I 
 
A K E Y 
 
 TO 
 
 POLITE LITERATI/RE, 
 
 OR 
 
 COMPENDIOUS DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 FABULOUS HISTORY. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 THE CHARACTERS AND PRINCIPAL ACTIONS 
 
 ASCRIBED TO THE 
 
 HEATHEN DEITIES AND HEROES : 
 
 WITH , 
 
 THE MANNER IN WHICH THE ANCIENTS REPRESENTED 
 THE DEITIES AND HEROES, VIRTUES AND VICES, 
 IN THEIR PAINTINGS, STATUES, AND GEMS J 
 
 AND 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF THEIR PRINCIPAL POETS. 
 
 Intended for the AJJiJiance oftbofe ivho ivould under/land Mythology, 
 Poetry , Painting, Statuary, and Theatrical Entertainments* 
 
 THE SIXTH EDITION, CORRECTED* 
 
 L ON DON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR J. WALKER, J. SCATCHERD, W. BENTj 
 
 G. AND J. ROBINSON, G. WILKIE, C. LAW, 
 
 T. N. LONGMAN AND O. REES, AND 
 
 M. F-OTE AND T.WILLIAMS. 
 
 l802. 
 
-49-fr^ 
 
 16 '00 
 
 t. Tolin's :--*it> 
 
 %$§ 
 
tv 
 
 PREFAC R, 3L 
 
 THOUGH a number of volumes have been writ- 
 ten to acquaint us with the hiftory of ancient fables, 
 and to explain their myftical meaning, many of 
 which deferve the efleem of the public ; yet there 
 Teemed Hill wanting a treatife of this kind in the 
 ^rm of a Dictionary , that might be turned to with- 
 out trouble ; and, by being comprifed in the compafs 
 • « t" a pocket volume, be always at hand to explain 
 the different paffages that fo frequently occur in the 
 perufal of the ancient Poets and Hiftorians. This 
 deficiency we have endeavoured to fupply in the 
 following meets. How far we have fucceeded in 
 the attempt muft be left to the determination of thofe 
 who are (killed in this branch of learning ; we can 
 only fay, that we have endeavoured to do well,- and 
 that we hope our labours will not be ineffectual. 
 
 The fabjeft is indeed copious, and might have 
 made a very large volume ; but it has been our bu- 
 fmefs to comprehend the fubftance of the whole in a 
 narrow compafs, chiefly for the fervice of thofe who 
 are defirous of undemanding the writings of anti- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 quity. This fmall Dictionary will likewife be of 
 great ufe in fchools, where the Greek and Roman 
 claffics are taught; for it will enable the fchokr to 
 underftand the purport of his leflbn, and thereby 
 render his tafk more pleafant, and confequently lefs 
 tedious. 
 
 The fources from which our materials are drawn, 
 are all the authors of antiquity, but chiefly the poets, 
 who are by fome considered as the fathers or inven- 
 tors of fabulous hiftories, and of almorr. all the pagan 
 fuperftitions. Others however are of opinion, that 
 Homer, Hefiod, Euripides, Virgil, Ovid, and the 
 reft of the poets, have done no more than adopt the 
 opinions relating to religion that were generally re- 
 ceived in the times in which they wrote their poems. 
 The hiftorians likewife have contributed their fhare 
 to this collection, as Herodotus, Dionyfius of Hali- 
 carnaffus, Paufanias, and Titus Livius ; but of thefe 
 we are mod obliged to Paufanias, who travelled all 
 over Greece, and made curious obfervations relating 
 to the deities and temples. 
 
 It is not pretended that this" is an original per- 
 formance ; for the beft dictionaries, and fuch other 
 authorities have been confulted as were mod likely 
 to enable us to execute our Contracted plan, without 
 leaving out any thing material to the main defign. 
 
By Mythology is to be underftood, not only the 
 explanation of the fabulous hiftory of the gods, demi- 
 gods, and heroes of antiquity ; but every thing that 
 has any relation to the pagan religion ; all the dif- 
 ferent fyltems of their theogony, their myfteries, 
 ceremonies of worihip, oracles, auguries, lots, au- 
 fpices; prefages, prodigies, expiations, dedications, 
 evocations, and all kinds of divination, which were 
 formerly in ufe ; the fu perflations, practices, and 
 functions of the priefts, the foothfayers, iibyls, and 
 yertals ; their games and feiHvals ; their victims and 
 faaihces; their temples and altars; their tripods, 
 their ftatues, their facred woods; and, in general, 
 all the fymbols by which idolatry was perpetuated 
 for fo many ages. 
 
 This IVTythology makes a confideraDle part of the 
 Bdles Lettres, for no great progrefs can be made 
 therein without a diftinct knowledge of the ancient 
 fables. The works of the Greeks and Romans, the 
 understanding of which is a principal part of the 
 ftudy" of men of letters, cannot be comprehended 
 without a knowledge of the myfteries and religious 
 cuikmis to which they are continually making al.'u- 
 fibns ; befides, it is from hence that the moft, polite 
 arts of poetry, painting, and fculpture, derive their 
 principal ornaments ; as is mod evident from the 
 pictures and ftatues of all the beft European matters. 
 A3 - . 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 To this we may add, that Mythology is fo often 
 mentioned in our modern writings, and even in 
 common converfation, that he would be thought t^> 
 have received but a mean education who is entirel^ 
 ignorant of this branch of learning. There are few 
 who have not heard of the names of Jupiter, Juno, 
 Minerva, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Neptune, Her- 
 cules, Achilles, Agamemnon, Andromache, Helen, 
 CEdipus, Jocafta, and the like ; and yet perhaps N a 
 very few of this great number are able to give any 
 account of thefe heathen deities and heroes, or of 
 the fables concerning them, inferted in the poets and 
 hiftorians, without the affiftance of fome book of this 
 kind ; and none has been contrived fo proper for the 
 purpofe as that which is here offered to the public. 
 
 To render this volume flill more ufeful to all who 
 have a talle for the polite arts, efpecially thofe of 
 Painting and Statuary, we have generally defcribed 
 the manner in which thefe fabulous perfonages have 
 been, and ftill are, reprefented in paintings, ftatues, 
 ard gems, with the proper enfigns or emblems by 
 which they are diflinguifhed ; and, for the fatisfac- 
 tion of the reader, we have quoted our authorities, 
 and referred him to moil of the authors we have 
 confulted throughout the work. 
 
A 
 
 COMPENDIOUS DICTIONARY 
 OF 
 
 F'ABULOV S HISTOR2: 
 
 ABA 
 
 AB A'DIR, the name of a ftone which Ops or Rhea, the 
 vife of Saturn, wrapt up in Twaddling clothes, and gave 
 to Saturn, inftead of her fon Jupiter, wno was juft come 
 into the world j becaufe it was the cuttom of; Saturn to de- 
 vour all the male infants for fear of being dethroned. 
 Prifcus Soph. Alfo the name that the Carthaginians gave 
 to the molt confiderable gods, to diftingutlh them from the 
 lefs ; for this word in the Phenician language hgnifies mag- 
 nificent Father. 
 
 A'b^eus, a furname of Apollo, taken from the city 
 Aba or Abae, in Phocis, where'this god had a rich temple, 
 and a famous oracle. 
 
 A'baris, a Scythian, who fung the journey of Apollo 
 into the north, and was made high prielt by him on that 
 account. He received from him, bclide the gift ofpro- 
 ^phecy, an arro«v, upon which he flew through the air. It 
 is faid that he afTifttd in bringing the Palladium down from 
 heaven to be placed in the temple of Minerva at Troy. 
 By gin. 
 
 Abas, the fen of Hippothoon and Metanira : he was 
 transformed into a lizard by Ceres, becaufe he made a jeft 
 of her and her facriflces, when he faw her drink with great 
 avidity, 0<vid. One of this name was alfo a companion 
 of ./Eneas ; and another was a centaur. There was like- 
 wife another, laid to be king of Argosj fon of Ijynceus 
 and Hypermnellia, or, according to others^ of Belus : he 
 
ABU 
 
 was father to Proetus and Acrifius, and uncle to Perfeus, 
 and was paflionately fond of war. Eufeb. Pauf. 
 
 Aba'ster, one of the horfes of Pluto. 
 
 Abde'ra, a city of Thrace, built by Hercules, in me- 
 mory of Abderus, one of his favourites. Some fay it was 
 built by Abdeta, filter of Diomedes ; and that the mhabi- : 
 tants became mad at the reprefeniation of a tragedy. They 
 were obliged to abandon this city on account of a prodigi- 
 ous number of frogs and rats which bred in their ^country. 
 
 Abde'rus, a friend of Hercules, and his companion 
 in the wars, who was torn in pieces by the rnai es of Dio- 
 medes, which the hero had committed to his care. 
 
 Abe'llion, an ancient god of the Gauls, whom Vof- 
 liiis believes to be the Sun, and to be fo called from Belus, 
 or Belenus, a name the Cretans gave to this luminary, 
 which Signifies the jather of the day. 
 
 Abeo'na and Adeona, deities who prefided over tra- 
 vellers ; the former on their departing, the other on their 
 coming to a place. 
 
 Abj'a, daughter of Hercules, and nurfe to Hylkis. 
 She had a famous temple in Minima, and retired into the 
 city of Ira, which was named 'after her, and was one of 
 the leven cities promifed by Agamemnon to Achilles.. 
 Homer. 
 
 Abori/gines, a very ancient people dwelling in the 
 mountains, whom Saturn brought under obedie ?ce, and 
 conducted out of Egypt into Italy, where they llttied. 
 
 Abreta'nus, a •fumame, of Jupiter, worshipped by 
 the Abretani, or Mvii.ms. 
 
 Absy'rtes, brother of Medea, the forcerefs, who 
 tore him in pieces, and hVewed his members in the high- 
 way fo retard her father, who was in purfuit of her when 
 flie ran away with Jaibn. Some fay that fne murdered him 
 in CdlcnTS, near a river of this name, falling into the 
 Adriatic i*ea. ' 
 
 ' Abu'n dance, sn allegorical deity, reprefented under 
 the figure of a young woman in the midft of all forts of 
 proviiions. She is painted full of fiefh, and with lively 
 colours ; holding in her hand a cornucopia [horn of plenty] 
 full of flowers and fruit. This goddefs made her efcapa 
 with Saturn when he was dethroned by Jupker. Ovid, 
 
A C A 
 
 Aby'dOs, a city of Afia, jipon the Hellefpont, famous 
 ■for the amours of Hero and Leander. There was another 
 inJDgypt, whete the famous temple of Ofiris was buiit, 
 and where Memnon ufuaiiy dwelt. 
 
 A'byla, a mountain of Africa, oppofite to Calpe, ano- 
 ther mountain in Spain, near the ftraits of Gibraltar : 
 thefe are called the piiiais of Hercules. It is laid that this 
 hero finding thefe two .mountains joined, cur a channel 
 between them, by which means the water of the ocean 
 communicated with the Mediterranean fe-a, 
 
 Acaca'llis, a nymph, mother of Philander and Pbi- 
 lacis, by Apollo. Thefe children were expofed to the 
 wild beafts in Crete ; but a goat giving them her milk, 
 preferved them.. — A daughter of Minois, who was ths 
 mother of Cydon, by Mercury. Pauf. 
 
 Acace'siu, a furname of Mercury, from Acacefium, 
 a town of Arcadia, where he was worshipped. 
 
 A'cAe, an ifland in which Ceres made her abode. 
 
 A'caltjs, the nephew of Daedalus, by whom lie was 
 thrown from the top of a tower ; but Minerva, out of 
 compafiion, changed him into a partridge. See Talus. 
 
 A'camas, a fon of Thefeus and Phaedra. He was at 
 the fiege of Troy, and was deputed by Diomedes to go 
 and demand Helen. During this embaffy, Laodicea, 
 daughter of Priam, had a fon by him. After this he re- 
 turned to the camp, and was one of thofe who entered the 
 wooden horfe. In the middle of the Slaughter Ethra 
 /bowed him the fon he had by Laodicea, which induced 
 him to fave them both. 
 
 Aca'ntha, a nymph, who, for having given a fa- 
 vorable reception to Apollo, was changed in$p a plant of 
 the fame name. 
 
 Acakna'niaj a province of Epirus. 'Xhere was like- 
 wife a country of that name in Egypt ; as alio a city near 
 Syracufe, where there was an old temple dedicated to Ju- 
 piter O.ympus. Plin Ser-v. Thucyd. 
 
 Aca'rnas and Amphoterus, two brothers, who 
 were Ions of Alcmeon and Callirhoe. The mother begged 
 of Jupiter that tbey might grow to manhood in a moment 
 to revenge the death of their father, whom the brothers of 
 Alphehbcea, his former wife, had flain j this prince ha- 
 
ACE 
 
 ing retaken the necklace which Alphefiboea had ftofen' 
 from his mother Eriphyle, when he killed her, to make a 
 prefcnt of it to Callirohe. Acarnas and Amphotcrus flew 
 the brothers of Alphefiboea, and confecrated this fatal 
 necklace to Apollo. 0<vid. 
 
 Aca'sta, one of the daughters of Oceanus and Ttthys. 
 Aca'stus, a famous hunter, the fon of Pelias, king 
 of Thefialy. Altydamia, his wife, being in love with Pe- 
 leus, who would not liften to her, was lo irritated that flit) 
 accufed him to her hufoand of having attempted her ho- 
 nour. Acaftus, difTembling his reientment, conducted. 
 Peleus to mount Pelion, under pretence of hurling, and 
 there had him tied to a tree to be devoured by wild beafts. 
 Jupiter was moved at the innocence of Peleus, and fent 
 Vulcan to deliver him, who afterward marched with an 
 army againft Acaftus, whom he dethroned j and put to 
 death the cruel and falfe Altydamia. 
 
 A'cca Laurentia, the wife of Fauftulus, fhepherd of 
 king Numitor's flocks. She brought up Romulus and 
 Remus, who had been expofed on the banks of the Tiber. 
 From her wantonnefs, (he was called Lupa [a proftitutej 
 whence the fable that Romulus was nourished by \lupa~\ a 
 (he wolf. Dionyf. Hal. A famous courtefan, who became 
 exceeding rich by the bounty of her gallants. At her 
 death (lie made the Roman people her heir, on wtveh ac- 
 count her name wasafcribed in the Falti, and thsy inftituted 
 feilivals to her honour under the name of Laurentalia. 
 
 A'ccius, an ancient Latin tragedian, contemporary 
 with Pacuvius, and by Quintilian compared with him, 
 and commended both for the gravity of his fsnfeand lofti- 
 nefs of ftyle. But others cenfure him as too ftiff ar\d 
 harm.— A famous augur, furnamed Nyevius, who lived 
 in the time of the ancient Tarquin. See NiEviirs. 
 
 Acco, a fimple old woman, who talked with herfelf at 
 the glafs, and earneftly refufed what me moft defired. 
 
 Ace'sios, a furname of Telefphorus, a god of medi- 
 cine, which fignifies a reftorer of heahh. H" was ho- 
 , noured as a god by the Epidauiians under this name. 
 
 Ace'stes, a king of Sicily, fon of Crinifus and Egef- 
 ta : he gave an honourable reception to i£neas> and buried 
 Anchiies upon mount Eryx. Virgil, 
 
ACH 
 
 Ace'tus, the captain of a Tyrian veflel : he prevented 
 his companions from carrying off Bacchus (whom they 
 found on the feafhore, but knew not) in hopes of a great 
 ranfom. Bacchus made himfelf known immediately, and 
 changed them all into dolphins, except Acetus, whom he 
 confecrated his high prieft. 
 
 Acha'ia, a province of Greece, the head city of which 
 was Corinth. It is fometimes put for the whole country 
 of Greece. 
 
 ^ Ach^'menes, the great founder of the Perfian mo- 
 narchy, from whom the kings of Periia, down to Darius, 
 were called Archaemenidae, and looked upon as the off- 
 spring of Sol. 
 
 Achjeme'nides, one of the companions of UlyfTes, 
 who bring left among the Cyclops, made his efcape from 
 them to jEneas, when he came that way with his fleet, 
 alter the defhucf ion of Troy. Virgil. 
 
 Acha'tes, a friend and faithful companion of -^Eneas. 
 
 Achelo'us, fon of Oceanus and Tethys. Being in 
 love with Deianira, and knowing that file was to marry a 
 great conqueror, he fought with Hercules, but was van- 
 quifhed : then he aifumed the form of a ferpent, and was 
 again defeated ; afterward that of a bull, in which he fuc- 
 ceeded no better ; for Hercules took him by the horns, 
 threw him down, and then tore one of them off, which 
 obliged him to hidehimlelf in the river Tboas, fince called 
 Achelous. He gave his conqueror the cornucopia, or hoin 
 of plenty, as a ranfom for his own. Ovid. 
 
 A'chemon, brother toPalfalus; they were both Ce- 
 crops, and lb quarrelfome that they attacked every one 
 they met. Senno, their mother, warned them from fal- 
 ling into the hands of Melampygus, that is, the man with 
 a black tail or breech. One day they found Hercules a- 
 fleep under a tree, and affronted him j upon which he bound 
 their feet together, tied them to his club, and carried them 
 on his back like a brace of hares. While they were in 
 this pollure, they could not help faying, This is Melam- 
 pygus, that our mother told us to avoid. Hercules, hear- 
 ing them, was touched with the conceit, fell a laughing, 
 and fet them at liberty. Suidas. 
 
 A'cherois, a fort of poplar which grows on the banks 
 
A CH 
 
 •f the river Acheron. This tree was confecrated to the 
 infernal gods. 
 
 A'cheron, fon of Sol or Titan and Terra. He was 
 changed intoia river, and precipitated into the-infernal re- 
 gions, becaufe he had fupplied the Titans with water 
 when they waged war with Jupiter. The waters became 
 muddy and bitter, and this isone of the rivers, which the 
 ghofts are obliged to pafs over; but they never return 
 back. Ir is alfb the name of another river in Calabria. 
 
 Acheru'sia, a cavern or lake on the (hose of the Eux- 
 ine fea, which it was pretended had a communication with 
 the infernal regions, and through which Hercules dragged 
 the dog Cerberus to the light. 
 
 Achille'a, an ifland of the Euxine fea, in which 
 Ach ; l!es was honoured as a god, and where it is pretended 
 he wrought great miracles. 
 
 Achi'lles, fon of Peleus, king of Thefuiy, and of 
 Thetis, the goddefs of the fea. They fay his mother dip- 
 ped him in the river Styx to render him invulnerable^ 
 which he was in all parts, except his heel, by which .lie held 
 him. He was placed under the tuition of Chiron, who 
 fed h'm with the marrow of lions, tigers, bears, and other 
 wild beads. His mother learning from Calchas that he 
 fhduld be killed at the fiege of Troy, and that they could 
 not take the city without him, fent him to the court of 
 Lycomedes, in the ifle of Scyrcs, in a woman's drefs, ' 
 and by the name of Pyrrah, in order to conceal him,. Be- 
 ing thus dilguifed, he made himfelf known to Deidamia, 
 paugtiter of Lycomedes, whom he married privately, and 
 had a fon by her named Pyabus. When the Greeks 
 were met to befiege Troy, Calchas difco.veied \h<: place of 
 his retreat. They fent UiyfTes in the diiguife of a mer- 
 chant, who prefenfed to the ladies of the cout jewels and 
 weapons; when Achilles preferring the latter to the jew- 
 els, by that means oarrie to be known ; upon which Uiyfles 
 prevailed upon him to go to the fiege of Troy. Achilles 
 loon became the principal hero of Greece, and the terror 
 of his enemies. 'During the fiege Agamemnon took away 
 his captive called Brifeis, which occafioned him to retiie 
 to his tent and forfake the army. Iri the mean while the 
 Trojans always got the belter ; 'but his friend Patrocjus 
 
A Ct\ 
 
 King killed by Heel or, he returned back and revenged his 
 ieath, by killing Hector, ^dragging his- body three times 
 ound the walls of Troy, and then delivered him to Priam 
 o be buried. Afterward falling in love with Polyxena, 
 laughter of Priam, he demanded her in marriage, and 
 irhen he was going to perform the ceremony, Paris let fly 
 n arrow at his heel, which was the occafioti of his death. 
 Phe poets fay that Apollo conducted this arrow. The 
 Tteeks erecl'ed a monument for him on the promontory of 
 iigeum, upon which his Ton Pyrrhus Sacrificed Polyxena. 
 ome pretended that Thetis afked him, while he was a 
 hild, whether he chafe to live a long while in an obfcure 
 onlition, or die young leaded with honours, and that he 
 tiofe the latter. Homer. 
 
 Acho'res, the G V. of fi'es, to whom the inhabitants 
 FCyrena, according to Piby, .offered facrifkes, in 'order 
 > prevail upon himto drive away thofe m.Pe£ts which iome. 
 ir.es caufed infectious difea'esin that country. 
 
 Acida'li^, one of the names" of Venus, as the god- 
 efs who caaierj care and uneahnefs. It was aifo the name 
 f d fountain in Bce^ia, where the. graces went to bathe. 
 
 A'ciles, a fountain in Sicily; it took its name from 
 
 young-man called Acriius, whom Polyxena had killed, 
 ) was mgtamorphofed into a fountain by Neptune, 
 t the reijttert pf Galatea, who was beloved by Aciliu?. 
 
 Acis, a handibme Sicilian mepherd, the fon of Fau- 
 us and the nymph Simcethls. He was admired by Ga- 
 itea for bis isSttraordmyry beauty, whom trie giant Poly- 
 hemus pafnenately "bved. This giant one day iurprjfing 
 im with Gila ea, crqfliedhim to pieces with a reck : but 
 ie nymph, full ofVrtef, changed his blood into the river 
 nee- called Acis. Homer. G<vid. 
 
 -ON T , the chief Cyclopian deity j and under this 
 de- was worfliipped in Phrygia, where was a city and 
 iftricl called Acmonia. Pie was looked upon by fome as 
 le offspring of Coelusj by others worfliipped as Uranus, 
 ad Ccelus. 
 
 Aco'ke, a place in Pontus, ' famous for poifonous 
 :rbs ; whence Acontiurri, or wolfsbane, which is laid to 
 ive fprung from the vomit of Cefberusj when he was 
 d into the light by Hercules. 
 
ACT 
 
 Aco f NTius, a young man of fingular beauty, who 
 coming to facrifice at Delos, fell in love with Cydippe, 
 who difdained him ; and being out of all hope of marry- 
 ing her, he wrote thefe words upon a ball : " I fwear by 
 Diana, that I will never marry any one but Acontius." 
 He threw it at the feet of Cydippe, who took it up, read 
 the words, and fwore without thinking what me was 
 about. Every time me attempted to marry any other, (he 
 was attacked by a violent fever, and thinking it to be a 
 punifliment of the gods, me married Acontius. VirgiL 
 Q<vid. 
 
 Acri'sius, fon of Abas, king of Argos, by Ocalea, 
 ard bom at the fame birth with Proetus. He married 
 Eurydice, daughter of Lacedaemon, by whom he had 
 D.mae : and being told by an oracle, that he mould be 
 killed by his grandfon, he (hut up his daughter in a tower 
 of brafs : but Jupiter defcehded in a fliower of gold into 
 the tower and enjoyed her. Acrifius, being told that 
 Danae was piegnant, expofed her en the fea in a fmall. 
 boat. Polydecles, king of the Cyclades, finding this 
 boat, treated the lady in a handfome manner, and brought 
 up her Ion Perfeus, who, being arrived to manhood, kil- 
 led his grandfather without knowing who he was. 
 
 Acron, a king of Cenina, a city of Italy, whom Ro 
 mulus flew for invading his territories', and confecrat 
 his fpoil to Jupiter Feretrius. Alfo an Athenian phyficia 
 and philofo^her as ancient as Empedocles. 
 
 Actje'on, the Ion of Arittsus and Autonoe, an 
 grandfon of Cadmus ; he was brought up by Chiron, am 
 became a great hunter. One day as he was huniing, he 
 chanced to pafs by a fountain where Diana was bathing j 
 and becaufe he was fo bold as to look upon the naked god- 
 defs, (he turned him into a flag, and he was hunted and 
 devoured by his own hounds. Ovid. A (on of Mehmts 
 king of Corinth, torn to pieces by the Bacchuida?. 
 
 Ac'tia or Acti'aca, game& in honour • of Apollo, 
 Aclius, celebrated every three years. They take their 
 name from the promc.r.tory called Allium, in Epirus, 
 where this god had a temple. 
 
 A'ctius, a furname of Apollo, taken from Aclium, 
 vi here he was worfhipped. 
 
ADO 
 
 Ad ad, a king of Syria, who was honoured as a god 
 after his deadi by the inhabitants of that country, particu- 
 larly at Damafcus. 
 
 Adepha'gia, the goddefs of gluttony, to whom the 
 Sicilians p?>id divine honours. 
 
 Ades, or Hades, a name of Pluto, as king of the 
 dead. It is fometimes ufed for hell itfelf, or the place of 
 the dead. 
 
 Adme'tus, fon ofPheres, king of Thefialy, was one 
 of the Grecian princes, who met to hunt a wild boar of 
 Calydon. He was concerned in the expedition of the Ar- 
 gonauts. When Apollo was in his difgrace he was obliged 
 to keep the flocks of this king. Admetus being defirous to 
 marry Alcefta, daughter of Pelias, could not obtain her, 
 tmlefs he gave Pelias a chariot drawn by a lion and a wild 
 boar. Apollo, out of gratitude, taught him how to tame 
 to the fame yoke thefe two animals. This god likewife 
 obtained a grant from the Parcae, that when this king 
 drew near his end he might fhun death, if he could get 
 any one to die in his room. Admetus being feized with a 
 mortal difeafe, and no one offering to take his place, his 
 wife Alcefta generoufly died in his room. However, Ad- 
 metus was fo full of grief on this account, that Proferpine 
 was defirous of fending her back, which was oppofed by 
 Pluto ; but Hercules defcended into the infernal regions, 
 and brought her back by force. Apollo rendered Admetus 
 a gre^t many other good turns during his banifhment. 
 Never prince met with more misfortunes : but the gods 
 always protecled him in a particular, manner, on account 
 of his piety. Eurlpid. 0<virf. 
 
 Adoc, a name which the Phoenicians gave to the king 
 of the gods. 
 
 Ado'nis, a youth of extraordinary beauty, who pro- 
 ceeded ftom the inceft of Cinyras with his own daughter 
 Myrrha. He was a great hunter, and Venus was paf. 
 fionately fend of him : however, (he had the unhappineis 
 to fee him killed by a wild boar ; but (lie changed him 
 into a flower called the Anemone. Proferpine, moved with 
 the complaint of that goddefs, engaged to reftore him 
 back, provided fhe might pofefs him fix months in the 
 year. When Venus had once got him into her own p6wer 3 
 
 £ 3 
 
M A C 
 
 flie would not part with him to her rival; which jcr.uiid 
 a great ofugnel between them. But it was terminated b/ 
 Jupiter, who rdered that he mould be his own mailer 
 four months, be with Venus four months, and the veil of' 
 the yeftr with Proferpine. O i id. 
 
 Ado'nius, a river flowing out of mount L'banus ; 
 which turned bloody yearly, on thofe days on which 
 Adonis' f-afts were kept. Pliny. 
 
 A'dporjna, a furname of Cybele, who had a temple 
 on a rp.ountain dUBoujt bf.accefs., near Pergaiays. 
 
 Adra'nus, a god woifh'pped in .Sicily, according to I 
 Plutarch, and the city of tiiat naaie' was particularly con- S^ 
 ftcrated ;to hirn. 
 
 Adra'stea, or Adrastia, the fnme with Nemeiis, a 
 goddefs of Jultice, to whom king Adruiius firft built a 
 temple, and gave her this title. 
 
 Adra'stus, a king of Argos, fon of Talaus and Ly- 
 fnuacher He married his daughter Argia to Polynices, . 
 who had fled to him for protection, having been banished 
 from Thebes by his brother Eteocles. Adraftus railed a 
 powerful army againft the Thebans, commanded by Po- 
 lynices, Tydeus, Amphiaraus, Capaneiis, Panthencpus, 
 Hippomedon, and himfelf, who was their general. This 
 is called the enterprife of the feven champions againil 
 Thebes, the firft Theban war, in which they all perifhtd, 
 except Adraltus. A little while after he excited the fons 
 to revenge the death of their fathers, railing an army like 
 the former, which was called the army of the Epigones, 
 and, with, the aid of Thefeus, king of Athens, it proved 
 victorious: Adraftus, after a long reign, died of grief, 
 occasioned by (he death of his fon JEgialeus ; and a temple 
 was erected to his memory at Sicyon. Virg. Apollod* 
 Statius. 
 
 IEa, the chief city of Colchis, fituate near the. river 
 PhafiS, Some make JEa'a huntrefs, whom Phafis fell In 
 love with, and in his- ptiriuit of her (he was turned into ark. 
 ;■ city of her own name. 
 
 A'acus, the fon of Jupiter and vEgina, king of CE- 
 nopia, which from his mother's name he called JEgina. 
 His country. being difpeopled by a plague, Jupiter, at his 
 requdt, recruited his fubjects by turning anis into men, 
 
ft 
 
 whom he therefore called Myrmidons'. He had by Endeis, 
 daughter of Chiron, two ions, Telamon and Peleus, and 
 a third by Pfamathe daughter of Neretts, called Phocu . 
 The reputation of his juftiee was Co great, that after death 
 he was rftade judge of the infernal regions, with Minos 
 and Radamanthus. 
 
 JEje'a an iiland in the Tyrene fea, where Circe dwelt, 
 and Aurora had her lodgings. Homer. 
 
 AeDCN, the daughter of Pandarus, who was married 
 to Zethos, brother of Amphicn, by whom ihe had only 
 ©pe fohj upon whxh account, being envious of the nu- 
 merous family of Niobe her fitter- in- law, fhe refolved to 
 ki'l fhe eldeft of her nephews, but by miftake flew her own 
 ion IJylus. On finding her miftake, uV is feigned to have 
 died of grief, and to be turned- into a linnet to iing her 
 (child's dirge, but Homer fays (lie was carried away by tke 
 Kaipies, and delivered to the Furies. 
 ' ^Es'ta, or >9£etes, king of Colchis, fon ofV$ol by 
 zt to Medea, Calciope, and Ahfvncs. 
 r Calciope to Phryxus, poffdfor of 
 : • his fon-in-Iaw h,;d lived fome time 
 at Colchis, he caufed him to be sfLfGnated that he mi 5 ht 
 obtain his treafures. j<for,, at the h : Argonauts, 
 
 k* demand the inheritance of Phryxus j and, by the 
 : tea, became maifer of h:3 nvafure 
 /Ee/txas, a name of Medea, the daughter of ZE:a. 
 iEGA, a nymph- who was Jupiter's I the daugh- 
 
 ter of Qlenus. * She was •: cr her death into 
 
 heaven, and made a constellation called Capricorn. 0--v:d. 
 
 iEoE ; OM, a mordfrous giant, the ion 'of Ccelus and 
 
 Te.ra, who had a huhd ed arms, and fifty heads. Juno, 
 
 « and Neptune having refolved to put Jupiter in 
 
 at the time of the war of the g«ds, Thetis brought 
 
 tyrtx iEgeoruto die fide of Jupiter. He afterward rebelled 
 
 with ttrs brethren, and at once Hung a hundred rocks at 
 
 Jupiter, who immediately f truck, hrm with his bolt,' and 
 
 rn under mount ./Etna. Virgil. Among men he 
 
 was called JEgeor., among the gods Briareus. Homer. 
 
 ^G-e'ria, a nymph of the foreft of Aricia, who mar- 
 ried Numa Pompiiius, and affifted in his government. 
 After the death of this king fhe left her obodc at Rome, 
 B 3 
 
JEGl 
 and returned to her former retreat, where fitting at tlie 
 foot of a mountain, (he wept bitterly. Diana, touchedh 
 with her affliction, changed her into a fountain, wjiofe 
 waters never dry up. Some fay that Numa, in order to 
 make the Romans believe that he had intercomTe with the 
 gods, pretended to go to the foreft of Africa, to con fa It 
 with the nymph iBgeria, and boalted that he had frequent 
 d.fcourfes with that deity. But however that be, the Ro- 
 mans believed he had frequent conversations with her, and 
 •after the death of Numa, they went into the foreft of Aricia 
 to feck her ; but finding nothing but a fountain, they gave 
 out that the nymph was changed into a fountain. 
 
 iEGE'us, a king of Athens, Ton of Fandion and Pelia. 
 He; had two wives, jSEthra and Medea. In his reign, 
 Minos, king cf Crete, in revenge of the death of his ion. 
 Androgens, Waged a cruel war againii the Athenians, 
 and, conquering them, ordered that they fhould fend . 
 feven noblemen's childien every year into Crete, to be de- 
 voured by the Minotaur ; which penalty was paid three 
 years, when Thdeus, eldeft fon of JEgeus, killed the 
 monfter, and made his efcape, through the counfel and 
 afHltance of Ai jadne, daughter of Minos. When Thefeus 
 was returning homeward, he fpigot his father's command, 
 which was to hoift a white flag in cafe of fuccefs : upon 
 which the old prince, iuppofmg his fon had been (lain, 
 threw hirafelf from the top of a turret into the fea 5 hence 
 called the iEgean lea. 
 
 ^Egi'ale, the wife of Diomedes, who, in his abfence 
 at the wars of Troy, committed adultery with Cyllabarus, 
 the fon of Sthenelus ; which Diomedes hearing, would [ 
 rot return home, but went into Italy, and obtained part 
 of the kingdom with Daunus ; but Venus, having been 
 wounded by Diomedes, made /Egiale become fo (hamelefs, 
 that fhe turned a common harlot. Statius. 
 
 JEgi'na, the daughter of Afopus, king of Bceotia, who 
 being beloved by Jupiter, he viiited her in the iikenefs of a 
 flame of fire, and begat /Eacus. Ovid. 
 
 JE'gi?at$, a deity ih called becaufe he was fhaped like 
 a goat with a fish's tail : forrre fay he was the iinne as Pan, 
 but Virgil, in his Georgics, makes him the Roman Sil- 
 vanus. 
 
JEGl 
 
 ^Egipa'nes, a naked people, light and nimble, that 
 had goat's feer, and long whifking tails. The ancients 
 worshipped thefe monfters as demigods, or gods of the 
 woods. 
 
 Mgis, one of the Gorgon s, a monfter born of the 
 Earth. She vomited forth fire and flame with a thick 
 black fmoke ; and did a great deal of mifchief in Phrygia, 
 Jetting fire to the forefrs and fields, ihfomuch that the in- 
 habitants were forced to leave their country. Minerva 
 fought with this Gorgon, killed her, and covered her 
 fhield with her fkin, which was fo terrible, that it turned 
 all who locked upon it into itone. Jupiter wore this as a 
 defence again ft the Titans. Homer gives a fine defcrip- 
 tion of it in his Iliad. 
 
 -^Egi'sthus, the fon of Thyeftes and Pelopea. Thy- 
 eftes, to whom the oracle had foretold, that the fon he 
 fhould have by his own daughter pelopea wonld revenge 
 the crimes of Atreus, made her priefteis of Minerva almolt 
 fiom her infancy ; With orders to tranfport her into a 
 country he knew nothing of, and with a prohibition not 
 to acquaint her with her birth. He thought by this pre- 
 caution to avoid the inceft which had been foretold 5 but 
 feme years afterward meeting her in a wood, without 
 knowing who flie was, he violated her : (he required him 
 to give her his fword, which fhe kept. Pelopea caufed her 
 fon Jo be brought up among \he fhepherds, whonuifed 
 him up with goat's milk, and named him .^Egifthus. 
 When he was old enough to bear arms, fhe prefented 
 him with the fworcj of Thyeftes. This young prince be- 
 ing promoted in the court of Atreus, he was chofen to go 
 and allafjinate Thyeftes, whofe country Atreus intended to 
 invade. Thyeftes remembered his fword, which caufed 
 him to afk feveral queftions of ^Egifthus, who anfwered 
 that: he had it of his mother. They prevailed upon him 
 to bring his mother back, and then Thyeftes found that 
 the oracle was fulfilled with regard to the iftceft. JEgift- 
 hus, difpleafed that Atreus had appointed him to mafTacre 
 his own father, returned foon after to Mycenae, where he 
 killed Atreus. Being defirous of marrying Clytemneftra, 
 he alTaftinated Agamemnon, and ftized on his throne, but 
 , was himfelf afterward killed by Oreftes. 0<uid. 
 
JENE 
 
 IEgle, a daughter of Htfperus, king of Italy, and 
 one of the Helperides. Ovid. One of the Naiades, daugh- 
 ter of Sol and Naera. Virgil. 
 
 iEco'BOLOS, a furname of Bacchus ; it was given 
 him by the P • tnian?, jjecaufe, by the advice cf Apclio, 
 they facrificed a goat to that deity in the room of a young 
 man. 
 
 ^go'cee-Os, a fea monger, into which Pan trans- 
 formed himfeif, when, with the reft of the gpds, he fled 
 from Typhon the great giant, and enemy of the gods. , 
 Jupiter for his fubtilty placed him among the flats. Lncan. 
 
 JEgy'ptus, the Ion of Neptune or Beius, and broth tr 
 of Danaus.' He had fifty fons who married his brother's 
 fifty daughters, called Danaides ; and by their father's 
 orders, each killed her hufband on the fit It night of their 
 •, except Hypermneftra, for fhe fpared Lynceus, 
 who afterward turned Danaus out of his kingdom. 
 
 AHllo, one of the three Barp ; es, daughter of Thau- 
 mas ■&■ d Eieclra, according to Heliod. 
 
 iEm'tlUS, a god of the Jav;yprians, fometimes repre- 
 fen-ed in the figure of a cat, but" oftener of a man with a 
 cat's head. 
 
 i&MA'THiON, the fon cf Tythonus, was a tyrant of 
 Arabia, whom Hercules flew according to Diodorus Si- 
 culi.s. 
 
 xEmon, the youngpjl fon of Geon, to whom Anti- 
 gone, daughter of CEdipus, was betrothed, but never- 
 married : for while (he followed her father in exile, JE- 
 mon Wus (lain by the mdnfter Sphinx, according to Ovid ; 
 but Propertius lays, he flew himfelf at Autocue's grave, 
 when he heard that fhe had been put to death by his father's 
 orders. 
 
 JEmus, or Hjemus, a king of Thrace, who married 
 Rhodopc, the daughter- of Stiymon. They both grew- fo 
 proud, that he alTumtd the title of Jove, and (lie of Juno, 
 and would needs be worfhipped as gods ; upon which Ju- 
 piter was fo incenfed, that he turned them into two hills, of- 
 the fame names. O-vid. » 
 
 ./E'neas, a Tiojan prince, fon of Anchifes and Ve- 
 nus. When the Greeks took Troy, he fought valiantly 
 in the flreets of that city j and when it was let on fire* he 
 
mop 
 
 took his father Anchifes loaded with the houfhold gods 
 upon his back, leading his Ton Afcajfmts by the hand, and 
 retired to Antandros, with as man j. Trojans as he could 
 get together. At that time he loit Creufa, his wife, with- 
 out knowing- what was become of her. Afterward he 
 paffed into Epyrus with feveral fhips j and, after having 
 undergone feveral tempefts, he landed at Carthage, where 
 queen Dido fell in love with him. From thence he went 
 into Sicily, where Anchifes died, and where a magnificent 
 tomb was creeled to his memory. Palling from thence, 
 •and having been tolled about by feveral ftorms, he arrived 
 in Italy, where he went to confult the Sibyl, who directed 
 him the road to the infernal regions, whither he descended 
 with a golden branch, which had been mown him, to make 
 a prefent of to Proferpine. When he came to the'Elylian 
 fields, he faw the Trojan heroes, and his father, who fore- 
 told all that mould happen to .ZErteas before his death. 
 When lie returned from thence, he embarked on the Tiber, 
 where Cybele changed his veffels into nymphs. He pro- 
 claimed war againft Turnus, who defigned to take Lavi- 
 nia, the daughter of Latinus, for his wife 5 but iEneas 
 married her, after feveral battles, in one of which Turnus 
 was flain. He laid the foundation of a new empire with 
 his fon Afcanius, and it is from him tha't the Romans pre- 
 tended to be defcended. They fay he was taken into hea- 
 ven by Venus, in fpite of Juno, who had caufed all his 
 misfortunes, and who was his declared enemy, becaufe lie 
 was a Trojan. Homer. Virgil. O-vid, 
 
 JExi'pzvs, a Thefialian fnepherd, who transformed 
 hirofeif into a river to enjoy Tyro. This nymph ieeing 
 the waters cf .ZEnipeus extremely clear, and attempting \o 
 bathe, iEnioeus enjoyed her; and in his form Neptune 
 had by her Pelias and Neleus. 
 
 .iE'OLUS, god of the winds, and fon of Jupiter. He 
 was king of the .ZEolian ifland, which was fo called from 
 him. He was faid to be the god of the wind?, on account 
 of his ikifl in agronomy! He entertained Ulyffes very 
 handfcmely when he paffed through his dominions, and 
 made him a prefent of feveral (kins wherein the win's 
 were incloled ; but the companions of UiylTes, outofcu- 
 :ria!ity, opened the fkins and let the winds efcape, which 
 
JE SC 
 
 occaiioned fuch a dreadful diforder, and railed To terrible a 
 temped, that UlyfTes loll all his veflels, and got to ihoie j 
 on a plank. 
 
 JEon, the firft woman in the world, according to the 
 fyftem of the Phenicians : (he is faid to have taught- her 
 children to make ufe of the fruits cf trees for their non- 
 riihraent. 
 
 iEos, a giant, fon of Typhon. 
 j^'ous, one of the four horfts of the Sun. 
 ./E'rea, a furname of Diana, taken from a mountain 
 of Argolisj where (he was worfhipped. 
 
 ./E'rope, the wife of Atreus, with^ whom Thyefles 
 committed adultery, ar,d had by her two ions j whom 
 Atreus killed, dreffed, and fet upon the table before his 
 brother. Ovid. 
 
 JEs, /Esculanius, or ./Eras, are the different 
 names of the deity that prefided over the coining of cop- 
 per money : fhe was reprelented under the figure of a wo- 
 man (landing up in the drefs of a goddefs, holding a ba- 
 lance in her right hand. 
 
 ./E'sacus, the fon of Priam, by Alixothoe, the daugh- 
 ter of Dymas. He fell in love with Hefperia, and followed 
 her into the woods ; but fhe running from him was (lain 
 by a ferpent : upon which he was fo difcontented, that 
 he threw himfelf headlong from a rock into the fea $ but 
 Thetis, out of companion, turned him into a didapper or 
 diver. Q-vid. 
 
 JE'schylus, a famous Greek traged'an, who wrote 
 ninety plays, of which only fix remain : he was killed by 
 the fall of a tortoife, which an eagle darned againft his bald 
 pate, miftaking irfcr a (tone. Valerius Max. Pliny. 
 
 ■/Escula'pius. the fon of Apollo, by ther.ymph Co- 
 ronis, who expofed him m a wood; but a goat cf the 
 flocks of Arifthenes gave him her milk, and the dog who 
 kept the flock (food by to (helter him from injury. Apollo 
 committed the care of his education to Chiron, who taught 
 him the art of phyfic, in whch he was fo fkiiful, that it 
 was faid he raifed (tveial from the dead ; whereupon Pluto 
 complained to Jupiter, who killed him with a thunderbolt, 
 for bringing Hj'ppolytus to life again. He was phyfkiara 
 to the Argonauts, and he had two fons, Machaon and 
 
iETtf 
 
 Pcuarilius, who went with Agamemnon to the Trojan 
 war : and two daughters, Hygiea and J alb. He was 
 worfhipped at Epidaurus, where he was born, under the 
 form of a fetpent, from which place the Romans fetched 
 him in the time of a peftiltnce. He is reprefented as an 
 old man, with a long matted beard, wearing a chaplet of 
 laurel, that tree being hereditary from his father ; and in 
 his hand a knotted ifick, as a fymbol of the difficulty of 
 "his art, which is entwined by a ferpent, that animal being 
 reckoned very medicinal in many diftemper? -. 
 
 -ZEson, fon of Cretbeus, brother of Ptlias, and father 
 ef Jalbn. Medea, at the requeft of Jafon, reftoied him 
 to his youth again. C<vid. 
 
 JEsOP, a famous writer of fables, was- a Phrygian by 
 binh, and a deformed poor (lave ; but he obtained freedom, 
 and was a very wife man. 
 
 ./Eta, or Ae'TES, king of Colchis. See JEeta. 
 ^Etha'lides, the -ion of Mercury, was a herald or 
 public cryer. He is laid to have obtained of his father two 
 favours j one was, that, living or dead, he mould always 
 te informed of what palled in the world 5 and the other, 
 that he. mould be half his time among* the living, and the 
 other half with the dead. 
 
 /E.THER, the name which the Greeks gave to the hea- 
 vens. Jri the beginning (lays Heilod) God created the 
 aether, and on each fide cf it was the chaos and night, 
 which covered every thing that was under the aether. 
 This fjgnifies that it was night before the creation, and 
 that the earth was invifible on account of the darkneis that 
 "covered it. 
 
 iE'THLrus, the fon of Protogeriia by Jupiter, who 
 placed him in heaven as a demigod, but not paying due 
 refpeft to Juno, h^ was thrown down into the infernal 
 regions. 
 
 JEthon, one of the horfes belonging to the chariot of 
 the Sun. Ovid, A war horfe belonging to Minerva. 
 Virgil. 
 
 JEthB-A, the daughter of Pittheus, and wife of JE- 
 geus. She married him when he lodged at her father's 
 houfe, and became big with Thefeus ; and /Egeus, be- 
 ing obliged to return home without hsr, left his iword an4 
 
AGA 
 
 fhoes behind him, which the child was to bring back as 
 fbon as he was big enough to wear them. Theleus after- 
 ward went to 'fee his father, who received him, and made 
 him his heir. Homer. A daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, 
 wife of Atlas, mother of Hyas, and feven daughters called 
 HyadeSi 
 
 -ffiTNA, a large mountain of Sicily, which vomits up fire 
 and flames 5 now called mount Gibel. The forge of Vul- 
 can was in this mountain j and the Cyclops were at work 
 continually in it, making, thundeibolts for Jupiter. 
 
 JEto'lus, the third ion of Endymion and Mais, who 
 retired to the Curetes, and gave their country the name of 
 JEtolia. 
 
 A'fricus, ihe fouthweft wind. He is reprefented with 
 black wings, 'and a melancholy countenance. 
 
 Agame'des, a Cyclopian, famous for his great fkill 
 in architecture. He, and his brother Trcphonius, made 
 the chancel or oracle in the temple at Delphos, of five 
 whole (tones, for which he was deemed a hero. Cicero in- 
 forms us, that when the work was finimed, the two brothers 
 defired of Apollo, that they might have for their reward 
 that which he judged beft for man : three days after, they 
 were found dead in their beds. 
 
 Agame'mnon, king of Argos and Mycenae, fon of 
 Atreusi was appointed crn'ef of the Grecian army againft 
 the T'iojans. He quarrelled with Achilles at the. fiege of 
 Troy, for a female captive called Brifds, whom he had 
 forcibly taken away. The city being taken, Caffandra, 
 daughter of Priam, predicted that he fhould be affuffinated 
 at his return home 5 but he did not believe her, and yet it 
 proved to be true, for hfs wife Clyiemnelira, and her pa- 
 ramour JEgifthus, flew' him at a banquet. Orelies, 
 Eleclra, and Jphigenia, his children, fully revenged his 
 death in t;ie fequel. Homer. 0=vid. 
 
 Aganixe, the daughter of Hege'or,- who having, 
 learned the caufe of eclipies, and the time that fney would 
 happen, informed the people that (he could bring down 
 the Moon by her inchantrnents ; at the fame time exhort- 
 ing the Theflalian women to make a great nojfe in order 
 to make her reafcend to her place. Afterward in the be- 
 ginning of an eclipfe they made a great ooife'with kettles 
 
AGE 
 
 md other inftiuments, to hinder her hearing, as they 
 Ktended, the invocation cf the magicians. 
 
 Agani'epe, a famous fpring or fountain, which rofe 
 nit of mount Helicon, and run into the river Rarnaffus. 
 rhis fo'.tnfain was confecrated to the Mufes, and its waters 
 md the power of infpiring the poets. 
 
 Agaki'ppides, a name of the Mufes. They were fo 
 :alied from the fountain Aganippe, to whom it was coll- 
 igated . 
 
 Agape'nor, the fon of Ancseus, and admiral of Aga- 
 nemnn , s fiett, who, after the deftiucfion o ; Troy, was 
 Iriven to Cyprus, where he built Paphos. Homer. Pmtf. 
 ■- Agatey'unus, fonofyEolus, the god of the winds, 
 Ijjio fettled on the coaft of Sicily, and founded a city of 
 he fame name. 
 
 Aga've, the daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, who 
 vas married to Echion, king of Thebes, by whom fhe 
 iad Pentheus, whom (lie and the reft of the Mseuadrs in 
 heir mad revels tore limb from limb, becauie he would 
 liink no wine, but, inftead of celebrating, flighted the 
 'ealt oi' Bacchus. 
 
 vus, one of the fons of Priam. 
 
 Agiu'spis, a genius- in a human form, but fomet'mes 
 ... and fometimes of the other fex. 
 
 Age cf Gold, the reign of Saturn, hecaufe men lived 
 n innocence, and the earth produced all forts of vegetables 
 iiwrfrout cultivation. 
 
 Age of Silver, the time that Saturn fp nt in Italy, 
 where he taught the art of cultivating the ground, which 
 lid not bring forth plants fpontaneoufly, becaufe men were 
 jecome unjuft. 
 
 Age of Brass, the time after the reign of Saturn, when 
 [ibcitimim and injuftice began to prevail. 
 
 i^GE of Iron, the time when men began to commit the 
 moll nionftrous crimes. The pests pretend that at this 
 time the earth became quite barren, becaufe mankind were 
 taken up in endeavouring to deceive each other. 
 
 Acela'stus, a name given to Pluto, becaufe it was 
 never known that he laughed. 
 
 Age'nor, fon of Neptune and Lybia, was the mod 
 lacisnt king of Ar^os. He was the father of Cadmus, 
 C 
 
A J A 
 
 whom he ordered never to appear before him without his 
 iifter Europa, whom Jupiter had carried off. 
 
 Ageno'ri a, the goddei's of induftry among the Romans. 
 She was fet in oppofition to Murcia, the goddefs of (loth. 
 
 Agesila'us, a fumame of Pluto, becaufe he fought 
 after the dead, and caufed them to be conducted to the in- 
 fernal regions by Mercury. 
 
 Agla'ia, the firfl of the three Charities or Graces, fo 
 named from her fplendor or dignity ; becauie kindnefs 
 ought to be performed freely and aeneroufly. 
 
 Aglau'ra, a daughter of Cecrops, who promifed 
 Mercury to aflift him in courting her fifter Herfe, in hopes 
 of reward $ but Minerva, angry at this agreement, ren- 
 dered Aglaura fcr jealous of Herie, that (he did every thing 
 to fet them at variance : after this Mineiva gave the three 
 fillers, Aglaura Herfe, and Pandrofa, a balket wherein' 
 Ei ichthonius was hid, commanding them not to open it. 
 Aglaura and Herfe could not ftifle their curioiity, but 
 opened the balket ; which they had no fooner done, than 
 they were agitated by tpe Furies, and threw themfelves 
 down a precipice, but they were .changed into iwallows. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Ago'nius, a god who prefided over bufinefs, and 
 whole feftival was called Agonia or Agonalia. 
 
 A'greus, a name of Ariltaeus. 
 
 Agrote'ra, a fumame given to Diana, becaufe (he' 
 was always in the fields. The Athenians lacrifked five 
 goats to her every year. 
 
 Agro'tes, a famous deity of the Phenicians, whom 
 they carried in proceffion on her feftival day, in a chariot 
 drawn by different animals. 
 
 Agy'rtes, the fumame of the priefts of Cybele, which 
 fignihes jugglers, becaufe they played tricks to get the 
 money 1 . 
 
 AjAXj the fon of Oileus, was one of the Grecian 
 princes who went to the fiege of Troy. He was fo acYive; 
 in all his bodily exercifes that he was equalled by none. 
 He violated CafTandra, in the temple of Minerva, where 
 flie had taken refuge during the burning of the city. Mi- 
 nerva was refolved to puniih him, and prevailed on Nep- 
 tune to raife a furious tempeit as foon as he left the haven. 
 
AIU 
 
 After a' great number of dangers he got upon a reck, 
 where he laid, I fhall efcape in fpite of the gods. Nep- 
 tune, exafperated at this, clove the rock in two with his 
 trident, and he was fwallowed up with the water. He 
 had gained a great reputation for his valour, and did great 
 fervice to the Greeks during the liege of Troy. Homer. 
 j A fon of Telampn, who was not lefs famous than the for- 
 jmer. He was invulnerable, except only in one part of 
 his breafl, which was known only to himfelf ; and was as 
 j impious as the former. He was at the fiege of Troy, 
 l where he was greatly diftinguifhed, and fought a whole 
 day with Hector 5 when, charmed with each other, they 
 left off, and made one another fatal prefents ; for the heft 
 which Heclor received, was made ufeof to fatten him to 
 the chariot of Achilles, when he was drawn round the 
 city of Troy. Afterward, Achilles being killed, Ulyfles 
 and Ajax contended for his arms ; Ulyfles got the better. 
 Ajax became fo mad that he fell upon the flocks belong- 
 ing to. the camp, and made a great (laughter, thinking to 
 kill Ulyfles ; but when he recovered his reafon, he killed 
 himfelf with the fword that he had received from Heclor. 
 Homer. 0%<id. 
 
 Aido'na, wife of Zetas, who having killed her own 
 fon in the night by miftake, was fo full of grief that Ihe was 
 metamorphofed into a goldfinch. 0<vid. 
 
 Aido'xeus, a king of Epirus, who lived in the time 
 of Erectheus, fifty years before the fiege of Troy. As 
 Epirus is a very low country, it is often taken for the in- 
 fernal regions, and this prince upon that account is often 
 taken for Pluto. — A king of the Molofles, who put The- 
 feus in prifon becaufe he attempted to Ileal his daughter Pro- 
 ferpine near the river Acheron. 
 
 Aime'na, a Trojan lady, who was accounted a heroine 
 in Greece, and had even an altar at Athens. 
 
 Aius Locu'tius, the god of fpeech, worshipped by 
 the Romans under that name, on this occafion : A com- 
 mon foldier reported to the fenate, that in the night he 
 heard a voice, more than human, proceeding from Vefta's 
 wood, which proclaimed, that if they did not rebuild the 
 walls of the city, it would be taken by the Gauls : how- 
 ever, thev did not mind what was faid till after the Gauls 
 C % 
 
ALC 
 
 became matters of It, and were driven away again. They | 
 then erected an altar to the god of fpeech, and af, 
 -built a temp'e to his honour in the middle of Rome : haw- I 
 ever, as Cicero obierves, he was never heard to ipealc;! 
 again. 
 
 Alaba'ndus, the founder of a city of Caria, caMed j 
 AJabanda. He beeame their chief deity, and was »o«. ; 
 fhipped in a particular manner. 
 
 AlacoM'E ; des, the fofter father of Minerva, who had 
 heroic monuments erecled to his honour on account of that l 
 goddefs. 
 
 Alacome'na, daughter of Ogyges, was the mirfeofal 
 Minerva ; for which reafon fhe was honoured after her | 
 death with a part'cular worihip, and -was looked upon as a I 
 goddefs that carried defigns to a good end. 
 
 Ala'stor, one of the four horles that drew the chariot ! 
 of Pluto, when he ftole Proferpine. 
 
 Al'eion and Bergion, two giants, the fonsofN r -p- i 
 tune, with whom Hercules fought, and with much clitli— 3 
 culty vanquished. 
 
 Albu'ka, the tenth Sibyl, according to Varro, wrjo>-|| 
 was of the city of Tibur, now called Tivoii 3 where fee 
 was wor/hipped as a goddefs. 
 
 . Alcje'us, the fon ofPerfeus and hu&and of Hippo- 
 mena, was father of Amphitryon and grandfather of Her- 
 cules, from whom he took the name of Alcides.— There is 
 another Alcaeus, who was fon of Hercules. 
 
 Alca'thous, the fon of Pelops, who Sed to Megara, 
 married the daughter of the king of Megsrus, afte? he had 
 d-iivered the country from a furious lion which did a great 
 deal of mifchief. He fucceeded his father- in law in \ks 
 tin one. 
 
 Alce'sta, the daughter of Pelias and Anrvxab-i-a, who 
 being fought after in marriage by a great number or levers, 
 her 'father, to caufe them to defift from their pwfu it, faid/, 
 he would befcow her on him who could harnefs I 
 chariot two wild beafts of different kintts, in fuch a m 
 as mould enable Alcefta to ride out with them. 
 king ofThelfdy, had rec'ourfe to' Apollo, witofe boll he- 
 had foimerfy been j and this god gave him a lion and » 
 wild boar tamed ready to his handsj which drew rhe cha- 
 
ALC 
 
 not of the prince, Alcefta was afterward 'a ecu ted of ha- 
 ving a fhare in the murder of Pen" as ; sipon which account 
 her brother Acaftus went to war with Admetus, took him 
 prifoner, and was going to punifh him : ;bter's 
 
 crime, when AJceita offered nerfelf to the conqueror to 
 faye her husband. However, Hercules, at the 1 equeft ©f 
 Admetus, purfued Acaftus beyond the river Acheron, 
 defeated him, and took away Afcefta to render her back 
 to her huiband. The fable fays, that Alcefta actjtsdly 
 died to fave her huiband, and that Hercules, meeting 
 Death, fought with and conquered him, binding him tp 
 chains of adamant till he had eonientec to leitore Aleefia 
 to life. 
 
 Alci'des, a name of Hercules, from his ftrength, er 
 from his grandfather Akseus. Alio a name given to Mi- 
 nerva by the Macedonians. 
 
 Alctngus, a king of the iftanct of Corcyra, now 
 Corfu, much commended for his rrrict juftice by Orpheus. 
 Ulyfies, being wrecked upon this iilahd, recited his adven- 
 tures to the king, and was entertained very honourably by 
 him. He was praifed for his love of agikul sure, and had 
 an orchard very famous for choice fruits. 
 
 Alci'ppe, a daughter of Mars, by Agraulos, beloved 
 by Halirrhotius, ion of Neptune, who, hot being able to 
 prevail upon her by fair means, enjoyed her by force. 
 Afoliod, 
 
 A'lcitkoe, a Theban woman, who defpiimg the fa - 
 crifices of Bacchus, frayed at home and fpun while the orgies 
 were celebrating. She was changed into a bat, and the 
 fpindle and yarn into a vine and ivy. Ovid. 
 
 Alcme^nAj the daughter of Eleclryon, and granddaugh- 
 ter of Perfeus, who married Amphitryon, on condition 
 that he revenged the death of her brothers, whom the 
 Thebans had (lain. While Amphitryon was engaged ia 
 the war, Jupiter enjoyed her in her hufband's mape, from 
 which commerce Hercules proceeded ; for. which reafon, 
 me was advanced to the rank of a heroine, and had an 
 altar erected to her in the temple of Hercules. Before this 
 adultery, Alcirena had conceived a fon by her hufband a 
 which fon and Hercules were twins 5 his name was 
 Iphicles. 
 
 03 . , 
 
ALE 
 
 A'lcmeon, fon of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle, who 
 having killed his mother by his father's order, became a 
 vagabond ; that is, he went about feeking fbme one that* 
 would expiate his crimes, according to thecuftcm of thofe 
 times, that he might be delivered from the furies that pur- 
 fued him; that is, from a guilty conic ience. At length 
 lie confulted the oracle on this account, who told him that 
 he mould not be delivered till he had found a place the fun 
 did not fhine on when he committed the murder. Having 
 a long time confidered what the oracle could mean, he 
 thought of the ifland called Efchinides, lately rifen out of 
 the fea, where he went to fettle. See Acarnas. 
 
 Alcon, the fon of Ereclhaeus, king of Athens, who 
 was (b fkiifnl an archer, that he Hew a ferpent which at- 
 tacked his fon, without hurting the child. 
 
 Alcy'one, a daughter of Atlas, and one of the Plei- 
 ades. She had Aretheufa by Neptune, and Eleuthera by 
 Apollo. Pauf. A daughter of ^Eolus, of the race of 
 Deucalion, who married Ccyx, king'of Trachina. The 
 love fhe had for her hvifb.nd was i'o great, that when 
 Ceyx was ihipwrecked, Alcyone out of grief threw herfelf 
 into the fea, and was with her hufband changed into king- 
 rimers. 0%ict. The furname of Cleopatra, daughter of 
 Idas and MarpefTa, and wife of Meleager. Homer. 
 
 Alcyo'neus, brother to Porphyrion, and one of the 
 moft formidable giants that attacked Jupiter. The father 
 of the gods commanded Hercules to dedroy him, and this 
 hero brought him to the ground leveral times with his ar- 
 rows \ but as foori as Aluoneus touched the earth, which 
 was his mother, he recovered freih (Irength, and became 
 mere terrible than before ; upon which Hercules crufhed 
 him W death in his arms. Others fay, that Pallas came 
 to the aiTiftance of Hercules, and carried him above the 
 orb of the moon, where he died. His daughters, mourning 
 his death, threw themielves into the fea, and were changed 
 into kingfifhers. Apol'od. 
 
 A'lea, a furname of Minerva, from her temple built 
 by Aleus, king of Arcadia. 
 
 Ale'cto, one of the three Furies, daughter of Ache- 
 iron andNox. SeeEuMENiDES. 
 
 Ale'ctrion, a youth whom Mars, during his amour 
 
ALP 
 
 with Venus, placed at the door to watch againft the ap- 
 proach of the fun. He fell afleep, and Apollo came and dis- 
 covered the lovers, who immediately acquainting Vulcan 
 with his wife's treachery, he expofed them in each other's 
 aims before all the gods. Mais being enraged at the negli- 
 gence of Aleclrion, changed him into a cock, who, {till 
 mindful of his fault, earl) announces the approach of the fun. 
 
 Alema'nnus, was the Hercules of the ancient Ger- 
 mans, and looked upon as the founder and father of that 
 na;ion. 
 
 Alexia'ria, the daughter of Hercules and Hebe, and 
 goddeiV of youth. 
 
 Alirro'thius, a fon of Neptune, who, being en- 
 raged that his father was defeased by Minerva, in his dif- 
 pute about giving a name to Athens, determined to cut 
 down the olive, which had fpiung from the ground, and 
 g ; ven the victory to Minerva j but in the attempt he mif- 
 fed his aim, and cut his own legs fo feverely, that hem-, 
 ftnntly died. 
 
 A'loa, feftiVals at Athens in honour of Ceres and 
 Bacchus, kept after the harveft. 
 
 Aloe'us, a giant, fon of Titan and Terra, whofe wife 
 Iphimedia was ravimed by Nepiune, and had two fons by 
 him, Othus and Ephialtes. Aloeus educated them as his 
 own, and hence they have been called Aloides. 
 
 A'logos, a name given by the Egyptians to Typhon. 
 
 Alo'ides, two formidable giants in Horner, who 
 were the larger! and handfomeft men that were ever feen. 
 At nine years of age they were thirty-fix cubits high, and 
 nine thick 5 and they grew every year a cubit in thicknefs, 
 and an ell in height. Their prodigious bulk rendered them 
 fo proud, that they undertook to dethrone Jupiter ; but 
 they were taken prifoners by Mars, who bound them in 
 chains. They were afterward delivered by Mercury; but 
 at length were thrown into Tartarus by Jupiter. See 
 Aloeus. 
 
 A'lofe, the daughter of Cercyon, who had a child by 
 Neptune, called Hippothoon. It is alio the name of one 
 of the Harpies. 
 
 _ Alphe/a, a name of Diana in Elis, given her when the 
 river Alpheus endeavoured to ravifii her without fuccefs. 
 
AMA 
 
 Alphesiboe'a, the daughter of Phlegius, a pried of 
 Bacchus. She married Aicmeon, and received the famous 
 necklace of Eriphyle for a nuptial prefent j but, be : ng di- 
 vorced fome time after, me prevailed on hef brothers to - 
 revenge the affront, who murdered her hufband. 
 
 Alphe ; us, a famous river of Arcadia, which, after 
 patting through Elis and Achaia, was faid to run under 
 the lea into Sicily, to the fountain Aretheufa. This they 
 pretended was confirmed by things that were thrown into 
 this river in Greece, and were found again in that fountain. 
 Hercules made ufe of this river to clean the {tables of Au- 
 
 § eas - 
 
 Aithje'a, the daughter of Theftius and Eurythemis, 
 who married Oeneus, king of Calydonia, and" was mother 
 of Meleager. This young prince being obliged to go to 
 war with her two brothers, and having flain them, Al- 
 thaea, out of defpair for their death,, burnt a log of wood, 
 on the prefervation of which, the life of her ion depended j 
 but me afterward died of grief. See Meleager. 
 
 Alth^emenes, a fen of Crateus, who exiled himfelf 
 to avoid becoming a patricide j yet at length killed his 
 father unknowingly, for which, on his entreating the gods, 
 the earth opened and fwallowed him up. See Crateus. 
 
 Alyxa'thoe, a nymph, and mother of JEiacus by 
 Priam, by whom me was greatly beloved. 
 
 Amalth^'a, a daughter of Melifibs king of Crete, 
 who fed Jupiter with goats milk. Hence fome have called 
 her a goat, and have maintained that Jupiter, out of gra- 
 titude, placed her among the ftars, and that me is now 
 the cortftellation Capricorn. The Greeks pretended that 
 they had one of her horns, which had the virtue of pro- 
 ducing whatever they defired. This was called the horn 
 of plenty. 0<v\d. A celebrated Sibyl of Cumse in Italy 5 
 beloved by Apollo. See Sibyls. 
 
 Amanus or Omanus, a god of the ancient Pes fians, 
 fuppofed to be the fun, or the everlafting fire which they 
 worJhippecL 
 
 Amary'nthia, a furname of Diana, taken from a 
 village of Euboea, where me was worfhipped. 
 
 Ama'ta, the wife of king Latinus. She had betrothed 
 her daughter Lavinia to Turnus* befcie the arrival cf 
 
A M I 
 /Eneas in Italy. She zealoufty ravotored the mferefl of Tnr- 
 rms, and when her daughter was given to iEneas> ihe 
 hung herielf. Virgil. ^ / 
 
 Amathu'sia, a lurname of Venus, taken frprai a city 
 in rhe illand of Cypres, particularly dedicated to her, 
 
 Ama'thia,. one of the fifty Nereids, according *o 
 Homer. 
 
 A'mazons, warlike women, fo called!, who were fhi<i 
 anciently to have pofTeffed "S great part of Alia. 
 fuffered no man to come among them/ except once a year 
 for the fake of pofteiity. They killed oc maimed their 
 male children, but brought up their daughters, whofe 
 right breafts they burnt, that they might ufe the bow? more 
 comrnodioufly. They a-e faidtohave had bloody wars with 
 their neighbours j bat were at length s!mo3 destroyed by 
 Hercules, who took one of iheir queens psilbhef, Maoy 
 authors make mention of thefe women, and yet itss now 
 juftly doubted whether there were aa j farft m the wtdd car 
 aot. 
 
 Amazo ; nius, a name of Apollo, giVer? him by }}>» 
 Lacedaemonians on account of the aSiftaoce fee. gate 
 sgainft the Amazon s, , 
 
 Amearya\iAj a feaft Ib honow of CexeS;, csltfersfed 
 by the an dent Romans to obtain 2 goodhajstft of tW gods, 
 They faerificed a heifer ac cor; ifng to Virgil, hai TibttSos 
 fays a iamb, which was carried three times m fnx 
 about their fields. This feftival was generally kspfe at the. 
 time of rhe harveft, and &meHHie$ whe» the product of the 
 earth was in danger. It wa« lbmetimes celebrated at Rome, 
 and the piielts-who perfe^qaed the cerenaoBies wese called 
 Aivales. 
 
 A>i5i ? TiON, a Roman forty, 
 Rome She was represented with wings on her back, and 
 naked feet. 
 
 Ambro'sia, a of A'hs, and one of the 
 
 Hyades. — The food of the gods was alio called by this 
 name, of which if any one eat he be: 1$). ■ 
 
 Ambu^lli, a name given to Jupiter, Minerya> and the 
 T_vnoarides. It fignines prolcngatiuri^ for they thought 
 theft- gods prolonged fuel 
 
 Amimo'me., a daughter ofDauaus, changed mt6 a foun» 
 
AMP 
 
 tain which is near Argos, and flows into the lake Lerna. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Amizo'dar, a king of part of Lycia, had a wife called 
 Chimera, whofe two brothers were called the Lion and the 
 Dragon, becaufe they murdered all thofe that fell into their 
 hands. 
 
 Ammon, a name of Jupiter, under which he was wor- 
 fhipped in Lybia, where he had a famous temple. Some fup- 
 pofe him to be the fun, becaufe this word in the Pheni- 
 cian language, fignifies hot or burning. He was wor- 
 shipped under the figure of a ram, according to Lucanj 
 but there are medals on which he is feen in the fhape of a 
 man, only there are two horns of a ram placed a little 
 above his ears. The ftatue of Jupiter Ammon was a fort 
 of clockwork figure, which made figns with its head. 
 
 A'mpelus, a famous promontory of Samos. There 
 was alfo a city of Crete fo called, another of Macedonia, 
 and another of Lybia. It was likewife the name of a fa- 
 vourite of Bacchus. 
 
 Ampelu'sia, a promontory of Africa, in Mauritania, 
 where there was a cavern confecrated to Hercules. 
 
 Amphiara'us, the fon of Apollo and Hypermneftra, 
 famous for his knowledge of futurity. He married Eri- 
 phyle, fifter of Adraftus king of Argos, by whom he 
 had twofons, Alcmeon and Amphilochus. His wife being 
 bribed by a gold necklace, told Polynices the place where 
 he was hid, to avoid going to the war of Thebes, where 
 he knew he mould ceitainly peri/h. Sitting at table with 
 the chiefs of the army, an eagle carried away his lance, 
 and let it fall into a place where it was converted into a lau- 
 rel } the next day the earth opened under him, and he 
 was fwallowed up alive. He received divine honours after 
 death, and had a celebrated temple and oracle at Oropius 
 in Attica. Ovid. 
 
 Amphi'damas, the fon of Bufiris, king of Egypt, was 
 offered to Hercules on the fame altar that his father had fa- 
 crificed all ftrangers that he could get into his poffeffion. 
 
 Amphi'medon, the ion of Melantheus, one ofthe lovers 
 of Penelope, who was flain by her fon Telemachus. 
 
 Amphi'nome, the name of one of the fifty Nereides, 
 according to Homer. 
 
AMU 
 A'mphion, a fon of Jupiter, by Antiope, daughter of 
 Ny&eus, who had married Lycus, and had been repudiated 
 by him- when he married Dirce. Amphion was bprn at 
 the fame birth as Zethus, on mount Cytheron, where 
 Antiope had tied to avoid the relentment of Dirce. He 
 made Aich uncommon progrefs in mufic, that he is faid to 
 have built the walls of Thebes by the harmony of his lyre. 
 He and Zethus united to avenge the wrongs of their mother 5 
 they befieged and took Thebes, put Lycus to death, and 
 tied Dirce to the tail of a wild bull, who dragged her till 
 (he expired Homer. Pauf. A fon of jafus king of Or- 
 chomenos, by Perfephone daughter of Mius. He mar- 
 ried N:obe, by whom he had many children, but all of 
 them, and hinv'elf, were deitroyed for her infolence to La- 
 tona, except Chloris, who became wife to Neleus. Homer, 
 Ovid. 
 
 Amphitri'te, the daughter of Oceanus, and Tethys, 
 with whom Neptune fell in love ; but (he, defirous to con- 
 tinue a virgin, fled from him and hid herfelf $ whereupon 
 he lent two dolphins, who found her by mount Atlas, and 
 peiiuaded her to marry Neptune -, and having conveyed 
 her to him in a car, in the form of a mell, he on her begat 
 Triton. She is fometimes called Salacla, and is often taken 
 for the fea itfelf by the poets. 
 
 Amphi'tryon, the fon of Aicseus, and grandfon of 
 Perfeus, manied to his coufin Alcmena. During the war 
 with the Thebans, Alcmena became pregnant of Hercules 
 by Jupiter, who to deceive Alcmena, had aflumed the 
 fhape of her hufband. When Amphitryon returned from 
 the war, he killed his father-in-law, Eleclryon, king of 
 Mycenae, by accident, -for which he was obliged to fly and 
 retire to Thebes with Alcmena. 
 
 Ampho'terus, ion of . Alcmeon. SeeAcARNAS. 
 
 Amphry'sius, a river of Theffjly, on the banks of 
 which Apollo kept the flocks of Admetus, and where he 
 flayed the iatyr Marfyas alive : it was there he was in love 
 with Evande, Lycoris, ' and Hyacinthus ; which laft he 
 killed by chance when they were playing at quoits. 
 
 A'mu'liUs, king of Alba, was fon of Procas, and 
 younger brother to Numitor. He difpofTefTed his brother 
 of the crown, and even put to death his ion Laufus, and 
 
ANA 
 jhter Ilia a veil a I virgin, to prevent her 
 ever becoming "a mother. Not with {landing thefc precau- 
 tions, Ilia became pregnant by the god Mars, and brought 
 forth Romuius and Kemus, who afterward put Amulius to 
 death, and restored the crown to their grandfather. 
 
 Amiclie'us, a furname of Apollo, taken from the 
 city Amyclae, in Laconia, where he had a magnificent 
 temple, furrounded by delightful groves. 
 
 A'mycltjs, ion of Lacedembn and Sparta, and brother 
 to Eurydice the wife of Acriiius. He built the city oP 
 Amyclse, where Apollo had a temple, and was iurnamed 
 Amyclaeus. 
 
 Amy'cus, lbn of Neptune and Melia, king of the I 
 Beb.rycians, famous for his Ikill in the management of the 1 
 ctilus. He challenged all Ihange^s to a trial of ftrength', 
 and was killed by Pollux when he attempted to overcome 
 him by fraud.* — Alio a cempani n of ^neas, killed by 
 Turnus, brother to Hyppolita, queeh pf the Amazons;] 
 who opposing the pafi^ge oi' Hercules, who came to wage 
 war with his lifter, he was (lain .by.ihat hero. 
 
 A'mymgke, rne cf the fiftj Danaidetf; (lie married 
 Enceiadus, and killed hiiii the firfl nigh: of their nuptials, 
 in pursuance of litr' father's order: but feeling a rernoue 
 of 50nfcier.ee, fhc retiied in'o a wood ; w!t%re, intending to 
 fhootadecr, (he wounded a (atyr, who purfued her, and.' 
 even offeied her violence ; but (he, imploring the help of 
 Neptune, was delivered by him, but fufttred from h'm 
 what me o; ; die fatyr, and brought 
 
 forth Nauplius. Strabo. 
 
 Amy'ntcs, -fcingof the Dolopes, a people oPEpirus, 
 who was killed by He-, cults- fur refufmg h\m a paflage 
 through his country .— Aibn of JEgyptus, who v*as kdiecT 
 by Ms tight of his'nupUals. * 
 
 Anaxes, a name given to Cail<5r and Pollux, from 
 their clemency to the conquered, when they made war 
 againft the Athenians, to recover their hirer Helen, whom 
 Thefeus had- carried away. Their feliivals were called 
 Anaceia. 
 
 Ana'-CREON, a famous lyric poet* of Teos, in Ionia, 
 whole odes are It ill extant, and admired for their fweetnefs 
 and elegance. He lived to his 85th year, and after much 
 
ANA 
 diflipation and intemperance, choaked himfelf with a grape 
 ftone, and expired. 
 
 Anadyome'ne, a name of Venus, who was faid to 
 have emerged from the waters of the fea. 
 
 An^'tis or Anai'tis, a furname of the moon j given 
 to it by the Perfians j who, as Strabo informs us, had 
 feveral temples dedicated to this deity. They confecrated 
 the (lives to her, as well men as women j but what is more 
 ftrange, they prottituted their daughters publicly to her 
 honour ; which, however, did not hinder their marriage. 
 
 Anai'dia, a word which fignifies impudence; was 
 had in honour by the Athenians, who erected an altar for 
 her fervice. 
 
 Anai'tis, a furname of Venus among the Armenians; 
 where the virgins confecrated to her fervice, efteemed them- 
 felves more dignified by public piortitution. — Diana was 
 alfo worfhipped under this name by the Lydians. 
 
 Ana'phe, an ifland that rofe out of the Cretan fea, and 
 received this name from the Argonauts, who in the middle 
 «f a (form, fuddenly faw the new moon. Apollo was 
 worfhipped there, and called Anaphsus. Apollon. 
 
 Ana'scis, the fon of Caitor and Phcebe, had a ftatue 
 at Corinth, erected in the temple, built in honour of Lis 
 father. 
 
 Anau'rus, a river in Theflaly, rifing near the foot of 
 mount Pebon. Lucan. 
 
 An ax, a fon of Ccelus and Terra, from whom Mi- 
 letus was formerly called Anacloria. Pattf. This name 
 was anciently given to feveral remarkable perfons, it hav- 
 ing been of the greater!: honour. 
 
 Anaxa'bia, a nymph who difappeared in the temple of 
 Diana, where (he came for refuge to avoid the punilhment 
 of Apollo. 
 
 Ajnaxa'goras, a philofopher who denied the exigence 
 af the gcds. Jupiter complains in Lucian, that having 
 iarted a^ thunderbolt at Anaxagoras, Pericles had altered 
 its direction, cauling it to fall on the temple of Caftor and 
 Pollux, which reduced it to afti6s. 
 
 Anaxa'ndra, a woman that was placed among the 
 heroines of Greece, and had an altar erecled to her honour 
 n Attica. 
 
 D 
 
ANC 
 
 Anaxa'rete, a nymph of the ifland of Cyprus, for 
 whole unkindnefs her lover Iphis hanged himielf at her 
 door i and looking on this fad fpectacle without emotion 
 or. pity, (he was turned into a (tone. Ovid. 
 
 A.HCJE f vs r the Ion of Neptune and Aftypalaea, who 
 went wittj the Argonauts', and fucceeded Tiphis as pilot 
 of the- mi p Avgo. He reigned in ioma, and was once told 
 by a flave, whom he prefied with hard labour in his vine- 
 yard, that he never would taite of the produce of his vines. 
 Ancaeus laughed at this prediction, cauied a cup of it to be 
 brought immediately, and told him he was a falfe prophet. 
 Not yet, replied the (lave, for many things fall out be-'^ 
 'tween the cup and the lip. Juft then he was informed that 
 a wild boar had entered his vineyard ; upon which he threw 
 down^the cup, and ran to drive away the animal, but wafl 
 •fjain in the attempt. 
 
 Anchi'ses, a Trojan prince, fon of Capys, and father 
 of ^neas, by the goddefs Venus. In his youth he fed 
 cattle at the foot of mount Ida. After the burning of; 
 Troy, he could not fly from the city on account of his 
 age : and therefore ./Eneas carried him on his back. He 
 bore his houfehold gods along with him, and died in Sicily, 
 where his fon ere6ted a magnificent tomb to his memory. 
 
 Anchu'rus, a Jon of Midas, king of Phrygia, wh< 
 fieri need himielf for the good of his country. The earth 
 having opened and fwallowed up many buildings, the 
 oracle was confulted, which gave for anfvver, that the gulf 
 would never ciofe, if Midas did not throw into it whaa 
 ever he had molt precious. The king parted with many 
 things of immenfe value, yet the earth continued open, tilt 
 Anchurus thinking himielf the molt precious of 'his father" 1 ! 
 ponefHons, leaped into the gulf, which doled immediately 
 Midas erected there an altar of (tones to Jupiter, and thai 
 altar was the firft object which he turned into glod, when 
 be had received his fata! gift from the gods. This unpo 
 iifixd lump of gold exilted in the age of Plutarch. 
 
 Anci'lxa, were facred bucklers, which were formerly 
 kept in the temple of M»rs. They were carried in pio-f 
 cefiicn every year about Rome in March, and on the la(i| 
 day of that month they were depofited therein again. 
 
 Andro'clea, a daughter of Aniiponoeus of Thebes* 
 
ANG 
 
 Iwho with her fitter Alcida, faciinced thefr lives for the 
 jfervice of their country, when the orade had promifed a 
 victory to the Thebans, who were engaged in a war againfl 
 Orchomenos, if any one of noble birth devoted birnielf to 
 the feryice of the nation. They received great honours 
 after deadi : and Hercules, who fought on the fide of 
 Thebes, dedicated to them the image of a lion in the tem- 
 ple of Diana. Pauf. 
 
 Andro'geus, ion of Minos and Pafiphae, was famous 
 for his (kill in wreftling. He svas ilain by the Athenians, 
 becaufe he-was fuperior to them in activity. Minos, to be 
 revenged on thefe people, obi'ged them to expoie every 
 year feven young maids, and (even young men to the cru- 
 elty of the Minotaur, to ierve him for food. 
 
 Androgy'n^:, a people of Africa, beyond the Na- 
 famones, who were faid to be hermaphrodites. 
 
 Andro ; mache, the daughter of Eetion king of Thebes, 
 wife of Hector, and mother of Aftyanax, After the fiege 
 of Troy, {he fell to the (hare of Pytrbus, who took her 
 into Epirus, and treated her as his wife. Pyrrhus being 
 dead, me married Heienos, fo» of Priam. Andromache 
 was fo fond of Hector, that me was alv^pys talking of him, 
 and fee erected a magnificent tomb for him in Epirus, which 
 caufed a great deal of jea}o\ify and aceafeneis to thoie that 
 married her. . 
 
 Andro'meda, the daughter of Cephews and Caffiope, 
 king and queen of ^Ethiopia, whofe mother 4 was fo raih as 
 to think herfelf and daughters more beautifol iba» junoand 
 the Nereides, Juno, by way of punishment, condemned 
 Andromeda to be chained to a rock by the Nereides, and 
 expofed naked j in order to be devoured by a fea monfter; 
 butPerfeus mounted on theborfe Pegafns, as he was pa Sing 
 by, faw Andromeda in this condition, and the raoniier ap- 
 pearing, he mowed him the head of Medufa, which turned 
 him to ftone j upon which the princefs was rendered back 
 to her father, who married her to Perfeus. Some fay that 
 Minerva made Andromeda a coaftellatios m heavea after 
 her death. 
 
 A'ngelo, the daughter of Jupiter and Juno, wbo was 
 faid to have ftolen her mother's cofmetic, to make a pre&ai 
 D 2 
 
ANT 
 
 of it to Europa. She made ufe of it with fuch fuccefs, that 
 fhe became extremely fair. 
 
 Angero'nia, a goddefs of filence, whom the Romans 
 invoked to obtain the art of being filent at proper times. 
 She is faid to have prefided over councils, becaufe fecrefy 
 is required therein. She is reprefented under the figure of 
 a woman holding her finger to her mouth. 
 
 Ani'grides, nymphs, who inhabited the banks of the 
 river Anigrus. They had a cave where thole afflicted with 
 a leprofy, or any other cutaneous difeafe, entered, and fa- 
 criflced to thofe nymphs ; after which they fwam over the 
 river, and left all their impurities behind them. 
 
 Ani'grus, a river of ThefTaly, where the Centaurs 
 warned the wounds they had received from Hercules, and 
 made the waters unwholefome. Ovid. 
 
 Ani'tus, a name of Diana, under which fhe was wor- 
 shipped at Ecbatana, according to Plutarch. 
 
 AniUS, king of the illand of Delos, and high prieft of 
 Apollo. He had three daughters, Oeno, Spermo, and 
 Eiars, to whom Bacchus gave the power of changing 
 whatever they pleafed into wine, corn, and oil. When 
 Agamemnon went to the Trojan war, he wifhed to carry 
 them with him to fupply his army with provifjons ; but 
 they complained to is.rchus, who changed them into doves. 
 Ovid. Dionyf. Hal. 
 
 Anna, the filler of Pygmalion and Dido, followed her 
 filter into Africa. After the death of Dido, /he retired to 
 Maltha, from whence Pygmalion would have carried her 
 away j but (he got fafe into Italy, where iEneas gave her 
 honorable reception, for the kindnefs fhe had fhown him 
 when he was at Carthage. However, Lavinia, the wife 
 of ./Eneas, contrived her death ; and being informed of 
 this by her filter in a dream, fhe fled to the river Numicius, 
 of whfch fhe became a nymph. Virgil. 
 
 Anna Perenna, was an indultrious old woman, who 
 daily carried cakes to the Roman people when they had re- 
 tired into mount Aventine; in acknowledgment of which, 
 (he was in high efteem ever after, and according to Varro, 
 had feftivals inftituted to her honour, on the ides of March. 
 He places her in the fame rank with Pales and Ceres. 
 r Antj?e'us, a famous giant, ion of Neptune and Terra. 
 
ANT 
 
 He lived in a defert, designing to maflacre all paflengers, 
 becaufe he had made a vow to build a temple to Neptune 
 with human fkulls. Hercules fought with this giant, 
 and tluew him on the ground three times to no purpofe j 
 for Terra, his mother, gave him frefti ftrength as oft as he 
 touched het j wherefore the hero lifted him up in the air, 
 and crufhed him to death in his arms. 
 
 Anta'ndrcs, a city and port of Troas, where iEneas 
 built his fleet after the deftruction of Troj. There is a 
 hill in its neighbourhood called Alexandria, where Paris 
 fat, as fome i'uppofe, when the three rival goddeffes ap- 
 peared bef >re him contending for the prize of beauty. 
 
 Ante'nor, a Trojan prince, who was laid to have be- 
 trayed his country, beca uTe he concealed UlylTes in his houfe. 
 He had three Ions, all killed at the fiege of Troy $ and after 
 the deltiuclion of his country, he migrated to Italy, where 
 he built a citv, now called Padua. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 A'nteros, a fon of Mars and Venus, and a deity that 
 puniflaed flighted love. Mars perceiving that Cupid did 
 not grow, he demanded the realbn of Themis, who told 
 him it was becaule he had not a companion 5 upon which fire 
 gave him Antercs, with whom Cupid began to grow. 
 They are often reprefented like two children, with wings- 
 on their moulders, and ft riving for the branch of a palm- 
 tree, to teach us that true love always endeavours to over- 
 come by kmdnefs and gratitude. 
 
 Axti'clea, the mother of UlyfTcS. It is faid that /he 
 was ravifhed by Sifyphus, and was pregnant of UlyfTes, 
 when (he married Laertes ; and that fhe killed herfelf when 
 fhe heard a falfe report of her fon's death. 
 
 Anticy'ra, a town of Phocis, famous for the helle- 
 bore which it produced, and it had a temple of Neptune. 
 
 Anti'gone, a daughter of ^dipus king of Thebes, 
 by his mother Jocafta. She buried by night her brother 
 Polynices, contrary to the orders of Creon, who when he 
 heard it, ordered her to be buried alive : fhe however ftrang- 
 led herlelf ; and iEmon, who was to have married her, 
 killed himfelf on her grave. Apollo. O-vid. A daughter of 
 Laomedon, and filler of Priam. She was changed into a 
 ftork for comparing herfelf to Juno. 0<vid. 
 
 Anti'lochus, a fon of Neftor and Eurydice, who ac« 
 
AON 
 companied his fatTier to the fiege of Troy, and was killecl 
 by Memnon, in parrying the blow that was aimed at his 
 father. 
 
 Antima'chus, a Greek poet of Ionia, reckoned the 
 next to Homer in excellence. He wrote a poem upon the 
 Theban war j and before he had brought his heroes to the 
 city of Thebes, he had filled 24 volumes. Pauf. A fon: 
 of Hercules by one of the Theitiades. JpoIIod. 
 
 Anti'nqus, a young man, favourite of the emperor 
 Adrian, who being drowned in the Nile, that prince placed 
 him in the rank of the gods, and wifhed it to be believed 
 that he had been changed into a conftellation j be alio built 
 a city to his honour, calling it Antinopolis, arid in it a 
 magnificent temple. — The name of one of Penelope's mi- 
 ters, who advifed his companions to deftroy Telemachus 5 
 and even {buck Ulyfles, when he came to the palace in a 
 beggar's drefs, imploring for bread. 
 
 Anti'ope, the daughter of Nycleus, king of Thebes, 
 who was carried away by Epopeos, king of Sicyon. After 
 the dealb of her father, {he was recovered by her uncle Ly- 
 cos, who mairied her, but foon divorced her to m~.rry 
 Dree. Soon aft r her repudiation (he became pregnant 
 by Jupiter, who enjoyed her in the likenefs of a fatyv ; and 
 Dirce iiifpecling that her hufband ftill kept the company of 
 Antiope, confined her in a prifon, from whence fhe efcapeci 
 to mount Cytheron, and was there delivered of Zethus and 
 Amphion, who afterward avenged her wrongs upon Ly - 
 cus and Dirce. — A daughter of Mars, queen of the Ama- 
 zons, who married Thefeus, and had a fon by him called 
 Hippolytus. She is a Ho called Hippolyte. 
 
 Anti'phates, king of the Lieftrigones, who were 
 faid to be cannibals. Ulyfles returning from Troy, came 
 upon hiscoafts, and fent three men to examine the country. 
 Antiphates devoured one of them, and purfued the others, 
 and funk the fleet of Ulyfles with ftones, except the (hip in 
 which Ulyfles was. Ovid. 
 
 Anu'bis, a god of the ./Egyptians, reprefented in the 
 fhape of a man with the head of a dog. 
 
 Aon, a fon of Neptune, who came f;om Apulia to 
 Boeotia, where he collected the inhabitants, and reigned 
 
' . APO 
 
 over them. They were called Aones, and the coantry 
 Aonia, from him. 
 
 Ao'nides, a name of the mufes, becaufe the eoimtty 
 Aonia was more particularly frequented by them, 
 
 Ao'rnus, a poifonous. lake of Campania, called alfo 
 Avernus. 
 
 Apatu'ria, a name of Pallas, and of Venus, both 
 war and love being; great .deceivers. Fefrivals obferved by 
 the Athenians in honour of Bacchus, ietting forth how 
 greatly men are deceived by wine. 
 
 Apenni'nus, a ridge oi' high mountains which mn 
 through the middle of Italy, from the Alps, almott be- 
 tween Tyrene and the Adriatic fea j they extend alrooft fix 
 hundred miles. 
 
 Apke'a, a deity worfljipped by the Cretans. Piridar 
 compoled an ode to her honour, who bad a temple in the 
 iMe of Crete. 
 
 Aphrodi/te, the Greek name of Venus, wha is fald 
 to have been born of the froth of the ocean j and tier fel- 
 tivals were called A phrodina. 
 
 Apis, the fonofPhoroneus,andkingof the Argives, who 
 received divine honours after death. Some have imagined 
 that he went into Egypt with a colony of Greeks, and that 
 after death he was worshipped under the name of S^aphisj 
 but others iupjoie it was his nephew and fucceffor Argus 
 that went there and took the name of Ofiris,— A god of' 
 the Egyptians, worshipped in the form of an ox j the 
 word in their language Signifying that animal. Some fay 
 that Ofiris and Ifis are the deities honoured under this name, 
 becauil- during their reign they taught the Egyptians agri- 
 culture. The Egyptians believed that the ipui of Ofsris 
 departed into the ox, where it wiihed to dwell : beeaufe 
 that animal had been of the moll effential fervice in cultivat- 
 ing the ground, which Qfiris had introduced into Egypt., 
 
 Apo'llo, ion of Jupiter and Latona, and brother of 
 Diana ; they called him Phoebus in heaven, beeaufe he 
 conducted the chariot of the -fun, drawn by four borfes. 
 He was efteemed the god of poetry, mufic, and the liberal 
 arts. He put himfelf at the head of the nine Mules, and 
 dwelt with them on the mounts of Parnaffos, Helicon, 
 Pierus, the banks of Hippocrene and PermeffuSj atUar* 
 
AQU 
 
 the winged horfe Pegafus generally fed. Jupiter having 
 killed ./Efculapius, with a thundeibolt, becauie he had 
 raifed Hippolytus from the dead, Apollp. killed the Cy- 
 clops, becaufe they had fumiihed . him with- bolts j upon 
 this he was driven out of heaven, and during his exile, he 
 retired to AdmetuS, king of ThefTaly, whofe^flocks he kept 
 when Mercury came to deal feme away j and when he 
 looked for his bow and arrows to fhoot the thief, he per- 
 ceived they were gone. After this, not knowing what to 
 do, he wer.t with Neptune to nuke bricks, w th which 
 Laomedon built the walls of Troy, but received no reward? 
 When the wafers of Deucalion's flood were retired, he 
 killed the ferpent Python (generated out of the mud) which 
 ravaged the country. The fkin of this animal ferved to 
 cover the tnpod on which PythoniHa fat to give her oracles. 
 The moft famous places where they were delivered, were 
 at Delphi, Delos, Claios, Tenedos, Cyrrha, and Patan. 
 His moft fuperb and famous temple was at Delphi. His 
 rniftrcfles were Clymei'e,' Leucothoe, Nersea, Clitia, and 
 many others. One day as he pur hied Daphne, and not 
 being able to overtake her, he changed her into a laurel. 
 The cock, the hawk, the laurel, the olive, &c. were con- 
 fecrated to him ; becaufe thole, of whom he was amorous 
 were changed into thole thing?. He is always repre- 
 fented as a handlbme beardlels young rr*n, with long 
 hair, holding in his hand a bow, and lometimcs a lyre j 
 his head is generally furrounded with beams of light j and 
 fometimes he is painted fitting on a c:u- drawn by four 
 horles prancing along the zodiac. 
 
 Apo'myus, a furname given to Jupiter by the Elasans, 
 in memory of his having driven away the flies that incom- 
 moded them. 
 
 Apothe'osjs, a ceremony performed by the Romans, 
 when they were dcfirous of railing their emperors to the 
 rank of gods; after which they erected temples and altars 
 to their honours-. 
 
 Appi'ades, a name given to thefe five deities, Venus, 
 Pallas, Veda, Concord, and Peace ; becaufe they had a 
 temple near the Appian waters, at Rome. Ovid. 
 
 Aqua'rius, one of the twelve conlfelhtions of the 
 zodiac, leprelented by the figure of a youth with a water- 
 pot. 
 
ARC 
 
 pot. Some fuppofe that Ganymede was changed into this 
 confteliation. 
 
 A'cvuilo, the northearf wind, which is boifterous and 
 extremely cold. The poets lay he was the Ton of JEo\v.s 
 and Aurora, and that he had the tail of a ferpent, and 
 wh;te hair. 
 
 Ara'chne, a woman of Colophon, who was a curious 
 embroiderer, and had the boldnefs to challenge Minerva in 
 making a piece of tapeftry. - The goddefs, offended wi;h 
 her ralhnefs, broke her looms, and changed her into a 
 fpider. 0=vid. 
 
 Ara'tus, a Greek poet of Cilicia, greatly efteemed by 
 Antigonus Gonatus king of Macedonia. He wrote a poem 
 on afircnomy, in which he gives an account of the fitua- 
 tion, number, and motion of the (tars : he alfo wrote 
 hymns and epigrams, &c. Cicero. 0<vid. 
 
 Arbitrator, a name of Jupiter, who had a portico 
 err£ted at Rome, with five columns, under the name of 
 Jupiter Arbitrator. 
 
 Arca'dia, an inland country of Peloponnefus, noted 
 for its mountains and excellent paftures. It received its 
 name from Areas fon of Jupiter, and is exceedingly fa- 
 mous for the many fables it occafioned. The god Pan 
 was more honoured than any other, becaufe he was'faid 
 never to go out of it. 
 
 Arcas, fon of Jupiter and Callifto, who nearly killed 
 his mother, whom Juno had changed into a bear. He 
 reigned in Pelafgia, which from him was called Arcadia, 
 and after his death, Jupiter made him a conftellation, called 
 the Little Bear, .laced in heaven near his mother. 
 
 Arche'morus, fon of L-ycurgus, king of Nemsea, in 
 Thrace. Being ploced upon a parfley plant by Hypfipyle 
 his nurfe, while me went to (how a fountain to the princes 
 who were going to befiege Thebes, he was killed by a 
 ferpent, which the princefs deltroyed, and a fountain role 
 out of the ground beneath Archemorus. Adraftus and 
 the other princes were fo afflicted at this accident, that they 
 inltituted games in honour of Archemorus, called Nemaean, 
 which weie celebrated every three years : the combatants 
 put tbemfeives in mourning, and the viclors we.e crowned 
 with parfley. Pauf. 
 
AUG 
 
 Archigallus, the chief of the prrefis of Cybele. 
 He was commonly of a great family, and was clothed like 
 a woman. 
 
 Archi'lochus, a poet of Paros, and the fir It who in- 
 troduced iambics in his verfes. He cou ted Neobule, the 
 daughter of Lycambus, and received promifes oft marriage ^ 
 but the father gave her to another, fuperror to the poet in 
 rank and fortune $ upon which Archilochus wrote fuch a 
 bitter fatire, that they boih hanged themfelves. Some 
 fragments of his poetry remain, which difplay vigour and 
 animation, boldnefs and vehemence, in the higheit degree ; 
 from which reafon, perhaps, Cicero calls virulent edifts, 
 Archilochia edifta, — A fon of Neftor, killed by Memnon 
 in the Trojan war. 
 
 Archi'tis, the name of Venus, who was worfhipped 
 on mount Libanus. 
 
 Arc HON, the name of the chief magiftrate at Athens^ 
 who performed the office of high pried. 
 
 A'rdalus, a fon of Vulcan, faid to have been the firfl j 
 who invented the pipe, and that he gave it to the Mufes. 
 
 Arda'lides, a furnameof the Mufes, taken from Ar- I 
 dalus, fon of Vulcan, whom they held in great honour. 
 
 Abes, the Greek name of Mars. Hence 
 
 Areopa'gus, or the hill of Mars, a famous tribunal 
 at Athens, fo called becaufe the firft caufe tried there was 
 that of Mars for the murder of Halirrhotius. The, judges 
 were called Areopagites. 
 
 Arethu'sa, a companion of Diana, who was meta- 
 morphofed into a fountain when (he fled from Aipheus. It 
 was (he that difcovered the rape of Proferpine to Ceres. 
 Her waters run into Sicily, and are mixed with thofe of 
 Aipheus. Ovid. A daughter of Hefperus, and one of 
 the Helper ides. Apollod. 
 
 ■ ARGiE'us, the lbn of Licymnius, was carried away by 
 Hercules, who promifed his father to bring him back: but 
 the young map dying on his journey, Hercules burnt his 
 body and reduced it to afhes, which he brought back to 
 his father. It is faid this is the firft inftance of burning 
 dead bodies. 
 
 A'rgea, a feftival celebrated by the vsftal virgins every 
 
ARG 
 
 iyesr on the idss of May, during which they threw into the 
 Tiber human figures made of rn flies. 
 
 A'rgia, the daughter of Adraftus, and wife of Poly- 
 nice?, whofe body (he went to feek with Antigone 'o pay 
 her lair duty; this irritated Creon fo much that he killed 
 them both, and Argia was metamorphofed into a fountain 
 of that name. 
 
 Argi'va, a furname of juno^ among the Argivi, by 
 whom (he was greatly honoured. 
 
 Argi'vi, or Argives, the inhabitants of the city of 
 Argos, and the neighbouring country. This iwme is in- 
 diicriminately applied by the poets to all the inhabitants of 
 Greece. ■ - 
 
 Argo, the name of the (hip in which the Argonauts 
 failed to bring away the Golden Fleece. It is laid to' be 
 the firft veifel that ever failed upon the lea. It was called 
 Argo, from Argus, a famous architect, who built it of 
 the oaks of Dodonia's forelt. The poets have made it a 
 confrellation in heaven. 
 
 A'r.golis, a provneeof Peloponnefus, between Arca- 
 dia and the JEgean fea, whofe chief city was called Argos. 
 
 Argon, the fon of Aicaeus, and one of the Heraclides, t 
 who reigned in Lydia 505 years before Gyges. 
 
 A'rgonauts, the princes of Greece, lb called* who 
 undertook to recover the Golden Fleece, and for that pur- 
 pole made a voyage to Colchis in the (hip Argo. It is laid 
 they were fifty-two in number, exciufive of their attendants, 
 and Jafon was acknowledged as chief. The time of this 
 fuccefsful event is laid to be thirty-five years before the 
 fisge of Troy. 
 
 Argos, a famous city, capital of A'golis in Pelopon- 
 pelus, whole tutelar goduefs was Juno. It is fometimes 
 put for Greece in general. 
 
 Argus, a fon of Ariftor, faid by the poets to have a 
 hundred eyes, of which fifty were always open while the 
 others flepr. Juno trufted him with the keeping of Io, who 
 had been turned into a cow ; but Mercury piped him to 
 fleep with his flute, and then killed him. Juno after his 
 death changed him into a peacock.— A fon of Jupiter, by 
 Niobe daughter of Phoroneus king of the Argives. He 
 reigned at Argos, and firit tilled the lands of Greece. He is 
 
ARI 
 
 fuppofed toJiave patted into Egypt with a colony of Greeks, 
 where he civUized the Egyptians, taught them agriculture, 
 and was their king under the name of Ofiris } and that af- 
 ter death he became their god Apis. — A famous architect, 
 ion of Danaus, who invented and built the (hip Argo. 
 
 Argy'ra, a nymph of Theflaly, who was ve<y fond 
 of the ihephtrd Selimnus, and was no lefs beloved by him. 
 This lad being almoft withered away with grief, Venus 
 changed him into a river, and the nymph imo a fountain, 
 which, like Alpheus and Arethufa, mingle their waters : 
 however, at length Selimnus forgot Argyia, and from that 
 time had the viitue of curing thole in love, when they either 
 drank or bathed in his waters. 
 
 Aria'dne, daughter of Minos, king of Crete,, by 
 Pafiphae. She was fo liruck with the charms of f hefeus, 
 who whs going to be devoured by the Minotaur, that (he 
 gave him a ball of thread, by which means he got out of 
 the labyrinth after he had vanquiihed that monlter. She 
 afterward ran away with him, and he married her accord- 
 ing to his promile j but he abandoned her, and left her on 
 a rock in the ifle of Nuxos, where, after bewailing her 
 misfortune for fome time, (he became the pricftefs of Bac- 
 chus. According to fome writers, Bacchus loved her afer 
 Thefeus had forlaken her, and gave her a crown with feven 
 ftars, which after her death was made a conltellation in 
 heaven. 
 
 Aiu'ciA, a princefs of the blood royal at Athens, and 
 the only remains of the unhappy family of the Pallatides, 
 whole kingdom Thefeus had ufurped. A fmall town of 
 Li'ium was called after her name, and was built by her 
 hoiband Hippolytus in the Appian way, ten miles from 
 Rome. 
 
 A'ries, the firft of the twelve conftellations of the zo- 
 diac. See Phryxus. 
 
 Ari'on, a famous lyric poet and mufician, of Methym- 
 na, in the ifle of Lefbos. He went into Italy, where he 
 obtained much wealth, and then wifhed to revifit his coun- 
 try: on his pafTage the Tailors were going to kill him for 
 his money ; when he begged leave before he died to play a 
 tune upon his lute, at the found of which the dolphins 
 Socked round the \zffzlj upon which he threw himfclf 
 
ARM 
 
 into the lea, and one of the dolphins carried him to Taena- 
 rus, whence he hafjened to the court of Periandcr, who 
 ordered all the tailors to be crucified at their return. Hero- 
 dotus. The name of one of the horfes of Adraftus, which 
 wa§ laid to be the Ion of Neptune and Ceres, or of the 
 wind Zephyr and a Harpy. He was brought up by the 
 Nereides, and fometimes drew the car of Neptune. He 
 bad the feet of a man, and the ufe of fpeech, as authors 
 pretend. , 
 
 ARiST.ffi'us, a fon of Apollo by Cyrene, who married 
 Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus, by whom he had Actaeon. 
 He was greatly in love with Eurydice, wife of Orpheus, 
 who, flying from him in the fields, was bit by a ierpent 
 and died immediately. The nvmphs, grieved' at this mis- 
 fortune, killed all the bees of A'iftaeus. His mother ad- 
 yifed him to conililt Proteus, who counfeiled him to appeafe 
 the manes of Eurydice, by facrificing four bulls and four 
 leifers, out of the entrails of which proceeded feveral 
 fwarms of bees. Ariftaeus was reckoned a god after his 
 death, and appeared leveral times to the mepherds, who 
 milt temples to his honour. Virgil. 
 
 Aristke'nes, a goatherd who lived on mount Tit- 
 hion, near E> idaurus. One day as he was counting his 
 goats, he miffed one, together with his dog ; and going to 
 jeek them, he found the goat employed in fuckling a child. 
 Hie was going to carry it away, but as foon as he drew 
 iiear, it was furrounded with light, from which he imagined 
 here was forr.ethirg fupernatural in the cafe. It happened 
 be ^iculapius, whom Coronis had been delivered of in 
 his place. 
 
 Aristo'phanes, a celebrated poet of Athens, who 
 k/rote fifty- four comedies, of which only eleven are come 
 own to us. The wit a^d excellence of his comedies are 
 veil known, but they abound fometimes too much with 
 3fcenity. He has been called the prince of ancient co- 
 medy, as Menander of the new. 
 
 Ari'us, one of the principal Centaurs, who fought with 
 he Lapithaa. 
 
 Arma'ta, a furname of Venus, To called by the Lace^ 
 semonians, becaufe her image was reprefented in armour. 
 Arm£\\us, one of the Argonauts, and of Thefiaiisra 
 E 
 
■i 
 
 ARU 
 
 origin* From him the country of Armenia received its j 
 
 name. 
 
 Armilu'strium, a feftival celebrated by the Romans I 
 in the field of Mars, on the nineteenth day of October, in 
 which they offered facrifices for the prolberity of the arm$ | 
 of the Roman empire. 
 
 Arna, aprincels of Athens, who was metamorphofe4 j 
 into an owl, for defigning to betray her country in favour i 
 of Minos. 
 
 Arne, a daughter of JEoln*., who gave her name to 
 a town in Theffaly, and to another in Bceotia. Neptune 
 <ch r.ge:! himlelf into a bull to enjoy her company. 
 
 Arnus, a famous fbothfayer, who went to Nau-pa&e, 
 and was taken for a Ipy by a giandfon of Hercules, an<l 
 flam 5 unon which the plague began to rage among the 
 inhabitants, and the oracle, being confulted, aniwered, 
 that they mult expiate the death ofArnus, by banifhi 
 the murderer, and inftirute funeral games to the honour 
 the deceafed ; which was accordingly done. 
 
 A'rriphe, one of Diana's nymphs of great beauty, 
 who was ravifhed by Tmolus, king of Lydia, at the fool |! 
 of one of Diana's altar* : upon which fhe killed herfelf. I 
 
 Arsa'ces,' the founder of the Parthian empire. Aftttjj 
 death ne was made a god of his nation, and all his fucceffors ! 
 were called, in honour of his name, Arfacidaej and th< 
 Parthians themfelves are fo named by the poets. 
 
 Arsi'noe, the fifter and wife of Pioloinaeus Philadel- ' 
 p'.v+s. She dic-d very young, and her hufband, to prefem 
 her memory, built a temple to her honour. Pliny affirms,! 
 that the roof of the temple was made of a loadrlone, bj 
 which her rlatue was fufpended. — A city of Egypt, fe'aie 
 ne'ar the lake Moeris, whole inhabitants held crocodiles 
 great veneration. 
 
 A'rtemis, the Greek name of Diana, whofe feftival 
 called Artemifia, were celebrated particularly at Delphi. 
 
 Arva'les, a name given to twelve prieits who prefide 
 over the facrifices offered to Ceres for the fruits of 
 earth. According to feme, they were defcended from t! 
 twelve fons of Acca Laurentia, who fuckled Romuh 
 See Ambarvalia. 
 
 Aru'ntius, a m3n who defpifed the rites of Baccln 
 
AST 
 for which the god made him drink Co much wine that he 
 loft his reafon, and abnfed his own daughter Medulina, 
 who was lb exaiperated that me killed her father for acting 
 £> difhonourably to her virtue. 
 
 Asca'laphus, the Ion of Acheron and Nox, who 
 sfifcovering that Proferpine had eaten fruit in hell, hindered 
 feer return, and was in revenge by her turned into an owl, 
 a. bird which Minerva took under her protection. Jupiter 
 fead promifed that Proferpine mould return back to the 
 light again, upon condition me had not ate any thing in 
 the (hades below. 0<v'td. The fon of Mars and Altyoche, 
 who was one of the Argonauts, and who conducted the 
 Beeotians in thirty {hips to the fiege of Troy. He was 
 tilled by Deiphobu?. Homer. 
 
 AscA r Nius, the only fon of ./Eneas and Creufa, after- 
 ward called Julus. He was carried by his father, when 
 joung, into Latium, where he founded the city of Alba. 
 
 Ascle'pia, a feftival in honour of Bacchus, which was 
 celebrated throughout all Greece, efpecially in Epidaurus. 
 It is alio the name of another feftival in honour of JEku^- 
 fepras. 
 
 Asco'LrA, a feftival in honour of Bacchus, celebrated 
 fcy the Athenian huibandmen, who generally facrificed a 
 goat to the god, becaufe that animal is a great enemy to 
 the vine. They made a bottle of the fkin of the victim, 
 which being filled wita oil and wine, they afterward leaped 
 upon it, and he who could ftand on it firft was victorious, 
 and received the bottle as a reward. 
 
 A sia, a nymph more ufuaUy called Clymene, daugh- 
 ter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Japetus. She gave 
 6er name to one of the three parts of the ancient globe. 
 Jfiollod. 
 
 Aso'pus, a fon of Oceanus and Tethys, three of whole 
 daughters are particularly celebrated, iEgma, Salamis, 
 and Ifmene. He was changed into a river by Jupiter, 
 whom he defigned to make war againft, becaule that god 
 &ad abufed his daughter .iEgina. 
 
 Assa'racus, a Trojan prince, fon of Tros by Cal- 
 iirhoe, and father to Cap) s. 
 
 Asta'rte, a'great goddefs of the Syrians, under which 
 name they worfhipped the moon. 
 
AST 
 
 Aste'rja, the daughter of Ceus, married to Peries, 
 fan of Crius, by whom Ihe had the celebrated Hcstj, 
 She enjo5'ed the favours of Jupiter, under the form of an 
 eagle ; but being afterward angry with her, Cue was 
 changed into a quail. Ovid. 
 
 AsTEROPiE'us, the fon of Pelegon, and king of 
 Paermia, who, being at the fiege of Troy, was (lain by 
 Achilles. 
 
 A'sterope, a daughter of Arias, rrd one of the 
 Pleiades. — A daughter of Pelias, who arfitied her fillers to 
 kill her aged father, whom Medea promised to reltore to 
 his youth. 
 
 Astr^'a, a daughter of Aftrseus and Aurora, or as 
 others fay of Jupiter and Therrjis. She was called Juftice, 
 of which virrue fhe was the goddefs. The poets fay that 
 fhe lived on earth during the golden age ; but the wicked- 
 nefs of mankind drove her to heaven in the brazen and iron 
 age, where flie was placed in the zodiac, becoming the 
 constellation Virgo. She is represented holding a l'wdrd in 
 one hand, and a pair of fcales in the orher, having her eyes 
 bound with a fillet. 
 
 Astr^'us, one of the Titans, huiband to Aurora, 
 and father of the winds and ftars. Perceiving that his 
 brothers had declared war againft Jupiter, he armed the 
 winds on his fide : but Jupiter plunged them under the 
 waters, and Aftraeus was changed into a (for. 
 
 Asty'anax, the only fon of Heclor and Andromache. 
 This young prince gave great inquietude to the Greeks 
 after the taking of Troy. Calchas advifed them to throw 
 riim from the top of a high tower, becaule he might one 
 day revenge the death of He6ior, and rebuild the walls of 
 Troy. Ulyfies went in fearch of him j but it is pretended 
 they gave him another child in his room, and that Ailya- 
 nax was laved by his mother; likewife, that he afterward 
 went into Germany, where he fettled. Virgil. Natalis 
 Comes. 
 
 Astyda'mia, daughter of Amyntor, and wife of 
 Acaftus. She became enamoured of Peleus, who had 
 vifited her hufband's court; and becaufe he refilled to 
 gratify her pafiion, flieaccufed him of attempting her virtue. 
 See A<j astus. 
 
ATH 
 
 Asty'lus, one of the Centaurs, who hat! the know- 
 ledge of futurity. He advii'cd his brothers not to make war 
 I again ft the Lapithae. Oi'id. 
 
 Asty'nome, the daughter of Chryfes, the pri.it of 
 Apollo, from whom me is generally called Chr.yseis. 
 
 Asty'oche, a daughter of Actor, who had by Mars 
 two fons, Al'calapus and Ialmenus, who were at' the Tro- 
 jan war. Homet\ 
 
 Atala'nta, the daughter of Jafius, king of Arcadia, 
 by Climena, and wife of Meleager, by whom (he had 
 Parthenope- Her father being only defirous of male chil- 
 dren expofed hev as loon as born, but Hie was fuckled by 
 a bear and prefeived. She was very fond of hunting, and 
 was the firfl that wounded the wild boar of Calydon, and 
 received the ikin from the hand of Meleager before they 
 vere married. Ovid. The daughter of Schaeneus, king 
 of Scyros, remarkable for her beauty, and fwiftnefs in 
 ittnnrng. On confulting the oracle, whether me mould 
 many or not, fhe was told that marriage would be fatal 
 to her. She was fought in maniage by fevera! young 
 princes, and to free herfeff from their importunities, (he 
 propofed to run a race with them ; he who arrived at the 
 goal befo.e her, fhould be her bufband, but thofe who were 
 beaten by her fhould i>e put to death. This being agreed 
 to, many fuflered the lol-j of their lives ; but Hippomenes 
 obtained her hy the help of Venus, who advifed him to 
 throw down the golden apples Hie gave him, as they were 
 running, which cauled Atahmta to go out of the way to 
 pick them up, and ib he got the race. At length they 
 were metamorphofed into a 1 on and lionefs. 
 
 Ate, the geddeis of all evil, and daughter of Jupiter, 
 who banifihed htr for ever from heaven, and lent her to 
 dwell on earth, where (he took pleafure in bringing mis- 
 fortunes upon mankind. She is the fame as Difcoidia of 
 the Latins. 
 
 Aterga'tis, a goddefs of the Syrians, fuppofed to be 
 the mother of Semiramis. She had, according to Lucian, 
 the face and head of a woman, and all the reft of her body 
 was like a rifh. 
 
 A'thamas, a king of Theflaly, and frij of ^Solus. 
 By his wife Nephele, he had two children, Phryxus and 
 E 3 
 
ATL 
 Helle, and afterward he married Ino, by whom he had 
 Learchus and Melicerta. See Themisto. Ino treated the 
 children of Nephele fo ill, that to get away from her they 
 mounted the ram with a golden fleece, in order to fwim over 
 the Hellefpont 5 but Helle was drcwned, and gave her name 
 to that (trait. Jnno, angry with Ino on th's account, made 
 Athamas run mad, who taking Ino to be a lionef--, and her 
 children whelps, he was the death of them. See Ino. 
 
 Athe'na, a name of Minerva among the Greeks, be- 
 caufe (lie never fucked the breaft of* a mother or nurfe 5 or, 
 as Plato thinks, from her (kill in divine affairs. 
 
 Athens, the capital city of Attica, once the mo ft fa- 
 mous in the world fcr learning. It was founded by Ce- 
 ciops, and called Cecropia,. but afterward Athenae in ho- 
 nour of Minerva, who obtained the right of giving it a 
 name in preference to Neptune. 
 
 Athos, a famous mountain, between Macedonia and 
 Thrace, now called Monte Santo. 
 
 Atla'ntides, the (even daughters of Atlas and 
 Pleione, named Maia, Electra, Taygeta, Afterope, Me- 
 mpe, Alcyone, and Ceieno ; thefe are the lame as the 
 P.eiades, and the Vergiliae. 
 
 Atla'ntii, a people of Africa, near mount Atlas, on 
 the European fide. They were, according to D^odorus, 
 the politeri: people in all Africa ; and they pretended that 
 the gods were born among them, as alio that Uranus was 
 their fh ft king. 
 
 Atlas, one of the Titans, fon of Japetus and Cly- 
 mtne. He had by Pleione (even daughters, called Atlan- 
 tides j and feven others by JEthra, called Hyades : but 
 ibme fuppofe theie two wives to be the fame perfon. He 
 was king of Mauritania, and mafter of a thoufand flocks 
 of every Kind, as alfo of beautiful gardens abounding in 
 every fpecies of fruit, which he entrufted to the care cf a 
 dragon. Being warned one day by the oracle to beware of 
 a fon of Jupiter, he became a manhater, and would receive 
 no vifits. Perleus went and was treated like the reft, which 
 exafperated him fo much that he ftole from him the apples 
 which he kept very carefully : he afterward (howed him the 
 head of Medufa, which inftantly changed him into a largo 
 mountain. This mountain, which runs aciofs the deferts 
 
AUG 
 
 of Africa, is (o high lhat the ancients imagined the heavens 
 leftect on Its top, and that Atlas fupported the world on his 
 Aouldeis. 
 
 A'treus, a fon of Pelops and Hippodamia, who being 
 irritated that TbyeHes his brother was free with iEro}>e his 
 wife, he a iked him to a fumptuous fealr, which was ferved 
 tip with the flefh of the children Thyeltes had by JE ope. 
 It is fnid that the fun retired with horror, becaufehe would 
 rot yield any light to fo detectable a ciimej for which 
 Atreus was afterward killed by iEgiUhus. 
 
 A'trides, a name given by Homer to Agamemnon and 
 Menelaus, as fons of Atreus , but Hefiod and others fay, 
 that his fon Pliithenes was their father, and that thefe prince* 
 were brought up under the eye of their grandfather. 
 
 A'trof03, the eldeir. of the three Paic;e. It was her 
 buiinefs to cut the thread of life. She was i eprefenttu in 
 a black veil, with a pair of fcifTors in her hand. 
 
 Atys, a young beautiful Phiygian, beloved by Cybele, 
 who made him her p-iielt, ,on condition that he mould live 
 ^chafte ; but breaking his vow, by < n amour with a nymj h 
 of tlie Sangaris, me made him run mad and ca Urate him- 
 itelf. The goddcfs afterward changed him into a pine. 
 
 AvtNTi'Nus, the fon of Hercuks and the priette.s - 
 Rhea. This hero, being come from Italy to the banks of 
 the river Tiber, fell in love with that prieftefs, and took 
 t>p his abode in a neighbouring mountain. Fron) rh;s 
 amour Aventinu s proceeded, *ho was brought up by Ins 
 mother in the fame place. From him came the name of 
 mount Aventine, in Rome. 
 
 Avt'RNUS, a hke of Campania, in Italy, cenfecrated 
 to Pluto, l'uch a itinking finell proceeding fiom v, that it 
 was looked upon as the gate cf hell: the birds that at- 
 tempted to fly over it were laid to have dropped down dead. 
 
 rkg-i. 
 
 Aug a, or Auge, daughter of Aleus king of Tegen, 
 who, having cohabited with Heicules, went into the wood 
 to be delivered ofTelephus. This prince, being grown 
 up, was prefened in the court of Ttuthras, king of My - 
 iia, where Auga had taken refuge to avoid her father's 
 anger. Telcphns obtained his nuothflf of the king, with a 
 defign to ma:ry her, not knowing who Ihe was 3 but on 
 
AUS 
 their going to be united, the fudden appearance of an enor-' 
 mous ferpent feparared the two lovers. Auga implored the 
 affi fiance of Hercules, and was foon informed by the god 
 that Telephus was her own ion. 
 
 Au'geas, one of the Argonauts, and afterward a king 
 of Elis. He had a ftable that would hold three thoufand 
 oxen, which had not been cleanfed for thirty years, and 
 hired Hercules to clean it, which he did by turning the 
 river Alphasus through it. Upon this there was a conteft 
 about the reward, and Hercules made Augeas 1 fen Phyleus 
 judge, who gave the caufe againlt his father, upon which 
 he was banifhed j but afterward Hercules killed the father, 
 and made the ion king. 
 
 Au'gures, certain officers at Rome, who foretold fu- 
 ture events by the flight of birds, and by mettors, as well 
 as other appearances in the heavens. 
 
 Aulis, a town and port of Bceotia, on the Negropont, 
 where the Grecian fleet was windbound, by the anger of 
 Diana, when they were going againftTioy. Homer. Owld. 
 
 Aurg'ra, the daughter of Titan and Terra; others 
 make her the daughter of Hyperion and T hia, and fome 
 fay that Pallas, fon gf Crios, was her father, whence her 
 fmname of Pallantias. She prefides over the dawn of the 
 day, and is reprefented as covered with a veil, fitting in a 
 gilt chariot drawn by white horfes, and opening with her 
 rofy fingers the gates of the eatt, pouring the dew upon 
 the earth, and making the flowers grow. She married 
 Ailijeus, by whom (lie had the winds, the liars, &c. She 
 had an amour with Tithonus, a young piince celebrated 
 for his beauty, whom flie. carried away ; but when he was 
 advanced in years, (lie left him, and changed him into a 
 graishopper. After this (he fell in love with Cephalus, 
 whom (he took a-^ay from his wife Procris, caufing them 
 to quarrel ; but he refufing her addreffes, floe fent him back 
 to his wife, and they were reconciled. She had alio an 
 intrigue with Oiion, whom (lie carried to the ifland of 
 Delos, where he was fulled by Diana's arrows. 
 
 Auson, a fbn of Ulyffes and Calyp(b, who fettled in 
 Italy, and gave his name to that country, it being an- 
 ciently called Aufonia, and the inhabitants Aufones or 
 Aufonians. 
 
B AC 
 
 Auster, the fouth wind, and one of the four principal. 
 He was the ion of Aftraeus and Aurora ; and his breath is 
 fo hot that it is pernicious to flowers and health. He is 
 the difpenfer of rain, and generally reprefented as an old 
 man with a gloomy countenance, a head covered with 
 donds, a fable vefture, and duflcy wings. 
 
 Auto'lycus, the fon of Mercury and Chione. He 
 learned the trade of thieving from this god, with the power 
 of afluming different fhapes. He was difcovered by Syfy- 
 phus in itealing cattle ; but as this man was in love with 
 his daughter Anticlea, they made up the matter. Ovid. 
 
 Automa'tia, the goddefs of chance, to whom Timo- 
 Iion, a famous Corinthian general, built a temple. 
 " Au'tonoe, a daughter of Cadmus, ' who married 
 Ariltaeus, by whom (he had Aclaeon. 
 
 Autu'mna, an allegorical deity, faid to be the goddefs 
 fruits : fhe is the fame as Pomona. 
 
 Azan, a mountain of Arcadia, confecrated toCvbde. 
 
 B 
 
 BACCH^E, prieftefTes of Bacchus, called alfo Bar- 
 cfcan.es, Balfaiides, and Thyades. 
 
 Bacchana'lia, or Ba'cchanals, feftivals in honour 
 of Bacchus, which were celebrated by all manner of de- 
 bauchery. 
 
 Baccha'ntes, thofe women who followed Bacchus m 
 his conquelis of the Indies, and who made great acclama- 
 tions every wheie to publifh his victories. During, the-* 
 ceremony of the Bacchanals and the orgies, they ran about 
 clad in ficins of tigers, with thtir h ir loofe, and with 
 torches and flambeaux in their hands, making frightful 
 cries. Euripides. 
 
 Bacchia'd/e, a Corinthian family, who affirmed they 
 T«re defcer.ded from Bacchia, the daughter c. Bacchus. 
 Thty were banifhed, and went to fettle in Sicily. 0<vid. 
 
 Bacchus, the fon of Jupiter and Semefe, whofe birth 
 is related in the following manner ; J uno, alwaj s enraged 
 
B AS 
 
 agsinft the concubines of Jupiter, in order to S->e revenged, 
 counselled Semele, in the ftiape of an old woman, tore-' 
 quire of Jupiter, by an inviolable oath, to grant her a fa- 
 vour 5 and then to aik him to come to her embraces in 
 the majeliy of a go i, as he carefied Juno. Semele obtained 
 her requeft, and would not give it up though warned 
 of the danger ; but, however, for fear that Bacchus, of 
 whom (he was then big with child, might be burned with 
 her, Jupiter opened his thigh, and put him therein, where j 
 he continued till his mother's time was accomplished : after | 
 birth he was privately put into the hands of Ino his aunt, 
 who was to take care of him with the affiftance of the Hya- i 
 des, the Hoise, and the nymphs of Nifa. When he was ij 
 grown up, -he conquered the Indies; from whence he 
 pafied into Egypt, where he taught huibandry to the in- 
 habitants, planted the firft vine, and was adored as the god 
 of wine. He punifhed Pentheus feverely, becaufe he op- 
 pofed his folemnities. He triumphed over all his enemies, 
 and overcame all dangers to which the perfecution of Juno 
 continually expofed him; for the refentments of that god- 
 defs did not only extend to the concubines of Jupiter, but 
 alfo to their children. Bacchus transformed himfelf into a 
 lion to devour the giants, who attempted to fcale heaven, 
 and was looked upon next to Jupiter, as the mod power- 
 ful ef the gods. He was fometimes reprefented with horns 
 on his head, becaufe, when he travelled, he was always 
 clothed in the fkin of a goat, an animal which they facrifke 
 to him. Sometimes he is painted fitting on a tun ; fome- 
 times on a car, drawn by tigers, lynxes, or panthers j 
 likewife often holding a cup in one hand, and m the other a 
 thyrfis, that is a fpear wrapped about with ivy or bay 
 leaves. Pauf. Ovid. 
 
 Ba'lius and Xanthus, the two horfes of Achilles ; 
 they are fiid to be boi r\ of Zephyr and Celeno. 
 
 Bapt^:, the prielh of Cotyrto, the goddefs of unclean- 
 nefsf ib called becaufe they bathed themfelves in the moit 
 effeminate manner. 
 
 Bassa'rides, priefteflfes of Bacchus : fo called from 
 BaiTarius, the furnan.ie of Bacchus. Perfius. 
 
 Bassa'rius, a furname of Bacchus. It is pretended 
 that this is the cry which was heard at the feftivals of this 
 
BEL 
 
 god y but it is mod likely that this word fignifies no more 
 than grape-gatherer. 
 
 B att us, a famous herdfman who was witnefs to the 
 theft ©f Mercury, when he ftole away forrie of Apollo's 
 cattle. Mercury gave Battus one of the lmetl: cows that he 
 bad taken, and made him promife that he mould keep this 
 matter fecret ; but not altogether confiding in him, he pre- 
 tended to retire, and came back foon after in another fhape, 
 and with another voice offering him an ox and a- cow if he 
 would tall where the cattle were that he fought : Battus 
 was templed with the bribe, and laid open the whole affair ; 
 vpon which Mercury changed him into a touchitone, which 
 di (covers the nature of the met3l rubbed upon it. 
 
 Baucis, a poor aged woman who lived with her huf- 
 hand Philemon, almort as old as herielf, in a little hut. 
 Jupiter, in a human form, accompanied with Mercury, 
 being defirous of vifittng Phrygia, was rejected by ail the 
 inhabitants of the town near which Baucis and Philemon 
 dwelt, who were the only perfons that received them with 
 hofpitality. In order to reward them, Jupiter bid them 
 follow him to the top of a high mountain ; and when they 
 looked back, they faw not only the town but all the neigh- 
 bourhood under water, except the little hut, which 
 was changed into a temple. Jupiter promifed to grant 
 them whatever they defired, and thefe good people only 
 wjfhed to be attendants in the temple, and to die both at 
 "the fame time Their wifties were accomplished ; and 
 when they arrived at a great old age, and were tired of 
 life, as they were one day talking at the gate of tne temple, 
 Philemon perceived Baucis to be turning into a lime tree, 
 and (he was aftonimed to fee Philemon changing into an 
 oak; upon which they bid each other their laft adieu. 
 Ovid. 
 
 BEBRi'ciANSj a people who left Thiace to fettle in 
 Bithynb r under pretence of giving fports and diverfions to 
 the public, they drew the people into a foreft, and maffacred 
 them in a horrible manner. Amycus their king, was 
 (lain by Pollux ar.d the Argonauts, whom they endeavoured 
 to draw into a fnaie, Strabo. Lucan. 
 
 Bel, or Belus, the founder of the city and empire of 
 Babylon, iuppofed to be the Oiiris of the ^Egyptians. 
 
BEL 
 
 After death, his fon Ninus ordered the AfTyrlans and Ba-r 
 bylonians to pay divine honours to his ftatue : and after- 
 ward the Chaldeans, and other people, worfhipped him 
 under the name of Bael. Jupiter was likewife worfhipped 
 tinder that name. 
 
 Besides 1 , the fifty daughters of Danaus, otherwrfe 
 called the Danai"des. They were called Belides from Be- 
 lus, whole grandaughters they were. They married the 
 fifty fon s of iEgyptus, but were directed by their father to 
 murder their hi>fbands on their wedding night, to which 
 ail, except Hy perm ne lira, confented. For this crime they 
 were condemned in hell to draw water out of a well, and 
 fill a tub which was full of holes. 
 
 Beliza'na, a name given by the Gauls to Minerva, 
 and to whom they facriflced human victims. 
 
 Belle'rofhon, fon of Glaucus king of Ephera, by 
 Eurymede, whole flrft name was Hipponus till he had the 
 misfortune to kill his brother Bellerus. After this murder 
 he took refuge with Proetus, king of Aigos, whole wife 
 Sthenoboea made him offers, which he rejected. She, 
 ifung with his indifference, acculed him to her hufband 
 of attempting her chaftity. However, Proetus would 
 not violate the rights of hofpitality ; and, therefore, lent 
 him imo Lycia with letters addreffed to Jobates, father of 
 Sthenoboea, with orders to put him to death. Bellerophon, 
 appiifki of their proceedings, mounted the horfe Pegafus, 
 and vanquished Chimasra, the monller that Jobates had ap- 
 pointed him to fight with. They raiftd up many other 
 enemies, over whom he triumphed, and overcame every 
 danger by his valour and prudence. He vanquished the 
 Solyrnae, the Amazons, and the Lycians ; at length he 
 married Philone the daughter of Jobates, as a reward for 
 bis valiant exploits, but not till after he had made his inno- 
 cence appear. Horner. Ovid. Propertius. 
 
 Bello'na, the goddefs of war, and lifter of Mars, 
 who prepared his car and hoifes when he went to war. 
 She is reprefented as holding a fcourge in her hand, or a 
 rod tinged with blood, with dilhevelied hair and fiery 
 eyes . Virgil. 
 
 Bellona'rii, prieffs of Bellona, who cut and flash- 
 ed their bodies with knives to appeafe her with their blood. 
 
BIT 
 
 T*he herald fet a fpear on a pillar before her temple when 
 vus proclaimed, 
 
 Belus, the molt ancient king of Babylon, and the 
 ■fcft perfon to whom an idol was let up and worihipped. 
 See Bel. 
 
 Berecy'nthia, a name of Cybele, becaufe fhe had a 
 temple on mount Berecynthus in Phrygia. 
 
 Bereni'ce, queen of Egypt, who made a vow to facri- 
 fice the hair of her head to the gods, if her hufband returned 
 vittoriou?. Her vow was heard, and fhe placed her hair 
 in the temple of Venus, which foon difippeared. Conon, 
 a celebrated a ft ion o me r, being confuhed, endeavoured to 
 perfuade her that her (acrifice was agreeable to the gods, 
 and that Jupiter had placed it among the ftars, near the 
 Great Bear: however, it is certain there is a conttellation 
 called Bernice , s Hair. 
 
 Be'rgion, a fon of Neptune. See Albion. 
 
 Bi'anor, furnamed Ocnus, was the ion of Tiberius 
 and Manto, and founded the c : ty of Mantua. There was 
 a Trojan prince of this name, who was killed by Aga- 
 memnon : and alio a Centaur, killed by Thefeus. 
 
 Biblis, a daughter tf Miletus and the nymph Cyanea, 
 who not being able to gain the affection of her brother 
 Caunus, whom (he was in love with, fhe wept fo exceeding 
 much, (hat fhe was changed into a fountain. Ovid. 
 
 Bi'formis, a furname of Bacchus, becaufe he was re - 
 preiented fometimes as an old, and fomerimes as a young- 
 man ; or, becaufe wine, of which he is the emblem, makes 
 people fometimes cheeiful, and fometimes peevifh. 
 
 Bifrons, and Bjceps, fur names of Janus, .becaufe 
 he was reprefented with two faces as acquainted with the 
 pa ft and future. 
 
 Bl'MATER, a name of Bacchus, who was fo called, be- 
 caufe Jupiter and Semele weie both a fort of mothers to 
 him. 
 
 Biston, fon of Mars and Caliirhoe, who built Bifto- 
 nia in Thrace, whence the Thracians are often called Bif- 
 tones. Herodot. Luc an. 
 
 Biton, one of two brothers famous for their piety to 
 their - mother ; for which realbn they were placed among 
 F 
 
BRI 
 
 the heroes. The inhabitants of Argos erected ftatues to n 
 their honour, and placed them in the temple of Delphos. j 
 See Cleobis. 
 
 Boli'na, a nymph of Achaia, who rejected the addref- 
 fes of Apollo, and threw herfelf into the fea to avoid his I 
 importunities. The god made her immortal. Pauf. 
 
 Bona Dea, a Roman matron, Co chafte that no man 
 ever faw her after marriage but her hufband 5 after death 
 fhe became a goddefs, and was worshipped by women 
 a'one. Some fay fhe is the fame as Cybele, and others 
 Proferpine. She was likewife called Fauna and Fatvra. 
 
 Boo'tes, is the fame as lcarius, who was metamor- 
 phofed into a clown, and placed among the ftars j it is the' 
 ccnftellation that follows Urfa Major. 
 
 Bo'reas, the north wind, and one of the four principal. 
 He was the fon of Aflraeus and Aurora. The firit thing 
 that he did when he was grown up was to carry off Orythia, 
 the daughter of Ereclheus, by whom he had two Ions, 
 Calais and Zethes. He transformed himleif into a horfe, . 
 to cover the mares of Dardanus, by whom he had twelve j 
 colts of fuch fwiftnefs that they ran over the ears of (tand- I 
 ing corn without breaking them, and upon the furface of 
 the (ea without finking. The poets fay, that he had two. 
 bufkinsand wings on his fhoulders to expiefs his fleet nefs j 
 but he fometimes covers his face with his cloak, and has 
 the fhape of a boy. 
 
 Bra'nchides, a name of Apollo, who was fo called 
 from one Branchus, a young man that this god was fond 
 of, and to whom he had erected a temple, whofe priefls 
 were called Branchidae. Strabo. 
 
 Bria'reus, one of the giants who waged 'war with the 
 gods. He had a hundred arms and fifty heads. See 
 ^Egeon. 
 
 Bri'seis, ctherwife called Hippodamia, the daughter 
 of Brifes, pried of Jupiter. When Lyrneffus was taken I 
 by the Greeks, and her hufband and brother killed in the 
 fight, fhe fell to the (hare of Achilles, in the divifion of 
 the fpoil. Sometime after Agamemnon took her .from him 
 by force, but was obliged to render her back to caufe him 
 to teke up arms againft the Trojans, who were always 
 vi£lorious after he had withdrawn into 1 his tent, Brifeis 
 
• BUT 
 
 |was ever faithful to Achilles j and when Agamemnon re- 
 lloied her to him, heiwore he never had offended her chaf- 
 tity. Homer. 
 
 Brises, high prieft of Jupiter, and father of Brifeis. 
 Some fay he invented the planner of extracting honey, but 
 others lay it was Ariftaeus. 
 
 I Bri'seus, a furname of Bacchus, from his nurfe of 
 the fame name, or his temple at Brifa, a promontory of 
 Lefbos. Perfius. 
 
 Britoma'rtis, a beautiful nymph of Crtrte, daughter 
 of Jupiter and Come. She threw herfelf into the lea to 
 avoid the permit of Minos, and was made immortal at the 
 requelt of Diana. 
 
 Br I zo, the goddefs of fleep, to whom divine honours 
 Lrere paid at Delos. She prefided over dreams. 
 
 Bro'mius, a name of Bacchus, given on account of 
 the noife made by the Bacchantes, or the groans which 
 Semele uttered when con fumed by Jupiter's fire. 
 
 Brontes, a famous Cyclop, who forged the thunder- 
 bolts of Jupiter. He made a dreadful noife in ftriking 
 upon his anvil with Steropes and Pyracmon, the other Cy- . 
 clops, who had the fame office. 
 
 Bro'theus, a fon of Vulcan and Minerva. He was 
 fo deformed that he was the jeft of all the world, for which 
 reafon he threw himfelf into the abyfs of Mount ./Etna. 
 
 Buba'stis, a name of the goddefs Ifis, who was adored 
 in Egypt. 
 
 Busiris, a king of Egypt, fon of Neptune and Libya. 
 He was a rrionHrous giant, and lay in ambufh for all ftran- 
 gers, whom he facrificed to his father ; but Hercules offer- 
 ed the tyrant and the monfters of his cruelty on the fame 
 altar. 
 
 ButES, the fon of Boreas. He was obliged to leave 
 the country of Amycus, king of Bebrica, his fuppofed 
 fa: her, who would not own him. He retired into Sicily 
 with fome of his friends, and, as he paffed along, carried 
 off Iphim.edh, Pancratis, and Coronis, from the coaft of 
 ThefTaly, when they were celebrating the Bacchanals. 
 Botes kept Coronis for himfelf ; but Bacchus, whole nurfe 
 fhe had been, infpired him with fuch a m*dnefs that he 
 threw himfelf into a well ; others fay that he married Ly- 
 Fa 
 
CAD - 
 
 cafta, fur named Venus, on account of her beauty, and that 
 he had a fon by her called Eryx. 
 
 Bt/throtqs, a city of Epirus, where iEneas met 
 Andromache, whom Pynhus kept prifoner. 
 
 CABALL'^NUS, a clear fountain on mount HeHicon, 
 confecrated to the Mufes. Some fay it is the fame as I 
 Hippocrene, or the fountain of the hoife Pegafus. 
 , Caba'rnis, a name of the iilaand of Paros, fe called 
 from Cabarnus, a fhepherd of this country, who difcovered 
 to Ceres, the rape of her daughter, 
 
 Cabi'ra, the daughter of Proteus, beloved by Vulcan, ■ 
 by whom me became mother of the Cabiri, and of the ' 
 nymphs called Cabirides, according to Strabo. 
 
 Cabi'ri, gods of the Phenzcian«, derived from the 
 Arabic or Hebrew word Cabir, fignifying^ great or migh- 
 ty ; they were three, and called by the names of Axieros* 
 Axiocberibs, and Axiocherfa 5 by fome fappofed to , be 
 Ceres, Proferpine, and Plato 9 by others, Ofiris-, Or«s, 
 and Iiis j and by fome, Jupiter, Ceres, and Bacchus. 
 
 Caca, the fitter of Cacus, who placed in the rank of 
 goddeffes, becaufe (he informed Hercules of her brother's 
 theft, when he ftole the oxen. She prefided over the ex- 
 crements of the body j and had a chapel where the Veftal 
 virgils attended and offered facrifices. 
 
 Cacus, a famous robber, fon of Vulcan and Medufa, 
 xeprelented as a three- neaded monfter, vomiting fire and ; 
 f«roke. Having ltolen fome of the oxen of Hercules, he ] 
 drew them backward by their tails into his den to prevent 
 being difcovered ; but Hercules, driving the reft of his cattle 
 jhat way, heard the bellowing of thoie in the cave, i pom 
 which he Hew the :obber with his club. Virgil 0<vtd. 
 
 Cadmus, a king of Thebes, ion of Agenor aria Te- 
 lephrifl'a,- and the firlt who introduced '.he life of letters into 
 Greece, "'Jupiter having carried off his fitter Europa, Cad- 
 mus was lent by Agenor in quell of her, with orders not 
 to return ' to Phenkia without her, He co'nfulted the 
 
C2EC 
 
 I oracle at Delphi, who, inikad of anfwerirtg hts reqoe&, 
 oidered him to build a city where lie fhould fee and ok ftop 
 in the grals. He departed with a delign of tvaverfing all 
 thew^id, and when he arrived in Boeotia, he facrificed to 
 the gous, and fending his companions to the fountain of 
 Dirce for water, they were devoured by a dragon. Mi- 
 nerva, to comfort him, oidered him to attack, this monger, 
 and gave him affuranceof fuccefs j when happened accord- 
 ingly. After the victory he lowed the dragons teesh, from 
 whtnee fpvung men in armour, who, on his throwing a 
 ftone in the. midjft of them, fell a fighting, and killed each 
 other upon the fpot, except five, who afiifted him in building 
 the city of Thebes in the place fhown him by a» ox. He 
 married Herrnione, daughter of Venus and Mais, by whom 
 he had a Ion, Po ydorus, and four daughters, Secne)e* 
 Ino, Autonoe, and Agave. Going to confuJt ihe oracle 
 again, he learnt that his pofteiity were deltined to the gr-at- 
 eii misfortunes : whereupon he and his wife went to Illy- 
 licum, that they might not tee them, and weve afterward 
 changed n>to ferpents. % 0<vid, Har&ce. Litcan. 
 
 CADVCiSUS, a rod which Mercury received from A- 
 pollo, when he made him a prefent of his lyre. One day, 
 Mercury, feeing two ferpents fightiog upon mount Oythe- 
 ron, threw his rod between them to part them j the two 
 ferpents wound themlelves about in lv>ch a manner, that 
 the highelt puit of their bodies formed a bow. Mercury 
 afterward carried this about as a lymbol of peace, ^nd ad- 
 ded wings thereto, becauie he was the god of eloquence, 
 whole vapidity is fhown by the wings. Some fay prudence 
 is represented by the two feiptnts, and the wings are the 
 fymbol of diligence j both neceflary in the ptiriu.it of bufi- 
 »eis and commerce, whkh Mercury patron ifed. 
 
 CiEA, or Ceo 3, av> ifiand ot the JEg-j&An fea, fo called 
 from Ceus, the fon of Titan. It was very fertile in filk- 
 worms and in herds of cattle. Virgil. 
 
 Cje'cias, a wind which blows from the north before 
 the tune of the equinox. 
 
 Cje'culus, the fon of Vulcan. Jt is Paid that as his 
 mother was fitting near the forge of this god, (he was 
 ftruck with a fpark. out of the fire, which caufed her to con- 
 ceive and bring a child into the world at nine months tnd, 
 F 3 
 
C AL 
 
 to whom (he gave the name of Caeculus, becaufe he had 
 very imall eyes. When he was grown up he lived on thefts 
 and robberies, and built the city Ptasnelie. After having 
 given public fports, he exhorted the citizens to go and -found 
 another city ; but he could not perfuacie them, became they 
 did rot believe him to be the fon of Vulcan j upon which he 
 invoked that God, and the whole afkmbly was immediately 
 iurrounded with flames, wh'ich put them into fuch a fright, 
 that they prom i fed to do every thing he would have them. 
 Others lay that certain ffepherds found him in the midft of 
 flames without hurt, and on that account he was called the 
 fon of Vulcan. Virgil. Sewius. 
 
 C/e'neus, a furname of Jupiter, fo called from the 
 city of Caen eon the coaft of Laconia, where they paid him 
 great honours. Ovid. 
 
 Cenis, a Theffalian woman, who beirg forcibly ra- 
 vifhcd by Neptune, obtained power of the god to change 
 her fex, and to become invulnerable. She alfo changed 
 her name, and was called Ceneus. Ir. the wars of the 
 Lapithae and the Centaurs, fhe offended Jupiter, and was 
 overwhelmed with a vaft heap of trees, and changed into a 
 bird of her own name. Ovid. 
 
 Calais and Zetes, two brothers, fons of Boreas and 
 Orithya. They made a voyage to Colchis with the Argo- 
 nauts ; and drove away the Ha pies from Thrace. Th^y 
 are fa:d to have had their fhouldeis coveted with golden > 
 fcales wings at their feet, and long hair. 
 
 Calchas, a famous footh layer*, ion of Theltor, who 
 accompanied the Grecian a; my to Troy, and predicted that 
 the fiege fhould laft ten years, and that the winds would not 
 be favorable till after the facrifke of Ipbigenia, daughter 
 of Agamemnon. After the taking of Troy he went to 
 Colophon, where he died raving mad", becaufe he couid 
 itftt foretel thole things which ' Mcplus, another footfuayer, 
 jiad-j for it was his dettiny to die when he found a man 
 more fkilful than himfelf in divination. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Calci'ope, the daughter of JEtes, king of Colchis, 
 and filler of Medea. She married Phryxus, who had fled 
 to her father's court for protection, and by him had feveral 
 children. Phryxus was afiaffinated by her father, to get 
 poflefEon of the jjolden fleece j upon which Calciope, defigfi- 
 
CAL 
 
 1 ing to carry her children privately into Greece, wns fhip- 
 k wrecked on an ifland, where (he waited till the arrival of 
 Jafon, who took, them back to Colchis. 
 
 Calli'ope, one of the nine Mufes, who prefided over 
 eloquence and heroic poetry. The poets represent her a 
 young maid, crowned with laurel and adorned with gar- 
 lands, with a majeltic air, holding a trumpet in her right 
 h;md, and in her left a book, with three other books near 
 her, the Iliad, the Odyfi'ey, and the JEneid, which are ihe 
 Ihree mod famous epic poems of antiquity. 
 
 Calli'rhoe, a beautiful nymph at Calydon, of whom 
 COrefus, prielt of Bacchus, was deeply enamouied ; but 
 fhe treating him with difdaio, he be/ought Bacclms to re- 
 fent her infenlihility : and that god made the Callidonians 
 l'o drunk, that they became mad : upon which they went 
 to coniult the oracle,- who aniwered that this diforder could 
 not ceafe till Callirhoe was facrificed, or Ibme ether in her 
 ftead. But no one offering himlelf, the nymph was con- 
 ducted to the altar, where Corefus, the high prieft, feeing 
 her adorned with "flowers, and dreffed for facrifice, in flea d 
 olturning the knife agairtft her, he (tabbed himfelf. Cal- 
 lirhoe, being then moved with companion, killed herfelf to 
 appeafe the manes of Corefus. — A daughter of Oceanus 
 and Tethys, who was mother of the monfters Geryon 
 anil Echidna, by Chryfaor.— -A daughter of Scam and*- r, 
 w! .') married Tros, by whom fhe had Ilns, Ganimede, 
 and Affaracus.— A daughter of Achelous, who was wile 
 to Alcmeon, the murderer of his mother Euriphyle. 
 
 Calli'stO, called alio Helice, was daughter of Lycaon 
 king of Arcadia, and nymph of Diana. Jupiter having 
 a (Turned the Ihape of Diana, took her at unawares, and 
 lay with her: Diana, perceiving that this nymph was 
 very backward in undreiling herfelf to go into the bath, 
 would not permit her any longer to make one of her train j 
 upon which Callifto went into a wood, and was delivered 
 of Arc-js. Juno, always attentive to the iteps of Jupiter, 
 and an implacable enemy to all his mi ft relies, metamor- 
 phorled Callifto into a bear j but Jupiter apprehenfiveof 
 her being hurt by the huntfmen, made her a conftellation 
 of heaven, called the Great Bear. 0<vid. 
 
 Calpe, a- mountain of Spain, now called Gibraltar, 
 
CAM 
 
 which is over againft Abyla, on the coaft of Barbary. Sec? 
 Abyla. 
 
 Calydon, a city of JEtollz, which received its name 
 from Calydon the fon of /Btolus. Here Oenens the father 
 of Meleager kept his court ; during whole reign, Diana 
 fent a wild boar to ravage his country, the hunting of 
 which is greatly celebrated by the poets, under the name of 
 the chace of Calydon, or the Calydonian boar. See Me- 
 leager. ' 
 
 Caly'pso, the gocldcfs of filence, and a daughter of' 
 Atlas according to fome, or as others fay of Oceanus and 
 Tethys. She dwelt in the ifland Ogygia, where (he enter- 
 tained Uiynes in a favorable manner, when driven o» 
 her coalts by a tempeft. She fell in love with UlyfTes 
 and kept him with her feven years; but he preferred his 
 own country and Penelope to this goddefs, though flie 
 prormfed to make him immortal if he would ftay with her. 
 Homer. 
 
 Camari'nus, a famous marfli or Jake m Sicily, whofe 
 exhalations made a horrible iiuell. The Sicilians inquired 
 of the oracle of Apollo how they might dry it up, who an- 
 fwe;ed, ihat they mult take ere not to do it; but regard- 
 lei's of the anfwer thev refolved to do it, and by that means 
 facilitated the entrance of their enemies into the ifland, who 
 diftreued the inhabitants, and plundered their towns. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Cami'lla, a queen of the Volfcians, who maintained 
 a war a long time in perfon with Turnus again!! JEneas. 
 She excelled every one in the race and in heroic actions, and 
 was killed by the ftroke of a javelin. Virgil. 
 
 Cami'llus, a furname of Mercury, as being an infe- 
 rior fervant of the gods : and hence the young men and 
 maids, who attended the prielfs at their facrinces, were 
 called Camilli and Camillas. 
 
 Camirs, and Clytia, two daughters of Pandarus 
 of Crete. Being deprived of their parents, and left friend- 
 lefs, Venus, with the other goddelfes, brought them up 
 with tendernefs, and afked Jupiter to grant them kind huf- 
 bands ; but in her abfence the Harpies earned away the 
 virgins to (hare the punifliment which their father fuffered. 
 Pauf. 
 
CAP 
 
 Camoe'.v/e, a name given to the Mufes, on account of 
 I the Iwetineis and melody of their longs. 
 
 JCa'sace, a daughter of Mollis, who had a Con by her 
 _ own buz her, that was expo fed by ihenurie j but bis birth 
 was made known to the grandfather by the cries of the 
 child. JEolus, highly exasperated at this incevr, cauted 
 the child to be eaten by dogs, and fenl a poniard to his 
 daughter to punifh herfelf. Mecavius, the brother, tied to 
 Delphos, and there became a pried of Apollo. O-viJ. 
 
 Ca'nathus, a fountain near Natrplia, a maritime city 
 of Pdoponnelus, where Jimo yearly wafhtd hesfeit to re- 
 ceive her infant parity. Pauf. 
 
 Caxcer., or i he CRAB, was the animal fent by Juno 
 againft Hercules, when he fought the.' Hydra, near the 
 rake of Lerna, arid by which he was bitten in the foot ; but 
 he killed it, and Juno made it one of the twelve contklla- 
 tions of the zodiac 
 
 Candau!les, the fon of Myrfus, and the raft of the 
 Heraclides, who fit on the throne of Lydia. Ke wevild 
 needs (how his wife r.aked io Gygfs ; one of his mmifters ; 
 but the queen was fb offended at it, that (be commanded 
 Gyges to kill Caqdavits, and then ma-ritd him. Hei . 
 
 Canens, the w ; fe of Picus, king of she Lu>rrans, 
 who, when (he faw her hufband tanned into a bird, by »he 
 enchantment of Ciice, pined to death, and was changed 
 into a voice. Chfid. 
 
 Cane'phoria, fefttvais at Athens in homror of Bac- 
 chus, or, according to others, of Diana, in which mar- 
 riageable vitgins offered golden bafkets filled with the £rft 
 fruits of the year. 
 
 CANo'rus, a god of the waters amorg the Egyptians, 
 or at lea ft of the river Nile. He had been pilot, or rather 
 admiral, of the fleet cf Ofiris during his expedition into 
 India. After his death he was faid to be changed into a 
 frar, and placed among the gods. 
 
 Capa'n.eus, a giant of Argos, fen of Hipponus, and 
 hufband to Evadre. H: was at the iiege of Thebes, and 
 invented fcaling ladders, and declared that he would take 
 the city in fpite of Jupiter. Such contempt provoked the 
 god, who ftrnck him dead with a thunderbolt, Q<vid> 
 Statius. 
 
CAR 
 
 Capha'reus a dangerous rock on the Euboean fhore, 
 toward the Hellefpont, where Nauplius, king of the coun- 
 try, revenged the death of his ion Palarnedes upon the 
 Greeks, at their return from Troy, by fetting up a light 
 on the top. of it, which caufed them to ftrike on the rock, 
 where they were (hip wrecked. 
 
 Capitoli'nus, a furname of Jupiter, from the Capi- 
 toline hill, on the top of which he had the firft temple that 
 ever was built in Rome. 
 
 Ca'pricornus, is the fame as the god Pan, who be- 
 ing afraid of the giant Typhon, transformed himfelf into 
 a goat ; upon which account Jupiter made the goat one of 
 the twelve conftellations' of the zodiac. Some fay it was 
 the goat Amalthea, the nurfe of Jupiter. 
 
 Capys, a Trojan prince, fon of Afiaracus, and father 
 of Anchifes the father of JEne^s. 
 
 Carda, or Cardia, a goddefs, who, according to 
 Macrobius, prefided over the vital parts of mankind. 
 
 Ca'ria, a province of the Leffer Afia, between Lycia 
 and Ionia, on the fide of the mountain Taurus. It is fa- 
 mous for the many metamorphofes which were done there : 
 and the principal town was Halicarnaflus,. where Jupiter 
 was the chief deity. 
 
 Carme'nta, or Carmentis, a prophetefs of Arca- 
 dia, and mother of Evander, by Mercury. Her name 
 was Nicoffata, and fhc received that of Carmentis from 
 the wildneis of her looks when giving oracles. She was 
 the oracle of Italy, and after death was admitted to the 
 rank of the gods, called Ind'getes, and one of the gates of 
 Rome took its name from her. The Greeks offered her 
 facrifkes under the name of Therms Nicoltrata. 
 
 Carmenta'lia, a feftival at Rome in honour of Car- 
 menta, celebrated the nth cf January near the Porta 
 Carmentalis. This fefrival was initial ted on account of the 
 reconciliation between the Roman women and their huf- 
 bands, after there had been a long difference between them. 
 
 Carna, a godilefs among the i'omans, who was 
 thought to prefide over the vital parts of human bodies. 
 She had a temple on mount Coelus, and they offered her 
 bacon, and cakes made of beans. 
 
 -Carnus, a famous poet and mufician, fon of Jupiies? 
 
CAS 
 and Europa, and favourite of Apollo. He inftituted games, 
 and appointed prizes for thofe that fhould excel in mufic 
 and poetry, that were celebrated every year in honour of 
 Apollo Carneus at Sparta, and moft Grecian cities, during 
 nine days when the moon was at full. 
 
 Carya'tjs, a title given to Diana, in honour of whom 
 the young girls of Laconia affembled every year in nutting 
 time, and celebrated a feftival called Carya, which figni- 
 fies i) uls. 
 
 Ca'sius, a furname of Jupiter, on account of a moun- 
 tain of that name near Pelufium in Egypt, where he was 
 wor (hipped. 
 
 Cassa'ndra, the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, 
 who was engaged to Apollo for a wife, on condition that 
 he would give -her the fpirit of prophecy ; and when Apollo 
 had granted her defire, /he would not keep her word : 
 but the god, to be revenged of her, wetted her lips with 
 his tongue, and by this aclion cauled that nobody mould 
 believe her predictions. She advifed again ft bringing the 
 wooden horfe into the city of Troy ; but the Trojans did 
 not mind her, and looked upon her as infane. When the 
 city was taken, fhe fled to the temple of Minerva, where 
 Ajax, the fon of Oi'leus, ravifhed her at the foot of the 
 altar, and then dragged her out of the temple, becaufe fhe 
 had piedicltd fo many misfortunes to him. In the divifion 
 of the Ipoils of Troy fhe fell to the fiiare of Agamemnon, 
 to whom fhe foretold that his wife would caufe him to be 
 afTaffmated ; but he Jul not beliave the prediction, in con- 
 fequence of which he was fhin, together with his prophetefs, 
 by ^Egifthus, at h;s arrival in Lacedsemonia. Homer, 
 Virgil. 
 
 Ca'ssiope, t>r Cassiopeia,, the wife of Cepheus, 
 king of Ethiopia, and mother of Andromeda. This queen 
 had the vanity to believe that (he and her daughter were 
 more beautiful than Juno and the Nereides ; upon which 
 the nymphs befought Neptune to punifh them, and the god 
 fent a fea monfter that did incredible mifchjef. Cepheus, 
 on consulting the uracle, w:.> told that theie misfortunes 
 would not ctafe wimout expofing Andromeda, chained to 
 a rock, to the fury of th : s monfter; and juft as fhe was 
 going to be devoured, Pcrfeus, raoucted on the horfe Pe« 
 
CAD 
 
 ga&s, with the head of Medufa, changed the monfrer inftgj 
 
 a rock, delivered Andromeda, and obtained of Jupiter, 
 that Caffiopeia ihould be a conftellation among the liars. 
 Q*itL , * 
 
 Casta'lia, a nymph whom Apollo metamorphofed 
 in'o a fountain, to the waters of which he added the virtue' 
 of inspiring thofe who drank of them with the true fire of 
 poetry, 
 
 Casta'lides, a name of the Mufes, fo called from 
 Caftalia, a fountain of Parnaflus confecrated to them. 
 
 Castor and Pollux, twin brothers to Helen and" 
 Clytemueftra, and fnns of Jupiter", by Leda, the wife of 
 Tyndarus. See Leda. They embarked with Jafon to i 
 go in queft of the golden fleece, and both behaved with 
 iuperior courage. Pollux conquered and flew Amycus, in 
 the combat of the cert us, and was ever after reckoned the 
 god and patron oi boxing arid wreftiiug j and Caftor dif- 
 tinguifhed himfelr in the management of horfes. During 
 the Argonautic expedition, in a violent llorm, a flame of 
 fire was feen to play around the head of each of them, and 
 immediately the tempeft ceafed : from this occurrence their 
 power to protect failors has been credited, and the two 
 fires, which are very common in Irorms, have fince been 
 called Caiior and Pollux. The brothers cleared the Hel- 
 lespont, and the neighbouring leas, from pirates ; on 
 which account alfo they have always been deemed the 
 friends of navigation. They loved each other fo tenderly, I 
 that they never were alunder ; and Jupiter having bellowed 
 immortality on Pollux, he divided it with his brother 
 Caitor, infomuch that they lived and died alternately. This 
 acl of fraternal love Jupiter rewarded, for they were meta- 
 morphofed into dais, and made a conlk-llation under the 
 name of Gemini. Their jurnames were many, and they 
 were generally reprefented mounted on white hoiles, armed. 
 with fpears, and riding fide by ride, having their head co- 
 vered with a bonnet, on whole top glittered a liar. 
 
 Ca'ucasus, a famous mountain of Colchis, in Afia, 
 between the Euxine and Cafpian leas. It was once deemed 
 the highelr. mountain in the world, and its top is always 
 covered with mow. Here the} fay Prometheus lay bound, 
 and that a vulture fed continually upon his liver. 
 
CEN 
 
 Caunus, a fon of Miletus and Cyanea, who perceiving 
 juis filter Biblis entertained a criminal paflion for him, for- 
 Took his country and built a city in Caria, called by his own 
 name. Ovid. 
 
 Caurus, one of ' the principal winds, blowing from 
 jthe weft. Virgil. 
 
 Cayster, a river of Lydia, near Sardis, which falls 
 nto the iEgoean fea near Ephefus. The banks and neigh- 
 bourhood of this river were generally frequented by fwans, 
 land the country through which it meandered was fruitful 
 in grapes of an excellent kind. 
 
 CeCROPS, a rich native of Sai? in Egypt, who led a 
 colony into Attica, where he reigned over part of the 
 country, which was called from him Cecropia. He mar- 
 ried Agraula, daughter of Aclaeus, a Grecian prince, 
 and was deemed the fir ft founder of Athens. He was 
 faid to have two faces, becaufe he was the firft who in- 
 ftituted mairiage j or that he was mafter of two lan- 
 guages, the Greek and ./Egyptian. After his death they 
 jfacrificed cocks on his tomb, and he is faid to have appear- 
 ed in the middle of the nffiftants in the (hape of a lion. 
 Some think he lived near the time of Mofes. — A king of 
 Athens, fon of Erichtheus, who married Metiadufa the 
 filler of Daedalus, by whom he had Pandion. Oxid. 
 Pauf. 
 
 Celje'na, a town of Campania, where Juno was wor- 
 shipped. J here is likewile a mountain of this name, near 
 
 ich Apollo punifhcd the fatyr Marfyas. One of the Ple- 
 iades whs of the fame name, who was ravifhed by Jupiter. 
 
 Ce'leno, one of the Harpies ; Ihe is faid to have 
 brought fouith B.lius and Xan thus, the hoi fes of Achil- 
 les. Virgil. A daughter of Atlas, ravilhed by Neptune. 
 Ovid. A daughter of Hyamus, mother of Belphus, by 
 Apollo. Pauf. 
 
 Ct'i.EUS, king of Eleufis, and father of Triptolemus 
 by Meganira. He gave a kind reception ro Core?, who in 
 return taught his fon the art of husbandry* Virgil. 
 
 Celmue, a fofter* father of Jupiter, by whom he was 
 greatly efteemed ; He was changed into an adamant, be- 
 caufe he had maintained that Jupiter was mortal. O .id. 
 
 Ce'nchreis, the wife of Cyriiras king of Cyprus, and 
 G 
 
CEP 
 
 mother of Myrrha,- who having boafted that (he had a daugh- 
 ter more beautiful than Venus, that goddefs, to be revenged, 
 inl'pired Myrrha with a love for her own father, and they 
 were brought together by the artifice of her nurle. Onj'id. 
 
 Ce'nchrius. a river of Ionia, in which Latona is /aid 
 to have been warned by her nurfe, immediately after (he was 
 born. 
 
 Ce'neus, was orce a female, and obtained of Neptune 
 the power of becoming invulnerable. See Cenis. 
 
 Centaurs, a people of Thellaly, fonsoflxion, by a 
 cloud which he embraced inrtead of Juno. Thofe mongers 
 are faid to have had the upper part like the human body, 
 and the lower like a horfe. They were always armed with 
 clubs, and were (killed in the u'fe. of (he bow. Such of 
 them who were invited to the nuptials of Pirithous and 
 Hippodamia, quarrelled with the Lapithae. Hercules 
 vanquished thefe monfters, and drove them out of Thef- 
 faly. 
 
 Cephale'na, an ifland in the Ionian fea, below Cor- 
 cyra, whole inhabitants went with Uhfles to the Trojan 
 war. 
 
 Ce'phalus, the fon of Mercury and Herfe, and buf- 
 band of Procris, daughter of Erichtheus, king of Athens. 
 Aurora fell in love with him and carried him away $ but .. 
 he refilled to liften to her addreflTes, and was impatient to 
 return to Procris. The goddefs fent him back to his wife, 
 in the difguiie of a merchant, to try her chaifity ; and me 
 refilled every offer, till feduced by the gold of this (hanger ; 
 upon which he discovered himleif, and upbraided her with 
 unfa'thfuinefs. Procris, being atharned, fled into the 
 woods : but (he was afterward reconciled to her huiband $ 
 to whom me gave a dart that would never mifs its aim, 
 and a dog aUavs fore of his prey. With thefe Cephalus 
 went a hunting, and (lie,' becoming jealous of rum, hid 
 herfelf in a thicket to watch him } when Cephalus, being 
 weary and hot, fat down near the place, and called for Au- 
 ra, or the refreihing breeze. She thinking he had called for 
 Aurora, began to move, (lining the bufhes ; upon which 
 Cephalus, thinking it had been a wild beaif, let fly his un- 
 erring dart and killed her. As.foon as he found out his 
 m'lhke, he took the fame dart and killed himfelf, They 
 
CEP. 
 were both afterward mefamoi phofed by Jupiter Into ftars. 
 thvid. 
 
 Ce'pheus, king of ^Ethiopia, and father of Andro- 
 meda, by CafHope. He was taken up wiih his wife and 
 daughter into heaven, and placed near the constellation of 
 the LefTer Bear. Ovid. 
 
 Cephi'sus, a celebrated river of Phocis ; he fell in love 
 with a great numbet of nymphs, and was defpifed by them' 
 all. Ovid. 
 
 Cera'stes, a people of Cyprus, of a very cruel difpo- 
 fition, whom Venus changed into bulls, becaufe they fa- 
 crificed itrangers. She took away all fhame from their 
 wives, infomuch that they prorrituted themfelves to all 
 comers. 
 
 Cera'unia, high mountains on the borders of Epirus, 
 extended to the place where the Ionian fea is fcparated from 
 the Adriatic. 
 
 Ce'rberus, a dog with three heads, who guarded the 
 gate of hell and the palace of Pluto. His paren-s were ilia 
 giant Typhon and Echidna. When Orpheus went in fearch 
 of Eurydice, he laid him afleep with his lyre ; and when 
 Hercules went down to bring back Alceita, he bound this 
 dog with a chain, and dragged him into the light. Homer. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Cerco'pes, a people whom Jupiter metamorphofed into 
 apes, becauie they were addicted to all kinds ci debauche- 
 ry. Ovid. 
 
 Ce'rcyon, a king of Eleufis, and a famous robber. 
 He was fo ltrong that he coold bend the tailed trees, to 
 which he tied the palien^ers he had rchbed, and i'o with a 
 fwing Tore them to pieces. He\had a daughter, who be- 
 came mi It re (s to Neptune, which lb angered th<; Iniher, 
 that he expofed her and her child in trie woods o be de- 
 voured. At length, Thefeus ieived him as he had clone 
 *the p lingers . 
 
 Cerea'lia, feftivals at Rome in honour of Ceres 5 the 
 Carrie as the Thefmophoria of the Greeks. 
 
 Ceres, the daughter of Saturn and Ops, goddefs of 
 
 corn and agriculture. She had a daughter by Jupiter, 
 
 called Prolerpine, who was carried away by Pluto. She 
 
 met with different adventures in travelling over the earth, 
 
 Gz 
 
CE Y 
 
 in fearch of her daughter. To avoid the purfuit of Nep- 
 tune, (he changed herfelf into a mare, but the god took 
 the advantage of her metamorphofis, and from their union 
 arofe the horfe Arion. She travelled a long while with 
 Bacchus, who went to teach hufbandry to mankind. At 
 length (he came to Eleufis, in Attica, where king Celeus 
 gave her the tuition of his fon Triptolemus.. In the day- 
 time Ihe gave him the milk of heaven, and at night co- 
 vered him with fire, to render him immortal : when he 
 was of age fhe .provided him a chariot, drawn with 
 winged dragons, that he might travel through the world, 
 and teach people hufbandry. This goddefs had feveral fa- 
 mous temples built to her honour, and (he received 
 names, from the places where they flood. Swine were fa- 
 crificed in her temples, becaufe they hurt the fruits of the 
 earth ; and the fii ft fruits of the product of the earth were 
 offered on her altars, and thofe who difhubed the myfte- 
 ries were punilhed with death. She is painted beautiful 
 and well fhaped, with fwelling breath, and yellow hair ; 
 holding a lighted torch or a fickle in one hand, and a hand- 
 ful of corn and poppies in the other, widi a crown of the 
 fame. 0<vid. Virgil. 
 
 Cestus, the girdle of Venus, which is laid not only to 
 have the power of rendering a perfon amiable, but could 
 likewile iekindle the fire of an extinguished paflion. There 
 is an ample defcription of it in Homer. 
 
 Ce ro, a daughter of Pontus and Tethys, who married 
 her brother Phorcus, by whom (lie had the Gorgons, and. 
 other monriers. 
 
 Ceus, a (on of Ccelus and Terra, who married his fifier- 
 Phoebe, by whom he had Latona and Afteria. He took 
 arms againft Jupiter for ravifhing his daughter Latona, but 
 he was ftruck dead by lightning, with his other brothers 
 the giants. Virgil. 
 
 Ceyx, the fon of Lucifer, and king of Trachina j who, 
 to free himfeJf from fome dreadful prognoftics, went to 
 Claros to confult the oracle of Apollo. Alcyone, his wife, 
 who was very fond of him, did all (he could to hinder the 
 voyage, for (he had a fecret intimation that 'ibme terrible 
 misfortune would happen to her hufband 5 however, he 
 was determined to go, promifing to return in fix months j 
 
CHA 
 
 but he was caft away. His wife hearing the news, ran to 
 the feamore, and feeing his body, immediately threw her- 
 felf into the water. They were both metamorphofed into 
 kingfifhers. Ovid. Pauf. 
 
 Chalcis, the chief city of Euboea, where Minerva had 
 a temple, from whence that goddels was called Chalcioeus, 
 Chalciotis, and Chalcidica. 
 
 Chao'nia, a diitriit of Epirus, in Greece, famous for 
 the Fore(t of Dodona, and where there was a prodigious 
 quantity of pigeons. 
 
 Chaos, an unlhaped heavy mafs, wherein the elements 
 were confounded with each other before the formation of 
 the world. Virgil reprefents him as one of the infernal 
 deities ; and he is by others ftyled the father of the gods. 
 
 Chari'clea, a daughter of Apollo, by whom the cen- 
 taur Chiron, had a daughter, cailed Ocyroe. 
 
 Ckari'stia, certain feftivals among the Romans, for 
 the entertainment of relations and particular friends. 0<viJ. 
 
 Cha'rites, the three Graces, named Aglaia, Thalia, 
 and Euphrofyne, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome. 
 They ate faid to be three, becaufe we ought to be bounti- 
 ful to others, and thankfully to receive favours, as well as 
 requite courtefies. They are painted naked to ihow that 
 good turns mould be done without diffimulation or hypo- 
 crify - r young, to denote that the remembrance of benefits 
 fhould never grow old j fmiling, to fignify that favours 
 fhould be performed with cheerful nefs ; and laltly, their arms 
 are linked one in another, to (how that the knot and 
 bond of love is never to be diflblved. See Graces, Ag- 
 laia, &c. 
 
 Charon, the fon of Erebus and Nox, and ferryman 
 of hell ; who, according to the fable, for a piece of money 
 tranfported the (hades in a boat over the Stygian lake, to 
 receive a judgment from^Eacus, Rhadamanthus, and Mi- 
 nos, the judges of hell j for which/ reafon the ancients uied 
 to put a piece of money under the tongue of the dead. 
 Such as had not been honoured with a funeral were not 
 permitted. to enter his boat, till they had wandered on the 
 ikle of the river for one hundred years. Charon is repre- 
 fented as an old robuft man, with a hideous countenance, 
 a long matted beard, and glaring eyes, 
 G 3 
 
CHI 
 
 dirty mantle, of a dark hue, with a knot, and hanging 
 down from his left (houlder. Ovid. Virgil. 
 
 Chary'bdis, an avaricious woman, who Mole the oxen 
 of Hercules, and was for that crime ftruck with thunder 
 by Jupiter, and turned into a famous whirlpool or gulpb, 
 on the coail of Sicily, over againft Scylla, a pernicious 
 rock, where ftrange noifes like the baiking of dogs were 
 heard. It was very hard for failors to efcape either the 
 one or the other of them. Homer. 
 
 Chau'rus, or Chorus, a cold wind blowing from 
 the northweft. 
 
 Chelo'ne, a nymph changed into a tortoife by Mer- 
 cury, for not being prefent at the nuptials of Jupiter and 
 Juno, and condemned to perpetual filence for having ridi- 
 culed ihofe deities. 
 
 ChiiMJe'ra, a monfter with a lion's head, a goafs body, 
 and a dragon's tail, which vomited forth fire and flames, 
 and ravaged Lycia for a long time, till dettroyed by Belle- 
 rophon. So called from a burning mountain of Lycia, 
 in Afia Minor, whofe top abounded with lions, the fides 
 with goats, and the bottom with ferpents, He/tod. Lucre- 
 tius. Ovid. 
 
 Chi/one, a daughter of Daedalion, and wife to Poeo- 
 nius. Apollo and Mercury being enamoured with her 
 beauty, they both lay with, her, and each of them had a child 
 by hev : the one called Philamon, an excellent muficinn j 
 the other, Autolycus, a notorious thief. Chione was (o 
 proud of htr beauty, that (he ventured to prefer heffelf to 
 Diana, who, to punifh her, bored her tongue with an 
 arrow. Ovid. A dSughter of Boreas and Grithya, who 
 had Eumolpus by Neptune. She, wifliing to conceal her 
 fhame from her father, threw her fon into the fea, but he 
 was preferved by Neptune. 
 
 Chios, an ifland of the Archipelago, abou£ a hundred 
 miles in circumference, from whence comes the moll ex- 
 cellent Malmfey, and other rich wines. Ovid. 
 
 Chi'ron, one of the Centaurs, the fifth ion of Saturn - 
 and Philyra. Saturn, being :n love .with Philyra, was 
 afraid that he mould be furprifed by Rhea in his amours ; 
 wherefore he turned himfelf into a horfe : Philyra conceiv- 
 ed and brought forth a fon, named Chiron 3 whofe upper 
 
CHR 
 
 part was like a man, and the lower like a horfe. He be- 
 came anexcellent phyfician, and taught ./Efculapius phy- 
 fic, Apollo mufic, and Hercules attronomy, and was tutor 
 to Achilles. He was wounded by Hercules with an arrow 
 dipped in the blood of Hydra, which fell by chance on his 
 foot, and put him to lb great pain, that the gods out of 
 pity, tranflated him into heaven, and he became one of the 
 twelve conitellations of the zodiac., called Sagittarius. 
 ■Hejlod. Homer. O-vid. 
 
 Chlorous, a priertof Cybele, who came with </Eneas 
 into Italy, and was killed by Turnus. Virgil. 
 
 Chloris, the goddefs of flowers, who married Zephy- 
 yus. She is the fame a? Flor?. — A daughter of Amphion 
 and Niobe, wife of Nelius, and mother of Nellor. 
 
 Chromis, a lor of Hercules, who fed his horfes with 
 human fiefh : but Jupiter killed him wiih a thunderbolt. 
 
 Chro'mius, one of the fons of Priam, who was killed 
 by Diomedes in the fiege of Troy. 
 
 Chry'saor, according to Heiiod, was produced by 
 the blood which ran from the head of Medufa, when it 
 was cut off. He immediately appeared w h a golden 
 fword in his hand; from whence he took his name. He 
 afterward married the beautiful Calii hoe, daughter of 
 Oceanus, by whom he had Geryon with three head^. He 
 was in reality, no more than a famous artificer, who 
 worked in gold and ivory, and he wore a golden fword the 
 firft time he appeared at the court of Phorcys, who, by 
 great reward?; kept him in his dominions. 
 
 Chry'sEis, the daughter of Chryfes, prieft of Apollo, 
 whom Agamemnon took captive and detained after the 
 fiege of Thebes j he is faid to have preferred her to Cly- 
 temneffra, on account of her beauty and fk.ll in embioide-' 
 ry. He took her with him to the fiege of Troy, when her 
 father came to demand her back in the pr erriy robes, and 
 was refufed : but he petitioned Apollo, and obtained his 
 requeft, that the Grecian army fhonld be affh&od with the 
 plague, which continued tdl (he was rendered back by the 
 order of Calchas. After this, Agamemnou took away 
 Brifeis from Achilles, which occasioned a great difference 
 between thele two leaders* Homer* 
 
CIR 
 
 Chryses, a prieft of Apollo, the father of Aftynome, 
 called from him Chryfeis. 
 
 Chrysi'fpus, a natural fon of Pelops. LaTus, king 
 of Thebes, was very fond of him, on account of his beau- 
 ty, but Pelops carried him off. Hippodamia, bis wife, 
 fearing he (hould one day dethrone her hufband, treated 
 him very ill ; and defned her funs, Atreus and Thyeftes, 
 to kill him : but they refufing, Hippodamia refolved to 
 doit herlelf, and taking the fword of Lai'us, (he (tabbed 
 Chryfippus, and left it in his body. However, he lived 
 long enough to prevent Lai'us from being fufpecled of the j 
 crime, which cauied Hippodamia to kill herlelf. Euripides, I 
 
 Chrysis, a prjeftefs of Juno, at Argos. Being alleep, ' 
 her robes took fire, which not onJy burnt the temple, but j 
 herfclf with it. 
 
 Ci'cones, a people of Thrace near the Hebrus. Ulyf- 
 fes, on his return from Troy, conquered them, and plun- 
 dered their chitf city Jfmarus. They tore to pieces Or- 
 pheus, for his oblcene indulgences. Oi id. Virgil. 
 
 Ci'conum, a river of Thelfaly, whole water converted 
 every thing to (tone that was dipped in it. 0<vid. 
 
 Cimo'lus, an ilia nd of Greece near Milo j it abounded 
 with chalk, or rather an earth, known by the name of Ci- 
 molean earth. Ovid. 
 
 Ci'nara, a woman of TheiTaly, that had two daughters, 
 who being preferred to Juno, were changed into fteps, at . 
 the entrance of one of her temples. 
 
 Ci'nyras, a king of Cyprus, who married Cenchre 
 and, by mi (take, lay with his own daughter Myrrha, by 
 whom he had Adonis. Another Cinyras was prielt of 
 Venus, and had fifty daughters, whom Jupiter changed 
 into kingfifhers. 
 
 Circe, a daughter of Sol and Perfa, who was a magi- 
 cian, and well acquainted with the nature of deleterious 
 herbs. She poifoned her huiband, king of the Sarmates, 
 that (lie might reign alone j whereupon, being expelled the 
 kingdom, (he went into Italy, and dwelt in an ifland 
 which retains her name. There (he changed Scylla, the 
 daughter of Phot cus, into a fea-mon(ter, and Picus, king 
 of the Latins, into a woodpecker. Ulyfles and his com- 
 panions being driven hither, (he changed his companions 
 
 
CLE 
 
 into hogs, and othir filthy beafts,with her enchanting cup; 
 but Ulyties would not drink of it. At length, by entreaty, 
 fhe reftored them to their former fhapes, and loaded Ulyf- 
 fes with plealures and honours, by whom fhe had a fon 
 called Telegonus. Circe mowed herfelf cruel to Scylla 
 her rival, and to Picus. Homer. Ovid. Virgil. 
 
 Ci'rcius, a boilterous wind peculiar to Gaul. 
 
 Ciris, a name given to Scylla, the daughter of Nifus, 
 who was changed into a bird of the fame nature. Ovid. 
 
 CiRRHA, a cavtrn of Phocis, in the country of Achaia, 
 in Greece, from whence the wind proceeded which pro- 
 duced a djyine fury, and caufed the oracles of Apollo to be 
 uttered. This cave was near the city of Delphis. 
 
 Cithje'ron, a famous mountain of Bceotia, in Greece, 
 between the city of Thebes and the Corinthian ifthmus j 
 fee Cytheron. It was facred to Bacchus, and alfo ro 
 the Mules, who from hence were called Citherides or 
 Citheriades. Hercules killed here an immenfe lion j and 
 here alfo Pentheus was torn to pieces by his mother and 
 filters, and Actaeon by his hounds. Virgil. Apollo d. Pauf. 
 
 Clarus, a city of Ionia, famous for an oracle of 
 Apollo, who was from thence furnamed Clarius. Ovid. 
 
 Cla'udia, a verlal virgin j who being fufyecled of 
 unchaftity, cleared herfelf by tying her girdle to a barge 
 loaded with the image of Cybele, which had ftuck in one 
 of the (hallow places of the river, and eafily dragged it 
 alter her to the more, when it had baffled the efforts of a 
 number of men. Propert. O-vid, 
 
 Cla'viger, a name of Janus, from his being repre- 
 sented with a rod and key in his hands. 
 
 Cle'mency, a virtue that was ranked among the de- 
 ities. According to Plutarch, the Romans were rdblved 
 to build a temple of Clemency to Caefarj and upon one of 
 his medals, there is an image thereof. Claudian aliens, 
 that this goddefs ought neither to have temple nor ftatue, 
 becaufe fhe ought to inhabit the hearts of mankind. 
 
 Cleo'bis, a fon ofCydippe, the prieftels of Juno at 
 Argos, and brother to Biton. When oxen could not be 
 pr cured to draw their mother's chariot, the two brothers 
 put themfelves under the yoke, and drew it to the temple ; 
 fur which aft of piety, upon her requelt, that the gveatcil 
 
CL Y 
 
 blefling which could befal man might be beftowed upon 
 them, they were found dead in their beds the next morn- 
 ing. Cicero. 
 
 Cleo'medes, a famous wreftler, who was fo ftrong, , 
 that, being deprived of the reward of the victory he had 
 won from an inhabitant of Epidaurus, he broke down a 
 pillar of the public hall, andcrufhed to death a great num- 
 ber of people. He faved himfelf in a tomb, where he 
 could not be afterward found, having vanished away j 
 whereupon, the oracle being confulted, he was laid to be 
 the laft of the demi-gods. 
 
 Cleopa'tra, a daughter of Boreas and Orithya. She 
 Js fometimes called Cleobula, and was married to Phineus, 
 ion of Agenor, by whom (he had Plexippus and Pandion. 
 Apollod. A daughter of Idas and MarpeiTay and wife of 
 TvJeleager. Pauf. 
 
 Clio, the fir ft of the nine Mufes, daughter of Jupiter 
 and Mnemofyne. She prefided over hiiiory, and is repre- 
 fented by the figure of a young woman, crowned with 
 laurel, holding a trumpet in her right hand, and a book 
 in her left. Homer. 
 
 Cloaci'na, a goddefs at Rome, who prefided over the 
 cloaca, which were large receptacles for the filth and dung 
 of the city. Her image was found by Tatius (a king of 
 the Sabines) in one of thofe receptacles, and not knowing 
 what goddefs it was, he called it Cloacina, from the place 
 in which it was foui>d, and paid it divine honours. 
 L aft ant. 
 
 Clotho, the youngeft of the three Parcas, ftrppofed to 
 prefuie over the moment that we are born. Her office was 
 to fpin the thread of life. She is represented in a long 
 gown of divers colours, with a crown on her head, fet with 
 feven ftars, and holding adiftaff in her hand. 
 
 Cluaci'na, a name of Venus, whofe ftatue was 
 erected in the place where peace was made between the Ro- 
 mans and Sabines, after the rape of the virgins. 
 
 Cly'mene, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and 
 wife or Jaoetus, by whom fhe had Atlas, Prometheus, and 
 Epimetneus. Apollo was enamoured of her, and had 
 Phaeton by her j alio his fitters Phaeihufa, Lampetia, and 
 LatttpetliUra, who, from their mother, are fometimes called 
 
COL 
 
 Clymeneides, but more commonly, from their father Sol, 
 Heiiades. 
 
 Clytemne'stra, a daughter of Tyndarus and Leda, 
 fifter of Caftor, and wife to Agamemnon. She lived in 
 adultery with iEgifthus, during her hufband's abfence at 
 Troy, and contrived with him to murder Agamemnon at 
 his return, bhe would likewife have flain her Ion Orettes ; 
 but Eleclra, his filler, conveyed him privately to king 
 Stropheus, and after he was come to age, he returned to 
 Argos, and flew his mother and her gallant. Propertius. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Cly'tia or Clytih, a daughter of Oceanus and Te- 
 thys, beloved by Apollo, but afterward forfaken by him, 
 becaui'e, through jealouly of Leucothoe, fhe difcovered to 
 Orchamus the amours of that god with his daughter; 
 whereupon fhe pined away with hunger and grief, and was 
 changed into a heliotrope, or funflower, which ftiil turns 
 its head toward the fun in his courle, as in pledge of her 
 love. Ovid. A daughter of Fandarus : fee Camiro. 
 
 Cnidus, a city of Caria, in Afia Minor, where Ve- 
 nus was wor/h'.pped, and had a famous ftatue made by 
 Piaxiteles. 
 
 Co'calus, a king of Sicily, to whom Dedalus fled for 
 fhelter out of Crete : and Minos, purfuing him thither, 
 was flain by the daughters of Cocalus. Ovid. 
 
 Co'cytus, a river of hell, which furrounds Tartarus, 
 and is increaled by the tears of the wicked. 
 
 Codrus, the fon of Melanthus, and laft king of A- 
 then<, who voluntarily gave his life for the good of his 
 country. Jujiin. Pauf. 
 
 Coelus, lbn of the Air and Terra, whom he afterward 
 married, and is fuppofed to be father of Titan, Saturn, 
 Oceanus, &c. He is looked upon as the mod ancient of 
 the gods, and was dethroned by his fon Saturn, who de- 
 prived him of the organs of generation, and threw the 
 parts into the fea, which gave birth to Venus the goddefs 
 of beauty. 
 
 Colchis, a country of Afia, near Pontus, famous for 
 the expedition of the Argonauts. The capital city was 
 galled Colchos. 
 
 Columns of Hercules, two mountains near the 
 
COR 
 
 ftraits of Gibraltar ; that in Spain is called Calpe, the 
 other in Barbary called Abyla. They are faid to have 
 been fet up by Hercules, at the end of his travels, as the? 
 bounds of the weftern world. 
 
 Co Mr it a'l es , a foi t of public Lares, who were looked 
 upon as the guardians of cities and highways. 
 
 Cqmpita'lia, feftivals, in which they offered facri- 
 fices to the Lares, in all the crofs- roads both of town and 
 country. Cicero. 
 
 Comus, the god of feafting, revelry, and nocturnal 
 entertainments. During his feftivals men and women ex- 
 changed each others drefs, "He was reprefentcd as young 
 and beautiful, with a red face, occafioned by too much 
 drinking, beating in his right hand a lighted torch, and 
 his left fupported by a ftaff, r with a garland of "flowers on 
 his head. , 
 
 Concord, a goddefs among the Romans, to whom 
 they erected a fuperb temple, an-i was the daughter of Ju- 
 piter and Themis. She is reprefented on coins, with a 
 cup in one hand, and a horn of plenty in the other, to 
 fhow that plenty attends a country where they live in peace 
 and concord. 
 
 Conon, a noted aftronomer of Samos, who declared 
 that queen Bernice's locks, which had been dedicated in 
 the temple of Venus, and foon after difappeared, were 
 become a conftellation. Virgil. 
 
 Consus, the god of counfels, fuppofed to he the fame 
 as Neptune. The Romans erecled an altar to him under a 
 fmall roof in the great Circus, and celebrated magnificent 
 festivals to his honour, called Confualia. It was during 
 thefe feftivals that Romulus carried away the Sabine wo- 
 men, who had affembled to be fpectators of the games and 
 horferaces. 
 
 Corcy'ra, an ifiand in the Ionian fea, called by the 
 ancients Phaeacia, and now bears the name of Corfu. 
 UlyfTes was fhipwrecked here in his parTage to Ithaca, and 
 it was famous for the gardens of Alcinous. 
 
 Core'sus, a prieft of Bacchus at Calydon in Bceotia, 
 who ftabbed himlelf for the love he bore to a nymph : fee 
 Callirhoe, 
 
 Corinth, a noted and confiderable city in Achaia, 
 
 
COT 
 
 feated in the middle cf the ifthmus going into Pelopotne- • 
 fus. It was founded by Sifyphus the ion of .ZEolus, and 
 received its name from Corhvhus the fon of Pelcps. The 
 inhabitants became fo powerful and wealthy that the Ro- 
 mans grew jealous of their greatnefs j upon which they 
 lent an army againll them, and burnt the city, wherein 
 were many curious ftatues of different ibrts of metal, whence 
 a molt curious mixed metal uroceeded, in higher efteemthan 
 iilver among die Romans, and was called Corinthian b«afs. 
 This city was afterward rebuilt by Julius Cefar. 
 
 Corce'bus, the fon of Mygdon, a fuitor to Caffandra, 
 Priam's daughter. He was fiain by Peneleus, a Grecian, 
 at the deff ruction of Troy. Virgil. 
 
 Coro'nis, a beautiful nymph, daughter of Phlegyas, 
 loved by Apollo. She became pregnant by her lover j 
 but being too familiar with Ifchis the Thciialian, a raven, 
 feeing them together, acquain'ed Apollo therewith, who 
 flew Ivr, and took the infant out of her' womb, which 
 was named .^Efeulapius, and committed to the caie of 
 Chiron. She received divine honours, and had a itatue 
 at Sicycn, in her ion's temple, which was never expofed 
 to public view. Pauf. A daughter of Ccronseus, king of 
 Phocis, whom Minerva metamorphofed into a crow, when 
 ihe fled from the purfuits of Neprune. C<vid. A daughter 
 of Atlas and ^Ethra, and one of the Hyuie?. 
 
 Coti'.va, a name fometimes ufed for the tripod at 
 Delphi, becauie it was covered with the ikin of the leipent 
 Python. 
 
 Corus, the northweft wind, which is cold and boifte- 
 rous. He is reprefented as driving ci'..uds of fnow before him. 
 
 Coryca'ntf.s, ihe priefts of Cyb-le, called ailb Galli, 
 and DaCtyle. They celebrated their feft.vals with bea'ing 
 their cymhals, and dancing about as if delirious. They 
 irft inhabited mount Ida, in Phrygia, and fiom thence 
 affed into Ciete, where they fecretiy brought up Jupiter, 
 
 Co'ryeas, a fon ofjafius and Cybele", who introdu- 
 :ed the worfhip and myfteries of his mother into Phrygia ; 
 and feme fuppofe that the Corybantes received their name 
 from him. 
 
 Coty'tto, the goddefs of all debauchery, whofe fefti- 
 /als called Cotyitia, were celebrated during the night. 
 H 
 
icle about his deftiny, was told he fhould ] 
 of his children. Althaemenes, knowing 
 /herewith his father was threatened, killed 
 
 CRE 
 
 Here priefts were called Baptae, and nothing hut debau- 
 chery and wantonnefs prevailed at her festivals. She 1% 
 fuppofed to be the fams as Proferpine. 
 
 Cr a'teus, the fon of Minos and Pafiphae, who having 
 confulted the oracle about his delttny, was told he ftiould 
 be killed by one 
 the misfortune w ; 
 one of his filters, who had been ravilhed by Mercury, 
 married the reft to foreign princes, and became a voluntary 
 exile himfelf, Crateus, after this, feemed to be free from 
 all danger: however, he could not live without his £ou, I 
 and thei ef ore fitted out a fleet to go in fearch of him. He 
 landed in the iue of Rhodes, where his fon was. The 
 inhabitants took up arms to oppoie Crateus, believing hira 
 to be an enemy ; and Althaemenes let rly an arrow, at Cra- 
 teus, who died with the hurt. When Althasmenes came 
 to know this, he befought the gods to remove him, and 
 be was immediately fwaliowed up in theearth. 
 
 Creon, the fon of Mencecius, and brother to Jocaffa. 
 CEdipus having killed his father Laius, unawares, Creoa 
 cauied himfelf to be proclaimed king of Thebes. In his.* 
 feergn the people were greatly annoyed by the rnonfter; 
 Sphinx, who deftroyed all that could not expound her «d-, 
 die ; whereupon Creon made a public declaration, that ; > 
 whoever would give the intrepretation, (hould have his| 
 iifler Jocafta to wife, and be fupreme governor of the king-j 
 dom. CEdipus explained it lo truly, that the Sphinx cail| 
 herielf down a precipice, and was killed. After this, he I 
 married Jocafta, and was advanced to the throne 5 buf| 
 coming to know that he had married his own mother, im 
 went voluntarily into banifhment, and left the kingdom ta J f 
 his ions, Eteocles and Polynices, who quarrelling, were} 
 both killed in battle. Then the kingdqm came back to) 
 Creon, who commanded that the Argives, and particularly '■■ 
 Polynices, who was the caqfe of 'all the bloodflied, fhculdj 
 remain unburied ; for which cruelty, Thefeus made wac^ 
 on him, and killed him. Statins. A king of Corinth*' 
 whom Medea caufed to die in a miferable manner j See 
 Creusa. 
 
 Crete, a famous ifland, feated between Rhodes 2nd 
 Peloponneius, now called Candy. There, they fay, Ju- 
 
 
CRO 
 
 ptiet was brought up by the Corybnnres, and the Cretans 
 boafted that they could (how his tomb. 
 
 Cre'theus, ion of Mollis, father of i£fon, and king 
 oflo.'chos. His wife, Demodicea, falfly accufed Phryxus 
 ©f having attempted her honour, which Cretheus believed, 
 and would have put him to death j but he fied, with his 
 filler Helle, to Colchis. 
 
 Crethon, (on of Diodes, who went to the fiege of 
 Troy and was killed by iEneas. Homer. 
 
 Creu'sa, a daughter of Creon, king of Corinth, 
 vvVi -n Jafon married, having fir it deferted his wife Medea. 
 To revenge this, Medea fent Creufa a poifoned robe, as a 
 nuptial prefent, which being put on, her body took fire, 
 and (he expired in the greateit torments. The houfe alio 
 was combined by the fire, and Creon and his family {hared 
 Creula's fate. Some call her Glauce. Ovid. The wife 
 of ^Eneas, and daughter of Priam, who was loft in the 
 Greets of Troy, while iEneas, with his father and ion, made 
 fcis efcape* Virgil. 
 
 Crinis, a pndt of Apollo. This god punimed him 
 by filling his fields with rats and mice, becaufe he had neg- 
 lected his duty in facrificing. However, Crinis forfook 
 lis error, and Apollo killed all theie animals with his 
 arrows. 
 
 Crimi'sus, a Trojan prince, who is faid to have wept 
 £> much for the lofs of his daughter, that the gods changed 
 ftim into a river in Sicily, and gave bim a power of trans- 
 forming himfe't' into what fhape he pleafed. He made ufe 
 cf litis privilege to feduce the neighbouring nymphs. Egef- 
 ta,. the daughter of Hippotes, being expofed on the tea by 
 Iier- father, rather twft) fuffer her to be devoured by a mon- 
 fter for the perfidy of Laomedon, was d.iven into Sicily, 
 where Criniius falling in love with her^ he turned himfeif 
 into a dog, or bear, and laid with her, whence proceeded 
 AceHes, who was afterward king of Sicily. 
 
 Crocus, a hancllbme youth, who being in love with 
 a young lady, called Smilax, pined away into a flower of 
 that name. Ovid. A huntfman, who, at the requeft of 
 the Mufes, was changed into a conftellation, and nanaetl 
 Sagittal y. Sidon. 
 
 Ha 
 
CY A 
 
 CRONi f A,.feft!vaIs in honour of Saturn, in which final! 
 p'relents were lent from one to another. 
 
 Cte'siphon, a Greek arcllitecl, who made the plan of 
 the temple of Diana at Ephefus. 
 
 Cuma, a city of JEolis, in Alia Minor, oppofite to 
 Lefbos, die country of the Sibyl called Cuaisa, who af- 
 terward came into Italy. 
 
 Cum^, a city of Campania, in Italy, not far from 
 Puree!:, built by the Cumsei of Ana. 
 
 Cupid, the god of love, fon of Jupiter or Mars, by, 
 Venus, and brother to An teres. He is represented in the 
 figure cf a naked boy, amufing himlelf wish foiue childifh 
 diverfion j fometimes with a fillet overhis eyes, a bow ia 
 his hand, and a quiver on his moulders ; as alfo a torch in 
 one hand, and a bow with arrows, in the other, w herewith 
 he wounds the hearts of lovers. There was another Cupid, 
 diltinguiflied by his debauchery andriotous diipoiition, the 
 fon of Erebus and Nox, and author of the unlawful a- 
 mours. Ovid. Seneca. 
 
 Cure'tes, a people of Crete, called alfo Corybantes. 
 They habited themfelv'es in long veils, like young maidens } 
 and they were the firft that uled drums, and dancing ia 
 armour. 
 
 Cya'ne, a Sicilian nymph, who, helping Proferpine 
 again!! Pluto, was changed into a fountain. Ovid. A 
 nymph ofSyracufe, to whom her father offered violence in 
 a fit of drunkennefs : fee Cyanippus. 
 
 Cyane'a, daughter of the river Meander, and motherof 
 Caunus and Biblis, by Miletus. She was changed into a 
 rock, bec?ufe fiie would not liften to a young man that was 
 padionately in love with her; and who killed himfelf ia 
 her prefence, which did not give her the leaft concern. 
 
 Cyane*^, two rugged Mauds at the entrance of the 
 Euxine fea, with only a fpace of twenty furlongs between 
 them. The waves of the fea, which continually break 
 againft them with a violent noife, fill the air with a dark- 
 ening foam, and render the paffage extremely dangerous. 
 The ancients fuppofed that theie illands floated,, and even 
 fometimes united to crufti veffels into pieces when they 
 palled through the ftrait. They were fometimes called 
 Symplegades. Strabo. Pliny. 
 
CYC 
 
 Cyani'ppus, a Syracufan, who, having contemned 
 
 I the feafts of Bacchus, fell into fuch a fit of drunkennei's, 
 
 I that he violated his daughter Cyane. Soon after the iiland 
 
 I of Syracufe vvas ravaged by a horrible plague ; upon which 
 
 the oracle vvas consulted, who told them the plague fhould 
 
 rot ceale till the inceftous perfbns were faenrked. Cyane 
 
 dragged her father to the altar, where (he facrificed him, 
 
 1 and killed hc-rfelf. 
 
 Cyee'le, daughter of Ccelus and Vefta, wife of Sa- 
 turn, and the great mother of the gods. She was other- 
 wife called Ops, and Rhea, and fometimes alfo Vella. 
 She was expo led foon after her birth to the wild hearts, 
 which took care of her, and fed her. She had an intrigue 
 with Atys, a beautiful youth, whom" (he made her prieit, 
 and enjoined him perpetual celibacy; but violating his 
 promife, he expiated it by voluntary mutilation. The 
 Corybanres and Galli were her priefls, who worshipped 
 her with the (bund of drums, p r pes, and cymbals, dancing 
 about like madmen and foretelling things to come. She is 
 reprefented with a tower on hei head, a key in her hand, 
 a flowered gown, and furrounded by animals ; fometimes 
 file is placed upon a car, drawn by lions. O-uid. Virgil. 
 
 Cy'clades, nymphs transformed into a circular cluf- 
 Icr of iflands irj the .flEgeaii fea, becaufe they did not facri- 
 fice to Neptune. 
 
 Cyclops, a race of gigantic men, who arMed Vul- 
 can in forging Jupiter's thunderbolts. They had only one 
 eye, which was in the middle of the fo; ehead, and of a 
 circular figu.e. Polyphemus, Brontes, Sterope=, and Py- 
 racmon, are the moft noted among the poet^. They were 
 an ancient people, inhabiting the ifland of Sicily, who, 
 being powerful in feats of war, were termed giants by the 
 poets. They were kiiied by Apollo, ro revenge the dea'h 
 of his fon /Elcuiapius, whom Jupiter had (lain with a 
 thunderbolt forged by them. Virgil. Ovid. Hejiod: 
 
 CyCiVUS, or-CyGNUS, a ion of Mars fla in by Her- 
 cules. — A fon of Neptitne ftrangled by Achilles in the 
 Trojan war, and fumed into a fw3n. — A prince of Ly- 
 guria, who bewailing tl:e death of his relation Phaeton, 
 was metamorphofed into a (wan. — A fon of Hyrie, of 
 Tempein Bceotia, who being denied a bull which he a(k- 
 H 3 
 
CYR 
 
 ed for, threw himfelf from off a fteep place, and was 
 changed,, in to a fwan. Hefiod O-vid. Virgil, 
 
 Cydip'pe, a noble and beautiful lady, beloved by A- 
 contius : fee Acontius.— The mother of Cleobis and 
 Bilon : fee Cleobis. 
 
 Cylle'nius, a furname of Mercury, from his being 
 born on the moun.ain Cyllene, in Arcadia; or, as others 
 fay, from his image being iomerimes represented without 
 hands and feet. 
 
 Cynosu'ra, a nymph of Ida in Crete, who 'nurfed 
 Jupiter, and was changed by him into a conftellation called 
 the Little Bear. Ovtd.- 
 
 Cy'nthia, a name of Diana, who was fald to be born 
 on the mountain Cynthus. — It is frequently a name for 
 the Imoon . 
 
 Cy'nthius, a name of Apollo from fhe hill Cynthus, 
 in Delos, fb high that its fhadow is faid to fpread over the 
 whole ifland. 
 
 Cypari'ssus, a youth of extraordinary beauty, be- 
 loved by A^oilo. He being difconfolate for the death of a 
 favourite flag of Apollo's, which lie had accidentally kill- 
 ed in hunting, the god changed him into a cyprds tree. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Cy'pria, Cypris, and Cyprogenia, names of 
 Venus, from the diand Cyprus, where file was bom and 
 woifhipped. 
 
 Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediterranean fea, feated 
 between Syria and Cilicia, whofe inhabitants were much 
 given to pleafufe and diifipation. It has been celebrated 
 for giving birth to Venus, who was the ch>ef deify of the 
 iflnnd, and to whole ieivice many places and temples were 
 confec rated. Its two principal cities were Salamis and 
 Paphos. 
 
 Cy'pselus, a man of Corinth, who deftroyed the 
 BacchiuJa?, and feized on the fovereign power, which he 
 held 30 vears. SeeLABOA. 
 
 Cyre'ne, the daughter of Peneus, and mother of Arif- 
 taeus, by Apollo.— A city of Libya in Africa, built by 
 a Grecian colony, of whom Arifbeus was chief, who gave 
 it his mother's name. . 
 
DyED 
 
 Cyrn t us, a fon of Hercules, from whom the ifland now 
 called Corfica had its name. VirgiL Pauf. 
 
 Cyrrha, one of the two tops of mount Parnaflus, fa- 
 cred to Apollo and the Mufes. 
 
 Cythe'ra, an ifland between Pel-cponnclus and Crete, 
 near which Venus arofe from the froth of the fea. . The 
 inhabitants of this ifland were worfhippers of Venus, and 
 ere£led a fvpeib temple to her honour, under the name of 
 Venus Urania. 
 
 Cytherje'a, and Cytheris, names of Venus, from 
 the. iiTand Cythera, which are facred to her. 
 
 Cythe'ron, a fhepherd of Bceotia, who counfelled Ju- 
 piter to pretend a new marriage, in order to bring back 
 Juno, from whom he was divorced. This expedient was 
 attended with fucctfs 5 and Jupiter, to reward the fhep- 
 licrd, metamorphofed him into a mountain near the city of 
 Thebes; lee Cith^eron. 
 
 D 
 
 DA'CTYLI, a nnme given to the priefts of Cybele, 
 fcecaufe they were ten, the fame number as the fingers 
 cf the hands. Pauf. They are more ufually called Cory- 
 fca-mes. 
 
 D^da'lion - , a fon of Lucifer, and brother to Ceyx. 
 He was fo grieved for the death of Chione his daughter, 
 that he threw himfelf from the top of mount ParnafTus, 
 and was (hanged into a faicon by Apollo. G~o'id. 
 
 DiF. dalus, an Athenian, Jon of EujUalamus, defcend- 
 edfrcm Eicc"iheus, king of Athens, He was an ingenious 
 artift, who invented the faw, the ax, the plummet, the' 
 auger, and glue ; he alfo firft contrived yards and fails for 
 /hips, and made frames fo admirably that they moved as if 
 living. Being accufed of the death of Perdix, his nephew, 
 he fled into Cicie, and 'here made the labyrinth, into which 
 JMinos put him ftnd his fon Icarus ; becaufe he had made a 
 cow of wood, wherein Panpipe p acingherfeif, became guilty 
 6f monftrous leWdnefs. He, (eeing noway to efcape, de- 
 fied feathers and wax, to make a prefent, as he pretended, 
 
DAN 
 
 for the king ; but he made himfelf and his Ton wings there- 
 with, and io fiew from Crete to Cume ; where, having loft 
 his fon on the way, by the melting of the wax that held 
 the feathers together, becaufe he foared too near the tun, 
 he built a temple to Apollo ; and thence directed his courfe 
 to Sicily, where he was kindly received by Cocalus. Ovid. 
 Virgil. Pauf. 
 
 Daemon, a kind of fpirit, or genius, which prefided 
 over the actions of mankind, gave them private counfeis, 
 and watched over their fecret intentions. Some fay that 
 every perfon had two of thefe daemons, the one bad and 
 the other good ; and that they had the power of affuming 
 whatever (napes were molt fubfervient to their intentions. 
 Thefe genii or daemons, though at firlt deemed only fub- 
 Oidinate minifters of the fu peri or deities, in length of time 
 received divine honours. 
 
 Da'nae, the daughter of Acrifius king of Argos, by 
 Eurydice. She was fbut up in a brazen tower by her 
 father, who had been told by an oracle that he mould be 
 (lain by his grandfon j but his endeavours proved fruitlefs, 
 for Jupiter, turning himfelf into a golden {bower, had 
 criminal intercourfe with her. After her delivery, Acri-» 
 fius cauiecl her and the infarst to be put into a cheft and 
 rail: into the fea. The chert was thrown upon the ifland 
 Seriphus, where D.clys, a nfherman, found it, and pre- 
 fnted them to the king' Polydectes, who was enamoured 
 of Danae, and brought up her fon Perieus^who afterward 
 flew his grandfather, and turned Polydectes into a ftone. 
 0<vid. Horace. 
 
 Dana'jd£s, the fifty daughters of Danaus, who were 
 married to their coufins the fifty Ions of JEgyptus, yvhere- 
 of all but Hyperrnneftra flew their hufbands upon the wed- 
 ding-night; for which they were condemned to fill a tub 
 full of holes with water in the infernal regions. 
 
 Dana'us, a king of Argos, and brother of iEgyptus. 
 He failed into Greece, and having expelled king Sthenelus, 
 fixed his habitation at Argos, whence the Grecians were 
 called Danai. He had fifty daughters, called Danaides 
 and Belides, whom he married to the fifty fons of his bro- 
 ther, but ordered them to murder their hufbands the firfr. 
 n ; ght of their nuptials, being terrified by an oracle which 
 
 
DEI 
 
 threatened his ruin by one of his ions -in-law. His orders 
 were executed by all except Hypermneirra, who fpared the 
 life of Lynceus, whom Danaus perfecuted with unremit- 
 ting fury, but at length acknowledged him for his fuc- 
 ceflbr. Apollod. ?auf. 
 
 Daphne, a nymph and daughter of Peneus, a river of 
 Theffaly, beloved by Apollo, who was changed into a 
 laurel as /lie fled to fecure herchaility from the violence of 
 bis paffion. O-vid. 
 
 Daphnis, a young fhephexd of Sicily, the fon of Mer- 
 cury, and the firft writer of paftorals. He was in love 
 with a nymph, and agreed with her, that if either of them 
 broke their plighted faith, the party offending mould be 
 punifhed with the lofs of both eyes. Daphnis forgetting 
 his promife, fell in love with another nymph, and was 
 immediately itruck blind. 
 
 Darda'nia, a city or country in Afia Minor, other- 
 wife called Troas, from which the Trojans were called 
 Dardani and Dardanidae. 
 
 Da'rdanus, a ion of Jupiter and Ele6rra, who, having 
 killed his brother Jaiius, fled into Afia, and there built 
 the city Dardania, afterward called Troy from Tros, the 
 fon of Ericlhonius, and grandchild of Dardanus j as alio 
 Ilium, from llus, the fon of Tros. V'irg. Ovid. 
 
 Daunus, a fon of Pilumnus by Danae, and father of 
 Turnus. He reigned over part of the country of Apulia, 
 which from him was called Daunia. Strabo. 
 
 Dei anj'ra, a daughter of CEnus; king of ./Eknia, who 
 was firit betrothed to Achelous, and afterward to Her- 
 cules. The hero and his wife defigning to crofs a river, 
 Ncllus the Centaur offered to help the biide over ; but as 
 her hurband remained on :he other ikle, he attempted to 
 ravifh her, upon which Hercules fiiot him with an arrow, 
 poifoned with the blood of Hydra. Neilus, as he was ex- 
 piring, gave Deianua a fhirr, died with his oun blood, 
 telling her, that if her hurband wore it, he could love no 
 other weman but hetfeif. This ciedulous woman, hear- 
 ing her huiband was fallen in love with lole of CEchalia, 
 fent him the ihirt, which he had no fooner put on, but he 
 fell mad, then flew Lichas, who brought it, and threw 
 himfelf info a fare on Mount Oeta. Deianira, hearing of 
 
DIO 
 
 Fauns, Rind the Dryades, "celebrated feftivals to her honour. 
 She is reprefented taller by the head than her nymphs, arm- 
 ed with a bow and quiver full of arrows, with a crefcent 
 on her head ; her face fbmething manly, her legs bare, 
 well-ihaped, and ftrong, and her feet covered withbuflcins; 
 (he is generally attended with dogs, and fometimes drawn 
 in a chariot by two white flags. She had a temple at 
 Ephefus,-' which was faid to be the molt magnificent in the 
 world. 0*uid, Piiny. 
 
 Dicty'nna, a nymph of Crete, who firft invented hunt- 
 ing nets. She was one of Diana's attendants, and for that 
 reafon the goddeis is often called by this name. Some fup- 
 pole her to be the fame as BiitomaTtis. Pauf. 
 
 Dictys, a fifherman who preferred PerfCus and his 
 mother Danae, when thrown into /the lea ; and was after- 
 ward made king of Seriphus by Perhus, who depoled Poly- 
 de&es, becanfe he behaved with wantonnefs to Danae. 
 Apollod. One of the Centaurs, (lain by Pirithous, at the 
 tftarriage of Hippodamia. 0<vid. 
 
 Dido, ;he daughter of Belus, Icing of Tyre, who mar- 
 ried her uncle Sichaens, the prieft of Herctiles. When 
 her brother Pygmalion had, through covefoufnefs, bafely 
 murdered Sicbaeus, fhe with her belt effects, failed into 
 Africa, and bought as" much land as fhe could compafs 
 with an ox's hide, which fhe cut into very fmall thongs, 
 and incloied therewith a great quantity of ground. She 
 built Carthage upon this ipot, and loon after larbas, king 
 of M-aurita-sia, would have forced her to marry him ; but 
 ihe, rather than break her vow of fidelity to her deceafed 
 lord, ftabhed Jserfelf. Virgil pretends that fhe did it, be- 
 cause fhe was forfaken by .ZEneaS ; but that is impoflible, 
 according to the beft chronology; for Carthnge was not 
 built till two hundred and fifty ysais after his time. 
 *)iiftin. Virgil. 
 
 Di'espiter, a furname of Jupiter, as being the father 
 of light. 
 
 Diome'des, a king of Thrace, fon of Mars and Cy- 
 rene, who fed his horfes with human flefli. It was one of 
 the labours of Hercules to deftroy this tyrant, who gave 
 him to "be devoured to his own horfes which he had fed fo 
 barbaroufly, Pauf t A kingcf iEtolia, for. of Tydeus by 
 
DI S 
 
 Delpyla, and one of the braved Grecian chiefs at the fiege 
 ofTioy: when he returned to his own country he was 
 afhamed to go home to his wife ^giale, on account of her 
 lewdnefs ; and therefore, departed into Italy, where he 
 fhared the kingdom with Daunas. From his father he is 
 fometimes called Tydides. Homer, Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 .Dio'ne, a lea nymph, daughter of Nereus and Doris. 
 She was mother of Venus, by Jupiter, whence fhe is fome- 
 times call d Dionoea. Virgil. Homer. 
 
 Diony'sia, feftivals in honour of Bacchus among the 
 Gree<?, the fame as Bacchanalia of the Romans. 
 
 Diony'sitjs, a name cf Bacchus,' fo called from the 
 city Nvfa, where he had a fuperb temple. It is alfo the 
 name of two tyrants in Sicily. 
 
 Droscir'ai, a name given to Caftor and Pollux, as 
 fons of Jupter. « Their feftivals, called Diofcuria, were 
 celebrated with much jovial feftivity ; particularly by the 
 Lacedaemonians, who made a free ufe of the gifts of Bac- 
 chus, and diverted ihemfelves with iptrts, of which wieil- 
 ling mulches always, made a part. 
 
 Dm/E,..a name of the Furies, who perfecuted the fouls 
 of the guilty. They are alfo called Eumenides. 
 
 Bis.ce, the wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, whom he 
 married after he had divorced Antiope. She perceiving 
 that Antiope was with child, was jealous of her hufband, 
 and threw her into prifon, from whence Jupiter releafed 
 her, and (he was delivered of Amphion and Zethus, who 
 afterward flew Lycus, and tied Dirce to the tail of a wild 
 bull, which- dragged her about, till the gods out of pity 
 turned her into a fountain. 0~uid. Propertius. 
 
 Dis, a name of Pluto, king of hell, becaufe all our 
 wealth comes from the bowels of the earth. 
 
 Disco'rdia, the goddefs of difcord, whom Jupiter 
 banilhed out of heaven for exciting divifions among the 
 gods. She was difpleafed at not being invited to the mar- 
 riage of Thetis and Peleus, with the other gods ; and, 
 refolving to be revenged, threw a golden apple upon the 
 table, with thefe words written on it, Let it be given to 
 the faireft. Juno, Pallas, and Venus, contended for the 
 apple, till Paris, by the order of J upiter, ended the differ- 
 ence in favour of Venus, which occafioned a great deal of 
 
DRY 
 
 mlfchief. She is reprefented with fnakes on her head, in- 
 stead of hair, holding a burning torch in one hand, and a 
 ferpent and a poniard in the other, with a pale countenance, 
 fiery ftarting eyes, a foaming mouth, and bloody hands. 
 Virgil. Hefiod. 
 
 Dithyra'mbus, a name of Bacchus; whence a fort 
 of licentious poems made in honour of Bacchus, were called 
 Dithyrambics. Horace, 
 
 Dodo'na, a city of Epirus, in Greece, on the borders 
 ofTheffaly, famous for its fountain and grove, wherein 
 was a temple confecrated to Jupiter, as alio for the oracles 
 delivered there, which were laid to proceed from the oaks, 
 and the doves which inhabited the place. 
 
 Dodo'n^eus, a furname of Jupiter, from the city 
 Dodona, where he had the moft ancient oracle of all 
 Greece. 
 
 Dodo'nides, the priefteiTes who gave oracles in the 
 temple of Jupiter at Dodona. According to fome the tem- 
 ple was originally inhabited by the Hyades, who nurfed 
 Bacchus. In the latter ages the oracles were always deli- 
 vered by three old women. 
 
 Dolon, a Trojan famous for his fwiftnefs, who, 
 coming into the Grecian camp as a fpy, was taken by 
 UlyfTes ; and though he difcovered the defigns of ihe Tro-" 
 jans, he was (lain to prevent his telling more tales. 
 
 Do'lqfes, a people of Epirus, in Greece, who went 
 to the fiege of Troy under Phoenix. 
 
 Doris, a nymph of the fea, daughter of Oceanus and 
 Tethys^ who being married to her brother Nereus, had 
 fifty daughters by him, called Nereides. Her name is 
 ibmetimes ufed to exprefs the fea itfelf. Hefiod. Virgil. 
 
 Druids, priefts of the ancient Britons and Gauls, who 
 took care of the facritices, prefcrihed laws for their worfhip, 
 and inftiu£led the youth. They held oaks in great efteem, 
 but efpecially mifletpe growing on oaks, which they wor- 
 fhipped. They ufed to facrifice men to Mercury, which 
 barbaious cuftom was taken away by Claudius Cefar. 
 Cicero. Tacitus. Suetonius. 
 
 Dry'ades, nymphs or goddsfles who prefide over the 
 woods. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Dky'qpe, a nymph of Arcadia, beloved by Neptune, 
 
ECT 
 
 One day holding her fon in her arms, (he tore off a branch 
 of the tree calfed lotus, for a plaything. Bacchus, to 
 whom this plant was dedicated, was fo angry, that he 
 changed her into a tree. Some fay (he was a nymph ra- 
 vifhed by Apollo, afterward married to Andrsemon, and 
 at laft turned into a lotus. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Duli'ckium, an ifland in the Ionian fea, near Ithaca, 
 and part of the kingdom of UlyfTes. 
 
 Dy'ndimene, a name of Cybeie, from a mountain fo 
 called, where fhe had a fuperb temple. 
 
 E 
 
 N. B. For Erope, Eihra, &c. fee JErope, JEthra, &c. 
 
 ECHl'DNA, a celebrated monfter, fprung from the 
 union of Chryfaor with Callirhoe, the daughter of Oceanus. 
 She is reprefented as a beautiful woman in the upper parts 
 of the body, and as a ierpent below the waift. She was, 
 by Typhon, the mother of Cerberus, the Hydra, &c. 
 
 Echi'nades, nymphs turned into iflands of the fame 
 name, for not having invited Achelous to a facrifice of ten 
 bulls, though they had invited all the other gods of the 
 woods' and rivers. Ot'id. 
 
 E'chion, one of >hofe men who fprung from the dra- 
 gon's teeth, and sffifted Cadmus in building Thebes. He 
 marned Agave, daughter of Cadmus, and fucceeded his 
 father-in-law on the throne of Thebes. Ovid. 
 
 Echo, the daughter of Air and Terra, who chiefly 
 dwelt on the banks of the river Cephifus. Juno con- 
 demned her to repeat nothing but the laft word of thole 
 who aflced her any queftion, becaufe (he had fpoken impru- 
 dently to her. She afterward fell in love with Narcilfus ; 
 but being (lighted, (he retired into the grottos, mountains, 
 and forefts, where (he pined away, and was changed into 
 a rock. 
 
 E'ction, the father of Andromache, and king of 
 Thebes in Ciiicia. Hence Eftioneus is applied to his re- 
 lations or defcendants. Homer. 
 I % 
 
ELI 
 
 Ege'ria, a nymph of lingular beauty, whom Diana 
 changed into a fountain. Teeming women were wont to 
 facrifice to her, that they might have an eafy labour j and 
 Numa gave out that hex received a vifit from her every night, 
 and that me taught him his religious rights. Liuy. 0<vid. ' 
 
 Ege'sta, the daughter of Hippotes, a nobJe Trojan, 
 who, fearing to be facrificed to a lea inonftet for Laome- 
 don's perfidy, was put into a boat, and landing in Sicily, 
 me there had Acelles by Crinifus. 
 
 Ele'ctra, a daughter of Oceanus and' Tethys, the 
 mother of Dardanus, by Jupiter. 0<vid. A daughter of 
 Atlas and Pleione, changed with her filters, into a conftel- I 
 lation. Apollod. A daughter of Agamemnon and Cly- 
 temneftra, and lifter of Oreftes, whom (he perfuaded to 
 revenge the death of Agamemnon, who had been afTalfi- 
 nated by ./Egifthus,. in concert with Clytemneftra, at his 
 return from Troy. Pduf. 
 
 Ele'ctryon, a king of Mycenae, fon of Perleus and 
 Andromeda, brother to Alcaeus, and father to Alcmena, 
 Sec. The Thebans having ravaged his country and killed 
 all his fons, except Lycimnius, he promifed his crown and 
 daughter to him who would undertake to punifh the The- 
 bans. Amphitryon offered himlelf and fucceeded. Elec- 
 tryon afterward inadvertently perilhed by the hand of his 
 ion- in- law. Apollod. Pauf* 
 
 Elele'us, a furname of Bacchus, from the acclama- 
 tion ufed by the Bacchantes, when animating the foldiers 
 for war, and in celebrating the orgies. Q-vid. 
 
 Eleusi'nia, a name of Ceres, and of a great feftival 
 to her honour, from Eleufis, a city of Attica, where Hie 
 had a magnificent temple, and where her myfttries were 
 celebrated more exactly than in any other part of the world. 
 During the celebration they kept a profound filence, and 
 it was looked upon as a great crime to reveal the lealt cir- 
 cumftance relating thereto. 
 
 Elis, a country of Peloponnefus, weft of Arcadia, and 
 watered by the river Alpheus. The capita! of the country 
 is of the lame name, and famous for the Olympic games 
 there celebrated. 
 
 Elj'sa, a daughter of Belus king of Tyre* rrjor.e com- 
 moniy known by the name of Dido. 
 
ENN 
 
 Elpe'nor, one of the companions of Ulyrfes, who was 
 j changed by Circe into a hog $ and when he was afterward 
 ! reilored 10 his fhape, he fell from a high roof, and broke 
 I his neck. Ovid. 
 
 Elyma'is, a country of Perfia, whofe capital was of 
 i the fame name, and famous for a rich temple of Diana. 
 
 Ely'sitjm, the place affigned by the poets for the ha- 
 jbitation of the fouls of good men after death: hence they 
 (peak of the Elyfian fields, where there is an everlafting 
 verdure, with perpetual happinefs. 
 
 Ema'thion, a fon of Titan and Aurora, who reigned 
 in Macedonia. The country was called Emathia from his 
 name. Some fay that he was a famous robber, and killed 
 all thofe who fell into his hands. He was (lain by Hercu- 
 les, and the fields which he frequented were called the 
 Emathian plains. Ovid. Jitflin. 
 
 Empe'docles, a philosopher and poet of Sicily, who 
 warmly adopted the doctrine of tranfmigration. His poetry 
 was bo'd and animated, and his verfes were publicly re- 
 cited at the Olymp'c games with thole of Homer and He- 
 fiod. It is reported that his curiofity to vifit the flames of 
 the crater of ./Etna proved fatal to him. 
 
 Ence'ladus, a fon of Titan and Terra, or, as others 
 fay, of Tartarus and Terra. Jupiter overwhelmed him 
 with mount ^Etna, where he was half burnt 5 and, as 
 often as he ftirs, the mountain throws out torrents of fire. 
 Virgil. 0%>id. One of -the fifty ions of Egyptus, whom 
 Amymone, one of the Danaides, flew the 'firft night of 
 their nuptials. 
 
 Endy'mion, a fhepherd, the fon of iEthlius, whom 
 becaufe he found out the courie cf the moon, the poets 
 feign that Cynthia fell in love with, and, that me might 
 be more free with him, carl: him into a deep deep on mount 
 Latmos. Others fay he was furprifed with Juno, and was 
 thrown into a deep ileep for thirty years. Ovid.., 
 
 Eni/peus, a fhepherd of Theffafy, who changed him- 
 felf into a river to fu;prife Tyro, This nymph, perceiv- 
 ing his water to be fo extremely clear, was defirous of 
 bathing herfelf in it, and then the was caught byEnipeus. 
 
 En-na, a city in the middle of Sicily^ near which wa6 
 1 3 
 
EPI 
 
 the temple of Ceres, and a beautiful grove, out of which 
 Pluto carried away Proferpine. 
 
 E'nnius, an ancient Latin poet, who obtained the name 
 and privileges of a Roman citizen by his genius and the 
 brilliancy of his learning. 
 
 E'nyo, the filter of Mars, and goddefs of war, called 
 Bellona by the Latins. 
 
 Eos, the name of Aurora, goddefs of the morning, 
 among the Greeks. Ovid. 
 
 Eo'us, Lucifer, or the morning (tar. Alfo one of the 
 horfes of the fan. Virgil. 
 
 E'paphus, a fon of Jupiter and Io, who built Mem- 
 phis, in Egypt, where he was worshipped as a god. He 
 is fbmetimes called Inachides, from his grandfather Ina- 
 ctive. 0<vid. \ 
 
 E'peus, an ingenious workman, who was the fabrica- 
 tor of the famous wooden horfe which proved the ruin of 
 Troy. Vrgil. 
 
 E'phesus, the capital of Tonia, faid to be built by the' 
 Amazous, where ftood the famous temple of Diana, which 
 was reckoned one of the feven wonder? of the world. 
 
 Ephia'ltes and Othus, two giants, fons of Neptune 
 and Iph-.medja, who every year grew taller by an ell : they 
 ■were but fifteen years old when they attempted to fcale 
 the heavens. See Aloides. 
 
 Epicha'rmus, a poe : and philofopher of Sicily, whofe 
 comp • iitions were imitated by Plautus. He wrote feme 
 treaties upon philofophy and medicine, and obferved that 
 the gods fold ail their kmdneflvs for toil and labour. 
 
 Epidau'rus, a city of Agria, in Peloponnefu*, ctvefly 
 dedicated- to the woiflvp of JEfculapius, who had there a 
 famous temple. 
 
 Epi'goni, the polleiity of thofe Grecian heroes who 
 were killed in the firft T~heban war under Adraftus. 
 
 Efime'nipes, an epic poet of Crete, who entering in- 
 to a cavern, fl?pt fifty-li-ven years, and when he came out 
 he found every objecl fo altered thai he fcarce knew Wihere 
 he was. It is fuppoied that he lived 289 years 5 and after 
 death he was revered as a god, particularly by the Athe- 
 nians, whom he had delivered from a plaguej and inftru&ed 
 with niany good and ufefui counfels, Pliny. Plutarch, 
 
ERI 
 
 Epime'theus, fon of Japetus, and brother to Prome- 
 theus. He married Pandora, a ftatue animated by Jupiter, 
 on whom every god bellowed fome fine quality to render 
 her perfect j and ihe prefented him with a beautiful box, 
 which he had the curiofny to open, and from thence iflfued 
 a train of evils that have ever fince afrii6kd the human 
 race. Epimetheus was changed into a monkey by the gods, 
 and banifhed into the ifland Pithecufa. 
 
 Epi'rus, a country between Achaia, Macedonia, and 
 the Ionian fea. It was famous for a breed of horles and 
 oxen. O~oid. 
 
 Fpo'peus, a fon of Neptune and Canace, who carried 
 away Antiope, daughter of Nycteue king of Thebes. This 
 rspe was followed by a war, in which Nycleus and Epo- 
 peus were both killed. Pauf. 
 
 Era'to, one of the nine mufes, who prefided over 
 lyric poetry. She is reprefented as a young cheerful wo- 
 man, crowned with myrtle and rofes, holding a lyre in 
 her hand, and at her fide a winged Cupid, with his bow 
 and quiver. 
 
 E'reeus, the fon of Chaos, married to his fifter Ncx. 
 He was metamorphofed into a river, and precipitated to the 
 bottom of the infernal regions, for having aflifted the 
 Titans. The poets often ufe Erebus to fignify hell itfelf, 
 •and particularly thar part where dwelt the fouls of the vir- 
 tuous, from which they palled into Elyfinm. 
 
 Ere'ctheus, a king of Athens, who in a war againfl 
 Eleufis ,'acrifked his daughter Othonia to obtain a viclory 
 which the oracle promifed for fuch a facrifke. In that war 
 he killed Eumolpus, fon of Nepune, for which he was 
 ftruck with thunder by Jupiter at Neptune's requeft. 
 According to fome accounts, he firft introduced the 
 myfteries of Ceres at Eleufis. 0<vid. Pauf. 
 
 Eri'chtheus, a hunter brought up by Minerva, who 
 caufed him to be proclaimed king of Athens. It is faid he 
 was lb (kilful in (hooting with arrow-, that, when his fon 
 was encircjed with a dragon, he killed that monfter without 
 hurting his fon. Virgil. 
 
 Erichtho'nius, a king of Athens, fprung from the 
 feed of Vulcan, which fell upon the ground when that god 
 attempted to offer violence to Minerva. After his birth he 
 
ER Y 
 
 was (hut up in a baflcet by Minerva, and committed to 
 the care of the daughters of Cecrops, Aglaura, Herfe, and 
 Pandofa, with a charge not to open it 5 but Aglaura and" 
 Herfe could not reftrain their curiofity ; for which reafon. 
 Minerva caufed them to grow mad, and throw themfelves 
 down a precipice. When Erichthonius grew up, he had 
 fuch i!l-fhaped legs, he did not care to appear in public, 
 on which account he invented the car, which hid half his 
 body. Onjid. 
 
 Erida'nus, the chief river of Italy, now called the Po. 
 It was in its neighbourhood that the Heliades were changed 
 into poplars, according to Ovid. 
 
 Erigone, a daughter of Icarius, who hanged herfelf 
 for grief that her father was killed. She was made a con- 
 stellation, now known under the name of Virgo. Bacchus 
 deceived her by turning himfelf into a bunch of grapes. 
 Ovid. Virgil. 
 
 Eri'nnys, a common name of the three infernal Furies. 
 
 Eri/phyle, the wife of Amphiaraus, who betrayed 
 her hufband for the lucre of a bracelet, for which me was 
 afterward flain by her fon Alcmeon, as his father had. 
 directed him. 
 
 Eris, the goddefs of difcord among the Greeks ; the 
 fame as Difcordia of the Latins. 
 
 Erisi'chthon, a Theflalian lord, who derided Ceres 
 and cut down her groves. This impiety irritated the god- 
 defs", who afHicled him with fuch continual hunger, that he 
 devoured all his fubftance, and, after that, proftituted his 
 daughter Metra to fupply himfelf with provisions, and at 
 laft died for want. 
 
 Eros, the god of love, more ufually called by the name 
 of Cupid. 
 
 Ero'stratus, an Ephefian, who, with an intent to 
 render his name immortal, fet the temple of Dnna, at 
 Ephefus, on fire, the fame night that Alexander the Great 
 was born. After this facl was committed, -the Areopagus 
 publifhed an edicl, whereby it was forbidden, under fevere 
 penalties to pronounce the name of Eroftratus ; by which 
 means he obtained the immortality that he fought after. 
 
 Ery'cjna, a furname of Venus, fo called from a tem- 
 ple built to her honour on mount Eryx, in Sicily. 
 
EVA 
 
 Eryma'nthus, a mountain, river, and town in Arca- 
 dia, where Hercules killed a "prodigious boar that waited 
 the country, which he carried on his fnoulders to Euryft- 
 heus, who was To terrified at the fight that he hid himtelf 
 in a brazen verTel. Pauf. Virgil. 
 
 Eryx, the fon of Butis and Venus, or rather Lycafte, 
 a noted courtefan of Sicily, who for her beauty was called 
 Venus. His ftrength was lb prodigious, that he wreftled 
 with all paffengers, and killed them ; but Hercules fought 
 with him and Iriiied him, and then buried him under the 
 temple he had dedicated to Venus. Virgil. A mountain 
 of Sicily, near Drepanum, winch received its name from 
 Eryx, who was buried there. Its top was enlarged, and 
 inclofed with a (trong wall by Daedalus, who confecrated 
 there to Venus Erycina a golden heifer, which refembled 
 life { lo much, that it leemed to exceed the power of art. 
 O-vid. Pauf. 
 
 Eteo'cles, the elder fon of CEdipus, by Jocafta, who 
 agreed with his brother Polynices, that, after their fetter's 
 death, they fhouid rule alternately, year by year ; but be, 
 having reigned his year, would not nfign the government j 
 upon which Polynices went to Argos, where King Adraf- 
 tus aflllied him with a ftrong army, and a battle enfuing, 
 they met in the field, and killed each oth<-r. It is laid that 
 their bodies being burned on one pile, the fljrae parted, 
 to (how that their antipathy, when dead, was as gieat as 
 when living. Statins. Afallod, 
 
 Ete'si/E, northern winds which grife yearly about the 
 dogdays, and blow gently for foity days together the fame 
 way. 
 
 Etha'lion, one of the Tyrrhene failors, who were 
 metamorphoied into dolphins for cairymg away Bacchus. 
 Qvid, 
 
 Etr.u'ri^x, a celebrated country of Italy, to the weft 
 of the Tiber. The inhabitants were particularly famous 
 for' their iuperftition, anH Uriel confidence in omens, 
 dreams, auguries, &c. Pibiy. 
 
 Eva'dne, a daughter of Mars and Thebe, the wife of 
 Afopas ; hur fome make her the daughter of I phis of Ar- 
 gos, which is favoured by Ovii, who calls her Iphias. 
 She was the wife of Capaneus, who, when (he heaid he 
 
EUM 
 
 was (lain by thunder, grew ftupid, and afterward threw 
 herfelf on his burning pile, and perifhed in the flames. 
 Propertius. Ovid. 
 
 Evan, a name of Bacchus, from the ejaculation of the 
 Bacchantes, who were therefore fometimes called Evantes. 
 Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Eva'nder, a fon of Mercury, by the prophetefs Nicof- 
 trata. He was king of Arcadia, but an accidental murder 
 obliged him to leave his country ; and taking his mother 
 with him, he pafTed over into Italy, drove out the Abori- 
 gines, and reigned in that part of the country where Rome 
 was afterward founded. He kindly received Hercules when 
 he returned from the conquefc of Geryon ; and gave enter- 
 tainment and protection ro ./Eneas, when he landed in Italy. 
 He was honoured as a god ?fter death, and his fubjecls 
 raifed him an altar on mount Aventine. Virgil. Pauf. 
 
 Eubce'a, an ifland of Greece, near the continent of 
 Bosotia, now called Negropont. 
 
 Eudo'ra. a daughter of Atlas, one of the Hyades. 
 
 Eve'nus, a king of ^Stolia, fon of Mars and Sterope. 
 He was fo nettled at having been beat in a race by Idas, 
 to whom he had pro mi fed his daughter Marpefla in mar- 
 riage, if he mould gain the victory, that he threw himlelf 
 into a river, which afterward bore his name. Ovid. 
 
 E'uhyus, or Evius, a name of Bacchus, given him 
 in the war of the giant? again ft Jupiter, Horace. 
 
 Eu'meus, a favourite of Ulyfles, to whom he commit- 
 ted the care of his dominions, when he departed for the 
 fiege of Troy ; and he was the firit that knew him when 
 he returned back. 
 
 Eume'mides, the three furies of hell, daughters of 
 Acheron and Nox j their names were Ale£to, Megsera, 
 and Tihphone. They punimed the wicked in Tartarus, 
 with whips made of ferpents, and lighted torches. They 
 are represented with looks full of terror, their heads covered 
 with lnakes inftead of hair, and holding ferpents and 
 torches in their hands. 
 
 Eumo'lpus, a king of Thrace, fon of Neptune and 
 Chione, who was made prieft of Ceres by Erectheus k : ng 
 of Athens. He afterward made war againlt Ereclheus, 
 and they both perifhed in battle. 
 
EUR 
 
 Euphra'tes, a large and celebrated river of Mefopo- 
 tamia, in Afia, now called theFrat. 
 
 Eupho'reus, a famous Trojan, fon of Panthous, 
 from whom he is fometimes called Panthoides. He was 
 the firit who wounded Patroclus, whom Heftor killed. 
 He periihed by the hands of Menelaus, who hung his fhield 
 in the temple of Juno at Argos. Ovid. Homer. 
 
 Euphro'syne, one of the three Graces, fo called 
 from her cheerfulnefs ; becaufe we ought to be free and 
 cheerful, as well in doing as receiving a kindnefs. 
 
 Euri'pidES, a celebrated tragic poet, born at Salamis, 
 the fame day that Xerxes' army was defeated by the 
 Greeks. He was peculiarly happy in exprefling the paf- 
 fion of love, efpecially the more tender and animated. He 
 wrote feventy-five tragedies, of which only nineteen are 
 now extant. 
 
 Euro'pa, a daughter of Agenor, king of Phenicia, 
 and filler of Cadmus. This princefs was fo beautiful, 
 that, they fay, one of the companions of Juno had robbed 
 her of a pot of paint to bellow on this Jady, which ren- 
 dered her fo handfome. She was beloved of Jupiter, who 
 aifumed the fliape of a bull to run away with her, fwam 
 over the lea with her on his back, and carried her into that 
 part of the world now called Europe from her name. 
 Herodotus. 0<uid. 
 
 Euro'iaS, a celebrated river of Laccnia, flowing by 
 Sparta, having its banks planted with laurel, olive, and 
 myrtle. 
 
 Eurus, the foutheaft wind, and one of the four prin- 
 cipal. He is reprefented as a young man flying V v;th great 
 impetuofity, and often appearing in a play fame and wanton 
 humour. 
 
 Eury'ale, daughter of Minos, king of Crete, and 
 mother of Orion, by Neptune. — One of the Gorgons who 
 was immortal. 
 
 Eury'alus, a chief of Peloponnefus. who went with 
 
 ■ eighty fhips againit Troy. Homer., A young Trojan, 
 I who came with iEneas into Italy, and rendered hirnfelf 
 I famous for his friendship with Nifus. Virgil. 
 
 Eurycle'a-, a beautiful young woman of Ith3ca, 
 
 ■ whom Laertes bought fgr twenty oxen, and gave her his 
 

 EUR 
 
 fori -Ulyfles to nurfe, and treated her -with much tendernefs 
 and attention. She ibori diicovered Uiyfles when he re* I 
 turned from Troy. 
 
 Eury'dice, the wife of Orpheus, who, flying from ! 
 Arittseus, that attempted to ravifh her. was k ii Jed "by the 
 bite of a ferpent. Orpheus, inconsolable 'for her death', ' 
 went down to the infernal regions, and by the charms of 
 his voice and ly:e, perfuaded Pluto and Proferpine to give 
 him leave to cairy back his wife, on condition he did not 
 look behind him till he came to the light $ but he broke 
 his promife, for through eagerneis to fee his wife he looked ; 
 behind him, upon which ibe disappeared. 0<vid. Virgil. I 
 The daughter of Lacedaemon and Sparta, who married ; 
 Acrifius, by whom the had Danae the mother of Perfeus, \ 
 by Jupiter. Pauf. Ozid. 
 
 Eury'lochus, one of the companions of UJyfler, 
 who alone was not transfoimed into a hog, becaufe he did 
 not tafte Circe's cup. Oind. 
 
 Eury'med-ON, the father of Perihcea, by whom Nep- 
 tune had Naufnbous, k;ng of Phoenicia, and father or 
 Alcinous. Homer. 
 
 Eury'nome, the wife of Orcham.:s, king of Aflyria, 
 and mother of Leucothoe, beloved by Apollo. — A daugh- 
 ter of Apollo, mother of Anaftus, king of Argos, and 
 Eriphyle, wife of Amphiaraus.- — One of the Oceanides, 
 mother of the Graces by Jupiter. 
 
 Eury'pilus, a Theilalian,- who in his fiiare of the : 
 fpoils at the fiege of Troy, had a cheft which contained a 
 it3tue of Bacchus, made by Vulcan, 3rd given by Jupiter 
 to the Trojans. Eurvpilus h ad-no fooner looked into the 
 cheft, than he loft his fenfes ; but afterward, in one of his 
 lucid intervals, he confuted the oracle of Delphos concern- 
 ing his difeaie; by whem he was told, that, when he met 
 with a country where men performed Sacrifices With ftrange 
 ceremonies, he fliould there Aop- and leave his ftatue, He 
 arrived foon after* at the port of Aroe, where feeing them 
 about to (aerifies a boy and a girl to the goddefs Triclarea, 
 h ■: immediately flopt j and the inhabitants called to mind 
 what the oracle had formerly predicted, that they fliould 
 b? Freed from thefe barbarous facrifkes when an unknown 
 'h a cheft, fijould come among them* containing 
 
EUT 
 
 the ftatue of a god. Euripilus was cured of his diforder, 
 after he dedicated the ftatue, and the people were delivered 
 from a cruel ceremony, which has been impoied on them 
 by the fame oracle, to expiate the crime of Menalippus and 
 Cornetho, who had prophaned the temple of Diana by 
 their criminal amours. Sophon. 
 
 Euristhe'us, a king of Argos and Mycenae, fon of 
 Sthenelus, by Nicippe daughter of Pclops. Juno hattened 
 his birth before Hercules, that, being the elder, he might 
 have tome authority over him. Juno influenced this king 
 to enjoin Hercules the molt hazardous undertakings, hoping 
 he might perifh in fome of them ; but he furmounted them 
 all, and tinned to his glory what was defigned for his ruin. 
 Thefe aftions were called the twelve labours of Hercules, 
 and the achievment of them alarming F.uryftheus, he fur- 
 nifhed himfelf with a brazen veffel, for a fafe retreat in time 
 of danger. After the death of Hercules, Euryftheus re- 
 newed his cruelties againft his children, and made war 
 
 inft Ceyx, king of Trachina, becaufe he had treated 
 them with hofpitality. He was killed in the prolecution of 
 this war by Hyl'us the fon of Hercules. Pauf. Ovid. 
 
 Eury'thion, a Centaur, whofe infolence to Hippo- 
 damia was the caufe of the quarrel between the Lapithse 
 and Centaurs, at the nupiials of Pirithous, where he was 
 flain by Thefeus. Ovid. 
 
 Eury'tus, a king of CEchalia, who promifed his 
 daughter lo'e in marriage to him who mot a bow better 
 than h mfelf. Hercules took him at his offer and con- 
 quered, but was refuted the prize ; upon which he flew the 
 
 her, and carried away the daughter. Apollod. One of 
 :he Titans, killed by Hercules or Bacchus for making war 
 againit the gods. Alfo a Centaur of the lame name, who 
 attempting to carry off Hippodamia from her hufband Pi- 
 rithous, was din by Tneieus. 
 
 EuTE'RrE, one of the nine Mufes, who invented the 
 
 flute, and preiided over mufic. She is reprefented under 
 
 e figure of a young virgin, crowned with flowers, hold- 
 
 ng rauficaj paper- in her hand, with a flute, hautboy, and 
 
 ther mufical inlbruments round her. 
 
 Euthy'mus, a famous wreftler, who fought a long 
 
 ile with a phantom, and getting the better, is vaniflitd. 
 K 
 
F AV 
 
 FA13ULA, or Fable, an. allegorical deity, daughte 
 of Somnus and Nox. - It is faid that me married Falfe- 
 hood, and isconftantly employed in counterfeiting Hiftory. 
 She is reprefented with a mafic upon her face, and magni- 
 ficently dretf. 
 
 Falh'rnus, a fertile mountain and plain of Campania, . 
 famous for its wine, which the poets have greatly cele- 
 brated, Virgil. Horace. 
 
 Fama, or Fame, a poetical deity, faid to be the fifter 
 of the giant Enceladus, and the laft monfter brought forth 
 by Terra, who was offended at the gods for having del* 
 iroyed her children $ in revenge, Fame was brought forth 
 to divulge their crimes, and pnblifh thern to the world. 
 She is generally represented wirh wings and blowing a 
 irnmpet. 
 
 Fatijs, three powerful goddefies who order the p. ft, 
 prefent, and future time. See Parc#;. 
 
 Fauna, a daughter of Picus, called by fome Ops ar.c 
 Bona Dea, and her knowledge of futurity procure! h« 
 die name of Fatua. The Roman matrons only iacrince 
 to this goddefs in the night, no men being {uttered to be 
 prefent. She was dei&rdj becauie (lie was lb faithful 
 her hufband, that /he never law a, man after her marriagt 
 with Faunus. .Some accule her of drinking lb much wine 
 that flie became drunk, for which, her hufband beat her j 
 with myrtle rods till fhe died. 
 
 FaUNS, country deities, not unlike the fatyrs in then- 
 looks, having the legs, feet, and ears of goats, and the 
 ieft of the body human. ; 
 
 Faunus*, a gcd of the fields and woods, fon of Picus, 
 and brother and hufband to Fauna, He had fkill in" pro- 
 pherying, and from him defcended the fauns and the fats is. 
 He- is reprefented without hair on the upper, part of his 
 body, and in ihe lower he is like a fatyr. 
 
 F avo^-ius, -tic weflern wind, and.one of the principal ; 
 faid to be moll favouraJbleto the preclusions oif the earth. 
 
FOR 
 
 Fe'sRUA, the goddefs of purifications, whom the Re*. 
 | mans facrifked to in the month of February, for the manes 
 of their departed relations and friends. 
 
 Fe ; BRu*us, a name of Pluto, becaufe iacrifices of puri- 
 fication and luitration were uled at funerals. 
 
 Felici'ty, an allegorical deity, to whom they built a 
 temple ar Rome. She is repreiented as a queen fitting 
 upon a throne, holding a caducseus in one hand, and a 
 horn of plenty in the other. 
 
 Fere'trius, a name of j»ipiter, who was fo called be- 
 cau'e Romulus having brought the fpoils of his enemies t© 
 the capitol, he hung them upon an oak, where they re- 
 mained a long while, and on the fame fpot a magnificent 
 temple was built to the honour of Jupiter, to whom Ro- 
 mulus had confecrated the fpoils. 
 
 Fero'nia, a goddefs of the woods and groves. A fire 
 having been one day kindled in a wood, where fhe had a 
 temple, thofe who were carrying away her fratue, perceived 
 that the wood of which it was made, refumed its former 
 verdure, for which reafon they left it. Her priefts could 
 march over burning coal without hurt. 
 
 Fesso'nia, the goddefs of wearied travellers. 
 
 Fides, the goddefs ©( faith and honefty, who had a 
 temple at Rome, near the capitol. 
 
 Fi'DIUS, the god of faith, and fon of Jupiter, who had 
 a temple onmount Quirinal. Oqjid. 
 
 Flora, goddefs ot the ipring and flowers, and wife of 
 Zephyrus. It is laid (he was a ccurtefan, who, having 
 gained a large fum of money by proftitution, made the 
 Roman people her heir j but they being afhamed of her 
 profellion, made her the goddefs of flowers. When the 
 women celebrated the Floralia, that is, the feftivals of this 
 goddeft, they ran races day and night, dancing to the 
 Jound of trumpets j and thole who gained the pri2e of the 
 victory were crowned with flowers. She is reprefented 
 adorned with garlands, holding in her hand the horn of 
 plenty, and near her is a bafk.t full of flow r . 
 
 Fluo'nia, a furname of Juno, becaule (he affifted wo- 
 men in their courfes. 
 
 Fornax, the goddefs who prefixed over the baking of 
 K a 
 
GAL 
 
 bread in ovens j and her feftivals were called Fornacalia. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Fortu'na, the goddefs who prefides over good and 
 evil. She is reprefented bald, blind, and (landing upon a 
 wheel, with a horn of plenty in her hands : fometimes 
 ihe appears with wings, and treads upon the prow of a 
 ihip, and holds a rudder in her hands. 
 
 Fu'cinus, a lake of Italy, in the country of the Marfu 
 It is faid to be about twenty miles in circumference. Virg. 
 
 Fuga'lia, a feftival among the Romans, in memory 
 of the expulfion of their kings, which was kept on the 
 twenty-third of February. 
 
 Fu'Ri.ffi, or Furies, three infernal deities, daughters 
 of Acheron and Nox, called Aleclo, Megasra, and Tifi- 
 phone. They refided in Tartarus, and punifhed the 
 wicked. When Oreltes became mad, after having killed 
 his mother, they appeared to him in white robes, and he 
 built a temple to their honour, when he had recovered his 
 fenfes. See Eumenjdes. 
 
 Furi'na, the goddefs of thieves among the Romans, 
 who inftituted a feftival to her honour, called Furinales. 
 Cicero takes her to be the fame as one of the Furies. 
 
 Fury, an allegorical deity, reprefented under the form 
 of a man, loaded with chains, fitting on a heap of armour, 
 like a madman who has broke his chains, and tearing his. 
 hair. 
 
 GALA'NTHUS, a fervant of Alcmena, whofe fagacity 
 cafed the labour of her miftrefs. When Alcmena was 
 In labour with Hercules, Juno, difguifed under the name 
 of Lucina, fat at the door and continually embraced her 
 knees, to hinder the delivery of Alcmena, whom (he mor- 
 tally hated, for having yielded to Jupiter. Galanthis, 
 perceiving that while this old woman fat in this fixed pof- 
 ture, her miftrefs could not be brought to bed, me went 
 out and craftily told Juno that (he, was delivered of a fine 
 boy ; upon which (he rofe all of a fudden, and Alcmena 
 
GEN 
 
 was inftantly delivered. Juno, understanding the deceit of 
 Galanthis, changed her into a weafel. Ovid. 
 
 Galate'a, a nymph of the Tea, daughter of Nereus 
 and Doris. She was greatly beloved by Polyphemus, 
 whom fhe defpifed, and preferred Acis to him, whom the 
 giant crumed to piece? with a rock. Gala ea was incon- 
 iolable for the lofs of Acis, and as me could not reftore 
 him to life, (lie changed him into a fountain. Ovid. Virgil, 
 
 Galli, the priefts of Cyhele, who celebrated their felli- 
 vals near the river Gallus, in Phrygia, after the fame man- 
 ner as the Cory bantes. They made themfelves Eunuchs, 
 in memory of At}s, whom this goddefs had admired. 
 
 Games, a fort of religious fights that were confecrated 
 to the gods by the Greeks and Romans; fome were infti- 
 futed to a fingle god, and others to feveral together. There 
 was even a decree of the fenate which required that all pub- 
 lic games ihould always be confecrated to fome deity. The 
 folemnity was never begun without offering facrifices, and 
 performing other idigious ceremonies. The moft remark- 
 able games are taken notice of in their proper places. 
 
 Ganyme'de, a beautiful youth of Phrygis, fon of 
 Tros, whom Jupiter, in the form of an eagle, carried up 
 into heaven as he was tending his father's flocks on mount 
 Ida, and made him his cupbearer, inrtead of Hebe. He is 
 generally reprelented fitting on the back of a flying eagle. 
 
 Garama'ntes, inhabitants of the interior paits of 
 Africa, or Minor Lybia, now called the deferts of Zaara. 
 Virgil 
 
 Ga'rcaphia, a valley near Plataea, with a fountain of 
 the fame name, where Aclaeon was torn to pieces by his 
 dogs. Ovid. 
 
 Ga'rgarus, the fummit of mount Ida, a mountain 
 fertile in csrn. Virgil.- 
 
 Gelo'ni, a people of Scythia, otherwife called Getse, 
 defcended from Gelonus a fon of Hercules. They ufed to 
 paint themfelves, to become more terrible to their enemies ; 
 and they were good horfemen, ufing arrows and darts in 
 fighting. Virgil. 
 
 Ge'mini, One of the twelve conftellations of the zodiac. 
 See Castor. 
 
 Ge'nius, a genius, or angel, good or bad, who pre- 
 K 3 
 
GLA 
 
 fided over place's as well as perfons. They ufed to pray to 
 this god with facrifices. See X>iB MO n. 
 
 Ge'ryon, a celebrated mordter, brother to Echidna, 
 reprefented as having three bodies and three heads. He 
 had numerous flocks and herds, and was killed by Her 
 cules, becaufe he fed his oxen with human flern. A dog 
 with two heads, and a dragon with feven, guarded the(e 
 oxen, whom Hercules likewife killed, and carried the 
 oxen away. 
 
 Giants, the Tons of Ccelus and Terra, of a monftrous 
 fize, and terrible afpec"h They waged war againft heaven, 
 with intent to dethrone Jupiter, who had defeated their rela- 
 tions the Titans ; but he ftruck them all with lightning, and 
 left them to peri (h under the moun ?.ins, which they had 
 reared one up .n another. Some authors lay the giants were 
 produced of the blood which flowed from the wound of 
 Ccelu«, when cattrated by his ion Saturn. Ovid, F;rgil. 
 
 Gibel, a famous mountain of Sicily, the fame as mount 
 iEtna. 
 
 Glauce, a daughter of Cfeon, king of Corinth, for 
 whom Jafon forfook Medea : fee Creusa. 
 
 Glauco'pis, a name of Minerva, from the hluenefs of 
 her eyes $ or, as fome fay, from the terror %nd foimida- 
 blenefs of her mien. Pauf. 
 
 GLAUCUS, a ("on of Hippolocus, the fon of Bellero- 
 phon. He changed hs golden aimour with Diomedes, 
 for. thofe of brafs ; behaved with much courage, and was 
 killed by Ajax. Homer. A fon of Sidphus king of Co- 
 rinth, by Merope daughter of Atlas, who. was killed by 
 fcis mares, whom Venus had driven mad, becaufe he hin- 
 dered them from being covered. Alfo a fon of Minos and 
 Pafiphae, who was fuifocated by a tub of honey } but JEC- . 
 ctrlapius reftored him to life again. Hygin. A fifherman , 
 of Anthedon in Bosotia, who one day perceiving that the 
 fifties he laid upon a certain herb afTurned their -ffrengtb, 
 and leaped into the water, he tarred it ahb,. and immediate- 
 ly jumped into the fea ; but was changed into a triton, 
 and looked upon as a fea deity. Ciice then became in love 
 with him, but to no purpofe ; for he was fond of Scylla, 
 whom that magician through jealouiy changed into a fea 
 wonder. Q<vid% - : s 
 
 ; 
 
GRA 
 
 Golden Fleece, the bide of a ram, famous in my- 
 thological hiftory. See Phryxus. 
 
 Go'RDIUS, king of Phrvgia, and fon of a hufband- 
 man. Aii his riches were a team of oxen for his plough, 
 and another for his cart. One day as he was working in 
 the field, an eagle came and refted upon his yoke, and con- 
 tinued thvre till the evening. Gordius, aliommed at this 
 prodigy, confulted the foothlayers ; when a maid advifed 
 him to lacrifice to Jupiter in the quality of a king, which 
 he did, and then manitd her. The Phrygians had been 
 told by the oracle, that they muft choofe him for a king 
 whom they met upon a cart j in confequence of which they 
 elecled Gordius j and Midas, his fon, cut of gratitude, 
 offered his father's cart to Jupiter. It is faid that the knot, 
 by which he faftened the yoke to the beam, was made with 
 ib much art, that they could not difcover the ends^of it: 
 from this circumftance a report was foon fpread that the 
 empire of Afia was promifed by the oracle to him that 
 fhould untie it j which Alexander the Great, after feveral 
 vain attempts, cut in two wi'h his fword. This is com- 
 monly called the Gordian knot, becaufe the cart was in 
 Gordium, a city of Phrygia, and it was Gordius that made 
 ir. Juftin. Curtius. 
 
 Gorgo.ns, the daughters of Phorcus and Ceto, whole 
 names were Medura. Euryale, and Stheno. They dwelt 
 near the garden cf the Hefperides, and had the power of 
 transforming thofe into (tones who looked upon them. 
 They are /aid to have had fnakes inftead of hair, great 
 ^ings, and for teeth the tuflts of a wild boar, as alfo the 
 claws of a lion on their hands and feet. They made 
 ftrange ravages in the country, and exercifed prodigious 
 ciuelty on all pafTengers ; but they were deftroyed by Per- 
 feus, who cut off the head of Medufa, by which he changed 
 all perlons into ftone at hi<? pleafure. Ovid. 
 
 Graces, otherwife called Charities 5 were daughters of 
 Bacchus and Venus; or, according toothers, of Jupiter 
 and Eurynome. There were three, whofe name 1 * were 
 Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrofyne, and were attendants 
 upon Venus : they were likewife companions of the Muies 
 and of Mercury. See Charities. 
 
 Gradi'vcSj a name of the god Mars, from his vigour 
 
HJEM 
 in brandishing a fpear. His refidence was fuppofed to be 
 among the fierce and favage Thracians and Galoni, over 
 whom he particularly prefided. Pirgil. Homer. 
 
 Grjecia, the whole country of Greece, of which the 
 chief provinces weie Peloponnefus, Eprus Macedonia, 
 Achai i, Oreta, Euboea, Attica, Phocis, ^Etolia, Argos, 
 and Corinth j aud its mod celebrated cities were Athens, 
 Sparta, Argos, Corinth, Thebes, Sicyon, Mycenag, and 
 Pelphi. This country has been reckoned fupeiior to every 
 other part of the earth, on account cf its falubrity and ferti- 
 lity, and above all, the fame and learning of its inhabitants. 
 
 GrjeSjE, filters of the Gorgons, are repreiented as 
 three old women, who lived in Scythia, and had but one 
 eye and tooth, which they ufed in common, and afterward 
 depofited it in a coffin. 
 
 GyGES, a giant, Ion of Ccelus and Terra, reprefented 
 as having a hundred hands. He and his brothers imde 
 war agamft the gods, and were afterward punifhed in Tar- 
 tarus. Ovid. A Lydian, to whom Candaules, king of 
 the country, fliowed his queen naked $ which fo incenled 
 her, that me confpired with Gyges to kill the king, and 
 then mairied him. Jierodot. 
 
 Gymna'stes, the name of thofe who prefided over the 
 Iports and plays of the Grecians. 
 
 Gymni'ces, all forts of manly exercifes were fo called 
 by the Grecians, becaufe they were often performed by 
 naked men, as the Greek word imports. There were par- 
 ticular places appointed for the youth that were -brought up 
 in thefe fort of exercifes, which aie called Gymnafia, and 
 were generally confecrated to Hercules : the public fchools 
 were alio called Gymnafia. 
 
 H 
 
 HA'CMEON, a Grascian prince, who was tormented 
 with the furies for having killed his mother, who had flain 
 her hufband, after the example of Ciytemneftra. 
 
 Hjemon, a Theban prince, Ton of Creon, who was 
 paffion.itely fond of Antigone. -See /Emo-N, 
 
HAR 
 
 Remus, the fon of Boreas and Orythia, and hufband 
 ofRhodope. See /Emus. 
 
 Hal^e'sus, a fon of Agamemnon and Brifeis, and 
 friend of Turhus. He confpired, as it is laid, againll 
 Clytemneftra, upon which account he was metamorphofed 
 into the mountain near which Proferpine was gathering 
 flowers when Pluto cairiedher away. 
 
 Ha'lcyone, fee Alcyone. 
 
 Halirrho'tius, a fon of Neptune, who ravifhed A4- 
 cippe, daughter of Mars, becaufe (he flighted his addreffes. 
 This violence offended Mars, and he killed the ravifher. 
 Apollod. 
 
 Hamadry'ades, nymphs of the woods, wbofedeftiny 
 depended on certain trees, generally oaks, with which they 
 were born and died. 
 
 Harmo'nia, a daughter of Mars and Venus, whom 
 Vulcan prefented with a fine but fatal bracelet. See Her- 
 mione. 
 
 Harmoni'des, a Trojan beloved by Minerva, who 
 taught him all forts of workmanfhip. He built the fatal 
 fleet in which Paris carried away Helen. 
 
 Harpa'lyce, a beautiful woman of Argos, daughter- 
 of Ciymenus, who, being in love with her himfelf, enjoyed 
 her company by means of her nurfe. Seme time after the 
 married Alaflor, but her father's pafTion became more vio- 
 lent in her abfence, and he murdered her hufband to bring 
 her back to Argos, Harpalyce, inconfolable for the death 
 of her hufband, and afhamed of her father's paffion, killed 
 the fruit of her inceft, and contrived that he fhould eat his 
 own fon after the example of Progne. She then begged 
 the gods to remove her from the world, and fne was chan- 
 ged into an owl ; and Ciymenus killed himfelf. Hygin. 
 
 Harpies, the daughters of Oceanus and Terra; or as 
 others fay, of Neptune and Terra. They had the face of a 
 woman, the body and wings of a vulture, with claws on 
 their hands and feet, and the ears of a bear. Their names 
 were Aello, Ocypete, and Celeno. Juno fent thefe mon- 
 gers to infe£t the provifions which Phineus had made when 
 he received JEneas. Zethes and Calais drove them away j, 
 but Iris, by order of Juno, made them return back into 
 Thrace, that they might do no further mifchief. Virgil* 
 
HEC 
 
 Harpocra'tes, a god of fdence, fon of Oiiris and 
 Xfis. He was reprefented under the figure of a man, half 
 naked, holding a horn of plenty in one hand, and a finger 
 of the other on his mouth, 
 
 Haru'spices, or Aruspices, among the Romans, 
 were religious minifters, whofe bufinefs it was to examine 
 the entrails of beafts, in order to foretel future events, par- 
 ticularly the liver, the Jbeart, the fpleen, the kidneys, and 
 the tongue ; they alfo obferved the victim before it was kill- 
 ed, the flames which con fumed the facrifice and the tio.ur, 
 incenfe, &c. which were ufed. In our Englifh tranflations - 
 they are commonly called foothfayers. 
 
 Hebe, a daughter of Jupiter and Juno, and goddefs - 
 of youth. According to fome (he was the daughter of Juno 
 only, who conceived her after eating crefies. Jupiter 
 made her his cupbearer} but one day happening to fall at 
 a feaft of the gods, in an indecent pofture, Jupiter difmif- 
 fed her, and put Ganymede in her place. Hercules mar*, 
 ried her, and on his account (he made his friend Iolaus grow 
 young again. She is reprefented as a young virgin crowned 
 with flowers, and arrayed in a variegated garment. Pauf* 
 
 Hecale, a poor old, woman, who kindly entertained 
 Thefeus, as he was going to war againft the Sarmates, and 
 promised to facrifice to Jupiter for him, if he came back 
 victorious. She died before his return, and Thefeus in- 
 stituted a feftival, in commemoration of her kindnefs, or 
 in honour of Jupiter of Hecale. 
 
 Hecate, a daughter of Perfes and Afleria, called 
 kuna in heaven, Diana on earth, and Hecate or Profer- 
 pina in hell. , She kept the ghofts of thofe whofe bodies 
 remained unburied on this fide Styx for a hundred years j 
 and (he was fuppofed to prefide over magic and enchant- 
 ments. Dogs, lambs, and honey were offered to Tier, es- 
 pecially in the Greets and ways, whence (be obtained the 
 name of Trivia. She was painted with three heads, one of 
 a horfe, another of a dog, and another of a woman in the 
 middle. Ovid. Pauf. 
 
 Hecatomboia, a facrifice of a hundred bulls, which 
 was offered by the Argives to Juno, at the celebration of 
 their feftivals called Heraea. ' 
 
HEL 
 
 HECTOR, the eldeft fon of king Prism and Hecuba, 
 and huiband of Andromache, by whom he had Affyanax. 
 This prince commanded the Trojan army againft the 
 Greeks, and daring the liege of Troy he performed prodi- 
 gies of valour, and became the terror of his enemies. A- 
 chilles, after his quarrel with Agamemnon, retiring into 
 his tent, fent his friend PatroClus to the army, who was 
 killed by Hector, which canfed Achilles to refume his arms j 
 and Jupiter having put the lot of both heroes into a balance, 
 the fcale of Achilles bote down the other : therefore Achil- 
 les killed Hector, with the afTiftance of Pallas, and dragged 
 his body three times round the walls of Troy, having faf- 
 tencd his feet to bis car. Thetis commanded Achilles to 
 reftore the body of Heclor to Priam, who went to aflc the 
 favour on his knees. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 He'cuba, a daughter of Cilleis, king of Thrace, and 
 wife of Priam, king of Troy. She proved the chafteft of 
 women, and the moft tender and unfortuna'e of mo- 
 thers. During the Trojan war (he faw the greateft part of 
 her children perifh by the hands of the enemy, and confel- 
 f-d her grief by tears and lamentations, particularly at tke 
 death of He&or. After the takmg of Troy (he fell to the 
 (hare of UlyfTes, and was ib grieved to fee her daughter 
 Polixena offered on the tomb of Achilles, and to find that 
 her Ion Polidorus had been (lain by tne treachery of Poiyrn- 
 nettor, to whofe care (he had committed hi <u, -that (he put 
 out her own eyes, and raiied with fo many teirible impre- 
 cations again il the Greeks, that ffie was metamorphofed 
 into a bitch. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Helen, the molf celebrated beauty of her time, and the 
 caufe of -prodigious misfortunes. Some fay (he was the 
 daughter of T>ndarus and Leda, and others, that Jupiter 
 was her father : fee Led a. She was. cwiied off by The- 
 feus, while very young ; but her brothel's, Caftor and 
 Pollux, recovered her by force of arms. This violence 
 offered to her virtue increafed her fame, and her hand was 
 eagerly folicited by many of the young princes of Greece j 
 (he at length married Menelaus, to whom Tynd-arus then 
 refigned the crown. Soon afterward, during the ablenceof 
 her huiband in Crete, her fidelity was corrupted by Paris, 
 who carried her to Troy, which occafioned a general infur*. 
 
HER 
 
 rcaion of all Greece, againft that city j who, after ten 
 years hege pillaged it, and levelled it with the ground 
 After the death f Paris, (he married Deiphobus, whom 
 me cauled to be aflafiinated when Troy was taken to re- 
 gain the favour of Menelaus. She returned to Sparta, 
 and alter the death of Menelaus me retired into the ifle of 
 fCnodes to Pohxo, her kinfWoman, who caufed her to be 
 hanged on a tree, becaufe (he had occafioned the death of a 
 multitude of heroes. Homer. 0<vid. 
 
 He'lenus, a famous foothfayer, ' fon of Priam and 
 Hecuba. It is pretended, that he difcovered to the Greeks 
 the method to furprife the city of Troy. He predicted to 
 Pyrrhus that his navigation mould be happy, and received 
 from him a country called Chaonia, where he built feveral 
 cities. 
 
 Heli'ades, daughters of Apollo and Clymene, and 
 filters of Phaeton, for whofe death they were grieved to 
 inch a degree, that the g&is changed them into poplars, 
 and their tears into amber. Their names were Phaethufa, 
 Lampetia, and Lampethufa. Ovid. 
 
 He'lice, a city of Achaia, which was overwhelmed by 
 an inundation of the fea. Callifto, who was changed 
 into the Great Pear, was an inhabitant of this town, and 
 is fometimes called by the fame name. 
 
 He'licon, a famous mountain, one of the tops of mount 
 Parnaflus. It was confecrated to the Mufes, and was 
 their common abode, as well as that of Apollo. 
 
 Heliconi'ades, a name of the Mufes, becaufe they 
 inhabited mount Helicon. 
 
 Hellas, an ancient name of Greece, as alfo of ThefTaly, 
 Relle, the daughter of Athamas and Nephele, who, 
 with her brother Phryxus, flying from their ftep-mother 
 lno, tell off the golden ram, on which they both ventured 
 to pais a narrow part of the fea, and me was drowned ; 
 from which the ftrait received the name of Helleipont. 
 
 Hellespont, a ftrait of the fea between Thrace and 
 Phryg.a, dividing Europe and Alia, now called the Dar- 
 danelles. 
 
 Hera'clides, the defendants of Hercules, greatly 
 celebrated in ancient hiitory. 
 
HER 
 HzRjEA, feftivals among the Argives, m honour of 
 Juno, to whom they facrificed a hecatomb of oxen : hence 
 the Sacrifice itfelf is called Heca ; :omboia. 
 
 Hercules, the fon of Jupiter and Alcmena, whofe 
 birth was attended with many miraculous events. Jupi- 
 ter, to deceive Alcmena, took the refemblance of Amphi- 
 tryon her hufband, while he was at the war at Thebes, 
 and employed three nights in forming a child whom he 
 intended to be the greater! hero the world ever beheld. 
 Juno, that (he might be revenged of the infidelity of Ju- 
 piter, was defuous of hindering the deltmed honours of 
 the child proceeding from this adultery ; and Nicippe, the 
 wife of Sthenelus king of Mycenae, being pregnant at the 
 lame time with Alcmena, the goddefs procured an edici 
 from Ju; iter by which it was ordered, that the child fir ft 
 born mould have command aver the other j Juno then 
 caufed Archippe to be delivered at the end of (even months 
 of a for,, Euryitheus, and retarded the labour of Alcme- 
 na by a charm, which confirmed the fuperiorily toEuryrr- 
 iieu's. Her enmity (till purfned Hercules, a'nd when he 
 jay crying in his cradle fhe fcnt two ferpents to deltroy 
 him, but the valiant infant ftrangled them in his hands'. 
 However, it is pretended, that fhe grew ih mild at the 
 mediation of Pajlas, that fhe even gave Hercules fuck ; 
 ho letting fail fome of her milk, made that white part of 
 the Iky called the Milky Way. But afterward Juno couid 
 not let him be at reft j for fhe fo irritated Euryllheus 
 againft him, that he ordered him to undertake twelve dan- 
 gerous labours, with a defign to make him perifh ; but 
 this demi-god overcame them all : thefe were, i. He 
 ftrangled in the foreft of Nemaea, or Cleone, a lion of an 
 |uncommon fize and (Irength, and wore his (kin as ar- 
 mour. 2. He killed, in the foreft or morafs of Lerna, a 
 terrible Hydra, with feveral heads, which fprung out a- 
 gain as they were cut off. 3. On the mountain of Ermi* 
 ant h us, in Arcadia, he took a wild boar which ravaged 
 ill the country, and led him to Euryftheus. 4. He hunt- 
 id and caught a hind, whofe horns were of gold, and fe&t 
 of brafs, and brought her alive on his moulders to Jsly- 
 icenas, 5. He killed, with his bow and arrows, all the 
 horrible birds of the lake Stymphalus. 6. Kg defeated 
 
»» 
 
 HE& 
 
 the Amazons, and took from their queen Hippolyte the 
 fineA belt in the world. 7. He in one day cleanfed the 
 (tables of Augeas. 8. He tamed a furious wild bull, 
 which rendered Crete defolate. 9. He punifhed Diome- 
 des, who fed his horfes with human flefh. 10. He over 
 came Geryon, and killed the monfters that guarded his 
 bay oxen. ir. He gathered the golden apples in the gar- 
 den of the Hefperides, after having killed the dragon 
 which guarded them. iz. He defcended into the infernal 
 regions, bound the dog Cerberus, and brought him up to 
 the earth. But he performed many more than thefe twelve 
 glorious actions, among which the principal are as follow : 
 He vanquished Achelous, from whom he tore a horn, 
 which was afterward called the horn of plenty. He ftifled 
 the enormous griant Antaeus in, his arms. He relieved 
 Aths, and bore the heavens on his back for a considera- 
 ble time. He flew feveral monfters, as Cacus, Albion 
 Bergion, Bufiris, and others. He killed a fea monftei 
 to which Helione, daughter of Laomedon, was expofed : 
 and to punifti Laomedon, for refufing the horfes promiied 
 him, he overturned the walls of Troy. He (hot the vul- 
 ture which devoured the liver of Prometheus* He con- 
 quered Death, and made him reftore Alceita to'her huf- 
 hand. <|He feparated the two mountains Calpe and Aby 
 la, and by that means joined the ocean to the Mediterra- 
 nean-. After fo many glorious actions he fell in love with 
 Omphale, changed his club into a diftaff, and learned of 
 her to fpin : after which he was fond of Iole, daughter cf 
 Eurytus ; which determined his wife Deianira to give him 
 the (hift of Neffus j which he had no fooner "put on than 
 he fell into a dreadful rage, and threw himielf into the 
 flames of a burning pile, where, in fpite of the help of 
 Phiiocletus, he was confumed. He then was placed a 
 mong the gods, and in heaven married Hebe, the goddefs 
 of youth.— There were feveral heroes of this name, anc 
 probably all the remarkable actions of each were attributec 
 to one, in order to compofe one extraordinary man : bu 
 at ptefent we ate at a lofs how to attribute to every one 
 his own anions. 0--vzd. Lucretius. Seneca. Aufomus, 
 
 Hermaphrodi'tus, the fon of Hermes and Venus 
 The nymph Salmacis fell in love with him, and begged of 
 
HER 
 
 | the gods that their bodies might be always united and make 
 | but one. They were afterward called Androgynae, that 
 ; is man and woman. 0<vid. 
 
 Hermes, the name of Mercury among the Greeks. 
 i He is faid to have been a very ancient philofopher, who liv- 
 ed near the time of Mofes, as alfo a man of great virtue 
 ! and learning. Hence he has been termed the god of elo- 
 quence, becaufe he captivated his auditors with his beauti- 
 ful orations. 
 
 Hermio'ne, a daughter of Mars and Venus, fbme- 
 , times called Harmonia . She married Cadmus, and all the 
 ; deities, except Juno, honoured her nuptials with their pre- 
 . fence ; when Vulcan, in revenge for the infidelity of her 
 | mother, prefented her with a rich veil and a Iplendid neck- 
 lace, which infpired all the children of Cadmus with wick- 
 ednefs and impiety. She and her hufband were changed 
 into fcrpents. C<vid. A daughter of Menelaus and Helen, 
 betrothed by her grandfather to Oreftes, and by her father 
 given to Pyrrhus j but Oreftes flew him in the temple of 
 Apollo, and recovered his fpoufe. Homer. 
 
 Hero, a prieftefs of Venus, whom Leander was fo 
 much in love with, that he, fwam over the Hellefpont to 
 fee her in the night. She placed a torch on the top of a 
 tower, to guide hiro in his pafTage ; but Leander at length 
 happening to be drowned, Hero, in defpair, thn**fr herfelf 
 into the fea. Omid. 
 
 Heroes, a name given by the ancients to men renown- 
 ed for great exploits and virtues, above the common level 
 of mankind. They were thought to be the children of 
 foroe god or goddei's, and conlequently to be partakers 
 bo$\ of the divine and human natures, and they were ge- 
 nerally deified after death. 
 
 Herse, a daughter of Cecrops, king of Athens, chang- 
 ed into a fwallow. See Aglaura. 
 
 HersiIia, daughter cf Tatius, king of the Sabines. 
 Romulus took her to himfelf, at the time of the rape of 
 the Sabine women, upon which her father declared war 
 sgainft this prince : but me a£ied as a mediator, and made 
 j>eace between them, and married Romulus ; who being 
 taken into heaven,- fhe thought he had been dead, and fell 
 
 iinto fuch exctffive grief, that Juno, to comfort her,* took 
 L. 
 
HIP 
 
 her alio into heaven, where fhe met with her -hufband. 
 The Remans etec~ted altars to them under the names of 
 Quirinus and Ora. 0<vid. 
 
 He'siod, a celebrated poet, born at Afera in Boeotia, 
 whofe chief fubje&s are hufbandry and the genealogy of the 
 gods; Some think he is more ancient than Homer, others 
 that he lived at the fame time, but Paterculus places him 
 x 20 years later. Hefiod, without being matter of the fire 
 and fublimity of Homer, is admired for the elegance of his 
 diction, and the fweetnefs of his poetry. He was the fir ft 
 who wrote a poem on agriculture; and Virgil, in his Geor- 
 gics, has imitated the compositions of Hefiod. 
 
 He's 10 ne, daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy. She 
 was delivered by Hercules from a lea monfter j but her 
 father refuting to give Hercules the hoifes which he had 
 promifed as a reward, he facked the city of Troy, and 
 gave Hefione to Telamcn. 0<vid. 
 
 Hesper, or Hesperus, the evening ftar, which ap- 
 pears after the fetting of the fun ; but when it rifes before 
 the fun, it is called Phofphorus or Lucifer. 
 
 Hespe'ria, an ancient name of Spain; as alfo of 
 Italy. 
 
 He'sperides, three celebrated Nymphs, daughters of 
 Hefperus, king of Italy; their names were ^gle, Heftia, 
 and Ar«heufa. They had oichards in Africa bearing 
 golden fruit, and the trees were kept by a watchful dragon, 
 which Hercules flew, and obtained the prize. G<vld. 
 Apollod. 
 
 He'sperus, a fon of Japetus, and brother of Atlas, 
 who, being in exile, came into Italy, and, fettling there, 
 called it Hefperia. He had three daughtejs, who, in ge- 
 neral were called Hefperides. 
 
 He'stia, ore of the Hefperides. Apollod. 
 
 Hippo cre'ne, a fountain on mount Helicon. As 
 foon as Peifeus had cut off the head of Medufa, the horfe 
 Pegafus proceeded from the blood which was fhed, and fiy- 
 ingover the mountain Helicon, he ftruck it with his foot, 
 and made this fountain appear. It was confecrated to 
 Apollo and the Mules, 
 
 Hjppius, a furname of Neptune, from his producing 
 
HIP 
 
 • ahorfeout of the ground, in Attica, by ftriking it with 
 bis trident. 
 
 Hippoca'mpi, the fea horfes that drew the chariot of 
 Neptune, represented with the tails of fifties, and only two 
 feet, which were like the fore feet of a hosfe. 
 
 Hippoda'mia, daughter of CEnomaus, king of Pifa. 
 Jler father was lb fond of her, he would give her to no 
 man but who could beat him in a race, became he was fure 
 that no man could furpafs him in this exercife. After 
 thirteen young pri. ces had loft their lives on this account, 
 for fuch was their agieemenr, Pelops, bribing the king's 
 charioteer to leave one of the wheels unpinned, got the vic- 
 tory, the king be ng killed by the tall ; but before he 
 died, he dtfned Pelops, to avenge him on thrf charioteer; 
 which he performed, for inland of giving him a reward, 
 he threw him into the lea. Virgil. A daughter of Adraf- 
 tu?, king of A|gos. She mairied Pirithous, king of the* 
 Lap'nhse; but tne feftiv "ty of their nuptial? was interrupted 
 by the attempt of Eurytus to offer her violence, which 
 cauled a quarrel between the Lapithae and the Centaurs. 
 Ovid. 
 
 Hippo'lyte, a queen of the Amszons, given in mar- 
 riage to-Thefeus by Hercules, who had conquered her, and 
 taken away her girdle by order of Euryftheus. She had 
 H'ppohtns by Theieus, and is fometimes called Antiope. 
 
 Hippo'lytus, the for, of Theieus and Hippolyte, fa- 
 mous for his virtues and misfortunes. This young prnce 
 was paifionate'y fnd of hunting, and preferred the plea- 
 fure thereof to the company of women. He refuting the 
 love of his ftepmother Phaedra, wis by her accufed of at- 
 tempting her honour j and to give her accufation 2n air of 
 truth, the fhowed Theieus the iword ftie had taken fiom 
 Hippolytus, wherewih the defigned to have killed her It If, 
 . if her nurfe had not prevented her. Hippolytus, perceiv- 
 ing that-his father intended his death, fled in a chariot to 
 the feafide, where feveral monftrous feacalves frighted the 
 horfes, which immediately fled and broke the chariot in 
 pieces, by which the prince was killed. But ,/Efculapius, 
 at the -requeft of Diana, rnifed him to life, and then he 
 went into Italy, where he called himfelf Verbius, becaufe 
 he had been a man twice. Ovid. VirgiU 
 
HON 
 
 HipPO'medon, the Ton of Nefimacus, and Nefica, and 
 the greater! hero of the Greeks, after Amphiaraus and Dio* 
 medes. He was drowned fighting againft Thebes. 
 
 Hippo'm-ENES, a fon of Macareus, and Merope, who 
 was fo chaffe. that he retired into the woods and mountains 
 to avoid '.he female (ex; but one day meeting Atalanta 
 going a hunting, he followed her and became one of her 
 iuitor<i. As her fattier would not beftow heron any one 
 that ci id not beat her in a race, Hippomenes entered the lift, 
 and by means of golden apples given him by Venus, which 
 he threw on the ground to amufe her, he conquered and 
 married her. He was fo extremely fond of his wife, that 
 he could rot ft ibear lying with her in the temple of Cy- 
 bele, who refeming the impiety, changed him into a lion 
 and her into a lioneis.. O c vid. 
 
 Hippo'n a, the goddefs of horfes. e ju<ven(kl. 
 
 Hi'pponous, the father of Peribcea and Capaneus. 
 He was k lied by the thunderbolts of Jupiter before the walls 
 of Thebes. 
 
 HiPPOTHOON, a fon of Neptune, by Alope daughter 
 of Cereyon, who was expofed in the woods by his moiher, 
 that her amours with the god might be concealed from her 
 father 5 but her frame being discovered, he ordered her to 
 be put. to death. Neptune changed her into a founram, 
 and the child was prtierved by mares, whence his name. 
 Pan/. 
 
 Homer, an ancient and moft excellent Greek poet, fo 
 famous, that feven of the greater! cities in Greece contend- 
 ed for the honour of his birth. The age in which he lived 
 is alio uncertain : according to Paterculus, he flouri-fhed 
 968 year? before the Chriftian era, or 884, according to 
 Herodotus \ the Aurundelian Matbles fix his era got 
 years before Chrift, and make him contemporary with 
 Hefiod. He wrote the two celebrated poems called the 
 Iliad and the Odyffey j in which he has difplayed the moft 
 'confummate knowledge of humah nature, and rendered 
 himfelf immortal by the fubiimity, the fire, fweetnefs, and 
 elegance of his poetry. 
 
 Honour, a goddefs worshipped by the Roman?. The 
 paffage to her temple was through the temple of Virtue j 
 and the priefts facrifictd to her with their heads uncovered. 
 
HY A 
 
 Hope, a goddefs among the Romans, whofe temple 
 was confumed by lightning. She is reprefented holding up 
 her icofe robes with one hand, and leaning upon a golden 
 anchor with the other. 
 
 Horace, a famous poet, the prince of Roman lyric 
 poetry-, born at Venufium, a town in Apulia. Mecasnas 
 was his patron, on the recommendation of Virgil. The 
 poetry of Horace, fo much commended for its elegance 
 and faeetnefs, is defervedly cenfured for the licentious ex- 
 preflions and indelicate thoughts which he too frequently 
 introduces. 
 
 Horje, the three daughters of Jupiter and Themis, 
 called Eunomia, Dice, and Irene. They were the lame 
 as the feafons who preiided over the fpring, fu miner, and 
 winter j and were reprefented by the poets as keepers of the 
 gates of heaven and the attendants of Phcebus. 
 
 Horus, Apollo or the Sun, fo called by the ./Egyp- 
 tians, and the ion of Ifis and Ofirs. 
 
 Hyaci'nthus, an ingenious youth, and very beauti- 
 ful, beloved by Apollo and Zephyrus at the fame time. 
 Zephyrus, fiifpeclins that his rival was preferred before 
 him, mediated revenge ; and when the go J and the boy 
 were playing at quoits together, Zephyrus blew the quoit 
 as ibon as it was thrown ny Apollo, upon the boy's' Scull, 
 ami killed him. Apollo changed him into a flower of the 
 i'njne name. 0<vitt. 
 
 Hy'ades, the feven daughters of Atlas by iEthra, and 
 fjHers of Hyas. They were fo difconlubte nt the death of 
 the ; r brcther, that they pined away and rued; but Jupi- 
 ter, in ccmmifei-ativ) of their fbnmv, changed them into 
 flars, and placed them in the head of Taurus. It is fijd 
 tbty had a fhaie in the education of Bacchus, and were the 
 fame as the Dodonides : their nanaes were Ambrcfia, 
 Eod.ra, Hafnheo, Co;onis, Plexatis, Pytho, and Tythe. 
 Aratus. 0<vid. 
 
 Hy 7 ala, a nymph, and one of the attendants on 
 Diana. 
 
 Hyas, the fon of Atlas and iEthra, and brother to the 
 Hyades. In his attempt to rob a lionets of her whelps, 
 he was killed by the enraged animal j but fome fay that he 
 died by the bite of a ferpent, and others that he was killed by 
 
HYM 
 
 a wild bosr. His fifters lamented his death lb excefiively 
 that they died. 
 
 Hybla, a mountain and town of Sicily, in the valley 
 pf Noto, farrtousfor the beft honey. 
 
 Hydra, a Ierpent of the lake of L^rna, which had nine 
 heads, and as often as one was cut off, two immediately 
 grew up if the wound was not lfopped by fire. However, 
 (he was conquered by Hercules, and this he eafily effected 
 with the afliftance of Iolaus, who applied a burning iron to 
 the wound when one head w^s cut off. The conqueror 
 d : pped his arrows in the gall of this monfter, and, from 
 that circumitance, all the wounds which he gave proved 
 mortal. Hefwd. Apollod. 
 
 Hygiea, or Hygeia, the goddefs of health, daughter 
 of i£fciilap;us, held in great veneration by the ancients. 
 She is reprefented like a young woman holding a ferpent in 
 one band, and in the other a cup, out of which the Ierpent 
 fbmetimes drank. 
 
 Hylas, the fon of Theodamas, and a young man of 
 extraordinary beauty, who was beloved by Hercules. As 
 he was froopjng with his pitcher for wat?r out of the river 
 Afcanius, he fell in and was drowned : others fay, that, 
 when he went to Co'chos with the Asgonauts, the nymphs 
 ca;;itd him away from the fide of the fountain where he 
 went for water. His companions made the country re- 
 found with their cries, and could not be comforted for his 
 loi's. Virgil. 
 
 Hyllus, a fon of Hercules and Deianira, who, after 
 the death of his father, married Jolt- ; but Euryftheus 
 drove him away, as well as the reft of the Heraclides. He 
 got fafe to Athens, where he built a temple to Mercury, 
 which was appointed for a place of refuge to criminals. 
 Hyllus, with the Athenians, marched againft Euryftheus, 
 whom he killed with his own hand, and fent his head to 
 Alcmena, his grandmother. Some time after, he attempt- 
 ed to recover Peloponnefus with the Heraclides, and was 
 killed by Echemus, king of Arcadia. 
 
 Hymen, or Hymen^ixjs, the fon of Apollo and 
 Urania, and god of marriage ; or as fome fay, of Bac- 
 chus and Venus. He is reprefented under the figure of a 
 young man, holding a burning torch in one hand, and in 
 
 
I AM 
 the other a purple veft, with a crown of flowers on hie 
 head, chiefly of marjoram or rofes. 
 
 Hyperbo'reans, a people who lived in the moft 
 northern parts of Europe and Afia. 
 
 Hype'rion, a fon of Ccelus and Terra, who married 
 Thea, by whom he had Aurora, the fun, and the moon. 
 Hyperion is often taken by the poets for the fun itfelf. 
 Hcfiod. 
 
 Hypermne'stra, one of the fifty daughters of Danaus, 
 who alone fpared her hufband Lynceus, when the reft of 
 her Afters flew theirs on the wedding night. 
 
 Hypsi'pyle, a daughter of Thoas, and queen of 
 Lemnos. During her reign, Venus, whofe altars had 
 been univerfally flighted, puniflied the Lemnian women 
 by making their mouths and breath fo offenfive, that their 
 hulbands abandoned them, and gave themfelves up to fome 
 female flaves. This contempt was highly refented by the 
 women, and all unanimoufly put to death their male rela- 
 tions, Hypfipyle alone excepted, who preferved her father, 
 fur which pious deed (he was forced to leave her kingdom. 
 In her flight, the unfortunate queen was feized by pirates, 
 and fold to Lycurgus, king of Nemaea, who entrufted her 
 with the care of his ion : fee ARCHEMORUS. 
 
 Hy'reus, a peafant of Tenagra, who kindly entertain- 
 ed Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury, when travelling over 
 Bceotia. See Orion. 
 
 Hyrie, the mother of Cycnus of Tempe, who wept 
 fo much for his iofs that ftje was changed into a lake in 
 Boeotia. 
 
 IA'CCKUS, a name of Bacchus, from the clamour made 
 at the celebration of the Bacchanals. 
 
 Ia'lmenus, a fon of Mars and Aftyoche, who ac- 
 companied his brother Afcalaphus to the Trojan war, with 
 30 mips. 
 
 Ia'mbe, a female attendant of Metanira, wife of Celeus 
 king of Eleufjs, who tried to exhilarate Ceres, whenjhe 
 
J AS 
 
 was in queft of Proferpine. From the jokes and flouts' 
 which (he made ufe of, free and iatiiical verits have been 
 called Iambics. Apollod. 
 
 Ia'nthe, a beautiful Cretan lady, the wife of Iphis. 
 
 Janus, the moil ancient of the gods in Italy, for he 
 entertained Saturn on his arrival there, and therefore they 
 facrificed firft to him. He brought into Italy the ufe of 
 wine, temples, and altars ; and he was the inventor of 
 locks, doors, ami gates, over which he p>. elides. The 
 gates of his temples were op-n during the time of war, and 
 fhut in the time of peace. His images have two faces/ 
 both old, one looking backward, the other forward j with 
 a ftaff of white thorn in one hand, and a key in the odier. 
 - id. 
 
 Jape'ttjs, a fon of Titan or Ceekis, by Terra, and 
 the father of Atlas, Prometheus, and Epimetheus, by Alia 
 or Clymene. He is accounted by the Greeks to be founder 
 of their nation. 0<v\d. Hefiod. 
 
 Ia'pis, a Troian, and a favourite of Apollo, from whom 
 he received the knowledge of the power of medicinal herbs. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Ia'pix, a fon of Daedalus, who conquered a part of 
 Apulia in Italy, which he called Iapygia. Ovid. A north- 
 welt wind, blowing from Apulia toward Greece. Horace. 
 
 Ia'rbas, king of Mauritania, who courted Dido j but 
 not prevailing, waged war with her $ and (he, being 
 forced to fubmit, requefted a few days to appeafe the manes 
 ©1 her foimer huftn.nd. in which- time She killed herftlf. 
 
 Ja'sion, or Jasius, a fon of Jupiter and Eleclra, one 
 o,f the Atlantides, who reigned over part of Arcadia, where 
 he ddigemly employed himfelf in agriculture. He mar- 
 ried the goddets Cybele, by whom, he had two fons, Phi- 
 lometus and Plutus, to whom lome have added a third, 
 Corybas, who introduced the rites of his mother into 
 Phrygia. He had alio a daughter, whom he expofed ibon as 
 born, laying, th.it he would only raile male children ; but 
 (he was preieived, and rendeied herlelf famous aiierwsra 
 under the name of Atlanta. He was killed by his brother 
 D.ardanus, and ranked among the gods by the inhabitants 
 of Arcadia. Hefiod. Virgil, 
 
 Jason, the Ion of iEibn, king of lokhos, byAlcy 
 
ICA 
 
 mcda, daughter of Phylacus. JEfon being old ant! in- 
 firm, the throne was ufurped by Pelias, and Jaibn placed 
 under the care of the Centaur Chiron. When this prince 
 was grown up, he returned to Iolchos, and fo far gained 
 the arfe&ions of the people, that Pelias fought out feveral 
 methods to deftroy him, that he might itill pofTefs the 
 throne. He perfuaded Jafon to undertake the ccnqueit of 
 the golden fleece, hoping he would never return back. 
 The noife of this expedition fpreading far and near, the 
 Grecian princes were determined to have a mare in it, and 
 failed under his flag to Colchis, where this famous fleece 
 was han.qing on a tree, and defended by a monftrous dra- 
 gon. They were called Argonauts, from the name of 
 their (hip Argo. As foon as Jafon arrived at Colchis, he 
 gained the favour of Medea, a great magician, and daugh- 
 ter of king JEtes, who gave him herbs to throw the dra- 
 gon into a ileep j which fucceeded lb well, that he killed 
 the dragon, took away the fleece, and carried off Medea, 
 who, on their arrival at Iolchos, reftored JEibn to bis 
 youth ; and to avenge her hufbands' wrongs, (lie advifed 
 the daughters of Peiias to kill their father, and to boil him 
 in a brazen cauldron, making them believe it would reftcre 
 his youth. This inhuman atlion obliged Jafon and bis 
 wife to flee to Corinth, where they lived in perfect union, 
 till Jafon's partiality for Cieufa, the daughter of the king 
 of the country, caufed htm to divorce Medea. This infi- 
 delity was (everely revenged by Medea, for fee maflacred 
 all her children in the prefence of their father, and deftroy- 
 ed all the royal family except Jafon ; fhe then fled away in 
 a car, drawn by winged ferpents. At laft Jafon got pof- 
 feflion of Colchis, wheie he reigned peaceably during the 
 -reft of his life. Seneca. 0<vid. Virgil. 
 
 Ica'rius, the fon of CEbalus, who fir ft taught the ufe 
 of wine$ and giving ibme of it to (hepheids, it made them 
 drunk, and they fuppoied they had been poifoned $ upon 
 which they threw him into a pit. After death he was honour- 
 ed with public feftivals, and his bitch Maera difcovered his 
 body to his daughter Erigone, who killed herfelf, and the 
 poor bitch pined away ; but Icarius was charged into .ihe 
 irgn Bootes, Erigone into Virgo, and Msera into the 
 Pogftar, 
 
ILI 
 
 Tcarus, the Ton of Daedalus, who, flying with his 
 father from Crete with artificial wings, and not minding 
 his father's advice, foared too near the Am, fo that the watf 
 of his wings melted, and he fell into the fea, which has 
 fince taken his name. 
 
 Ida, a high hill in Phrygta, a fmall diltance from Troy, 
 famous for the judgment of Paris, when he gave the gold- 
 en apple to Venus, as the prize of beauty.— A mountain 
 in Crete, on which Jupiter was brought up, and where 
 there was a temple dedicated to Cybele. Strabo. 
 
 Ida'lium, a town of Cyprus, facred to Venus, who 
 hence had the name of Idalia. 
 
 Idas, one of the Argonauts, who married Marpefa, 
 daughter of Evenus king of ^Etolia. He and his brother 
 Lynceus affociated with Pollux and Caftor to carry away 
 fome flocks, and then refufed to divide the plunder into 
 equal (hares : this provoked the fons of Leda j Lynceus 
 was killed by Caftor, and Caftor was immediately (lain by 
 Was, who in his turn periihed by the hand of Pollux. 
 Homer. Apollod. 
 
 Idmon, the fon of Apollo, by Algeria; being famed 
 for his (kill in augury, he attended the Argonauts in their 
 expedition to Colchis $ but wandering from his companions 
 when they landed, he was killed by a wild boar. 
 
 Idomene'us, a king of Crete, who went to the fiege 
 of Troy, with ninety (hips. On his return he made a row 
 to Neptune, during a tempeff, to facrifice the firrr peribn 
 that he mould fee on the Cretan fhore, if he efcaped. This 
 piince foon repented his vow, for his own fon was the firft 
 he law j however, he offered him to the god, which was 
 deemed fo cruel and rafh a facrifice, that his fubjecls drove 
 him out of the country. He went and founded a city in 
 Calabria, which he called Salentum, and rendered his peo- 
 ple happy. 
 
 Flia, a daughter of Numitor, king of Alba, called 
 alfo Rhea Sylvia. Her uncle Amulius, having ufurped 
 the throne, confecrated her to the fervice of Vefta, that (he 
 might not become a mother ; but violence was offered to 
 lira, and (he brought forth Romulus and Remus, who 
 afterward reftored the crown to their grandfather Numitor. 
 Ilia was buried alive by Amulius, for violating the Uv 
 
INO 
 
 ©f Vefta, and becaufe her tomb was near the Tiber, ibme 
 fuppofe that me married that river. Horace. O-uid. 
 
 1'lion, or Ilium, a citadel of Troy, built by Ilua, 
 from whom it received its name. It is generally taken for 
 Troy itfelf; and feme have luppofed that the town was 
 called Ilium, and the adjacent countiy Troy, 
 
 Ilws, a ion of Tros, and the fourth king of Troy, 
 who married Eurydice daughter of Adraftus, by whom he 
 had Themis the wife of Capys, and Laomedon the father 
 of Priam. He embellished the city of Troy, and built the 
 citadel of Ilium. When the temple of Minerva was in 
 flames, Ilus rufhed in to fave the Palladium, for which 
 aclion he was deprived of his fight by the goddefs j but he 
 recovered it fume time after. Homer. Strabo. 
 
 Ina'chus, a fon of Oceanus and Tethys, who found- 
 ed the kingdom of Argos, and gave his name to a river 
 of the country, of which he became the tutuiar deity. He 
 reigned 60 years, and from him many others received a 
 name : his daughter Io was called I-nachis j his defendants 
 Epaphus and Perfeus, Inachides ; eight of his (uceeffors 
 on the throne, Inachidaej the Greek.?, particularly the 
 Argiyes, Inachi \ the country of Peloponnefus, Inachia $ 
 and a town of that country, Inachium. Apollod. Properi, 
 Ocvtd. 
 
 Indi'getes, a name given to illuftrious men, who 
 were honoured as gods after their death. They were lb 
 called, becauie they had all kinds of perfection except im- 
 mortality. 
 
 INO, a daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, and the 
 wife of Athama?, after he had divorced Nephele. She 
 became mother of Learchus and Melicerta, and foon con- 
 ceived implacable hatred againft the children of Nephele, 
 Phryxus and Helle, who efcaped her machinations, and 
 fled to Colchis on a golden ram. Juno, jealous of Ino's 
 profperity, reiolved to diihirb her pe;iCe, and filled Atha- 
 mas with fuch fury, that, taking Ino and her children for 
 a lionet's and her wheips, he purfued them and darned her 
 fon Learchus againtt a wall. Ino efcaped from the fury of 
 her hiifband, and threw herfelf into the fea, with Melicerta 
 in her arms ; but Neptune changed them into lea deities, 
 .called Leucothea and Palemon. Homer, Ovid* 
 M 
 
IPH 
 
 Ig, the daughter of Inachus and Ifmena. Jupiter changed 
 her into a beautiful cow, to hide her from the fearch of 
 juno j but this goddefs obtained her of Jupiter, and fhe 
 was given to Argus to keep; Mercury, chaiming him 
 with the found of his flute till he fell afleep, flew him by 
 the order of Jupiter. Juno then lent a gadfly, which con- 
 tinually flung lo, and made her fly from place to place, 
 till at laft fhe threw herfeif into the fea, and fwam actofs 
 the Mediterranean into Egypt, where Jupiter reftored her 
 to her own (hape, and begat Epaphus. The Egyptians 
 raifed altars to this wanderer, and offered facrifices to her 
 under the name of Ifis. Jupiter beftowed immortality 
 upon her, and made her marry Ofiris. Ovid. 
 
 Joca'sta, a daughter of Monoccius, and filter to Cre- 
 on, king of Thebes. After the death of her huibard La- 
 ius, (he was manied to CEdipus, her own fon, neither of 
 them knowing each other, and by him had Eteocles and 
 Polynices, who convng to know their inceihious birth, 
 kilted each other, and jocaita flew heilelf. Statins. 
 
 Iola'us, a fon of Ipfncles, king of Theflaly, who 
 afliiied Hercules in killing the Hydra, by fearing the plac 
 from which Hercules cut off each head with a cautery, that 
 no more might fpring up : for which reafon, when he was 
 old, Hercules by his prayers to Hebe, reltored him to 
 yooth. O'viJ. 
 
 Io'lchos, the capital city of ThefTaly, famous for the 
 birth of Jalbn, and where the Grecian prir.ces aflembled to 
 go to the conqueft of the golden fleece-. 
 • I'OLE, daughter of Eurytu^, king of CEchalia. She 
 made Hercuies, for love of her, do all lei vile offices ; win 
 being about to marry her, determined Dcuinira to fend thi 
 hero the fata! Ihirt of Neflus. Aftei the death of Hercule 
 fhe married his Ion Hyllus." Ovid. 
 
 Io'nia, a~ province of A-fia the Lefs, along the coaft o 
 the Archipelago, founded by colonies from Greece, lub- 
 jecls of Ion. It contains ieverai confidciabie ernes, a; 
 Ephefus, Smyrna, Miletus, Priene, &c. The inhabitant! 
 are called Tonians. 
 
 Iphiana'ssa, a daughter of Proetus, king of Argos 
 ,who, with her iilfers Lylippe and Iphi oe, preferring their 
 beauty to .that of Juno, were (truck with iuch madnei's a 
 
IP H 
 
 to believe themfelves to be cows ; but afterward were 
 cured by Melampus, to whom Iphianafla was given in 
 marriage. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 1'phicles, a fori of Amphy trion and Alcmena, born 
 at the fame birth with Hercules. He was remarkable for 
 his fwiftnefs in running. 
 
 Iphi'damas, a fon of Antenor, killed by Agamemnon. 
 Homer. 
 
 Iphige'nia, the daughter of Agamemnon and CJy- 
 temneftia. Agamemnon, having by chance killed one of 
 Diana's (tags, was by her, in revenge, with his whole 
 fleet, windbound at Aulis, on their pafiage to the Trojan 
 war j and they were told by a foothfayer, that the god- 
 defs would not be appeafed, except his daughter Iphigenia 
 was facnrked. Ulyfles got the virgin from the mother 
 by ci\.ft ; but when (he was at the altar, Diana pitied her, 
 and put a hind in her place, and fent her to Taurica j where, 
 by the order of kingThoas, me was made prieftefs to that 
 goddefs, whofe facrifkes were folemnized with human 
 victims. When Oreftes, her brother, went thither to 
 clear himfelf of parricide, (he knew h'm at the very inftant 
 that (lie was going to facrifice him, and delivered him ; 
 >as alfo Pylades, who would have died for him. They all 
 three fled, killed Thoas, and carried off the ftatue of Diana 
 !tp Sparta. Euripides. Ovid. 
 
 Iphime'dia, the wife of Aloeus, who 6ed from her 
 hutband, and had two fons by Neptune, Orhus and Ephi- 
 altes, who grew nine inches every month. 
 
 Iphis, the daughter ofLygdus and 1 tlethufa, of Crete. 
 IWhen Tdethufa was with child, Lygdus ordered her to 
 expofe it, if it was a female, becaufe his poverty could not 
 afford to maintain an ufelefs charge. It happened to be a 
 igirl, and (he being commanded by Ids in a dream to fpare 
 !its life, (lie called it Iphis, and brought it up as a boy. The 
 [father, ignorant of the deceit, efpoufed his fuppoiid fon to 
 [anthe, a fine lady. The mothar, fearing the difcoveiy, 
 prayed for help to Ifis, who changed Iphis into a ma i the 
 day before the marriage. — A handfome youth of Salamis, 
 who hanged himfelf for the love of Anaxarete. Ovid. 
 
 I'phitus, fon of Eurytus, and bio 1 her to Iole. Au- 
 ;olicus having ttolen away the oxen ot Eurytus, Hercules 
 M a 
 
1ST 
 
 was fufpefted of the theft, and Iphitus was Tent in queft of 
 them. In his fearch he met with Hercules, whole good 
 favours he had gained by advifing Eurytus to give Iole to 
 the conqueror. Hercules afiilttd Tphifus in fee-king the 
 loft animals ; but when he recollected the ingratitude of 
 Eurytus, he killed Iphirus. 
 
 Iris, a daughter of Thaumas, by Electra, one of the 
 Oceanides. She was meflenger of the gods, affd particu- 
 larly of juno, who changed her into a how, and placed 
 her in beaten, in reward of her good fervices. This is 
 now called the rainbow. 
 
 Irus, a beggar of Ithaca, who executed the commifTions 
 of the fuitors of Penelope. Ul)ffes, at his return, killed 
 him with a blow of his fift. Ho?ner. 
 
 Isis, a celebrated deity of the Egyptians, daughter of 
 Saturn and Rhea. She married Ofuis, and fhared his 
 throne in Egypt j and, by the juftice of her reign, was 
 ■worftupped as a goddefs. Some fay Io, the daughter of 
 Inachus, was the fame as Ifis, 
 
 I'smene, a daughter of CEdipus, who declared herfelf 
 as guilty as her fifter Antigone, for giving burial to their 
 brother Polynices, and inhfted on being equally puniihed 
 with her. — A daughter of Afopus, who married the hun- 
 dred-eyed Argus, by whom fhe had Jafus. Apollod. 
 
 I'smenus, a fon of Apollo, by Media, one of the 
 Nereides, who gave his name to a river of Bceotia. The 
 Theban women near this river were called Ifmenides. 
 Pauf. Ovid. 
 
 Ise, a daughter of Macareus, beloved by Apollo, who, 
 to obtain her confidence, changed him felf into a fhepherd, 
 to whom (he was attached. This metamorphofe of Apollo 
 was reprefenied on the web of Arachne. Ovid. 
 
 I'sthmia, or Isthmian Games, facred games among 
 the Greeks, which received their name from the. Ifthmus 
 of Corinth, where they were celebrated in commemoration 
 of Melicerta, who was changed into a lea deity, when his 
 mother Ino had thrown herfelf into the fea with him in her 
 arms. They were interrupted after fome years, and The- 
 feus at laft reinirated them in honour of Neptun?, whorn 
 he publicly called his father. The vicTtors were rewarded 
 mih garlands of pine leaves j but, Tome time after, this 
 
JUN 
 was changed for a crown of dry and withered parfley.' 
 Pauf. 
 
 I'talus, the fon of Telegonus and Penelope, who 
 eftablifhed a kingdom in Italy, called after him. It is 
 iiippoied that he received divine honours after death, as 
 ./Eneas calls upon him among other deities when he en- 
 tered Italy. 
 
 I'thaca, a celebra-ed Ifland of Greece, and the mod 
 fertile country in all Alia, where Ul)ffes reigned a long 
 while. The capital city was of the lame name. 
 
 ITYS, the fon of 7 ereus and'Progne, whom his mother 
 killed and ferved up at a banqutt, to his father, and at 
 iair was turned into a pheafant. Onpid. 
 
 JtJLUS, the fon of iEneas, originally called Afcaniiis. 
 
 JUNO, a celebrated i.eity, daughter of Saturn and Rhea, 
 and lifter and wife to Jupiter. Sue ; s oiled Saturnia from 
 her father, and has ^veral o'her names from her different 
 office?. Jupiter, her brother, chang.d himfeif into a cuckoo 
 to deceive her, but (he found him our, and would not Men 
 to him, unieis he married het. Their nuptials were cele- 
 brated with the greater! folemn'ty $ the gods, and all man- 
 kind,, a i tended, except Cnelone, who was pumfhed for 
 her derifion. Juno loon became lb jealous, that ihe watched 
 Jupiter continually, always perftcuting his c ncubmes, 
 and the ch Idren he had by them, bhe foiced Hercules into 
 a great number of dangers, as well as leveral others ; but 
 finding Jupiier did not regard her, (he ret : red to Samos, 
 wheie (he continued a long time. Jupiter, to make her 
 return, brou ht a chariot, in which he placed a svooden 
 image, magnificently drefltd, and caufed it to he proclaimed 
 in all the Itreets, that it was Platea, daughter of ' iEfopus, 
 who he was going to marry : upon which Juno was greatly 
 enraged, but when (he found out the artifice of Jupiter, 
 fhe laughed at the jeft and was reconciled. After the 
 defeat of the gods, to whom flie had joined in rebellion, 
 Jupiter hung her in the air by magnetic puliies, wbfch 
 Vulcan invented, to be revenged of her, becaufe (he had 
 brought him into the world of fuch a difagreeabie make. 
 He hung two anvils at her feet, after her hands were tied 
 behind her with a golden chain. The gods not being able 
 to fet her free, they begged of Vulcan to do it, promifing 
 
JUP 
 
 in return to give him Venus as a wife ; for which afTiftan 
 he was kicked down from heaven by his father, and broke his 
 leg by the fdl. Juno was mfupportabjy prouti, and would 
 never pardon Paris for not giving her the golden apple upon 
 mount Ida, when fhe ddput-d her "beauty with Vmus and 
 Pallas: me then declared herfelf an irteconcileable enemy 
 to the Trojans, and purlued her revenge even upon ^Eneas. 
 Thi? prince having let fail in crder to i*ttle in Jtaiy, fhe 
 went to JEo\u$j and prom i ft d him Peiopeia, the moft 
 beautiful "of her nymphs, if be could caufe him and his 
 people to perifh j but Venus protected hint. The queen of 
 the gods, always attentive to the conduct of Jupiter, gave 
 Io, tuned into a cow, to the care o f Argus^ whpm Mer- 
 cury charmed* afleep and killed; bu< (lie changed hei ferv- 
 ant into a peacock, and took this bird under her protec- 
 tion. Having learned that Jupiter had brought Pallas into 
 the world without her aflirtance, by cauling her to proceed 
 from his brain ; fhe out of revenge, brought Mars into 
 into the world without h' help. S{v pre/jded over mariiage 
 and childbu t)i, and had if* veral names taken From the places 
 where lhe was worshipped,. The poets repicfent her upon 
 a chariot drawn by peacocks, with a diadem on her head, 
 and a golden fceptre in her hand : fome peacocks generally 
 fat near her, and a cuckoo often perched on her fcept.e, 
 whde Iris behind her difplaved the colours of her bow. 
 
 JUNON a'lia, or JuNONlA, festivals at Rome in honour 
 of Juno, the fame as the Hersea of the (in-eks. 
 
 JUPITER, the fupreme god of the heathens, fon of Sa- 
 turn and Rhea. ' As foon as Rhea ws delivered, Saturt 
 devoured all the male infants that Hie brought into ihi 
 world ; Titar haying yielded his right of elderfhip on tha 
 Condition, hoping by this means he fbould afcend the 'hiom 
 in his tjrn. ; ^ v hen Jupiter "ap4 Juno being twins, wen 
 born, RHea was defirous of faving the former from Saturn'! 
 cruelty j and when fhe prefented Juno, fhe gave him ; 
 iftone, ihftead of Jupiter, in fwaddling cloths, which ba- 
 turri immediately ■■devoured'. She delivered Jupiter to the 
 Corybmtes, w | 10 , by a kind of dance' ufed among them, 
 hindered the crying of the child from coming to the ears of 
 the father ; and they carried him to the ifland of Crete, 
 where he was fed by Amakhsea with goats milk. When ho 
 
JUP 
 
 was grown up, they acquainted him with his birth, and he 
 fignifled to Saturn that he ought to b<- received as his heir. 
 Titan, ignorant of the deceit, looked upon Saturn as a 
 deceiver, drove h»m from heaven, and made him pnfjner. 
 Jupiter then began to difcover figns of his power ; he at- 
 tacked the Titans, delivered his father, a« d replaced him 
 on the throne : but Saturn learning of Dettny, that Jupi- 
 ter was bom to command the univeile, this ungrateful 
 father endeavoured to dettroy his fen $ but Jupiter took up 
 arms agai Ir Ium, drove him our of heaven, and obliged 
 him to conceal himielf in Latium. Jup-ter mounted the 
 throne of his father, and in a little time became matter of 
 the heavens and the earth. He then married his fitter Juno, 
 and divided the fucceff.on of his father with his brothers 5 
 reierving heaven for himielf, giving the empire of the wa- 
 ters to Neptune, and that of the infernal regions to Pluto. 
 Soon afterward thele brother*, with' Juno, Polia^, and the 
 other gods, were deiiious of throwing erf r.is joke ; but he 
 defeated them, and- con it rained them -to fly into Egypt, 
 where they alTumed different fltapes : ^e put i'ued them in 
 the form of a ram, and at length agreed to make pence 
 with them, thmking himf If fee u re. J he Giants, ions of 
 Coelus, dehrous of regaining their ri^h • ?nd avenging the 
 death of their relations the Tigris, heap d mountains upon 
 mountai s, to fcale t e heavens, and to dnve him away} 
 ■ but Jupiter, being matter .of the hghining, Jlrnck them 
 with thunderbolts, and crufbed them under the f me moun- 
 tains. After this great vi£Wv,- he abando ed Irmlelf to 
 pleafure, and had numberlels chil 'ren by a great num- 
 ber of concubines. He metamorpholed himfelf into all 
 manner of fhapes to deceive them : he was a fatyr to fur- 
 prife Antiope, a golden (bower to obtain Danae, a bull to 
 ieduce Europa, and a flame of fire to enjoy j^Egina 5 he 
 abufed Leda in the (haoeof a (wan, and deceived Alcmena 
 in the form of her hufband ; he ailumed the figure of Diana 
 to corrupt Califto, and even metamcrphof d bimfdf into 
 an €3gle to carry off the bov Ganymede. Thcle are the 
 notions that the pagans had of the deity which they wor- 
 shipped and adored mere than any other, and looked upon 
 him as the abfolute matter of the world. - The oak was 
 confecrated to biro, becaufe, after the example of Saturn, 
 
1X1 
 
 He taught men to feed upon acorns. The moft fuperb 
 temples were trebled to him throughout the world ; he was 
 the Ammon of Lybia, the Belus of Babylon, the Oiiris of 
 Egypt, &c. His iurnames were numerous, and many of 
 them after the places where his altars were built; but his 
 principal one wai Olympus, becanfe he fometimes dwelt, 
 with all hi6 court, on the top of mount Olympus. All 
 the anciint authors have given fuch accounts of his wondeiv 
 ful anions, that they feem to vie with each other who fhould 
 write moft. He is generally reprefented as fitting on a 
 golden or ivory throne, holding in one hand thunderbolts 
 ready to be hurled, and in the other a fceptre of cyprus : 
 his looks exprefs rnaiefty, his beard flows long and neg- 
 lected, and an eagle (lands with expanded wings at his 
 feet : the upper par's of his body are commonly naked, and 
 thole below the wailf covered with a mantle variegated, with 
 d ff-icnt flowers, p secularly the lily. 
 
 Justi'tia, the goddefs of juftice, otherwife called The- 
 mis, Alfraea, and Nemeiis. 
 
 Jutu'rna, a daughter of Daunus, and filler of Ttirnns, 
 whom Jupiter, as a reward for her virginity, changed into 
 a nymph of the river Mumicius ; others fay (he was changed 
 into a fountain in wh ch Juno bathed, and had her virgii.ity 
 reftored every year. 
 
 Ju'venal, a poet born at Aquinum in Italy, who. 
 wrote fatties in the time of Nero and Domitian. He had 
 made lome reflections on Pari*, a favourite aclor, and was 
 fent in his 8oth year as goverr.or on the frontiers of Egypt, 
 where he fuffered much from his office, or rather his exile ; 
 but he returned to Rome after the death of Paris, and died 
 in the reign of Trajan. His writings arc fVry and anima- 
 ted, and they abound with humour; but the gv.f* manner 
 in which he ridicules the follies of mankind, rather encou- 
 rages than difarms the debauched and licentious. He may ( 
 be called the lad of the Roman poets, for nothing claims 
 attention as a poetical compofition after his time. 
 
 1'xiON, the fon of Phlegyss, king of the Lapithae in, 
 Theffaly. He married Dia, daughter of Deianeus, by 
 whom he had Pei ithous, the friend of Thefeus. He trea- 
 cheroufly killed his father-in-law, but obtained his pa* don, 
 from Jupiter, who advsmc$d him to heaven, and placed him 
 
LAB 
 
 at the table of the god?. Tbis favour ferved oniy to. in- 
 flame his luft, and he would have ravtfhed Juno 5 but Ju- 
 piter formed a cloud in her ihape, on which he begat rhe 
 Centaurs, and was caft down to the eanh again ; but boaft- 
 jpg there, that he had familiarly known the queen of the 
 gods, he was ftruck with thunder down into hell, where 
 he was tied to a wheel that continually turned round, and 
 was encornpaiTed by ferpents. Ovid. 
 
 LA AN, a city of Laconia. It is fo called, becaufe ft 
 was built on the top of a high mountain. 
 
 Laeda, a daughter of Airphion, one of the Bacchiada;, 
 born lame. She married E&ion, by whom (lie had a ion 
 called Cypfelus. The oracle had foretold, that a fon of 
 Labda mould take Corinth, for which reaion the Bacchi- 
 adae fent ten men to kill the child ; but at the moment one 
 of them was going to plunge his poriard in his heart,' 
 Cypfelus held out his hand and fmiled ; "upon wh'ch the 
 murderer had not the power to kill it : however, he gave 
 the child to his companions, to whom the fam thing hap- 
 pened ; and Cyplelus palfed from hand to hand, till he 
 came to the lair, who reft rt-d him back to his mother. 
 Being all gone out, they reproached each other with their 
 weaknefs, and returned back to commit the murder ; but 
 Labda, who had heard all that had paflt-d, hid hrm in a 
 coffer, and by that means faved him from the fury of bis 
 enemies, whom he afterward defiroyed. Pauf. Herodot.' M 
 
 La'BDACAS, fon of Polydorus, by Nycteis, and father 
 to Laius, king of Thebes It is unknown whetTuev he 
 ever fat on the throne of Thebes }" but his defendants were 
 called Labdacides. 
 
 La a BYRINTH, a place built with many windings and' 
 turnings, the paiTage in and out being almoft impallable, 
 without a clue to diiecV it. There. were feveial of thefej 
 and hat of Egypt, near the city of Arfinoe, wa" the molt 
 ancient \ but that moll fpoken of by the poets was at 
 Ctete, which was built by Dasdalus, in which he himfelf 
 
LAI 
 
 was fliut upi and where Minos had imprifoned the Mino- 
 taur. 
 
 Laced je'mon, a fon of Jupiter and Taygete, the 
 daughter of Atlas, who married Sparta, the daughter of 
 Eurotas, by whom he had Amyclus and Eurydice, the 
 wife of Acrifius, He was the firfl who introduced the 
 worfhip of the Graces in Laconia, and who built them a 
 temple. From him and his wife, the capital of Laconia 
 was called Lacedaemon and Sparta. Apollod. Pauf. A 
 celebrated city of Peloponnefs, the metropolis of Laco- 
 nia ; famous for its excellent laws made by Lycurgus. It 
 was alfo called Sparta j and is now known by the name of 
 Mifitra. The Lacedaemonians have rendered themfelves 
 illuttnous for their courage and intrepidity, for their love 
 of honour and liberty, and for their averlion to floth and 
 luxury. 
 
 La'csesis* one of the Fates, orPanae, who was fup- 
 pofed to prefide over futurity. Her office was to hold the 
 ipindle, and draw out the thread of human life. She was 
 generally reprefcnted in a garment variegated with ftars, 
 and holding fpindles in her hand. 
 
 Laco'nia, a large country of Peloponnefus, the chief 
 city of which w^s Lacedaemon. The inhabitants were fa- 
 mous for the brevity with which they always expreffed 
 themfelves. 
 
 Lae'rtes, a king of Ithaca, who married Ant-clea, 
 and died foon after the arrival of his fon Uiyfles, from the 
 fiege of Troy. 
 
 Ljestry'gones, a rude and favage people near Phor-, 
 mia, in Italy. Homer fays they were of a gigantic Mature ; 
 and when Ulyffes came on their coalts, they funk his fhips 
 and devoured his men. 
 
 Lais, a famous courtefan, born at Hyccara, in Sicily. 
 She wa? carried into Greece, and fold her favours in Co- 
 rinth at a rnoft extravag-mt rate ; and being encouraged to 
 pafs in f o Theffaly, the women of the place, jealous of her 
 charms, affafiinated her in the temple of Venus 
 
 La'ius, the fon of Labdacus kirg of Thebes, and 
 hufband of Jocafta. Having confulted the oracle about his 
 deftiny, he learned that he mould be killed by his own fon, 
 who would many Jocafta. When the queen was delivered, 
 
LAO 
 
 he gave the child, called CEdipus, to one of his officers, to 
 be put to death ; but he, moved with companion, gave him 
 to a fhepherd, who brought him up, and took him to 
 Corinth, where he made him pafs for the fon of Polybius, 
 king of that country. CEdipus, being grown up, con- 
 futed the oracle, which gave him the fame anfwer as had 
 been before given to Laius. Believing himfelf to be the 
 ion of Polybius, he banifned himfelf to avoid fuch atrocious 
 crimes ; and one day meeting with his father without 
 knowing him, they quarrelled, and Laius was killed. 
 
 La'mia, a daughter of Neptune, whom Jupiter ioved, 
 and had by her a multitude of children. Juno, raging 
 with jealoufy, flew them all j which infpired Lamia with 
 fuch rage, that (he devoured all the children that came in 
 her way. This is probably the ground of the following, 
 fable. 
 
 - La'mije, certain monfters of Africa, that had the face 
 and brealt of a woman, and the reft of the body like that 
 of a ferpent : they ufed to entice men, and then devour 
 them. Some believe them to be evil fpirits, who, under the 
 form of a beautiful woman, enticed children and devoured 
 them. Otheis derive the fable of the Lamise, from the 
 amours of Jupiter with the beautiful Lamia. 
 
 Lampe'tja and Lampethusa, daughters of Sol and 
 Clymene, who with their filter Phaethuia are called He- 
 hades. 
 
 Lanu'vium, a town of Latium, where Juno had a 
 celebrated temple, in which the Roman confute, on enter* 
 ing upon office, facrificed to the goddefs. 
 
 Lao'coon-, fon of Priam and Hecuba, and high prieft . 
 of Apollo. He endeavoured to hinder the Trojans from 
 bringing the wooden horfe into the city, ar-d even thruft 
 his J pear into its fide ; but Pallas, offended with the vio- 
 lent, becaule the horfe was offered to her, fent two enor- 
 mous Tei. pen ts cut of the fea, which fqueezed hirr. and his 
 two tons in their Complicated wreaths, that they died in th$ 
 greateit agonies. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Laoda'mia, a daughter o{ Bellerophon, and the mo« 
 thei of barpedon by Jupiter; £)i an a killed her wi'h an 
 -arrow, on account of her pride. 'Homer. A daughter of 
 Acallus by Altyda'rnia, and wife of 'Protefilaus, who was 
 
LAR 
 killed at the Trojan war. She ardently wifhed for her 
 husband's return, and having obtained it for three months, 
 Ihe was perfuaded to go back with him to the infernal 
 fhades. Virgil. 0<vid. 
 
 Lao'dice, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, who be- 
 came enamoured of Acamas, ion of Tbeieus, and had a 
 fon by him called Munitus. She afterward married Helia- 
 com, fon of Antenor, king of Myfia. She threw herielf 
 from the top of a tower and was killed when Troy was 
 facked by the Greeks. Pauf. Homer. 
 
 Lao'docus, a fon of Antenor the Trojan, whofeform 
 Minerva took to advife Pandarus tothrow'a dart at Mene- 
 iaus to break me truce. 
 
 Lao'medon, a fon of Ilus, and king of Troy. He : 
 agreed with Neptune and Apollo, for a film of money, to 
 aflift in rebuilding the walls of Troy ; but when the work 
 was finifhed, he would not ftand to his word. To punifh 
 him, Apollo afflicled the country with the plague ; and 
 Neptune, after a terrible inundation, lent a fea monfter. 
 The Trojans confuhed the oracle, who told them, that to 
 repair the injultice, they muiiexpoie a virgin every year to 
 the monfter. When this calamity had continued fome 
 years, his daughter JL/ione was drawn out by lot for the 
 iapriflce. Hercules came and delivered this -unfortunate 
 princei's, or/ condit'on of receiving Laomedon's horles that 
 were of a divine breed ; but rhe'+ing refufed to perform 
 his agreement} which lb 'exalperattd Herculev that he 
 facked the city, killed him, and gave Heilone to Tclamon, 
 who carried her into Thrace. 0<vid. Virgil. 
 ' La'p'ith;e, a people of Thtlfnly, who were a fort of 
 ninvihots giants, ,the progeny of JEolqs, by Lapitha 
 (laughter of Apollo. They were the 6r(t who tamed 
 horik. They quarrelled wi:h the Centaurs at the nuptials 
 . of Pirithous and Hippbdatma*. &vid. 
 
 Lara, one of the Naiades, famous for her beauty and 
 . 'ojiiacJ y. She revealed to Juno the amours of Jupiter* 
 with -Jiiterna, for which the god cut off her tongue, and 
 banifljecl her to the infernal regions. Mercury, who was 
 oideied to conduct he* thither, ravifhed her by the way ; 
 and Ore became the mother of two : childien, to whom di- 
 ,une lioflovnrs were paid under the name ol X*ares. 
 
LAV 
 Lares, -deities of inferior power at Rome, who prefided 
 •ver houies and families. They were two in number, fons 
 of Mercury by Lara. In procefs of time their power was 
 extended over ftreets, ways, the country, and the fea. 
 Same have confounded the Lares and the Penates, but they 
 were different. 
 
 Lari'ssa, a celebrated city on the borders of the Pene- 
 ui in TheiTaly. Jupiter had there a famous temple j and 
 it was here that Acrihus was inadvertently killed by his 
 grandfon Perfeus. 
 
 La'rius, the largeft lake in Italy. Virgil. 
 'L.\?.V2£, the gholts or fpecbes of bad men, who were 
 faid to ilTuefrom their graves, and wander about in terrible 
 ftiapes. Some call them Lemures. 
 
 Lati'nus, a fon of Faunus, king of Larium, who 
 
 married his daughter Lavinia to ^Eneas, whom his wife 
 
 Amata had promiied to Turnus king of the Rutuli ; which 
 
 I was the ground of the war between .ZEneas and Turnus, 
 
 in which the latjer was killed. 
 
 La'tium, a country of Italy, lying between the mouth 
 of the Tiber and Cape Circello, having Tufcany on the 
 1 welt, and Campania on the eaft. The flrit inhabitants were 
 I calied Aborigines, and received the .name of Latini from 
 j NjLatiotts their king, in whole reign Laurentum was the ca- 
 lf pital city. 
 
 Latmos, a mountain In Caria, famous for the amours 
 ■ between Cynthia and Endymion. 
 
 Lato'na, 3 daughter of Ceus and Phoebe, admired 
 |i for her beauty, and celebrated for tier amours with Jupi- 
 Iter. Juno, always jealous of her huftr.nd's amours, cauied 
 IXatona to be puiTued by the ferpent Python, which forced 
 liber 10 wander about in fear ail the while (lie was with child, 
 I and She could find no place on eajrth where (lie might rett 
 rand bring forth. Neptune, moved with companion, railed 
 jup Pelos in the midrf of the, lea, and Latgna, changed into 
 l.a quail by Jupiter, fled thither, where me re fumed her ori- 
 Ijginal fhape, and was delivered of Apollo and Diana. O-vid* 
 Lave'rna, the goddefs of thieves and robbers. She 
 I : was reprefented by the figure of a head without a body. 
 
 Lavi'nia, the daughter of Latinus, who had been 
 j.promiied by h|jr mother to Turnus ; but the oracle hav- 
 
LER 
 
 ing ordered her father to marry her to a foreign prince, he 
 offered her to /Eneas on his arrival in Italy. This pro- 
 duced a war between the two fuitors, and they fought a 
 duel in the preience of their armies, agreeing that the vic- 
 tor fhould marry Lavinia ; /Eneas killed Turnus, and 
 took Lavinia for his wife. VirgiL 
 
 Lavi'ntum, a city of Latium in Italy, built b) ./Eneas, 
 and called by that name in honour of Lavinia. 
 
 Laure'ntia and Laurenta'lia. See Acca. 
 
 Laure'ntum, a city near Lavinium, in Italy, origi- 
 nally the capital of Latium. 
 
 Lausus, a fon of Numitor, and b+other of Ilia, (lain 
 by his uncle Amulius, who usurped his father's throne. 
 Ovid. A fon of Mezentius, killed by ./Eneas in the war 
 which his father and Turnus made againit the Trojans 'in 
 Italy. VirgiL 
 
 Lea'nder, a young man of Abydos, on the fide of the 
 Heliefpont, oppofite to Seftcs, on the fide of Europe, 
 where his beloved Hero lived. Ovid. 
 
 Lea'rchus, the foh of Athamas and Ino, crufhed to 
 death againfta wail by his dilfta&ed father. Ovid. 
 
 Leda, a daughter of king Theipius, who married Tyn- 
 darus, king -of Laconia. As fbe was bathing in the river 
 Eurotas, and lome few days advanced in pregnancy, Ju- 
 piter deceived her- in the mape of a I'wan ; ilie thereupon 
 •aid two eggs, from one of which came Pollux and Helen, 
 and from the other Caitor and Cijtemneiira ; the two for- 
 mer were deemed iheotfspring of Jupiter, and the others 
 were laid to be the children of Tyndarus. Some fuppofe 
 that Led^brought forth only one egg, from winch Cailor 
 and Pollux fprung. 
 
 Lemnos, an iflard in the ./Egean fea, [acred to Vuidffly 
 where he had his forges j and where likewiie was a famous 
 labyrinth. 
 
 Lemo'niades, nvmphs of the meadows and fields-. 
 
 Le'mures, evil fpiiits, or gholls, who came to dillurb 
 and plague thofe who had injured them when living. They 
 are fometimes calkd Larva. 
 
 Le'xjexjs, a name of Bacchus, from the vat or prefs in 
 •winch wine is made. Ovid. 
 ■ Lerna, a lake near Argos, in Pejopehnefus, where 
 
LIB 
 
 Hercules defeated the Hydra with feven beads, and where 
 rhe Danaides threw the heads of their hufbands. 
 ! Lesbos, a large ifiami in the JEgeari lea, where there 
 was a famous temple of Apollo. The Lefbians were 
 much addicted to debauchery and extravagance. It is now 
 called Metelin. 
 
 Lethe, a river of hell, whofe waters the fouls of the 
 dead drank after they had been confined for a certain time 
 in Tartarus; which as foon as they had do^e, they loft 
 the remembrance of every tiling that had palled. 
 • Leucas, or LeucadiAj an ifland in the Ionian fes, 
 on winch there is a .'oclc from whence defpairing lovers 
 threw themfelves into the fea j of which we have- an inttance 
 fn Sappho. Statins. 
 
 LEUCi'prs., a daughter of Theftor, who went in fearch 
 of her father and Theonoe her filter, in the habit of a 
 prieft : fee Thestor. 
 
 Leuco'thea, the wife of- Athamas, changed into a fea 
 deity by Neptune : fee Ino. She was called Matuta by 
 the Romans. 
 
 Leuco'thoe, the daughter of . Orchamus 3nd Eury- 
 nome'. Apollo fell in love with her, and (he at laft yield- 
 ed to his delires. Clytia, another concubine cf Apollo, in- 
 formed Orchamus of this affair, who buried his daughter 
 alive ; but the god changed her into a frankincenfe-tree. 
 
 Liber, a name of Bacchus, who is -the fymbol of liber- 
 ty, and was worfhipped in all free cities. 
 
 Libera'lia, feafts in honour of Bacchus, celebrated on 
 the i ?th of March. Slaves were then permitted to fpeak 
 with freedom, and every thing bore the appearance of inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 Liberty, an allegorical deity,' represented under the 
 figure of a woman in white robes, holding a rod in one 
 hand, and a cap in the other j fometimes a cat, or a broken 
 collar, is placed at her feet. 
 
 Libiti'na, a goddefs who prefided over funerals, and 
 in whofe temple all things neceffary for funerals were fold. 
 
 Li'bya, a daughter of Enaphus and Memphis, who be- 
 came mother of Agenor and Belus, by Neptune. Pauf. 
 A name given to Africa, one of the three divifions of the 
 ancient globe. VirgiU 
 
 N a 
 
L0P 
 
 Lichas, the boy by whom Deianira Tent the envenomed 
 ihirt to Hercules, who thereupon took him by the hair of 
 his head, and threw him into the lea, but Neptune changed 
 him into a rock. Ovid. 
 
 Li'mnades, nymphs of the lakes and ponds. 
 
 Linus, a fun of Iimenus, a Theban, who taught mufic 
 to Orpheus and Hercules : this laft being one 'Jay repri- 
 manded feverely, he muck his mafter on the head with his 
 lyre and killed him. Others fay he was killed by Apollo 
 for prefuming to compare himfelf to him. 
 
 Li'para, the Jargeft of the iEolian iflands on the coaft 
 of Sicily, where Vulcan had a forge. It was celebrated 
 tor the variety of its fruit, and its raifins are mil in general 
 repute. 
 
 Li'riope, a nymph, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, 
 and mother of NarcifTus. She was metamorphofcd into a 
 fountain, in which NarcifTus looking, fell in love with him-; 
 felf. 
 
 Lotis, or Lotos, a beautiful nymph, daughter of Nep- 
 tune. Priapus offered her violence j but fhe implored the 
 gods, who changed her into a tree called lotus. Ovid, 
 
 Lu'cifer, a fon of Jupiter and Aurora. He was placed 
 among the liars, and is the fame that appears in the morn- 
 ing before fun rife. 
 
 Luci'na, a goddefs, daughter of Jupiter and Juno, who 
 prefided over the birth of children— Juno and Diana were 
 worfhipped under this name. 
 
 Luna, one of the names of Diana. 
 
 Lupe'rcal, a place at the foot of mount Palatine, 
 confecrated bv Evander to Pan, where the Lirpercalia was 
 celebrated, that he might pieferve their flocks from wolves. 
 Firgil 
 
 Luperca'lia, a feftival obferved at Rome on the 15th 
 of February, in honour of the god Pan. It was ufual to 
 facrifice two goats and a dog, and to touch with the bloody 
 knife the foreheads of two illuftrious youths; the fkins of 
 the victims were then cut into thongs, and whips made of 
 them for the youths, with which they ran naked about the 
 ftreets, and ftruck freely all they met, particularly women, 
 who believed that their lames removed barennefs, and eaf&d 
 the pains of labour. VirgiL 
 
 . 
 
LYD 
 
 Lupe'rci, priefts of Pan, who affifted at the Luperca- 
 Ha. They were the moll ancient and refpeclable of all 
 the facerd' ral offices. 
 
 Lycje'a, a feftivai In Arcadia, In honour of Pan, the 
 god o\ fhepherds j the fame as the Lupercalia of the Ro- 
 mans — a. feftivai at x^rgos in honour pf Apollo Lycxus, 
 who delivered the Argives from wolves, Sec. 
 
 Lyc;e'us, a name of Bacchus, becaufe wine gives free- 
 dom to the mind, and deliver* i' from all cares. — A' moun- 
 tain of Arcadia, facred to Jupiter, where a temple was 
 built m honour of the god Lycaeus, It was aifo facred to 
 Pan, whole feftivai, called Lycjea, was celebrated there. 
 Virgil. Strabo. 
 
 Lyca'on', the fir ft king of Arcadia, fon of Pelafgus and 
 Melipoea, whole daughter Callifto was debauched by Ju- 
 piter. Pauf- Another king of Arcadia, celebrated for his 
 cruelties. J up ter, when he v ill ted the earth to puni(h 
 wickednefs and impiety, came, to Arcadia, where the peo- 
 ple began to pav proper adoration to him ; but Lycaon 
 Jaughed at the piety of his iuhjecls, and to try the divinity 
 of the god fervtd up human iiefh on his table; for which 
 Jupiter confirmed his palace with lightning, and turned him 
 into a wolf. OvU. 
 
 Ly'cia, a kingdom of Greece, fo called from Lycus, 
 fon of -Pandion and Pelia, who eftablimed himfelf there. 
 The inhabitants were commended by the ancients for their 
 fobriety and juftice. 
 
 Ly'cophron, a famous tragic poet of Chalcis. 
 
 Lycome'ms-, a king of the illand Scyros, father of 
 Deidamia, on whom Achilles, in woman's apparel, begat 
 Pyrrhus. 
 
 Lycus, a king of Boeotia, who married his niece An- 
 tiope, daughter of king Ny&eus ; but hearing that Jupiter 
 had lain with her, divorced her, and took Di'rceto wife, who 
 kept Antiope confined : but Jupiter releafed her, and <he 
 tied to Cytheron, where fhe was delivered of twins, Am* 
 phion and Zethas, who, when grown up, revenged their 
 mothers wrongs upon Lycus and Dirce. 
 
 Lyd-ia, a celebrated kingdom of Afia Minor, which 
 in its moft flourifhing times contained the whole country 
 between the -Halys and the Egean lea. The Lydians in- 
 N 3 
 
MiEO 
 
 vented the art of coining gold and filver, and were the firft 
 Avho exhibited public fports, &c. Herodot. 
 
 Ly'nceus, one of the fifty fons of yEg.yptns, and the 
 only one that efcaped the ma-fiacre of the Danaides : fee 
 Danaus, — An Argonaut who was faid to fee i^o mile* 
 diltance, and through trees and rocks ; he W3S killed by 
 Caftor : fee Idas, 
 
 Lyncus, a king of Scythia, who received Triptolemus, 
 the mefl'eoger of Ceres, with feigned hofpitaiity, and then 
 p»fotyed to murder him in his fieep : for which perfidy and 
 ingratitude, en his going to give the deadly blow, he was 
 turned into a lynx. Ovid. 
 
 M 
 
 MAC A/REUS, a fon of iEolus, who lay with his fifter 
 Canace, and hud a child by her The father being in* 
 for. .ltd of the inceft, ordered the child to be call to the dogs, 
 and fent his daughter a iword, with a command to ufe it as 
 ihe defcrved. Ovid. 
 
 Macedo/nia, a fertile country between Thrace, Epi- 
 BtS, Sad Greece, properly fo called. 
 
 Ma'chaon, a Ian of .ZEfculapius by Arfinoe, who was 
 a fkiltul pbyfic'an, and pr) formed great cures, healing the 
 wounded Greeks at the ftege of Troy. He received divine 
 honours after death, and had a temple in Me'fenia. 
 
 Macris, a daughter of Ariftseus, who received Bac- 
 chus in her lap when- Vulcan drew him out of the flames.; 
 by which means (he incurred the anger of Juno, which 
 obliged her to fly away. 
 
 Mjea'nder, a river in Phrygia, celebrated for its in- 
 numerable turnings and windings. Ovid. 
 
 M.ffi'NADES, a name of the prieftefles of Bacchus ; be- 
 caufe in the celebration of the feftivals their jettuies and 
 actions were thofeof mad women. Ovid.. 
 
 MiE'NALUS, a high hill in Arcadia, (acred to Pan, 
 It was covered with pines, whofe echo and (hade have been 
 greatly celebrated by all the ancient poets. Virgil. 
 
 Mj&q'hia, a country of Alia Minor, the fame as Ly 
 
MAR 
 
 dia; Qr rather that part of Lydia in the neighbourhood of 
 njount Trfiolus, and the country watered by the Ba&oius. 
 
 M^EO'nides, a tide given to Homer, becaufe according 
 to the opinion of ibme writers he was born in Maeonia, or 
 became his father's name was Mseon. 
 
 MjEo'tjs, a vait lake beyond the Euxine fea, which is 
 computed to be near 600 miles in circumference. 
 
 Ma'ia, one of the Pleiades, and daughter of Atlas by 
 PJeione. Jupiter fell in love with her, and begat Mer- 
 cury. She brought up Areas, which greatly enraged Juno, 
 who would have ieverely perfecuted her, if Jupiter had not 
 chsflied her into a (tar. 
 
 Male'a, a promontory of Greece, in the fouthem part 
 of the Morea. 
 
 Mammo'sa, a name of Ceres> becaufe me had a great 
 number of brearb, to denote her being the nurfe of all the 
 world, • v ■' . 
 
 Manes, the ghofts of the dead, fo called by the ancients. 
 They creeled altars to their honour, and offered facrifkes 
 Jo appeafe them. Some make them to be the fame as the 
 Genii, but improperly. 
 
 Ma'nia, the goddefs of mad people, who are civilly or 
 naturally deai. 
 
 Mani'lius, a Roman poet, who wrote a poetical trea- 
 tife on afttonomy, of which five books are extant, treating 
 on the fixed (tars. 
 
 Manto. a daughter of Tirefias the Theban foothfayer, 
 who, to avoid the tyranny of Creon and Thefeus, fled into 
 Ionia, and built a temple to Apollo at Claros, in return 
 for initrucling her in the art of divination. Here fhe 
 married Rhadius the fovereign of the country, by 'vhom 
 (he had a fon called Mopfus. She afterward vifited -Italy, 
 where (he married 1 iberinus the king of Alba, by whom 
 fhe had Ocnus, who built a town in the neighbourhood, 
 and called it Mantua, in honour of his mother, Manto 
 was fo (truck at the misfortunes of Thebes, her native 
 country, that (he. gave way to forrow, and was changed 
 into a fountain. Virgil. 0*vid> 
 
 Maro, the furname of Virgil. 
 
 Marpe'ssa, a very beautiful lady, wife of Idas, and 
 mother of Ckopatra, ihe wife of Meleager. Apollo falling 
 
MAT 
 
 in love with her, and taking her away, her hufband pur« 
 fued, yet could not overtake them ; but they were fepa- 
 rated by Jupiter, who permitted MarpefTa to go with that 
 of the two lovers whom (he moft approved j (he returned to 
 her hufband. 
 
 Ma'rota, a' ridiculous image, reprefenting the head 
 with a face before and behind. One of ihefe is generally 
 put in the hand of Momus. 
 
 Mars, the god of war, and fon of Juno without a fa-, 
 ther. This goddefs, being difplea fed that. Jupiter had 
 brought Minerva into the world without her participation, 
 went into the eaft for inlti uclions to do the like j where the 
 goddefs Flora ftiowed her a flower, upon which, if a wo- 
 man fat, fhe would conceive immediately. By this means 
 Juno brought Mars into the world, and (he entrutted - 
 his education to die god Priapus. Mars prefided over 
 fights and engagements, and was paifionately fond of Ve- 
 nus, with whom Vulcm furprifed him afieepj for which he 
 changed Aleclryon, his favourite, into a cock, becaufe 
 while he was centinel, he fuffered them to be furprifed* 
 Mars is generally represented fierce and four in his afpeft, 
 armed with a helmet, a fpear, and a ihield ; he tides in ^ 
 chariot drawn by two furious horfes, called Fear and Ter- 
 ror by the poets, which are driven by Bellona. Many 
 temples were built to the honour of Mars, and the wolf 
 was confecrated to him : as alfo the horfe, the pie, the 
 vulture, and the cock, 0<vid. Vlrpil. Cicero. 
 
 Ma'rsyas, a famous fatyr, who fir It fet to mnfic the 
 hymns confecrated to the gods. Cybele was in love with 
 him, and made him follow her in her voyages. He chal- 
 lenged Apollo to ring with him, en condition that he who 
 was defeated rtiould be flayed alive by the conqueror. Each 
 exerted their utmoft (kill, and the vctory was adjudged to 
 Apollo, who tied his antagonid to a tree,, and flayed him 
 alive. The death of M^rlyas was fo much lamented by 
 the Fauns, Satyrs, and Dryads, th;it from their abundant 
 tears, arofe a river in Phrygia, called by his name. Ovrd. 
 
 Matu'ta, a nuptial goddefs among the Romans, the 
 fame as Leucothea of the Greeks. She was originally Iuo, 
 who was changed into a fea deity. 
 
 
MED 
 
 Mayors, a name of Mars, by whom all great ex- 
 ploits are brought about and executed. 
 
 Mauso'lus, a king of Carin, who died 353 years be- 
 fore Chi ilb. His wife Artemrtia was fo dif con folate for his- 
 lofs, that (he drank up his afhes ; and erecled fo fuperb a 
 monument to his memory, that it was accounted one of 
 the feven wonders of the world, and was called the Mau- 
 pWeurn. 
 
 M'ecje'nas, a celebrated Roman knight, defcended 
 fi-nin the ancient Tufcan race of kings. He has rendered 
 himfelf imrnonal by his liberal patronage of learned men- 
 and of lette-s :_ he was the favourite of Auguftus, the friend 
 of Virgil, and the patron of Horace. 
 
 MEDt'A', the daughter of iEta, king of Colchi?, a 
 force: eis. She entertained Jafon and his Argonauts, and 
 falling in love with him, on promife of • marriage, taught 
 hi© how to tame the brazen footed bull, and to call the 
 dragon into a deep fleep, that he might carry off the golden 
 fleece j which being done, he fled, and took her and-her 
 ' brother along with him ; but fearing to be overtaken 
 I by her father, (he tore her brother Abfyrtes in pieces, and 
 [ Itrewed his limbs in the way to -flop thepurfuit. On their 
 arrival at lolchos, (he was married to Jafon, and at his re- 
 I queft (he relfored his father JEfon to the vigour of youth. 
 The daughters of Pelias, being defirous to fee their father 
 reftored alfo, Medea, to revenge the injuries her huiband's 
 family had fuffered from Pelias, perfuaded them to cut 
 their father in pieces, and boil him in a cauldron, to make 
 him young again, but they were deceived. Fortius aclion 
 Medea and her hufband, to avoid the refentment of the po- 
 pulace, fled to Corinth, where (he was afterward divorced 
 by Jafon that he might marry Creufa. In revenge for this 
 (he murdered the children (he had by Jafon, and fent a box 
 & to the bride as a prefent, which being opened there came 
 out a f]re which burnt her and the palace : after this, (he 
 fled to Athens on winged dragons, where (he married king 
 j*Ega3us, and had a fon by him called Medus, with whom 
 (he flew away into that part of Alia fmce called Media. 
 Ovid. Apolhd. 
 
 Medu'sa, a daughter of -Phorcus, celebrated for her 
 perfonal charms, and the beauty of her hair. She was de- 
 
MEL 
 
 flowered by Neptune, in the temple of Minerva ; in revenge 
 of which, the goddefs changed her hair into fria'fces, and (he 
 became a Gorgon that eaufed all who looked on her to be 
 converted into ft one. Per feus cut off her head, and from 
 the blood arofe the horfe Pegaius ; or as others lay, the 
 drops falling from the hc-ad, became fhakgs. 
 
 Me'ganaRA, the wife of Celeus, and mother to Trip- 
 tofemus, to whom Ceres taught agriculture. She received 
 divine honours after death. Pauf. 
 
 Megje'ra, one of the three Furies of hell, who fright- 
 ed Hercules more than the fight of Pluto had done, bee 
 
 EUMENIDES. 
 
 Mega'ra, a daughter of Creon, king of Thebes, and 
 wife of Hercules. While Hercules was gone into the in- 
 fernal regions, Lyctis, a Theban exile, offered her vio- 
 lence, and wifhed her to live with him ; but Hercules re- 
 turned very opportunely, and killed Lycus. Juno, always 
 an enemy to Hercules, thinking this execution unjuifc, in- 
 fpired him with fuch a fury, that he flew Megara and the 
 children he had by her. 
 
 Mela'mpus, the fori of Amytbaon and Idomene, a. 
 famous foothfayer and phyiician, from whom Hellebore is 
 called Melampodium. It is faid he could interpret the 
 finging of birds. He cured the daughters of Prcetus of 
 their melancholy. Virgil. Pauf. 
 
 Mela'ntho, a daughter of Proteus, who ufed to at- 
 tend her father mounted on a dolphin ; which Neptune 
 knowing, affumed that fhape, and, lying with her, begat 
 Amycus. Ovid. 
 
 Melea'ger, a celebrated hero, fon of Oenus, king 
 of Caiidonia, by Althaea, and hufband of Cleopatra, daugh- 
 ter of Idas and MarpeiTa. When he was newly born, 
 his mother heard the Fates, who fat by the fire, fay, that 
 the child mould live till the billet then on the fire was con- 
 fumed ; upon which they departed, and immediately the 
 mother extinguifhed the billet, and laid it carefully up. 
 When he was grown up, his father, in the end of the har- 
 veft, facrifking to the reft of the gods, forgot Diana, who 
 thereupon fent a prodigious wild boar to ravage his country, 
 whofe devaftations became foon a public concern. The 
 Grecian princes and chiefs, headed by young Meleager, 
 
MEN 
 
 afi'imbledto deftroy th!s terrible animal, which was hunted 
 ami attacked with uncommon fury, and at la!t killed, by 
 Mekager, who gave the Ikin and the head to Atalanta, the 
 daughter of J alius, king of Argos, who had given the 
 monfter the firit wound. The brothers of Althaea were lb 
 angry at this, that they endeavoured to take away the head 
 from the princefs 5 which Meleager oppoimg, flew them 
 in the conflict, and took the lady to wife; upon which his 
 mother, in a pafBon, burned the billet, and Meleager died 
 of a burning fever. Ovid. Jujlin. 
 
 Melice'r.ta, a fon of Athamas and Ino, who, to 
 avoid the fury of his father, was caft into the fea, and 
 changed into a fea god, called Palaemon- 
 
 Me Li's s a, tne filter of Amakhea, whom fhe afTifted fo 
 
 nourilh Jupiter with goats milk. She fir ft found out the 
 
 means of collecting honey," whence fome have imagined 
 
 | that /he was changed into a bee, as her. name is the Greek 
 
 word for that infect. 
 
 MELi'ssys, an ancient king of Crete, father to Arnal- 
 thea and"MeJifla. 
 
 Melpo'mene, one of the nine Mufes, who prefided 
 over tragedy, and all melancholy fubjects. She is repre- 
 fented under the figure of a young virgin, with a feriom 
 countenance, magnificently dreft, with buikins on her 
 &g<, a fccptre and crown, in one hand, and a poniard in 
 the other. 
 
 MfMNON, a king of Abydos, fon of Tithonus and 
 Aurora. Achilles ilew him before Troy, becauie he \v.\d 
 bi ought afiiitance to Priam j and when his body was lajj| 
 upon the pile, Apollo changed him into a bird, at the re- 
 queit of Aurora: this bird multiplied greatly, and re - 
 Med into J£ hiopia with its young ones. However, they 
 came every year to vifit Memnon's tomb, and fought till 
 fome of them were killed. The Egyptians erected a itatue 
 to his honour, and it is kid that this ftatue of Memncn, 
 when Auror.. and the firft rays of the fun began to appear, 
 yielded an harmonious found. Homer. 
 
 Mena'le, a mountain near the river Eurotas, where 
 Apollo fung, to his lyre, the metamorphofes of Daphne 
 into a bay or laurel tree. 
 
 Menau'ppb, filter of Aritiope, queen of the Ataa- 
 
MER 
 zcms, who was taken captive by Hercules, and given to 
 Theitus to wife. 
 
 Men t ali'ppus, a Theban chief, who having given 
 Ty.deus a mortal wound, the wounded man, becoming 
 mad, defntd his friends to fetch his head, which they did, 
 with the loft of many lives j which he having received, 
 tore with his teeth like a wild beaft, and then diecU 
 
 McNa'nder, a poet of Athens, who wrote comedies, 
 which were imitated by Terence. He was univerfally 
 eiteamed by tl;e Greeks, and received the appellation of 
 Prince of the New Comedy. His writings were repiete 
 with elegance, refined wit, and judicious obftrvations ; 
 but of 1 08 comedies which he wrote, nothing remains but 
 a few fragments. 
 
 Me'nelaus, fon of Atreus and Mwpt, brother to 
 A gamemnon. He was king of Sparta, and hufband to 
 Heien, who eloped, from him with Paris, which occmonerl 
 a ten years war, and the total deftru&ion of Troy. He 
 *ook h:s wife back again, and conducted her to Lacedae- 
 :;iou, where he died foon after. Homer. 0<vid. 
 
 Me'nephron, a young Thelfalian, who, having com- 
 mitted invert with his mother, Diana changed them into a 
 dog and bitch. 
 
 Menoe'ceus, a Theban, the Lift of the Cadmian race, 
 who voluntarily fact irked himfeif for the fafety of his coun- 
 iry, when the oracle had ordered the Thebans to facn'fice 
 one oi 'the defendants of 'hole who fprung from the dra- 
 gon's teeth. Statius. Eurip* 
 . Menoe'tes, one of the companions of /Eneas. Virg. \ 
 
 Menoe'tiUS, one of the Argonauts, lbn of Actor 
 and iEg.na after her amour with Jupiter. He was the fa-' 
 ther of Fatroclus, who is often called from him Menoeti- 
 aiies. 
 
 Mentor, governor of Telemachus, was the moft wife 
 and prudent man of his time. It is pretended that Miner- 
 va affmned his fliape to educate Telemachus. 
 
 Me'rcury, the fon of Jupiter and Maia. He was tl 
 god of eloquence, trade, and thieves, aixl meffenger oi 
 the gods, particularly of Jupiter. He had wings on his 
 head and his heels, to execute his orders with celerity. 
 He conduced the ghofts of the departed into the infernal 
 
MET 
 
 regions, and had a power of bringing them hack- He 
 understood mulic perfectly well, as ailb wreiiiing, danc- 
 ing, and fencing. He Hole the flecks and rhe arms or 
 Apollo, robbed Neptune of his trident, Venus of her gir- 
 die, Mars of his iword, Jupiter of his iceptre, and Vul- 
 can of many of his mechanical initruments. He played 
 upon his lute and charmed Argus sfleep, • who was keeper 
 of Io } he metamorphofed Battus into a touchftone, deli- 
 vered Mars from the piifon wherein Vulcan had inciofed 
 him, and fattened Prometheus to the top of mount Cauca- 
 sus. He was greariy beloved by Venus, by whom he had 
 Hermaphroditic. In fhert, he had ib much bufinefs on 
 Kis hands in heaven, earth, and hell, that he is faid to 
 have had no reit day nor night. His fiatues had a purle 
 in the right hand, and a caduceus in his left ; on his head a 
 winged hat, ca'led putafus j -and talaria> or winged fhocs 
 on his feet. QifigL Vir^L 
 
 M^ROPE, a daughter of Atlas and Pieione, maniedto 
 Sifyphus !on of TEoIus. She, like her filters, was changed 
 into a itsr of ihe Pleiades after death j but it is more dim 
 than the reit, becaufe (he married a mortal, while her fil- 
 ters had lome of fhegods or their defendants. 
 
 Me r ops, the hufband of Ciymene, Phaeton's mother. 
 He was changed into an eagle and placed among the con- 
 lleHations. Quid. 
 
 Mesopotamia, a country cf Alia which receives -it.-. 
 name from its fit nation between the rivers Tigris and Eu- 
 phrates. It is new called Diarbec. 
 
 Messa'pus, a Ion of Neptune, who left his country 
 Meffapia, now called Calabria, and came to It-Ay t where 
 he took part wiih Tuinus againft ^Eneas. VirgzL 
 
 Metis, one of the Oceamdes, celebrated for her pru- 
 dence and iagncity above '- he reft of the gods. She was 
 the firlf wife of Jupiter, who being afiaici that (he would 
 bring forth a child more cunning and greater than himfelf, 
 devoured her in the firft month of her pregnancy. Some- 
 time after the god had his head opened, from which iflued 
 Minerva, armed from head to foot. Heficd 
 
 Metra, the daughter of Erifichthcn, a raiftrefs of Nep- 
 tune, who gave her the power of transformrng bcrfelf into 
 any fhape ihe pleafed; inforrmch that her father, -when 
 O 
 
MXN 
 
 he wanted money, would fell her for a cow or a horft, 
 and then the would return home in her own fhape. G<vid„ 
 
 Mez''entius, a king of* the Tyrrhenians, whoafTifted 
 Turnus againlt iEneas, he was a contemner of the gods, 
 and a very cruel man, it being his cuftorn to tie the living 
 to the dead, that the ftench of one might deftroy the other. 
 He was killed by ^ne'as. Virgil. , 
 
 Midas, lbn of Gordius, and king of Phrygia. He 
 received Bacchus into his dominions in a friendly manner, 
 who, out of gratitude for his kindnefs, promifed him to 
 grant whatever he requeiied. Midas defired that whatever 
 he fhould touch might turn into gold ; but he repented 
 ibon after, for even his meat and drink changed into that j 
 metal. He befought Bacchus to take his gift back again, 
 and was lent, by his order, to wafh in the river Pa6tolus, ■ 
 whole lands were turned into gold by the touch of Midas* I J 
 Some time after Apollo fixed aifes ears on his head, becaufe I 
 he preferred the tinging of Pan and Marfyas to that of this 
 god. O-vid. 
 
 Miletus, a famous city of Caria, fix miles from the 
 •mouth of the Maeander. The wool of this country was 
 fo fine that it was in great e'teem with the Roman ladies. 
 
 MiLO, a wreftler of prodigious ftrength, who could I 
 carry a bullock upon his fhoulders, and kill him with his 
 fift. Ar la it he endeavoured to fplit an oak; but in the 
 ■attempt his hands were caught, and being wedged in the 
 trunk, he miferably peri filed. < ..II 
 
 Mima'llones, women who facrificed to Bacchus, i 
 with horns placed on their heads. 
 
 Mimas, a giant (lain by Jupiter. 
 
 Mine'us, a Theban lord, whofe three daughters, called 
 Mineides, were changed into bat?, for having defpifed 
 Bacchus, and worked on the day of his feftival. Ovid. 
 
 Mine'rva, the goddefs of wifdom, war, and all the , 
 liberal arts. She was the daughter of Jupiter, having pro- 
 ceeded from his brain armed from top to toe, after Vulcan 
 had- {truck him on the head with an ax, to bring her into 
 the world. She and Neptune difputed who mould give the 
 name to the city of Cecropia ; and it was' agreed, that who- 
 ever of the two produced the molt beneScial gift to mankind 
 m an inftant fhculd have the honour* She, with her laace, 
 
M I N 
 
 f»aue an olive fpring out -of the earth in full bloom ; and 
 Neptune, with a fkcke of his trident, brought a horit out 
 of the ground. The gods decided the ftrife in favour of 
 Minerva, becaufe an olive is the fymbol of peace j and (he 
 named the city Athens, from Athena, as (he was called by 
 the Greeks. . She invented (pinning, weaving, making 
 and colouring cloth, and building of towers, forts, and 
 (hips. She is repreiented wijh a helmet on her head, 
 holding a lance in one hand, and a ihield with the head of 
 Medufa upon it in the other ; fometimes a cock, an owl, 
 and (everal mathematical inftruments, are near her, 
 
 Minos, a king and lawgiver of Crete, fon cf Jupiter 
 and Europa, who married Ithona, by whom he had Ly- 
 cartes, father of another Minos. His juftice and modera- 
 tion procured the appellation of the favourite of the 
 gods, and the wife legislator, in every city of Greece 5 
 and he was rewarded for his equity, alter death, with the 
 office of fupreme judge in the infernal regions, where the 
 dead plead their caufes before him, and the impartial judge 
 &akes the fatal urn, which is filled with the deffinies of 
 mankind.- — Another king of Crete, grandfon of the former, 
 who married Pafiphae, the daughter of Apollo, and bad 
 many children by her. His fon, Androgens, was bafely 
 murdered by the Athenians ; for which reafon he made war 
 upon them, and forced them to give feven of their nobility 
 yearly to be devoured by the Minotaur. Daedalus built 
 bim a labyrinth, with inextricable turnings andrwindings | 
 wherein he himfelf and his fon Icarius were afterward (hut 
 tip by Minos, together with the monfrer which his wife 
 had conceived by a bull, becaufe he had afllfted her in this 
 brutal act. But Daedalus, making himfelf and his fon 
 wings, efcaped thence ; and Minos, who purmed him into 
 Sicily, was there fuffocated to death, about 35 years before 
 the Trojan war. Homer. Ovid. Virgil. 
 
 Minotaur, a monfter, half a bull and half a man, 
 who was conceived by Pafiphae, by the contrivance or 
 Dsdalus. He lived upon human nefh, and had feven 
 noble Athenians given him every year to devour for a long 
 time ; but was at length killed by Thefeus, who had been 
 taught by Ariadne, the king's daughter, to find his way 
 »v& of the labyrinth. Virgil. Ovid.' 
 Oz 
 
MOP 
 
 MiyjH A ; c: cjaughter of Cocytus, and the concubine of. 
 Pluto, : changed into a herb, bearing 
 
 that name 
 
 'Mise'kus, a iln of .^Sqlu", and trumpeter to Hector,, 
 who, after hi.s mailer's death, followed iSneas into Italy. 
 Some time after challenging Triton in his art, he was> 
 drowned by him y but his boJy -being found, was buried 
 by ^neas on a hill that bears his name. Virgil. 
 
 Mna'sylus, a young fatyr,' who joined Chronis and 
 Egle to bind old Silenus with garlands. 
 
 Mnemo'syne ? the goddefs.of meirvory, daughter of 
 Ccelus 2nd Terra, and mother of the nine Mufes, by Ju- 
 piter, who aiTumed the fhape of a (hepherd to enjoy her 
 company. 
 
 Molo'rchus, an old fhepherd of Cleonia, who having 
 entertained Hercules, he, in recompence thereof, flew the. 
 Nemaean lion, which ravaged the country. Statins. 
 
 Molo'ssus, a fon of Pyrrhus and Andromache, who 
 reigned in Epirus, and part of his dominions received the 
 name of MolofTa from him. Pauf. 
 
 Momus, the fon of Somnus and Nox, and god of plea- 
 fantiy. He was continually employed in fatyrizing the- 
 gods, and whatever they did was freely turned into rjdi-: 
 cule; for which reafon he is reprelented as taking a maik 
 off his face, and holding a puppet in his hand. Neptune 
 having made a bull, Vulcan a man, and Minerva a houfe, 
 they appointed Momns judge, which was the mod (kiliul, 
 artificer ; but he chid them all three. He found fault 
 with the horns of the bull, which he faid mould have 
 been placed between the eyes, to frrike w th greater force 
 and fure'y. In regard to the man, he would have had a 
 little window in his breaft, that his Jecret thoughts might 
 be difcovered. As to the houfe, he affirmed it was too 
 clum'y and heavy, and not fit to be tranfported to. an- 
 other pi a c j , when it was near a bad neighbour. Hefiod. 
 Lucian. 
 
 Mopsus, a celebrated prophet, fon of Apollo and 
 Man to. He was confulted by Amphimachus, king of, 
 Colophon, what iucceis would attend his arms in a war- 
 which he was going to undertake. He predicted the 
 greateft calamities, but Calchas, a Grecian foothfayeiy 
 
MUS 
 
 proosffed the greateft fucceffes. Amphimachus followed 
 the opinion of Catchas, but the prediction of Mopfus was 
 folly verified, which had fuch an eifeft on Calchas that he 
 «fied loon after. Mopfus after death was ranked among 
 the gods, and had an'oracle at Malea, celebrated for its 
 true and decisive anfwers. 
 
 Morpheus, the god of dreams, who laid all thofe 
 afleep that he tonched with a poppy plant, and then pre- 
 sented to their imaginations dreams of different kinds. He 
 is generally reprelented as a deeping child of a great ccrpu- 
 knee, asjd with wings ; holding a vafe in one hand, and 
 feme poppies in the other , 
 
 Mors,, or Death, an infernal deity, daughter of Erie- 
 bus and Nox, and the nioft implacable of them all. The 
 peets ireprcfent her as a Skeleton, clothed in a fpeckled gar- 
 ment ; awd fomt times they give her wings, and a fithe in 
 her fend. 
 
 Mu'lciber, or MttLCiPER, a name of Vulcan, from 
 Bis occupation of a fmith in loftening iron. 
 
 Mu'rcta, the goddefs of floth among the Romans, who 
 brfBs fotr a temple m the goal of the Circus. — Alfo a name 
 of Verms, whole temple on the Avemine mountain at 
 Rome was called Muicuf. 
 : Muses, the goddeffes of arts and fcienees, mufic and 
 poefry, daughters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne. Their 
 names are Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, 
 Polyhmnia, Terpfichore, Thalia, and Urania ; they are 
 reprdtrnred with Apollo at their head. The palm and the 
 the Ssarei with many fountains, fuch as Hippocrene, 
 Caitalrs, and the river ParnafTus, were facred to them. 
 Thty inhabited the mountains ParnafTus, Helicon, Pierus, 
 ab3 Pnidus. The horie Pegaius, generally grazed upon 
 thele mountains or near them. 
 
 "Mlfijiii'Tjfcj an Athenian poet, fuppofed to have been 
 fchclar of Orpheus, and to have lived 141 o years before 
 the Cnriitian era. Virgil has paid great honour to his 
 memory by placing him in Elyfium attended by a mul- 
 titude, and tinier by the head than any of his followers. 
 None of his compositions are extant ; for the elegant poem 
 of Leander and Hero, attributed to him by fbme, was 
 O3 
 
NJE V 
 
 written by another Mufeus who flourlfhed in the fourth 
 century, according to the more received opinion. 
 
 My'cen^e, a city of Argolis, in Peloponnefus, built 
 by Peifeus, ion of Danae. 
 
 My'rmisons, a people of ThelTaly, who were original- 
 ly ants, and by Jupiter turned into men at the requeft of 
 ./Eacus, when a plague had defiroyed the old inhabitants. 
 They followed Achilles to the fiege of Troy. 
 
 Myrrha, a daughter of Cinyias, king of Cyprus* 
 She committed ir.ceft with her father, by the contrivance 
 of her nutfe, who conveyed her into her father's bed inftead 
 of his wife. He coming to the knowledge of the crime, 
 would have {lain her, but me was metamorphofed into a 
 tree that produces myrrh. Adonis was the fruit of this 
 inceft. 
 
 My'^tilus, a fon of Mercury and Pbaetufa, and the 
 charioteer of Oencmaus. He took a bribe from Pelops to 
 overturn his mailer's chariot in- the race, wherein he was 
 either to gain a beautiful bride or lofe his life. Though 
 this treachery was attended with fuccefs, yet Pelops th^w 
 him into the lea for having betrayed his mailer. 
 
 My'sceiIlus, a native of Argos, who not being able 
 to unfold the lenieofthe oracle, which had ordered him 
 to build a city where he found rain and fair weather at the 
 fame time, he meeting with a beautiful courtefan ail in 
 tears in Italy, he there built the city of Crotona. 
 
 My'sia, a country of Afia the Lefs, bordering upon 
 Ti oas, not far from Hellespont. 
 
 N 
 
 NiE'NIA, a goddefs of funeral fongs, who had a chapel 
 at Rome without the Viminal gate. 
 
 ; NiE'Vius, a very ancient Roman poet, who wrote fe- 
 veral comedies, and a poetical account of the firft Punic 
 war, in which he had ferved. Some fragments ef his 
 poetry are extant. Cieefo. A famous augur in the reign 
 of Tarquin, who to convince the king and the Romans of 
 his power, as an augur cut a Hint with a razor, and 
 
NAX 
 
 turned the ridicule of the populace into admiration. Tar*- 
 quin rewarded his merit by erecting him a ftatue In the 
 Comitium ; and the razor and the flint were buried near h 
 under an altar. Dienyf. Hal. 
 
 Na'iades, nymphs of the fprings and fountains. 
 
 Na'ias, or Nais, a nymph in an ifland of the Red fea, 
 who by her incantations turned to fifties all thole who ap- 
 proached her refidence after (he had admitted them to her 
 embraces. She was herfelf changed into a fifh by Apol- 
 lo. It is faid that fhe gave the name of Naiades to the 
 ny ropbs w'h o i nhabi 1 1 he waters . 0<vid. 
 
 Napjs'/e, nymphs of the groves and vallles. 
 
 Narci'ssus, tbefon of Ceph'ifus and Liriope, He was 
 fo hamlfome that all the nymphs fell in love with him; 
 but he flighted them all; Echo, among the reft, could 
 not influence h : m to regard her, for which reafon fhe pined 
 away with grief. Tirefrtts predicted to his parents that he 
 Should never die till he faw himfelf. Returning one day 
 from the chafe, he looked into a fountain, and was fb 
 e*M^>oured with his own beauty, that he languifhed away, 
 and was meramorphofed into a flower, which bears his 
 name. Ovid. 
 
 Natj'plius, a fon of Neptune and Amymone, and 
 fc«*g of Enboea. On hearing his fon Palamedes was un- 
 juitly put to death in the Grecian camp, he meditatedYe- 
 venge, and endeavoured to debauch the wives and daugh- 
 ters of the abfent princes. Likewife, as they were return- 
 ing home, he fet up fa He lights on mount Caphareus, to 
 vfftfgufde their (hips, whereby many were loft. But when 
 'he t»ea«J that Diomedes and UlyfTes, the principal enemies 
 of his fon, had elcaped, he threw himfelf into the fta, 
 -Prefer tins. 
 
 Nau'sicae, a daughter of Alcinous^ king of the Phoe- 
 nicia n=, who happened to meet Ulyfles, after he was fbip- 
 wrecked, and conducted him to her father's court. Homer. 
 
 - Natjtes, a Trojan footh layer, who accompanied iEJ- 
 neas, and predicted that all his misfortunes fhould be 
 owing to the hatred of Juno. 
 
 " 'Naxgs, one of the Cyclad iflands, and the largeft, 
 noted for its good wines. In this ifland Bacchus found 
 
NEP 
 
 Ariadne, hafely deferted by Thefeus, and took her to 
 wife. Virgil. 
 
 Ne/e'ra, a beautiful nymph who, according to Ho- 
 mer, was mother of Phaeihufa and Lampetia by Apollo. 
 See Heliades. 
 
 Nece'ssity, an allegorical goddefs, daughter of For- 
 tune. Her power wasfuch that Jupiter "himfelf was forced 
 to obey her, and nobody, befuie her prieltefles, were al- 
 lowed to enter her temple at Corinth. 
 
 Nectar, a drink which Hebe and Ganymede preferred ._-'. 
 to the gods. 
 
 Ne'leus, a fon of Neptune and the nymph Tyro. 
 Being driven out of ThefTaly by his brother Pelias, he took 
 refuge at Lacedsmon, whe.e he married Chloris, by whom 
 he had twelve fons who were all maflacred by Hercules, 
 except Netfor, together with their father. Oqj'id. 
 
 Nl'mjea, a country of Elis, where there was a vaft fo- 
 re (t famous for the terrible lion killed by Hercules; after 
 which, he inltituted games on that occafion. The Neme- 
 an games were originally inftiruted by the ArgiWs in ho- 
 nour of Archem ;rus, and Hercules fome time after renewed 
 them. 
 
 Ne'mesis, the daughter of, Jupiter and Neceflity, or, 
 according t J others, of Oceanus. and Nox. She was the 
 goddefs of vengeance always prepared to pun im vice, and 
 at the fame time liberally to reward v'rtne. The Romans 
 facrificed to her before they declared war again!* their ene- 
 mies, to (how the world that they never took up arms un- 
 lets in a iuft cattle-; She is reprelented with wings, holding 
 a helm in one hand and a wheel in the other, to (how with 
 what celerity fhe is prepared to punifh the wicked both by 
 lea and land, bhe is fometimes called Adraftia, and 
 l^hamnnfia. 
 
 Neopto'lemus, afon of Achilles and Deidamia, more 
 ufually called Pyrrhus. 
 
 NE'PHELE, the wife of Athamas, and mother of Phry^- 
 us and Helle. She was repudiated on pretence of being {ob- 
 ject to fits of infanity, and her hufband married Ino, who 
 foon became jealous of Nephele, and refolved to deltroy her 
 children ; but me removed them from the reach of Ino, by 
 giving them a celebrated ram Iprung from the union of 
 
NES 
 
 Neptune and Theophane, on whofe back they efcnp^d to 
 Colchis. See Phryxus. Nepbele was changed into a 
 cloud, hence. feme call her. Nebula; and the fleece of the 
 ram, which faved hec children, is often called the Nephe- 
 Han fleece. Apolbd. Ovid. 
 
 Neptune, the fon of Saturn and Rhea, god of the fea, 
 and father of the fountains and rivers. When the domi- 
 nions of Saturn were divided with his brothers, Jupiter 
 and Pluto, the empire of the feas fell to him. Rhea faved 
 him from the fury of his father, as fhe had done Jupiter, 
 He was delivered to fhepherds to be educated, and when 
 be was grown up, he married Amphitrite, and had feveral 
 concubines. He was chafed from heaven with Apollo, 
 for having confptred againrl Jupiter. They went together 
 to affift Lacmedon in rebuilding, the walls of Troy, and 
 he punimed that king for refufing his falary, by caufmg a 
 great inundation of the fea, and bringing a fea-monfter 
 which ravaged the country. He difputed with Minerva 
 about giving a name to Athens, in which he- failed. He 
 ravifhed and changed Amymone into a fountain j deceived 
 Theophante under the form of a ram : and gained the con- 
 fidence of Tyro by changing himfelf into the river JE.m- 
 peus. He is reprefented on a car, in the form of a {hell, 
 drawn by fea horfes or dolphins, and with a trident in his 
 hand. 0<vid. Virgil. 
 
 Nbrei'de.s, nymphs of the fea, daughters of Nereus 
 and Doris. They were fifty in -number, and are repre- 
 fented as young and handibme virgins, fitting on dolphins, 
 and holding Neptune's trident in their, hand, or fometimes 
 jarJands of flower*, &c, 
 
 Ne'reus, a deity of the fea, fon of Octanus and Tethys, 
 who married his fifter Doris, by whom he had fifty daugh- 
 ters called Nereides. He had the gift of prophecy, and in- 
 formed thofe who confuited him with the different fates 
 fcat attended them. Hef.od. Homer. 
 
 Nsssys,. a Centaur, fon oflxion and the Cloud, He 
 «ffered his fervice to Hercules, to carry bis wife Deia- 
 »ira over the river JEvenus, but when he had her on the 
 itHer fide, he would have raviihed her, upon which Her- 
 wfes, £hot him with an arrow. NefTus, knowing the wound 
 i mortal* in revenge .gave her his fbiit ftained- with 
 
NIO 
 
 blood, her, IT her hufband, at any time fhouid 
 
 eftrange hirnielf from her, it wotUd: cegaiia hits affection. 
 Soon after, hearing he had fallen in love with Iole, fh* 
 lent him the fhirt as' he was ikrifv. • : m mount Oeta, 
 which he p; It futth a terrible pain, 
 
 that h?thl;e :il. Ov d. 
 
 Nestor, a Ton of ' Neleiu is, who was pre- 
 
 ferved ; lis father and brothers. 
 
 When he th the Centaurs, at the 
 
 wedding of Piritttous, -id he went with fifty 
 
 fhips to the Trojan war. Hi's wifdom was fuch, that 
 Agamemnon -laid- thai : '\ ten fuch generals, he 
 
 fltould foqn take Troy; and his eloquence was fo great, 
 that his words dropped v; i4iis lips like honey. He is 
 faid to have lived three ages. Homer. Horace. 
 
 Nicostra'ta,- a prophetefs of Arcadia, who went 
 into Italy with he;- fon Evander, where, from the wildnefe 
 of her looks when giving oracles, (he was called Carmen - 
 tis: fee Carmenta. 
 
 Ninus, the fon of Belus, who built a city to which he 
 gave his own name, called Nineveh in Scrip f ure, and 
 founded the Aflyrkm monarchy. He married Semiramis : 
 the wife of one of his officers, after her hufband had hang- 
 ed himfelf through fear of his power j by her he had a fon; 
 called Ninyas, and each of tlv-m fucceeded him in the 
 kingdom. He was the firft who facrificedto ffatues 5 and 
 exhibited one of his father, to which he commanded the' 
 Babylonians to pay the fame reverence that they would 
 have given to Belus alive Ninus, after death, received 
 divine honours, and became the jupiter ofthe Affyrians 1 
 and the Hercules of the Chaldeans. 
 
 Nio'be, a daughter of Tantalus king of Lydia, andH 
 wife of Amphion king of Thebes, by whom fhe had feveri \ 
 fons and as many daughters.- The number of her chil- j 
 dren fo increafed her pride, that me flighted the facrifices 
 of Latona, and let heifelf above that goddefs : which the 
 children of Latona, Apollo and Diana, refenting, he flew 
 the males, and fhe the females, except Chloris, and Niobe' ■ 
 was changed into a rock. Ovid. A daughter of Phoro- 
 neus, king of Peloponnefus, and fifter to Apis. She was 
 beloved by jupiter, by whom fhe had a fon called Argus, 
 
NYM 
 
 who gave nib name to Argolis, a country or* Peloponnefus. 
 Fauf. 
 
 Nisus,.king of Megara, who had a fatal yellow lock, 
 ■which his daughter Scylla cut off, and gave to Minos, her 
 father's enemy, with whom me was in love ; upon which 
 Nifus died with grief, and was changed into a hawk, and 
 Scylla info a lark. Ovid. A Trojan who came to Italy 
 •with ./Eneas, and iignalized himfelf by his valour agamft the * 
 Rutulians; but perished with his friend Eutyalus, in en- 
 deavouring to refcue him from the enemy's darts. Virgil. 
 
 Not 1/ s, the fouth wind, and one of the four principal, 
 called alio Aufter. 
 
 Nox, the gocfdefs of darknefs, daughter of Ccelus and 
 Terra. She married iter brother Erebus, a river of hell, 
 by whom file had many children. She is painted with 
 black robes beiet with ftars. 
 
 Ntjmi'cius, a river of Italy, where the dead body of 
 jrEneas Was found, and where Anna, the filter of Dido, 
 drowned herfelf. -Virgil. 
 
 Nycte'is, a daughter of Nyereus, who married Poly- 
 dorus ion of Cadmus, by whpm fhe had Laborious, 
 
 Nycte'lius, a name of Bacchus, becaufe hrs facri- 
 rices we.e performed in the night. 0<vid. 
 
 Nycte'us., a king of Thebes, and ion of Neptune, by 
 Celeno daughter of Atlas. He married a nymph of Crete, 
 by whom he had two daughters Nycleis and Antiope. He 
 ciied of a wound received in a war againit Epnpeus, who 
 had carried away Antiope, and left his kingdom to |ns 
 brother Lycus during the minority of his grandfun Lab- 
 daeus. 
 
 Nycti'mene, a Lefbian virgin of impure def.res, who 
 fhamefully crept into her father's bed, and was changed 
 into an owl ; which, as confcious of the deed, hates the 
 light, and is thetavcrfion of every bird. Ovid. 
 
 Nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Terra, or of Ne- 
 reus and Doris. Thofe called Nereides have their abode 
 in the lea ; the Naiades and Potamides in fountains and 
 rivers ; and the Limnades in lakes and ponds ; the Dry- 
 adesand Hamadryades dwell in foreils ; the Oreades in 
 mountains; the Naposse in groves" and vallksj and ths 
 Lemonjades in meadows and .fields. 
 
O E D . ■ 
 
 Nysa, the name of feveral cities in different parts 
 of the world, where they, rendered peculiar honours qt ; 
 Bacchus: and alio of one of the two tops of mount Far- 
 naffus, facred lo Bacchus, as Cyrrha, the other, was to 
 Apollo. 
 
 Nys^e'us, a furname of Bacchus, becaufe he was edu- 
 cated and worshipped on mount Nyia. 
 
 . Nysia'des, nymphs of Nyfa, to whofe care JupitW 
 iatrulted the education of his ion Bacchus, Ovid. 
 
 O 
 
 OA'XES, a river in the ifland of Crete, fo called from 
 Oaxus the fon of Apoi'.o. 
 
 Occa'sion, or Opportunity, an allegorical deity, 
 who piefides over the molt favourable moment in under- 
 taking any enterprife. She is painted under the figure of a 
 nwked woman, or of a young man baid behind, with one 
 foot in the air, and another on a wheel, holding a razor in 
 oiie hand, and a veil in the other. Phadrus. She is fup* 
 pofed to ftand upon a wheel which is always turning. 
 
 Ocea'nides, or Oceanitides, fea nymphs, daugh- 
 ters of Oceanus and Tethys. They were very numerous 
 a< cording to Apollodorus, who mentions the names of 
 Seven of them, Afia, Styx, Eleclra, Doris, Eurynome, 
 Amphitrite, and Metis. 
 
 Ocea'n-us, the inoit ancient god of the fea, and fon of 
 Coelus and Verla, or Terra. He mariied Tethys, by 
 whom he had the mod principal rivers, fuch as the Al*-' 
 phtus, Feneus, Stiymon, Sec. with a number of daughters- 
 who are called from him Oceanides. He is generally repre* 
 fented as an old man with a long flowing beard, lilting on 
 the waves of the fea, and holding a pike in his hand. 
 
 Ocy'fete, one of the Harpies. 
 
 Ocy'roe, a daughter of Chiron the Centaur, faid to be 
 turned into a mare, becaufe (he was deiirous to pry into 
 futurity. 
 
 Oe'djpus, a king of Thebes, and fon of Laius and 
 Jocafta. His father, being told by the oracle, that he 
 
OEN 
 
 ftiould be flam by h's Ton, gave orders to a fervant to kill 
 him : but he having fome fort of companion, hung h m 
 up by the heels to a tree, on mount Cuhsron, thai he 
 might perifb with hunger. A (bepherd paffing that way 
 took the infant and carried it to Polybiu9, king of Corinth ; 
 and Periboea the wife of Polybius, who had no ion, edu- 
 cated him as her own child. Oedipus, when grown up, 
 being told that he was an illegitimate child, went to con- 
 kiii the oracle of Delphi ; and was there toid not to retina 
 home, for if he did, he would become the murderer of his 
 f .ther, and the hufband of his mother. This aniVer ter- 
 rified him, and knowing no home but the houle of Poly- 
 bius, he reiblved not to return to Coriruh, where (uch 
 calamities appaiently attended him. Coming to Phocis, he 
 killed his father unknowingly in a quarrel ; thence going 
 to Thebes, he lolved the enigma of Sphinx, ^nd iguorantly 
 married his mother as a tewaid for that iervicr, and had 
 children by her. The gods, d'.fbJeafed at rite incek\ af- 
 fjieled the Thebans with a terrible plague, which did not 
 ceale till the man who faved Oedipus came to Thebes, and 
 diicovered his birth. On finding himfelf guilty, though 
 umietignedly, ct parricide and incelt, he, in excefs ot grief, 
 p"t out his own ey^s, banifhed himteit from Thebes, and 
 was led about by his daughter Antigone, till he uied in a 
 giove near Athens. Apollod. Euripides. 
 
 Oenl'us, king of Calydonia, and hufband of Althaea, 
 by whom he had Meleagrr and Deianira. After Alrhsea's 
 ^NflMte- married Penbeoa the daughter of Hipponous, by 
 whom he had Tvdeus. When he was faciificing to the 
 red of the deities, he neglected his duty to Dian •> who 
 thrjicopon Cent 'a wild boar to wafte and deitroy thecoun- 
 t»yr, which was hunted and killed by Meleager and his 
 comuaay. 0<vid. 
 
 » Ohno'maus, a (on of Mars by Sterop?, kingctfPfl* 
 in E'is, and father to. Hippodamia. Being told that he 
 fliould/iie by the hand. of his grandfon, he refolved never 
 to many his daughter. As he was well fkilled in races 
 be obliged ail thofe who came to afk her in marriage to 
 contend with him, on condition, if the fuitor was overcome, 
 he fhould be put to death j if he overcame, that he mould 
 marry his, daughter. .Pclops came to his court upon this 
 P 
 
. 
 
 OLY 
 
 account, and bribing Myrtilus his charioteer, one of the 
 wheels fell off, by which means he loft his life, his daugh* 
 ter,' and his kingdom. Statins, 
 
 Oeno'ne, a nymph of mount Id3, daughter of the 
 river Cebrenus in Phrygia. They fay me gave herfelf op 
 to Apolio, who, by way of reward, let her have an inlight 
 of futurity, and the art of medicine. She married Paris, 
 before he was difcovered to be the fon of Priam, and on his 
 leaving her, flie foretold to him that his voyage into Greece 
 would be the total ruin of his country, and that he fhouJd 
 have jecourfe to hpr medical knowledge at the hour of j 
 death. When Paris was wounded by Philoctetus, he or-,j 
 dered himfelf to be carried to her, but died as he came into j 
 her ptefence; and Oenone was fo fhuck at the fight, thatl 
 the bathed his body with her tears, and ftabbed heiielf to \ 
 the heart. ;| 
 
 -Oe'ta, a celebrated mountain in Theffaly, where Her- 
 cules burnt himielf. 
 
 Qqy'ges, an ancient king of Thebes, in Boeotia, and 
 defendant of "Cadmus. In his time there was a deluge 
 which overflowed Greece, being the 'firft deluge in the| 
 world, according to fabulous hiltory. 
 
 Ogy'gia, an. ifland of the Aufonian fea, afterward; 
 called Calvpfus, from Calypfo, who there entertained! 
 XflyiTes. Pluiy. _ 
 
 Oi'leus, a king of the Locrians, and father of Ajax 
 by Eriope. He was one of the Argonauts. 
 i Oly'mpia, a town of Elis in Pelopcnnefus, where Ju-I 
 pjter had a temple with a celebrated flatue fifty cubits nigh,; 
 reckoned one of the feven wonders of the world. The 
 Olmpic games were celebrated in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Oly'iMpias,' or Olympiad, the fpace of four years, ! 
 and in the fir ft month of the fifth the Olympic games were;< 
 celebrated in honour of Jupiter Olympius. The Gieeim! 
 bagan to ufe this epocha 23 5'ears before the building of si 
 Rome, for the foundations of that city were teid in thejl 
 third year, of the fixth Olympiad, according to Eutrcpius. It 
 
 Oly'mpius, a furname of Jupiter, from Olympus ic 
 where he was fuppofed to refide, or from Olympia, where N 
 he was wotfhipped. I 
 
 Gly'mpus, .a hill between.Theflaly and Macedon, Xt i 
 
ORE 
 
 \$, fo high, that the ancients fuppofed the top reached the 
 heavens ; and, from that circumftance, they have placed 
 the refiden-e of the gods there, and have made it the court 
 of Jopirer. 
 
 O'mpHale, a queen of L)dia, with whom Hercules 
 aeing in love, he changed his club and lion's (kin for a 
 rpindle and diifoff, and he uled to fpin in company with 
 ier anther maids. 
 
 Ops^a daughter of Coelus and Verb, the filler and. 
 jwife of Saturn! She was a!fo called Cybele, Rhea, and 
 'Mother of the Gods, becaufe by her the earth was' meant : 
 for all the heathen gods were born of the earth. 
 j Or a, a name given to Her/ilia, wife of Romulus, after 
 (he was made a goddefs. 
 
 ! O'racle, the place where they predicted future events, 
 under the name of fome deity. The anfwer which was 
 given was alfo called the Oracle. The molt famous were 
 thole of Delphi and Dodona. 
 
 OrcuS, the infernal regions. As alfo a name of Pluto 
 and Cerberus. 
 
 Orea'des, or Orestiades, nymphs of the moun- 
 tains : they generally attended upon Diana, and accom- 
 panied her in hunting. 
 
 Ore'stes, the fon of Agamemnon and Clytemneftra. 
 He flew his own mother and Egyfihus, her adulterer, who 
 had murdered his father. He alfo flew Pynhus, the fon 
 of Achilles, in the temple of Apollo, for marrying Ker- 
 mione, who had been betrothed to him by her grandfather. 
 Apollo fent furies to haunt him for the profanation of his 
 temple, and forced him to expiate his crimes at the altar of 
 Diana. He and Pylades are recorded for true friends, each 
 contending to die for the other. The ftory is, that he fet 
 out in company with Pylades, who would" never leave him 
 till they came to the place where Piana's altar flood, and 
 then he pre fen ted himfelf to Thoas, king of Taurica, to 
 be facrificed, affirming that he was Oreftes, and that the 
 other was an impofror. At the very moment that Oreftes 
 was going to be facrificed, his fifter Iphigenia, prieftefs of 
 Diana, knew him : upon which fhe, Oreftes, and Pylades, 
 facrificed Thoas himfelf, on account of his cruelties, and 
 Pa 
 
ORP 
 
 tarried off the flattie of Diana. Oreftes died of the bite of 
 a viper. Sophocles. Horace. Virgil. O^iid. . 
 
 Orgies, the (acred rites of Bacchus, celebrated in the 
 night with great privacy, and as great lewdnefs and dif-; 
 Older. 
 
 OrVon, a celehrated giant, Ton of Jupiter, Neptune 
 and Mercury. Thefe three gods, travelling together, lodged 
 with a peaiant called Hyreus, l>y whom thtry were well en- 
 tertained, and in return prom i fed to grant whatever he mould 
 aflc. The old man, who had lately "loft his wife, to whom 
 he had promifed never to marry. again, denied them that, 
 as he was childlefs, they would give him a ion without 
 another marriage. The gods contented, and ordered. Kim 
 to bring the hide of the ox which he had killed for them, 
 and having all three made water in it, they, ordered him to 
 bury it in the ground, and affined him, that a fbn would 
 proceed from thence in nine months j accordingly at that 
 time was produced Orion, who became a great hunter. 
 He was fo unfortunate as to challenge Diana, who mould 
 kill moll wild hearts j whereupon (lie raifed wp a fcorpion, 
 which hit and killed him. However, Jupiter metamor- 
 phofed him into a conltellation. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Ori'thya, a daughter of Eri^theus, king of Athens! 
 Boreas fell in love with her, and carried her away by force 
 into Thrace, where he had two fons by her, Zethe.s and 
 Calais, and two daughters, Cleopatra and Chione. Ovid, 
 Pauf. 
 
 O'rPHEUS, a Thracian, the fon of Apollo and Cal- 
 liope, and a great poet and muhcian. He was one in the 
 Argonautic expedition, of which he wrote a poetical hiitcjy 
 iiill extant, together with his hymns, but whethet-genuine 
 or not is much doubted. He received a lyre from Apollo, 
 or Mercury, upon which he played fo eminently that the 
 trees and rocks left their places, the rivers {topped their 
 couries, and the wild hearts flocked about him to hear the 
 found of his mufic. Eury'dice, his wife, dying by the 
 bite of a ierpent, the fame day (he was manied, as. (he 
 was flying from the porfuit of Ariftseus, he defcended into 
 the infernal regions to fetch her back ; and fo charmed 
 P^uto, Proferpine, and all the infernal deities, with muiic, 
 that they reftored her to .him, on condition that he Ihould 
 
O VI 
 
 not look behind him rill he was out of hell. But not ha- 
 ving power to command his impatience, when in fight of 
 the upper regions of the air, he turned back to fee if his 
 fcdovtd Eurydice followed him j upon which me difap- 
 peared in a moment. After this misfortune he renounced 
 the company of women, which fo much difpleafed the 
 Bacchantes, that they feH upon him and tore him to pieces. 
 0<vid. Virgil. 
 
 Orsi'lochus, a fon of Idomeneus, flain by Ulyfles in 
 the Trojan w.-n-. Hcrmer. 
 
 ' Orty'gia, an ancient name of the ifle of Delos, fo 
 called from Latona, who fled thither when changed into a 
 quail. 0*y:d. 
 
 Orus, or Light, a god worfhipped by the Egyptians, 
 fon or Oiiris and tyW. 
 
 " Osi/Ris, the ion of Jupiter by Niobe, and the fame as 
 Argus, king of the Argives who left that kingdom, and 
 went wth a colony into Egypt, where he civilized the in- 
 habitants, taught them agriculture, and'became their king. 
 He there married Ihs j and being relolved to fpread civili- 
 zation in other parts, he lfeft Egypt to the care of bis wife, 
 and pafled through moll of the kingdoms of Afia and 
 Europe s where he enlightened the minds of men by ; ntro- 
 duc'ng among them the woifhip of the gods. On his re* 
 tarn home, he was murdered by his brother Typhon ; but 
 I'iis and her ion Oms revenged his death. As O/iris had 
 particularly inltrucled his fubjeclsin cultivating the ground, 
 the prielts chofe the ox to reprcfent him, and they w'oi- 
 Ihipped it under the name of Apis and S'erapfs'. 
 
 Ossa, a high mountain in Theflaly* and one of thofe 
 the giants made uleof to climb into heaven. 
 
 Othus, a giant, fon of Neptune and Iphimedia, and 
 i brother to Ephialtes. See Aloides, 
 
 OVID, a celebrated Roman poet, born at Sulmo. He 
 
 was a very eafy writer, and his works are well knowru 
 
 I Having feme way difobliged Auguftus, he was banifhed to 
 
 iFontus, at fifty years of age \ where he died after eight 
 years and fome months, and was buried at Tomes. 
 
 PS 
 
PAL 
 
 
 PACTO'LUS, a river in Lydia, -with golden fands, 
 which appeared after king Midas had warned off his foolilh 
 wifli. The water was faid to be good for all kind of dif- 
 orda-s. Strabo. Ovid. 
 
 Pacu'vius, an ancient Latin poet, who alfo diftin- 
 guifhed himfclf by his fkill in painting. He wrote fatires 
 and tragedies, which were teprefented at Rome, the beft of 
 which was Oreftes. 
 
 Pad us, or Padusa, a river in Italy, known alio by 
 the name of Eridanus, and now called the Po. Virgil. 
 
 Pjean, a name of Apollo, and of a hymn which was 
 fung to his honour. 
 
 PiEON, a celebrated phyfician, who cured the wounds 
 ■which the gods received during the Trojan war. Virgil, 
 Ovid. 
 
 Palje'aton, a fea deity, fon of Athamas and Ino, 
 whole original name was Melicerta. The Grecians _cele- 
 brated the Ifthmian games to his honour* He was called 
 Poriumnus by the Latins. 
 
 Palame'des, a fon of Nauplius, king of Eubcea." He 
 lived in the time of the Trojan war, and is faid to have 
 invented four of the Greek letters. He difcovered the 
 madnefs of UlyfTes to be counterfeit, to prevent his being 
 forced to the Trojan war 5 for which he became his enemy, 
 and by fubordination procured his death. Homer. 
 
 Pales, the goddefs of fhepherds and of paftures, wor- 
 shipped with great folemnity at Rome. 
 
 Pali'ci, two fons of Jupiter by Thealia, who for fear 
 of Juno, deined the Earth to open and receive them ; which 
 fee did, and at the end of ten months fent them above 
 ground. They were deified by the SicUTans, who fwore 
 by Their names on all occasions. Ovid. 
 
 Pali'lia, feftivals in honour of the goddefs Pales, to 
 -whom they facrificed with milk, mulled wine, millet, and 
 other grain. 
 
PAN 
 
 Palinu'rus, the pilot of Eneas' (hip, who fell into 
 the lea in his ileep, and after lwimming three whole days, 
 came to land at Velia, where the inhabitants murdered 
 him and threw his body into the fea j but they were punifti- 
 ed with a terrible plague. Virgil. 
 
 Palla'dium, a wooden image of the goddefs Pallas,, 
 whole eyes feerr.ed to move. The Trojans affirm that 
 it fell from heaven into an uncovered temple, and they 
 were told by the oracle that Troy could not be taken while 
 that image remained there. Which , being underftood by 
 Diomedes and Ulyfles, they privately ftole into the temple, 
 furpri fed and flew the keepers, and carried the image away j 
 after which the deltruction of the city foon followed. 
 
 Pall'a'ntus, king of Tregenum, and brother to 
 ./Egeus. He had fifty fons, called from him Pallantides, 
 who were all killed by Thefeus for oppofing him when he 
 came to take poflsfiion of his father's kingdom. 
 
 Pallas, a name of Minerva, who received it either 
 from having killed the grant Pallas, or from the fpear 
 which Hie brandifttes in war.— A fon of Evander, king of 
 Italy, wi'h whom JEneas entered into alliance : he was 
 killed by Turnus after he had made a great (laughter of the 
 enemy. Virgil. A giant, fon of Crius and Terra : he 
 was kUled by Minerva, who covered herfelf with his (kin-* 
 Apollcd. A fon of Crius, who marjied the nymph Styx, 
 by whom he had Victory, Valour, and Strength. Hefiod. 
 
 Pan, a fon of Mercury, and the god of (hepherds, 
 hunters, and all other country exerciies. Happening to 
 quarrel with Cupid, and fight with him, that god out of 
 fpite made him fail in love with a coy nymph Syrinx, who 
 flying from him to the banks of Ladon, a river of Arca- 
 dia, (he was turned into a reed. Pan made a pipe of it, 
 and for his mufic was adored by the Arcadians. He ac- 
 companied Bacchus into the Indies, and was father of 
 feveral Satyrs. He was painted half man and half goat, 
 with a ruddy face, long beard, and a large pair of goats 
 horns on his head ; as alfo the feet and tail of a goat, and 
 a motley (kin, with a crooked (raff in one hand, and a pipe 
 of uneven reeds in the other. He is faid to (bike armies 
 with a panic fear, of which we have an inftance in Brennus 
 the Gaul, who being about to pillage the temple of Apollo 
 
PAN 
 
 at Delphi, Pan by night ftruck a terror into his .arrny, 
 upon- which he quitted his defign. They ufually offered to 
 him milk and honey, in wooden bowls. The Arcadians 
 in particular paid him divine honours. Onnd. VirgiL 
 
 Pa'ndarus, a native of Crete, who was acceflary to 
 the theft of Tantalus, for which Jupiter ordered the Har- 
 pies to cany him to ihe Furies. Pauf. A Trojan, v. ho-, 
 at the inftigation of Minerva, broke ' off the proofed 
 agreement between the Trojans and Greeks, by throwing 
 a dart among the Greeks : he wounded Menelaus and Dio- • 
 medes, and was at lair kilted by Diomedes. Homer. 
 
 Pa'nbion; a king of Athens, fun of Enchthon and 
 Pafithea. He died mVotrgh excels <;f grief, on the ill 
 treatment his daughter Philomela received from her brother-' 
 iri law Tereus.— -Another king of Athens, Ion of Cecrops' 
 and Metiadura. He was driven from bi-s parerna! domi- 
 nions, and fled to Pylas, king of Megara, who gavejiim s 
 his daught-r PTa in marriage, and refsgned his crown to 
 him. Ov'-d Apollod. 
 
 Pando'ra, a woman made by Vulcan, at the command 
 of Jupiter, upon whom every deity bellowed a gift ; as 
 juno, majelty ; Venus, beauty ; Pallas, wifdotn ; A- 
 pollo, mufic ; Mercury, eloquence; and {o forth. Ju- 
 piter, exafperated againft Prometheus, who had ftoleri fire 
 from heaven to animate his man of clay, fent "Pandora' to 
 the earth, with a beautiful box, which (he prelented ro 
 Prometheus. The artful mortal was lenfibleof the deceit, 
 and lint away Pandora without fuffering himfelf to be cap 
 tivated by her charms ; but his brother Epimetheus was 
 not poffefTed of the fame fdgadty,. He married Pandora, 
 and flie prefented to him the box, which he opened, and 
 there ; flued from it a multitude of evils that filled the worid 
 w'ith dreafes- arid calamities ; but Hope was found remain- 
 ing at the bottom of the box, and it is fhe a'kme that has 
 the power of rendering trouble and ibrrow lefs painful in 
 life. Hefiod. Pauf. 
 
 Pandro'sa, one of the three daughters of Cecrops^ 
 who had not the fatal curiofity to open a bsiket Minerva 
 had committed to their care ; for which fmcerity a temple 
 was railed to her, near that of Minerva, and a feflival in- 
 itlfuted to her honour, Called Pandrofia. See Aglaura* 
 
PAR 
 
 Pa'nopf; a fea nymph, daughter of Nereus and Doris, 
 whom tailors generally invoked in ftorms. Hejiod. 
 
 Panthe ; on, a celebrated temple in Rome, built to the 
 honour of all ihe gods. Pliny. 
 
 Pantho'ides, the ion of Panthous, that is, Euphor- 
 bus, flain by Menelaus. Ovid. Horace. , 
 
 pAPHOb, a city cf Cyprus, built by Agapenor. It 
 was famous for a temple of Venus, who was thence fur - 
 named Paphia. 
 
 Pap h us, the fon of Pygmalion, by a ftatue which had 
 be?n changed into a woman by Venus. Ovid. 
 
 PARCffi, or Fates, the daughters of Erebus and Nox, 
 whole names were Clotho, Lachefis, and Atropos. They 
 are fuppofed to prel.de over '.he birth and life of mankind 5 
 the hift holds the diitaff, the iecond draws the thread of hu- 
 man life, and the iait cuts it off. See Clotho, Sec. 
 
 Paris, a fbn of Priam, king of Troy, by Hecuba. 
 When his mother was with child of him, fhe dreamed (he 
 fhould bring forth a burning torch, which was interpieted 
 that he fhould caufe Toy to be burnt} upon which he 
 was expofed on mount Ida, where he was brought up by 
 a fliepherd, married the nymph Oenone, and had children 
 by her. After this he decided the controverfy, caufed by 
 Difcord, between Juno, Pallas, and Venus^ in favour of 
 the lad j upon which the two former became his enemies. . 
 He was afterward owned by his parents, and fent on an 
 embafly to Menelaus, king of Lacedaemon, where he fell 
 in love with his queen Helen, -and by hi? inrereft in Venus 
 won her heart : then taking the opportunity of her huf- 
 baiid'h abience, he carried her to Troy $ which occaiioned. 
 the war .between the Greeks and Trojans, and th<* burning. 
 of Troy, as had been foretold. Homer. 0<vid* See. 
 Genone. 
 
 Parna'ssus, a mountain of Phocis, in which, is the 
 Galtaiian ipring, and where formerly ftood the temple of 
 Apollo. It has two tops, Cytrha and Nyfa, or as others 
 fay, Helicon and Cytheon j the former one was conl/e^ 
 crated to Apollo, and the latter to Bacchus. It was the 
 feat of the Mufes. Lucan. 
 
 Par na's sides, a name of the Mufes, becaufe they 
 were faid to inhabit mount ParnalTus. 
 
PEL 
 
 Parthe'nope, one of the Syrens, whole body was call 
 on the more of Campania, where It was found by the in- 
 habitants, who built a city in the place, and called it by 
 her name. It was afterward beautified and enlarged by 
 a colony from Euboea, who called it Neapolis, which is 
 now Naples. Virgil. Strabo. 
 
 Pasi'phae, daughter of Sol, by Perfa, and wife to 
 Minos. Venus being difpleafed with Sol, becaufe he was 
 the occafion of her being iurprifed with Mars, me infpired 
 Pafiphae with love for a bull, and (he brought into the 
 world the Minotaur, half a man and half a bull, which 
 was killed by Thefeus in the famous labyrinth which Dx- 
 dalus had made for Minos. 0<vid. 
 
 Pasi'theo, a daughter of Atlas, one of the Hyades. 
 
 Patro'clus, the fon of Mencetius and Sthenela, who 
 was one of the Grecian princes at the fiege of Troy, and 
 the particular friend of Achilles. During the quarrel be- 
 tween Achilles and Agamemnon, Patroclus placed himfelf 
 at the head of his company, in the habit and armour of 
 Achilles, who had determined to fight no more. He 
 firuck a great terror among the Trojans, but was killed by 
 Hector in a fingle combat, which made Achilles refolve tp 
 refume his arms, and revenge the death of m's friend. 
 
 Peace, an allegorical deity,' daughter of Jupiter and 
 Themis. She is reprefented as attended by Plutus, god of 
 riches, with an olive branch in her hand^ and a half crown 
 of laurel on her head. 
 
 Pe'gasus, a winged horfe, which proceeded from the 
 blood of Medufa, when Perleus cut off her head. As foon 
 as he appeared he took flight, and parting over mount He- 
 Jicon he ftruck the ground wiih his foot, upon which a 
 fountain arofe called Hippocrene. He inhabited the mount 
 Parnaflus, Helicon, and Pierus, and grazed on the banks 
 of Hippocrene, Caftalio, and Permefius. Apollo and the 
 Mufes made ufe of him in travelling, and Perfeus mounted 
 him to go into Egypt, to deliver Andromeda. Bellero- 
 phon ufed him to fight Chimaera, and this fiery monfter 
 being deftroyed, Pegafus threw his rider'and continued his 
 flight up to heaven, where he was placed among the conftel- 
 lations by Jupiter. Hefwd. Homer. Q*m J. 
 
 Pe'leus, a king of Theflaly, fonof ^Eacus, and father 
 
PEN 
 
 of Achilles, by the Tea goddefs Thetis. He was the only- 
 one among mortals who married an immortal. See Acas- 
 tus and Thetis. 
 
 Pe'lias, a fon of Neptune, by Tyro, and twin brother to 
 Neleus. He was nourifhed by a mare, and became the moft 
 cruel of mankind. He did not content himielf with ufurp- 
 ing the dominions of -^Elbn j but he (hut him up, and 
 gave him no nourifhment but the blood of a bull. He fa- 
 ciificed his mother-in-law to Juno, and caufed the wife 
 and children of .rEfon to be affaffmated ; but Jafon was con- 
 cealed from his fury, and privately brought up. Jafon 
 afterward came to Pelias and demanded his dominions, 
 which he durft not refufe ; but Pelias engaged this young 
 prince to go and conquer the golden fleece, hoping he would 
 periih in the attempt. However, Jafon returned triumph- 
 antly, with his wife Medea, who, to puni/h Pelias for 
 all his crimes, perfuaded his own daughters to cut him in 
 pieces; and boil his limbs in a cauldron, making them 
 hope he would grow young again ; but the event deceived 
 their expectations. Pindar. Ovid, 
 
 Pe'lion, a celebrated mountain of Theffaly, which the 
 giants threw upon Ofla, to climb up to heaven. 
 
 Pelo'pea, the daughter of Thyeiles, who committed 
 inceil with her unknowingly. See JIEgisthus. 
 
 Peloponne'sus, a very large pemnfula of Achaia, 
 whole capital city was Argos : it has been the fcenex>f the 
 moft glorious actions in the world, and was ib. called from 
 Pelops, who fettled there. 
 
 Pelops, a celebrated prince, fon of Tantalus king of 
 Lydia. His father, having upon a time entertained the 
 gods at his palace, ferved up the members of Pelops, in- 
 licid of other provisions. Ceres, being melancholy and 
 i inattentive from the ascent lofs of her daughter, eat one of 
 his moulders : but Jupiter put all the limbs together to 
 reiuore him to life, and made him an ivory moulder, Pe- 
 lops married Hippodamia, after having overcome CEno- 
 maus, father of that princefs j and gave his name to 
 Peloponnefus, of which he became mafter. He/tod. 
 Ovid, 
 
 Pena'tes, inferior deities among the Romans, who 
 prefided oyer homes and the domeftic affairs of families. 
 
PER 
 
 They were generally placed in the innermofVand moll 
 fecret part of the houfe j from' which they afterward re r 
 ceived the name of Penetrales, and the place where they 
 flood was called Penetralia. Some confound them with the 
 Lares. 
 
 Pene'lope, the daughter of Icarus, and wife toUlyf- 
 fes, by whom (he had Teleniachus. To deliver herielf 
 from the importunity of her lovers, who (blicited her dur- 
 ing her hulhand's abience after the ftege of Troy, fhe pro- 
 mil'ed to marry h'.m who was able to (hoot in the bow 
 of Ulyfles ; but not one of them was able. They dill 
 however urged their (bit,, and (lie promifed to make choice 
 of one, after fhe had finiftied the webs (he was at work 
 upon 5 but me undid in the night what had been wove by 
 day, and amufed them with inch fort of artifices till the 
 return of her hufband, who then (lew them all. After the 
 death of Ulyfles, (he married Telegcnus, by whom (he 
 had Italus. Homer. O~o : d. Hygin. 
 
 Pene'us, a river in Theflaly. whofe banks were (haded 
 on each fide with lam el. It runs between Ofla aud Olym- 
 pus, through the plains of Temp?. 
 
 Penthesile'a, a queen of the Amatons, daughter of 
 Mars, who came to aihft Priam at the Trojan war, and 
 was (lain by Achilles. The hero was !b (buck with her 
 beauty when he dripped her ot her anus, that h< even (lied 
 tears for having (b violently lacrifked her to his- fury. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Pe'ntHEUs, a king of Thebes, in Boeotia, ion ot 
 Erhion and Agave. He was a great defpifir of the gode, 
 and inftead of going to meet Bacchus, who j>aiitd tiucugh 
 his dominions, he bttteied him io He brought bound before 
 lum. Bacchus had r'aken the fomi ot Acetus, one of hi? 
 pilot c , and when he wa& in priion he departed from thtnee 
 tirffteri. He infpired fhe royal family with fuch ni'dnrfs, 
 that they tore Pentheus to pieces on mourn Gthaenon. 
 
 Perdix, the nephew ot Dapdalus, thrown from \\\* top 
 rf a tower by his uncle, and was laid to be changed into 
 a partridge. See 7'alus. 
 
 Pe'eg amus, the citadel or fort of Troy ; but the word 
 if often taken for the whole city. Virgil. A city of Mylia, 
 capital of a celebrated kingdom---* the fame i arnc. It was 
 
PER 
 
 famous for a library of 200,000 volumes; and parchment 
 was firft invented there. /Efculapiiis was the chief deity 
 of the countiy. Pliny. Strabo. 
 
 Pergus, a lake of Sicily, near the city Enna, where 
 Pluto forcibly carried away Proferpine. Ovid. 
 
 Periboe'a, the daughter of Hipponous, and fecond 
 wife to Oeneus king of Calydon, by whom (he became 
 mother of Tydeus. Hjgin. A daughter of AlcMhous 
 king of Megarus. Her father perceiving that fhe was 
 courted by Telamon, ordered one of his guards^ to throw 
 her in*o the iea ; upon which Telamon fled. The guard 
 moved with companion, inftead of drowning, fold her. She 
 was conducted to Salamis, where fhe met with and married 
 Telamon, by whom fhe had Ajax. Some pretend fhe was 
 bought by Thefeus, who, being influenced by her tears, 
 returned her back to Telamon. Pauf. The wife of Poly- 
 bius, king of Corinth, who educates CEdipus as her own 
 child. 
 
 Peri'cly'menus, a fon of Neleus, and brother to 
 Neftor. Neptune gave him the power of transforming 
 himfelf into any fhape; and when Hercules made war 
 again ft his father, he killed hm in the (nape of a fly. 
 
 Peri'llus, an artift at Athens, who made a brazen 
 bull for Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum. Ir was fabrica- 
 ted to put criminals to death by burning them alive, and 
 that their groans ffould found like the roaiing of a bull. 
 When he had preiented it to Phalaris, the tyrant ordered 
 the inventor to be feized, and the firft experiment to be 
 made on his body. 0<vid. Horace. 
 
 Peiume'le, a daughter of rfippodames, who was 
 thrown into the .fligean fea, and changed into an ifland of 
 the fame name. Ovid. 
 
 Pe'siphas, an ancien r king of Athens. He was fo 
 beloved by the people, that they worflnpped him in the 
 ame manner as Jupiter, which irritated that ^od fo much, 
 hat he would have killed him with a thunderbok j but 
 ft.pl lo interceded for him, and he was metamorphofed in- 
 o an eagle. 
 
 PERiPHE'TUS, a giant of Rpidaurus, who affaflinated 
 »aflengers, and fed upon their fk,h. Thefeus fought and 
 illed him, and festered his bones in the fields. 
 
PH A 
 
 Perme'ssus, a river in Boeotia, whole fource is at th 
 foot of mount Hsljcon, confecrated, to the Mules a 
 Apollo. Virgil. - 
 
 Persa, oiPerseis, one of the Oceanides, mother o 
 /Etes, Circe, and Pafiphae by Apollo. Hefiod. 
 
 Perse'Polis, a royal city of Perfia, burnt by Alex- 
 ander the Great, to pleafe his courtezan Thais. Its ruin 
 itill aftonifh (he modern traveller. 
 
 Per'seus, the fon of Jupiter and Danae, daughter 
 Acriiius king of Argos, who had (hut her up in a braze; 
 lower, defigning never to marry her : iee D A N a e. Wh 
 Perfeus was grown up, he obtained <he helmet of Pluto, 
 the buckler of Mineiva, and a falchion of Mercury, with 
 wings for his feet. By the a flirt an ce of thefe he perform- 
 ed leveral glorious actions j the mort famous of which 
 were the cutting off the head of Medufa, and the deliver- 
 ing Andromeda from the fea monlter to which ihe was ex- . 
 poled, by mowing him the head of Medufa, which turned 
 him into a rock. Phineas and Polydcctes were afterward 
 turned into flone by this Gorgon's head. As Perleus was 
 returning heme, with his mother and Andromeda, he came 
 to Larifla in ThelTaly, and 3ccideiuly killed a man with 
 a quoit which he had thrown, who proved to be no other 
 than his grandfather Acrifnis. This misfortune fo de- 
 preiTed the fpirits of Perfeus, that he ferufed to reign at 
 Argos, and theiefore built a new city, which he called 
 Mycenae, and made it the capital of his dominions. After 
 death, he received divine honoirs, and was placed among 
 the conitellatious. Herodoi. dfollod. Pauf. 0<vid. 
 
 Pessinu'ntia, a name of Cyhele, from Pefllnus in 
 Phrygia, where it is laid an image of her fell fiom heaven, 
 ami a famous temple was creeled for it. 
 
 Phaedra, a daughter of Minos and Pafiphce, -who 
 married Theleus, by whom fiie had Acamas and Dema- 
 phoon. She fell in leve with Hippolytus, a prior Jon of 
 Thefeus, who rejected her with horror; on which me ac- 
 cuied him of attempts on her virtue, which proved fatal to 
 him; and being unable to furvive one "whole death her 
 wickednefs and guilt had occahoned, me confefled Jier 
 crime, and hung berfelf in defpairV Eurip.v Ovid. 
 
 Phaethu'sa, a. daughter ©f Phoebus and Ciymenf, 
 
PH A 
 
 and theeldeftof Phaeton's three fillers, who \vere.calle4 
 Heliades. 
 
 Pha'eton, a Ton of Phoebus and Clymene, of whom 
 Venus became enamoured, and .intruded h ; m with the care of 
 one of her temples. This made him vain and afpiring, and 
 when Epaphus one day quarrelled with him, he told him, 
 to check his pride, that he was not the fon of Phcebus; 
 ; upon which he complained to his mother Clymene, who 
 adviled him to go to his father to know the truth. He 
 entered the palace of the Sun, and found him htting on 
 a throne, glittering with gold and diamonds. When 
 Apollo law him, he laid afide his rays, and fwore by Styx 
 he would grant him whatever he deftred, as a proof. of his 
 paternal fqndnefs, and to convince the wc>rld of his legiti- 
 macy. The rafli youih ddned to conduct the chariot of 
 the" l'un only for a day : Apollo in vain endeavoured to 
 make him deiiit from this enterprile ; and he was obliged to 
 -trull: him with the chaiiot, after giving him all proper in- 
 ftruelions. As loon as he was above the horizon, the 
 hories, not minding the hand of this new charioteer, ran 
 away with him, and fet the world on fire. Jupiter, to pre- 
 vent a total conflagration, (truck him with a thunderbolt, 
 and caff him headlong into the river Eridanus, now called 
 Po, where his body, con fumed with the fire, was found by 
 the nymphs of the place. His fillers, and Cycnus his 
 friend, wept fo much for his lofs, that they were changed 
 into poplars, and their tears into amber, and Cycnus 
 into a lwan. He/iod. Ovid. 
 
 Pha'laris, a tyrant of Agrigentum, that made ufe 
 of the molt excruciating torments to puniih his fubjects, 
 who at length revolted and put him to death iri his own 
 brazen bull. See PERiLLUS. 
 
 Ph aon, a boatman of Mitylene in Lefoos. He received 
 a box of ointment from Venus, who had prefented herfeif 
 to him in the form of an old woman, to be carried over 
 into Afia ; and when he had rubbed himfelf with the oint- 
 ment, he became ib beautiful a youth, that many young 
 women fell in love with him, efpecially the poetefs Sappho. 
 Some fay that Phaon was beloved by Venus, who conceal- 
 ed; him for force time among lettuces. 
 
 
PHI . » V| 
 
 Phasis, a prince of Colchos, whom Thetis could not 
 prevail upon to return her affection, and therefore changed 
 him into a river. 
 
 Phila'mmon, -a cele u rated mufician, fon of Apollo by 
 Chione, and twin brother to Autolycus* 
 
 Phila'mon, a poor countryman, who entertained Jupi- 
 ter and Mercury. See Baucis. 
 
 Philocte'Tes, afonof the god Pan, and companion 
 of Hercules. When Hercules was dying, he bound him by 
 a folenm oath not to mention the place where his afhes were 
 depofiled, and at the fame time gave him his arrows, dipped 
 in the blood of the Hydra. Philocletes failed with feven 
 ihips to Aulis, the general rendezvous of the combined fleet 
 going againft Troy j bur the offensive fmell which arofe from 
 a wound in his foot, obliged the Greeks to leave him at the 
 ifland of Lemnos. Some fay this wound was caufed by the 
 bite of a ferpent, which Juno had lent to torment him, be- 
 caufe he had attended Hercules in his laft moments, and 
 buried his afhes; but others fay the Grecians obliged him 
 to difcover where the allies of Hercules lay, and that on 
 finking the pla,ce with his foot, one of the poifbned arrows 
 fell from his quiver and gave the wound. However, in 
 the tenth year of the war, the Greeks being told by the 
 oracle, that they never could take Troy without the ar- 
 rows of Hercules, Philocletes was fent for, and, on his 
 arrival at the Grecian camp, was cured by Machaon. 
 He then delhoyed Paris, and many others of the Tro- 
 jans, with the arrows of Hercules, and loon put an end 
 to the war. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Philome'la, a daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, 
 Tereus, who had married her lifter Progne, ravifhed her, 
 then cut out her tongue, and confined her, that /he might 
 not difclofe what had been done. She, however, wrought 
 the whole ftory with her needle, and fent it privately 
 to her filter ; who receiving it, fetched her fifter out of 
 prifon, killed her own fon Itys, and ferved him up to her 
 hufband at fupper, who in a rage would have killed them 
 both i but they fled, and he purfuing, Progne was turned 
 into a fwallow, Philomela into a nightingale, and Tereus 
 into a hoopoe ; and the gods out of pity changed Itys into 
 a partridge. Ovid* VirgiL 
 
PHO 
 
 Phi'lyra, a daughter of Oceanus, and the mother of 
 Chiron the Centaur, begot by Saturn in the fhape of a 
 horfe, he having aflumed that form to efcape the vigilance 
 of Rhea. Philyra was fo much concerned at being the 
 mother of a monfter, that me intreated the gods to change 
 her nature, and fhe was metamorphofed into a lime-tree. 
 Virgil O-Jd. 
 
 Phi'neus, king of Pnphlagonia, fon of Agendr, and 
 huuband to Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas, by whom he 
 had two Ions. Having divorced her, he married another 
 wife, with whom his two former fons were accufed of hav- 
 ing committed incelt, and were condemned to die. But 
 Boreas revenged the innocence of his grandons, by putting 
 ou the eyes ot Phineus, who however obtained the gift of 
 foietelling things to come. He received Oenus into his 
 dominions, am*, juno, by the aihftance of Neptune, fent 
 the Harpies, which with their filth fpoiled all the victuals 
 upon the table, and continued doing io till Zethes and 
 Calais came and drove away thefe monfters. Virgil. A 
 king of Thrace, whom Perfeus changed into a ftone, with 
 all his companions, by mowing them Medu la's head, be- 
 caufe he forcibly attempted to carry away Andromeda, 
 when married to Perfeus. Ovid. 
 
 Phle'gethon, a river of hell, which is faid to flow 
 with dreams of fire. _ 
 
 Phlegon, one of the four horfes of the Sun. 
 
 Phle'gyas, a fon of Mars, king of the Lapithae, and 
 father of Ixion and Coronis. His daughter being raviftied 
 by Apollo, Phlegyas fet his temple at Delphi on fire ; upon 
 which he was killed with an arrow, and thrown into heli^ 
 where a huge ftone hangs over his head, and keeps him in 
 continual alarm, by its appearance of falling every mo- 
 ment. Virgil. 
 
 Phocis, a fmall country of Greece, famous for con- 
 taining the city of Delphi, and mount Parmflus. 
 
 Phqcus, a fon of JE&cxxs and Ffamathe, killed by. his 
 brother relamon. 0<vid. 
 
 Phoebe, the filler and wife of Ceus, and mother t)f 
 Atteria and Latona.— ^A name of Diana or the moon. 
 
 Phoebus, a name of Apollo or the Sun. 
 
PHR 
 
 Phoeni'ce, or Phoenicia, a country of Afna, noted j 
 for its palm-trees. 
 
 Phoenix, a fori of Ageoor, and brother to Cadmus— 
 A fori of Amyntor, and preceptor to Achilles. 
 
 Pho lus, a fon of Ixion and a cloud, one of theprinci- 1 
 pal Centaurs, and a friend of Hercules. He by accident 
 mortally wounded himfelf with one of the arrows of Hercu- 
 les, who buried him in a mountain of Arcadia, and called' 
 itPboloe. Virgil. Pauf. 
 
 Phorbas, the eldeft fon of king Priam, killed in the 
 Trojan war by Menelaus— A Theffalian, fon of Lapitha, 
 and a great robber : he challenged the gods to fight, and 
 was (lain by Apollo. 
 
 Phorcus, or PHORCY&, a fea deity, fon of Pontus ' 
 and Teihys. He h.ad by his filter Ceto, the Gorgons, the 
 dragon tftat kept the apples of the Hefperides, and other 
 mon Iters. 
 
 Phoro'jsteus, a fon of Inachus, brother to lo, sjpd 
 king of Peloponnefus. He married the nymph Laodiee, 
 by whom he had Apis, and Niobe, the fir ft woman of 
 v/hom Jupiter became enamoured. He received divine ho- 
 nours after death, and was the deity of a river of the fame 
 name. Pauf. 
 
 Phoro'nis, a aarne of Jo, a$ fjfter tq Phoroneus. 
 Ozid. 
 
 Pho'sphorus, the morning fiar, and the fame as 
 Lucifer. Martial. 
 
 Phry'gia, a country of LefTer Afia, of which Cybele 
 was the chief-deity. 
 
 Phryxus, the fon of Athamas, and brother to Helle. 
 While he <<vas with his filter at the houfe of Creteus, their 
 uncle, king of Iolchos, Demodicea, a wife of Creteus, 
 folicited the love of Phryxus, but being refufed, fhe accu- 
 fed him of attempting to ravifh her. When a plague was l. . 
 lying walte the country, the oracle being confuhed, told 
 them that the way to appeafe the gods was by offering the 
 laft two perfons of the royal family, which were Phryxus 
 and Helle j whereupon they were condemned to be facri- . 
 fked, and the fame moment that they were going to put 
 the fentence in execution, they were iurroundtd by a 
 cloudj out of which came a ram, which earned them •; 
 
PIE 
 faotii into the air, and took them away to Colchis. As 
 they rroffed the fea, Helle, terrified with the noife of the 
 waves, fell -down and was drowned, in the place fvnce cal- 
 led the Hellespont. Phryxus, arriving at Colchis, Sacri- 
 ficed the ram to Jupiter, and took off the fleece, which was 
 of gold, hanging it upon a tree in a foreft confecrated to 
 'Mars, and appointed a dragon for a guard, who devour- 
 ed all thole who attempted to carry it away. Mars was 
 fo pleaicd with his offering, that he decreed that thofe 
 who poffeffed this fleece fhould live in affluence fo long, 
 as they preferved it, and neycrthelefs it was permitted 
 any peribn to attempt to carry it off. This is the famous 
 golden fleece which was obtained by Jafon and the Argo- 
 nauts, with the affiftartce of Medea. It is laid that this 
 ram became the firft conftellation of the zodiac. 0<vid, 
 Virgil. SeeiEETA. 
 
 Phyllis, a daughter of Lycurgus, king of THrace. 
 Demophoon, fon of Thefeus, having promifed to marry 
 her at his return to Crete, (he was fo uneafy at his delay, 
 that fhe hanged herfclf, and was changed into an almond- 
 tree. Onjid. 
 
 Picu'mnus and PiLu'mnus, two deities at Rome, 
 who prelided over the aufpices, that were required before 
 ( the celebration of nuptials. The former found out the 
 art of manuring land, and the fecond of reducing corn in- 
 to flour. Virgil. 
 
 Picus, a fon of Saturn, and grandfather of Latinus, a 
 king of Italy. He was changed into a. woodpecker by 
 the charms of Circe. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Pie'rides, a name of the Mufes, from the mountain 
 Pierus.— The nine daughters of Pierbs, metamcrphofed 
 into magpies, for vying with the Mufes. 
 
 Pie'rus, a mountain of Theffaly, confecrated to the 
 Mufes, who were from thence called Pierides.— A rich 
 roan of Theffaly, whofe nine daughters, called Pierides, 
 contended with the Mufes. 
 
 PjETl", a virtue that denotes veneration for the deity, 
 and love and tendernefs to our friends. She had a temple 
 'reeled to her at Rome, on the fpot where a woman lived, 
 Map had fed her mother with the milk of her breafts, 
 wvhen imprifoned and deprived of aliment. Plbjy. 
 
PIT 
 
 Pilu'mnus, the god of millers and bakers at Rome: 
 fee Picumnus. 
 
 Pimpl a, a mountain of Macedonia, frcred to the Mufes, 
 who on that account are lometimes called Pimpleoe and 
 Pimpleades. Horace. Strtzbo. 
 
 Pi'ndar, a Greek poet of a fublime genius, who wrote 
 excellent odes, which none have been able to imtate pro-*- 
 perly. He is deemed the prince of lyric poets; and his. 
 flaue was erecled at Thebes in the place where the public 
 games were exhibited. 
 
 Pindus, a mountain of ThefTaly. confecrated to the 
 Mules and to Apollo. 
 
 Pire'ne, a fountain in Acrocorinthus, fscred to the 
 Mufes, and where the horfe, Pegaius was then chinking 
 fome of its water, when Beilerophon took it to go and 
 conquei the Chimaera. 
 
 Piri'thous, a lbn of Ixion and Dia, and king of the 
 Lapithae. He \*as an ambitious prince, and having heard 
 a great many wonders concerning Theleus, he drove away 
 part of his flock, to oblige h m to puriue him, which 
 Thefeus did. They met, bur did not come to blows, for 
 they conceived fuch an eiteem for each oiher, that 
 they fwore never to part. Thefeus aflifted Pirithous ■ 
 agamtt the Centaurs, who were go hrig to carry off Hippo- 
 tlamia j and Piiithon> a/Tifted The!* us in the rape of Helenw 
 He went down in the infernal regions to bring away Pro- 
 ferpine, but was devoured by the dog Cerberus ; and The- 
 feus, who accompanied him, was put in chains by order of 
 Pluto, till Hercules came to deliver him. Ovid. Horace. 
 Claudian. 
 
 Pisa, a diftiicl; of Elis, in Peloponnefus, where the 
 city Olympia was feared, as well as the river Alpheus, 
 two places famous for the celeb; ation of the O'ympic games, 
 and for the temple of Jupiter Olympus. Virgil. 
 
 Pistor, a Jlirname of Jupiter, becaufe he put it into 
 the mmds of the Romans, when they were near furrender- 
 ing the city through famine, to bake loaves and throw 
 them imo the Gauls tents ; by which the enemy were de- I 
 ceived, and they raifed the fiege. 0<vid. 
 
 Pithecu'sa, an iiland in the Tyrrhene fea, Its in- 
 
POD 
 
 habitants were changed into monkeys by Jupiter, whence 
 fome fuppcfe it received its name. Ovid. 
 
 Pit HO, the goddefs of eloquence and perfuafion, fup- 
 pofed to be the daughter of Mercury and Venus. She was> 
 reprefented with a diadem on her head, one of her arms 
 railed in the attitude of an orator, holding with the other 
 a thunderbolt and fetters, made of flowers, and a cadu- 
 ceus laying at her feet. 
 
 Pitthe'us, a king of Troezene in Argolis, faid to be 
 the wifelt of mankind. He was fon of Pelops and Hippo- 
 damia, father to JEthva. the wife of iEgeus, and grand- 
 father to Thefeus, whom he particularly took care of in 
 his youth and education. Pauf, Plutarch. 
 
 Ple'iahes, the feven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, 
 who were metamoi phofed into itars, that form a conltella- 
 tion of this name : fee Atlantides. 
 
 Ple'ione, the daughter' of Oceanus and Tethys, the 
 wife of Atlas, and mother of the Pleiades. Ovid. , 
 . Ple'xatis, a daughter of Atlas, one of the Hyades. 
 
 Pluto, the god of hell, fon of Saturn and Rhea, and 
 brother to Jupiter and Neptune. When Jupiter had de- 
 throned Satuin, he gave hell to Pluto for nis mare of his 
 father's dominions. This god was fo black and ugly, 
 and the place of his refidence fo obfeure and gloomy, that 
 all the goddefles refufed to marry him j upon which he de- 
 termined to obtain by force what was denied to his folici- 
 tations. On vihting Sicily, after a violent earthquake, 
 he law Proferpine, the daughter of Ceies, gathering flowers 
 in the plain of Enna $ he immediately carried her away 
 upon his chariot, and flie became the wife of her raviflier, 
 and the queen of hell. He is painted on a chariot, drawn 
 by four black horfes, with keys or a rod in his hand ; and 
 fometimes he wears a helmet, which makes him invifible. 
 Plato. Ovid. 
 
 Plutus, the god of riches, fervant of Pluto, and fon 
 of Ceres by jafion. The ancients reprefented him as blind', 
 becaufe he d'ftributed riches indifcriminately • and he was 
 laid to walk lame when he vifited mankind, but when he 
 left them he took wings and flew away. 
 
 Po, a river of Italy, otherwife called Eridanus.^ . 
 
 Podali'rius, a fon of iEfculapius, who with his 
 
• 
 
 POL 
 
 brother Machaon, both fkilful phyfjcians, werit with thir 
 ty mips to Troy. On returning from the Trojan war, 
 Podalirius was flhi.p wrecked on the coafl of Caria, wherg 
 he cured of the falling ficknefs a daughter of the king of the 
 place. He fixed his habitation there, and after death the' 
 Carians built him a temple, and paid h'rm divine honours. 
 Pauf. Ovid. 
 
 Poeni, a people of Africa near Carthage. Virgil. 
 Pollux, the fon of Jupiter and Leda, and twin-brother 
 to Caftor. He was famous fW boxing, and his brother 
 for horlemanfhip. See Caftor. 
 
 Po'lybius, or Polyeus, a king of Corinth, fon of 
 Mercury by Chthonophyle. He permitted his wife Peri- 
 boea, who had no children, to adopt and educate as her fon, 
 CEdipns, who had been found by his mepherds expokd in 
 the woods. 
 
 Polyda'mas, a fon of Panthous, and fon -in -law of 
 Priam. He was inferior to none of the Trojans, except 
 Hector, who fought againft the Greeks j he was at laft 
 killed by Ajax. Ovid. Homer. 
 
 Polyde'ctes, a king of the ifland Serephus, 'who 
 educated Perfeus, and, under the pretence of giving him 
 an opportunity to feek honour, fent hirh againft the Gor- 
 gons, that he might with more freedom enjoy the company 
 of his mother Danae, whom he loved. Some time after he 
 paid his addreiTes to Danae, which being rejected, he pre- 
 pared to offer her violence j but at the critical moment, 
 Perfeus returned, arid with Medufa's head he changed Po- 
 ]yde6ks into ftone. Ovid. 
 
 Polydo'rus, a fon of Cadmus and Hermione, who 
 married Nycleis, by whom he had Labdacus, the father of 
 Laius - , Apollod. A fon of Priam and Hecuba, lent by 
 his father, accompanied with great treafures, to the care of 
 Polyirmeftor, king of Thrace, who maffacred him sfter 
 the fiege of Troy, for the fake of his riches. Virgil. 
 
 PoLYfiYMNiA, one of the nine Mules, who prefiderl 
 over Rhetoric. She is reprefented in white robes, with a 
 crown of pearls on her head, and a fceptre on her left 
 hand, the right being ftretched out as if me was going to 
 Jiarangue. 
 PoxyMNE'sTpR, a king : of Thrace, who married 
 
POL 
 
 | Ilione, the deleft of Priam's daughters. He was a very 
 covetous and cruel prince, and Hecuba put out his eyes 
 for having killed her Ton Polydcrus. 
 
 Polyni'ces, the younger fbn of CEdipus, king of 
 Thebes, by Jocaita. His brother EteocJes having banifb- 
 ed him from Thebes, he fled to A.rgos, where king Adraf- 
 tus efpouied his caufe in a war againft the Thebans, in 
 whichthe two brothers flew each other : fee Etkocles. 
 - Polyphe'mus, a fon of Neptune, and a Cyclop of an 
 enormous hze, who lived upon human flefh. UJyfles being 
 ill ip wrecked on the ifland of the Cyclops, Polyphemus 
 ihut him and twelve, of his companions, with his own 
 flocks, in a cave, intending to devour them ; but Ulyflcs 
 made him drink ib much while he was telling the ffory of 
 the fiege of Troy, that he was quite intoxicated ; then, with 
 the afMance of his companions, he put out his eye with a 
 firebrand while he was afleep. Polyphemus being waken- 
 ed by the ludden pain, took a Itone, which one hundred 
 
 ■•men could not ftir, and Hopped up the mouth of the cave 
 therewith, in fuch a manner, that the fheep could not go 
 out but between his legs; which UlylTes perceiving, he 
 ordered his companions to faften themielves to the Iheep, 
 belly to belly, by which means they eicaped when he turn- 
 ed the fheep out to graze. Afterward, when he under - 
 fiood that Ulyfles and his companions had eicaped, he pur- 
 fued them, and threw an enormous rock after them ; but 
 they avoided the blow, and embarked in the remainder of 
 their vetlels, having loft three or four of their companions 
 whom the giant had eaten. Polyphemus was in love with 
 Galaisea, and crufhed Acis to death with a rock, becaufe 
 he was preferred by that nymph. Homer. O-oid. 
 
 Poly'xena, a daughter of Priam, celebrated for her 
 beauty and accompliihments. She was betrothed to A- 
 chilles, who, coming into the temple of Apollo to per- 
 form the nuptial rites, was there treacherously flain by- 
 Paris. After the facking of Troy, the ghoft of Achilles 
 appeared and demanded his fpoufe, upon which fhe was 
 facrificed at his tbmbc Ovid. 
 
 Poly/xo, a prieltcfs of Apollo in Lemnos, "who ad- 
 vifed the Lemnian women to kill all the men, becaufe they 
 had brought wives out of Thrace j which advice was cruelly 
 
PR I 
 
 put m execution, only Hvpfipyle fpared her father Thoa*» 
 Statins, A native of Argos, who married Tlepolemus, 
 fbn of Hercules. She followed him to Rhodes, and when 
 he went to the Trojan war, where he pet ifhed, fhe became 
 fole miftrefs of the kingdom. Helen, after the death of 
 Menelaus, fled to Polyxo, who to punifh her for being 
 the caufe of to defhuclive a war, ordered Helen to be hang- 
 ed on a tree by her female fervants, difguifed in the habit 
 of Furies. Pauf. 
 
 Pomo'na, the goddefs of gardens and fruit-trees, 
 whom Vertumnus fell in love wirh and married. 
 
 Pontus, an ancient deity, father of Phorcys, Thatimas, 
 and Nereus, by Tethys : he is the fame as Oceanns. A- 
 fullod. A country of the Leffer Afia, on the borders of 
 the Euxine Tea. 
 
 Porfhy'rion, one of the giants who made waragainft 
 the gods. Horace. 
 
 Portu'mnus, a fea deity. See Pal^EMON. 
 
 Pota'mides, nymphs of the rivers. 
 
 Priam, the lalt king of Troy, and fon of Laomedon. 
 He was canied pnioner into Greece, when Hercules had 
 conquered Vroy $ but afterward ranfomed by his fitter 
 Hdione, and he then rebuilt the walls of that city. He 
 married Hecuba, by whom he had many children^ and 
 he brought his kingdom into a very flourifhing condition. 
 Paris, one of his children, having carried off Helen, the 
 G reeks lacked Troy, after a ten years fiege; Pyrrhus 
 (lew Priam at the foot of an altar which he had laid hold of. 
 This unhappy father, with ail hisfamdy, came to deftruc- 
 tio>, for r,ot following g< od advice. Homer. V:rgrl, 
 
 Pria'pus, god of the gardens, and ion of Bacchus 
 and Venus. He ame into the world very deformed in all 
 his iimbc, particularly the genitals, by means of Juno, 
 out of jevenge to V nus whom fhe mortally hated. The 
 hufbands of Xampfdcus, not life ing his conouft with re- 
 gard to their wives, drove him away 9 and he," to be re- 
 venged, rendered them mad and extravagant in their plea- 
 fines j upon wh'ch he was recaHed, and temples erected 
 to his honour. He is always painted ohfeene, wi f h a 
 rough beard and uncombed hair, holding a fickle in one 
 hacd, and a ftick, qs club in the other; he is crowned- 
 
PRO 
 
 with the leaves of the vine, and fometimes with laurel, ©l 
 rocket. Horace. Ovid. Virgil 
 
 Procris, daughter of Erichtheos, king of Athens, 
 married to Cephalus, who kiiied htr in mistake. See 
 CfcPHALUS. 
 
 Proe'tides, the daughters of Prcetus, who went mad, 
 and imagined themi'elves to be cows.' See Iphianassa. 
 
 Proe'tus, ion of Abas, king of Argos. He com- 
 manded Bellerophon to fight Chmaera, becaufe his wife 
 Sthenohcea had accufed this young prince of attempting 
 her honour. He was almoft always at war with his twin 
 brother Acriftus, and was at length turned into a Rone by 
 the Gorgon's head. 0<vid. 
 
 Progne, a daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, and 
 the wife cf Tereus, king of Thrace, by whom fhe had a 
 ibn called Irys. See Philomela. 
 
 Prome'theus, a (on of japetus, one of the Titans, 
 by Clynitne. He furpaffed all mankind in cunning and 
 fraud, lidicuied the geds, and deceived Jupiter himfelf. 
 He made the firtt-man and woman upon the earth, with 
 clay \ and by the help of Pallas attended the heavens, where 
 he liole fire from the chariot cf the fun, to give them life. 
 Jupiter, greatiy difpleafed at the theft, commanded Vulcan 
 to make a woman- of clay, and atter he had given her life, 
 fent her to Prometheus, with a box of rich and valuable 
 preients. Prometheus, who lufpecled Jupiter, took no 
 notice of the beautiful Pandora or her box, but fent htr 
 to his brother Epimetheus, who incautiously married her ; 
 and the god, now more irritated, ordered Vulcan to chain 
 hun oji the top of mount Cavcafa*, where a vulture 
 devoured his liver as iarr. as it grew; which punishment 
 contioued till Hercules fet him free. Hefwd. Ond. Pauf. 
 
 Propce'tidE5, women of Amatbus, who having 
 defpifed Venus, /he made them become common proflilutes, 
 and at length turned them into ftone.- 0<vid, 
 
 Pro's er pike, a daughter of Jupiter and Ceres, who 
 was ftolen by Pluto out or Sicily, and carried to his fub- 
 terranean dominions, Her mother, miffing her lighted a 
 fire on the top of* mount JEtna, which has burnt ever- 
 fince, in ordtr to difcover her. At length hearing from; 
 Aiethuia where we vsas, fh? petitioned- Jupiter- for her 
 R 
 
PYG 
 
 return; which was agieed to, provided flie had taf 
 nothing there j but Afcalaphus faying he had Teen her 
 part of a pomegranate, her return was prevented. Jupiter, 
 to appeafe the refentrnent of Ceres, and footh her grief 
 permitted that Proferpine fhould remain fix months witl 
 Pluto in the infernal regions, and that ihe mould- fpend 
 retl of the year with her mother on earth. Proferpine as 
 queen of hell, and wife of Pluto, prefided over the death 
 of mankind, and was univerfaily worshipped by the an- 
 cients. Pauf. 0<vid. Virgil. 
 
 Protesila'us, fon of Ipbicles, king of part of Epi- 
 rus. He married Laodamia, by whom he was fo paffionately 
 loved, that after bis death flie made his (ratue in wax, which 
 flie laid by her fide every night. He was (lain at the liege 
 of Troy, as was foretold by the oracle, being the firft who 
 let foot on the Trojan more. Ovid. 
 
 Pro'teus, a fon of Oceanus and Tethys, or, accord- 
 ing to others, of Neptune and Phoenice. He was one of 
 tht gods of the fea, could foretel future events, and change 
 hmlelf into any Shape. Virgil. Ovid.' 
 
 Protoge'nia, a daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha, 
 beloved by Jupiter, by whom flie had JEthlius, the father 
 ofEndymion. ApHhd. 
 
 Prudence, an allegorical deity, reprefented with a 
 mirror in her hand, encircled with a ferpent. 
 
 Psyche, a nymph whom Cupid married and transported 
 into a kind of paradife, where fhe lived with him a long 
 time without knowing him. At length he toid her who 
 he was, and then difappeared. Venus, difpieafed at her 
 being great with her ion, perfecuted her fo much, that at 
 length fhe died ; but Jupiter brought her back to life, and 
 m;-»de her immortal, out of regard to Cupid. The ancients 
 looked upon her as the goddefs of pleafure, and (he is ge- 
 nerally reprefented with the wings of a butterfly. 
 
 Pudici'tia, or Chastity, had a temple at Rome, 
 erecled by Virginia. She is reprefented under the figure of 
 a woman veiled, pointing to her face, to imply that flie had 
 no reafon to be a/hamed. 
 
 Pygma'lion, fon of Belus, and king of Tyre, who 
 out of covetoufnefs murdered Sichasus, his filter Dido's 
 hufband, to pofTefs his riches j which flie discovering, mac 
 
PYR 
 
 reprifals, and fled with her treafure to Africa, where fte 
 fyuilt the city of Carthage, Virgil. A celebrated flatuary 
 of the ifland of Cyprus, who fell in love with a beautiful 
 ftatue of his own making, and petitioned Venus to animate 
 it, which fhe did, and he had Paphus by her. 0*vid. 
 
 Pygmies, a -people of Thrace, who were' but three 
 I inches high, and Jived eight years. Their wives brought 
 forth three children at a time, and hid them in holes for 
 : fear that the cranes, with which they were always at war, 
 jlhould carry them away. They were fo daring as to attack 
 {Hercules, after he had killed their king Antaeus, Ov.e 
 day, finding him afleep in the highway, they came cut 'of 
 their holes, and covered his body air over like fo many 
 ants, till at length he awoke, enclofed them in his lion's 
 flcm, and carried (hem to Euryilheus. 
 
 Py'l-ad£S, a fon of Strophiiss, king of Phocis, by one 
 of the filters of Agamemnon. He was the faithful friend 
 Qf fehj coufin Oreftes, whom he never deferted >n his. mis- 
 fortunes, 
 
 Pylos, the name of three cities in Peloponnefus, 
 
 Pyra'cmon, one of the Cyclops, who forged the 
 thunderbolts of Jupiter. 
 
 Py'ramus, a youth of Babylon, in love with Thifbe. 
 Thefe lovers, whom their parents fcrbad to many, received 
 each* other's addrefies through the chink of a wall, which 
 feparated their houfes ; and after many vows of fincerity, 
 fhey agreed to meet each other under a mulberry-tree, 
 which flood clofe to a fountain. Thifbe arrived firft at the 
 place ; and fuddenly, a lionefs came frefh from the Daugh- 
 ter of fome cattle, to drink at the fountain j this ib. fright- 
 ened her, that as fhe fled into a neighbouring cave fhe 
 dropped her veil, which the lionefs found and befmeared 
 with blood. Pyramus coming foon after, and finding her 
 veil bLody, imagined Are was torn in pieces by a wild 
 6eaft, and therefore Hew himfelf. She, when her fears 
 were vanifhed, returned fo the tree, and, finding him dead, 
 flew faerfelf with the fame Avoid. The berries of the tree 
 under which this tragedy was acted, which were then 
 white, firft became red, and afterward black. Z)--vi'd.: 
 
 Pyren/e'us, a king of Thrace, who, during^ fhower 
 pf rain, gave fhelter in his houfe to the Mules, and stt'» 
 
PYT 
 
 tempted .to ofter them violence ; but the goddefTcs took t# 
 their wings and flew away. Pyrenaeus, with a defign tc 
 follow them, mounted a high tower, and threw himfelf 
 into the air, with a deiign to fly, but he fell down and was 
 killed. Ovid. 
 
 Pyre'ne, a daughter of BehvycJus, king of the fouthern 
 parts of Spain. She was ravifhed by Heicules, before he 
 went ro attack Geryon, and brought forth a ferpent, which 
 fo terrified her, that ihe fled into the mountain?, lince called 
 Pyrenees, and was there deftroyed by wild beafts. 
 
 Pyiirha, the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, 
 who iTi;nried Deucalion, the fon of Prometheus. See 
 
 Di-TJCALION. 
 
 Pyrrhus, a fon of Achilles and, Deidamia. This 
 prince was diilinguiQ.ed at the fiege of Troy for his 
 cruelty. He facrihxed Polyxena on the tomb of Achilles, 
 maffacred Priam at the foot of an altar, threw Afiyanax 
 from ihe top of a tower, and carried away Andromache 
 into Epirus, where he had children by her. Kermione, 
 his wife, exceedingly jealous of Andromache, communi- 
 cated her uneafinefs to Oreftes, who flew . Pynhus in a 
 temple, while they were performing certain ceremonies. 
 Euryphies. Ovid. 
 
 Py'thia, the prieftefs of Apollo, who uttered his ora- 
 cles at Delphi. She fat upon a tripod coveted with the 
 fkin of the ierpent Python. When me was about to foretel 
 things to come, Hie entered into a fort of fuiy, with fright- 
 ful agitations, and, when fhe had a mind, called up the 
 manes of the dead. — Games celebrated in honour of Apollo, 
 near the temple at Delphi. . 
 
 Py'thius, a iurname of Apollo, not only from the 
 ferpent Python, which he killed, but aJfo from his being 
 confuted more than any other god. 
 
 Py'tho, the ancient name of Delphi, fo called becaufe 
 the ferpent which Apollo killed rotted there.-- A daughter 
 of Atlas, one of the Hyades. 
 
 Python, a ferpent of a prodigious fize, engendered by 
 the mud., after the deluge of Deucalion. It was lent by 
 Juno againft Larona, one of the concubines of Jupiter. 
 Latcna, to lhun the ferpent, threw herfelf into the fea, 
 and Neptune caufed the iile of Delos to appear for a retreat 
 
RHA 
 
 to this fugitive. Apollo afterward killed this ferpent with 
 an arrow j in memory of which the Pythian games were 
 Snftltuted. He covered a tripod at Delphi with the fkin 
 of this animal, upon which the prieit fat to utter his 
 <jrades. Ovid. 
 
 Pythoni'ssa, the prieftefs of Apollo's temple at Del- 
 phi, more generally called Pythia. 
 
 Q_ 
 
 QUA'DRIFRONS, a furname of Janus, when repre- 
 iented with four faces viewing the four quartets of the world. 
 
 QuERqiJETULA ? REs, nymphs who prefided over the 
 falling of oaks. 
 
 Quies, the goddefs of reft, who had her temple without 
 the walls of the city of Rome. 
 
 Quie ? tus, a name of Pluto, becaufe by death he brings 
 reft to all men. 
 
 Quirina'lia, the Roman feftivals, celebrated in ho- 
 nour <f Romulus, on the 13th of the calends of March. 
 
 Quiri'nus, a furname of Mars among the Romans. 
 It was alfo given to Romulus after his conleciition. Oiid. 
 
 Quiri'tes, the name of the Sabires, who inhabited 
 the town of Cures, and were admitted by the Romans 
 into their city. After this union, the two nations were 
 snducriminately and promiicuoufly called by this name. 
 farra. Lizj. 
 
 R 
 
 REMUS, the brother of Romulus, Ha'n by him in a 
 fedition between them ; but the common report was, that 
 he ridiculed his brother's wall by leaping over it, and was 
 flain upon that account. 
 
 Rhaoama'nthus, king of Lycia, and fon of Jupiter 
 by Europa. He was a famous lawgiver of Crete, re- 
 nown; d for his impartial juftice. The poets have made 
 him one of the three nidges of hell. 
 
 &3 
 
ROM 
 
 Rhamnu'sia, a name of Nemefis, from Rhamtuis, /* 
 inwr. in Attic;;, where me had a temple, in which was a 
 flatue of her made of one ftone, ten < ubits high. 
 
 Rhea, the filter and wife of Saturn : fee Ops. 
 
 Rhea Sjivia, the mother of Romulus and Remus i 
 £# Txia. 
 
 Rhesus, a king of Thrace, who went to the afTiitance 
 of Troy, and was flain in his tent the full night by Dio- 
 me ies, who carried a way his horfes to i he Grecian camp. 
 This was done becauie an ancient oracle had declared, that 
 Troy fbouJd mvtr be taken, if the horfes of Rhefus drank 
 (he waters of the Xanthus, and fed upon the grafs of the 
 Trojan plains. Homer. Apollod. 
 
 RhisTE-noK', one of Diomedes* companions, changed 
 into a heron by Venus. Ovid. 
 
 Rhi'pheus, one of the Centaurs. 
 
 Rho'dope, the wife of Haemas, king of Thrace, who 
 was changed into the high mountain of this name, becaufe 
 flie preferred herfelf to Juno in beauty. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Rhodes, a famous ifland in the Mediterranean, whofe 
 principal city was Rhodes, remarkable for a coloflus feventy 
 feet high j it was the iiatue of Apollo, and accounted one 
 of the P.ven wonders of the world. 
 
 Rhoecus, one of the Centaurs, who fought with the 
 JJapnhae at the nuptials of Pirithous, and was killed by 
 Bacchus. Ouid. 
 
 Robi'gus, a deity at Rome, particularly worfhipped 
 by huftjandmen, and entreated to preiesve the corn from 
 bligh's. 
 
 Ro'mulus, fon of Mars by Rhea Sylvia, and twin 
 brother to Remus. Thefe princes were faid to be fuckled 
 by a wolf (fee Acca Laurentia) and when they were 
 grown up Romulus flew his brother, and pofleffed him- 
 self of all the country round mount Aventine, where be 
 laid the foundations of the city of Rome, He got together 
 feveral outlaws and fugitives, and foon became formidable 
 to his neighbours. As they had no women among them, 
 he celebrated certain games, to which he invited the Sa- 
 bines, who came in great numbers. When they were in 
 the midft of their jollity, Romulus made a llgnal, at which 
 the foldiers feized on the Sabine women, and carried them 
 
SAL 
 
 cif. Romulus took Herfilia, daughter of Tatius, who 
 declared war againft him j but Herfilia foon made peace 
 between them, and married Romulus. After this the 
 Romans and Sabines became one people, The manner of 
 Ms death is uncertain j but fome fay Mars tranflated him 
 into heaven, and he was worfhipped as a god by the name 
 ©f Quirinus. 
 
 Ru'mia, the goddefs of fucking children. 
 
 Runci'na, the goddefs of weeding or cleanfing the 
 ground. 
 
 Rc'tuxi. a very ancient people of Italy, who, under 
 their king Turnus, endeavoured to drive iEneas out of 
 the country. 
 
 SABiE, a people of Arabia. Their chief town was 
 Saba, famous for frankincenfe, myrrh, and aromatic 
 plants j and its inhabitants were called Sabaei. Virgil. 
 
 Sabines, an ancient people of Italy, who being invited 
 to the games celebrated by Romulus, the Romans carried 
 off fbme of their women, becaufe they had then none 
 among them. 
 
 Sacra Via, a celebrated' fheet of Rcme, which was a 
 pafiage to the cap-to! and palace, through which the Ro- 
 mans rode in triumph. Horace. 
 
 Sala'cia, a goddefs of the fea, the fame as Amphi- 
 trke, (o called from the raltriefs of the fea. 
 
 Sa'lamis, a daughter of A fopus, enamoured by Nep- 
 tune, who carried her to an ifland of the JEgean fea, which 
 afterward bore her name, and where Hie gave birth to a fon 
 called Onchreus. 
 
 Sa-'lu, the priefts of Mars inftituted by Numa, and 
 were twelve in number, who carried the facred miekls, 
 called Ancilia, in proceUion, leaping, dancing, and ring- 
 ing through the ftieets. 
 
 Sa'lmacis, a fountain in Caria, which rendered effe- 
 minate all thole who drank of its writer ; whence it is'faid 
 that it changed men into women, Owdi 
 
S AR 
 
 
 Salm</neus, a king of Elis, who was fo proud that; 
 he would needs pais for a god ; and in order to appear fo, 
 he made a bridge of brais over a great part of the city, 
 that the rattling of his chariot over it might imitate thun- 
 der. But jupiier, to puniih him, (truck him dead with 
 a thunderbolt, and placed him in the infernal regions tiear 
 his brother Sii'yphus. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Salus, the goddcfs of health and fafety, to whom a 
 temple was dedicated at Rome ; her priefts only had the 
 privileges of feeing her ftatue, and they took the auguries 
 of health with great folemnities and many, ceremonies. 
 
 Salmos, an ifland in the ./Egean fca, near Ionia, with 
 a capital of the fame name, where Juno was worfhipped, 
 hecaufe the inhabitants believed that goddei's was born in 
 their ifland, on the banks of the rii^sr Imbrifis, and under 
 ,-v willow that was kept within the walls of the temple 
 erecled to her honour ; which temple was built by the 
 Argonauts, who had brought from Argos the ftatue of this 
 goddefs. — The iflands of Samothrace anil Cephalena were 
 alio known by the name of Samos. 
 
 Sa'motkrace, an ifland of the Archipelago, near 
 Thrace, foi niv-rly famous for the worflup of the gods called 
 Cabiri, and for the myiteries there celebrated, commonly 
 Cc-.; ; ed the m)fteries of Samodnace. 
 
 Sancus, a god of the Sabmes, who was faid to be the 
 t; 3 .ther of Sabinus, who gave name to that nation. 
 
 Sa'ngaris, or Sangarius, a river of Fhrygra, and 
 father of a beautiful nymph, who caufed Atys to forget his 
 engagements with Cybele, which was the occafion of the 
 death of her lover. She happened to fee the fit if. almond- 
 tree rife out of the earth, fbme of whofe almonds (he took i 
 and put into her bofom j but they immediately difappeared, 
 and flie became big with child. 
 
 Sappho, a celebrated poetefs of Lefbos, in the. 44th 
 Olympiad, who invented the verfe which goes by her name. 
 Being deferred by her lover Phaon, fhe Jeaped off the Lm- 
 Z'ddian rock into the lea, to cure her paffion. The Lefbians 
 paid her diviai honours after death, and raifed her temples 
 4nd altars, and ltamped their money with her image. 
 
 a'^.r>:;., a ci;y of Alia Minor, the capital of Lydia, 
 
S A T 
 
 iiraate at the foot of mount Tmoius, on the banks of the 
 Faaolus. 
 
 Sardus, a ion of Maceris, who had the furname of 
 Hercules in Egypt and Lybia. He led a colony of Lybians 
 irvto the ifland now called Sardinia. 
 
 Saron, a Icing of Troezene, uncommonly fond of 
 hunting. One day he pmfued a flag to the feafhore, and 
 the {tag jumping into the fea, he flung himlelf in after him, 
 where he fwam for two miles and was drowned. This ad- 
 venture gave name to the -gulph of Saronica, an arm of the 
 fea near Corinth, Saron was made a lea godjby Neptune, 
 and was afterward worfhipped by mariners. 
 
 Sarpe'don, a Ton of Jupiter by Europa, who difputed 
 the crown of Crete with his elder brother Minos, and being 
 vanqu '(lied, was obliged to abandon that ifland j but he 
 took with him a colony into Caria, where he built the city 
 of Miletus.— A fon of Jupiter by Laodamia, and king of 
 Xycia. He went to aflift Priam againft the Greeks, at- 
 tended by his friend Glaucus, and was at laft killed by 
 Patroclus.—A fon of Neptune, who was very cruel, and 
 made a trifle of taking away the lives of men j for he killed 
 »H thofe that he met with* Hercules freed the world from 
 this monfter. 
 
 Saturn, a fon of Ccelus and Terra or Vefta, who mar- 
 ried Ops or Rhea, his own fifter. His elder brother, Ti- 
 tan, was prevailed upon to afngn over his right to him, on 
 this condition, that Saturn fhould deftroy all his male 
 children* that fo the kingdom might return to Titan's pof- 
 terity ; which Saturn performed, devouring all the males 
 as foon as bom. But when Jupiter was brought into the 
 world, Ops gave him a (tone wrapped up like a child to 
 devour, which he did ; and by the lame device faved Nep- 
 tune and Pluto alfo. Titan, hearing this, made war upon 
 ins brother, iubdned him, and threw him into Tartarus, 
 from whence lie was delivered by his fon Jupiter. But 
 notwithftanding this, having learned by the oracle that his 
 ion mould dethrone him, he attempted to kill him ; upon 
 which Jupiter furprifed him, made him drunk, bound 
 liim, and deprived him of hr's virility with his own fithe, as 
 Saturn had ferved his father Ccei us before. Saturn fled 
 iato Italy, where Janus entertained him kindly, and gave 
 
SCI 
 
 him part of his "kingdom. In his reign the poets fix the 
 golden age, when the earth, without culture, brought 
 forth every tiling. He firll taught the rude people to plow 
 and fow, and invented the fithe. He is reprelented under 
 the figure of an old man, with a fithe in his hand, and 
 a ferpc-nt with its tail in its mouth : fometimes he has an 
 hourglafs in his hand, and a child raifed up as if going to 
 devour it. 
 
 Saturna'lia, a famous feftival at Rome, in the month 
 of December, which iafted feveral days ; it was celebrated 
 in honour of Saturn, with, great rejoicings and entertain- 
 ments, and many pre/ents were given and received. Ser- 
 vants likewise fat at the table with their matters, in memory, 
 of the golden age, when all things were in common. 
 
 Satyrs, country deities, reprelented in the form of 
 hairy men, with the horns and ears of a goat ; and they 
 had the legs, the thighs, and the tail of the lame animal; ■ 
 but they were fometimes painted only with the feet of a goat. 
 They were conltant companions of Silenus, who attended 
 upon Bacchus, and they rriade themfelves known Jn his 
 orgies by their riot and lafcivioufnefs. The fir It fruits of 
 every kind we:e generally offered to them. Panf. VtrgH* 
 
 Scama'nder, a celebrated river of Troas, riling at the 
 earl of mount Ida, whole waters had the fingular property 
 of giving a beautiful colour to the hair or the wool of fuch 
 animals as bathed in them. This river, according to Ho- 
 mer, was cai!eu X an thus by the gods, and Scamander by 
 men. The god of the Scamander had tegular pi lefts and 
 facrifiees offered to him ; and it was ufual for the virgins 
 of Troas to bathe in the Scamander, when they arrived at 
 nubile years, and to offer to the god their virginity. Strabo* 
 Homer. A fon of Corybas and Demonices, who brought 
 a colony from Crete into Phrygia, and fettled at the foot 
 of mount Ida, where he introduced the fefUvals of Cybel» 
 and the dances of the Corybantes. He fome time after loft 
 the ufe of his fenfes, and threw himftlf into the river Xan- 
 thus, which ever after bore his name. Apollod. 
 
 Scinis, a notorious Corinthian robber, who ufed great 
 cruelty to palfengers ; for he tied them to the boughs of 
 trees, which he had forcibly-brought together, and which 
 %t afterward unloofened fuddenly, fo that they vyeie in~" 
 
SEX 
 
 fiantly torn to pieces. Thefeus is faid to have puni/Iied 
 bim with the lame kind of death. 
 
 Sciron, a famous rebber in Attica, who feized on all 
 palTengers he could^ and threw them from the highelt rocks 
 into the fea ; he was at length vanquished at Megara by 
 Thefens, who made him undergo the fame punishment ; 
 he gave name to the rocks which he had ftained with the 
 blood of fo many miferable people. 
 
 Scylla, a daughter of Nifu?, king of Megara, who 
 privately cut off her father's fatal lock, and gave it to 
 Minos j by that means betraying his fafety and kingdom 
 to his enemy. She was changed into a lark for her trea- 
 chery, and purfued by Nifus in the Shape of a hawk. Ovid. 
 A daughter of Typhon, or as fome fay of Phorcus. She 
 was beloved by Glaucus, a fea god, who defired the force- 
 reis Circe to render her fenfible of his paffion ; but Circe, 
 being in love with him herfeif, poifoned the fountain where 
 Scylla bathed, and no Sooner had the nymph touched the 
 place, than fhe found every part of her body below the 
 wairc changed into frightful monfters like dogs, which 
 never ccaled baiking, and the reft of her body afl'umed fix 
 different heads. This fudden metamorphoiis fo terrified 
 her, that lite threw hcrfelf into a gulph oi the fea of Sicily, 
 where fhe was changed into rocks, which continued to 
 bear her name. Thefe rocks lie near Charybdis, and the 
 parage between them is very dangerous for vefieis ; for 
 when they 'endeavour to avoid Scylla, they run a riik of 
 falling into Charybdis. Ovid. Hcmer. 
 
 Scyr.os. an iiland in the Archipelago ; where Thefeus 
 was killed, and where Achilles hid himielf in woman's 
 apparel, for fear of going to the war of Troy. 
 
 Scy'thia, a kingdom of Afia, near the Black Sea. 
 Its ir habitants, called Scythians, are celebrated by fome 
 as a people of frugality, honour, and juftce ; \>ut others 
 reprelent them as a lavage and barbarous nation, who fed 
 upon human fkfb. 
 
 So a, or Segetia, a rural deity, who took care of 
 the corn, and cf harvell time j (fee was worshipped by the 
 hufbaniimen, in order to procure a plentiful crop. 
 
 Seli'mnus, a river of Achaia, whole mouth is near a, 
 fountain called Argyra, It is pretended thav, Selimr.ui. 
 
SER 
 
 was formerly a young fhepherd, of whom the nymph Ar- 
 gyra was fo fond, that (he came out of the fea every day to' 
 enjoy his company j but this palTion did not lad long, for 
 at length (he grew weary of hiitH and Selimnus was fo 
 affecTted with it, that he died of grief: upon which Venus 
 rnetamorphofed him into a river ,' and even then-he conti r 
 nued to love Argyra, which, when that goddefs perceived^ 
 (he caufed him to forget her entirely. The poets affirm,, 
 that men and women who want to forget their lovers, need 
 only bathe themfelves in this river. 
 
 Se'mele, the daughter ot Cadmus and Hermome, and 
 mother of Bacchus by Jupiter. Juno was fo jealous, that, 
 fhe endeavoured to deftroy her, an i went to her in the form 
 of Beroe, Semele's nurfe, advifing her to fee her lover in 
 all his glory. Semele, with a great deal of difficulty, 
 perfuaded Jupiter to grant that favour j the confequence 
 of which was, that (he was burnt, for her mortal nature 
 could not endure fo much majefty. Semele immediately 
 after* death was honoured with immortality under the name 
 of Thyone ; but fome fuppofe that (he remained in the 
 infernal regions till Bacchus was permitted to bring her 
 back. Pauf Hejiod. 
 
 Semi'ramis, a famous queen of the AfTyrians, daugh- 
 ter of the goddefs Derceto. She was expofed foon after her 
 birth, and was fed by doves till one of the (hepherds of 
 Minus found her, and brought her up as his own child. 
 She married Menon, the governor of Nineveh, who fooh 
 after hanged himfelf j fihe then married Ninus, and after- 
 ward fucceede.d him on the throne. Some fay that Semi- 
 ramis was changed into a dove after death, and received 
 immortal honours in AfTyria. It was (he that built the 
 magnificent gardens and walls of Babylon, that weie 
 placed among the feven wonders of the world. 
 
 Se'mones, gods of an interior rank, being deified men ; 
 for -this reafon they were called dumi-gods. 
 
 Sera'pis, one of the chief gods of the Egyptians, 
 taken by fome for Jupiter, and by others for the Sun ; 
 fome again took him for Pluto, becaufe he was fometimes 
 accompanied by Cerberus, The Egyptians had feverr.l 
 temples dedicated to this god, who is the fame as Apis 
 and Ofiris. 
 
SIL 
 
 Sf'riphus, one of the iflands in the Archipelago, a 
 plage to which many exiles were confined. 
 . SestOS, a city in the Thracian Cherfonefe, onpofite 
 %p Abidos, on the Afian fide of the Hellefponr, famous 
 for being the feat of the amours of Hero and Leander. 
 
 SiBYLS, certain women who foretold things !o come. 
 The mod famous of thefe was the Sybil of Cuma?, who 
 commonly reilded in a cave, near a town of that name in 
 |taly, and was daughter of Glaucus. Apollo, to gain her 
 favour, promifed that fhs (hould live as many years as fhe 
 could hold grains of land in her hand. In procds of time 
 fhe became fo decrepid, that there was fcarce any thing 
 left of her but her voice. She had ieveral other names.— 
 There were other Sibyls, the moft ancient of whom lived 
 ar Delphi, and was called Artemis. Next to her was the 
 Sibyl Eryihraea. Enryphile propheiied at Samos ; Rel- 
 lefpontica, at Manpefus, a town on the banks ©f the Helle- 
 fpont ; the Lybian-, in Lybia ; and, laflly, that of Trivo- 
 li, called Aibusea, in Africa. 
 
 Sich/e'us, the prieft of Hercules, and hufband of Dido, 
 flain by his brother-in-law Pygmalion before the altar, for 
 the lafce of his money. Virgil. 
 
 Si'cily, a large and fruitful ifland, near Italy, in the 
 Mediterranean fea, famous for the beautiful plains of En- 
 na, and the burning mountain JEtwa. 
 
 Sicyon, a city, of Peloponneius, the capital of Sicy 
 onia, celebrated as being the molt ancient kingdom of 
 Greece. 
 
 SlDON, an ancient city of Phoenicia, the cap ; tal of the 
 country, with a. famous harbour in the Mediterranean, now 
 called Said. 
 
 Sig/e'um, a promontory near Troy (where the Sca- 
 mander falls into the fea) on which Achilles was buried. 
 
 Silence, an allegorical deity, repreiented under the 
 form of a man, holding one finger in his mouth : lee Har- 
 pocrates ; or und:r the figure of a woman, in the fame 
 attitude j fee Tacita. 
 
 Sile'nus, a dcmi god, who was the fofterfather, tutor,, 
 and attendant of Bacchus. He rid upon an afs, to accom* 
 pany that god in his conqueftof India, and alio in the war 
 agamft the giants, He is generally reprefented like a- little 
 
 S 
 
SIP 
 
 flat-noted, bald, fat, gorbellied, old, drunken fellow, ri- 
 ding upon an afs-j and yet for all this he is accounted wife, 
 learned, and able to dive into myfteiies. The fatyrs were 
 his conitant companions and afliitants, who honoured him - 
 as their father, and when they became old they were 
 called Slleni. Horace. Ovid. 
 
 Silva'nus, a rural deity, who prefides over woods, 
 reprefented like an old man of little Mature, with the feet 
 of a goat. He fell in love with CyparifTus ; but being lb 
 unfortunate as to kill a fawn, which the youth had ten- 
 derly brought up, and died for thelofsof, he changed him 
 into a cyprefa-tree, and carried a branch of it ever after 
 in his hand. His ufual facrifice was a hog. Virgil. 
 Jun-etia'. 
 
 m'mois, a river that rifes in mount Ida, and falls into 
 the Scam-ander, near Troy. 
 
 Simo'nides, a pott of Cos, who firft invented the art 
 of memory, and three of the Greek letters. His compofi- 
 tions were efteeined for their elegance and fweetnefs j and 
 the people of Syracufe erected a magnificent monument to 
 his memory. 
 
 Si nis, a famous robber, who put all ftrangers that fell 
 in his hands to a cruel death t fee SciNis. 
 
 SfNON, a fon of Sifyphus, and grandfon of Autolicus. 
 He was accounted the raoft crafty and deceitful among the 
 Greeks j for thefe pretending to raife the fiege of Troy, 
 Sinon fuffered himfelf to be taken, and reported that they 
 were going to put him to death, for which reafon he came 
 to the Trojans for fafety. He then advifed Priam to bring 
 into his city the wooden horfe which the Greeks had left 
 behind them, and to confecrate it to Minerva :• his advice 
 was followed, and Snion in the night opened the fide of the 
 horfe to let out the Greeks, and £o procured the deilruclion 
 pf'Troy. Virgil. Homer. 
 
 Siphnus, an ifland in the Archipelago, one of the Cy^ 
 clades. The inhabitants having difcoveied amine of gold, 
 Apollo demanded a tenth part of the profit, by the Py-hian 
 oracle, promifmg at the fame time to make it increafe to 
 their advantage : upon which they built a treafury in the 
 temple of Delphi, and depofited the tenth part, as had been 
 required) but afterward being poflefred with a fpirit of 
 
SMI 
 
 avarice, they difcontinued paying the tribute, upon which 
 the fea drowned their mine, and caufed it to difappear. 
 The capital town of this iftand is now called Sipanto, 
 
 Si'pilus, a city and mountain of Lydia, where Cybele 
 had a temple, and was worshipped, in a particular manner, 
 Pauf. The firft born of the feven fons of Niobe, who was 
 flain by Apollo. Ovid. 
 
 Sitho'nia, a country of Thrace, between mount Hse- 
 mus and the Danube, Sithonia is often applied to all 
 Thrace, and thence the epithet Sithonis, fo often ufed by 
 the poets. 
 
 Sirens, a kind of monfters, partly women and partly 
 birds : they lived on thecoaft of Sicily, and by the fweet- 
 nefs of their finging and mulic tempted pafTengers en more 
 to their deftruction. UtyiTes was informed of their power 
 by Circe, and to avoid being charmed by them, flopped 
 up the ears of his failors, and caufed himfelf to be tied to 
 the mad. But Orpheus overcame them in their oven art j 
 upon which they grew defperate, and threw themfelves into 
 the fea and perifhed. They were three in number, Par- 
 thenope, Ligaea, and Leucofia ; and they are often repre- 
 fented holding, one a lyre, another a flute, and the third 
 jinging. 
 
 „ Si'rius, the dog liar 5 whofe appearance, as the anci- 
 ents fuppoied, always caufed great heat on the earth, 
 Virgil, 
 
 Sisy'phjdes, a name of UlyrTes, given him by way of 
 reproach, as if he had been the fon of the robber Sifyphus, 
 who was faid to have been acquainted with his mother 
 Antlplea, before fhe married his father Laertes. Ovid. 
 
 Si'syphus, a fon of ^Eolus, who greatly inferred At- 
 tica with his robberies, and was more cunning in theiri 
 than his friend Autolycus. He is faid hy the poets to roll 
 a great ftone to the top of a mountain in hell, which falls 
 down again when it is got near the fummit, and he is forced 
 to renew his labour. He was fo punifhed by the gods, 
 for having revealed ibme of their fecrets. Ovid. 
 
 Smilax, a beautiful virgin, in love with Crocus, who 
 flighted her j and (he dying for love, was turned into a 
 fjirubof her own name, with yellow flowers. Ovid. 
 . ; Smi.'ntheus, a title of Apollo in Phrygia, where the 
 
SPA 
 
 inhabitants 'raiftd him a temple, becaufe he had deftroyed 
 a number of rats that inferred the country. O-vid. 
 
 Sol, or the Sun, was an objeft of venera'ion ?.fncr.g 
 the ancients, According to fome of the poers, Sol and 
 Apollo were different perfons. Apollo, however, and 
 Phoebus und Sol* are univerfally fuppofcd to be the fame - 
 deity. 
 
 Somnus, a fon of Erebus and Nox, brother to Mors, 
 and one of the infernal deities. He is laid to have his 
 palace in a dark cave, where the rays of the fun never 
 enter : the paffige to it is full of poppies and fomniferbos 
 herbs, and the river Oblivion runs before the palace. 
 Somnus himfelf lies in an inner room, upon a down bed, 
 with btaifc curtains ; there are dreams hovering round him, 
 and Morpheus his principal fervant watches to priveri* 
 any noife. He is accounted the god 'of deep, and is con- 
 tinually at reft, holding a horn in one hand, and an ele- 
 phant's tooth in the other. 
 
 So'phocles, a celebrated tragic poet of Athens, edu- 
 cated in the lchool of Afchylus. He was the rival of Eu- 
 ripides for public fame, whom he may be faid tofu'pafs 
 in the majeftic and fublime. Of 120 tragedies which he 
 compofed, only feven are extant. 
 
 Sora'cte, or SoractEs, a mountain of Eutrnria, 
 near the Tiber, now called mount St. Sylvefter. There 
 was formerly a temple thereon, dedicated to Apollo, whofe 
 priefls were faid to walk over burning coal without hurting 
 1 hem Pelves. 
 
 Sortes, a fort of divination by lots, which were ge- 
 nerally a fort of dice, on which characters were engraved, 
 whole explanation was on tables made for that purpofe. 
 In fome temples they threw the dice out of their hands, 
 and in others they put them into urns, from whence they 
 were thrown. This practice was always preceded by fa- 
 crinces and many ceremonies. 
 
 So'spita, a fur name of Juno, becaufe fhe took care of 
 the fatubnty of the air. 
 
 Sparta : fee Laced^emon, 
 
 Spartes, a name given to the companions of Cadmus, 
 who, according; to the fable, were born of the' dragon's 
 teeth which he fowed on the earth. 
 
STH 
 
 • Spb'rchius, a river of ThefTaly, riling in mount Oet3» 
 and rapid in its courie. Homer tells us, that Peleus made 
 a vow to offer to Spt-rchins the hair of his ion Achilles, if 
 he returned fafe from the fiege cf Troy. 
 
 Sphinx, a monifer with the head and breaft of a 
 woman, the wings of a bird, the body of a dog, and the 
 paws of a lion. Her place of ab/de was near Thebes, 
 where (he deftroyed many people. Apollo told Creon that 
 ftie could not be vanquished till fome one had" fvlved her 
 riddle. The riddle was, What animal is that i&likb goes 
 ■upon four legs in the tnoming, t c wo at noon, and three ak 
 night? CEdipus expounded it, telling tar it was a man, 
 who when in infancy creeps on all four, in his m'ddh: age 
 walks on two legs, and in his old age on two and a ftaff. 
 This pm the Sphinx into fuch'a rage, that ihe threw herielf 
 down from a rock, and broke her neck. 
 
 Stator, a furname of Jupit: r, given him by Romulus, 
 becaufe ne (topped the flight of the Romans in a battle 
 againtt the Sabines. In memoiy of this event Romulus 
 built a temple to Jupiter Stator j and his itatue -leprtfent- 
 ed him ftanding upright, with a pike in the right hand, 
 and lightning in the left. 
 
 Ste'llio, a youth turned into an elf by Ceres, becaufe 
 he derided thegoddefs. Ovid. 
 
 Stentor, a Greek who went to the Trojan war/ and 
 had as loud a voice as fifty men put together. Homer. 
 
 Ste'rope, one of the Pleiades, daughter of Atlas, and 
 mother of of Oenomaus by Mars. 
 
 Ste'ropes, one of the Cyclops, who forged thunder- 
 bolts for Jupiter. 
 
 Sthe'nelus, a king of Mycenae, fon of Perfeu& and 
 Andromeda. He married Nxippe daughter of Pelops, by 
 whom he had Euryltheus, who was born, by Juno's in- 
 fluence, two months before the natural time, that he might 
 have a fuperiority over Hercules. Homer. A fon of Ca- 
 paneus, and one of the Epigoni. He went to the Trojan 
 war, and was one of thofe who were fhut up in the wooden 
 horle. Virgil. 
 
 SthenO; one of the three Gorgons. 
 
 Sthenobcb'a, thewifeof Proetusj king of Argos, who 
 S3 
 
S Y M 
 
 defired her huiband to put Bellerophon to death, becaufe 
 he would not gratify her inclinations. 
 
 Sti'phelus, one of the Centaurs, killed in the hou.fe 
 ofPirithous. Ovid. 
 
 Stro'phades, two fmall iflands in the Ionian fea, 
 which wtre frequented by the Harpies. Virgil. 
 
 Stro'phius, a king of Phocis, who married a fifter 
 qf Agamemnon, by whom he had Pylades, the friend of 
 Oreftes. After the murder of Agamemnon by his wife 
 and her adulterer, Strophius educated his nephew Oreftes 
 with the greater! care, and enable! him to revenge the death 
 of his father. Fauf. 
 
 Strymon, a river dividing Thrace from Macedonia, 
 to which a number of cranes reforttd in the fummer time. 
 
 Stympha'lus, a high lull, city, river, Jake, and foun- 
 tain of Aicadia. Hercules killed a great number of filthy 
 birds called Srymphalides, wfvch incommoded the adjacent 
 
 (parts of the lake, and fed on human fiem. 
 Styx, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, who mar- 
 ried Pallas, by whom (he had three daughreis, Victory, 
 Valour, and Strength. Hefiod. A celebrated lake or river 
 of hell, whole waters were held in fuch veneration by i-l^e 
 gods, that when they fwore by this river, the ram was 
 not to be broken ; for if they did, they were to be depri- 
 ved of their godfliip for ten years. It is faid that this ve- 
 neration was mown to the Stygi n lake, becaufe it received 
 its nan*-, from the nymph S'yx, who with foer three daugh- 
 ters a flitted Jupiter in his war againit the giants Hefiod, 
 Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Sulmo, a town of Peligni, in Italy, founded by one 
 of the followers of ./Eneas It was the birthplace of Ovid. 
 
 Sl'mma'nus, a name of Pluto, as prmce of the dead. 
 He had a temple at Rome, and the Romans believed that 
 the thunderbolts of Jupiter were in bis power during the 
 night. Ovid. 
 
 Sylva'nus, the god of the woods : fee Silvan us. 
 vSy'lvia, the mother of Romulus, called alio Rhea 
 Sylvia, and Ilia. \ 
 
 Symple'gades, two rocks or iflands, near the Thra- 
 cjari Befphoius, and fo clofe together, that at a fmall tlif- 
 t^nce they feera to be but one. " See Cyaneje. 
 
TAN 
 
 . SyRiNX, an Arcadian nymph, beloved by the god Pan» 
 and living from him till flopped by a river, (he implored the 
 aiTHtance of the Naides, who changed her into a reed, of 
 y/hich Pan made himfelf a pipe. Ovid. 
 
 Syrtes, two large quickfands in the Mediterranean, 
 on the coaft of Africa, at a great diftance from each other, 
 Virgil. Horace* 
 
 TAAU TES, a Phoenician deity, the fame as Saturn of 
 the Latins. Varru. 
 
 Ta'cita, one of -the goddefles of Silence, whofe image 
 flood on" the altar of the goddefs Volupia, with its mouth 
 tied up and fealed. See Angeronia. 
 
 Tje'naros, a promontory of Laconia, under which is 
 a hollow cave with a wide mouth, vhich fome thought to be 
 the entrance or liell. Horace. Juvenal. 
 
 Tages, the grandfon of Jupiter, and fon of Genius, 
 who firft taught the Tufcans the art of augury an divina- 
 tion. Cicero. Ovid. 
 
 Tagus, a river of Spain, famous for its golden lands. 
 <vid. 
 
 Talthy'bius, a herald in the Grecian camp, fent by 
 Agamemnon to demand Brileis from Achilles. Homer. 
 
 Talus, the nephew of Dsedalus, who made fuch a 
 progrefs in arts under the direction of his uncle, that he 
 invented the law, the compaffes, and feveral other inftru- 
 ments. At length Daedalus was jealous of fuch a rival, 
 and he put him fecretly to death ; or, according to others, 
 he threw him down from the citadel of Athens. Talus 
 was changed into a partridge by the gods. He is alfo called 
 Acalus and Perdrix. Pauf. Ovid. 
 
 Ta'masea, a beautiful plain of Cyprus, facred to the 
 goddefs of beauty. It was in this place that Venus ga- 
 thered the golden apples with which Hippcmanes was ena- 
 bled to outrun Atalanta. Ovid. 
 
 Ta-'nagra^ the daughter of /Eolus, who gave her 
 name to the city of Tanagra, in Bceotia j for fhe was £> 
 
TAT 
 
 old that they gave her the name of Graea, that is to fay, a : 
 hag, and hence the city was fo called. 
 
 Ta'nTalus, a king of Lydia, fon of Jupiter by the 
 nymph Plota, and father to Niobe, Pelops, &c. He 
 carried away Ganymede, to be revenged of Tros, who hid 
 not invited him to the firft folemnities Celebrated at Troy. 
 To try the gods who came to vifit him, he ferved.up the 
 members of his fon Pelops, for which Jupiter condemned 
 him to perpetml hunger and thirft. Mercury put him in 
 chains, and plunged him up to the chin in the middle of a 
 lake in hell, and placed near his mouth a branch loaded 
 with pleafant fruit, which retired when he wanted to eat, 
 and the water drew back when he defiredto drink. O-vid. 
 
 Taras, a fon of Neptune, thought to be the founder 
 of the Tarentines ; for they damped his image upon their 
 medals, in the fhape of a fea god mounted upon a dolphin, 
 and holding a trident in his hand. He had a llatue in the 
 temple at Delphi, where they paid him divine honours. 
 
 Tarpe*ia, a daughter of Tarpeius, governor of the 
 citadel of Rome, who agreed with the Sabines to deliver up 
 the capitol, if they would give her the fine things which they 
 wore on their left arms, meaning th ir bracelets; but 
 they being entered, threw not only their bracelets, but 
 their fhields upon her, and crufhed her under them. She 
 was buried in the capitol, which from her has been called 
 the Tarpeian rock, and there afterward many of the Ro- 
 man maltfaclors were thrown down a deep precipice. - 
 Ovid. Livy. 
 
 Ta'rtarus, one of the regions of hell, where the mo(V 
 impious and guilty are puniftied. According to Hehod it 
 was fo deep a prifen, that it was placed as far below hell as 
 hell itfelf from the heavens. Virgil fays that it was encom- 
 pafled by three impenetrable walls, and furrounded by the 
 river Phlegeihon. It had a high tower to defend its en- 
 trance, and the gates were fupported by columns of ada- 
 mant, which neither the power of men nor gods could 
 open. 
 
 Ta'tius, a king of the Sabines, who made an alliance 
 with Romulus, after they had been fome time at war, anel 
 the city had been betrayed to. him by Tarpeia, 
 
T E I, 
 
 • Tayge'te, a daughter of Atlas, and one of the Plei- 
 ades. She was the mother of Lacedsemon, by Jupiter. 
 
 Te'lamon, a kin^of Salamis, fon of JEacus, brother tb 
 Peleus, and father to Teucer and Ajax. He was a com- 
 panion of Hercules in the laclang of Troy, and aifo one of 
 the Argonauts. 
 
 Telchi'xes, a people of Rhodes, faid to have been 
 originally from Crete, and prieiis of Cybele, They were 
 the inventors of many ulfcfui arts, and the firn: who raifed- 
 fta'.ues to the goo's. They patted for the fbns of the fea, 
 and had the power of changing tbemfelves into any fbape 
 they pleafed; they could fafcinate all objecls with their 
 eyes, and caufe rain and hail to fali at pleafure. Died. 
 Oiid, 
 
 Te'leboas, a fon of Ixion and the cloud, and one of 
 the Centaurs. O-iiJ. 
 
 Te'legonus, the fon of Ulyfles and Circe, in whole 
 ifland Ulyfles had been ihipwrecked, and begat this 
 fon on the tbrcerefs. The oracle having foretold that 
 Ulyfles fhould be flain by tbe hand of his fon, he determined 
 to refign his crown in favour of Telemachus, as icon as 
 he (hould arrive in Ithata. After this he went privately 
 into exile, and lived in a defert, fo that they thought hirn 
 dead. Tclegonus, being grown up, -vent to Ithaca to 
 rnake himfelf known 10 his fa her j and at the time of his 
 landing, .Ulyfles got together a handf.il of men to oppofe 
 Telegonus, whom lie took to be an enemy come to iurprile 
 the iita'nd. Thus this prince did not avo'd nis deifinyj 
 for he was killed by his own fon, who knew nothing of his 
 crime till he had married Penelope, his mother- in law, 
 being ignorant of that iikewife. He founded Tufcnlum in 
 Italy, and had a fon by Penelope, called Ita3us,< who 
 gave his name to Italy. Homer. O-vid Horace. 
 
 TeLE'm achus, the only fon of ttlyffes by Penel; pe, who 
 was but a child when his father went to the rojan war. 
 When h- came to be fifteen years of a|e| be wen- frorej. 
 country to country with Minerva, in the fbape of Mentor, 
 his governor, to feek his father. During this voyage be 
 encountered many hazards, and at length found UlyfFes 
 on his return to Ithaca. Some tim.. after his father had 
 refigned his crown, he went to vifit Circe, to whom he 
 
TEM 
 
 was engaged during his voyage, and married her, at the 
 fame time that his mother married Telegonus, who had 
 lately killed his father. Homer. Hygin. 
 
 Te'lemus, a Cyclops, the fon of Erymus, and a (both- 
 fayer. He foretold to Polyphemus what he was to fuffer 
 from UlyfTes. '0<vid. 
 
 Te'lephus, fon of Hercules and Auga, and king of 
 Myfia : fee Auga. He married a daughter of king 
 Priam, whom he aflifted againil the Greeks, and attacked 
 them with uncommon fury when they had landed on his 
 coafts. Telephus being feverely wounded by Achilles, 
 was informed by the oracle that he only who inflicted the 
 wound cou!d totally cure it. UlyflTts, who knew that 
 Troy could not be taken without the aifirlance of a ion of 
 Hercules, perfuaded Achilles to obey the oracle, who 
 fcraped the ruft from the point of the fpear, arid by applying 
 it to the fore gave it immediate relief. Telephus iho wed him- 
 felf fo grateful to the Greeks, that he accompanied them to 
 the Trojan war, and fought againft his father-in-law. 
 Hygin. Ovid. 
 
 Tellus, a divinity, the fame as the earth, the mofc 
 ancient of all the gods after Chaos. She was mother, by 
 Coelus, to Oceanus, Hyperion, Ceus, Saturn, &c. Tel- 
 lus is the fame as the divinity, who is honoured under the 
 feveral names of Cybele, Rhea, Vefta, Ceres, &c. She 
 was generally represented in the character of Tellus, as a 
 woman with many breafts, diftended with milk, to expreis 
 the fecundity of the earth : fhe alfo appeared crowned with 
 turrets, holding a fceptre in one hand, and a key in the 
 other, with a tame lion laying at her feet. Hejiod. Vir- 
 gil. 
 
 TEMPE, a valley in Theifaly, between mount OiTa and 
 Olympus. It was laid to be the moft charming place on 
 the earth, where the gods and goddelfes were wont to di-> 
 vert themfelves. 
 
 Temples, Jacred ftru&ures raifed to the honour of cer- 
 tain gods. According to Herodotus and Strabo, the E- 
 gyptians and Phoenicians were the firit that erected them. 
 ThePerfians, and all thofe who followed the doctrine of 
 the Magi, were a great while 1 without temples 5 faying 
 that : the whple world was the. temple of God, and ■t-haf. it 
 
TER 
 
 was foolifh to imagine that he could dwell within the mr-> 
 row bounds of a temple: for this reafon they facriflced to 
 their gods in the open air, and in all places, but more 
 particularly upon the hills. The ancient temples were di- 
 vided into leveral parts, the firft of which was the area or 
 porch, with a pond therein to perform their luftrations* 
 What they called Naos was like the nave of our churches. 
 The third part was the Aditum, or the holy place, where 
 the common people were not permitted to enter, nor even 
 fo much as to look. 
 
 Te'nedqs, a fmall ifland and city of Leffer Alia, over 
 againft Sigseum, a promontory of Proas. It was there that 
 the Greeks concealed themfelves at the fiege of Troy, the 
 more effectually to make the Trojans believe that they were 
 returned home without fmifhing the iiege. 
 
 Te'neo, the fon of Cycnus, who reigned in a city of 
 Eroas, and gave his name to the ifland of Tenedos. He 
 lived at the time of the fiege of Troy ; and when Achilles 
 went to ravage the iile of Tenedos, Teneo oppofed him, 
 but was killed in the fight. 
 
 Ten os, one of the iflands in the /Egean fea, with a ca- 
 pital of the fame name, and famous for a temple of Neptune, 
 
 Te'reus, a king of Thrace, who married Progne, and 
 ravifhed her filter : lee Philomela. 
 
 Te'rmerus, a robber of Peloponnefus, who killed 
 paflengers by (Inking their heads againft his own. He 
 was flam .by Thefeus. Pint. 
 
 Te'rminalis, a furname of Jupiter. Before Numa 
 had let up the god Terminus, Jupiter -was woribipped 
 as the protector of bounds, and then was reprefented in 
 the form of a ftone j by which they made the moll folemn 
 oaths. 
 
 Te'rminu?, a god who prefided over the boundaries 
 of the fields. When the gods retired- from the capitol in 
 refpeft to Jupiter, the god Terminus remained in his place 
 without during. He is reprefented with the head of a man, 
 and the lower part like a (take to fix in the earth. His fef- 
 tivals were called Terminalia, vt which they offered to him; 
 wafers made of flour, and the nrftfruitsof com, &c. 
 
 Te'rpsichoke, one of the nine Mufes, and goddefs 
 <a* dancing and rnuSic.. She is -repreicnted under the figure 
 
TH A 
 
 of a viigin,. crowned with garlands, holding a harp. in one 
 hand, and inftruments of mufic round her. 
 
 Terra, one of the moft ancient deities in mytholory, 
 wife to Uranus, and mother to Oceanus, the Titans, Gi- 
 ants, Phoebe, Tethys, &c. She is the fame as Tellus. 
 
 Terror, the god of dread and fear, and one of the at- 
 tendants of Mars. Ovid. 
 
 TeThys, a daughter of Coelus and Terra, wife to 
 Oceanus, and mother to the nymphs or rivers. She is of- 
 ten taken for the fea, by the poets ; and is fometimes con- 
 founded with her grandaughter Thetis, the wife of Pe- 
 leu?. Virgil. Lucan. 
 
 Teucer, the (on of Scamander of Crete, and father- 
 in-law to Dardanus, who reigned with him. The country 
 where he reigned was from him called Teucria, and his 
 fubjecis Teucrians, afterward called Trojans.. Apollod. 
 A ion of Telamon and Helione, who, on returning home 
 from the Trojan war, was driven from his country tor not 
 having revenged the death of his brother Ajax upon Ulyl- 
 fes. Homer. 
 
 Te'umesus, a mountain of Bceotia, in the region of 
 Thebes, where Hercules, when young, ilew the lion, 
 v/bofe fkin he wore ever after. 
 
 Th a la's si us, a handfome young Roman in the reign 
 of Romulus, who, at the rape of the Sabjnes, feized a vir- 
 gin remarkable for beauty and elegance. Their union was 
 attended with fo much happinefs that it was ever after 
 ufual at Rome to ufe the word Thalaffius at nuptials, and 
 to wiftj thole who were married the felicity of Thalamus. 
 He is fuppofed by Tome to be the finu as Hymen, as he 
 was made a god of marriage. P'ut. MarUal. 
 
 Tha'lia, one of the nine Mule?, who prefided over 
 lyric poetry and comedy. She is represented under the fi- 
 gure of a young maid crowned with ivy, holding a inafk 
 in her hand, and with bulkins on, her feet.— One or the 
 thiee Charities or Graces, lo called from her perpetual 
 verdure j beamfe kindneis ought never to die, but remain 
 frem always in the memory of the receiver. 
 
 Tha'myras, or Thamyris, a fon of Phihuimon, 
 and grandfpn of Apollo. He was fo vain he challenged 
 Ahe Mules to a trial of fly!!, by whom it was agreed, that, 
 
THE 
 
 if he excelled, they fliould acknowledge him for victor 3 
 but, on the contrary, if he mould be outdone, he fhould 
 yield himfelf to .them, to be treated at discretion. He 
 happening to lofe, the Mufes put out his eyes, broke his 
 lyre, and made him forget all that he knew. 
 
 Tha'sius, a furname of Hercules, taken from Thafos, 
 an ifhnd of the ^gean fea, where they wotihipped him 
 as their tutelary god, becaufe he delivered them from cer- 
 tain tyrants by whom they were opprelled. 
 
 Tiiea, a daughter of Ccelus and Terra, wife of Hype- 
 perion, and mother to Sol, Luna, and Aurora. Hejiod. 
 
 Thea'genes, a citizen of Thafos, who was often 
 crowned in the Grecian games, and became a god after 
 death. Pauf. 
 
 Thea'lia, a Cecilian nymph, who was beloved by 
 Jupiter, and became mother of the Falici. 
 
 Thaumas, the fon of Pontus, hufband to Elecfra, 
 and father to Lis. 0<vid. 
 
 Thea'no, a prieftefs of Minerva,. and wife of Antenor, 
 who is faid to have betrayed the Palladium tg>j^e Greeks. 
 Homer. 
 
 Thebes, the name of fever al cities in different coun- 
 tries Thebes in Egypt was built by Bufuis, king of 
 Egypt, and called Hehopolis, or the city of the fun, and 
 was mentioned by Homer as having a hundred gates. A- 
 nother w:is in Bceotia, a country of Greece, and fo called 
 from Thebe the wife of Mars, who was queen of thp.r. 
 country 5 its walls were laid to be rebuilt by Amphion with 
 the found of his lyre ; but it was firft built by Cadmus, 
 the fon of Agenor. There was another in Cilicia, which 
 was the birthplace of Andromache, Hector's wife. 
 
 Themis, the daughter of Coelus and Terra, and god - 
 dels of laws, ceremonies, and oracles. She was the firft 
 to whom the inhabitants of the earth railed temples j and 
 fhe had an oracle near the river Cephifus, in Bceotia, which 
 Deucalion and Pyrrha confuked how to rertore mankind 
 after the flood. She was generally attended by the ieafons; 
 and ?.mong the moderns fhe is reprefented holding a [word 
 and a pair of icales. O-vid. 
 
 Themi'sto, the third wife of Athamas, by whom fhe 
 had feveral children. She attempted to maifacre Leafchq* 
 T 
 
THE 
 
 dnd Melicerta, children of Ino j but the nurfe, knowing 
 of her defigns, clothed the children of Them i Ho with the 
 habits of thefe princes* by which means ihe killed her ow<i 
 children* When fhe came to find her miftake, fee itabbed 
 herfclf. Pauf. 
 
 Theo'damas, a king of Myfia, and father of Hylas. 
 He was killed by Hercules, becaufe he lefuied to treat him 
 and his fon Hyllus with hofpitality. The hero fpared 
 Hylas, andwas very kind to him. 
 
 Theo'phaNE, a daughter of Byfaltus, who was fought 
 by ieveral lovers ; but Neptune, to iecure his pofl^flion of 
 her, metamorphofed his miftrefs into an ewe, and himfelf 
 into a ram } in which transformation Theoplwne brought 
 into the world a ram with a golden fleece ; the fame that 
 carried Phryxus to Colchis. O'Vid. 
 
 Theo'rius, a name of a temple of Apollo> in the city 
 of Trjezene, which fignifjes to fee, and which agrees very 
 well wi.h this god, coniidered as the fun. It is the molt 
 ancient temple in this city. 
 
 Tkera'pne, a city of Laconia, in which Apollo had a 
 temple called Phoebeum. It was near Lacedaemon, and 
 fome have confounded it with that capital. 
 
 Thfrsi'tes, a wretched buffoon in the Grecian army, 
 who attempted to ridicule all the generals in it, He rmuie 
 a terrible noife, and uttered nothing but fcandal and cdarfe 
 faviffgVof all kinds j he was alfo fquint-e>ed, and had a 
 hump both before and behind ;. befide which he was lame, 
 and h;td a pointed head very thin of hair. One day as he 
 v. -as reproaching Agamemnon for the bad fuccefs of the 
 ilege of Troy, Ulylfes' threatened, if he went on, to tear 
 his ftefh to pieces with rods j and at the lame time ft ruck 
 bis back with his fceptre. The pain caufed Therfrtes to 
 make foch ugly faces, that the Greeks, afflicted as they 
 weie, could not forbear laughing at him. He was hlent 
 for lbme time j. but afterward, daring to attack Achillea 
 for mourning the death of Penthefilea, the hero killed him 
 with a blow of his fill. 
 
 The'seus, a king of Athens, and fon of iEgeus, by 
 /Ethra the daughter of Pittheus. He endeavoured to imitate 
 Hercules in all his actions. He was an enemy to vice, 
 and vanquished fcveral raonfters j fuch as the Minotaur, 
 
THE 
 
 to whom he was given to be devoured. He likewife con- 
 quered the Amazons, and took their queen Hippolyte to 
 wife, by whom he had Hippolytus. He had alio ieverai 
 other wives, at Helen, Anaune, and Phaedra j fome he 
 foribok, as Ariadne among others. He defended into 
 hell with his friend Pirithous, to am^ him in carrying off 
 Proferpine; but he was condemned by Plut® to be fattened 
 to a ftone, and there remain till Hercules let him free. 
 During his confinement, Meneftheus got pofleflion of his 
 dominions, whono he attempted to ejeR on his return $ but 
 the Athenians contemning his authority, he retired with 
 great mortification to Scyros, where he was thrown from a 
 rock and killed. The children of Thefeus, after the death 
 of Meneftheus, recovered the Athenian throne, and brought 
 the remains of their father from Scyros to Athens, where 
 a temple and ftatues were erected to his honour. ThiU 
 Ovid. 
 
 Thesmopho'ria, facred rites in honour of Ceres, as 
 the foundrefs of laws, inftituted by Triptolemus ; and 
 1 thofe women, who vowed perpetual chaftity, were initiated 
 in them. 
 
 The'spia, a city of Boeotia, feated at the fpot of mount 
 Helicon, that had its name from Thefpius, one of the fons 
 of Erishrheus. 
 
 Thespi'ad^e, the fons of the Thefpiades, who went 
 to Sardinia, where they made a fettlement with lolaus, the 
 friend of their father Hercules. 
 
 Thespi'ades, the fifty daughters of Thefpius, who 
 were (aid to be got with child by Hercules in one night. 
 This, according to Tome, paffes for the 13th and mod 
 arduous of the labours of Hercules.— Alfo a furname of 
 the nine Mufes, becaufe they were held in great veneration 
 in Thefpia. 
 
 Thespis, an Athenian poet, faid to be the firft inven- 
 tor of tragedy. His reprefentations were very ruftic and 
 imperfect. He went from town to town npon a cart, on 
 which was erected a ftage, where two actors, whofe faces, 
 were daubed with the lees of wine, entertained the audience 
 with choral fongs, Sec. 
 
 The'spius, orTHESTius, a king of Thefpia, fon of 
 lErichtheus, or Athanor, according to fome authors, He 
 Ts 
 
THE 
 
 had ..fifty daughters ; and being willing to have poftcrity 
 by Hercules, he invited him to a fealt, where he tegaled 
 him in a magnificent manner: after this, according to 
 Diodorus, he fent his fifty daughters to him one ''after 
 another, by whom they all had a fon, except the eldelt and 
 youngefr, who lr.td each of them two. But Paufanias tells 
 lis, that the youngelt would not confent to lofe her virgi- 
 nity 5 upon which Hercules made her hisprieftefs : for this 
 reafbn the temple of Hercules at Thefpia was always ferved 
 by a prieftefs, who was obliged to continue a virgin to her 
 death. His daughters were called from him Thefpiades, 
 and their Tons Thefpiadse. Apollod. Pauf. Pint. 
 
 Thessa'lia, or ThESSAly, a country of Greece, 
 which had its name from Theffalus, a fon of Hercules and 
 Calliope. It is famous for a deluge that happened in the 
 age of Deucalion, and for its mountains and cities, iuch as 
 Olympus, Pelion, Offa, Larifla, &c. The inhabitants 
 were fuperftitious, and acjdicled to the Irudy of magic. 
 
 Thesti'ad^e, the fbns of Theftius, Toxeus and 
 Plexippus, brothers of Althasa, flain by their, nephew Me- 
 Jeager at the chace of the Calydonian boar. Ovid. 
 
 The'stius, the fon of Parthaon, father of iheThefli- 
 adve, and of Althaea, the mother of Meleager. Ovid, A 
 fon of Erichtheus;,fee Thespius. 
 
 Thestor, one of the Argonauts, father of Calchas^ 
 and of two daughters, Theonoe and Leucippe. Theonoe, 
 walking one. day on the lea fh ore, was met by pirates, who 
 carried her. off, and fold her to Icarus, king of Quia. 
 Her father fet out ir\puifuit of the pifates ; but being ibip- 
 wreckedon the coaft of Caria, he was taken and lent to 
 prifon by the king. Leucippe, who had heard no news of 
 her father, conl'ulted the oracle to know how to find him j 
 and was told, (lie muff cut off her hair, take the habit of a 
 prieft of Apollo, and go jn fearch of him. She foon fet 
 out upon the journey, and arrived at Caria, where Theonoe 
 fell in love with this pretended prieft ; but not finding th.e 
 ■expcQed return, Leucippe was loaded with chains,, and 
 ©rdered to ; be' put to death privately by Theftor. He en- 
 tered the prifon with a fword Theonoe had given him, told 
 this pretended prieft, that he was not lb unhappy as him- 
 itif, .tecaufe.he .had loll, his two daughters, .rjientipnirig 
 
THR 
 their names i he added, he was forced fo perform this exe- 
 cution, but was determined to pi event it by killing him- 
 ielf j upon which he was going to fall upon his {word. 
 Leucippe then knew her father, matched away the {'word, 
 and tr.ti to the apartment of Theonoe to take away her life, 
 and ca'led her father Theftor to her afnftance; but Theo- 
 noe, hearing the name, cried out, me was his daughter. 
 Icarus, being informed of thefe extraordinary events, load- 
 ed all three with piefents, and lent them into their own 
 country. 
 
 Thesto'pjdes, the famous foothfayer Calchas, fo 
 called from being the ion of Thc-uor. Ovid. 
 
 Thetis, one of the lea de<ti<s, daughter of Nereus and 
 Doris', often confounded with Tethys, her grandmother. 
 Jupiter was deiuous of marrying her, but did not, becaufa 
 it was foretold that her ion fhpuld be more eminent and 
 ill urinous than the father. She was married to FefeiVs, by 
 whom (he had Achilies. No nuptials were ever fo brilliant 
 or more magnificent than thefe : for all the gods and god- ; 
 defies were at the wedding, except Difcordia, who was not 
 invited ; and me, to revenge herfelf, thiew an apple of 
 gold upon the table, to be givers to the faireft goddefs, 
 which caufed a vaft number of difordcrs, but was at laft 
 adjudged to Venus, by Paris. Trier's rendered Achilles 
 invulnerable by plunging him in the waters of the Styx, 
 .except that part of the heel by which me held him ; but 
 being yet anxious for his prefer vation, me went to Vulcan, 
 and prevailed upon him to make a fet of armour and a 
 fliield, which me prtfeived to her fon on his going to the 
 ftege of Troy. She is reprefented in a chariot, in the form 
 ofa'fhell, drawn by dolphins. Homer. 
 
 Thisbe, a beautiful virgin of Babylon, unfortunate in 
 love: feePYRAMUS. 
 
 Tho as, a king of Taurica, who had the ffotue of Diana 
 in his poiTeffion. It was carried away by defies, Pylades, 
 and Iphigenia, after they had flainThoas: feelPHiGENlA. 
 A king of Lemncs, who refigned the crown in favour of 
 his only daughter Hypfipyle, who fpared his life when the 
 Lefbian women confpired to kill all the males of the 
 ifland. 
 
 I 'Thrace, a country in the moft eaftern part of Europe. 
 T3 
 
TIR 
 
 The Thradans were looked upon as a cruel and barbarous 
 nation, and they (acrifked without the leaft humanity 
 their enemies on the altars of their gods. 
 . Thra'sius, a noted foothiayer of Cyprus, who told 
 Bufiris, king of Egypt, that Jupiter would fend rain if he 
 facrificed a foreigner : upon which he, not being a native, 
 was Xacrificed himfelf. Ovid. 
 
 Thtjle, an ifland in the moft northern part of Europe 
 then known. Some fuppofe that it is the ifland now called 
 Iceland. 
 
 Thy'ades, a name of the Bacchasj fo called from 
 Thyas, the firft woman who was prietiels to the god Bac- 
 chus. Virgil. Pauf. 
 
 Tijye'stes, the fon of Pelops, and brother of Atreus. 
 He committed adultery with his fifter^in-law ./Erope, wife 
 of Atreus ; who, to be revenged, killed her two children, 
 and ferved them up to his brother at his own table. He 
 alio committed inceft, but unknowingly, with his daugh- 
 ter Peiopeia. See ^gisthus. 
 
 Thymbrje'us, a lurname of Apollo, becaufe he had 
 a temple and grove at Thymbra/ near Slides. Virgil. 
 
 Thyo'ne, the name given to Semele after (he had been 
 prefented with immortality ; from whence her fon Bac- 
 chus was fometimes called Thyoneus. Horace. 0% id. 
 
 Tiber, a famous river in Italy, at fifrft called Albula, 
 and afterward Tiberinus, when the king of that name had 
 been drowned there. 
 
 Tibu'llus, a celebrated elegiac poet, intimately ac- 
 quainted with Horace and Ovid. He died young, and 
 his four books of elegies are (till extant. 
 
 Tibu'ktus, a fon of Amphiarus, who built Tibur, a 
 city of Italy, .fixteen miles from Rome. Horace. Virgil. 
 
 Tigris, a famous and rapid river in Afia, which form- 
 ed the eafte-m boundary of Mefopotamia.\ 
 
 TlPHls, the pilot of the (hip Argo, in the Argonau- 
 tic expedition. He died before the Argonauts; reached 
 Colchis, at the court of Lycus in Propontis, and Ancacus 
 fucceeded to his place. 
 
 Tjre'sias, a famous foothfayer of Thebis, who fee- 
 ing two ferpents joined together on mount Cylleroe, killed 
 ♦lie female, and was immediately changed into a woman. 
 
TIT 
 
 feven years afterward he found two other ferpents in the 
 fame manner, and killing the male, he became a man as 
 before. Jupiter and Juno one day difputing which of tha 
 fexes had moft pleafure in the connubial ftate, appealed to 
 Tirefias, who could fpeak from aftual experience. Ti- 
 reiias decided in favour of Jupiter, and declared, that the 
 pleafure which the female received, was ten times greater 
 than that of the male. Juno, who fupported a different 
 opinionj puniftied Tirefias with the lofs of his eyefighi j 
 but Jupiter, as a recompenfe, endued him with the faculty 
 of foretelling things to come, and permitted him to liv^ 
 {even times more than the reft of men. Homer, Ovid. 
 Hygin. 
 
 Tisr'PHONE, one of the three Furies, who was placed 
 day and night at the gate of Tartarus, where (he never 
 flept. See Eumenides. 
 
 Titan, a fon of Coelus and Terra, and the elder bro- 
 ther of Saturn, to whom he gave the kingdom of the world, 
 on condition that he raifed no male children. When the 
 birth of Jupiter was concealed, Titan made war againlt 
 his brother and conquered him, but was afterward van* 
 quiflied by Jupiter, who thereupon releafed his father; but 
 Saturn afterward plotting againft Jupiter's life, he de- 
 throned him, and took pofieOion of his kingdom. 
 
 Titans, the fons of Coelus and Terra, of whom 
 Titan was chief. They made war againft their brother Sa- 
 turn, and overcame him, but were afterward fubdued by 
 his lbn Jupiter. The wars of the Titans and Giants ate 
 often confounded j but the war of the Titans was againft 
 Saturn, and that of the Giants againft Jupiter. 
 
 Titho'nus, the brother, or as others fay, the fon of 
 Laomedon. He was fo handfome that Aurora fell in love 
 with him, and at his requeft made him immortal j but as 
 he had forgotten to aflc for a continuance of youth, hefoon 
 felt the infirmities of age, and prayed to be removed from 
 the world. As he could not die, the goddefs turned him 
 into a grafshopper. Horace. Virgil, 
 
 Ti'tyus, a vaft giant, fon of Terra, or according to 
 feme, of Jupiter and Elara. He attempted to. offer vio- 
 lence to Latona, but was killed by Apollo. He was 
 »aced in hell, where he covered sine acres when ftretched 
 
TR O 
 
 on the ground, and vultures perpetually devoured his en- 
 trails as faft as they -grew. Virgil. Homer. 
 
 Tlepg'lemus, a ion of Hercules and Aftyochia, horn 
 at Argos. He marri; d Potyxo, with whom he fled to 
 Rhodes, after the accidental murder of his uncle Licym- 
 hius, wheie he was chofen kin?. He went to the Trojan 
 war with nine (hips, and was killed by S^rpedon. 
 
 Tmolus a king of Lydia, Ion of Sipylus and Chthonia, 
 wlio married Omphale. He violated the nymph Arriphe, 
 at the foot of Diana's altar j for which impiety he was 
 afterwaid toffed by a bull, and thrown upon pointed ftskes, 
 where he died miferably. The mountain on which he 
 was buried bore his nariie. Ovid. 
 
 Tom os, 'a town of Pontus, celebrated as being the 
 place where Ovid was banifiied by Auguftus. 
 
 Trina'cria, the ifland of Sicily, fo called from its 
 being of a triangular form. Virgil. 
 
 Tripod, a ftool, confifting of three feet, on which the 
 prieftefs of Apollo uitered her oracles : it was covered by 
 Apollo with the (kin of the ferpent Python, and hence the 
 prieftefs was called PythonifTa. 
 
 Tripto'lemus, afon-of Celeus and Meganira. He 
 was fent in a chariot through the air by Ceres, to teach 
 the people of every country to plow and fow, becaufe his 
 father had kindlv entertained her when (he was in fearch of 
 her daughter Proferpine. Ovid. 
 
 Triton, a fea god, fon of Neptune and Amphitrite. 
 He made ufe of the trumpet of Neptune, which was a (hell 
 mi the form of a trumpet, and he could calm the fea and 
 abate (forms at pleafufe. The upper part of his body was 
 like a man, and the lower like a dolphin. Many of the 
 iea deities are called Tritons. 
 
 Trito'nis, a lake of Africa, near wh'ch Minerva was 
 educated, and had a temple, whence (he is furnamed Tri- 
 tonia. Pauf. A name of Athens, becaufe dedicated to 
 Minerva. Ovid. 
 
 Tri'via, a furname of Diana, beeaufe me prefided 
 over all places where three roads met. 
 
 Troas, a country in Leffer AJia, near the Hellefpont a 
 of which Troy was the capital* 
 
TYP 
 
 Troilus, a fon e>f Priam and Hecuba, killed by 
 Ulyfles at the liege of Troy. 
 
 Tropho'nius, the brother of Agamedies. He pretend- 
 ed to give forth oracles in a vault or cavern built by himfelf, 
 and was worshipped in Roeot:a. See AGAMEDies. 
 
 Tros, a fon of Erichthonius, the father of Hug, AiTa- 
 racus, and Ganymede, by Calleihoe the daughter of Sea- 
 mander. He was the third king of Phrygia, which was 
 from him called Troas. 
 
 Troy, a famous city, the capital of Troas j or, accord- 
 ing to otheis, a country of which Ilium was the capital. 
 The cuv was built on. a fmall eminence near mount Ida, 
 and the promontory of Sigseum ; ice Dard ANUS. Paris, 
 ion ofPriam, king of tins country, having run away with 
 Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was the caufe of its ruin. It 
 was befiegcd by the Greeks during ten year?, and was 
 taken by means of a great wooden horfe which Minerva 
 bad advifed the Greeks to conlf ruft, and in which they 
 bad (but up armed men. The Grecians made a feint of 
 retiring, and the Trojans, further deceived by Sinon, 
 made a breach in the wall to let in the horfe. In the night 
 the fo!d ; ei s oame out, and opened the gates of the city, upon 
 which the Grecians returned, and the city was lacked and 
 burnt. Homer. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Truth, a goddeis, daughter of Saturn or Time, and 
 the mother of Virtue j reprefented as a virgin clad in a 
 white robe. 
 
 TuRNtJS, a king of the Rutuli, fon of Daunus and 
 Venilia, to whom Lavinia was promiled. He was killed 
 by .^Eneas in a (ingle combat. Virgil. 
 
 'Iyche, a daughter of Atlas, one of the Hyades. 
 
 Ty'deus, a fon of GSneus, king of Calidon, by Pe* 
 riboea, and father of Diomedes; He was one of the feven 
 chiefs in the army of Adraftus, and a man cf great valour, 
 but of fmall (tat ore. 
 
 Tynda'rides, the fons of Tyndarus, who were Caf- 
 tor and Pollux $ and their lifter Helen was called Tynda- 
 ris. Ovid. 
 
 Tynda'rus, a king of Lacedemon, and the hufband of 
 Leda, with whom Jupiter converfed in the form of a iwan* 
 
 Typhck'us, or Ty'phon, a monftious giant, fon of 
 
VEN 
 Terra, an d produced by the ftroke of Juno's hand : he 
 Sited a- hundred heads like thofe of a ferpent, and flames of 
 fke were darted from his mouths and eyes. He made 
 war againtf heaven, and ib frightened the gods, that they 
 fled away and aifumed different fhapes j but at length Ju- 
 piter it ruck him dead with a thunderbolt, and laid the 
 whole ifland of Sicily upon him. Typhosus became fa- 
 ther of feveral monfters by his union with Echidna. Ho- 
 mer. Virgil. Ovid. 
 
 Tyre, a veiy ancient and famous city of Phoenicia, 
 built by Agenor on a fmall ifland near the fhore, about 
 24. miles from Sidon. 
 
 Tyro, a beautiful nymph, daughter of Salmoneus, 
 king of Elis. She fell in love with the river Enipeus ; and 
 Neptune sffuming the form- of that river, begat on her Ne- 
 leos and Pelias. Ovid. Propertius. 
 
 Tyrrhe'nia, the lame country as Etruria, fo called 
 from Tjrrhenus, a Lydian prince, who came into Italy. 
 
 VACU'NA, a goddefs of reft and eafe,. worfhipped- by 
 the Romans, to whom the huilbandmen facrifked after 
 barveft. Pljny. Ovid. 
 
 Vagita'nus, the god whoprefided over the crying of 
 infants ; and whofe image is that of a weeping child. 
 
 "Uca^legon, a noble and prudent Trojan, praifed for 
 the foundnefs of his counfels and his good intentions.. 
 His houfe was firrc ftt on fire by the Greeks. Virgil. 
 Homer. 
 
 Ve'jovis, or Vej.upiter, the name of young- Jupiter, 
 without a beard or thundeibolt, and the goat Amalthsea- 
 by his fide. Ovid. 
 
 Veni'lja, a name of Amphitrite, goddefs of the fea, 
 becaule the fea goes and comes with the tide, or ebbs and 
 Hows by turns. — A nymph, fifler to Amata, and mother 
 of Turnus by Daunus. 
 
 . Venus, the daughter of Coelus and Light, but forne fay 
 that Saturn was the author of her birth, and that five 
 
VER 
 
 fptung from the froth of the fea j though others pretend 
 {he was daughter of Jupiter and Dione. However, there 
 h no doubt but there were feveral deities called Venus, 
 though all their anions are attributed to one alone. Soon 
 after her birth, Hie was carried by the Horae with pomp 
 into heaven, where all the gods, feeing her fo handfome, 
 were defirous of marrying her, and called her the goddefs 
 of love. She fell to the lot of Vulcan. This goddefs de£ 
 pifing her hufband on account of his uglinefs, had a great 
 many lovers, and among the reft Mars, with whom Vul- 
 can (uiprifcd her, and furrounding them with an invifible 
 net, called all the goes to be witneffes, who only laughed 
 at him for his pains. She was great with Anchifes, a 
 Trojan prince, by whom (he had JEmzs, and prevailed 
 upon Vuican to make him a let of armour when that prince 
 went to lay the foundation of a new empire in Italy. She 
 was veiy fond of Adonis, and it is faid that me had Cupid 
 by Mars. She had a girdle called Ceftus, in which the 
 graces, fmiles, fports, pleafures, and attractions, made 
 their abode. Paris, before whom (he took off this girdle 
 to (how him all her beauties, gave her the golden apple 
 that Juno and Pallas claimed for themfelves, and which 
 Dilcord had thrown upon the table at the nuptials of The- 
 tis and Peleus. She prefided over all forts of pleafures, 
 and her feftivais were celebrated with all kinds of debau- 
 chery. She had temples almoft every where, but themoft 
 fijperb were at Amathus, Lefbos, Paphos, Cnidus, Cy- 
 theje-a, and Cyprus. The role, the myrtle, and the ap- 
 ple were facred to her. She is generally reprefented with 
 her i'<-n Cupid, on a chariot drawn bv doves, or at other 
 times by (wans or fpacows. Ovid. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Vergi'lme, the ft ven -(tars', called alfo Pleiades. They 
 received this name from their riftng in the fpring. 
 
 Vertu'mnus, a god worfhipped by the Romans under 
 feverai (hapes, and who was faid to prefide over the fpring 
 and orchards. He was very fond of Pomona, and a/fum- 
 ed various (hapes to perfuade her to yield to his defires ; 
 at length he Succeeded under that of an old woman, and 
 then appeared in his own form. When they were ad- 
 vanced in years, he became young again, and likewifere- 
 itored the yoi/th of Panama, He is generally reprefentesl 
 
TJLY 
 
 under the figure of a young man with a crown of di'fUient 
 forts of herbs on his head, and a garment that but half co- 
 vered him j he has different forts of fruit in his left hand, 
 and in his right the horn of plenty. Propertius. Ovid, 
 
 Vesta, a goddefs, daughter of Saturn and Rhea $ of- 
 ten confounded by mythologifts with Rhea, Ceres, Cy- 
 bele, Proferpine, and Tellus. When confidered as the 
 mother of the gods, me is the wife of Ccelus, and mother 
 of Saturn ; and when confidered as the goddefs of fire, (he 
 is called the daughter of Saturn and Rhea. Under this tail 
 title (he was worftiipped by the Romans. None but virgins 
 were permitted to celebrate her mytteries, and their principal 
 care was never to let the fire of the lamps go out in her tem- 
 ples. Whenever that happened, or they fuffered themfelves 
 to be debauched, they were buried alive. The(e virgins were 
 called Veitala ; and the feftivals of the goddefs Veftalia. 
 
 Vi'ctory, an allegorical deity, faid to be the daughter. 
 ofCoelus and Terra ; according to Heftod, of Pallas and 
 Styx. She is reprefented like a cheerful virgin with wings, 
 holding in one hand a garland of olive and laurel, and in 
 the other a branch of palm. 
 
 Vi'rbius, the name of Hyppolytus, after he had been 
 reftored to life by .^Efculapius, at the inftance of Diana. 
 
 VlRGiL, the prince of Latin poets, born at Andes, a 
 village near Mantua, about 70 years before Chrilr. His 
 works are every where known and admired. 
 
 Virtus, a goddefs worftiipped by the Romans $ and 
 c prefer) ted in the habit of an elderly matron, fitting; on a 
 vquare (lone. Through her temple was the only palLge to 
 the temple of honour. 
 
 Uly'sses, king of the ifle of Ithaca, ion of Laertes and 
 Anticlea- He counterfeited madnefs to avoid going to the 
 fiege of Troy, that he might llay with his beloved Pene- 
 Jope j but Palamadcs, to try whether he really was out of 
 his fenfes or not, placed his infant fon Telemachus before 
 the plough ofUlyifes, who, to favehis child from hint, 
 lifted up the plough, and thereby difcoverea the feint. He 
 did great fervice to the Greeks, by his prudence and fub- 
 tlety. It was he that difcovered Achilles when he was 
 dilguifed in woman's clothes, by placing armour and jew- 
 els before him, when he could not forbear admiring the for- 
 
VOL 
 
 mer. He induced Philoclenes to fight with the arrows of 
 Hercules j carried away the Palladium with Diomedesj and 
 was one of thofe who were fhut up in the wooden horfe. 
 In bis return to Ithaca, he met with feveral dangers, both 
 by fea and land, and ftruggled with his adverfe fortune for 
 ten years together.- He was fhipwrecked on the ifland of 
 Circe, where he had a Ton by her named Telegonus, and 
 to keep him the longer, ftie changed all his companions 
 into wild beads ; but at length he got away, and was 
 fhipwrecked again on the ifland of Calypfo, who detained 
 him for fome time. After this his veflel broke to pieces 
 near the ifland of Cyclops, where Polyphemus devoured 
 four of his companions, and fhut up him and the reft in a 
 cave, from which he luckily got out« By his prudence, he 
 avoided the charms of the Syrens $ and when he left .ZEolia, 
 ^olus, as a flgn of his goodwill, gave him certain fkins, 
 wherein the winds were inclofed j but his companions open- 
 ing them out of curiofity, they made their efcape, and a 
 ftorm enfued, which catt Ulyfles on the coaft of Africa, 
 when he was near his own country. He was fhipwrecked 
 for the laft time near Ithaca, loft his veflels and compa- 
 nions, and was !aved upon a plank. When he entered his 
 own ifland nobody knew him, and he placed himfelf among 
 Penelope's fuitors, who were about to bend a certain bow» 
 and rhe ftrongeft was to marry Penelope j he gained the 
 prize without difcovering himfeif, and killed all his rivals. 
 Some time after he yielded up the crown to Telemachus,- 
 became the oracle had told him he fhould die by the hand 
 of his own fon. In effect he was killed by Telegonus, 
 whom he had by Circe. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 U'n t xia, a lbrname of Juno, becaufe it was ufual for 
 the bride to anoint the thrtfhold of her hufband j and from 
 this ceremony wives were called unxares,- and afterward 
 jixores, from IFnxia who preiided over them. 
 
 Volu'mnus and Volumna, two deities who prefided 
 over the will.. They were chiefly invoked at nuptials, to 
 preferve concord between rhe hufband and wife. 
 
 Volu'pi a, the goddefs of fenfual pleafures, who had a 
 temple at Rome. She was reprefented as a young- and beau- 
 tiful woman, elegantly drefled, with Virtue under her feet. 
 
VUL 
 
 UR'A'nia, one of the nine Mufes, who prcfided over 
 fcftronomy. She was reprefented under the figure of a 
 young maid in azure robes, crowned with ftars, holding a 
 globe in both her hands, and round her were feveral ma- 
 thematical instruments. 
 
 Ura'nus, a deity, the fame as Coelus, the moft ancient 
 of all the gods. He married Terra, by whom Tie had many, 
 children, the principal of which were Titan, Satan, Ocea- 
 nus, Phoebe, and Tethys. His fons confpired "againft him 
 becaufe he confined them in the bowels of the earth, and Sa-' 
 turn mutilated him, and drove him fiom his throne. It is 
 faid that he was the flrif, king of the Atlantii, a people in 
 Africa, whom hecolle&ed together, and caufed them to for- 
 fake that brutal life they had formerly led. He taught them 
 the ufe of fruits, as well as the manner of preferving them j 
 and he communicated feveral ufeful inventions. 
 
 Vulcan, the fon of Jupiter and Juno, or rather of 
 Juno alone, who was affronted that Jupiter had produced 
 Minerva without her afftftance. He was ugly and deformed 
 from his birth, but became the huihand of Venus ; and he 
 made the firft woni3n that eves-appeared on earth, known 
 by the name of Pandora. Jupiter kicked him down from 
 heaven, when he attempted to. deliver his mother, who had 
 been faftened by a golden chain for her iniblence; and he 
 was falling from morning till fun let, when at kit he reach- 
 ed the ifle of Lemnos, but broke his leg by the fall, which ' 
 caufed him ever after to be lame of one foot. Ke built a 
 palace at Lemnos, railed forges to work metals, and 
 taught the Leronians all the uleful arts which could civi- 
 lize their rude manners, and render them ferviceable to 
 the good of fociety.. The Cyclops of Sicily were his mi- 
 ni iters and attendants^, and with him they fabricated, pst 
 only the thunderbolts of Jupiter, but alfo arms for the gods 
 and moft celebrated heroes. He is generally reprefented 
 lame and deformed, his breaft hairy, and. his forehead 
 blackened with fmokej holding a hammer railed in thfc 
 air,' redely *o ftrike, and with pincers in the other hand 
 turning s thunderbolt on his anvil. Befad. Homer. Virg. 
 
 - 
 
ZET 
 
 X 
 
 XANTHUS, a river of Troas, the fame as the Sea- 
 roander. — One of the horfes of Achilles, who being chid 
 by his matter, for having left Patroclns on the field of 
 battle full of wounds, he told the hero of his approaching. 
 death, which was appointed by deftiny, and could not ba 
 prevented by the activity of any horfe. Homer. 
 
 Xenocle'a, a prieftefs of t)e!pb?, who, vvhen Hercu- 
 les came to confult the oracle, would not give any anfwer, 
 becaufe his hands were yet ftained with the blood of Iphi- 
 tus, whom he had juft (lain. He/cules, offended at this 
 refufa!, took aw;iy the tripod of. the prieftefs, and would 
 wot deliver it back till he had received iausfa&ion. 
 
 ZE'PHYRUS, the weft wind, and one of the four prin- 
 cipal. He was the ion of iEolus and Aurora, and 
 breathed fuch gentle breezes, and yet fo powerful, that he 
 gave life to the trees and fruits. He married Flora or 
 Chloris, with whom he enjoyed the moft perfect felicity. 
 He is reprefented like a young man with a lerene counte- 
 nance, .crooned with flowers, and his lap filled with ver- 
 nal flowers. 
 
 Zetes, orZETHEs, the fon of Boreas and Orithia, 
 and brother of Calais, who had wings, and were fent to 
 purfue the Harpies. 0<vid. 
 
 Zetus, or Zethus, a fon of Jupiter and Antiope, 
 When Lycus, ki> g of Thebes, married Antiope, he thought 
 Ihe had an amour with Epaphus, and divorced her to mar* 
 ry Dirce. Jupiter then vifited Antiope in the (hape of Ly- 
 cus, and made up the difference. Circe thought that 
 Lycus had beta really reconciled, and iroprifoned Antiope, 
 
caufmg her t© undergo a great many hardships ; but at laft 
 /he made her efcape, and was delivered of Zetus and Am- 
 phion, whom ihe put into die hands of fhepherds to be 
 brought up. Thefe princes, afterward coming to know 
 the misfortunes of their mother, fattened Dirce to the tail 
 of a bull, by which (he was torn to pieces. 
 
 Zo'iLtrs, a fophiftand grammarian of Amphipolis, who 
 tendered himlelf known by his 'vere crkicifms on the 
 Vftrks of liberates and Homer. His name is generally 
 applied to auftere critics. 
 
 END, 
 
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