el* I $%- -.0) A* .•*'-•• * »•»•• a9 >* .•^L' * v .< ^ -J fe. • . * * .4 o. ^tf 1 ^HB^l*. ^^ V< r oV v ^(y • v^\*> v^v v^-v ;. ♦* *„ -. ? . JAMES S. DOOLITTLE, SOLD BY SUBSCRIPTION. PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 31 South Second Street. 1893 ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1891, BY JAMES S. DOOLITTLE IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON. ^ TYPOGRAPHY OF FOOD, HOME AND GARDEN, 310 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. ELECTROTYPED BY HANSON BROTHERS. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. Historical, Explanatory . . . 33 CHAPTER I Anatomy of the Skull and Brain, General Principles and Divisions 49 CHAPTER II Organs of the Perceptive Facul- ties, Seven: Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, Color, Order, Num- ber ........ 67 CHAPTER III Special Organs of the Memory, Se- ven: ^Eventuality, Locality, Direc- tion, Time, Memory of Names, Tune, Language . ........ ■. .. ... . J 7 9 IO CHAPTER IV Organs of the Reflective Facul- ties, Two : Reason, Understanding 87 CHAPTER V Organs of the Spiritual Faculties, Four : Beneficence, Benevolence, Veneration, Hope .... 97 CHAPTER VI Organs of the ^Esthetic Faculties, Seven :, Wit, Mirthfulness, Imita- tion, Wonder, Fancy, Ideality, Constrnctiveness . . .....' . 107 CHAPTER VII Organs of the Moral Faculties, Six : Firmness, Self-esteem, Convention- ality, Approbativeness, Cautious- ness, Watchfulness 117 CHAPTER VIII Organs of thc Animal Nature, Six : Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, Destructiveness, Secretiveness, Combativeness, Bibativeness . ♦ 127 II CHAPTER IX Organs of the Domestic Faculties, Seven : Continuity, Inhabitiveness, Adhesiveness, Philoprogenitive- ness, Conjugality, Tenacity, Ama- tiveness 137 CHAPTER X Summary and Physiognomy : Intellect- ual Spiritual, Intellectual Moral, Intellectual Animal, Indications of the Chin, Mouth, Lips, Eyes, Cheek and Nose 147 CHAPTER XI Combinations and General Princi- ples: Heart, Will, Perceptives, Mind 163 CHAPTER XII The Spiritually Minded Head . 171 CHAPTER XIII The Carnally Minded Head. . .181 CHAPTER XIV The Hope Head 191 CHAPTER XV The Conventional Head . . . 201 12 CHAPTER XVI The Approbative Head . . . 209 CHAPTER XVII Business and Profession . . . 219 CHAPTER XVIII General Remarks on Temperaments. 239 CHAPTER XIX Temperaments : Names and Classes : Sanguine and Bilious Considered. 245 CHAPTER XX Consideration of Temperaments Con- tinued : Sanguine-Bilious, Lym- phatic, Encephalic 259 CHAPTER XXI Consideration of Temperaments Continued : Sanguine-Encephalic, Sanguine-Lymphatic, Bilious- Encephalic, Bilious-Lymphatic, Sanguine-Bilious-Encephalic, San- guine-Bilious-L3^mphatic,Sanguine- Encephalic - Lymphatic, Bilious- Encephalic-Lymphatic, Sanguine- Bilious-Encephalic-Lymphatic . . 279 13 CHAPTER XXII Heredity and Temperamental, Mar- riage : Vital Tenacity, Heredity, Life Line, Vital Vigor . . .319 CHAPTER XXIII Metaphysics: Spiritual Truths Ap- plied to the Living Head . . 339 CHAPTER XXIV Metaphysics : Spiritual Harmony Es- sential to Salvation . . . . 351 INDEX. Acids predominate ... ... Acquisitiveness, Function of " " Necessary Actions, Modified ... Adhesiveness, Function of Esthetic Organs L,arge, Illustrated Aggressiveness, Change from Alexander VI. Head, Outline of Alimentiveness, Function of Alive, Spiritually Alkalies predominate Amativeness, Function of Analogical organ Analytical organ Ancestor, Which Animal Nature, Organs of, large, Illustrated Animals, Domestic " " Breeding of Wild Apprehensive organ Approbativeness, Function of " leading Archnoid, Definition of ... 252 ... 132 133 ... 207 142 no, III 207 62 132 ... 342 256 ... 143 93 94 332 130, 131 322 ... 328 133 94 125 ... 216 56 Banner given Belief, Desire to put, into Action " is not faith " Organ of Benevolence, Function of Beneficence, " " Bibativeness, " " Bible, Open and plain " Truths of the Birds represent high thoughts 359 124 357 124 103 102 134 44 342 348 15 i6 Brain, Composed of Diseased Fibers of functions alike harmoniously developed Proportion of Quality of Superiority of, depends on proportionate development Supremacy of Weight of While one, many parts Book, Living 57 242 ^5 54 66 59 65 65 161 57 37 66 Campbell, Bartley, Portrait Sketch Cannon, George Q., Portrait " Sketch Castles, Imaginary Causality (Phrenology) Cautiousness, Function of Cerebellum, Larg-e ... " Small Ceremonies, Love of Character, Activity of ... Agreeable Change from " in of ... Conditions of Delineation " Dreamy Drinking Executive Heavenly Individual Living Lost Modify the ... not indicated Pre-natal Principles of Quality of ... Stability of Vascillating ... Want of balance Winning Characters at war " Feeble minded " Transform of 282 ... 283 288 ... 289 199 92 126 251, 256 271, 285 ... 124 206 ... 199 198 ... 216 64 ... 329 360 ... 199 136 207 41 ... 115 345 ... 346 231 ... 166 321 ... 326 66 ... 123 199 ... 169 214 ... 152 244 ... 65 *7 Characteristics, Inherited ... ... ... 64, 225, 327, 333 " Physical ... ... ... ... ... 329 " shall prevail ... ... ... ... 170 " Transmitted ... ... ... ... ... 324 Virtuous ... ... ... ... ... 323 Child, Pre-natal existence of... ... ... ... ... 324 Children, Healthy ... ... ... ... ... 330 " inheriting Encephalic temperament ... ... ... 271 Christianity, Ceremonies of ... ... ... ... 188 " Consists of ... ... ... ... ... 178 " Teacher of ... ... ... ... ... 102 " True ... ... ... ... ... ... 40 Christian Science ... ... ... ... ... 4c Christ, Likeness of ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 „ spirit of... ... ... ... ... ... 347 Climate, Damp ... ... ... ... ... ... 135 Climate, Dry ... ... ... ... .. ... 135 Climate, Producing ... ... ... ... ... ... 257 Color, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 75 Combativeness, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 134 Comparison (Phrenology) ... ... ... ... 92 Composure, Outward ... ... ... ... ... 125 Comprehensive Being too ... ... ... ... 237 " organ ... ... ... ... ... 93 Conjugality, Function of ... ... ... ... 143 " Living in ... ... ... ... ... 143 Conscience, Listening to ... ... ... ... 178 " Organ ot ... ... ... .-.. ... 94 Conscientiousness (Phrenology) ... ... ... ... 124 Constitution, Good ... ... ... ... ... 334 " Sickly ... ... ... ... ... 334 Constructiveness, Function of ... ... ... ... 115 Continuity, " " ... ... ... ... 142 Continence, In the matter of ... ... ... ... 324 Conventionalities, Not bound by ... ... ... ... 105 Conventionality, Function of ... ... ... ... 123 Convolutions, Deeper ... ... ... ... ... 58 Cornwell, W. C, Portrait of ... ... ... ... no " " " Sketch " ... ... ... ... in Courage, Moral, ... ... ... ... ... ... 134 Covetousness, Organ of, ... ... ... ... 133 which is idolatry ... ... ... ... 104 "Cramming" in schools ... ... ... ... 83 Craniognomy applied ... ... ... ... ... 41 connected with Bible truth ... ... ... 44 " makes a clear distinction ... ... ... 40 " offers a course in understanding ... ... 41 i8 Craniognomy, Origin of ... ... ... ... ... 43 " Superiority of ... ... ... ... 38 Creature born again ... ... ... ... ... 357 Criminals, Most, have Conventionality large ... ... 125 Critical, The zeal of the ... ... ... ... ... 35 Darkness represents the carnal nature ... ... ... 343 Death, Passed from ... ... ... ... ... 358 Deductive, Organ of the ... ... ... ... 93, 230 Deliberation, Act with ... ... ... ... ... 104 Delineation, Accuracy in, ... ... ... ... 242 Destructiveness, Function of ... ... ... ... 133 Devil, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 47 " likeness, representing the carnal nature ... ... 342 Diploe, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 54 Direction, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 84 Divine, Conformity to the ... ... ■ ... ... 244 Divisions, Basil ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 " Coronal ... ... ... ... ... 60 " Craniognomical, Illustrated ... ... ... 62 " Frontal ... ... ... ... ... 59 " Occipital ... ... ... ... ... 59 Dodge, William E-, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 100 " Sketch " ... ... ... ... 101 Domestic organs, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 140, 141 Doolittle, Henry H., Reference to ... ... ... ... 45 Dura Mater, Definition of ... ... ... ... 56 Duty, I . •— i Pn o3 hH H p a •rH w P4 o CO cu m CO CO U CU &> cu 3 2 h4 M pi d cu « cu o cu CU -pi * .d cu n. p4 co o m" cu rd fH d ft H IN fO Tf £ o o & Ef cu o,S B I— 1 -*-» ,5 o3 £ +-) -M cd frH ■3 S ^O o o < yA 4 P M CO s d o r3 03 u cu o3 "d u cu rd o pi .i-i d u cu CO cu B o cu ,d co j3 CO O d O co cu B d cu 13 d 2 to "3 cu •a Ctj 3 Occipital 4 Temporal 5 Nasal "o +-» CO 03 CU rd ■*-> cu d ** 03 t: * oS >-" ^ d «-> 5 o3 d rO d CO OS CO o3 CU y to CU '-4-J 'In bJO K CO B d d CO cu CJ 53 54 ANATOMY OF THK SKULL AND BRAIN. The bones of the skull include those of the cranium and face. The cranium, in which we are mostly interested, contains eight bones viz., one occipital, two parietal, one frontal, two temporal, one sphenoid and one ethmoid. Plate I. Fig. i. The cranium and face bones taken as a whole are divisible into five regions : superior top of head back to occipit, inferior or base, lateral or side (two), anterior, the face. Sutures are those irregular places where the bones of the skull are joined together. These are in some cases quite rough and prominent, in others smooth and flat, owing to excessive or deficient ossification. There are two tables of skull, the outer one thick and tough and the bones of it joined by sutures. The inner one thin, brittle and with- out sutures. The cancellous tissue inter- vening between these tables is called diploe. The functions of the brain are the same on both sides. The occiput is a small protru- berance at the back of the skull, generall}' marking the boundary between the cerebrum and cerebellum. 55 Sinus, frontal, at the root of the nose con- tinning np between the two tables of the skull, is a small cavity for air and blood. Longitudinal and snperior sinus is along and nnderneath the Dura Mater where the divi- sions of the hemispheres occur. These sinuses receive the blood from the numerous veins of each hemisphere. Other sinuses are of the same nature. These sinuses, especially the frontal one, are important for the student to understand. Knowledge gives power, and having knowledge of these sinuses will enable the student to rightly understand their rela- tion to the cranium and brain. When the whole nature is coarse with a large bony structure, prominent joints, coarse heavy voice it is very likely that the frontal sinus is quite large. Again when the region of the perceptives is quite irregularly devel- oped, with a sharp prominence each side of the root of the nose a large frontal sinus is indicated. The Mastoid Process is the termination of a rough, bony part of the skull back and a little below the ear, and when the bony structure is large the process is quite promi- inent 56 The Dura Mater is the thick, fibrous membrane which lines the interior of the skull. It adheres closely to the cranium. It sends out a process which decends vertically and longitudinally between the right and left hemispheres of the brain. The Archnoid is a thin membrane that envelopes the brain and is connected with the Dura Mater. The Pia Mater is a mem- brane which invests the entire surface of the brain, dipping down between the convolutions. It consists of minute blood vessels which extend into and give blood to the cerebral substance. The under surface of each hemisphere is subdivided into three lobes :' Anterior, Middle and Posterior. There is also a part of the brain called Pons Varolii. It constitutes the bond of union between the cerebrum and cerebellum above and the part beneath called the Medulla Oblongata, which forms the con- nection with the spinal cord. From the Medulla Oblongata numerous nerves and fibers connect every part of the body with the brain. The weight of the male brain averages 57 from forty-six to fifty-three ounces and of the female forty-one to forty-seven ounces. It is claimed by anatomists that the weight of the brain determines the intellec- tual capacity of the person. But that is not invariably the case. The brain is composed of convolutions or folds of a gray substance, separated from each other by depressions filled with a white yield- ing substance. By this arrangement the convolutions permit of an increase in the amount of gray material without occupying much additional space. The spaces between the convolutions called sluci are generally an inch deep, but vary in this respect. The cerebellum is not convoluted but has transverse ridges of gray matter and white between. The number and extent of the convolutions of gray matter as well as their depth, appear to bear a close re- semblance to the intellectuality of the person. The greater the number and extent of the convolutions the greater the degree of intel- lectuality. In some of the lower grades of animals convolutions are hardlv discernable, but as we ascend the scale of animal life they be- 58 come more noticeable while in mankind they present the most complexity. In a child the convolntions are few, and the sluci between them shallow, but as the child grows in intellectuality the convolutions become deeper until maturity in the adult and when mental vigor begins to decrease the convolutions also diminish. The white portion of the brain consists of three kinds of fiber : first those which connect the hemispheres, with the Medulla Oblongata. Second those which connect the two hemispheres, and third those which connect the distant parts of the same hem- isphere. Lymph consists of white corpuscles main- ly water. It exists in most parts of the physical structure. These corpuscles do not seem to be intimately connected with any nerves or fibers, but by means of valves they communicate their substance to other vessels. The preponderance of lymph causing Lymphatic Glands to enlarge, produces what is termed the Lymphatic Temperament, as will be shown in a future chapter. 59 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DIVISIONS. In the examination of a craninin to determine the character of a person it is nec- essary to have a starting point. This will be at the opening of the ear, for in most cases if we were to draw a line throngh the head from the opening of one ear to that of the other, the line would pass through the Medulla Oblongata, and we would therefore have all the brain above the line. Now stand at the side of the person ; draw an imaginary line from the opening of the ear perpendicularly to the top of the head, and determine in which part of the head the most of the brain development appears to be, the front part called Frontal or the back part Occipital. In order to ascertain the relative propor- tion of brain development it is necessary to look at the back of the head and see whether it is thick and wide down into the cerebellum ; also look at front of head and see whether narrow or wide, and whether forehead re- treats or is rather perpendicular. Go all around the head, get all the facts, and con- clude according thereto. 6o Draw an imaginary line from the inner corner of the eye, back to the opening of the ear, and still back from there to the Occipit. We have now divided the occipital part of the first division into two parts the npper called coronal, the lower basil. Now deter- mine which part of these two divisions is the largest. We thns have two main divisions, one of them subdivided so that we have frontal ; occipital, coronal, basil. Plate II, Fig. i. One of the great principles to be always observed is this, viz. the frontal region is superior to the occipital ; the coronal to the basil. The power of the intellectual organs is shown by the length of the brain fiber, or the distance from the opening of the ear to the outer surface of each organ. Plate II, Fig. 2. Organs may sometimes be drawn together or centralized toward the active part of the brain. Another principle to be observed is, that the organs nearest to the median line, (a line drawn from the root of the nose back to the occipit,) as a rule are superior to those further away. 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