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THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
Entered According to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 
 
 LOCKWOOD L. DOTY, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 
 
 Southern District of New York. 
 
THE 
 
 FIGHTING QUAKERS, 
 
 A TRUE STORY OF 
 
 
 L - ? THE WAR FOR OUR UNION 
 
 Bv A. J. H. Duganne. 
 
 WITH LETTERS FROM THE BROTHERS TO THEIR MOTHER: AND A FUNERAL SERMON BY 
 
 I(EV. O. P.. FI?0<r HIJ^G-EyiJtt. 
 
 BY AUTHORITY OF THE BUREAU OF MILITARY RECORD. 
 
 New-York : 
 J. P. RORENS, 3 7 PARK ROW. 
 
 1866. 
 

 •s>* 
 
 <■■ 
 
 i 
 
 
$othei]s of lew ¥0$ $tate, 
 
 , WHO GAVE 
 THEIR SONS TO THE UNION, 
 
 Sghie P8emoitf 
 
 IS REVERENTLY INSCRIBED. 
 
INDEX OF CHAPTERS 
 
 CHAPTER I. War 13 
 
 CHAP1ER II, Calling to Battle 23 
 
 CHAPTER III. Entering the Service 30 
 
 CHAPTER IV. On the March 37 
 
 CHAPTER V. A Soldier's Spirit 45 
 
 CHAPTER VI. " Brother Jack " 49 
 
 CHAPTER VII. Words of Patriotism 57 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. Notes on a March 63 
 
 CHAPTER IX. John in Service 66 
 
 CHAPTER X. A Gallant Kinsman 69 
 
 CHAPTER XL Gettysburg 74 
 
 CHAPTER XII. Influence of Patriotism 81 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. The Prisoner of War 92 
 
/ 
 
 EDWAKD HALLOCK KETCHAM 
 
 BORN IN MILTON, N. Y., DECEMBER TWENTY- 
 SEVENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIVE, 
 ENTERED THE SERVICE OF HIS COUNTRY, AT 
 KINGSTON, AUGUST NINETEENTH, EIGHTEEN 
 HUNDRED AND SIXTY-TWO ; COMMISSIONED 
 SECOND LIEUTENANT, CO. A., ONE 
 HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGI- 
 MENT, INFANTRY, N. Y. V. ; KILLED 
 AT GETTYSBURG, JULY SECOND, 
 EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIX- 
 TY-THREE ; BURLED ON THE 
 BATTLE-FIELD; 
 REMAINS SUBSEQUENTLY EXHUMED, 
 AND RE-LNTERRED IN THE 
 FRIENDS' BURIAL GROUND., 
 AT MILTON, N. Y. 
 
JOHN TOWNSEND KETCHAM. 
 
 BORN IN JERICHO, L. I., JANUARY TWELFTH, EIGH- 
 TEEN HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHT J ENTERED 
 THE SERVICE OF HIS COUNTRY, IN NEW 
 YORK CITY, FEBRUARY SIXTH, EIGHTEEN 
 HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THREE ; COMMIS- 
 SIONED SECOND LIEUTENANT, CO. M., 
 FOURTH REGIMENT CAVALRY, N. Y. 
 V. ; TAKEN PRISONER, AND DIED 
 IN LIBBY PRISON OCTOBER 
 EIGHTH, EIGHTEEN HUN- 
 DRED AND SIXTY-THREE ; 
 REMAINS RETURNED TO HIS FRIENDS, 
 AND RE-INTERRED IN THE 
 FRIENDS* BURIAL GROUND, 
 AT MILTON, N. Y. 
 
tutorial . 
 
 In the long roll of names made immortal by the 
 war recently closed, there are few around which 
 more interest clusters than those of the brothers 
 Ketcham. Not that their services were more 
 arduous, or their deaths more heroic, than were 
 those of thousands of others in the Federal ranks* 
 but that they were representatives of a Society 
 which for two centuries has opposed war, strife and 
 bloodshed — the Society of Friends ; and that their 
 names will live as " The Fighting Quakers." 
 
 Edward H. and John Ketcham were the sons 
 of David Ketcham, a native of Long Island, de- 
 ceased April 2d, 1860, and Martha ToWnsend 
 Hallock, a native of Milton, N. Y., and still a 
 resident of that village. Their ancestors, as far 
 back as the family have records, were Friends, or 
 Quakers, and bore their testimony consistently 
 and zealously to all the peculiarities of that 
 Society. They were-well educated and well-read 
 young men, and especially so for what the world 
 would call " mere farmers." With home and 
 plenty around them, and a loving mother to lead 
 them, they grew up to manhood, strong in the 
 faith of their fathers. Thus peacefully pursuing 
 
12 
 
 MEMORIAL. 
 
 their rural occupations, the youths dwelt with 
 their mother. Thus the rebellion found them. 
 They were opposed to war — they were opposed to 
 slavery ; but from the outset their convictions 
 were firm that the war was from God, for the 
 extermination of slavery. Both wished to enlist ; 
 but they were loving brothers, and each thought 
 that the other should remain on the farm with 
 their mother. This amicable dispute was gravely 
 and privately settled between themselves, by lot, 
 and Edward, the eldest, gave in his name to the 
 new regiment then being raised in Ulster county. 
 
 But, the conscience of John was not satisfied. 
 He felt and wrote, " I ought to give my life, if it 
 be my lot, for the cause of law and liberty in its 
 need ;" and, with this impression, he speedily fol- 
 lowed his brother as a soldier in the ranks of what 
 to his enthusiastic spirit, was indeed " the army of 
 the Lord." 
 
 There is something noble in a faith — no matter 
 what that faith may be — which leads its followers 
 to the stake of the martyr, or impels them to ex- 
 change the comforts of home for the privations of 
 the camp and the dangers of the battle-field. 
 It was a faith like this that inspired the Quaker 
 Brothers ; leading them in all their marches, sus- 
 taining them in all their privations ; nerving their 
 hearts on the field of battle, and brightening over 
 their names on the roll of fame, like the fight of 
 stars in heaven. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 WAR. 
 
 When the Kebellion's defiance was hurled from 
 beleaguring cannon against the ramparts of Fort 
 Sumter ; when the flag that surmounted the Fed- 
 eral fortress was lowered before exultant treason ; 
 there was but one response from loyal citizens 
 throughout the Republic. 
 
 Alike, in mansion and cottage ; at the loom of 
 manufacture, the artisan's bench, the student's 
 desk ; alike in field and highway, on shore or sea ; 
 there was a quick throbbing of pulses, a compres- 
 
14 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 sion of lips, a bending of brows, as with the 
 spontaneous thrill of an electric current. 
 
 Lucifer, as of old, had flung down his gauntlet 
 at the gates of earthly happiness; but Michael, 
 the angel, was ready for the conflict. The evil 
 spirit of Secession was born, but the soul of Union 
 arose to overcome it. 
 
 So it was, that while the lightning yet quivered 
 on the wires which bore its intelligence to North, 
 and East, and "West, there were "minute-men" 
 already buckling their arms, as in Eevolutionary 
 days, there were musterings on village-greens, 
 and marchings to fields of rendezvous, and a hun- 
 dred thousand brave lives tendered, as offerings on 
 their country's altar. 
 
 Then it was, that the valiant " Sixth Kegiment 
 of Massachusetts," answering our President's call, 
 strode through the streets of Baltimore, and left 
 its priceless blood upon her pavements. 
 
 Then it was, that the brave " Seventh" of New 
 York City — representative of wealth and com- 
 merce ; and the gallant " Sixty-Ninth," composed 
 of loyal Irish ; and the stalwart " Seventy-Ninth," 
 wearing their Scottish tartan; and the bold 
 " Eighth," with the flower of our youth ; and the 
 stout Firemen, with Ellsworth at their head ; and 
 the noble " Seventy-First," with their dying com- 
 mander, Vosburgh ; and around these, a hundred 
 other generous regiments, from the Hudson to the 
 Lakes, gathered and mustered, with music and 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 15 
 
 banners, until the blue sky of our Empire State 
 was thick with clustering stars, and the winds from 
 all our hills, and the streams in all our vales were 
 vocal with one cry : 
 
 " We come !" 
 For the word rang forth that the city of our 
 government was already imperilled by the advance 
 of rebel forces. " The Capitol is in danger !" was 
 the startling news which flashed from telegraph to 
 press, and from press to people, in all the borders 
 of our Union. " The Capitol is in danger !" was 
 passed from lip to lip, and from heart to heart, 
 until every house-porch, and every hearthstone, 
 and every church, and every school-room echoed 
 the burthen, and the faithful millions of our Nation 
 responded, as with one great voice — 
 
 " To ARMS ! TO AEMS !" 
 
 President Lincoln had asked for seventy-five 
 thousand soldiers. He could have enrolled a 
 million, and the Rebellion might, perhaps, have 
 been strangled at its birth. But an all- wise Prov- 
 idence had its own purposes to develop through 
 trial and suffering to the nation. It was necessary 
 that our Republic should pass through a fiery 
 ordeal. Slavery had taken the sword ; it was to 
 " perish by the sword." War was ordained as the 
 crucible of our nation, to purge its dross, and to 
 refine its gold. 
 
 I have listened often, with hushed heart, to that 
 angelic gospel which was heard of old by the shep- 
 
16 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 herds of Bethlehem, "keeping watch over their 
 flocks by night;" that tender song of Heaven's 
 sweet messengers, who brought " glad tidings of 
 great joy, " proclaiming " on Earth Peace — Good 
 Will to men! " 
 
 In all the centuries there have been whisperings 
 of this celestial strain ; soft rhythms of perfect 
 love, flowing on like rippling brooks through 
 stormy battle-plains ; but, alas! these melodies are 
 evermore drowned by trumpet-blasts, and by the 
 jar and the clash of war-armor. 
 
 Thus, from the days when Abram marched forth 
 against banded kings, and when the hand of his 
 first-born Ishmael was against every man ; thus, 
 when the Egyptians followed after fugitive Israel ; 
 thus, when the trumpets of Joshua were sounded 
 around the ramparts of Jericho ; thus, when the 
 Hebrew giant made war on the lords of Philistia ; 
 and the Hebrew king lay in wait for the exile 
 David ; for ever more the tramp of soldiers echoes 
 from halls of history, and rivers of human blood roll 
 down through the valley of ages ! 
 
 Thus, I behold in solemn march an endless col- 
 umn of martial spectres ; multitudinous armies of 
 all climes and centuries ranged under mouldy ban- 
 ners, keeping step to the monotoned drum-beat of 
 a requiem. Innumerable hosts of humanity, 
 treading in foot-prints of other hosts, likewise in- 
 computable, but all flanked and guide-marked by 
 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 17 
 
 grave-hillocks and the ridges and furrows of war 
 fields. 
 
 Funereal march! — appalling procession ! 
 
 Tramp ! tramp ! through measureless sequences 
 of recorded Time; onward marshaled over forgot- 
 ten fields of conquest ! I hear the hollow resonance 
 of dead foot-falls on causeways paved with glisten- 
 ing skulls, muffled by dust of crumbling bone. 
 
 I hear the heavy flap of standards, sodden and 
 crusted with blood. I listen to the dull rumble of 
 war-cars and cannon wheels, to the hoof stamps of 
 chargers, to the creaking of ambulances, to the 
 slow drag of chains on captive feet. 
 
 From the East, with Samiel, the desert-wind; 
 swarming like locusts, blackening the white sands, 
 like myriads of grasshoppers ! Nimrod, and Belus, 
 and Semiramis, with the armies of Assyria and 
 Babylon ; Sethos, and Bamses, and Sesostris, with 
 hosts of triumphing Egyptians ; Darius, Cyrus, 
 Cambyses and Xerxes, with numberless Medes 
 and Persians ; Hannibals, Alexanders, Constan- 
 tines, and Mahomets, and Amuraths, with 
 Carthaginians, and Greeks, and Byzantines, and 
 Turkmen; their battling legions banner-led by 
 yellow and green, by arrow and cross, and crescent ; 
 traversing grave mounds of drifted sands ; climbing 
 mummy-heaps ; tumbling over sarcophagi; camping 
 amid stony ruins of empire. 
 
 From the West, with chanting of Druid songs, 
 blare of ox-horns, death-dance of yellow-haired 
 
18 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 Gauls, and Cjmbri, and Ostro-Goths ! Brennus and 
 Herrmann ; Koman Caesars and Antonies ; Frankish 
 Martels and Charlemagnes ; crusading hosts ; red- 
 handed regicides ; Corsican Bonapartes ; tyrants, 
 conquerors, peoples, and despotisms ! 
 
 From the North, with crash of runic harps, war- 
 songs of vi-kings, hammer-strokes of Thor, and 
 beacon-lights of boreal-auroras; Sweyns and Si- 
 gurds, Hengists and Harfargars; Tartars and 
 Buss; iron-booted Swedes; following the battle- 
 tracks of Scythian Attilas, and Muscovite Buries 
 and Hungarian Arpads, and Sclavonian Sobieskis. 
 
 From the South ; great droves of captives, and 
 caravans of war-spoils ; ivory and gold and spices; 
 borne by men slaves, burdened and scourged, 
 and evermore marking their pathways with blood- 
 drippings ; myriads of black-skins, and red-skins, 
 and tawny-skins, branded on breast and backs with 
 tribe-mark and token of foredoomed servitude; 
 and endlessly crying unto the winds and the waves, 
 and the skies — "How long? how long?" 
 
 And the frightful procession — never ending, 
 never halting ; fights on, toils on, through all climes 
 and ages ! Neither from the North, nor the South, 
 nor the East, nor the West, cometh one short hour 
 of respite — one moment's pause in the death-march 
 of warfare and ruin. Century striving after cen- 
 tury ; nation crowding upon nation ; blows inces- 
 santly falling ; blood always flowing ; human feet 
 forever trampling on human hearts; fingers 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 19 
 
 clutching sword-hilts ; eyes peering along musket- 
 tubes ; hands busy with bullet-moulds, and cart- 
 ridges, and bomb-shells. 
 
 " As it was in the beginning, is now, and shall 
 be, forever and ever !" 
 
 O, Father in Heaven ! is this indeed Thine or- 
 dinance? ■ 
 
 It is not for us to answer a question so momen- 
 tous. God ruleth War; but it was His voice* 
 also, by the lips of angels, that spake unto the 
 Shepherds of Galilee, and promised them " Peace 
 on Earth— Good Will to Men !" 
 
 For it may be, that, in the fathomless design of 
 Infinite Wisdom, these marches and counter- 
 marches of mortals have all their place and sig- 
 nificance. In the Eternal Harmony of countless 
 spheres, our earthly discords may have rythmic 
 purpose. 
 
 Storm-winds and thunders, like flails, beat out 
 the malaria of tropics. War-fields are the thresh- 
 ing-floors of nations, where chaff is parted from 
 wheat, and the grain is made fit for Humanity's 
 garners. 
 
 To him who hears aright, the jarring discords 
 of war are not void of harmonious meaning. The 
 crash of shells and roar of cannonry ; the clashing 
 of swords and bayonets ; the blare of bugles and 
 the rattle of drums ; are they not all great chords 
 and stops in the wonderful music of a Divine 
 opera? 
 
20 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 I sometimes fancy that when, at last, the day of 
 our national bridal shall come; when the sonl 
 of Freedom shall be married to the body of Union 
 for all time; and when our Kepublic's anthem, 
 rolling up from chanting millions, shall thrill afar 
 through Old World nations; I sometimes fancy 
 that so grand an oratorio will be hailed by angel- 
 choirs, as a fitting unison of the Eternal " music of 
 the spheres" — which times (as poets tell) the 
 swinging of each new-born world in Heaven's re- 
 splendent arches. 
 
 Therefore, let us accept even War as an instru- 
 ment of Omnipotence. If we receive it in Punish- 
 ment, it is nobler than Pestilence ; if it cometh as 
 a Penalty, it is more merciful than the Deluge. 
 But in the Providence of God it may have higher 
 aims and ends than the mere infliction of mortal 
 chastisement. It may work, indeed, through its 
 throes and violences, toward the birth of that pure 
 and perfect Day, when " men shall learn war no 
 more ;" when " the sword shall be turned into the 
 plough-share, and the spear into the pruning- 
 hook;" when the "lion shall He down with the 
 lamb, and a young child shall lead them !" 
 
 So, then, abiding still that promised millennium, 
 we may glean from the mighty and terrible en- 
 gines of war and revolution — from the upper and 
 nether millstones which grind out bloody grain 
 for the Future's sustenance ; we may glean, I 
 say, some sweet examples of ripe manhood — even 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 21 
 
 while we tread beneath our feet the dross of mere 
 brutal ambition. 
 
 It was thus that the great lesson of War de- 
 scended upon that peaceful homestead, where Mar- 
 tha T. Ketcham, the " Quaker" mother, dwelt with 
 her two boys, Edward and John. They were the 
 only sons of their mother, " and she was a widow." 
 
 For the father, who had reared their infancy — 
 the plain Ulster County husbandman, who kept his 
 testimony through life to the simple faith of 
 "Friends" — had been called to his eternal rest, 
 while yet no presage of her coming trials was re- 
 vealed to his native country. He had lain down 
 to sleep with "kings and prophets," leaving 
 behind him the record of an upright man, whose 
 humble life and unobtrusive mien were recalled 
 with tender regard, while he was equally remem- 
 bered for the steadfast rule of righteous dealing 
 which had made him as inflexible in justice as he 
 was quiet in manners. 
 
 David Ketcham slept with his ancestry, and the 
 representatives of his name and virtues remained 
 with their beloved mother, whose declining years 
 they hoped to bless by their filial affection and 
 untiring service. 
 
 Well educated and of refined feelings, tenderly 
 attached to each other, devoted to their surviving 
 parent, the brothers were fitted to adorn and 
 gladden their home. Tilling the soil of their farm 
 together, and daily interchanging acts of fraternal 
 
22 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 kindness, these boys were knit together in soul, 
 like David and Jonathan. In comfortable, though 
 moderate circustances, they were enabled to devote 
 due time to mutual improvement, and to cultivate 
 their individual tastes beyond the usual scope of 
 young men in the country. They had inherited 
 honesty, truth and conscientiousness. They 
 added to these virtues whatever their hours of 
 leisure could secure, in mental growth and action. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKEKS. 23 
 
 CHAPTEE II. 
 
 CALLING TO BATTLE. 
 
 Going back from the Present, with its fresh 
 laurels and green graves, to the Past, with its 
 thorns of trial and blossoms of victory. 
 
 Through all these bewildering footprints that 
 cross and recross in the dust of our pavements, I 
 retrace the ancient pathways trodden by sires of 
 the Republic. Out of this maze of masonry which 
 we call the metropolis, I go into " the fields," where 
 McDougal of old spoke burning words to the 
 " Sons of Liberty" — words that became counter- 
 signs of Revolution. 
 
 In those days there were no Wall-street brokers 
 to proffer brave loans to a new-born nation ; but 
 there were stalwart men of toil, to beat back the 
 bayonets of hireling soldiery at "Golden Hill." 
 There was no " Committee of Union Defence," to 
 endow an army with the panoply of war; but 
 there were "minute men," each with his trusty 
 gun, to lay both life and goods upon the altar of 
 patriotism. 
 
 So from the gallant legions of Our Union, whose 
 tramp yet shakes the massive warehouses of Broad- 
 
24 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 way, I go back, in spirit, to the muster of that first 
 devoted Regiment of New York, whereof Alexan- 
 der McDougal was colonel, in the days of 76 — 
 McDougal, master-spirit of Liberty on Manhattan 
 Island — a brave, unselfish man, of whom Wash- 
 ington said, "His zeal is unquestionable ;" a loyal 
 soul, whose voice rang forth from prison walls, in 
 fiery vindication of his country's cause. 
 
 " I rejoice," said the brave McDougal, " that I 
 am the first sufferer for Liberty, since the com- 
 mencement of our glorious struggle !" 
 
 O Liberty! when shall the man arise whose 
 happiness it shall be to proclaim — " I am the last 
 sufferer for American Freedom !" 
 
 For, indeed, there are many battles yet to be 
 waged, and many heroes to fight, and martyrs to 
 die, ere the great bell of our Independence shall 
 find tongue to peal the real meaning of its old 
 inscription : 
 
 " Proclaim Liberty throughout the Land, and to 
 all the Inhabitants thereof !" 
 
 In the days of our first Revolution, men were 
 moulded in the matrix of a month, and born in an 
 hour, out of the lap of danger. Heroes sprang up 
 full-armed, like fabled offspring of dragon's blood. 
 Therefore it was that, while McDougal was whis- 
 pering bold thoughts to his Manhattan neighbors, 
 Warren was counseling with friends at Boston, and 
 the wife of Knox was hiding her sword under her 
 robe, that it might be ready for Bunker Hill battle. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 25 
 
 And far away in the Carolinas, Marion and Sumter, 
 and Moore, and the boy Andrew Jackson, were 
 listening for Northern echoes to their hearts; 
 while the broad sword of Mercer was unsheathed 
 on Virginian hills, and the claymore of McIntosh 
 was drawn on the plains of Georgia. 
 
 It was then that Marblehead, in Massachusetts, 
 (now dwindled to a fishing town) was rich enough 
 to send her thousand loyal hearts, under bold John 
 Glover, to the camp at Cambridge. 
 
 Then young Otho Williams hastened from loyal 
 Maryland, and drew his maiden sword, that was to 
 flash thereafter on the field of Eutaw, waving the 
 bloody sickle of a bayonet charge, to reap the 
 harvest of victory. 
 
 Wayne and Thompson of Pennsylvania ; Pomroy 
 and Nixon of the Bay State ; Putnam and Wooster 
 of Connecticut ; Stark, and "Light Infantry Poor" 
 of New Hampshire ; stout Ethan Allen of Ver- 
 mont ; Schuyler of New York ; Sullivan of Maine ; 
 Greene of Rhode Island; are not these noble 
 names still music to our ears ? Is not the memory 
 of their bearers still sweet in the garden of glory? 
 
 And let us thank God, that everywhere, in the 
 bloody years of our rightful war against treason, 
 the names of such faithful soldiers are recorded 
 upon the pages of impartial history. Not among 
 Generals only — brave and venturous through they 
 be — need we look for examples and models of 
 patriotism. The hero of a knapsack is grand as 
 
26 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 the hero of a baton. Martyrs ascend to Heaven 
 from rank and file as luminously as from the field 
 and staff. Poor Plummer Tidd, who fought with 
 John Brown at Harper's Ferry, and who lay dying 
 on his cot with deadly fever, while the batteries of 
 Fort Donelson thundered in his ears, was no less 
 a hero than if he had fallen at his sergeant's 
 post in battle. " Is our side winning ?" he gasped, 
 as the gunboat rocked beneath him ; and when his 
 chaplain answered "Yes," the brave man said 
 " Thank God !* and died. 
 
 John Beman, the humble watchman of a steam- 
 boat, hanged by rebels to a tree in Mississippi, 
 because of being a loyal man, deserves his place 
 upon the hero tablet, not less then our martyred 
 Abraham Lincoln. " I will die before I take the 
 Southern oath !" this bold Norwegian cried ; and 
 they swung his body upward ; but his soul soared 
 higher than traitors could reach. 
 
 " Don't mind me, boys ! Go on with the fight ! 
 Don't stop for me !" said Orderly-Sergeant Good- 
 fellow, at Bethel's fight. He gave his musket to 
 a comrade, and sank dying in his place ; a hero- 
 soldier, promoted in death to a rank with Greble 
 and Winthrop, who fell not far from him. 
 
 Of such as these are our heroes ; and the altars 
 whereon we inscribe their names and modest rec- 
 ords are as wide as the battle-fields of our Repub- 
 lic. We are wealthy in these monuments of nation- 
 ality — these shrines of liberty. The Republic is a 
 temple, based upon, and columned, and walled, and 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 27 
 
 arched, by such lofty and enduring stones of loy- 
 alty. Under and above, and in the midst of de- 
 parted heroism, our living heroes walk gloriously. 
 
 I find no dearth of hero-men in our Republic's 
 Past ; and when the annalists of its latest struggle 
 shall record the deeds of those who fell, and those 
 who survived, through the bloody years of Rebel- 
 lion, there will be columns of fame inscribed with 
 loyal names that shall blaze like a beacon through 
 all the Future. 
 
 So, then, to the homestead which had descend- 
 ed to them, from maternal ancestors, through a 
 hundred years ; to the widow, who wept over her 
 husband's recent grave ; and to the orphans who 
 cherished her reverent years ; thus, to these " plain 
 people," and to the simple scenes around them, 
 our War came, with its lessons of mortal and 
 immortal significance. The same overruling 
 Providence, that was to summon generals and 
 admirals to their proud responsibilities, spoke low 
 into the ears and hearts of two young men, " of 
 the people called Quakers," and impelled them 
 away from home and kindred, to render up their 
 lives in the battles of Liberty. 
 
 These "people called Quakers," have done loyal 
 service heretofore in battles that forever consecra- 
 ted the soil of our land to freedom. There was a 
 Quaker, of Rhode Island — Greene the blacksmith, 
 " who went forth conquering and to conquer" in 
 that same South through which many of his de- 
 scendants have marched to overcome Rebellion. 
 
\ 
 
 28 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 There were Quakers in Pennsjdvania, who sealed 
 with their blood the holy testimony of religion to 
 patriotism. And history has embalmed the mem- 
 ory of those New Jersey "Friends," who knelt 
 beside Hugh Mercer, after the fight at Princeton, 
 and received the last sigh of that gallant Scotch- 
 man, as he died for American Independence. 
 
 There are promptings of conscience and mov- 
 ings of "the Spirit," that are above all method or 
 professions of religion. Blessed as is the creed of 
 "Peace," there may come occasions to its followers, 
 when the voice of duty will thrill them as with a 
 trumpet blast, and their souls must leap responsive 
 to the mandate: 
 
 "Arise, go up to the battle P 
 
 So, to our young strong men, in their quiet village 
 of Milton, the voice of duty came with the first news 
 from Sumter, and it knocked, month after month, at 
 their hearts, till the eldest arose and girded his 
 loins for conflict. 
 
 He entered his country's service, "for three years 
 or the war," on the nineteenth of August, 1862, in 
 the One Hundred and Twentieth Kegiment of New 
 York Infantry, under command of Colonel Sharpe. 
 Having previously spent some time, assisting to 
 recruit a company, he was enrolled as a Second 
 Lieutenant of Company A., at Kingston, in Ulster 
 County. His action was the result of a resolution 
 taken after a close examination of conscience ; and 
 a resolution once made by the son of David 
 Ketcham was as unalterable as his sense of right. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKEES. 29 
 
 His mother wept, and whispered her loving fears 
 of the result ; but the brave boy could only answer 
 from his earnest soul — 
 
 "No man is too good to die for his country." 
 And so he turned from the sweet home, and the 
 dear ones beneath its roof-tree. He kept down 
 the choking sob in his bosom, and sought to smile 
 away the doubts and apprehensions that lingered 
 behind him. "Who might conceive the depths of a 
 mother's love, and who could measure the burden 
 of her forebodings ? 
 
 These boys were the hope of their only parent ; 
 even as so many thousands of other noble youths 
 were the solace and trust of parents equally fond 
 and devoted. Looking at the parting of this 
 Quaker mother from her first-born marching to 
 war, we may realize the grandeur of patriotism that 
 inspired such multitudes of mothers, in our loyal 
 land, to yield their living jewels for the cause of our 
 Kepublic. But to this poor mother the whisper 
 of her fears was too prophetic. Not only her first 
 born, but the youngest child of her bosom was to 
 be taken from her, and she was to mourn like 
 Eachel, " because they were not. " 
 
30 THE FIGHTING QFAKEBS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 ENTERING THE SEEYICE. 
 
 The mental and moral excellences of the 
 brothers Ketcham were not marred by inferior 
 physical organization. Both were muscularly de- 
 veloped, above the medium height in stature, and 
 of attractive presence as well as handsome features. 
 Edward's complexion was fair. His eyes were 
 blue, his hair and beard light. John had dark 
 hair and eyes. His temperament was more poetic, 
 perhaps, than that of his brother. Edward's was 
 a joyous disposition, quick to appreciate wit, and 
 to add to it. John was no less disposed to live- 
 liness, but his feelings were deep and enthusiastic. 
 Thus each brother was the other's complement, 
 and they were equally beloved in the circle of their 
 friends, equally cherished by their mother. 
 
 Severe indeed was the trial to that fond mother, 
 when her two noble boys wrestled with one 
 another's affection, and with their great love for 
 her, as opposed to the duty which each felt that 
 he owed to their native country. Strange, indeed, 
 was it, that, in the ancient homestead bequeathed 
 by generations of " Friends," these descendants f 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 31 
 
 a minister of that peaceful society should argue, 
 before that tearful parent, the obligation which 
 they felt that one ought to leave her for the battle- 
 field. But, if they thus departed from the unwar- 
 like faith of their great-grandfather, the Ulster 
 County minister, they kept within their souls the 
 spirit of that godly man, his purity of purposej 
 and his sympathy with humanity. 
 
 " They cast lots !" and the lot fell upon the first- 
 born. Edward was called to put on the armor of 
 patriotism, and he went forth exultingly, in his 
 consciousness of sacred duty. 
 
 The mother and her youngest son were left, to 
 follow, from afar, with yearning tenderness, the 
 marches of their absent one ; to long for " letters 
 from camp ;" to tremble over the news of battles ; 
 to commune with one another, in the night- 
 watches, and mingle their reflections through the 
 days ; to look at the vacant seat of their beloved ; 
 to hope and to pray evermore for his return. It 
 is the story of a myriad of family circles — the rec- 
 ord of bereaved homes throughout our land. 
 
 Meanwhile, Edward, brave and earnest, was 
 doing his duty manfully ; and, week by week, his 
 welcome letters arrived to cheer the waiting ones 
 in his native village. Always loyal and inspiriting, 
 never murmuring, never repining, those simple 
 missives came like doves, " with healing on their 
 wings." In reading their cheerful sentences, one 
 would think that marches and privations, and 
 perils, were but episodes of a tour of pleasant 
 
32 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 journeying. However arduous his labors, or ex- 
 posed his service, Edward, the " Quaker soldier," 
 had no complaints to make, and no despondency 
 to indulge in. To use his own terms, he was " all 
 right," wherever and however his duty should call 
 him. " I am well and strong," he wrote, in de- 
 scribing one of his earliest experiences, " and can 
 march through mud, and rain or snow, and come 
 out of it all right. When we were marching the 
 last day, through the mud, I asked the Major how 
 it compared with the hard marching he had seen ; 
 and he is an old soldier, and has done hard march- 
 ing, and fighting, too. He said, "You can set 
 this down as a hard one." Well, if this is a hard 
 one, I can stand it, easily." 
 
 Thus, strong-hearted and enthusiastic, the young 
 lieutenant entered upon his country's service. 
 His own letters to his mother and brother will 
 best describe his military fortunes, as well as por- 
 tray the development of his character. 
 
 "Manasses Junction, Nov. 12th, 1865. 
 " Dear Mother. — It is now sometime since I have 
 written home, and we have had quite a little ex- 
 perience. To begin with, we were ordered to 
 march on Saturday, first of November. When 
 the order came, I had been sisk for three or four 
 days with jaundice — caused by my tent standing 
 on a heap of dirt, deposited by another regiment 
 that had previously occupied the ground. I could 
 always perceive an offensive smell when I came into 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 33 
 
 the tent from the fresh air ; suppose, if I had made 
 a fuss about it, I might have had it moved ; but I 
 expected the camp would be moved in a few days, 
 as the ground had been condemned by the Doctor. 
 I was not very sick, but sick enough to have it feel a 
 good deal more comfortable to lie down than to sit. 
 We marched about dark, I got my things all ready, 
 and got a lock of hay, and went down to the old 
 cook house, and lay down before the fire, till the 
 regiment was ready to start. I marched that 
 night about eight miles, slept under a shelter tent. 
 The next morning we started on a forced march. If 
 it had not been that I made up my mind to keep up 
 with the regiment, whether I could or not, I should 
 have dropped out. When we got to Centerville I 
 was a used-up man. I slept the first night in a shel- 
 ter tent, and then went to the hospital, which was in 
 an old-fashioned house. Here I got into a comfort- 
 able bed, and, with a bright fire burning on the 
 hearth, it really seemed like home. I staid here only 
 two nights, when the regiment again moved, this 
 time to Bristow Station. I rode there in an ambu- 
 lance ; and Captain got his tent pitched, and we 
 gathered some leaves to make a bed, and got fixed 
 quite comfortable. Next night the Chaplain sent 
 word to me to come over to his tent, and spend the 
 night. I accepted his kind offer. He has a stove 
 he is entitled to have carried. The regiment was 
 ordered to be ready to march in the morning. 
 When morning came, I concluded it best for me to 
 try to keep with the regiment. I strapped my 
 
34 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 blankets that I usually carry on my back, and put 
 them in with the baggage, as I did not feel able to 
 carry them. I started on, but could not keep up. 
 The regiment marched along the railroad, and I took 
 the track. After I had gone two or three miles, I 
 came by a soldier marching slowly. He said, if I 
 was sick he had something for me. For I was about 
 used up. This something, proved to be a canteen of 
 whiskey," [which nothing but, extremity would 
 have induced him to touch] "so I took a swallow or 
 two, and got strength enough for another mile. 
 After I had gone this distance, and was again about 
 exhausted, I saw coming on behind me a hand car, 
 pushed by four or five men from an other regiment, 
 with cooking utensils. I asked them for a ride, and 
 they took me on, as I told them I was sick and 
 tired. After riding and getting a little rested, I 
 offered to walk again ; but they insisted that I 
 should not. They went along at a lively gait, and 
 we finally came up with our regiment. Here they 
 stopped to rest, and I, pretty well rested, went on 
 with the regiment. After marching with the regi- 
 ment a mile or two, Doctor Collier offered me the 
 privilege of riding his horse a little while. I rode a 
 mile or so, and then we had not far to go. I got 
 along pretty well. Of course, the baggage wagons 
 did not come up, and my blankets were behind- 
 The Doctor, however, got quarters for himself 
 several other men and me, in an old house with 
 the windows knocked out, and the doors knocked 
 in ; but there was a good fireplace, and the Doctor 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 35 
 
 gave me part of his blankets. I laid my feet to 
 the fire and slept like a prince. The next morning 
 we started back to Manasses Junction. I marched 
 three or four miles, and then rode the Doctor's 
 horse a mile or more, and then got into the ambu- 
 lance, that had come on that morning, and rode 
 the rest of the way, and slept again with the 
 Chaplain. The Captain advised me to apply for 
 leave of absence for a few days to go to Washing- 
 ton and get cured up. I concluded I would do so* 
 The next day, I got the Doctor's certificate, the 
 Captain's approval, and the Colonel's, and went to 
 the Colonel commanding brigade. After waiting 
 till five o'clock, he came in, and I got his signature. 
 I thought I would see it through that night, so 
 I started over to Gen. Sickles' headquarters. His 
 Adjutant General told me I would have to see Dr 
 Simms first, whose office was there, and that he 
 would be in at nine o'clock in the morning. I 
 then started back to camp, sick, disappointed and 
 tired ; it was so dark I could hardly see. I came 
 along by a house that was occupied by a sick sur- 
 geon of our own brigade, so I asked the privilege 
 of staying all night, which was cheerfully granted. 
 He asked me to take supper, which I did, and 
 slept on the floor, with my feet to the fire. I had 
 my breakfast there the next morning, and then 
 went back to see Dr. Simms ; he told me there was 
 a slight irregularity in the Surgeon's certificate ; 
 but that, if it was all correct, it would have to go, in 
 the first place, to Gen. Sickles, then to Gen. 
 
36 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 Heintzelman* commanding corps, and from there 
 to Washington, before Gen. Halleck, and that it 
 would take at least ten days. I made up my mind 
 to go back to the Chaplain's, and make myself 
 as comfortable as I could ; and I guess I have 
 everything I need. I got through with my sick 
 leave business yesterday and to-day. I feel very 
 much better, and expect to be all right in two 
 or three days. I do not lack for friends, and have 
 everything I need. I will say this for the private 
 soldier, whether in my own regiment or out of it, I 
 never asked a favor of any single one that was not 
 cheerfully granted ; and I believe that ninety- 
 nine of every hundred would give away his last 
 hard tack. Now, don't be putting on the blues 
 because I am sick, for I am getting better, and 
 would not write until I could say, in truth, that I 
 was better. I am all over the jaundice, but have 
 had a very hard, tight cough, which is now grow- 
 ing loose ; so that I begin to raise a little. 
 
 The prospect is, that we will not move very 
 soon; so I shall have time enough to get well, 
 which will not take long. The Chaplain is a first- 
 rate man, and is kind to the sick ; not only to 
 officers, but privates ; and to me he has been a 
 good Samaritan. I have not time to write more, 
 but will write in a few days again, if possible. 
 Affectionately, thy son, 
 
 E. H. Ketcham." 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 37 
 
 CHAPTEK IV. 
 
 ON THE MARCH. 
 
 The brave spirit of Edward Ketcham was more 
 efficacious than medicine to restore his strength. 
 The sense of duty absorbed his energies again, 
 and we find his enthusiastic nature dictating the 
 following manly letter to his mother : — 
 
 " Manasses Junction, Nov. 18th, 1862. 
 "Dear Mother: 
 
 " I wrote home and said that I was sick ; but 
 I am very happy to say that I am a great deal 
 better ; in fact, about well. So don't feel uneasy, 
 for nothing short of a rebel bullet will kill me, 
 I think. We are now all the time expecting 
 orders to march, to what place I do not pretend to 
 know ; but the knowing ones say, to Fredericks- 
 burg, which, from ev^ry indication and the situa- 
 tion of our forces, I think not unlikely. I have 
 seen nothing that leads me to think that we shall 
 march to-day ; but we will not stay here long, as 
 the railroad here is to be abandoned, because our 
 army has got in such a position that they can 
 draw supplies easier and better in some other 
 way. They are getting the stores away as rapidly 
 as possible, and when they are all gone, why then, 
 of course, we will not be needed here to guard 
 
38 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 this road any longer, and we will probably then 
 join our corps, that of Gen. Hooker's. Well, all I 
 ask is health, and I am about well, and will be 
 able to carry my blankets, and keep up with 
 the regiment, without any trouble, and am worth 
 now half a dozen dead men. Once more, I have 
 to urge thee to have no uneasiness about me, for I 
 am not now sick, and if I were, I have never 
 lacked for friends, and I don't think I shall; 
 for, from the Colonel, all the way down to the pri- 
 vate, I have asked no favors that have not been 
 promptly granted. I was just a little homesick for 
 a day or two, while I was sick ; but am over it 
 now I have faith that, when the war is ended, I 
 shall be home again all right, and I only fear that 
 I shall find thee the worse for the worry and 
 anxiety that I know are bestowed on me. Don't, 
 for heaven's sake, fret and worry, on my account, 
 if for no other reason ; because I want to see my 
 mother when I come back (if it is my fortune to do 
 so,) as I left her, not broken down with useless 
 anxiety on my account ; so be as cheerful as possi- 
 ble, and think, if it should be my lot to be 
 among those who are never to return, that I shall 
 die doing my duty ; and that is the way a man 
 should die ; for die he must, and a few years more 
 or less don't make much difference, so that when 
 the end comes it finds us at our posts with our 
 harness on our backs. It is not the business of a 
 man's life to devote himself, simply, to saving that 
 life ; but to do his duty, whatever it may be, and 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 39 
 
 let life take care of itself. So in either event don't 
 feel uneasy about me, for I have no fear for myself, 
 and I do not wish any one to worry uselessly 
 for me. So, hurrah for the second grand army ! 
 It is going to do its duty, and it won't be sacrificed 
 to strategy, thank God, with Burnside and Abra- 
 ham Lincoln. 
 
 Affectionately, thy son, 
 
 E. H. Ketcham." 
 
 And again, to " Mother and Jack :" 
 
 "Wolf Eun, Nov. 23d, 1862. 
 " Dear Mother and Jack : 
 
 " I have now to tell that we have had part of our 
 expected march, as I expected. I have been able 
 to do duty all through it so far. We halted in the 
 rain at Centreville, to get our dinner, which con- 
 sisted of hard tack, a little piece of cooked beef or 
 raw pork or bacon, and coffee. The coffee is 
 generally cooked in a tin cup, with winch each 
 man goes armed ; that was the way I cooked mine ; 
 and, after adding sugar, drank from the same cup. 
 It really was excellent, upon that rainy day, 
 sitting on the wet ground, eating a hard tack, 
 and nibbling a piece of cold beef. It tasted as good 
 as any coffee I ever drank made at home, where 
 every convenience was at hand. 
 
 After we had finished our meal and rested a 
 little, we moved on, the mud still getting worse and 
 worse, until, in some places, we were literally, 
 without any exaggeration, up to our ankles. We 
 
40 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 halted that night at Fairfax Church. It was dark 
 when we stopped, having marched about twelve 
 miles, pretty good marching under the circum- 
 stances. My tent was with the baggage train, half 
 a mile off, in which direction, it was so dark, 
 we could not tell. So I made my arrangements 
 to get down under, or wrapped in, my blankets, 
 with my rubber on, on the outside. One of the 
 men offered to lie down in the rain and let me 
 have his tent. Who would I be, to do that ? But 
 I crawled in with two men, where the third one had 
 gone out on duty. So you see that, after all, there 
 will always something turn up, no matter how 
 dusty things may look. It did not rain quite all 
 the time, and the boys made up a glorious big fire 
 right in front of the tent ; and whenever it did not 
 rain, for a few minutes, I would dry my feet, 
 and when it commenced again, would draw them 
 in again. In this way, before I went to sleep, I 
 had them thoroughly dry. My rubber blanket 
 kept us from the wet ground, and my blankets, 
 that had been wrapped in it, and were perfectly dry, 
 kept me and one of the boys warm. So I slept on 
 the wet ground, and kept dry and warm, wet over 
 and wet under ; but dry within the little shelter. 
 I went through fire and did not get burned. I 
 felt well in the morning, and the cough that had 
 troubled me the night before, when I slept in 
 a tent, with a fire and everything as comfortable 
 as in a house, did not trouble me at all. The next 
 morning the drums beat for a start J felt ready 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 41 
 
 and better able to do a good day's marching than 
 I did the day before.'* 
 
 At this camp, Lieut. Ketcham remained some 
 days, and then took up the march for Falmouth 
 from which place his next letter was written : 
 
 " Falmouth, Nov. 29th, 1862. 
 " Dear Mother and Brother : 
 
 " The last time I wrote to you we were at "Wolf 
 Eun Ford. We arrived here yesterday, about two 
 o'clock, and are now comfortably encamped, about 
 (as the date of this shows) one-and-a-half miles 
 from Fredericksburg, and our baggage-train came 
 up last night. 
 
 The men were short of rations this morning, 
 some of them being improvident, having wasted 
 part of the two days' rations issued — and I be- 
 lieve we did not receive quite full rations, either ; 
 but we expect the wagons up very soon now. Some 
 had not enough for supper last night, and more 
 than half of our company had nothing for break- 
 fast ; so I started out, this morning, on my own 
 hook, and, after begging like a cripple, succeeded 
 in buying ten pounds of crackers, or hard bread, 
 which gave each man who had nothing a couple 
 of crackers — rather a light breakfast, but better 
 than none. For myself, I have had plenty, and 
 some to give to others. This morning I was lucky 
 enough to overhaul a rabbit that was going through 
 the woods, close by camp, without taking the pre- 
 
42 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 caution to send out scouts, to see if the ground was 
 occupied. He will make a good dinner, but if the 
 men all around are hungry yet, he will not taste 
 very good ; but I guess the wagons will be here 
 before that time. We started from our old camp, 
 where we had lain three days, on the 25th, early 
 in the morning, and marched about ten miles that 
 day, crossing Wolf-Kun early in the morning, ford- 
 ing the stream that came up to our knees. We 
 were allowed time enough to take off our shoes 
 and stockings, so it only amounted to washing our 
 feet, which certainly did not hurt some of us. We 
 encamped that night in a field that was soaked 
 pretty well with water. I crawled into a tent, with 
 three of the boys, and my rubber blanket compen- 
 sated for the crowding I gave them. Although it 
 rained some in the night, it amounted to nothing 
 more serious than wetting the end of my blankets, 
 that poked out of the tent, and made them a little 
 heavy to carry. We did not march more than 
 seven or eight miles the next day, the roads being 
 so very heavy, and the division wagon-train being 
 so constantly stuck in the mud, and in our way. 
 I never saw such roads. Sometimes the wagons 
 would sink down to the axle ; it seemed to take a 
 good deal of hard swearing to get them out. We 
 encamped this night in a nice wood, along the 
 road, which this day and the next ran all the way 
 through pine timber — worn-out tobacco land, 
 which had been abandoned, and grown up with 
 pines. One of the boys, with whom I tented, was 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 43 
 
 fortunate enough to knock over a good, fat turkey, 
 that made a good breakfast for several of us, and 
 left some to put in our haversacks. So I had 
 turkey on Thanksgiving day, for breakfast and 
 dinner. 
 
 We did not start very early the next morning, 
 and moved slowly, on account of the bad roads 
 and baggage-train, and halted an hour before sun- 
 down ; but, just as the men had gathered wood, 
 and part of them had their tents pitched, the 
 order came to move on, and we had to pull up 
 stakes, and jog along ; much to the disgust of the 
 men. We marched rapidly for about two or three 
 miles, and then halted in a nice wood, when they 
 soon forgot their anger in sleep. The next morn- 
 ing we moved on about six miles, to where I am 
 now writing. We are now part of a grand army, 
 and for the whole march yesterday, we passed en- 
 campments on each side of the road, and their 
 name is " legion." Yes, we are now in the ad- 
 vance, and any hour we may be called upon to "up 
 and at it." Some of the men and officers who 
 have been talking, all along, about when we get 
 into winter quarters, will probably find quarters 
 that will last longer than the winter — longer than 
 the war ; and the plough, as it turns the sod fifty 
 years hence, will turn out their bones, and the 
 plowman will turn them over with his foot, with a 
 " Killed at the battle of — — ." But it is not bat- 
 tles and bullets that kill the most men ; it is ex- 
 posure, improvidence, and hard marching. I can- 
 
44 THE FIGHTING QUAEEKS. 
 
 not seem to realize that we are so near actual 
 fighting, and, in fact, now think a good deal more 
 about where our dinner is to come from, than 
 about Stonewall Jackson. I want Jack to send 
 me $25 ; not that my money is out yet, but I do 
 not want to get out ; I may sometimes want to 
 spend a little for the boys, as I did this morning. 
 " Affectionately, your son and brother, 
 E. H. Ketcham." 
 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAEERS. 45 
 
 CHAPTEK V. 
 
 a soldier's spirit 
 
 Falling back, from its position before the 
 enemy, our army encamped near Falmouth ; and 
 from quarters there, Lieutenant Ketcham wrote 
 letters to his home, filled with the manly confi- 
 dence that was characteristic of his nature. One 
 of these is dated — 
 
 " Old Camp near Falmouth, Dec. 17th, 1862. 
 " Dear Mother and Brother : 
 
 " The last letter I wrote home, was dated " Field 
 of Battle," and I supposed, from the preparations 
 that were going on, that we were to have fighting 
 in earnest ; but at night, about eleven o'clock, we 
 were waked up, and told to keep as quiet as pos- 
 sible; for the whole army were on the retreat 
 across the river. We packed up our blankets, and 
 got ready to start, and were then ordered to 
 waken the men, as quietly as possible, and get 
 them in line. Our division was then drawn up in 
 line, in front of the enemy, to cover the retreat of 
 the vast army. The men were not told what was 
 up ; but, with a constant passing of troops, mostly 
 
46 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 on a double-quick, they knew as well as we, what 
 was up. Of all things to try the courage of new 
 troops, or old ones, is the position we then held ; 
 with the cowards and stragglers, that had broken 
 away from their regiments, and were going on a 
 double-quick to the river, and calling out, " You 
 had better hurry up, or the rebels will have you." 
 But no man thought of leaving the ranks, until 
 our work was done, and we, too, were ordered to 
 the river. There was one regiment that had got 
 separated from its division, and came "skedaddling" 
 down by us, and going in all kinds of shapes; 
 while our men were in perfect order, almost. The 
 120th behaved like men, and I have no doubt of 
 our boys. The wind blew towards us from the 
 rebels, and we could hear them cutting wood for 
 their batteries — that is, clearing the timber — and 
 I don't believe they suspected our being off, till 
 hours after we were over. The thing was a per- 
 fect success ; for moving such an army over a 
 narrow bridge, before the enemy, is a difficult 
 thing. I believe we could have whipped them 
 where we were, but it would have cost three of 
 our men to one of theirs ; as we were on a plain, 
 commanded on every side, but the river, by a range 
 of hills, covered with timber, and planted with 
 batteries that would have been difficult for us to 
 get at. Gen. Burnside knew his business; and 
 what has the appearance of a retreat, was really 
 a good piece of strategy; but I hate the word. 
 We did some skirmishing, and had the bullets 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 47 
 
 whistling close to our heads ; and one night the 
 rebels threw shells so close, that we could hear 
 them "flop" in the mud. But enough of this fight. 
 I am alive and well, and never felt better. I can 
 sleep with or without blankets ; with or without 
 tent ; with or without fire ; with or without rain, 
 in the middle of December ; and come out next 
 morning, lively as ever, and don't mind it. 
 
 I have never known what it was to really suffer, 
 from hunger or cold ; and I know that soldiers 
 letters, (officers included) are, nine times out of 
 nine, one-half exaggerations. So, don't believe 
 the stories that will, doubtless, innocently and in 
 good faith, be sent back to Milton, by the boys 
 who came from there ; for, in the eyes of some, a 
 mole hill is a mountain. Don't think that, because 
 I am an officer, I fare better than they. When it 
 comes hard times in the field, there is no difference 
 to speak of ; only the men drew rations on the 
 field, and the officers did not. I had bread and 
 meat in my haversack, however, when I got back. 
 We have got our tents and baggage, and are com- 
 fortable ; and I have no trouble on my mind, ex- 
 cept a fear that my mother may worry herself sick, 
 on my account, though I hope she may not. Don't 
 think I am going to be killed or wounded. It is 
 all nonsense to borrow trouble from the future. I 
 will live, if I am to live, and die if I am to die ; 
 which, I suppose, I shall some day — if not on the 
 battle-field; and it is only a question of time. 
 Next time we cross the Eappahannock, I guess it 
 
48 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 will be a sure go ; so, hurrah for Burnside, and 
 our army ! 
 
 " Affectionately, your son, and brother, 
 "E. W. Ketcham." 
 
 In this manner, with his brave heart ever dis- 
 posed to make the best of all situations, Lieuten- 
 ant Edward Ketchum kept his post of duty with 
 the regiment to which he belonged. His letters 
 to friends at home are all marked with the same 
 earnestness of purpose, and it was natural that their 
 effect upon his brother John should be to stimu- 
 late a desire to follow so gallant an example. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 49 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 "BROTHER JACK." 
 
 While the elder brother was enduring, with 
 cheerful spirit, the discomforts and fatigues in- 
 separable from military life on the march, the 
 younger one became daily more dissatisfied with 
 his inaction at home. Every letter from camp was 
 to him a fresh excitement. The desire to join his 
 brother, and participate in the glories and dangers 
 of their country's service, grew upon him con- 
 stantly. It was his dream by night, his thought 
 by day, to follow Edward to the battle-field. 
 Affection for his mother withheld him, for many 
 months, from declaring the wish of his heart ; but, 
 at length, he could no longer repress his feelings. 
 The widow felt that her other boy was to be 
 removed from her ; that she must offer another 
 sacrifice to the cause of her native land. 
 
 Then followed a pleading letter from " Jack" to 
 Edward, disclosing his purpose to join the army, 
 whether by enlistment or appointment, avowing 
 his sense of duty, and his resolution to be guided 
 by it. Edward was not prepared for this, and 
 endeavored to dissuade his brother from the step 
 
50 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 which the latter proposed to take. Zealous in the 
 cause of our Union as the young lieutenant was, 
 he could not but feel anxiety regarding a beloved 
 brother, and a mother, so dear to them, who must 
 be deprived of both her sons for years, and — the re- 
 flection was a solemn one — perhaps, forever. He 
 felt it to be an obligation upon him to combat the 
 wish that " Jack" expressed, by every proper argu- 
 ment ; and with this view he replied to him, in the 
 following letter : 
 
 " Camp near Falmouth, Va., Jan. 11th, 1863. 
 " Dear Jack : 
 
 " I received a letter from you by Col. Sharpe, 
 and you may suppose I was somewhat surprised. 
 Now, Jack, if we were both at home, and each 
 knew as much as the other about the matter, 
 I would not presume to give advice ; but in the 
 present case, I " know" something about what you 
 purpose doing, and you do not. This should give 
 what I say some weight. I will state the case as 
 concisely as possible. You propose to come heref 
 and take, what place you can get. Jack, if you 
 should join the army, by right of education, intel- 
 ligence and manhood, as well as by your habits of 
 life, you are fitted for an officer, and would make 
 as good a one as there is in the regiment ; but 
 it would be hard work to make men who have 
 been with us from the start, and who do not know 
 you, have that confidence in you that is essential 
 to make an officer useful, no matter how good he 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 51 
 
 may be. If you come, then, you will have to be a 
 private or what is the same thing, a " Non. Com." 
 Now, the chance of getting out of such a scrape 
 by promotion is about equal to being struck by 
 lightning. Jack ! to men who have been used 
 to obeying the will of others, the severe restraint 
 of military law, when administered by the best of 
 officers, comes tough enough ; but, when it is 
 administered by a cowardly tyrant, as it often is, 
 if the victim is a man who has pluck enough to do 
 good service — and his habits have been such as 
 yours have been, — he has pluck enough to get 
 himself into trouble. Every man who holds a 
 commission can protect his own rights ; but 
 though you may read the contrary in the Articles 
 of War, as they are written on paper, I tell you I 
 have read them written in another way ; and as 
 I have read them, a private or non-commissioned 
 officer has no right, practically, that shoulder- 
 straps are bound to respect. I tell you, you are 
 too much of a man to be anybody's dog ; you have 
 too much brains to be a simple cog in a great 
 machine, and you can't be a crank. Now, Jack, I 
 think I have as much patriotism as you, and 
 am willing, if necessary, to die for the cause of the 
 Unity entire of this government, and do not wish 
 to live to see its overthrow ; but I am not willing 
 to live a private. There is one other thing, the 
 most important of all : our mother has a claim on 
 you and me, equal to the claims of the nation. 
 One of her sons is here fighting for his country. I 
 
52 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 have had a severe training and have a position 
 where I am worth something — at least so I flatter 
 myself. You have had no experience, and have no 
 position where your worth can assert itself. The 
 most ignorant man, or a jail-bird, would be worth 
 in the ranks as much as you, perhaps more. I 
 don't believe in using a shovel made of gold, 
 to shovel mud, when one of steel would answer 
 better. Our mother, in her declining years, has a 
 right to one of her two sons, at least, and when I 
 left home I thought that you would stay. You 
 remember, when the war first broke out, that we 
 cast lots, which should stay ; it fell to you, and 
 though it may come tough, stay like a man, and 
 don't murmur. Jack ! I may fall a victim to rebel 
 bullets, or disease, that strikes oftener and harder. 
 I want you to stay at home, and save our name 
 and race ; for it is at least worth saving, and trust 
 US, in spite of the disaster at Fredericksburg, to 
 put it through and save the nation. We have 
 changed camp to a lovely spot, and I have a com- 
 fortable shanty ; about three feet by fourteen, and 
 a good fire-place and chimney, and am as com- 
 fortable as you need wish to see a soldier ; but it 
 may be for one day, or it may be a month, no one 
 can tell. I must close in time for the mail. 
 
 " Affectionately, your brother, 
 "Edward Ketcham." 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 53 
 
 In a letter to his mother, a few days later, on 
 the subject of his brother joining the army, he 
 says : 
 
 " Understand me, I think no man too good to 
 fight or die for his country ; but Jack can't take a 
 place that is fitted for him in this regiment ; be- 
 cause there is none open, and it is bad economy 
 for a man with brains to take a place where he can 
 only use his body ; besides, I cannot bear the idea 
 of my mother alone and childless ; for she has the 
 right to lean, in her declining years, on the strong 
 arm of one of her sons ; a right that no duty 
 to country can exceed ; but enough about Jack, he 
 will do as he ought. If he can get a commission, 
 let him come.'* 
 
 " Camp near Falmouth, Va., Feb. 18th, 1863. 
 "Dear Mother: 
 
 " I received a letter from thee and John yesterday, 
 and one from him to-day. I know, of course, it 
 must come hard to thee to part with him, and be 
 left alone ; but, still thee has kind and sympathiz- 
 ing friends, who will do all that they possibly can, 
 to make thy hard lot, as I must call it, easy. Now, 
 perhaps, it will somewhat soften thy grief, if I tell 
 thee that the hardships of war are greatly exag- 
 gerated. I have seen men, who told awful stories 
 of their sufferings in their campaign before Rich- 
 mond, brought to admit, that what they were then 
 enduring equaled any suffering they had before 
 
54 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 met with. Now, I have never yet seen the three 
 consecutive hours, when I suffered either from 
 cold, heat, thirst, or hunger ; or much on account 
 of fatigue, Now, soldiers, as a rule, like to be 
 heroes ; in fact, that brought a large share of them 
 here, and if they don't exaggerate considerably, in 
 their letters home, why, their friends would not 
 have a chance to indulge in hero-worship ! Thus, 
 it comes, that wonderful stories are told ; and then 
 it is natural to make any transaction of their own 
 as big as possible, to some people ; so, the big 
 yarns find their way home. " Never believe but 
 half a traveler tells you," is a pretty safe rule ; but 
 when you come to a soldier, why, reject two-thirds 
 and trim the balance. Doubtless, the wounded 
 and sick have suffered ; but I believe that the 
 instances where the well soldier has suffered to 
 any great extent are scarce ; never from hunger ; 
 except, perhaps, when the baggage-trains have 
 been lost or captured. 
 
 But what if we do suffer some, occasionally, what 
 does it all amount to ? Who expects to go through 
 life, gathering roses, from which the thorns have 
 been plucked ? The back should be shaped to the 
 burden. Mother, to tell the truth, I did cherish 
 a hope that Jack would be disappointed in getting 
 off; but it seems I was disappointed. I hoped 
 this only on thy account ; for I believe these times, 
 and this war, call for just such men as he ; and, 
 though he is my only brother, and I know full 
 well his value, I would not have had him prove 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 55 
 
 himself not what I thought him, even if, by so 
 doing, he had staid at home. I wish the necess- 
 ity were not ; but, as it is, if he had chosen to 
 stay at home, it would have gone far to prove that 
 he was not worth coming. He may live to return 
 a hero, or, he may die a martyr. But, in either 
 event, he will have lived and done his duty, and 
 he who, when death looks him in the face, can say, 
 in truth, I have done my duty, has lived a lifetime, 
 though the blood of youth still courses through 
 his veins. 
 
 Lovingly, thy son, 
 
 Edward H. Ketcham." 
 
 The kindly arguments of Edward Ketcham, to 
 change his brother's purpose, were, as might be 
 expected, of no avail; for "Jack" shared in the 
 firmness characteristic of their family, and he 
 had reasoned with himself long before finally 
 adopting the resolution to become a soldier. To 
 this brave youth, the same stern voice of duty that 
 had invoked his elder brother was calling, with 
 equal emphasis. If it was right in one to obey 
 the summons, it must be wrong for the other to 
 disregard it. The spirit of piety and patriotism 
 combined to urge them both. They had alike 
 sought counsel of their Heavenly Father, and the 
 spirit had said to them, " Come !" Could the mere 
 casting of lots absolve either from the necessity of 
 obedience to that higher law of their nature which 
 
56 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 declared their places to be in the front of battle ? 
 John's reason and religion said " nay" to this, and 
 he announced the verdict of conscience in his 
 reply to Edward's letter of the 11th of January. 
 In this rejoinder he says : 
 
 " I received yours of the 11th, last night. It is 
 all very good logic as far as it goes ; but if I had 
 gone to the war, and you were at home, you would 
 see it in a different light. You say, that, if you 
 knew that I would go, you would not have gone ; it 
 may be so, or it may only appear so to you now ; 
 but this I believe : you in my place would do as I 
 do. I know that it is mother that makes the 
 sacrifice. But in the grand result, this carnage, 
 and the hearts wrung with anguish, are as dust 
 hi the balance. If this struggle goes against us, 
 and I at home, like a miserable clod-hopper, who 
 can't see outside of his own fences, the conscious- 
 ness of not having done my duty would come 
 down upon me like the brand of Cain. 
 
 Er> ! I am thinking abou-t the war, night and day, 
 and it is nonsense for me to try to keep out of 
 it. It is the place for a man, and, if there is any 
 man in me, my place ; if not, no less. 
 
 I can arrange the business so as not to sacrifice 
 much. The most important thing is, the grief it 
 causes mother ; but I believe there is no grief of 
 that kind but has its compensation. 
 
 " John." 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 57 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 WORDS OF PATRIOTISM. 
 
 This tissue of cotton threads, which I fling out 
 before me — what is it ? No thrill of life responds 
 from it ; no voice returns my invocation of it ; no 
 pressure vibrates on my lips, as I enclasp and kiss 
 it as a bride. 
 
 Yet for this web and woof of simple cotton, spun 
 by hand or loom, there shall be myriads of men 
 ready to lay down their lives, as myriads have 
 done ; there shall be tears and prayers, and kisses, 
 and such deeds achieved for it as lift up mortals 
 to be demi-gods. 
 
 For this tissue of threads, red, white, and blue, 
 is the flag of my country. It is an emblem ; it is 
 a symbol ; it is an imbodied idea. 
 
 Robing themselves in this drapery, men have 
 wooed danger as a mistress, and died upon her 
 bosom, exultingly. Wrapped in its starry folds, 
 they have lapsed from suffering into martyrdom — 
 from glory into immortality. Death- stricken 
 heroes have looked their last upon it, and smiled 
 as if mothers were blessing them. Fugitives from 
 tyranny have caught its first gleams, with their 
 souls leaping upward to worship it. The sick 
 have stretched out their feeble arms to it; the 
 
58 THE FIGHTING QUAKEES. 
 
 weary prisoner has yearned for its sight, as the 
 " hart panteth for the water brooks." 
 
 I have seen poor comrades in captivity creep 
 out of their huts, under the darkness of midnight, 
 and, clustering together like shadows, surround 
 this treasured emblem with their throbbing hearts, 
 and pass its precious folds from lip to lip, in 
 holy communion of patriotism. 
 
 Symbol of an idea — of manifold ideas — the flag 
 of an army, or a people, or a nationality, or a 
 cause — how immeasurable its influence — how ex- 
 alted its inspiration. Depress it, and the hearts 
 of men sink within them ; uplift it, and those hearts 
 become winged, like eagles. Its tissues are woven 
 into multitudinous memories — its colors are 
 blended with infinite hopes. There is no thread 
 of its web that is not moistened, no hue that is not 
 gilded, with the priceless blood of heroism. 
 
 Thus the flag becomes an emblem of faith, a 
 beacon of aspirations, a cynosure of veneration. 
 It writes, as with sunbeams upon ether, the name 
 and the path of a cause which it marshals. Yet 
 the flag itself is but a symbol. Its dazzle is but 
 the reflex of an idea that dwells in the army 
 or nation whose cause it foreruns and identifies. 
 That idea may be patriotism, or religion, or lib- 
 erty ; whatsoever it be, it is the soul, whereof 
 armies and nations are but bodily manifestations. 
 
 And it is to some tender or gallant quality in 
 the man that a flag appeals so potently. I care 
 not if he be common soldier or sailor, or if his 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKEKS. 59 
 
 shoulder be doubly or trebly starred ; his soul 
 must thrill lovingly to the waving of his flag, or 
 he is no true man in the hour of trial. We have 
 rank and titles, for leaders ; princely guerdons for 
 their services ; monuments for their memories. 
 But the idea of that cause, which upraised these 
 heroes, may be far more vital in a private's soul 
 than in that of his chiefest commander. The piety 
 of a Christian is not measured by riches, nor re- 
 stricted by poverty. The idea of patriotism or of 
 liberty is not written upon a parchment commis- 
 sion, but upon the living heart of a man. Bright 
 is the sword of a captain, but the flames of his 
 powder-black muskets reach farther into the dark- 
 ness of battle. 
 
 I follow, with hushed breath, the firm tread of 
 a battle-line of unnoted heroes, or the double-quick 
 of their charge into the bowels of fiery batteries. 
 There is no waver in that foremost rank, no gap in 
 all those files. Who, then, shall I choose out, as 
 the hero-one? What matter is it that the few 
 wear shoulder-straps and the many have no badge ? 
 There is no hero-one ; they are all heroes. Captain, 
 corporal, guide, or color-bearer, or drummer-boy ; 
 black-skinned or white ; they are in one battle-line, 
 and each man keeps his post in the march or the 
 melee. Who, then, shall I choose as my hero ? 
 They are all heroes. 
 
 And such was Edwakd Ketcham, in his single- 
 hearted devotion to the flag and the cause of his 
 country. This inspired him with courage in the 
 
60 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 battle, as it upheld him with faith through rough 
 marches, and sustained him with hope, under pri- 
 vation and hardship. He bore himself upon the 
 field of Chancellorville, as a Christian soldier 
 should; and his noble reflections, committed to 
 paper after that sanguinary fight, are worthy of 
 being "learned and conned by rote," in every 
 household of our land. Brave youth ! may his 
 words be prophetic as regards the good that is to 
 follow the evil of rebellion ! That simple letter to 
 his mother, after the engagement at Chancellor- 
 ville, is a memorial of her martyr son more hon- 
 orable to his memory than the proudest eulogy 
 could be. 
 
 " Camp near Falmouth, May 12th, 1863. 
 " My dear Mother : 
 
 " I wrote to thee from the battle-field, after we 
 had come out of the fight, and telegraphed to thee : 
 and again after we had recrossed the river. If 
 thee received either, I, of course, do not know ; 
 but I will repeat the vital part of both. Jack and 
 I are close together once more ; both well and 
 hearty. This old camp was, during last winter, a 
 pleasant place. Winter has gone, and the quiet 
 and repose, that were then not only endurable but 
 somewhat pleasant, are so no longer ; and I shall be 
 truly glad when we shall leave it, for good ; I can 
 bid good bye to the old log cabin without regret. 
 Mother, the short campaign, which we have just 
 passed through, was one of hardship ; but, to me? 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 61 
 
 its hardest experience was mere play ; I am able 
 to stand just such, for six months, without incon- 
 venience. God help the army of the Potomac, if 
 we are ever so hard- worked that I give out ; for 
 there are few that can stand the pressure after 
 that. Mother, this time spent here is not lost 
 time — I mean I personally sacrifice nothing. I 
 have often thought that old age, that has no ex- 
 perience of hardship or adventure to fall back on, 
 when the time comes that we live in the past as I 
 now do in the future, must be somewhat barren. 
 If I come out all right, and do not fail to do my 
 duty, just the experience of the last nine months 
 I would not part with for all the wealth of New 
 York City. 
 
 It is commonly thought that a soldier's life is 
 rather calculated to demoralize. I do not believe 
 it. It may appear so on the surface ; but there 
 is many a man here in this army, who has never 
 thought a serious thought before, who thinks now, 
 and, when he goes back to home and friends, he 
 will go back to realize that there is something for 
 him to live for besides himself. It does men good 
 to suffer for A Good cause. It somehow iden- 
 tifies them with it ; and, as one good cause is 
 linked with everything else that is good and noble, 
 a man in fighting for liberty somehow fights his 
 way to goodness. The general effect on the men 
 here will be humanizing, and with peace — an hon- 
 orable one as we mean to win — will come national 
 virtue. It is a tough sight, for one who looks 
 
62 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 only on the surface, to see the noblest and the 
 bravest of the land, limping, and bleeding, and 
 dying, as I saw them on the field of battle. But, 
 when you look upon a man who died stoutly doing 
 his duty, and can realize that he died to save some- 
 thing better than life, it does not seem so awful as 
 it would. It was an awful picture we looked upon 
 the other day ; but it had a bright as well as a 
 dark side. There were many brave men who saw 
 the last of earth, on that battle-field of Chancel- 
 lorville, and many tears will flow, for many a year. 
 But, what are these tears, to the bitter ones a 
 mother sheds over an erring son, out of whom 
 every thing good has died, and only his body lives. 
 If we were whipped at Chancellorville, as the Cop- 
 perheads say we were, I think such getting whip- 
 ped, on our part, will soon use up the Confederacy. 
 Their loss must have been fearful ; for they came 
 up, time after time, right in front of our batteries, 
 closed en masse, and were just let to come close 
 enough, when our guns, double-shotted with grape, 
 would pile them in heaps, and send them back, ut- 
 terly cut to pieces. This was not only one occur- 
 rence, but it was done over and over again. But 
 I must stop. 
 
 Affectionately, thy son, 
 
 Edward H. Ketcham." 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 63 
 
 CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 NOTES ON A MARCH. 
 
 From the notes made by Edward, on his march 
 from Falmouth, a few extracts may here be inter- 
 esting. The unstudied language of f amiliar corres- 
 pondence affords a better insight to the thoughts 
 and impressions of these youths than any labored 
 rhetoric could give ; and for this reason I have 
 preferred to let their simple letters to a beloved 
 parent portray the growth and progress of loyal 
 sympathies, as well as depict the routine of camp 
 experience. It was during the march which 
 these notes of Edward Ketcham describe, that the 
 brothers met for the last time on earth. Soon af- 
 terwards followed that terrible battle of Gettys- 
 burg, in which so many noble lives were offered 
 up — sweet sacrifices to their country. On the 
 march, the column to which our Quaker soldiers 
 were attached, passed over Bull Run's storied 
 ground. 
 
 " 14th. Fell in, and marched to Rappahan- 
 nock Station; we then rested till daylight. At 
 six o'clock we started and marched back to Mount 
 Holly Church, near Kelley's Ford, on the very 
 road we had come over the day before ; met Jack 
 
64 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 there, and as we lay close together, I spent the 
 day with him. Started at sundown, and marched 
 all night, till seven in the morning, when we halted 
 at Catlett's Station ; marching thence till we got to 
 Rappahannock Station, over the same road which 
 we had passed twice before. 
 
 15th Halted at Catlett's Station, a dis- 
 tance of eighteen miles ; lay there till two o'clock, 
 when we marched to Manassas Junction, a distance 
 of eleven miles ; making, in all we marched, thirty 
 miles in about twenty-four hours. Here we en- 
 camped for the night, or rather bivouacked. 
 
 16th. Lay still until the afternoon, when 
 
 we moved half a mile, and pitched our tents. A 
 day of rest put us in order for another march. 
 
 17th. Started about ten o'clock, and 
 
 marched about two miles, when we halted at Bull 
 Bun Creek, (below the bridge of the railroad, 
 said to have been built by Beauregard, to take 
 supplies to Centreville.) The bridge above the 
 railroad was the scene of the chief fighting in '61. 
 The trees are here marked occasionally by bullets 
 and cannon balls. The valley, that the stream 
 runs through, is one of the most beautiful I ever 
 saw. The trees grow almost as luxuriously as in 
 the tropics. One old fellow branches out into ten 
 distinct limbs, a few feet above the ground ; any 
 one of the ten might pass for a respectable tree. I, 
 as well as half the army here, took a good bath ; we 
 rested, and dined under the shade of those old 
 trees, as large as giants ; a cool breeze was blow- 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 65 
 
 ing at the time. It was hard to think that this 
 beautiful valley was an historic one, because of 
 the stream that runs through it once having been 
 red with human blood. It is but a few days less 
 than two years, since the battle of Bull Run was 
 fought ; and now, if I did not know it, I could 
 pass through without seeing any thing to tell that 
 it had ever been else than as peaceful as now. 
 We crossed Bull Run at Blackburn's Ford. 
 
 18th. Rested, and looked about us. Cen- 
 
 treville is, or was, a nice little village of a dozen 
 houses ; it stands on a hill, and the country around 
 reminds me of Chestnut Ridge, Dutchess Co. 
 
 19th. Packed about ten o'clock, and start- 
 ed on the road towards Leesburg. We guarded 
 the train of the 3d Corps. I had command of the 
 company, and posted one man with every wagon, 
 till the men were used up. We passed through a 
 nice country, ipTettj well wooded. There was good 
 evidence that troops had passed through ; though 
 the country had not been much disturbed. 
 
 20th. Lay still all day, near a house 
 
 owned by a Delaware County man, who owns quite 
 a nice place, and who fed us hungry Yankees in 
 squads of fifteen or twenty ; so much a head ; a 
 crowd of impatient men reaching back quite a 
 distance. We are now at Gum Springs, about 
 ten miles northeast from Centre ville." 
 
66 THE FIGHTING QUAKEES. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 JOHN IN SERVICE. 
 
 From Falmouth our army moved on the march 
 to intercept General Lee, the rebel commander- 
 in-chief. At this time, the two brothers were 
 serving in neighboring regiments, and their letters 
 to the mother at home speak often of their mutual 
 hopes and occasional meetings. Previous to 
 marching, and while yet encamped near Fal- 
 mouth, their head-quarters were separated only 
 by the distance of half-a-mile ; and the younger 
 officer, in his cavalry camp, became soon initiated 
 into the "ways and means" of a soldier in the 
 field. One of John's earliest letters, after entering 
 service, depicts his new surroundings, and displays 
 the same high tone of feeling that is marked 
 in Edward's writing. This epistle is dated : 
 
 " Camp near Falmouth, March 15th, 1863. 
 "Dear Mother 
 
 "I enclose this little scrap in Ed's letter. I 
 found, to my surprise, when we arrived here, that 
 Ed had been over here at our camp, looking for 
 me. The two camps are next each other ; about 
 one-and-a-half miles apart. Ed is living here, 
 as comfortably as most people do at home, with 
 table, desk, arm-chair, bed, etc. ; a smart boy to 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 67 
 
 wait on him, and cook for him ; a commissary 
 within a few steps of his tent. Our place is im- 
 proved some now ; we have a nice fire-place built 
 like a three-sided cob-house, and plastered with 
 mud, a mortar bed of which we have convenient. 
 We are camped in a beautiful piece of wood, " i. e." 
 it was, before it was made for a camp ; but con- 
 siderably chewed up now. A road runs before 
 our company street ; the mud is just even with the 
 tops of your boots when you step in it ; six mules 
 have to look sharp to get along with a light load ; 
 and on either side of the road the soil is as nice 
 and dry as the " long pond" woods in summer. 
 There is no discount on Virginia mud ; it takes 
 about a pint of water and a little mixing, to make 
 a cart load of it, about like grafting wax. It is grand 
 soil here ; not a stone to be found in miles ; very 
 little swamp ; nice hills and valleys ; but all 
 covered with pine forest ; some splendid white- 
 wood. This is bound to be a fine country yet ; a 
 splendid farming country, I have no doubt, very 
 different from the bank of the Potomac west of 
 Washington. We left Nehe (Captain Mann) in 
 Washington, sick with measles. I have not heard 
 from him since ; but suppose he is all right, as he 
 was getting better fast when I left him with a 
 friend of ours, who told me afterwards, that he 
 took him to Col. Nick Schrams. He probably in- 
 tends to stay till he is all right. I can hardly 
 realize yet that I am with the grand army ; it is 
 like Yankee Doodle, who could not see the town, 
 
68 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 there were so many houses. Get up on a hill, 
 though, and you see cities and towns and villages 
 of white tents on every hill-side. The army, I 
 should suppose, covers an area of fifty square miles, 
 so we cannot see much of it. I saw the flag 
 at general head-quarters, opposite Fredericksburg, 
 the other night, in a splendid sunset, from where I 
 stood ; the sun set just behind the flag ; somehow 
 I was reminded of Whittier's lines — 
 
 " We wait, beneath the furnace blast, 
 The pangs of transformation ; 
 Not painlessly does God recast, 
 And mould anew, the nation !" 
 
 although by what I could not tell, unless by 
 the lurid color of the sky, the black clouds, and 
 the old banner sailing so bravely on their back- 
 ground. 
 
 Good night, Mother ; take good care of thyself, 
 and be of good cheer. Aunt Sarah wrote me, 
 thee bears thy grief, as I knew thee would, and 
 does not sink down under it, as others, who did 
 not know thee as well as I do, thought thee would. 
 Keep good courage while the good fight lasts, and 
 I pray God to help thee, and to make me equal 
 to the work before me. Good night. Edward 
 wants to talk with me ; he says I am pretty good- 
 looking, but he gets tired of looking at me ; says 
 I can write more in my own tent. 
 
 Love to all, 
 
 John." 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKER'S 69 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 A GALLANT KINSMAN. 
 
 From that peaceful Ulster County village which 
 gave our Quaker soldiers to the nation's cause, 
 another noble volunteer went forth to fight his 
 country's battles. This was Nehemiah Hallock 
 Mann, a cousin of the two lieutenants, who entered 
 the army from their neighborhood, and impelled by 
 the same motives of patriotism that inspired the 
 brothers. He became a captain of cavalry, serv- 
 ing under that daring leader, Kilpatrick, and was 
 wounded dangerously in the battle of Aldie, 
 in which fight the young cavalry general was for a 
 brief space a prisoner in rebel hands. Mention is 
 first made of Capt. Mann by Edward Keteham, in 
 a letter dated " Gum Springs," June 23d, 1863. 
 
 " We are still at this place ; I think we shall 
 probably stay a day or two ; I have not yet heard 
 from John since the fighting on the 17th ; but his 
 regiment was engaged. There was more fighting 
 on the day before yesterday. I have not yet heard 
 if his regiment was in it. I know well, if he was, 
 he did his duty, and hope he is all right. I tried 
 mighty hard to get a paper yesterday ; but could 
 not ; so, without knowing, I hope for the best, — 
 which is certainly the best way. I expect Milton 
 
70 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 is now dressed in its garments of purple and green, 
 the dress it wears in June • and among its green 
 leaves and bright flowers, the young almost forget 
 that, down here in Old Virginia, men are march- 
 ing and fighting and dying, and thinking of home 
 and friends. But there are few that can think of 
 the war without thinking of some friend tramping 
 through the valleys and over the hills of old Vir- 
 ginia. Pshaw ! we don't need pity ; I am talking 
 nonsense. It is only the young and strong at 
 home, who feel that this fight needs their help, 
 while circumstances they cannot control keep 
 them away, that are deserving of pity !" 
 
 Here the letter breaks suddenly, and a post- 
 script is added : 
 
 " I have just seen Captain Mann, on his way to 
 Washington. He was wounded very seriously in 
 the day before yesterday's fight. Jack was not 
 hurt in either fight. The mail is just going. 
 Thy son, 
 
 Edward H. Ketcham." 
 
 The above extract is the last of Edward's letters 
 to his mother which has come into our possession. 
 On the day upon which it was dated, his brother 
 likewise wrote a letter home, wherein he gives 
 the details of his cousin " Nehe's" gallantry in the 
 action that nearly cost him his life. Lieutenant 
 John Ketcham belonged to the same regiment 
 with Captain Mann, and the two cousins were 
 closely attached to each other. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 71 
 
 " Gum Springs, June 23d, 1863. 
 '* Dear Mother : 
 
 " I have just seen Nehe, Captain Mann, off to 
 Washington Hospital. I suppose, before this 
 reaches thee, thee will have heard of the affair ; 
 for I telegraphed to Sarah, his sister, to join him 
 there. He was charging, at the head of the reg- 
 iment, just this side of Upperville, near the en- 
 trance of Ashby's Gap. After being driven back, 
 the Captain called for the boys to follow him, and 
 went in ahead himself. The boys followed, but 
 not close enough to prevent his being engaged with 
 about a dozen at him at once, he says. One fellow 
 gave him a cut on his cheek, which knocked him 
 from his horse ; then, as he lay helpless on the 
 ground, another shot him ; the ball entering near 
 the point of the left shoulder, and, cutting under 
 the ribs, lodged in the muscles of the left breast. 
 The doctors think he may recover ; but I don't 
 think it worth while to deny that his wounds are 
 dangerous. He had just come out with the reg- 
 iment, for the first time ; having been in charge of 
 a large dismounted camp. The night before the 
 day of battle, his company were in high glee at 
 his arrival. On the morning of the fight, I think 
 he looked finer than I ever saw him — without ex- 
 ception, the finest soldier I have seen, with none of 
 the brutality so common in the military character. 
 I would give more for Captain Mann, command- 
 ing a brigade, than any general I have seen — 
 
72 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 except, perhaps, Kjllpatrick, who frequently 
 charges with the boys of our regiment. I have 
 no doubt Captain Mann would command a brigade 
 of cavalry, with the science he learned as an or- 
 derly, with as much ease and grace as if he had 
 been accustomed to it for a lifetime. He was in 
 command of a squadron that morning, and when 
 we were ordered to charge a blockaded bridge, 
 which a rebel colonel we captured told us they 
 expected to hold all day, and the regiment stopped, 
 under the fire of cannon and sharpshooters, be- 
 hind walls and trees, horses and men dropping, 
 and bullets whistling around — Captain Mann sat 
 calmly on his horse, knowing the enemy were sing- 
 ling him out, until he got orders to dismount his 
 squadron and clear the bridge, with the carbine. 
 Then he took a carbine, and led the men over the 
 bridge in three minutes. Such men as John 
 Paul Jones and Ethan Allen were made of the 
 same stuff as he. His charge released Gen Klll- 
 patrick, who was taken prisoner through the fault 
 of two regular regiments of cavalry. Three pla- 
 toons of our squadron, Nehe's, Captain Hall's, 
 and mine, were sent out in an open field, of fifty 
 acres or so, facing a wood, in front of Upperville. 
 We deployed as skirmishers, over half a mile, per- 
 haps, and advanced towards the woods. When 
 near there, a column of rebels charged on our 
 centre, driving in the skirmishers — the single 
 column followed by column in squadron front. Our 
 forces advanced, the two regiments, and the rebels 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 73 
 
 went back in the woods. When near the woods 
 the regulars commenced charging across, in front 
 of the woods ; the rebs came out. formed, facing 
 the flank. General Killpatrick rode towards the 
 line, and tried to turn the regulars in that direc- 
 tion; but on they went, pell mell, until they 
 all got by them — the rebs after them — and took 
 Killpatrick. Keep hope and courage, mother, 
 and all Nehe's dear friends. His voice will soon 
 be heard where it is needed — on the field of battle. 
 Be of good cheer, high hope, and courage always. 
 
 Lovingly, 
 
 John." 
 
74 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 GETTYSBURG. 
 
 From the radiance of crimson sunsets we drink 
 assurance of golden morrows. So, dwelling upon 
 the battle-glories of America, I recognize in their 
 bright reflex the promise of lofty destiny. Great 
 deeds are prophecies as well as achievements. 
 
 Thus, in recalling heroic examples, we ascend, it 
 seems, some breezy height, wherefrom we look out 
 clearly to a future of kindred heroism. Going 
 back to that day of April, when the blood of Revo- 
 lutionary Massachusetts was sprinkled over her 
 primroses, in fields about Lexington and Concord, 
 I gaze forward to that other day of April, when 
 blood of Massachusetts moistened the streets of 
 Baltimore. The Yorktown of our first struggle 
 presaged the Yorktown of our second one. The 
 cannon of Sullivan Island, in 1776, gave voice to a 
 principle that was to be thundered from multitu- 
 dinous cannon-throats eighty-eight years there- 
 after. Moultrie and Marion uttered the first pro- 
 test against Despotism in the Carolinas ; and that 
 protest, never resting, must needs recoil upon 
 Slavery in the Carolinas. Virginia blazoned upon 
 her shield the judgment of tyranny ; and that 
 judgment became her own most righteous con- 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 75 
 
 demnation in the last great struggle for Freedom. 
 
 Therefore it is, that the grand epochs of our 
 national story are like the columns that were 
 reared upon the route of an ancient army, in- 
 scribed with the names of its leaders and the ex- 
 ploits of its arms. They survive, not only as 
 records of victory, but as guide-marks of follow- 
 ing marches. The shaft that our present gener- 
 ation erected upon Bunker Hill is not the real 
 pillar of guidance to coming democracies; it is 
 but a material land-mark. There is a higher 
 column, built of the deeds and crowned with the 
 hopes of Bunker Hill, which becomes the true 
 beacon of future republicanism. To this shaft, 
 and to like monuments, wherever they arise, the 
 eyes of watchful and waiting patriots in every 
 land look out from the shadows that oppress them. 
 To these yearning souls, our Republic's march is 
 fraught with solemn significance. To them our 
 memorials of Liberty have deeper import than to 
 us. They crouch in the darkness, while we stride 
 out under the light. They behold our nation's 
 progress, through all the years, as a captive dis- 
 cerns, beyond his dungeon-bars, the procession of 
 a conqueror, ascending broad causeways and out- 
 spreading upon limitless plains, "terrible as an 
 army with banners." Thus evermore, to the wait- 
 ing and weeping peoples, our American Republic 
 presents a spectacle sublime and inspiring. 
 
 Thus the battles and conflicts of our Past were 
 but initials of a national lesson ; the opening- 
 
76 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 blows of pioneers, blasting a path for us. One 
 victory over wrong gives earnest of greater vic- 
 tories that are to come, and must come, though 
 many interposing defeats shall retard their ad- 
 vent. God's purposes cannot retrogress. Once 
 declared, they become immortal, like their Au- 
 thor, and eternal, like His power. A good cause 
 can await its day of triumph. 
 
 Infidels to the faith of humanity are those who 
 distrust the future of free principles. Such men 
 shook their heads oftentimes during our conflict 
 with Bebellion. Such men doubt Omnipotence. 
 
 But doubt never entered into the minds of our 
 loyal Quaker soldiers, whose gallant service is 
 modestly recited in their own simple letters to 
 a worthy parent. That portion which records the 
 thoughts and feelings of Edward Ketcham is 
 finished. His mission was earliest accomplished, 
 by a brave death upon the field of Gettysburg ; 
 and we turn to the letters of his surviving brother 
 for an affecting account of the circumstances. 
 
 The story of Gettysburg, in all its details, will 
 be a lasting memorial of courage and devotion. 
 That battle was the turning-point of our national 
 fortunes. The deeds of our officers and the glori- 
 ous rank and file who supported them will live in 
 the history of our Kepublic, and their results en- 
 dure as the heritage of a restored Union. The 
 names of Gettysburg's heroes and martyrs — an 
 illustrious roll of patriots — will be inscribed on 
 monuments ; their stories will enlist the pen of 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 77 
 
 future chroniclers ; their examples will inspire the 
 hearts of our citizens. And among them all the 
 names of our " Fighting Quakers" will claim ap- 
 propriate honor. 
 
 The following letter is from John Ketcham, de- 
 scribing his brother's death-: 
 
 "Frederick City, July 8th, 1863. 
 
 " Dear Mother ; 
 
 I telegraphed to thee as soon as I could, and 
 wrote about Edward. I cannot realize that he is 
 dead. Don't let it kill thee, mother ! Thee and 
 I are all that is left of us. Edward was the first 
 man killed in the regiment. They were lying on 
 the ground, behind a little mill, in front of our bat- 
 teries, making a part of the outer line of battle. 
 It is always necessary in such times for some one 
 to keep a lookout, to watch the movements of the 
 enemy. As the men all lay on their faces, Edward 
 was sitting up to look ; a sharpshooter's bullet 
 probably struck him in the temple, and went 
 through his head. He put up his hand, and said : 
 " Oh !" and fell on his elbow, quite dead. There 
 was heavy fighting on the ground soon after, and 
 our forces had possession of the field for a short 
 time. Ed's body was carried back a couple of 
 hundred yards, and left under a tree. I heard of 
 it the next morning, and went to the regiment, 
 and got a man to go with me, who helped to carry 
 him off; he showed me where he lay. It was 
 
78 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 outside of oiir breastworks forty or fifty yards, 
 and a couple of hundred beyond our outer line of 
 sharpshooters. I went out to them, but could not 
 get beyond ; for a bullet would whistle by, the 
 moment a man showed himself. I lay down 
 behind a big rock. The body of Green Carle, of 
 the 120th, lay there, horribly mutilated. They 
 said he had lived two or three hours after he was 
 struck. Whilst I lay there, two rebel batteries 
 commenced to play on ours. I never imagined 
 such a thunder as the firing made ; there were 
 twenty-four cannon at work, and the shells burst 
 over our heads, fifty feet or more ; one or two 
 men were hurt near me, and the limbs of the trees 
 dropped occasionally. I then took a musket, 
 thinking I would stay with the infantry, till they 
 advanced, as I was not needed with the depart- 
 ment, it being with the mule train ; the rest of 
 our regiment was at Washington. Pretty soon 
 the rebels came out from their works, in heavy 
 force, and advanced in line. Our batteries com- 
 menced to mow them down, and the men lay 
 down until in close range ; then the outer line 
 raised up, and the two lines fought, without either 
 moving from their place. It was a grand, but 
 terrible sight ! The rebels concentrated on one 
 part of our line, and pressed it back, to charge 
 our breastworks ; our flanks closed in on them, 
 and hundreds were driven in, prisoners, while the 
 rest ran back to their lines like sheep. One poor 
 fellow came in just by me ; the first words he said 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 79 
 
 were, " Gentlemen, I do this because I am forced 
 to." He was a pleasant, harmless-looking fellow, 
 as are one half of them ; the other half look like 
 wild beasts. At this time, the 120th came up, and 
 I went with them. I went out at night, to look 
 for Edward, but could not find him. The next 
 morning our line advanced, and I went out to the 
 tree ; and there, on his back, his hands peacefully 
 on his breast, lay all that was left of the brother 
 I have lived so closely with, all my life. "When I 
 had been separated from him a few weeks, I have 
 known when I met him, how closely I was knit to 
 him. On this earth I will never meet him again ! 
 His features, though discolored and swollen, had 
 an expression I have seen on them before — peace- 
 ful rest. He had lain thirty-six hours on the field, 
 with the roaring of cannon and bursting of shells 
 over him, and the feet of contending hosts, of dark- 
 ness and freedom, trampling the ground he lay on. 
 When I got him, I brought him in through the 
 batteries, and laid him down under a tree. A 
 Captain of one of the batteries said to me, " If he 
 were a brother of mine, I would bury him on the 
 field of his glory." He was very kind, and sent 
 me men to dig the grave. In a little grove behind 
 the batteries, under an oak tree, in his soldier's 
 uniform, wrapped in a shelter-tent, lies all the 
 earthly remains of my brother ; "he has gone to be 
 a soldier in the army of the Lord." And mother, 
 thee and I walk this world of sorrow. I set for 
 his head-stone a piece of a young oak, cut off by 
 
80 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 a rebel shell, and marked his name and regiment. 
 Mother, yet a little time thee and I have to walk 
 this earth, when we compare it to the great eter- 
 nity beyond, where father and Edward are gone 
 before us. 
 
 Oh, he was cut down in the very morning of 
 his manhood ! He is laid a sacrifice on the altar 
 of Liberty ! 
 
 He died to give to every other man the right to 
 his own manhood — a precious sacrifice — for in him 
 were heroism, a brave heart, and an iron will. He 
 died, as he would have died — with his face toward 
 the enemies of freedom, on the battle-field. Ed- 
 ward has marched many a weary mile ; he has 
 lain on the wet, cold ground, with nothing over 
 him, long nights, with the rain pouring on him, 
 and never murmured ; he has lain and shivered 
 in the snow and slush, all long winter nights, 
 after weary marches, hungry, perhaps, or after 
 eating a few hard crackers, and a little raw meat ; 
 and, in his discomfort, he has never wished for 
 home ; except, perhaps, to look forward to that 
 bright day when the rebellion should be crushed, 
 and he should return home, war-worn, and covered 
 with his well worn honors. That day, alas ! he 
 can never see. Oh, God ! Thy price for freedom 
 
 is a DEAR ONE ! 
 
 John." 
 
, THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. SI 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF PATRIOTISM. 
 
 Thus " marching on," the two lieutenants drew, 
 one by one, to the holy altar of sacrifice. Each 
 was a portion of that " grand army" of loyal souls 
 whose bodies were destined to sink by the way- 
 side ; but whose luminous examples are to light 
 the path for innumerable armies in the great 
 future. Both were to be called from their brief 
 career to an enrollment in those immortal ranks 
 whereof all champions and saviours of humanity 
 in the Past are the advanced guard, and to which 
 have been transferred from gory graves such multi- 
 tudes of heroes in the Present. 
 
 All the inspiration that history or tradition can 
 give, is reserved for the warriors of Freedom. 
 Monarchs and conquerors of old may be rever- 
 enced by their descendants or their imitators ; but 
 the people have no sympathy for them ; the peo- 
 ple surround not their altars. It is the Tell 
 of Switzerland, the Wallace of Scotland, the 
 Washington of America, the Garibaldi of Italy, 
 that lay hold of the popular heart with grapnels of 
 love and authority. Liberty is rich in her jewels, 
 of heroes who lived and of martyrs who perished 
 for her. Scaffold and block have been consecra- 
 
82 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 ted by the blood of her confessors and champions. 
 The South is full of lowly graves, where the dust 
 of those who died for freedom and equality shall 
 bloom forever, with priceless balm, that will some 
 day bear " healing for the nation." 
 
 But the defender of an unjust cause can leave 
 no memory. For the dead traitor there is no re- 
 surrection in the hearts of his countrymen. Cou- 
 rage may have distinguished him ; endurance, 
 even in the wrong, may have marked him ; a war- 
 rior's death may have expiated his errors ; but 
 there is no sweet savor of patriotism to embalm 
 him ; and the immortality of Liberty's children 
 can never — oh, never — be his ! It is mercy to his 
 name that it perishes from remembrance, and a 
 boon to his posterity that no stone records it. 
 
 There was an old man of Gettysburg, whose 
 musket was shouldered in the war of 1812 ; whose 
 head was white with the snows of seventy years ; 
 and when he saw the base flag of Disunion blot- 
 ting the sunshine of his cottage door, he took 
 down an old State musket from the wall, moulded 
 a score of bullets, as in the times of old, and made 
 ready to defend his homestead. Anon came the 
 Stars and Stripes through Cumberland Valley, 
 and the gray-haired veteran presented himself to 
 our soldiers. 
 
 " Take me with you," says the man of seventy 
 years. " I can still peer over a rifle-sight." 
 
 And they took him with them — those brave 
 Wisconsin boys to whom he showed himself ; and 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS 83 
 
 tli at true-hearted old soldier fought in the ranks 
 at Gettysburg, and was left, with three wounds, 
 upon the field, within sight, almost, of his' hearth- 
 stone. God be thanked that the ancient hero 
 survived our dread conflict, and that he dwells 
 in peace at this day in his cottage by the battle- 
 ground of Gettysburg. Worthy to hear the name 
 of Burns — the name of a free-souled poet. — was 
 this old fighter for the Kepublic. Poor though 
 this brave John Burns may be, he will bequeath 
 to his children a heritage of honor that no Lee 
 nor Beauregard, with all their chivalry, have now 
 in their bestowal. 
 
 In the days to come, our heroes of rank and file 
 will be held in tradition as we now hold the 
 " Liberty Boys," and the men of " Marion the 
 Swamp Fox." Ballads will chronicle their fights 
 " hand-to-hand," and their " hair-breadth 'scapes 
 i' the imminent deadly breach" of siege and 
 sortie. It is of their example that our future 
 nation will eat and drink, to become robust in 
 patriotism. " God keep their memory green ! 
 
 There is alwavs an influence of good emanating 
 from the lives and deaths of our soldier-patriots. 
 " A man in fighting for liberty somehow fights his 
 way to goodness," said Edward Ketcham. If he 
 earnestly feels his share in such a fight, it enno- 
 bles him, I think. If he survives, it will be to exert 
 a power for good on others. If he dies, his brave 
 example will not die. It cannot die. It is immor- 
 tal. 
 
84 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 So, in the record of our war for Union and Free- 
 dom, its incidents of personal valor and devotion, 
 that are cherished permanently, will be as lessons 
 of patriotism to th,e generations that shall follow 
 our own. Soldiers, in future days, will remember 
 that bold Sergeant Bruner, of the Twenty-third 
 Wisconsin volunteers, in the fight at Port Gibson, 
 where he caught the colors from their disabled 
 bearer, and planted them on the ramparts, amid 
 a storm of bullets. And again, at Champion Hill, 
 where he seized the flag, as our line was breaking, 
 and, crying out — " Boys, follow ! Don't flinch from 
 your duty !" led the regiment into order and vic- 
 tory. And once more, at the battle of Big Black, 
 under the eye of Grant, when the valiant Sergeant 
 led his men against a battery which had dismount- 
 ed one of our cannon and dispersed its support- 
 ers, — twice in the melee was bold Bruner made 
 a prisoner by the foe, and twice his comrades res- 
 cued him. And he brought to Gen. Grant the 
 last one of three rebel flags captured by his own 
 hand from the enemy. It is in the hearts of such 
 men as this that the idea of a cause is enshrined, 
 like a jewel in its golden casket. 
 
 And that old man-of-war's man, William Reid, 
 in his fiftieth year, one of the noble sailors whose 
 bravery almost redeemed the treachery of their 
 flag-captain at Galveston ; I can see him, in my 
 mind's eye, as he stood on the Owasco's deck, with 
 his left hand well nigh shot away, and a shot- 
 wound in his shoulder, where the blood oozed 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 85 
 
 through his shirt, while, holding sfcill a rifle in his 
 grasp, he fired upon the enemy. " Go below, and 
 get your wounds dressed," said the master's mate. 
 " No, sir," the veteran cried ; "so long as there is 
 fighting to be done, I'll stay on deck !" 
 
 What patient courage — what noble self-devo- 
 tion — is common to the sailor at his gun and the 
 soldier in his ranks ; so common, indeed, that no 
 note is made of it ; so habitual, that it is looked 
 upon but as the mere routine of duty. Assured- 
 ly, there is a motive-power deeper than mere rou- 
 tine to inspire these unrecorded heroes of our 
 nation. Was there not true nobility in that com- 
 mon seaman, Samuel Woods, who, fighting at his 
 gun, with resolute courage, yet found heart to 
 plunge into the stream, to save a shipmate who 
 had been borne overboard, and then, returning, 
 knelt beside his wounded comrades, nursing them 
 like a tender woman, as he had fought with them, 
 like a hero-man. Was there not cool and provi- 
 dent valor in that cockswain of the Wabash, Ed- 
 ward Ringgold, who, in service with the howitzer 
 corps, performed his duty with such faithfulness, 
 and, hearing that the powder had run low, passed 
 up through all that fiery line, with his " shirt slung 
 over his shoulders and filled with ammunition, 
 which he had brought two miles from the rear !" 
 Well did these men deserve the medal they won 
 for " gallantry in action." 
 
 The examples and influence of such as these 
 will blossom over their last resting-places, however 
 
86 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 lowly they may lie. They will always make fra- 
 grant the cause of Union and Freedom. And this 
 simple memorial of our Quaker soldiers, which 
 goes forth to seek a household welcome wherever 
 patriotism dwells ; these unpretending letters of 
 two good brothers to their "mother, may yet be 
 powerful, in their sphere, to strengthen the love of 
 liberty and of our native land. 
 
 We now draw near the end, with John's last 
 letters to his bereaved mother : 
 
 " Neae Sharpsburg, July 12th, 1863. 
 tf Dear Mother, 
 
 " I suppose thee has read either one or the other 
 of my four letters, and the telegram about Edward. 
 Keep heart and courage,mother ; he has only gone 
 beyond us. It is a comfort to think, that his 
 suffering was so short. He must have been con- 
 scious an instant, for he spoke in his natural voice 
 and said "Oh !" (not an involuntary groan) put his 
 hand to his forehead and fell on his elbow dead. 
 One instant of terrible pain, and the life which he 
 loved, as all strong men do, faded from his sense, 
 and was changed for the great Hereafter, when all 
 human imperfection is changed for perfection. 
 Brother ! our paths through life have run side by 
 side, diverging, but to join again. Now, you have 
 the better part, above the petty strifes of this life. * 
 All that is noble and glorious is yours, while I 
 must mingle with earthly scenes, till your life 
 fades into memory, and perhaps memory fades 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 87 
 
 into shadow. Surely, God in his mercy cannot let 
 the life we have lived together be no more ; but 
 in the great Hereafter, the life that has been shall 
 live again in memory, fresh as the present. Ed- 
 ward ! your love for me was strong, strong for 
 your younger brother, as your own great, strong, 
 brave heart, and I have taken it as I do the 
 sunshine, and thought to have you by me always ; 
 but we are divided now. I am yet of the earth, 
 while your name is on the long roll of honor — 
 one of those whom God has considered worthy to 
 be sacrificed. You were cut down in the morning 
 of manhood, strong and brave heart. You never 
 flinched from danger. I know, in your great love 
 for me, you will be with me if I go in danger, and 
 inspire me with your spirit, that I may do my whole 
 duty without flinching and without fear. In the 
 morning of life, your blood has been shed for the 
 right of every man to upright manhood — that the 
 poor slave-mother may hold her child to her bosom 
 without fear of the driver. My poor, broken, wid- 
 owed mother has given her first and noblest son. 
 Oh, God have mercy on her ! Thou, " who doest 
 all things well." Your body rests on the field of 
 glory. Your name is on that roll of the noble 
 dead to which posterity must bow down, and thank 
 in reverence. 
 
 Napoleon told his soldiers, at the Pyramids, 
 Centuries look down from the tops of these Pyra- 
 mids. Forty centuries look down upon you ! Yes ! 
 tut, from the mountain over your head, the thun- 
 
g8 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 der of our cannon, hurling death to the rebels 
 before you — from the top of that mountain, over- 
 looking the field of Gettysburg — our great free 
 nation, (yet to be,) looked down and saw you 
 when you fell, and will hold your name in grateful 
 honor, for all time to come ! — better than the 
 golden letter Napoleon wrote to immortalize his 
 victims. You are one of the noblest dead who 
 died for Freedom, and the feet of freemen shall 
 tread the soil you fell on, for all time to come. A 
 little mound, on the battle-field, covers all that 
 is left of my brother, a noble fellow as ever drew 
 the breath of life. As Christ " died to make men 
 holy," he has " died to make men free." Have 
 his picture, in his soldier's uniform, copied like 
 thine and father's, and, under the glass, fold his 
 commission and the ragged shoulder-strap I cut 
 from him ; hang under it his broken sword, and 
 write : 
 
 "a soldier in the army of the lord." 
 Now, I pray the battle soon to be fought may 
 be decisive, and that I may return to be a little 
 
 comfort to thee. 
 
 John." 
 
 And so the elder died. And the younger was 
 spared but a little longer, to write his last loving 
 words to the poor, bereaved mother, and to pay 
 a manly tribute to his gallant comrades of our 
 army. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 89 
 
 " Harper's Ferry, July 18th, 1863. 
 "Dear Mother, 
 
 " I have heard nothing from thee since Edward's 
 death, until two days ago. I had a letter from 
 Nehe, and then, July 8th, you had heard he was 
 wounded. I do not know hardly whether to sup- 
 pose thee is alive or not. My comfort is, that 
 Edward died as becomes a man, his face towards 
 the enemies of freedom. I know that, though he 
 loved his life as dearly as any man, yet, had he 
 foreseen the result when he first thought of going 
 to the war, it would not have made a particle of 
 difference with him ; but he would have walked to 
 certain death without flinching. I can do or say 
 nothing to comfort my poor stricken mother. In 
 thy boundless love for thy children, thy bereave- 
 ment is more than mine, lonely and sad as I am, 
 " wretch even now, life's journey just begun." 
 
 Harper's Ferry! How much, since the great 
 page of this people's life-history was opened, is 
 here. That long old row of blackened walls was 
 the Arsenal, from which John Brown thundered 
 out the challenge to a life and death struggle. 
 Ketribution visited upon the oppressor ; sacrifice of 
 the best and noblest to atone for our wrongs upon 
 the helpless ; lines of earthworks, overlooking 
 Maryland heights ; white tents, houses battered 
 by shot and shell into heaps of ruins, in the field 
 where I am sitting; pontoons across the river; 
 and the old battered and worn-out army, thinned 
 out to one-fourth of the men who first buckled on 
 
90 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 the knapsack, crossing again into Virginia, to 
 grapple with its old enemy, to lay the bones of its 
 best and bravest before the breastworks and rifle- 
 pits of the yet formidable rebels ! — all the long 
 story of weary suffering, and the woe of five hun- 
 dred battles ! and here we stand as evenly-matched 
 as ever, and they on chosen ground, as ever. I 
 don't overlook the great blows struck by Grant 
 at Yicksburg, and perhaps others, before this, at 
 Charleston, which lead to the hope, almost, that 
 the great price is nearly paid, and the work 
 nearly done. I wrote thee I would resign if events 
 occurred that showed the war nearly over ; but 
 surely thee would not have me back out from this 
 v glorious struggle, while the chances hang in the 
 balance. Go home ! and leave these weary war- 
 worn men to fight for blessings I should enjoy ? 
 these weary men, who have fought and suffered 
 so hard and long, addicted to every vice, almost, 
 individually, but cowardice or meanness. I have 
 seen them struggle, through mud and rain, after 
 the defeat at Chancellorville, back to the cheerless 
 ruins of their old camps. I have seen them mak- 
 ing long and weary marches along the dusty road, 
 to foil the advance of Lee across the liappahanock, 
 then, forced marches to Manasses, all day long 
 without water ; then, I have seen long columns 
 pushing forward, with tireless energy, to meet the 
 enemy at Gettysburg ; then, marching, day and 
 night, to cut off the retreating foe, and now coming 
 here, to this old historic spot, down again into the 
 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 91 
 
 dark valley and shadow of death, never halting or 
 murmuring, ever ready to lay down their lives, as 
 their comrades have done. I have heard them 
 groaning in agony, wounded, jolted over rough 
 road, or carried by their comrades, or lying on the 
 battle field, between the lines, begging to be taken 
 out of more danger. I have seen mangled and 
 torn masses knocked out of the shape of men. I 
 have seen ragged uniforms of United States sol- 
 diers, bursting from the black and swollen bodies, 
 as they lay in ditches by the road side, rotting in 
 the sun. " Blessed are they that endure to the 
 end." I am no such soldier as my brother was ; 
 but I trust I have manhood enough to stand 
 with this army of the Lord until its victory is sure. 
 I entered the vineyard but at the eleventh hour. 
 I can, perhaps, do but little, but, while the result 
 hangs in the balance, I know, in thy heart of 
 hearts, thee is glad that I am one of this army, 
 and where is heard the tramp of their marching 
 feet, there am I. I am glad to hear, from thy 
 letter, that cousins V. Hallock and T. Sherman 
 have gone for Edward's body. I know it would 
 have been his wish ; it is but a small satisfaction, 
 but I could not have done even that. Bear up a 
 little longer, my poor bereaved mother. 
 Thy only son, 
 
 John." 
 
92 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 CHAPTEK XIII. 
 
 THE PRISONER OF WAR. 
 
 After the death of his brother, John Ketcham 
 continued in service, attached to his regiment, the 
 Fourth New York Cavalry. His letter, closing 
 the last chapter, portrays the high principle which 
 prompted him to this course, although every 
 feeling of affection called him to the home where 
 a widowed mother sat weeping for her first-born. 
 Edward Ketcham had been deemed the stronger- 
 souled and self-reliant brother ; but in the bosom 
 of John a sense of duty was as inflexible and pow- 
 erful. He felt himself constrained to keep the 
 post which he had taken. His brother had fallen 
 in the defence of his country. It was not for him 
 to turn back from the glorious example set by 
 that devoted brother. He loved his mother ; but 
 he loved Liberty likewise ; and Liberty had sum- 
 moned him to her banners. In good time he 
 hoped, under the mercy of God, to return and 
 comfort the bereaved one ; but " where the tramp 
 of our army's marching feet" was heard, there he 
 elected to be, until the triumph of that army 
 should no longer " hang in the balance." 
 
 But the hope of being a " comfort to his mother" 
 was never to be realized by our young soldier. 
 
 / 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 93 
 
 The fatigues of incessant marching, the exposure 
 to all vicissitudes of season ; the constant recollec- 
 tion of his lost brother, with whose existence his 
 own had been entwined, were slowly undermining 
 the manly strength and gallant spirit which he 
 brought to the service of his country. Day by 
 day he grew less able to endure the exposures 
 inseparable from duty during an active campaign, 
 and at length, in the latter part of July, he re- 
 luctantly reported for the sick list, and was sent 
 to the Seminary Hospital, at Georgetown, D. C. 
 Here he remained four weeks, and should have 
 ' rested longer. Here he was nursed tenderly by 
 his mother, who had hastened from her home to 
 attend him ; and here he parted from her em- 
 braces, never to return to them in life. Sad was 
 the separation ; ominous the farewell. The afflicted 
 mother returned to her lonely cottage ; the son, 
 already marked for sacrifice, rejoined his regiment 
 at the front. 
 
 Three weeks afterwards, in an engagement with 
 superior numbers, Lieutenant John Ketcham 
 was captured by the enemy, and carried to the 
 rebel capital, a prisoner-of-war. He was in no 
 condition to report for duty when he left the hos- 
 pital ; but his anxiety to do so imparted temporary 
 strength which was unequal to the constant hard- 
 ships borne by our cavalry at that period. When 
 to these hardships succeeded the rigors of rebel 
 captivity, it might have been easy to foretell the 
 consequences. Lieutenant Ketcham was to add 
 
94 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 one more to the thousands of Union soldiers 
 whose souls fled from their tortured frames in the 
 dismal prisons of the South. His spirit was to 
 mingle with that host of martyrs, whose lives were 
 not forfeited in battle, but by the slow torments of 
 disease and famine. 
 
 The records of our grand struggle for Union and 
 Freedom — so rich with the action and achieve- 
 ment of noble citizens — are not complete without 
 those dismal pages that chronicle captivity and 
 suffering. The horrors of Southern stockades and 
 dungeons, in which our noble soldiers, held as war- 
 prisoners, were treated as malefactors, must fill up 
 the dark background of the picture that delineates 
 a nation's triumph. History will have more to 
 dwell upon than battles and marches ; more "vio- 
 lence to deplore than the bombardment of forts 
 and the sack of cities ; more cruel deeds to narrate 
 than the slaughter of armed men in battle, or the 
 firing of homes in a ravaging expedition. 
 
 For, in our terrible strife, we were contending 
 with a power more inhuman and sanguinary than 
 that of mere war — fierce and unscrupulous as war 
 always is. We had pitted against us a demoniac 
 spirit which has been known in all ages as Op- 
 pression • that spirit which manifests itself in the 
 form of human slavery, and which is so brutaliz- 
 ing in its influence that it can change a woman 
 into a fiend, and a child into an imp of cruelty. 
 
 By the hardening contact of this spirit of Op- 
 pression or Slavery, the natures of a large portion 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 95 
 
 of our adversaries had" been already indurated 
 against tender sympathies, when the blast of in^ 
 testine strife added intensity to their hate and 
 fury to their passions. The wretched negro, so 
 long a footstool for pride, became at last the in- 
 strument of its punishment. Treason and Rebel- 
 lion had conspired to build a new temple to Mo- 
 loch, whose walls were to be cemented by the 
 blood of a free nation, and whose corner-stone 
 was to be Human Slavery ! Such were the cal- 
 culations of the men who precipitated Secession, 
 inspired by the arrogance which sprang from 
 ownership in a servile race. But the Most High 
 had ordained that their schemes should be con- 
 founded through the very means which they chose 
 to accomplish them. To consolidate Slavery, 
 they had invoked War. By War the power of 
 Slavery was to be overthrown, and its victims re- 
 lieved from their thraldom. Only through throes 
 of violence and disruption could the new birth of 
 Freedom be secured to our Bepublic. 
 
 It was a long time before even a glimpse of the 
 inevitable fate that awaited them could be ad- 
 mitted to Slavery's advocates. I doubt if all have 
 yet recognized the doom pronounced upon their 
 unholy cause. To many at the South the idea of 
 Liberty itself was strangely associated with that 
 of African servitude. Multitudes were ignorant 
 enthusiasts in the defence of what they deemed 
 their Independence. The most sacred rights of 
 "property" were involved in their estimation with 
 
96 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 the claim, which they deemed just, of ownership 
 in negro labor. Other multitudes, who were des- 
 titute of property in slaves, were yet champions 
 of an institution which degraded the very indus- 
 try whereby they sought to live. Strange anom- 
 alies of motive were fused into fanatical cohesion 
 with common bonds of Southern birth and cit- 
 izenship. But it was the belief in Slavery that 
 constituted the touchstone of Southern patriotism 
 everywhere. It was property in, and superiority 
 over, the negro race that formed a " Shibboleth," 
 by which the true Secessionist was always recog- 
 nized. That was the stimulus to strife, the ob- 
 ject of fighting, the stake of fortune. It animated 
 alike the regular and the guerilla ; it prompted 
 the assault on Fort Sumter, not less than the 
 massacre at Fort Pillow. It was the motive that 
 lay at the core of QuantrelTs outrages in Kansas, 
 as well as the crimes of Winder and Wirz at An- 
 dersonville. Had the spirit of Slavery been want- 
 ing, our civil war would have been conducted at 
 all times according to the laws of war and of na- 
 tions. But Slavery interposed with its fiendish- 
 ness; and the result was that book of murder 
 whose livid leaves are rebel war-prisons, and 
 whose letters are the epitaphs of unnumbered 
 loyal victims. 
 
 It was to the " tender mercies" of this fell spirit 
 of Slavery that unfortunate Unionists were con- 
 signed by rebel authorities. In other lands, 
 among people claiming to be civilized, and in this 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 97 
 
 age of Christian liberality, a prisoner-of-war pos- 
 sesses rights which are held sacred as those of 
 soldiers. Once captured, and delivering up his 
 arms, he is no longer considered as a belligerent, 
 to be feared or maltreated, but as a military hos- 
 tage, for whose safety and good treatment his 
 captors are responsible to the government which 
 claims his service. But, in the usage of our late 
 adversaries, the claims of a prisoner-of-war were 
 ignored or derided. Practically, a "Federal 
 prisoner" had no rights which a " Confederate" 
 was bound to respect. Hated as a foe, abused as 
 a criminal, preyed upon as spoil, and subjected to 
 wanton outrage, the hapless United States soldier 
 who fell into rebel hands seemed cast at once be- 
 yond the pale of civilization. Immured in loath- 
 some jails, crowded in pestiferous hospitals, packed 
 in filthy stockades ; exposed to wintry cold and 
 summer heat, without shelter ; abandoned to thirst 
 and starvation ; robbed and stripped ; encompassed 
 by foul miasms ; tortured with horrid punish- 
 ments ; shot at in sport ; assassinated in malice ; 
 driven to madness and suicide ; such were the 
 consequences of capture to our brave soldiers and 
 sailors, that the fortune of war rendered power- 
 less to resist or escape. 
 
 It was in " Libby Prison" that Lieutenant John 
 Ketcham was confined; an abode of wretched- 
 ness which has been graphically described by 
 more than one poor inmate of its walls. 
 
 A three-storied stack of brick buildings, former- 
 
98 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS, f 
 
 ly used as a tobacco-warehouse, and overlooking 
 the Canal and James river — its rooms one hundred 
 feet long by forty feet in width — this was the now 
 historic Libby Prison. In six of the rooms, at 
 one time, twelve hundred United States officers, 
 from the rank of brigadier-general to that of 
 second lieutenant, were incarcerated, and treated 
 as convicts instead of soldiers. Ten feet by two 
 was the average space of floor allowed each man, 
 but little more than the dimensions of a grave ; 
 and in this limit they were constrained to sleep, 
 work, cook, eat, and exercise. 
 
 "At one time," says a report to the Sanitary 
 Commission " they were not allowed the use of 
 benches, chairs, or stools, nor even to fold their 
 blankets and sit upon them ; but those who would 
 rest were obliged to huddle on their haunches, as 
 one of them expresses it, ' like so many slaves on 
 the middle passage.' 
 
 " They were overrun with vermin, in spite of 
 every precaution and constant ablutions. Their 
 blankets, which averaged one to a man, and 
 sometimes less, had not been issued by the rebels, 
 but had been procured in many ways ; sometimes 
 by purchase, sometimes through the Sanitary 
 Commission. The prisoners had to help them- 
 selves from the refuse accumulation of these 
 articles, which, having seen similar service before, 
 were often ragged and full of vermin. In these 
 they wrapped themselves at night, and lay down 
 on the hard plank floor, in close and stifling con- 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 99 
 
 tact, crammed and dovetailed together, as one of 
 them testified, " like fish in a basket." The floors 
 were recklessly washed, late in the afternoon, and 
 were therefore damp and dangerous to sleep upon. 
 Almost every one had a cough in consequence. 
 There were seventy-five windows in these rooms, 
 all more or less broken, and in winter the cold 
 was intense. Two stoves in a room, with two or 
 three armfuls of wood to each, did not prove suf- 
 ficient, under this exposure, to keep them warm." 
 From the statements of prisoners, who passed 
 months in this lazar-house, it appears that " the 
 hideous discomfort was never lessened by any 
 renovation in the cells, but often increased. The 
 prison did not seem to be under any general and 
 uniform army regulation, but the captives were 
 subject to the caprices of Major Turner, the officer 
 in charge, and Richard Turner, inspector of the 
 prison. It was among the rules that no one 
 should go within three feet of the windows, a rule 
 which seemed to be general in all Southern prisons 
 of this character, and which their frequently- 
 crowded state rendered peculiarly severe and 
 difficult to serve. The manner in which the 
 regulation was enforced was unjustifiably and 
 wantonly cruel. Often by accident, or unconsci- 
 ously, an officer would go near a window, and be 
 instantly shot at without warning. The reports 
 of sentries' muskets were heard almost every day, 
 and frequently a prisoner fell, either killed or 
 wounded." 
 
100 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 It was to this place of torture that Lieutenant 
 Ketcham, scarcely convalescent from his recent 
 severe illness, was consigned by his rebel captors. 
 Thrown into one of the crowded rooms, he con- 
 tracted the fever so common and so fatal to our 
 soldiers. "Without nourishment, without medicine, 
 and debilitated in frame, he sank, day by day, 
 with his miserable comrades. He suffered all 
 that could be endured with life, where life itself 
 was suffering. 
 
 Starvation added its horrors to pain and expo- 
 sure. An officer's daily ration was a small loaf of 
 bread, about the size of a man's fist, and made of 
 Indian meal. It weighed a little over half a 
 pound. With it was given a piece of beef, weigh- 
 ing two ounces. Speaking of the allowance, its 
 kind and quality, an officer remarked, long after- 
 wards — " I would gladly have preferred the horse- 
 feed in my father's stable." 
 
 But, poor and insufficient as was the general 
 allowance, it became worse, if possible, during the 
 time that Lieutenant Ketcham was a prisoner. 
 About the time of his capture, the corn-bread of 
 Libby Prison, according to testimony elicited 
 from prisoners, " began to be of the roughest and 
 coarsest description. Portions of the cob and 
 husk were often found ground in with the meal. 
 The crust was so thick and hard that the prisoners 
 called it iron-clad To render the bread eatable, 
 they grated it, and made mush of it, but the crust 
 they could not grate. Now and then, after long 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 101 
 
 intervals, often of many weeks, a little meat was 
 given them, perhaps two or three mouthfuls. At 
 a later period, they received a pint of black peas 
 with some vinegar, every week. The peas were 
 often full of worms, or maggots in a chysalis state, 
 which, when they made soup, floated on the 
 surface." 
 
 Such was the condition, such were the food and 
 surroundings, of our officers in Libby Prison. Into 
 the midst of the famishing multitude John Ketch- 
 am was thrust, and it was not singular that he 
 speedily succumbed to the fever. 
 
 Three weeks, after his consignment to Libby 
 Prison, our young lieutenant lingered amidst its 
 horrors ; three weeks of bodily prostration and 
 mental anguish. No loving mother was there to 
 press with her gentle hand his burning forehead, 
 or to administer a draught to his parched lips. 
 No voice of affection, no presence of kindred, 
 solaced the dying youth ; but his faith remained 
 firm in the cause of his country, and he died, at 
 last, " to make men free." 
 
 The Colonel of John's regiment was Di Ces- 
 nola, that gallant commander who, in the fierce 
 fight of Aldie, received as a gift the sword of 
 his leader, Kilpatrick, and who, charging soon 
 after, at the head of his men, fell desperately 
 wounded, and was captured by the enemy. In 
 Libby Prison, this noble officer was still confined, 
 when his young subaltern was brought in a pris- 
 oner. He was with him to the end of his brief 
 
102 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 probation, and in a letter to the mother, after all 
 was over, bore testimony to the merits of her de- 
 parted son. 
 
 " Lieutenant Ketcham was a brave young officer, 
 and once out of * this,' I meant to promote him ; 
 \>ut God has promoted him to a better rank !" 
 
 John was transferred, at the last hour, from 
 " Libby" to the hospital ; too late to save him, even 
 had a rebel hospital been the place for succor. He 
 survived his removal a day, and then followed his 
 brother to that peace which the world knows not 
 and can never give. Through the care of his col- 
 onel, and other friends, his body was subsequently 
 exhumed from its temporary grave, and conveyed 
 to his childless mother. All that is mortal of the 
 two brothers now rests in that quiet little " God's 
 acre" — the Friends' Burial Ground, at Milton, in 
 Ulster County, N. Y., where two white monu- 
 ments, side by side, have been raised in memory 
 of a mother's gifts to her country. 
 
 It is the Kecord of these young soldiers, that 
 they — performed their duty. 
 
 Their Fame belongs to the Republic, in whose 
 service they died, and in whose story they will 
 always live. 
 
 Fame, of itself, and alone, is not by any means 
 the " be-all and the end all" of human merit or 
 endeavor. Brave aspirations and achievements 
 are but the index and incentive toward higher and 
 worthier accomplishment. The Past and the 
 Present are lessons for the Future. 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 103 
 
 Fame is nought to either of the two brothers 
 whose story we have read. Fame is no recom- 
 pense to him whose spirit has passed from the 
 scenes of his trials and triumphs. Earthly im- 
 mortality can be nought to one whose soul ascends 
 into eternal life. It is to the future of humanity 
 that Eenown belongs, as an incentive to virtue 
 and a stimulus to courage. David, the shepherd- 
 lad of Israel, acting upon ages by the example of 
 his transmitted story, has inspired, I doubt not, 
 the striplings of numberless valleys, to dare and 
 conquer Goliahs of oppression. Scipio and Cato 
 and either Brutus survive, through all years, as 
 illustrations of patriotism. For themselves their 
 fame is as nothing ; for the world and the future 
 it may be priceless. 
 
 It is good, then, to glean in the fields of Past 
 and Present, for all scattered ears of that golden 
 corn which is reaped toward a mighty hereafter. 
 While history garners its sheaves of chieftains and 
 leaders, it lets fall, too often, the heroes of obscu- 
 rity, and their brave examples perish from among 
 us. It is good, then, to glean after History. 
 
 And here let me invoke the glorified host of 
 nameless men, who have fallen upon the marches 
 and battle-fields of Freedom ! Here let me apos- 
 trophize the unknown armies of martyrs who have 
 laid down their lowly lives for Liberty, in every 
 era and upon every soil ! 
 
 ! dumb and traceless shades ! O ! misty sem- 
 blances of humanity ! receding into the dimness 
 
1^4 T he FIGHTING QTJAKEKS. 
 
 of immemorial centuries ! Ye multitudes, whose 
 weary journeyings left no footprints, and whose 
 fall awoke no echo ! Was it your destiny to be 
 barren of fruit for the future ? to be absorbed, as 
 clouds, into the ocean of time, leaving no reflex 
 of your transit upon earth or in the heavens ? 
 
 I think that my soul can recognize a sweet res- 
 ponse to its invocation ; a voiceless yet intelligible 
 reply, down-flowing, as from choirs of invisible 
 spirits, in harmonies that interpret both Past and 
 Present. I fancy that those misty darknesses 
 which enshroud the heroes, and patriots, and 
 martyrs, of forgotten generations, have opened, 
 sometimes, into vistas of immortal glory, reveal- 
 ing glimpses of the great White Throne ; and 
 that, out from the overpowering splendor, unsyl- 
 labled music glides into my heart, as of blessed 
 ones chanting eternally : 
 
 " Clouds we are !" they sing — "but clouds are 
 footstools for The Infinite. Clouds we are ! but 
 clouds of witnesses ! testifying forevermore in 
 heaven, as we testified on earth, the hope, the 
 promise, and the assurance, of Freedom to Hu- 
 manity !" 
 
 Let us leave with Our Father in Heaven the 
 records which Earth has lost. They rest in ce- 
 lestial archives. Enough for us to cherish the 
 examples that descend from our fathers, and to 
 multiply them, by thoughts and deeds, that shall be 
 memorials for our children hereafter. 
 
-*-♦ — ■•■ — ♦-*■ 
 
 WOKDS SPOKEN AT THE BUEIAL. 
 
 BY REV. O. B. FROTHINGHAM 
 
 +~* ■•■ *~* 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 107 
 
 WOEDS SPOKEN AT THE BUEIAL. 
 
 BY EEV. O. B. FROTHINGHAM. 
 
 Friends : I have come here to-day as to a 
 sacred place ; as a pilgrim comes to a shrine. I 
 have come to visit the home of the noble young 
 man whose remains are coffined here, to see the 
 spot where he lived, the house where he was born, 
 the mother who held him to her bosom, the neigh- 
 bors and friends he loved. I have come to re- 
 ceive a lesson, not to give one ; to be taught, not 
 to teach ; to be comforted, not to comfort. Better 
 than any speech of mine is the silent thought on 
 these relics, and on all they have passed through, 
 since the stalwart and beautiful frame to which 
 they belonged left your peaceful hills for the camp 
 and the battle-field. What a strange history for 
 such a man! Beaten up and down by all the 
 storms of war, borne hither and thither by the 
 changeful movement of the army, blackened by 
 the sun and bleached by the frost, exposed to all 
 the mutations of the weather, pinched with hun- 
 ger, stiffened with cold, drenched with dew and 
 rain, hardened by toil, wasted by fever, watching 
 in the saddle, sleeping on the ground, begrimed 
 by smoke and powder, a mark for sabre-cut and 
 for rifle-ball, sick in hospital, captive in prison 
 
108 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 dying among enemies, buried, with no shroud but 
 his cloak, in hostile soil, lifted from the ground, 
 coffined and brought hither at last, to repose in 
 peace by the side of his elder brother, and in sight 
 of the doorway through which he had so often 
 passed ; this body tells a touching and solemn 
 story of toil, fatigue, suffering, peril, and death ; 
 but also of patience, fortitude, bravery, cheerful- 
 ness, the devotion of a generous, pure and earnest 
 heart. 
 
 I cannot utter words of common consolation 
 here. There are all the usual consolations, and 
 more. There is the thought of the Infinite God, 
 just and loving — of the kind and tender Provi- 
 dence, which allows nothing to be wasted, which 
 picks up the fragments of our broken existence, 
 ties together the loose threads of our activity, ar- 
 ranges our life-plan, makes good the imperfection 
 of our labor, and perfects itself in our weakness, 
 suffering not even the little ones to perish, and 
 permitting no good hope to fail ; there is the 
 thought of a vast hereafter, where every life shall 
 be made complete. These consolations are for 
 all in ordinary times ; for those whose friends are 
 cut off by untimely accident, if we may speak of 
 untimeliness or accident in this world of God's ; 
 for those whose dear ones die of their own igno- 
 rance, error, foolishness, and vice. For these 
 friends of ours we have more than this ; the sym- 
 pathy of a great multitude, the fellowship of an 
 immense company of noble mourners, the tender 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKEKS. 109 
 
 respect and love of strangers, the recognition of a 
 country, the unspoken, perhaps unconscious, grat- 
 itude of those ready to perish. The memory of 
 such a career, of such a character, is alone conso- 
 lation sufficient for more than ordinary grief. 
 What greater comfort could there be for a mother 
 than to have had even one such son ? To be rec- 
 ognized and honored as the mother of such ? To 
 live in their reflected light and glory ? When I 
 think of mothers I know, who sit mourning for 
 boys cut off in their prime by some fate which fin- 
 ished their career before their career had well 
 begun ; when I think of other mothers, who sit 
 mourning for beautiful boys who have dug their 
 own graves by dissipation ; and of other mothers 
 yet, who are ready to pray kind death to take 
 their boys away from temptation before they sink 
 under it, body and soul ; this widowed mother, 
 sitting by two such graves as these, with a heart 
 full of such memories, seems to be blessed above 
 the rest ; yes, above thousands whose sons are 
 living at their side. 
 
 A friend, last summer, read me a letter from a 
 young man in the army of the Potomac, written 
 to his mother after the battle of Chancellorville. 
 It was the elder brother of him whose remains lie 
 here. Early in the war the hearts of both burned 
 to take .part in the conflict for what they believed 
 to be the cause of liberty, truth, and justice among 
 men. The elder went ; the younger stayed, to 
 support and comfort his mother. Presently came 
 
110 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 brave letters from the camp, telling of the life 
 there, presenting the most encouraging aspects of 
 it, for the sake of the dear ones at home, making 
 light of the privations, hardships and perils, and 
 showing how the pure purpose of the heart was 
 deepening, how the manly character was ripening, 
 under circumstances that are usually considered 
 to be fatal to all sweetness and tenderness of 
 nature. The soul of the younger brother was 
 stirred by these words from the camp and the field. 
 He felt that he must go. His mother pleads, his 
 brother remonstrates, saying what such a man 
 would say about duty at home, the mother's lone- 
 liness, the chances of battle, and the fearful thing 
 it would be were both to die — but saying too, in 
 an undertone which was felt, not seen in the writ- 
 ing — " Well, it is a great cause, and good men are 
 needed in it, and it is no wonder that every high- 
 minded man is eager to do his part." And John 
 followed Edward ; left the hills, the homestead, 
 the farm, the sorrowing mother, the delights of 
 his quiet, tranquil life. 
 
 Letters came now from both boys ; letters that 
 suggested — though their writers knew nothing of 
 it and did not suspect it — the good they must be 
 doing in the camp by their courage, their obedi- 
 ence, their high tone of loyalty, not less by the 
 purity and temperance and manly simplicity of 
 their example. Brave we knew they were ; ready, 
 faithful, unflinching, unmurmuring. At Gettys- 
 burg the elder brother falls. The younger searches 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKEKS. Ill 
 
 the bloody miles of battle-ground for the body, 
 finds it after many hours among the slain, bears 
 it in his arms a mile to a qniet resting-place, 
 whence it is removed to be borne northward by 
 tender hands, and laid, in the gorgeous mid-sum- 
 mer, beneath the trees he loved so well. 
 
 Letters now from one brother again, telling the 
 bereaved mother that he was unhurt and well ; 
 that he should come back to her soon ; that Ed- 
 ward's spirit was about him and would ward off 
 the balls ; and in the future would be about them 
 both, and help them along the rest of their way. 
 
 But exposure, work, sorrow, brought sickness ; 
 weeks of miserable sickness in the hospital, a sigh 
 for the invigorating breath of these hills, and for 
 a cheering sight of his old friends. But the bugle 
 was ringing outside ; his brave fellows were 
 making ready for the charge ; he leaves the hos- 
 pital, full of courage as ever, but too feeble in body 
 to take the field ; for a fortnight, daily, he is out, 
 wrapped in smoke and dust ; narrowly escaping 
 from death, as he rallies his men, he is taken pris- 
 oner. Still, from the horrible Bichmond prison, 
 come the letters, brave and uncomplaining ; he is 
 unwounded, he is safe now from danger in battle ; 
 he has strength to bear him through ; he needs 
 but a few comforts, blankets, clothing ; he is not 
 treated harshly. Poor fellow ! he is dying from 
 exhaustion. He goes to the hospital for a few 
 days ; he goes in the afternoon ; the next morn- 
 ing he is dead in his bed. 
 
112 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 It was long before this brother found his way 
 homeward ; the mother's heart was getting tired 
 with waiting ; but he is here at last ; and we are 
 here, to be honored by the presence of his remains. 
 
 For what was this young life given away ? For 
 what were this sweet home, this pleasant existence, 
 these tranquil pursuits, this dear mother resigned ? 
 For what were all these cares and toils and sor- 
 rows borne ? Not for himself ; not that he might 
 be richer, greater, more famous ; not in pride or 
 vindictiveness, or young love of adventure ; but 
 that the poor blacks of the South, whom he knew 
 not, and who knew not him — the poor blacks, to 
 whom the very name of man had been denied — the 
 beaten, treated as the offscouring of the earth, 
 might have their human rights ; for these, whom 
 he never saw, he died, with a faith as simple and 
 a devotion as pure as ever man had, counting 
 what he did as little, remembering only what he 
 ought to do. Unpretending, unambitious, with the 
 heart of a little child and the conscience of a 
 Christian man, he lived and died for a principle. 
 
 It is a strange sight, the coffin of a soldier, 
 wrapped in a battle-flag, lying in a Friends' meet- 
 ing-house. He was educated a Friend, and was 
 in spirit, to the end, one of that peaceful brother- 
 hood, who abhor violence, and blood-shedding, 
 and war. Comfort yourselves, oh, Friends ! with 
 the thought that he preserved that pious abhor- 
 rence as sacredly as you do. He was a lover of 
 peace ; he went out in the holy cause of peace, as 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 113 
 
 a peacemaker. Not to make war or to continue 
 war, but to put an end to war ; to die himself, if 
 need were, by the hand of war, that war might 
 cease. To make war in his country forever im- 
 possible, by eradicating human slavery, its perma- 
 nent cause, he took up arms. There seemed no 
 other way of doing it. He would thankfully have 
 used other means, had other means been permit- 
 ted. Accepting these, he prayed always for the 
 quiet rest he hoped these would bring. You need 
 not be afraid of shocking your principles by re- 
 ceiving him here from battle. His spirit would 
 do no violence to the saintliest communion. Do 
 we hate war less in these days than formerly ? 
 Nay, friends, we hate it, if possible, a thousand 
 times more, and we hate slavery ten thousand 
 times more, when we see them, father and son, 
 doing such deeds as this. 
 
 O, my friends, the time is coming, the time is 
 surely coming, when all they who went down into 
 this great struggle will be held in honor by all 
 lovers of order and peace ; when they who have 
 lost arm or leg in it will be looked at with pro- 
 found respect; when they who have come out 
 of it riven or scarred will be counted among the 
 beautiful ; when they who, like this young man, 
 have died in it, with a noble sense of its sig- 
 nificance, will be reckoned among the martyrs of 
 God's truth. The time will come, when they who 
 have sent husband, son, brother, lover, into this 
 struggle, will be cherished in grateful remem- 
 
114 THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 
 
 brance. Yes, when they who have suffered in it, 
 in any wise, even with no high sentiment of its 
 grandeur, and no high purpose in their death, will 
 yet be wrapped about with its sanctifying glory. 
 Then we, who have done nothing, who have but 
 given a few of our superfluous dollars, who have 
 but preached what others ought to do, will apolo- 
 gize for our well-preserved health and beauty, and 
 will be glad to hide our shame behind the form of 
 some hero of our blood. 
 
 It is sad to see so much young manhood laid 
 low in its bloom, and laid low by that barbarian, 
 War, pushed on by his more loathsome brother — 
 Slavery. But we must not be narrow in judging 
 the issues of a human life. Who can tell how ex- 
 istence may be most profitably spent ? Who can 
 decide what is the most effectual doing ? Provi- 
 dence decides all that for us, and makes every 
 earnest man do his work, wherever he is, and 
 whether he live longer or shorter. Had our 
 young friend lived, he would have been known and 
 beloved among these hills, and, doubtless, would 
 have made the force of his character felt by his 
 neighbors. A good son, a faithful friend, a useful 
 townsman, a sincere, honest, humane man, he 
 would have lived and died here, in the quiet, and 
 the little stream of his existence would have fed 
 the moral life of his generation, only as one of 
 your mountain rivulets feeds the Atlantic Ocean. 
 The heroic quality in him would have slumbered ; 
 his power of sacrifice would have been uncalled 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 115 
 
 for, his example of pure patriotism would have 
 been lost. Now he is known by many, to whom 
 personally he was a stranger. He is respected 
 and loved by some who never would have heard of 
 him. He has exhibited manly qualities of the 
 highest order, where men could see them. He has 
 shed a virtue abroad in the camp. He has read 
 lessons of duty to some whom he would hardly 
 have thought of instructing. For my own part, 
 though I never saw him, I gratefully confess my 
 debt to him for a fresh belief in the nobleness 
 of nature, for a more living faith in man, for a 
 fresh conviction of the worth of a simple fidelity 
 to principle, for a new sense of the sublimity of 
 sacrifice. For me he has done much by his living, 
 and by his dying. Yes, O my brother ! they tell 
 me that words of mine helped to show you the 
 significance of this struggle, and did something to 
 deepen in your heart the purpose that has brought 
 you thus early to the grave. You have richly 
 repaid the debt. You have shown me the signi- 
 ficance of a good man's deed, and, I hope, have 
 deepened in my heart a purpose that will help me 
 to nobler life. 
 
 But we have said too much, we have broken too 
 long and too impertinently the sacred silence. 
 "We should have allowed him to speak more. Had 
 he been able to speak, he would have rebuked us 
 for praising what he did in the sincerity of his 
 heart, because he could not help it, and under pain 
 of self-condemnation had he left it undone. Let 
 
THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. 116 
 
 us lay what is left of his poor body in the ground? 
 and think of him as living and working on ; for in 
 the future time, when sweet peace shall come 
 back to us, he will live and work in the pure sen- 
 timents he has aided in strengthening, and in the 
 noble institutions he has died to establish. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 H 10S 74 
 
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