed in battle, April 1, 1865. Marr, William W., Co. K, 26tli Inf; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862. Martin, Joseph P., Co. D, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 23, 1861; pro. to Corp., 1806. Meseray, John, Co. K, 3d Inf.; must. Aug. 25, 1863; trans, to Navy, April 15, 1864. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 443 Merrilt, GenrKe H., Oo. A, Stii Inf. ; niust, Jiini' H, ISCl ; liuns. tci Navy, March 21, 1862. Mayberry, Randall F., Co. G, loth Inf.; mnst. Nov. !.■>, ISUl; discli. Decpuihor, 1864, with company. Martin, Marahall, Co. C, 32il Inf., veteran ; taken prisoner, Sept. 30, 1864; trans. to 31st Maine Regt. Nims, Edmund A„ Oo. D, 1st Bat. Inf. ; must. April 5, 180.5. Newell, Henry H., Co. A; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., .Inly 26; dii-d Nov. 28, 1861. Paul, Frank, Co. F, IGth Inf ; must. Aug. 29, 1863; killed May 10, 1864. Patrick, Charles H., sergt., Co. A, 5th Inf.: must. June 1, 1861 ; died in Wasli- ington hospital, .June, 1864. Pike, William Q.,_Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1801 ; disch. Jan. 2, 1863. Parkhnrst, Alpheus C, corp., Co. 1, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. 1863. Powers, William, Co. I, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died Jan. 11, 1863. Phillips, Ivory, Corp., Co. F, 26lh Inf. ; nui.st. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Phinney, James (2d), wagoner, Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Phinney, Frank, Co. K, 25th Inf.; nmst. Oct. 14, 1863. Parker, Winfleld S., 30th Inf. ; must. April 14, 1865 ; disch. May 19, 1865. Plummer, Rnssell C, Co. B, 2d Cav.; must. Sept. 30, 1864. Pike, William I , Co. K, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Phinney, Edward B., Co. A ; must. June 24, 1861. Plummer, Bohert, Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., July 30, Qnigley, Michael, Co. D, 20th Inf.; must. Oct. 27, 1864; disch. May 17,1865. Beed, George S., Co. A ; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., July 26. Bolfe, Emery, Co. A ; must. June 24, 1861. Rich, Thomas H., Co. G, 14th Inf.; must. Jan. S, 1862; detached to Signal Corps, 1863. Roberts, John H., Co. I, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded Nov. 27, 1803. Roberts, Daniel L., Corp., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Bolfe, Daniel P., sergt,, Co. 1), Ijth Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861; ilisch. Sept. •», 1863. Riggs, Charles F., 6th Bat. Mounted Art. ; mnst. Oct. 5, 1864. Rounds, Wm. H., Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. June 24,1801; discli. with company. Rice, Arthur, Co. K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861. Spaulding, William H., Ist Mounted Art.; must. 1801. Smith, Edwin R., musician, Co. C, 9th Inf.; must. Jan. 1, 1864. Smith, Silas M., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. July 20, 1863 ; died May 24, 1865. Small, Benjamin, Co. K, 31st Inf. ; must. May 6, 1864. Smith, James A., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; mnst. Nov. 16, 1861. Sturgis, Marshall C. corp., Oo. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Swett, Mark D., Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Sturgis, William H., Co. K, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 27, 1864, with company. Sturgis, William T., Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21. 1861. Stront, William E., Co. I, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; pro. to Corp.; disch. to join Corps d'Afriqne. Sweatt, Joseph S. K., Corp., Co. F, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; pro. to 1st sergt. ; disch. with company. Shaw, Carlyle W., Corp., Co. F, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Spinney, John D., Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Sweatt, Joseph S. K., sergt., Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 9, 1864. Sweatt, George W., sergt., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864. Spaulding, William M., 1st Ba'. Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 16, 1861. Shackleford, Theodore, Corp., Co. A, 5th Inf. ; mnst. June 24, 1861 ; disch. wilh company. Stackpole, Augustus J., Co. A, 5th Inf.; mnst, June 24, ISGl ; discli. with com- pany. Shaw, Chauncey M., Co. A, 61h Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. with company ; pro. to Corp. Sias, Horace, Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; missing Sept. 17, 1862. Stevens, John C, Co. C, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861. Smith, Frank W., Corp., Co. A; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 6, 1861. Speed, Frederick, Co. A, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut., Aug. 27; res. Nov. 15, 1861. Suramersides, John C, coi-p., Co. A, 6th Inf.; must. June 24,1861; Ist sergt., July 28. Smith, David, musician, Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24; trans, to non-com, staff. Thomas, James, musician, Co. G, 16th Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 1862. Twombly, Wilson M., Co. F, 2oth Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. wilh com- pany. Tyler, James E., Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 18B2. Wilson, Joel, Corp., Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1801. Wentworth, Horatio, Co. A, 5th Inf ; must. June 24, 1861. Wescott, William F., Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; made drnninior Co. A ; trans, to 1st Vet. Reserve. Williams, Charles, Co. F, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 7, 1861. Whittier, Edward N., sergt., 4th Mounted Art. ; must. Dec. 21, 1861. Wight, Joseph, Co. E, 6th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut.; disch. with company. Ward, William W., Co. F, lOth Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died Oct. 20, 1803. Whitney, Alonzo M., Co. F, 16th Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 1862; killed at Fredericks- burg, Dec. 13, 1862. Ward, Isaac, Co. F, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Wallace, John C, Co. K, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Warren, Henry A., Co. K, 25th Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862. Whitney, A. E., Co. K, 2.ith Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Wallace, John C, Co. I, 30lh Inf.; mnst. Jan. 6, 18G4,as a veteran. Willis, John E., sergt., 7lh Bat. Mounted An. ; must. Dec. 30, 1863. Ward. Charles M., Corp., Co. A, 6th Inf.; must. June 21, 1861 ; died of \ May 12, 1864, FOEEIGN ENLISTMENTS. Adams, A. E., Rhode Island Haltery, Blake, Frank H,, 11th U, S. Inf. Cary, William H., 13th Mass, Inf, Gary, Samuel E,, 13th Mms. Inf. Cannell, Marshall, escort to Maj.-Gen, B, F. Butler. Conley, James B., U. S, Navy, Day, James H,, Mass. Regt. Dyer, Charles F., Mass. Begt. Estes, Albert S,, 13th Mass, Inf. Eslcs, Oliver D., 13th Mass. Inf. Howe, Warren, U. S. Anny. Jackson, Eliphnlet W., U. S. Army. Mann, James, paymaster, U, S, Army, Parkhurat, Alpheus C, 17th U, S, Inf, Phillips, James L,, — — . Mass. Begt. Stackpole, Theodore, N. T, Begt, Wormwood, Samuel P,, B. I, Regt, Watere, William G., Mass. Begt. Waterhouse, Horace F., Mass. Regt. GRAY. Allen, William, drnm-major, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. Sept, 20, 1862. Adams, John, Co. K, 7lh Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861. Blake, Ozias G., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864; transferred. Benson, Edward, Co, K, 30th Inf,; must, Jan, 9, 1864; died Oct. 13, 1864. Benson, George W., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864 ; died Sept. 0, 1864. Brackeft, Thomas, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10,1861; re-eni. Fob, 29, 1864; disch, with company, Jan. 6, 1865. Burgess, John F., Co. B, 17th Inf.; must. Feb. 22, 1864 ; trans, from 2d U.S. Sharpshooters. Cobb, Charles G., Co. H,llth Inf.; must Nov. 12,1861. Colley, William H., Co. B, loth Inf, ; must, Oct. 4, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. CoIU-y, Charles H., sergt., Co. B, 10th Inf.; nmst Oct. 4, 1861. Cnmmings, Samuel P., sergt, Co, C, 26th Inf.; must Sept. 29, 1862; pru. to sergt.-maj,, Jan. 1, 1863. Cobb, Sylvester B,, Co, C, 25th Inf, ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Carey, Gustavns N., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; mnst. Jan, 9, 1864; died July 18, 1864. Colley, Orrin B., Co. C, 31st Inf,; nmst, March 23, 1864; disch, July 9, 1865. Colley, Albert F,, Co, B, loth Inf, ; must. Aug. 23, 1862; trans. 1803. Dill, Daniel M,, corp,, Co. H, 11th Inf. ; must Nov. 12, 1861 ; pro. to capt. and trans. 1863, Dill, William H., Co. H, 11th Inf. ; must Nov. 12, 1861. Douglity, Joseph W., Co. C, 25th Inf.; nmst Sept. 29, 1862; trans, to brigade band, Jan. 7, 1866. Doughty, Daniel, Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must Sept 29, 1862 ; disch. with compaay. Douglily, Albert H., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must Sept 29, 1862; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Dolley, Daniel H., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Dickey, William L,, Co, C, 25th Inf, ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com|)aiiy. Dickey, William C, Corp., Co. C. 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; pro. lo sergt. ; disch. with company. Dolley, Jeremiah P., Co. E, 17th Inf.; must Ang. 18, 1862; died April 14, 1863. Duran, Bulus, Corp., Co. G,, 5th Inf, ; uuist. June 23, 1861. Dolley, Thomas W., Corp., Co. K, 3uth Inf. ; must. Jan, 9, 1864 ; wounded April 9; disch, Nov, 22, 1804. Dickey, William L., 1st sergt., Co. C, .30th Vet. Inf. ; must Dec. 19, 1863 ; disch. with company. Davis, William S., Co. C, 31st Inf.; nmst. March. 23, 1864; wounded May 12; disch. Nov. 29, 1864. Evans, Eleazor, Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Foster, James D,, corp,, Co. G, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 31, 1861. Foster, John A., Co. D, 16lh Inf.; must Ang. 14,1862; missing July 1,1863; disch. Seiitemher, 1864. Frank, John W,, Co, C, 25th Inf,; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Ferguson, Nathan, Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 9, 1864; disch. April 18, 1864. Foster, Levi S,, Co, K, 3(Jth Inf, ; must Jan. 9, 1864 ; trans, to Co. F. Foster Samuel II,, &., K, 30lh Inf. ; must Jan. 9, 1864; trans, to Co, F. Farwell, James E„ Co, D, loth Inf, ; nmst, March 7, 1865 ; died Oct 22, 1866. Gilbert, George, Co, I, loth Inf, ; must, Oct, 4, 1861. Goff, Lindsay 0., Co. C, 8Ch Inf.; nmst Sept. 7, 1861, Goodeuow, Charles, Co, A, nth Inf,; must. Aug. 18, 1S02; wounded Nov. 27, 1863 ; disch. with com|mny. Goff, Lnci.i« S., Co. E, 17lh Inf. ; must. Ang. 18, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Gore, William 11., Co. E, 17lh Inf.; must. Aug. IS, 1862; pro. to corp. and sergt.; disch. with con\i>any. Goff, Joseph H., Corp., Co. C, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. 444 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. fioff, Joseph, Co. C, 3l8t Inf.; must. March j;!, ISW; pro. tuiorp. ami •iorgt.; disch. with compiui.v. Goff, Elias F., Co. I, 12th Inf.; must. March 1", 18C5. Goff, Liiulsey A., Co. B, l«t Inf. ; mn8t. May ;i, 1«61. Hodgkins, James, Co. E, l;ith Inf. ; mnst. Doc. 10, 1801. Hodgkins, Jonas R., Co. K, 30th Inf.; must . Jan. 9, 1804 ; transferred. Hodgkin, James, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Doc. 10, 1801 ; re-enl. Feh. 29, 1864. Hodgkin, Whitman, Co. E, 13th Inf ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died Dec. 17, 1863. Haines, John C, Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. March 1, 1865. Haines, Charles D., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. March 1,1805. Herrick, Groenleaf C, Co. K, lOlh Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; died Dec. 22, 1801, at Relay House, Md. King, Joseph P., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 18G1. Lawrence, Luther, Co. H, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 12, 18C1. Latham. Porter, Co. E, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Latham, Otis L., musician, Co. C, 25th luf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; discli. with company. Lane, Alvin A., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; discb. with company. Legrow, Edwiu, Co. C, 25th Inf.; uiust. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Leighton, Joshua D., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. witli com- pany. Libby, Woodbury S., Co. C, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; trans, to brigade band, Jan. 27, 1863. Legrow, Edwin, Co. C, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; died May 17, 1864. Libby, Isaac II., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864; transferred. Mayberry, Thomas J., Co. K, 30tli Inf.; must. Jan. 9,1864; taken prisoner, April 9, 1864. Mayberry, Daniel, Jr., Co. K, 3(ith Inf.; must. Jan. 9, 1864 ; died of wounds, April 30, 1864. May, Rufus L., Co. K, 30tb Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864. Marr, Edward A., Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 9, 1864 Maxwell, Moses, Co. C, 2oth Inf. must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Mayberry, Charles T., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Nash, James, Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; discli. with company. Nash , James, Corp., Co. K, 30th luf ; must. .Ian. 9, 1864 ; transferred. Nash, Daniel, wagoner, Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 9, 1864; transferred. Nash, Joshua M., Co. C, 31st Inf ; nuist. March 23, 1864; disch. with company. Orne, Charles L., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1862; disch. with company. Peunell, William H., Co. B, Ist luf. ; must. May 3, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 8, 1863. Perley, Roscoe, Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. with company. must. Nov. 12, 1801. nust. Nov. 12,1861; re-enl. Jan. 16,1864: Ramsdell, Seth A., Co. H, 11th Inf. ; Ricker, Melville, Co. H, 11th Inf.; i pro. to Corp., July 13, 1805. Roberts, Cassins C, Co. I, loth Inf. ; 2d lieut. in Corps d'Afiique . to Corp., 1862, and ; must. Oct. 4, 1861; 1 1863. Russell, Hiram, Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Russ, George E., Co. E, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. with company. Simpson, Lewis A., Co. E, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; killed May 6, 1864. Simpson, Henry C, sergt., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro to 2d lieut. Smith, John, Corp., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Simpson, Samuel F., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Skillin, Thomas J., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Small, Edmund B., Co. C, 26th Inl.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch.with company. Staples, David H., Co. C, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Sawyer, John D., Co. C, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Simpson, Samuel F., Corp., Co. C, 30th Inf. ; pi-o. to sergt. ; disch. with company. Snow, Joshua S., sergt., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 9,1864; disch.with com- pany. Smith, Daniel N., Co. 1, 12th Inf.; must. March 17, 1806. Stiles, Stephen, Co. H, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 12, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 26, 1862. Sibley, Henry C, Co. G, 5th Inf.; must. June 23, 1861. Simpson, William R., Corp., Co. 1, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Thompson, James M., Co. I, Ist Inf ; must. May 3, 1861. Turner, Charles E., Co. G, 5lh Inf.; must. June 23, 1801. Thompson, Augustus T., Co. H, 11th Inf.; must. Nov. 12, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 18, 1863, with company. Thompson, James M., sergt., Co. H, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 12, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.. May 1, 1863. Thompson, Charles H., Co. E, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; pro. to. corp.; disch. with company. Turner, Josiah M., Co. E, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; died Feh. 24, 1863. Thayer, Frank W., Co. C, 25tli Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Thayer, Frank W., Co. C, 30th Inf.; must. Dec. 19, 1863; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Van Buskirk, Charles, Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Whitlen, Lorenzo D., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. White, James L., Co. C, 3Utli Inf. ; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; died of wounds, Aug. 4, 1864, in hands of the enemy. Webster, Armstrong, Corp., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 0, 1S04 ; died June 17, 1804. White, John L., Co. K, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. U, 1864 ; died June 6, 1864. Whitten, James K. P., Co. C, 31st Inf. ; must. March 23, 18C4 ; died in rebel prison, Aug. 1864. Wasliburn, Edwin J., Co. B, 12th Inf. ; must. Aug. 30, 1862. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Anders.. 11, Jolin ll., 1st M .■b..Ui l!atl.-iy. An.lerson, Wemlall A., cadet, U. S. Navy. Hunt, Edwin F., 112th Illinois Vols.; enl, August, 1801 ; .Irownod in Clinch River, East Tennessee. Tuttle, Daniel Y., I9tli Mass. Inf. Wood, Henry, U. S. Army. HARPSWELL. Alexander, Andrew D., private, Co. K, 20th Regt.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; wounded May 5, 1864 : discharged. Allen, Joseph, private, Co. D, 8th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 8, 1863 ; must, out Jan. IS, 1866. Aiken, Edmund, U. S. Navy, enl. Sept. 5, 1864; three years' substitute. Ahrens, William, V. S. Navy ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864 ; three years' substitute. Brown, Thomas, private, Co. A, 1st Vets. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1866 ; must, out June 28, 1865. Blake, Peter, U. S. Navy ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864; three years' substitute. Coffin, John P., U. S. Navy ; enl. 1862. Coffin, Edmund, U. S. Navy ; enl. 1862 ; re-enl. Sept. 16, 1864, for two yeare. Coombs, William, private, Co. D, 26th Kegt.; enl. Sept. 29, 1862; must, out July 10, 1863. Curtis, Clement S., private, Co. D, 25th Regt.; enl. Sept. 29,1862; must, out July 10, 1863. Curtis, Oliver G, private, Co. F, 17th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; pro. to Corp.; wounded ; must, out June 4, 1865. Catlin, William H., private, Co. K, 20th Regt; enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Courson, David U., private, Co. K, 20th Regt.; enl. Aug. 28, 1862; died in rebel prison, Sept. 9, 1864. Curtis, Stephen P., private, Co. K, 20th Regt.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; disch. in 1.8('4. Card, George W., private, Co. D, 26th Regt.; enl. Sept. 29, 1862; must, out July 10, 1863. Cole, Robert, private, Co. D, 26th Kegt.; enl. Sept. 29, 1862; must, out July, 10, 1863. Coombs, Joseph E., private, Co. D, 25th Regt.; enl. Seiit. 29, 1862 ; pro. to Corp.; must, out July 10, 1863. Dresser, Gilman L., H. S. Navy; enl. 1802. Eastman, John R., U. S. Navy ; enl. 1802. Field, Seward, private, Co. K, 20th Regt. ; eul. Aug. 29,1802; wounde.l at Fred- ericksburg; disch. March 14, 1863. Getchell, William H., private, Co. G, 20th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; disch. by Order No. 94. Gray, Edward, private, Co. F, 16th Regt. ; enl. March 7, 1865 ; disch. by order, Oct. 16, 1805. Green, Albert, U. S. Navy enl. Feb. 23, 1865; three years' substitute. Holbrook, Israel, V. S. Navy; enl. 1862. llolbi ook, James R., U. S. Navy ; enl. 1862. Johnson, James I., private, Co. D, 25tli Regt. ; enl. Se|it. 29, 1862; must. out July 10, 1803. Leavitt, Abijah, private, Co. D, 3d Eegt.; enl. June 4,1861; diach. for disa- bility, Nov. 23, 1862. Leenian, Thomas C, private, Co. D, 26th Regt. ; eul. Sept. 29, 1862 ; must, out July 10, 1863. McFarland, F. W., private, Co. K, 20th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Matthews, .loseph, private, Co. D, 25th Regt.; eul. Aug. 29, 1862; not accounted for on muster-out rolls. Merriman, Hugh, private, Co. D, 26th Regt. ; onl. Aug. 29, 1802 ; must, out Jiily 10, 1803. Merriman, James, private, Co. D, 25th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; must, out .Inly 10, 1803. McCarthy, Dennis, iirivate, Co. F, 16th Regt.; enl. March 9,1865; must, out July 5, 1866. Mann, Solomon W., U. S. Navy ; enl. 1862. Newton, William F., private, Co. K, 20th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; wounded Sept. 30, 1864 ; discharged. Pennell, Williaui B., private, Co, K, 20th Regt.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862; accident- ally killed, Feb. '25, 1864. Pennell, David, 1st lieut., Co. D, 26th Regt. ; enl. Sept 29, 1862; must, out July 10, 1S63. Pettigrew, Andrew W., private, Co. D, 26th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 29, 1802 ; died Feb. 8, ISRi. Purinton, Woodbury S., U. S. Navy ; eul. 1862. Robinson, Thomas, U. S. Navy ; enl. Feb. 2:), 1865 ; three years' substitute. Russell, Charles Edward, private, Co. B, 9lh Regt.; enl. Sept. 22, 1861 ; re-en- listed ; wounded May 18, 1864: disch. by order, Aug. 9, 1805. Randall, George L., Corp., Co. D, 25lh Regt. ; enl. Sept. 29, 1862 ; must, out July 10, 1863. Ridley, Isaac M., private, Co. D, 26th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. for dis- ability, Jan. 12, 186:). Russell, George G., private, Co. E, 3d Regt. ; enl. Nov. 13, 1801 ; trans, to 17tli Maine ; disch. A|iril 7, 1865. Rogers, Frank H., private, Co. G, 17th Regt.; enl. Feb. 28, 1865; must, out June 4. 1866. Russell, Henry, private, Co. F, 15lh Begt ; enl. May 14, 1865; must, out July 5, 1866. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 445 Roderick, Antonio, privute, Co. G, 15tli Regl.; pnl. Fel.. 1, IRli.i; dipil Aug. 26, 1865. Southard, Joel, private, Co. K, iiOth Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; disch. in 1804. Southard, JattieB, private, Co. D, 25tli Regt. ; enl. Sept. 29, 1862 ; must, out July 10, 186.!. Shea, John, private, Co. F, 15th Regt.; enl. March 9, 1865. Sawyer, John, U. S. Navy; enl. 1862. Smith, James C, V. S. Navy ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864 ; two years' volunteer. Slieridan, Philip, U. S. Navy; enl. Sept. 10, 1864; three years' substitute. Smith, Henry, U. S. Navy; enl. Sept. 16,1864; three years' substitute. Thomas, Benjamin C, private, Co. D, 26th Regt.; enl. Sept. 29, 1862; must, out July 10, 1863. Wilson, Edmund, sergt., Co. K, 20th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 18G2 ; disch. for disa- bility, Feb. 16, 186:i. Worthington, William A., private, Co. K, 20th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862; disch. in 1864 or 1865. Watson, James F., D. S. Navy ; enl. Feb. 27, 1865 ; three years' substitute. HARRISON. b Inf.; must. June 24, 1861. . G,29lh Inf. ; must. Dec. 10,186:1; died June 3, 1864. IStli Inf.; must. Dec. 18, 1861; pro. to sergt.; died ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; killed at Get- must. Aug. 18, 1S62; pro. to Corp.; Bucknell, Cbn Bicknell, Ichabod, Co, Barrows, William, Co. Dec. 30, 1864. Barrows, George, Corp., Co. H, 17th Inf. tysburg. Brackett, Horace N., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; wounded May 6, 1864; disch. April 1 Bumhnm, John, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; died Jan. 15, 1863. Backett, Levis G., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. l9, 1862 ; disch. with company. - Brackett, Llewellyn K., Co. 1, 12th Inf. ; must. March 17, 1865. Cummings, George H., sergt., Co. D, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. June 17,1862. Carsley, George F., Co. D, 16th Inf.; must. Dec. 13, 1861; disch. in 1802. Cotter, Patrick, Co. C, 15th Inf. ; must. March 1, 1865. Devine, John A., Co. F, 17th Inf. ; must. Sept. 1, 1863. Edwards, Clark S., Co. K,23d Inf.; must. Oct. 10, 1862 ; died Dec. 9, 1S62. Eastman, John C, Co. B, 29th Inf.; must. Jan. B, 1864; died Felp. 23, 1864. Edson, Charles H., Co.G, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Emerson, William, Co. B, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Emerson, William, Co. H, 11th Inf.; must. Nov. 12, 1861. Edwards, J. McClellan, Co. G, 14th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1861. Foley, John W., sergt., Co. G, 14th Inf. ; must. Dec. 12, 1861. Freeborn, Frank H., Co. H, 11th Inf.; must. Nov. 12, 1861. Green, William H., Co. G, 29th Inf.; must. Dec. 16, 1863; died May 30, 1864. Gilky, Edward K., Corp., Co. D, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died Jan. 7, 1862. Gray, Charles H., Co. G, 29lh Inf.; must. Dec. 16, 1863. Haskell, Merrill W., wagoner, Co. G, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; detached in 1863. Harmon, Joseph P., Co. K, 5th Inf.; must. June "24, 1801 ; dropped from rolls in 1802. Howarth, Alexander, Co. H, 2d Car.; must. Sept. 27, 1864. Foley, John W., Co. B, 14th Inf ; must. Jan. 1, 1804. Hill, Joseph, Co. I, 12th luf. ; must. March 17, 1865 ; pro. to corp. Haskell, George A., Co. B, 31st Inf.; must. March 10, 1864. Hall, Luther E., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. July 3, 1865. Haskell, Daniel W., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; detached for provost- guard in 1863 ; killed Oct. 7 , 1864. Hill, George B., Co. I, 10th Int.; must. Oct. 4, 1861; disch. March 10, 1863. Hill, Benjamin L., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Harmon, William S., nmsician, Co. U, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 2, 1863. Harrington, William H., musician, Co. K, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 2, 1803. Hamlin, Rufus K., Co. 1, 12tli Inf. ; must March 17, 1865. Harrington, William H., sergt., Co. G, 29th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1803; pro. to capt. ; transferred. Harmon, John A., Co. G, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1801. Hanson, Horace F., Co. G, 2d Inf. ; must. May 28, 1862 ; pro. to corp. in 1862. Illsley, Charles E,, Co. A, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Jordan, Peter, Co. G, 29th Inf. ; must. Dec. 16, 1863 ; detached in 1864. Jordan, Peter, Co. 1, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; detached i Keene, James L.. Co. D, 15th luf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disci 27th Co. Inf., April 6, 1865. Keene, Moses M., Co. D, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disci 27th Co. Inf., April 6, 1865. Kueeland, Chas. C, Co. D, 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. May 22, 1861. Kilburn, Andrew W., Co. G, 29th Inf.; must. Dec. lb, 1863; died May 12, 1864. Keene, Setli M., Co. 1, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., 1862. Kneeland, Ira A., Co. H, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Kneehmd, Ezra, Co. H, 29th Inf.; must. Jan. 24, 1864; died May 19, 1864. Lewis, Clark, Co. D, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. to corp. and sergt. ; re-enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Lewis, Henry W., Co. B, ■23d Inf. ; muat. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Libby, Alfred, Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. 1 1803. . 1801 ; . 1801; Littlofield, John S., Co. B, 29tli Inf.; must. Jan. 6, 18M; trans, I.. Vet. B.-». Corps, 1865. McAllister, Co. B, 29th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1804 ; pro. to corp. Mathews, Albert L., Co. I, 12th Inf.; must. March 17,1805; diech. June 26 1805. Morrow, Lorenzo, Co. E, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Newcomb, Elea/.er, Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. O'Connell, Henry, Co. H, •2d Cav.; must. Sept. 30, 1864. Potter, Cliarivs H., Co. A, 3l8t Inf.; must. May 3, 1864; disch. June 12, 1885. Heriey, David F., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29. 1802; disch. Dec. 13, 1862. Pierce, Frederick R., musician, Co. F, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Pike, William H., Co. G, lOtli Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Win- chester, Va.; died at Lynchburg, in 1862. Riley, Reuben M., Corp., Co. C, 10th Inf.; mnst. Oct. 5,1801. Ryan, Thomas, Co. M, 2d Cav. ; nmst. Sept. 27, 1803. Russell, Perry, 7th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Sept. 6, 1864. Rogers, Joseph B., Co. C, 3l8t Inf.; must. March 2:1, 1864. Rogers, Cyrus L., Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Rowe, Alfred H., Co. B, ■23d Inf ; must. Oct. 13, 1862; disch. with company. Rowe, Asbury T., Co. B, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to corp.; disch. with company. Kowe, Charles A., Co. E, 20lli Inf. ; must. Oct. 7, 1864 ; disch. July 16, 1865, Stone, William, Co. C, 15th Inf. ; must. Feb. 6, 1864. Stcler, Silas B., Co. G, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15. 1801. Staler, William H., Co. G, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1801. Smith, Francis, Co. F, 20lh Inf. ; must. Oct. 6, 1864 ; disch. 1866. Smith, John M., Co. D, 15th Inf. ; nmst. Jan. 31, 1862. Scribner, Bourdon, Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; killed, Nov. 27, 1863. Stiles, Stephen W., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died, Jan. 15, 1863. Stuart, Wentworth, Co. II, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. April 2, 1863. Sampson, Edward, wagoner, Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; pro. to sergt. 1803. Scribner, Eri, Co. B, 23d Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Stanley, Benjamin, Co. G, 'igth Inf. ; must. Dec. 16, 1863; drowne. ; died Oct. 7, 1864. Low, Michael, Co. I, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 28, 1864 ; disch. Juno 30, 1865. Lyon, Andrew S., sergt., Co. K, 5tli Inf ; must. Jan. 24, 1861 ; Isr sergt., Sept. 23 ; pro. to 1st Jieut. Larrabee, Charles S., Co. E, 8tli Inf; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Larrabee, Fred., Co. E, 8th Inf.; must. Sept. 7, 1861. Morrison, Peter, Co. B, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 15, 1864. Merrill, Amos G., Co. B, 29th Inf. ; must. Jan. 12, 1864. Markett, John, Co. H, 2oth Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Merrill, David N., Co. E, 5th Inf.; must. Dec. 22, 1861; re-enl. in 1st Maine Vet- erans, Jan 4, 1864. McGlinch, Jeremiah, Co. G, 11th Inf.; must. Nov. 8, 1861; re-enlisted; disch. Aug. 28, 1864. Mclntire, Benj., Jr., Co. 1, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company ; re-enl. Jan. 9, 1864; disch. 1865. Mcintosh, Edward K., Co. 1, 25Ih Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Mclntire, Levi, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1863. Merchant, William H., Co. H, 5th Inf ; must. July 4, 1861. Merrill, Benjamin B., sergt., Co. U, 5tli Inf. ; must. June 23, 1861. Merrill, Davis W., Co. G, 6th Inf ; must. June 23, 1861. Meader, Jolin, Co. H, 29th Inf.; must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; dis.:li. Aug. 12, 1804. Petei-son, Orion I., Co. E, 6th Inf. ; must. July 15, 1861. Plant, Charles F., Co. H, 10th Inf. ; must. July 21, 1862. Potter, Hanson B., Co. G, 11th Inf ; must. Nov. 8, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 22, 1863. Qnimby, John F., Co. B, 29lh Inf; mnsl. Jan. 9, 1861; pro. to corp. Russell, William 0., Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 20, 1863; disch. Sept. 11, 1S63. Richards, Justus H., Co. I, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Rand, John, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. April 11, 1863. Band, David, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Rowe, Stephen, Co. D., 15th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Smith, Augustus, Co. H, 6th Inf. ; must. July 21, 1861. Smith, James, Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; le-enl. Doc. 31, 1863 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company, Aug. 1, 1866. Smith, Silas M., Co. I, 3d Inf.; must. July 20,1863; trans, to 17th Maine Regt., 1864. Smith, Albert P., Co. H, 10th Inf ; must. July 31, 1862. Smith, Louvil), Co. H, 10th Inf ; must. July 24, 1862. Stinchfleld, Samuel E., Co. H, 10th Inf.; must. July 26, 1862. Stevens, Joseph F., Co. H, lllh Inf.; must. Aug. 12, 1861 ; re-enlisted ; wounded Aug. 16, 1864 ; pro. to sergt., July 13, 1866. Snow, David M., must. March 21, 1865; died June 24, 1S65. Sweelser, William, Co. H, 11th Inf ; must. Nov. 12, 1861. Stubbs, Charles E., Corp., 2d Bat., 1st Cav.; must. Dec. 28, 1801. Thoru, Israel, Co. H, 10th Inf ; must. July 24, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 5, 1862. Thurlow, Richard, Co. G, 14th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1861; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1864. Vincent, Julius, Co. E, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 24, 1864. Watts, Albert S., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864. Watts, David, Co. G, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Watts, Alfred Y., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; disch. April 4, 1804. Whitman, George E., Co. H, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Woodbury, Charles F., Co. G, 13th Inf.; must. Jan. 26, 1862 ; re-enl. Feb. 9, 1864; pro. to Corp. ; transferred. Watts, Alf. ¥., sergt., Co. K, Ist Cav. ; must. Feb. 16, 1804 ; disch. June 20, 1865. Wormwood, Arthur, Corp., Co. E, 8th Inf.; must. Feb. 29, 1864; missing in bat- tle, Sept. 27, 1864. Wormwood, Alfred E., Co. E, 8th Inf.; nuist. Feb. 29, 1804 ; wounded Mav 10, 1804; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Dennison, William E., U. S. Navjv Potter, Silas H., 17th V. S. Inf. Sawyer, Andrew H., Mass. Wormwood, A. Lorenzo, 19th Wi.s. Inf. . Sept. 29, 1802; .lisch. with company, NORTH YARMOUTH. Adderton, .losiah M., Co. E, 17tli Inf; nnist. Auk. 18, 1S02: woundc-d May 0, 1801. Blake, Elijah, Corp., Co. E, 17t:i Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862. Buxton, Willard, Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Aug. 29, 1862; wounded July 2; died July 10, 1863. Boston, George H., Co. G, 25th Inf; i July 10, 1863. Bucknam, Charles W., 1st Corp., U. S. Vet. ; must. Jan. 25, 1865. Bodson, William. Byram, William C, Co. E, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 16, 1863; died June 10, 1864. Butler, Daniel, musician, Co, F, 12th Inf.; must. Jin. 2, 1864; disch. April 18, 1866. Bradley, John, Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Fob. 1, 1805. Gary, William, Co. K, 20th Inf.; must. Feb. 1, 1865. CoUey, Charles L., Co. E, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; wounded May 12, 1864 ; disch. Feb. 27, 1805. Gushing, Charles R., Co. G, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with com- pany. Dunn, Cyrus, Co. A, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 12, 1864 ; died July 4, 1864. Dexter, William H., loth Inf ; must. Feb. 27, 1865. Freeman, Thomas, 14th R. I. H. Art. (colored) ; must. March 8, 1805. Frost, Leander S , Co. E, 30th Inf Vet.; must. Dec. 12, 1863; wounded April 23, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. and sergt. Frost, John L., Co. E, 30th Inf. Vet. ; must. Dec. 29, 180.3 ; wounded April 23, 1864. Gooding, Albert J., sergt., Co. G, 26th Inf.; must. S<>pt. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Grows, Dana B., Co. E, 30lh Inf; must. Jan. 6, 1864; died July 27, 1864. Holmes, John, Co. G, 20th Inf. ; must. Aug. 7, 1863; transferred. Hayes, David P., Co. E, 17tli Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; trans, to Vet. Rc«. Corps. Hayes, Francis E., Co. E, 17th Inf ; must, Aug. 18, 1862; wounded at Gettys- burg; disch. June 4, 1805. HarailtoM, Joseph, Corp., Co. D, lOIh Inf. ; must. Aug. 14, 1802; pro. to sergt ; wounded at SpottsyWaniii and taken prisoner. May 8, 1864. Harris, Edwin E., Co. B, 12th Inf.; must. Dec. 6, 1861 ; ro-enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded Oct. 19, 1864 ; pro. to corp. ; transferred ; disch. April 18, 1866. Herrick, Henry P., 2d lieut., Co. I>, 16th Inf.; must. Aug. 14, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va. Holt, Wm. T., sergt., Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; disch. March 22, 1862. Hamilton, Benjamin F,, musician, Co. G, 25th Inf. ; roust. Sept. 29, 1862. Hamilton, Edward, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Harris, David Y., Corp., Co. H, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with com- Ives, John J., 1st Bat. Mounted Art.; must. Dec. 31, 1861. Johnson, Charles H., Co.G, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1863 ; disch. with com- pany. Johnson, Nathaniel, Co. A, 16th Inf.; must. Dec. 0, 1801. Jackson, James, 30th Inf.; must. April 6, 1865. Kelloy, Jeremiah, Co. I, 4th Inf. ; must. Aug. 25, 1863 ; transferred. Kenney, Stephen B., hospital steward, 23d Inf.; must. Sept. 18, 1862; disch. with regt. Lovell, Daniel K., Corp., Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Vet Res. Corps. Lawrence, James, 11th Inf. ; must. March 23, 1866. Leighton, Gardiner, Co. B, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Lowe, Robert, musician, Co. G, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861; disch. April 9, 1862. Loring, William W., Co. G, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disch. May 29, 1863. Le Blond, Auguste, Co. K,'20th Inf.; must Jan. 16, 1865. Moree, Winfteld S., Co. K, 20lh Inf; must Aug. 29, 1802; pro. to i sergt; died Jan. 2, 1804. Marston, George W., corp., Co. 1, 12th Inf. ; must. March 17, 1866 ; disch. March 17, 1866. Morrill, Mark 0., Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Mitchell, Lewis, C^. G, 121h Inf; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. with company. Merchant, Joel G., Co. G, 12tli Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Moran, John, Co. K, 1st H. Art.; must Sept. 4, 1803. MrGarrigal, John, 12th Inf. ; must. April 6, 1865. McElwain, George N., unassigiied Inf. ; must. Feb. 28, 1866. Marston, Charles L., D. C. Cav.; must. May 2li, 1804; pro. to serft. ; trans- ferred. Noad, James, Co. B, 12tli Inf ; must March 13, I.SIJ.-. ; disch. with company, April 18, 1866. North, Charles A., Co. G, 25th Inf.; niu.t. Sept 29, 1862; ro-enl. 1864; pro. to coi-p. and sergt. in Co. K, 1st D. C. Cav. Noyes, William S., Corp., Co. E, loth Inf.; must. Oct 4, 1861; wound«d at Slaughter Mountain; disch. with company. Noyes, Clinton, Co. E, lOth Inf. ; must Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. with company. Prince, Albert F., Co. G, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; re-onl. C. Cav.; must. Feb. 20, 1864; transferred ; pro. to corp. and sergt. Porter, Nchemiah, Co. E, luth Inf. ; must. Oct 4, iscl ; disch. with company. Porter, Charles C, Co. E, 101 h Inf.; must Oct 4, 1801; drowned in Schuylkill River, Dec. 7, 1862. Parsons, Albert L., Co. E, 10th Inf. ; must Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. with comi«ny. Phillijis', William H., Co. G, 25th Inf ; must Sept. 29, 1862. Pagordo Cheri, Co. E, nth Inf ; must Aug. 18, 1802 ; pro. to sergt. Phillips, Edward L., Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must Jan. 3, 1862 ; disih. May 27, 1802. Hill" Benjamin T., Co. K, 2lUh Inf. ; niust. Aug. 29, 1S02; wounded at Gelly»- burg, July 1, 1863; died May 6, 1864. Rider, Charies D, Co. 1), lOtli Inf ; must. Aug. 11, 1802 ; July 1, 1863; disch. June 6, 1865. and I Co. K, Ist D. ided at Gettysburg, 448 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Ross, Horace G., Corp., Co. E, 30th Inf.; muat. Dec. 12, 1863 ; veteran. Kowo, Abriiham N., Corp., Co. B, liStli Inf.; must. Sept. 20,1862: pro. to 2d licut. and 1st liout.; diet! Nov. 21, 1804. Ross, Albert, Co. E, 30tli Inf.; must. Doc. 12, 1863. Ross, Dana B„ Co. E, 30tli Inf.; must. Doc. 12, 1863 ; wounded April 23, 1861; pro. to sergt. ; veteran. Robs, Thomas W., Co. E, 30lh Inf. ; veteran ; must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; died July 16, 1S64. Skillin, Joseph E., Co. A, 3uth Inf.; must. Jan. 12, 1864; disch. April 10, 1864. Sweolaer, Charles S., Co. G, 2.')lli Inf ; must. Oct. 6, 1862. Sweetser, Francis E., Co. G, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Swcotser, Nathaniel W. F., seigt., Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Swoetsei , William II., Co. K, Ist Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; died Dec. 22, 1862. Skillin, William B., 2d lieut., Co. G, I2th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; pro. to Ist lieut. ; resigned July 4, 1864. Sargent, John F., Co. K, 2d Inf. ; must. May 28, 1861 ; disch. June 4, 1863. Stackpole, Edwin, Co. A, 6th Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; died Aug. 19, 1861. Sinclair, James, 20tli Inf.; muat. April 8, 1866. Stackpole, Eugene, Co. I, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 12, 1863 ; died. Aug. 24, 1864. True, Henry, Co. B, Coast Guard ; must. Oct. 29, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 9, 18G2. Titcomb, Charies W., Co. E, 30tU Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1865; died July 1, 1864. Titcomb, Ammi C, Co. E, 3(Jth Inf.; must. .Ian. 6, 1864; wounded April 9; died in the hands of the enemy, April 14, 1864. True, Charles F., Co. C, 3l8t Inf. ; must. March 23, 1864 ; disch. June 12, 1866. Titcomb, Frank, Co. C, 32d Inf. ; must. March 23, 1864 ; died in Maine. Titcomb, Roscoe, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 18G2; disch. with company. Wilson, John. Whitney, William J., Co. E, 17th Inf ; must. Aug 18, 1862 ; wounded at Get- tysburg ; killed in battle, May 5, 1864. Young, Charles H., Co. H, Sth Inf. ; must. Sept. 9, 1861 ; re-enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. and sergt.; disch. with company, Jan. 18, 1866. Young, Eleazer K., Co. E, 30th Inf. , must. Dec. 12, 1863 ; veteran ; wounded April 23, 1864. UNITED STATES NAVY. Hayes, Thomas 11. ; Hayes, Fiedi-rick ; Harris, Charles H. ; Loring, Charles R. ; Orne, Charles S.; Pierce, David T. ; Sweetsir, William F.; Stackpole, Charles; True, William U. OTISFIELD. Atwood, George H., Co. F, 16th Inf.; must. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. with company. Andrews, William W., Co. A, 29th Inf. ; must. Sept. 9, 1862 ; trans. 1864. Andrews, Wallace C, Co. G, 29tli Inf ; nnist. Aug. 29, 1862; wounded, Oct. 19, 1864; disch. April 20, 1865. Briggs, William 0., Co. C, 26th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. with company. Caldwell, Charies B., Co. E, lllth Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Caldwell, Isaiah A., must. Aug. 24, 1862 ; trans. 1863. Chute, Curtis, Co. H, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. Feb. 26, 1863. Couillard, Brulo, Co. C, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1864. Chute, William A., Co. G, 29th Inf; must. Dec. 16, 1863; taken prisoner, Oct. 19, 1864. Edwards, Alonzo, Corp., Co. D, 16th Inf ; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Edwards, Bryce M., Co. I, 6th luf ; must. July 28, 1862 ; disch. May, 1864. Edwards, Aimer, Co. C, 27th Inf. ; must. April 11, 1865. Edwards, Robinson G., Co. C, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Edwards, Silas B., Co C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Edwards, Sewall A., Co. C, 26th Int.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Edwards, McFarland, Co. G, 14th Inf.; must. Dec. 21, 1861. Edwards, Sidney D., Co. (!, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 28, 1863 ; trans. 1864. Greonlcaf, Zobulon D,, Co. C, 3»th Inf ; must. Dec. 19, 1863; died July 21, 1864. Greely, John W., Co. G, 29tli Inf; must. Dec. 19, 1863; killed, April 8, 1864. Gage, William, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch, with company. Greene, Edmond M., Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany.; re-enl. in 27th Co. Inf, April 6, 1866. Green, Ireson, Co. C, 26th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Greene, James L., Co. C, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Gage, George N., Co. F, loth Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Henley, John S., Co. G, loth Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Holden, Anson J., Corp., Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; died Dec. 19, 1862. Henderson, Hiram W., Co. C, 25th Inf ; mu^t. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Hamlin, Frank H., Co. I, IJth Inf ; must. March 17, 186.5. Huston, John, Co. D, 1.5tli Inf; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 1, 1866. Henley, Pliny B,, Co. G, 10th Inf; muat. Oct. 4, 1861. Jillson, Martin V. B., Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1863; disch. with com- pany. Jones, Charles, Co. G, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1864 ; disch. with lonipany. Knight, Johnson, 27th Co. Inf; must. April 11,1865. Knight, Joseph I,., Co. A, 12th Inf; must. Sept. 27, 1804; disch. July 22, l.so.',. Knight, Joseph, Co. G, 10th Inf ; must Oct. 4, 1861. Koene, William H., Co. E, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Knight, George H., Co. E, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Knight, Zebulon, Co. F, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861. Lovell, Henry H., Co. D, 16lh Inf; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Lovell, Lowell, Co. D, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 10, 1861. Lovell, David K., Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; discb. with company. Lewis, James, Co. G, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1864. Lane, William K., Co. E, 15th Inf; must. March 6; disch. May 14, 1865. Morse, Franklin E., Co. U, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18,1862; wounded May 12, 1863. Mayberry, Elbridge 0., 27th Co. Inf ; must. April 6, 1866. Morse, Mark K., sergt., Co. 0, 25th Inf; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; reduced; disch. with com|)any. Potter, Gilbert F, Co. C, 12th Inf; must. Jan. 1,1864; wounded Septombfr 19; trans, to I2th Battalion Infantry. Pitts, Nason A., 27th Co. Inf ; must. April 11, 1865. Peabody, William, Co. G, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 15, 1863; disch. with company. Piper, Cornelius, Co. I, 3d Inf , must. Aug. 14, 1863 ; trans, to 17th Maine Regt., 1864. Randall, Isaiah, 27th Co. Inf ; must. April 6, 1865. Ross, Thomas, Co. C, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 26, 1864 ; disch. with company. Robinson, David H., Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18,1862; disch. 1864. Robbins, Wm. II., Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Robbins, Wesley C, Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Rickor, James M., Co. C, .30th Inf; nmst. Dec. 19, 1863; pro. to Corp., 1864 ; disch. with company. Spurr, Llewellyn, 27th Co. unassigned Inf; must. April 11, 1866. Stone, John F., 27th Co. unassigned Inf; must. April 11, 1865. Scribner, Fletcher, 27th Co. unassigned Inf; must. April 11, 1865. Scribner, .lohn F., 27lh Co. unassigned Inf; mnst. April 11, 1866. Scribner, James A., 27th Co. unassigned Inf. ; must. April 11, 1865. Spurr, Snnmer, 27th Co. unassigned Inf ; must. April 11, 1875. Smith, Nathan, Co. G, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Smilb, Jonathan, Co. (J, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; re-enl. in 27th Co. Inf, April 6, 1866. Smith, Ira N, Co. F, 17th Inf; must. Sept. 1, IK63 ; wounded Sept. 14; trans. to Vet. Res. Corps. Sanborn, Charies W., Co. H, 17th Inf ; nuist. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded at Get- tysburg. Smith, Eli N., Co. H, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. April 24, 1863. Spurr, Llewellyn, Co. H, 17th Inf ; nnist. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded July 2 ; disch. Sept. 25,1863. Scribner, Algernon H, Co. C, 26th Inf ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Scribner, Simon, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. with company. Smith, Nathan, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Smith, Lynnin, Co. C, 26lh Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Scribner, Jackson, Co. C, 30th Inf ; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; died May 2, 1864. Shedd, William, Co. D, 12tji Inf; must. Sept. 27, 1864. Turner, Elislia, Co. C, 26th Inf ; must. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Thureton, David W., Co. H ; must. June 24, 1861. Upton, John A., Co. G, must. Oct. 4, 1861. Weston, Edwaril F., Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; traus. to Invalid Corps, 1864. Wight, Hannibal H., Co. H, 17th Inf ; mnst. Aug. 18, 1862; trans, to H. Art., 1864. Wight, Elbridge, wagoner, Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1.S62 ; disch. with company. Whittnm, Samuel, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Winslow, Caleb E., Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Winslow, Cyrus R., Co. C, 25th Inf ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; dfsch. with company. Wight, Albeit L., Co. C, 12th Inf; must. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, to 1st Bat. 12th Maine Inf Webb, Walter, Co. G, 29th Inf ; must. Feb. 27, 1864 ; died Nov. 10, 1864. Warren, Nathaniel E., Co. G, 29th Inf; must. Dec. 16, 1863. Warren James L., 27th Inf; mnst. April 11,1865. Wight, Charies F., 27th Inf ; must. April 11, 1865. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Bean, Albert C, 21 Hh JIass. Inf Bean, Ansel, 20tli Mass. Inf Edwards, Dexter, 17th U. S. Inf Stone, John F., Mass. Regt. '■• POWNAL. Allen, William P., Co. 1, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. with company, July 2U, 1863. Allen. Charles W., Co. 1, 26th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company, July 20,1863. Blackstone, Charles C , Co. A, 17lh Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded; died May 9, 1863. Burr, Charles F., Co. F, loth Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; tjiken prisoner at Win- chester, Va. ; exchanged. Blackstone, Benjamin W., Co. G, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; re-enl. 1804 ; trans, to Bat. 12th Maine Inf Blair, William H., Co. G, 12th Inf; must. Nov. l."). 196! ; disch. Aug. 26, 1862. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 449 nurko, Chnrlcs F., lOth Inf. ReKt. lllako, Heniy W., Co. I, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 186-2; discli. with company, liiowii, Joseph, Jr., Co. I, 2.')lh Inf. ; muat. Sept. 29, 18G2 ; dUch. with company. Blake, George, Co. C, 31st Inf. ; must. Mnrcli 2:1, 1804 ; diach. July 15, 1805. CliasB, Thomas R., Co. H, 5tli Iiif; must. Juno 24, 1801; disch. with company. Cusliing, Siimicl E., sergt.,C i. F, IDth Inl'.; m nt. Oct. 4, 1801; disch. Oct. 25, 1802. Clongh, John Y., Co. G, 12tli Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 27, 1803. Chase, Joseph A., Co. K, .Itli Inf. ; must. .\ug. 18. 1802 ; wounded June 9, 1SG4 ; trans, to Ist Maine Vet. Begt. ; re-enl. in Co. U, 2d Vet. Inf. Connor, Robert W., Co. H, 30th Inf; must. Feb. 22, 1865. Dresser, Albion K. P., Co. A, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1802; pro. to corp.,18C4; disch. with company. June, 1865. Estes, S.-th W., Co. I, 2.itli Inf ; mu^t. Sept. 23, 1802 ; disch. with company. Foss, Frederick, Bat. C, 1st H. Art.; must. Sept. 6, 1864; disch. June 11, 1865. Francis, Joseph, Co. E, 15th Inf ; must. Feb. 10; died Oct. 2, 1805. Gilbert, James M., Co. E, lulli Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1802. Gilbert, William, Co. D, :Wlh Inf ; must. Sept. 2:!, 1864; disch. Aug. 29, 1805. Hodsdon, Charles H., Co. B, Coast Guards H. Art. ; must. Oct. 20, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 0, 1862. Hodsdon, Reuben T., Co. B, Coast Guards H. Art. ; mu.st. Oct. 29. 1861 ; discli. Aug. "a, 1862. Hodsdon, James A., Co. B, Coast Guards H. Art,; must. Oct. 29,1861; disch. Sept. 0, 1802. Hulchiugs, Elbridge T., Co. B, Coast Guards H. Art.; must. Oct. 29, 1861; disch. Sept. 6, 1862. Haskell, Charles H , sergt., 10th Infantry. Hayes, James, Co. B, 20th Inf; must. March 9, 1805 ; disch. July 25, 1865. Harris, David, Co. D, 2iitli luf ; must. Feb. 9. 1865. Knox, Charles, Co. K, 20th Inf ; must. March \\ 1SG5. Kimball, William H., Co. E, 8th Inf; ranst. Oct. 0, 1863: disch. with company, 1865. Knight, Joseph, Co. I, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Knight, Freeman, Co. F, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1801; disch. Jan. 4, 1802. Milliken, Edson H., Co. F,5tli Inf; must. Marcli 0, 1802 ; pro. to Corp.; wounded May .■), 1863 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, April 9, 1864. Libby, Lewis J., Co. F, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; taken prisoner at Wiii- chester; exchanged. Low, Robert M., Co. A, 17th luf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded Nov. 27, 1803 ; killed June 16, 1864. Loring, Andrew J., Co. I, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. witli company, loring, George W., Co. I, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with compiny . Libby, Lendall A., Co. C, 31st Inf; must. May 6, 1864; disch. with corapiny. Nason, Howard, Co. F, 6lh Inf; must. March 6, 1862 ; dropped. Koyes, David, Co. B, 7th Inf ; must. Aug. 21, 1801 ; detached, 1862. Noyes, George S., Co. B, Coast Guards H. Art. ; must. Oct. 29, 1801. Ordway, Benjamin, Isl D. C. Cav.; must. Jan. 18, 1864. Phinney, George W., Co. G, 13th Inf; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; died Dec. 11, 1862. Page, Edgar F., Co. G, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; wounded and missing, July 11, 1863. Paine, Junius D., Co. E, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. with company j re-enl. Nov. 13, 1863, in 29th Infantry. Eeed, Herbert L., Co. K, 20th Inf ; mist. Aug. 29, 1802 ; trans, to Navy, May 3, 1864. Rider, Solomon C, Co. C, Slst Inf. ; must. March 2 1, 1801 ; disch. with company . Rider, Moses A., Co. E, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; disch. with company. Royal, Andrew J., 1st Cav. Royal, George S., 1st Cav. Royal, William F., Ist Cav. Sawyer, James W., Co. F, loth Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; trans. 1803. Snell, John B., Co. E, loth Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; disch. with company. Thoits, C. R.. 7tli Inf ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; missing at battle of Autietam. Taylor, Jolin L., Corp., 8th Inf Tuttle, Albion, Co. F, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1801. True, Hollis, Co. E, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18,1862; pro. to Corp., 1803; wounded June 16, 1864; disch. with company. West, Lewis F., Co. F, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, ISGl. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Brown, Henry C, 11th Mass. Inf Coffin, Ephraim, 11th Mass. Inf Lobdell, Prentiss, 17th U. S. Inf RAYMOND. Adams, Francis F., Co. K, 5th Inf; must. Nov. 9, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 22, 1862; re-enl. in U. S. Art. Adams, William B., Co. K, 5th Inf; must. Nov. 9, 1801 ; missing at battle of Fredericksburg. Bryant, John M., 7lh Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Doc. 30, 1863. Berry, Timothy, Co. K, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 9, 1805; pro. to Corp.; trans, to Co. D. Bartlett, Elias, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company, July 10, 1863. 57 Brackett, Albert S., Co. C, 25lh Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Bryant, John M. (2d), Co. C, 25tli Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- Bartlett, William K., Co. C, 25tli Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802; died May 31, 18C3. Cash, Hiram M., Co. K, 6th Inf.; must. Juno 24, 1801 ; disch. Oct. 12, 1803. Cash, Washington, Corp., Co. C, 25th Inf; must Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Cffln, Cliarles H., Co. K, 30ttl Inf ; must. Jan. 9, 1864 ; transferred. Duran, Samuel D. S.. Co. K, 5th Inf ; pro. to Corp., 1802 ; wounded and m ssing in battle, M.ay 10, 1S64. Duran, William P., Co. E, 13th Inf ; must. Feb. 7, 1802; died Jan. 1, 18M. Davis, Thoniiis M., Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, I8«2; discli. with coiniiaiiy. Dui-an, Moses D., Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; iliscll. with company. Davis, Thomas M., Corp., Co. C,30th Inf ; must. Dec. 19, 1803; died July 1, 18W. Edwards, Wyatt T., Co. C. 25tli Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Edwards, Richard C, Co. K, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 9, 1864. Farewell, John, Co. K, SOtli Inf; must. Dec. 9, 1864. Ilolden, Anson J., corp., Co. C, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; discli. with com- pany. Jones, George A., Co. E, 13lh Inf ; must. Dec. 10, 1801 • re-eul. Feb. 29, 1804 ; transferred. Jordan, James M., Corp., Co. C, 25 th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; died Dec. 19, 1802. Jackson, Azariah, Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Jordan, James M. (2d), Co. C, 25tli Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; discli. with com- pany. Jordan, James E., Co. D, 15lh Inf ; must. Doc. 31,1801. Keeue, Josiah F., Co. K, 5th Inf ; must. Nov. 9, IKOI . Leavitt, Libbeus II., Co. H, 31st Inf ; must. April 21, 1804 ; disch. with com- pany. Latham, Cliarles H., Co. H, 31st luf; must. April 21, 1804; disch. with com- pany. Lildiy, Tyng, Co. K, oth Inf Leach, William, Co. G, 13tli luf; must. Dec. 12, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 11, 1862. Libby, Ebeneier H., Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with com- pany. Leavitt, Daniel W., Co. C, 31st Inf; must. May 23, 1864; wouuded May 12; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Meserve, Amos, wagoner, Co. B, loth Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1801. Mains, John, Co. C, 2511i Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. McLellan, Jordan, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch, witli company. Meserve, Merlin, Co. C, 30th luf; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; wounded April 23; disch. June 3, 1804. May, Silas, Co. K, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 29, 1864. Mains, Ivory, 1st District of Columbia Cav.; must. Jan. 20, 1864. Morrill, Asa P., 6th Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Feb. 11 ; disch. June 10, 1864. Moyant, Guzzle, Co. A, 1st Vet. Inf; must. Jan. 10, 1865. McCullough, Frank, Co. C, 30th Inf; must. Doc. 18, 1863; disch. May 5, 1864. , Clement P., musician, Co. E, 13th Inf; must. Dec. 10, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 21,186 i. , Clement P., District of Columbia Cav. ; must. Feb. 20, 18M. , Alvin E., District of Columbia Cav.; must. Feb. 20, 1864. Robinson, Levi S., Co. K, 5th Inf ; must. Nov. 9, 1861 ; missing May 10, 1804. Rioker, Samuel F., Co. K, 5th luf ; must. Aug. 13, 1802; wounded May 10, 1864; trans, to 1st Maine Vet. Inf Bolfe, James, Co. C, 26th luf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802. Rolfe, Johu, Co. C, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Rolfe, Jordan, Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Rolfe, Lemuel, Co. C, 25th Inf ; must Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Stevens, James E., Co. E, 29th Inf; must Nov. 13, 1803; detached ISOo; disch. with company. 1866. St.tples, John M., Bat. M, lat H. Art ; must Jon. 4, 1864. Small, Simeon, sergt, Co. D, 15th Vet Inf ; must Jan. 25, 180.1 ; disch. July 5, 1866. Smith, Ambrose G., Co. E, 1st Inf., must May 1, 1861 ; for three months. S trout, George A., Co. I ; must May 1, ISOl, for three months. Sawyer, J. C, Co. I, 5th Inf ; must June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., 1862 ; pro. to sergt; killed May 3, 1863. Spiller, Joseph, Co. K, 6th Inf : must Nov. 9, 1661 ; disch. Slay 29, 1862. Small, Levi, Co. K, 6th Inf ; must Nov. 22, 1861 ; disch. Oct 23, 1862. Skilliu, Alvin, Co. C, 12th luf ; must Nov. 15, ISOl ; dish. March 13, 18«3. Small, Alonzo, Co. G, I4th Inf ; must. l>c<-~ 12, 1801 ; disch. 1862. Strout Cyrus T., Co. G, 14th luf; must Dec. 12, 1801; disch. on raquislUon, 1861. Spiller, Joseph, sergt., Co. C, 25th luf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany, July 10, 1863. Small, Enoch S., Co. C, 30lh Inf ; must. Dec. 1*, 1865 ; taken prisoner ; exchaogesi 1804 ; disch. with company. Tenney, James F., Co. C, 30th Inf; must. Dec. 19, 1803; killed April 23, 1864. Tenuey, Nelson, Co. , 5lh Inf Tenney, Ambrose, Co. C, 25tli luf; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with comiiany. Tripp, Jeremiah, Jr., Co. C, 25th Inf ; must. Sept 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Tripp! Levi A., Co. C, 25th Inf; must Sept 29,1802; disch. with comiwny ; must. Co. C, 30th Inf, Dec. 19, 1863. Verrill, Sidney, Co. D, 15th Inf; must Doc. 31, 1861. Verrill, Edward P., Corp., Co. E, 29lh luf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Feb. 28, 1865. 450 HISTORY OP CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. FOBEION ENLISTMENTS. Piiri.in, Aliin?... C, 12tli Miias. Inf. McQuillan, EufuB, U. S. Arniy. Nnsoi], ■William II., U. S. Army. Plnmnier, Chiirles A., U. S. Navy. Spillor, .lames F., 7lh Miisti. Inf. Wliil.u.y, Josepli M,, Uliwlu iBlanil ( SCARBOROUGH. Berry, Hiram, Co. C, 12lli Inf.; must. March 1,1, 1804. Best, Patrick, Co. B, 12tll Inf.; must. Nov. 20, 1801 ; disch. .Inn. 2. 1802. Brackett, Robert A., Co. 1, 2.'ith Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1SC2 ; disch. with compaiiy. Coolbrotli, Ashbnry, Co. F, Cth Inf.; nimt. July 15, 1861; trans, to Invalid Corps, 1864. Cook, Williiim, Co. E, 25lli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company, July 10, 1863. Davis, Enos M., Co. E, 2.'")eh Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Ford, John, Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Jan. 4, 1804; transferred. Fogg, Alpheus, Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Gustin, Hiram, Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1801. Gustin, George B., Co. K, 91U Inf.; must. Sept. 21,1801; detached at Hilton Head, 180:i. Gustin, Cliarles R., Co. K, 9lh Inf. : must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; died Aug. 10, 1803. Gero. Alexander, Co. A, loth Inf. ; must. Oct. 16, 1861. Graffam, Ezra P., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Sept. 16, 1804; transferred. GrafTam, John, Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Sept. 6, 1864 ; transferred. Iliggins, Alexander, Co. D, l»t Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Higlit, Leroy, com.-sergt., 9th Inf.; must. September, 1801. Hayes, William, Co. C, lOlh Inf. ; must. Oct. IS, 1861. Harkin, John, Co. — , lOlh Inf.; must. October, 1801. Harmon, Loring, sergt., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Sept. 15, 1801 ; died at Cairollton, La., March 10, 1803. Harford, Albion S., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Sept. 15, 1861. Iliggins, Alexander, Corp., Co. I, 25th luf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. Jan. 12, 1863. Hanson, James L., Co. I, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com|>any. Knight, Zcbulon, Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Sept. 27, 1864; transferred. Libby, Ellison, Co. F, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 7, 1861 ; missing May, 1862. Lildiy, Jefferson W., Co. C, 12lh Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disch. with comp^iny. Leavilt, Scott L., Co. C, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; re-enlisted ; trans- ferred. Libby, Thomas J., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; taken prisoner Oct. 10,1863; transferred. Lnthrop, .Joseph P., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861; re-enlisted; died July 25, 1864. Lnnt, George C, veteran, Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Sept. 17, 1804; transferred. Merrill, ■William H. H., corp., Co. K, 9tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 27, 1863. Milliken, Melville I., sergt., Co. C, 12lli Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; re-enl. March 5, 1804 ; transferred. Merrill, Melvile S., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; mnst. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disch. with company. Moses, SImou M., wagoner, Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16,1861 ; disch. with company. Moore, Horace W., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Sept. 15, 1861 ; reonl. 1804; trans- ferred. Mescrve, Eleazer G., Co. E, 25tli Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Moody, Edwin, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Moody, Samuel E., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; ilisch. with company. Nowcomli, David L., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Newcomb, Joseph L., Co. E, 251h Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with com- pany. I'illsbuiy, George W., sergt., Co. C, 12lh Ijjf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; ilisdi. with company. Potter, Eleazer, Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; wounded ; pro. to Corp. ; re-enlisted ; tntnsfcrred. Pillsbury, Noah, Co. E, 2oth Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. March 21, 1803. Royal, Theo. A., Co. C, 121 h Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; trans, to Ship Island. Rounds, Charles, Co. E, 26tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. Jan. 12, 1SI13. Smith, George W., Co. D, 29th Inf.; must. July 20,1862; re-enl. 1864; trans- ferred. Stevens, William C, Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Tripp, Moses B., Co. K, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Tripp, George B , Co. E, 2.'>th Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; discb. with com(>any. Waterhouse, Gaidiner J., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1801 ; trans. 186:i. Walker, Winflcid S., Cu. E, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; wonnded June 30, 1803. Walker, Alonzo, Co. C, I2ih Inf. ; mnst. Jan. 2. 1864; wounded Sept. 19; tians- ferred . Waterhouse, Bartlelt, Co. C, 12th Inf.; mnst. Nov. 15,1864; disch. with company. Whittaker, Wm. H., Co. C, 12lh Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1804 ; re-enl. 1804 ; tr ferred. Young, John, Co. C, 12tli Inf. ; must. Jan. 21, 1804. FOREIGN ENLISTMENTS. Gustin, Lorenzo D., ,Ma-K,cbusotta. Lemord, John, U. S. Navy. Milliken, S. Woodman, 44th Massachusetts Inf. Pillsbury, Francis, Massachusetts. Walker, Dennis, JIassachusetts. SEBAGO. Blake, Charles A., Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1801. Drown, Sidney F., Co. K, 26th Inf.; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company, July 10, 1803. Brown, William S., Co. K, 25th Inf. ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. willi company, July 10, 1803. Cook, Benjamin F., Co. 1, lOlh Inf.; must. Oct 4, 1861. Cole, Charles, Co. K, 25th Inf. ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; died Dec. 17, 1802. Cook, Alonzo S., Co. K, 25th Inf.: must. Sejit. 29, 1802; disch. from hospital. Cross, Lewis C, District of Columbia Cav.; mnst. Feb. 19, 1804. Douglass, George, Jr., Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. with com- pany. Dyer, Reuben M., Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Dunn, Thomas, Co. K, 1st H. Art. ; mnst. Sept. 18, 1803 ; disch. Sept. 1865. Foss, Ambrose, Co., 10th Inf. Haley, David M., D. C. Cav.; must. Feb. 19, 1864. Hatch, Henry C, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. with company. Haley, Ira H., Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Hill, William H., Co. K,2oth Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Johnson, Charles, Co. G, 20th Inf ; must. Nov. 14, 1804 ; trans, from 16th Inf. ; disch. July, 1866. McKenney, James, Co. A, 5tli Inf. Martin, Daniel D., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; leg shot off Sept. 15, 1862. Martin, John, Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, to Co. D, Bat. 12lh Maine Inf. ; disch. with company. Martin, William H., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861. Mariner, Greenleaf T., Co. 1, 10th Inf.; must. July 21, 1862; trans. 1863. Martin, Ira L., Co. H, IVth Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wonnded July 2; died Aug. 19, 1863. Meservo, Johr,, Corp., Co. K, 25lh Inf. ; must. Sept 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Martin, Jason, Co. K, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Pliinney, William S., sergt, Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Pendexter, Noah J., Co. K, 26th Inf.; must. Sept.29, 1862. Pierce, Henry M., Co. K,26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; died May 11, 1863. Richardson, Washington; Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861; wounded and prisoner, 1862. Richardson, Isaac, Co. D, 2d Shaipshonters; must. Feb. 22, 1864 ; trans, to 17th Inf., 1805. Robinson, Robert R., Co. D, 2d Sharpshooters; must Feb. 22, 1864. Rodgers, John, Co. D, 2d Sharpshooters ; must. Feb. 22, 1864. Saundeis, Andrew, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must Aug. 18, 1862; wounded July 2, 1802 ; trans, to 3d Rhode Island Bat Storer, Thomas T., corp., Co. K, 2oth Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; dis'-h. with com- , Co. K, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with th Shaw, Benjamin, r company. U^hor, Joshua L., Co. H, iHth Inf.; must. Aug. 19, 1862; trans. 1863. Weeman, William II. U., 1st Bat. Mounted Art. ; mnst. Jan. 1,1864 ; disch company, July 15, 1865. Weeman, Samuel H., Ist Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. March 3, 1804 ; disrh. with company. Wright, James, Co. G, 10th Inf; must. Nov. 3, 1804; trans, to 20th Inf. Whitney, Allred, Co. A, 6th Inf. Wontworth, Edward E., Corp., Co. K, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1802; disch with company. Wentworlh, William, Co. K, 251h Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1802; trans, to Co. H 16lh Inf, Oct. 15, 1862. Ward, Eben, Co. K, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Ward, David, Co. K, 25tli Inf. ; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with comimny. Witham, Jacob, Jr., Co. K, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with comjiany STANDISH. Atchinson, .loseph H., Co. K, 13lh Inf; must. 1861 ; re-enl. February, 1864 ; transferred. Burnham, John G, sergt , Co. I, 3lilh Inf; must. June 0, 1864; disch. July 31, 1806. Dorset!, Thomas, Co. K, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 20, 1801. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 451 Davi-J, Albert H., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. and aei-gt.; disi:li. witli company. Dow, Benjamin A., Co. H, 17tli Inf.; must. Ang.18, 1862; iliscli. with compnny. KUwell, Marquis G., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 14, 181)4; killeil April 9, 1804. Gray, James S., 1st District of Columbia Cav. ; must. Jan. 19, 1864. Hiuiscomb, Stephen, Co. G, 7th Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 18G1 ; trans 18C;i. Howe Francis O. S., sergt., Co. A, loth Inf.; must. Dec. 6, 1861 ; pro. to lat sergt., 1862; pro. to lieut., August, 1862. Ilolison, William A., Co. I, 3(lth Inf.; must. Jan. 6, 1864; disch. Sept. 11,1865. Holison, Jeiemiah, Co. I, 30th Inf.; must, Jan. 0, 1861; killed April 23, 1864. Harmon, William, Co. I, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864; disch. Juno 20, 1865. Hanly, William, Co. D, 17th Inf.; must. Foli. 20, 1865; disch. April 28, 1805. Kemp, Charles E., Co. B, 1st Cav. ; must. Feb. 20, 1801 ; disch. with company. LibUy, William D., Co. K, 12th Inf. ; must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1,1804; trans, to Bat. 12th Maine Inf. Libby, Henry T., Corp., Co. F, Ist Cav.; must. Oct. 19, 1801 ; pro. to 1st sergt., Nov. 1, 1862. Libby, Major J., Ck). H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862; trans, to 1st H. Art. 1864. Leavitt, Granville A., Co. I, 30tli Inf. ; must. Jan. 0, 1804 ; disch. with company. Meserve Mark M., artificer, 6lh Bat. Mounted Art. ; must. Doc. 4, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 22, 1802. Moses, Alonzo, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; disch. with company. Marr, William E., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 0, 1804 ; disch. May 18, 1804. McDonald, A. Fessenden, Co. I, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 12, 1804 ; wounded April 21 ; disch. with company. Paine, John H., rcgimenfcll band, llth Inf. ; must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; died at Wash- ington, D. C, Jan. 8, 1862. Pease, John M., regimental band, llth Inf.; must. Oct. I'J, ISOl; di^cli. with band, Aug. 12, 1802. Prescott, Hiram S., must. Nov. 12, 1801. Ridlon, Isiuic, Co. I, 30tli Inf. ; must. Jan. 0, 1804 ; discli. May 31, 1805. Ridlon, Franklin D., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must. Jan. 0, 1804; disch. with company. Ridlon', Andrew, Co. I, 30tli Inf. ; must. Jan. 14, 1804 ; wounded Api il 23 ; disch. March 20, 1865. Shaw, Clinton D. W., 2'.ith Inf. ; must. April 24, 1805. Sawyer, Francis A., Co. K, 32d Inf.; must. May 6, 1804; trans, to Co. K, 3lst Maine Kegt. Sturgis, William H., sergt., Co. H, 17th Inl.; must. Aug. 18, 1802 ; pro. to 2d lieut., 1863. Sands, Thomas, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; pro. to Corp. and sergt.; di»ch. with company. Spear, Alplionzo A., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; disch. with com- pany. Sanborn, Orville S., Co. K, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 10, 1861 ; detacliod to Signal Corps, 1802. Strout, Frank, Co. G, 13lli Inf.; must. Dec. 31, 1801. Simpson, Frank L., Co. I, 20th Inf. ; must. Oct. 21, 1864. Smith, Leonard B., Co. C, 31at Inf.; must. March 23, 1864; disch. May 22, 1S05. Smith. Frank 0. J., Co. H, 31st Inf.; must. April 21, 1801; disch. 1803. Tripp, William A., must. March 12, 1802. Warren, Ed «ard B., Co. E, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1861; wounded at Antietani ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Ward, William H.. Co. E, lotli Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. with company. Whitney, Natlian T., Co. E, 10th Int. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861; killed at Slaughter Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862. Whitcomb, Robert B., Corp., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802 ; disch. with company. Warren, Cliarles A , Co. H, Hth Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded May 6; disch. May 16. 1865. Watson, John, Co. I, 20tli Inf.; must. Oct. 21, 1864; disch. with company. White, Charles W., Co. I, 30th Inf. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864; disch. with company. Welch, John W., Co. C, 31st Inf. ; must. April 23, 1864 ; disch. for wounds, Jan. 11, 1805. Welch, Tliomaa, Jr., Co. H, 3l8t Inf.; must. April 21, 1864; disch. v pany. Whitney, William G., 29th Inf.; must. April 20, 1863. Whitney, Henry 0., District of Columbia Cav.; must. Feb. 19,1864; tri ;ith I WESTBROOK. Anderson, Edward A., Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; reduced by his own request; disch. with conipany, July 10, 1863. Abbott, Sewall L., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Adams, Joshua, Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Andrews, Martin B., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. with company. Atkins, Joseph R., Co. B, 1st Cav. ; must. Oct. 18, 1864 : disch. May 31, I860 Adams, Irving D., Co. 1, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861 ; re-enl. in Co. 1, 10th luf., Oct. 4, 1861 ; missing, 1862. Allen, William, musician, Co. 1, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 1861; re-enlistod. Adams, George M., Co. A, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861, for three months. Arnold, James B., Co. K, 2d Inf. ; must. July 11, 1861 ; disch. for wounds. Oct. 25, 1862. Adams, Joseph, Co. H, 5th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1861. Adams, David, Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861. Austin, Benjamin, Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861. Austin, Moses, Co. K, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861 . Adams, Royal L., Co. B, 12tli Inf. ; must. Nov. 16, 1H61 ; trans, to U. S. Artillery, 1863. Allen, William C, Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; wounded at Port Hud- son, 1863; disch. with conipany. Adams, Frank, Co. II, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; pro. Corp., 186-1 ; di»ch. with company. Allen, Leonard, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 31, 1864. Barry, Thomiw, Co. B, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Barber, Lorenzo, Co. I, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Babb, Henry, Co. 1, 1st luf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Babb, Henry S., Corp., Co. I, 10th Inf. ; nuist. Oct. 4, 1801 ; pro. to Ut sergt., July 10, 1802. Bolton, William, Co. 1, loth Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; pro, to 1st. sergt., July 10, 1802. Babb, Joseph H., Co. B, .5th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1801 ; dropped from rolls, 1802. Bicknell, George W., 6th Inf. ; must June 24, 1801. Brackett, Richard 0., Co. A, 5th luf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; dropped, 1802. Berry, Ellas B., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; disch. with comiany. Brown, Horace T., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861; died at Fort St. Philip, Oct. 13, 1862. Bacon, John M., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 31, 1861; re-enl. 1804; transferred. Bicknell, George W., Co. H, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to Ist liout Co. K, June 15, 1862. Babb, Josiah P., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1802 ; disch. 1865. Barber, William, Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1802; died Sept. 29, 1803. Bixby, Benjamin F., Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; umst. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Babb, Herbert L., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Best, Martin W., Co. E,25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Bailey, William, Co. E, 25th Inf.; nuist. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Bennett, Erastus B., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Babsou, Washington, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Burke, William T., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. witli conipany. Brennan, James, Co. B, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Buchenbacher, George, Co. D, 3d luf; must. Aug. 20, 1863; killed May 2:1, 1864. Babb, Herbert L., Co. B, 30th Inf. ; must. Feb. 27, 1865. Babb, North L., Co. H, 31st Inf.; must. April 21, 1864; disch. with compauy, July 15, 1865. Barney, Blase, Co. A, 15th Inf.; must. Feb. 9, 1865; disch. Juno 20, 1805. Belleau, Ferdinand, Co. A, 16th Inf. ; must. Feb. 10, 1805. Curran, Michael, Co. E, 26tli Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1802 ; discli. with compauy. Crediford, Charles H., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with com- pany. Crediford, Christopher C, Cx). E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29,1862; disch. withcoDi- Cram, Silas H., Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with com- Cram, Silas U., Co. B, Coast Guards ; must. Oct 29, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1862. Crockett, Henry C, musician, Co. F, 16th Inf.; must Aug. 14, 1862; disch. with company. Chute, Charles A., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. IS, 1802 ; prw. to con>. ; wounded May 0; disch. April 19, 1805. Cobb, Solomon, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must Aug. 18, 1862; wounded July 2; disch. Oct 10, 1863. Crosby Leonard E., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must Aug. 18, 1862 ; died Match 6, \Sho. Crane, Algernon S., Co. B, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with compauy. Card, William B., Co. H, 17th luf.; must Sept 4, 1863; trans, to 1st H. Art., Cobb James H., Co. G, 14th Inf. ; must March 19, 1864 ; killed July 30, 1864. Clouser, John, Co. F, Ist Cav. ; must Oct 18, 1804 ; disch. with compauy. Coffin, William, Co. B, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Carey Martin, Co. II, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861 ; disch. Oct 27, 1862. Cobb, Edwin B., CO. H, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861; disch. Jam 13 1862 Crockett, David S., Co. A, 6th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept 14, 1863. Crockett, Daniel M., Co. C, 12th luf. ; must Nov. 15, 1861 ; wounded and prisoner at Ponchatoula, Ark. Cobb, J. H., Co. G, 7tli Inf. ; must Aug. 21, 1861. Cobb, Levi B., Co. G, 7tli Inf. ; must. Sept 24, 1861. Collin, William U., Corp., Co. C, lOtli Inf. ; must Oct 5 1801. Crockett, Horace, Co. E, 13th luf.; must Dec. 31, 1861; re-e„l. Feb. 9, 1804 , Dodge, William T., Co. B, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, l-iOl ; trans, to to. A. luth ^ et Inf., 1863. Dresser, James L., Co. -, 5th Inf.; mnst. June, 1881. Duran, James, Co. D, lOtli Inf. ; must. Oct 4, 1861. Dav William, Co. E, 10th Inf. ; must Oct 4, 1864. .„,„„, Davis Charle K., Co. B, Coast Oua,^ ; must. Oct 29, 1861 ; disch. Sept 9, 1862 Day Mph H., s^rgt., Co. H, 17tli Inf. ; must Aug. 18. 1862; pro. U, 2d U.ut; Dye. ci::;:'^. so^^t!^. a. -"• -^^ -- «*■>•■ ^- ^-^= -'-"• ""■ — nauy, Jnly 1". ^^'^■ DOW Frank L., Co. A, 25th Inf.; must Sopt 29, 1862; disch. w.tha,mp.ny. dIw;, losS.;Co. E, 25th Inf.: must. Sep.. 29 1862; disch. with com.«„y. Drown, Washington I., Co. G, 7th luf.; must Juno 29, 1863. 452 HISTORY OF CUMBKKLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Elwcll, Hezckiali, Co. I, lat Inf.; must. May 3, 1801 ; re^eiil. in Co. I, Idtli Inf. Oct. 4, 1801. Emorson, Fred .\., Co. H., fitli Inf. ; must. June 24, lS(il ; ilroppoil, lSC:i. Emery, Ceplias. Co. D, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 10, IHOl ; .liauh. July 29, 1S(3. Fellows, James L., Co. I, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Fogg, Albert R., Co. 1, 1st luf ; must. May 3, 18G1. Foye, Charles W,, Corp., Co. I. Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Forbes, Andrew J., sorgt., Co. F, 7tli Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 1801 ; disL-h. June 28, 1802. Fellows, James I... Corp., Co. 1, 10th Inf.; must. Oct 4, 1801 ; disch. May 31, 1802. Frost, Aaron T., Ist sergt., Co. A, 12th Inf. ; m ust. Nov. 10, 1801 ; trans, to Navy, 1803. Fitzpatrick, James, Co. K, 2rjth Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; diech. with company. Fogg, Albert H., Co. K, Ist Cav. ; must. Fob. 10, 1804 ; disch. with company. Gruut, Albion K. P., Co. E, 2oth Inf.; must. Sept. 20,1802; trans. to baud; disch. with company. Grant, Edwin L., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 20, 1802 ; disch. with company. Gove, Charles II., Corp., Co. I, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801 ; re^enl. in Co. F, Ist Cav., Oct. 19, 1801. Gove, Horace, Co. I, 1st Inf ; must. May 3. 1801. Graham, Charles C, Co. I, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, IsOl; pro. to 2d lieut., .Sept. 17, 1802. Greeley, John W., Co. I, lal Inf, ; must. Miiy 3, 1801. Greeley, John W., Corp. Co. I, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1801; prisoner May 25, 1802 ; e.\changed. Goodrich, Charles II., Co. I, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Grant, Dauiel, Co. D, Oth Inf. ; must. July 16, 1801. Grant, Samuel, Co. F, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1801. Graffam, J. F., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Sept. 10, 1801. Gulliver, Franklin, Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Sept. 10, 1801. Graham, Charles C, sergt., Co. I, lOth luf. ; nnist. Oct. 4, 1801. Gore, Nathan, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1801 ; re-enl. 1804 ; transferred. Gray, John H., Co. H, 13th Inf.; must, Dec. 12, 1801 ; discharged with company. Goodridge, Charles H., corp., Co. F, 10th Inf. ; nmst. Aug. 14, 1802 ; reduced, 1S03 ; pro. to Corp., 1804 ; disch. Juno 23, 1805. Graffam, Francis A., Co. B, loth Inf. ; must. Aug. 12, 1802 ; died Feb. 7, 1803. Graham, Peter S., Co. D, 2(itli Inf. ; must. Feb. 22, 1805 ; transferred. Holland, Charles, Co. I, 2d Cav. Howard, Alonzo, Co. A, Ifith Inf.; must. Feb. 0, 1805. Haskell, Foster M.. Co. I, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801 ; rc-enl. in company I, luth luf., Oct. 4, 1801. Hazcn, John B., Co. B, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Ilazen, .lohn B., Corp., Co. F.lst Cav.; must. Oct. 19, 1801 ; disch. May 25, 1802. Houston, John S., Co. 1, let Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1801 ; discharged. Houston, Ithamer. Co. I, Ist Cav.; must. Oct. 19, ISOl ; discharged. Uudgdon, CliarU'S A., Co. I, Ist Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, 1801 ; discharged ; re-enl. in Co. I, lOtli Inf., Oct. 4, 1801. Hanly, Francis E., Co. A, 6tli Inf.; must. June 24, 1801 ; disch. with company, July 27, 1804. Harris, William F., Co. F, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1,^01 ; ilied at Cape Griffin, 1802. Hunt, G. F., Co. G, 7th Inf ; must. Aug. 21, 1801. Iloilsdorr, Andrew J., Co. 1, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1801. Hodgdon, William P., Co. C, 12th Inf., must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; pro. to com. sergt. 1803. Halo, Lorenzo D., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1801. UiUl, Lorenzo I>., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1801. Howard, Simeon, Co. B, 10th Vet, Regt. ; mu.st. Aug. 28, 18«2 ; trans, to 29tli Inf. Hart, Stephen P., sergt., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 10, 1802 ; pro. to 1st sergt. ; wounded July 2, 1803; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1864. Horr, Dauiel P., corp., Co. II, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 10, 1802 ; wounded at Freder- icksburg, Dec. 13, 1802; disch. May 11, 1803. Hatch, Royal S., Co. H, 17th Inf. : must. Aug. 10, 1802; killed April 0, 1805. Horr, Granville C, Co. E, -iSth, Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; pi-o. to. corp. ; disch. witli company. Ilibbs, James, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. Hayes, Marshall, Co. E, 2.5th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; diflcli. with company. Hill, Charles H., Co. E, 2,5111 Inf. ; must. Sejit. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Harmon, Warren, Co. E, 251h Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Harmon, Alliert F., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; pro. to Corp.; disch. with company. Harmon, John O., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Harmon, Edward B., flfer, f;o. K, 25tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862. HusUm, Nathaniel L., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; pro. to Corp. Harmon, Howard, Co. A, 20th Inf.; nmst. March 15,1806; transferred. Httwkes, Joseph C, Co. A, 2utli Inf.; must. Feb. 0, 1805 ; transfoired. Hansi>n, William T.. Co. B, 30tli Inf.; must. Feb. 27, 1805. Illsley, Kiioch B.. Co. B, Ist Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Jameson, George W., Co. E. 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. .lewett, William W., Co. I, let Inf.; must. May 3, 1801 ; re-eul.in Co. 1,10th Inf., Oct. 4, 1801. Jameson, George W., sergt., Co. E, 8th Inf.; must. Sept. 7, Isol. Johnson, Albert H., sergt., Co. 1, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; pro. to 1st lieut., Sept. 17, 1802. Jones, Edwin W., Cm. I, llllh Inf.; nmst. Oct. 4, 1861. Johnson, Bartholomew, Co. K, I3lh I nf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1801 ; died in Maine. Jones. Maltluw T., f... E, 131li Inf : nuisl. Dc,-. In, 1861 ; tran,-.. 180:1. Jack, Harrison J., Co. F, Ist Cav. ; must. Oct. 19, IfCl ; pro. to corp., 1802. Jordan, Leonard, musician, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; nmst. Sept. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Com- missary Depaitment. Jordan, William H., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with company. Jewett, Orren F., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1802; discli. with company. Jack, Charles E., Co. K, 1st Cav. ; must. Feb. 10, 1804 ; trans. Aug. 1, 1^05. Knight, Levi G., Co. C, .5th Inf.; nmst. June 24, 1861. Kalloik, Royal T., sergt., Co. E, 13th luf.; must. Dec. 10, 1801; reduced 18c;i; re-enl. 1864 ; transferred. Knight, Charles, Corp., Co. C, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; died July 24, 1804. Knight, Storer S., Co. B, loth But, Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1802; trans. 1864. Kollock, Edward K., sergt., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1802; disch. wilh company. Keenan, Jolin, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1862 ; disch. w itii company. Kollock, Horace T., Co. B, 30th Inf. ; must. March 3, 1865. Larnibee, David, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1804 ; disch. with company. Lewis, George P., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sejit. 29, 1864; disch. with company. Legrow, Richard P., Co. E, 2.5tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1864 ; disch. with company. Legiow, Cyrus, Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1804; disch. with company. Lapoint, Lewis, Co. B, 3d Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 1803. Leighton, Eben, Co'. I), 20th Inf.; nmst. Feb. 22, 1865; transferred. Littlefleld, Charles, Co. H, 31st Inf.; nmst. Apiil 21, 1804; disch. with company. Libbey, Alonzo, Co. I, let Inf.; nmst. May 3, ISOI. Lewis, George P., Co. I, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Leighton, Adrial, Co. — , 2d Inf ; must. July 15, 1801 ; trans. 1863. Leighton, William W.,Co. B, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. 1804; trans- ferred. Leighton, Chas. H., Co. B, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 10, 1801 ; disch. with cimpany. Lord, Cyrus E., Co. C, 12th Inf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1801 ; re-enl. 1804; transferred. Larrabee, Andrew J., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1802 ; pro. to corp., 1804 ; disch. with company. LoriTig, James H., Co. U, nth Inf.; must. Aug. 1.8, 1S02; pro. to sergt.; killed July 2, 1803. Lewis, Augustus J., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; discli. March 17,180:!. Libliy, Edwin D., Co. B, 25th Inf.; nmst. Sept. 20, 1802; diach. with company. Mariner, Thomas B., Ck). I, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 1801. Mason, Edwin, Co. B, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Mayhew, Hebron, ensign. Mesei vc, Amos, Co. B, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Mnlvey, John, Co. I, let Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Murray, Alvin, Co. A, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 1861. Mariner, George F., sergt., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1801; iiro. to Corps d'Afriijue, 1803. Mitclullson, A. T., sergt., Co. G, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 12, 1801; pm. in Coriw d'Afrique in 1803 ; detached at Ship Island in charge of ordnance. Merrill, George I!., Co. B, Coast Guards ; must. Oct. 29, 1801 ; disih. Aug. 23, 1802. Milliken, Asa H., Co. B, C^oast Guards ; must. Oct 29, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 9, 1802. Mariner, Jabez, Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1802 ; commissary clerk, 186:* ; disch. Nov. 20, 1864. Morton, Van B., Co. H, 17tli Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wonnded at Fredericks- burg. Dec. 13, 1802 ; detached to Division Provost Gnanl ; disch. with com- pany. Men ill, Freeman T., Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf.: must. S<'pt. 29, 1862; appointed wagoner; disch. with company. Moserve, John, wagoner, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; returned to ranks; disch. with company. Morris, James, Co. A, 20tb Inf.; must. Feb. 9, 1805; transferreil. Merrill, Lemuel 0., Co. K, 1st Cav.; must. Sept. 20, 1804; disih. May 28, 1805. Merrill, Thomas H., Co. K, 3d Inf. ; must. July 15, 1863 ; trans, to )7th Inf., 18(W. Mnrr, Sumner I., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Morton, Abraham B., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. with com- pany. Morton, Charles W., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must Sept 20, 1862; discli. with company. McCulIongh, Samuel G., Co. E, 25tli Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862; trans, to 1st H. Art.; wounded June, 1864. McGrath, Joseph, Co. B, 3d Inf ; must. Aug. 19, 1863; trans. 1864. Newton, John W., sergt., Co. B, 3d Inf.; must. Aug. 19, 1863; disch. with coni- Nason, William P., Co. H, 7th Inf.; must Aug. 21, 1661 ; pro. to coi-p., 1862. Noble, Tliadeus J., Co. H., 17th luf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; detached to Livings- ton's Bat, 1802. Noyes, diaries W., Co. II, 11th Inf.; must Aug. 18, 1802; discli. Oct 7, 1802. O'Donncll, John, (Jo. E, 25tli Inf.; must Sept 20, 1802; disch. witli company. I'luistewl, Frederick S., Co. E, 25tli Inf.; miiBt Sept 29, 1862; disch. with coni- I>any. Philbrook. James A, Co. E., ijtii Inf; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with ccjiii- pany. Pratt, Rjliert B., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Phinney, Augustus, Co. E, 25th Inf; must Sept 20, 1862; disch. with comiatny. Peachy, John B., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Partridge, Charies A., Co. K, Ist Cav.; must Jan. 23, 1864; pro. to corp , 180.".; discli. with company. Phinney, William C, Co. F, Ist Vet Inf. ; must Jan. 0, 1865, as Ist lieut. Proctor, Rtiyal B., 1st sorgt, Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must Dec. 10, 1801 ; pro. to lieut, 1862. Pennell, George A., Co. H, ITth Inf.; must Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Feb. 26, 186:1. Plaistead, J.«eph M., Co. H. 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Oct 14. 18B2. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. 453 PlaiBtcad, Trafton S., Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded June 16, 1«M; (lisch. May 18, 1866. Pride, Leonard, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; pro. to Corp.; died of wounds, June 23, 186*. Packard, .hihn A. A., sergt., Co. H, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861. Phiuncy, William C, Co. G, 5th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861; pro. to «ergt.; made brigade blacksmith ; re-eul. 18G4 ; trans, to Ist Maine Veterans. Pcnnell, George A., Co. I, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, IMCl. Pennell, John W., Co. I, 1st Inf.; must. May 3, 18f.l ; re-enl. Co. I, 10th Inf., Oct. 4, 1861. Pratt, Thomas C, Co. C, 13th Inf. ; must. Nov. 17, 1861 ; pro. to i;orp. ; disch. with company. Pride, Francis 0. J. S., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 16, 1861 ; re-enlisted ; pro. to Corp. ; transferred. Quimby, Cliarles H., Co. F, 8th Inf.; must. April 4, 1864; missing in battle at Drury'B Bluff, May 16, 1864. Quimby, William A., Co. I, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861 ; re-cnl. Corp., Co. 1, 10th Inf., Oct. 4, 1861; pro. to sergt., 1862. Quirk, John, Co. F, 11th Inf. ; must. Nov. 7, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 21, 1862. Quimby, Marshall H., Corp., Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; died July 18, 1862. Quimby, John 0., musician, Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; diech. with company. Kicker, Melville, Co. B, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. RoLiuson. Elliot O., Corp., Co. I, 8th Inf.; must. Sept. 7, 1861 ; reduced. Roberts, Moses G., sergt., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; discb. with com- pany. Sackliffe, Charles A., Corp., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 2«, 1862; reduced by his own request ; disch. May 21, 1863. Racklifle, Oliver S., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Koberts, William, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Roberts, John, Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Richards, William, Co. G, 9th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1864; disch. with company. Rayden, Michael, Co. C, 30th Inf. ; must. Sept. 27, 1864. Splau, James V., Co. E, Kith Inf. ; must. Dec. 31, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 31, 1862. Scolt, John G., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; trans, to 4lh Bat. Art., 1864. Swett, William H., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1S62; wounded June 16; disch. Dec. 6, 1864. Staples, Jeremiah, Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Apiil 7, 186.'!. Stevens, Frank G., sergt., Co. E, 26th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; pro. to 2d lieut. ; disch. with company. Sylvester, Alanson A., Co. E, 25lh Inf ; must. Sept. 1862 ; pro. to Corp. ; disch. with company. Sawyer, Nathaniel, Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; detached; diach. with company. Sawyer, George F., Co. E, 25th Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Sawyer, Charles E., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Stevens, Orrin B., Co. F, 6th Inf. ; must. Nov. 22, 1862, as 2d lieut. ; wounded May 3, 1864. Sarpicd, Joseph, Co. B, 30th Inf. ; must. Feb. 6, 1865. Snow, CTiarles H., Co. H, 31st Inf.; mnst. April 21, 1864: disch. July 27, 1865. Stevens, Franklin W., Co. D, 1st Bat. Inf.; must. April 5, 1865. Smith, Estil G., coip., Co. E, 13th Inf. ; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. July 7, 1862. Swett, Holland H., musician, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 18C1 ; disch. with com- pany. Sawyer, Frederic A., Co. B, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Sawyer, William R., Co. B, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Stanford, James W., Co. B, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Sweetsir, Frank C, sergt., Co. 1, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861.' Stevens, George L., Co. A, Ist luf. ; must. May 3, 1861. Sawyer, John (2d), Co. C, 3d Inf. ; must. June 4, 1861. Stevens, Orrin W., Corp., Co. H, 6th Inf.; must. June 24, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut., 1863. Stevens, Alfred A., Co. F, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 5, 1864. Stevens, George L., Co. C, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 5, 1861 ; missing, 1861. Stevens, Chartes L., Co. B, 12th Inf.; must. Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 27, 1862. Sturges, Eben, sergt., Co. C, 12th luf. ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; trans, to commissary department, 1863. Towle, Aiud H., Co. I, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1861 ; re-enl. Co. 1, 10th Inf., Oct. 4, 1861 ; pro. to drummer. True, Eben, Corp., Co. F, 7th Inf.; must. Aug. 21, 1861; pro. to sergt; trans. 1862; re-eul. 1864. Tnindy, Charles A., Co. G, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; disch. May 25, 1862. Tole, Andrew J., musician, Co. 1, 10th Inf ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Tole, Joseph H., musician, Co. H, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 9, 1864. Thomas, Chartes W., Co. H, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded Juno 18; disch. Dec. 14, 1865. Tliiinborg, Charles, Co. B, 25th Inf; mnst. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Trask, William E., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; sick ; unfit for duty. Tullis, James, Co. C, 30th Inf.; must. Oct. 5, 1864; disch. with company. Valentine, Leonard, Co. E, 25th Inf.; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Wade, William, sergt., Co. 1, 1st Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801. Wade, William, 1st sergt., Co. 1, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1801 ; pro. to 2d lieut. ; killed at Antietam. Waterhouse, Peter B., musician. Co. B, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Welch, Robert B., Co, I, imh Inf. ; mnst. Oct. 4. 1861. Wescotl, Enoch, corp., Co. I, loth Inf ; must. Ocl. 4, 1861. W'clch, Alblou F., Co. I, loth Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 18«1. Welch, Alvan F., Co. 1, 10th Inf. ; must. Oct. 4, 1861. Wliidden, George D., Co. I, lotli Inf. ; niUBt. Oct. 4, 1801 ; Uiaih. 1864. Wclih, George, Co. F, 7th Inf. ; must. Aug. 21, 1801 ; tmns. 1862. Webb, Eli, Co. 1, 10th Inf.; must. Oct. 4, 1881. Weber, Benjamin, Co. E, 13th Inf.; must. Dec. 10, 1801; re^:nl. 18<;4; trans- ferred. Winslow, George M., Co. B, Coast Ouarda ; must. Oct. 29, 18C1 ; dinch. Sept S, 1862. Whidden, George A., sergt., Co. II, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 16, 1862 ; pro. to 1st sergt. ; and 2d lieut.. May 4, 1863. Winslow, Sumner, Corp., Co. II, 17th Inf.; must Aug. 10, 1862; woundcnl at Fredericksburg, Dec, 1802; killed July 2, 1863. Webb, James M., Corp., Co. II, 17th Inf.; must. Aug. 16, 1862; pro. to sergt, 1863 ; pro. to Ist sergt. and 2d lieut, Co. K, 1864. Winslow, Nathaniel P., Co. II, nth Inf.; nmst Aug. 16, 1802; dinch. May 29, 1805. Ward, John, Co. 1, 19th Inf. ; must Aug. 15, 1863; killed MayO, 1804. Walker, Orzo F., Corp., Co. K, Ist Cav. ; must Feb. 23, 1864 ; missing in battle, Sept 16, 1864. Winsor, John, Co. C, 30th Inf.; must. Oct. 5, 1864. Watson, Edward E., Co. D, 1st Cav.; must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. with company. Wakefield, Domijiicus C, sergt., Co. E, 2oth Inf.; must Sopt 29, 1802; plw. to Ist sergt. ; disch. with company. Waterman, Mark P., coii>., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1802; diach. with company. Woodbury, Joel S., corp., Co. E, 25th Inf ; must Sept. 29, 1802 ; pro. to sergt. ; disch. with company. Walden, John C, corp., Co. E, 25th Inf. ; mnst Sept 29, 1802 ; reduced by own reiiuest; diisch. with company. Woodford, Chartes A., Co. E, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with com- pany. Warren, George, Co. E, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Walker, Richard, Co. E, 26th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862. WINDHAM. Antoine, Ambrose, Co. G, Stli Inf.; must. June 2:1, 1861; pro. to coq'., 1802 ; to sergt., 1863; re-enlisted; tran.s. to 1st Maine Vet. Inf., 1804. Antoine, John G., C. G, 6th Inf. ; must June 2:), 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1863. Austin, William K., 5th Inf.; must June, ISCl; re^inl. Fob. 10,1805; killed March 3, 1865. Bragdon, Levi, Co. B, 2d Cav.; must. Sept 30, 1804; disch. June 10, 1805. Brazier, Harrison, Co A, 20tli Inf Brown, William H., (Jo. D, Ist Inf. ; must. May 3, 1801 ; for throe months. Bond, Charles J., sergt., Co. H, I7thlnf ; must Aug. 18, 1862 ; returned to r«uks, 1864 ; disch. with company. Bolton, Sumner C, eergt., Co. F, 25th Inf.; mnst Sept. 29, 1802; roluced; disch. with company. Bradbury, Cotton M., Co. F, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1602 ; disch. with company. Bodge, William, Co. B, 1st Bat, lOlh Vet Inf.; mnst Aug. 2:1, 1802; traus. 1884. Brackett, John T., Co. I, 30th Inf.; must Jan. 6, 1864; disih. with company, Aug. 20, 1865. Cook, James M., Co. H, 31st Inf.; must April 21. 1864; disch. June 21. 1805. Cobb, George W., Co. H, 3l8t Inf. ; mnst April 21, 1864 ; disch. with company. Cloudman, Francis, Co. F, 5th Inf. ; must. Juno 24, 1864. Cobb, Daniel, Co. D, 17th Inf; must Aug. 18, 1802; wounded at Gettysburg; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1804. Cobb, Uriah, Co. H, 17th Inf; must Aug. 18, 1862; wounded May 10, 1804; disch. with company. Cobb, George L., Corp., Co. F, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1802; disch. with com- pany, Jnly 10, 186:1. Cobb, Isaac, Co. F, asth Inf; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with com|«ny ; ro^jn- listed ; trans, to 29th Inf., 1863 ; pro. to corp., 1865. Cobb, Charles A., Co. F, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with a>m\m>r, July 10, 1803. Cash, James R., Co. D, 20th Inf.; must. Feb. 15; died March 27, 1865. Doughty, Joseph M., Co. A, 6lli Inf.; must June 24, 1861 ; disch. with comp«ny. Dial, Charlei H., Co. F, 25th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. Aug. 20. 1865. Dole, Daniel H., Co. F, 25th Inf.; must Sept 29, 1802; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Dolley, Nathan D., Co. F, 25th Inf.; mnst Sept 29, 1862; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. Doplais, Leon, Co. A, 3d Inf. ; must Aug. 22, 1803. Doughty, J. J., regimental band, 25th Inf. ; must Sept 29, 1802 ; disch. July 11. 1863. Elder Joseph G., O). II, 17th Inf. ; must Aug. 18, 1802; dl8>h. May 31. 186.-.. Emery, Charles E., wagoner, Co. F, 25tli Inf. ; must Sopt 29, 1862; disi'h. with company. Elder, Stephen W., Co. F, 25th Inf.; mnst. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Estes' Robert, Co. F, 25th Inf.; must Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with c.uni«ny. Fmrbanks, Willard A., Co. F, 2r.th Inf. ; must. Sept 29, 1862 ; disch . with c.n.pany. Felker, Eira D., Co. F, 25th Inf; most. Sept. 29, 1862: disch. with company. Field William W., Co. F, 2.1th Inf; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with comi«ny. Freeman, Sargent S., Corp., Co. K, 9th Inf.; must Sept. 21. ISM ; died at Kortn« Monroe, Nov. I. 1801. 45-1 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Fiolil, Eben, Co. — , Yth Inf.; must. Sept. 30, 1861 ; trans. 1863. Gmifum, Joseph A., Co. — , 7th luf. ; must. Aug. 'il, 1861 ; re-eulisted ; dUcli. June 23, 1865. GmfTuni, Eohort, Co. K, 9th Inf.; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; missing on furlough, May 17, 1863. Gniffhm, Allwrt, Co. K, 9tli Inf. ; must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; died Aug. 10, 1863. C.ulli.son, Oliver B., Co. II, 17th Inf. ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; re-eulisted ; disch. April 2,1, 1865. GrafTam, Johu N., Co. F,25th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1862; disch. with company. Hanson, Jason, Co. F, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 2, 1862 ; disch. with company. Hanson, Franklin, Corp., Co. F, a-Oth Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1802 ; disch. with com- pany. Hooper, Clinton B., sergt., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Hall, Webb, sergt., Co. F, 25th Inf. ; must. Sept. 29, 1862 ; reduced ; disch. with company. Hanscomb, William S., Co. II., nth Inf.; must. Aug. 18, 1802; disch. June 10, 1865. Hanson, Amos H.. musician, Co. I, 1st Inf.; must. May 3,1861; re-enlisted in Co. K, 9th Inf., on Sept. 21, 1801 ; killed by shell, July 17, 1863. Hooper, Clinton B., Co. A, 5th Inf; must. June 24, 1861. Howe, Warren, Co. K, 9tli Inf ; must. Sept. 21, 1801 ; re-enlisted in 1863 ; pro. to Corp. ; trans, in 1804. Hunt, Moses, Co. — , 13th Inf Hanson, Jason, Co. D, I5th Inf. ; must. Dec. 9, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 27, 1862. Hanson, Lyman W., Co. D, 15th Inf. ; must. Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to musician ; re- enlisted 1864. Haskell, Samuel V., Co. D, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 9, 1801; disch. with company. Hatch, David A., Co. D, 15th Iiif ; must. Dec. 9, 1801. Hawkes, William H., Co. D, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 9, 1801. Hill, Joseph, Co. D, 15th Inf ; must. Dec. 9, 1861 ; pro. to corp. ; disch. with com- pany. Hodsdon, George D., Co. C, 30th Inf. ; must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; pro. to Corp. ; died on transport, July 15, 1864. Iiisli, William H., Co. F, 25th Inf; must. Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Jordan, Thomas H., corp., Co. H, l"tli Inf; must Aug. 18, 1862; pro. to sergt.; wounded May 6, 1804 ; disch. with company. Johnson, George, Co. H, 4th Inf.; must. June 15, 1861. Johnson, George F., 4th Inf ; must. June, 1861. Knight, William 1"., Co. G, 7th Inf ; must. Aug. 21, 1861 ; missing in battle, Sept. 17, 1862. Knight, John A., Co. A, 20tli Inf; must. Oct. 10, 1804; disch. with company. Lowell, Albert, Co. C, 1st Inf ; must May 3, 1801. Libby, ElbiiUge, Co. K, 9th Inf ; must Sept. 21, 1801 ; detached, 1863 ; re-enlisted. Libby, Stephen, Co. K, 9th Inf ; must. Sept. 21, 1801 ; missing in action, July 11, 1803. Little, James W., Co. F, nth Inf; must Nov. 7, 1801; wounded at Fair Oaks; pro. Corp. and sergt., 1804 ; disch. Nov. 18, 1804. Lombard, John W., Corp., Co. G, 12th Inf ; must. Nov. 15, 1861 ; pro. sergt., 1863 ; wounded Sept. 19, 1864 ; disch. with company. Le Grow, Ephraira, Co. D, 15th Inf; must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; re-enl. in U. S. Art., 1863. Libby, Lorenzo D., Co. F, 16th Inf ; must Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. with company. Lari-y, Meshach P., Co. H, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; missing in battle. May 6, 1864. Libby, Elias H., Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862; died Feb. 10, 1863. Little, Paul E., Co. H, 17th Inf; must Aug. 18, 1862; wounded May 3; died July 24, 1863. Libby, Bela P., Co. F, 25th Inf ; must Sept 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Libby, Joseph, Co. F, 25th I[if ; must Sept 29, 1866; disch. with compauy. Lomliard, Charles, Co. F, 25tli Inf; must Sept 29, 1862; disch. with company. Little, Moses, Co. 1, 10th Inf; must. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. May 7, 1803. Libby, Daniel, Co. E, 29th luf; must Nov. 13, 1863; wounded Sept 22, 1804; disch. Aug. 22, 1865. Larr)', James, Co. C, ;«)th Inf ; must Dec. 29, 1863 ; died July 6, 1864. Leighton, Adria, Co. E, 9th Inf; must Jan. 1, 1804; disch. with company. Lakin, John, Co. A, 2uth Inf ; must. Feb. 10; disch. June 15, 1805. Mathews, Alljert L., Co. G, 7th Inf; must. Aug. 21. 1861; disch. Jan. 8, 1862. Mayberry, Nelson, regimental hand, 8th Inf ; must. Sept. 7, 1801 ; disch. with band, 1802. Manchester, Joseph K., Co. K, 9tli Inf; nuist. Sept. 21, 1801; died of wounds, 1803. Mortt)n, Frank, Co. K, 9th Inf; must Sept. 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted; detached, 1804. Morton, Charles E., Co. K, 9th Inf ; must Sept 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted ; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Maxwell. E. J., sergt., Co. D, 15th Inf; nnisl. Dec. 10, 1801; trans, to C^rps d'Afrique, 1863. Morali, John, Co. D, 15th Inf ; must Dec. 10, 1801 ; re-eul. January, 1804. Mayberry, James L., Co. D, 15th Inf : must. Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. 1862. Morton, Stephen T., Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1802; died Jan. 5, 1864. Mayberry, Samuel, Co. F, 25th luf; must. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. with company. Murphy, James, Co. A, 3d Inf; must. Aug. 20, 1863; trans, to nth luf Mayberry, William R., Co. C, lOlh Inf; must. Oct 5, 1861 ; disch. for wounds, J.in. 7, 1863. Mayberry, William B., Co. D, 2d Cav.; must. Sept. 30, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 29, 180S. Mason, Nathan, Co. A, 20th Inf ; must. Feb. 10; disch. June 28, 1865. Nash, Charles, Co. K, 25th Inf; must. Sept. 29, 1862. Powers, Albert, Co. F, IGth Inf; must Aug. 14, 1862; prisoner; excliangc.1 ; retaken Aug. 19, 1864. Priile, Jnson N., Co. F, 26th Inf ; must Sept 29, 1862 ; disch. with company. Puine, Frank, Co. I, loth Inf ; must. Aug. 9, 1862; trans. 1803. Pettcugill, John, Co. H, 3d Inf ; must July 31, 1862 ; missing Dec. 20, 1862. Quimby, Alonzo H., Co. I, 10th luf; must. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. Dec. 5, 1862. Kogors, Osgood W., corp., Co. A, 5th Inf ; must June 24, 1861 ; taken prisoner. May 3, 1863 ; exchanged ; disch. with company. Rogers, John A., Co. A, 5th Inf; must June 24, 1861; disch. July 3, 1862. Kackliffe, George W., Co. H, 17th Inf ; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; disch. July 15, 186.3. Band, Royal, Co. H, 17th Inf; must. Aug. 18, 1862 ; wounded July 2; died July 3, 1863. Roach, Jeremiah P. W., Co. I, loth Inf; must. Aug. 12, 1SC2; trans. 1863; pro. sergt. Robinson, Reuben, Co. H, 31st Inf ; must. April 21, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. Shaw, Almon, Co. A, 5th Inf. ; must. June 24, 1861. Strout Nathan A., C\illiam W., sergt., Co. H, 6th Inf. ; nmst Juno 24, 1861 ; diacfa. with com- pany, July 27, 1804. True, Frank W., Co. F, 1st C»v. ; must Oct 19, 1801 ; disch. Not. 24, 1862. Thompson, James, Co. I, 20th luf.; must Oct 1, 1864; transferred. True, Charles H., Co. H, 6th Inf. ; must June 24 ; disch. Oct 1, 1861. Verrill, Abraham, Co. D, 20th Inf.; must Feb. 17, 1866. Verrill, Anson, Co. D, 201b Inf; must. Feb. 17, 1865. Verrill, William, Co. D, 20th Inf.; must Feb. 17, 1865. Walker, John, Co. G, 25th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862. Williamson, Henry C, 20th Inf.; must. March 8, 1864. Woods, William A., Co. E, 30th Inf.; must Dec. 12. 1863; veteran: wounded; pro. to corporal. White, George, li). I, 9th Inf. ; must. Sept 28, 1864. Winslow, Frederick D., Co. H, 26th Inf.; must. Sept 29, 1862. Winslow, Frank, sergt., Co. U, 25th Inf. ; must Sept. 29, 1862. Walker, Charles, Corp., Co. F, l»t Cav.; must Oct 19, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 7, 1863. Wilmoor, Charles, 1st Cav. ; must. Jan. 6, 1864. 45G HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. Wolwtor, Cliauncoy B., Co. E, Ist Inf. Young, Eleiizer K., Co. F, loth Inf.; must. Oct. 4, ISOl; disch. with company. Young, Ohiirlcd, Co. D, lloth Inf.; must. Sept. 2», 1862; rc-enl. Sept, 30, 1.HM; pro. to corpora] ; transferred. Young, Adin, Co. G, isih Inf ; must. Sept. 29, 1802; disch. with company. York, Asa F., Co. G, 26th Inf.; must. Sept. 20, 1802; disch. with company. Coombs, James ; Doe, Levi ; Hickcy, Francis W., II. S. Navy. Jackson, Parius W , Htli K. I. H. Art.; Col. Troops. Hayes, Charles E. ; Johnson, Charles; Johnson, Henry; McCue, James; Mason, John; Nelson, IVter; Nichols, Antonio; Quiniliy, Samuel ; Scott, Robert; Steward, William. FOBEIGN ENLISTMENTS. Baker, Albert T., U. S. Navy. Baker, Charles U., U. S. Navy. Bakor, Sylvanus, U. S. Navy. Baker, Robert, U. S. Navy. Brown, John F., U. 8. Navy. Brown, Edwin F., U. S. Navy. Corliss, Amos Jr., V. S. Army. Colior, Edwanl, U. S. Navy. Curtis, Charles, U. S. Army. Canilroir, John, U. S. Navy. DrinkwaU'r, Watson G., U. S. Navy. Humphrey, William F., U. 8. Navy. McGuire, Rufus, Massachusetts. Pendleton, George H., U. S. Navy. Pendleton, Ralph J. C, U. S. Navy. Pratt, Edward C, U. S. Navy. Pratt, Hourj', U. S. Navy. E RR ATA. On page 26, Cliap. V., fir-'t line, for " Juines II." read James I. On page 40, second line of first note, for "Partnenf" read Portneuf. H ^9 78 J